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REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
OF THE
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
FOR THE
FIRST SESSION OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS.
1883-'84.
IN SEVEN VOLUMES.
f
Volume 1. — ^No8. 3 to 147, inclusive.
Volume 2. — Nos. 148 to 343, inclusive.
Volume 3. — ^Noe. 344 to 490, inclusive.
Volume 4. — ^Nos. 491 to 550, inclusive.
[ Volume 5. — ^Nos. 551 to 578, inclusive.
Volume 0.— No. 579.
j Volume 7.— Nos. 580 to 900, inclusive.
I
WASHINGTON:
aoVEBNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1884.
INDEX
TO THB
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
OF THE
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
FOB THE
FIRST SESSION OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS.
[NoTB.— Only 200 copies of Bep^ No. 2 printed, for the use of the Senate ]
Subject.
A.
Aaron. On bill (H. R. 4254) granting a pension to James
Abbott. On bill (S. 1200) grafting a pension to Mrs. £. G. C
Adams. On memorial of Collin. (To accompany bill 8. 974)
Adkinson. On bill (S. 1465) for the reUcf of D. O
Adulteration of articles of food or drink. On bill (8. 1876) to prohibit the.
Agnel. On bill (8. 475) granting arrears of pension to Emily
Alabama. On bill (8. 503) to increase the endowment of the University of.
Alabama National Guard. On joint resolution (8. Kes. 63) autliorizing
the Secretary of War to make exchange of tents for Gatling guns with
the
Alabama National Guards. On joint resolution (H. Res. 244) authorizing
the Secretaiy of War to make exchange of tents for Ckttling guns with
the - J
Alaska. On bill (8. 153) to provide a civil government for
Alcoholic liquor traflSc On bill (8. 654) to provide for a commission on
the subject of the
Algoe. On bill TS. 783) to increase the pension of John
Alice. On bill (H. R. 2378) restoring to the pension-roll the name of
John _
No.
Vol.
887
7
479
3
15
1
402
3
345
3
510
4
50
1
Allen. On biU (8. 385) for the relief of D. C
Allen. On bill (8. 307) for the reUef of Lewis D w
Allen. On petition of William.. _..
American products. On the second branch of Senate resolution of Jan-
nary 22, 1884, relative to discriminations against the importation of...
Ammahaie (or Ammahe). On bill (8. 1058) for the relief of John
Anderson. On bill (H. R. 3625) to increase the pension of Levi
Appropriations. Making appropriations for the naval service, &c. (To
accompany bill H. R. 4716)— _
Appropriations. Committee on Foreign Relations propose, in lieu of bills
8. 347, 594, and 1700, an amendment to the bill (H. R. 6770) making
appropriations for the consular and diplomatic service for the year end-
ing June 30, 1885, and ask its reference to Committee on
Appropriations. Making appropriations for the consular and diplomatic
service, &c. Statement in the nature of a report. (To accompany bill
H. R. 6770)
Appropriations. Making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and
judicial expenses of the Government for the fisod year ending June 30,
1885. (To accompany bill H. R. 7069)
654
655
3
405
432
633
760 [
7
1
435
8
373
3
795
7
91
1
39
1
164
2
551
6
342
2
851
7
III
IV
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
ppropriations. On bill to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for
the year ending Jane 30, 1884, and prior years. (To accompany bill
H. R.7235)
Arkansas Mounted Infantry Volunteers. On bill (S. 589) for the payment
of the Fourth
Armstrong. On bill (S. 912) granting a pension to Henry A
Armstrong. On bill (S. 1316) fo| the relief of William W
Army. On bill TS. 641) concerning details fix)m the
Army. On bill (S. 853) to fix the rank of certain retired officers of the__
Army. On bill (S. 345) relative to promotions in the Medical Department
of the
Army. On bill (S. 675) to extend the benefits of section 4 of an act
entitled '^An act making appropriations for the support of, for the year
ending June 30, 1866," approved March 3, 1865
Army and Navy. On bill (S. 1646) to continue in force an act to author-
ize the settlement of the accounts of officers of the
Arts. On bill (S. 1063) proposing to amend Revised Statutes relating to
the incorporation of societies for benevolent, charitable, educational, lit-
erary, musical, scientific, religious, or missionary purposes, including
societies for mutual improvement or the promotion of the..
Ashley. On bill (S. 591 ) for the relief of the estate of Chester.
Atlantic Alcohol Company. On bill (S. 1861) for the relief of the
Attwater. On bill (H. R. 204) granting a pension to Susan J. (To
accompany bill H. R. 204) _ _•.
Austrian florin. On bill (S. 459) to refund excessive duties caused by
extraordinary overvaluation of the, in the year 1878
Averell. Onbill(H. R. 2487) for the relief of Bvt. M^j. Gen. WiUiam W..
Ayres. On biU (S. 530)for the relief of Henry
B.
Babson. On bill (S. 772) granting a pension to Erastus W--
Baoon. On petition to sue for damages sustained by a collision between the
United States steam-ram Alarm and the schooner Addle B. (To ac-
company bill S. 748) ^
Baker. On bill (H. R. 3606) granting a pension to Irene
On petition of Samuel
On bill (H. R. 825) granting a pension to William J
On petition of John F
On bill (H. R. 6786) granting a pension to Rivers _—
Baker.
Baker.
Ballier.
Banks.
Barbour. On bill (S^ 689) for the relief of Elizabeth A
R. 943) granting a pension to San
1180 and H. R. 1406) granting a pension to Mrs.
Barnard. On bill (H. R. 943) granting a pension to Samuel
(S.
MaryT
Barnes. On bills
Bamett. On bill (S. 707) granting an increase of pension to Nicholas W
Barr. On bill (H. R. 5821) granting a pension to Mrs. Susannah
Bastin. On bill (S. 1566) granting a pension to Martha
Bateman. On bill (S. 1288) for the relief of Nathaniel C
Bates. On petition of citizens of Iowa in favor granting pension to N. D.
Baugh, administrator of the estate of Ash ton Butterworth. On the me-
morial of A. F
Baugness. On bill (S. 445) for the relief of the heirs or legal representa-
tives of Robert J
Bansman. On bill (S. 283) to increase the pension of George W
Beaty, deceased. On bill (S. 1538) for relief of the legal representatives
of the estate of James -
B^iumont. On bill (H. R. 747) granting a pension to Fannie C. (Views
of the minority) _.
Beck, assignee of A. Bur well. On bill (S. 538) for relief of William H..
Becktel. On bill (H. R. 3591) granting a pension to Sarah A
Bedds and others. On bill (S. 804) for the relief of William
Belding. On bill (S. 1570) for the relief of H. K
Belger. On bill (S. 617) for the relief of James
807
498
733
284
98
315
341
436
803
362
4
7
2
1
2
3
7
141
1
582
7
662
7
894
7
426
3
424
3
294
2
388
3
833
7
257
2
635
7
174
2
865
7
245
2
854
7
553
5
301
2
812
7
689
7
401
3
791
7
126
1
228
2
299
2
346
3
714
7
24
1
874
7
670
5
458
3
661
7
IKDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Vol.
On bill (S. 1259) granting arrears of pension toW. N _.
On bills (H. R. 4"^ and S. 455) granting a pension Alexander
Bcrkl^.
Bernard.
Saint .
Betts, Nichols & Co. On biU (S. 1237) for the relief of. _
Beyland. On bill (8. 647) granting a pension to John C. F
Bigly. On bill (S. 536) for the relief of Capt. N. J
Bills of exchange drawn in foreign conntries on persons, firms, and oorpora-
tions in the United States. On bill (S. 344) to regulate the payment of.
Biser. On bill (H. R. 4970) for the relief of Nancy
On bill (H. R. 2984) granting a pension to Apolline A
On petition of Samuel M
Blair.
Blur.
Blake.
Blake.
Blake.
On bUl (S. 1758) for the relief of Charles M
(s. -
On bUl (S. 1631) for the relief of John W
On bill (H. R. 591) granting a pension to W. H
Blanchet. On bill (S. 958) granting arrears of pension to Augustus D-.
Bleecker. On bill (S. 1335) to authorize the settlement of the accounts of
the late J. V. B
Blinn. On bill (H. R. 351) for the relief of Henry Z
Boddy. On bill (S. 271) for the relief of Mrs. Louisa
Bois Blanc in the State of Michigan. On bill (S. 1449) to provide for the
sale of the military reservation on the island of
Bolar. On bill (S. 1398) granting an increase of pension to Andrew J..
Bolivar. On joint resolution (S. Res. 43) for the erection of a bronze
equestrian statue to Simon
Boetater. On bills (H. R. 4440 and S. 1421 j granting a pension to John..
Bowen. On bUl (S. 1625) for the relief of William
Boyle, administrator of the estate of Marcus Radich, deceased. On the
petition of T. J. (To accompany bill S. 975)
Bradbury. On petition of Dr. P. W
Bradbury. On bills (S. 2165 and H. R. 875) granting a pension to P. W. .
Brewster. On bill (S. 651) to authorize the President to restore to his
former rank in the Army Charles..
Brewster. On bill (S. 651) to authorize the President to restore to his
former rank in the Army Charles _-
Brewster. On the petition of Charlotte
Bridge at or near Georgetown. (On bill S. 1447. ) {See Potomac River) . .
Bridger. On bill (S. 380) for the relief of James
Brisbine. On bill (H. R. 6542) granting a pension to Harriets *
Brisbois. On bill (S. 1119) for the relief of John W -
Bronaon. On bill (S. 359) granting a pension to Samuel P
Brooks. On bill (S. 1656) granting an increase of pension to Thomas S
Broome. On bill (S. 1726) granting a pension to John M _.
Brott. On bill (S. 2005) authorizing the Court of Claims to investigate
the claim of (>eorge F..
Brown. On petition of Oeorge
Brown. On bill (S. 2244) granting a pension to James
Brown and others. On bill (S. 337) granting pensions to Wilson W
Browne. On bill f H. R. 1751 ) increasing the pension of William R
Browne. On bill (H. R. 1751) increasing the pension of William R
Brownell. On bill (S. 773) granting a pension to Mrs. Kady
Buck. On petition of citizens of Middlesex, Vt., for an increase of pen-
sion to William H. H
Bnllard. On bill (S. 1173) granting a pension to Catharine
Bollock, deceased. On bill (S. 1629) giving a military record to John C. .
Bandy. On biU (S. 543) for the relief of Martin L
Burch. On biU (S. 1744) for the relief of Mrs. Martha L
Bnrchard. On bill (H. R. 1800) for the reUef of J. L
Burean of Statistics of Labor. On bill (S. 140) to establish a
Burnett. On bill (S. 1388) granting an increase of pension to General
WardB
Burnett. On biU (H. R. 4682) granting a pensioii to Wfod B. (Views of
the minority)
Burrington. On petition of Anna :
500
690
303
499
344
578
827
647
390
594
441
649
567
357
486
32
378
776
392
756
335
16
343
728
364
442
759
154
21
763
596
29
757
741
588
522
729
361
559
764
524
291
219
384
58
460
583
102
211
543
666
7
2
4
3
5
7
7
3
7
3
7
5
3
3
1
3
7
3
7
2
1
2
7
3
7
2
1
7
7
1
7
7
7
4
7
3
5
7
4
2
2
3
1
3
7
1
4
7
VI
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
BurweU. On bill (S. 971) for the relief of Mra. PriscUla W
BurweU. On bill (S. 972) for the relief of Priscilla W
Bjers & Co. On bill (S. 938) confirming the right to take and use water
from the Umatilla River, on the Umatilla ^seryation, in Oregon, to
W.S
c.
Caddy. On bill (8. 1694) granting a pension to Charles
Cadis. On bill (S. 928) granting a pension to Sarah
Cage, and the minor heirs of Albert G. Cage. On bill (S. 631) for the relief
of Duncan 8 -
Caffey. On bill (S. 513) granting a pension to James
Caldwell, administratrix of John H. Caldwell. On bill (S. 678) for the
relief of Amelia B •*
Caldwell. On bill (H. R. 554) granting a pension to Joseph T
California. On bill (S. 809) for the relief of the State of.
California. On bill (S. 2191) for the relief of the State of
Callahan, of Hnntsville, Ala. On bill (S. 1034) for the relief of Mr
Cameron. On bill (S. 1347) for the relief of the sufferers by the loas of
the Government steamer J. Don
Camp Douglas Military Reservation in the Territory of Utah. On bill
(S. 478) authorizing the Secretary of War to relinquish to the Interior
Department certain parts of the -
Canfield. On bill (S. 996) granting a pension to David C
Cannon, tents, and muskets. On joint resolution (H. Res. 209) granting
to ex-Union soldiers for reunion purposes the use of
Capella. On petition of Miguel..
Carlyle. On bill (S. 375) for the relief of George H
Carran. On bill (S. 936) granting a pension to Philenda
Carroll. On bill (S. 2092) for the relief of Mrs. Sallie
Carson. On bill (S. 12) for the relief of Elizabeth
Carter. On bill (S. 831) for the relief of Dr. Robert
Cassard. On joint resolution (S. Res. 63) in relation to Augustus J
Vol.
Cassidy. On bill (S. 298) for the relief of Mrs. Maigaret.
Caswell. On bill (H. R. 2473) for the relief of Margaret A
Cator, surviving partner of the firm of Aymar & Co. On bill (S. 1665) for
the relief of John W _
Cavendish. On joint resolution (S. Res. 60) granting condemned cannon
to the town of
Chaplains in the Army. On bill (S. 469) to increase the pay of
Chapman. On bill (H. R. 5686) granting a pension to Sarah J
Charlotte, N. C. On joint resolution (H. Res. 236) to loan flags, &c, to
the city of
Chase. On bill (S. 1603) to increase the pension of James J
Chatfield. On bill (S. 1299) to increase the pension of Alonzo B
Chawning. On bill (S. 1270) for the relief of Mrs. Mary H
Cherokee Reservation. On bill (S. 1574) relative to the -
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. On bill (S. 1212) to authorize the exten-
sion of the
Chesapeake and Ohio Rail way Company. On bill ( H. R. 4977) to authorize
the extension of the 1 '
Cheshire. On bill (H. R. 5258) granting a pension to Thomas
Chewning. On bill (H. R. 837) granting a pension to Reuben J
Chippewa Indians.' On bill (S. 1^4) providing for the allotment of lands
in severalty to certain _ __
Chouteau. On bill (S. 371) for the relief of Charles P...
Cinnabarand Clark's Fork Railroad Company. On bill (S. 1373) granting
right of way to the _
Citizens' Bank of Louisiana. On bill (S. 85) for the relief of the
Citizens' Bank of Louisiana. On bill (S. 85) for the relief of the. Views
of the minority. (Part 2) _ __
Claims reported by the accounting officers of the United States as allowed
under the act of July 4, 1864, and acts amendatory thereof
208
381
290
622
626
678
752
158
550
387
266
162
359
653/
464
70
470
459
5
327
201
8
648
353
251
120
663
483
732
371
491
287
316
687
630
848
380
117
239
403
403
656
1
1
3
2
7
7
7
7
3
4
3
2
3
7
3
1
3
3
1
2
2
1
7
2
1
7
3
7
3
4
2
7
7
7
3
1
2
3
3
7
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
VII
Subject.
Claxk. On bill (H. R. 4694) granting a pension to James
Cbrk. On bill (S. 2105) authorizing the President of the United States to
Appoint and place on the retired list, as chief engineer of the Navy,
Paned Assistant Engineer Nathan 6
Clark & CJo. On bill (S. 1384) for the relief of James S
Clark and Sayles J. Bowen. On bill (S. 1274) for the relief of Reuben B.
Clements. On bill (H. R. 570) granting a pension to M. H
Cloud. On bill (S. 260) for the relief of James
Cochran. On bill (S. 1481) for the relief of O. L.
OogswelL OnbiUrS. 64) for the relief of Wilbur F
Colorado. On bill (S. 74) for the relief of the State of-
Colored people. On bill (S. 1464) creating a commission to inquire into
and report upon the material, industrial, and intellectual progress made
by the -
CoUina. On bill (S. 1122) for leUef of Michael H
Oombs and others. On bill (S. 87O) for the relief of R. O. (To accompany
bills 8. 870and 2250) .—
Comprobat On bill (S. 1463) for the relief of David
Comstock. On lull (8. 1242) for the reUef of Elizabeth
Congo conntiy, in Africa. On S. Mis. Doc 59 and S. Joint Res. 68 relat-
ing to the
OongTHwional elections. {See Federal elections)
OonnoUy. On bUl (H. R. 2858) for the relief of John
Constitotioai of the United States. On joint resolution (S. Res. 19) pro-
posing an amendment to the -
Cook. On bill (S. 1530) for the relief of the estate of John
Cook. On bill (H. R. 5088) for the relief of Magdalena
Cook. On biU (S. 665) for the relief of Patrick
Cooper. On bill (H. R. 5889) granting a pension to Alonzo
Cooper, deceased. On joint resolution (S. Res. 39) correcting the mili-
tarj record of Wickliffe '.
Copiah County, Mississippi. On investigation of alleged occurrences in..
Copiah County, Mississippi On investigation of alleged occurrences in.
Views of the minority. (Part 2) .. .
Oorbin. On bill (H. R. 4526) granting a pension to Ann
CorbiiL On bOl (S. 427) for the relief of Thomas G
Coronna, Taussig & Co. On bill (S. 453) for the relief of.
Corte de Madera del Presidio. On bill (S. 2124) relative to the land in
Marin County, California, known as
Court of Claims. On Senate resolution of February 7, 1884, referring cer-
tain bills and petitions to the
Crane. On bill (H. R. 1930) granting a pension to Sarah NiooU
Cranston. On bill (S. 514) for the relief of S. B...
Craven. On bill (S. 1228) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. Marie
Louise - 1
Crawford. On bill (H. R. 4457) granting a pension to J. G
Croishaw. On bUl (S. 389) for the relief of A. L. H
Croan. On bill (S. 461) granting a pension to Warren
Crocker. On bill (S. 862) for the reUef of Uriel
Crook. On bill (S. 458) for the reHef of William H
Crozier. On bill (H. R. 1965) granting a pension to John A
Crudington. On bill (S. 921) tor the reUef of Elyah
Crumpacker. On bill (S. 682) to rerate the pension of Zelora
Cummin^i & Co. On bill (S. 70) for the relief of Joseph M
Cummins. On bill (H. R. 314) for the relief of John W
Culley. On bill (H. R. 1615) for the relief of the heirs of the late Lang-
B -
ley
Cnimingham. On bill (S. 202) for the relief of John L
Cutter. On bill (H. R. 3188) granting a pension to Amanda
Dakota. On bill (S. 1682) relative to the admission into the Union of
the Territory of --
883
841
457
238
475
149
166
351
U
444
173
572
558
292
393
746
574
399
537
898
176
882
321
512
512
834
178
132
*485
156
699
620
597
867
546
627
505
144
855
181
375
168
786
876
471
617
320
Vol.
7
3
2
3
2
2
3
1
3
2
5
5
2
3
7
5
3
4
7
2
7
2
4
4
7
2
1
2
7
7
7
7
4
7
4
1
7
2
3
2
7
7
3
7
2
*I]i Ilea of No. 1, which wm reooounltted to the Committee on Pablio Luids December 10, 1888.
VIU
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Dalzel. On petition of James M ._
Dame. On bill (H. R. 3307) granting a pension to Harriet P .
Danville, Va. On Senate resolutions of January 29 and Febmaiy 4, 1884,
relative to events connected with the election at
Danville, Va. On resolution of the Senate to inquire into all the circum-
stances of, and connected with, the allied massacre of colored men at.
Danville, Va. On resolution of the Senate to inquire into all the circum-
stances of, and connected with, the alleged massacre of colored men at.
Views of the minority. (Part 2) _
Davidson. On bill (H. R. 2252) granting a pension to Chiistopher P
Davis. On bill (H. R. 328) for the relief of John P. T
Davis. On bills (H. R. 4368 and S. 1226) granting an increase of pension
ofDr. Samuel _ ._
Dawson. On petition of Joseph
Day. On bill CH. R. 4706) for the relief of Charlotte
Day. On bill (S. 86) for the relief of L. Madison ,
Day. On bill (H. R. 4188) granting a pension to William W
Dayton. On bill (H. R. 1025) granting a pension to Sarah
Dear, deceased. On bill (S. 644) for the relief of the administrator of
John W -•
Dear. On bill (S. 644) for the relief of the administrator of the estate
of John W _
Dederick. On bUl (S. 1019) for the relief of Peter K
Delia Torre, heirs of Peter Delia Torre. On bill (S. 294) for the reUef of
Frank and SusanF - —
Vol.
Dennis. On bill (S. 917) granting a pension to Alida
bUl (H. R. 4383) to
relieve certain soldiers from the
Desertion. On
charge of
Des Moines River lauds. On bill (S. 559) to quiet title of settlers on the.
Dickinson. On bill (S. 276) for the relief of Perez
Dickson. On bill (H. R. 1391) granting a pension to Mary Eliza
Dickson. On bill (H. R. 2017) granting a pension to Walter
District of Columbia. On bill (S. 729) for protection of children in the.
District of Columbia. On bill (S. 1104) relating to the
District of Columbia. On bill (S. 754) in regard to the conveyance and de-
vise of real estate in .'
Dodge. On Senate resolution instructing the Committee on Public Lands
to investigate the issue of scrip to the heirs of Israel
Dodge. On bUl (S. 1339) for the reUef of William C
Dodge. On bill (S. 1832) for the relief of William C
Donahue. On bill fS. 784) granting a pension to James S
Donovan. On bill (S. 349) for the relief of Daniel
Dougherty. On bill (S. 905) granting a pension to Hugh
Douglas Military Reservation in the Territory of Utah. On bill (S. 478)
authorizing the Secretary of War to relinquish to the Interior Depart-
ment certfan parts of the Camp _
Dresser. On bill (H. R. 1065) granting an increase of pension to George F.
Droney. On bill (H. R. 759) granting a pension to Patrick
Dunbar. On bill (S. 993) for the relief of Maria G
Durrant. On bill (H. R. 5457) granting a pension to Alicia .,
Duties. On bill (S. 719) for the refunding of excess of. (See Sugars). ..
Dwight and the legal representatives of Henry W. Taylor. For the relief of
D^iel A
Dye. On bill (H. R. 6589) for the relief of Asa
E.
Eastman. On bill (S. 368) for the relief of Oscar -
i^ton. On bill (S. 468) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. Maiy K. S.
Education. On bill S. 398. {See Schools)
Education and labor. On bill S. 1464. (See Colored people)
Eight-hour law. On bill (S. 2170) relating to the
Elliott. On bill (S. 535) for the relief of the sureties of George F
368
762
241
679
579
691
482
837
125
540
167
531
702
180
663
134
311
229
80^
426
75
712
793
94
136
334
136
377
434
478
177
304
162
656
704
603
674
354
735
881
30
599
101
444
806
408
3
7
2
6
6
7
3
7
1
4
2
4
7
6
1
2
2
7
3
1
7
7
1
1
1
3
3
3
2
2
2
5
7
4
7
3
7
7
1
7
1
3
7
3
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
IX
Subject.
Ellis. On bill (H. R. 2979) granting a pension to Nancy
Ellison. On memorial of Thomas C. (To accompany bill S. 1055)
Emery. On bill (S. 399) for the relief of Albert H _
Enli^, administrator of the estate of Richard Fitzpatrick, deceased.
On petition ofT. M
Erben, United States Navy. On bill (S. 1385) for the relief of Capt. Henry .
Ervin. On bill (S. 1025) for the relief of William
F.
Farlin. On bill (H. R. 1076) granting a pension to Miles 6
Federal elections. On bill (S. 408) concerning. (To accompany bills S. 408
and 2328)
Fenlon. On bill (S. 444) for the relief of Edward
Fenscke. On bill (H. R. 836) granting a pension to John C
Fenton. On biU (S. 1103) for the relief William H
Fiedler. On bill (S. 223) and joint resolution (S. Res. 2) relating to the
claim of Helen M
Fields. On petition of James _ _.
First National Bank of Marion, Iowa. On bill (S. 2230) for the relief of. .
First National Bank of Newton, Massachnsetts. On bill (S. 1331) for the
relief of the
First National Bank. Onbill(S. 1302) for the reliefofthe Portland (Oregon).
First United States Artillery. Onbill(S. 1586) for the reliefofthe surriving
numbers of Company G --
Fish. On bill (S. 264) for the relief of Arthur L
Fish and fisheries on the Atlantic coast. On bill (8. 155) for the pro-
tection of
Fish in the Potomac On bill (H. R. 3108) to protect the
Fisher. On bill (S. 1147) to complete the military record of Alexander..
Fisheries on the Atlantic coast. On bill (S. 155) for the protection of
Fitkin. On bill (H. R. 1986) granting a pension to Frank F
Fitssgerald. On bill (H. R. 2i82) to reinstate on the pension-roll Cornelius .
Flack. On bill (H. R. 3669) granting a pension to Robert M
Flagg. On bill (H. R. 3238} granting a pension to Mrs. Ellen M
Fletcher. On bill (S. 542) for there^ef of John
Fletcher. On petition of John
Florence Masonic Lodge, No. 14. On bill (S. 1568) for the reliefofthe...
Florida. On bill (S. 230) authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to
settle the claim of the State of
Fluke. On bill (H. R. 5999) granting additional pension to George H...
Foley. On bill (H. R. 4530) granting a pension to Patrick
Ford. On bill (8. 978) to rerate the pension of John A
Ford. On bill (S. 783) for the relief of WUliam G
Ford, administrator of John G. Robinson, deceased. On bill (S. 864) for
the relief of William G..
Foreign relations. On bill (S. 1158) for the repression of the opium traffic.
Foreign tariff. On the second branch of Senate resolution of Januaiy
22, 1884, relative to discriminationsagainst the importation of American
products
Foreigners and aliens under contract to perform labor in the United States.
On bill (H. R. 2550) to prohibit the importation and migration of
Fort Bid well Military Reservation for cemetery purposes. On bill (S.
1845) authorizing the Secretary of War to set apart certain lands at the.
Fort Hays (Kansas) Military Reservation. On bill (H. R. 578) to author-
ize the sale of a certain portion of the _
Fort Selden Military Reservation. On bill (S. 206) granting the Rio
Grande, Mexico and Padfid Railroad Company right of way through the.
Fort Smith, Arkansas. On bill (S. 768) for the relief of the National
Bank of Western Arkansas, at
Foster. On bill (H. R. 6766) relating to the pension of the widow of
Mig. Gen. JohnG. (Views of the minority )
Foster. On bill (H. R. 6770) proposing an amendment making an ap-
propriation to compensate John W
629
116
46
347
190
682
541
7
1
1
3
2
7
746
7
270
2
864
7
183
2
111
1
409
3
701
7
326
2
573
5
511
4
659
7
365
3
700
7
104
1
706
7
618
7
860
7
538
4
595
7
329
2
634
7
585
7
109
1
643
7
875
7
725
7
146
1
490
3
394
3
561
5
620
7
528
4
514
4
451
3
844
7
718
7
566
5
INDEX TO REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Fourth of July claims. {Se^ Claims)
Frailey and De Verae. On bill (S. 1393) for the relief of.
Frambesand others. On petition of Maylon C -
Francesco. On bill (S. 1033) for the relief of Eliza
Franklin, executor of the last will of John Armfi^ld. On bill (S. 491) for
thereliefof John W 1
Fraser. On bill (S. 830) for the relief of John
Freeman. On bill (S. 1526) for the relief of Mary A
French. On petition of Mary J -
French spoliation claims. On bill (S. 250 )re]ating to the
Frick. On bill (S. 1920) to authorize the President to appoint as an
assistant surgeon in the United States Army Dr. A. P
Frick. On bill (S. 82) for the relief of George —
Fuller. On bill (H. R. 5795) increosing the pension of Charles A
G.
Galbraith. On petition of citizens of Iowa in &yor of granting a pen-
sion to David
Galbraith. On bill (H. R. 4818) for the relief of Rose Ann
Galloup. On bill (H. R. 555) granting a pension to John
Gamble. On bill (S. 436) for the relief of William J
Gano. On bill (S. 587) granting a pension to Phineas
General Land Office. On bill (S. 554) to promote the efficiency of the
General Land Office. On bill (S. 502) to increase the salary of the Com-
missioner and to create certain offices in the
Georgia. On bill (8. 595) to repay the State of_
Georgia. On bill (S. 601) to provide for the hearing and determining of
certain claims of the State of
Georgia. On bill (S. 1948) to require the payment of cash to the State of. .
Gibson. On bill (S. 922) for the relief of John
Gilmore. On bill (S. 2321) for the relief of Bessie S
Ginesi. On bill (S. 571) for the relief of C
Ginn. On petition of Anna. (To accompany S. 2350)
Glasgow, Mo. On bill (S. 382) for the relief of the city of.
Glass. On bill (S. 662) relative to Commander Henry
Glick. On bill (S. 1971) granting a pension to Mrs. Catharine H
Goddard. On bill (H. R. 5544) for the relief of Laura
Golden. On bill (H. R. 5070) granting a pension to Temple
Golladay and John W. Bowling. On bill (S. 171) for the relief of J. S—
Gordon. On bill (S. 650) for the relief of Elizabeth
Governors of Territories. On bill (H. R. 4713) relating to appointment of.
Goyaux. On bill (S. 588) for the relief of the estate of Lucien
Grammar. On the petition of citizens of Howell County, Missouri, asking
thatapension be granted to John W
Grand Army Posts. On bill (S. 1219) to donate condemned cannon to
various -
Grand Army of the Republic. On bill (S. 1522) granting cannon to R.
H. Graham Post of the.
Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Michigan. On bill (S. 2076)
to donate condemned cannon-balls to Post 41
Grant. On bill (S. 1972) for the reHef of Edway A
Gray. On bill (S. 1339) granting a pension to Frank
Gray. On bill (S. 1208) for the relief of William G
Grivot. On bill (S. 87) for the relief of the heirs of Maurice
Groves. On bill (S. 1593) granting a pension to Joseph
Guilbeau. On bill (S. 520) for the relief of Francis
Gwynne. On bill (S. 1360) granting a pension to Nina D
No.
H.
Haeberle. On bill (8. 1865) granting a pension to Mrs. Minna.
Hagadom. On petition of F. L...
790
628
866
92
28
150
Vol.
656
7
282
2
165
2
57
1
41
1
69
1
623
7
556
5
306
2
446
3
55
1
822
7
7
7
7
1
I
2
151
2
124
1
207
2
592
7
184
2
789
7
113
1
809
7
22
1
140
1
783
7
889
7
692
7
492
4
83
1
496
4
516
4
717
7
248
2
249
2
507
4
681
7
467
3
739
7
68
1
448
3
122
1
412
3
723
7
308
2
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XI
Subject.
HMkeU.
HifleU.
Haasell.
HAle, administrator. On bill (S. 1254) for the relief of Apollos
Haley. On bUl (S. 798) for the relief of WUliam D
Hall. OnbUl (S. 473) for the relief of Francid
Hall. On bill (H. R. 2091) granting a pension to Rebecca
Hall. On bill (S. 1430) granting a pension to Sarah C
HalL On bill (S. 788) for the relief of Warren
Hamlin. On bill (H. R. 2070) granting a pension to Decator
Hammer. On bill (H. R. 1977) for the relief of Maria L
Hanoockf administrator of J. J. Polliman, deceased, for the relief of W. J.
Harbin. On bill (S. 1099) for the relief of Thomas M
Harp. On bill (S. 1177) granting an increase of pension to G^orgetta
Hargrave. On bill (8. 361) granting a pension to John C
Harper's Ferry. On bill (H. R. 16&) authorizing and directing sale of
the real estate and riparian rights now owned by the United States at..
Harriman. On bill (H. R. 5485) granting a pension to Mrs. Samantha..
Harris. On bills (S. 1325 and H. R. 2136) granting an increase of pen-
sion to Martin C _
Harris. On bill (H. R. 433) to increase the pension of Simpson
Harrison. On bill (H. R. 1^25) granting a pension to Helen M ^.
Hart. On bill (S. 557) for the relief of John A
Harvey. On bill (H. R. 1491) granting a pension to Sarah L
On bill (S. 1627) granting a pension to Flavia A
On bill (S. 429) granting an increase of pensi<m to Laura C. T.
On bill (8. 1118) forthe reUef of Louisa H
On bill (H. R. 6085) granting a pension to John A...
Ha^eld. On biU (8. 295) for the relief of Alfred G
Hawaiian Islands. On joint resolution (S. Res. 27) relating to the reci-
procity treaty of January 30, 1875, between the United States and the
of the
Islands. On joint resolution (8. Res. 27) relating to the reci-
procity treaty of January 30, 1875, between the United States and the
King of the. (Part 2) _.
Hawk. On bill (8. 1437) to remove the charge of desertion from the
military record of David A
Hawk. On bill (H. R. 284) forthe reHefof Mary G
Hawkins. On bill (U. R. 2358) granting a pension to James
Hawkins. On bill (H. R. 3838) granting a pension to Theodore C
Hawley A Sons. On bill (S. 1170) for the relief of Richard
Hays. On bill (S. 939) for the relief of Ezra
Hays. On bUl (8. 356) for the reUef of MiUieE
Henderson. On bill (H. R. 503) granting a pension to Hiram C
Henderson. On petition of Matilda —
Henry. On bill (H. R. 2425) granting a pension to Catharine
Henry. On bill (H. R. 4767) granting a pension to Mary A
Henry and others. On bill (8. 537) for the relief of J. A
Hercher. On bill (8. 2193) granting a pension to Ferdinand
Hess. On bill (S. 1444) granting a pension to William J
Hill. On bill (8. 1419) for the relief of Rupert G
Hilliard. On bill (8. 1363) granting a pension to Frank 8..:.
Hillman. On bill fS. 1859) granting a pension to Clarinda 8
Hinman. On bill (8. 1676) granting a pension to John F
Hlnn. On bill (S. 745) granting a pension to Lewis -_
Hobson. On bill (8. 677) for the relief of Hadley
Hogarty. On bUl (8. 642) for the relief of William P
Hollyfield. On bill (8. 485) granting a pension to L. V-_
Hplroyd. On bill (8. 1366) for the relief of Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth
Hopperton. On bill (8. 1225) granting a pension to Mary
Horan. (hi bill (H. R. 283) granting a pension to Patrick
Horgon. On biU (H. R. 4164) for the relief of Ellen
Horwitz, trustee of C. D. De Ford & Ck>. On bill (8. 562) for relief of...
Hoose of Representatives. Authorizing the alteration of a word in the
enroUed bUl (H. R. 2344) for the reUef of Melissa O. Polar
No.
Vol.
216
1
2
lOo
1
52
1
869
7
777
7
269
2
890
7
792
7
520
4
309
2
740
7
54
1
770
7
817
7
•
744
7
646
7
610
7
196
2
668
7
765
7
258
2
273
2
810
7
119
1
78
76
716
439
3
877
7
815
7
530
4
274
2
202
2
77
1
880
7
370
3
798
7
852
7
17
1
644
7
664
7
386
3
509
4
685
7
480
3
163
2
677
7
157
2
260
2
440
3
560
5
602
7
639
7
502
4
XII
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Howard. On biU (H. R. 601) for the relief of Hiram M
Howard. On bUl (S. 1071) for the relief of JamesR
Huckaby. On biU (S. 1267) for the relief of Alfred
Haested. On bill (S. 615) granting arrears of pension to Wellington V..
Haghes. On bill (S. 314) granting a pension to John C
Hnmmer. On bill (S. 1176) granting a pension to John K
Hunt. On bill (S. 1290) granting a pension to William H
Hunter. On bill (H. R. ^93) granting a pension to Ann
Hunter. On bill (H. R. 1897) granting a pension to Catherine
Hurst. On bUl (S. 968) for the relief of Fielding
Husband. On bill (H. R. 5894) granting a pension to Mrs. Maiy Morris..
I.
Idaho. On bill (S. 1304) to authorize the Secretary of War to ascertain
the expenses incurred in the suppression of Indian hostilities by the
Territorial authorities and the people of... _
Indian Territory and the State of Texas. On bill f H. R. 1565) to author-
ize the appointment of a commission to run and mark the boundary
lines between a portion of the
Indians who were parties to the treaty at Buff&lo Creek, New York. On
bill (S. 467) to provide for a settlement with the
Ingersol. On petition of Norman J
Inspector-General's Department of the Army. On bill (H. R. 1017) in
relation to the
Iowa Indian Reservation in the States of Kansas and Nebraska. On bill
(S. 1108) to provide for the sale of the
Irvine & Field. On petition of the personal representatives of
Irving. On bill (H. R. 6677) to increase the pension of William
No.
616
7
587
7
285
2
259
2
85
1
218
2
722
7
884
7
799
7
349
3
710
7
J.
Jacobs.
Jacobs.
Jaeger.
Jarboe.
Jarratt.
On petition of Mrs. Electa W
On petition of Enoch. (To accompany bill S. 1983)
On bill rS. 439) for the relief of George A
On bill (S. 279) granting a pension to Alfred M
On bill (S. 492) for the relief of Sallie
Jeannette. On bill (S. 1039) for the relief of the survivors of, and the
widows and children of those who perished in the retreat from the
wreck of the exploring steamer
Jeffers. On bill (1337) granting an increase of pension to Lucy L. G
Jeflfrey. On bill (S. 756) for the relief of Rosa Vertney
Jehle. On bill (S. 777) granting a pension to Albert
Jennings. On bill (S. 510) for the relief of B
Jobes. On bill (S. 1696) to increase the pension of Richard
Jobes. On bill (H. R. 6530) to increase the pension of Richard
Johnson and ol^hers. On bill (S. 2099) for the relief of Hiram
Jones. On bill (S. 1222) for the relief of John
Jones. On bill (S. 269) for the relief of M. P.
Jones. On bill (H. R. 394) granting a pension to Mrs. Mary C.
Jones. On bill (S. 273) for the relief of the administrator of the estate of
Thomas ,
Joyce. On bill (S. 837) for the relief of Mary
Judge-advocates. On bill (S. 899) to provide promotion in the corps of.
(To accompany bills S. 899 and 1541)
Judge-advocates. On bills (S. 838, 899, 1541) to provide promotions in
the corps of
Judges. On bill (S. 178) to repeal section 714 of the Revised Statutes
allowing pensions to
Judicial districts in the State of Texas. On bill (H. R. 6074) to change
the eastern and northern
Judflon. On joint resolution (S. Res. 3) for the relief of the widow and
children of John W
407
576
Vol.
761
7
450
3
847
7
232
2
48
1
888
7
268
2
419
3
34
1
84
1
333
2
143
1
557
5
396
3
89
1
198
2
631
7
675
7
466
3
296
2
25
1
632
7
123
1
82
1
189
2
221
2
10
1
575
5
802
7
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XIII
Subject.
K.
KaXer. On bill (H. R. 2312) granting a pension to Almira B
Kane. On bill (H. R. 6529) for the relief of John
Kansas. On bill (S. 1527) directing the Secretary of War to deliver four
pieces of Napoleon gnns to the governor of
Kansas. On bill (S. 551) to extend the laws of the United States over
certain nnorganiased territory south of the State of.
Kansas City, Fort Soott and Gnlf Railroad Company. On joint resolu-
tion (S. Res. 21) for the relief of the _
Kelley. On bill (H. R. 1056) granting a pension to Honora
Kellogg. On bill (S. 545) for the relief of the widow of Col. Lyman M..
Kelly. On bill (S. 909) to increase pension to Martin
KenoCsky. On petition of Martin. (To accompany bill S. 1596)
Keys. On bill (S. 1798) for the relief of Edward L
Key West, Fla. On bill (S. 779) for a survey and estimate for a railroad
from the mainland to
Kilpatrick. On bills (H. R. 4707 and S. 1657) granting a pension to
LoniAa y. de _ -_
King. On bill (H. R. 267) granting a pension to James
King. On bill (H. R. 2049) granting a pension to James
Kingsbury. On bOl (S. 1140) for the relief of Lieut. George W
Kinkead. On bUl (8. 1580) for the relief of John H
Kinney, administrator of David Ballentine. On bill (S. 392) for the re-
lief of Joseph
Kirk. On bill (S. 962) granting a pension to James M
Knowles. On bill (S. 1107) for the reUef of John A
Konkle. On bill (H. R. 4568) granting a pension to Andrew J
Kramer. On joint resolution (H. Res. 17) authorizing the appointment
and retirement in the Navy of the United States of Samuel
L.
Labor. On bill (S. 140) toestablish a Bureau of Statistics of.
Lally. On bill (S. 1181) granting a pension to Ann
Land grants. On bill (S. 1445) relating to forfeited
Landram. On bill (S. 1719) to rerate the pension of Lawrence P. H..-»
Lands. On bill (S. 60) to declare subject to taxation certain
(Mich.) Women's Soldiers' Monument Association. On bill (S.
2075) granting condemned cannon to the..-
Lanffer. On bUl (H. R. 1075) granting a pension to Caroline. -_
Lanter. On biU (H. R. 2400) for the relief of Judith
Lawler. On bill (H. R. 229) granting a pension to Elizabeth H
Leather. On bill (S. 253) for the relief of John
Lee. On bill (H. R. 1752) granting a pension to Maria L ^
Lee. On bill (H. R. 1073) granting a pension to William J
Leet On bill (H. R. 2608) granting a pension to Mrs. Sarah..
Leissring. On bill (H. R. 5636) granting an increase of pension to Otto.
Lennon. On bill (8. 976) to increase the pension of Peter
Lennon. On bill (H. R. 796) for the increase of the pension of Peter...
Leon. On bill (S. 1411) for the relief of Santiago de
Lescbot. On bill (S. 419) for the extension of letters patent to the heirs
of Rudolph
Letter-carriers. On bill (S. 1727) to grant leaves of absence to
Lewis. On bill (S. 1858) increasing the pension of Henrietta A. (Views
of the minority )
Lewis. On bill fS. 690) for the relief of Mary A
Lewis. On bill (H. R. 819) sranting an increase of pension toMerritt...
Lewis. On bill (H. R. 4700ygranting a pension to Simon E
Lewis, administrator of Gabriel Nendecker. On bill (S. 1417) authoriz-
ing the Commissioner of Patents to extend letters patent numbered
70012 to
Lockwoodand others. On petition of Bel va A --
849
794
253
90
Vol.
711
7
7
14
1
832
7
256
2
231
2
206
2
445
3
415
3
5C1
4
784
7
800
7
160
2
561
5
40
1
469
3
182
2
863
7
102
1
754
7
305
2
667
7
88
1
506
4
611
7
598
7
755
7
47
1
896
7
821
7
651
7
840
7
360
3
614
7
518
4
213
2
456
3
719
7
71
1
818
7
856
7
400
3
169
2
%
XIV
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
569
658
295
749
250
Long and Mrs. Mary K. Brevard. On bill (S. 1233) for the relief of Mrs.
Ellen CaU
Lottery advertisements. On bill (S. 1017) to prohibit the mailing of
newspapers and other publications containing
Louisville, Ky. On bill (S. 1978) relating to the partition of certain land
in
Love and WyaU Gilschrist. On bill (H. R. 1714) for the relief of Over-
ton .
Low. On bill (8. 1418) for the relief of EvalinaT •-
Lynch. On bill (8. 823) for the relief of Thomas
Lyon. On bill (8. 2011) granting b pension to Mary M
Lytle. On bill (8. 1517) granting eight condemned cannon to be used in
the erection of a statue to the memory of General William H
M.
McBlair. On bill (S. 2233) for the relief of John HoUins
McCamey. On bill (H. R. 3331) for the relief of Ann..—
McCay. On bill (8. 313) granting a pension to Charlotte
McClintock. On bill (8. 919) for the relief of John M
McClure. On petition of William
McConnell. Ota bill (H. R. 2623) granting a pension to Arthur I...
McCoy. On bill (H. R. 1436) granting a pension to William T
McCnllach. On bill (H. R. 1411) granting a pension to Martha M. B...
McDougal. On bill (8. 531) granting a pension to CarolineM
McElroy & Proech. On bill (8. 954)forthe relief of.
McFalls. On bill (8. 1446) granting a pension to Lou Gobright
McGowan. On bill (8. 376) for the relief of Henry
McGuckian. On bill (8. 266) granting a pension to Joseph
McKay, George M. Clapp, and the executors of Donald McKay. On bill
(S.724) for relief of Nathaniel
McKenney. On bill (H. R. 5675) granting a pension to Mrs. Susan J
McLaughlin. On bill (H. R. 3737) granting a pension to Ann
McLaughlin. On bill (H. R. 2393) granting a pension to Mrs. Mary
McMahon. On bill (8. 1319) for the relief of Thomas _
McNair. On bill (H. R. 3613) granifng a pension to Ira...
McNamara. On bill (8. 1352) for the relief of WiUiam
McNeills. On bUl (8. 806) for the reUef of John
MacBlair. On bill (H. R. 2677) granting a pension to Mary P
MacDougaL On bill (S. 604) for the relief of George
Mack. On the bill (H. R. 2536) granting a pension to Michael
Maddox and others. On bill (8. 1073) for the relief of Joseph H
Maddox and others. On bill (8. 2209) for the relief of Joseph H
Madison Female Academy, of Richmond, Ky. On bill (8. 1130) for the
relief of
Maies. On bill {S. 1923) granting a pension to Clarissa T
Mail contractors. On joint resolution (8. Res. 13) to pay certain South-
em
Mails. On bill (8. 1450) to devise a more complete system of ganging the
rates of pay for carrying the
Mallory. On bill (8. 10^) granting a pension to Sally
Manchester, Ky. On bill (8. 13) for the relief of owners of certain salt-
works near
Manning. On petition of William H _
Marden. On bill (8. 1823) granting a pension to Ebeneser K
Marion, Iowa. On bill (8. 2230) for the relief of the First National Bank
of-
Marion. On bill (8. 990) granting pension to John D
Marsh. On bUl (8. 1031) for the relief of W. C
Marshall. On act of Congress of March 10, 1882, to authorize the erec-
tion of a statue of Chief-Justice
Marshall. On bill (H. R. 569) granting a pension to Reuben
Marti. On bill (H. R. 4697) for the relief of Rudolph John
Vol.
1
2
5
5
7
2
7
688
7
731
'7
300
2
224
2
374
3
823
7
829
7
753
7
340
2
365
3
853
7
37
1
220
2
591
7
830
7
816
7
645
7
215
2
779
7
225
2
197
2
562
5
397
3
801
7
547
4
589
7
204
2
525
4
322
2
379
3
62
1
99
1
127
1
a3i
7
701
7
449
3
272
2
544
4
474
3
604
7
INDEX TO REPORXa OF COMMITTEES.
XV
Subject.
Mirtin. On petition of James
Maryland and Viiginia. Oq bill (S. 961) to provide for paying certain
advances made to the United States by the States of
Hasten. On bill (S. 506) for the relief of Claude H
May. On bill (S. 1844) icran ting a pension to Bohn T
Mayer. On petition of Fredrick
Maynadier. On bUl (S. 300) for the reUef of M%j. WUliamM'.
Meands. On bill (S. 742) granting a pension to Nathan L
Meats for export. On bill (S. 1876) providing for an inspection of
Medical Department of the Army. On bill (S. 345) relative to promotions
in the -
Medical Dejiartment of the Army.* On bill (8. 789) relative to computing
the longevity pay of officers of the
Meech. On bill (S. 711) granting a pension to Phoebe H
Meier. On bill (S. 546) granting a reratingof pension to Jacob
Meis. On bill (H. R. 5976) for the relief of Catharine
Menomonee tribe of Indians in the State of Wisconsin. On bill (S. 460)
to authorize the sale of timber on certain lands reserved for the use
of the
Merchants On bill (S. 602) granting a pension to Sarah Lupkin
MerrilL On bill (S. 2168) for the relief of Ayres P
Methodist Episcopal Churches. On monoriais of the trustees of various
Methodist Episcopal Churches in the State of Virginia...
Meyer. On bUl (S. 558) for the relief of Isaac A.
Middleton. On bill (H. R. 2702) for the leUef of EUida J. (Views of the
minority)
Military academy west of the Mississippi River. On resolution of the
Senate of December 5, 1883, instructing the Committee on Indian Af-
fiurs to inquire into the policy and expediency of creating a
Military Reservation at Fort Smith, Ark. On bill (S. 258) donating to
the city of Fort Smith a part of the abandoned
Military reservations. On bill (S. 1581) relating to abandoned
Militaiy reservations. On bill (S. 1581) for the disposal of abandoned
and useless
Militia. On bill (S. 156) to provide arms for the
MUlard. On bill (H: R. 3936) forthe lelief of Benjamin F
Miller. On bills (S. 1674 and H. R. 4417) granting a pension to Jacob..
MiUer. On bUl (S. 494) for the relief of Nancy
Miller. On bill (S. 1361) giving a military record to Thomas
Millikin. On biU (H. R. 4492) for the relief of Mrs. Pauline £
Mills. On bill (S. 735) for the relief of Charles S
Milaom, Henry Spendelow, and Geoige V. Watson. On petition of G^ige.
(To accompany bill S. 638)
Milsom, Henry Spendelow, and G^rge V. Watson. On petition of George.
(To accompany bill S. 63a) (Part 2)
MUaom, Henry Spendelow, and Geoige V. Watson . On petition of George.
(To accompany biUS. 638.) (Part 3)
Miner. On the bill (H. R. 1077) granting a pension to Sarah
Minor, administrator of the estate of John Saf. On bill (S. 422) for the
relief of Isaac - -
Missouri. On bill (S. 940) relating to the daims of the State of.
Missouri Home Guards. On bill (S. 1518) to furnish certificates of dis-
charige to certain members of ,
Mississippi River improvements
Mobile Marine Dock Company. On bill (S. 714) for the relief of.
Mobile and Ohio Railroad Company. On joint resolution (S. Res. 4) to
provide forthe settlement of accounts with the
Moline, HL On bUl (S. 1522) granting cannon to the R. H. Graham Post
of the Grand Army of the Republic of.-
Monitor. On bill (S. 867) for the relief of the officers and crew of the
United States steamer
Monroe. On bill (S. 156) granting a pension to Emily -.
Vol.
758
680
843
636
715
110
81
345
341
317
695
298
826
60
696
521
489
112
713
348
9
193
242
61
529
671
51
271
886
38
79
79
79
871
96
108
214
36
565
217
249
153
56
7
7
7
7
1
1
3
2
7
2
7
1
7
4
3
1
1
2
2
1
4
7
1
2
7
1
1
7
1
1
1
5
2
1
XVI
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Montague. OnbiU (S. 726) for the relief of Calvin S
Montana. On bill (S. 1706) to accept and ratify an agreement with cer-
tain Indian tribes for the sale of a portion of their reservation in the Ter-
ritory of -
Montana. On bill (S. 1921) authorizing the Secretary of War to adjust
and settle the account for arms, ammunition, &c., for the Territory of..
Monteith, deceased. On bill (S. 516) to adjust the accounts of John B..
Montgomery. On bill (S. 1356) for the relief of Caroline M._- _.
Montgomery. On bill (S. 896) for the relief of Pearson C
Montgomery. On bill (S. 509) for the relief of the estate of Robert H..
Montgomery. On bill (S. 1047) for the relief of Wesley
Moore, late United States consul at Callao. On joint resolution (S. Res.
37) for the relief of the widow of GcneralJesse H -'_.
Morford. On bill (S. 280) granting a pension to Wesley
Morgan. On bill (S. 2132) for the relief of Thomas P
Moi^n. On bills (S. 63 and 583) for the relief of WiUiam H
Morris. On bUl (S. 2172) for the relief of Mrs. Clara
Morrison. On bill (S. 895) for the relief of J. D
Moses. On bill (S. 1148) for the relief of WUliam B
Moas. On bill (S. 493) for the relief of C. S
Moss. On bill (S. 360) granting a pension to Maria Louise
Mower. On bill (H. R. 137) granting increase of pension to Betsey A
MuUin. On bill (S. 1897) granting a pension to James
Murphy. On joint resolution (S. Kes. 56) for the relief of Martin and P. B. .
Murray. On bill (H. R. 1433) granting a pension to Mary E
Myrick, Joseph and Charles M. Dailey, William H. Forbes, and Louis
Roberto & Co. On biU (S. 2300) for the relief of Nathan
N."
Nance. On bUl (S. 758) for thereUef of William L
Natchez Protestant Orphan Asylum. On bill (S. 401) for the relief of the.
National Bank of Western Arkansas. {See Fort Smith, Ark. )
National Guard of Alaba ma. (See Al abama National Guard )
National Guard of Alabama. {See Alabama National Guard) .-
National trades- unions. On bill (8. 1457) to legalize the incorporation of.
Naval Academy. On bill (H. R. 2265) to equalize the rank of graduates
of - _
Naval officers. On bill (S. 1385) for the relief of certain
Navy. On bill (S. 698) to authorize the construction of additional steel
vessels for the
Nebraska. On bill (8. 483) for the relief of the State of.
Nebraska and Kansas. On bill (8. 57) for the relief of settlers and pur-
chasers of lands on the public domain in the States of ....
Nevada. On bill (8. 657) to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to
settle and adjust the expense of Indian wars in
Nevada. On bill (S. 655) for the relief of the State of.
Newton, Mass. On bill (8. 1331) for the relief of the First National
Bank of.
New York. On joint resolutions (H. Res. 210 and 8. Res. 86) requiring
the Secretary of War to furnish certain muster-rolls to the governor of
the State of
Nez Perc6 Indians. On bill (8. 512) for the relief of citizens of Oregon,
Washington, Idaho, and Montana who served in connection with the
United States troops in the war with the
Nicholls. On bill (8. 1159) for the relief of Mrs. Eunice 8
Noble. On bill (8. 484) granting a pension to Charles H
Noble. On petition of Samuel
North Carolina. On joint resolution (8. Res. 76) authorizing the Secretary
of War to loan the governor certain tente, &c. , for the use of the militia of.
Northem Pacific Railroad Company. On bill (8. 2036) to forfeit the un-
earned lands granted to the
Northup. On petition of Captain Anson _
103
262
487
3
263
2
600
7
332
2
350
3
336
2
278
2
338
2
488
3
286
2
586
7
223
2
129
1
281
2
297
2
769
7
625
7
472
3
363
3
771
326
747
Vol.
330
2
331
2
844
7
654
7
655
7
857
7
734
7
190
2
161
2
170
2
131
1
406
3
550
4
337
2
742
7
477
3
593
7
417
3
804
7
410
3
I
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XVII
Subject.
Norton. On bill (S. 56) for the relief of Lieut. C. C
Xntt On bill (H. R. 2419) granting a pension to Robert
O.
O'Brien. On bill (H. R. 5888) granting a pension to Ellen
O'Brien. On bill (S. 924) for the relief of First Lieut. M
O'Brien. On bill (S. 1220) for the relief of the heirs of Michael
Officers and employ^ of the two Houses of Congress. To adjust and
equalize the salaries of.
Ogden. On bill (S. 920) for the relief of John
Ohio. On joint resolutions (H. Res. 210 and S. Res. 86) requiring the Sec-
retary of War to furnish certain mnster-roUs to the State of
Oklahoma lands in the Indian Territory. On petitions to open for settle-
ment the
Ord. On bill (H. R. 1569) granting a pension to Mrs. Marv M
Oregon. On bill (S. 511) for the relief of the State of. I
Oregon Central Railroad Company. On bill (S. 428) relating to the act
making a grant in aid of the
Oregon Volunteers. On bill (S. 262) relating to the muster-rolls of the..
O'Shea. On bill (S. 2118) granting a pension to James E
Otis, administrator de bonis non .of Roger A. Hiern. For the relief of
Robert
Overmire. On bill (H. R. 1756) granting a pension to George
P.
Palmer. On bill (H. R. 5553) granting a pension to Isabella
Fftlmer. On bill (S. 1287) for the relief of Juliet H -_
Palmer. On bill (S. 1648) for the relief of Mrs. Sallie H
Parsons A Co., of New York. On letter of
Pate & Co. On biU (8. 528) for the relief of WUliam T :
Patterson. On bill (H. R. 4689) for the relief of Eliza W
Pattison & Caldwell. On bUl (S. 956) for the relief of.
Patton. On bill (S. 828) granting a pension to Thomas
Paymasters* clerks, United States Army. On bill (S. 207) relating to
Paymasters United States Army. On memorial of B. W. Brice and other. _
Pegg. On bill (H. R. 2574) granting a pension to Rosella
Penny. On bill (S. 544) granting an increase of pension toEl^ah W
Pension laws. On bill (S. 1407) to amend the
Pension laws. On bill (S. 1241) providing for certain amendments to the.
Pensions. On Senate resolution directing the Secretary of the Interior to
report the names of all pending applications for
Pensions to judges. On bill (S. 178) to repeal section 714 of the Revised
Statutes allowing _
Ferine, administratrix. On bill (S. 1240) lor the relief of Sarah E. E._
Perry and EHzabeth H. GUmer. On bill (S. 767) for the relief of Colum-
bus F
Pettigiew. On bill (S. 566) for the relief of Z. M...
Peyton. On bill (S. 8) for the relief of F. W
Pfeander. On bill (S. 1053) for the relief of William
Phcenix. On bill (S. 1860) for the relief of Richard
Pickett. On bill (S. 534) for the relief of John T
Pierce. On bill ^H. R. 1985) granting a pension to Melvin
Pierce. On bill (H. R. 4141) granting a pension to Mrs. Rebecca J
Plant. On bUl (S. 448) for the relief of George H -
Plattsburg, N. Y. On bill (S. 733) dedicating the military reservation at.
Plnmmer. On bill (S. 1106) for the relief of Frances H
Polar. On bill (H. R. 2344) for the relief of Melissa G — .
Polar. On House resolution of June 14, 1884, to authorize the clerk to
change the word **of »' in bill (H. R. 2344) for the relief of Melissa G.
Polar. On bill (H. R. 2344) for the relief of Melissa G
Police force of the District of Columbia. On petition of members of the.
Pope. On bill (S. 81) to confirm the title of Beiyamin E
Porch. On bill (H. R. 3294) granting a pension to Emma A
8. Bep. n
900
106
766
13
199
747
64
787
550
358
227
619
461
613
895
672
664
369
86
533
356
246
155
175
899
27
465
568
452
10
205
42
209
65
171
431
429
642
775
236
265
264
420
716
858
128
280
774
7
1
7
1
2
1
7
4
3
2
7
3
7
7
7
5
3
1
4
3
2
2
2
7
1
3
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
3
7
7
2
2
2
3
7
7
1
2
7
XVIII
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Pork. On bill (S. 1876) relating to the exclusion from Germany of Ameri-
can
Pork.
r*can.
Porter.
Porter.
Porter.
On bill (S. 1876) relating to the exclusion from Germany of Ameri-
Views of the minority. (Part 2) -..
OnbUl (6. 158) for the relief of Fitz- John
On bill (8. 158) for the relief of Fitz-John. (Part 2)
On bill (S. 592) for the relief of William '.
Porter and Jamei Porter. On bills (S. 1391 and 2166) for the relief of
Richard H
Portland, Oreg. On bill (S. 1302) for the relief of the First National
Bank of
Post-Office Department. On the amendment intended to be proposed by
Mr. Hoar to the bill (H. R. 5459) making appropriations for the serv-
ice of the
Post- offices and post-roads. On bills (8. 17, 227, and 1016) relative to. (To
accompany S. 2022)
Potomaa On bill (H. R. 3108) to protect fish in the
Potomac River. On bill (S. 1447) to authorize the construction of a bridge
across the
Potter. On bill (if. R. 4822) for the relirfof Frances McNeil. I I.I IIII"
Powell. On bill (8. 949) to amend and correct an act to authorize the
appointment as assistant surgeon in the United States Army of Dr.
Junius L
Powell. On bUl (S. 582) for the relief of W. H
Powers. On bill (8. 716) for the relief of Eliza Howard
Price. On bill (H. R. 3623) granting a pension to Sarah E
Prince. On bill (8. 1680) granting a pension to George
Prine. On bill (8. 986) granting a pension to Laura J
Printz. On bill (H. R. 2660) granting a pension to William
Q.
Quackenbush. a commander in the United States Navy. On bill (S. 1594)
to confirm the status of John N
Quinlan. On the petition of James A
345
345
74
74
87
617
573
430
577
700
154
608
187
307
95
773
382
230
797
R.
275
808
Rail. On bill (S. 723) for the relief of Eugene B 427
Ramsdell. On bill (H. R. 4981) granting a pension to Isabella I 523
Randall. On bill (8. 76) authorizing the President to place on the retired '
list Lieut. WiUiam P 172
Randle. On bill (S. 1842) for the relief of William H 210
Rankin. On bill (H. R. 4431) granting a pension to Leroy C { 673
Rawlins. On bill (S. 329) for the relief of the sureties of the late J. O.. 318
Read. On joint resolution (S. Res. 67) in relation to the claim of Dr. I
JohnB -.-. ; 293
Redd. On bill (S. 170) for the relief of Thomas M. ...1 66
Redmond. On bill (H. R.2346) for the relief of Sarah H : 433
Reed. On bill (H.R.4014) for the relief of Isatlc | 609
Reeder. On bill (S. 931) granting a pension to Amanda F ' 289
Reeves. On bill (S. 352) for the relief of Thomas H | 78
Regan. On bill (H. R. 1631) to increu»e the pension of Matthew 0 772
Registered letters and the payment of money-orders. On bill (S. 1018) i
to amend certain sections of the Revised Statutes authorizing the Post- |
master-General to .prohibit the delivery of I 288
Reid. On bill (8.1184) for the relief of William P ._. i 497
Reifenrath. On bill (S. 998) granting a pension to Hermann 372
Reinhardt. On bill (S. 315) granting a pension to William | 542
Reuss. On petition of Peter J_ __ 1 536
Reynolds. On bill (H. R. 6184) granting a pension to Julia M ' 814
Richmond, Va. On bill (S. 1473) relative to the Government building at. I 142
Richmond, Va. On joint resolution (H. Hes. 223) to loan certain flags, I
&c., to the mayor of j 484
Vol.
3
INDEX TO REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.
XIX
Subject.
No.
Vol.
RickcttB. On bill (S. 2025) for the reHef of John _
Ridcnoor. On biUa (S. 1683 and H. R. 5443) for the relief of Newton C.
Ridgway. On bill (S. 1946) for the relief of Richard C
RiggB. On bill (S. 1840) grantinga pension to S. A..
Ripley. On bill (S. 150) granting increase of pension to Sarah Denny
RiTes. On bill (S. 991> for the relief of J. Henry
Robbina. On bill (H. R. 254) granting a pension to John
Roberts. On bill (H. R. 1894) grantinga pension to Clark _.
Robinson. On bills (S. 1431 and H. R. 2251) to increase the pension of
Dilono
Robinson, administratrix of John M. Robinson. On the petition of Fran-
ces A
RockwelL On bill (S. 927) granting a pension to James
Roden. On bill (H. R. 2543) granting a pension to James
Rodmjm. On bill (S. 1111) granting an increased pension to Sally
RogeiB. On bill (8. 605) granting a pension to Capt. Sanderson H
Rraian Catholic clergymen of the State of Maryland. On bill (S. 1014)
fiorthe relief of
Rose. On bill (8. 717) for the reUef of John G
EoBB. On bOl (H. R. 5259) granting a pension to Julia A
Body. On bill (8. 1866) granting a pension to John T
Rnge. On bill (S. 887) for the relief of Herman
Rng^es. On bill (S. 743) for the relief of Frederick W
Rnggles. On bUl (H. R. 1237) granting a pension to Solomon K
Rutland, Vt. On bill (S. 152aB) donating four condemned mortars, &c.,
to the town of
S.
Sacriste. On bill (8. 1123) to restore to the rank of second lieutenant in
the Army and place on the retired list Louis J
Saint aond Water- Power and Mill Company. On bill (H. R. 6657) au-
thorizing the construction of a dam across the Mississippi River by the.
Salaries ofthe officers and employ^ of the two houses of Congress. To ad-
just and equalize the
Sands. On /> etition of Henrietta M
Sands, Unite d States Navy. On bill (S. 660) for the relief of Commander
James H -
Saratoga monument. On bill (S. 1309) to provide statuary and histori-
cal tablets for the ._ _
Saulpaw. On bill (S. 744) for the reUef of George W
SanndefB and J. A. Decim. On bill (S. 1711) for the relief of Edwin E-.
Saville. On bill (H. R. 2240) to authorize the President to place on the
retired list of the Navy John W _
Sawyer. On bill (H. R. 1998) for the relief of William J
Schatzle. On petition of Philip
Schmidt. On bill (S. 328) for the relief of Alexey Von
Schneider, Charles and Jacob. On petition of
Scbnetberg. On bill (H. R. 1410) granting a pension to Henry
Schools. On bill ^S. 750) granting a pension to Catharine ._
Schools. On bill (S. 398) to aid in the establishment and temporary sup-
port of common _.
Schools. On bill (S. 398) to aid in the establishment and temporary sup-
port of common. (Part 2)
Scott. On bill (S. 62i5) granting an increase of pension to Francis
Scott. On bill (S. 526) granting a pension of $50 per month to Julia T. .
8ch watka and wife. On bill (S. 264 ) for the relief of F. G . -
Skat, administrator. On bill (S. 1072) for the relief of Samuel B
SeaUle, Wash. On bill (8. 1423) making a port of delivery at .--
Seelye, alias Franklin Thompson. On bill (H. R. 5335) granting a pen-
sion to Mrs. Sarah E. E
Sellers. On bill (H. R. 432) to increase the pension of Joseph B
Severe. On bill (S. 1406) for the relief of Simon
584
571
660
738
892
495
861
862
669
121
254
767
838
339
454
130
554
508
679
100
788
252
7
5
7
7
7
4
7
7
1
2
7
7
2
3
1
5
4
7
1
7
383
3
872
7
13
1
720
7
138
1
267
2
657
7
686
7
463
3
780
7
548
4
422
3
391
3
824
7
194
2
101
1
101
1
200
2
721
7
23
1
240
2
276
2
836
7
730
7
534
4
XX
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
No.
Vol.
Shannon.
Shannon.
Shannon.
Shannon.
Shealey.
Seward. On bill (S. 284) granting a pension to Henry J
Seymour. On bill (H. R. 1164) granting a pension to Mary E
Shacklett. On bill (S. 296) for the relief of Harriet W. - _
Shanks. On bill (S. 869) for the relief of John
On bill (S. 88) for the relief of Joseph R _.
On bill (S. 332) for the relief of Thomas B-.
On bill (S. 1114) granting an increase of pension to William.
On bill (S. 1114) granting an increase of pension to William.
On bill (H. R. 2245) granting a pension to Eliza A
Shelby. On petition of Mrs. Susan A..
Shelton. On bill (S. 2026) granting a pension to Elias
Sherlock. On bill ( H. R. 439) granting a pension to Bridget
Sherwood. On bill (H. R. 1970) granting a i>ension to Alice T __
Sheward. On bill (H. R. 4718) granting a pension to Caroline
Shields. On bill ( H. R. 3231 ) granting a pension to Michael
Ship-canal. On bill (S. 1202) to provide for and aid in the construction
and to regulate the operations of a ship-canal in Washington Territory. .
Shuchers. On bill (H. R. 2105) granting a pension to John A
Shurtliflf. On bill (S. 1095) granting a pension to Aaron
Sibley. On bill (S. 1135) for the relief of Henry H
Signal Corps. On joint resolution (H. Res. 179) authorizing the Presi-
dent of the United States to appoint two second lieutenants from the
sergeants of the
Sigsby, United States Navy. On bill (S. 661) for the relief of Commander
Charles D .__
Simonds. On bill (H. R. 5781) granting a pension to Solon L
Sinfield. On bill (H. R. 1042) for the relief of Mrs. Sarah
Sioux or Dakota Indians of Minnesota. On bill (S. 84) to authorize the
Secretary of the Interior to ascertain the amounts due to citizens of
United States for supplies furnished to the
Sioux Nation of Indians. On bill (S. 1755) to divide a portion of the
reservation of the -_
Slawson. On bill (S. 23) amending an act granting apension to John. ..
Slocum. Oto bill (S. 1427) granting a pension to Abby S
Slocumb, Ida A. Richardson, and Caroline Augusta Urquhart. On bill
(S. 630) for the relief of Cora A —
Smiley. On bill (S. 351) for the relief of Alexander
On bills (S. 1777 and 1942) for the relief of Harvey.
On bill (H. R. 6171) granting a pension to Noah E
On bill (S.180) for the relief of Stephen N
On bill (S. 969) for the relief of William J
Societies. On bill (S. 1063) relating to the incorporation of. {See Arts).
Soldiers' Home at Washington, D. C. On Ex. eJoc. 28, being the report
of the Inspector-General of United States Army of an inspection of the. .
Soldiers and sailors of the Northwest. On joint resolution (H. Res. 153)
authorizing the Secretary of War to furnish tents for the use of the fifth
annual reunion of the
Sone and Fleming Manufacturing Company. On bill (S. 410) for the
relief of the ,
Sonensen. On petition of Arent B
Soul6 and his sureties. On bill (S. 336) releasing from liability the es-
tate of the late Frank
South Carolina Military Academy. On bill (8. 1488) authorizing the Sec-
retary of War to supply with camp equipage the
South Carolina. On bill (S. 1412) authorizing the Secretary of War to
settle and adjust the account for arms between the United States and
the State of -
Spain. Relating to the treaty of 1819 with. (To accompany Senate Mis.
Doc. No. 70) -- --
Spence. • On bill (S. 431) for the relief of Sallie A
Spokane Falls and Coeur d' Alene Railway Company. On bill (S. 1642) to
incorporate the
Ipring. On biU (S. 238) for the relief of Hester
Smith.
Smith.
Smith.
Smith.
736
768
67
185
73
4
414
539
879
493
750
782
878
637
885
494
868
606
676
515
139
835
641
35
283
705
891
846
192
745
708
279
438
141
453
247
45
416
261
385
188
893
18
398
26
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XXI
Subject.
Stanly. On petition of CorneliA A
Stannud. On bill (H. R. 2839) to increase the pension of George J
Stork. On bill (S. 1229) for the relief of Jacob H
Stote Department. On joint resolution (S. Res. 46) relative to an ac-
cepted draft in the
Stote National Bank of Boston, Mass. On bill (S. 133) for the relief of the.
Stote National Bank of Louisiana. On bill (S. 339) for the relief of the..
Steedman. On bill (H. R. 1246) granting a pension to the widow of Miy.
Gen. James B
Steel Yesaels for the Navy. On bill (S. 698) to authorize the construction
of additional
Stewart, administratrix of the estate of Michael S. On bill (S. 47) for
the relief of Frances £
Stol*. On bill (H. R. 3171) granting a pension to Ella
Stoogh. On bill (S. 1227) granting a pension to Gapt. Israel
Strachan, John H. Johnson, Samuel M. Bryan, George Combs, Annie
Botts, and George A. Ifawkins. On bill (S. 1501) for the relief of
Robert
Stratton. On biU (S. 1134) for the relief of Herman D
Stratton, assignee of W. B. Waldron. On bill (S. 305) for the relief of
Thomas T
Stream. On bill (S. 1742) authorizing the acceptance of a medal by
Albert T „
Stieeter. On bill (S. 1003) to imbuise and compensate O. W
Stribling. On bill (H. R. 2869) granting an increase of pension to Mar-
tha H -
Stzobach. On Senate resolution relatiTe to Paul
Stnkey. On bill (S. 1507) to increase the pension of John F
Sng^. On bill (S. 71 9 ) to provide for the refund of excess of duties assessed
and collected on imports of raw
SwatzelL On bill (S. 1377) granting a pension to Jeremiah P
Swearer. On bill (H. R. 4717) granting a pension to John
Sweeney. On bill (S. 1112) granting a pension to John
Swift & Co. On biU (S. 567) for the relief of Alexander
Swift & Co. and the Niles Works. On bill (S. 567) for the relief of
Alexander _ -.-
T.
Tabb. On bill (S. 1774) for the relief of William
Tabor. On bill (S. 477) for the reUef of Horace A. W
Taooma. On bill (S. 1898) to provide for the formation and admission
into the Union of the State of
Taooma, Wash. On bill (S. 1422) making a port of delivery at
Targarona. On bill (S. 902) for the reHef of Peter
Tariff imports into the United States, and the free list, together with
ocHnparative tables of present and past tarifib, and other statistics relat-
to _ _ —
ing
Taylor. On bill (S. 1324) granting an increase of pension to William —
Taylor & Son. On bill (H. R. 1198) for the relief of John
Ten Eyck. On bill (S. 1300) to authorize the President to restore to his
former rank in the Army and place on the retired list Tenodor
Terrett. On petition of Martha A. F
Terry. On bill (H. R. 2447) for the relief of Catharine
Testerman. On bUl (S. 381) for the relief of WiUiam R —
Texas judicial districts. On bill (H. R. 6074) to change the eastern and
northern
Texas Pacific Railroad land grant. (To accompany S. 3933)
Thatcher. On bill (S. 1034) for the relief of T...
Theiman. On bill (S. 935) for the relief of August
Thomas. On bill (H. R. 3932) for the relief of James M
Thompson. On bill (S. 1068) granting a pension to Alexander
Thompson. On bill (S. 932) for the relief of Mary Jane
Thompson. On bill (H. R. 1394) granting a pension to Mary P
No.
Vol.
665
7
603
7
312
2
310
2
133
1
43
1
819
161
580
6
811
670
1
7
7
684
724
7
7
455
3
277
314
2
2
873
532
624
7
4
1
354
504
638
839
147
3
4
7
7
1
.7
519
4
237
2
462
3
276
2
323
2
12
1
612
7
707
7
418
3
659
7
796
7
328
2
575
5
607
7
387
3
203
2
527
4
605
7
235
2
650
7
xxii
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Vol.
Thorns. On bill (S. 167) for the relief of John
Tice. On bill (S. 1607) for the relief of the administrators of the estate
of Isaac P
Titler. On bill (H. R. 2372) for the relief of Michael _
Toby. On bill (S. 464) granting a pension to James P. F
Todd. On bill (S. 10) for the relief of Hany I
Townsend. On bill (H. R. 5595) granting a pension to Eugene L
Trabne. On bill (S. 1034) for the relief of James
Treasury Department. On bill (S. 1153) authorizing the Secretary of the
Treasury to deliyer to the rightful owners the contents of certain boxes
deposited in the
Trekell. On bill (S. 929) granting a pension to Caroline
Trimble. On bill (S. 91) for the relief of the trustees of Isaac R
Tryon. On bill (S. 930) granting a pension to Spencer W
U
UUery. On bill (H. R. 4234) granting a pension to Mary
Umatilla Reservation in the State of Oregon. On bill (S. 66) providing
for allotment of lands in severalty to Indians upon the
Underbill. On bill (S. 608) for the relief of J. S
Underwood. On petition of Maria G
Union Metallic Cartridge Company. On bill (S. 420) for the relief of the.
United States land-offices. On bill (S. 323) to authorize the Secretary of
the Interior to make allowances for rent of
Ute Indians in Colorado. On bill (S. 241) to accept and ratify agreement
for the sale of the reservation of the confederated bands of the
V.
Valle. On bill (S. 374) for the relief of Francis L
Vallum. On bill (S. 363) for the relief of Edwin P
Vance. On bill (S. 677) for the relief of James and William
Van Horn. On bill (S. 668) granting a pension to Mary
Van Trees. On bill (H. R. 562) granting a pension to H. E
Vaughan. On bill (S. 732) for the relief of Mary J
Vaughn and Mis. Louisa Jackman. On bill (S. 36) for the relief of Mrs.
Martha
Venable. On joint resolution (S. Res. 14) for the relief of Mrs. Jane
Virg:inia and Maryland. On bill (S. 961) to provide for paying certain
advances made to the United States by the States of
Voorhies. On bill (S. 753) granting a pension to Ann R
W.
Waldo. On bill (S. 388) for the relief of David
Waldo & Co. On bill (S. 387) for the relief of David
Walker. On bill (S. 83) for the relief of Bvt. Maj . Gen. John H
Walker, deceased. On bill (S. 1167) for the relief of the estate of Marcus .
Walker. On biU (S. 465) for the relief of Mary L. and Ella.
0
44
845
694
703
107
751
387
319
404
243
255
785
234
513
748
49
152
33
97
59
20
195
476
302
118
411
680
727
Walker. On bill (H. R. 3656) granting a pension to Salome Ann
Walker and Augustus C. Todd. On the petition ofT. A —
Wallace. On the bill (H. R. 4439) granting a pension to Jdhn R
Walter. On bill (S. 2247) relating to the contract of James E
Walworth. On bill (S. 1037) for the relief of John P
Ward. On bill (B. 879) for the relief of P. L ._
Ward. On bill (H. R. 4180) granting an increaseof pension to Rowland.
Ward. On petition of William H..
Wardwell. On bill (S. 521) for the relief of Earnest H
Warfield. On bill (S. 214) for the relief of Maria E
War loans. On bill (S. 2000) to reimburse the several States for interest j
paid on _ 590
Washington Territory. On bill (S. 1202) relating to the construction of I
a ship-canal in _ I 494
93
842
226
395
53
615
244
828
621
148
428
897
137
437
324
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
xxni
Subject.
Water?*. On bill (S. 1034) for the relief of John
Watmongb. On the petition of Mary M
Watson. On bill ( H. R. 103) granting a pension to Theresa Crosby
Weaver. On bill (H. R. 5723) granting a pension to Isabella Bertha
Webster. On bill (S. 472) for the relief of George P
Weeden. On bill (S. 189) granting a pension to Amoe C
Wehe. On bill (H. R. 1197) granting a pension to Ann M
Welsh. On bill (S. 1322) granting a pension to Jane
West Point, N. Y. On bill (S. 2129) to provide for the erection of build-
ings npon the Government reservation at
Wetmorc & Brother. On bill (S. 391) for the relief of.
Wetter. On bill (S. 1367) granting a pension to Sarah L
Whitcomb. On bill (S. 1645) granting a pension to Ashael D
WTiite. On petition of Henry J
White, Peter Hanger, and L. T. Green. On bill(S. 646) for the relief of
R Ct P
White. Onbill(S. 858) for tiie relief
Wiard. On bill (S. 71) for the relief of the creditors and assigns of
Norman
Wickwire. On bill (H. R. 3909) granting a pension to George W
Wiggin.H. On bill (H. R. 2069) granting a pension to Margaret
Wilcox. On bill (S. 139) for the relief of C. M. (Views of the minority).
Wilbelm. On bill (H. R. 1396) granting a pension to Fredrick
WUkins. On bill (S. 1641) for the relief of the widow of Edward M ...
Willev. On bill (H. R. 709) granting a pension to Robert L
Willey. On bill (S. 565) for the relief of Rev. Worcester
Waiiams. On bill (S. 394) to restore M^or D
Williams. On bill (S. 997) for the relief of David A
WiUiams. On bill (S. 379) forthe relief of Mrs. J. P
Williams. On bill (S. 1940) granting a pension to Thomas
Wilmington, Del. On bill (S. 1885) for the erection of a public building at.
Wilson. On bill (S. 282) granting pension to A. M
Wilson, administrator of the estate of William Tinder, deceased. On bill
(S. 953) for the relief of H. B
Wilson. On bill ( H. R. 2714) to increase the pension of Thomas E
Winchell. On bill (S. 1864) to allow arrears of pension to John
Winona, Minn. On bill (S. 574) relating to the purchase of a site and
the erection of a public building at
WolfA Brown, per John B. Wolf. On petition of.
Women's Soldiers' Monument Association of Lansing, Mich. On bill (S.
2075) granting condemned cannon to the .
Wood, deceased. On bill (S. 1664) for the relief of the legal representa-
tives of the estate of David
Wood. On bill (S. 1554) for the relief of S. N
Woodall. On bill (S. 1834) granting a pension to Eliza C
Woodward. On bill (S. 1049) for the relief of Henry M -
Woodward. On bill (S. 1027) for the relief of JamesH
Wright. On bill (S. 281) granting a pension to James S
Wright. *On bill (S. 1144) granting a pension to John W —
Wright. On bill (H. R. 2267) granting an increase of pension to Samuel C.
Wright and Mrs. C. Fahnestock. On bill (S. 297) for the relief of Mrs. S. A.
Wnnsh. On bill (S. 316) ^pranting a pension to Katharina T
Y.
Young. On bill (H. R. 6168) granting increase of [pension to Harry D. F.
Young. On petition of William -
Z.
Zeilin. On bill (H. R. 6767) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. Vir-
ginia .
387
222
709
813
63
80
726
693
535
545
549.
698
697
581
186
VoL
850
473
781
3
2
7
7
1
1
7
7
4
4
4
7
7
7
2
389
3
825
7
870
7
212
2
640
.7
468
3
601
7
683
7
367
3
159
2
19
1
526
4
421
3
447
3
145
1
662
7
737
7
191
2
481
3
506
4
352
3
423
3
743
7
179
2
313
2
378
3
413
3
443
3
7
1
366
3
7
3
T^BLE
OF THE
REPORTS MADE BY THE COMMIHEES
FOR THE
FIRST SESSION OF CHE FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS.
[NOTK. — Only 200 copies of Report No. 2 printed, for the ose of the Senate.]
Subject.
COMMITTER ON APPROPRIATIONS.
On the bill (H. R. 4716) making appropriations for the naval service, &c .
On the bill (H. R. 6770) making appropriations for the consular and
diplomatic service, &c. Statement in the nature of a report to accom-
pany the bill _ - --
On the bill (H. R. 7069) making appropriations for the legislative, executive,
and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1885, and for other purposes
On the bill (H. R. 7235) making appropriations for supplying deficiencies
in the appropriations for the year ending June 30, 1884, and prior years.
COMMITTEE ON CLAIMS.
On the bill (S. 12) for the relief of Elizabeth Carson
On the bill (S. 47) for the relief of Frances E. Stewart
On the bill (S. 974) for the relief of Ck)llin Adams
On the bill (S. 975) for the relief of T. J. Boyle, administrator of the
estate of Marcus Radich, deceased..
On the bill (S. 537) for the relief of J. A. Henry and others
On the bill (S. 431) entitled ''A bill for the relief of SaUie A. Spence''..
On the bill (S. 379) for the relief of Mrs. J. P. Williams .-
On the bill (S. 677) for the relief of the estates Of James and William Vance.
On the bill fS. 380) for the relief of James Bridger
On the bill (S. 382) for the relief of the city of Glasgow, in the State of
Missouri, and citizens thereof ., _
On the bill (S. 264) for the relief F. G. Schwatka and wife
On the bill (S. 538) for the relief of W. H. Beck, assignee of A. Burwell..
On the biU (S. 376) for the relief of Henry McGowan -
On the bill (S. 735) for the relief of Charles S. Mills
OnthebUl (S. 307) for the relief of Lewis D. Allen
On the bill (S. 392) for the relief of Joseph Kinney, administrator of David
Ballentine, of Missouri
On the bill (S. 491) for the relief of John W. Franklin, executor of the
last will of John Armfield, deceased .-
On the bill (S. 767) for the relief of C. F. Perry and Elizabeth H. Gilmer.
On the bill (S. 339) for the relief of the State National Bank, Louisiana..
On the bill (S. 167) for the relief of John Thorns, of Fayette C ounty, Ky . .
On the bill (S. 410) for the relief of the Sone and Fleming Manufactur-
ing Company, limited, of'the city of New York
On the bill (S. 399) for the relief of Albert H. Emery
On the bill (8. 253) for the relief of John Leathers.. --..
On the petition of the personal representatives of Irvine & Field asking
compensation for cotton sold under a decree of a United States court —
On the bill (S. 8) for the relief of F. W. Peyton, administrator de bonis non
of James D. Martin, deceased
XXV
405
633
Vol.
760
807
5
6
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
65
XXVI
INDEX TO KEPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
No. VoL
Committee on Claims — Continued.
On the bill (S. 170) for the relief of Thomas M. Redd.... _..
On the bill fS. 296) for the relief ot Harriet W. Shacklett.
On the bill (S. 87) for the relief of the heire of Maurice Grivot
On the bill (S. 830) for the relief of John Fraser.
On the bill (S. 375) for the relief of George H. Carlyle
On the bill (S. 690) for the relief of Mary A. Lewis, widow of Joeeph N.
Lewis _ ._
On the bill (S. 1233) for the relief of Mrs. Ellen Can Long and Mrs. Mary
K. Brevard _. _.
On the bill (S. 88) for the relief of Joseph R. Shannon, who claims pay-
ment for the value of the steamboat A. W. Quarrier, taken, as is al-
leged, from claimant by the United States military authorities at New
Orleans during the war of the rebellion, and lost to him
On the bill (S. ^6) for the relief of Perez Dickinson, the surviving part-
ner of James Cowan, deceased, heretofore trading and doing business
under the fixm-name and style of Cowan & Dickinson, of Knoxville,
East Tenn.__ _
On the bill (8. 385) for the relief of D. C. Allen
On the bill (S. 436) for the relief of William J. Gamble _
On the bill (S. 388) for the relief df David Waldo
On the biU (S. 716) for the relief of Eliza Howaid Powers
On the bill (S. 422) for the relief of Isaac Minor, administrator of the es-
tate of John Saf, deceased _
On the bill (S. 374) for the relief of Francis L. Valle
On the bill (8. 13) for the relief of those su£fering from the destruction of
the salt-works near Manchester, Ky., pursuant to the orders of Miy. Gen.
Don Carlos Buell._
On the bm (S. 743) for the relief of Frederick W. Ruggles
On the bill (S. 558) for the relief of Isaac A. Meyer
On the bill (S. 57l) for the relief of Casimiro Ginesi
On the bill (S. 971) for the relief of Mrs. Priscilla W. Burwell, widow of
Armistead Burwell ,
On the bill (S. 972) for the relief of Priscilla W. Burwell, widow and per-
sonal representative of Hon. Armistead Burwell, deceased, late of Yicks-
burg. Miss
On the bill (S. 1055) for the relief of Thomas C. Ellison
On the biU (S. 371) for the relief of Charles P. Chouteau
On the bill (S. 36) for the relief of Mrs. Martha Vaughn and Mrs. Louisa
Jackman
On the bill (S. 295) for the relief of Allred G. Hatfield..
On the bill (S. 372) for the relief of Frances A. Robinson, administratrix
of John M. Robinson, late of Independence, State of Missouri, de-
ceased
On the bill (S. 520) for the relief of Francis Guilbeau
On the bill (S. 273) for the relief of the estate of Thomas Jones, deceased. .
On the bill (S. 595) to repay the State of Georgia $27«175.50, money ad-
vanced by said State for the defense of her frontiers against the Indians
from 1795 to 1818, and not heretofore repaid _
On the petition of Joseph Dawson, of Hartford, Conn., a former revenue
officer of the United States, praying that the sum of $10,000 be granted
him in consideration of an injury sustained by him while in the dis-
charge of his duty in the internal- revenue service. „ —
On the memorial of A. F. Baugh, administrator of the estate of Ashton
Butterworth.
On the petition of William H. Manning .praying relief for timber cut from
his land by officers and employ^ of the United States
On the bill (S. 453) for the relief of Coronna, Taussig & Co., and others. .
On the bill (S. 29) for the relief of the State National Bank of Boston,
Mass ->
On the bill (S. 458) for the relief of William H. Crook _
On the bill (S. 953) for the relief of H. B. WHson, administrator of the
estate of William Tinder, deceased
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
75
91
92
93
95
96
97
99
100
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
132
133
144
145
INDEX TO REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.
XXVI
Subject.
COMMITTEE ON CLAIMS — CoDtinned.
On the bill (S. 873) for the relief of William G. Ford, of Memphis, Tenn..
On the bill (S. 567) for the relief of Alexander Swift & Co
On the bill (S. 1037) for the relief of John P. Walworth
Under act of March 3, 1883, referred to Court of Claims the following:
On January 9 1884:
Bill (S. 765) for the relief of G. E. W. Sharretts
Bill (S. 11) for the relief of Rosa V. Jeffreys
Memorial of Richard T. Bryan^ J
Bill (S. 166) for the relief of Oliver H. Perry
On January 16, 1884:
Bill (S. 335) ifor the relief of John Williams .._
Memorial of Lewis S. Stevens -
On January 23, 1884:
Bill (S. 35) for the relief of the owners of the schooner Twilight
Bill (S. 443) for the relief of John E. Payne _-.
On February 6, 1884:
Bill (S. 1221) forthereliefof Martha A. Russell
BUI (S. 866) for the relief of John F. Krany
On the petition of Mahlon C. Frambes and others, praying for the pay-
ment to them of the value of the schooner T. P. Lemed -.
On the bill (S. 86) for the relief of L. Madison Day . —
On the bill (S. 70) for the relief of Joseph M. Cummings, Hamilton J.
Miller, and WiUiam McRoberts
On the bill (S. 1130) for the relief of the Madison Female Academy, lo-
cated at Richmond, Ky .-
On the bill (S. 1240) for the relief of Sarah E. E. Ferine, administratrix of
William Perine
On the bill (S. 601) to provide for the hearing and determining by the
Court of Claims of the claims of the State of Georgia for captured and
abandoned property of said State, seized by the United States during
the war of the rebellion
On the bill (S. 1254) referring the claim of Apollos Hale, administrator,
to the Court of Claims
On the bill (S. 932) for the relief of Mary Jane Thompson, executrix of
Jeter L Thompson, deceased
On the bUl (S. 448) for the reUef of George H. Plant
On the bill (S. 477) for the relief of Horace A. W. Tabor
On the bill (8. 1274) for the relief of Reuben B. Clark and Sayles J. Bowen.
On the bill (S. 1072) for the relief of Samuel B. Seat, administrator of
Christian Kropp, deceased
On the biU (S. 788) for the relief of Warren Hall
On the bill (8.444) for the relief of Edward Fenlon
OnthebiU(S. 1031) for the relief of W. C. Marsh
On the bUl (S. 1118) for the relief Louisa H. Hasell
No.
VoL
146
147
148
1
1
2
On the biU (S. 1170) for the relief of Richard Hawley & Sons
On the bill (S. 250) to provide for the ascertainment of claims of American
citizens for spoliations committed by the French prior to the 31st day
of July, 1801 ; and also the petitions of Sarah R. Blake and others, Eliza
F. Dillingham and others, and Harvey Stanley and others
On the bill (S. 582) for the relief of W.H Powell
On the bill (S. 1099) for the relief of Thomas M. Harbin
On the bill (S. 294) for the relief of Frank Delia Torre and Susan F. Delia
Torre, heirs of the late district attorney of the northern district of Cali-
nia, Peter Delia Torre, deceased
On the bill (S. 1821) to reimburse and compensate O. W. Streeter for mon-
eys expended and services performed in taking the census of Dakota in
1860 - 1
On the bill (S. 902) forthereliefof Peter Tagarona
On the bill (S. 214) for the relief of Maria E. Warfield
On the bill (S. 663) to pay to Julia A. Nutt, widow and executrix of Hal-
ler Nutt, deceased, the amount of money reported by the Quartermas-
ter-General to be due her .- --.
156
165
2
167
2
168
2
204
2
205
2
207
2
216
2
235
2
236
2
237
2
238
2
240
2
269
2
270
2
272
2
273
2
274
2
306
2
307
2
309
2
311
314
323
324
I 325
2
2
2
XXVIII
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
No. , VoL
Committee on Claims — Continued.
On the bill (S. 1331) for the relief of the First National Bank of Newton,
Mass.. _
On the biU (S. 831) for the relief of Dr. Robert Carter
On thebill (S. 3817) for the relief of WiUiam R. Testermaa —
On the bill (S. 542) for the relief of John Fletcher _
On the bill (S. 758) for the relief of William L. Nance, and the additional
evidence presented to sustain the claim now made ,
On the bill (S. 401) for the relief of the Protestant Orphan Asylum at
Natchez, Miss
On the bill (S. 896) for the relief of Pearson C. Montgomery
On the bill (S. 492) for the relief of Sallie Jarratt, executrix of Gregory
Jarratt, deceased
On the bill (S. 754) in regard to the conveyance and devise of real estate
in the District of Columbia
On the bill (S. 536) for the relief of Capt. Nicholas J. Bigby
On the petition of T. M. English, administrator of the estate of Richard
Fitzpatrick, deceased
On the bill (S. 509) for the relief of the estate of Robert H. Montgomery. .
On the bill (8. 1034) for the relief of James Trabue, Thornton Thatcher,
Michael Callahan, and James Waters
On the bill (S. 748) referring the claim of the owners of the schooner
Addie B Bacon to the Court of Claims
On the bill (S. 71) for the relief of the creditors and assigns of Norman
Wiard
On the petition of Samuel M. Blair
On the petition of Charles Schneider and Jacob Schneider
On the bill (S. 1167) for the relief of the estate of Marcus Walker, de-
ceased
On the bill fS. 756) for the relief of Rosa Vertney Jeffrey
On the bill fS. 604) for the relief of George MacDougal
On the bill (S. 85) for the relief of the Citizens' Bank, of Louisiana
Views of the minority. (Part 2) •
On the petition of Arent B. Sorensen, for compensation for property taken
for public use ._
On the bill (S. 723) for the relief of Eugene B. Rail and others
On the bill (8. 879) for the relief of P. L. Ward, widow and executrix of
William Ward, deceased . _
On the biU (8. 534) for the relief of John T. Pickett
On the bill (S. 1014) for the relief of the corporation of Roman Catholic
clergymen of the State of Maryland
On the bill (S. 305) for the relief of Thomas T. Stratton, assignee of W. B.
Waldron
On the bill (S. 1384} for the relief of James S. Clark & Co
On the bill (S. 1570) for the relief of H. K. Belding
On the bill (S. 2092) for the relief of Mrs. Sallie Carroll
On the bill (S. 1744) for the relief of Mrs. Martha L. Burch
On the claim of Robert Otis, administrator de bonis non of R<^er A. Hiem.
On the bills (S. 274 and 2099) for the relief of Hiram Johnson and others.
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 56) for the relief of Martin and P. B.
Murphy -
On the bill (S. 2132) for the relief of Thomas P. Morgan
On the several memorials of the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal
churches at Falls Church, Va., Fairfax Court House, Va., Dumfries,
Ya., and Arlington, Va., and the petition of William N. Benkely,
chairman of the committee of the Virginia Conference of the Meth-
odist EpiscoiMkl Church, praying compensation for the destruction of
the church buildings and furniture belonging to said Organizations; and
also the memorial of the Mount Crawford MeUiodist Episcopal Church,
through its trustees, praying for compensation for the value of a por-
tion of the material belonging to the Mount Crawford church, in the
State of Virginia _.
326
2
3-27
328
2
329
2
330
331
2
332
2
333
2
334
2
344
3
347
3
350
3
387
3
388
3
389
3
390
3
391
3
395
3
396
3
397
3
403
3
403
3
416
3
427
3
428
3
429
3
454
3
455
3
457
3
458
3
459
3
460
3
461
3
466
3
472
3
488
3
489
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XXIX
Subject..
Committee on Claims — Continned.
On the bill (S. 864) for the relief of William G. Ford, administrator of
John G. RobinsoD, deceased
On the bill (S. 1270) for the relief of Mrs. Mary H. Chawning
On the bill (S. 171) for the relief of J. S. Golladay and J. W. Bowling.. _
On the petition of Mrs. Snsan A. Shelby, praying additional compensation
for cotton seized at Port Gibson, Miss., in 1864
OnthebiU (S. 991) for the relief of J. Henry Rives __
On the bill (S. 608) for the relief of J. S. UnderhUl
On the bill (S- 588) for the relief of the estate of Lncien Goyanx
On ihe bUls (S. 1391 and 2166) referring to the Conrt of Claims the
claim for property seized by order of General A. S. Johnston, on the
Utah expedition
On the bill (S. 1411) for the relief of Santiago de Leon
On the bill (S. 1774) for the relief of William Tabb
On the bill (H. R. 2167) for the relief of W. J. Hancock, administrator
of J, J. Pnlliam, deceased ._
On the bUl (S. 2168) for the relief of the executor of Ayers P. MerrUl,
deceased _.
On the petition of George Brown for relief _
On the bill (S. 391 ) for the relief of Wetmore & Brother, of St. Lonis, Mo . .
OnthebiU (S. 389) for the relief of A. L. H. Crenshaw
OnthebiU (S. .1073) for the relief of Joseph H. Maddox
On the bUls (S. 511, 655, and 2191) for the relief of the States of Oregon,
Nevada, and California
On the biU (S. 1560) for the relief of John H. Kinkead, of Nevada, and
others
On thebiU (S. 1648) for the relief of Mrs. SaUie H. Palmer
On the bill (S. 714) for the relief of the Mobile Marine Dock Company..
On the bill (S. 803) for the relief of Overton Love and Wyatt Gilchrist- .
On the biU (S. 804) for the relief^f WiUiam Beddo and others
On the biU (S. 870) for the relief of R. G. Combs and others
On the bill (S. 1302) for the relief of the First National Bank of Portland,
Oreg.
On the biU (S. 567) for the relief of Alexander Swift & Co., partners, and
Alexander Swift and Co. and the Niles Works
On the bUl (S. 646) for the relief of R. G. P. White, Peter Hanger, and
L. T.Green _
On the biU (S. 591) for the relief of the estate of Chester Ashley
On the biU (H. R. 1800) for the relief of J. L. BnrchaM
OnthebiU (S. 2025) for the relief of John Ricketts
On the bill (S. 1568) for the relief of the Florence Masonic Lodge, No.
14, at Florence, Ala
On the biU (S. 2172) for the relief of Mrs. Clara Morris
On the bill (S. 1071) for the relief of James R. Howard, formerly assist-
ant special agent of the Treasury Department
On the bill (S. 2005) to authorize the Conrt of Claims to investigate the
claim of George F. Brott for logs nsed in the constraction of Fort Aber-
crombie, Dakota, and to give judgment for the same
On the bill (S. 2209) for the relief of Joseph H. Maddox and others
On the bill (S. 2000) to reimburse the several States for interest paid on
war loans and for other purposes ,
On the biU (S. 724) for the relief of Nathaniel McKay, George M. Clapp,
and the executors of Donald McKay
On the bill (S. 1948) to require the payment in cash to the State of Geor-
gia of $35,555.42 appropriated for said State by an act to refund to the
State of Georgia certain money expended by said State for the common
defense in 1777, approved March 3, 1883
On the petition of Samuel Noble, praying compensation for cotton seized
by t^e United States during the late rebellion
On the biU (S. 514) for the relief of S. B. Cranston, of Oregon..
On the bUl (S. 2247) for the reUef of James E. Walter
490
491
492
493
495
513
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
545
546
547
550
561
564
565
569
'570
572
673
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
620
621
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
XXX
INDEX TO REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.
Subject.
No.
Vol.
CJOMMITTEE ON CLAIMS — Continned.
On the bill (S. 631) for the relief of Duncan S. Cage and the minor heirs
of Albert G. Cage, deceased
On the bill (H. R. 5377) for the allowance of certain claims reported by
the accounting officers of the United States Treasury Department
On the bill (S. .744) for the relief of George W. Saulpaw
On the bill (S. 1946) for the relief of Richard C. Ridgway and others
On the bill (S. 1135) for the relief of Henry H. Sibley
On the bill (8. 267) for the relief of Hadley Hobson
On the bill (S. 169) for the relief of Amelia B. Caldwell, administratrix
of John H. Caldwell
On the bill (S. 887) for the relief of Herman Ruge
On the bill (S. 961) to provide for paying certain advances made to the
United States by the States of Maryland and Virginia
On the bill (S. 1972) for the relief of Ed way A. Grant
On the bill (S. 1026) for the relief of William Ervin
On the bill (S. 565) for the relief of Rev. Worcester WiUey
On the bill (S. 1711) for the relief of Edwin E. Sanndera and J. A. Dedm,
of Franklin, La
On the bill (H. R. 1198) for the relief of John Taylor & Son
On the bill (S. 1884) for the relief of Daniel A. Dwight and the legal rep-
resentatives of Henry W. Taylor
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 3) for the relief of the widow and children
of John W. Judson
On the bill (S. 387) for the relief of David Waldo & Co.—
On the bill (S. 506) for the relief of Claude H. Miisten, surviving partner
of the firm of Le Vert Sc Masten, of Mobile, Ala., and the cMldren of
Octavia Le Vert, widow of his deceased partner
On the bill (S. 768) for the relief of the National Bank of Western
Arkansas
On the bill (8. 1607) for the relief of the administratots of the estate of
Isaac P. Tice, deceased _. _.
On the bill (S. 630) for the relief of Cora A. Slocumb, Ida A. Richardson,
and Caroline Augusta Urquhart _. _
OnthebiU (S. 264) for the relief of Arthur L. Fish _
COMMITTEE ON COMMEBCE.
On the bill (S. 1422) making the city of Taooma, in Washington Territory,
in the customs district of Puget Sound, a port of delivery, and the bill
(S.1423) making the idty of Seattle, in Washington Territory, in the
Puget Sound customs district, a port of delivery
On the bUl (S. 1202) to provide for and aid in the construction and to reg-
ulate the operation of a ship-canal between Lakes Union and Washing-
ton and Poget Sound, in Washington Territory, and for other purposes.
On the bill (H. R. 6657) authorizing the Saint Cloud Water-Power and
Mill Company to construct a dam across the Mississippi River at Saint
Cloud, Minn -_
COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
On the bill (S. 729) for the protection of children in the District of Co-
lumbia, and for other purposes
On the bill (S. 14;^) for the relief of the Metropolitan Police Force of the
District of Columbia
Onthebilirs. 1148) for the relief of WUliam B. Moses.. _
On the bill (S. 1104) relatingtoacknowledgmentof conveyances of land in
the District of Columbia--
On the bill (S. 1063) to amend the Revised Statutes of the United States
relating to the Di.strict of Columbia - -.
On the bUl (S. 1477) to authorize the construction of a bridge across the
Potomac River at the Three Sisters, near Georgetown, D. C
622
276
494
872
94
128
129
136
141
154
656
7
657
7
660
7
676
7
677
7
678
7
679
7
680
7
681
7
682
7
683
7
686
7
707
7
736
7
802
7
842
7
843
7
844
7
845
7
846
7
859
7
1
1
1
1
2
INDEX TO REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.
XXXI
Sabject.
Committee on the District of Columbia — Continned.
On the petition of Belva A. Lockwood and others that a woman deputy
warden be appointed to the jail of the District of Columbia
OnthebiU (S. 665) for the relief of Patrick Cook
On the bill (s. 349) for payment to Daniel Donovan for additional labor
and services rendered the District of Columbia
On the bill (S. 1319) for payment to Thomas McMahon for labor and serv-
ices, &c
On the bill (S. 1625) for the reliel' of William Bowen
On the bill (S. 1288) for the relief of Nathaniel C. Bateman
On the bin (H. R. 2;M4) for the relief of Melissa G. Polar
Onthebill (H. R. 2346) for the reUef of Sarah H. Redmond
OnthebiU (H. R. 4689) for the reUef of Eliza W. Patterson
Onthebill (H. R. 2858) lor the relief of John Connolly
On the bill (8. 1501) for the relief of Robert Strachan, John H. Johnson,
Samuel M. Bryan, Creorge Combs, Annie Botts, and Oeorge A. Hawkins.
On the bill (H. R, 2344) for the reUef of Melissa G. Polar
OOMMmSE ON SDUCATION AND LABOR.
On the bill (8. 396) to aid in the establishment and temporary support of
common schools
Supplemental report. (Part 2)
On the bill (S. 140) to establish a Bureau of Statistics of Labor...
On the bill (S. 654) to provide for a commission on the subject of the
alooh<dic liquor traffic
On the bill (S. 1464) creating a commission vtrhose duty it shall be to in-
qoire into and report upon the material, industrial, and intellectual
progress made by Uie colored people of this country since 1865, and mak-
ing appropriation for the same
Onthebill (S. 2170) relating to the eight-hour law
On the bill (H. R. 2550) to prohibit the importation and migration of
Ibreigneni and aliens under contract or agreement to perform labor in
the United States, its Territories, and the District of Columbia
Onthebill (8. 1457) to legalize the incorporation of national trades-unions.
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.
On the bill (8. 332) lor the relief of Thomas B. Shannon, of San Francisco,
Cal
On the existing tariff on imports into the United States, &c., and the free
list, together with comparative tables of present tmd past tariff, and
other statistics relating thereto..
On the bill (S. 528) for the relief of Silas Q. Howe, surviving partner of
William T. Pate & Co — _.
On the bill (S. 10) for the relief of Harry 1. Todd, late keeper of the Ken-
tucky Penitentiary
On the bill (8. 351) for the relief of Alexander Smiley
On the bill (S. 806) for the relief of John McNeUis ^
On the bill (8. 895) for the relief of J. D. Morrison, surviving partner of
the firm of C. M. & J. D. Morrison
On the bUl (S. 91») for the relief of John M. McChntock
On the bill (S. 336) releasing the estate of the late Frank Soul^, late col-
lector of internal revenue for the first district of California, and his
sureties from liability to the Government of the United States.. -
On the bill (8. 1393) to reimburse Frailey & De Verne for money paid into
Treasury of the United States -
On the bill (8. 1242) to reimburse Elizabeth Comstock customs dues paid
by heron articles donated for the relief of colored refugees
On the bill (S. 530) for the relief of Henry Ayres, of EvansvUle, Ind
Onthebill (8. 823) for the relief of Thomas Lynch
On the bill (8. 1237) for the relief of Betts, Nichols & Co
Vol.
169
2
176
2
177
2
215
2
335
2
401
3
420
3
433
3
533
4
574
5
684
7
858
7
101
101
102
435
444
806
820
857
12
86
107
192
197
223
224
261
282
292
294
295
303
1
1
1
3
7
7
7
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
XXXII
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Committee on Finance — ContiDned.
On the bill (S. 329) for the relief of the sureties of the late J. O. Rawlins.
On the bill (S. 1153) authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to deliver
to the rightful owners the contents of certain boxes deposited in the
Treasury Department by the Secretary of War
On the bill (S. 1538) for the relief of the legal representatives of the estate
of James Beaty, deceased, late of Baltimore, Md
On the bill (S. 968) for the relief of Fielding Hurst ._
On the bill (S. 1^64) for the relief of the legal representatives of the estate
of David Wood, deceased
On the bill (S. 1665) for the relief of John W. Gator, surviving partner of
the firm of Aymar & Co., of New York City _
On the bill (S. 719) to provide for the refund of excess of duties assessed
and collected on imports of raw sugars
On the bill fS. 956) for the relief of Pattison & Caldwell—
On the bill (S. 535^ for the relief of the sureties of George F. Elliott
On the bill (8. 459) to refund excessive duties caused by extraordinary
overvaluation of the Austrian florin in the year 1 878 '
On the bill (S. 969) for the relief of William J. Smith, late surveyor of
customs for the port of Memphis, State of Tennessee
On the bill (S. 562) for the relief of Orville Horwitz, trustee for C. D.
De Ford & Co
On the bill (S. 862) for the relief of Uriel Crocker
On the bill (S. 344) to regulate the payment of bills of exchange drawn in
foreign countries on persons, firms, companies, or corporations in the
United States, where the amount to be paid is named in foreign coins..
On the bill (S. 1861 ) for the relief of the Atlantic Alcohol Company of
Atlantic, State of Iowa
On the bill (S. 2230) for reUef of First National Bank of Marion, Iowa
On the bill (S. 2321) for the relief of Bessie S. Gilmore
committee on fishebies.
On the'bill (H. R. 3108) to protect the fish in the Potomac, in the District
of Columbia, and to provide a spawning-ground for shad and herring
in the said Potomac River
On the bill (S. 155) for the protection of the fisheries on the Atlantic coast.
committee on foreign relations.
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 27) as to giving notice to terminate the
convention of June 3, 1875, with His Msyesty the King of the Hawaiian
Islands..
Views of the minority. (Part- 2)
On the bill and joint resolution (S. 223 and S. Res. 2) relating to the claim
of Helen M. Fiedler, widow and executrix of Ernest Fiedler, deceased,
praying on behalf of herself and children that Congress will intervene
so as to aid her in collecting a claim alleged to be due to her late hus-
band from the Government of Brazil
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 63) to permit Augustus J. Cassard to ac-
cept a gold medal conferred upon him by the Government of France
On the bill (S. 1596) for the relief of the heirs of Martin Kenofeky
On the bill (S. 1742) to authorize Albert T. Stream, keeper of the life-
saving station at Shoalwater Bay, Washington Territory, to accept a
medal awarded to him by the British Government
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 37) allowing the widow of General Jesse
H. Moore, late consul at Callao, Peru, one year's salary
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 46) relative to an accepted draft in the
Department of State __ >
On the bill (S. 1876) providing for an inspection of meats for exportation,
prohibiting the importation of adulterated articles of food or drink,
and authorizing the President to make proclamation in certain cases,
and for other purposes -
Views of the minority. (Part 2)
318
319
346
349
3
3
352
3
353
3
354
356
408
3
3
3
426
3
438
3
602
505
4
4
578
652
701
789
700
706
76
76
111
201
206
277
278
310
345
345
Vol.
7
7
7
7
7
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
INDEX TO REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.
xxxin
Sabject.
Committee on Foreign Relations — Continned.
On the bill (S. 155} for the protection of fish and fisheries on the Atlantic
coast.
On the joint resolntion (S. Res. 43) for the erection of a bronze equestrian
statue to Simon Bolivar, in the city of Washington
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 68) and Mis. Doc. 59, relating to the occu-
pation of the Congo country, in Africa
On the bill (S. 1158) to provide for the execution of the provisions of arti-
tide 2 of the supplemental commercial treaty of November 17, 1880,
betiveen the United States and China for repression of the opium traffic.
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 14) for the relief of Mrs. Jane Yenable..
On the bill (S. 1983) to compensate Enoch Jacobs for services rendered
the Department of State
On the bill (S. 1860) for the relief of Richard Phoenix
Propose, in lieu of bills S. 347, 594, and 1700, an amendment to the bill
(H. R. 6770) making appropriations for the consular and diplomatic
service for the year ending June 30, 1885, and ask its reference to
Committee on Appropriations
Od the petition of Miguel Capella, a citizen or subject of Spain, making
claim for compensation fiom the United States for losses sustained dur-
ing the war of the rebellion, in Alabama
On the petition of Philip Schatzle, of Germany
On the second branch of the resolution of the Senate, adopted January
22,1884. The resolution is as follows: ^^ Resolved: That the Committee
on Foreign Relations be instructed to inquire into and report to the
Senate such legislation as shall protect our interests against those gov-
ernments which have prohibited or restrained the importation of meats
from the United States; and the committee is further instructed to re-
port what discriminations are made against exports from the United
States by the tariff laws of the princiiMd countries of Europe and
America, especially France, Germany, Mexico, and Brazil, by reason of
commercial or other special treaties or agreements with more favored
nations, and to report the causes which led to such discriminations, the
efforts, if any, that have been made to remove them, and what legisla-
tion, if any, is necessary to place the United States on an equal footing
with the most favored nations. This investigation is not, however, to
delay the action of the committee on the fiist branch of this resolution' ' .
On the bill (H. R. 6770) proposing an amendment to the same
On the Senate resolution (Mis. Doc. No. 70) in relation to negotiations
with Spain
committee on INDIAN AFFAIRS.
On the bill (S 271) for the relief of Mrs. Louisa Boddy, of Oregon
On the biU (S. 84) entitled ''A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Inte-
rior to ascertain the amounts due to citizens of the United States for
supplies furnished the Sioux or Dakota Indians of Minnesota subse-
quent to August, 1860, and prior to the massacre of August, 1862, and
providing for the payment thereof " _
On the bill (S. 460) to authorize the sale of timber on certain lands re-
served for the use of the Menomonee tribe of Indians in the State of
Wisconsin ,
On the petitions praying that the Oklahoma lands in the Indian Territory
be opened for settlement
On the bill (S. 938) confirming to W. S. Byers & Co. the right to take and
use water from the Umatilla River, on the Umatilla Reservation in the
State of Oregon, for manufacturing and other purposes
On the bill (S. 1108) to provide for the sale of the Iowa Indian Reserva-
tion in the States of Nebraska and Kansas, for the issuance of a patent
for a reservation for the Iowa tribe of Indians in the Indian Territory,
and for other purposes
8. Rep. III
365
3
392
3
393
3
394
411
3
3
419
431
3
3
432
464
548
551
566
893
32
35
60
64
208
232
Vol.
3
4
5
5
1
1
XXXIV
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Committee on Indian Affaibs — Continued.
On the bill (S. 66) entitled ''A bill providing for allotment of lands in
severalty to the Indians residing upon the Umatilla Reservation, in the
State of Oregoi), and granting patents therefor, and for other purposes " .
On the bill (S. 1706) to accept and ratify an agreement with the confed-
erated tribes of the Flathead, Kootenay, and Upper Pend d^Oreilles
Indians for the sale of a portion of their reservation in the Territory
of Montana, required for the use of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and
to make the necessary appropriations for carrying out the same
On the bill (S.516) to a4ju8t the accounts of John B. Monteith, deceased.
On the biU (S. 1755) to divide a portion of the reservation of the Sioux
Nation of Indians, in Dakota, into separate reservations, and to secure
the relinquishment of the Indian title to the remainder
On the resolutionof the Senate of Decembers, 1883, instructing the com-
mittee to inquire into the policy and expediency of creating a mili-
itary academy west of the Mississippi River for the training and edu-
cation of Indian youths and men up to a proper age as soldiers, and of
admitting them, when qualified, into the- Regular Army as enlisted men .
Ou the bill (S. 1564) providing for the allotment of lands in severalty to
certain Chippewa Indians of Lake Superior, residing in the State of
Wisconsin, and granting patents therefor
On the bill (S. 1554) for the relief of S. N. Wood
On the bill (S. 1530) for the relief of the estate of John Cook i
On the bill (S. 467) to provide for a settlement with the Indians who were
parties to the treaty concluded at Buffalo Creek, in the State of New
York, on the 15th day of January, 1838, for the unexecuted stipulation
of that treaty _- _
On the bill (S. 2300) to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to ascer-
tain the amounts due to Nathan Myrick, Joseph and Charles M. Dai-
ley, William H. Forbes, and Louis Roberts & Co., or their legal rep-
resentatives, citizens of the United States, for supplies furnished to
the Sioux or Dakota Indians of Minnesota subsequent to August, 1860,
and prior to the massacre of August, 1862, and providing for the pay-
ment thereof
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIABY.
On the bill (S. 178) to repeal section 714 of the Revised Statutes allow-
ing pensions to judges in certain cases
On the bill (S. 60) to declare certain land subject to taxation
On the bill (S. 1691) referring the claim of T. A. Walker and Augusta C.
Todd to the Court of Claims for adjudication
On the following resolution of the Senate, adopted April 16, 1884: Be-
solved J That the Committee on the Judiciary be directed to inquire and
report whether Paul Strobach, whose confirmation as marshal of the
middle and southern j udicial districts of Alabama has been rejected
by the Senate, is now discharging the duties of that ofiice, and whether
he is entitled to execute the powers and duties of such office in the
place of M. C. Osborn, who was suspended by order of the President
in the recess of the Senate
COMMITTEE ON THE LIBRARY.
On the bill (S. 1309) appropriating $40,000 to provide statuary and
historical tablets for the Saratoga Monument ._.
On the proceedings in connection with the erection of a statue of Chief-
Justice Marshall __
Vol.
234
262
263
283
2
2
348
380
423
537
3
3
4
761
771
10
88
244
1
1
532
267
544
2
4
COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS. |
On the bill (S. 368) for the relief of Oscar Eastmond and James W. ,
Atwill I 30
On the bill (S. 56) for the relief of Lieut. C. C. Norton | 31
1
1
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XXXV
Subject.
Vol.
Committee on Military Affairs — Continued.
On the bill (S. 439) for the relief of George A. Jaeger... ___
On the bill (S. 1033) giving a military record to Alexander Francesco,
deceased
On the bill (S. 543) for the relief of Martin L. Bundy...
On the bill (S. 363) for the relief of Edwin P. Vallum ,
On the bill (S. 156) to amend section 1661 of the Revised Statutes mak-
ing an annual appropriation to provide arms for the mUitia
On the bill (S. 472) for the relief of George P. Webster
On the bill (S. 158) for the relief of Fitz-John Porter...
Views of the minority. (Part 2)
On the bill (S. 641) concerning details from the Army
On the bill (8. 726) for the relief of Calvin S. Montague
On the bill (S. 1147) completing the military record of Alexander Fisher.
On the bUl (S. 798) for the relief of William D. Haley
On the bill (S. 924) for the relief of Lieut. M. 0»Brien...
On the bill fS. 940) relating to clairoc of the State of Missouri
On the bill (S. 230) tfi authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to settle
the claim of the State of Florida on account of expenditures made in
suppressing Indian hostilities
On the bill (S. 300) for the reliefof Miy. William M. Maynadier, paymas-
ter in the United States Army
On the bill (S. 469) to increase the sfdaries and pay of the chaplains in
the Army
On the bill (S. 207) to amend section 1190 of the Revised Statutes of the
United States relating to paymasters' derks of the United States
Army.
On bill (S. 642) for the relief of William P. Hogarty
On the bill (S. 809) to indemnify the State of cSilifomia for balances paid
and remaining due on account of indebtedness incurred in the Indian
wars
On the bill (8. 997) for the relief of David A. Williams -
On the biU (S. 1140) for the relief of Lieut Geoige W. Kingsbury
On the bill (S. 478) to authorize the Secretary of War to lilinquish and
turn over to the Interior Department certain parts of the Camp Doug-
las Military Reservation, in the Territory of Utah
On the bill (S. 483) for the relief of the State of Nebraska
On the bill (S. 1053) for the relief of William Pfeander, late lieutenant-
colonel of the Second Minnesota Cavalry Volunteers
On the memorial of B. W. Brioe and other paymasters of the United States
Army, who served as such during the war of the rebellion, asking for
additional compensation for the services rendered by them
On the bill (S. 1049) for the relief of Henry H. Woodward
On the bill (S. 644) for the relief of the administrator of the estate of John
^V Dear deceased
On the bill (S. 921) for the reliero7EiijahCrudgington-I..I'IIIIIIII..
On thebUl (S. 1107) for the relief of John A. Knowles
On the bill (S. 1103) to remove the charge of desertion from the military
record of William H. Fenton.. _
On the bill (S. 922) for the relief of John Gibson
On the bill (8. 859) to remove the charge of desertion from the military
record of John Shanks
On the bill (S. 858) for the relief of Richard H. W^hite
On the bill (8. 949) to amend and correct an act approved January 29,
1879, authorizing the appointment of Dr. Junius L. Powell as assist-
ant surgeon in the United States Army _
On the bill (S. 1412) authorizing the Secretary of War to adjust and set-
tle the account for arms between the State of South Carolina and the
Government of the United States
On the bill (8. 899) to provide promotion in the corps of judge-advo-
cates
On the bill (S. 1581) to provide for the disposal of abandoned and useless
military reservations .
34
57
58
59
61
63
74
74
98
103
104
105
106
108
109
110
120
155
167
158
159
160
162
170
171
175
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
193
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
XXXVI
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
No.
Vol.
Committee on Military Affairs — Continued.
On the bill (S. 557) for the reUef of John A.Hart
On the bill (S. 920) for the relief of John Ogden
On the bill (S. 935) for the relief of August Thieman
On the bill (S. 139) for the relief of C. M. Wilcox. (Views of the minor-
ity).
On the bill (S. 1518) to authorize the Secretary of War to furnish certifi-
cates of discharge to certain members of the Missouri Home Guards. .
On the bills (S. sS, 899, and 1541) to provide promotion in the corps of
judge-advocates .
On the bill (S. 1352) for the relief of William McNaniara.-.
On the bill (S. 83) for the reUef of Bvt. M^. John H. Walker
On the bill TS. 262) relating to the muster-rolls of Oregon Volunteers. _.
On the bill (S. 445) for the relief of the heirs or legal representative of
Robert J. Bangness
On the bill (S. 1581) to provide for the disposal of abandoned and useless
military reservations :
On the bm (S. 91) for the relief of the trustees of Isaac R. Trimble
On the joint resolution (H. Res. 153) authorizing the Secretary of War to
furnish tents for the fifth annual reunion of the soldiers and sailors of the
Northwest, to be held in Chicago in the month of August, 1884
On the biU (S. 1219) donating condemned cast-iron cannon to the citizens
of Waterville, Me -
On the bill (S. 1522) donating cannon to R. H. Graham Post of the Grand
Army of the Republic, of Moline, HI
On the bill (S. 1517) donating eight condemned cannon to be used in the
erection of a statue to the memory of General William H. Lytle, of
Ohio - - -..
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 60) donating condemned cannon to the
town of Cavendish, Vt
On the bill (S. 1528) donating four condemned mortars, four cannon and
carriages, and one hundred shell and shot to the town of Rutland, Vt..
On the bill (S. 1527) directing the Secretary of War to deliver to the gov-
ernor of the State of Kansas four pieces of condemned cannon for the
use of the Leavenworth Light Infantry Battalion
On the bill (S. 545) for the relief of the widow of Col. Lyman M. Kellogg .
On the bill (S. 1106) for the relief of Frances H. Plummer _ _..
On the bill (S. 733) dedicating the military reservation at Plattsburg, N.
Y., to the village of Plattsburg for a public park
On the bill (S. 1347) for the relief of the sufferers by the loss of the Grov-
emment steamer J. Don Cameron..
On the bill (S. 1361) giving a military record to Thomas Miller..
On the bill (S. 81) to confirm the title of Benjamin F. Pope to his office
of assistant surgeon in the United States Army _.
On the bill (S. 1316) for the relief of William W. Armstrong.
On thebUl (S. 1267) for the relief of Alfred Huckaby.. ...
On the bUls (S. 63 and 583) for the relief of William H. Morgan _.
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 67) in relation to the claim made by Dr.
John B. Read against the United States
On the bill (S. 1222) to place John Jones, late captain First Minnesota
Battery, on the retired list of the Army
On the petition of F. L. Hagadom, praying that the Secretary of War be
authorized to purchase his patent for the manufacture of improved am-
munition chests _.
On the bill (S. 1229) for the relief of Jacob H. Stark.. .-.
On the bUl (S. 1027) for the relief of James H. Woodward
On the bill (S. 853) to fix the rank of certain retired officers of the Army..
On the bill (S. 1212) to authorize the extension of the Chesapeake and Ohio
Railway to a point on the military lands at Fortress Monroe, Va
On the bill (S. 789) providing for certain time allowances in computing
the longevity pay of officers of the Medical Department of the Army..
196
199
. 203
212
214
221
225
226
227
228
242
243
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
256
264
265
266
271
280
284
285
286
293
296
308
312
313
315
316
317
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XXXVII
Subject.
Committee on Military Affairs — Continued.
On the joint resolation (S, Res. 39) correcting the military record of Wick-
liffe Cooper, deceased, late m^jor of the Seventh Cavalry, brevet colonel,
United States Army
On the bill (S. 512) for the relief of citizens of Oregon, Washington, Idaho,
and Montana who served in connection with the United States troops
in the war with the Kez Perc4 Indians, and for the relief of the heirs
of such as were killed in such service, and for other purposes
On the bill (S. 345) for the relief of certain officers in the Medical Depart-
ment of the United States Army
On the bill (S. 1058) explanatory of an act directing the Second Auditor
to settle the pay and bounty account of John Ammahaie (or Ammahe),
passed June 30, 1876.
On the bill (S. 651) to authorize the President to restore Charles Brewster
to hin former rank' in the Army
On the bill (S. 1449) to provide for the sale of the military reservation on
the island of Bois Blanc, in the Straits of Mackinaw, in the State of
Michigan, and for other purposes _
On the bill (S. 1123) to restore Louis J. Sarriste to the rank of second lieu-
tenant in the Army and place him on the retired list
On the bill (S. 1629) giving a military record to John C. Bullock, deceased .
On the bill (S. 1488) authorizing the Secretary of War to supply the South
Ciunolina Military Academy with camp equipage :
OnthcbUl (S. 1419) for the relief of Rupert G. HiU
On the bill (S. 657) to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to adjust
and settle the expenses of Indian wars in Nevada
On the bill (S. 1304) to authorize the Secretary of War to ascertain the
expenses incurred by the territorial authorities and the people of Idaho
in the suppression of Indian hostilities in the years 1877 and 1878,
known as the Bannock and Nez Perc^ outbreaks
On the petition of Capt. Anson Northup for compensation for services ren-
dered _- -
On the bill (S. 779) for a survey and estimate for a railroad fix)m the main-
land to Key West, Fla., and for a canal connecting the same with the
Saint John's River, for military and naval services
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 76) authorizing the Secretary of War to
loan the governor of North Carolina certain tents and camp equipage
for the use of the militia of the State _ _
On the bill (S. 1300) to authorize the President to restore Tenodor Ten Eyck
to his former rank in the Army and to place him upon the retired list
of Army officers .
On the bill (H. R. 2487) for the relief of Bvt. Maj . Gen. William W. A verell . .
On the bill (S. 675) to extend the benefits of section 4 of an act entitled
''An act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the
year ending June 30, 1866," approved March 3, 1865 _
On the bill (S. 521) for the relief of Ernest H. Wardwell
On the bill (S. 1437) to remove the charge of desertion from the military
record of David A. Hawk
On the bill (S. 1631) for the relief of John W. Blake
On the bill (S. 651) to authorize the President to restore Charles Brew-
ster to his former rank in the Army -.
On the bill (S. 1798) for the relief of Edward L. Keyes...
On the bill (S. 1920) to authorize the President, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, to appoint Dr. A. P. Frick an assistant sur-
geon in the United States Army
On the bill (S. 286) granting the right of way through a military reser-
vation to a railroad company
On Executive Document No. 28, being the report of the Inspector-General
of the Army of the United States of an inspection of the Soldiers' Home
at Washington, D. C, in compliance with the provisions of an act of
Oongrcao prescribing regulations for said Home, and for other purposes,
approved March 3, 1883 _
Vol.
321
337
341
342
364
378
383
384
385
386
406
407
410
415
417
418
424
436
437
439
441
442
445
446
451
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
453
XXXVIII
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Committee on Military Affairs — Continued.
On the petition of Wolff & Brown, per John B. Wolff, praying compensa-
tion for horses taken v
On the bm (H. R. 328) for the relief of John P. T. Davis, late second
lieutenant Company H, Fifty-second Indiana Volunteers
On the joint resolution (H. Res. 236) to loan flags to the city of Charlotte,
N. C
On the joint resolution (H. Res. 223) to loan to the ma^or of Richmond,
Va., a certain number of flags
On the bill (H. R. 351) authorizing the mustet-in and discharge of Henry
Z. Blinn -
On the bill (S. 1921) authorizing the Secretary of War to ac^ust and set-
tle the account for arms, ammunition, and aooouterments between the
Territory of Montana and the United States _ ^.
On the bill (S. 589) to carry out the provisions of a joint resolution en-
titled "Joint resolution providing for the payment of the Fourth Ar-
kansas Mounted Infantry Volunteers," approved March 18, 1870
On the bill (S. 2075) donating condemned cannon to the Women's Sol-
diers' Monument Association of Lansing, Mich
On the bill (S. 2076) to donate condemned cast-iron cannon and cannon-
balls to Post 41, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Michi-
gan, for monumental purposes _.,
On the bill (S. 1586) for the relief of the surviving members of Company
G, First United States Artillery __
On the bill (H. R. 578) to authorize the sale of a certain portion of the
Fort Hays Military Reservation, Kansas _. _.
On the joint resolution (H. Res. 179) authorizing the President of the
United States to appoint from the sergeants of the Signal Corps two
second lieutenants :
On the bill fH. R. 3932) for the relief of James M. Thomas -_.
On the bill (S. 1845) authorizing the Secretary of War to set apart certain
lands of the Fort Bid well Military Reservation for cemetery purposes..
On the bill (H. R. 3936) lor the relief of Benjamin F. Millard
On the bill (S. 2129) to provide for the erection of necessary buildings
upon the Grovernment reservation at West Point, N. Y
On the bill (S. 644) for the relief of the administrator of the estate of John
W. Dear, deceased
On the bill (S. 1758) for the relief of Charles M. Blake, a chaplain in the
United States Army _
On the joint resolution (H. Res. 209) granting the use of cannon, tents,
and muskets to ex-Union soldiers for reunion purposes
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 83) authorizing the Secretary of War, in
his discretion, to make exchange of tents for Gatling guns with the
National Guard of Alabama, and for other purposes
On the joint resolution (H. Res. 244) authorizing the Secretary of War,
in his discretion, to make exchange of tents for Gatling guns with the
National Guard of Alabama, and for other purposes
On the bill (S. 617) for the relief of James Belger
On the bill (H. R. 4977) to authorize the extension of the Chesapeake
and Ohio Railway Company to a point on the military lands at Fortress
Monroe, Va _ _. _
On the bill (S. 2233) for the relief of John Rollins McBlair
On the joint resolution (H. Res. 210) requiring the Secretary of War to
furnish copies of certain muster-rolla to the governor of the State of Ohio,
and joint resolution (S. Res. 86) to furnish copies of certain military
records to the State of New York
On the bill (H. R. 1628) authorizing and directing the sale of the real
estate and riparian rights now owned by the United States at Harper's
Ferry, in the State of West Virginia
On the bill (S. 1646) to authorize the continuance in force of an act ap-
proved June 23, 1870, entitled "An act to continue the act to author-
ize the settlement of the accounts of officers of the Army and Navy "_
481
482
483
484
486
487
498
506
507
511
514
515
527
528
529
535
563
594
653
654
655
661
687
688
747
770
803
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XXXIX
Subject.
Committee on Military Affairs — Continued.
On the bill (H. R. 4383) to relieve certain soldiers from the charge of
desertion- _
On the bill (H. R. 1017) in relation to the Inspector-General's Depart-
ment of the Army
COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS.
On the bill (S. 717) for the belief of John G Rose
On the bill (S. 660) to carry into effect the recommendations of the Board
of Admirals, convened pursuant to joint resolution approved February
5, 1879, in the case of Commander James H. Sands, United States Navy.
On the bill (S. 661) to carry into effect the recommendations of the Board
of Admirals, convened pursuant to joint resolution of February 5, 1879,
in the case of Commander Charles D. Sigsbee, United States 'Savy
On the bill (S. 662) to carry into effect the recommendations of the Board
of Admirals, convened pursuant to joint resolution of February 5, 1879,
in the case of Commander Henry Glass, United States Navy
On the bill (S. 1039) for the relief of the survivors of the exploring steamer
Jeannette, and the widows and children of those who perished in the
retreat from the wreck of that vessel in the Arctic seas
On the bill (S. 1867) for the relief of the oflScers and crew of the United
States steamer Monitor who participated in the action with the rebel
iron-clad Merrimac on the 9Ui day of March. 1862
On the bill (S. 698) to authorize the construction of additional steel vessels
for the N avy _
On the bill (S. 76) authorizing the President of the United States to ap-
point Lieut. William P. Randall a lieutenant-commander on the retired
list of the 'Stkxy ._
On the bill (S. 427) for the relief of Thomas G. Corbin..
On the bill (S. 1385) to carry into effect the conclusion and recommenda-
tion of a board of rear-admirals convened under a joint resolution ap-
proved February 5, 1879, in the case of Capt. Henry Erben, United
States Navy _ _
On the bill (S. 1594) to confirm the status of John N. Quackenbush, a com-
mander in the United States Navy
On the bill (8. 54) for the relief of Wilbur F. Cogswell
On the bill (S. 1335) to authorize the settlement of the accounts of the
late J. V. B. Bleecker, a paymaster in tjie Navy _
On the bill (H. R. 2240) authorizing the President of the United States to
appoint Assistant Engineer John W. Saville a passed assistant engineer
on the retired list of the Na\'y _
On the joint resolution (H. Res. 17) authorizing the appointment and retire-
ment of Samuel Kramer as chaplain in the Navy of the United States. _
On the bill ( H. R. 2265) entitled '*An act to equalize the rank of graduates
of the Naval Academy upon their a/^ignment to the various corps" ...
On the bill (S. 2105) authorizing the President of the United States to
appoint Passed Assistant Engineer Nathan B. Clark, United States
Navy, a chief engineer on the retired list of the Navy
On the bill (H. R. 1615) for the relief of the heirs of the late Langley B.
Culley _ - .-
No.
Vol.
1
805
847
130
138
139
140
1
143
153
2
161
2
172
2
1 178
2
190
275
351
a57
463
711
734
841
8TG
COMMITTEE ON PATENTS.
On the bill (S. 297) for the relief of Mrs. S. A. Wright and Mrs. C. Fahne-
stock -._ _-^ !
On the bill (S. 298) for the relief of Mrs. Margaret Cassidy, widow of j
Peter A. Cassidy, deceased _ -- j
On the bill tS. 420) for the relief of the Union Metallic Cartridge Company.
On the bill (S. 638) extending the patents of George Milsom, Henry Spen-
delow, and George V. Watson for an improvement in the mode of un-
loading vessels
Views of the minority. (Part 2)
Views of the minority. (Part 3) - -
8
49
79
79
79
2
3
3
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
XL
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Committee on Patents — Continued.
On the bill (S. 1019) for the relief of Peter K. Dederick
On the petition of William H. Ward, of Monongahela City, Pa., praying
for relief and compensation for the use of certain patents by the United
States - -
On the bill (S. 1122) for the relief of Michael H. Collins
On the bill (S. 419) for the extension of letters patent to the heirs of Ru-
dolph Leschot, deceased _ ..
On the bill (S. 180) for the relief of Stephen N. Smith
On the bill (S. 1399) for the relief of William C. Dodge
On the bill (S. 1417) to empower the Commissioner of Patents to extend
letters-patent No. 70012, granted to Gabriel Neudecker, October 22,
1867, to Martrom D. Lewis,administrator of said Neudecker, deceased-.
On the bill (S. 328) to authorize Alexey Von Smith to bring suit in the
Court of Claims
On the bill (S. 1832) for the relief of William C. Dodge
On the bill (S. 1366) for the relief of Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Holroyd, widow
and administratrix of the estate of John Holroyd, deceased
COMMITTEE ON PENSIONS.
On the bill (S. 238) for the relief of Hester Spring, widow of David
Spring _ ---
On the bill (S. 544) granting an increase of pension to Ely ah W. Penny .
On the bill (S. 587) granting a pension to Phineas Gano
On the bill (S. 359) granting a pension to Samuel P. Bronson
On the bill (S. 494) for the relief of Nancy Miller
On thebUl (S. 473) for the relief of Francis Hall ....
On the biU (S. 466) for the relief of Mary L. Walker and Ella Walker..
On the bill (S. 361) granting a pension to John C. Hargrave
On the bill (S. 82) for the relief of George Frick
On the bill (S. 195) granting a pension to Emily Monroe
On the bill (S. 1056) granting a pension to Sally Mallory
On the bill fS. 189) granting a pension to Amos C. Weeden..
On the bill (S. 742) granting a pension to Nathan L. Meands _
On the bill fS. 837) for the relief of Mary Joyce
On the bill fS. 650) for the relief of Elizabeth Gordon
On the bill fS. 279) granting a pension to Alfred M. Jarboe
On the bill (S. 314) granting a pension to John C. Hughes
On the biU (S. 592) for the relief of William Porter ._
On the bill (S. 777) granting a pension to Albert Jehle
On the bill (S. 260) for the relief of James Cloud
On the bill (S. 745) granting a pension to Lewis Hinn
On the petition for the relief of William Allen
On the petition of John F. Ballier, late colonel Ninety-eighth Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers, for an increase of pension
On the bill (S. 750) granting a pension to Catharine Schools —
On the bill (S. 668) placing the nahie of Mary Van Horn upon the pen-
sion-roll -- -
Oil the bill (S. 626) granting an increase of pension to Francis Scott, late
private in Company B, Twenty-third Regiment Wisconsin Infantry
Volunteers j'
On the bill IS. 939) for the relief of Ezra Hayes, of Oregon
On the bill (S. 1388) granting an increase of pension to General Ward B.
Burnett
On the bill (S. 1176) granting a pension to John K. Hummer
On the bill (8. 1173) granting a pension to Catharine Bullard
On the bill (S. 266) granting a pension to Joseph McGuckian
On the petition of Mary M. Watmough for arrearages of pension
On the bill fS. 917) granting a pension to Alida Dennis
On the bill fS. 986) granting a pension to Laura J. Prine
On the bill (S. 909) to increase the pension of Martin Kelly. -
134
137
173
213
279
377
400
422
434
440
Vol.
26
27
28
29
51
52
53
54
55
56
6^
80
81
82
83
84
85
87
89
149
163
164
174
194
195
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
200
2
202
2
211
2
218
2
219
2
220
2
222
2
229
2
230
2
231
2
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XLI
Subject.
Committee on Pensions— Continned.
689) for the relief of Elizabeth A. Barbour
828) grantiug a pension to Thomas Patton
927) granting a pension to James Rockwell
930) granting a pension to Spencer W. Tryon _
1218) granting an increase of pension to Samuel Baker..
429) granting an increase of pension to Laura C. T. Has-
On the bill (S.
On the bUl (S.
On the bill (S.
On the bill (S.
On the biU (S
On the bin (S.
kins
On the bill (S. 615) granting arrears of pension to Wellington V. Huested.
On the bill (S. 485) granting a pension to L. V. HoUyfield __
On the petition of Mrs. Electa W. Jacobs praying that her name be placed
upon the pension-roll
On the bill (S. 931) granting a pension to Amanda F. Reeder
On the bill (S. 928) granting a pension toSarah Cadis
On the petition of citizens of Middlesex, Vt., praying an increase of pen-
sion be granted to William H. H. Buck _.
On the bill (S. 360) granting a pension to Maria Louise Moss
On the bill (S. 546) granting a rerating of pension to Jacob Meier
On the bill fS. 283) to increase the pension of George W. Bausman
On the bill (S. 313) granting a pension to Charlotte McCay
On the bill (S. 707) granting an increase of pension to Nicholas W. Bar-
nett ._, __.
On the bill (S, 732) for the relief of Mary J. Vaughan
On thebUl (S. 905) for the relief of Hugh Dougherty
On the bill (S. 280) granting a pension to Wesley Morford
On the bill (S. 605) granting a pension to Capt. Sanderson H. Rogers
On the bill (S. 531) granting a pension to Caroline M. McDougal
On the petition of Dr. P. W. Brsidbury asking that his name, be placed on
the pension-roll
On the bill (S. 996) granting a pension to David C. Canfield
On the bill (S. 976) to increase the pension of Peter Lennon
On the bill (S. 337) granting pensions to Wilson W. Brown and others
Views of the minority
On the bill (S. 772) granting a pension to Erastus W. Babson
On the bill (H. R. 1433) granting a pension to Mary E. Murray
Views of the minority
On the bill (S. 316) granting a pension to Katharina T. Wunsh
On the bill (S. 394) to restore the name of Major D. Williams to the pen-
sion-roll
On the petition of James M. Dalzell praying for arrears of pension
On the petition of Matilda Henderson praying to be restored to the pen-
sion-roll 1
On the bill (S. 1299) to increase the pension of Alonzo B. Chatfield
On the bill fS. 998) granting a pension to Hermann Reifenrath
On the bill fS. 783) to increase the pension of John Algoe
On the bill ^S. 1910) granting a pension to William McClure
On the bill (S. 682) to rerate the pension of Zelora Crumpacker
On the bill (S. 281) granting a pension to James S. Wright
On the bill fS. 1694) granting a pension to Charles Caddy
On the bill (S. 1680) granting a pension to George Prince
On the bill (S. 929) grantinga pension to Caroline Trekell
On the petition of Jefferson Fields for relief
On the bill (S. 1360) giving a pension to Nina D. Gwynne, of Kansas City,
Mo
Vol.
On the bill (S. 1144) granting a pension to John W. Wright
On the bill (S. 1114) granting an increase of pension to William Shannon.
On the bill (H. R. 2&7) granting an increase of pension to Samuel C.
Wright -_-
On the bOl (8. 282) granting a pension to A. M. Wilson
On the bill (S. 1593) granting a pension to Joseph Groves
On the bill (S. 990) for the relief of John D. Marrion -.
On the bill (S. 670) granting an increase of pension to Norman J. Ingersoll.
245
246
254
255
257
258
259
260
268
289
290
291
297
298
299
300
301
302
304
338
339
340
343
359
360
361
361
362
363
363
366
367
368
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
381
382
404
409
412
413
414
443
447
448
449
450
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
XLII
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
No. ; Vol.
Committee on Pensions — Continned.
On the following resolution: ** Besolved, That the Secretary of the Interior
be directed to report to the Senate the names of all pending applications
for pensions in which the original applications have been pending for
more than two years, with the condition of the same, and reasons why
the same have not been finally disposed of"
On the bill (S. 1407) to amend the pension laws, and for other purposes..
On the bill (S. 1339) granting a pension to Frank Gray
On the bill (S. 1641) for the relief of the widow of Edward M. Wilkins
On the bill (S. 962) granting a pension to James M. Kirk
On the bill (S. 963) to place on the pen<sion-roll the name of Philenda
Carran
On the bill (S. 202) for the relief of John L. Cunningham _
On the petition of William Young praying for a pension
On the bill (H. R. 569) granting a pension to Reuben Marshall
On the bill (H. R. 570) granting a pension to M. H. Clements ,
On the bill (H. R. 562) granting a pension to H. E. Van Trees. __
On the bill (S. 484) granting a pension to Charles H. Noble
On the bill (S. 784) granting a pension to James S. Donahue
On the bill (S. 1200) granting a pension to Mrs. E. G. C. Abbott
On the bill (S. 1676) granting a pension to John F. Hinman
On the bill (S. 1184) lor the relief of William P. Reid
On the bill (S. 547) granting a pension to John C. F. Beyland -
On the bill (S. 1259) granting arrears of pension to W. N. Berkley
On the bills (H. R. 4707 and S. 1657) granting a pension to Louisa V. de
Kilpatrick, widowof Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick
On the bill (S. 993) for the relief of Maria 6. Dunbar . — .-
On the bill (S. 1377) granting a pension to Jeremiah P. Swatzell
On the bill (S. 1866) granting a pension to John T. Rudy
On the bill (S. 1363) granting a pension to Frank S. Hilliard
On the bill (S. 475) granting arrears of pension to Emily Agnel
On the bill (H. R. 4981 ) granting a pension to Isabella I. Ramsdell
On the bill (S. 773) granting a pension to Mrs. Kady Brownell
On the bill (S. 1923) granting a pension to Clarissa T. Males.
On the bill (S. 1940) granting a pension to Thomas Williams
On the bill (H. R. 3838) granting a pension to Theodore C. Hawkins
On the bill (H. R. 4188) granting a pension to William W. Day
On the bill (S. 1406) for the relief of Simon Severe
On the petition of Peter J. Reuss asking for arrears of pension
On the bill (H. R. 3669) granting a pension to Robert M. Flack..
On the bill (S. 1114) granting an increase of pension to William Shannon.
On the bill (H. R. 4706) for the relief of Charlotte Day.
On the bill (H. R. 1076) granting a pension to Miles B. Farlin '
On the bill (S. 315) granting a pension to William Reinhardt I
On the bill (H. R. 4682) granting a pension to Ward B. Burnett. (Views I
of the minority) ,
On the bill (S. 1367) granting a pension to Sarah L. Wetter !
On the bill (H. R. 2677) granting a pension to Mary P. MacBlair.. I
On the bills (S. 1180 and H. R. 1406) granting a pension to Mrs. Mary '
T. Barnes i
On the bill (H. R. 5259) granting a pension to Julia A. Ross
On the bill (H. R. 1065) granting an increase of pension to George F. '
Dresser _ I
On the petition of Mary J. French for an incretise of pension.. i
On the bill (S. 1337J granting an increiise of pension to Lucy L. G. Jef-
fers _
On the bill (8. 1463) for the relief of David Comprobst '
On the bill (H. R. 1751) increasing the pension of William R. Browne I
On the bill (S. 1225) granting a pension to Mary Hopperton, widow of I
Edward Hopperton _ _
Views of the minority __
On the bill (S. 958) granting arrears of pension to Augustus D. Blanchet.
452
3
465
3
467
3
468
3
469
3
470
3
471
3
473
3
474
3
475
3
476
3
^77
3
478
3
479
3
480
3
497
4
499
4
500
4
501
4
503
4
504
4
508
4
509
4
510
4
523
4
524
4
525
4
526
4
530
4
631
1 4
534
4
536
4
538
4
539
4
540
4
541
4
542
; 4
543
4
549
4
552
5
553
5
554
5
555
5
556
5
557
5
558
5
559
5
560
5
560
o
567
0
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XLIII
Subject.
On the bill (S.
On the bills (S.
On the bill (H.
OnthebUl(S.
On the bUl (S.
Craven
On the bill (H.
On the bill (S.
Eaton
Committi:e on Pensions— Continued.
1241) to amend the pension laws
1683 and H. R. 5443)fortherelief of Newton C. Ridenour.
R. 3238) granting a pension to Mrs. Ellen M. Flagg
1119) for the relief of John W. Brisbois _-.
1228) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. Marie Louise
R. 2400) for the relief of Judith Lauter
468) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. Mary K. S.
On the bill (S.*1356) for the relief of Caroline M. Montgomery
On the bill (H. R. 709) granting a pension to Robert L. Willey.
On the bill (H. R. 283) granting a pension to Patrick Horan
On the bill (H. R. 2839) to increase the pension of George J. Stannard
On the bill (H. R. 4697) for the relief of Rudolph John Marti
On the bill (S. 1068) granting a pension to Alexander Thompson
On the bill (S. 1095) granting a pension to Aaron Shurtliflf
On the bill (H. R. 4822) for the relief of Frances McNeil Potter...
On the bill (H. R. 4014) for the relief of Isaac Reed
On the bill (H. R. 2325) granting a pension to Helen M. Harrison
On the bill (H. R. 1075) granting a pension to Caroline Lauffer
On the bill (S. 1324) granting an increase of pension to William Taylor..
On the bill (H. R. 1756) granting a pension to William Overmire
On the bill (H. R. 796) for an increase of pension to Peter Lennon
On the bill (H. R. 3656) granting a pension to Salome Ann Walker
On the bill (H. R. 501) for the relief of Hiram M. Howard
On the bill (H. R. 3188) granting a pension to Amanda Cutter.. .-.
On the bill (H. R. 1986) granting a pension to Frank F. Fitkin
On the bill (S. 2118) granting a pension to James E. O'Shea
On the bill (S. 1526) for the relief of Maiy A. Freeman ._ _
On the bill (S. 1507) to increase the pension of John F. Stukey
On the bill (S. 1897) granting a pension to James Mullen.
568
571
595
596
597
598
On the bill (S. 513) granting a pension to James Coffey, of Oregon j
On the bill (S. 461) granting a pension to Warren Croan i
On the bill (H. R. 4818) for the relief of Rose Ann Galbraith |
On the bill (H. R. 2979) granting a pension to Nancy Ellis _•
On the bill (H. R. 5258) granting a pension to Thomas Cheshire I
On the bill (S. 1696) to increase the pension of Richard Jobes I
On the bill (H. R. 394) granting a pension to Mrs. Mary C. Jones j
On the petition of John Fletcher that a pension be granted him i
On the bill (H. R. 825) granting a pension to William J. Baker
On the bill (S. 1844) granting a pensiou to Bohn T. May _
On the bill (H. R. 4718) granting a pension to Caroline She ward !
On the bill (H. R. 4717) granting a pension to John Swearer '
On the bill (H. R. 4164) for the relief of Ellen Horgon -.|
On the bill (H. R. 1396) granting a pension to Frederick Wilhelm j
On the bill (H. R. 1042) for the relief of Mrs. Sarah Sinfield
On the bill (H. R. 1985) granting a pension to MelVin Pierce J
On the bill (H. R. 5999) granting additional pension to George H. Fluke., j
On the bill (S. 2193) granting a pension to Ferdinand Hercher
On the bill (H. R. 2393) granting a pension to Mrs. Mary McLaughlin..
On the bill (H. R. 433) to increase the pension of Simpson Harris ]
On the bill (H. R. 2984) granting a pension to Apolline A. Blair —
On the bill (H. R. 2473) for the relief of Margaret A. Caswell
On the bill (H. R. 591) granting a pension to W. H. Blake...
On the bill (H. R. 1394) granting a pension to Mary P. Thompson
On the bill (H. R. 2608) granting a pension to Mrs. Sarah Bryant Leet...
On the bill (S. 1418) for the relief of EvalinaT. Low
On the petition of Martha A. F. Terrett, widow of Colville Terrett, late a
lieutenant in the United States Navy, for an increase of pension
On the bill (H. R. 2714) to increase the pension of Thomas E. Wilson...
On the bill (H. R. 5686) granting a pension to Sarah J. Chipman
Vol.
5
5
7
7
7
7
599
7
600
7
601
7
602
7
603
7
604
7
605
7
606
7
608
\ '^
609
7
610
7
611
7
612
7
613
7
614
7
615
7
616
7
617
7
618
7
619
7
623
7
624
7
625
7
626
7
627
7
628
7
629
7
630
7
631
7
632
7
634
1 7
635
7
636
1 7
637
! 7
638
7
639
■ 7
640
! 7
641
1 '''
642
7
643
7
644
7
645
i 7
646
7
647
7
648
1 ^
649
1 *
650
i 7
651
7
658
7
659
! 7
662
1 7
663
• 7
XLIV
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Committee on Pensions — Continaed.
On the bill (S. 1414) granting a pension to William J. Hess
On the petition- of Cornelia A. Stanley, praying for an increase of pen-
sion _ _ -
On the petition of Anna Bunington praying that she be granted a pension
as dependent mother of David N. Hoyt
On the bill (S. 1719) to rerate the pension of Lawrence P. N. Landmm. .
On the bill (H. R. 1491) granting a pension to Sarah L. Harvey, mother
of G. B. Harvey
On the bills (S. 1431 and H. R. 2251) to increase the pension of Dilono Rob-
' inson __ __
On the bill (S. 1227) granting a pension to Capt. Israel Stough
On the bills (S. 1674 and H. R. 4417) granting an increase of pension to
Jacob Miller _
On the biU (S. 1287) for the relief of Juliet H. Palmer
On the bill ^H. R. 4431) granting a pension to Leroy C. Rankin
On the bill (H. R. 5457J granting a pension to Alicia Durrant
On the bill (H. R. 6530) to increase the pension of Richard Jobes
On the bill (S. 1859) granting a pension to Clarinda S. Hillman
On the bill (S. 1566) granting a pension to Martha Bastin
On the bills (H. R. 4790 and S. 455) granting a pension to Alexander
Saint Bernard -^
On the bill (H. R. 2252) granting a pension for the relief of Christopher
P. Davidson _ _
On the bill CH. R. 5070) granting a pension to Temple Golden
On the bill (S. 1322) granting a pension to Jane Welsh
On the bill (H. R. 2372) for the relief of Michael Titler
On the bill (S. 711J granting a pension to Phosbe H. Meech
On the bill (S. 602) granting a pension to Sarah Lupkin Merchant
On the petitions of Henry J. White, and others, praying that a pension
be granted said White _
On the bill (S. 1645) granting a pension to Ashael D. Whitcomb
On the bill CR. R. 1930) granting a pension to Sarah Nicoll Crane
On the bill (H. R. 1025) granting a pension to Sarah Dayton, widow of
Erastus G. Dayton -_
On the bill (S. 464) granting a pension to James P. F. Toby.-.
On the bill CH. R. 759) granting a pension to Patrick Droney
On the bill (S. 23) to amend an act granting a pension to Charles Slaw-
son -
On the bill (H. R. 6171) granting a pension to Noah E. Smith
On the bill (H. R. 103) granting a i>ension to Theresa Crosby Watson,
widow of James M. Watson, &te a commodore in the United States
Navy
On the bill fH. R. 5894) granting a pension to Mrs. Mary Morris Husband
On the bill (H. R. 1391) granting a pension to Mary Eliza Dickson, widow
of Dr. Thomas Dickson
On the bill (H. R. 2702) for the relief of Ellida J. Middleton. (Views of
the minority)
On the bill (H. R. 747) granting a pension to Fannie C. Beaumont. (Views
of the minority )
On the petition of Frederick Mayer praying for relief
On the petition of numerous citizens of Howell County, Missouri, pray-
ing that a pension be granted John W. Grammar, a soldier of the Mexi-
can war
On the bill (H. R. 6766) granting an increase of pension to the widow of
M^j. Gren. John G. Foster. (Views of the minority)
On the bill (S. 1858) to increase the pension of Henrietta A. Lewis, widow
of Capt. Robert F. R. Lewis, United States Navy. (Views of the mi-
nority) 1 ._ ,
On the bill fS. 1286) for the relief of Henrietta M. Sands
On the bill (S. 526) granting a pension to Julia T. Scott
On the bill (S. 1290) granting a pension to William H. Hunt
No.
VoL
664
7
665
7
666
7
667
7
668
7
669
7
670
7
671
7
672
7
673
7
674
7
675
7
685
7
689
7
690
7
691
7
6&2
7
693
7
694
7
695
7
696
7
697
7
698
7
699
7
702
7
703
7
704
7
705
7
708
7
709
7
710
7
712
7
713
7
714
7
715
7
717
7
718
7
719
7
720
7
721
7
722
7
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XLV
Subject.
Vol.
Committee on Pensions — Continaed.
On the bill fS. 1865} granting a pension to Mrs. Minna Haeberle.
On the bill (S. 1134) for the relief of Herman D. Stratton
On Uie bill (S. 978) to reratethe pension of John A. Ford
On the bill (H. R. 1197) granting a pension to Anna M. Wehe
On the bill (S. 753) granting a pension to Anna R. Voorhies
On the bills (S. 2165 and H. ,R. 875) granting a pension to P. W. Brad-
bury.
On the bill (S. 2244) granting a pension to James Brown
On the bill ^H. R. 432) to increase the pension of Joseph B. Sellers
On the bill (H. R. 3331) for the relief of Ann McCamey
On the bill (S. 1603) to increase the pension of James J. Chase
On the bill ^S. 912) granting a pension to Henry A. Armstrong ...
On the bill (S. 284; granting a pension to Henry J. Seward
On the bill (8. 1864) to allow John Winchell arrears of pension
On the bill (S. 1840) granting a pension to S. A. Riggs
On the bill (S. 1208) for the relief of Wilson G. Gray
On the bill (S. 1177^ granting an increase of pension to Georgetta Harp..
On the bill (S. 1726) granting a pension to John M. Broome
On the bill fS. 1159) for the relief of Mrs. Eunice S. Nicholls
On the bill (S. 1834) granting a pension to Eliza C. Woodall
On the bills (S. 1325 and H. R. 2136) granting an increase of pension to
Martin C. Harris
On the bills (S. 1777 and 1942) for the relief of Harvey Smith
On the bill (S. 2011) granting a pension to Mary M. Lyon
On the bill (S. 2026) granting a pension to Elias Shelton
On the bill (H. R 5595) granting a pension to Engene L. Townsend
On the bill (H. R. 554) granting a pension to Joseph T. Caldwell
On the bill (H. R. 1411) granting a pension to Martha M. B. McCnllach.
On the bill (S. 1181) granting a pension to Ann Lally
On the bill (H. R. 229) granting a pension to Elizabeth H. Lawler
On the bills (H. R. 4440 and S. 1421) granting a pension to John Bostater
On the bill (8. 1656) granting an increase of pension to Thomas S. Brooks
On the petition of James Martin for relief
On the petition of Charlotte Brewster praying for arrears of pension
On the bill (H. R. 3307) granting a pension to Harriet P. Dame
On the bill (H. R. 6542) granting a pension to Harriett S. Brisbine _
On the bill (H. R. 1751) increasing the pension of William R. Browne...
On the bill (s. 1627) granting a pension to Flavia A. Haskell
On the bill (8. 1220) for the relief of the heirs of Michael O^Brien
On the bill ^H. R. 2543) granting a pension to James Roden
On the bill (H. R. 1164) granting a pension to Mary E. Seymour
On the bill (H. R. 137) granting an increase of pension to Betsey A. Mower.
On the bill (H. R. 1631) granting an increase of pension to Matthew
O'Regan ._ _
On the bill ^H. R. 3623) granting a pension to Sarah E. Price..
On the bill (H. R. 3294) grantinga pension to Emma A. Porch
On the bill (H. R. 4141) granting a pension to Mrs. Rebecca J. Pierce...
On the bill (S.. 1398) granting an increase of pension to Andrew J. Bolar..
On the bill (S. 1430) granting a pension to Sarah C. Hall
On the bill ( H. R. 2419) granting a pension to Robert Nutt
On the bill (H. R. 3613) granting a pension to Ira McNair ._
On the bill (h. R. 1998) for the relief of WUliam J. Sawyer
On the bill (H. R. 6767) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. Virginia
Zeilin _- - —
On the bill (H. R. 439) granting a pension to Bridget Sherlock, mother
of Stephen Sherlock --
On the bill (S. 1971) granting a pension to Mrs. Catharine H. Glick,
. widow of Elias B. Glick --
On the bill (H. R. 267) granting a pension to James King
On the bill (H. R. 4234) granting a pension to Mary Ullery...
On the bill (H. R. 314) for the relief of John W. Cummins
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
XLVI
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Committee on Pensions — Continued.
On the bill (H. R. 1569) granting a pension to Mrs. Maiy M. Ord
On the bill (H. R. 1237) granting a pension to Solomon K. Ruggles
On the petition of certain citizens of Iowa in ££ivor of granting a pension
to David Galbraith
On the petition of certain citizens of Iowa in favor of granting a pension to
N. D. Bates
On the bill CR. R. 1977) for the relief of Maria L. Hammer ,
On the bill (H. R. 2017) granting a pension to Walter Dickson
On the bUl fH. R. 6529) for the relief of John Kane _.
On the bill (H. R. 2378) restoring to the pension- rolls the name of John
^Ijog _^
On the biil'CH.R. 2447) for the relief of Catherine Terry "I II. '"I. II..
On the bill (H. R. 2660) granting a pension to William Printz
On the bill (H. R. 2425) gran tine a pension to Catharine Henry
On the bill (H. R. 1897) granting a pension to Catherine Hunter
On the bill ^S. 2049) granting a pension to James King
On the bill (H. R. 2536] granting a pension to Michael Mack
On the petition of James A. Quinlan praying for an increase of pension. .
On the bill (S. 2^350) granting a pension to Anna Ginn
On the bill (H. R. 6085) granting a pension to John A. Hassell
On the bill CH. R. 3171) granting a pension to Ella Stolz
On the bill fH. R. 5821) granting a pension to Mrs. Susannah Barr
On the bill (H. R. 5723) granting a pension to Isabella Bertha Weaver . .
On the bill (H. R. 6184) granting a pension to Julia M. Reynolds
On the bill (H. R. 2358) granting a pension to James Hawkins
On the bill (H. R. 3737) granting a pension to Ann McLoughlin
On the bill (H. R. 5485) granting a pension to Mrs. Samantha Harriman.
On the bill (H. R. 819) granting an increase of pension to Merritt Lewis.
On the bill (H. R. 1246) granting a pension to the widow of Maj, Gen.
James B. Steedman
On the bill (H. R. 1073) ^pranting a pension to William J. Lee
On the bill (K. R. 5795) increasing the pension of Charles A. Fuller
On the bill (H. R. 2623) granting a pension to Arthur I. McConnell
On the bill (H. R. 1410) granting a pension to Henry Schnetberg
On the bill (H. R. 3909) granting a pension to George W. Wickwire
On the bill (H. R. 5976) for the relief of Catharine Meis
On the bill (K. R. 4970) for the relief of Nancy Biser „
On the bill (H. R. 4439) granting a pension to John R. Wallace
On the bill (H. R. 1436) granting a pension to William T. McCoy
On the bill (H. R. 5675) granting a pension to Mrs. Susan J. McKenney ..
On the bill (S. 1823) granting a pension to Ebenezer K. Marden
On the bill (H. R. 1056) granting a pension to Honora Kelley
On the bill (H. R. 3606) granting a pension to Irene Baker
On the bill (H. R. 4526) granting a pension to Ann Corbin
On the bill (H. R. 5781) granting a pension to Solon L. Simonds
On the bill (H. R. 5.'^35) granting a pension to Mrs. Sarah E. E. Seelye,
ali<is Franklin Thompson
On the bills (H. R. 4368 and S. 1226) granting an increase of pension to
Dr. Samuel Davis .
On the bill (S. 1111) granting an increase of pension to Sally Rodman,
widow of General Isaac P. Rodman
On the bill (S. 1112) granting a pension to John Sweeney
On the bill (H. R. 5636) granting an increase of pension to OttoLeissring..
On the bill (H. R. 837) granting a pension to Reuben J. Chewning .
On the bill (H. R. 2312) granting a pension to Almira B. Kaler
On the bill (H. R. 6168) granting an increase of pension to Harry D. F.
Young
On the bill (H. R. 3625) <rrantiug an increase of pension to Levi Anderson.
On the bill (H. R. 4767) granting a pension to Mary A. Henry, widow of
William Henry ^" ... __
On the bill (S. 1446) granting a pension to Lou Gobright McFalls
No.
787
788
790
791
792
793
794
Vol.
836
837
7
7
7
7
7
7
795
7
796
7
797
7
798
7
799
7
800
7
801
7
808
7
809
7
810
7
811
7
812
7
813
7
814
7
815
7
816
7
817
7
818
7
819
7
821
7
822
7
823
7
824
7
825
7
826
7
827
7
828
7
829
7
830
7
831
7
832
7
833
7
834
7
835
7
838
7
839
7
840
7
848
7
849
7
850
7
851
7
852
7
853
7
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMXflTTKES.
XLVII
Subject.
Committee on Pensions — Continued.
On the bill (H. R. 943) granting a pension to Samuel Barnard
On the bill (H. R. 1965 J granting a pension to John A. Crozier ,
On the bill (H. R. 4700) granting a pension to Simon E. Lewis
On the bill (H. R. 282) to reinstate Cornelius Fitzgerald on the pension-
roll
On the bill (H. R. 254) granting a pension to John Kobbins-
On the bill (H. R. 1894) granting a pension to Clark Roberts
On the bill (H. R. 4568) granting a pension to Andrew J. Konkle
On the bill (H. R. 836) granting a pension to John C. Fenscke
On the bill (H. R. 6786) granting a pension to Rivers Banks
On the bill (H. R. 555) granting a pension to John Galloup
On the bill fH. R. 4457) granting a pension to J. G. Crawford
On the bill (H. R. 2105) granting a pension to John A. Shuchers
On the bill (H. R. 2091) granting a pension to Rebecca Hall
On the bill (U. R. 2089) granting a pension to Margaret Wiggins _.
On the bill f H. R. 1077) granting a pension to Sarah Miner
On the bill (H. R. 2869) granting an increase of pension to Martha H.
Stribling .
On the bill (H. R. 3591) granting a pension to Sarah A. Becktel
On the bill (H. R. 4530) granting a pension to Patrick Foley
On the bill (H. R. 284) for the relief of Mary G. Hawk _—
On the bill (H. R. 1970) granting a pension to Alice T. Sherwood 1_.
On the bill (H. R. 2245) granting a pension to Eliza A. Shealey
On the bill (H. R. 503) granting a pension to Hiram C. Henderson
On the bill (H. R. 6589) for the relief of Asa Dye
On the bill (H. R. 5889) granting a pension to Alonzo Cooper
On the bill fH. R. 4694) granting a pension to James Clark
On the bill fH. R. 3493) granting a pension to Ann Hunter
On the bill (H. R. 3281) granting a pension to Michael Shields
On the bill (h. R. 4492) for the relief of Mrs. Pauline E. Millikin
On the bill fH. R. 4254) granting a pension to James Aaron —
On the bill (H. R. 6677) to increase the pension of William Irving
On the bill fH. R. 5544) for the relief of Laura Goddard _
On the bill (H. R. 2070) granting a pension to Decatur Hamlin
On the bill (S. 1427) granting a pension to Abby S. Slocum
On the bill (S. 150) granting an increase of pension to Sarah Denny Rip-
ley, widow of Brig. Gen. James W. Ripley...
On the bill fH. R. 204) granting a pension to Susan T. Attwater..
On the bill fH. R. 5553) granting a pension to Isabella Palmer
On the bill (H. R. 1752) granting a pension to Maria L. Lee _.
On the bill (H. R. 4180) granting an increase of pension to Rowland Ward.
On the bill (H. R. 5088) for the relief of Magdalena Cook
On the bill ( H. R. 2574) granting a pension to Rosella Pegg
On the bill (H. R. 5888) granting a pension to Ellen O'Brien
COMMITTEB ON POST-OFFICES AND POST-ROADS.
On the bill (S. 1481) for the relief of O. L. Cochran, late postmaster at
Houston, Tex __
On the bill (S. 566) for the relief of Z. M. Pettigrew -
On the bill (S. 1482) for the relief of William H. Handle, of Nashville,
Tenn -^
On the bill (S. 1017) to prohibit the mailing of newspapers and other pub-
lications containing lottery advertisements, and prescribing a penalty
for the violation of the same — - —
Viewsoftheminority
On the bill (S. 493) for the relief of C. S. Moss
On the bill (S. 1018) to amend sections 3929 and 4041 of the Revised
•Statutes authorizing the Postmaster-General to prohibit the delivery
of registered letters and the payment of money-orders, and providing
for the return thereof
No.
Vol.
854
7
855
7
856
7
860
7
861
7
862
•7
863
7
864
7
865
7
866
7
867
7
868
7
869
7
870
7
871
7
873
7
874
7
875
7
877
7
878
7
879
7
880
7
881
7
882
7
883
7
884
7
885
7
886
7
887
7
888
7
889
7
890
7
891
7
892
7
894
7
895
7
896
7
897
7
898
. 7
899
7
900
7
166
209
210
233
233
281
2
2
2
2
2
2
288
XLVIII
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
Committee on Post-Offices and Post-"Road8 — Continued.
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 13) to reappropriate and apply the amount
appropriated by the act of Congress approved March 3, 1877, to pay
certain Southern mail contractors
On the bill (S. 1450) for the readjustment of compensation for the trans-
portation of the mails on railroad routes
On the bill (S. 1455) for the relief of D. O. Adkinson
On the amendment intended to be proposed by Mr. Hoar to bill (H. R.
5459) making appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Depart-
ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1885, and for other purposes..
On the bill (S. 1727) to grant letterH^arriers at free-delivery offices thirty
days' leave of absence in each year
On the bill (S. 17) " to provide for the establishment of a postal telegraph
system," (S. 2^) "to establish a system of postal telegraph in the
United States," and (S. 1016) "to provide for the transmission of corre-
spondence by telegraph, " aqd which was also instructed by the Senate
to inquire " whether the cost of telegraphic correspondence between the
several States and Territories of the United States or with foreign coun-
tries has been iiyuriously affected by large stock dividends made by the
Western Union Telegraph Company, by consolidation between different
telegraph companies, by working contracts with cable companies, by
leasing of connecting or competing lines, or by other means," together
with an accompanying bill (S. 2022)
cx>mmitte£ on printing.
On a letter from Parsons & Co., of New York, asking an investigation into
the tardy mail delivery of their bids for supplying paper for the Grov-
emment Printing Office. > -..
committee on pbivileges and elections.
On the Senate resolutions of January 29 and February 4, 1884, to inquire,
among other things, into events preceding and connected with the re-
cent election at Danville, Va
On the resolution of the Senate to inquire into certain alleged 'occurrences
in the State of Mississippi, and into the condition of the constitutional
rights of the people of that State
Views of the minority. (Part 2) .„ _
On resolution of the Senate to inquire into all the circumstances of, and
connected with, the alleged massacre of colored men at Danville, Ya
Yiews of the minority. (Part 2) .
On the bill (S. 408) concerning Federal elections
On the petition of Maria G. Underwood, administratrix of John C. Under-
wood, deceased, asking payment for salary and mileage of the said John
C. Underwood from the 4th of March, 1865, to the 4th of March, 1871 ..
committee on public buildings and GB0UND8.
On the bill (S. 1473) to enlarge the United States custom-house at Rich-
mond, Ya._ _.
On the bill (S. 574) appropriating money for the purchase of a site and
the erection of a suitable building for the United Statedl courts, post-
office, and other Government offices in the city of Winona, State of
Minnesota _ _._
On the bill (S. 1885) for the erection of a public building at Wilmington,
Del
On the bill (S. 1978) authorizing the partition of certain land in Louis-
ville, Ey., belonging jointly to John Echols and the Government of
the United States
322
379
402
430
456
577
369
241
748
142
191
421
562
Yol.
3
3
3
3
512
4
512
4
579
6
579
6
746
7
2
3
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
XLIX
Sabject.
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS.
On the bill (8. 258) donating a part of the abandoned military reserva-
tioDat Fort Smith, Ark., to the city of Fort Smith for the ose and
benefit of the free public schools thereof, and for other purpoeeH
On the bill (S. 74) to enable the State of Colorado to take lands in lieu
of the sixteenth and thirty-sixth sections found to be mineral lands,
and to secure to the State of Colorado the benefit of the act of July 2,
1862, entitled ''An act donating public lands to the several States and
TerritorieB which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture
and the mechanic artB''
On the bill (S. 260) for the relief of M. P. Jonee '.[
On the bill (S. 241) to repeal section 8 of an act entitled ''An act to ac-
cept and ratify the agreement submitted by the confederated bands of
Ute Indians in Colorado for the sale of their reservation in said State,
and for other purposes, and to make the necessary appropriations for
carrying out the same," approved June 15, 1880. _.
On the bill (S. 503) to increase the endovnnent of the University of Ala-
bama from the public lands in said State _
On the bill (S. 356) for the relief of Millie E. Hays, widow of John Hays,
Vol.
9
11
25
On the bill (S. 352) for the relief of Thomas H. Reeves .
On the bill (S. 551) to extend the laws of the United States over certain
unorganized territory south of the State of Kansas
On Uie bill (S. 57) for the relief of settlers and purchasers of lands on the
public domain in the States of Nebraska and Kansas
On the Senate resolution directing the investigation of the issue of scrip
to the heirs of Israel Dodge
On the bill (S. 554) to promote the efficiency of the General Land Office.
On Uie bill (S. 502) to increase the salary of the Commissioner of the Gen-
end Land Office, and to create the offices of Assistant Commissioner of
the General Land Office and inspectors of surveyors-general and dis-
trict land offices - - _
On the bill (S. 323) to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to make
allowances for rent of United States land offices
On the bill fS. 510) for the relief of B. Jennings --
On the bill (S. 1574) for the sale of the Cherokee Reservation in the State
of Arkansas .
On the bill (S. 1445) to provide for the settlement of the rights of the
States and of the corporations and persons interested in any grant of
lands in aid of railroads and canals which shall be hereafter declared
forfeited by act of Congress
On the bill (S. 1047) for the relief of Wesley Montgomery
On the bill (S. 428) to forfeit certain public lands granted to the Oregon
Central Railroad Company in the State of Oregon and the Territory of
Washington ,»
On the bill (S. 559) to quiet the title of settlers on the Des Moines River
lands, in the State of Iowa, and for other purposes
Views of the minority _ _.
On the bill (S. 2124) to authorize a suit to settle the boundaries of the grant
known as Rancho Corte de Madera del Presidio, and for other purposes.
On the bill (H. R. 3933) to declare a forfeiture of lands granted to the
Texas Pacific Railroad Company, and for other purposes. (Views of the
minority) —
On the bill (S. 2036) to forfeit the unearned lands granted to the Northern
Pacific Railroad Company to aid in the construction of a railroad from
Lake Superior to Puget Sound, and to restore the same to settlement,
and for other purposes
33
50
77
78
•
90
131
135
150
2
151
152
198
287
305
336
358
425
425
*485
607
804
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
7
* In Uca of No. 1, which was reooramitied to the Committee on Public Lands December 10, 1883.
S. Rep. IV
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
Subject.
COMMITTES ON BAILBOADS.
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 21) for the relief of the Kansas City, Fort
Scott and Gulf Railroad Company _-_ -
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 4) to provide for the settlement of accounts
with the Mobile and Ohio Railway Company
On the bill (S. 1373) granting right of way to the Cinnabar and Clark's
Fork Railroad Company -
On the bill (S. 1642) to incorporate the Spokane Falls and Cceur d' Alene
Railway Company - -
COMMITTEE ON BULES.
On the House resolution of June 14, 1884, authorizing its Clerk to change
the word "of" in bill H. R. 2344, entitled "An act for the relief of
MelissaG. Polar"
Vol.
COMMITTEE ON TEBBITOBIES.
On the bill (S. 153) providing a civil government for the Territory of
Alaska... -
On the bill (S. 1682) to enable the people of that part of the Territory of
Dakota south of the forty-sixth parallel of north latitude to form a con-
stitution and State government, and for the admission of the State into
the Union on an equal footing with the original States, and for other
purposes..
On the bill (S. 954) for the relief of F. Prosch and T. F. McElroy
On the bill (S. 1898) to provide for the formation and admission into the
Union of the State of Tacoma, and for other purposes
On the bill (H. R. 4713) entitled *'An act requiring the governors of cer-
tain Territories to be residents of said Territories at least two years pre-
ceding appointment" ._ _
On the Dill (H« R. 6074) entitled "An act to change the eastern and north-
em judicial districts of the State of Texas, and to attach a part of the
Indian Territory to said districts, and for other purposes"
On the biU (H. R. 1565) to authorize the appointment of a commission by
the President of the United States to run and mark the boundary lines
between a portion of the Indian Territory and the State of Texas, in
connection -with a similar commission to be appointed by the State of
Texas — _
r
COMMITTKE ON WOMAN SUFFBAGi:*
On the joint resolution (S. Res. 19) proposing an amendmcntt to the Consti-
tution of the United States --
SELECT COMMITTEE TO EXAMINE CEBTAIN MATTEBS IN OOdVNECnON
WITH THE IMPBOYEMEKT OF THE MISSISSIPPI BlVlXk,
On Mississippi River improvements
JOINT COMMISSION ON THE EQUALIZATION OF THE SALABIES OF THE
0FFICEB8 AND £MPI/)YES OF THE TWO HOUSES OF CONGBESS.
On the question of the salaries and compensation of the officers and em^
ploy^ of the Senate and House
14
1
217
2
239
2.
398
3
716
320
355
462
496
575
576
399
36
13
2
3
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES, BY WHOM MADE, AND FROM WHAT
COMMITTEE.
[Note.— Only 200 copies of Report No. 2 printed, for the uee of the Senate.]
COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS.
No.
By Mr. Allison... _ 633 760
By Mr. Hale 405,807
COMMITTEE ON CLAIMS.
By Mr. Cameron, of Wisconsin.. -.16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 37, 38, 70, 100, 119,122, 144, 145,
146, 156, 270, 307, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 347, 427,
428, 429, 460, 472, 490, 495, 516, 517, 546, 681, 582,
58:?, 584, 585, 586, 587, 656, 657, 676, 677, 707, 843,
844
By Mr. Hoar 23, 39, 40, 67, 69, 112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 124, 125, 126. 306, 324, 325, 350,
390, 395, 396, 513, 519, 520, 547, 580, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 735
By Mr. Pike 24, 48, 71, 121, 167, 205, 216, 238, 332, 333, 334, 335, 678, 679, 680, 681,
682, 683, 684, 686
By Mr. Dolph..6, 22, 47, 96, 113, 127, 165, 204, 236, 240, 272, 273, 311, 391, 403 (Part 2),
416, 457, 461, 489, 522, 550, 620, 621, 622, 842
By Mr. Mandereon 5, 44, 45, 46, 73, 95, 132, 207, 314, 323, 458, 459, 491, 492, 493,
545, 564, 572, 573, 845, 846
By Mr. Jackson 15, 41, 42, 43, 66, 68, 93, 133, 148, 269, 326, 403, 456, 518
By Mr. George 72, 75, 97, 99, 116, 123, 147, 344, 387, 388, 389, 488, 521
By Mr. Kenna — 65, 91, 92, 236, 237, 309, 397, 454, 565
By Mr. Fair 168,274,561,569,570,802,859
COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE.
By Mr. McMillan 872
By Mr. Dolph 276, 494
COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
By Mr. Riddleberger 94, 154
By Mr. Pike 129, 136, 176, 177, 215, 401, 420, 433, 574, 858
By Mr. Palmer 169
By Mr. Harris 141
By Mr. Vance _. 128,533
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR.
By Mr. Blair 101, 101 (Part 2), 102, 435, 444, 820, 857
By Mr.Mahone 806
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.
By Mr. Morrill 12, 282, 303, 319, 346, 362, 353, 364
By Mr. Sherman 578,789
By Mr. Allison 192,295,606,701
By Mr. Miller, of New York 261
By Mr. Bayard 4,318
By Mr. Voorhees 86,408
By Mr. Beck 107,197,294,349,366,662
By Mr. McPherson 502
By Mr. Harris 223,224,292,426,438
COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES.
ByMr.Lapham... 700,706
LI
UI INDEX TO REPOBTS OF COMMITTEES.
COMHITTEE ON yOBEIOK BELATIONa.
So.
By Mr. MUler, of Califomift 277,278, 345, 3M, 431,433, 4frl, &19, Ml, 566
By Mr. Sbenuan 76 (Part 2), 310, 419
By Mr. Lapham 365,392
By Mr. Wilson _ 201,206,411
By Mr. MorKan _ 76,111,393,893
By Mr. Vaoce 34.5 (Part 2)
COHHIITBE OK INDIAN APFAIBS.
By Mr. Dawes ___ 231,283
By Mr. lugatlf 232,761
By Mr. Harrison 348
By Mr. Cameron, of Wiicoiwm 35,60,64,262,380,5:17,771
By Mr. Bowbh 203,423
By Mr. SlaUr 32,208
COMMITTKE ON THE JUDIOIAKY.
By Mr. Logan 532
By Mr. Garland 88,244
By Mr. Pugh 10
COXHITTKE ON THX LIBRARY.
By Mr. Bherman .: _ 267,544
COMMITTKB ON MILITARY A
By Mr. Logan 63, 74 (Part 2), 366
By Mr. Harrieon 58,59,155,157,169,175,100,203,308,313,313,315,316,317,364,
378, 383, 386, 430, 441, 442. 486, 467
ByMr. 8ewBll - 61,74,08,120,321,445,446, 453,514, 515,847
ByMr. Hawley -- ._ 264,265, 280,424, 436,661,803
By Mr. Cockrdl 30, 31, 34. 57, 108, liio i- 1 184, 185, 186, 103, 214, 225, 242, 247,
248, 248, 250, 251, J ". ^ ;--.3, 296, 385, 410, 417, 481, 482, 483, 484,
506, 507, 653, 654, vv.. -;-8, 747, 805
ByMr.Max«7 103, 104, 106, 106, 158, 1 ■!, 1 -0, 181, 182, 188, 196, 2J2, 221,266, 284,
285, 384, 406, 407, 636, 663, 770
By Ht. Hampton 109. 110, 182, 187, 188, 228, 243, 271, SS8, 203, 342, 415, 418, 437,
408, 511, 687
By Mr. Camden 170, 171, 226, 227, 337, 341, 451, 527, 528,529, 594
COMHITTBB ON NAVAL APPAIB8.
By Mr. Anthony 130
By Mr. Hale - 153, 161,876
By Mr. Miller, of California 143,172,463,711,841
By Mr. McPhBiwrn 178,734
ByMr. Jones, of Florida 138, 139, 140, 190,275,357
By Mr. Farley 351
ByMr. Piatt -7, 134, 137,213,279, 400, 422
By Mr. Mitchell 79 (Part 2), 79 (Part 3), 173, 377
ByMr. Lapham -.. 49,79
ByMr. CaU - 8,434^440
COHUITTEE 0^ PB^S ONS
By Mr. Mitehell 28, 29, 63 &1 1 9 '>0' 259 260, 368, 375, 376, 381, 409, 414,
447, 448 * 1 19 470 471 508,509,510,526,539,540,555,
568, 601 6 1 ^^4 626 626, 627, 628, 629, G30, 631, 632,
633, f)44 f I 6 685 704, 706. 732, 733, 751, 752. 763,
754,7^ m 78- 788,706,797,708,799,801,811,
812, 813 f ■^ C23 H37 861,873,874,875,886,887, 895,
898,899
By Mr. Blair... .246, 246, 297 298 299 300 301 303 361, 362, 363, 382, 443, 623, 524,
525, 538, 543 564 660 708 709 713, 714, 718, 719, 762, 763, 764,
766, 766, 767, 68. 769, 818, 819, 820, 830, 831, 832, 8:t3. 834, 835,
836, 838, 839, 840, 848, 849, &50, 865, 878, 879, 892, 900
INDEX TO REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. LIII
Committee on Pensions — Continued.
No.
By Mr. Van Wyck 62, 200, 231, 366, 367, 530, 531, 541, 542, 702, 703, 729, 772, 773,
774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 851, 852, 853, 854, 863, 864, 865, 866,
867, 868, 869, 870, 871,880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 888, 889,
890 891 896 897
By Mr. Cullom 51, 52, 174, 218, 219, 220, 370, 371, 372, 373. 374, 473, 474, 475, 476,
477, 497, 499, 500, 501, 553, 557, 571, 670, 671, 672, 689, 690, 712,
755, 756, 860, 862, 877, 894
By Mr. Sabin - 339, 340, 343
Bv Mr. Slater 258, 338, 359, 360, 404, 467, 559, 612, 613, 614, 635, 636. 637, 638, 691,
757, 808, 815, 816, 817, 824
By Mr. Jackson 26, 27, 55. 56, 81, 82, 83, 194, 195, 229, 230, 254,^65, 289, 290, 291,
412,413, 449, 465, 466, 504, 534, 536, 556, 558, 567, 604, 605, 606,
648, 649, 650, 651, 660, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 692, 693, 694, 695,
696, 697, 717, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728,736, 737,
738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745
By Mr. Camden _. 80, 149, 211, 304, 478, 479, 480, 503, 549, 552
By Mr. Colquitt-. 87, 163, 164, 222. 257, 268, 450, 646, 647, 782, 783
By Mr. Wilson 595, 596, 697, 598, 599, 600, 608, 609, 610, 611, 615, 616, 617, 618,
619, 634, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 658, 659, 662, 663, 664, 698, 699,
710, 715, 730, 731, 749, 750, 779, 780, 781, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794,
795, 809, 810, 825, 826, 827, 828, 856
CX)MMITTEE ON POST-OFFICES AND POST-KOADS.
By Mr. Hill 430,456,577
By Mr. Mahone - - 281
By Mr. Palmer - 379
By Mr. Wilson 209, 233, 402
By Mr. Maxey... - - -166, 210, 322
By Mr. Jackson 288
COMMITTEE ON PRINTING.
By Mr. Hawley 369
COMMITTEE ON PBIVILEOES AND ELECTIOJ^S.
By Mr. Hoar -.- '.... 512
By Mr. Sherman 241
By Mr. Lapham 579,746,748
By Mr. Saulabuiy ..612 (Part 2)
By Mr. Vance 679(Part2)
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.
By Mr. Mahone 142, 191, 562
By Mr. Cameron, of Wisconsin—- 421
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS.
By Mr. Plumb 77, 78, 425, 485*
By Mr. Hill 11,33
By Mr. Van Wyck ._ 131, 336
By Mr. Dolph 26, 90, 135, 150, 151, 152
By Mr. Walker , 9, 287
By Mr. Morgan _ - 60, 305, 607
By Mr. Slater 198,368,804
COMMITTEE ON RAILROADS.
By Mr. Sawyer 14,239,398
By Mr. Brown . — _ 217
COMMITTEE ON RULES.
ByMr.^Frye 716
COMMITTEE ON TERRITORIES.
By Mr. Harrison 3,320
By Mr. Piatt 462
By Mr. Butter 366
By Mr. Garland 496
By Mr. Vest _ 676,576
• In lieu of No. 1, which was recommitted to the Committee on Public Lands December 10, 1883.
LFY INDEX TO BEPOITS OP COMMITTEES.
KjKXrTTKZ OX WOXAX ^TTTKAC^C.
Bj Mr. Pall
.BTT fldXimr T-i rX.lNIVE CEKTJIX XiTTTK> IS v'>VSElTl'>!« wrTH
THE IHP&'VEXEVT or THE IT^f'-'t-im XIVTM.
Bi Mr. Lo^an ..
Ev Mr. PUtt..
ZAT!"!' or THE -AI-IKIE:? up I
FHK T«'0 H^y -£^ uF •.1-\<>KE^.
Ur JUIL£JUUA£I rfiUilUUlB.
REPORT
MITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
IN BRSPOXeS 7
THE SKCOND BRANCH OF SENATE RESOLUTION
or JANUARY 22, 1884.
LFV INDEX TO BEP0RT8 OP COMMITTEES.
COMMITTBB ON WOMAN SUFFBAGE.
No.
By Mr. Palmer 399
SELECT COMMITTEE TO EXAMINE CERTAIN MATTERS IN ^CONNECTION WITH
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI r'iVER.
By Mr. Logan _ . 36
JOINT COMMISSION ON THE EQUALIZATION OF THE SALARIES OF THE OFFI-
CERS AND EMPIX)YE8 OF THE TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS.
By Mr. Piatt 13
48th Congress, ) SENATE. i Report
Ist Sejfsion, \ (No. 561.
FOREIGN TARIFFS.
DISCRIMINATIONS AOAINST THE IMPORTATION
OF AMEBIOAN FBODUGTS.
REPORT
BY THE
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
IN RE8PON8B TO
THE SECOND BRANCH OF SENATE RESOLUTION
OF JANUARY 22, 1884.
WASHINGTON:
OOySRNMENT PBINTINO OFFICB.
1884.
^
iSTH CoNOBBSS, ) SENATE. j Bepobt
Isi Session. ( ) No "551.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Mat 14, 1834.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. MiLLEB, of California, from the Committee on Foreign Belations^
submitted the following
KEPORT:
The Committee on Foreign RelationSj to whom teas referred the resolution
of the Senate^ (idopted January 22; 1884, which is as follows —
Retolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations be instructed to inquire into
and report to the Senate such legislation as shall protect our interests against
thoee Governments which have prohibited or restrained the importation of meats
from the United States ; and the committee is further instructed to report what
discriminations are made against exports from the United States by the tariff laws
of the principal countries of Europe and America, especially Franco, Germany,
Mexico, and Brazil, by reason of commercial or other special treaties or agree-
menta with more favored nations, and to report the causes which led to such dis-
criminations, the efforts, if any, that have been made to remove them, and what
legislation, if any, is necessarv to place the United States on an equal footing with
the most favored nations. This investigation is not, however, to delay the action
of the committee on the first branch of this resolution —
having made report on the 19th of March last {Senate Report JVb. 345,
Forty-eighth Congress) upon the first clause of the foregoing resolution^
beg leave to submit now the following report upon the second branch of
the same :
The documents hereto appended, and made a part hereof, which have
been famished the committee by the Secretary of State, with his letter
of transmittal, under date of March 4, 1884, which are the tariff laws,
import and export of the principal countries of the world, and com-
ments thereon by various officers of the United States, contain much,
it is believed, which will serve to answer the several questions pro-
I>ounded by the above resolution.
In answer to the question embraced in the resolution as to ^^ what dis-
criminations are made against exports from the United States by the
tariff laws of the principal countries of Europe," &c., it may be stated,
generally, that none of the tariffs of the countries of Europe or America
contain specific discriminations against merchandise imported from the
United States, but the discriminations found in the tariff systems of
some of the countries whose laws are hereto appended, particularly
France and Austria-Hungary, against merchandise imported from non-
treaty countries, necessarily result in placing importations from the
United States at serious disadvantage. For example, on account of the
great difference between the rates of duty imposed upon American goods
by the general tariff, and the rates imposed upon like goods imported
from treaty countries under the conventional tariff', much of our mer-
chandise cannot reach the French markets, except through those coun-
tries having commercial treaties with France, such as Great Britain,
II TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Italy, &c. In illaBtration, it may be stated that alcohol, if imported
directly from the United States into France, pays a duty of 30 francs
per hectolitre, while the same article if imported from England is sub-
ject to 15 francs per hectolitre. Cotton tissues imported from the United
States into France pay nearly three times the duty which the same arti-
cle pays if imported from Great Britain, and so of other articles.
In the Austro-Hungarian tariff is found the following provision :
Goods coming from countries wLicL treat Aastrian and Hungarian vessels or goods
of Austrian and Hungarian origin witb less favor than the vessels or goods of other
nations are subject on entering to an additional payment of HO per cent., and if the
tariff declares them to be free, then a special ad valorem duty wiU be levied upon
them.
This provision is far-reaching and announces a principle which seems
to go farther than that which underlies the French discriminations in
favor of the countries whose importations come within the conventional
tariffs. By this provision Austria-Hungary makes declaration of the
right to inquire not only whether there is a treaty with the country of
origin of the goods, but also whether, even if there is a treaty, any other
country enjoys any favor which is not granted by an existing treaty to
Austria-Hungary. If this principle be admitted, a nation without com-
mercial treaties, or which has unsatisfactory commercial relations with
other countries, may, by the simple expedient which Austria-Hungary
has adopted, impose discriminations against the commerce of those na-
tions who have not or do not place her upon an equal footing of the
most favored nations.
Our Government has never regarded a reciprocity treaty, or a treaty
which accords reciprocal advantages in the matter of tariff rates to the
parties making the treaty under peculiar conditions, as any discrimina-
tion against other nations in respect of whom such conditions do not
exist, and who may not enter into like arrangements. It has been held
uniformly by our Government that the most favored nation clause does
not apply to such arrangements. The right to purchase by just reci-
procity from other nations privileges equivalent to those we give has
been asserted and thus far successfully maintained without admitting
to the same privileges all those nations with whom we have treaties
containing the most favored nation clause.
On the other hand, where other nations have among themselves re-
ciprocal commercial arrangements, the United States cannot claim to
share in the benefits or privileges of such arrangements, which are
acquired only by purchase or reciprocal compensations. It would seem
that the only method by which the United States may consistently or
practically be made to share in the benefits of the conventional cariffs
of other countries is by diplomatic negotiation, and it is in such case
simply a question of expediency or commercial policy. A resort to dis-
crimination against the countries who apply general tariff rates to ini-
portations from the United States and a conventional tariff to the mer-
chandise of countries who by reciprocal commercial arrangements have
purchased the benefits of the lower rate of the conventional tariff can-
not be justified. In view of the conditions under which the discrimina-
tions by the several countries who have conventional tariffs against im-
portations from the United States are made, it is not easy to conceive of
any legislation that Congress can enact in respect to the same which
would prove beneficial to the United States.
The case of the prohibition against the importation of American salted
meats into Germany and France is different from the class of discrimi-
nations above referred to. In that case the discrimination is not in a
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. lU
tariff law, but it is an absolute prohibition of a specific American pro-
duct as an American product, and the prohibition is declared to be based
upon a sanitary regulation and enforced for sanitary reasons. The same
may be said in respect of the discrimination practiced in Great Britian
against American cattle. If these discriminations are causeless and
founded upon a misconception of facts or arise from groundless fears
of danger to public health, the United States has reason for complaint,
and after using every means to remove the reason (if there be any rea-
son) for the prohibition, they may with perfect propriety resort to dis-
crimination as against the importations irom the countries which prac-
tice these causeless and unjust prohibitions against American products.
This committee in its former report has submitted a bill (Senate bill
1876) which is regarded as proper and sufficient legislation for such
cases, and all other unreasonable or unjust discriminations against the
products of the United States.
Brazil and Mexico are mentioned in the resolution as countries who
may have practiced discriminations against the United States. Con-
sidering the state of trade between the United States and those conn-
tries, the export duties levied upon their own products which are
exported to the United States and elsewhere have been sometimes char-
acterized as discriminations against this country. In the case of Brazil^
the United States is a large purchaser of the chief products of that
country, and Brazil is but a limited purchaser of American products.
The value of imports into the United States from Brazil was, during
1883, $44,488,459, and the value of American exports to Brazil for the
same period was $9,252,094, the value of imports being nearly five times
the value of exi>ort8. The export duty on coffee from Brazil, for which
the United States is the best customer, is 7 per cent, ad valorem na-
tional duty, and 4 per cent, for th^ province of production, making 11
per cent, total export duty, and this duty has been maintained, not-
withstanding the fact that the United States has placed coffee upon the
free list. Export duties are levied for varied reasons, which depend
upon the condition of the country of production and the nature of the
product. Sometimes they are levied to prevent a drain upon the re-
sources of the country or to prevent the loss of an article which is nec-
essary for the sustenance of the people or the defense of the nation ; but
in general export duties are levied for purposes of revenue, and this
latter is undoubtedly the purpose of the Brazilian export duty on coffee.
An export duty upon a product sent to a particular country, and
levied only upon exportd^tions to that country, would be an unfriendly
discrimination, for which it would be reasonable to retaliate ; but a gen-
eral export duty without regard to destination cannot be regarded
strictly as a discrimination, although the practical effect may be to
seriously discriminate to the injury of those countries which furnish the
principal markets for the product so taxed. Whether in such case it is
better for the country injuriously affected to resort to discriminations
as against the imports of the offending country, or to strive by negotia-
tion to obtain reciprocity, is a question which must depend for answer
upon the commercial and other conditions which surround or exist in
the two nations. It is clearly a mistake for the United States under
ordinary conditions to place any given imports of considerable conse-
quence upon the free list without a careful consideration of the condi-
tions under which such products leave the country of production, and
the commercial relations which exist between such country and the
United States, or without at least suggesting that a reciprocal advan-
tage be given to products of the Unit^ States which may find a market
IV TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
in such country. We have in the case of Brazil conferred upon that
country an immense benefit by placing coffee on the free list, and
obtained no equitable reciprocal advantage. We possessed the power
to purchase by that act valuable privileges for American commerce
with Brazil, and that power was surrendered without condition, and
Brazil, so far from appreciating the liberality of the proceeding on
our part, has not only maintained its high export duty on coffee,
but increased its duties on imports ten perceutum ad valorem. In a
recent letter to this committee, the Secretary of State remarks that
^< If for example our legislation had authorized the placing of coffee on
the free list when coming from any country which by treaty or special
legislation gave to us a compensatory privilege not extending to all
other nations, the domestic object of fre^eing a necessity of life from
taxation would be doubly secured, and its price to the consumer cheap-
ened beyond our power to cheapen it by the mere removal of a duty.
Had such consideration been in view, for instance Brazilian coffee might
now flow to our shores unburdened by either export tax or home duty,
and we might be in a position to offer to Porto Eico, Java, and other
coffee-producing districts a free market for their products in return for
a corresponding benefit to be yielded by their Governments to us."
When in this connection we recall the fact that immediately upon the
reduction and final remission of the duty upon coffee by the United
States, the precise amount of the duty remitted was added to the price
of coffee in Brazil, the value of the foregoing observations in their rela-
tion to future legislation in respect of either a reduction of duties upon
imports of prime necessity which are not produced in this country, or
of placing such articles on the free list becomes manifest. The exten-
sion of our commerce into new fields, the creation of foreign markets
for American manufactures, may be effected largely by a sagacioua
adaptation of our tariff legislation in specific cases to the state of our
commerce with the particular countries which supply us with necessary
articles not produced by ourselves. Diplomacy may be in many case»
most efScient in creating new conditions under which reciprocal advan-
tages to American commerce may result in the countries from which
we buy largely and sell but little, and it is submitted that it may be
wise generally, before extending our free list to importations of conse-
quence, to try, at least, the efScacy of negotiation for equitable and re-
ciprocal benefits to ourselves.
As above indicated, the committee do not perceive that the duty of
suggesting any further legislation than it has proposed **to plaee the
United States on an equal footing with the most favored nations " de-
volves upon it at this time. The documents submitted herewith furnish
information from which all who study them may draw conclusions of
their own in respect of the questions embraced in the resolution. It is
manifest that our commercial relations with the American countries
south of us can be improved very greatly by intelligent diplomacy, and
the requisite legislation by Congress which should follow. It is not
deemed either necessary or expedient to further outline or elaborate the
views of the committee in respect to what that diplomacy and legisla-
tion should be.
Note. — The committee desire to acknowledge its obligation to the
Secretary of State and to the chief of the customs division of the Treas-
ury (Mr. James) for important documents, data, and memoranda fur-
nished by them.
Department of State,
Washingtofij March 4, 1884.
Sib : In part answer to yoar commanication of Janaary 26 last, I
have the honor to transmit herewith copies of the tariff laws, import
ftod export, of the countries hereinafter named, together with such com-
ments upon their working as have been made by our consuls, especially
in connection with the entry of American products and manufactures
intothe several countries. These papersembracethefollowingcountries:
Europe.— Sweden, Norway, Germany, Holland, Belgium, the United
Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Spain, Portagal, Italy, Austria-Hangary,
Servia and Russia.
Continent of America. — Dominion of Canada, Mexico, Oaatemala,
Venezuela, Brazil, United States of Colombia, Argentine Hepublic,
Chili, Pern, British Guiana, Ilayti, Cuba, Porto Bico, and New Prov-
idence.
Continent o/AHa. — British India and China.
Australasia. — Victoria and New Zealand.
^Polynesia. — Hawaiian Islands.
Accompanying these papers will be found a table of contents showing
the sequential order in which they are submitted.
Should your committee decide to publish these tariff laws, I would
respectfully request that a certain number, say 300, be ordered for the
ose of this Department.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
FRED'K T. FRBLINGHUYSBN.
Hon. John F. Miller,
Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations^ Senate.
1784 CONG — A P 1
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
BfTBOPE.
Sweden: Fall text of tariff law and schedule of tariff.
Norway : Full text of law and schedale of tariff.
Oermany :
1. VnH text of law and schedale of tariffl
2. Effects of the tariff.
3. Proposed increase of daty on floar.
4. Effect of tariff on food prices.
5. Castoms rolings against American canned meats.
6. Same.
7. Same.
8. Same.
Holland:
1. Import duties of.
2. Protective tariff demanded.
Bel^m : Increase of import dnties.
England :
1. The British import tariff.
2. Oar new tariff and British manufactaree.
3. Tariff revision in the United States.
France:
1. Fall text of law and schedale.
2. French-Portagaese treaty of commerce and navigation.
3. New French tariff on sugars.
4. Tariff on American flour. Memorial of French millers.
5. American ve, French protective tariff.
6. Treaty of commerce between France and the United States. Memorial of
Chamber of Commerce of St. Etienne.
7. Exx>ort duties of France.
Switzerland :
1. Import tariff of.
2. Export tariff of.
Spain :
1. Full text of law and schedule.
2. Report on customs duty of.
Portugal :
1. Export duties of.
2. Chauges iu tariff.
Italy :
1. Full text of law and schedules (import and export).
2. Special tariff of Italy with tYance.
3. Reports on Italian import tax on cotton-seed oil.
4. Onr new tariff and Italian exports.
Austria- Hungary :
1. Full text of law and schedules.
2. Proposed duties on agricultural products.
Strvia: Tariff ou imports.
BusHia :
1. New tariff; full text.
2. Export tariff.
.3. Modification of metal tariff.
Continent of America.
Canada :
1. Tariff changes; two reports.
2. Canadian and American tariff
3
4 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
CoMTiNKNT OF Amebica— Contioaed.
Mexico:
L Tariff laws and schedale ; fall text.
2. Additional dnties on imports.
3. Export duties of Mexico.
4. Export tariff of Gaerrero.
5. Operation of tariff laws.
6. Tariff on breadstiiffs.
Guatemala: Tariff of; full text
Honduras : Import dnties of.
FmeMuela :
1. New import tariff ofl
2. Tariff cnanges in.
3. Tariff reduction in.
BraHl:
1. Customs revenue; systems oil
2. Tariff on imports.
3. Peculiarities of tariff.
. 4. Tariff changes in.
5. Exi>ort duties of.
Colombia^ United States of: Tariff of, in toll.
Argentine Bepuhlic:
1. Tarim) and schedules of Argentine Republic for the years 1881 and 188S.
2. Export tariff of.
Chili : Tariff law and schedule ; full text.
Peru :
1. Military tariff of (Chilian).
2. New tariff of Peru.
British Guiana: Tariff of.
BayH: Tariff of.
Cuba : Dnties on imports.
Porto Bioo : Tariff and regulations Hft
JS'ew Prvidtnce: Tariff of.
Continent of Abia.
British India :
1. Proposed changes in tariff of.
2. Export duties of.
China : Customs tariffs of.
Polynesia.
Hawaii: Tariff o£
Australasia.
New Zealand,
V otoria.
SWEDEN.
TARIFF OF 8WEDEH.
[Translated by Consul Oppenheim, of Gottenberff, and published in Consular Re-
X>ort8 No. 5, for the month of March, 1881.]
imTBUCTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN APPLYING THE PROVISIONS OF
THIS TARIFF.
§1-
Whenever in the assessment of daty there arises a fraction amount-
ing to less than half an ore, sach fraction is not to be considered, bat
where a fraction amounts to half an ore or over, such fraction is to be
reckoned as one ore additional.
§ 2.
The weights and measures mentioned in this tariff are identical with
those prescribed in the royal ordinance of November 22, 1878.
I 3.
Merchandise imported in foreign bottoms is not to pay either addi-
tional or higher dnes than if it arrives in Swedish vessels.
§ 4.
Tonnage dues, whether for Swedish or foreign vessels, amount to 14
ore per ton, calculated as per register, and such dues are to be paid
each time, both on arrival and clearance ; but in case a vessel dur-
ing one and the same calendar year makes several voyages between
Sweden and foreign countries, such dnes are to be exacted only for the
first clearance, and in case of a repeated arrival only when the vessel
carries cargo and discharges a greater or lesser part thereof; and it
will be proper to consider as vessels in ballast, such vessels whose cargo
only amounts to a small fraction of their carrying capacity ; in regard
to all of which the regulations contained in the royal ordinance of June
5, 1874, are to be followed.
When a vessel discharges or loads at several ports, tonnage dues are
only to be imposed at the first loading or discharging point, and an
acknowledgment of their payment is to be affixed to the manifest or
clearance.
Exemption from tonnage dues is granted to vessels, whether bound
for a Swedish port or other destination, that arrive and have '^ in bal-
last"; to vessels that, while engacred in voyages between foreign ports,
call at a Swedish i)ort in order only to land passengers and their effects,
or to discharge goods into another vessel for export; to vessels that
come "in distress" or for the purpose of receiving orders as to the fur-
thei; prosecution of the voyage, that do not discharge cargo and do not
load anything besides necessaries and stores for the use of the crew^
passengers, or ship; to vessels that in consequence of injury by the
elements, of which due marine protest has been made, enter a Swedish
port and discharge cargo, and, after repairs are completed, reload the
original cargo and proceed on the voyage ; to vessels that, from above-
r>
€ TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
mentioned causes, discharge cargo and therefrom sell a smaller or
greater part, when such sale is limited to what is shown to be required
to furnish means for the expense incurred for repairs ; and to vessels
that, while on a voyage between foreign ports, discharge or load mer-
chandise not exceeding one-fourth the vessel's carrying capacity, to be
calculated as per vessel's papers.
In all these cases it is incumbent upon the shipmasters to follow the
regulations prescribed concerning arrivals and the delivery of manifest,
and also those bearing upon the takmg out of clearance.
§5.
Importations of the following "free" goods shall pay a "registering
fee," as follows: Wheat flour, 1 ore per kilogram 5 grits, all kinds, 1 ore
per kilogram ; beans, I ore per kilogram.
§6.
Importers of merchandise subject to ad valorem duties under the pro-
visions of this tariff must declare the purchasing price paid, with the
addition of insurance, freight, and other expenses incurred up to arrival
at the port of entry. The importer's statements must, as far as practi-
cable, be supported by the exhibition of invoices and bills of lading. If
these documents are not produced, it becomes the duty of the custom-
house authorities — as it is in all cases' their right — to have the merchan-
dise submitted to the inspection of t\yo experts, who are either to
indorse the declared valuation, or make such addition thereto as they
consider just. If the importer refuses to enter the goods according to
the valuation put upon them by the inspecting experts, his refusal shall
be affixed in wiiting to his original declaration, and the merchandise
shall, as promptly as practicable, and, at the latest, within one month from
the day of inspection, be sold at public auction by the custom-house au-
thorities. After deduction of the duty assessed upon proceeds of the
sale in case such exceed the importer's valuation, but in no case less
than it would have been upon such valuation, and of the auction ex-
penses, the remainder is to be turned over to the importer.
Personal property in actual use, and traveling effects that do not
constitute merchandise, are to be dealt with according to the regula-
tions therefor provided.
§7.
The properly- authorized manufacturing and industrial boards, or, in
case such do not exist, the municipal authorities, are to appoint one or
more persons in every staple town, whose duty it shall be to see that
merchandise belonging to special branches or trades is properly classed
as to kind and value ; but the absence of these persons is not to act as
a bar to the entry of merchandise and the payment of duty thereon.
§8.
Concerning the requirements to be observed in regard to the entry
and registering of arriving and out-going merchandise, and the manner
of inspecting, assessing duty upon, and delivering goods, the special
regulations bearing thereupon are to be followed.
§9.
Owners of vessels which have undergone repairs at a Swedish ship-
yard are, after such vessels are fully appointed and equipped, and such
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES 7
fact has been certified to before the cnstom house direction, entitled to
reiinbarsement ofdaties paid upon sails or sail dack which the owners
shall show to have been used in the equipping of the vessels and to have
been imported for this purpose.
Ships' stores and necessaries with which a Swedish vessel i^turning
from foreign ports may have been supplied during the voyage are not
subject to duty in so far as tliey are used to supply the needs of such
vessels only.
§10.
The following merchandise, manufactured of foreign raw material,,
shall, when exported by sea from a Swedish staple town, be entitled to
drawback as follow :
For 1 kilogram refined sugar ; loaf, rock-candy, or slab 28. 2 ore.
For 1 kilogram chocolate or confectioner}', or 1)oth mixed 30 ore.
For 1 liter panch 30 ore.
For 1 kilogram tobacco, mannfactnred :
Cigars and cigarettes 1 kroner.
Span, twisted, or pressed in plugs 70 ore.
Ground, or snuff 48 ore.
All other kinds 55 ore.
For 1 kilogram colored or printed cotton yam 19 ore.
For 1 kilogram colored or printed woolen yam , 24 (ire.
For 1 kilogram textile fabncs of cotton, made of yam No. 26 English stand-
ard or any higher number 19 ore.
For 1 kilogram text ile fabric of linen 24 ore.
For 1 kilogram machine-sewed cotton or linen articles, such as shirts, col-
lars, cuffis, duC, subject to the condition that such articles are not to be
mainly composed ot any fabric paying a lower duty than the one imposed
upon unbleached cottons 58 ore.
whereby the following regulations are to be observed :
1. That of all above-mentioned merchandise reckoned by weight, at
least 50 kilograms of each, and in the case of mixed chocolate and con-
fectionery 50 kilograms together, and of punch at least 50 liters, shall
be declared and exported in one shipment ; this rule, however, not to
apply where the merchandise upon which drawback is claimed, is ex-
ported for the supply of ships lying in the sound, under such circum-
stances as would entitle foreign gocds stored ^Mn bond" to exemption
from duty when withdrawn for that purpose.
2. That there shall be attached to each declaration of export a sworn
certificate of the manufacturer, provided with the signatures of two
witnesses, to the efiect that the merchandise is of Swedish manufact-
ure and of foreign raw material for which full duty has been paid, and in
the case of colored or printed yarn or textile fabrics, that they are man-
ufactured of foreign-spun and duty-paid yarn ; and in regard to machine-
sewed cotton or linen articles, that such have been manufactured in
Sweden from imported, duty-paid fabrics ; and such certificate shall,
when relating to cotton textiles, state that the yarn therein contained
is equal in fineness to No. 26 English standard, or above it ) and such
certificates are to be entered in the register of the customhouse of the
port wherefrom the exportation takes place ; and
3. That exportation shall be proved by a certificate from the proper
authorities of the port of discharge, stating that the merchandise has
been landed there, which certificate must be properly attested by a
Swedish consul or vice-consul in all cases where there is such an
officer at the port of landing ; but whenever the exportation takes place
in a vessel of a burden of thirty tons or over, and such vessel clearing
directly for a foreign port has been followed out to open sea by the cus-
tomhouso officials and the goods declared for export under drawback
8 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
have beeu entered upon the vessel's outward custom-hoase clearance,
there ^ ball be required no further certificate of the arrival of the mer-
chandise at the foreign port of landing in order to obtain drawback
upon it.
The above-mentioned drawbacks do not apply to exportations to
Korway, except as regards refined sugar, [>unch, and manufactured
tobacco. Upon these articles the same drawbacks will be granted, even
when they arc exported to above-named country by land, subject to the
following rules for exportations by land routes:
a. The merchandise must, in accordance with forms prescribed by the
royal ordinance of July 12, 1860, concerning exports by land routes
between the United Kingdoms, have been duly declared for export at
the custom- house of the point of shipment, and have been registered
there and have been provided with a '* goods-passport" for a point
where there exists a customhouse and where entry is to be made,
which passport is to accompany the merchandise during transportation;
b. There must be attached to the declaration of export a manufactu<
rer's certificate, such as is described in the beginning of the second
regulation of this paragraph ; and
c. There shall be furnished an attestation from the custom-house au-
thorities at the Norwegian point of destination, to the effect that the
merchandise arrived there with unbroken seals or leads, and that it
was found to correspond with the ** goods-passport" as regards descrip-
tion and quantity.
Should any one import dutiable merchcindise with the intention of
re-exporting the same, whether by sea or land routes, after having been
manipulated or refined in a manner different from any of those men-
tioned* above, and wish to obtain restitution of the duties paid at the
time of importation, this may be allowed, subject to the condition that
such intention shall have been declared in writing at the time of im-
portation, and that the owner of the merchandise shall obey any rules
which the customhouse direction may establish with a view of prevent-
ing abuse of the privilege granted. In order to be entitled to the benefit
of this clause re-exportation must have taken place and have been prop-
erly attested within one year and one day from, the date of importation.
§11.
It shall be the duty of every shipmaster, pursuant to forms prescribed
in the first chapter of the customs regulations, to note down accurately
ui)on his manifest his stock of necessaries, giving description and quan-
tity, under such penalty for neglect as is provided for in said chapter;
and such stores, when found to be needed for the use of the crew whilst
on board, are to be exempt from duty and other imposts at the port of
discharge.
Among such exempt stores may, under stated circumstances, also bo
included tbe following quantities of wine, brandy, coffee, and tea, \iz:
For vessels coming from the BaltiC) or when arriving at any port in Hol-
land or Goteborg and Bohus (west coast of Sweden) from North Sea
l)orts, Holland, England, or the French Atlantic ports, 6 liters of wine, 3
liters of brandy, 1 kilogram of coffee, and 1 hectogram of tea to each per-
son of the ship's crew and passengers; and for vessels coming from other
than Baltic i^orts, with the exception stated above concerning vessels
arriving at ports on the west coast, 9 liters wine, 6 liters brandy, 2 kilo-
grams of coffee, and 2 hectograms of tea to each person as above. At-
tention is called to the fact tbat wine and brandy cannot be substituted
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 9
for each other under the above clauses, so that auy shipmaster having
less than the allowed quantity of the one article cannot on account of
sach deficiency claim any greater allowance of the other ; and further,
that wliatever part of above mentioned four articles is found to exceed
a vessel's proper allowance under the above clauses is to be uncondi-
tionally entered for duty unless the vessel is at once to clear again for
a foreigu voyage. When a vessel, Swedi/<h or foreign, arriving from a
foreign port, is again immediately to engage in a foreign voyage, the
shipmaster may, if he is found to have stores of wine, brandy, coffee,
and tea exceeding in quantity the allowance prescribed in this para-
graph, claim the right to note down the excess upon his manifest for
re-exportation, in which case such excess of stores is to be kept under
costom-house seals in a bonded warehouse or in some safe and proper
place on board the vessel until the ship sails again, when the rules
stated in § 42 of the customs regulations for the control of re-exporta-
tions are to be followed. Should, however, a portion of this excess of
stores, on account of the prolonged stay or such vessel in a Swedish
port, be wanted for the use of the crew on board, such portion may be
given out according to the exigencies of the case, and the stores thus
released are to be deducted from the quantity noted down upon the
manifest for re-exportation.
Other ships' stores than those mentioned above may likewise, subject
to proper official control, when found in quantities exceeding the ves-
sel's needs, whilst in a Swedish port and not intended for entr^'-, be re-
exported with the vessel.
Any stores of domestic production which, as shown by the outward
custom-house clearance, formed part of the stores previously exported
with the vessel, as well as all foreign, not dutiable, stores, may be ex-
empted from entry.
§ 12.
No diminution of duty is to be granted upon goods damaged during
transportation if the importer intends to dispose over such goods ; should
he be of opinion that goods thus damaged ought not to t^ subjected to
the full duty, he may, after the shipmaster has made the proper marine
protest, request official inspection of the merchandise, which inspection
is to be made by a magistrate assisted by two expert and unobjection-
able persons, in the presence of the custom-house director, who is under
official responsibility to control the proceedings with a view to protect-
ing the interests of the Government. In case the merchandise was in-
sured against sea-damage the magistrate is to request the underwriters'
representative — in all ports where such representative is found — to be
present at the inspection ; the absence of such representative, however,
to be no bar to the carrying on of the proceedings. If the merchandise
is found to have suffered damage under transportation, the inspectors
are to give a certificate to that effect ; and further, after proper scrutiny
of all documents relating thereto, give their attestation to the value of
ttimilar merchandise in an undamaged condition. If no objection is
made to the proceedings, the custom house director is to affix his ap-
proval to the inspection certificate, which the non-sworn members of the
inspecting board may be required to subscribe to under oath. The cus-
tom-house direction is thereupon, after previous advertising, to sell the
damaged goods at public auction, whereby in consideration of the goods
being sold from bonded warehouse and duty-free, any part subject to
ad valorem duties is to bo assessed in accordance with the price real-
ized at the auction sale, and in the case of merchandise paying specific
duty, such duty is to be lowered in the same proportion than the price
10
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
realized at the sale bears to the valae established for snch merchandise
in an undamaged state ; the proceeds of the sale are, after deduction
of duties, to be handed over to the importer. Should the owner neglect
to establish the damaged state of the merchandise fourteen days beyond
the time prescribed by § 21 of the customs regulations for making such
declaration (of damage) to the custom-house direction, such owner is
to be held resi)onaible for the payment of the full duty, unless he, within
that time, advises the custom-house directiou iu writing that he aban-
dons his claim upon the damaged merchandise, which, in that case, is to
be sold at public auction for account of the Grovemment.
Proceedings to be taken in regard to the entry of merchandise saved
from wrecked vessels coming from foreign ports are set forth in the fifth
chapter of the customs regulations.
§ 13.
Concerning reciprocal commerce between Sweden and Norway, the
existing or forthcoming regulations are to be followed.
All whom it may concern are dutifully to observe these instructions.
In faith whereof we have hereunto set our hand and have caused
our royal seal to be affixed. Stockholm Castle, December 3, 1880.
[L. s.] OSCAR.
llANS FORSSELL.
ERNEST L. OPPENHEIM,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Gothenburg^ January ^2, 1880.
THE SCHEDULE OF THE SWEDISH TARIFF.
(IN FOKCE FROM JANUARY 1, 1881.)
[Translated and forwarded to tbo Department by Consul Oppenlioim, of Gotbenborg.]
Abbreviations oaed : u. e. »., not eUewbere specified ; s. c., so called.
Articles.
Dutiable
unit.
Absintbe; to be classed with Liqaears.
Accordeons; to be classed with Indostrial prodaotionB not provided for.
Ethers and ether spiritnosas, s. c. Hoffman's drops
Other ethers, comi)osite or mixed, such as saltpeter-ether, vinegsr-ether, froit-
ether, cognac, rum; arrack-ea(»enco or oil, Si.o
Scrapings, waste and shavings, n. e.s
Agate, worked or rough : onset
When set in gold or silver, to be weighed with and pay same duty as the set-
ting; when set in any other material, to be classed with Jewelry goods.
Alabaster, worked or rough, n.e.s
Albums; etuis to be weighed along with albums
Albumen; classed with Chemico-technical preparations.
Alcannas root ,
Aloes; classed with Apothocarie«' stock and drugs.
Altho) root
Alum, all kinds
Ambergris.
Aniline colors; classed with Chemico-technical preparations.
Anise seed
Crude antimony, spetsglaus, and regulus
Oranges
Orange-peel, dried ...
Apothccanes* stock and drugs; all not otherwise provided for, simple or com-
]>onn(l, when impoited by druggists and other persons aathorized by the Cen-
tral Health Bureau to deal iu Ruch wares : by scientific men for scientific pur-
poses, or by raunnfacturers needing such materials in their industries
lUter.
1 liter.
Daty.
Ikilog...
Ikilog ..
1 kilog
*Kr. ort.
1.20
1.20
Free.
Free.
Free.
1.00
Free.
Free.
Frte.
Free.
Free.
25
.25
.25
FMe.
The Swedish kroner=$0.20.8.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
U
The tariff of Swedef^—Continued,
Articles.
Ardiitoetanl works (SeeScalptares.)
Arzack. (See Brandy and Spirits )
▲laenie ; when imported by dmginsts or under a license granted by the mine
iatry of commerce, for ose in manufactures ^.
▲aei^ine ; classed with Chemico-technical preparations.
Asphaltom
AsphaUum felt (See Paper for sheathing.)
Asphaltom pipes; classed with Mach-nery, implements, and tools not specified.
Ashes, raw; of wood or of other vegetable origin
Potash, raw, refined or calcined
Boxes and caskets ; classed with the material, worked, of which they are made ;
when composed of more than one material, or of a material tliat is not specified
in tariff
(hpimeat; classed wiih Colors and dve-stuffs.
Bsisam ; copaiva, Pemvian, or any oiher pure balsam
Bibb<ms :
Silk Telret and pure silk
Hslf silk
KOTE.— No allowance to be made if the silk in *' half-silk " ribbons amounts
to less thsD half the weight.
Other kinds of ribbons, includiog such wherein caont-chonc, India rubber,
and similar materials are used, even if silk is a component part of them . .
KOTB- — No allowance to bo made for weight of paper- wrapping or bobbins.
Bark, all not otherwise provided for.
Barometers. (See Physical Instruments.)
Bast and bast-rope
Bast-matting .^
Pitch and pitch-oil
Bobs and ivory (includes whalebone) :
nnw<Hked[, of every kind, includinjg therein plates for piano-forte keys, cot,
split, orsawn bone, and grouiMfbone or bone-flour
Worked:
Ivory and walms-task
All other kinds
BoDO-Mack, bone ooal. ox bistro
Barberry -root
Amber (yellow) :
JELaw and nnworked, also when worked but onset
Set in gold or silver: to be weighed with and pay same dnty as the setting.
Set in other material ; to be clMsed with Jewelry goods.
Jewehy goods of aoy other material than gold or silver, such as bracelets,
broaches, chains, crosses, rings, seals, buckles, &.e
KoTB. — No deduction alloived for the weight of etuis or jow6lry cases, or
for pastebosrd oards to which articles are fastened.
Seolpiarrs and architectural works, when they are works of art
Other kinds of sculptures and architectural works :
Of wood
Of any other material, of which the manufactures are not specially provided
for
Bees, in hives
Printed blanks, for commercial use. (See Paper.)
Tin piste st licles, n. e. s. :
U^jl^)anned
Japanned
Blood, of animals of all Idnds
Natural, fresh
Artificial ; of eloth, paper, straw, feathers, or similar substances
Parts of artificial flowers
NOTB I. — ^By "Ports of artifloial flowers " are only understood leaves in
bundles, single ears or buds, &c., not bound together or inserted.
Note IL — No deduction allowed for the weight of boxes, paper, or similar
covering.
Natural, dned
nower bulbs
Unworked, in pig^ or sheets
Worked, n. e. s. :
Unpainted and ui^apanned
Painted or japanned
Black lc«d
Lead pencila. all kinds
Sugar of lead
Yam spun of hards ; hemp or linen
Writing ink (no allowance made for weight of bottles or j ngs>
lakpowders
Bobmns; classed with Machinery, implements, ind tools not specified.
Bookhinden* cloth or sixed and embossed cotton cloth. (See Textiles.)
Book covers, when separate
Dutiable
unit.
Ikilog
1 kilog
1 kUog
1 kilog
Doty.
Kr. ore.
Free.
Free.
Free
Free.
50
Free.
Ikilog
1 kilog
I kilog
Ikilog
IkUog
Ikilog
1 kilog
1 kilog
1 kilog
I kilog
Ikilog
3.50
2.30
1.10
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
1.20
.35
.2
Free.
Free.
.80
Free.
Free.
00
Free.
.24
.35
Free.
Free.
Free.
10 00
4.0O
Free
Free.
Free.
IkUog
1 kilog
Ikilog
Ikilog
Free.
Free.
Free.
07
35
35
.00
.35
(X>
12
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
The turiff of Sweden — Continaed.
ArtldM.
Letter-dies, printiiig type, clioh6e, etereotype or electrotype plates, etobed or
engrayed pUtes
Prinlioff inu or colori, need for book or copper printing or litbogmphy ; to be
clasBMl with Colors and dye-stnflh.
Bole clay, wbiteandred, and terra sigillata
Cotton
6nn-cotton. (See Powder.)
Borax and boraoioacid
Bristles; classed with Hair.
Brashes:
Moonted in nnpolisbed or painted wood or iron
Monnted in polished or Japanned wood
Mounted in bone, bom, or other material
Masons' and housepainters' bmshes; to be classed with Machinery, imple-
ments, and tools not specified.
Bouillon de poche
Letter envelopes and paper bags
Britsnnia metal. (See Metals, not specified.)
Embroideries, all kinds ; complete or only begun, pay same duty an the material
upon which the embroidei^ is applied, with tne addition of 20 per cent.; but
when such material is on the free list, there shall be levied a duty of 10 per
eeni. (id valorem.
NoiK. — ISo deduction allowed for weight of paper to which embroideries may
be fastened.
Embroidery canvas:
Of silk
Of silk, with another textile
Of wool
Of paper
All other kinds, composed of one or several materials
Embroidery pat terns
Bronse; classed with Metals, not specified.
Bronze powder, weight of pap>er- wrapping included
BniDsten (mauganeae superoxide)
Brandy and spirits:
Id barrels or casks:
Distilled fh>m grain, potatoes or other roots
Dutiable
unit.
Ikilog ..
Ikilog...
IkUog...
IkUog...
Ikilog...
Ikilog ..
Ikilog ..
I kUog . .
1 kilog —
Ikilog ..
IkUog...
Distilled from rice: arrack
Distilled from sugar: rum
Distilled from grapes:
When the brandy or spirits is msnufkctured in France and imported
directly from teat country by sea
When mauufactored in any other country or imported in any other
way
Distilled fram other fhiit than grapes
In bottles or stone Jugs:
All kinds of brandy and spirits (regardless of percentage of alcohol) —
• !NoTB I. — In order to be entitled to the benefit of the lower duty upon spirits
of French manufacture, it is necessary to produce a certificate either of the
authorities at the place of production, of the collector of the port of export,
or of the Swedish consul or vice-consul at the point of shipment, stating
that the spirits are made of grapes and distilled in France ; such certificate,
when given by a French ofi^ial, must be duly attested by a Swedish consul
or vice-consul.
NoTB II.— Brandy or spirits of a difilsrent strength than the one above given
is to be reduced to the normal stiength of 50 per cent, in the way prescribed
by regulations.
NOTS III. — Should the spirits be found to contain sugar or other foreign sub-
stances, thereby vitiatuig the data of the alcoholometer, such spirits Is to be
classed with Liqueurs.
Bread:
BiMuits, cakes, ginger-snaps, and similar articles ; all that cannot be classed
with confectionery, wrapping immediately surrounding the articles to be
weighed with them ,
All other kinds
Shrubs
Bottles. (See Glass.)
Boats. (See Ships and Boats.)
Ladies' belts, garters, woven straps for dresses and similar articles ; to be classed
with Suspenders.
B*)n ics, n. e. s. (S^ Fruit)
Berry-wine or sirups; to be classed with Wines.
Books:
Printed
Blank ; ruled or unruled, pay same duty as paper with 20 per cent, added
thereto.
With raised letters for the use of the blind
1 liter of
spirits.*
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1 Uter.
IkUog ..
Duty.
K.T.OTB.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.12
.24
.46
Free.
.24
3. SO
2.40
L70
.35
1.20
.20
.35
Free.
.60
.00
.00
.44
.60
.60
.88
.10
Free.
Free.
Fieo.
Free.
* Containing 50 per cent, pure alcohol at a temperature of \iP Cdaiua.
TAKIFFS OF THE 8BV£BAL COimTBIES.
13
The tarif of Sweden — Continned.
AiikHm.
an
or
CbMdUe; eUModwith
(ehMopignoiw) weiriit of e«ia inelndod
tth MiUUiT baboTdMhery.
ery.
Cidor; rloied with Wioeo.
Chiceory rooi
iMinMd or ground ; rimed with RoMted niAtoriolo naod m sabotitntes
« Jnieo
Salts oiMBBoa or crja^ised citric add.
pcel,driMi
(ScoCoaL)
^«ciUea ; daaaed with liaohinerr, implementa, and tools not specified.
, pUteaax with belongixiKs, and omamonts, n. e. s., to be saltJect to
ittty as the material, w<wked, forming their cliief component part.
ottkom*Bstting
Ompe socar ; to be rlasiwri with Bsw sogar, of darker o<^r than Na 18 Ihitch
Down, of ail Mads
AsafoCidn; claassd with Apothecaries* stock.
In balk
JoBiper jam.
(See Volatile oila. )
PSfwr labels and tags. (See Paper.)
Ktois and traTelIng necessaries, made of materials not otherwise provided for,
with or without Mkogings
Ships and boats, with all appnrtensnoes
Faleace. (See Porcelain. )
(indodes boiled oils)
Korm.— So-called ** spirit varnish," consisting of spirits with a small addition
of resin or similar sobstanoes, to be dasaed with Brandy and spirits.
Files : classed with Machinery, implements, and tools not spedfled.
ThimMes, of all materiala except gold Mid sUver
Salted or pickled ; anchovies, sardines, snd tonnj
ki "
All other kinds
Whalebone. (See Bmie and ivory. )
nah joe, aalted. (See Caviar.)
Fiah skins, raw or prepared
With qnills yet in ....
With qniU* taken oai.
Forthenseof raOway rdling-stock
Hoepskirt springs, covered. (See JBonnet-fraoies, Ac)
Watch-springs; classed with Watch materials.
An other kinds of springs to be classed with manulhctares of the material
of which the springs consist.
pnttleftsh bone, Ossssnus
and personal emscts :
Msariea for traveUnft accompanied by the owner, when the custom-
house officers are latinied that such do not exceed his needs during the
Other old or previously-used articles and portable property, when after due
oath given l>y the owner that such are intended only for personal use and
not for sale, the custom-house officers Mrs satisfied that such do not sxceed
rbeiry sirup. (See Sirups.)
XMerbetrywino. (See Wines.)
Umow (See Yanishes.)
Uviac
Saoglitered or shot : daaaed with Meats.
StaAd ; daaaed with Natural curiosities.
naandleadfoU
Molda, of aU matoriala, when they are for use in msnulhctares and can be looked
ImpleaaeBta or toob »
Dutiable
unit.
Ikilog
IkUog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kHog.
1 kUog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
Ikilog.
1 kUog.
1 kilog.
1 kUog.
Ikilog...
Fhstofiaphic viewa and portndta. (See Oopper prints.)
*See 9 5, appended instructions.
Ikilog...
Duty.
Kr, ore.
Frte.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.M
.Oi
Free.
Free.
U
.2S
.80
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.80
Free.
.25
.24
.28
.38
.60
Free.
Free.
Free.
•
Free.
88
Free.
14
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
The tariff of Sweden — Continaed.
Articles.
Dutiable ; jy ^
unit. ! *'"*J'-
Fmits aod berries, n. ei a. :
Freeh
Preaerred in brandy or vinegar, the weight of cana or bottlea included
Dried
When preaerred in sugar ; olaaaed with Jelliea aod confectionery.
Seeds:
Canary ,
All otner kinds, n.e.a
Fireworks
Colon and dye-stuft :
White lead, zinc white, and krems
Cochineal
Indigo, indico extract, andcarminoof indigo
^OTB. — Aoove-mentioned colors, wht<n prepared in oils or olhMrwlse, may
be classed with aame colors unprepared.
All other kinds of colors and dyes, prepared or unprepared, n.e.s
Paint-boxes, with colors and other belongings, also paints in shells, glass, &o. ..
NoTB. — No deduction to be made for the weight of ooxea, sbeLs, glass, or other
belongings.
Dyers' I ichen, all kinds
Dye-woods, in logs or nnraspcd, all kinds; also all other unprepared planta or
parte of plants used for dyeing, n. e. s
Galanearoot
Calamine (cadmia)
Gall-nuts
Window-shades, of cotton, linen, or hemp, painted or printed
Dividivi
Ikilog.
1 kUog.
Ikilog.
Kr. ore.
Free.
.50
.25
Ikilog
Tama:
Cotton, simple or double, in skeins or upon bobbins :
Uncolored
Colored or printed, all kinds
Ill 0TB.— In case it appears doubtful if yam entered as " Double cotton
yam " should rather not bo entered as cotton thread, the importer will
be required to furnish expert teatimony to the cfifect that the article
really is what it is declared to be, before being allowed the benefit of
the lower duty upon "double cotton yam."
Mohair and woolen yam, all kinds :
Uncolored
Colored or bleached. s.c. "Gloss yam" included
Linen yarn :
Uncolored and unbleached
Colored or bleached
Jute:
Uncolored and unbleached
Colored or bleached
Sail aod twine yams, of all kinds, therein including crass yam
NOTB. — Yarns composed of two or more materials, suoject to diffei'ent
rates of duty, are to pay duty as if consisting of the material which
pays the highest impost, irrespective of Uie proportion of each compo-
nent part.
Gasomo ers, ad valorem
Gelatine. (See Glue.)
Gin. (See Brandy and Spirits.)
Gentian root
Guns, all kinds ; weight of gun-cases and other belongings included
Parts of guns paj' same duty as the material, worked, of which such parts
are made.
Gypsum (plas ter of Pari s)
Gypsum manufactures, n. o. s
Glass :
Pots, jars, bottles, and flasks, also apotheenries' jars with name blown in
Window, unpoliKhed or dim-ground
For the use of chemical laboratories
For chandeliers or candelabra
Optical glasses, separate and unset
Gloss roof-tiles
Sidelights for vessels, not unfler 7 niillimetors thick nor over 10 square deci-
meters supei-ficies, with or without frames
PlatC'glasa:
Unpolished, s. c. "rough plate-glass "
Polished : nnsilvered
Polished : silvered , , ,
Watcb-glasaes
All other kinds, including decantrrs and pressed or polished flagons
Colored glass :
Polished or nnpolishod, but unset
When set in gold or silver, to be wci;];hed with and pay same duty as
the Betting.
Set ill any other material ; to pay duty as jewelry goocls.
Glass-gall or sandiver
1 kUog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog.
1 kilog.
Ikilog.
IkUog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog
1 kilog .
100 kroner.
1 kilog,
1 kilog.
1 kilog .
1 kilog
1 kilog*.
1 kilos ■ .
1 kilo;?..
1 kilog.,
1 kilog . .
IkUog.
Free.
10
.00
.07
.80
.20
Free.
.80
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
M
.10
.88
.24
.85
.24
.47
Free.
.12
.24
5.00
Free.
.50
Free.
Free.
Free.
.02
.07
.12
Free.
Free.
lYee.
.7
.12
.24
.24
.85
1.40
Free.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
15
The tariff of Sweden — Continued.
Articles.
Dutiablo
iinit.
Glaoiera' diamondB, mounted ; to b« classed with Machinexy, implements, and
iodla not speeifled.
Broken gLaas
dauber salts. (See Salts.)
Litharge
(i lobes (Ideographical)
Pomejn^nares. (See Finite.)
Pomejn'anate peel
SUtepencils> mounted or nnmonnted
Grita, all kinds*
lirass. n.CkS , nnmanafaotored
(^on d, hackled, or unraveled
Grass-mat* aad grass-rope
VeertaMes:
jFresh
Prcserred in brandy or vinegar, the weight of jars or cans Included
Dried w salted
Gold:
Unworked
TVorked
Gold leaf, genuine or imitation
KOTB — ^Weight of papersheets between which gold leaf is laid to be in-
cluded.
Gold in the shape of powder or dost for painters' nse
Military haberdashery, of gold or silver:
Borders, npanglee, fringes, galloons, cords, and other articles, n. o. s
Gums, all kinos, n. e. s.
Gutt»-perclia, unworked or rolled in sheets
Manufactures of:
Pines, hose, snd buffers
Goloshes, when tiimmed with fur, are to bo classed with India-rubber
clothing.
Other gott»-percha manufactures, n. e. s., and not belonging to the cate-
gory of machinery, implements, tools, or parts thereof.
Fcrtilisera, au kinds, n. e.8
Shot
Straw
Mannfactnios of, n. e.s
Xeck-cloth stiffenings
Hemp, unhackled or hackled, Jute included therein
Glovea, aU kinds
Glove leather, ready-cut for glove-makiug
Resin and resin varnish
Hats, fully or imrtly manufactured :
Of silk, half silk, or any otber material not mentioned below, also ladies'
bonnots, all kinks
Of wool, hair, felt, or plush . .
Of str^w, includin ' s. c. '* Panama hats"
Other kinds, as of chip, roots or leaves, uf oil-cloth, oiled skin, and s. c. "sou-
westers"
XOTS. — Hats composed of several materials pa3' dutj* as if manufactured of
the material forming their chief component part.
Hat linings, of silk or any other textile when united to another material
Hat ahapes, with or without stiffening ; to be classed with the manufactures
to which they are most nearly allitMl.
ll'jney .'
Horn:
Unworked
liaoufactured:
Sheeta and laminse
Platea for lant horns, &o
Buttons, polished or unpolished
Other horn manufactures
Hides and skins (includes leather) :
When they cannot be looked upon as furs :
Cnprepared, all kinds
Prepared:
Solo-leather snd alnm-tanncd leather, also chamois-dressed hides and
skins
All other kinds of leather
Fare:
Unprepared :
Goat, reindeer, seal, elk, deer, kangaroo, roebuck, bare, and sheep
skins, excepting gray Crimean and grnuino Antrachan
Beaver, skunk, chinchilla, marten, niiuk, sable, blaek and blue fox,
and otter
All other kinds
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilo^:
i kilog'
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 pice<).
1 pioco.
1 pioco
1 piece
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog
1 kilog
1 kilog..
1 kilog.
Duty.
Kr. ore.
Freo.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.7
Free.
Free.
.50
.26
Freo.
1*^.00
2.40
2.40
2.40
Free.
Free.
Free.
.94
Free.
.7
Free.
.04
2.40
Free.
2.40
.70
Free.
1 50
.40
.40
.40
1.80
.10
Free.
Free.
.60
.40
1.20
Free.
.16
.50
Free.
2 40
60
* See ^ 5, appended instructions.
16
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Ttie loriff nf ^trfc/eii— Coniiuucd.
Articlvft.
Prepared:
iXKwe or Mwed together:
Goat, reindeer, teal, elk, deer, kaafforoo, roebnok, bare, and aheep
akins, excepting gray Crimean and genaino Aatracnan
All other kinds nay aamc duty as similar Aira, unprepared, irith
the addition or 20 per cent
Far mannfiictarea, each as tar coats, mnfb, far collars, See., pay same daty as
the prepared far of which they ore made, with the addition of 20 per cent
Lop«
lODSt
Lobsters.
Spermaceti
Beetroots:
Baw...
Cot and dried
Birthwort root
Hair:
Horsehair
Other kinds. n.e.s
Hair or horsehair manafactures, with or withoat setting or framing
Hair tinctaro or dyes; classed with Chemioo-technical prepMationa
Hooks, hooks and eyes
KOTB. — "So deduction allowed for weight of boxes or of pasteboard to which
hooks are fastened.
Sospenders cr parts thereof:
Of sUk or half silk
All ether kinds, Iheiein iuclading such silken ones as are partly c4>mpostd of
caoatchoac, India-mbbcr, or smiilar materials
KoTK. — N'o deduction allowed for weight of buckles or rings.
Hay
Ginger:
l>ried
Preserved, weight of Jugs included
Insects; classed with Natand curiosities.
]nsect>powder
Instruments:
Surgical, mathematical, optical, physical, and nautical, of all kinds, withoat
or with ituia or cases; therein iucludcd mounted optical glasses, barome-
ters, and thermometeis, also industrial instruments; to do classed with
Machinery, implements and tools, not specified,
llosioal :
Plutes, clarinets, andobo^
Guitars, lutes, violins, violoncellos, contrabaasoe, frenoh horns, trumpets,
post-horns, .signaMioms, drums, kettledrums, harpsichords, barrel-
organs, and harps
Piano-fortes:
Square or upright
Grand pianos
Music-boxes
KOTB.— Music-boxes of which the case is made of gold, silver, or tor-
toise-shell, are to be classed as manufkotures of those materials.
Organs and harmoniums, ad valorem
Musical instruments not specified are to be classed with those among the
above-mentioned kinds to which they are most nearly allied.
NOTB A. — No more than two bows, two mouth-pieces, itc, to be allowed
to each instrument. A ny above that number, as well as all belongings
to musical instnmients when separately invoiced, are to pay 10 per
cent, ad valorem.
Horn B. — ^Instruments which ftom their dimensions and general con-
struction are plainly intended for toys are to be classed as such,
ghip-flt tings and furniture, n. e. s., when not conaistlng of household articles and
wearing apparel ; also ship fittings and furniture, orall kinds, when belonging
to wrecked or distressed foreign vessels
Lard, all qualities
ifavn:
Dutiable
uniL
lkik>g.
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog...
Cast:
Pig and ballast iron, worthless cannon, shells, mortars, and csnnon Iwlls. .
Shells and cannon balls, when gauged to a definite standard and filed,
cannon, field-pieceai swivels, mortars when stamped and bored, also
gun-carriages, small or large
Cannon, fielu-pieces, swivels, and mortars, all unstamped and unbored ;
also oooking-range covers and iron weights
Iron pots, pans, kettles, stoves, ranges and galley-ranges, railings with
stays and door-posts ; also look-gates
Cast-iron articles, n. e. s. :
For railway plant, or for machinery or parts thereof; to be classed
with Machinery, implements, and tools not specified.
Common goo«ls:
•Axles, scales, mortars and pestles, pressing and smoothing irons,
tapping irons, dto
IkUog
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
Duty.
Kr,drt,
.IB
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.•1
Oi
eo
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 piece...
1 pieoe
1 pieoe —
1 piece....
1 kilog....
100 kroner
1 kilog....
IkUog ..N
1 kilog....
1 kilog.
%4%
L2»
Free.
50
Free.
LOO
40.00
00.00
Lao
0.00
Frea
.01
An
.07
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL C0UNTEIE8.
17
The tariff of Sweden — Continaed.
Articles.
Iron Continued.
Cost^-Continned. ^
Common good»— Con tinned.
b Firc-fttanda, foot-scrapera, ]>ftdIock«, coffee-mills, c>opying*pre88es,
nmbrella-stuids, spittoons, Sec
Finer goods :
a Bss-reliefs, flower-TSMS, busts, froit dpergnes, baskets, candle-
sticks, lamps, medallions, paper-weigbts. plateaux, incense-ves-
sels, watcb-stands, 6cc., witb or without, coloring or japanning
b Bracelets, chains, crosses, pins, rings, &c. ; to be classed with Jew-
elry goods.
Buttons, j spanned or ui^j apanned
Shoe^ nails
Wrought or rolled :
Anchors, bolts of all descriptions, anchor-drags, chain-cables, chain-stop-
pers, hooks, rudder-hinges, and ship's knees
Chains, when the iron of which the links are forged is less than 6 milli-
meters in diameter
Sledge hammers and anvils; to be classed with machinery, implements,
and tools not specified.
Iron in bars, all kinds, regardless of form or dimensions, therein included
beam, band, hoop, T and angle iron; also insots
BaOway material, n. e. s.. or parts thereof; to be claMcd with machinery
implements, and tools not specified.
Bailwsy-bars, with their fisb-plates, fish-plate bolts, screw-nuts, and
spikes
Other screw-nuts and screws ; also nails of a diameter of 12 millimeters
or over
Safes and iron bedsteads, ad valorem
Plates; galvanised, tinned or untioned, but not further advanced in
manufacture ; also plates of 3 millimeters or more in thickness, more
or less advanced in manufacture, and other similar materials for fur-
tiier manipulation
Shoe-nails, clipped or cut
Kails of 45 milnmoters in length or over
All other nails and all other hand or factory made wrought-iron goods,
not otherwise provided for:
When |M>1ishe<l or Jspanned ;.
Otb*-r kinds, with or without a coat of paint
Gilded, silvered, and plated articles ; classed with metals, not speci-
fied.
Iron stain ; classed with chemico-tecbnical preparations.
Scrap-iron, cast, wrought, or rolled
PoUshing-earth
Jnte. (^ec Hemp.)
Precious stones, set or unset
Tesst, sU kin<ls
Coffee, green
Bossted coffee, and every substitute for coffee in the roasted state
Cacao
When ground or grated ; to be classed with chocolate.
Cacao shells
Dutch tiles, all kinds
Lime, slaked or unslaked
Cslamus (sweet fiag) »....
Camphor, raw or refined
Camphene ; to be classed with fossil or mineral oils, rectified.
Cinoamon, cinnamon buds, and cassia lignea
Cspers, weight of jars included
Csrbolic acid ; classed with chemico-tecbnical preparations.
Burdocks and carding combs
Cardamon
Csrds and carding-leather ; to be classed with machinery, implements, and tools
not specified.
Bonnet-framee and similar wire and tape fkames
Note. — No deduction for weight of paper- wrapping or stuffing.
Maps
Chestnuts .
Unmanufactured ,
Indi-rubber, vulcanised or unvuloanised :
Manufactured :
Boiled in sheets of 1 millimeter in thickness or over, with or without tex-
tile woof
Of a thickness less than 1 millimeter, without textile woof
With woof; to be classed with water-proof textile manufactures.
Pipe, hose, and buffers
Shoes bordered with tar. classed with India-rubber clothing.
Xrasing-mbber, mounted in wood
All other India-rubber manufactures, n. e. s., and which cannot be classed
with maohinery, implements, tools, or jMcts thereof
Caviar; indodcaall fish-roe, salted ••
Dutiable
units.
Duty.
Ikilog...
1 kilog....
1 kilog....
1 kilog....
1 kilog
100 kroner
Kr.dre,
.15
.25
.15
.07
Free.
.12
Free.
Free.
Free.
10.00
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog....
1 kilog....
1 kilog....
1 kilog
1 kUog....
1 kilog
1 kilog....
1 kUog....
Free.
.07
.03
.35
.15
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
1 kilog....
1 kilog....
1 kilog...
1 kUog...
1 kOog..
1 kilog..
.26
.35
.30
.10
.05
Free.
Free.
Free.
.85
.40
Free.
L20
LIO
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.04
Free.
.04
.M
1.80
1784 CONG — A P-
18
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
The tariff of Sweden — Continued.
AiticleB.
Chemioo-tecbDical preparations, d. e. a., iDcladea albameDf aniline colora, glycer-
ine, hair-dyes, carboUo acid, collodion, &c., ad yalorem
Lamp-black
Cinchona-bark
Putty and cementing pastes, all kinds
Bran, all kinds
Chlor calcin m
Chloride of kalium
Clothing, n. e. s. :
New wearing apparel, or parts thereof, new table-linen, towels, sheets, pillow-
cases, Sec., with other similar hoosehold articles, even when each articles are
marked or trimmed with embroideries, galloons, fringes, blondes, or laces,
are to pay duty as manufactures of the cloth or material forming the chief
component part of such articles, with an addition of 20 percent.
NOTK. — ^In the case of wearing apparel the outer cloth is to be taken as a basis
for asspssine the duty : but 8hould it be found difficult to ascertain what la
the material forming the chief component part of such outer cloth, the ma-
terial payine the highest duty is to be chosen as such chief component part.
Oiled or varnished clothing, not including such as are covered with India-rub-
ber or gutta-percha, pay same duty as the cloth of which such clothing is
made, without any addition of duty.
NOTS— Should it be found difficult to asceriain of what kind of cloth oiled or
varnished clothing is made, such clothing is io be classed with *' Waxed tex-
tile manufactures, other kinds." Ai-ticlee of clothinc that are knit or knot-
ted or made upon the knitting-machine, such as hoods, jackets, and under-
wear, even when provided with buttons, braid, ice, are to pay duty as knit
floods without addition,
wearing apparel, belonging to seamen or travelers, when evidently in use, ac-
companied by the owner, and not exceeding his personal needs
Hoofs, Classed with Hoin. unmanufactured.
Guu-caps, weight of boxes included
Acorns, ground or unground
Buttons:
Of horn. (See Horn )
Of ii*on. (Ste Iron.)
Muiufactnrcd of more than one material or of a material not provided for . .
All other kinds to be classed with manufactures of the substance of which
they are maile.
Note I.— Where buttons of glass, horn, metal, mother of pearl, or Jet are only
composed of several materials in so far as the shank is of a different snh-
stance, such buttons are to be classed as manufactures of glass, horn,
metal, dec.
Note II.— No deduction to be allowed for weight of pasteboards to which
buttons may be fastened or of the bpxes conUitning them.
Knives:
Razors, with or without Attit
Penknives
NoTK.— Knives having other implements or blades besides penknife blades
are to be classed with Penknives.
Knives for chipping, for the use of seamen or other oMne use
Table knives and other kinds, n. e. s. ; also forks :
With handles of silver, Britannia metal, ivory, or walma tusk
With handles of any other substance
Cobalt ore and cobalt
Coiffures (head-dresses) to be subject to the same provisions as Clothing.
Charcoal
Collodion, classed with Chemico-technical preparations.
Jellies and confectionery (includes Jams and fruits preserved in sugar; also
sugar-plums and pastilles)
Preserves, comestibles in hermetically-closed cans or Jars, weight of the cans
and Jars to be included
Copper :
Kaw or refined
Hammered, rolled, or cast:
In plates or in other shapes for further manipulation
Copper plates snd nails lor ships' bottoms
All other completed manufactures:
Unpolished
Polished
Nickel and copper-nickel
Scrap copper or old copper only fit for resmeltine ; also copper ashes
Copper-pnnts, steel ana wood engravings; also lithographic and photographic
^productions, n. Ot s. :
Wlien unframod
Framed. (See Pictnre-fhunes.)
Corals, genuine, un worked or worked but unset
Set in gold or silver, to be weighed with and pay same duty as the setting.
Set in any other material, to pay duty as Jewel^ goods.
Sausages
Dutiable
unit
100 kroner
IkUog ...
Duty.
IkUog
i'kiiog!
Ikilog.
IkUog.
Ikilog..
IkUog..
1 kUog.
1 kilog.
1 kUog.
1 kilog.
Ikilog.
IkUog.
IkUog.
Ikilog....
JTr. dr«.
S.00
.14
Free.
.07
Free.
.02
Fr«e.
Lao
Free.
60
.60
1.20
.14
1.20
.24
Free.
Tne,
.60
.30
Free.
Free.
Free.
.35
.70
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
20
TABIFF8 OF THE SBVERAL COONTBIES.
19
Tke tariff of Sweden — Continued.
ArtidM.
Basket work :
or anpeetod twigs or oottTM chips
All otoer kinds
CoiisDder
Carrsats.
Corks, cnt :
Not moantsd
Mounted ■
Cork bsrk, anmsnafiustured
Cork soles
When a textile material or leather is a component part of them ad valorem . .
Anmsla, Uvintc ; all kinds ■
Animals' feed or fodder; alln.e.s
Boopskirts. made of springs covered with thread or jam and held together hy
tapes sewed thereon, are to be classed ss Clothmg of tape or ribbon ; if the
skins are made of cloth and provided with springs, they are to pay duty as
Clothing made of the cloth used as the onter covering of such skirts.
Crystal manafactnrps ; to be classed with Glass, all other kinds.
Clialk, white, and chalkstone, whole or gronnd, also red and black chalk and
pastel chalks .
When mounted or set ; to be classed with Pencils.
Fish-hook s
Bichromate of potash ; classed with Colors and dye-stuffs, not specified.
Pottery manufactures : n. o. s., nnglaxed or glased, painted or nnpainted, also
terra-cotta and terralith
O «mpowder and other explosives or cartridges made of such
Tincture for coloring wine :
When mixed with water; classed with Sirups.
When mixed with spirits ; chuwed with Liqueurs.
Carraway seed
Walking-canea, all kinds
Cases, boxes, cans, iars, baling and all similsr articles, when evidently used
simply to protect the merchandise therein packed, except where it is specisUy
provided that the weight of such packing shall be indnded in assessing duty . .
Meals of all kinds
Sealing-wax
Japanned or lacquered ware :
Of tinned plate. (See Tin-plate manufactures.)
Of lead. (See Lead, worked )
Of leather. (See Leather manufactures.)
Of psateboard. (See Pasteboard mannfactares.)
Of tin. (See Tin, manufactured.)
Of wood. (See Wood msnufactares.)
Of Jtinc. (See Zinc, worked.)
All other kinds. n.e.s
Pstent leather ; to be classed with Hides and skins.
Laord leaves and berries
root
Lamps snd lanterns ; to be classed with Mannfactares of the material which is
their chief component part.
NoTB.~Glass globes Ddonglng to lamps are to be classed with Glass.
Toys:
When made of wood or of more than one material, with or withont staining,
painting, or japanning
AM other kinda ; to be classed with Manufactures of the material of which
they are made.
KoTK.— No deduction allowed for the weight of paper, boxes, Slo., imme-
diatdy sorroanding toys.
Oay
Clay pipes. (See Pipe-bowls.)
Scythes ; to be classed with Machinery, implements, and tools not spediled.
liqnenrs
Gloe:
Dutiable
tmit.
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog
1 kilog
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilo«r . ■
100 kroner.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog. .
1 kilog
1 kilog.
IkOog.
lainglass snd gdatice.
All other kinds
Freah ; elaaaed with Lemons.
Salted ; classed with Preserved fhrits.
Lime inice ; classed with Lemon Jnioe.
Flax, hackled and nohackled
Lentils ; daseed with grain and breadstnlb.
Candles:
Of tallow and palmitlne
All other kin<
Chaadelieis or parts thereot n. e. a ; to be classed with mamifhctaies of the ma-
terial which 18 their chief component part, without dedacting the wdght of
lamp-chimneya or glsas globes thereto belonging.
Bmelhng waters, eanx de toilette. Sec. , weight of bottles included
Bags, slso if already prepared for the paper mannfactare
lUter .
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
Duty.
.10
.(X)
.26
.25
.35
1.20
Free.
.85
10.00
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.07
.12
.04
2.7C
Free.
Free.
.60
.60
Free.
.12
.12
Free.
60
Free.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog
.76
L70
.14
Free.
.or
.12
LOO
Fr«^.
I
20
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
The tariff of Sweden — Continued.
Article*.
Lout ■
Leather. (See Hides and skioa.)
Leather manofactarea, n. e. a., are to pay the aame duty aa the leather which la
their chief component part with the addition of 20 per cent.
Note.— Leather belting, aewed or riveted, or otherwiae evidently intended
for nae in connection with machinery, tobe claaaed with Partaof machinery
Laata, for ahoemaking
Oniona, all kinds, n. e. a
Mattreaaea ; to be claaaed with Bedding.
NOTB.— Mattresses provided with frames or apringa to be claaaed with Man-
ufactured goods not mentioned in tariflL
Indian com, giouud orunground
Midzena. (See Starch.)
Orea, all kinda. u. e. a
Oreapecimena
Malt liqnora :
In barrels:
Porter
All other kinda
In bottlea or Juga:
Porter
All other kinda ^ »
Almonda
Mica
Maaka
Machinery, implementa, and tools, or parts thereof, n.e.s
Machine and wagon greaae
Mata and matting:
Of chip, straw, roots, bollmshes, cocoannt bristlea, or rattan
NoTK.— Matting used in stowing a ship's cargo, or as protection to the same,
is not subject to duty.
Of bast. (See Bast matting.)
Of graas. (See Graaa mata.)
■Medals, all kinds
Brass ; classed with Metals, not specified.
Metals, n. e, s.. simple or compound :
Unworkea
Worked :
Plates, brass sheets, and hoop-bands, also in other shapes for further
manipulation
Sheet-metal and nails for aheathing veaaels
Other ai tides, flattened brass wire and metal-cloth included:
When mure or less gilded, silvered, or plated, or covered with
(so-called) "gold- burnishing"
Articles not having any such outer coating or finishing
Scrap and old, orevloosly-ueed metal, n. e. s., only fit for resmelting.
Microscopes; classed with Instruments.
Minerals for collections of natural tdstory
Mead —
Flour, n. e. s., of vegetable origin, that cannot be included in Grain and bread-
atuns or in Mediciuca
Of grain. (See Grain and breadatuflfs.)
Of arrowroot. (See Flour, of vegetable origin, n. e. a. )
Mosaic articles; to bo classed with Stones, worKea.
Mulberry sirup ; to be claaaed with Wines.
Mouth harmonicas; classed with Toys.
Sealing waft^ra. cut or in sheets
NoTB. — No deduction for weight of boxes, paper bags, or other similar wrap-
ping.
Morils; to be classed with Mushrooms.
Bricks; to be classed with Tiles and bricks.
Music notes or books
Nutmegs, dried, and mace
When preserved; claaaed with Jelliea.
Musk.
Mussels and ovatera :
Freah, weight of cans or jan included. .
Pickled or salted
Coin, of gold, silver, or copper
Myrrh; classed with Apothecariea' stock.
Pictures and drawinga, unframed
Caps for men; claaaed with Clothing.
Caplinmgs. (See Hat-linings.)
VaJiaos. traveling-bags, and hat-boxes
Natural curiosities for scientific oollections.
ClOVM
*'Nicht" (pollen of Xyeopodttttnelavattttn)
Pins and needles not made of gold or ailver and not properly coming within the
category of Jewelry gooda
Note.— No deduction for Uie weight of boxea or of paper upon which pins are
faatened.
Dutiable
nnit.
Ikilog
1 KHog...
Ikilog.
Ikilog.
lUter..
lliter..
IkUog.
1 piece,
i'kilc^!
Ikilog.
I kUog.
1 kilog
lUter.
IkUog.
Ikilog...
Ikilog.
inter..
Ikilog.
i'idiog!
Ikilog.
Duty.
ITr. ora.
Free.
Free.
.05
.01 A
Free.
Free.
.07
.05
.12
.08
.35
Free.
.10
Free.
.05
.07
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.70
.35
Free.
Free.
.10
Freeu
1.00
Free.
L20
Free.
.05
.15
Free.
Free.
.50
Free.
.50
Free.
.40
TARIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTBIES.
21
The tariff of Sweden — Continued.
ArtSdes.
Bireb-bark tirip*
Kete. all kinds ; to pay same duty m the yam ot whtoh they are made, with the
additkm of 10 per oent.
KuU:
Cocoa-nata
Haael-nata. walonta, and other kinds
OUres
OOa:
Fat oila, not T<datfle:
Sweet or olive ofl :
In barrels
In bottles or similar vessels
Hemp, oocoa-nat, pahn, and spermacoti oil
Ooton-oil ; classes with Apothecaries* stock.
AU other fat oils, n.e.s
Boiled oils. (See Varnishes.)
YolatOe oils, vegetable :
Cognac, ram, and arrak essences ; classed with Ethers.
Kot otherwise jprovided for, weight of bottles included
Fossil or mineral oUs and such as are prodnced by dry distillation :
Katlve or raw, with earthy or resin-like imparities, of dark-brown or
black -brown color
Bectifled mineral oils, such as coal-oil or petroleum, when colorless or
yellow-brown till yellow in color ; rectified rock and earth oils, naph-
tha, so-called "sour-oU," paraffine oil, and other similar liquids used
ss lighting material
KoTB. — 8. o. lighting: flnid, composed of volatile oil and spirits, is to be
classed with Rectified mineral oils.
CKl-cake
Dutiable
unit.
Cheeee; all kinds
Oysters ; classed with Mussels.
Pasteboard
Pasteboard and paper manufactures, all kinds :
Ui^spsnned v
Japanned, includes papier-macb6 goods
Paper:
Slieathing, pressing, roofine, polishing, and emery paper
Cartridgt; and wrapping pap4;r
Blotting pad. plain or colored, printing and engraving paper
For the manufacture of paper hangings
Another kindx. ruled paper therein included..:
PspM* hangings and borders
Paraffine. unrefined
When refined, to be classed with Chemico-technical preparations.
Umbrellas and parasols :
Of silk or half silk, in the latter case irrespective of the greater or lesser
proportion of silk.
All other kinds
Parts of niubrillas and parasols :
Frames
Coverings, cut or sewed, are to pay same duty as the material of which
they consist, with the addition of 10 pei cent.
Umbrella covers or ituis :
Of l^her, impoited separately or with the umbrdlas. (See Leather manu-
factures.)
Of clt>th. imported bv themselves, pay same duty as the material of which
they are made, with the addition oflO per cent.
Perfumes, n e.s.. weight of bottles and wrapping included
Pens, writine, all kin£
NoTB —Weight of boxes and pasteboards included.
Pen-hojders:
All kinds, except those made of gold or silver
Of gold or sUver. (See Gold or Silver in a worked state.)
Hair pencils: to be claased with machinery, implements, and tools, not specified.
Pepper; sll kinds
KoTK. — In assessing duty upon Cayenne pepper, the weight of the bottles or
cans is to be included,
^rchment ; classed with Hides and skins.
KoCbcr-of-nearl :
Unworked
Worked:
Without setting
Set in gold or sOver; to be weighed with and pay same dnty as the
setting.
Set in other materials; to be classed with Jewell^ goods.
NOTS.— No deduction allowed for the weight of boxes, ituii, or paste-
boarda to which articles may be fastened.
Pearls:
Genuine; loose or mounted
Imitation:
Made of glass -
1 piece.
Ikilog
Ikilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kUog.
Ikilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
Ikilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 piece.
1 piece.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
Ikilog ..
Duty.
Kr, ore.
Free.
.10
.25
.25
.02
.05
.05
.07
.60
Free.
.05
Vree.
.07
.05
.35
.60
Free.
.02
.05
.09
.19
.19
Free.
.75
.25
.85
1.00
.00
.60
.30
Free.
.80
Free.
1 kUog.
.85
22
TABIFF8 OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTRIES.
21i$ Ui/r\ff of Swedm — Continaed.
Aitldet.
Pearls— CoDtinaed.
ImiDimtlon :
AU other kinda
Set in gold or silver; to be weighed with and pay same duty as the
setting.
Set in any other material than gold or sUver ; to be classed with Jewelry
goods.
^OTB.— The last section applies to bracelets of glass beads provided
with plates or fiuiteners or glass.
Peach pits
Wigs and parts thereof
Pumice stone
Pipe-bowls, monnted or unmounted (includes cigar-holders and pipes) :
Of meerschaum, genuine or imitation
AUolber kinds
NOTK.>-No deduction for weight of ituu, boxea, paper or similar wrapping.
Pistachios ; to be classed with Fruits, dried.
Pistols. (See Guns.)
Plants
Platinum, worked or unworked
Prunes, dried
Plumes, all kinds, includes ostrich feathers
Pomades, weight of pots included
Orange-flower water, weight of bottles included
Bitter oranges
Bitter orange buds and peel, dried
Porcelain :
Not real, stone-china or faience :
White or of uniform color, but nnpainted:
Plates
All other pieces
Paiuted or printed :
Plates
AU other pieces
Genuine :
"White, or of uniform color
Gilded, silvered, or printed with designs or flowers
Portfolios, money-purses, reticules, pouches, and cigar cases :
OfsUkorhalf eUk
All other kinds
KOTB. — No deduction allowed for weight of bq^es, paper, or other wrapping,
or for inlaying (of paper in portfolios).
Potatoes, whole, cut, or grated
Potato-flour and Htarcb material derived from potatoes. (See Starch.)
Potash. (See Ashes.)
Pozzolaoa (volcanic ashes)
Tarpaulins; clafrsed with Textile manufactures, waxed.
Poudi e de riz ; to be claased with Flour, of vegetable origin, not specified.
Quicksilver
Implements or parts thereof; classed with Machinery, implements, and tools,
not specified.
Traveling blankets, double-sewed together or bordered ; to be classed as manu-
factures of the textile, which is their chief component pert.
Soanding-bourds, planed. (See Wood mannCActures.)
Rio, unshelled or paddy
Rice : classed with Grits.
Rice-flour
Rosmirin
Raisii
ins
Raisin stems
Nnx vomica; classed with Apotheoarles' stock.
iDcense. (See Perfumes.)
Rattans, reeds, &o. :
Bamboo and Spanish reed
i oromoii rattans and reeds
Manufactures thereof that cuinot be classed with basket work.
When coming as base-layers for a ship's cargo
Roots:
Edible. n.e.s
For druggists' use; classed with Apothecaries* stock.
Sabers and saber-blades ; classed with Iron manufactures.
Saddlery, n.e. 8, all kinds
Morocco ; classed witU Hides and skins.
8affh>n
S.tKO; classed with Grits.
Snlep root ■
Ssilmiac
S iltpeter, raw or refined; also Chilian saltpeter, or nitrate of soda.
Nitric acid and aquafortis
8It8, raw or refined, all kinds, n.e.s
Datiable
unit.
IkUog.
IkOog.
IkUog.
I kilog.
Ikilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
IkUog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog
IkUog
Ikilog.
IkUog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog.
1 kilog.
Ikilog.
1 kilog .
Ikilog.
Ikilog
1 kUog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog
Doty.
£>. Irt.
Pree.
Free.
.20
7.00
.85
.10
.25
.25
.07
.12
.14
.19
.24
.47
2.00
.50
Free.
Free.
.85
Free.
Free.
Free.
.25
Free.
.14
.02
.35
Free.
Free.
.60
&00
Free.
Free.
Free,
Free.
Free.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
23
The tariff of JSwedeH^ContiDued,
Aitides.
Bjdroelilorio add.
8uftd
€!■■>> d with Onms. not specified.
; eUsMd with Apothecaries' stock.
For Uilon* and gardeners* use. shearing-scissors ; also shears for clipping
plates or sheet-metal ; to be daased with Machinery, implements, and tools,
not specified.
Other kinds :
Unpolished
PoHshed
Shellac ; to be dasaed with Gams.
Sails ; daty to be assessed according to the material of which they are made.
Sared from stranded or wrecked foreign vessels. (See Ship fittings.)
Sail-dnck. (See Textile mannfactores.)
Sail thread. (See Yams.)
Mnstard:
Wholo
Ground or prepared
Senaa leaves; cla«tied with Apothecaries' stock.
Shawls, neck-cloths, and fichos ; to be classed with Textile manufaotares.
Siftoddy
SleTesand ooUandera
Straining ch>th :
Compoeed of more than one metal. (See Metals, worked.)
Of iron or steeL (See Iron manufactures.)
Of copper. (See Copper, completed manofactores ofl)
Of other materiaL (See Textile mnnafactares )
saver :
Unworked
"Worked ; plain or gilded
Silrer leaf (foil) genuine or imitation
In the shape of dust or powder for painters' use
SOk, raw:
tJocolored
Colored
Simps, all kinds
Seacbarta. (See Maps.)
Shave-grass
Boots and aboes :
Of sUk
Of cloth, morocco, Cordova leather, colored, pressed or printed leather
Pitch-sew«d boots and s. c ** seaboots "
W ith wooden soles
AH other kinds
Feh i»hoes :
With leather soles ; to be classed with Boots and shoes, all other kinds.
Without leather soles ; to be classed with Textiles, woolen blankets and
covers.
Writing UbleU :
Set between covers, wither without hinges, ad valorem
A U other kinds
Sembbing mops; to be classed with Machinery, implements, and tools, not
specified.
Shovels, spades, and reaping-hooks of iron ; to be classed with Machinery, im-
plementa, and tools, not specified.
Tortoise shell:
Unworked
Worked
Indostrial productions of every kind, not specially mentioned and provided for
in thia tariff, are to be classed as manufactures of the material wnich is their
chief component part, or in case the chief component part cannot be deter-
mined, then od valorem
£mery
Dutiable
unit.
Ikilog.
Ikilog.
Ikilog.
1 kUog.
Emery cloth ; to be classed with Machinery, implements, and tools, not specified.
BoQge powders and rooging-cloths
Butter
Cabinet-makera' productions. (See Wood manufactures.)
fiaufC. (See Tobacco.)
Snails. (See Natural cnritMiities.)
Lscinn and cords. (See Military haberdashery or passementerie.)
When made out of gat (See Strings.)
Paaseroenteri«, such as fringes, galloons, aiguilletes, lacings, cords, n. e. s. :
Of silk or half silk
AH other kinds, therein included articles partly of silk, of which caoutchouc,
India rubber, or similar substances are a component part
KoTK. — No deau<;tion for paper-wrapping or paper-inlaying.
Sugar :
Refined ; all kinda, such aa loaf-sugar, rock candy, crushed or powdered sugar
Ikilog,
Duty.
Kr. drs.
Free.
Free.
.80
.07
.80
Free.
IkUog
Ikilog.
IkUog.
1 kilog
Ikilog
IkUog.
100 kroner.
Ikilog...
100 kroner
IkUog...
Ikilog..
Ikilog..
Free.
7.00
Free.
Free.
Free.
.94
.10
Free.
2.40
1.40
Free.
Free.
.04
10.00
Free.
Free.
5.00
10.00
Free.
Free.
Free.
8.60
LIO
.88
24
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
The tariff of Sweden — Continaed.
Artioles.
Sugar— Continaed.
Baw:
a When not darker in color than Ko. 18 Dutch atandard, of which normal
aamplea ahall be snpplied to each coatom-hoaae by the general cna-
toms department
b When darker than the above-named standard ; alao, if the sogar arrives
in a dissolved or liquid atato
NOTK.— Any package found to contain different grades of sugar, subject
to different duties, will be considered as if it contained the hignest
duty bearing grade and will be assessed accordingly.
Carbonate of soda andcanstic soda
Sauces and soyer; weight of bottles included
Fans •.
Grain and breadstuffs; all kinds, ground ornngronnd*
Spanish flies ; classed with Apothecaries' stock.
Verdigris ; classed witii Colors and dye-stuflb.
Mirrors and sconces
Playing-cards
Laces and blondes :
Silk laces, with or without admixture of another material
All other kinds
Note.— No deduction for weight of paper wrapping or inlaying.
Fire-engines, with belongings, aa valorem
Lard
Stocks with buckles and other stiff neck-cloths ; to be classed with Clothing.
Stearine
Stone, all kinds, worked or unworked, n. e s
Coal, broken or whole ; also, coke, or desulphurized coal
Articles of Jet, unset or set in any other material than gold or silver, are to be
classetl with Jewelry goods. Set in gold or silver; to be weighed with and
pay same duty as the setting,
yoaltar.
Dust or powder, colored or uucolored, for use in the manufactare of wall-papers
Storax
Stockings and other hand or machine knit ai tides, n. o. s. :
Of silk or half silk
All other kinds
Knitting needles
Strings :
Of metal
Of any other material
Stucco articles ; to be classed with Stone.
Steel, all kinds
Steel manufkctnres, n. e. s. ; to be classed with Iron manufactures.
Starch, of wheat, potatoes, or ot her vegetable substances
Sulphur, all kinds
Flowers of sulphur
Sulphuric acid .-
Mushrooms, all kinds not otherwise provided for
Sewing machines ; to be daased with Machinery, implements, and tools, not speci-
fied.
Saws, saw blades, and saw materials (nntoothed saws) ; to be classed with Ma-
coinery, implements, and tools not specified.
Soft soap
Sacks
New, empty ; classed with the material of which they are made.
Showing previous use
Bedding is to pay the duty provided for the textile material of which its outer
covering consists.
When stufl'ed with horse-hair or any other dutiable substance, but covered
with a material free of duty, it is to be classed with Industrial productions
of every kind, not specially mentioned in this tariff.
When belonging to travelers or seafaring men, when showing evident
marks of previous use, or when carried by the owner and Judged not to
exceed his personal needs
Picture-frames; to be classed with manufactures of the material which is their
chief component part, without deduction for weight of pictures, glass, &c.
Photograph -frames, of pasteboard or of pasteboard and glass. (See Paste-
board manufactures )
Made of bronzed pasteboard. (See Past eboard manufactures. Japanned )
Note. — When picture-frames under the above provision are to pay duty ad
valorem, the picture or drawing therein framed is to be excluded from the
valuation.
Substitutes for horse-hair, and moss prepared as a stuffing material ; to be classed
with Grasses, n. e. s.
Tallow
Tamarinds
Tooth-powder; classed with Merchandise, manufactured, not provided for.
Bricks and roof-tiles, all kinds
Dutiable
unit.
Ikilog...
Ikilog...
1 kilog
Ikilog
1 kUog....
1 pack
1 kilog
I kilog ..
100 kroner
Ikilog...
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
IkUog
1 kilog
1 kilog
IkUog.
1 kUog ..
IkUog.
Ikilog.
Doty.
Kr.^ke.
.83
.28.5
Free.
.80
L20
Free.
.24
.10
3.50
2.30
5.00
FrCw*.
.00
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
8.50
2.20
.24
.24
1.20
Free.
.14
Free.
Free.
Free.
40
.07
Froe.
Fro6.
Free.
.10
Free.
* See § 5, appended Instmctiona.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
25
Th€ tariff of Sweden — Continued.
ArtidM.
•todsorBAUa.
Tta;
Unworked. also worked, if old or broken ..
Worked new :
Gilded, silvered, l«oqaered, or painted.
All other kinda
Tin and lead aahea
Tin aalU and cbloridee of tin
Turpentine, native or raw
Turpentine oil or apirita of turpentine
Tea
JTr.ar*.
.35
1 kilog.
Ikilog.
Kewapapers and reviewa
Tar and tar-water (the latter ia a residual product of tar, need in tanning)
Tobacco:
Unmanafiictared ; leaf or sterna
liana factnred :
CLzaraand cigarettes
AHotberkiods
Clay pipes and noroolain pipes. (See Pipe-bowls.)
Trun-oll, of sll Kinds (inclndes flsh-oils)
Tripoli
TnifBee, w eight of glass or Jar included
Wire:
Gold and silver wire
Iron and steel wire
Articles luado of iron and steel wire ; to be classed with " All other factory
or haml-tnaile iron goods."
CopTMrr wire or wire of any other metal not here mentioDed :
when eilded. nilvere^ or plated
All other kinds
Iron, copper, brass, and steel wire for musical instinments. (See Strings.)
Metal wire, woven over or covered with silk or yam. (See Bonnet-frames
and siraib&r wire and tape frames.)
Thxead* and twines:
Of cotton, all kinds
Of linen, unbleacbe<l
Of linen, bleached or colored
Of Mlk. cotton, or linen, when covered with gold, silver, or any other metal;
to 1m' claKsed with Military haberdashery.
Trees, all kinds
Timber and lambor:
Rough timber, all kinds
Hoop- poles
Beams and rafters, all kinds
Boards and planks, sawn, all kinds
Juniper boards and st aves
Gnn-stocks, in the rough
Handspikes, finished and in the rough
Moldings and laths, all kinds
Masts, booma and spars; also hollowed
Logs for pnmps
Scantling, all kinds
Staves and barrel-heads, all kinds
Hoops
Fire-wood, all kinds , —
Oars in the rough
Wood mannfaetores :
Veneers of 7 millimeters or less in thickness pav half the duty imposed upon
cabinet-makers' work of the same wood. Thin boards, intended for the
manufacture of cigar-boxea, if within the above-mentioned dimensions, are
to be classed aa Veneers.
LaminA of ebony for piano kevs
Tnmeia' work, n. e. s., with or without staining, painting, or Japanning:
When articles weigh less than one kilogram apiece
When articles weigh 1 kilogram orover each ; to be classed with Cabinet-
makers' work.
Wooden articles in a more or less advanced stage of manufacture, n. e. s.,
therein included cabinet-makers' and chair-makers' work:
Of fir or spruce, with or without paint, staining, or japanning
Of elm, aslu birch, beech, oak, walnut, and other domestic woods, with
or without paint, staiuing, or Japanning, or with veneering of above-
mentioned woods ..
Of mahogany, jackwoo<l, or any other exotic wood, massive or only with
veneers thereof ; also cabinet-work, gilt or imitation gilt
KoTB.— Wood manufactures composea of several kinds of woods pay
duty as if entirely made of the kind paying the highest duty.
Furniture when already stuffed, but not covered, pays duty under the
above provisions, without addition. Furniture when stuffed and cov-
ered pays duty under the above provisions with the adiiition of 20
percent.
Ikilog
Ikilog
1 kUog.
1 kilog.
1 kUog
1 kilog.
Ikilog
1 kilog.
I kilog .
Ikilog..
1 kilog..
.70
.35
Free.
Free.
Free.
.07
1.40
Free.
Free.
1.00
3.00
1.20
Free.
Free.
.30
2.40
Free.
2.40
Free.
.47
.47
.70
1 kOog.
1 kilog...
1 kilog..
Ikilog...
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.00
.03
.or
.12
26
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES
Tke tariff of iSitwdeii— Continned.
Artletos.
Foot-mlM. (See iDstnunenta, iodiwtrUl.)
HeaTy-spar (salph of baryU). Unerouiid; to be cliMfid with Stone.
Groand ; claned with Colon and dye-atnflik
India ink; clasaed with Colon and dye-atoffa.
SoapM:
Ferf omed soapa
All other kinda
Soapwort
Cordage, new
Artificial teeth ; claaaed with Merchandiae. manafaeloied, not mentioiied is tliia
tariff.
Hatches, made of wood or of other material ; alao tinder, weight of boxea or
wrapping immediately sorronnding them to be included
Wool, all kinds
Watcheii and clocks :
Watches, with gold case
Watches, with case of any other material
Watch-case^ separate, are to be classed with manafactares of the snbetanoe
of which they are made.
Shins' chronometers
Wall and mantle-piece clocks in cases :
Of bronze or other metal ; also of alabaster or porcelain
Of wood or other material
Clock-ras<*s, separate, clock-weights ; also steeple^locks and parts thereof
pay same daty as the manufactures of the material of which such articles
are composed. ■
Unmotmted watch or clock works, or parts of docks and watchea, n. e. s
Watch-glasses. (See Glaaa.)
Wadding :
Of sUk
All other kinds
Carriages and Tehicleii, including railway can:
Carts and trucks, for hauling <
Two-wheeled carriages and sleighs
Four-wheeled:
Gigs
I>otlable
nnit^
Ikikig.
Ikilog
GiKB, half topped
" ids ..
All other kin<
NoTR. — If any doubt anbes as to the class in which a carriage properly
belongs, such carriage is to pay 10 per cent, ad valorem, total duty
however not in any case to exceed 100 kroner.
Carriage-makei-s' productions, n. e. 8.,are to be classed with industrial produc-
tions of every kind not specially mentioned in this tariff.
Vanilla
1 piece.
1 piece.
1 piece.
1 kUog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kUog.
Ikilog.
1 piece.
1 piece
1 piece.
1 piece.
I piece.
I>it^.
Kt, ora*
Free.
Free.
,M
12
Free.
,06
1.00
.50
LOO
.70
.50
L80
8.60
.24
5.00
15.00
2&00
50.00
100.00
Mittens:
Silk or half silk
All other kinds
When covered with leather or fur ; to be classed with Gloves.
Mineral waters "
Water glRfls or a solution of silicic acid in kalium or natron, ad valorem
Wax. all kinds
Wax-works ; classed Nierchandiso, manufaotui'ed, not specified.
WicKS, for lamps or candles
NOTB. — No deduction for weight of boxes or paper wrapping.
Tools, or parts thereof, n. e. s. ; classed with Machinery, unpiementa, and tools
not specified.
Tool-chests for children, containing tools that cannot be used for work ; to be
classed with Toys.
Wines, all kinds:
Containing 21 per cent, or less of alcohol:
In barrels
In bottles
Containing from over 21 per cent, to 25 per cent, of pare alcohol:
In barrels
In bottles
Contaiuing more than 25 per cent alcohol; to be classed with Liqaenra.
Wino-lees
Grapes, fresh
Cream of tartar :
lUw or rettucd
In crystals
Tartaric acid ; to be classed with Chemico-technioal preparationa.
Orris root
Orris sirup; to be classed with Sirups.
Visiting and business cards
Bismntn
Vitriol, all kinds
Oil or sprits of vitriol. (See Sulphnrio add.)
Textile manufactures :
Of pure silk :
velvet Mid plush
1 kUog.
1 kilog.
Ikilog
100 kroner.
Ikilog....
13.00
3.60
Lao
Free.
5.00
Free.
1.00
1 kUog.
lliter..
1&5
.21
1 kilog.
lliter..
.45
.80
Ikilog
Ikilog.
Ikilog —
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.20
.80
Free.
2.40
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES.
2r
The tariff of Sweden — Continned.
Artioks.
Tcztfl* aMattfactaw
Of poreaOk:
Otlier kinds, therein indaded gold and dlyer dotfh
Kon — VeWet of which the nap ia silk and the hack la cotton, la to pay
daty under laat aeetion.
Half-ailk:
Yel vet and plaah . aim) mga
Other kind of half-silk textures
Of cotton:
Bookbinders' cloth
YelToteen and plnsh, alaomgsand fostian
Gsute, linings, moslins, organdies, andbatiate
Sail-dock
Tnlle
All other kinds of cotton textures :
If unbleached and nndyed
If bleached or dyed
If printed or embossed
With unaUer or greater admixture of linen, hemp, or Jute:
Bedtick
Damask and diaper
Carpet stuffis
Other kinds ; to be classed with similar fabrics compoeed solely of cotton.
Of wool:
Of pure wool or with smaller or greater admixture of cotton, linen, or
any other textile except silk :
Feltings and car]>ets
Machine-feltinE, specially made for the purpose; classed with Ma-
chinery, implements, and tools not specified.
Cloth for steam-packing
All oUier kinds of woolen text ures
Of flax or hemp, with or without admixture of lute :
Gunny -cloth, sack-cloth, canvaM, and saddle-girth webbing
Bed-tick ...-.
Batisti*, gauEC, cambrics, lawns, damask, and ''linens" of all kinds
Csrpetings, even if any other textile specified in this tariff is a component
part thereof
Cloth for steam-packing
Sail and tent duck
All other kinds, diaper included
Of jute:
Unbleached and undyed sack and baling cloth
All other kinds
Of mohair or horse-hair:
Cow-hair felt
All other kinds
Waxed or enameled :
Oil-cloth carpeting
All other kinda
Waterproof textures, permeated with a solution of caoutchouc, India rubber,
Ac
Elastic webbing, containing fibers of caoutchouc or similar substances ; to be
classed with Uibbons, another kinds.
Swords and sword-blades. (See Iron.)
Grafting wax
Axes ; to bo classed with Machinery, implements, and tools not specified.
Zinc:
Unworkedor in plates
Sheets and nails for ships' bottoms
Manufactures of:
Unpainted and onjapanned
Painted or japanned
Gilded, silvered, or plated
Zinc-blende —
Zit ver root (root of Curcuma ledouaria)
Steam-engines and steam-boilers
E^egs
Vinegar and acetic acid, all kinds:
When containing 10 percent, of acid or less
For every 1 per cent, increase beyond 10 per cent, of acid, the duty is to
be increased two ore per kilogram.
Ale. (See Malt liquors.)
Merchandise not mentioned in this tAi-iff, and which cannot be classed in any of
the categuries created by its provisions :
If a raw product
If manufactured or more or less worked, ad valorem •
Dutiable
unit.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kOog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kUog.
1 kUog.
1 kUog
1 kUog.
1 kUog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kUog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kUog
Unit.
1 kilog.
1 kilog.
1 kUog.
1 kilog
1 kilog ..
1 kilog...
1 kUog ..
8.50
2.40
2.40
.50
.94
1.76
.14
2 90
.58
.94
1.18
.94
1.20
.40
.60
.24
1.76
.35
.94
1.76
.40
.24
.19
1.50
Free.
40
Free.
.60
.24
.60
1.76
Free.
Free.
Free.
.07
.35
.70
1 kilog....
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
.20
Free.
100 kroner. 10. 00
XOTK.— The word '• polished," when used in this tariff in connection with iron articles or other metal
war««, is to be understood as meaning that such articles have sufficient finish not to show any traces of
filing.
28 TABIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
NORWAY.
TABIFF OF HORWAT.
[Translated and forwarded by Consal Gade, of ChriBtiania.]
Boyal proclamatum concerning custom-house duties from July 1, 1881, /or
the Kingdom of Norway.
We, Oscan by the grace of God King of Norway and Sweden, of the
Goths and Vandals, make known :
Whereas the Storthing on the 13th and 14th June of this year has
decreed as follows :
§ 1. From the 1st of July, 1881, the following duties on goods and
vessels shall be paid to the treasury: (a) import duties; (b) storage
duties; (c) export duties; (^7) tonnage and light-house duties.
§ 2. Import duties, calculated in accortlauce witli the annexed tariff
A, shall be collected on foreign goods imported for consumption in this
country, whether the imi>ortation be at priv^ate or public expense, as
well as on all domestic goods which on export to foreign countries re-
ceive a drawback from the treasury on duties already collected.
Besides such goods as by special license or jiermission have been or
hereafter may be imported free of duty, the following articles i>hall be
exempt from duties :
(a) Ship's inv^entory, including cabin, galley, and similar inventories,
in so far as their quality and quantity may be considered suitable, and
they are to remain for use on the vessel on which they were imported
from ioreign countries. That these inventories have been exported
from th6 country as transit goods in the same vessel in which they were
found on its return to have been used does not make them liable to
duty.
(b) Similar inventories which have come ashore loose or from vessels
wrecked on the Norwegian coasts. Further inv^entories which have be-
longed to Norwegian vessels, which have been wrecked or legally con-
demned as unseaworthy in foreign countries, after the requisite vouch-
ers have been approved by the treasury department.
(c) Ship provisions and other ship stores, brought in ships from for-
eign countries and remaining on board, provided they do not exceed
what custom officers consider warranted by the size of the vessel, its
crew and passengers, and the time it remains in port of arrival. If the
goods and passengers it carries are destined for different places? in the
country, their consumption free of duty may continue until the vessel
arrives at the place of final delivery for the goods and passengers
brought from abroad, as well as during its stay there. If the vessel
later clears for foreign countries, or goes to another place in the country
without taking goods on board, the residue of provisions and other ship
stores may remain on board for use without payment of duty, provided
they do not exceed what the custom-house officers deem justified by the
length of the proposed journey and other circumstances. But if the
vessel goes to another inland port, after taking in goods for home ports,
duty must be paid on the residue, provided it cannot be considered
trifling. The same holds good when the crew is paid off, provided the
Mdne be not put under lock and seal of the custom-house.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 29
In regard to ship provisions on steamers plying between foreign and
domestic ports, the rules here given are to be applied with such retsric-
tions as the treasury department may find necessary to prevent possible
abuses.
Cofifee, tea, sugar, and sirup which are exported from the deposit
stores may be delivered exempt of duty for use on board vessels des-
tined to foreign countries, or for whale, walrus, or seal fisheries in the
South Sea or in the Arctic Sea, as soon as the ship has cleared or the
crew has been shipped, provided the custom officers find that the quan-
tity of these provisions, clothing, and other traveling effects which have
belonged to Norwegians deceased in foreign countries are also admitted
free of duty when they bear traces of having been used.
(d) Clothing and other traveling requisites belonging to passengers,
in so far as the custom officers may deem that their quality and quantity
indicate that they are imported for personal use. When such effects
are not brought by the passengers themselves, they, are only admitted
exempt of duty when the custom officers judge that they are not only
imi>orted for personal use, but also bear traces of having been used.
(a) Implements, carriages, riding equipments, household utensils,
furniture, and similar articles, when they bear traces of having been
used, and they are imported for the account and use of persons who
have resided abroad at least one year, and there have owned and used
them. Furthermore, articles which may by inheritance have become
the property of any one residing in this country, provided they bear
traces of having been used.
(/) Samples, provided they do not appear destined for sale.
(g) Packing envelopes, containing goods, and which evidently appear
of ordinary description. That material which is imported as dunnage in
vessels is considered as envelopes, does not exceed what may be con-
sidered requisite, and on the condition that the master give a written
declaration on trust that the goods are destined for the consumption of
the crew and passengers, and shall not be smuggled into the country
with his consent. *
When the crew stays on shore while a vessel is undergoing repairs,
so much of the provisions brought from foreign countries may be de-
livered free of duty as the custom-officers may seem requisite for the
use of the crew.
§3. Damaged dutiable merchandise, provided it be proved, in the
Judgment of the custom-officers or in some other manner that during
the voyage, that is, after it has been loaded on the vessel and before
it has been brought ashore, to have been damaged so as to have de-
teriorated in value one-ijnarter part or more, pays a duty of 10 per cent,
of the proceeds of the auction, when sold at auction without having
previously paid duty, and of 9 per cent, when sold after having paid
duty. In both cases the fee and other expenses which the purchaser
is bound to pay besides the auction bid are added to the proceeds of
the auction.
Import duty will, however, be levied on the following articles at rates
given below:
Percent
Co£fee, duty paid 20
Coffee, duty unpaid 25
Halt and sugar, duty paid 40
Malt and Busar, duty unpaid 67
Tobacco in leaf^ and stems, duty paid 50
Tobacco in leaf, and stems, duty unpaid 100
These rules are not applicable to brandy.
i
30 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Id auy case it depends on the owner or his agent, if be should prefer
it, to pay the duty according to the ordinary rules.
§ 4. When a merchandise is composed of parts subject to different
rates of duty, and it cannot be referred to any of the articles enumer-
ated in the tariff of import duties, the person paying duty is at liberty
to separate the parts and pay duty on them separately. But if such
a separation cannot take place, or is not the wish of the person paying
duty, the merchandise may be assessed according to the rule above
mentioned, where the various parts are charged according to weight, •
and the custom-house officers judge themselves able to estimate their
weight with sufficient exactitude. If none of the conditions exist for
the separate assessment of the different parts, the merchandise is
charged according to the part of which it principally consists; and
where this cannot be decided by the custom-house, a duty of 10 per
cent, is levied on the merchandise.
Objects which only serve to fasten or hold together the several parts
of a whole, as nails, hinges, mountings, locks, &c., are not to be taken
into consideration, but the goods are referred to that number of the
tariff to which they would belong without these accessories. The same
rule is also applicable to small ornaments.
The rules above given do not apply to goods classed under cotton,
linen, silk, and wool.
§ 5« When goods are to be charged according to weight, their net
weight is hereby understood (the weight of the goods themselves, with-
out any cover or packing) unless otherwise prescribed in the tariff.
The net weight is generally determined by weighing the merchandise
together with the envelope in which it was imported, and then deduct-
ing the tare prescribed for the merchandise at its number in the tariff.
Should no tare be psescribed, the following rule is to be adopted :
Percent.
For casks and boxes 12
For bottles, glasses, flasks, Jars, with or without casing 30
For covers of metal 20
For bast, straw, rushes, &c 3
For bags and other packings of linen or burlap, single 2
For bags and other packings of linen or burlap, double 3
Should casks or boxes have covers of linen, matting, or anything
similar, 3 per cent, of the gross weight is to be added to the tare pre-
scribed for such packings without covers, and the total tare is to be de- .
ducted from the gross freight. If goods are imported in an extra cov-
ering of a cask or box outside the usual packing, the tare for which has
been prescribed in the foregoing rules or in the annexed tariff, the outer
covering may be removed before weighing. In other cases, when the
merchandise is weighed with the covering, no part of this must be ex-
empted from weighing, whether tare for the covering is to be allowed
or not.
Ket weighing shall take place —
1. When no tare rule is to be found either in the annexed tariff' or in
the above-given provisions.
2. Whenever the custom-house officers find it necessary to remove the
packing to examine the goods, or regard the packing as unusual.
3. When the person paying duty is dissatisfied with tare prescribed
in the annexed tariff or in the provisions above given 5 is the net weight
ascertained in such a case, it shall not be allowed to calculate it by de-
ducting the tare prescribed from the gross weight. When no tare is
prescribed for the merchandise or the packing, and an investigation of
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 31
fhe tare is impossible because the merchandise cannot be separated
from its packing at the cnstom-house examination, the tare usual in
trade is allowed, or, where that is not known, what the customs officers
may find proper. No allowance can be made for any increase in weight
or measure caused by accidental and unusual moisture, but if these
goods have been saturated with water by accident at sea or other
causes, the weight or measure is to be estimated by goods of the same
kind in dry condition.
§ 6. Storage tax shall be paid on goods deposited in the customs ware-
bouses if they remain in the same port of entry more than fifteen days,
reckoned from the day the vessel has commenced to unload, when the
goods are imported by sea. No charge is made for goods deposited for
fifteen days or less. For every day more that the goods remain in
the warehouses 30 ore is to be paid per cubic meter, the packing in-
cluded. The minimum of tax on goods withdrawn at any one time shall
be 40 ore.
§ 7. Duties on exports, levied in accordance with the annexed tariff
B, are paid on goods exported to foreign countries, whether the expor-
tation be made at private or public expense. The duty is paid on do-
mestic as well as on foreign goods, but it is not so levied on foreign
goods which have been warehoused as goods in transit, or have been
under such custody of the customhouse that testimony can be given on
their exportation as to the time and manner of their importation. In
regard to foreign lumber, the treasury department may also order the
control to be exercised in any other manner which it may deem satis-
factory under the circumstances, and it may grant free entry in those
cases where the lumber has undergoue manufacture in the couutr^\
The following articles are exempted from the prescribed duty on ex-
ports: Ships' provisions and other ship stores carried by outgoing ves-
sels, but not over and above what the customs officers deem justified
by the size, the crew, and the passengers of the vessel, as well as the
length of the intended voyage. 2. Goods found or manufactured in the
province of Finmark, or there imported by fishermen in open boats
which they use at the fisheries, when exported to foreign countries from
any port of entry in the province of Fiumark or within three years
from a port of entry in the province of Tromso.
§ 8. Goods picked up at sea or in uninhabited districts in the polar
regions, and thence directly imported are considered, on importation,
as well as in case of re-exportation, as domestic goods picked up at the
place where they are imported.
§ 9. Vessels carrying merchandise to or from the country pay tonnage
and light-house duty of 80 ore per tod, with the following modifications :
(a) Vessels engaged in any fisheries in the open sea or ofi* the Faroe
Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and uninhabited lands in the Arctic Sea^
are exempted from this. (6) Vessels plying directly between Norway
and Sweden, when the whole cargo is loaded or unloaded in the two
countries, respectively, are subject to a duty of only 30 ore per ton.
This duty will be abolished as soon as tonnage duties are no longer
charged in Sweden on vessels engaged in this navigation, (o) Vessels
coming from or going to places on the White or Arctic Sea are subject
to a duty of only 40 6re per ton.
The following rules are also to be observed in the a^essment of the
tax:
(a) The tax will be charged on as many tons as are given in the ves-
sel's register, when the customs officers regard it as fully loaded *, in the
opposite cases^ the tax is assessed on as many tons as loaded or uii-
82 TARIFFS OF TUE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
loaded, but never on more tons than entered on the vessel's register.
No tonnage or light-hoose tax is to be paid when the goods loaded or
unloaded at any portof entry is less than one ton. The necessary rules
for the valuation of the goods in tons will be given by the King.
(b) When a vessel on the same voyage recarries goods which have just
been imported on said vessel and warehoused as goods in transit, no
tonnage or lighthouse taxes are to be assessed on said goods, either on
the entry or clearance of the vessel. The same rule applies to such
goods when re-exported on another vessel, where the vessel on which
they have been imported is so damaged as to be unable to continue the
voyage. The same also applies to damaged goods sold from vessels en-
tering a harbor of refuge, when the sale is conducted in accordance
with rules given by the proper authorities.
(c) In the assessment of the tonnage and light-house taxes of a ves-
sel, deduction is made of the space occupied by the following articles:
1. Ice, sawdust, and stone hewn and unhewn, whether the stone con-
tains metallic components or not, on the export of these articles.
2. Lumber, whenever an export duty of 3^ ore per ton, according to
tariffs, is to be charged.
3. Hay, straw, gypsum, manure, and sand, as well as packings in
which goods have previously been exi)orted from the country on their
reimportation.
4. Traveling requisites belonging to passengers, ship provisions, and
other articles for use onboard the vessel during its proposed voyage;
for instance, coal on steamers, and fishing implements. Ko compensation
is allowed for the space occupied by these articles when the vessel is
considered fully loaded.
§ 10. Foreign vessels and goods imported and exported on them are
not subject to other or higher duties than Norwegian vessels, and goods
imported or exported on them, unless the King should order the assess-
ment of higher duties on the goods or tonnage of some foreign nation.
With regard to duties in the joint commerce of Norway and Sweden,
the special laws on the subject are to be consulted.
§ 11. When foreign goods which, in accordance with special rules,
have paid no duty, or a lower one than is usual at certain ports of
entry, are carried to other home porta, an import duty, or the difference
between that paid at the shipping port and that in force at the arrival
port, is to be collected.
If a product, manufactured from a foreign merchandise at any place
in this country where it may enter, either exempt of duty or subject to
a lower rate of duty than the usual one, is carried to any other domestic
port where the merchandise employed in its manufacture is subject to
duty or to a higher rate of duty than has been already paid, the pro-
duct shall be liable at the arrival port to the import duty there assessed
on the merchandise from which it has been manufactured, with the de-
duction of the duty which may have been paid at the port of shipment.
An exception to these rules is made in case of the grain brought home
from places in the province of Finmark by fishermen in the open boats
which they use at the fisheries.
§ 12. Import duty shall be refunded on samples which are re-ex-
ported to foreign countries in the same condition as imported when this
proviso wan made on their importation. The Treasury Department
can also grant the refundment of import duty collected on raw materials
and accessory materials used in the manufacture of goods which are ex-
ported to foreign countries, as well as on other assessed goods, accord-
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
33
iDg to the circamstances, when they are re-exported in unchanged con-
dition.
Export duty, storage, and lighthouse taxes are to be refunded when
the proposed voyage is not completed and the goods loaded are again
brought ashore in this country. When a master, on clearing, has paid
storage and light-house taxes at a higher rate than that prescribed at
navigation at the place where the master has discharged the cargo, the
surplus of payment shall be refunded, provided the master make an
application to the custom-house in question, accompanied by adequate
information within a year from the clearance.
A. — Norwegian tariff of import duties and rates of tare.
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ahim.
AxmnoniA and salta thereof
HookB or flabhooks. (Ses MaoafiMtiired metals.)
Anise and anise stAr. (8e$ Spices.)
Antimony. {See Metals.)
Apothecary articles, that is, all urtides which only droggists are allowed to sell in
retail, not otherwise provided for :
a. containinK spirits, as brandy
b. other apochecary articles
Arrowroot, pulverized. {See Sago.)
Asbestos. {See Stone and manufactores thereof)
Ashes of wood and other ^rts of plants
Asphaltum, unmixed or mixed witn rosin, sand, Sto.^ and mannfactorea thereof
B.
Boats with tackle
Wood for hoops. (See Wood and wooden goods).
Ballast — shovels, as implements and tools of iron
Balaam :
a. Ri|^ bnlaam, as brandy e
b. Which only apothecaries are allowed to sell. {See Apothecary goods.)
e. Other natural oalsaios as turpentine. [See Gums and resins.)
Barks and extracts thereof for tanneries of all kinds, and birch bark
Bast and fibers of cocoa
Manufactured :
a. Hats. (iSee letter H.)
b. Mats for packings
e. Rope and cord
d. Other manufactures thereof per kilogram
Bone, teeth of the elephant, walms, &o. :
a. Raw, crushed or ground
b. Manufactured :
Buttons. {See letter K.)
Other manufactures thereof, per kilogram
Bone, coal, calcined ivory, and hartshorn
Bluestone, as vitriol
Bleaching powder
Flowers, natural, and plants, roots, and bulbs ■
Artificial, per kilogram
Parti* thereof.
Leaves of paper, as pressed paper
Other, ptr Mlo^ram ^ •
Plumbat!o or black lea*l
Crucibles
Black lead pencils. re<l lead pencils, and other pencils of chalk, pencils not mounted,
incladinc boxes, cases, paper, and similar onvelopes, per kilogram
ABhe« of load or oxido of lead. (S^e Dj'eing articles No. 4)
Ink an«l ink powder, the weight of the inuermost packing included, per kilogram.
LeaC gold and silver. (Sw Metals.)
Buckwheat and grit, and dour thereof. {See Grain.)
Cotton and cottou goods :
1. Cotton
2. Wadding
3. Yarn:
a. Not dyed, per kilogram
b. Other, per kilogram
Tare for No. 3 a and b: On rolls or spools of wood or metal, 50 ]»er cent
Obs. — Cord made like rop^waker's work is datiable bb yum
77*^ CONCh^A P 3
drowns.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
0.10
Free.
0.35
Free.
Free.
Free.
3.60
3.60
Free.
Free.
0.35
0.10
Free.
Free.
0.07
o.ao
34
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Norwegian tariff of import dutieSf j'c. — Continued.
Kiun
ber.
27
28
29
80
81
82
83
84
86
87
88
80
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
40
60
61
/
4. Sail cloth and other undyed, unbleached mannfact tires, the square half
meter of which weighs !80 grams or more, per kilogram
6. Fishing nets, as the material thereof with addition of ]U per cent . .
6. Materials, the square half-meter of which weighs 100 grams or more;
bleached, printed, dj'ed, or woven of dyed yam, per kilogram
7. Ribbons ana tapes, as well as ribbons and materials interwoven with caout-
chouc, gutta-percha, and belts thereof, per kilogram
8. Diaper and damask, likewise kerchiefs, if not dutiable under a higher rate,
per kilogram
(In bond, 100 kilograms) ,
0. Knit goods, knitted, crocheted, netted as well as dyed, and not dyed, per kil-
ogram
10. Lacework. {See Letter P.)
11. Fronts for shiits, sewn or woven, as the material with addition of 10 per
cent
12. Open or clear, such as blonde, bobbinet, lace and gauze, per kilogram
13. Other open or clear goods either embroidered or interwoven with pattema,
figures, stripes, or squares (except embroidery on canvas) per kilogram ..
Obs. — Goods shall lie considered as open or clear, if between the single threads
outside the embroidery or the interwoven close figures, stripes, dtc, intervals can
be distinguished of a thickness of at least one thiead, or, ii this be impossible, if
a piece i meter square shall weigh only 20 grains or less.
14. Other cotton goods :
a. Printed, per kilogram
(In bond, 00 kilograms.)
Obs.— Goods of one color shall be dutiable as wholly single-colored or bleached
stufiTs, even if the color shall have been applied by printing or rolling.
h. Of several colors, not printed, per kilogram
(In bond, 150 kilograms.)
e. Entirely of one color or bleached, per kilogram
(In bond, 225 kilograms.)
d. Unbleached, including wicks, per kilogram
(In bond, 450 kilograms.)
Obs. — Goods made of cotton in combination with fiax, or with such spinning ma-
terials as are treated as flax, shall be dutiable as cotton goods ; goods of cotton, in
combination with wool, shall be dutiable as woolen goods; goods of cotton, in
combination with silk. {See Silk goods.)
Borax and acid, boracic ,
Meat extracts in cakes, as provisions, under Animals
Fire engines
Letter-ca^es, pocketbooks, porifolios, portemonnaies, or purses, cigar-cases :
Of skin, or oil-cloth, or Unen, per kilogram
Of paper, as manufactured paper
Spectacles, eye-glasses, microscopes, burning-glasses, mounted, with or without
cases, per kilogram
Trusses. {See under Skin.)
BrouKO powder. {See Metals.)
Burning-glasses. (6'e« Spectacles.)
Brandy of all kinds :
1. In bottles or jars, without regard to the strength, per liter
2. In other envelopes, of sti-engtb 100 per cent per kilogram
For each half per cent, under 100 per cent., to 00 per cent., inclusive, 1.2 ore per
kilogram is to be deducted; for eacli half per cent, below 90 per cent., to 85 per
cent, inclusive, 1.1 ore is further deducted ; for each half per cent below 85 per
cent., to 75 per cent., inclusive, 1 .05 ore is further to be deducted ; for each half per
cent, below 75 per cent, to 65 per cent., inclusive, 0.05 ore is further to be deducted;
for each half per cent below 6.') per cent., to 45 j)er cent., inclusive, 0.9 ore is further
to be dt'ducted ; for each half per cent, below 45 per cent, to 25 per cent., inclusive,
0 8 ore per kilogram is further to bo detlucted ; and for each half per cent below
25 per cent., 0.75 ore per kilogram is further to be deducted. The strength will be
measured by the brandy-tester at any time authorized by the King. If sugar or
anything else has been added to the article, rendering the measurement of the
tester incorrect, duty shall be assessed as on brandy of 100 per cent strength.
(Tare, 16 per cent)
3. Ethers and naphthas, per kilogram
4. Vinegar othtr, per kilogram
5. Other spirituous and other spirits of ether, per kilogram
6. Smelling \vutors. including aromatic vinegar, the weight of the nearest pack-
ing included, per kilogram
7. Varnish and ]>o]i8h. {See under letter F.)
Obs. 1.— If mixtuns containing spirits are entered under other names in tJie
tarifl*. the treasury department may order that the article shall be assessed as
brandy.
Obs. 2. — The treasury department may permit that brandy for technical use may
be imported free of dutv, on the condition that it may be by some addition rem-
deretl unfit for use as a beverage.
Bread of wheat, or of whoat mixed with other cereals, hard or soft, per kilogram..
.Of rye «nd other kinds of grain, per kilogram
Belly-bands, woven. {See under Linen goods.)
Bottom pieces for casks, as staves. {See under Wood and wooden goods.)
JFura, maDuSactared. {See Skins.)
Import
duty.
Oownt.
0.07
0.27
1.07
0.60
La7
2.60
L76
1.07
0.68
0.37
a 18
Freeu
Free.*
aso
0.86
L86
L80
2.00
L
L80
0.08.8
0.08
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
35
A. — Xarwenian tariff of impart duties, ^c— Coutinued.
SZ
54
S5
56
57
58
50
61
62
64
67
70
71
73
Saqpenders, and iMirte thereof, of all kincks, per kilosram
Berries, eatable, not otherwise provided for, as firaiw.
Coopers' goods. (£^ Wood and wooden goods.)
Books. {See Paper. )
Beans, and flour of beans. {See Grain.)
Brushes:
a. Of bristles or other hair. {See Hair.)
b. Of rushes, twigs, and other fibers of plants. {See Brooms.)
C.
Cocoa:
Beuis, per kilogram
(In bond, 600 kilograms.)
Preparations ofcocoa, in cakes, blocks, or otherwise, chocolate, per kUognun. .
Camptiuioon. (<SeeCork.)
Ballona, or cold laces, under metals.
Curry powders. {See Spices.)
Cassia li^ea. {See Spices.)
Catechu, of all kinds, including terra Japonica and gambia
Prunes. ( See Fruits. )
Cement. {See under Stone.)
CbampignouA, truffles, and other eatable mushrooms, per kilogram
Chloilde of limo, as blexiching powder.
Chocolate. {See Cocoa.)
Chi<sorj root. (iSre Roots. )
Cider or muRt {See Juices.)
Lemons, and lemon peel. {See Fruits.)
Lemon juice. {See J uices. )
Acid, citric (acidnm citricum), and acid, tartaric (aoidum tttrtarioasi)
C<^ring for brandies and other beverages, per Idlognun
(Tare, in casks, 16 per cent)
D.
Dates. {See Fruits.)
Jackscrews. {See Machinery.)
Dragon's blood. {See Gums.)
Ladles' ornaments. {See Clothing.)
Diamonds. {See Precious stones, under Stoneo.)
Crucibles of clay. {See Earth and clay.)
Crucibles of plumbago, (S^e Crucibles of black leftd.)
Dividivi
Oakum
Dolls' clothcH. {See Toys.)
Down. {See Feathers.)
Feather beds. {See Mattresses.)
Animals, and provisions made therefrom:
1. Animals:
a. Horses and foals
b. Other animals ,
2. Provisions:
a. Fish, pickled, prepared with spices, and preserved in oil, lobsters and
oysters, also in Dermetically closed and air-tight vessels, and in the latter
case including the weight of the packings, smoked, and caviar, per kilo-
gram
h. Fish , other ,
e. Sausages and tongue, per kilogram ,
d. Rolled sausages
e. Corned beef, Australian and American fresh beef in hermetically dosed
and air-tight vessels, per kilogram
8. Other articles of food prepared from animals likewise in hermetically closed
or air-tight vessels, pies and soups (bouillon), per kilogram ,
Oba. — In both cases the weight of the vessels shall be included in the weight
dutiable.
/. Meat and bacon of all kinds:
Smoked per kilogram
Other meats and oacon
B.
Yineear:
a. Incasks, per kilogram
(Tare casks, l<l per cent.)
b. In bottles or jars, per litei
Grits of wheat. {See Grain . )
Blephant's teeth and ivory. {See Bone.)
Ivory calcined. {See Bone coal.)
Peas and flour thereof. {See grain.)
Caaes with shaving apparatus, furnished dressing-cases, work-boxes, and work-
baakets, or boxes and other cases with implements for sewing, writing, or
the toilet or similar, per kilogram
Import
duty.
Orownt.
L78
0.40
Free.
0.86
asi
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
0.40
Free.
o.ao
Free.
0.10
0.40
0.20
Free.
aiB
a 17
aso
36
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAX COUNTRIES.
A. — Norwegian tariff of import duties, ^c. — Continued.
78
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
F.
Crockery ware, (^e Earth and olay.)
Dyes and paints:
1. White lea<l and oxide oi sine, per kilogram
(In bond, 1,800 kilograms.)
(Tare, casks, 10 per cent. ; packing of metal, 8 per cent.)
2. Cochineal and indigo, per kilogram
(In bond, 225 kiloi^rams. )
(Tare, for indigo in casks and boxes, 25 per cent.)
3. Paints ground in oil, per kilogram
(In bond, 1,800 kilograms.)
(Tare, casks, 12 per cent. ; packings of metal, 8 per cent.)
4. Other dyes and paints, includuag black bone, groona chalk, dye-woods and
plant roots, and other parts of plants used for dyeing not otherwise pro-
vided for
Fat and tallow:
1. Stearine (stearic acid), margarine (margario acid),palmitin (palmitin acid),
naraffine, and other fat or oleaginous substances from which the oleine
nas been wholly or partially extracted, spermacets
2. Candlesthereof, per kilogram
8. Lard and fat. (sw Butter.)
4. Tallow and fatty substances not otherwise provided for
5. Candles made thereof, per kilogram
Pat Ij'^e, train lye, deyra, grease (including residue from the preparation of
garaffineoil and petroleum and the so-called resin oil
, drying-oils, polish, per kilogram
(Tare, packing of metal, 8 per cent.)
Obs.— A mixture of spirits with lacs, dyes and shell gums, and similar, shall be
assessed as polish or varnish when the spirits are understood not to be more than
four-fifths of the weight of the merchanoise; in other cases assessed as brandy.
Figs. (See Fruits.)
Felt. (Se€ Linens, Wool or Hair.)
For sheathing or roonng with asphaltnm, tarred or prepared in a similar ir»y,
as paper No. 4.
Fish. (See Animals.)
Fish-hooks, as hooks.
Feathers and down :
1. In bed-clothes.
(See Iron, under metals.)
97
(See Mattresses.)
2. For beds, quilts, and downs, per kilogram
3. Feathers, ornamental, per kilogram
Bacon. iJSee Animals, &c.)
Foil, tin-foil, and mirror-foil. (See Tin, under metals.)
Foil of other kinds, as gold trimmings. (See Metals.)
Fruits.
1. Fresh:
a. Oranges of all kinds, as common oranges, citrons, lemons, bitter or<
anges, per kilogram
(Tare, boxes, 22 per cent.)
O, Apples, pears, and grapes
c. Other fruits and edible berries, per kilogram
2. Dried:
Plums, including French prunes and other prunes, per kilognun
(In bond, 700 kilograms.)
(Tare, c^aks and boxes, 10 per cent.)
Currants, per kilogram ^
(In bond, 450 kilograms.)
(Tare, cases, 12 per cent. ; boxes, 16 per cent.)
Figs and cakes of figs, per kilogram
(In bondi GOO kilograms.)
(Tare, casks, boxes, and cylinders, 15 per cent. ; caskets and mats, 6 per cent.)
Raains, per kilogram
(In bond, 450 kilof^rams.)
(Tare, casks, 14 per cent. ; boxes, 20 i[>er cent ; earthen Jars, 30 per -cent.)
Oranges and orange peel, per kilogram
Other fniits, not otherwise provide<l for in the tariff, per kilogram
3. Salted or pickled in vinegar:
a. Tamarinds, also if vinegar should not have been added, per kilogram ..
(Tare, casks and boxes, 16 per cent ; earthen jars, 30 per cent.)
Other, per kilogram
(Tare, glasses, 30 per cent.)
4. Fruits and fruit peel crystallized, preserved in sugar and brandy, juioea of
fruits and berries prepared with sugar, and other preserves not other-
wise provided for, per kilogram
(Tare, glasses, without otnor envelope, 30 per oent)
Fringes of gold or silver, as gold trimmings. (See Metals.)
Seeds, viz:
a. Linseed, per 100 kilognuna
(In bond, 20,000 kilograms.)
Orcwng.
0.06.7
0.25
0.06w7
Free.
Free.
ai3
Free.
a 18
Free.
0.06w7
0.83L3
8.00
OrwonM.
0.20
Free.
0.04
0.16.7
0.23
0.23
0.30
0.13
0.16.7
0.10
0.40
0.60
0i68
TABIPP8 OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
37
A. — Norwegian tariff of import duties, <fo. — Continned.
100
96
100
101
108
103
104
105
loe
207
106
lOO
110
Ul
113
lis
114
115
116
117
116
UO
121
123
U4
125
126
127
136
130
in
Import
duty.
Seeds, viz:
h. Rape seed, per 100 kilognuns
(In bond, 20,000 kflograms.)
e. Canary seed, per kiloraun
d. Other seed, not otberwise provided for
Birds. (S^e Animals.)
Matches fluclfers), also of other material than wood
PercQssion caps:
a. For guns, indnding the weight of the boxes, per kilogram
6. Other
O.
Galls and gall nnts
Gelatine. (See Glue.)
Guns. {See Metals.)
Gypsum and casts of plaster. (See Stone, &o.)
Fertilisers
Glass and glassware:
L Bottles and flasks of all kinds (not inclading decanters, cast and cut botdes) .
2. Plates or sheets:
41. With foil, per kilogram
h. Withoat foil, cat and colored, gilded, varnished, engraved, and flgnred,
per kilogram
(Tare, for No. 2, a and b, boxes, 25 per cent.)
e. Other glass, in plates or sheets, per kilogram
5. Sky-lights, tiles of glass, milk pans, nshing nets, floats, glasses for preserves.
4. Vases for chemical parposes, retorts, caps for telegraph poles <.
6. Optical glasses (including baming-glasses) not set, oeads, ornaments not set,
glass ^Is, enamel not msnafactured, glass paste, fragments of glass
6. Beads, ornaments, and beads set in gold, silver, or aluminiam shall be
weighed together with the settings, and t>e charged like them. •
In other metals. (See Jewelry.)
7. Other glssswM^e, per kilogram
6. Bottles with plaited cover, which cannot be considered as envelope, per
kilogram
Globssj inclading tellnriuno, hinariam, and similar articles, wiUi or withoat stands.
Glyoenne
Glycerine, dip
SiMe-pencils. (See Stone, Sec.)
Ckita. (See Grain.)
Mannfactared, as twigs
Otherwise mannfactared
Trimmings of metaL (See Metals, &o.)
Carpets, painted or printed on oil-cloth. (See Textile goods.)
Gum and resins :
1. Pitch from coal and other black pitch
2. Caoatchonc and gatta-percba
5. Gams and resins, not especially enumerated, Inclading turpentine
4. Other gums and resins, liquefied or dissolved, as varnish
6. Caoutchouc and gutta-percha, manufactured :
a. In sheets, including caoutchouc paper, soles, cords or straps, thread,
rings, cables, blocks, buffers, hoses, tubes, rollers, telegraph caps, floor
mats, and soles for horseshoes, also when in combinatmn with threads
or texture
Otherwise, per kilogram
Orovmt.
0.55
Free.
Free.
0.13
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
L83
Free.
(In bond, 120 kilograms.)
H.
Designs. (See Paintings.)
B[air, and manufactures thereof:
L Cnzled hair, including drawn horse and cattle hair, also if not entirely pre-
pared
2. Bristles and hair of all kinds
8. Yam, in or without combination with other spinning materials, as woolen
yam *
4. Brushes:
a. Mounted in wood or metal, per kilogram
b. Mounted in bone, horn, or other materiids, including quills and cards,
per kilogram
6. Other manufactures thereof, in or without combination with other spinning
materials :
0.28
0.18
Free.
Free.
F^ree.
0.06
0.87
Free.
Freci.
Freeu
0.27
Freeu
Free.
Free.
aot
Free.
Free.
Freob
d. Of horse hair:
Hats and cape, (fito flats.)
ait
0.4«
aa?
38
TAKIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Norwegian tariff of import dutitSy ^c. — Continaed.
Hair, and manufactures thereof:
132 Other ^oods, including sievea, aeatingB, and petticoats, per kilogram.
e. Otherwise, as woolen goods.
Hair-pins. (See Metals.)
Shot. (See Lead, under Met^.)
Straw. {See under S.)
Hemp. (See Flax, &c.)
Flax-seed. (See Seeds.)
Gloves. (See Skins.)
Resin. (See Gums.)
133 Harrows
Hats and caps :
134 1. Hats lor ladies and children, of silk or of material consisting of silk in com>
biuation with other niateriuls ; likewise other hats for ladies and children,
if ornamented witli tlowcrs and feathers, per piece
135 2. Hats and caps of all kinds of felt, or of woolen materials (knitting excepted),
made up or otherwise coveied with floss-silk, irrespective of the under
substance, likewise if iiiaxle uj) or otherwise, folding hats, also hats or
cups in part oruuiueuted with fur, all with or without paste-board boxes,
per piece »
136 3. Other hats or caps, provided they cannot bo referred to knitting goods, per
piece
Hat-forms, hat-crowns, and hat-brims of "rolled-book," or other starched niaterhU,
in or without combination with wire, as hat-forms of chips. (See Manufactures
of chips.)
Vegetables, edible:
137 1. Green and salted
2. Prepared in hunuetically closed vessels. (8te Provisions.)
138 3. Other, per kilogram
Hatchets. (»S'ee Metals.)
Grits of millet. (See Grits of wheat, under Grain.)
139 Honey, per kilogram
140 Horn :
a. Not manufactured, ground or in strips
b. Manufactured:
Buttons. (Sec letter K.)
141 Other manufactures, per kilogram
Hides. (See Skins.)
Caps. (See Hats.)
142 Hops, per kilogram
(In bond, 250 kilograms.)
(Tare, packing of linen, 4 per cent.)
148 Hops, Spanish
Isinglass. (See Glue.)
144 WhSebone, cut
Whale-fat (spermaceti.) (See Fats and tallows.)
Walrus teeth. (See Bone.)
Twine. (<$ee Rope-maker goods.)
Hooks and eyes. (See Metals.)
Hay, as grass.
Ginger, white and brown, gronnd and not gnrand. (/8Sm Spioes.)
145 Preserved, per kilogram
(Tare, jars, 45 per cent.)
Instmments:
1. Musical:
a. Piano-fortes:
146 Grand, per piece
147 Square or upright, per piece «
148 h. Guitars, violins, tenor violins, violoncellos, and base violins, per piece.
140 c. Flutes, hantboys, and clarionets, per piece
150 d. Bows for musical instruments, whether imported in connection with an
instrument or otherwise, per piece
151 a. Organs, ad valorem
/. Harmoniums:
158 With pedals, per piece
153 Without^ per piece
154 g. Other musical instmments, per kilogram
155 A. Parts ol musical instruments (strings excepted), per kilogram
2. Other instruments dutiable according to material.
Black lead powder. (See Black load.)
Earth, clay, and manufactures thereof:
156 A. Earth and clay not otherwise provided for in the tariff
B. Manufactures of earth and clay :
157 a. Crucibles, mortars, evaporating and grinding vessels, retorts, baUoons,
andcrecurbits, flags, telegraph caps (isolators), and vessels for galvanic
elements, tubes for conducting water and heat, tubes for closets and
drains, whether made of china or of other species of earth or clay
b. Bowls of pii)es, &c., and clay pipes. (See Pipes.)
Import
duty.
Crown*.
aao
Fre&
L50
0.40
a20
Freew
Free.
0.20
0.20
0.35
0.47
Free.
1.00
60.00
40.00
LOO
0.50
0.20
8 per cent.
40.00
20.00
0.85
a 15
Free.
TABIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
39
A.—Nonoegi<m tariff of import duties, <f o. — Continued.
V
156
159
lOO
1«1
162
163
164
165
160
167
168
168
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
IJDiport
duty.
Earth, clay, and manafactures thereof— Cootinned.
B. MaDufaictures of earth and clay:
c. Stoves of all kinds of earth or clacy
d. Other man ufiu- tares of earth or clay :
1. Brick manufactures:
Bricks of all kinds
Tiles, glazed, per 1,000 pieces
Tilea, not glazed
Other, as pottery
2. Pottery, common*:
Not pliized or painted •--•
Ot hvr, per kilogram
3. Cix)cker V ware, per kilogram 1
(Tare for Noa. 2 and 3, baskets. 25 per cent. ; casks and boxes, 30 por cent.
4. Stone- ware (the substance showing some melting without being
transnarent):
Fine (with white and whitish substance), including "iron-atone"
and " Wed •::«' wood," so Ktyled as crockery ware.
Common (f^ubst^nci-, Dot white or whitish) as pottery.
5. Porcelain or biscuit, per kilogram
(Tare : baskets, 2o per cent. ; casks and boxes, 30 per cent.)
0. Terialith, terracotta, and other articles which do not enter in any of
the classes 1 to 5, shall be dutiable as crockery ware.
K.
Cabbage. (See Vegetables.)
Swords or sabers. (See Iron, under Metals.)
Coffee, per kilogram
(In bond, 240 kilo;irams-)
(Tare: bags, single, U percent; doable, 2| per cent.)
Extracts of cotfco
Roast, all kinds of roast plants, intended to be used as coffee, per kilogram . . . .
Coffee-mills with wooden box, per piece
Of iron. (<S«« Metals.)
Cakes, including all kinds of pastry, prepared with vanilla, lemon-peel, honey,
sugar, and sirup, and similar articles, per kilogram
Lime, burned, and lime and chalk.
Lime-stone. (See Stone.)
Combs, according to materiaL
Cinnamon, cinnamon flowers and cassia lignia. (See Spices.)
Cap(*r8, including the weight of the innermost envelope, per kilogram
Cards and card bands of all kinds
Butts for cards
Cardamom. (See Spices.)
Cards
Charta, astronomical, maps, and seachftfts
Chestnata
Caviar. (See Provisions, under Animals.)
Telescopes and microscopes, per kilogram
Meats. (See Animals, &c.)
Bran. (See Grain.)
Rags, old
Clothing and ornaments, not otherwise provided for in the tariff, and purts thereof^
made up by sewing :
L Impregnated or coated with oil, varnish, gums, or like substances, or manu-
factured of such materials:
a. When the material is wholly or in part made of silk, per kilogram —
b. Otherwise, per kilogram
2. Other clothing and ornaments, as well as parts thereof, made up by sewing,
shall pay the same rate of duty as the chief substance of the outer mate-
rial, and in addition thereto 10 per cent ; the same rate of dnty shall be
paid on tamboured and embroidered articles for clothing or ornaments,
as veils, sleeves, wristbands, when each article of dress u imported sen-
aratel3% also when not entirely finished for use. When the clothing is
made of a material subject to different rates of duty, according its weight
of a square half meter, and the weight cannot be estimated with sufficient
exactitude, the clothing shall be considered made of the material which is
subjected to the highest rate of duty. The additional duty shall not be
impose<l on clothing ready-made of knit goods, also made up with buttons,
■ linmgs, strings, and like, also of a material subject to a higher rate of
duty than the clothmg itself.
8. When the clothing is only stemmed or bound.
Hoofs of cattle. (See Horn. )
Buttons:
L Covered with cloth or thi-ead. (See Haberdashery.)
2. Other buttons and button-molds, including the weight of paper, paste-
board boxes, per kilogram
Verdigris. (See Vitriol.)
Engravings, lithograph.^, and similar goods, not framed. (See Paper.)
I Framed, (^m Frames.)
Cfroums.
Free.
Free.
aoo
Free.
Free.
0.03.8
0.07
9,73
0.40
40 per cent,
0.60
0.40
0.40
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
L60
0.85
Fre&
2.08
0.78
a89
40
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A.^Norw€gian tariff of import dutieSf <fc. — Continaed.
Knni-
ber.
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
248
249
250
251
252
253
Ba«t of cocoanuts and manufactiirc^s thereofl (See BmI.)
Cocoanots, per piece
Confectionei-s' goods. (See Cakes.)
Corals, crude or not manufftct nred — .,.
Manofiactured, as cut and polished 'stones.
Currants. {See Fruits.)
Corkwood
In corks for bottles, not mounted, and cork-solea
In corks for bottles, mounted, per kilogram
In squares in combination witn other materials, including camptolicon and
similar materials, per It ilogram
Grain:
1. Not ground :
<ii Buckwheat, per 100 kilograms
b. Barley, per 100 kilograms
(In bond, 15.000 kilograms.)
e. Beans, i)eas, and lentils, per 100 kilograms
d. Without po<ls, as flour of these articles.
e. Oata
/. Wheat, per 100 kiloirrams —
(In bond, 15,000 kOograms.)
a. Maize, per 100 kilograms
A. Malt or all kinds, ground and not ground, per kilogram
i. Bye, per 100 kilograms
(In bond, 15,000 kilograms.)
At the ports of Hammerfost, Yardd, and Yadsd
2. Ground.
a. Grits:
Of buckwheat, 100 kilograms
Of barley and pearl barley, per 100 kilograms
Of oats
Of wheat, including Semouille and Cabanoa grits; likewise grita of
wheat, miUet, and manna, per kilogram
h. Flour:
Of buckwheat, beans, peas, lentils, and maize, per 100 kilograms
Of barley, per 100 kilograms
Of oats
Of wheat, per 100 kilograms
Of rye, per 100 kilograms
At the porta of Hammerfest, Yardd, and Yadsd
e. Bran
Grain, mixed of different kinds, shall pay duty as that which is subject to the
highest rate.
Cosmetics. (See Pomades.)
Brooms and brushes of twigs, rush, and other fibers of plants, per kilogram.
Chalk, white and red, not manufactured
Ground. (See Paints.)
For drawing, crayons, chiUk pencils. {See Pencils)
Obs. — Goods shali be dutiable as open or clear, if intervals of a minimum thick-
ness of one thread can be distinguished between the single threads outaide the
embroidery, or the interwoven close figures, stripes, &.O. ; or, if this be impossible,
if one-half meter square weighs only 20 grams or less.
17. Other goods of the above specified spinning materials.
a. Printed (as similar goods of cotton) , per kilogram
(In bond, 90 kilograms.)
Obs.— Goods of one color, &c. (See the observation under Cotton.)
b. Of several colors, not printed (aa similar goods of cotton), per kilognun
(In bond, 150 kilograms.)
e. Entirely of one color and bleached (aa similar goods of cotton), per
kilogram ,
(In bond (225 kilograms.)
d. Unbleached, per kilogram
(In bond, 450 kilograms.)
Obs.— Goods of the above enumerated spinning materials, in combination with
cotton, as cotton goods ; in combination with wool, aa woolen goods ; in combina-
tion with silk, as silk goods.
Linseed. ((S^«6 Seeds.)
Linseed cake. (See Oil-cake.)
Lentils. (See Grain.)
Linen made up by hand. (See Clothing and Dress Gh>ods made up by sewing.)
Liquors. (See Brandy.)
Smelling water. (See under Brandy.)
Matches, per kilogram
Lanterns, as lamps.
Candles of wax. (See Wax.)
Candles, other. (See Fata and TallowB.)
Photographs on paper. (See Paper.)
Photograghs, other • ••.,
Leather. (Sec Skins.)
Onions. (See Vegetables.)
Import
duty.
Orovnu.
0.07
Free.
Free.
Free.
0.70
0.18
0.20
0.72
0.36
Free.
a22
0.20
0.28.5
0.20
Free.
0.44
0.44
Free.
0.13
0.40
0.33.8
Free.
L25
0.33.8
Free.
Free.
0.05
Free.
Free.
L07
0.68
0.27
0.18
FlM.
TARIFFS OP THE SEVEBAL C0UNTKIE8.
41
A. — Norwegian tariff of import duties, 4^c. — Continued.
254
255
256
257
258
250
200
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
260
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
270
280
281
282
M.
Instnimenta for weighinfT and measuring
Macaroni. (See Yeraiicelli. ] "
Mattresaes, filled and staffed, bed-clothes, quilta, staffed fumitareand staffed parts
thereof, of which the joiners* work does not form the chief part ; cushions for
carriages, staffed cashions for sof^s, foot-stools, &c. :
1. When any part thereof consists of metal or wood, per kilogram
2. Otherwise.
a. Stuffed with feathers or down, per kilogram
b. Stuffed with other mateiials
Obs.— When the articles belonging to these classes have covers of silk or of silk
in combination with other materials, they shall pay an additional duty of 10 per
cent.
Provisions in hermetically closed and air-tight vessels :
1. Of animals. {See Animals and Provisions of animals.)
2. Other provision, including the weight of the envelopes, per kilogram
Paintings ana drawings, not framed
Fnuned. (£^0 Frames.)
Paints and painters' goods. {See Dyes.)
Ores, not melted, (i^ Stone.)
Malt. {See Grain.)
Extract of malt, dry or liquid, including the weight of the innermost enrelopej
per kilogram
Almonds and almond no wder, per It ilogram
(Tare: envelope of linen, 4 per cent.)
Grits of manna. (See Grits of wheat, under Grain.)
Machinery :
SteamTengiuee and other engines for industrial, agricultural, or nautical pur-
poses ; likewise parts of snch engines, including packing for engines, friction
iMtnds, and driv^^g bands
Mats. {See the material.)
Medals. {See Metals.)
Flour. {See Grain.)
Meerschaom. . {See Earth and clay.
Metals:
L Crude, in pigs, granulated, in blocks and bars, and in such slabs or like,
which have nndergone no other finishing than melting; also old metal goods
onlv fit for remanufacturing and scrap metal
II. Manufactured :
A.— Of various metals :
1. Hooks and fish-hooks, including fiy-hooks and hooks with artificial bait.
2. Jewelry of base metals, iu or without combination with other metals, as
bracelet*, pins, chains, crosses, rings, seals, clasps, &c., including the
cases, boxes, papers, or like innermost envelopes, per kilogram
3. Gold leaf and silver leaf and all other metal leaf
Bronze powder, and all other finely-ground metals, pure and imitation.. .
Guns and pistols, per kilogram
Gun-barrels in raw state
Other parts, per kilogram
Cannon, mortars, gun-cairiages, and shot
Trimmings of gold, silver, pTatina, and aluminum, as thread, lahn, tin-
sel, tresses, galloons, laces, fringes, pure and imitation, per kilogram . .
Hackel s
Uooksand eyes, hair-pins, per kilogram
No tare shall be allowed lor the papers on which pins are fastened.
Coins, medals t —
11. Pins, including the weight of the pasteboards or the boxes, per kilo —
12. Beads of other metals than gold, silver, and aluminum, per kilogram . ..
Implements and tools for inrlustrial, nautical, and agricultural purposes,
provided they are not otherwise herein specified, with or without
handles
Type-founder work of all kinds (for instance, types and stereotype
plates, ornaments and molds of metal, with or without combination
of wood, for printers, binders, cotton-printers, paper-hangings mann-
facturers, &c., as well as plates of metaj, engraved or in other ways
prepared for printinu of music, land and sea cbaHs, &c. )
Wire of steel or other metals, interwoven in or covered with ribbons,
thre-ad, paper, or like (including the weight of the spools); steel
springs covtTcd with thread or like, including crinoline wire, per kilo.
6. Manufactures, including hat-bodies, per kilometer
Obs. — ^Very heavy manufacture!) of niotil for industrial and agricultural pur-
poses, also for use on board ships, can be allowed by the treasury depariment to
enter at a reduced rate of duty, or, according to the circumstances, free of duty,
provided they are not alreadyexempt of duty according to the tariff.
B. — Gold, silver, aluminum, platina :
1. Pressed, unpoliahea. per hectogram
2. Otherwise manufactured, including the article set in the manufinctared
metal, per hectogram
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
0.
10.
13.
14.
15a.
Import
duty.
Orownt.
Free.
0.18
0.60
15 per cent.
Free.
0.60
0.86
0.40
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
0.80
0.53
0.10
2.33.3
Free.
0.53
Free.
0.60
1.16
Free.
Free.
0.27
0.40
0.64
0.64
42
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Norwegian tariff of import duties, <f"c.— -Continued.
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
314
815
816
817
818
819
Metals — Continned.
C— Iron:
1. Steel, as bar iron.
2. Naila, bolta, sci-ews, cleucber-naila ; also zincked, coppered, aod tinned .
3. Nutfi, clencb -plates, clench-rinfis
4. Table-knivoH and tork8, with bandies of silver, or silver-plated; pen-
knives, razors, with or without cases or boxts, per kilometer
Observe: Knives wbeieiu nia blades of inn-knives slioll be rated as pen-knives ;
also when they have other blades or instrmneuts.
5. Steel and iron wiie :
a. Also coppond and zinckcd (including strings)
b. Wires and win* bands, and wires manufactured. (See Metals, manu-
factured, A No. lf>)
e. Manufactured:
a. Ilopes
p. OtherwLso ,
6. Needles:
a. Sewing, embroidery, daminp, crochet, and knitting: needles, in-
cluaiuff tbo pape'i-s covering the needles, per kilogram
b. Pius and hiiir-pins. (Set 9th class of nianulacturcd metals.)
e. Other needles, as ])olishod manufactures of iron.
7. Door-handles, flre-^^b()vcl3, lirc-tonps, pokers, hinges, garden -shears,
hand-mills, knobs tor drawers and lilie, choppin;.-knive8, door-bolts,
scissors (not polLshcd), buckles, knittuig-m edles, irons, mountin;;s of
doors and windows, materials for keys, with or without handles, per
kilogram
8. Thimbles and sewing-rings (also lined with other metal than iron), steel
for striking fire, corlc -screws, other knives and forks than those
above enumeialed, scis-sors (j)olifihed), IocLh, suuflfers, sjiurs, skates,
swords, and saberu, with and without sheaths, and blades for such
weapons, per kilogram
9. Beds, safes and tire-proof boxes, so styled, copying presses and seal
presses '.
10. Other cast-iron manufactures:
1. Fine, such as ash pans, newspaper-brackets, tables. baa-reliefs,cniet-
stands, book-sheh e.>«, barometers, hand bells, cigar-holders, eta-
gdres, figures and groups thereof, matcb-boxes, n els for wool, &c.,
candehibras, console^*, baskets, chandeliers, sconces, reading-
desks, screens, candlesticks, lockets, paper-holUers, penholders,
I>en-racks, trays, censors bowls, inkstands, sugar-choppers, needle-
work holdere, looking-glass frames, tobacco-boxes, thermometers,
watch-stands and vases, whetherornot polished, painted, bronzed,
varnished, galvanized, or the like, per kilogram
2. Coarse:
a. Pipes, valves for pipes, ballast iron, retorts
b. Pots and kettles, with or without lids
e. Cast-iron ware, not otherwise specified
a. Bar, bolt, and band iron, axles, and pivots, crows, ship-kneee,
cramps, T-irons, and other rolled and hammered, scrap iron,
railroad bars, plates and cramps for fastening such bars
b. Pipes and valves for pipes, posts for fences —
0. Ship anchors, cable onains, and iron chains
d. Plates
a. Plates 3^ millimeters, and over, thick, manofactored, indad-
ing boilers
/. Plates less than 3^ millimeters thick, mannfactured :
a. Lacquered, enameled, or glazed, per kilogram
/3. Painted, varnished, bronzed, per kilogram
y. Otherwise (including articles overlaid with zinc) per kilo-
gram ,
g. Manufactures from iron, otherwise wrought or rolled :
a. Gilt or plated, per kilogram ,
^. Overlaiil with nickel or polished (all goods on which no filing
is visible shall be rated as polished), per kilogram
y. Otherwise, per kilogram ,
D. Lead, rolls, pigs, sheets
Pipes.
Boxes, foil, toys, as similar goods of tin.
Other manufactures, including shot, per kilogram
(Tare, shot packed in linen 1 per cent.)
E. Tin in rolls, 'pigs, sheets, and in grain
Pipes ,
Other man ufactnres :
a. Giit, plate<l. per kilogram
b. Otherwise, including foil, per kilogram
P. Zinc in sheets, blocks, bars, pipes
NaUs
Wire and strings
Orwent,
Free.
Free.
O.dO
Free.
Free.
Free.
0.S8
0.16
0.85
FreoL
0.20
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Freo.
Free.
0.86
0.16
0.10
0.70
Free.
0.85
0.10
0.08
Free.
FK'a
0.70
0.85
Free.
Free.
Free.
TABIPFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
43
A. — Norwegian tariff of import duiieSf ^c. — Continaed.
If um-
ber.
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
829
830
881
832
333
834
385
336
337
338
839
840
341
342
843
844
Meti^b — ContinQed .
Hanofactused — Continued.
F. — Ziuc, in sheets, blocks, bars, pipea — Continaed.
Otherwise manafacttired :
a. Gilt, silver-plated, per kilogram
h. Bronzed, varnished, lacquere<l, or painted, per kilogram
c. Cast ai-ticles, weighing over 25 kilograms, per piece
d. Otherwise, per kilogram
G. Copper, brass, bronze, German silver, and other metals mixed with copper
1. Plates, sheets, bolts, rivet rings, rivet plates, bottoms, bars, wirocloth,
and unpolished pipes
2. Nails, screws, nuts, rivets
3. Sheets, plated
4. Battens. (See Buttons.)
5. Thread and strings —
6. Manafacturcs of wire, in or without combination with other materials,
provided they do notenter intoany of the above classes, per kilogram,
7. Casts of busts and statues, weighing over 25 kilograms
8. Bells, wheel boxes, door mountings, door latclies, faucets, hinges,
candle-sticks, mortars, casters for furniture, irons, thimbles, sewing-
rings, knobs for drawers or like, rings and hooks, with or witbout
screw-thread, watch-keys, in or witbout combination with other
materials, per kilogram
0. Other manulactures:
a. Gilt and plated, including the articles especially enumerated
under Xo. 8, when import^ as gilt and silvcr-platecl, per kilogram
b. Otherwise, per kiiogratn
Britannia metal, as copper.
Microscopes. {See Telescopes.)
Minerals. (See Stone.)
Mineral waters. (See Thermal waters.)
Mead, per kilogram
(Tare, casks, 10 per cent.)
Models, not fit for any other ase
Musk
Mushrooms. (See Champignons.)
Masic. (See under Paper.)
Mace and nutmegs. (See Spicee.)
Must. (See Juices.)
N.
Needles (sewing, embroidery, crochet, kniting, and darning needles). (See lion,
under Metals.)
Pins and hairpins. (See Manufaotored metals, A No. 9.)
Other needles. (See Iron, under Metals.)
Specimens of natural history of all kinds
Nickel. (.Sm Metals.)
Nitro-glycerine and dynamite
Vermicelli, macaroni, per kilogram
(Tare, boxes, 24 per cent., baskets, 12 per cent.)
Nnta, hazel, and walnuts, Para nats, and other edible nnts, not otherwise provided
for, per kilogram^
O.
Wafers of all kinds, including wafer sheets, per kilogram
Oils:
1. Fatty oils :
a. Olive oil, per kilogram
(In bond, 1,200 kilograms.)
b. Hemp-seed oil, palm oil, oocoanut oil, per Idlognun
(In bond, 7.800 kilograms.)
0. Linseed oiC rape-seed oil, sperm oil, oleine, lard^ and other fatty oils, or
oily substances, if not elsewnere specified in the tariff^ i>er kilogram
(In bond, 1,800 kilograms.)
d. Castor-oil (oleum ricini)
2. Ethereal:
a. Camphene, paraffine oil, photogene, wood-oil, and like illnminating fluids,
American earth or stone oil (petroleum), per kilogram
(In bond, 1,800 kilograms.)
b. Turpentine, spike Juniper, and birch oil ; hartshorn, amber oil, and
" oleum succmicum crudum," per kilogram
(Tare for No. 1, a and b, and for No. 2, a and b : In casks, or other barrels, single
or double, for fatty oils, 18 per cent ; for ethereal oils, 2U per cent. ; in bottles and
glasses without other envelope, 20 per cent. ; in bottles or glasses in one plain
asket with straw, 30 per cent. : in bottles and glasses in two plain baskets
with straw, 40 per cent. ; in bottles or glasses packed in sawdust or similar ar-
tide in boxes, 40 per cent ; in earthen jars, 30 per cent ; in earthen Jars in
one plain basket with straw, 40 per cent. ; in earthen Jars in two plain baskets
with straw, 50 per cent.)
Import
duty.
Orotons.
0.70
0.35
Free.
0.16
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
0.35
Free.
0.85
0.70
0.85
0.17
Free.
Frea
Free.
Free.
0.20
0.83
0.80
0.08.7
0.06
0.06
Free.
0.10
0.06.7
1
44
TARII-TS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Norwegian tariff of import dutieSy fo, — Continued.
KaiD<
ber.
345
846
347
348
849
850
851
852
888
854
855
356
857
858
850
860
861
862
363
864
865
866
867
868
860
370
•871
872
Oilft— Continned.
2. Ethereal— Continaed.
e. Other ethereal oils, inclading the weight of the innermost envelope
(bottle.Jar or like), per kilogram
3. Hair oil, inclading the weight of the Teasel (bottle, Jar, ice.), per kilogram.
Oilcakes aod oil floor
Olives. {See Fruits.)
Oranges. {See Fruits.)
Cheese, per kUo)]:ram
Ox>tongues. {Set Provisions, under Animals.)
P.
Paper and manufactures thereof:
1. Writing, drawin^r, and music paper with lines, and all kinds of i>aper suitable
for writing ana drawing paper, white and colored in the mass, varnished,
oiled, or prepared in a like way ; parchment paper and paper cut in slips
for telegraphs, per kilogram
2. Paper, printing, all kinds of paper suitable for printing-i>aper, which do not
enter into the foregoing class, white and colored in the mass, blotting and
filtering paper ."
3. Pasteboard, packing and wrapping paper, naper- waste, pressing pasteboard. .
4. Sheathing and roofing paper, puper coated or covered with asphaltnm, tar,
glass, sand, slate, emery, or like ; also papers which do not enter into any
of the above classes
5. Ornaments of stone, pasteboard, and slates
6. Hangings, patterns, and books of patterns for embroidery, knitting, crochet-
work, and the like (newspapers and journals excepted), blank forms,
vignettes, labels, ruled paper, round games of paper, enameled paper, visit-
ing cards, tickets for steamers and the like ; envelopes cut out and pasted
together ; also white linen lining, bags and the like ; frames with or with-
out glass for pictures ; paper covere^i with gauze or other materials, lac-
quered paper and cap soades thereof, per kiBgram
7. Playing cards, i>er kilogram
8. Written paper, paper money, lines of exchange, bonds, shares and like papers,
representing value
0. Paper, bound or stitched, per kilogram
10. Books, or parts thereof, newspapers, sheets of music, and other articles of
paper, piinted or written (engravings, lithographs, &c., included), not
chargeable under No. G, bound and unbound
11. Other manufactures of pasteboard and other paper, and of papier-maoh6, in-
cluding albums, per kilogram
Paper, calico. {See Textile goods.)
Papier-macb6, manufactured. {See under Paper.)
Paper waste, or shavings
Parasols and umbrellas :
1. With covers of silk or sUk in part, per piece
2. With cover of other materials, per piece
3. Frames without cover, per kilogram
Pepper. (jS^-e Spices.)
Brushes. {See Brush-maker's goods.)
Mother of pearl:
1. Unmanufactured
. 2. Manufactured:
(a) Buttons. {SeeletterK.)
(b) Otherwise, per kilogram
Pearls, precious, not sot
Set, shall be weighed with the setting and dutiable at the same rate.
Necklace of corals, as corals manufactured.
Pipe bowls, tobacco pipes, pipe tubes, mouth-piecesL irrespective of material, with
or without mounting or otner appurtenances, and with or without oases:
(a) Clay -pipes
Tare, cases 17 per cent.
Baskets, 12 per cent.
(b) Other, per kilogram -. ». —
Pickles. {See Vegetables.)
Pistols. {See under Metals.)
Plants, live. {See Trees.)
Plows
Pomade, including the weight of the innermost envelope (paper, glass, Jars, and
the like), per kilogram ,
, Bittter oranges. {See Fruits.)
Porcelain. {See Earth and clay.)
Portfolios, as letter cases.
Porter. {See Ale.)
Haberdashery :
1. Of silk alone, as silk.
2. Of silk in combination with other materials, whether the outer part consists
wholly of silk over other materials or of silk in combination with other
materials, per kilogram
3. Other, per kilogram
Lnport
duty.
OrowfU,
2.00
0.67
Free.
a 15
0.18
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
0.18
0.18
Free.
0.27
Free.
0.60
Free.
0.75
0.25
0.85
Free.
0.80
Free.
a07
0.85
Free.
0.85
2.83.8
L33.8
TAKIPF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
45
A — Norwegian tariff of import dutieSf fc, — Continued.
ber.
373
174
375
376
377
378
379
380
385
887
380
391
892
0B8.>-Bendea the articles which generally belong to haberdashery, the following
are clawed as such : Buttons, covered with woven or spun goods, lacing, aU kinds
of woolen ribbons and woolen cords and hair nets. No deduction of daty shall be
Eiven for materials ased as inner packings of haberdashery.
Pies. {See Animals, &c.)
Potash
Potatoes
Potatchfloor, as starch.
Pottery. {See Earth and clay.)
Preeses, printing presses and other presses for lithographs, engravings firom oop*
I»er and steel plates, &o
Sample-books, without samples, as bound paper.
Cushions, as mattresses.
Extract of punch, as brandy.
Sausages. {See Provisions, under Animals.)
K.
for oil paintings ,
For oil prints, engravings, and the like, are dutiable as manufibotuies of the
material of wluch they are piincipally made without deduction for the
weight of the picture, glass, &c. In the case of frames, dutiable ad valorem,
no account shall be taken of the value of the picture.
Frames of paper, covered with glass. {See Paper.)
Bapeseed. (^iee Seeds.)
Amber, and manufactures thereof
Cordage. {See Flax and hemp.)
Cordage of bast, grass, or rush (according to material).
Slates:
a. Of Stone. (£00 Stone.)
b. Of pasteboard. (See Paper.)
c. Of other materials
Travelhig bags, traveling trunks, hat boxes, portmantaus, pouches, and similar
bags and trunks of leather, or covered with leather, likewise of wool, cotton,
hemp, or flax, &o., in combination or otherwise with leather, or other material,
per kilogram
Biding whips. {See Saddles, under Skins.)
Bice:
In the husk :
1. Loose, in bulk, per 100 kilograms
(In bond, 3,000 kilocrams.)
In bass, &.C., per Kilogram
(In bond, 3,000 kilograms.)
2. Cleaned (nee grit and ground rice), per kilogram
(In bond, 1,200 kilograms.)
Obs. — If cleaned rice and ricerin the husk be mixed up when imported, the pro*
portion of each kind shall be taken into account in assessing the duty leviable.
3. Bran of rice -
Boe, caviar. {See Provisions, under Animals.)
Other
Baisins. ( See Fruits. )
Baisin stems.
Shades, rainted or printed. {See Textile goods.)
Boots, eoible. {See Vegetables. )
Chicory and beet, not roast, per kilogram
Boast, and otticr roast roots used for coffee, as roast cofBae.
B^-stone and red chidk, as chalk.
Incense and incense paper, including the weight of the envelope, per kilogram. . . .
Canes, inclutUng reed for plastering, bamboo, rattui, split, ana not split ■
Plated manufactures, thereof, per kilogram
Import
dut^.
Oroumt,
Free.
Free.
Free.
Freeb
Freeb
Fre6w
0.80
8.90
0.66
0.10
Free.
Free.
Free.
a07
1.90
0.80
8.
Sables. {See Iron, under Metals.)
Saddlery. {See Skins.)
Siiffron. (See Spices.)
Juices of fruits and berries :
1. I'repared with sugar. {See Fruits.)
2. Other, including must, containing until 18 per cent, alcohol, per kilogram. ..
(Tare, casks 16 per cent.).
Sago and sago tlour, sakp, ground arrowroot, tapioca, pearl and flour, per kilo-
gram
(In bond, 900 kilograms.)
(Tare, boxes, 16 per cent.)
Sal-ammoniac. {See Ammonia.)
Saltpeter, crude
ChiU saltpeter (nitric natron)
Nitneadd
Salts:
1. Bock salt or stone salt •
0.20.6
0.15
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
46
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Norwegian tariff of import dutieSj ^c. — Continued.
Nam-
ber.
Salta — Cont^Dned.
2. Glauber (as soda).
3. Hartsbom salt (See Ammonia.)
805 4. Keflned table salt, in blocks, loaves, and lamps, per Idlogram
396 5. Other salt, for cooking. p<^r hectoliter
At the ports of Uammerfest, vardoe, andYadso, per hectcdita'
(In bond, 330 hectoliters.)
807 Muriatic acid '.
Sauces. (See Spices.)
Shellac. (See Unms.)
Sails, made np by sewing. (See Textile goods.)
Twine (as cordage). (Sr4: Flax, Sec.).
Bed clothes. (See Ma tresses.)
Mustard. (See Spices.)
Siccative, or drying oil. (See Vamlah.)
898 Sieves, per kiiogi-am
Silk ana silk gc^s, as well ns other textile materials in combination with silk :
890 1. Twisted and rot twisted, dyed and not dyed, in or without combination
with other spinning materials, per kilogram
400 2. Blonde, bobbinct, lace and gauze of silk in combination with other textile
material (as similar goods of cotton), per kilogram
401 3. Velvet and other goods with figures, stripes, &c., of velvet, in or without
combination with other textile materials, metal or glass threads, per kilo-
gram
402 4. Suk floss (felt or plush), in or without combination with other textile ma-
terials, per kilogram
5. Haberdashery. (iSee under letter P.)
Other goods:
403 6. Of silk alone, or of silk with interwoven glass or metal threads, per kilo-
gram •
(In bond, 30 kilograms.)
Of silk mixed with other materials :
404 a. When at least the half of the article, or when the warp or the woof.
the right or the wrong side consist of other materials than silk, it shall
be considered consisung of silk alone, per kilogram
(In bond, 35 kilograms.)
b. Otherwise, as other goods of silk alone.
Ob8.— When it is not possible to ascertain whether the half of the goods consiats
of other materials than silk, it shall be considered consisting only of silk.
Sirup. (Se". Sugar.)
405 Rushes, in raw state
Brooms and brushes. (See Brooms.)
406 Otherwise mannt'iictured, per kilogram
Aq^na fortis. (See Nitric acid.)
407 Ships, with inventory.
408 Tortoise shell, unmanufactured •
manufactured as horn, letter b.
Skins and hides :
A. With hair on, not specified under peltries, or dutiable under that class:
a. Undressed, salted, or otherwise.
400 1. Dried
410 2. Raw
411 b. Dressed, per kilogram
412 3. Manufactured, per kilogram
B. Without hair:
413 a. Tannod, including sole leather and leather for inner soles, per kilogram
(In bond, 200 kilograms.)
6. Belting. (See Machinery.)
414 c. Otherwise, per kilogram
d. Manufactured:
415 1. Gloves, sewed and only cut, also lined with another material, per
kilogram
2. Shoemakers' work:
416 a. Of silk or of material combined with silk, per kilogram
417 /3. Of other material or of morocco, cordova leather, glazed and
dyed skins, in combination with other skins, or otherwise, per
kilogram
y. Of other skins or leather, and of felt :
With soles of wood, per kilogram
419 With solos of other material, per kilogram
420 3. Saddles, harness, bits, whips for driving, horsewhips; tmsses, per
kilogram
4. Portfolios. (See Cases.)
421 5. Manufactures not otherwise enumerated shall be rated as the skins
and hides of which they arc made, and in addition thereto, 10 ner
cent. Skins and hides, only cut and not finished in any otner
way, curved boot-legs and hat^bands with holes, shall not be rated
as skins and hides manufactured.
Import
daly.
Orounu.
0.0%8
0.86
aiB
Free.
ass
aos
2.50
8.47
2.83.8
8.47
8.88.8
Free.
0.10
Free.
Free.
Free.
a83.8
a37
a23
a46
2.33
2.83.8
1.43
0.20
0.93
0.60
TAKIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
47
A. — Xorwegian tariff of impart dutieSf jx, — Continued.
423
424
426
437
490
431
433
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
443
Skiss snd ]iide»— €<mtmned.
0. Sldna tnd hides, with hair or feathers, for peltries:
a. Undressed:
1. Of goats, sheep, or Iambs, with the exception of gray Crimean and
eennine Kalmuck skins, skins of deer, roes, does, elks, reindeer,
kangu-ocs, hares, and seal
2. Skins of beavers, fitohets, chinchilla, stone-martin, mink, sables,
black and blue foxes, and otter, per kilogram
3. Other kinds, per kilogram
b. Prepared separate and sewed together :
1. Skins of the animals specified under e a 1, above, per kilogram ....
2. Pennsylvania skins, per kilogram
3. Other skins pay as nndresMd skin and 20 per cent, in addition
thereto,
e. Manufactured peltries are dutiable as dressed skins, with 50 per cent,
in addition thereto. For cloaks and garments lined with fur and
other peltries in combination with cloth or other textile materials
(with tne exception of caps) shall be assessed for their entire weight
as peltries.
Waste of skins and hides Shoes and other boots of felt. (^Sm Shoemakers' work,
under Skins and hides.)
Sboemakers' goods. {See Skins.)
Sboe-blackins and shoe wax. (See Blacking.)
Typefuander^ goods. (See Metals.)
Wm-mnDB. (See Metals.)
Emery. {See Earih and clay.)
Butter, lard, and fats
Joiners' goods. {See Wood.)
Soda
Soda wator (as water from mineral springs).
Sieves.
Soya, as Sauces.
Manufactures of chips :
Hats and caps. {See Hats.)
Mats, for floors, per kilogram
For hats, also with gauze and other material, sewed or pasted on, i>er kilo-
gram ... —
Hat bodies, hat crowns, and hat brims, manufactured thereof, per kilogram . .
Other manufactures, per kilopikm
Walking canes, sticks for pnrasols and umbrellas of all kinds, and all nnsplit canes
which have been more finished than only cut in certain lengths, and fishmg-rods,
per kilogram
Looking glasses :
Plate glaas. {See Glass ware.)
Spermacets and candles thereof. {See Whale fat, under Fats and taUowa.)
Caraway. (See Seeds.)
Plaving cards. (See Paper.)
Blubber. (8m Train oil.)
Steel and steel wire. (See Iron, under Metals.)
Metallic pens. {See Iron, under Metals.)
SUves. {See Wood.)
Stearine and.stcarine candles. {See Fats and tallows.)
Stone and manufactures thereof:
1. Precious stones and imitations thereof, cut or polished.
a. Set in gold, silver, or aluminium, shall be weighed together with the
setting, and be dutiable as therein.
b. Jewelrv in or without combination with other metals than those enum*
erated above under a, as Jewelry under metals.
2. All other kinds, including slates and slate pencils, plaster of Paris, chalk,
cement, castings, and m^ds of cement, plaster, chalk, or like; also stone
powdered, ground, or otherwise prepared ,
Coal, including coke and cinder
Manufactured, as cut and polished stone.
Lithographs. {See Paper.)
Crockery ware. {See Earih and clay.)
Starch and starch gums (dextrine), per kilogram
(Tare, boxes, 16 per cent.)
Straw:
Manufactured.
IMraw flowers. {See Howers.)
Mats for floors, cords, and other similar coarse plaitings as rash, otherwise
manufactured.
Hats and caps. {See Hats.)
Other plaitings than above enumerated.
Manufactured.
Trimmings and other manufactures of straw in or without combini^on with
other materials, per kilogram
Import
duty.
Oroums,
Free.
2.00
0.40
0.20
2.40
Free.
Free.
ao7
a40
a40
0.10
ass
Free.
Free.
OiOB.t
an
48
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Norwegian tariff of import duHeSy ^'c. — ContiDaed.
Num-
ber.
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
StrinffB, catguts, and silk striuj^, with or without other coyer, per kilogram
Of metal. {See MetaL)
Straw of flax. (See Flax, &,o. )
Orange peel, {oee Fruit« in sugar.)
Sugar and simp :
1. Sugar, in whole or crushed loaves, squares, or cakes, and sugar-candy, per
kilogram
(In bond, 240 kilograms.)
2. Other snear:
a. Light, per kilogram
(In bond, 240 tulograms.)
b. Dark, also dissolved and other liquid sugar (including the Juice before
the sugar was separated), which cannot be classed as common sirup
or molasses, sugar of grapes or starch, per kilogram
(In bond, 325 kilograms.)
(Tare for No. 1 and 2, a and b ; for paper with or without twine no tare shall
be allowed ; boxes candy, 12 per cent. ; other sugar, 15 per cent.)
8. Sirup:
a. Common simp and molasses, per kilogjam
(In bond, 1,200 kilogi-ams.)
(Tare, casks, 12 per cent.)
Capillairc, mulberry, rose, violet sirup and other like sirups, per kilogram
Sugars, ligDter than the standards which will be forwarded by the treasury de-
partment to the ports of entry and correspond with the Amsterdam standard No.
20 shall be classed as "other light sugai-s."
If the same package contains sugars dutiable at different rates the whole lot
shall be dutiable at the highest rate. A package containing crystallized sugar,
together with simp and molasses, shall oe entirely duldable as "other dark
sugars," if over a fourth of the total weight is solid su^r.
Confectionery, including drops and other like preparations of sugar, per kilogram
Mineral spiing water or mineral water
Sponges (washing sponges), per kilogram
Pranes. (See Fruits.)
Bristles. {See Hair.)
Brimstone and sulphur flours
Lucifers, as matches.
Sulphuric acid (vitriol oil).
Blackings of all kinds (the duty on blacking for boots and shoes Ib payable on the
weight of the innermost packing, envelope as well).
Work-boxes, with implements, (tfea Cases.)
Whips. {See under Skins.)
Soap:
Soft, per kilogram
Transparent, per kilogram
Otherwise, per kilogram »
(In bond, 1,200 kilograms.)
(Tare, casks and boxes, 12 percent.)
Bags, sewed. {See Textile goods.)
Litharge. {See Dyes Xo. 4.)
T.
Tiles for roofing. {See Earth and clay.)
Tallow candles. {See Fats and tallows.)
Tamarinds. {See Fruits.)
Tapioca. {See Sa^^o.)
Catguts. {See Strings.)
Slates. {See Stone.)
Pocket-books. (iS^^^ Letter-cases. )
Telegraph apparatus and telegraph cables, telephones
Turi)ontino. {See Gums and rosin.)
T(?rra japoiiica. ()S<?<; Catechu.)
Tea, p« r kilo«;ram
(In boml, 60 kilograms.)
(Taro, boxt'B lin(xl with lead, 25 per cent.)
Oxide oftiu
Salts of tin
Tar of wood and coal ,
"Bright varDish," as turpentine. {See Gums and resins.)
Tobacco:
Stems, per kilogram
(In bond, 150 kilograms.)
In leaf and not stemmed, per kilogram
(In bond, 150 kilograms.)
Tobacco'in leaf sweetened is equal to tobacco in leaf unsweetened as regards the
quantity in bond.
(Tare for stems and tobacco in leaf and not stemmed; hides, 8 per cent.; rush,
with or without bagging, 10 per cent.; baskets, 3 per cent., bagging, 2 per cent.
Casks: (a) when the article is imported ftrom a place in Europe, 8 percent.; (b)
when imported from a place out of Europe, 12 per cent.)
Import
duty.
Orotim*.
L16 0
0.44
0.44
0.86
0.0&7
0.58
a46.6
Free.
2.67
l*Yee.
0.03.8
0.80
0.10
Iteeb
L60
Free.
Free.
Free.
L25
L25
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
49
A. — Norwegian tariff of import dutieSf ^o.~Continn6d.
ber.
4«5
4m
467
468
4m
470
471
472
473
474
475
479
477
478
479
480
481
482
463
484
485
486
487
489
490
491
492
493
484
Sniifr,per)dlotn^un • ,
(Tare in bottlee andjan. 50 per cent.; other envelopee, 15 per cent.)
Cinrsand cigarettea, per kilogram
(Tare, boxea 25 per cent)
Smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, and mannfactnred tobaoco of all descrip-
tions, per kilogram ,
No tare shall be allowed for paper or other envelope of smoking and chewing
tobacco.
Torpedoes and electric apparatus for nse in sabroarine mines
Cordage (according to material).
Train oil.
Train lye. {See Lye of fats.)
Tripoli. (See Earth.)
Wood and wooden ware.
1. Poles, flUeu and frames with real and false gilding, likewise, if the weight
of each piece docs not exceed 14 kilograms, ratters, bowls, boxes, cniet«
stands, sewing and dressing cases without nttings, carving and similar
small articles, per kilogram
2. Fillets, ornamented, not gilt, per kilogram
S. Tamers' goods, with or without fittings, rings, &c., combs (also of cocoa or
other nuts).
a. Blockis tools and parts thereof^ spools
6. Spinning wheeU and other simple tamers' work, such as lei^s for fomi-
tare, per kilogram
e. Ivory turners' goods, penholders of wood of all kinds, combs, per kilo-
gram
4. Carved goods, weighinji; over 1. 5 kOograms per piece, as ftimitnre.
5. Basket-work of ozier and- willows. (i8^ Baskets.;
8. Fomiture, with cushions and scats :
a. Of walnut, mahogany, and other foreign woods, as well as veneered
with the same, irrespective of the Kind of wood, rcml or iroitaUon
gilding, and lacqaered, per kilogram
b. Ofnr and pine, also in combination with small parts of other domestic
woods without veneering, per kilogram
e. Of beach and other domestic woods, as well as veneering of these woods,
per kilogram.
To the article in other cases than that specified in letter b composed of different
kinds of wood, it shall be dutiable as if entirely made of the wood which pays
the highest duty.
Fumitare covered wiUi silk, or silk in combination with other materials, shall
pay additional duty of 10 percent, whereas for other covers no additional duty
shall be charged.
7. Staves, manufactured, and other coopers' goods, ad valorem
At the poits of Uammerfest, Vardoe, and Tadso
Manufactured staves or such as are shaved, as well as grooved, that is, provided
with incisions for the bottoms, and the bottom pieces belonging to such oottoms,
or bottoms Joined together.
Allother wooden ware, not otherwise specified
Trees, banhoi*, pbints, live
Tmfiies. (See Champignons,)
Indian ink. (See Dyes, &«.)
Textile gooda:
1. Painted, lacqucrfKl, varnished goods, impregnated or worked with india-rub-
ber, gutta percha, or oil, likewiiie materiskls covered with paper pulp :
a. Emery cloth and sand cloth
b. CMpets, tarpaulines, other goods of which a i-meter square weighs 470
grams or over, per kilogram
c. Bookbinders' cloth
d. Roller blinds, per kilogram
e. Oil-skin and other goods, wholly or in part of silk, per kilogram
/. Oil-cloth and other goods, not included in any of the above five classes,
per k ilogram
2. Hade up or otherwise put together, which cannot be classed as dress-goods,
shall pay dutv according to matenal with an addition of 10 per cent But
no addition shall be charged for sails and bags, and when the articles are
only stemmed tir bound j
Hoops, for barrels (See Wood.)
Peat
IT.
Watches, clocks :
1. Ladies' watches and pocket watches, including pocket chronometers, per
piece
2. Clocks, with or without glass and stands:
a. In cane of metal or porcelain:
a. Not weighing over 8 kilograms, per kilogram
p. Over that weight, per kilogram
b. In esses of other materials:
a Not weighing o >er 5 kilo^p^ms, per kilogi-am ■
fi. Over that weight, in;r piece
1784 CONG — A P 4
Import
duty.
Oroumt.
1.60
2.60
1.60
Free.
a28
a 10
Free.
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.02
0.0&6
10 per cent
6 percent.
Fre«.
Free.
Free.
0.13
Free.
1.07
2.67
0.87
Free.
LOO
LOO
8.00
LOO
6.00
50
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Xorwegian tariff of export duUe9f ^o. — Continued.
Watches, clocks — Continued.
3. Clocks for towers are dutiable as other goods of the same materials.
495 4. Other clocks, per kilogram
496 5. Clock-works put together without cases, per kilogram
6. Clock cases of wood, as joiners' work.
Clock cases of other roaterialn aa clocks :
407 7. FaceH for the clocks specitied under No. 4, above, per kilogram
8. Single parts of clocks and clock-works, according to material. Weights for
clocks shall be rated separately.
Wool and woolen goods :
498 1. Wool
2. Woolen yai n :
490 a. Not d ved, per kilogram
(In bond, 450 kilo^iara.) •
600 6. D.ved, also yam of all descriptions combined with metal threads, per
kilogram ..'.
(In bond, 300 kilograms )
501 3. Felts for machires, felts for paper machines, cloth-lists
602 Other felts per kilojirara
603 Carpets and niateriiils for carpets, bed-quilts, saddle-girths, and woTen girths,
per kilogram
(In bond, 200 kilogi-ams.)
Hats. (See letter H.)
6. Knit goods, knitte:!, croched, netted, or woven:
604 a. Stockin;;s, under-shirts, gloves, coarse, per kilogram
(In bond, 225 kilograms.)
605 b. Other, including woolen scarfs of all kinds, per kilogram
(In bond, 70 kilograms.)
Obb. — Stockings are reckoned as coarse when they have a length of 60 centimeters
from the heel and weigh 160 grams or mure per pair, and other lengths in the same
proportion; gloves are reckoned as coarKO when they have not more than one or
two tingeis. Sbirtsare considered coarse wh(»u each one with a length of 60 centi-
meters or more weighs 360 grams, and other lengths in the same proportion.
7. Haberdashery. ((S'e* letter P.)
606 8. Ribbons and textile goods interwoven with india-rubber, gutta-peroha, and
the like and belts thereof (as like cotton goods), per kilogram
607 9. Blonde, bobbiuet, lace, and gauze (as similar goods of cotton), per kilogram. .
608 10. Other open or clear goods, if either embroidered or woven in patterns,
tigures, stripes, or squares (embroidery on canvas excepted), per kilogram . .
Ob8. — Goods shall be dutiable as open or clear, if intervals of a minimum thick-
ness of one thread can be distinguished between the single threads outside the em-
broidery, or the interwoven close figures, stripes, &c., or, if this be impossible,
when a piece of one-half meter square only 20 grams or less.
11. Other woolen goods :
600 a. Embroidered with silk or thread of metal, per kilogram
610 • b. Or herwise, per kilogram
(In bond, 75 kilograms.)
Obs.— Woolen goods in combination with silk (see silk goods), woolen goods in
combination with hair (provided they are not rated under '* hair"), or other spin-
ning materials, shall be rated as woolen goods.
V.
Walnuts. (See Nuts.)
611 Watergloss
Vanilla. (See Spires.)
Scales. (See lustruments for weighing and msMuring.)
Vermicelli. (See Italian paste.)
Ozier. (See Wood.)
612 Wines in casks or bottles, per kilogram
(In bond, 7 kiloyjams )
(Tare, casks 10 per cent.)
613 Wine in bottles, per liter
Lees of wine and mother of wine :
Fluid, as wine.
514 Mixed with oatmeal or flour of rye in proportions of 13 hectograms to 1 hecto-
liter
615 Dry.
Grapes. (iSeef Fruits.)
Tartar (crude and refined), including crystalli tartari and cremor tartarl
Tartaric acid, as citric acta.
617 Vetch.
Game. (See Animals.)
Bows for violins and other bows for musical instruments. (See Instruments.)
Frankincense. (See Gums.)
Wire and wire-hands. (<SV Metals manufactured A. No. 15.)
Visiting cards. (See Paper.)
618 Vitriol, of all kinds
Vitriol oil. (See Sulphuric acid.)
Carriages and carts:
619 1. Tram-cars of all kinds, locomotives included
Ortnofu.
0.67
2.S8.3
0.67
Free.
0.18
0.20
Free.
0.80
0.47
0.27
L07
LOT
2.60
L76
2.38.8
0.80
Free.
ai&6
0.20.5
Free.
Free.
Free.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
51
A. — N'orwegian tariff of import duties, jrc — CootiDued.
520
521
522
523
524
62.>
526
527
528
529
590
532
Cairiagefl and cnrtA — CoDtlDued.
2. Childivn'a carriai^ea, per piece
3. CartH, with two or four wheels, handcarts and wheelbarrows
4. Carriages, without apholslerers' work or leather work, per piece
Cairiages with npholsten'rs' work.
a. Four-wheeled, wholly or half roofed, IncludiDg calashes \rith fixed or
movable heads, per piece
Ot her four-wheeled carnages, per piece
h. Two-wheeled carriages, per piece
Grease. {See Lyes of fats.)
Wax
Wax candles and wax tapers, per kilogram
Oil-cloth and oil-skio. (See Textile goods.)
Wicks. {See Cotton goods.)
Shuttles, healds, and pickets
Z.
Bulbs. {See Flowers.)
Beer of all kinds, such as porter, ale, &o. :
In bottles or Jugs, per liter
In other vessels, per kilogram
(Tare, casks 19 percent.)
Articles not belonging to any of the above specified'
Import
duty.
Orovms.
2.50
Free.
8.0O
80.00
80.00
8.00
Free.
0.13
Free.
0.21
0.17
10 percent
B.— TariJT of export duties.
Anchovies, as salted fish, 1 hectoliter
Wood for hoops, as lumber.
Bark, per ship ton
Bone, per ship ton
(Fuel.) Firewood, as lumber.
Bottom pieces for casks, as lumber.
Fish:
1. Dried and smoked, per 100 kilograms
2. Cured, per 100 kilograms
3. Salted, of all kinds, in barrels, filled and not filled, per hectoliter
4. Salted in open sea and outside the coast, and then exported
Lobster, per piece
Clap-board, as lumber.
Spawn or roe
Staves, as lumber.
Train oil.
Timber and lumber of all kinds:
a. Pieces of over 19 decimeters in length, per ship ton
6. Smaller pieces, per ship toA
c In rafts, per cubic meter
Export
duty.
OrcwM.
0.02^
0.031
O.FO
Free.
0.27
0.09
0.02|
0.001
Free.
0.80
0.031
0.30
The duty will be charged on as many tons as are given in the vessel's
register when the customs officers regard it as fully loaded, that is,
when the hold of the vessel is fully loaded with timber, or it may be
judged that it would have been fully loaded if the deck cargo also had
been loaded in the hold. In the opposite case the duty shall be assessed
on the real quality loaded in the vessel, whether tlie cargo be stored on
the deck or the hohl, at the same time never paying for more tons than
are entered on the shi])'s register. No duty shall be charged wiien the
lumber occupies less than one ton's space.
If lumber dutiable at different rates of export duty be exported in the
same vessel, such duty shall be charged :
A. For the whole lot at the lower rate where the lumber dutiable at
the higher rate consists only of boards to cover the deck cargo or spars
necessary for the shii)'s use.
B. For the cargo below deck at the lower rate and for the deck cargo
at the higher, when the former consists exclusively of pieces not exceed-
1)2 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
ipg 19 decimeters in length, find the latter of wooden goods of greater
length for the most part than mentioned in letter A, according to which
estimate the cargo under deck shall be estimated at seven-eighths and
the cargo on deck at one^eighth of the meaisured tonnage of the vessel.
C. In other cat as for the whole lot at the higher rate.
Articles not belonging to any classes subject to export duty shall be
exempt of duty.
We hereby most graciously order that the foregoing decree of the
Storthing shall be put in full force.
Given at the palace of Stockholm on the 18th of June. 1881.
Under the seal of the Kingdom.
In the absence of His Majesty, my most gracious King and Lord.
GUSTAF.
E. KiCRULF.
Lehmann.
GERMANY.
THE OERMAV TAEIFF.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION, BT CONSUL-GENERAL KREISSMANN, OF BERLIN, OF THE
GERMAN TARIFF ACT AND CUSTOMS TARIFF, APPROVED JULY 15, 1870.
AN ACT in relation to the customs tariff of the German customs territory and the
reveniies from customs and from taxation of tobacco. (Approved July 15, 1879.)
Section 1. On imported goods duties shall be levied in accordance
with the subjoined tariff, which shall be in lieu of the customs union
tariff of the Ist of October, 1870, and the act amending the same, ap-
proved July 7, 1873 (Bulletin of the laws of the Empire, page 241).
This act shall take effect —
First. Immediately as to the following tariff numbers, viz, No. 6 (iron,
&c.). No. 14 (hops). No. 15 (instruments, &c.), No. 23 (candles); also as
to the articles contained in No. 25 of the tariff (groceries), with the excep-
tion of those articles designated in the item q 2 of said No. 25; likewise
as to the articles coming under No. 26 c of the tariffs (fats), and as to
No. 29 (petroleum). No. 37 (animals, &c.), and No. 39 (live stock);
Second. On the 1st of October, 1879, as to the articles contained un-
der No. 9 <?, e,/ (grain, &c.), and No. 13 a to/ (wood) of the tariff;
Third. On the 1st of July, 1880, as to No. 8 of the tariff, flax and other
vegetable spinning materials, with the exception of cotton, raw, dried,
broken, or heckled; also as waste;
Fourth. On the 1st of January, 1880, as to the remaining articles
enumerated in the tariff, including those hereinbefore excepted in the
first clause.
Sec. 2. Duties by weight shall be collected from the gross weight —
a. Whenever the tariff shall expressly so provide ;
b. When the duty on the goods does not exceed 6 marks on 100 kilo-
grams. Otherwise the duties by weight shall be levied on the basis of
the net weight.
In ascertaining the net weight of liquids, the weight of their imme-
diate receptacles (casks, bottles, jars, &c.) shall not be deducted. As
regards sirups, the present existing regulations shall remain in force.
For the other kinds of goods, the percentage of the gross weighty ac-
cording to which the net weight shall be computed, shall be prescnbed
by the Federal Council.
Sec. 3. The Federal Council shall have power to provide that the aa-
certainment and liquidation of duties on the goods embraced in tbi^
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 53
items, No. 2 c and 22 a, &, e, and /of the tariff sliall occur at such cus-
tom-houses only as may be designated for the purpose, unless the par-
ties concerned shall be prepared to pay the highest rates of duty pre-
scribed in said item.
Sec. 4. Duty-free shall be —
a. Packages of goods imported from abroad by mail, weighing 250
grams and less, gross weight.
b. All goods subject to duty by weight in quantities of less tban 50
grams. Duties of less amount than 5 pfennige shall in no case be col-
lected; duties of greater sums shall be collected only to the extent as
said sums can be divided by 5, omitting any excess in pfennige. The
federal council shall have power in all the premises herein set forth to
impose local restrictions in case of abuse.
Sec. 5. The following articles shall remain free from duties of import
provided the conditions precedent for the exemption of the same Irom
duty shall exist:
First. Products of agriculture and of live-stock raising, derived from
such premises located beyond the limits of the customs territory, as
shall be managed from dwelling-houses or farm buildings situated with-
in said limits, under like conditions ; also the products of forest-culture,
provided the premises situate beyond the limits of the customs territory
form a part of the premises within the same.
Second. Wearing a])parel and clothes already used and not imported
for sale; household utensils and effects alreadj' used, factory imple-
ments and tools already used, of persons arriving in the customs terri-
tory, and when intended for like purposes by said persons ; by special
permission, also, new wearing apparel, clothes, and effects, so far as the
same constitute articles with which persons from abroad have famished
themselves, who, by reason of their marriage, may take up their abode
in the country.
Third. By special permission, also, household utensils and effects
already used, when obtained by inheritance and imported upon proper
evidence to that effect.
Fourth. Traveling effects, wearing apparel, clothes, &c., which trav-
elers, drivers of vehicles, and sailors carry with them jbr their own use,
also tools carried by journeying mechanics, as well as fixtures and in-
struments of traveling artists used by the same in the pursuit of their
vocations ; further, articles of like description sent in advance of or
following the arrival of the persons aforesaid ; likewise articles of food
for consumption by persons traveling.
Fifth. Vehicles, including rolling-stock of railroads employed in cut-
ting the line for the transportation of persons and goods, and entering
for no other purpose ; also rolling-stock of domestic railroad companies
returning empty, and the rolling stock already in service of railroad
companies of other countries.
By special permission, carriages of travelers, even if the same, when
imported, did not serve as the means for carrying their owners, pros ided
proper evidence be produced of the previous use thereof by said owners,
as well as of the further use by the same. Horses and other animals
if, from the use made of the same on entering it shall be evident that
they belong as beasts of draught or burden to traveling orheavy wagons,
or serve in transporting goods or carrying passengers.
Sixth. Enijity barrels, sacks, and the like, either brought in from other
coantries with a view of re-exportation for the purpose of purchasing'
oil, grain, &c., or returned from other countries after oil, &c., has been
e^cported therein, jjrovided that their identity in either case be estab-
h«hed, and, if deemed requisite, payment of the import duties secured.
54 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAX. COUNTRIES.
But no proof of identity sball be required in the case of any empty
sacks, barrels, &c., already used, in relation to which no doubt exists
that they have served as the means of exporting grain, &c., or are in-
tended to be used as such in exporting grain, &c.
Seventh. Sample cards and samples in cut pieces, or otherwise, solely
tit for use as such.
Eighth. Objects for art imported for exhibitions or for State and other
public art institutions and collections, also other objects imported for
the libraries and other scientific collections of public institutions, like-
wise natural curiosities intended for scientific collections.
Ninth. Antiquarian objects (antiquer antiquities), provided the char-
acter of the same shall admit of no doubt that the value thereof con-
sists in age and are not fitlor any other use or purpose than for collections.
Tenth. Materials used for building, repairing, or equipping seagoing
vessels, inclusive of the ordinary ship-fixtures, subject, however, to such
regulations appertaining to the same as the Federal Council prescribe.
As regards metal articles used tor purj)oses aforesaid, the provisions
now existing in the premises shall remain in force.
Sec. C. On goods coming from countries that treat German vessels,
or goods of German origin, more unfavorably than the vessels or goods
of other nations, no treaty stipulations to the contrary, an additional
duty, not exceeding 50 per cent, of the amount of duty prescribed in
the tariff in pursuance of this act, may be imposed. Such additional
duty shall be levied by imperial decpee, by and with the consent of the
Federal Council.
Upon the issue thereof, said decree shall at once be communicated to
the Reichstag, if in session, otherwise it shall be so communicated to the
Eeichstag at the beginning of the first session of the same subsequent
thereto.
Failing to pass the Reichstag, said decree shall cease to have any
force and eft'ect.
Sec. 7. First. For the goods designated in No. 9 of tlie tariff (grain,
&c.), if the same be intended for sale exclusively outside of the customs
territory, it shall be permitted to establish transit storehouses, not sub-
ject to official restrictions ; in which storehouses the handling and re-
packing of the goods there stored may freely, and without requiring
declaration, occur, and where the said goods may be mixed with domes-
tic produce. And it is hereby provided that in exporting the goods
so mixed the percentage of the foreign produce contained in the mixture
shall be regarded as the quantity entitled to i)ass free of duty. But
such transit storehouses for goods of the description aforesaid may also
be permitted to be established regardless of the fact whether the same
are intended to be shipped for sale beyond or into the customs terri-
tory. '
Second. Like provisions respecting transit storehouses as those pre-
scribed in the clause 1 of this section shall apply to the wood enumer-
ated in No. 13 c of the tariff. The closing in of the places for storing in
the premises may be dispensed with. Likewise may the woods coming
under No. B c 1 of the tariff be temporarily removed from their place
of storage, and. after having been subject to a process resulting in their
classification under No. 2 e, returned to said place of storage.
In the case of building and cabinet woods imported in rafts and
shipped, under permit, to a further point, the Federal Council may pro-
vide facilitations in the mode of complying with the customs tormalities
as ])rescribed in general.
Third. For mill products (No. 25 q of the tariff), when exported, a
drawback of the import duty for foreign grain shall be allowed propor-
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
55
tionate to tbe percentage of foreign grain used in the manufacture of
said products, and for the flour exported when certified, foreign grain
cofrespondiog in weight to the amount of grain required for producing
said flour shall be admitted free of dut^'. The proper relative propor-
tions in the premises shall be fixed by the Federal CouDcil.
Fourth. Full regulations in the premises (sections 108 aud 109, sec-
tions 115 and 118 of the act approved July 1, 1879), including more par-
ticularly the lequirements to be imposed on the persotos keeping store-
houses as aforesaid, shall be made by the Federal Council.
Sec. 8. All revenues derived from customs duties and the tax on
tobacco which shall exceed the sum of 130,000,000 marks per annum
shall be distributed to the several states in like manner in proportion
to the population as the same are required to contribute tbeir money
quota to the general expenditures of the empire.
Distribution shall be made in ticcordance with the quarterly and an-
nual statements of accounts required by article 39 of the constitution of
the empire, but subject to a final settlement between the treasury of
the empire and the several states. This provision shall take effect on
the 1st of April, 1880.
If the revenues collected from customs duties and the tax on tobacco
within the period of time from October 1, 1879, to March 31, 1880, shall
exceed the sum of 52,651,815 marks, the amount exceeding said sum
shall be credited to the money quota required of the several states in
proportion to their respective population.
GERMAN CUSTOMS TARIFF.
CommoditiM.
I.—WaiU.
m. Waste from manufacture of iron (scraps, filinp[s), from sheet-iron, tinned
and zinekedinm ; waste from glass works, also broken glass and earthen-
ware; from the manufactore of wax ; of ROap factories, the lye ; of tan-
neries, the leather parings, also old worn-out pieces and other leather-
waste fit for manufacturing purposes
b. Bloo<1 of Hlaughtoicd animal.'*, liiiiiid or dry: sinews, malt, reMdaums,
distillers' wash; chaff, bran; maU sprouts; hard coal-ashes ; dang, ani-
mal and other manures. sucIj as soaked ashes, limo ashes, sugar-bakers'
clay, and boues of aniroaU of wbatevir kind
yoTK TO &.— Otherwise datiablc artificial roanulactures aud dang salts,
are. by special permit and control of their uac, admitted duty f«)e.
c. Rag?« of all kinds: paper shavings, written and printed waste paper; old
fifthing nets, oUl ropes and conla : picked lint
XoTK.— Waste, not specially enumerat<>d, is treated as the raw materials
from which it is derived.
II. — Ck>Uon and mant^faeturet of eotton.
«. Cotton, raw. carded, combed, dyed
*. Cotton wadding 100 kilos. .
t. Cotton yam, unmixed or mixed with linen, silk, wool, or other vegetable
or animal spinning material :
1. Single twist, law, up to No. 17, English 100 kilos. .
Above No. 17 to No. 45, English do
Above No. 45 to Ko. 60, English do
Above No. 60 to No. 79, English do
Above No. 79 -. do
2. Double twist raw, up to Xo. 17, English do. ..
Above No. 17 to No. 45, English do
Above No. 45 to No. 60. English do
Above No. CO to No. 79, English do
AboveNo.79. do
8. Shigle ur double twist, bleached or dy^d, up to No. 17, English do
Above No. 17 to No. 45, English do
Above No. 45 to No. 00, English do
Above No. 60 to Na 79, English do
Above No. 70, English , ^...do....
Rates of duty.
In United
Stuesmoney.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
$0 85
In marks.
L60
2 85
12 00
428
l&OO
6 71
24.00
7 14
30.00
8 66
36.00
8 57
l&OO
4 99
21.00
642
' 27.00
7 86
83.00
928
89.00
5 71
24.00
7 14
80.00
8 66
80.00
999
42.00
1142
48.00
56
TABIFF8 OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES
Crennan oustomi (ar{^— Continned.
Commodities.
e. CottODVittii, &o.— Continaed.
4. Ireble or more twist, raw, bleached, dyed lOOklloa..
6. Twisted sewing thread do —
6. Wicks, nnplaited do . .
d. Goods of cotton alono or cotton with metal thread, nnmixed with silk,
wool, or other uiimal hair, as mentioned under No. 41 :
1. Kaw (of raw yam), clo«te tissue, excepting cnt velvets ; net lace
raw, and not figured 100 kilos. .
2. Unbleached, close tissue: algofinished, excepting cnt velvets, .do —
8. All close tissues not included in Nos. I, 2, and 6 ; raw (made of raw
yam) light fabrics, excepting window-curtains, not coming under
Ko. 1, hoaiery, laoes, trimmings, and buttons ; also goods spun in
p«^i with me'tal threads 100 kilos . .
Cnrtain BtulFs, bleached and finished do ...
AH light fabrics, as Jaconet, muslin, tnlle, marly, gauze, not pio-
vided for under Nos. L 3, and 4 100 kiios. .
Laces and all embraideries do —
4.
5.
6.
KoU to d.
1. Cotton fishing nets, new 100 kilos . .
2. Very coarse tissues of raw spun-cotton waste, also mixed with other
materials, or single-dyed threads, in pieces not over 50 centimeters
square, having the appearance of gray packing linen, and used for press-
cloths, scnibbing-cloths, Slo 100 kilos..
3. Baw textures for emery linen and for emery-cloth factories, by special
permit, under control ; likewise emery cloth
ILL — Lead, dUo alloyed with antimony, zinc, tin, and mant^factures thereof.
a. Crude lead, old lead, lead, silver, and gold litharge
h. Rolled lead, printing types 100 kilos.
e. Rough lead articles, also combined with wood, iron, zinc, or tin, not pol-
ished or varnished ; wire 100 kilos . ,
d. Fancy manufactures of lead, also mixed with other materials, if not be-
longm g to C Uss 20 100 kilos . ,
lY. — Brush and Heoe manufactures.
a. Coarse:
1. Brushes and brooms of best Ptraw, rushes, grass, roots, esparto,
also when combined with wood or iron not polished or var-
nished 100 kilos..
2. Other brushes, also when combined with wool or iron not polished-
or varnished 100 kilos..
b. Fancy, in connection with other materials, if not bolongiug to Class
20 100 kilos..
Bates of doty.
a.
b.
e.
d.
e.
X:
• V. — Drugs, chemicals, and dye-stuffs.
Ethers of all kinds, chlorofom, collodion, etberic oils (except those
hereafter enumerated under b and i) ; ei^sencee, extracts, tinctures and
waters containing alcohol or ether for the trade or medicinal use ; all
varnishes (except oil varnish), painters' gouache, and pastil colors;
Chinese ink, paint boxes, pencils and crayons; drawing chalk. .100 kilos. .
Oil of juniper and of rosemary do —
Oxalic acid and oxalic-acid potash ; yellow, white, and red pmssiate of
potash 100k iloe . .
(Jaustic potash, caustic nat ron, oil varnish do —
Alum, printers' ink, chloride of lime, dye-wood extract, gelatine, putty,
g^ue, soot, shoe-blocking, sealing-wax, inks, and ink-powders, wagon-
grease, combustibles 100 kilos. .
So<la, calcined: bicarbonate of soda do
Soda, raw. natural ur artificial ; crystallized soda, potash do —
"Water (soluble) glass do —
Baw chemical preparations for industrial or me<1ioal uses, drugs, apothe-
cary wares, and dye-stuffs, not heretofore included under a to a or in
other sections of the tariff; beiizole, and other light tar oils, oil of tur-
pentine, oil of resin, animal oil, natural and artificial mineral waters,
inclusive of bottles and jugs ; sealing wafers, conoentrated juices, gun-
powder, wine, yeast, dry orpaste
y I. — Iron and steel, mani^factures qf iron and stesL
a. Pig-iron of all kinds, old iron, and such scrap-iron as does not come un-
der No. 1 -•. 100 kilos.
h. Wrought iron (welded iron, welded steel, fused iron, fused steel), in bars,
including shaped iron, tires, plowshares, angle and T iron rails, fish-
plates iron, bed-plates and sleepers 100 kilos. .
In United
States money.
$11 42
16 00
5 71
19 04
28 80
28 60
54 78
47 60
59 50
71
Free.
Free.
Frea
288
71
142
571
52
1 90
671
4 70
285
1 90
52
71
69
85
69
In marks.
4&00
70.00
24 00
80.00
100.00
120.00
280.00
200.00
250.00
8.00
laoo
8.00
flu 00
24 00
4.00
&00
94.00
20.00
12.00
aoo
4.00
8.00
2.50
1.50
LOO
LOO
2.60
TAEIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
German custome fart^— Continaed.
5T
Commodities.
NoU to b.
L Loop-iron containing dross, mw rails, ingots 100 kilos. .
2. Wrought iron, in biu^ for vriro-brtiah factories, by special permit,
nndcr control 100 kilos..
e. Plates and 8heet« of wrought iron :
1. Bough do
2. Polished, varnished, lacquered, coppered, tinned, zinoked, or leaded,
100 kilos
d. Wire, also coppered, tinned, zincked, leaded, polished, or varnished,
100 kilos
#. "Manufactures of iron and steel :
1. Heavy articles of cast iron 100 kilos..
Of iron roughly wrought for machines and wagons, bridges
and parts of orid^^es, anchors, chains and cables, railroad
axles, tires, wheels, buffers, cannons, anvils, vises, pulleys,
blacksmiths' hammers, wagon-spriogs, bed-springs, crowbars,
brakes, horseshoes 100 kilos..
BoUed and dmwn tubes of wrought iron do
2. Less heav^ articles:
Otherwise oot ^lovided for, alsi* combinetl with wood do —
Smoothed, varnished, coppered, zincked, tinned, leaded, or enam-
eled, but not polished or lacquered ; also, skates, hammers,
hatchets, axes, common locks, coarse knives, scythes, sickles,
curry-combs, tower-clocks, turners' screws, squares; wood,
lock, whe«l, and coil screws; tongs, pressed keys, duuK and
hayforks : 100 kilos..
Hanu-files, sword-blades, planes, chisels, clothiers' and tailors'
scissors, turners' scissors, hedge scissors, saws, au<;crs, die-
stocks, machine and paper knives, &o 100 kilos..
Hon TO « 2. — Chains and wire cables for chain and other toM'ing purposes.
8. Fancy articles:
Or fine cast iron, as light ornamental castings, polished castings,
art castings, malleable ca«»tiu;i8 of wrought iron, polished or
lacquered : cutlery, shears, knitting and crochet needles,
sword cutlery; aU these articles otherwise not mentioned,
also in connection with wood and other materials, provided
they are not included in No. 20 100 kilos. .
Sewing needles, pens of steel and other not precious metals,
parts of watches and watch movements of not precious metals;
fire-arms, of all kinds 100 kilos. .
VIL— OZay, ores, and preeumt tnetalt.
Clays and raw material substances, also burnt, washed or ground, ores pre-
Kred or unprepared, not specially taxed, precious metals, as coins, in
rs or pieces
Vm.— JToa;, de:
Flax and other vegetable materials for spinning (except cotton), raw, dried,
broken, or hackled, or as waste 100 kilos. .
IX. — Grain and agricultural produce.
a. Wheat, rye, oats, and pulse, and grains not otherwise provided for, 100
kilos ..
5. Barley, maize, and buckwheat 100 kilos..
e. Malt do ... ,
d. Anise, coriander, fennel, cumin do
e. Bape seeds, turnip seeds do
f. Other prodnoe, not otherwise provided for
Bates of duty.
In United
States money.
In marks.
$0 25
11
71
1 19
71
69
71
1 19
142
Free.
288
8 67
671
14 28
Free.
23
23
11
28
71
07
X. — 6lau and gUut ware,
a. Green and other natural colored common hollow glass, neither pressed,
cut, nor polished ; also covered with wicker of wulow, broom, straw, or
rashes; glass metal; raw optical glass (flint crown glass) ; raw ribbed
glass plates; roof glass, enameling ana glazing mateHal; glass tubes
and rods, without uistinctiou of color, used for glass beads and fancy
blowing glass 130 kilos..
5u White hollow glass, not figured, uncut, not ground, not pressed, or only
with finished stoppers, bottoms, or brims 100 kilos gross . .
71
1 90
L5a
.50
3.00
5.00
8.0O
2.50
8.0O
5.0O
0.0O
10.00
15.00
24.00
80.00
LOO
LOO
.50
L20
2.0O
.80
8.0O
8.00
58
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
German cuatofM tarijf— Continued.
Commodities.
X. — Ola»$ and glasi toaf»— Continned.
«. Window and sheet glass in its nataral color (green, partly or entirely
white), nncnt, not ngared, if the single length and single breadth taken
together measure:
1. Up to 120 centimeters 100 kilos gross . .
2. Aoovo 120 to 200 centimeters do —
3. Above 200 centimeters do —
-d. 1. Mirror-glaps, raw, not cut 100 kilos. .
2. Plate (window) and miiror glass, cut, polished, figured, ground, also
colored and overlaid 100 kilos gross..
■«. Ornaments for glass chandeliers; glass buttons, also colored; solid white
glass, not specinlly mentioned ; prtssed, polished, ground, cut, etched,
gnred, not included in d or/ 100 kilos. .
KoTB TO e. — Small glass plates, glass beads, enamel droi>s, also colored, 100
kHos
J. Colored, with exception of what is included in a, d, and «, painted or
gilded (silvered) glass ; glass pastes (imitat ions, rare, of precious stoncis)
not set; glassware ana enamel goods combined with other materials
not belonging to No. 20 100 kilos. .
Note to /. — ^Milk glass, and alabaster glass, not figured, not cut, not ground
not painted, not pressed, or only with finished stoppers, bottoms, or
brims 100 kilos..
XI. — Hair qf hofgeM, human hair^ and manvfacturet thereqf^ feathtri and
bristles.
•a. Horse hair, raw, heckled, boiled, dyed, and in plaits, spun bristles, oil-
cloth raw bed feathers
b. Braids of horse haii'; textiles of mixed materials of which either the en-
tire warp or woof consists of horse hair 100 kilos. .
c. Human hair, raw, or in any of the states specified in a do
d. Wi^s and other articles mado of hair or imitation hair do . . .
€. Writing-qaills, raw, ornamental feathers, not specified under /....do....
y. Writ ing quills, prepared ; bed feathers cleaned and prepared do —
^. Prepared ornamental feathers do
XII. — Hides and skins.
■a. Hides and skins, raw (green, salted, limed, drjOi for conversion into
leather; raw sheep, lamb, and goat-skins with the hair on, and sheep-
skins with the hair off but not aressed
4). Fur s k ins
Xm. — Wood and other vegetable and aninuxl materials for earning, and man-
ufactures thereof.
€t. lire-wood, brush-wood, also brush-wood brooms; charcoal, cork- wood,
also cut in plates; tau-cako (tan-bark as burning material); vegetable
and animal substances for carving not specially named
b. Wood, bark and tan 100 kilos.
c. Timber for building and cabinet woods:
1. Raw or ronsh-hewn do...,
2. Sawn or otherwise cut timber, barrel-staves, and similar sawn or
cut articles ; also unpeelcd basket- willow and hoops ..100 kilos..
d. Coarse, rough, undyed, coopers', turners', joiners', and only pinned wood-
ware and wagoners' work, with the exception of hard-wood furniture
and veneered furniture; peeled barked willow : course basket-makers'
work neither painted, dyed, lacquered, p(»lished, or varnished; sheets of
horn and roughly cut bone plates ; chair cane, tinged or split. 100 kilos.
e. Wood cut in veneers, not glued, not tinned for panpiots do. . .
/. Wooden furniture and parts of furniture not specitied under d and g,
also partly combined with metals not precious; tanned leather; glass;
stones (excepting precious and semi-precious stones) ; stoneware, /at-
ence, or porcelain; other joiners', turners', and coopers' ware, wagon-
ers' work and ctiarse basket wares, which are painted, tinged, lac-
quereil, polished, varnished, or partly combined with the above-named
materuils ; gluecl and veneered parquet-work not inlaid ; coarse cork
articles (strips, bungs) ; coarse toys (not paint«'d) ; whalebones in
staves 100 kilos.
■g. Fancy wooden articles (with inlaid or carved work), fancy basket-ware,
bottle corks, cork soles, carved cork articles, in general all not under d,
«,/ and h; specified articles of vegetable or animal carving material,
with the exception of tortoise-shell, ivory, mother-of-pearl, amber,
agate, jet, also combined with other materials, provided they do not
thereby come under No. 20, bronze wood 100 kilos.
h. Upholstered furniture of all kinds:
1. Uncovered do. . .
2. Covered do ..
Bates of duty.
In United
State* money.
$1 42
&00
1 90
aoo
2 38
10.00
71
3.00
671
5 71
2L00
05
4.00
7 14
aaoo
2 88
ioloo
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
288
In marks.
7 14
7 14
052
24.00
1142
4a 00
28 80
100.00
47 00
2oaoo
71
8.00
142
6.00
7100
800.00
11
.50
02
.10
05
.25
71
142
.28
aoo
laoo
80.00
80.00
4a 00
TABIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
59
Oerman customs /aryf— Continued.
Commodities.
XIV.— fibjw.
XV. — Inttrumentt, mnehine*, vehicles.
100 kilos gross..
«• Inatraments with regard to the material uf which they are made :
1. Musical 100 kilos..
1. AntroDomical, sarjncal, optical, matbeioatical, chemical (for labora-
toiler), philosophical
1. Lc-comotiveii. portable engines 100 kilos..
2. Other, chief material being —
Wood lOOkUos..
Cast iron do
AVrooght iron do
Other, not precions metals do
KOTK TO 6. I, 2. — Steam engines and boilers for building ships
3. Cards and card clothmg 100 kilos..
«. C*rnagea and sleigha:
1. xCatl way rolling-stock withoat leather or upholstery work, ad va-
lorem
All other ad valorem..
2. Other carriages and sleighs with leather or upholstery work, per
piece
d. Sea and river ships, including the usual eauipmonts and appurtenances
of same, such as anchors, anchor and otner ship chains, as also steam
engines and boilers
KoTB.— All movable articles of the ship's inventory oUier than such as are
ordinarily used on sbips are subject to the duty prescribed for such arti-
cles.
XVI.— A<ntafUM».
XVn. — Oaoutehoue and gutta-pereha, and ^nanufaetures thereqf.
«. Caoatcbouc and gutta-percha, raw or purified ; hard rubber, also in pol-
ished plates, staves, tubs. Ace. and unpressed with designs
h. Caoutchouc thread not combined with other materials, or surrounded or
orerspnn with cotton, linen, or woolen raw (not bleached or dyed) yam
<Hily in such manner that the caoutchouc thread remains visible with-
out stretching the same; caoutchouc plates; caoutchouc solution,
lOOkOos
c Coarse articles of soft caoutchouc not lacquere<l, not dyed, not printed ;
hard rubber ^oods; all these articles also if mixeil with other materials
not included in No. 20; overspun caoutchouc thread 100 kilos. .
d. Fancy articles of soft caoutchouc, lacquered, painted, printed, or with
iroprcssetl designs; nil these articles also mixed with other materials
not included in No. 20 100 kilos..
4. Ti.'SUfs of all kinds covered or s.itnriited or joined together with layers
of caoutchouc or with India rubber threads) pasted in ; also same com-
bined with other .spinning material ; hosiery and ribbon goods mixed
with caoutchouc thn ads 100 kilos..
KOTK TO f, I. — Printetl cloth of caoutchouc, for fuctorio«, and artificial card-
ins leather, for card factories*, both by special pcnuit under control
2. Hose of hemp, machine belting, and wagon-covers of coarse tex-
tiles mixed with caoutchouc 100 kilos .
XVIII. — Ready-made wearing apparel and under -clothes, millinery.
«. Of silk or doss-silk, also, mixed with wire, embroidered, and lace cloths,
lOOkilos
*.Ofhalfsilk lOOkilos.
€. Othf^TB, not enumerated hereafter under d and e do ..
d. Of textures covered or saturated with caoutchouc; also, of spun
caontt^honc mixed with other spinnipg materials lOOkilos.
«. Shirts and under-clothes of linen and cotton do
1. Hats:
1. Gents' silk bats, trimmed or not 100 kilos..
2. Gents* felt hats, trimmed or not do
3. Lafltes' bat«. trimmed per piece . .
4. Hats not specially named, trimmed or not do
f. Artificial flowers :
1. Flowers, finished, composed entirely of woven or knitted tissues,
or mixed with other materials 100 kilos..
2. Parts of flowers, as leaves, stems, die, not Joined together... do —
Rates of duty.
In United
States money.
Free.
8 56
67 per cent.
10 per cent.
36 70
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
71
9S2
14 28
21 42
5 71
In marks.
214 20
107 10
71 40
30 04
35 70
71 40
42 84
23
04
71 40
28 56
20.00
80.00
aoo
3.00
3.00
5.00
36.00
160.00
8.00
40.00
60.00
90.00
24.00
900.00
450.00
300.00
130. 00
150.00
300.00
180.00
1.00
0.20
300.00
120.00
60
Tariffs of the several countries.
Qerman oustoms tortjf— Continued.
CommodltleA.
jLuL.~~Oopper and other not apeeiaUy named bate metals, c&mpontione qf
OOie metais not tpeeiaUy named^ and mant{faeturei therecf.
BftteB of duty.
In United
States money.
In marks.
a. Copper, crude or scrap
b. Wroaght or rolled copper, in bars and sheets, wire and telegraph cable.
100 kilos
e. In sheets or wire, plated 100 kilos. .
d. Manofactures, viz:
1. Coarse copper, smiths' and brass foundprs' work ; also, combined
with wood or iron not polished or lacqnered ; also, tubs of sheet-
brass and wire-cloth 100 kilos..
2. Others, provided thoy do not come under No. XIX, d 3, or, by rea-
son of their composition with other materials, under No. XX,
100 kilos
&. Of aluminum, nickel; fancy articles of alfenide, Britannia metal,
bronze. German silver, tumbac, and like alloys; fancy vordijiTised
brass articles ; also, combiued with oi her materials, nuless other-
wise provided under No. XX . -. 100 kilos.
XX..— Fancy goode, hardware, ornaments, dte.
a. Articles wholly or partly compo8e<l of precious metals, genuine pearls,
corals, or precions stones, wat<'hes, gold and silver leaf 100 kilos..
b 1. Articles wholly or parllv of amber, celluloid, ivt»ry, agate, jet, lava,
meerschaum, motherof pearl, ami t»^rtoiso-sbell, of not prerious metals
?;ilded or silvered or covered with gold or silver, teeth with roots or
nbesof platina or other preciotiH metals ,..
2. Fancy articles (cents' and Indies' ornaments, articles of toilet. Slc.)
wholly or partly of aluminum, like goods of other base metals, but
of fine worknian»hip and either more or less niekeled. gilded or sil-
vered or verdigriaed, or in connection with semi-precious stones or
artificial stones, alabaster, or enamel, or with carved work, paste,
cameo, omamenta in cast metal, dec
3. Mantel and wall clocks, fans of all kinds, fancy arHcles of was. 100
kilos '
KOTK TO b 1. — Ivory pieces pieparrd for conversion into articles named
QnderNo.XX,M lOOkilos..
e 1. Not genuine gold leaf and silver leaf
2. Eye-glasses, opera-glasses, wax. beads, umbrellas, and parasols
8. Articles of coiton, linen, silk, wool, and other animal hair, iu connec-
tion with animal or vegetable cai-ved work, base^metals, glass, gutta-
percha, caoutchouc, leather, Icathir cloth, paper, pasteboard, stone,
straw, or clay ware, and not otherwise provideu for 100 kilos. .
XXl.— Leather and leather goodt.
a. Leather of all kinds (excepting next item), not colored; colored Russian
leather; parchment boot-tops . . . 100 kilos . .
b. Sole-lealher and Brussels and Danish glove-leather; cordovan; moKH'co,
saffian; colored leather (excepting that named under a); lacquei-ed
leather 100 kilos. .
Note to b. — Half tanned, tanned, not yet colored or otherwise finished,
sheep or goat skins 100 kilos . .
2. Coarse saddlers', shoemakers', strap-makers', and other coarse leather
wares, also otherarticlesof nncolored or merely blacked tanned leather,
or of raw hides; all these articles also in eonnectiun with other iuat<<- i
rials provided they do not come under No. XX . 100 kilos. ,
d. Fancy leather articles of cordovan, saflinn, tnorocco, Brussels or Danish
leather, of chamois and tawed leather, of colored le^ithor: lacquered
leatheramlparchment, also combined with other materials not included
under No. XX; fine shoes of all kinds 100 kilos. .
NOTK TO c AXD d.— -Coarse shoemakers' and trunk-makers' articles of gray
packing linen, sail cloth, raw linen, raw ticking or drilling, or coarse not
printed wax- cloth, pay the same duty as coarse leather goods; articles
of fine wax -cloth, wax-muslin, wax-taft, &.C., the same as fancy leather
goods ; e, leather gloves 100 kilos. .
XXn. — Linen yam, linen, and other linen goods, namely: yam and tooven or
vwrked goodt qfjlax or other vegetable spinnirtg material, except cotton.
a. Yarn, excepting that mentioned hereafter under b :
1. Up to No. 5, English lOOkilos..
2. Above No. 5 to No. 8, English do
3. Above No. 8 to No. 20, Engl i.sh ... do
4. Above No. 20 to No. 35, English do ...
5. Above No. 35, English do
Note to a. — Jute, manila, hemp, and cocoa-nut fiber, raw, drie<l, broken,
or hackled
$2 85
6 66
428
7 14
14 28
142 80
47 00
7 14
28 66
4 28
8 66
71
11 90
16 61
28 80
Free
12.00
2&00
laoo
30.00
60.00
6oaoo
200.00
3000
120.00
laoo
36.00
3.00
50.00
70.00
100.00
71
3.00
1 19
5.00
1 42
6.00 .
2 14
9.00
2 85
12.00
TABIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL C0UNTBIE8.
61
German <msiam$ tort^-->Continaed.
Commoditiee.
'XXll.—Linen yam, ^.— Contiiined.
k. Dyed, printed, bleached yam :
1. Up to No. 20. English lOOkiloe..
2. AboveNo. 20 to No. 35,Engli8h do...
3. Above No. 35, Kns^lish do
e. Threads of all kinds do....
d. Kope-makers' work, nnbleached ; bleached ropes, cables, cords, strings,
Kirts, braces, and hoso ; coarse and dyed foot-rugs of manila hemp,
cocoa, jnte, and like fiber lOOkiloe..
«. Linen, tickinf^. drilline, not dyed, not printed, not bleached :
1. Up to 16 threads, in the 'warp nnd woof together on a surface of
lour square centimeters 100 kilos..
2. With 17 to 40 threads, as above; fancy, and all dyed foot ru^s of
manila, hemp, coooanut. Jute, and like fibers 100 kilos . .
3. With 41 to 80 threads, as above; rope-makers' work, dyed and
bleached, excepting that named under d 100 kilos . .
4. With 81 to 120 threads, as above do...
5k With more tiian 120 threads, as above do
/. linen, ticking, drilling, dyed, printed, bleached ; also woven of dyed,
printed, bleached yam :
L Up to 120 Uireads in warp and woof together on a surface of four
square centimeters .100 kilos..
X With more than 120 threads, as above do . .
a. Damask of aU kinds ; made up table, bed, and towel linen ; linen blouses
ofailkinds lOOkilod..
k. Bibbona, braids, fringee, gauxe, woven borders, loops, embroideiiee,
bosierT ; tissoes and other goods mixed with metallic threads . . 100 kilos . .
TXin. Thread-lace ^ do —
XXIV. Candles do....
XXIY bi».^LiUrttry workt and wurkt qfarL Statuary,
a. Paper written upon (documents and manuscripts), books in all Ian-
nages, copper engravings, other engravings, also wood engravings ;
utbographa and photographs; geogniphiool maps and sea-charts;
printed music
b. ^graved metal plates, engraved wood blocks, also lithographic stones
with drawings, cuta, or letters, all used for printing
c Paintings ana drawings ; statnes of marble and other kinds of stone ;
statues of metal, not under life-sixe ; medals
Ooiamial ffood$, groeeriet, Apeet, eon^eeUonery, and other artieUt /or
food and drink; aUo tohaeco and mani^facturM thereqf.
a. Beer of all kinds, also mead lOOkilos..
b. Spiritnons liquors of all kind, ssuoh as arrack, mm, French brandy, and
spioed brandies, in casks and bottles ..lOOkilos..
c. Yeast of all kinds, exclusive of wine-lees
Note. — Liquid yeast, on the Bavarian-Austrian border, from Obernenhaus,
up to and inclusive of Melleck ; on the Saxon-Bohemian border left of the
£lbe ; on the Baden-Swiss border, at Oelmingen and the so-called Hovi,
for the private use of the inhabitants there, m small quantities, up to 13
kflogrsms, inclusive, carried on a single trip 100 kilos. .
4 1. Vin^car of all kinds, in casks do
2. In botties and Jogs do
4. ^Ine and most, cider, and artificial drinks, not si>ecified under other
numbers of tiie tariff:
1. Importefl in casks lOOkiloe..
2. Imported in botties .do....
/. Butter and artificial butter.
yorm to /.—Butter in single piec«>s of not more than 2 kilograms, not
sent by poat, for the inhabitants on the border, with the provision that
sach license shall be discontinued or limited in localities where same is
Bate of diitj.
In United
States money.
In marks.
$2 85
8 57
4 70
8 50
1 42
142
0.00
2 85
12.00
5 71
850
14 28
24.00
80.00
00.00
14 28
28 50
00.00
120.00
14 28
00.00
23 80
142 80
8 67
100.00
000.00
15. 00
Free.
Free>
Free.
abased
g 1 . Meat, fkeah and prepared ; poultry and game of all kinds, not live ; meat
extract ; concentrated bouillon 100 kilos. .
2. Fish, not otherwise provided for . do —
'Son TO g 1. — Single pieces of fresh and preimrcd butchered meat, in
qoantities not exceeding 2 kilograms, not sent by post, for inhabitants of
IDS border, witii the provision that such license shall be discontinued or
limited in localities where same is abused ■
k. Fruits (tropical fhiits) :
1 . Fresh oranges, lemons, limes, pomegranates. Sto 100 kilos . .
NOTK.— If. at the request of the party paying the dutv, the same shall be
levied per piece in this case, 48 cents shall Be collected for every 100 pieces,
ao doty being paid on any decayed fruit when the latter is thrown away in
ths presence of the officials.
2. Figs, dried currants, raisinn lOOkilos..
3. Dried datea, almonds, oranges, dus do —
95
1142
999
71
6 71
4 70
671
1142
Free.
286
71
Free.
285
671
7 14
12.00
l&OO
20.00
30.00
0.00
400
48.00
42.00
3.00
24.00
20.00
24.00
48.00
12.00
8.00
12.00
24.00
30.00
62
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
German cusUmu tariff— Continued,
Commodities.
XXV. — Colonial goods, cfic. — Continued.
i. Spices of all kinds, not otherwise provided for 100 kilos . .
KOTE TO {. — Spices for manofaclare of essential oils by special permit,
under control
k. Herring, salted per barrel (ton) . .
Note. — On salted herrings, not packed in the manner customary in trade,
2 marks (46 cents) per 100 kilos shall be paid.
1. Salted beirings for manuring purposes
I. Honey ^ lOOkilos..
m. Coffee, raw, and coffee substitutes (excepting chicory) do —
2. Burnt coffee do
3. Cocoa in beans do —
4. Cocoa in shells do —
n. Caviar and substitutes lor caviar .do —
0.
P
Cheese of nil kinds do.^..
1. Confectionery, candies, and cakes, of every description, cocoa powder,
chocolate and substitut^^ for chocolate ; fruits preserved in sugar, vine-
gar, oil, or otherwise, iu jars, cans, &c., also preserved spices, vegeta-
les, and other articles of food (mushrooms, truffles, fowls, crabs, &c.):
prepared flnh, prepared mustard ; olives, capers, meat pies, sauces, and
similar table delicacies 100 kilos . .
2. Fresh fruit, seeds, berries, leaves, blossoms, mushrooms, vegetables,
dried, baked, powdered, steamed, or salted, all these articles not other-
wise provided for ; Juices of fruit, berries and turnips, not preserved in
sugar; fresh and dried peelings of tropical fruit; green oranges and
oranges preserved in salt water ; dried nuts, chestnuts, St John 's bread,
pine cones, burnt or ground chicory 100 kilos. .
q 1. Farina powders, starch, starch-gum, arrowroot, vermicelli, sago and
substitutes for sago, tapioca 100 kilos . .
2. Mill products of grain and pulse, viz: crushed or shelled grain, peeled
pearl barley, groats, &c., meal, flour, ordinary bakers' wares ... 100 kilos . .
Note to q 2.— (Quantities of not more than 3 kilograms, for inhabitants of
the border (with the provision that such license may be discontinued or
limited in localities where same is abused)
r. Muscle sea-shell animals, such as oysters, lobsters, shells, muscles, tor-
toises, turtles, Sco 100 kilos..
». Rice in and out of the pod do
Note. — Kice for manufacture of starch, under control do
t Salt (kitchen, table, rock, and sea salt), also all materials from which salt
is extracted 100 kiloe. .
Note. — Salt imported from the seaboard do
u. Simp. (See note to sugar, below.)
V. Tobacco:
1. In leaf, unmanufactured, also stems and tobacco-Juice 100 kiloe. .
2. Manufactured:
A. Cigars and cigarettes do —
B. Ot her manufactures of tobacco do —
V). Tea do —
X. Sugar:
Note —The rates of duty for sugar and sirup are those fixed by the act of
June 26, 1869, relative to tlie duty on sugar, and are as follows, viz:
1. On reflnc-d sugar of all kinds and on raw sugar where the latter cor-
responds to the samples prepared in accordance with the Dutch
standard No. 19 and nuove, which samples are to be deposited in the
custom-houses, as prescribe<l and published by order of the Federal
Council..., lOOkiloB..
Raw sugar, not provided for under 1 do....
Sirup do —
Note.— Solutions of sugar, positively distinguishable as such, are subject
to the same duties as arc named under 2.
4. Molasses, entered for manufacture of spirituous liquors, under con-
trol
2.
3.
XXYI.— Oil not otherwise provided for, lard, grease,
a. Oil:
1. Oil of all kinds In bottles or Jars 100 kilos . .
2. Table oils, such as olive, poppy, sesame; ground-nut, beech-nut,
sunflower oil in casks .". - . . 100 kilos . .
3. Olive oil in casks when reduced to a state of adulteration on the
part of the customs authorities
4. Other oil in casks 100 kilos..
6. Ptdni and c^coa-nut oil in dry state do. . .
h. Residuunis, dry, from manufacture of fatty oils ; also ground
e. Lard, &c. :
1. Lard of hogs and goose-grease lOOkilos..
2. Stearine, palmitin, para£mie, speimaceti, wax do —
3. Fish fat and train oil do —
4. Other animal fat do —
Bote of doty.
In United
States money.
$11 00
Free.
Free.
71
71
aoo
9 52
40.00
11 90
50.00
8 33
35.00
2 85
12.00
S3 80
100.00
4 70
20.00
14 28
Free.
62
1 42
47
6 71
95
28
8 04
2 85
20 23
84 26
42 84
23 80
7 14
71
Free.
Free.
Free.
4 76
1 90
95
47
2 88
1 20
71
47
Id marks.
50.00
8.00
60.00
4.00
6.00
2.00
24.00
4.00
1.20
12.80
12.00
85.00
270.00
180.00
100.00
80.00
24 00
15.00-
20.00
&00
4.00
2.00
10.00
ft. 00
3.0O
2.00>
TABIFFS OP THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES,
65
German custatM tort^-— Continaed.
Commodities.
XXYH. — Paper and man%nfaeturet qf paper.
TTnbleached or bleached balf-maDufactared goods from rags
Unbleached or bleached half-man nfaictured materials for paper making of
-wood, straw, esparto or other fibers : gray, blottinj^, and j^eUow coarse
straw paper, pasteboard, exoIosiTe of poUahed and leather cardboard;
slato-paper and tablets of same withont admixtare of other material;
sbarpenmg and polishing paper, fly-nape r, 6co 100 kilos. .
Packing-paper, not mentioned under o or d. unpo1i8hed do
Packing-paper, polished ; glance and leather cardboard, pressing-board,
lOOkiUM ,
s. Printinrr. writing, blotting, and tissaopaper of all kinds; also lithographed,
printed lined paper prepared for bills, labels, hills of lading, &c., gilt
and silvered paper, perforated paper ; also strips of such paper ; printer's
cardboard lOOkilos..
/. 1. Molded work of statnary pasteboard, asphalte, or similar material;
also in connection with wood or iron, but neither painted nor var-
nished 100 kilos. .
2. Manafactares of paper, pasteboard, or papier-mach6 ; molded work of
statuary pasteboard, d&c., asphalte, or like materials not included
under / 1 or / 3 100 kilos . .
t. Manafactares of the materials aforesaid combined with other ma-
terials not provided for under No. XX, paper-hangings ... 100 kilos. .
XX Vni.— fYir« (furrier' t goods.)
m. For ooats,cap». gloves, lined fnrcovers, lined furs fortrimmincrs lOOkilos. .
t. Beadj-i6ade sheep-skin coata, not covered with other materials, washed
and dyed, not lined angora or sheep skins, aniined covers and furs
for trimming 100 kilos. .
XXIX.—Petroleum.
Petroleum and other mineral oils not otherwise provided for, crude and re-
fined lOOkilos..
Kons. — 1. The federal council is authorized to p<>rm it the importation of
mineral oil to be used for industrial purposes other than the manufacture of
illaminating oil free of doty, subject, however, to a control of the use of the
Rate of duty.
S. The federal council is authorized to permit the duty on petroleum to
be levied according to the number of barrels, the rate oi' dutj' being fixed
in accordance with the maximum (veight of the barrels ordinarily used in
tbe trade. •
, X^X.—Silk and manu/aeturet of nlk.
a. Silk cocoons : f.ilk,. reeled or spun ; floss silk, combed, spun, or in thread ;
all these not dyed ; also dyed silk waste. . . .
h. Silk-wwlding lOOkilos..
e. Floss silk, dyed, loops do..
d. Tlii>ead of raw silk, sewing-silk, button-hole silk, &.C., dyed and undyed,
lOOkilos
«. Manufactures of silk or fioss silk, also it. containing metallic thread;
manufactures of silk mixetl with other spinning materials and nt the
rame time with metallic thread, lace blonde and embroidery wholly or
partly of silk .100 kilos. .
Note to e. — Tulle, raw or dyed, not patterned.
/. All articles of silk or floss silk mixed with cotton, linen, woolen, or other
animal or vegetable spinning matoriuli 100 kilos. .
1. Very coars**, com|»ope<lofraw tissues made fi*om silk waste, having
the appearance of gray packing linen, and used for press-cloths,
wiping cloths, when combined with other spinning materials or
single coloreil threads lOOkilos
, 2. Silk spun together with yarn of other material but not forming the
covering of the threads, nor running continuously throughout
the whole length of the panie, not to be considered in the liqui-
dation of duties on said yams.
XXX r. — Soap and perfumeries.
s. Green, black, and other barrel soap 100 kilos.
h. Bard soap not mentioned under c do...
c Soap in cakes, balls, in boxes, jars, &c. ; perfumed soaps of all kinds,
100kilo.H
i. Scented fat scented and fatty oils, scented (not alcoholic) water im-
poited in direct receptacles and of a weight of at least 10 kilograms,
loOkUoe
«. All other perfumeries
XXXU.—Playingeards.
Is addition to iotemal stamp tax lOOkilos..
In United
States money.
Free.
$0 28
05
142
In marks.
288
10. oa
95
4. GO
285
12.00
671
24.00
85 70
150.00
142
0.0O
142
Free.
671
856
28 80
142 80
71 40
288
1 19
2 88
7 14
4 76
28 80
14 28
LOO
4.0O
6.00
6.0O
24.00
86.00
100.00
600.00
300.00
10.00
6.00
10.00
30.00
20.00
100.00
60.00
i
€4
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Oerman customs tor(^— Continued.
Commodities.
X X X III.— Stone, Honeware^ preeiout stones.
a. Stones, rongh and hewn, flint stonen, mill-stonee, also with iron hoops ;
grinaing and whetstones of all kinds, rough stone masonry. 0. g., door-
posts and window-lodges, pillars and parts of pillars, cnitters, pipes,
&x;., unpolished, exclusive of marhle and alahaster work, taws, (play-
ing-marules)
h. Koonng slate, rongh slate nlabn and rough table slate 100 kilos .
0. Precious stones, also imitations, and corals, cut, i>earls, nil not set ; cut
semi-precious stones, and manufactures thereof not provided for under
No.:^ .•
<L Other articles of stone excepting statuary :
1. Kot in connection witii other materials, or only with wood or iron,
not polished or lacquered, split, sawed, or otherwise cut, slate
plates, slates in wooden frames, ^so lacquered or polished, 100
kilos
2. In connection with other materials, provided same are not articles
coming under No. XX 100 kilos..
XXXIV.— Ooofa, rfc.
Coal, brown coal, cokes, peat-turf charcoal
XXXY.— iStraw and hast goods.
«. Hatting and foot-mgs of bast straw, reeds, grass, roots, rushes. &c. ;
also, other kinds of reed-ware, coarse, colorea and uncolored . 100 kilos. .
h. Straw plaitings do
«. A.n straw and hast goods not included under a and 6, especially straw
and bast plaitings, covers, curtains, and like goods of unsplit straw, the
straw and bast goods when combined with other materials, provided
same so combined do not come under No. XX 100 kilos..
d. Hats of straw, cane, bast, brushes, fish-bone, palm-leaves and chip :
1. Untrimmed per piece..
2. Trimmed do
Note to d. — Hats of hair or hemp-braid of sparterre or braids of so-called
cotton sparterre and straw are treated as straw hats.
s. Sparterre goods of all kinds 100 kilos..
XXXYI. — Tar, pitch, resine of aU kinds, cuphaUe mineral tar.
XXXYTL — Animals and animal products not otherwise enumerated.
a. Live animals and animal products, not elsewhere enumerated ; fresh fish ;
also, bee-hives with live bees
b. Eggs of fowls 100 kilos..
XXXVin.—EarthemDare.
a. Common bricks, fire-bricks, tiles, tuhes, and pottery, not glased
b. Glazed tiles and bricks, flat tiles, architectural ornaments, also of terra
cotta. smelting-potH, glared tuhes, mufiies, capsules and retorts, plates,
jars, and other articles of coarse earthenware, coarse stove-tile, clay
pipes, glazed pottery .. 100 kilos..
c. Other earthenware, exclusive of porcelain and wares of like character as
porcelain :
1. Plain-colored or white : fancy terra-ootta ware 100 kilos..
S. Two and more colored, bordered, printrd, painted, gilded, silvered :
also earthenware in connection with other materials, providea
the same do not come under No. XX 100 kilos..
d. Porcelain and wares of like character, as porcelain (Parian Jasper, See):
1. White 100 kilos..
2. Colored, bordered, painted, gilded, silvered, also in connection with
other materials, provided the same do not thereby come under No.
XX 100 kilos..
'XXXlX.—Horeee, cattle, tie.
«. Horses, asses, mules, donkeys per head..
Note TO a. — Foals following the dam
b. Steers and cows.. .per head..
«. Oxen do
d. Young cattle up to 24 years old do
e. Calves under 6 weeks old do
/. Hogs do
o. Slicking pigs under 10 kilos do
h. Sheep do —
i. Lambs do....
X*' Goats do —
Bate of duty.
In United
States money.
Free.
$0 11
am
14 28
60.00
71
•
8.00
671
24.00
Freo.
71
4 28
671
04
00
21 40
Free.
Free.
71
Free.
28
288
8 80
888
7 14
288
Free.
JummtkB.
8.00
l&OO
24.00
a20
0.40
00.00
8L00
LOO
10.00
16.00
14.00
80.00
10.00
1 42
6.00
4 76
2a 00
05
4.00
47
2.00
69
2L60
07
.80
23
hOO
11
.50.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
65
Ofrman customs fartjf— Continued.
CommoditlM.
«. Cotfsei,Bot printed, ofl-cloth (packing cloth) 100 kilos..
h. OtlMroU-dotli; ftiM leather cloth, bookbinden' cloth do...
«. Waxied mnallii, waxed taffet* do...,
XU.— Wool, indu§iv€ ^ aivimta*^ hair, not othsrwif provided for, and
mant^faeturea thereof.
«. WooL raw, dyed, painted; alao hair, raw, hackled, boiled, dyed, and
coned
h. Combed wool 100 kilos..
«. Yam (pure wool or mixed, not with cotton) :
1. Qf cattle hair, sinjrle or doable, of all kinds; wadding 100 kilos..
2. Kap. mohair alpaca yam single, dyed or not, doable undyed . . do
S. Doable dyed, triple or more twist» dyed or not do
i. Other yam:
Baw,sin(de lOOkflos..
Baw. doable do
Bleached or dyed, single -.! do
Bleached or dyed, doable, triple, or more twist> raw, bleached, or
dyed 100 kilos....
■aniifactares, also mixed with cotton, linen, or metallio thread :
1. ClothselTage
2. Coarse^ not printed, not dyed felts 100 kilos .
S. Bugs, blankets, containing dyed or not dyed yam of cattle hair . do . .
4. Hot printed felts, not belonging ander jSo.jKXi not printed felt
goods and hosiery, and carpets, rags, also printed ; of wood or other
animal hair, exdosive of cattle and horse hair ; also mixed with
TegetAble fibers and other spinning materials ._.... 100 kilos. .
5. TJnprinted cloths and staffs not inoloded ander No. VII do
6. Printed goods, not carpets or rags, ribbon and button-makers*
goods, plushes, tissaes. mixed with metallio threads 100 kilos. .
7. Laces, talle,ana embroideries; also woven shawls ot three or more
colors 100 kilos..
8. Woven shawls of flye or more colors do
XLIL — Zine^ aUo aUoyed with lead or tin^ and man%facturet tKereqf.
a, Snetn pigs or blocks, old sine
b. InsheeU 100 kilos..
c Coarse articles of zinc; also in connection with wood, iron, lead, or tin,
not polished or Uoqaered ; zinc wire 100 kilos. .
d. Fancy articles of sine, also lacqaered ; likewise zinc wares combined
'^ancT articles ox sine, aiso lacqt
wite other materials, provided toey do not come ander No. XX . 100 kilos
XLHL — Tin, oifo aUoyed %rith lead, antimony, or rine, andr mannfaeturee
thereof.
a. Tin in pigs or blocks
b. InabeeU 100 kilos..
«. Coarse tinwaree, also in connection with wood, iron, lead, or sine, not
polished or laooaered ; tinware 100 kilos..
d. Faaey articles of tin, also lacqaered; likewise tin wares combined with
other materials, provided they do not thereby come ander No. XX 100
kilos
Bates of daty.
In United
States money.
$2 85
7 14
11 90
In marks.
Free.
Free.
47
71
71
6 71
1 90
288
285
5 71
71
571
23 80
82 18
85 70
7140
107 10
Free.
71
142
5 71
Free.
71
142
671
12.00
80.00
6a 00
2.00
8.00
8.00
24.00
&00
10.00
12L00
24.00
8.00
24.00
100.00
185.00
150.00
800.00
450.00
8.00
&00
24.00
8.00
&00
24.00
EFFECTS OF THE OEBMAV TAEIFF.
SEPOST BY CONSUL WIN8EE, OF 80NNEBBRQ.
The qnestion as to how far the new German tariff has contributed to
the more satisfactory state of trade is generally discussed; but it is
altogether too early to give an exact opinion upon so weighty a matter.
Indeed, both the advocates and the opponents of the new tariff, in the
Imperial Parliament and outside of it, concur in the belief that, after so
brief an interval since the tariff was put in force, it is impossible to
JQdge at present whether it will work favorably or the reverse upon the
1784 CONG — II p 6
66 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
business interests of the nation. The necessary experience mast first be
obtained. It will be remembered that the new tariff went into operation
on the 31st of May, 1879, with regard to raw iron of every sort ; on the
5th of July, 1879, for groceries and other articles of consumption, as
well as for petroleum ; and on the 17th of July for tobacco and the man-
ufactures thereof. Before the introduction of the new duties specula-
tion in each of these commodities was quite rife, as the customs statis-
tics show, and large quantities of the merchandise so soon to be afiected
were brought into Germany before the closing of the door. There were
immense stocks of dutiable foreign goods on hand, therefore, when the
tariff came into operation, and the speculation was principally^ carried
on in raw, scrap, and bar iron and the manufactures thereof; in tin-
ware, wine, tobacco, lard, tallow, petroleum, cotton, wool, leather, palm
oil, and other raw materials. This speculation was continued in those
articles upon which the increase of duty was fixed for the first of Jan-
uary, 1880. The inevitable result of the excessive imports of dutiable
merchandise during several months was to reduce these imports below the
normal quantities subsequently. Theresultof the speculation of last year,
therefore, has been to frustrate the expectations of the protectionists,
who counted securely upon an immediate improvement in the condition
of home industries, while the anticipated advantage to the exchequer
of the empire, for the same reason, has not been secured. likely
enough the expected favorable results, as well as the feared unfavorable
consequences, of the tariff have been overrated. The protection of
German industries is only one of the factors which enters into the many-
sided question of fostering the prosperity of the manufacturing classes,
the hoped-for benefits of which policy may be paralyzed if not de-
stroyed by factitious influences that are constantly arising. But par-
ticular value is laid upon the tariff' as a well-adapted basis upon which
to enter upon future commercial conventions, bringing Germany into a
more favorable condition in juxtaposition with foreign countries, and
enabling her to seek a quid pro quo where she makes concessions to her
neighbors. The existing commercial conventions between Germany and
Austria, France, Belgium, Italy, and Switzerland, are only provisional^
and the uncertainty respecting their prolongation and ultimate renewal,
with modifications^ works harmfully upon the German export trade^
exerting a more crippling influence the longer it continues.
PROPOSED IVCBEASE OF DUTT OH FLOUB IV OERKAHT.
SBPOBT BY OONSUL-QENERAL KREISMANK, OF BERLIN.
I have the honor to report that a bill has just been submitted to the
Beichstag by the Imperial Government for so amending the present
German tariff act as to impose a duty of 15 marks ($3.57) per 100 kilos
(220 pounds avoirdupois) on fresh grapes, and increase the duty on flour^
&c., from 2 marks (47.6 cents) to 3 marks (71.4 cents) per 100 kilos from
and after the 1st of July next. This latter provision, it is understood^
is largely aimed, among other purposes, against the importation of wheat
flour from the United States.
In support of the proposed measures the Government submite the
following considerations:
In No. 25, Q. 2, of the customs-tariff a duty of 2 marks (47.6 cento) is
imposed on mill products of grain and pulse, and especially also on
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 67
floor. This duty corresponds to the rate originally proposed by the
allied govemraents in the bill of April 4, 1879. But inasmuch as the
Reichstag raised the duty intended for rye from 0.50 marks (11.9 cents)
per 100 kilos (220 pounds avoirdupois) to 1.00 marks (23.8 cents), making
it equal to the duty levied on wheat, complaints are now made by the
parties engaged in the flour-mill industry that the duty on flour is too
low as compared with that of grain, and that no sufficient protection is
afforded thereby to the German flour-mill industry. To justify this
complaint it is claimed that since those rates of duty have taken eflect
5 January 1, 1880) the importation of rye flour from France and of wheat
lour firom the United States has been constantly increasing. And it is
indeed a fact that in 1880 there has been a considerab!e importation,
steadily increasing from quarter to quarter, of flour chiefly from Austria-
Hungry, France, and Belgium, and also from the United States of
America. The increased importations as regards the neigh horing coun-
tries mentioned are all the more significant in view of the circumstance
that a simultaneous decrease has ensued in the exporting capacity of
the mills in the southern and western parts of Germany, the very
regions having the closest connections with said countries. Under these
circnmstanoes the flour-mill industry naturally had in a greater degree
to rely on the home market for the sale of its products. That the foreign
floar-mill industry is able nevertheless to participate to a very large
extent in the supply of the home market goes to establish the fact that
the duly on flour in proportion to that on grain is insufficient for the
interests of the home industry, a state of things the more strongly
affording cause for apprehensions as, according to consular reports re-
ceived, an enormous production of flour is going on in the United
States for the sale of which in the German market all means are to be
resorted to.
No doubt can well be entertained, therefore, that an increase of the
duty of flour is required. Fixing it at 3 marks (71.4 cents) per 100 kilos
(220 pounds avoirdupois) the protection afforded to the flour-mill indus-
try under the tariffs in force iix)m the year 1857 to the first of July, 1865,
when all duties on flour and grain were repealed, will not be attained ;
bat, in view of the high state of perfection the German flour- mill indus-
try has reached, it is to be hoped that said rate of duty of 3 marks
(71.4 cents) per 100 kilos f220 pounds avoirdupois) would suffice to se-
cure for this industry the nome market to the required extent.
In addition to flour, such other mill products of grain and pulse as
crushed or shelled grain, peeled pearl barley, groats, &c., as well as
ordinary bakers' wares, are subject also to the rate of duty fixed in No.
25, Q. 2, of the tariff*; any increase of duty on flour, therefore, would
extend in like measure to those articles also. No doubt seems to be
entertained of the passage of the bill.
H. KEBISMANN,
ConsuUOeneraL
CtoNSULATB-GSNBBAL OF THB UNITBD STATES,
Berlin^ May 7, 1881.
68
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEEtAL COUNTRIES.
EPEECT OF TABIFF OH FOOD PRICES.
REPORT ET OONSVL 80H0ENLE, OF GIESTEMUNDE-BREMERHAYEN.
The fact that the cost of the necessaries of life has almost invariably
increased in ratio with the increase of import duties on household arti-
cles cannot be argaed away by German economists, and this fact remains
suspended, like the sword of Damocles, over all economical and social
relations in the German Empire. These high prices, put in juxtaposi-
tion with the low rates of wages, are very acutely felt by the laboring
classes, and to pull through these hard times is a very difficult task
for them.
The following comparative statement of the prices of the necessaries
of life, compiled by the chamber of commerce at Bothum, Westphalia,
shows that the prices of almost every article for family use have in-
creased since the adoption of the German tariff laws. The prices are
give^ in marks and pfennigs per kilogram :
^
May 1,1879.
May 1,1881.
1881.
Increase.
Decrease.
Batter
220
29
29
220
82
67
19
86
130
100
170
90
44
66
96
8
14
20
240
34
34
220
36
65
24
36
160
120
176
130
40
56
92
6
20
27
20
5
5
Beana..
Peaa
Coffee, raw. medium JaTa
Wheat flour
4
Rape oil
s
Petroleum
6
Kice
Bacon:
Wentphallan
80
20
5
40
1
Amencan
Ham. raw
Lard
Soap:
Soft
4
Hard
Sacrar, refined
• ••
4
Potatoes
2
Rye bread
6
7
Affixed bread rhalf rre and half wheat) .^.^r..,-,..^^
It will be seen by the foregoing table that the increase of the price in
petroleum, lard, and bacon is very considerable, just in those articles
upon which high import duties have been laid, and also in bread, owing
to the import duty on flour. Sugar and potatoes have not been affected
by the new tariff law, as the duties on sugar remain unchanged, and
potatoes enter firee of duty. Most of the bacon, and especially lard,
was imported from the United States.
When we regard the fact that the laboring classes of Germany have
to work hard from one year to another to procure for themselves and
their families the necessaries of life, the accumulation of small savings
for <'a rainy day" is of rare occun^nce. Thus, it is not to be wonder^
at that every vear hundreds of thousands turn their back on their
native land and seek better earnings and cheaper as well as substantial
liviug in the United States, and that the socialistic agitation will, in
spite of all restrictive and prohibitory laws, not come to a halt and rest.
WOLFGANG SCHOENLB,
CotisuL
United States Consulate,
Barmen^ October 28, 1881.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 69
CU8T01C8 BUUHOS AOADTST AMERICAV CANNED MEATS.
REPOBT BT CONSUL BOHOENLB, OF BARMEK.
There is much ingenuity in the persistent warfare waged in most of
the European countries against American provisions, especially salted
pork| lard, and canned meats, and these attacks still continue as bitter
and persistent as ever. The contest is, at intervals, taken up and
fiercely carried on under the pretense of protecting the sanitary condi-
tion of the people, and while the masses have been systematically
frightened into the trichina scare another method has been resorted to
in German}^ for the purpose of hampering the importation of canned
meata, if not putting a regular embargo on them. The reckless reports
circulated lately in several German prints that the canned meats are
prepared in the United States from the flesh of diseased animals, to-
gether with other vindictive diatribes setting forth the danger of using
these preserved provisions, did not cause any great falling off in the
consumption of the same. Their superiority over other conserved
meats has been recognized and appreciated, and they have grown so
rapidly in popular favor that they are now sold in almost every retail
grocery in the principal German cities. In order, however, to drive
these articles of food out of market and render their importation im-
possible, recourse has been had in Germany to an extraordinary customs
contrivance, which has hardly a parallel in the history of tariff laws.
Since the adoption of the new German tariff, about two years ago,
canned beef, tongues, meats, soups,' and minced meats have been clas-
sifieil under the head of "slaughtered and prepared meats," and are sub-
ject to a duty of 12 marks ($2.86) per 100 kilos (220 pounds avoirdu-
pois), a duty which represents about 15 per cent, of the value of the
merchandise.
One day, however, a customhouse official in Flensburg made a start-
ling discovery. He found that labels were affixed to these tin boxes, and
consequently the cases are, technically, in connection and coherence
with another material. Inasmuch, according to instructions, as the pack-
ing thus classified is liable to the duties on the whole object, such goods,
according to the official register, came under another heading in the
tariff^ and we find corned b^f and similar articles classified by this cus-
tom-house wiseacre under the head of iron tcareSj such as knives, scis-
sors, hair-pins, &c., and subjected to a duty of 24 marks ($5.72) per loO
kilos, just doubling the amount to be paid. The custom-house director
for Schleswig-Holstein, to whom the interested party applied for redress,
confirmed the deeision of the subordinate officer, and the minister of
finance at Berlin sustained it, and issued instructions (June 30, 1881)
to all the head custom-houses to be guided by said decision, so that
henceforth duties on corned beef, &c., in labeled boxes are to be col-
lected *^ under the classification of knives, scissors, hair-pins," &c. Thus
the contents of the boxes are not treated as dutiable, but simply the
labeled boxes themselves. And some dealers in imported tneats at
Hamburg and Leipsic, who were not able to comprehend the profundity
of this ingenious interpretation of the tariff laws, submitted a memo-
randum in reference to the case to the Bundesrath, the last resort and
final arbiter in customs aff'airs. But this august body has not yet ren-
dered decision on the subject, and the Imperial chief custom-house, with-
70 TAEIPFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
out waiting for such decisioD, has made arrangements to proceed to the
collection of the after-payment of duties on the articles above referred to,
so that by this operation the retail dealers are simply the losers of this
additional duty of 15 per cent., as the contents of these boxes had been
eaten up long ago. It is obvious that this arbitrary and unjustifiable
increase of import duties on canned meats must work as a prohibitive
clause, and such an interpretation of the tariff laws is in direct violation
of international comity, and unjust in its application. As a result of
such proceedings, the question may probably arise for consideration and
legislation of the American Government, whether it be not time to devise
retaliatory measures against any oppressive and unfair ruling, prejudi-
cial to the interests of American commerce with Germany.
WOLFGANG SCHOBNLE,
OansuL
United States Consulate,
Barmenj November 24, 1881.
CUSTOMS BUinrOS BT which the COHTENTS are ASSESSED AC-
COBDIVO TO THE MATERIAL OF WHICH THE PACKAGES ARE
COMPOSED.
BEPORT BT OONSVL-QENBBAL VOGELBR, OF FBANKFOBTONTHEMAm.
Considerable interest has lately been excited by the action of the
German customs authorities with reference to the rate of import duty
levied upon certain articles of foreign production and manufacture.
Reports of changes in the assessment of import duties on American ar-
ticles have b^n made to the Department of State by consular officers
of the United States from different points of the German Empire, ac-
companied by such comments and criticisms as tbe nature of these
changes in each particular instance seemed to justify or require.
Without examining how far these comments or any of them were just,
and without desiring in the least to criticise the reports of these consu-
lar officers, who deserve the commendation of the Department for their
vigilance and zeal in the discharge of their official duties, I desire to
submit to the Department of State a general review of the whole ques-
tion, and of the action of the German authorities with reference thereto,
in order that the Department may be able to judge of these proceedings
wirh all the light which it is possible at the present time to throw upon
them.
Tbe aim of the founders of the North German Confederation — the pre-
cursor of the German Empire — was so to coalesce by uniformity of laws
and proceedings, of taxes and duties, of money, weights, and measures,
and of postal, telegraph, and railroad arrangements, the different states
and people composing the German nation, as that in case of an attack
by a hostile neighbor the feeling of unity engendered by these power-
ful material agencies should be so spontaneous and strong among the
people as to exclude the possibility of internal dissensions, or of a re-
fusal on the part of any of the German states to aid in the common de-
fense. How wisely the plan was conceived, how admirably carried out,
and how fully vindicated when the shock of 1870 came, is a matter of
history. It was a masterpiece of farseeing stati smanship.
But not only the political, but also the material, results, growing out
of tbis commercial and financial consolidation of Germany, have beeu^
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 71
on the whole, beneficial. Obsolete internal costoms regalations have
been annulled, the mnltifarioas weights, measures, and coins, of more
than 30 independent German principalities superseded by a uniform
system of weights, measures, and money ; in short, the thousand and
one vexatious regulations which impeded the free and wholesome com-
mercial intercourse between the people of the different Grerman states
have been abolished, and an era of greater commercial activity and en-
terprise inaugurated.
The German Customs Union — ^'Deutsche Zollverein^ — was one of the
agencies put into operation to foster and strengthen the feeling of Ger-
man unity. The agitation in favor of it antedates by many years the
formation of the North German Confederation. The idea originated
with Prussian statesmen, and was finally consummated through the in-
fluence of Prussian diplomacy on June 4, 1867. The first uniform tariff
law was passed October 1, 1870. It was amended by the law of July 7,
1873. Finally, both these laws were repealed and superseded by the
law of July 15, 1879. This is the tariff law now in force. It was pro-
mulgated by the Emperor of Germany in the name of the German Em-
pire, with the consent of the "Bundesrath'' and "Eeichstag." The
Empire (Beich), it should be stated, had succeeded to the rights and
duties of the ZoU Parliament The law of July 15, 1879, took effect on
January 1, 1880. It was the result of a radical change of policy on the
part of the German Government with reference to the method of raising
the revenues of the empire. The policy of the Government had been,
np to the year 1879, essentially a free-trade policy. The tariff of 1870,
as amended in 1873, had been very low. No protective power, or even
intent, was claimed for it. Until the year 1879 it had not been thought
expedient to raise any considerable portion of the revenues of the em-
pire by indirect methods of taxation. Direct taxes, enabling every citi-
zen to calculate precisely what the protection of the Government cost
him, had been the boast of the leading German statt^.
In 1879 all this was changed. By a skillful consolidation of different
parties in the German Reichstag, brought about by means of political
influences, a solid phalanx was formed in favor of a revision of the tariff.
To this phalanx were added many members of other parties, represent-
ing constituencies interested in a high protective tariff, and thus the
German chancellor succeeded in procuring the passage of a tariff law,
which, aB compared with that of 1870, is, in its intent and operation, a
protective tariff law. More than that, it is the declared purpose of the
Imperial Government, as announced in imperial messages and minis-
terial speeches, to raise all or nearly all its revenues by duties on im-
ports on the one hand and the proceeds resulting from the operation of
the post, the telegraph, the railroa<ls, the mines, and forests, and the
monopolized manufacture of tobacco and cigars on the other.
A characteristic feature of the German tariff* law, the one which dis-
tinguishes it most widely from that of the United States, is the almost
entire absence of all " ad valorem^ duties. It is essentially a " tariff of
weight.^ Only a few articles, such as horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, &c.,
and some minor articles of manufacture, are assessed by the piece, while
the only articles which pay an ad valorem duty are plain and uphol-
stered railway carriages, the latter paying 6 and 10 per cent, of their
value respectively. This fact should be borne in mind in order to appre-
hend the points hereinafter discussed.
The tariff is fixed in marks, the monetary unit of Germany (one mark
equal to 23.8 cents of the money of the United States). The unit of
M
72 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
weight, for purposes of the tariff, is 100 kilograms (one kilogram equal
to 2.2 pounds of the weight of the United States).
Many natural products are free of duty } among these I mention raw
metals (except iron); cord wood; raw skins and hides; horse hair, camel
hair; minerals; raw cotton, wool, and silk; coal, charcoal, and peat;
pitch, tar, animal oil, &c. Others pay a low rate of duty ; timber, for
example, pays 0.10 mark per 100 kilograms; barrel staves, 0.30 maik;
tan bark, 0.50 mark ; soda, 1.50 marks. Pig-iron pays 1 mark per 100
kilograms; petroleum, 6 marks; meat, raw or preserved is set down at
12 marks; preserved fruit at 60 marks. Cheese of all kinds pays 24
marks; fine zinc ware and fine iron ware, 24 marks per 100 kilograms.
My reason for setting down the amount of duty assessed on some of the
articles mentioned will presently appear. Wheat is 1 mark per 100
kilograms; rye, the same; barley, 0.50 mark; rape, 0.30 mark; flour, 2
marks; even such articles as cutlery, furniture, perfumeries, millinery
goods, umbrellas, embroideries, silk dresses, silk hats, &c., are assessed
by the 100 kilograms. As a matter of curiosity, I may mention that
the last-named article (silk hats) is set down at 600 marks per 100 kilo-
grams, and the last but one (silk dresses) at 900 marks.
The desire of the German Government, frequently expressed, to ob-
tain the highest possible amount of revenue, by indirect methods of tax-
ation, has already been referred to. There is no rotation in office in
Germany. The tenure is a life tenure. Appointments to the liigber
offices are made after the completion of a course ot study, prescribed by
law, closed by thorough examination at the end of distinct curricula.
Promotions are generally made very slowly and gntdually, from place
to place, as a reward for long and faithful service in the inferior posi-
tion ; in rare instances only, rapid promotion takes place, as a recogni-
tion of peculiar aptitude or superior qualification. The subordinate
offices are given to subaltern army officers, who have served uninter-
ruptedly for twelve years or more, and who desire to exchange the oc-
cupation of a drill-master with that of a uniformed customs or internal-
revenue officer or the like. As a matter of course, the members of tbis
entire organization are intensely loyal. They study and apprehend
quickly the general tendencies of the Imperial Government. They seek
in every way to respond, not only to the direct instructions, but also to
the general policy and desire of the Government, as revealed to them
by the utterances of the ministers and official press.
The custom-house regulations are prescribed by the ^^ Bundesrath,'^
that body which i*epresents the different German states, and therefore
somewhat resembles our Senate, while the Beichstag, the principal leg-
islative body, elected directly by the people by universal suffi*age, cor-
responds more nearly to our House of Representatives. Subsequently
to the law of 1870, and to carry out its provisions, viz, on the 19th day
of November, 1871, the Eeichstag passed a series of custom-house reg-
ulations with reference to inclosures (tare) of different articles of export.
Most of these regulations are still in force. The general rule as to in-
closure of goods (tare) is this : That on articles assessed at a rate not
exceeding 6 marks per 100 kilograms, the duty is charged on the gross
weight, while of those paying a higher rate than 6 marks, the net weight
is ascertained and no charge made for the tare.
There are, however, many exceptions to this rule. One of these ex-
ceptions was, and is (for the regulation is still in force), to this effect^
viz: That if the inclosure (tare) of an article of import belongs to a class
of articles on which a duty of 24 marks per 100 kilograms, or more, is
assessed, while the article it incloses pays a duty of 12 marks or less^
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 73
then the daty shall be assessed on the joint weight of the inclosure and
the article inclosed, at the rate of the duty on the inclosure (tare).
It is very evident that this regulation was directed against frauds on
the revenue ; that its aim was to prevent, for instance, the importation
of a material taxed at 24 marks or more, by makiug it serve as an in-
closure (tare) of an article, taxed at say 3 or 4 marks per 100 kilograms.
If this does not appear from the wording of the regulation itself, it does
appear from the reading of the law to which these regulations are sim-
ply executory.
But right here the desire of the customs officers to propitiate as much
as possible the aims of the Government made itself felt. The regulation
referred to was used to change the existing revenue law and materially
to raise the rates of duty on many articles. Up to the year 1879 it had
been entirely dormant ; now it became at once a living law. The spirit
was lost sight of— it was carried out according to the letter. Fo inten-
tion to discriminate against any particular country is apparent. Fothiug
but a desire to increase the revenues, and at the same time to protect
home production and industries, in defiance, it is true, of existing laws,
can fairly be charged. But in the latter direction findings of fact are
made, and decisions based thereon which stagger credulity. American-
preserved meat, instead of being assessed at 12 marks per 100 kilo-
grams, is admitted as ''fine iron ware," because contained in tin boxes,
and a duty of 24 marks i>er 100 kilograms; emery, which is free, if
X>acked in tin boxes is made to pay 24 marks, on the same ground :
cheese, instead of 20 marks, if wrapped in tinfoil pays 24 marks, and
there have been instances in which 200 marks were assessed, because,
in the opinion of the custom-house officers, there was in the encasing
an admixture of silver. Ink has been rated at 30 marks instead of 3
marks, because contained in what was declared to be '• fine glassware.''
Well might a member of the Eeichstag, commenting upon these absurd-
ities, ask : '' How else than in bottles was ink expected to be imported,
when it was set down in the law at 3 marks per kilogram f Perhaps
in sapks or blotting paper." A merchant imported a number of empty
champagne bottles, sealed and labeled, to make a display in his show-
window. The bottles were assessed at the custom-house at 30 marks
per 100 kilograms, as '^fine glassware," probably because they were
tastefully labeled. Knit jackets and coats have been charged 300
marks, instead of 100 marks, because they, seemed to the zealous cus-
tom-house officers to come under the head of "millinery goods." I
might continue the subject indefinitely. The German press is discuss-
ing these eccentricities with much interest. The comic papers have a
regular column for " custom-house curiosa" — travestying the decisions
of customhouse officials by the most grotesque inventions.
The absurdity of the proceeding has been brought to the attention of
the Government by numerous German importers. The director of cus-
toms. Dr. Burchardt, has been called upon by members of the Reichstag
to explain these anomalies. In answer to the questions addressed to
this highest executive officer of the customs department, he has simply
pointed to the regulation quoted.
It is clear that this cons^uction of the regulation in question is utterly
repugnant to the tarifif law itself. The tarM* law was enacted, as I have
stated, by the Reichstag, agreed to by the Bundesrath, and signed and
promulgated by the Emperor as the law of the land. The supplement-
ary regulations, necessary to carry out the provisions of the tariff law,
fall within the province of the Bundesrath. That these regulations must
conform to aiid be consonant with the law, which they are intended to
74 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
supplement and carry out, is an elementary principle of jurisprudence;
yet the director of customs claims to stand on legal ground, and refuses
to countermand bis orders or reverse his decisions, as long as the regu-
lation referred to remains unrepealed by the Buudesrath. In this posi-
tion be is enforced by the general tendency of the Government toward
high rates of duty and protection.
Whether this condition of things will continue for any length of time
or be changed by legal enactment or executive regulation, it is impos-
sible to pr^ict. There is no judicial tribunal in the country competent
to decide such questions. They must be disposed of either by the
Buudesrath itself changing or repealing the regulation or expounding
its intent and proper application, or by legislative enactment. It is but
fair, however, to state that the decisions of the custom authorities and
the proceedings of the officers in pursuance thereof, although they affect
very materially the trade in articles ot American production, are not
dir^ted against the interests of any country in particular, but must be
accounted for on the basis of the general policy of the Government
herein explained.
I have endeavored to assign for these strange and anomalous pro-
ceedings the real and controlling motives, and contend that they furnish
a complete and natural explanation thereof, and I respectfully submit
this report to the Department of State, hoping to be excused if, in my
desire to present a full view of the subject, I have touched upon mat-
ters of history with which the Department is more familiar than I am
myself.
FERDmAND VOGELER,
Consul- General.
United States Consulate-General,
Frankfort-on-the-Mainy January 26, 1882.
OERMAH DISCRIMIVATION AGAINST AMEBICAH ILOrUPACTUSES.
REPORT BY CONSUL 80H0ENLE, OF BARMEN.
The singular and vexatious classification of American corned beef
under the head of "fine iron wares'' in the official schedule of the rates
of duties by the Gennan Government, has been officially upheld and
defended as an old doctrine laid down in the instructions issued to the
custom-house officers about ten years ago. It is thus to be construed,
that in all cases where the inclosing cover is liable to higher duty than
the goods themselves, the incasing turns up as a dutiable object. Old
as the doctrine may be, the interpretation is certainly a new one, for
corned beef proper has been subjected in Germany to the import duties
for a number of years, and not the labeled tin boxes, as is now the prac-
tice. For ten years German customhouse officers appeared not to be
possessed of the slightest idea of this abstruse interpretation, but all at
once a new spirit came upon them, so to speak.
But upon which theory is the latest tariff discrimination based, and
to what extent will American exports be affected by it! It is a well
known fact that goods made of horn, and especially of buffalo horn, such
as fine combs, have been extensively imported from the United States
to Germany for a number of years. These goods by a process of rub-
bing and painting assume a speckled appearance resembling tortoise-
shell, and had been classified in the new German tariff under the head
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 75
of ^^ fine wood wares, aod also wares of vegetable and animal carved
materials with the exception of tortoise-shell," and accordingly sabjected
to a duty of 30marks ($7.14) per 100 kilograms. Likewise pocket knives,
whose handles are covered with Qnn bone or horn, which, through under-
laid gold spangle, takes almost the appearance of tortoise-shell, had to
pay np to this time the same rate of duty, namely, 30 marks per 100
kilogiums.
In order, however, to single out these goods, a new phraseology has
been added to a section of the official schedule of the rates of duties,
viz : ^^ Gkxxls made wholly or partially of artificial tortoise-shell, respect-
ively, imitations of tortoise-shell." In accordance with this the import
duty on these spot ted and checkered bone and horn wares has been raised
to 200 marks ($47.60) per 100 kilograms.
This sudden increase of duty on these goods to an almost sevenfold
amount appears to be the less warrantable as these roughly imitated
component parts of bone and horn wares are put on the same level with
the genuine polished tortoise-shell, and as by this exceedingly high rate
of duty their future importation will be barred to such an extent as to
render it almost impossible. There is evidently method in these tariff
sophistries, and this last one is apt to appear not only a fiscal eccen-
tricity, but an unfriendly act, and an interested and intentional unfair-
ness on the part of the German Government.
WOLPANG SOHOENLE,
CansuU
United States Consulate,
Barmenj January 18, 1882.
DIBCBIMnrATIVG AGAINST AMERICAH PRODUCTS AND MAHV-
FACTU&ES.
The Gebman Tariff and American Canned Meats.
SEPORT BT MB. BVEBETT, SECRETARY OF LEGATION AT BEBLIK.
In accordance with Department instruction of the 26th ultimo, re-
ceived yesterday, I have the honor to state that, on inquiry of leading
importers here, I find that the special customhouse regulation, or, rather,
the construction of it, therein mentioned, classifying American canned
beef as iron ware, has within the last ten days been suspended. There
IS always, however, the possibility of its being again applied, which
greatly interferes with making contracts, besides the additional griev-
ance, which is perhaps more objected to by importers than the duties
themselves, that all tariff laws are retrospective, and thus every new
regulation, especially it' it increases the existing duty, may be applied to
all goods of the same class imported during the previous twelve months,
whether sold or not. Nor are goods allowed to be exjwrted out of bond
before paying duties, as in England and America. Whether such retro-
spective application occurs when duties are diminished or taken off, I
have not yet succeeded in positively ascertaining. The withdrawal of
the special decision in question is probably mainly due to the fact that
it is successfully evaded by the importation of the beef in cans without
labels, which latter are sent separately by post and affixed subsequently
to the payment of the duties, and also to the proposed stamping of the
cans, as is done in the case of French canned pease.
76 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A more oneroas duty has, however, been nuder the same regulation
pot on American shredded codfish, which last year came in thin wooden
boxes, snch as Swedish matches are packed in. The dnty on wood being
higher than that on fish, this article of food was then taxed as '^wooden
ware,'' in the same defiance of natural history as when beef was classed
as iron ware. This, however, has been evaded by packing the fish in
pasteboard boxes. Sngar-cured hams being covered with linen cloth,
are, by the same rale, classed as ''fine linen," and subjected to a much
heavier duty than pork, &c.
English emery-powder, which is one of the very cheapest articles of
commerce, is, if it comes in tin canisters, as it usually does, taxed as irou
ware, which effectively stops any extensive sale of it. A peculiar kind
of liqueur from Kussia, in bottles which are partly protected with a
silken cover, is classed as ''silk goods," which are taxed higher than
spirits.
Where the case containing the food does not give a sufiSciently high
duty, the expedient is resorted to of classifying the goods as "fine table
delicacies," which bear a very high duty. This is the case with our
tinned tomatoes and potted meats, which are thereby restricted to a very
small sale as a pure luxury, and yield little or no profit to the importers.
A special instance of the consequences of this interpretation of the tariflf
laws deserves mention. An order was given by the army commissariat
department to an American importer for a peculiar preparation of beef
and vegetables mixed, and packed in tin cases of such a form that the
contents could, on the march, be quickly heated and eaten from the
cans as dishes, the latter being then thrown away. The order was sat-
isfactorily filled, but as the customhouse officials insisted upon classify-
ing the article a« " table delicacies," though knowing it was for the army,
the importer was unable to make any profit ou his contract, which was
based on the price of "beef," and declined to furnish any more. A sim-
ilar proposal to furnish the German fortresses with canned food, to be
stored away in case of seige, was abandoned for the same reason.
Every kind of representation and appeal has been made by importers
to the treasury department here, but without avail, the reply being that
domestic manufactures must be protected, and that American tariffs are
equally, oppressive. In spite of it, however, the German enterprise does
not appear to supply the demand.
The obnoxious regulation is based on the idea expressed in the Amer-
ican tariff, where articles consisting in part of steel, silk, or spirits are
taxed at the same rate as these lattery but the difference lies in the
fact that in the present case the matenals regulating the duty cannot,
by the most liberal construction, be taken to form a part of the food-
products imported. For is this claimed by the German Government.
The unreasonableness of the regulation is shown by its not being appli-
cable when the tin cases have no labels on them. Bar iron might just
as well be admitted duty free, because it had not fancy-colored labels,
and its unjustness is evident from the fact that as all duties are here
levied according to the weight of the goods, the tins are falsely taxed
as so much iron, for the principal part of the weight is in the contents.
Were the beef in the tin cans taxed on different scales there might be
some appropriateness in the law.
I shall, in accordance with your instructions, keep myself informed in
regard to these tariff regulations, and should I find that there is any
probable advantage to be gained by an official appeal to the Govern-
ment, I shall at once make it and report the result to the Department.
I herewith inclose the ministerial decree in regard to canned beef,
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
77
by which it will be seen that only sach coverings as are intended to be
permanent are to be considered as dutiable, and that in these cases the
material, whether of the case or its contents, which bears the highest
valae is to be taxed. It remains to be seen how this will be interpreted.
H. SIDNEY EVERETT,
Secretary of Legation.
United States Legation,
Berlin^ February 11, 1882.
[TnuMlatton of the mlnitterial decree.]
Ikerm of ik$ royal Jinanoe miniairy oonoeming duties an meat put up in white iron boxes with
paper labels,
Berlin, January 23, 1882.
In response to yoor report of tb6 11th instant, I declare myself in accord with yon in
the view yon exprees therein that npon meat imported from abroad in white iron boxes
with paper labels as sole coYerinj§^, m accordance with the provision in the first sab-
division of instmotion, Item I v of the official tariff, the rate of 12 marks per 100
kilograms is to be applied pursuant to No. 25, g. 1, of the tariff, and that therefore
the covering referred to is not to affect the duty-rate.
Where, in the official list of articles, in the note of " ^tuis," it is prescribed as to tare
in accordance with the provisions of section 4 that ^tuis, cases and other coverings,
which are intended to serve further as receptacles for the wares they contain, shall be
sabjeet to duty as a whole, taken together with the wares according to the rate of
tariff due upon the higher taxed articles — ^be it the JStuis taken alone or its contents
considered separately uom the ^tuis — ^it is to be understood that under the other oov»
erimgs only such coverings are intended as are according to their character and pur-
pose to be reckoned as to 4tuis,
THE MINISTER OF FINANCE.
To the Royal Provincial Tax Director, BIr. KrI^oer Altona.
HOIiliAND.
IMPO&T DUTIES OF HOLLAHD.
TRAN8KITTBD BT 00N8VL WINTBR, OF ROTTBRDAJL
Tariff law.
Artiolee.
28
29
21
21
24
26
42
42
51
61
57
MamifBotarM of fkriiuL n. o. p. f
Eerthenwueof •llkiiida,]LO.p.f
AlmopflB .....................................................
Ammiuiitioii, D. a p. f
Braaeceiinoae ., «.
Iron oennoae ••••••••••••....................................•
C«iuMm balls
Vin^ear, strenjrt^ 2^ or leae on Datoh areometer
Vioegu', strength more than 2<*
Beer
Iffannfactnree of tin
Mineral water, in bottles
Mineral water, in Jars
Oonpowder
Chocolate prepared with snKar
Peels of oranges and lemons
Ysras, woolen and worsted, dyed, twined and not dyed, of more
than two threads
Spirits
Soirits, Hontgeest ^
Gtnzer
Standard.
100 kilograms...
Valae
100 kilograms . . .
Value
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
Cask
Cask V
Cask
Value
100 bottles
100 Jars
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms . . .
Valne
Value
Cask, and 60 per
i-ont. alcohol.
Liter
100 kilograms . .
Dntiet.
2 florins.
5 per cent.
4 florins.
5 per cent.
7. 50 florins.
L 25 florins.
0.75 florin.
8 florins.
20 florins.
8 florins.
5 per cent
0. 50 florin.
0.25 florin.
5 florins.
25 florins.
5 per cent.
5 per cent.
8.00 florins.
1.15 florins.
6 florins.
78
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Import duties of ^oZ/aiuI^ContiiiaecL
Page.
58
58
69
B»
SO
61
01
01
03
04
04
65
65
66
60
60
60
60
60
70
78
74
76
76
77
77
79
80
82
83
84
85
89
90
92
96
98
100
104
105
107
108
110
110
111
111
112
117
U7
118
118
125
125
125
125
125
127
128
120
180
182
183
183
134
135
135
135
135
135
136
138
188
138
139
143
143
145
AxticlM.
Murafaotares of pUater
GlaMware
Mtinufactarefl of India mbber
Manafactnree of sold and silver
Crold thread and ailTer thread
Preserved vegetables
Manu factures of gutta-poncha
Hair, prepared wigs ana curls
Hate, or felt for hate
Hpney
Manufactares of wood wholly finished
Prepared fans
Leather work for saddlera, shoemakera, and tronkmakers, n.
o. p. f
Manafactares of iron, oast, forged, flattened, and anvils
Instmmenta, mathematical, physical, medical, optical, and ma
aical
Ivory ,
Candles:
Tallow
AU other kinda
Playing-cards
Cheese of all kinds
Clothing and wearing apparel, n o.p.f —
Confectioners* works
Manafactares of copper and copper thread
Coral
Currants
Stationery and cntlery
Cork
Lampa
Framea
Lemon Jaice
Macaroni
Manufactarea of silk, cotton, hemp, flax, Ac, n.ap.f
Famitare
Fashion warea
Oil, n.o. p. f -
Mother of pearl ,
Umbrellas and paraaola
Pepper ,
Pimento
Platina ,
Pranea, except fresh
Perfame
Bavalenta arabica
Carriages
Raisins
Baisins, Samoa Denia, for the mannfsctare of raidn vinegar.
Vessels and steamers intended to remain in the coontry
Spices, n. ap. f
Manauictares of spelter or zinc
Looking-glasses. :
ManoCcMstares of steel
Slrap
Candied lemon-peel
Tobacco: Leaf and stems, anmanaflsotared
Stems, manafactared
Mana&ctured
Cigars ,
Carpets
Tea
Manafactares of tin
Clocks and watches
Vermicelli
Dve-stafls, in oil, except printing inkt
Meats : Of all kinds, n. o. p. f., and aaaaage, fitMh and salted. .
Smoked and dried
Mutton, pork, and laid, salted
Smoked and dried
Canned, Aastralian or American
Beef, mutton, and pork
Venison and poolt^
Fruits: Fresh and dried, n.o.p.f
Salted, oi preserved in brandy and vinegar
Preserved in sugar and sirup
Mann&ctures of wax and sealing-wax
Soaps: Hard and soft
Perfumed
Salt
Standard.
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
100 kilograms . . .
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
100 kilograms...
Value
Value
100 kilograms . . .
Value
100 kilograms . . .
Value
Value
100 kilograms . . .
Value
100 kUograma . . .
Value
Value
Cask
100 kilograms...
Value
Value
Value
100 kilograma . . .
Value
Value
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
1 kilogram
100 kilograms . . .
Value
100 kilograms . . .
Value
100 kilograms . . .
100 kilograms . . .
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
100 kilotrrams...
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
Value
100 kilograms . .
Value
Value
100 kilograma...
Value
100 kilograms ..
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms ..
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms . .
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
Value
Value
Value
100 kilograms...
Value
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
100 kilograms...
Dntiea.
5 per cent.
5 per cent.
5 per cent
5 per cent.
3 per cent.
5 per cent.
5 per cent.
5 per cent.
5 per cent.
2. 50 florins.
5 per ceut
5 per cent
5 per cent
5 per cent
5 per cent
5 per cent
3 florins.
5 per cent
5p«>roent
5 florins.
5 per cent
SSflorins.
5 per cent
5 per cent
1. 50 floriosL
5 per cent
10 florins.
5 percent
5 per cent
Sflotins.
2 florins.
5 per cent
5 per cent
5 per cent
0.55 florin.
5 per cent
5 per cent
1. 50 floiina.
1 florin.
0. 10 florbi.
L 50 florins.
5 per cent
0. 40 florin.
5 per cent
2 norins.
0. 25 florin.
1 per cent
5 per cent
5 per cent
5 per cent
5 per cent
6 florins.
3 florins.
0. 70 florin.
1. 50 florins.
12 florins.
40 florins.
5 per cent
25 florins.
5 per cent
5 pe( c«nt
2 florins.
5 per cent
1 florin.
6 florins.
8 florins.
1 florin.
1. 25 florins.
6 florins.
1 florin.
5 per cent
5 por cent
10 per cent
18 florins.
5 per cent
4. 50 florins.
6 florins.
12 florins.
TAEIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTBIES. 79
TABIFF PBOTECnON IH HOLLAHD.
REFOBT BT OON8VL S0K8TBJKJ)F AMSTERDAM, TBAN8MITTIN0 A PETITION FROM
THE CHAMBER OF OOMMEROE OF HELMOND TO THE £1X0, ASKING TARIFF PRO-
TECTION,
I have the honor to inclose herewith a translated copy of a petition
addressed by the Chamber of Commerce of the city of Helmond, prov-
ince of North Brabant, to the King of the Netherlands.
The petition sets forth, and presumably correctly and trdthfally, the
present unsatisfactory condition in which the industries of the place are
now carried on in consequence, as is claimed, of the at present existing
import duties, and prays:
IsL That the tariff on imports of manufactured ^oods may be changed, and in ao-
oordance with the tari£b now in force in or reepectiuff other countries.
Sd. That the commercial intercourse between The rfetherlands and its colonies be
freed from every obstruction, and that foreign manufactures, on being imported into
the said colonies, shall, so far as i>08sible, be made to pay the same duties as preyail
in the Netherlands.
Helmond is not one of the most important manufacturing towns in
the Netherlands, but the sentiments there manifested on this subject,
and the movement in favor of ^'protection" there initiated, seems, so far
as I can learn, to strike a responsive cord, and is fully indorsed by the
representatives of the industrial interests throughout the country, as
well as by the artisans and workmen in all manufactories.
How this movement for a higher rate of duty on many ancles will
result it would be difficult to predict for the present. In commercial
and financial circles it does not as yet appear to meet with much sup-
port, the merchant class being still inclined to free trade. The news-
paper press of the country, at least the most influential part of it, op-
poses protection. On the other hand, it should be remarked that the
present national financial conditions as relating to revenue, expenditures,
and taxation is such as to raise great hopes on the part of all who ad-
vocate legislation in favor of protection.
The budget, they say, for the two fiscal years last past has shown
deficits of large amounts. A loan of about 80,000,000 florins was emitted
less than a year ago, and the negotiation of another for about 50,000,000
is now spoken of.
Thus is the interest on the national debt vastly increasing; immense
sums of money are constantly required on account of the ever turbulent
state of AQeh, whilst various important and indispensable works on
national account demond immediate appropriations ; and all this at a time
when the wisdom and patriotism of the national legislators of the coun-
try are taxed to the utmost to provide the necessary means for defraying
the ever increasing expenditures.
The burdens of direct taxation are already so severely felt that a still
further increase thereof would be found oppressive and unpopular.
But it seems to be generally realized that in some way provision must
be made for raising larger sums of money than are at present available
and derived from existing resources.
It would appear, therefore, not to be at all unlikely that a consider-
able increase in the duties on many articles of import may in the not
80 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
very far distant future be resorted to, particularly as the States General,
now in session, has already a bill providing for an increase in the duties
on grain, wood (timber and lumber), and tea.
DAVID ECKSTEIN,
United States Consulate,
Amsterdamj October 17, 1883.
PETiriON OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF HELMOND.
[Translated.]
The Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures at Helmond respeotfdlly submits to
TourMi^esty:
That they feel themselves compelled to point out to Your Majesty the pernicious
effect whichi in our opinion, the abolishment of the different duties in our colonies,
and the low import duties in our country, in connection with the exorbitant— almost
prohibitory — import duties in contiguous countries, have exercised and shall continue
to exercise with increased force on the prosperitv of our country.
That the advantages which were so sanguinely held forth to the nation on the in-
troduction of the free* trade system have remained unfulfilled, while the prejudicial
consequences have made themselves felt from the very beginning in a high degree,
have now attained their climax, and menace our Dutch industry with complete ruin.
That the great extension of our navigation anticipated by the advocates of free-
trade system (which anticipations have for a great part conduced to the introduction
of that system) has not been verified.
That, on the coutraiy, a comparison with the extension of the navigation of the pro-
tected Belgium furnishes results most discouraging to our country, as, amongothers,
the following figures prove :
Tonnage of vessels arrived in port
Amsterdam and Rotterdam : In 1846, 796,000 tons; in 1881, 2,570,000 tons.
Antwerp: In 1846, 330,000 tons; in 1881, 2,938,000 tons.
That also the great prosperity of our trade, with which the advocates of the free-
trade system had flattered themselves, has remained unrealized.
That after the introduction of that system, the formerly so flourishing sugar trade
has entirely fallen of, the coffee and tobacco trade has declined, the linen-drapery and
retail business languishes.
That the advantages of free trade promised to the consumer have not been obtained ;
the prices of daily necessaries, with exception of a few things of minor importance,
have not diminished, but of some articles they have actually risen.
That the injurious influence which free trade (at least if not attended with recip-
rocity) must continue to exercise, especially on our industry, has made itself felt in a
much higher degree than anybody could have imagined.
That soon after the introduction of the free-trade system whole branches of industry
in our country have been entirely ruined.
That almost all branches of industry which hitherto have been able to maintain
their standing are tending to total decay.
That now, even for many articles, in consecmence of the foreign manufactures bring-
ing their superabundant productions on the Dutch markets, all competition, even at
home, becomes impossible for the Netherland manufaciiurer.
That the fatal consequences thereof have of late made themselves felt in an alarm-
ing manner is proved by the fact that important factories have been shut up and the
wages in many others lowered.
That shortly the closing of many more factories and the abridgment of the working
hours in others ma v be expected ; that all measures have already oeen taken by manu-
facturers to keep themselves standing, such as economizing on the materials, increas-
ing the powers of production, &o.
That whatever measure may be had recourse to, the unfortunate operative will at
last experience the fatal consequence of free trade.
That, supposing the price of the daily necessaries to have diminished by free trade,
which is not the case, the operative will only eojoy the benefit thereof when his fiuan-
TARIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTRIES. 81
cial means are in a &yorab]e proportion to the price of his reqnirements, whether they
be high or low.
That, for instance, the operative who earns 15 cents per hour in a country where
bread costs 12 cents, is better off than the operative who lives in a country where the
bread costs only 10 cents, but who can earn 10 cents per hour.
That the diminution of wases must be regarded with regret.
That these wages are already too low (in Twente only m) to 70 cents per day, and
here in Helmond 90 to 100 cents), and the least diminution entails poverty, misery,
and indiffenoe*
That tne lower ranks and the petty tradesmen experience in no small degree the
iinuriouB reaction thereof.
That also in Helmond the ii\juriou8 and disturbing consequences of tree trade are
felt in a hiffh degree.
That petitioners, to rescue the industry of Helmood, and concerned for the un-
happy fate of the poor operative, feel themselves bound to do what they can to bring
about a beneficial change in the present condition.
That they, to demonstrate how, even for the most important Helmond manufact-
uring products, export to the principal neighboring states is an impossibility, ven-
ture to submit the following figures to Your Haiesty^s notice :
In German V an import duty is levied, per 100 kilograms, on-
Cotton, unbleached, 80 marks; same, bleached, iSO marks: same, priuted or dyed,
120 marks ; ready-made clothes, 300 marks ; threads, printed or dyed : To No. 17, 24
marks; from Nos. 17, to 45, 30 marks; from Nos. 45 to 60, 36 marks ; from No. 79 and
higher, 48 marks; butter and artificial butter, 20 marks; nails, 10 marks; cigars, 270
marks ; tobacco, 180 marks.
In France import duties are levied, per 100 kilograms, on —
Cottons, unbleached, 62 to 100 francs; same, bleacheu, 15 per cent, higher; Turkey
red, 122 to 16S2 francs ; other colors, 92 to 130 francs ; ready-made clothes, 10 per cent,
higher; threads, printed or dyed: Nos. 20^ to 30^, 55 francs; Turkey red, 30 francs
and higher : butter, salted, 15 francs ; nails, 8 francs ; tobacco and cigars prohibited.
That Bucn high import duties are equal to being prohibitive ; that several Helmond
manufacturers, in consequence, no longer send their goods abroad, and are as preju-
diced by overproduction as is the case elsewhere, which is thrown on our Dutch
markets by forei^ manufacturers ; that if this state of things be not changed the
Helmond industrial establishments will be obliged ere long to be closed or the work-
ing hours to be considerably abridged.
For which reasons they respectfully but urgently pray Your Majesty that it may
please Your Majesty to bring in a bill to break with the system of free trade, and
to enact —
1st. That the tarifis of import duties on foreign manufactured articles may be
brought in accordance with the tariffs of the respective coantries; and
2d. That between Netherlands and her colonies a free and unencumbered commercial
intercourse may obtain, and that as much as possible the same duties be levied in the
colonies on foreign productions as such articles are subjected to in our Kingdom in
Europe.
And your petitioners, &c.,
The Chamber of Commebce and Manufactures.
Helmond, Septemher 12, 18^.
BBIiGIUM.
nrCSEASE OF BELGIAN IHPO&T DITTIES.
REPORT BY CONSUL WILSON, OF BRUSSELS,
I have the honor to report that a bill has just been passed by the
Senate and Hoase of Eepresentatives of this country, largely increasing
the import duties on tobacco, coffee, cacao, vinegar, alcohol, and alco-
holic spirits. In recommending the passage of this bill to the Chambers,
the minister of finance gave as his motive the fact that the importers of
this merchandise, knowing that the Government contemplated in the
near future a very considerable increase of their entry charges, ha
stored an enormous quantity of them in the warehouses appropriated to
1784 CONG — A p 6
82 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
nierobandiBe entered for consumptioD, with the object of thus escaping
the increased doty when the new tariff law wonld come into force.
According to the statement laid before the Ohambers by him, there
was import^ into the country, ostensibly for consamption, from the Ist
of November, 1882, to the 31st January, 1883, 8,046,000 kilograms of
leaf tobacco, and of coffee 14,924,000 kilograms, whilst daring the pre-
ceding year the importations of tobacco only amounted to 2,242,000
kilograms, and of coffee to 5,310,000. The amount of these importations
has been so largely in excess of the demand for consumption that the
legislature, under the conviction that a fraud upon the revenue was in-
tended by the importers, passed the bill almost without discussion, bat,
as they did not wish to resort to retrospective legislation, they enacted
that it should take effect immediately after its passage, and inserted a
])rovision that if the duties should be definitely modified so as to cor-
respond to the provisional tariff' of this law before the first day of August
next, an3' excess imposed by it should be remitted to the importers.
Notwithstanding the fact that this law is but provisional, it applies
to some of our exportations, and its tariff' provisions may become perma-
nent ; consequently I give below a translation of the five articles of
which it is composed :
Provisional tariff hUl on tohaooOf ooffot^ oaeao, whisky, and vinegar.
Article 1. The duties on coffee and tobacco shall be provisionally modified in the
following manner :
Francs.
On raw coffee per 100 kilos.. 30
Ou roasted coffee do 40
On leaf tobacco do 100
On cigars and cigarettes do 300
Ou other manufactured tobacco do 130
Art. 2. The Government is authorized to provisionally modify the duties on cacao,
alcohol, spirits, vinegar, and acetic acid, in the following manner :
Francs.
On cacao ..: per 100 kilos.. 50
On prepared cacao do 65
On brandies and whiskies of at least 50^ strougth when iu barrels . . per hectoliter. . 100
And for each degree above 5(P do 2
When iu bottles (without distinction of the degree). do 200
On all other spirits... do 134
On vint-gar and other liquids of acetic acid, and containing less than 8 per cent.
of pure acetic acid per hectoliter.. 12
More than 8 per cent, and less than 50 per cent do 50
Fifty per cent, and more do 80
On crystallized acetic acid per 100 kilos.. 100
Art. 3. If the duties on the above articles shall not be definit«ly modified according
to law befoi'e the 1st of August, 1883, the duties now iu force will again be applied.
Art. 4. Any difference between the duties received in virtue of uiis act and those
which will be imposed after August 1 will be returned to the parties concerned.
Art. 5. This bill shall take effect the day after its publication.
JNO. WILSON,
Consul.
Consulate of the United States,
Brussels^ June 4^ 1883.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 83
UNITED KINGDOM.
THE BEITISH TABUT.
REPORT BT CONSUL DOCKERT, OF LEEDS.
One has become so used to bear cnstom-houses derided by Englishmen
that one naturally conclades there is no snch thing in England. Ex-
cepting the castoms officers, I venture to assert there are not dOO peo-
ple in England, however intelligent otherwise, who know anything about
the amount of duties annually collected, the number of dutiable articles,
or the per cent, of duty some of these articles pay. Their ignorance on
this subject is truly remarkable. Perhaps they have been too much
occupied with the task of correcting the shortcomings of other nations to
pay any attention to their own failings. They pretend to be free- traders
at homej tbey claim they have a fr^ breakfast table for the poor man;
neither is true.
They affect great repugnance to any country that has a tariff of 50 or
100 per centum ad valorum on any article. In their own country on one
article a duty of nearly two thoustmdper cent is charged and collected ;
this article yields them their largest item of customs revenue, and it
comes chiefly firom the United States. Tobacco is the article. It is
classed in their own tariff list as an article subject to ^^ ordinary imi>ort
duty," in contradistinction to a ^< countervailing duty," such, for instance,
as the customs duty on spirits, and everything else subject to internal-
revenue duty. On tobacco (which is in very general use by the laboring
classes in England, and which is consequently of the cheapest kind), the
duty ranges, aco(H^ng to moisture, fh>m 84 to 92 cents per pound for
the raw or unmanufactured article, and^ if manufactured, it pays a duty
of from $1.04 to $1.16 per pound. This is called (in England) a revenue
duty. I cannot see it in that light, as the manipulated article is distinctly
charged, say 20 cents per pound more than the raw article. As a mat-
ter of feMst. it is so strongly protective that it prevents Americans firom
saocessfully competing with the English manufacturer in England, owing
to their being handicapped with an additional 20 cents per pound on the
manu£Eictared article.
This is an enormous protection. A great part of the tobacco consumed
in England is of an inferior quality, its original cost at the American
shipping port having been not more than 6 cents per pound. It pays,
if not manipulated, say a 92-cent revenue duty on entering England,
and if made into smoking or ping toba<5co it pays 1.16, or an additional
24 cents per pound duty. Here we have a revenue duty of, say, fifteen
hundred and thirty per centy and a further strictly protective duty of
four hundred per eenty making in all a duty of nineteen hundred and thirty
percent.
Cigars pay a duty of $1.32 per pound. I do not give undue prominence
to this one article, since it is one from which the large amount of forty-
three million dollars of duty were collected last year.
Another item, tea, pays 12 cents per poulid duty. This is not a pro-
tective duty, but it does not allow the free breakfast table, yet at this
rate some of it pays as much as 100 per cent., and the total duty col-
lected from this source last year amounted to eighteen tniUions ofd^dlars.
It is more generally consumed in England than in any other civilized
84 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
coantry, and is a requisite of the breakfetst table, yet we are told there
is a free breakfast table.
Coffee, another article people use at the ^< breakfast table," pays a
duty of 3 cents per poaud, but if *< ground, prepared, or in any Mray
manufactured," it must pay 4 cents per x>ound, a protection to coffee-
millers of 30 odd per cent, of duty.
Cocoa, in the raw state, pays 2 cents per pound, but if ^^ ground, pre-
pared, or in any way manufactured," it pays 4 cents per pound } in
other words, the duty on the manufactured article is double that on the
raw article.
The foregoing are some of the duties in force in England, and they
are sufficient to show that this is not a fiee-trade country in the fuU
sense of the term. Comparatively to population, more revenue is annu-
ally collected at English custom-houses than at those of any other
country in the world, excepting the United States, the total amount
collected during the past year having reached $96,000,000, while the
United States, with nearly twice as large a population, collected
$186,000,000 in the same period. Germany, with a much larger popu-
lation than England, collected from customs $78,000,000.
The chief items of receipt under the head of customs duties for
England during the past year were from —
Chicory $360,000
Cocoa 230,000
Coflfee 1,025,000
Carrants 1,380,000
Figs 130,000
Rusins 775,000
Rum 11.510,000
Brandy 7,935,000
Tea 18,500,000
Tobacco and snuff 43,000,000
Wine 7,000,000
The following is a list of dutiable articles, viz : Alcohol, ale, beer,
brandy, playing-cards, chicory, chloroform, chloral, hydrate, cigars and
cigarettes, cocoa, coffee, collociion, cologne water, cordials, currants, in
essence of spruce, ether, iodide of ethyl, figs, figcake, preserved fruit
(in spirits), naphtha, picKles, gold and silver plate, plums and prunes,
raisins, soap, gin, rum, whisky, all other spirits, wine and varnish ; and,
besides these, there are about ninety or one hundred articles, chiefly
from America, and principally patent medicines, which are held to be
liable to duty at the rate of $3.36 per gallon.
There are in Great Britain and Ireland no less than 133 customs dis-
tricts, each with a collector or saperinteudent and subordinates. In
London alone the number of customs officers exceeds 1,550, while in
Liverpool about 650 are employed, aggregating for the two ports 2,200
officials. These facts and figures do not look well as regards the much-
vaunted idea of a free and untrammeled trade I However, they prove
conclusively the general idea I have advanced, that there has been
only the semblance of free trade in England all the while that the advo-
cates of free trade were so assiduously endeavoring to persuade other
nations to adopt their theory, and as practice and theory have not been
in accord here, they should not be surprised if their motives are im-
pugned to the extent of asserting that sharp practice was resorted to in
order to establish an illimitable n^onopoly.
Now, I beg to submit a statement of the revenue and expenditure of
the British and American Governments, respectively, for the year 1879-
'80. For this purpose I take the pound sterling to represent five dollars,
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
85
and state the items in millions and fractions thereof; which, though not
quite exact, approximates ddsely enough.
BIOnSH &K VENUE.
Source.
Customs
Excise (Intenud reTenae) ^
Stamp daty *
Land aod hontetaz
Income tax
Post-offloe
TelegTBpbs
Crown lands
Hisoellaneoos
Total reremia
Amoont, in
millions of
dollan.
oe.6
120.5
5«.5
18.85
46.15
8L76
7.1
1.95
2&4
40&8
BBITISH EXPENDITUBES.
Aceoont.
Interest on debt
Army and Nayj
CiTiflist, pensirms, du)
Civil sernoe and mifloellaneoas
TotsI ezpendftnre
I>ftTing a deficit of
Amonnt* in
millions of
dollars.
148.81
158.86
8
116L6
42L77
15.47
AMEBICAK BEYBNITB.
Source.
Customs p
Internal reyenne (excise)
Land Miles
liiscellaneoos
Total rerenne
Amount, in
. millions of
dollars.
186.5
124
1.015
22
833.515
AMEBICAN BXPBNDITUBBS.
Account.
Xaterest on de!>t
Army and Navy
Indians and pensions
Civil serrioe and miscellaneous
Total expenditure ,
Amount, in
millions of
dollars.
95.75
51.65
62.7
67.5
267.6
Leaving a surplus of 05.915 million dollars.
It will be observed that from three items, viz, stamp duty, land and
house tax, and income tax, not charged in America, England collects
the sum of $116,000,000 annually.
86 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
In tmth, everything is taxed either directly or indirectly in this coun-
try, every article of foreign or home manufacture being levied upon in
some way or other, to help swell the amount of revenue necessary to
carry on the govejrnment. Owners of land and houses, occupiers of
land and houses as well, all professions, all traders, incomes from what-
ever source, deeds, prooates, legacies and successions, bills of exchange
and receipts, patents, carriages, horses, manservants, guns, dogs, aud
personal property generally, must all pay. The .poor tax is anoUier very
heavy tax, being levied upon occupiers of houses, and the total amount
of this tax during the year 1879 for England and Wales was $65,000,000,
or more than $2.50 per head of population. More than one-third of
this amount was expended for other purposes than the relief of the
I>oor, the payments towards country, borough, and police rate, to high-
way and school boards having amounted to upwards of $22,000,(KK).
The actual relief to the poor during the year amounted to $1.55 per
head of population, and the number of paupers was 843,000.
Until a fortnight ago there was a prospect of a good harvest through-
out the United Elingdom, but since then hope has been dissipated by
continued bad weaUier, and we may exi>ect as the result of another
short and bad grain crop to hear of more farmers ruined, more farms
thrown up. a greater depression in trade, a large emigration, and a more
fully developed ^air-trcufo agitation than we have h£^.
Where this agitation will end I do not presume to say, but from such
observations as I have been able to make I do not think it can accom-
plish anything that may be of permanent good in the country, because
the evil that has been done Is irremediable. As a consequence, British
commercial interests must continue to decline, and while I regret the
prosx>ect I take consolation in the knowledge that American commer-
cial interests are destined to be inversely affected.
A. V. DOOKERY,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
LeedSy September 1, 1881.
BBITISH <«FEEE TRABE AVD FAI& TRADE."
REPORT BT 00N8VL DOOKERT, OF LEEDS.
• ••••••
Doubt is said to be the key to knowledge. I am convinced the key
is then in a fair way to being discovered, but there is still a master key
to the situation which will necessitate a very long voyage of discovery,
unless its hiding place be sought in quite a different spirit to that which
has prevailed in this country during the past thirty years, where every
man's soul has been mortgaged as it were to a single idea — self.
Trade depression has now existed several years, and appears to get
no better; indeed it is now assuming very large proportions, having
become to a certain extent chronic. This has 1^ to agitation against
firee trade under the several names of Fair Trade, Reciprocity, and Pro-
tection, terms nearly synonymous, which agitation is daily growing in
extent and in bitterness.
The press is full of a correspondence which shows that the idea of
protection is widely spread. The protectionist puts his case in these
words:
To. bay cheap is excellent, do doubt ; but unless you are able to sell dear it is of very
little use to you. Man cannot live by buying alone. And we have, as a matter of
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 87
fact, ffot now to a Htage when we find it hard to sell. We are being beaten out of the
wprld's markets, not, as we onght to be, bj free-trade nations, bnt by protectionist
nations. We struggle and wriggle with their tariffs and seek to niakt^ treaties of
commerce that shaYl lighten those tariffs. We demand concessions; and the foreigner
smiles, for we have nothing to give in letum.
The world is against us. Wherever we turn there is a prohibitory tariff, especially,
and of malice prepense, directed against our special manufactures.
What, then, are we to do f There is, indeed, a weapon with which we too may fight ;
that is. a tariff of our own. But then there comes a free-trader and say^i, *^ This weap-
on is sharp; you may cut your own fingers with it. Do not meddle with edge tools.
Bare your breast and in time the foreigner will yield to the force of reason."
Is not this pretty t
• • • • • • •
Free trade might be a first-rate thing in an unreal or communistic
world, but it wilh not do in ours. Policy governs nations as well as indi-
yiduals« and it is quite possible that there should be all policy and no
principle in some special application of free trade, which I must say
would constitute a very discreditable exception. England is really
such an exception.
• ••••••
Free trade really meant to her nothing less than protection, because
she was then in the full swing of manufacturing prosperity anu suprem-
acy. She excelled every other nation in all the great manufacturing
industries ; and by means of a well-conceived system of wars, resulting
in the establishment of numerous colonies afifbrding new markets, aided
by her large quantity of improved machinery and her inexhaustible
supply of coal, she had managed virtually to control the markets of the
world.
To a country like this free trade was a splendid policy, and had other
countries adopted it she would certainly have continued to benefit to
their detriment, for it would have resulted in the establishment of the
most gigantic monopoly the world ever saw.
'^ Protection" is £a.r too mild a term to apply to such a monopoly as
that would have been.
The great free trade theory principle in truth meant cruel monopoly,
and artful as were the means adopted to obtain this object, its failure
has been signally ignominious.
So long as no senous obstacle in the shape of a protective tariff was
encountered, English manufacturers continued to thrive, and with the
acquisition of wealth many of them affected to turn themselves into coun-
try gentlemen for the sake of social standing, the effect of which was
an increase in the value of land and, consequently, rents, and a period
of general inflation followed.
Other countries not only refused to listen to the free trader, but set
to work to more effectually protect their own small but growiug indus-
tries, taking advantage of all open markets and giving nothing in re-
turn. In time they were able to manufacture enough to supply the
home markets, and having these practically safe, they turned their at-
tention abroad, and in seeking an outlet for their surplus in productions
they came into competition with England. On the other hand, England
had been undergoing a great change; rents had become so high that
farmers were ruined or else farms remained unlet, which, with a succes-
sion of bad harvests, caused large deficiencies in the food product, to be
maile good by importation. The cost of the necessaries of life had be-
come higher; new markets for her manufactures were diflBcult to find;
the quality of the manufactures had deteriorated, and labor ha<l become
uncertain and less productive. This was the state of affairs when she
88 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
foand herself called apon to face a powerfal, vigilant, and intelligent
competition in markets she hitherto monopolized.
India is yet a comparatively open market through the pressure of mi
enormous garrison, but this may not last long if there be anything in
the following opinion of an intelligent Hindoo merchant, reported in
one of the ]U>ndon papers:
Free trade may be a very nice thing for England, bat it is a very bad thing for India.
y^o are now undersold and mined in every direction as regards onr mananctnros.
The cost of living is j^reatly increased, and the value of the rapee has diminished.
Before we had the disadvantage of acqaaintanoe with England these millions of
people macnfactnred everything reqaired for their own wants, and the native gov-
ernments protected their own mannfactures. ,
Now, England has got a firm hold of this great peninsula ; she bnj^s the raw material
here and in other ooontriee, and inondates India and onderaells asm everrthing, with
cheap goods and clothes of all ^leecriptions. What is the lesnlt to India f The people
have Men mined and driven into tne fields as laborers and agricoltnrists, that the
people of lianchester and Birmingham may make millions of money at our expense.
We are beaten and undersold at every point, and still the Manchester Chamber of
Commerce cries for farther reduction of our import duties for their advantage and
onr greater ruin.
This is what you call governing India for the Indians.
You most be great fools if vou think that the i>eople of India cannot and do not
understand and see through all these false pretenses.
You must be greater foSs if yon think that we love English rule because it is Jnst.
We prefer onr own rule— the rale of Hindoo and Mohammedan kings and princes,
wbo spent the revenues of India and did not export them to London &r the payment
of large pensions to thousands of officers and civilians, as well as to the wives and
fa miUes of the same.
The English do not spend half their Uage incomes in India.
Sahib, remember yon are only encampea in India ; we see the flash of your bayonets
at every station, and we know what devils yon are to fight against black races.
But we are a patient people. We wait for the time when yon will have great wars,
demanding all your men and ships, when yon will meet with defeat ; then yon will
have to withdraw large numbers or your soldiers from India.
France has recently given a fillip to the free-traders, by increasing her
tariff and terminating a treaty of commerce, and while some people urge,
with force and vigor, that nothing should be done by England, others
want skillful retaliation, forgetting that this may cause a ftirther increase
in the French tariff.
Of course the United States, on account of its continued devotion to
protection, has come in for a frill share of abuse from firee-traders, but
she has been well able to bear it, and can stand a great deal more with-
out foregoing one iota of a policy which has raii^ the country to its
present proud and prosperous position.
I also believe that we can look on with perfect indifference to any agi-
tation for retaliation which may arise, because England is absolutely
dependent upon us for the greater part of her breadstuffs, and is likely
to continue so ; and, furthermore, a corn duty could not sensibly affect
us were it possible to impose it, for the simple reason that they would
have to buy our com under any circumstances. Powerful as the present
fair-trade agitation has become, I do not apprehend it will ever reach
the point of taxing food.
Free trade indirectly ruined agriculture, the mainstay of every coun-
try, in England, but a corn duty, protection, can never mend the matter.
The root of the evil lies in the land system itself, land having become
so very dear through the abnormal state of things brought about by
free trade, that even by charging excessive rents the return to the land-
owner barely amounts to 2 per cent. ; and even a great decline in the
price of land, followed by a proportionate reduction in rents, will not
euabio England to produce anything like the amount of breadstuflb re-
quired for home consumption.
TAKIFPS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 89
Jjandlords in England are dislDolined, if able, to make the necessary
sacrifice ; and, by conseqaence, I can see no pennaneDt way out of the
difficulty. A temporary benefit might be derived by taxing everything
(breadstoffs excepted) that comes into the coantry, but as the home mar-
ket is as yet practically secare against the invasion of foreign manufact-
nres, it would scarcely be thought worth while to stultify themselves by
sncb a direct procliunation of tiie fiEkUure of so cherished a principle as
free trade.
But the home market being thus secure, the people know well enough
1 ha t no new markets can be opened by a tariff ; and, as new markets are
really needed, this causes whatever there is of hesitation on t^e part of
*'/<itr traders."
A. V. DOCKBRY,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
LeedSy September 1, 1881.
OUS HEW TARIFF AHB BBITISH MAVUFAOTUSES.
MBPORT BY CONSUL DOOKBBT, OF LBBD8.
THE WOOLEN-GOODS TRADE OF LEEDS.
From what I have been able to learn I believe the tariff will prove
disastrous to the chief industry of my district — the woolen trade. Dur-
ing the agitation which preceded the enactment of this tariff law it was
anticipated here that a more liberal schedule of duties would be adopted,
and the hopes of manufacturers were accordingly only raised for the
moment, as it were, for they now find themselves face to face with little
or no demand for their wares, and the complaints in consequence in-
crease doily. It was for a little while thought that light woolen goods
of a low class would benefit materially by the new arrangement, but on
a strict analysis even this expectation is evidently not to be realized.
And it is a matter of congratulation, not only to the framers of the
tariff, who displayed so much wisdom, but also to American artisans
and the American people generally, that there should be left no loop-
bole through which any class of woolen goods can enter fi^udulently.
1 am led thus to speak because I have had complaints preferred against
the change in the tariff which makes woolens liable to an ad valorem
duty and also a varying specific duty per pound weight according to
t be value per yard. While as a matter of course there is here objection
to any and every sort of duty levied by any other nation than Great
Britain, still merchants and manufacturers in a large way of business
could, with a considerable amount of explanation, understand a simple
ad valorem and specific duty imposed by a foreign nation; yet it passes
their understanding that a foreign country should impose a duty of 35
per cent, ad valorem and also a specific duty of 35 cents per pound on
cloth valued at less than 80 cents per yard, and yet a higher ad valorem
duty on cloth worth above 80 cents per pound. Bepntable shippers
profess not to understand so complicated a schedule of duties, and I have
been importuned to explain it and the effect it will have on certain kinds
of cloth; but naturally I have said if persons in the trade do not under-
stand it I cannot be reasonably exi>ected to enlighten them, although I
have gone so far as to intimate to one firm which pressed for an answer
90 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
that I supposed it was the intention of the framers of the law to leave
no room for frandulent practices. From hiy knowledge of the trade
here, its exigencies and straits, it is well that so much forethought was
displayed. Indeed the gratitude of every laborer, artisan, and capital-
ist connected in any manner with the woolen industry of the United
States, as also of the nation at large, on account ol the protection to
revenue, is due t6 those who had the wisdom to frame the tariff on wool-
ens. Thus far there is a considerable falling off in the export of woolens
from this consular district to the United States ; and as this has not
been caused by the tariff change which only comes into effect on the 1st
of next month, there is every reason to believe that the shipments will
continue to decrease, and that by the end of the current year I shall
be able to show a very serious falling off in the total amount of exports
to the United States.
The woolen trade of the district is in a very depressed condition. It
has l>een so for a long while. There is no money to be made in it now,
nor has any been made for the past ten years. If one asks how is it they
have gone on so long, and are still standing up against adversity, I have
only to answer that it is, when once fairly started here, just about as
easy to run an insolvent business and live ostentatiously (a requisite')
out of it for many years, as it is to carry on a perfectly sound business.
Of course, if the happy, lucky moment of prosperity does not come,
eventually the crisis does, and down goes business with heavy liabili-
ties, and only assets enough left to pay for a few letters written by solici-
tors and the other expenses of the accountant or solicitor who undertakes
to bury the affair out of reach of the creditors. I am told nearly every
day by respectable men as to the condition of the woolen trade. I was
told this day as to the serious stat« of affairs at Dewsbury, where the
mills used to run half their time to supply the American demand alone,
subsequently for the continental trade, but are now reduced to unprofit-
able competition with others in the home trade, with the lowest scale
of living wage><, and consequently work people leaving in large numbers
for America and Canada, loss of money to owners, warehouses unlet, and
property decreasing in value at an alarming rate. Some capitalists have
also recently gone from there to the United States to start in the manu-
facture of woolen goods. The tariff of first one country and then an-
other having been raised has produced this unwholesome effect upon the
woolen trade which formerly had a hold in Germany, Austria, Spain,
France, and Italy, whereas now there is a very poor trade with those
countries. Still the shippers manage to keep going on, losing money
for a long while, and of course much of the money lost is not their own.
Only a few days ago a cloth firm in Leeds suspended, and I have now
heard that they attribute their suspension to the change in the Italian
tariff*, which occurred about eight years ago. In fact 25 cents in the
dollar is reckoneil a pretty fair dividend now to creditors, unless they
should be able to wind up the estate without the aid of a solicitor. But
it is not only in the cloth trade that failures take place where the par-
ties have been bankrupt for years. A little while ago a large oil mer-
chant in Yorkshire failed, who had been bankrupt for several years,
but still kept going on and living at the rate of thousands a year, ex-
pecting the millennium of particular if not universal prosperity.
Under this awful stagnancy there exists a tendencj^ to become bellig-
erent, for, with all the social and other attractions, the one great ideal of
every Englishman is trade. If he cannot trade he will not be happy. I
do not speak of trade in a narrow sense, fur no one looks with so mlich
scorn upon people engaged in trade as those Englishmen do whose
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEEAL COUNTRIES. 91
fathers made their fortunes in it, or even those who themselves have
done so and qnitted it ; but I refer to trade in its wider sense, that of
coaxing big nations into free-trade ideas, conquering insignificant tribes,
annexing cannibal islands and parts of uncivilized continents, and fur-
nishing all with a governor and body guard and a few dozen Mauches-
ter merchants^ the latter, of course, clothe the savages with a strinj^: of
beads and an ii^n ankle-band, and perhaps a strip of cotton cloth, but
when they have realized their thousand per cent, several times they
come back to England to spend their wealth.
This belligerent interest is marshaled by those otherwise not very
puissant bodies, the Chambers of Commerce, whose not famous achieve-
ments 80 much as their extravagant conceits are enough to alarm all
the clannish trades from engineer to tanner, thereby causing such action
as to disturb distant nations. Egypt has been subjected, alter a most
fearful though painless struggle, beginning with a second Trafalgar
and ending with another Waterloo, to the dominion of Manchester.
Now, apparently. New Guinea, in order, of course, that grievances
should be redressed, ii\juiie8 removed, abuses correoted, and free trade
established, is to be annexed to England, and Manchester is to have
the first turn at supplying the aborigines of that big country with girdle
cloths. The commercial progress of the United States in Mexico, as
well as the French expedition to Tonquin and the bombardment of a
mud fort in Madagascar, is at the same time viewed with great concern
by the commercial chambers in England.
THE FLAX AND LINEN TRADE.
The flax trade of this district will also be adversely afl:ected by the
new tariff. A large Leeds manufacturer of linen yarns told me a few
days ago that he had made his last shipment to the United States, be-
cause the framers of the new tariff, in affecting to lower the duty, had
really increased it, at least so far as his wares were concerned, to such
an extent as to stop further shipments. The u^ual pnce of the yarns
8hipi>ed by said firm is sixpence per pound, and the duty in the old
tanff was 33^ per cent., whereas in the new tariff it is 40 per cent, ad
valorem. Therefore the increase in the duty amounts at the foregoing
valuation to 1 cent, per pound, and when it is known that this acUli-
tioual cent stops exportation, it will be seen what a small margin has
hitherto been available for profit in this trade. I am told that should
makers be enabled through any cause to turn out linen yarns at, say, 5d.
per pound, they would then again ship their goods to the United States.
This seems to me to have some bearing upon free trade, which was a
debatable subject nearly forty years ago, but it is needless to pursue
it now further than to remark that the only apparent way in which the
manufacturer is to again combat the American tariff is to reduce the
price of his ware. Of course such- reduction means less wages, work-
ing on small and therefore dangerous margins, and with cheap money.
It is obvious the scale of wages cannot be reduced; the raw material is
already very cheap; all waste is put to the very best use, and the very
fact of working on small margins would cause money to become dear
for the purpose of such industries. Therefore, I do not expect to see a
re\ival in the exportation of linen. I am given to understand that the
flax and linen trade generally has been in a very unsatisfactory condi-
tion for several years, and that parties so engaged would gladly get out
if it were possible to do so without incurring very serious losses in
realizing upon plant, &c. As an illustration of this, I may say that the
machinery of a large Leeds flax spinning concern was sold by auction
92 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
for only £7,000, while it was valued in the company's books for insar-
ance purposes at £50,000.
The manufacture of linen cloths is regarded as the best part of the
fax industry, but even this is anything but a remunerative business at
present.
Of patent linen threads, &c., I have to say that while the exportation
of the same to the United states continues to be on as large a scale bs
formerly, the trade has undergone such a radical change since my arrival
here, six years ago, in the shape of increased discounts and an almost
total cessation of absolute sales by the substitution of consignments, that
I do not feel justified in speaking here at all of such a peculiarly con-
ditioned trade. Eegarding this change, however, I expect in the course
of a few days to make ^ special report to the Department.
THE IRON INDUSTRY OP LEBDS.
The iron industry of Leeds will not be affected to any appreciable
•extent either way by the new tariff. This industry appears to be in a
healthy state, and while it may not be in a particularly flonrisfaing con-
dition, yet it is recognized as composed of sounder elements than most
other industries.
TANNERS, BREWERS, AND BUTCHERS.
I understand the tanners of this district have been doing a very bad
business for a year or so; in fact, losing much of the money they so sud-
denly found themselves possessed of a few years ago when their trade
was so good. This state of affairs regarding tanners somewhat sur-
prises me, because of their close affinity to brewers and butchers, who
1 am sure are still doing a thriving business. The former class are,
what with brewing beer, owning or otherwise controlling many public
dram-shops, peddling tobacco, cigars, snuff, &c., fast becoming an influ-
ential quantity politically in England, besides amassing for themselves
•extensive fortunes and an illimitoble audacity, while the latter possess
full as much egotism, somewhat less education, but thorough honesty,
•except regarding American beef, which they will not sell at all as such.
THE LIMITED-LIABILITY ACT.
The limited-liability act has militated against honest trade in Eng-
land and done very serious injury thereto by placing in the bands of a
few men, known as directors, who are chiefly concerned in drawing
their salaries, the power to wreck by hazardous enterprise businesses
hitherto perfectly sound. The durectors, in the keen competition which
-exists in all branches of commerce, not only frequently bring their own
companies to grief, but, unfortunately, other more honest tn^ers whose
liabilities are not limited to the capital employed. Directors have a
•comparatively easy task to perform, that of drawing their salaries and
paying dividends^ which latter operation may be done for some years
out of capital without arousing from their sluggish sleep credulous
shareholders: but, alas, the dismal day of reckoning does eventually
arrive, and although the directors ascribe the calamity to bad trade,
•Ac, and they escape scot-free, their position is envied by no honest
person.
A. V. DOCKERY,
Oansul.
United States Consulate,
LeedSj June 19, 1883.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES. 93
TARTTF BSVISIOV.
MJTRAOmOMTBMAmrUAZ BBPOET OF CONSUL-QENBEAL MBEEITT, OF LONDON.
The disoofision in Congress, pending the passage of the bill authoriz-
log the appointment of a Commission for the revision of the tariff, ex-
cited a good deal of interest in Great Britain, and in other countries
having commercial relations with the United States. This was clearly
shown by means of a general discussion of the matter, at the time, in
the new8pai>er press of these countries. The prevailing opinion in
Great Britain, and that, too, supported by the present cabinet, is
fitioDgly in favor of free trade. There are, however, a considerable
nnml^ of influential manufacturers who claim to be protectionists, and
favor what they call <^ fair trade." ]Nrevertheless, all parties appear to be
in perfect accord as regards one thing, to wit, opposition to a protective
tariff in the United States.
In the matter of the proposed revision of the tariff' laws, it will not,
perhaps, be out of place for me to make the following suggestions :
1. Whenever practicable^ duties should be made simple and specific,
and adjusted so as to discnminate in favor of American labor.
2. All articles, the duties upon which are comparatively small, should
be put upon the free list.
3. Original works of art^ antiques, curiosities, and, generally speak-
ing, all collections illustrating the natural sciences, should be admitted
ft^ of duty.
4. Still further, in the interests of a general educational development,
whether in the matter of schools, colleges, or private individuals, I rec-
ommend that, for their own use, all text books and maps, charts, models,
&c., for scientific and professional needs, as also all scientific and pro-
fessional apparatus and instruments, be placed upon the free list.
5. In so far as it is practicable, in the revision of the tariff laws, an
especial end in view should be the protection of new, important, and
yet struggling industries — ^industries which, once thoroughly rooted,
would be able in a few years, unprotected, to hold their own against
the world. To this end, all raw material entering into such struggling,
manufacturing industries should be admitted free,- or at least at a very
low rate of duty. Specific provision should be made determining in
what condition the material or merchandise shall be, in order to be
classified as ^^ raw material.''
6. A simplification of the customs laws is desirable so as to avoid, as
much as possible, their misconstruction and consequent litigation, as
also to relieve merchants from annoying delays in making entry of their
goods. Proper invoices of merchandise on the free list, with bills ot
lading, when presented by the consignee, if the owner, or by any person
to whom they may have been regularly translerred in the ordinary
course of business, should be accepted by the customs authorities, and
the delivery of the merchandise cov^^ by such papers should be with-
out cause of action as against the collector. Provision should be made
so that, in case of the delivery of goo<ls before their quantities or values
have been ascertained and returned to the custom-house, in addition to
duty, .an adequate percentage upoi tl^ entered value shall be dei>osited
until the final liquidation of the invoice.
7. The most equitable basis for fixing values upon merchandise sub-
ject to ad valorem rates of duty wotild be the average wholesale price,
94 TARIFFS OF THE SEYEfiAL COUNTRIES.
in bond, at the principal ports of entry in the United States: such valua-
tions, in cases of disagreement, to be determined on appeal, by a board
of general appraisers, to consist of five members, three to be located on
the Atlantic seaboard, one on the Pacific, and one in the interior. The
adoption of home valuations would do away with the necessity for in-
vestigations as to the current market values of the merchandise in the
country from whence it was imported. These market values, undergo-
ing constant changes, are, other things equal, not the same in different
countries, and, under the most favorable conditions, are difficult for con-
sular officers, special agents of the Treasury Department, or custom-
house appraisers to determine. It is, moreover, especially difficult to
ascertain the commissions, and other proper charges, which, under ex-
isting laws, are to be added to the market prices in order to establish
dutiable values. Still i\irther, by means of home valuation, the neces-
sity for the production of consular authentications of invoices would be
obviated.
8. Generally speaking, in the interest of the common weal, it is desir-
able that the tariff* be so adjusted, and such regulations in connection
therewith be adopted, as shall cause thereafter, on the part of the Gov-
ernment, the smallest i>ossible amount of friction with and annoyance
to the business community. The imposition of taxes upon the commer-
cial business of the country will never be popular with those ui)on
whom, in the first instance, the burdec directly falls. It would, there-
fore, seem to be the part of wisdom for legislation to so simplify and
adjust these taxes, and the rules and regulations enforcing their collec-
tion, as to insure the acquiesence if not the approval of the great mass
of the people.
Every Government, administered so as to conserve the real well-being
and x)ermanent prosperity of its people as a whole, must specially foster
and sustain, amongst its varied industries, agricultural, manufacturing,
and commercial, those which are a prime necessity to the greatest num-
ber, whenever it has become evident that private enterprise and capital
are alone unable to establish and maintain them. This fostering and
sustaining on the part of the Government must be done^ by means of
protection against foreign competition on the one hand, or by means of
direct suppnort on the other.
Other things equal, the establishment of nearly every kind of manu-
facture in a new and growing country, ill-provided with skilled labor,
effective machinery, and lines of cheap transportation, involves, at the
outset and thereafter, a large expenditure of money. A considerable
period of time must therefore necessarily elapse before an adequate re-
turn for such outlay can be looked for; in other words, before any enter-
prise BO established can become self-supporting. Nevertheless if, during
the infancy of such enterprises, prices to the consumer have been en-
hanced, with their growth the raw hand will become the skilled laborer,
motive power and machinery will have been rendered more effective,
and the cheapest avenues for home and export sale and trade openea
up, until finally, without aid or protection, these industries are i>erma-
nently established with the world's market at their command. Home
competition and rapid production naturally following, the cost of manu-
facture and price to the consumer gradually diminisn, until the lowest
limit is reached.
Still further, it must also be conceded that the incidental and indirect
advantages to communities in which growing industries are located
must be very great They stimulate general business by providing
employment for labor in itself unskilled; they furnish an incentive to
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAX. COUNTRIES. 95
creative genius in the matter of mechanical and physical invention and
iliscovery; they open op new thoroughfares; they create local markets
for agricultural products; they form nuclei for large retail commercial
transactions; they are sources of largely increased incomes to the va-
rious lines of local transportation of the country; ip a word, they are
the roots of a home civilization which, carefully tended, deepen and
broaden until they permeate with their beneficent influence all classes
of the community, and imbue them with the vigor and richness of per-
manent, healthy, and intelligent life.
This principle of protecting struggling industries should, moreover,
be applied particularly to our mercantile marine, which, admittedly, on
all hands, is in great need of encouragement and support, not only on
account of its importance in itself as regards our special commercial
interests, but also in order that, |n a general sense, we may, as a people,
make ourselves independent of the varied policies, caprices, and jeal-
ousies of foreign nationalities.
EDWIN A. MBRRITT,
OdMulr General.
United States Gonsulate-Genebal,
London^ November 10, 1882.
FBANCB.
THBTABIFF OF HAT 8, 1881, SHOWS OLD AND HEW TABIFFS, AHD
ALSO COHVEHTIOHAL RATES.
I transmit herewith a ^< comparative statement of the old, the con-
ventional, and the new tariff of France, especially in respect of articles
which were prohibited or subjected to prohibitory duties in the old
tariff, and also a comparative statement in respect of articles the duties
on which have been sensibly increased by the new tariff." These state-
ment show —
1st. The duties imposed prior to May 8, 1881, upon goods or mer-
chandise imported into France from countries having no treaties or
conventions of commerce with France.
2d. The duties which were and which will be levied upon goods or
merchandise imported from countries having treaties or conventions
of commerce with France till the expiration of said treaties or conven-
tions.
3d. The duties fixed by the new general tariff promulgated on the 8th
of May, 1881.
The nations having treaties or conventions of commerce with France
are England, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden and Norway, Hol-
land, Portugal, Austria, Turkey, and Germany.
The following law respecting the extension of these treaties was 'pro-
mulgated on the 20th of July, 1881 :
Only Abticlb. — The Gtovemment is authorized to extend for thrae months firom
November 8, 1881, the treaties and conventions of commerce actually in force.
The present law agreed upon by the senate and the chamber of deputies shall be
executed as a statute law.
It was understood that the French cabinet could only grant the ex-
tension fixed by the above law in case commercial conventions were
signed before that epoch, or if the pending negotiations gave reason to
expect the early conclusion of new treaties.
96 TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
In answer to the foarth question, I have to report the following gen-
eral provisions of the law and the powers of the Government, as to pro-
viding revenue from imports and altering and modifying existing laws
imposing duties on imports:
General provisionf. — Customs duties, like all other duties or taxes,
cannot be definitely dxed except by law. Their rates are fixed by spe-
cial laws, and their collection is authorized every year by the fiscal law.
Powers of the Oavemment — ^The executive power may, in case of ur-
gency, administratively and by simple decrees, alter or modify provis-
ionally the rates of duties on imports, and prescribe certain measures
regulating the the collection of duties, viz :
1st. It may prohibit the entry of merchandise of foreign manufacture,
or increase the rates of duty on its importation into France; in case of
prohibition, however, if -it can be proved that such merchandise was
shipx>ed prior to the promulgation of the decrees, it may be admitted
after payment of the duties and according to the rates fixed before the
prohibition.
2d. It may reduce the rates of duty imposed upon raw material used
for manufacturiug purposes.
3d. It may allow or prohibit the exportation of products of the soil
or of the national industry, and fix the duties to be levied upon their
exportation.
The provisions thus made must be presented in the form of a bill to
the legislative bodies, before the end of their session if they are assem-
bled, or at the next session if they have adjourned.
In derogation of these rules it is provided that the duties established
upon sugars from French colonies or possessions cannot be modified
except by law; but an extra duty (aur-taxe) on foreign sugars and the
classification of the inferior grades of these sugars may be modified by
simple decree.
The duties upon cereals or other alimentary produce also cannot be
altered except by law. The cereals or other alimentary produce referred
to are wheat, spelt and masilin, rye, maize, barley, buckwheat, oats
(grain and flour), rice and paddy, bran of all sorts of grain, bread and
sea-biscuit, oatmeal, pearl or hulled grain, semoule, feculse, sago and
salex, potatoes, dry vegetables, chestnuts, aJpia and millet, fodder and
vetch.
The temporary admission of foreign producted imported into France,
to be manufactured or completed there, may be authorized, and in case
of abuse may be in like manner revoked by decree, provided that a bond
shall be given for their re-exportation or for their return to the Govern-
ment bonded warehouses, after an interval not exceeding six months if
the same should be required. Decrees may likewise designate the cus-
toms offices which will be open to the transit of certain classes of goods
imported or exported, modify the rates of tare, the methods for gaug-
ing, the regulations for customs declarations, for packing goods, &c.
Such decrees need not be submitted to the legislative body for its su no-
tion, but no local authority and no tribunal has the power of increasing
or reducing the rates of duty prescribed bv the tariff.
GEORGE WALKER,
ConsuUOenercU.
United States Consulate-Gbneeal,
FariSy France^ September 14, 1881.
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128 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES,
FSEHCH-POBTUOUESE TARIFF.
TBEATY OF COMMERCE AND NA VIGATION BETWEEN FRANCE AND POR-
TUGAL OF DECEMBER 19. 1881.
[Translated by Consnl Du Pont-Syle, of Funchal.]
Abtiole 1. There shall be full and entire liberty of commerce and
navigation between the people of the two countries. French and Por-
tuguese citizens shall not be subject, on account of their commerce and
industry, in the ports, cities, or any places whatever of the respective
States, whether they may there establish themselves or reside tempor-
arily, to any taxes, imposts, or patents, under any name whatsoever,
other nor higher than those which shall be collected on citizens. The
privileges, immunities, and other favors whatsoever which, in the mat-
ter of commerce and industry, the citizens of one of the high contract-
ing powers may enjoy, shall be common to those of the other.
2. The objects of Portuguese origin or manufacture enumerated in
Tariff A, joined to the present treaty, shall be admitted into France at
the duties fixed by the said tariff', all additional duties included, when
they shall be imported directly.
3. The objects of French origin or manufacture enumerated in Tariff
B, joined to the present treaty, and imported directly from France or
Algeria, shall be admitted into Portugal at the duties fixed by the said
tariff', all additional duties included, except the duty called emoluments^
of 3 per cent, on the principal duty, which shall continue to be collected.
4. Commodities of every nature originating in one of the two coun-
tries and imported into the other may not be subjected to duties of
excise, octroi^ or consumption, collected on account of the state of com-
munes, superior to those which burden or may burden similar commod-
ities of native production. Nevertheless, the importation duties may
l>e augmented by sums which represent the expense occasioned to
native producers by the excise system.
5. If one of the high contracting parties judges necessary to estab-
lish a right of excise, octroi^ or consumption, or an addition to a duty,
on an article of native x)roduction or fabrication comprised in the tariffs
annexed to the present treaty, the similar foreign article may immedi-
ately be burdened, at importation, with an equal duty.
G. The high contracting parties reciprocally guarantee the treatment
of the most favored nation in regard to all that concerns importation,
exportation, and transit. Each of them engages to cause the other to
profit by every favor, privilege, or abatement in the import or export
tariff of duties of articles mentioned or not (mentioned) in the jiresent
treaty which it (each nation) would accord to a third power. Never-
theless, there is reserved, for the advantage of Portugal, the right to
concede to Brazil alone i)eculiar advantages which may not be claimed
by France, as a consequence of her right to the treatment of the most
favored nation.
The high contracting powers further engage themselves not to estab-
lish one against the other any duty, or import prohibition, or export
prohibition, which may not be, at the same time, applicable to other
nations.
7. In that which concerns commoditie^si and the labels of commodi<^
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 129
or their packings, designs, and marks of manufacture or commerce, the
French and Portuguese shall enjoy, in each of the respective states,
the same protection as citizens.
8. Objects liable to a duty of entry which serve for samples, and
which are imported into Portugal by commercial travelers of French
houses, or into France by commercial travelers of Portuguese houses,
shall enjoy, on one side and the other, ou condition of (their undergo-
ing) the customhouse formalities necessary for insuring their re-expor-
tation or rewarehousing in bond, a restitution of the duties which ought
to paid on entry. These formalities shall be regulated by a common
agreement between the high contracting parties.
9. French manufacturers and their merchants, as well as their com-
mercial travelers traveling in Portugal, may, without being subject to
aoy Portuguese impost or patent, there make purchases and sales for
the needs of their industry, and collect orders, with or without samples,
bat without retailing merchandise.
10. The ad valorem duties stipulated for in Tariff B, annexed to the
present treaty, shall be calculated on the value, in the place of origin
or manufacture, of the object imported, augmented by the cost of trans-
port, insurance and commission necessary for importation into Portu-
gal as far as the place of introduction.
The value of merchandise imported into Portugal must be established
by an invoice indicating the real price, and emanating from the manu-
facturer or seller, or by a declaration which shall take the place of it.
The one or the other of these documents must specify the quantity of
each kind of merchandise contained in the package, as well as their
value.
11. If the Portuguese custom-house judge the declared value insuffi-
cient, it shall make provision for proceeding to a valuation of the mer-
chandise by experts, of whom one shall be nominated by it (the custom-
house) and the other by the importer. In case of division of opinion
in the two arbitrating experts, the president of the tribunal of commer-
cial resort shall name a third arbitrator. If the appraisement establish
that the value of the merchandise does not exceed by 10 per cent, that
which is declared by the importer, the duty shall be collected on the
sum total" of the declaration, and the expenses of appraisement shall be
borne by the custom-house.
In the contrary case, this duty shall be augmented by 50 per cent, on
the score of penalty, and the expenses of appraisement shall be borne
by the one making the declaration.
12. Products composed of materials or substances diversely taxed,
not specially tariffed in the present treaty, shall pay the duty of the
part of the mixture most heavily taxed, except when the parts of the
mixture may be easily separated or when accessories shall be in question.
13. French ships coming, with or without cargo, from any port what-
soever into the ports of Portugal, and reciprocally Portuguese coming,
with or without cargo, from any port whatsoever into the ports of
France, shall be treated similarly to the ships of citizens.
14. The two high contracting powers reserve to themselves the right
to previously deduct in their respective ports, on the ships of the other
XK)wer, as well as on the merchandise composing the cargo of these
ships, si)ecial taxes applied to the neeils of a local service.
It is expected that the taxes in question shall be, in every case, ap-
plied to the ships of the two high contracting powers, or their cargoes.
15. In that which concerns the berthing of ships, their loading and
discharging in ports, harbors, roadsteads or basins, and generally in
1784 CONG — A p 9
130 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
regard to all formalities and arrangements whatsoever to which mer-
chant vessels, their crews, and cargoes ought to be submitted, there
shall not be granted to national vessels, in the respective states, any
privilege nor favor which shall not be equally granted to the ships of
the other power; the will of the high contracting powers being that, in
this relation, French and Portuguese vessels shall be treated as upon a
footing of perfect equality.
IG. The nationality of vessels shall be admitted, on both sides, accord-
ing to the particular laws and regulations of each country, by virtue of
the documents delivered to the captains by the competent authorities.
17. Merchandise of ever}' kind imported into France under the Por-
tuguese flag, and reciprocally merchandise of every kind imported into
Portugal under the French flag, shall enjoy the same exemptions, resti-
tution of duties, bounties, or other favors of any kind soever; it shall
not pay respectively other nor heavier custom-house, navigation, or toll
duties, collected for the profit of the state, communes, local corporations,
individuals, or any establishments whatsoever, and shall not be subject
to any formality other than if the importation had taken place under
the national flag.
18. Merchandise of Portuguese origin and manufacture, forwarded to
France by railways bordering on Portugal shall be considered as im-
ported directly under the Portuguese flag, provided that the cars or
packages containing this merchandise.be sealed by the Portuguese
custom-house, and that the seals be acknowledged intact on their entry
into France.
If, by consequence of circumstances oi force majeure^ the cars come to
be opened in course of transit, the benefit of the preceding arrangements
shall be maintained, provided that the case of force majeure shall be duly
established, and that the operations which may be the consequence of
it be made under the surveillance of the local authority, which most,
moreover aflix new seals or stamps.
Merchandise of French origin or manufacture shall enjoy, under the
same conditions, on entry into Portugal, an exactly similar treatment.
19. Merchandise of every kind which shall be exported from Portugal
by French ships, or from France by Portuguese ships, for any destina-
tion whatsoever, shall not l)e subjected to other duties nor formalities
of exit than if it were exported by national ships, and shall enjoy, under
both flags, all bounties and restitutions of duties or other favors which
are or shall be granted, in each of the two countries, to the national
marine.
Nevertheless, there is an exception made to the preceding arrange-
ments in that which concerns the particular advantages and encourage-
ments of which the products of the national fishery are or may be the
object in the one country or the other.
20. French ships entering a port of Portugal, and, reciprocally, Por-
tuguese ships entering a port of France, and which come there to dis-
charge only a part of their cargo, may, while conforming however to the
laws and regulations of the respective states, keep on Iward the portion
of their cargo which may be destined for another port, whether of the
same country or another, and may re-export it, without being compelled
to pay for this latter portion of their cargo any custom-house t^x, except
the taxes of surveillance, which, moreover, shall not of course (8ic) be
collected except at rates fixed for the national commerce.
21. There shall be completely exempt from tonnage, wharf, and dis-
patch dues, which may have continued to be maintained in the respect-
ive ports —
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 131
(1.) Ships which, entered in ballast from any place whatsoever, shall
dei)art for the same place in ballast.
(2.) Ships which, passing from a port of one of the two states into one
or more ports of the same state, whether for the purpose of there dis-
charging the whole or a portion of their cargo or for the purpose of
making op or completing their cargo, shall prove to have paid these
dues.
(3.) Steamships engaged in the service of the post-office, of travelers
and their luggage, and performing no commercial transaction.
(4.) Ships which, having entered a port with cargo, whether volun-
tarily or compelled by circumstances, shall depart from it without hav-
ing performed any commercial transaction.
There shall not be considered, in the case of putting into port of ne-
cessity, as commercial transactions, the discharging and reloading of
merchandise for the repair of the ship or its cleansing, when it is put
int4> quarantine ; the transshipment on to another ship in case of the
unseaworthiness of the first ; the expenses necessary in revictualing for
the ship^s company, and the sale of damaged goods when the custom-
house administration shall have given authority for it.
22. In all that which concerns the rights of navigation, the two high
contracting parties reciprocally promise not to grant any privilege which
may not, at the same moment, extend to the citizens of their respective
nations.
23. Coast navigation or the coasting trade are not comprised in the
stipulations of the present treaty.
24. Merchandise of every kind coming from one of the two states, or
going thither, shall be reciprocally exempt, in the other state, fix)m every
dnty of transit.
[Nevertheless, the special legislation of each of the two states is main-
tained for articles the transit of which is or may be forbidden, and the
two high contracting powers reserve to themselves the right of subject-
ing to special authoiizations the transit of arms and munitions of war.
25. Products of the soil or industry of the country of one of the high
contracting powers shall reciprocally enjoy, on their importation into
the colonies of the other country, all the advantages and favors which
actually are or subsequently shall be accorded to similar products of
the most favored nation.
26. The arrangements of the present treaty shall be applicable, with-
out any exception, on the one side, to Algeria; on the other to the Portu-
guese islands known as adjacent; viz, to the islands of Madeira and
Porto Santo and to the archipelago of the Azores.
27. The present treaty shall go into force the 9th of February, 1882,
said shall remain in force until the 1st of February, 1892. In case that
neither of the two high contracting powers shall have notified, twelve
months before the end of said period, its intention of causing the pur-
poses of said treaty to cease, it shall continue binding till the expiration
of a year from the day on which one or other of the high contracting
powers shall have given such notice.
28. The present treaty shall be submitted to the approbation of the
Chambers of each of the two states, and the ratifications of it shall be
exchanged at Paris, at the latest, by the 4th of February, 1882.
132
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
THE HEW FBEHCH TARIFF OH SU0AS8.
BBPOBT AND TRANSLATION BY OONSVL-QENEBAL WALKBB.
I inclose herewith the new French tariff on sugars, with a translation
of the same into English.
GEORGE WALKBB,
Canaul- OenerdL
United Stater Consulate-General,
Patis^ France^ February 18, 1881.
[TnaalAtion.]
THE NEW TARIFF ON SUOABS.
(Chocolates, fraits, preserves, &c.)
The two foUowing tables show the modifications in the official tariff on daties
suiting from the law of Angnst 19, 1880, on the reduction of duties on sugars.
OmvenUonal tariff,
IMPORT nUTIBS.
Description.
Powdered sngan (108) the eetimated product of
which is, when refined—
98 per cent, or lesB, beet root <
88 per cent or IcM cane
More than 88 per cent i
Beflned enears (103)—
Other than candiee
Candies
Molasses (104) for distillation
Molasses, other than for distillation (see general
tariff)
Simps (105) )
BonDons (sweetmeats) (106) >
Sagar biscuits (10({|)
Fruits pxeserred in sugar or honey (lOM)
Preserves (comfltures) (107) in sugar or honey.
Preserves without sugar or honey
Chocolate (472)
}
Units on which
the duties are
levied.
100 kilos net, of
refined sugars.
...do
IOC kilos net (ef-
fective weight).
...do
...do
100 kilos gross
...do
100 kilos net
.do
— do
100 kilos gross
100 kilos net
Collection,
when au*
thorlzed.
J May
{July
CJuly
}
July
July
July
Oct
July
COct
{July
May
1,1861
10,1880
11,1866
10.1880
12,1880
18,1880
12,1860
17,1880
1,1861
1,1881
12,1860
10,1880
12,1860
10,1880
11,1866
17.1863
1,1861
10,1880
Duties (tentlis
indnded) not
sutiJeottotbA
4 per cent, ad-
dltlonaL
1
}
Exempt.
Exenapt.
I
4&00
61.00
48.00
24.00
22.00
&00
81.50
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTEIES.
133
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TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 135
FBEHCH TABIPF OH AMERICAV FLOUB AND WHEAT.
REPORT AND TRANSLATION BY VIOB-DBPVTT OONSUL-GENERAL HOOPBR,
I bave the boDor to transmit herewith the text of a petition, with
translation, which has been addressed to the French Senate by a dele-
gation of French millers, praying for an increase of duty on American
dour imported into France, or, that it be not allowed entrance save on
the same equality as wheat, the delegation claiming that the projected
tariff, as set forth in the petition, is prejudicial to the milling Industry
of France, and that it is not in accordance with French interest to ad-
mit foreign manufactured products on better terms than the raw mate-
rial.
KOBT. M. HOOPER,
Ytce Deputy 0. 0.
United States Consulate-General,
Paris J France, March 1, 1881.
[TranslAtion.]
CUSTOMS DUTIK8 UPON FLOUR AND WHEAT.
We communicate the text of a petition which has been addressed to the Seuate by
a delegation of French millers, and which we think it oar duty to publish as niattei
of information. We see that these petitioners accept in principle a liberal introduc-
tion of foreign wheat, with a duty of 60 centimes per 100 kilograms (12 cents for 220
pounds). But they find the proposed doty of 1 franc 40 centimes per 100 kilograms
(28 cent^ for 220 pounds) of noar insufficient, which leaves, they say, to the American
miller a profit of 6 to 7 per cent, for these importations, to the detriment of the French
miller who receives the American wheat. On aecount of the cost for transportation,
which is much more considerable for the v^heat than for the flour^ the French miller
paying too dearly for the first when it comes from America, be it understood, nat-
arally cannot deliver the flonr for less than 13 francs 80 centimes for 100 kilograms
($2.6(5 for 220 pounds), while the American flour can be sold for 11 francs 20 centimes
($2.16). Also, while declaring themselves free-traders, they find that the importa-
tion of American flour is not a fair exchange. As to the interest of the consumer, he
is sufficiently insured by the increased duty on foreign wheat.
Wt3 wish to draw attention to the fact that if the claims of the millers are listened
to it will be the farmers who will complain in their turn, because the small sdvance-
ment of the duty on American flour is equivalent for them to a protective tariff on
the wheat of the same country, because really that which the consumer buys is not
the wheat but the flour. If the French millers cannot change at small cost the Amer-
ican wheat into flour, they will cease to buy, preferring their national wheat. Nev-
ertheless, the Ic^cal conclusion of the complaint of the French millers will not be
the increasing of the duty on flour, but the suppression of the duty on wheat. The
millers would have the American wheat at low rates ; the farmers desire that they
may be hi^h. It is, in truth, very difiicnlt to satisfy both parties. This is the most
embarrassing point to which a protective tariff system leads us, even a system the
most mitigatea. The petition of the delegation of French millers is as follows :
Mkssieubs LE8 S^ATEURS : At the moment when the seuate commences to discuss
the duty upon flour, allow us to draw your attention to the present situation of the
French millers through the growth of the importation of flonr from the United States.
The increase of importation is as follows :
Barrels.
1879 4,230,242
1878 2,792,2.-^6
1877 1,504,079
This increase, which really only dates back a year, has remained unnoticed because
of its recent date, and for the reason that the public attention was absorbed by the
situation of England, where the two last harvests were so calamitous that they were
136 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
obliged to import three quarters of the floor consumed. In the meantime it is an
error to suppose that this immense deficit has prevented the English millers from
feeling the effect of the increase of importations of American flour. We have only to
read the English papers in order to be posted on this point. This has resulted in an
embarrassment the most annoying in the markets of the country. It is not to be
doubted that on the return of the usual harvest of England the American flour will
find a market much more difficult ; consequently the Americans will have t4> find a
new channel. . It is in the market the most im]iortant next to England, that is to say
in the French market, that the increase of production will be necessarily directed.
To dissipate all doubts in this regard, it is simply necessary to draw attention to
what has already been experienced with the American wheat. For some time it has
been directed towards the English market ; at a later period, on account of the pro-
gpression of the harvests, it has appeared on our coast, and to-day it invades the'
whole country.
The experience of the past should not be forgotten by us ; what has happened with
the wheat is likely to occht with the flour. The continuation of increase in the im-
portation of American flour is also the more certain that they have reduced the rates
of transportation 25 per cent., and send us the wheat in the shape of flour iustead of
in the form of grain ; 100 kilograms (2S0 pounds) of wheat is reduced to 75 kilograms
(165 pounds) of flour. The exportation of flour would consequently gradually take
the place of the wheat. The situation in which such a state of affairs places our milling
industry comes from what exists. To-day the millers of the United States, as pract ical
people, establish their mills in the heart of the States that produce the wheat, such as
Minnesota, Wisconsin^ Dakota, lowa^ &c. Following the wneat and the flour from its
departure from Amenca until its arrival in France, the expenses of transportation from
Minneapolis, Minn., the center of the grain-producing and milling interest, the most
important, which we may take as an example, are, by employing the most economical
route, that of the lakes and canals, 10 centimes (2 cents) the 100 kilograms for wheat
and flour. The duties in France, according to the projected tariff of the custom-house
are 60 centimes (12 cents) on 100 kilograms of wheat and 1 franc 20 centimes (23 cents)
on 100 kilograms of flour. Taking for a basis that to get 100 kilograms of flour we
must have 130 kilograms (286 pounds) of wheat, it follows that 100 kilograms of flour
made in France from American wheat, having to support the costs of transportation,
amounts to 13 francs ($2.50), and on paying the custom-house duty of 78 centimes (15
cents)^ amounts in all to 13 francs 78 centimes ($2.65), while 1 ho same amount of flour
made m America and brought to France pays only 10 firancs ($1.93) for transportation
and 1 franc 20 centimes (23 cents) customs duty, making a total of 11 francs 20 cen-
times ($2.16). The difference in favor of the American miller on 100 kilograms is 2
francs 58 centimes (50 cents), which represents for him a premium of 6^ per cent.
With such advantages the importation *of American flour should increase rapidly ;
it is what has already occurred, and what has happened simply confirms the former
premonitions. The amount of importations for the last three years which we have
^ven above proves this statement. The American flour has supplanted ooi* products
in all the markets, and there only remains to us the national market, the only one
which we have a right to defend. The French miller accepts the principles of free
trade ; it is in effect a most wholesome stimulant, but it is not, we think, making free
tnAe to admit foreign manufactured products on bettor terms than the raw materials.
It is for this reason that we have the honor to ask you not to allow the entrance of
flour save on the same equality as wheat. The interest of the consumer, which we
should have constantly in view in all matters touching the raising of the tariff, will
not be brought into question here ; it is insured by the duty on wheat of 60 centimes
(12 cents) on the 100 kilograms, which is a simple duty of balance, and on which the
miller on his ]^art can have nothing to object to. If we would only remember that
the French miller manufactures every year 2,500,000,000 francs' worth of flour, and
that it is the only market for 100,000,000 hectoliters (275,100,000 bushels) of wheat,
which represents the average amount of our harvest, we shall have an idea of the im-
portance of the national interest that is threatened.
TAEIFF OH TOBACCO.
TARIFF AND CUSTOMS REGULATIONS AFFECTING TOBACCO.
Tobacco, in leaves or stems, is prohibited entry into France when im-
ported for the account of private parties. This prohibition extends
even to the dust and debris of the leaves. Manufactures of tobacco
may be imported for the account of private parties under special author-
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
137
izatioD of the administratioD. This authorization, however, is limited
to ten kilograms (22 pounds) per annum to any one person. The tariff
upon importations of this character is as follows :
Cigars and cigarettes^ 36 francs per kilogram, net (equal to $3.15 per
pound).
Snuff and chewing tobacco^ 15 francs per kilogram, net (equal to $1.31
per pound).
Turkish smoking tohaccOy 25 francs per kilogram, net (equal to $2.19
per pound).
All other smoking toba^ccOy 15 francs per kilogram, net (equal to $1.31
per pound).
These duties were promulgated in the law of June 13, 1880.
The following table gives a comparative view of the import duties on
tobacco of the principal European nations :
Import duUe$ on iohacoo levied by iho principal European nations j in France, per kilogram.
Tobaooo.
Leaf tobacco...'.
Cigara
Cigarettea
Bnnff
Chewing tobacco
Smoking tobacco
Other mannflMrturea of.
i
(•)
8e.oo
80.00
l&OO
15.00
15.00to25.00
Franei.
a 27 to 9.66
13.00
10. 34 to 12. 41
11. 03 to 12. 41
IL 03 to 12. 41
Franei.
1.06
8.37
8.37
2.25
S
&
Frames.
0.132
2.58
0.42
Francs.
0. 0148
0.848
0.2514
0.2544
0.2544
0.2544
3
Francs.
(t)
130.00
20.00
Tobacco.
Leaf tobacco
Cigara
Cigarettes
Snuff
ChjjDwing tobacco
Smoking tobacco
Other mannfSACtarea of.
Francs.
1.07
21.40
21.40
6.44toa60
6.44
6.44
I
GO
Francs,
I
Francs.
a 12
12.60
a 25
'5.06
I
a
H
ft
«
Francs. Francs.
0.05
4.24
4.24
1.63
1.14
L47
Franca.
0.93
1.84
1.12
L12
0.93
1.12
i
O
Francs.
0.29
1.87
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
Francs.
1.17
0.78
1.17
2.34
""i.'i?
0.55
* Prohibited, except for the r6gie. t Prohibited.
$ Nearly all prohibited, except importations for the r6gie.
X For Havana cigars only.
II Eight per centom ad valorem.
AMERICAV VS. FEEHCH PROTECTIVE TARIFFS.
Apropos of our protective tariff, the opposition here to it is outspoken
and almost bitter. " UnormSment Spouvantablcj^^ " Le vieux de la mon-
tagne^ are some of the terms used in denouncing it. Yet I find it makes
all the difference, as it did in the fable, who owns the ox and who the
bull, for i>ending the discussion of the new French tariff, which reduced
the duties on imported sardines from 31.20 francs to 10 francs per hun-
dred kilograms, I find a protest made by the syndicate of manufacturers
at !Nautes, sent to the Senate through the chamber of commerce. As
it seems a complete answer to their claims against our system ot \)\q-
138 . TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
tectioD, I give a quotatiou. They first give the tariff of other couu tries :
United States : Sardines, 60 francs to 96 francs per 100 kilograms ; veg-
etables, 53 francs per 100 kilograms. Germany : Sardines, 95 francs
per 100 kilograms. Enssia : Sardines, 73.25 francs per 100 kilograms.
Then follows their argument :
A compariBou of these figures is sufficient to demonstrate that the interests of the
French producer will be absolutely sacrificial. The well known superiority of our
merchandise has, during several years, counterbalanced the effects of these tariffs, but
little by little the consumer is seduced by the cheaper markets and has forsaken our
products which we will be obliged to part with under cost.
The question presented for us, then, is one of life or desfth. It belongs to you to
decide. That we may continue to live, we ask the maintenance of the old tariff and
the rejection of the rates proposed by the Government and accepted by the Chamber
of Deputies. • * * In conclusion, we have the right to demand that the French
markets shall be reserved to us by a protective tariu equivalent to that which the
foreign nations iuflict upon our goods, or else that the forei^ market shall be opened
to us by a reduction of their tant&, as ours are open to all foreign products.
• • • • • . • •
The argument was of no avail and the reduction was made in the new
tariff.
This argument, thus made in favor of a protective tariff in the case of
an article of merchandise of which this country is the principal pro-
ducer-^where in 1879 the exportations stood 32,000,000 francs as against
771,000 importations, and, in 1880, 30,000,000 as against 820,000, where
the tariff at its high rates produced during the two years only an aggre-
gate of less than 4,000 francs, shows a watchfulness and regard for self-
interest on the part of French manufacturers which would do no dis-
credit to their own estimate of the most ardent and persistent protec-
tionists in the United States.
THOMAS WILSON,
ConauL
United States Consulate,
NanteSj September 30, 1882.
TEEAT7 OF COMMERCE BETWEEH FEAVCE AHD THE UHITED
STATES.
REPORT BY COMMERCIAL AGENT HERTZBERQ, OF 8T, ETIElOfE, TBAN8MITT1KQ
MEMORIAL OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THAT PLACE TO THE SECRE-
TARIES OF AGRICULTURE, OF COMMERCE, AND OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, REGARDING
A TREATY OF COMMERCE WITH THE UNITED STATES.
I have the honor to transmit the inclosed ^^ oommuniqui^ of the
<' Eepublican of the Loire and the Haute Loire," containing a memorial of
the Chamber of Commerce of St. Etienne, addressed to the French
secretaries of agriculture, of commerce, and of foreign affairs, regarding
a treaty of commerce with the United States, which may be of interest
to the Department.
As to the statistical figures given in this '^official" document, I beg
to remark that the same appear to be rather inaccurate. It is true
that in 1878 the value of the St. Etienne ribbon exportations had gone
down to the sum of 1,359,146.30 francs, but in the following year the
exportation of these articles amounted to 2,662,594.23 francs, and for
the first five months of the present year the records of this office show
an exportation the value of which amounts to 1,684,098.20 francs.
THEODORE HERTZBEBG,
Commercial Agent
St. Etienne, June 3, 1880.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 139
[Tranelation.1
MEMOBIAL.
The cliamber of commerce of St. Etienne has already had the honor to call yonr
atteution to the fact that a treaty of commerce with the United States would prove
to be highly important and conducive to the interests of our home industry, the rib-
bon manufacture of St. Etienne.
It is more than e'lfOit years since a tariff of customs — amounting to almost prohibi-
tion— ^has closed up t^e American market against most of the products of European
industries. This fact has become one of the chief causes for the sad stagnation of
trade existing in the commercial circles of this continent.
As to the specialty of the St. Etienne ribbon-manufacturing branch, the value of its
exportations to the United States reached in 1873 the figure of about 30,000,000 francs,
embracing nearly the third part of its entire production. From that time this figure
ba^s been from year to year constantly decreasing until it has finally come down to a
fiingle million, thereby showing an exportation next to none. Now it seems to us that
onr own country does import a volume of American products sufficiently large to jus-
tiiy on onr part an earnest effort of making that country — a country of a so pre-emi-
sently consuming capacity — take in reciprocity a corresponding part of our industrial
pro<luction.
Thanks to the labors of our Franco-American commission, the United States them-
selves have taken the first steps in this matter, which in our judgment should be con-
fddered as paramount to all others. In April, 1879, the American House of Represent-
atives and Senate voted a resolution by which the President was requested to take
into consideration the expediency of entering into negotiatious with tbe French Gov-
ernment for the purpose of studying and preparing a treaty of commerce between the
two countries.
We are not aware of the motives that may have prevented the French Government
from taking advantage of these approaches so empnatically friendly.
New efforts in the same direction have since been made by the French-American
commission, that body submitting to both branches of the American Congress a new
joint proposition praying for the nomination of three commissioners. This resolution,
left on the Tith of February, 18^0, to the consideration of the Committee on Foreign
Relations, has been, on the 24th of February, indefinitely postponed. As wc learn
from an official commnnication of the committee, a discussion of the matter will be
taken up as soon as the *' French Government may have made known its intentions to
Mr. Evarts, the Secretary of State, who will immediately send the information to the
Senate.^'
To sum up : It appears to us that the initiatory steps taken privately in the matter
by the Franco-American commission have obtained all that reasonably could be
expected. Moreover, it is an undeniable fact that the Government of the United
States will leave the question untouched until the French Government shall have
laken the same into its hands; and in the opinion of this chamber our Government
cannot forbear any longer from taking due official notice of this important matter
without seriously endangering the interests of this country.
The objection which might perchance be raised, **that previously to any steps on
the side of our Government the new jB^eneral tariff' of customs ought to be voted,'' should
not retard action. There is in reality not the least obstacle in the way of the French
Government to prevent the same from accepting without even a day's dela^ the prop-
osition offered in the ^oint resolution of the Senate at Washington^ inviting France
to nominate an ''official" Franco-American commission. The nomination of such a
body doee not enjoin any responsibility whatever: it simply would express the desire
of having the condition of things duly considered and fairly examined into by com-
petent Judgea.
Convinced, as we are, Mr. Secretary, that you will without delay take into your
bands our cause, or rather the cause of French commerce, we beg to give you the
aasorance of our highest respect.
EXPOET DUTIES OF FEAHCE.
REPORT BT MR. WALKER.
I have the honor to ackDowledge the receipt of Department's circular
of the 15th ultimo, requesting information relative to export duties
levied in France on the productions of foreign countries.
In reply I beg to inform the Department that the new French Gov-
emment has in reality no export tariff.
140 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Table B, of the new French tariff, promalgated May 8, 1881, reads as
follows :
Table B,— Export tariff.
No.
580
681
S83
Articlea.
Thorooffhbred dogs, exi>ortod by the land frontier
Booka, mfringing on oopyright
All other merchandise
New tariff.
P«r 100 ftOo*.
Prohibited.
Do.
Free.
Thus showing two articles of export ^^ prohibited,'' and all other mer-
chandise "fipee.''
GEOEGE WALKER,
Oansul-OenerdL
United States Consulate-General,
Paris, March 23, 1883.
SWITZBRIiAN-D.
TARIFF OF SWITZERLAHD.
The general import tariffs of Switzerland are light, and maintained
wholly with a view to the federal revenues. The rates levied upon the
articles which most directly concern American exporters are as follows,
the unit of quantity being the meter centner, or 100 kilograms, equal
to 220 pounds.
General impart tariff per 220 pounds.
Wheat, com, and all other cereals fO 05
Flour 20
Meats, salted or smoked 80
Fish, salted or dried 80
Fruits, dried or preserved 07
Fruits, fresh free.
Sugar 1 40
Sirup, colorless : 1 40
Sirup, raw, brown, and molasses 60
Tobacco, leaf and stems ••••.... 5 00
Tobacco, in twists 6 00
Tobacco, smoking 1 00
Snuflf 1 00
Cigars 2 00
Cigarettes 2 00
Leather, uncolored 80
Leather, colored and enameled 1 X 40
Boots and shoes, coarse 3 20
Boots and shoes, fine * 6 00
Iron and steel in bulk 12
Iron and steel implements, polished, painted, or varnished 3 20
Machinery and castings 80
Agricultural machinery 80
Raw cotton , 12
Cotton waste '. 12
Cotton yarns, raw 08
Cotton yams, bleached or colored i 14
Cotton fabrics, colored or printed 3 20
Wool, raw or combed, waste, &c 12
Woolen yarn, raw, uncolored 80
Woolen blanket* 1 40
^'en cloths, colored and dressed 3 20
rubber goods 3 20
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
141
EXPOET DUTIES OF SWITZEELAHD.
BEPOBT BT OONSVJrOEXEBAL CBAMEB,
Bef^ning to your circular dispatch of the 16th of February last, re-
questing a table or schedule of all export duties levied on the produc-
tions of foreign countries in Switzerland, I have now the honor to 'in-
form you that, having applied to the high federal council for the desired
statistical information, said council gladly complied with my request by
sending to this legation a table in French, relative to such export du-
ties, a copy of which, with a translation thereof, is herewith inclosed.
M. J. OBAMEB.
GoNSULATE-OENERAL of THE UNITED STATES,
Beme^ March 28, 1883.
Duty <m exparU,
ArtldM.
HorMB ...perprioe..
Moles and mnlets do....
Asses do —
Colts do —
Hom^ oattle and calyes, weighting more than 40 kilognuns do
Calves, weighing only 40 kilograms do....
Hogs:
Weighing more than 40 Idlograms do —
Weighing only 40 kilograms ; pigs do....
Sheep and lambs do
Goats and kids do
Stra nge animals which are not transported in oars or wagons do ... .
Wooa for burning and charcoal advalorem..
Wood, sawed and out; wood for constraotion; for cartwrights' work; forcar]>entors ; rough
hewed and Joined ad valorem..
Wood, coarse, or easily out, square in parts, but not in its whole length ; ordinary floating
wood or rafts ad valorem..
Asphalt per collier..
Trees or shrubs in pots or tubs
Common articles made of wood, such as rakes, forks, poles, Sco per kilogram. .
Lime and plaster of Paris, coarse, calcined, or ground; lime hydraulics do. . . .
Basket traide, coarse do....
Slate, dressed stones, grindstones, and whetstones do...;
Stones, sawed in blocks 1 do....
Clay and chalk do
Ordinary earthenware do....
TilcAaud bricks do
Grapes, fresh, for table use ....do
Wine-pmpes (140 kilograms are calculated as 100 kilograms wine) per collier. .
Wine, cider, beer, in casks per kilogram..
Hastich of pitch do
Iron ore do
Salt (for the kitehen and for beasts) do
Peat and torf do...
Foreign animals imported in cars (menagerie) do
Clean wastes of materials fh>m which paper is mannftM^tured; old cords and cables; linen,
hemp,and cotton rags *. per kilogram..
Hides, coarse, wet. and dry do
Merchandise and diverse oE^ects, not mentioned on the tariff of exports do
Duty on
exportfl.
IVonet,
L60
LM
60
60
60
05
60
05
05
05
L60
2 per cent.
2 percent.
8 per cent
16
16
15
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
30
80
80
80
80
80
1.60
4.00
«L00
20
142 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
HEW SPAHISH tariff.
BBPORT BY MB. DWIGHT BEED, 8B0BJBTABT OF LEGATION AT MADRID.
•
In accordance with an act dated the 6th July, 1882, providing for a
new Spanish tariff, a royal order was issaed on the 2dd of that month
giving to the pablic said tariff and ordering that the same shonld go
into effect on the 1st Angnst.
This order, together with the tariff, was published in due time in the
^^Oaceta de Madrid,^ but I deemed it best to await its publication in
pamphlet form, together with the rules and regulatious for carrying it
into effect, before making a translation of the same. The pamphlet did
not make its appearance until the latter part of August, since which
time I have been engaged, when my other duties would permit, in mak-
ing a translation of the essential part of it, which translation I have
now the honor to transmit herewith, together with a copy of the pam-
phlet in question.
An extended review of the tariff does not seem necessary, but I deem
it proper to say that its supposed benefits are only to be eujoyed by
nations having treaties of commerce with Spain, and those which have
no such treaty will pay the duties named in the first columli, which are
the same, with perhaps few exceptions, as those of the tariff* of 1877.
The countries having treaties of commerce with Spain at the time the
tariff went into effect are the following : Germany, Denmark, Greece,
Italy, Netherlands and colonies, Portugal, Eussia, Sweden and Korway,
Switzerland, Turkey, Belgium, Austria-Hungary, Anam, and France and
Algeria; and the countries enjoying the benefit of the most-favored-
nation clause are China, United States of Colombia, Japan, Morocco,
Paraguay, Persia, Peru, Siam, and the Hawaiian Islands.
The treaties with Germany, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Netherlands
and colonies, Portugal, Eussia, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, and
Turkey will expire during the present month, and up to the present time
only those with Germany and Sweden and Norway have been extended
until the 15th of December next. All the remaining countries will pay,
the day after the expiration of their treaty, if no extension shall be made,
the duties named in the first column of the tariff.
So far as the products of the United States are concerned, they will,
of course, pay the duties named in the first column of the tariff.
DWIGHT T. REED.
United States Legation,
Madrid^ October 26, 1882.
Ministry of Finance (Hacienda),
royal decree.
In conformity witli my council of ministers and the opinion of tbe board of tarifb
and valaationsy I have decreed the followiDg :
Article 1. The inclosed customs tariff, reformed in accordance with the law of 6th
instant, upon the application of base 5th of the law of Ist July, 1869, and that of
TABIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 143
30th Jure ultimo, in regard to the commercial relations with the provinces of Ultra-
mar.
Art. 2. In compliance with the provisious of article 4 of said law of 6th instant,
the reductions of duties which result in the new tariff will only he granted to such
^oods a» may he the product of and proceed from nations which may have in force
treatit's of commerce with Spain. The duties named in the first column of the re-
formed tariff shall he exacted on the goods produced in or proceeding from other
nations.
Art. 3. The new tariff shall go into effect on the Ist day of August next ; the duties
named in the same shall he exacted on all the products and merchandise which may
have been declared in the customs for consumption after said date.
Art. 4. All decrees, orders, and provisions of any kind, which may not agree with
the provisions of the present decree, are abolished.
Art. 5. The minister of finance (nacienda) shall make the necessary provisions for
the due execution of the preceding dispositions.
Given at San Udefonso, on the 23d July, 1882.
ALPHONSE.
The Minister of Finance (Hacienda),
J. F. Camacho.
Law of Tariffs, July 1,1869.
Artide 9 of the law of budgets of receipts ("ingreeoe") for the economic year of 1869-70,
from Ut July, 1869.
The customs tariff duties shall be reformed according to the basis established in
Appendix C.
BASIS cited IK THE PREVIOUS ARTICLE.
1. All kinds of merchandise is admitted into trade in the Spanish dominions of the
peninsula and adjacent islands, with the exception only of articles, the circulation oi
which may be prohibited by the penal laws, those of public safety, and those pertain-
ing to articles whose sale is limited by the (Government to certain i>ersons (''estan-
cados").
2. The exportation of all the products of the counter, whether natural or artificial,
of whatever kind, and of national products, is allowed.
3. A tax on the importation of merchandise specified in the tariff, and called as here-
tofore customs duty, Hhall be exacted. This tax shall be of three kinds :
The first shall be called extraordinary, and may extend in generality to 30 per cent.
of the value of the merchandise on which it may be imposed, and to 3i5 per cent, only
in cases which may be determined by base 4.
The second shall be called fiscal and may extend to 15 per cent, ad valorem.
The third shall be called balance (''balanza'O tax, and shall consist of a small
quantity per unit, weight, or measure.
4. The merchandise charged heretofore with a protective duty shall pay up to 30
I>er cent.
Articles among which are-thoee now prohibited, and which may he determinatelv
specified, shall pay up to 35 percent. ; also those articles which, owing to their high
price or to their general consumption, although not of an absolute necessity, shall pay
a sim i lar additional duty.
The remainder of merchandise shall pay fiscal or balance duties in the maimer
which the Grovemment may determine.
5. Durinff six years fcom the 1st of July instant, the duties named as ** extraordi-
nary^ shall be unalterable.
Alter that date these duties will be gradually reduced from the seventh to the
twelfth vear, until the maximum rate of the fiscal duties shall have been reached.
(See law of 6th of July, 1882.)
The manner of reduction for each article shall be determined in the details of the
tftriff.
G. Exportation duties shall only be paid on the following articles : Cork in rough or
tablets from the province of Gerona ; rags of old linen, cotton, and hemp, and of used
materlAlB of the same. Lead ores sulphides (** galenas ''). Leads, and leads mixed
with oil for paint (white lead), and silver leads.
The maximum of duties to be imx)osed on these articles shall be 10 per cent.
7. The classifications of merchandise shall be made in generic groups, and not in
specific subdivisions; the standard price of the article for the impo^^itiou of the duty
anall be that of greatest importation of articles included in each group.
The valuation of the goods shall be made by taking the average of the prices which
144 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
the articles may have at the places (where duties are paid) on the coasts and frontiers,
and in every case a certain per cent, shall be converted, for the concrete imposition,
into a fixed rate of unity of weight, measurement, or count.
S. No alteration whatever shsdl be made in the tariff duties by orders or decrees,
except iu the case anticipated in base 5.
In regard to classifications, the rectifications which experience may advise may be
made every three years on the proposition of the director of the branch and in view
of the opinion of the board of tanffs.
9. No exemption, reduction of duties, on behalf of industry, public establishment,
co-operation, nor person, of whatever class, shall be conceded.
This basis does not abolish the franchises enjoyed by the diplomatic corps, in. ac-
cordance with treaties.
10. A commission of valuations shall be created, the object of which will be to form
and publish every year tables of the average prices of merchandise during the year,
the administration taking into account the observations made by tradesmen and
manufacturers in regard to the same.
These tables shall serve to make out the accounts of rates in the statistics of im-
portation, exportation, and transit, and to rectify, in accordance with them, the tariff
m the case determined by base 5.
11. The tariff duties shall continue to be collected in the custom-houses established,
or which may be established, by the Government, which will give to each (custom-
house) such authorization as it may deem proper.
The Government may establish general warehouses C'depositos"), where all classes
of merchandise may be admitted.
12. The customs (houses) shall be governed by regulations prepared by the Gov-
ernment, in which shall be established the directions, rules, and formalities for the
importation, exportation, coasting and transit trade.
The questions which may grow out of these operations shall be decided by the Gk>Y-
emment without causing expense or damage to the parties concerned.
13. The Government, in accordance with these bases, shall prepare the tariffs, which
slmll go into effect on the 1st Julv next.
14. The minister of finance ('* nacienda") shall dictate the necessary provisions for
the organization of custom (houses) during the month of July next, subject to the
following rules:
1. Stability of officers.
2. Responsibility and punishment of all misdemeanors (''faltas"),with fines or dis-
missals aifter having been tried.
3. Increase of salaries, within the credits mentioned in the law of budgets for this
service.
4. The filling of positions newly created from among the individuals of the branch,
both active and inactive Ccesantes")» After having had due regard to services ren-
dered (previo concurso).
5. Admittance through examination (** oposicianrigorosa")) and promotion by rota-
tion (**escida*') and contest ("concurso").
6. Simplification and rapioity in dispatch of " expedientes," in accordance with
the basis 12.
StupenHon of the application of haw 5 of the law of let July^ 1869.
Royal decree of June 17, 1875, declared a law by that of July 17, 1876. (See the law
of 6th July. 1882.)
Article 1. The application of base 5, of Appendix C of the law of budgets of Ist
July, 18(59, according to which, from the Ist ot July next, the extraordinary custom
duties must be gradually reduced to the maximum of the standard of the fiscal, is
suspended.
Art. 2. The Cortes of the Kingdom, to which the Government shall acquaint with
this decree, shall fix the date when the x)rovision8 of said base must be executed.
Law of 6th July, 1882, repealing the suepenaion of hose 5 of the tariff law j and ordering the
rectification of the tariffs,
Alphouse XII, by the grace of God constitutional King of Spain, to all who shall see
and near the present, know : that the Cortes have decreed and we have sanctioned
the following :
Article 1. The order suspending the carrying out of base 5 of law of tariffs in force,
issued by royal decree of 17th June, 1875, is canceled.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 145
Art. 2. The gradnal redaction of the extraordinary duties to fiscal duties provided
by base 5 of the tariff shall be made as follows :
First. Duties which exceed 15 per cent, and not 20 per cent, shall be reduced to 15
per cent, on the Ist August of the current year.
Second. The other extraordinary duties, from 20 per cent., inclusive, and upwards,
<ihall be reduced to 15 per cent, by reduction being made on the said first day of
August nf*xt, the second on th^ 1st July, 1887, and the third and last on the same day
and month of 1892.
Within one year previous to the date fixed in the preceding paragraph for making
the second reduction of the extraordinary duties, the Government will name a com-
mi.ssion composed of senators, deputies, manufacturers, agriculturists, merchants, and
members of the consultive board of tariffs, with a view to taking information, and, in
consequence of such information, to report whether or not it will be convenient to
the general interests of the country for the reduction to take place on that date or be
auspeuded till Ist of July, 1892, on which day it shall be made in union with the third
<and Idst reduction).
Art. 3. In accordance with base 8 of said law of tariffs, the rectification of the val-
uations and classifications of the same shall be made within the time named in the
EreviouB article, the consultive board of tariffs and valuations having been previously
eard.
Art. 4. The reduction of duties which may grow out of the application of the first
of the three reductions. provided for by this law shall only be applied to merchandise
iBvhMrh may be produced by, and proceed from, nations which may have treaties of
commerce with Spain.
On merchandise which may proceed from other nations, the duties named in the
tariff in force for nations which have no treaty of commerce shall be exacted, or those
<datie8) which may be hereafter established.
Art. 5. Before reali^.iug the second reduction of extraordinarv duties, in case this
should l>e done in accordance with the second paragraph of article 2, the (Government
will open negotiations with the countries with whicn we may be connected by treaties
of commerce to obtain from said states, as a reciprocal equivalent, new reductions in
the tariff dntiesrcollecte<l from articles of Spanisn production. In case these conces-
sioDs should not be obtained, the second reduction of the extraordinary duties shall
not be made until the Ist of July, 1892, on which date said reduction shall be made
in union with the third and last reduction; and the duties which may result from it
shall only be applied to the nations with which new treaties of coomierce may be cele-
brated, oD account of the present ones having been abrogated.
Art. G. The Government shall continue to charge importation and navigation duties
on the products, vessels, and merchandise proceeding from countries wuich may in
any way specially injure our products and our trada.
Transitory articles. The specific duties which may be established by the re-
/onned customs tariff shall be exacted in accordance with the prescriptions of this law
on all the products and manufactures which may be declared for consumption in the
customs from the 1st of August of this year.
We, therefore, order all tribunals, justices, chieft, governors, and other authorities,
both civil and military and ecclesiaistic, of any kiud and dignity whatever, to keep
and cause to be kept, fulfil and carry out the present law in all its parts.
Given at the palace, 6th July, 1882.
I, the King.
The Blinister of Finance (Hacienda), *
Tr. Fr'co Ca macho.
dispositions for tiie application of the tariff.
Disposition First.
Artiole$ free of duty.
The following articles shall not pay any tariff duty on their importation into the
Peninsula and Balearic Islands :
1. Mineral waters, with the exception of their "envases."*
2. Trees, vine-shoots ('^sarmientos^'), and plants (see the note of the disposition
14).
3. Lime (protbxidc of calcium).
4. Minerals of copper, gold, and silver.
5. Samples of felt ("iieltro"), stained paper and textures ui> to 40 centimeters
length.
ti. Samples of lace and ribbons ('^ pasamanoria '') in small pieces without any com-
mercial value or of use.
1784 CONO — ^A P 10
146 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
7. Gold, silver, and platina in jewels and in table services, broken pieces ('* vajilla
inntilizadaz), ingots (barras), coins (*'monedas")» pieces and dnst of precious metals,
and silver and gold in an nnmannfactnred form (^'tejos'')*
d. Gold, silver, and platina worked np in Spain.
9. Pearls, broken pearls, and misshapen pearls (^'aljofar''), and precious stones.
10. Silk in cocoons, relicts of cocoons, and silk seeds.
11. Gypsum (sulphate of lime). *
Disposition Second.
Articles free of duty ^ under the conditions stated.
1. Articles of dress, toilet, and comfort objects, bed and table clothing; books^
tools, and portable instruments, theater clothing, jewels, and table plate (used) car-
ried by travelers in their luggage in a quantity in proportion to their position, occu-
pation, and circumstances.
When travelers do not take their luggage with them, the clearing of the same may
be done by the conductors or persons authorized for that puri>ose, whenever it shall
be justified, in the judgment of the administration, that the object« are destined to
particular use.
2. Coral gathered by Spaniards and taken direct in a national ship, these facts
having been previously justified. ^
3. Fine arts works executed by Spaniards abroad, and those which mav be acquired
by the government, academies, or other official corporations, intended for museums,
galleries, or studios, in cases in which these circumstances shall be proved.
4. Archaeology and numismatic obiect« (medals and coins), iDtenaed for public mu-
seums, academies, scientific and artistic corporations, their destination having been
previously justified.
5. The director-general of customs will give the necessary orders for the free impor-
tation of rosaries, sanctuary and other similar objects, which may be introduced by
the general administration of the pious work ('*Obra pia") of Jerusalem.
6. Objects and collections of minerals, of botanical and zoology; and models in
small pieces for public museums and educational institutions, acaidemies, and scien-
tific and artistic corporations, their destination having been previously Justified.
NOTB. — If the re^ilations in each case are not complied with, or if the examination
is not entirely satisfactory, the exemption will be considered as annulled, and the
customs will impose the corresponding duties.
Disposition Third.
Articles free of duty after the formalities provided by the customs reguUitions shall have heeit
complied with,
1. Casks, wooden, hooped, and other ''en vases'' for exportation of national mer-
chandise.
2. Casks, sacks, and larjo^ casks hooped with metal imported with merohandifle
which does not include said (''envases") in payment of duties, and when the same
may have to 1>e exported.
3. Carriages, trained animalB,*portable theaters, panoramas, w ax figures, and other
similar objects for public performances, which may be temporaiily imported and which
may depart from the kingdom.
4. Furniture used by persons residing in the provinces of Ultramar, and in the
Canary Islands, b^ Spaniards residing abroad, and by foreigners who may come to
settle themselves in Spain.
5. Furniture, luggage, and effects of the diplomatic corps.
6. Foreign article's coming to Spanish exhibitions.
7. Submarine telegraph cables.
H. Cereals in sheaves or ears, hayj straw, and grasses which may be imported
through the frontier of nations with which Spain may have treaties of commerce.
9. Samples which may not be free of duty according to the 1st disposition, an<l
which mav be imported by manufacturers, tradesmen or commercial travelers of the
nations with which Spain may have commercial treaties.
* The word *' envMM " will freqnentlv occar. It eignlfleii th« package in which the snbataoce is con-
tained, as. for example, the bottle for liqnida, dmn, medicinea, winea, apirita, See. ; the tin oaae for
aach articlea aa aardinea, fmlts, biacnita, See. ; the inner packinga of damageable artidea, to the exclu-
sion of the wooden oaae, box, caak, or barrel.
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
147
Disposition Fouuth.
Upon the payment of duty on merchandise not mentioned in the tariff,
1. SpaD goods ("hiladoa") composed of two or more textile materials will be ap-
prAised according to the item of the material ]>ayiug highest duty.
2. Textarc in which the threads run lengthwise, wheiher ihey form the base or
whether they may have been atlded with the object ot forming the patterns or to givo
it greater thick ness, althoagh the threads may be cut or not^ shall be considered as
warp. Threads which may form the width of the texture and which may form the
pattern or which may increase its thickness bhull be considerfd as weft.
3. Textures composed of cotton warp and weft of any other vegetable material, or
rice trr^aj shall pay according to the items of group [\ of the tifth chiss tu which they
may belong, according to their class. '
4. Textures which have the warp entirely composed of cotton threads, and the
weft also entirely composed of woolen threads or of woolen threads mixed with cottou
tbrvailH, whatever may be the proportion of the mixture in the welt, shall be con-
sidered as textures of wool mixed with cotton.
5. Textures composed of threads of three different materials shall pay as follows :
Warp or wefL
Weft or warp.
Cotton thread i Flax or hemp threads and other
vegetal fibers.
Threads of vegetal fibers and wool
or hair.
Threads of vegetal fibers and silk.
Threads of vegetal fibers.
Do
Do.
Tkreads of wool or hair . . .
Do
Do
Thre«daofsilk
Do
Threads of flax and hemp .
Threads of vegetal fibers
aad wool or hair.
Do
Threads of wool and silk
Threads of two or more vegetal
fibers.
Threads of vegetal fibers, wool, or
hair.
Threads of vegetal fibers and silk. .
Threads of different vegetal fibers .
Threads of vegetal fibers, wool, or
hair.
Threads of flax, hemp, and other
vegetal materials.
Threads of vegetal fibers and silk
Threads of vegetal wool and silk..
Shall be considered
Textures of fiax or hemp.
Textures of vegetal fibers mixed with
wool.
Textu res of vegetal fibers mixed with
ttUk.
D<».
Tex Cures of vegetal fibers mixed with
wool.
Textures of wool.
Textures of wool mixed with silk.
Textures of vegetal fibers mixed with
silk.
Textui-es of silk mixed with wool.
Textures of flax or hemp.
Textures of wool mixed with silk.
Do.
6^ When in the mixed part (warp or weft) the threads of the material which may
y the hijshest duties shall not exceed 10 per cent, of the total weight of the texture ;
id threads shall not be taken into account for the payment of duties, but will pay
as if it were a texture mixed with other materials.
7. Tulles will pay duty on the material of which the foundation (''fondo") is com-
and when there is a mixture in the foundation, duty shall be paid on the pre-
ponderating material.
8. Shawls with fringes ('^pafiuelos con flecos") will pay, including their weight,
aecording to their class, **partida,'' the texture may belong.
9. Cloths embroidered by handor machinery out of the loom and those mixed with line
metals or of imitation, whether embroidered or not, shall pay the duty corresponding
to their class, and an additional charge of 30 per cent, on the same. This additional
charge shall be 50 per cent, for articles of nations which have no commercial treaty
with Spain.
10. Clothing ready-made, including linen articles, whether completely finished or
merely basted, shall pay on their total weight the duty on the cloth of which the
exterior part of the article is composed, and an additional charge of 30 per cent, on
the same. Should the clothing be embroidered, said additional charge shall be com-
peted upon the duty for embroidered cloth. Said additional duty shall be 50 per cent.
for articles coming from nations which have no commercial treaty with Spain, exact-
iog, when the clothing is embroidered, the duty corresponding to embroidered cloth.
Knit textures are exempt from the above- mentionea additional duty and will be
appraised accordinjp; to their respective tariffs without any increase.
11. Wreck remams f '*despojes'') of foreign vessels which may have been wrecked
on the Spaniah coast shall pay H per cent, on their value, realized at public auction,
Boder the formalities prescribed in the regulations.
14S TABIFF8 OP THE SEVERAX, COUNTRIES.
DisPOSiTioK Fifth.
Packings {**Etiv<ises y empaques").
By '* en vase exterior'' shall be iiuderstood that which is visible when the package
(" bnlto") is unopened ; every inclosure contained therein is an *' envoee interior."
Articles whose daty is fixed by weight — oils and greases (except wax), honeys,
meats, fish, tripe in brine, machinery^ drugs and chemical productions — shall pay on
the gross weight when they are contained in a single packing {** envase'').
If any of these articles should come in one or more packings (" cnvase*'), or in packets
contained in the outside packet ("envase extorior"), only the weight of the mer-
chandise of the inside packings or packets shall be included.
All other merchandise shall pay duty also on p.iper wrappings, ribbons, packets or
inside packing (^'envases interiores"), provided always that they are not **cajasor
cstuches*' (fancy boxes, &c.), assessed separately.
Caps or capsules for f rearms, hooks and eyes, pins, metal eyelet-holes, metallic
l)en8, games, and toys, instruments of science and art, and other similar objects, which
pay also on the interior, fancy boxes (^'cajas 6 estuchos interiores") containing them,
and with which they are generally sold, at retail.
Chiue8e silk handkerchiefs which pay according to their net weight, without in-
cluding ihe paper in which they come wrapped nor those placed in the foldings.
The *'envase8" lor alkaloids and their salts, those for brandy, liquors, beer, cider,
and wines, shall be assessed separately, according to their respective materials. Bot-
1 ies in which sparkling wine is imported from nations which have commercial treaties
with Spam excepted, are and are exempt from duty ; also the casks for other wines of
Ihe same nations are exempt from duty.
Hollers, deal and card-boards (including those metalized), on which fabrics are
Avrapped, oil-cloths, laces, ribbons, &o., (^' passamaneria ''), shall be deducted from the
weight of those articles.
Casks, barrels, and large metal vessels shall pay the duty which corresponds to their
class, except when they contain merchandise which pay on the gross weight.
Sacks, introduced as serving, for *'envases'' shall pa^ 10 centimes of peseta each,
except in cases where the merchandise contained therem shall pay acconung to groaa
weight.
Disposition Sixth.
Taret.
From the gross weight of the merchandise below mentioned the following per cent,
shall be discounted on account of tares :
Per c«Dt.
Cocoa and palm oil in barrels 20
Steel in boxes 10
Indigo :
In boxes 15
In seroons 10
Sugar in boxes and hogsheads 14
Cinnamon :
In boxes -• 20
In bags 8
Phosphorus :
In tin boxes 30
In tin boxes packed in others of wood 50
Hadder dye ("grancina") in casks 20
Thread in packages or bundles 3
Tin sheets in boxes- 10
Earthenware, porcelain, and fine clay:
In boxes or casks 30
In baskets 16
Gypsum, smoking-pipes in casks 30
Glass and crystal, nitched or plain, silvered or unsilvered:
In boxes^ or casks 40
In baskets and plain glass for glass windows in a single box 20
I^OTB. — The glass and crystal contained in wooden cases is not subject to the above-
mentioned tare.
Special tares.
Sugar in sacks (''bayones'' *), for each sac, 750 grams.
Percent.
Liebig extract of meat in boxes 70
Cotton and flax thread on wooden spools, for the spools only ^ 30
* ** Bayones," aaekt made (nfpalm Uave*»
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEEAL COUNTRIES.
149
Pci* cent.
Silk threads and floss with silk on wooden spools, for the spools only 45
Laces, ribboDS, &c., for the inside frames of wood, card-bourd, or similar mate-
rials, except the textiles, ofi* the net weight of the articles IQ
Periuiuery , for all ** en vases " and inside packings 25
Note. — Soaps which pay on the "en vases interior" are excepted.
Disposition Seventh.
Beimp<n'tation of vaiional articles.
Merchandise, frnits, and national effects which may be exported abroad and returned
to the Peninsula and Balearic Islands shall be considered as foreign, and shall be sub-
ject to the payment of duties named in the tariff. The following articles which will
oe admitted free of duty are excepted :
1. Paintings that are' works of fine art, when they shall have been exported with
the customs invoice, and when on their return the number of that document is quoted
or the duplicate of the same is produced in order to make the due comparisons.
2. Books, provided always that the number of copies, the title of the book, and name
of the printer are stated in the invoice.
3. Copper coins, returned from abroad or from the provinces of Ultramar, if on
eiunination made in the mint of Madrid it is found to be Spanish coined Ccn&o")^
legitimate and in circulation, the customs shall send samples of the copper coin to
tbe General Direction for said examination, suspending its clearance until the proper
ranlt of the examination shall have been received.
Tbe following national articles shall also be admitted free of duty, after the rules
establiihed in tne customs regulations shall have been complied with :
1. Wines and "envasea"
2. Carriages, saddle horses Ccaballerias''), and other animals Cganados") which
my leave by land and which may be imported in the same manner.
3. Articles returned from foreign exhibitions.
4. Wrecks and remains of vessels wrecked abroad.
5. Staves and ores from the Irati Mountains and Roncal Valley in the province of
Kavarre, which may pass in transit through France.
6. Iron ores conveyed by the Bidasoa Kiver to be reimported in transit through
France.
7. Merchandise which may pass in transit through Portugal, in accordance with
tbe regnlation approved by royal decree of 7th February, 1877.
Disposition Eighth.
Cifmmerce with the provinces of Ultramar,
In conformity with the law 30th of June, 188*2, commerce from tbe ports of tho
provinces of Cuba, Porto Rico, and Philippines, to those of the Peninsula and Baleario
l&Iands shall be subject, in regard to shipping and recei)tion of merchandise, to the
same formalities as those established by the customs regulations for the commerce
between the ports of the peninsular provinces.
The products of Cuba, Porto Rico, and Philippines shall be admitted free of duty
into Tbe Peninsula and Baleario Islands, tobacco excepted, which shall be subject to
the legislation in force, and brandy, sugar, cocoa, chocolate, and coffee will pay tho
duties fixed by paid law.
Those duties which have to be abolished on 1st July, 1892, au<l reduced by a tenth
part yearly until their extinction, will be collected, each economic year in the follow-
ing form :
Merchandiae product of and proceeding from Cuba and Porto Rico.
Time of redaction.
J»« Jnly 1. M82, to Jnly 1, 1883
£""« Joly 1, 1883, to July 1, 1884
jTOiD Jul J 1, 1884, to Jnly 1, 1885
From Jnly 1, 1885, to July 1. 1888
™n July 1, 1888, to Julv 1, 1887
Jn* Jnly l, 1887, to July 1, 1888
J^n Jnly 1, 188K, to July 1, 1889
Fron July 1, 1880. to July 1, 1890
JreiB JoJy 1, 1890. to July 1, 1891
™» Jaly 1. 1891, to July 1, 1892
"«»Juiyl, 1892
•
«
A
** .•
S.S
>^
•C®
P
e
n
PesetoM.
10 00
9 00
8 00
7 00
0 00
5 00
4 00
3 00
2 00
1 00
Free
Pesetat.
25 00
22 50
20 00
17 50
15 00
12 50
10 00
7
5
2
50
00
50
Free
Petetat.
20 00
18 00
10 00
14 00
12 00
10 00
8 00
0 00
4 00
2 00
Free
Pesetas.
12 00
10 80
0 60
8 40
7 20
0 00
4 50
3 60
2 40
1 20
Free
Peseloi.
5 50
4
4
3
3
OS
40
85
30
2 75
2 20
65
10
55
Free
I
1
i
150 TARIFFS OF THE 8EVEFAL COUNTRIES.
When the preceding articles are the product of and proceed from the Philippines,
they shall only pay the fifth part of the dntics fixed for those of Cuba and Porto Rico,
The attestation ("coniprobacion") of the number of the sugars, both of **tren co-
niuu'' and '' ceutrifncados/' shall be ujade in the customs by the mere comparison of
the color of the samples taken at the time of clearance with the official standard No.
14 of the Holland scale.
Transitory or temporary duii/.
Sugar of all kinds, the products of and proceeding from the Spanish provinces of
Ultramar, will pay the trau^itoryor temporary duty of 8 pesetas and 50 centimes per
100 kilograms fixed by article 14 of the law of budgets of 1878-79.
There shall be also exacted the transitory or temporary duty provided for by article
1^ of the luW of budgets of 1876-77 on cocoa, coffee, and brandy of the same provinces,
in the following form :
Cocoa, per lUO kilograms, 16 pesetas; coffee, per 100 kilograms, 27 pesetas; and
brandy, for each hectoliter, 3 pesetas, 75 centimes.
Municipal tax.
As provided in article 25 of the law of budgets of 1878-79, with reference to article
43, that of July 11, 1877, there shall be collected as a municipal tax a sum equal to
the transitory or temporary tax for sugar, cocoa, and cofiee of the provinces of
Ultramar.
Disposition Ninth.
free ports.
Canary Islands.
The only ports of these islands which may trade with those of the Peninsnla are
those of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Orotava, Ciudad del Real de las Palmas Sta. Cruz
de la Palma, Arrecife de Lanzarote, Puerto de Cabras, San Sebastian, and Valverde.
The following products of these islands will be admitted free of duty :
Oil of tartago (**tartago*').
Almonds.
Lupines (altrarauces).
French beans (alubias).
Mineral soda (barrilla).
Chestnuts (cast anas).
Barley (cebada).
Onions (ceboUas).
Rye (centeno).
Cochineal (cochiuilla).
Sweetmeats (dulces).
Straw (for hats).
Fruits.
Peas (garbanzos).
Seeds (semiUas).
Indian com (maiz).
Dyes (orchilla).
I*otatoes.
Fish (pescado).
Filtering stones (piedras de filtro).
Stones for paving (losetas).
Silk in cocoon or pod, raw and worked.
Wheat.
Wine.
Goods, fruits, and effects introduced into the Canary Islands, proceeding from the
PeniiiHuIa, shall lose their nationality and be considered as foreign ones, if they are
returned to the Peninsnla as unsalable or for other causes.
Merchandise, the product of and proceeding from the Spanish provinces of Ultra-
mar, which may touch at Canaries shall preserve its nationality on its introduction
into the Peninsula, the said ports being considered as deposits, but it must be included,
in the certiticates (** documentacion ") determined by the customs regulations.
CeutOf Mtlilla Alhucemasy Penon de la Gomera, and Cha/arinaa Islands,
Goods, fruits, and effects, whatever may be their origin, proceeding from the above
mentioned ports and introduced into the Peninsula and Balearic Islands, shall be con-
sidered as foreign, and will pay the duties of this tariff*.
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
151
Fish, the prodnct of and proceeding from the tnnny fisheries (*' almadrahas '') of
Cenfa, Melilla, and Chafarinas Islands, will he admitted free of duty, snhject to the
formalities cst-ahlished in the regulations.
Ammunitions of war and military effects, proceeding from all the free ports, wheu
tbey come accompanied by the pass (" permit") or guide ("gnia") of the correspond-
ing commissary of war or chief of the military corps to which they may belong, will
l»e admitted free of duty.
Disposition Tenth.
Commerce icith Fernando Pa and its dependencies.
Merchandise which maybe the prodnct of and which may proceed directly fVom the
Spanish islands of Fernando Pu and its dependencies, Annobon, Corisco, Elobey, and
Cape of St. Juan, shall not pay any duty on their introduction into the Peninsula and
Balearic Islands, as the trade will be considered as coasting trade.
All the products of the western coast of Africa brought to Fernando Po and its de-
pt-udencies, and thence conducted directly to the Peuinsula and Balearic Islands, shall
pay three-fifths of the duties assigned in the- tariff, always provided that they are ao-
eompanied by the documents required by the customs regulations.
Disposition Eleventh.
Direct importation.
It will be understood for tariff purposes that direct navigation shall be when ships
ivhich may have been loaded witn merchandise in non* European ports may conduct
the same to thoae of its destination in the Peninsula or Balearic Islands without tonch-
iug at any foreign port during the voyage.
Merchandise imali enjoy the benefits ofdirect " procedencia '^ in the following cases :
1. When V€H«el8 loaded with the same may enter foreign ports, through stress of
weather or to receive orders, without loading or unloading.
2. Whenever the vessels, through damage or an unavoidable sea accident, may be
obliged to transship the merchandise to other vessels to be taken to it^ destination.
3. Producta of the Philippine Islands which, being accompanied with the certificate
of origin and of embarkation for the Peninsula, may have been transshipped during
the voyage, but without unloading in an^ foreign port.
4. The same Philippine products with like certificates, although the vessels carrying
the same may touch at other ports of India and China to complete their cargo.
5. Vessels which, carrying producta of the provinces of Ultramar, may enter foreign
ports of America to complete their car^o.
Notks. — The certificates of nationality of merchandise and of its shipment shall be
made on the presentation of the invoices certified to by the customs of Ultramar.
Damaged merchandise through stress of weather, transshipments to other vessels
in foreign ports, shall be justitied by certificates of the respective Spanish consuls.
The customs shall verify the fact of direct importation Cprocedencia'') by the ex-
amination of the documents of navigation.
Disposition Twelfth.
Trade with nations which have celebrated treaties u%th Spain,
In compliance with article 4 of the law of 6th July, 1882, the reduced duties which
may result from the application of the first of the three reductions provided by the
«aid law, and which are fixed in the second column of this tariff, shall only be applied
to the merchandise which may be produced and proceed from nations which have
treaties of commerce with Spain. These are —
Nations.
Date of
treaty.
Genuany ^.
Deomark
Gmece
Italy
Xetberlanda and ooloniea
Portuji^
Russia
Sweden and Norway
Switzerland
Turkey
B<*lsitim
Aunt ria- nonary
Anam
France and Algeria
Mar. 30,
Sept 8,
Aug. 21,
Feb. 22,
Nov. 18,
Deo. 20,
Feb. 23,
Feb. 28,
Aug. 27,
Mar. 13,
May 4,
Juno 3,
Feb. 27,
Feb. e,
Date of ter-
mination.
1868
1872
1875,
1870 ,
1871 ;
1872 '
1876
1871 I
1869
1862
1878
1886
1680
1882
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
May
Apr.
Sept
Fob.
4,
14
2«
1
1882
1882
1882
1882
1882
1882
1882
1882
1882
18H2
1884
18K7
1890
1892
152 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
China, United Stages of Colombia, Japan, Morocco, Parapnay, Persia, Pern, Siam,
and the Hawaiian Islands, in virtne of other treaties, will enjoy the treatment of the
uioMt favored nation.
The duties named in the first column of the tariff will be exacted on merchandise
proceeding from other nations.
The duties of a nation which may have a treaty of commerce with Spain shall be
applied without any condition to all merchandise which is not specially indicated in
the tariff, and which may proceed directly from a nation having such treaty, provided
always that on the verifications made of said merchandise when it is dispatche<l it is
ascertained that it is not the product of a nation having snch treaty.
For the merchandise marked with letter "C" in the margin of the tariff there shall
be exacted from the importer, in order to prove the nationality of the same, a certifi-
cate of origin made out in conformity with the following rules:
Rule 1. The certiticate of origin which the importer must present at the time of
clearance shall consist of an official declaration made by the producer or manufacturer
or person authorized by him, before the local authoiity of the place of production or
of deposit, that the goods referred to in the certiticate are from his manufactures or a
product of his industry; the respective Spanihh consuls shall legalize, without duties
or expenses, the signatures of said authorities.
Rule 2, The certiticate shall express the number^ marks, numeration, and gross
weight of the packageH; and in regard to the merchandise therein contained, its ma-
terial and claf*s; with regard to tnreads (*'hilados'') and textiles it will be clearly
expressed whether they are of cotton, hemp, or flax, wool or silk, or mixed with those
materials.
Rule 3. Certificates of origin of the products of China and Japan, specially des-
tined to Spain, shall be written in Spanish at the Spanish consulates iu those empires,
with the vis^ of the consul; and the vessels carrying the merchandise may transship
it to other vessels without losing the benefits of the most-favored-nation clause, pro-
vided always that the transshipment is justified.
Rule 4. Merchandise of a country which may have a treaty of commerce with Spain,
destined to Spain, accompanied by the conysponding certiticate of origin, and which
may pass in transit through another countr^^ having such a treaty, will not be required
to justify the transit; but when the transit takes place through a nation having no
treaty of commerce, it must be so stated by a special certificate issued by the consul
of Spain or by the respective foreign customs officials.
Rule 5. The certificates may be written in Spanish or in French. When they aro
written in any other language, they will be translated into Spanish (as the merchant)
may select) by official interpreters, ship-brokers, interpreters, commercial brokers^
boards of agriculture, industry, and commerce of the locality, or by the consuls ot
the nations having treaties of commerce with Spain to which the merchandise way
belong.
ROle 6. When the merchants receive the certificates without the requisites above
set forth the> may return th'era before the clearance, in order that the formalities
oiuitted may be supplied, making use in the mean time of the plane of storage granted
the customs regulations, with the understanding that on applying for the clearance of
the merchandise accompanied by certificat>es of origin, this document shall be consid-
ered as definitely admitted.
Rule 7. If at the time of examinatiou the corresponding certificates are not pre-
sented, and if presented they should not contain all the requisites, or they should
not agree with all the merchandise referred to, they shall be nnll, and the duties fixed
for nations which have no treaty of commerce with Spain shall be exacted.
Rule a. The merchandise and effects iu small quantities which traveleis may bring
in their baggage, proceeding from nations which have a treaty of commerce with
Spain, will not require certificates of origin in order to enjoy the lowest duties estab-
lished for said nations; but if on examination it is found that the effects and mer-
chandise are the industrial product of countries having no treaty of commerce with
Spain, the duties fixed in the first column of the tariff shall be exacted.
Rule 9. The minister of finances (hacienda) may at all times, when deemed proper,,
make exceptions in the requirements of a certificate of origin for merchandise marked
letter **C" in the tariff.
Disposition Thirteenth.
Premiums and drawbacks.
Exporters in the Peninsula of refined sugar shall have the option between the pay-
ment of a premium of 57 pesetas 39 centimes per each 100 kilograms of sugar which
they may export, assignecl by the law of 17th July, 1849, and the decree of r2th July,
lti69, or the return (drawback) to them of the customs and consumption duties col-
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 15^
looted as transitory and additional municipal charge; provided always that the ree-
ulations in regard to the same, in accordance Tvith the law of 22d June, 1^, shall
bave been complied with.
In order th.tt the return (drawback), in case it shouVl be preferred, maj' be author-
ized while its value may exceed the premium of 17 pesetas 39 centimes above men-
tioned, the exporters shall have to previously prove, through the means which the '
administration may have established or shall establish, that the retined sugar which
is exported proceeds from sugar No. 14 inclusive, or iuferior thereto, or from honey,
tbe product of, and pruceedinj; from, one or more of the Spanish provinces of Ultra-
mar.
In no case and for no reason shall the premium and the return duties (drawbacks)
be made at one and the same time. <
A premium of 40 pesetas will be allowed to the constructors of national vessels for
each ton (2.b3 cubic meters) which the vessels constructed may measure, the formal-
ities established having previously been complied with (law of 25th June, 1880).
The tariff duties which may have been paid by constructors or repairers of vessels
and marine machinery, on materials of any kind imported from abroad for the con-
Btmction, cleaning, and repairing of iron or wooden vessels, shall be returned ; also
for worked material necessary for armament, and for material necessary for the cou-
atmction and repair of engines and boilers of steam naval vessels, whatever may be
the 8y8t«m and force of such apparatus.
In order to return the duties, the weight and bulk of the materials or effects shall
be appraised (as expressed in the tariff) by the weight or bulk of the work when fin-
ished, so that that part of the duties corresponding to the waste ^mermas'') and re-
mainder ("desechos^') of said materials or effects resulting from the construction or
transformation when applied to said works may be credited to the treasury (decree
law 22d November, 1868).
In order to effect the return of the duties, the rules of instruction at present ii^
force must be previously complied with.
Disposition- Fourteenth.
Prohibited articles of importation.
1. Arms of war,* projectiles, and ammunition, except by permission of the Gov-
ernment.
2. Reproduction of hydrographic charts published by the marine (navy department)..
3. Catapults or cnlverins (''cerbatanas''), air-guns.
4. Books and printed matter in Spanish iu cases prescribed by law of copyright.
5. Maps and charts by Spanish authors in conformity with the same law.
6. Misiials, breviaries, aud other liturgical books of the Romau Catholic Church.
7. Moorish ("ochavos") coin.
H. Pictures, figures, and all other objects offensive to morality.
9. Pharmaceutical preparations or secret remedies of unknown composition.
10. Rosaries and other religious objects from holy places, introduced for commerce
and private use.
11. Tobacco, in the form and cases, specified iu the rules of [government] monopoly
** e«tanco."
12. Articles and objects, the entry of which may be prohibited by other ministries-
to avoid injury to the public health or damage to agriculture.
Note. — The importation at the present time of the following articles is prohibited :
1. Roots, shoots, graftings, all the residue of the vine, such as trunks, roots, leaves,
and anything which may have served for its cultivation, although imported as wood
or combustible, and all kinds of trees, shrubs, aud live plants, with the exception of
those dissected and properly prepared herbs.
2. Potatoes, their leaves, shoots, sprouts, and cuttings, and the sacks or packages
(*' envases") in which they may be brought from any part of America and Holland.
3. Lard in an untried state proceeding from the United States of America.
NOTICE.
1. Tbe items of merchandise for which is exacted a certificate of origin (or its equiv-
alent), in order to show that it is the product of a nation having a treaty of com-
merce with Spain, are marked with the letter o.
2. Items of the tariff whose present duties are extraordinary are marked with the
letter e.
3. Items marked with an asterisk [*] pay duty according to weight.
* Pistols, reTolven, Kuns, and carbines which exceed 7 millimeters shall be ooneidered as arms of war..
154
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Tariff for the exaoiion of duties on foreign merchandise introdttoed into the Peninsula and
Balearic Islands,
0
5^5
e2
€9
^4
'6
-8
^9
«10
il2
Articles.
Class 1.— Stones, earthy mnttere, minerals, crystalwares,
and productions of pottery {''productos ceramico**').
Gboup 1. — Stonefi and earthy prodactioos employed in
construction, arts, and industry:
Marbles. Jaspers, and alabaster in the rough, or in
dressed pieces, squared, and prepared for
taking tne form.
Marbles of all cksses, cut into blocks, tables, or steps,
of any dimensions, polished or not.
Marbles wnrkrd np or chiseled, in all classes of ob-
jects, politdied or not.
Other stones and earthy substances employed in
bnUdings, arts, and industry. .
Group 2.->Mineral coal :
Mineral coals and cuke (1)
Group 8.— Schist, bitaminons matter ("betunes"), and
their products:
Tar, pitch (breas), a.«phalt, bitumen, schist^ and
crude oils, derived from the same.
(1) NoTK.^Tbe mineral coal and coke shall be cleared
acoordins to weight expressed in a certificate which the
consul of Spain at the port of Hhipment will give to the
captain of the ship bringing it, in which shall be set
forth the qnantitv received on board, according t« the
charter-party anti the bills of lading, the presentation
of which shall be required for that purpose. In cases
of doubt the cmttoms may make the necessary compro-
bation. Article 20 of the' law of budgets, of 11th July,
1877, fixed tho duty on mineral coals at 2 pesetas 50
centimes.
(2) NOTB.— Crude oils derived trom schists shall be
understood to he those derived by the first distillation
of the same, distinguishable by their yellowish color
and density of 0.000 to 0.020 grades, or from 56^ to 57| of
the aerometer centesimal equivalent to 24.60 to 21.48 of
Cartier grades.
Crude, natural, petroleums (3).
Law of budgets*. 1878-70:
Extraordinary duty
Transitory duty
(8) Note.— Crude, natural, petroleums are those which
have a dark-greenish color, pronounced smell, devoid
of clearness (ti-ansp iieucia), and contain essential oils
which volatilize or dissolve at a temperature inferior to
60° centigrade, and leave by distillation 2J0<> centigrade
a residuum; samples shall be sent to the general direc-
tion of all the pt-troleum cleared.
Petroleums and other mineral oils, refined (4), and
benzine.
(4) NOTK.— All mineral oils which do not unit« the
properties set forth in the two anterior notes shall be
cousidercd as refined nils.
Law of budgets of 1878-70:
Extraordinary duty
Transitory duty
Group 4.— Minerals:
Mineral ores
Groups. — Glass and glassware:
All sor-trt of glassware, common or ordinary (5)
(5) NOTB. — Bottles, dem^ohns, and flasks, for holding
oils, wines, drugs, peifumery, aud chemical products,
provided they are not raised or embossed, shall be con*
sideied as included in this item.
Glass, aud imitation glassware, although it be gilded
or silvered inside (6).
(6) Note. — Bottles, glasses, cups, and other objects
for table service, lighting, and ornaments, whether of
crystal or white or colored glass, shall bo iucluded in
this item.
"Window and sheet glass
Unit
100 kilograms.
... do
..do
..do
Ton of 1,000
kilograms.
100 kilograms.
.do
.do
..do
do
.do
Ton of 1,000
kilograms.
•
100 kilograms.
...do
.do
Duties for the
tiona.
Without
treaty.
Pesetas. Pesetas
With
87
8.76
aoo
0«
2.50
41
&84
8.76
6.50
17.25
3.75
0.25
8.00
45.00
87
8.10
7.35
06
2.50
41
&84
3.75
3.80
17.25
3.75
0.26
6.50
84.66
17.50
16w04
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES,
155
Tariff of the Peninsula and Balearic lalanda—Contmnod.
®-5
«13
*14
15
««10
«17
18
10
€18
«21
«22
«23
«24
««25
e026
«e27
e028
20
030
«e31
82
0 33
034
Clabs I— Continaed.
6sO(7P 5— Con tinned.
Glasa, silvered (as mirrors, looking-glasses, &c.),
and glass for spectacles. waU:hos, and flocks.
Group 6.— Clay worked np ("losa," •porcelaDa"), Sec. :
Clay in tiles, bricks, pnd roof -tile (^* t4>Jas "), for con-
stmction of edifices, ovens. Sec. (7).
(7) Note.— In the application of this item it must be
borne in mind tbat it only indndes bricks, floor and
roof tiles, or clay in the rongh, which are to bo employed
in the constmction of walls, ovens, Sec.
Clay in tiles, larj^e and small, for floorings, colored
and varnished tiles nnd pipes (8>.
(8) KOTR.—This includes tiles for flooiings, mosaic,
as well as the above-mentioned objects, which are used
for bnildings. varnished, painted, enameled, made with
washed or sifted oltiv.
All sorts of table earthenware plates, cups (*']oza
depedemsd"). andofflneclay, such as water-
bottles. &,o. (0).
(0) Note.— The objects of fine clay included in this
item are those for taole nse, such as flower-pota, orna-
ments, and kitchen service ("vajiha*')*
Porcelain
Class Jl.—Metal8, andaU manvfaetures in vfhieh metal
entert as a principal element.
Gbouf l.^Gold. silver, and platinnm :
Gold in C'alhajiis") Jewelry or ornaments (10), in-
olnding those with precious stones or
pearls,(r2).
(10) NoTB. — In the classification of Jewelry or orna-
ments all small objects of luxury, valuable on account
of workmanship and generally intended for ornament
of persons of both sexes, will be includeiL
(12) NoTR.~In the dispatch of finished objects, in-
oludlng objects of Jewelry ("Joyeria") of gold, silver,
or platinnm, where mastic is used, a reasonable allow-
ance will be made for the tare, owing to said mastic.
Silver in Jewelry or ornaments (see Note 10), includ-
ing those with precious stones and pearls
(see Note 12).
Gold, silver, platinum worked into other objects (11),
(se«) Note 12).
(11) Note.— In the classification of " v^jilla " will be
included utensils for domestic use, objects for church
service, and in general all largo pieces used for the orna-
mentation of apartments.
Group 2— Iron and steel:
Cast iron :
In ingots, and old castings
In pipes, of all classes
In ordinary manufactures 1
In fine manufactures, i e., those polished or
forbished with coating of porcelain, or orna-
ments of other metals.
Forged iron and steel rails
Iron and steel sheets, from 6 millimeters inclusive,
thickness and rivets.
Iron and steel, in bars of any shape, in sheets up to
6 millimeters thickness, t ho axles, axle-trees,
plates, and springs for carriages nnd tires or
hoops ("flejes").
Iron and steel in large pieces, composed of bars and
Elates, with rivets, for the construction of
nildings, Sec.
Iron wire
Iron wire in nails and screws, although they may
have brass heads.
Iron pipers
Iron in metallic cloth (rouph)
Iron in manufactures of all classes, not expressly
tarifibd. although they may have a coat of
porcelain and a part of other metals and
pipes covered witn brass plate.
Iron ana steel in uBelcae objects
Unit
Duties for the na-
tions.
100 kilograms.
...do
....do
do
do
Hectogram
...do
...do
100 kilograms.
do ;
do
...do
.. do
do
.do
do
.do
do
do
.do
Without
treaty.
Peaeta*.
80.00
06
1.50
87.50
62.60
2&00
8.60
2.80
With
treaty.
Peeetae,
00.84
06
.do
\
2.50
4.70
7.50
17.50
&00
0.00
13.00
16.00
8.00
20.00
13.00
16.00
24.00
b.(M
1.50
2&58
87.60
25.00
8.50
2.60
2.00
3.50
6.10
11.80
4.55
6.70
&65
11.25
6.55
14.85
&50
15.00
10.84
^Vi
156
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Tariff of the Peniniula and Balearic lelandi— Continued.
i
1i
Articles.
Unit.
Duties for the na-
tions.
0
Without
treaty.
\ With
treaty.
e «35
Clam II— Continaed.
Gboup 2— Continued.
Tin, in sheets
100 kilograms.
do
Pesetas.
20.00
62. fO
3.00
LOO
2.25
2.05
5.00
12.50
22.50
50.00
7a 00
30.00
60.00
10. CO
125.00
250.00
12.50
6.00
15.00
26.00
Pesetas.
13.85
«36
Tin, worked (**labnuio")
50.95
88
Needles, pens, pieces for watches, and other similar
objects of iron or steeL
Knives, carvinfT-knives <" navajas "),and pen-knives,
of iron or ste<*L
Scissors, for sewins '.
Kilogram
....do
3.00
1.00
39
do
2.25
40
Swords ("armasbuncas"). and pieces for the same..
do
2.05
«41
Fire-arms and cannons, and other pieces for the same.
(13) XoTB. — In order that pieces of fire-arms may pav
according to this article, they muat be finished ana pol-
ished on the outside.
Group 8.— Copper and its alloys:
Copper of nrst fusion and the old copper
do
4.60
42
100 kilograms.
. . ..do ......
11.75
048
Copper and brass, in bars and ingots, and old brass. .
Copper and brass, in sheets, and nails and copper wire
Copper and brass, in tubes, large pieces, partially
worked, SQch as the outside of "braseros,"
&.C., and bottoms of boilers.
Brass wire
1&60
e44
....do
33.15
e«45
....do
46.20
046
. ...do .........
20.60
e47
Metallic cloth, of copper or brass, unwoiked
....do
41.25
48
Bronse, un worked
....do
9.30
«49
Copper, bronz<>, 6r brass (worked), and all alloys of
common metal, in which copper forms part,
iu pieces of hardware, although they may be
varnished.
Said metals and alloys in gilt, silvered, or nickeled
objects.
Group 4.— The other metals:
Tin. in iniioi s
....do
86.68'
eSO
... do
21&7a
51
... do
10.55-
52
Zinc, in iusots, blocks, or cakes ("tortas")
.. ..do .........
5.00
• 58
Zinc, in sheets, nails and wire
. do
13.65
«54
Zinc, iu luaDufactnred objects, although they may
be vamishetl.
Duty which must be applied to nations which have
a commenial treaty, so long as the treaty
with France shall snbsist.
All the other metals and alloys not expressed in
sheets. blucUs, nnila, tiibes, &c.
Thesame worked up ("obrados"), whether varnished
or not.
The same metals, and zinc, in gilt, silvered or nick-
eled objects.
Class III. — Subgtancft employed in pharmncy, per-
fumery^ and chemical industries.
Group l.— Simple drugs:
Oil of coco and of nalms
...do
23.75
...do
23. 6»
*55
...do
L60
•
37.50
45.00
&00
8.00
20.00
.25
20.00
1.00
10.00
8.00
.10
45.00
7.80
.75
24.00
7.50
L60
56
do
16 60
57
do
45.00
58
.... do
(140
59
The other vegetable oils, except that of olive
Law of budgets of 187&-'79, extraordinarj- duty
Dyewoodsand tannery bark
Madder-root ("granza 6 rubria'')
Ben, flax, and other uleaginons »ce<l8
Other products of vegetal kingdom not expressed
in other items.
Products of the animal kingdom employed in med-
icines.
Group 2. — Colors, dyes, and varnishes:
Ochers and natural earths for paintinir
....do
6.00
*60
.. do
...do
20.00
.20
e61
...do
18.35
62
...do
.91
63
*64
do
.... do .*........
10.00
3.0O
66
....do
.10
66
IndijTo (14) and cochineal
....do
2L0O
67
(14) NOTB.— In accordance with the provisions of ar-
ticle 26, of law of budgets of 1878-79, indigo proceeding
direct from fon^ign countries which are not European,
shall pay 3 pesetas less on each 100 kilograms than the
duty named in this tariff.
Dveing extracts
. . . .do .........
5.75
«68
e69
70
Grancina, and its mixture with ground madder
Tarnishes
Colors, in powder or in lumps
Kilogram
100 kilograms.
....do
.65
18.00
4.80
(15) Note.— The colors included in this item are those
composed of a metallic base, which are used mixed
with oil. turpentine, and which are generally indis-
soluble in water, alcohol, or ether, rarely crystallized.
'
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
157
Tariff of the Peninsula and Balearic Islands — Coiitinued.
o .
d
JZ5
71
«;72
73
74
75
4 76
77
78
70
80
ei
82
«83
84
85
86
87
88
89
iK)
«01
<j2
03
04
«05
c96
•ce07
e08
eOO
aoo
^101
Articles.
CLAB68 III— Continued.
Oboup 2— Continued.
and almost always iu powder or lumps, such as white
lead, yellow ocher, vermilion, Prussian and Th6nard
hlue, and EnpliKli ffreen.
Colors, prepared, and (dyes) tints
Colors «*eiived from coal (bulla), and other artificial
colors (10).
(16) NoTK.— The colors included in this item are
tho.se called aitificial, i. e., orf^anic prodacis, in which
mineral substances rarely enter; they are generally crys-
tallizf d, dissoluble iu water, alcohol, or ether, and em-
ployed in paints, dyeing, and stamping, with or without
gold size, such aspiciio acid, "aldeida" green, English
violet, rosaline, anditssalfs, naphtha, colors, &o.
Group 3 —Chemical and pharmaceutical products:
Acid, muriatic or chloric
Acid, nitric
Acid, sulphuric
Alkaloids, and their salts
Alum
Sulphur
Banlla, natural and artificial
(17) NOTK.— Barilla, natural and artificial, are nnder-
Btood to be carbouatea of impure soda which contain
carbon.
Alkaline carbonates, oaastic alkalies, and ammo-
nlacal salts.
Cbl oride of lime
Chloride of potaMium, sulphate of soda, chloride,
carbonate, and sulphate of magnesia.
Chloride of sodium (common salt)
Glues and albumins
Phosphorous
Nitrate of potass (saltpeter)
Nitrate of soda
Oxide of lead
Sulphate and pjTolignite of iron ..
Pills, capsules, and the like (18) . .'
(18) Note.— The products or substances included in
this item shall be examined by the pharmaceutical In*
spectors, who will sign the declaratipns with the cus-
toms officers iu the following form : The goods cleared
are those expressed in the declaration and are (or are
not) admitted to importation by virtue of their formula
having been published (state where), or their composi-
tion having been discovered through analysis made by.
Pharmaceutical pnxlucts not specified (see Note 18) .
Chemical products not-specified
Gboup 4.— Various:
S^rch
f lecula, for industrial uses, dextrine and glucose
Soap, common
Pamtfine, stearino, wax. and whale sperm, in the
Iniikp.
Paraffine, stearine, wax, and whale sperm, in the
lump, manufactured.
Perfumery and essences
Gunpowder, explosive mixtures and fhsea "me-
chas,'* for mines.
Clam lY.—OoUon, and Ui manufactures.
Giu)tn> 1.— Baw cotton :
Raw cotton, ^ith or without seed (kepita) (10)
(10) Note.- In accordance with the provisions of ar-
ticle 25 of the law of budgets of 1878-'70, raw cotton
coming direct from foreign oountries, not European.
shiUl pay 1 peseta less on each 100 kilograms than the
duty named in this tariff.
Gkoup 2.— Spun cotton (" hilados") :
Cotton, spun and twisted in one or two threads,
white or co1ore<l, up to No. 35 inclusive (20).
Cotton from No. 36 and upwards
(20) Ncnt. — In order to ascertain the number accord-
ing to the English s^-stem (the system adopted in this
tariff) to which a piece of cotton oeloDgs^ any one nam*
(Tnit
100 kilograms.
Kilogram
100 kilograms
... do
do
Kilogram
100 £Uogram8.
...do .!
100 kilograms.
Duties for the na-
tions.
Without
treaty.
Pesetas.
25.60
2.50
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Kilogram
100 kilograma.
..do...
...do
...do
Kilogram
.do
.do
100 kilograma.
...do,..
...do
....do
...do
Kilogram
....do ....
100 kilograma.
Kilogram
.do
1.50
6.50
2.28
80.00
1.50
1.25
LOO
8.80
2.60
.50
8.25
12.00
.70
8.75
1.00
6.00
1.50
2.00
LOO
.10
10.00
2.00
18.75
26.00
60.00
2.00
.47
L60
L25
L75
With
treaty.
Pesetas.
24.00
LOO
\ \
L45
6.60
2.28
27.60
L15
.65
.80
2.90
2.00
.50
• 04»
12.00
.60
8.70
.66
4.60
L50
L85
.90
.10
0.15
2.00
15.80
2L0J
83.00
L73
.47
L20
.76
LOO
158
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Tariff of the Peninsula and Balearic Island* — Continued.
11
00102
0 0103
00104
00105
0 0106
00107
00108
0 0100
0 0110
0111
0112
0113
0 0114
00115
116
117
118
119
120
00121
0122
00128
00124
00125
0 0126
127
0128
0130
Articles.
Clabs IY— Continned.
Gboup 2— Continued.
ber of meters of cotlon may be taken, vhich number
will be maltiplied by the 'invariable factor 59 (tbis
being the nnmoer of centigmms which a meter of cloth
of one thread Na 1 will weigh). The product will then
be divided by the number of centigrams which the
meters of cotton may weigh; the quotient, multiplied
by the number of threads it may contain, will give the
corresponding English number, to which 7 per cent,
will be added if tbe cotton of more than one thread is
onlv twisted, and lu per cent, if twisted and colored.
Cotton from No 3U and upwards (see Note 20)
Cotton twisted iu three or more threads, raw, white,
or colored.
Obouf 3.— Woven textiles:
Textiles closely woven, raw, white, or dyed, in pieces,
or shawls, up to 25 threads, inclusive (21).
(21) KoTB.~The number of threads will be deter-
mined by half of the total of threads contained in a
square of 6 millimeters in the warp and weft of the
cloth, the counting to be done with the instrument
called "thread-counter."
Textiles At)m 26 threads and upwards (see Note 21) . .
Textiles, printed, and those crossed and worked in
the loom up to 25 threads, inclusive (see
Note 21).
Textiles from 26 threads and upwards (21), (see
Note 21).
Textiles, transput^nt, such as muslins, cambrics,
lawns, organdies, and gauze of any class.
(**Acolchados y nlqu6s ")• qoiltlngs piqn6
("Panas veludiilos"), corduroys, velveteens, and
other double textures, for wearing apparel.
Tulles
Lace, of any class, except that of crochet ("puntilU")
Knitted fabrics of crochet, made by hanu or in the
loom-
Enitted fabrics, in a piece (singlers), undershirt and
drawers.
Knitted fabrics, in stockings, socks, gloves, and
other objects.
CLAflS v.— Hemp, /lax, aloe C*pUa"), jute, and other veg-
eUMefbere, and their manu/acdurft.
Gboup 1.— "Raw en rama":
Hemp, raw and hackled
Flax, raw and hackled
Jute ("abaca"), aloe, and other vegetable fibers
Gboup 2.— Spun :
Hemp and flax spun into threads
Aloe, nbaca. Jute, and. other vegetable fibers spun
into threads.
Threads, twisted, of two or more threads
Rope and cordayce "Jarcia y cordcleria " (22)
(22) NOTB— Threads of flax, hemp, or Jute, twisted, of
two or more threads, lU meters or which weigh more
than 5 grams, will be considered as pack-thread and
will pay according to this item.
Guoup'a.—Woven textiles (23) :
(23) NOTB. — Textures of flax which must pay accord*
ing to the number of threads, only those of the warp in
the space of 6 millimeters will be counted.
Textiles of hemp or flax, with or without mixtures
of cotton, up to 10 threads, inclusive.
Same, from 11 to 24 threads, inclusive
Same,fW)m 2.5 threads upwards
Same, crossed or workea up
Lace ("encages")
Hosiery (t^^idos de punto)
Textiles, pudn, of Jute, abaca, aloe, or other vegetal
flbers. whether mixed or not with cotton.
Duty which must be applied to nations having treaty
of commerctf so long as the treaty with
France may remain in force.
Unit
Kilogram
. . . . do . . . . .
..do
...do
«..do
. . .do
...da
.do
.do
.do
, ..do
...do
...do
...do
Duties for theuA-
tions.
Without "With
treaty, treaty.
100 kilograms.
...do...
...do
.do
.do
.do
.do
KHogram
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Pesetas.
1.76
2.50
3.00
2.70
4.00
3.70
8.00
4.60
8.50
5.00
6.25
8.00
2.62
6.25
10.00
2.70
L05
27.60
7.80
122.60
20.80
1.26
Pesetas.
LOO
L75
L54
L74
2.40
2.40
2.24
2.10
2.40
4. IS
&.40
2.85
LOT
2.64
9.80
2.70
LOS
27.20
7.76
11L80
1&90
.87
2,60
2.16^
4.26
8.85.
2.00
L83
12.50
12. 60
6.00
4.6b.
.46
.4S
.46
.2S.
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
15«>
Tariff of ih/e Peninsula and Baleqrio Islands — Continned.
i
I''
Articles.
Unit.
Doty for the na-
tions.
Without
treaty.
With
treaty.
• 130
181
Clabb Y— Continaed.
0BOUF 3— Continued.
Textiles, crossed or worked np, of the same ma-
terials, whether mixed or not with cotton.
CLAB8 TL—Wools, bristles, horsehair, and their mantt-
factures.
Group 1.— Raw:
Bristles, horsehair, and hair .....r ..n. ., - -,,.,-,
Kilogram
100 kilograms.
....do
Pesetas.
.00
2.00
2a 00
56.00
12.60
25.00
83.25
1.85
2.60
3.00
130.55
.76
2 25
400
&00
&0O
&00
5.00
5.00
&00
2.50
1.50
6.25
0.15
0.60
4.50
17.60
Pesetas.
.00
2.0O
182
Wool, common, nncle&n (24)
24.30
188
(24) NOTB.— Wool which, after beins washed with sol-
phate of carbon, loses more than 10 per cent, of its
weight, will be considered as nnclean wooL
W^ooL common, washed
....do
48.60
184
Wool, common, unclean, of other classes, and long
wool for worstcdJs (25).
(25) Note.— Wool more than 10 centimeters long shall
be considered as long wool.
Wool, common, clean
....do
7. 60>
185
...do
15.20
136
Wool, combed or carded, and wasto ft-om carding —
Gboup 2.— Spun ("hibidos") :
Worsted, spun and twisted, cmde, or with oil
Same, cleaned or bleached
do
83.2fr
187
138
Kilogram
do
1.10
1.6S
139
Worsted, dred
. .. .do
1.95
0«14O
#141
Group 3.— Woven:
CarpetingB, of pure wool, or mixed with other ma-
terials.
Feltines mixed with other materials
100 kilograms.
Kilogram
.... do
90.70
.60
e«142
Blanketiniis mixed with other materials* (26)
1.78.
e«148
(26) NOTB.— Blankets called " plaids," or similar there-
to, which pay according to the class of the textile of
which they may be comjiosed, are not inolned in this
iteuL
Hosiery ("ceiidos de pnnto"), whether mixed or
not with cotton or other vegetal fibers.
Cloths, and all other fabrics of the cloth line, of pure
wool, flock wool, hair, or mixed with tnese
materials.
Duties which must be applied to nations having
treaties of commerce so long as the treaty
with France shall remain in force.
The same cloths, when they have all the warp of
cotton or other vegetal fibers, and the astra-
kans and plush of the same materials.
All the other textiles of pure wool, flock wool, hair,
or mixtures of these materials.
Bnty to be applied to nations having treaties of
commerce ao long as the treaty with France
shall remain in force.
The same toxtlles. when all the warp is of cotton or
of other vegetal fibers.
Fabrics of bristles or horAebair, whether mixed or
not with other vegetal fibers.
Class vn.
Group l.~Spnn:
Silk, raw and soun but not twisted
.... do
8. 47
e«144
. ...do
4.8a
. . do
4.80
• «146
....do
2.60
««14«
. ...do
8.6a
...do
3.50
e«147
. . ..do
2. IT
148
. - ..do
2.0O
140
...do
0,70
el50
Silk, twisted
. . . .do
3.80
•151
Silk, Ksste ("borra de seda"), combed or carded —
Same, spnn bnt not twisted
. . . do
0. 15
152
...do
0.30
el63
Same, twisted
.... do
1.85
«164
Group 2.— Woven :
Silk, plain or striped i
Duty to be applied to nations having treaties of com-
merce so long as the treaty with France
shall remain in force.
Velvets and plushes
... do
....do
14.40
10. OO
«156
. ...do
26.26
21.00
Duty to be applied to nations having treaties of com-
merce so long as the treaty with France
shall remain in force.
Velveteens (" ti^iidos de fllosedo") and those of floss,
cmde or mixed with silk.
Duty to be applied to nations having treaty of com-
merce so long as the trea^ with France
shall n>main in force.
....do
12.00
«156
... do
OlOO
******
6.00
. ...do . ........
5.00
\
160
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Tariff of the Peninsula and Balearic Islands—Continued,
i
1:3
>Z5
«157
<e«158
0169
«160
•0161
162
4188
«164
«165
166
167
•00168
«0l69
0170
171
0172
«173
174
175
Articles.
CLA88 Yll— Contixined.
Group 2— Continoed.
TuUea, lacof), edgiDgs of Bilk, or floss eilk
Duty to be applied to nations having treaty of com-
merce so long R8 the treaty with France shall
remain in force.
Silk textiles or floss silk
Duty to be applied to nations havinjr treaty of com-
merce while tlie treaty with France shall
remain in foix^.
Velvets and plushes of silk or floss silk with the
whole warp or weft of cotton or other vege-
tal fibers.
Other textiles of silk or floss silk with all the warp
or weft of cotton or other vef^etal fibers.
Textiles of silk or floss silk with all the warp or weft
of wool or hair.
Class YIII. — Paper atid its appliecUtom.
Gboup 1.— Printing and writinft paper :
Paper, unsized nnd half sized, for printing
Duty to be applied to nations hsvinf( treaty of com-
merce so long as the trea^ with Belgium
shall remain in force.
Paper, unsigned, lor writing, lithographing, or
stamping.
Paper, cut, made by hand, and ruled,
Gboup 2.— Printed pai>er, engraved or photographed :
Books, bound or unbonno, and otners printed in
Spanish (27) (28).
(27) NoTK.-— The bindings of books shall be appraised
according to the item corresponding to their materiaL
When the books are bound In rustic, or with paste-
board wrappers, they shall pay as printed matter on
their total weight
(28) Note.— The authors or editors of works printed
abroad in the Spanish language are the onlv ones who,
tiirough the payment 6f duties, raav import them into
Spain fifteen days after the publication in the Gazette,'
by the ministry of Fomento, of a bibliography of said
works. This publication once made, authorizes all
subsequent publications. Newspapers published abroad
in the Spanish language do not require permission to in-
troduce them into Spam.
Books and other publications in a foreign language.
(See Note 27.)
Engravings, maps, and plans
Gboup 3. — Decorating paper:
Paper, stamped with gold, silver, wool, or crystal.. .
Paper of other kinds
Group 4. — Cardboard and various papers:
Paper, brown, ordinary, for packing, &c
Paper, other paper, not expressly tariffed
Cardboard in sncets and boxes lined with ordinary
{)aper, and objects of cardboard, Sec, not fin-
shed (29).
(29) Note. — Boxes of pasteboard lined with paper
more or less ordinary, which nerve for packing of naud-
kerchiefs, shirt-lmsoms, buttons, fabrics in pieces, and
otiier similar articles, will pay according to this item.
Said ot^jects finished and cardboard boxes orna-
mented or lined with fine paper or other
materials.
ClasbIX.— TTood^, and other vegetable materialt em-
ployed %n induMtry, and its manv/aeturee.
Gboup 1.— Woods :
Staves '.
Dut}" to be applied to nations with treaty so long
as the treaty with Austria-Hungary shall
remain in force.
Wood, ordinary in boards, although they may be
cut, plane<1, grooved, and tonguod, for boxes
or floors, planks, beams, rafters, masts, and
wood for ship-building.
Unit.
Kilogram
— do ■ ...
...do
...do
...do
...do
— do
Duty for tho na-
natious.
Without
treaty.
With
treaty.
22.50
15.00
12.00
6.70
7.50
100 kilograms.
do
10.50
. ^.do
...do
...do
....do ....
Kilogram
100 kilograms.
...do
100 kilograms.
...do...
.. do
Kilogram
1,000 kilograms
— do
30.00
56.25
42.00
10.00
1.25
200.00
27.50
12.50
40.00
8 00
1.60
15.00
Cubic meter..
2.75
20.40
7.00
13.30
10.00
&00
4.00
5.00
10.50
laso
27.50
4&76
8&50
10.00
L25
130.00
23.84
10.85
3&00
&93
L85
15w00
laoo
2.00
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
161
Tarif of the Peninsula and Balearic Islands — Continaed.
1*
«
Unit
Duty for the na-
tions.
r
Without
treaty.
With
treaty.
•176
177
CLA88 IX— Continaed.
Gboup 1— Continaed:
Daty to be applied to nations witli treaty so long as
the treaty with Austria- Hnngary shall remain
in force.
. Wood:
Pine, for cabinet ware, in boards, planks, in logs
or pieces.
FlnA, sArTAt«4 oi* in planlcs r t ^ - t
Cubic meter . .
100 kilograms.
....do
PeeeUu.
0.66
4.48
10.00
20.00
86.00
112.00
0.60
0.00
L26
0.26
80.24
128.30
81.60
10.60
a40
laso
a46
L40
12.60
6.00
PeeeUu.
2.00
0.66
448
«178
Cooper's ware, fitted or nnfltted
....do
9.16
«179
Oboup 2.~Pnmitare, Sui. (80) :
(30) Nor.— The marble slabs of famitore shall be
•roralsed by the second colonm of the tariff, provided
tAey are presented separate fh>m the ol^ects to which
thc^belong.
Ordinary, mannfactored into any kind of objects,
tamed or not turned, painted and varnished,
and the battens molded and varnished or pre-
pared for gildinfr, and wooden carved fami-
tore, although they may be painted oi var-
nished.
Fine, manufactored into ftimitare or other ob-
jects, tamed, polished, carved, and var-
nished ; those of ordinaiy wood inlaid with
fine woods: those tapestried, except with
silk or leather textiles and comers gilt
In the same objects gilt, edged with mother of
pearl or other fine materials and metal mold-
ings, and those tapestried with silk or leather.
Gboup 3. — Varioas:
....do
18.76
180
....do
88.76
«181
• . . • do •....••••
102.65
Ton of 1,000
kilograms.
100 kilograms.
....do
Mffi
188
Coal, wood, and other vegetable combustibles
Cork
0.60
0.90
*184
Wooden hoops, twigs, and railinss .
1.25
186
Bushes, esparto, vegetable hair, soft rushes, twigs,
fine straw, palm and other analogous mate-
rials, unmanufactured.
Thn saine inat^rials. manafM*'tured /............
.... do
0.20
«186
....do
80.24
«187
ClasbX. — AnimaU and ^^eir rrnnnatUs employed in
vnduetry.
Oboup l.— Animals:
TTommb firAldfno) aIiava the ntandard heiirht
Each
128.80
188
Other honetr and mares ...r. ...,.,.....,,
... do
8L50
189
Moles
....do
19.60
190
Asses
. . . .do
8.40
191
CV>w<fL baUs. and calves
••••do
18.80
192
Pigi
do
&45
198
Bbeep and eoats nnd animals not inc1nde<1
....do
L40
IM
Gboup 2. —Furriers' and leather-dealers' wares:
Skins and hidew. nntanned (31)
100 kilograms
Kilogram
....do
iai6
««196
(31) NoTB. — In accordance with the provisions of Ar-
ticle 26 of the law of budgets of 1878-'70, skins and hides
uutanned coming direct from foreign countries not
Earopean shall pay 3 pesetas less on each 100 kilos than
the daty assigned in this tariff.
Leather, enameled, and calfskin, tanned, ice
8.26
Daty to be applied to nations so long as the teeaty
with Bielgium and France are in force.
Leather, other, including sole leather
2.60
««190
.... do .........
2.00
L86
Doty to be applied to nations with treaty so long as
treaty with France and Belginm are in force.
Belt l^kther for machinery
....do
L26
187
....do
LOO
a64
9.00
82.00
8.76
8.76
6.00
LOO
*196
Furs for caps and coats, or for ornament, in natural
or dressed state. *
Furs in made-up objects
. ..do
0.60
eU9
....do
&26
^#200
Kid and leather gloves. x x x . . . . a . a. . . x .
....do ..••.....
1&88
«#291
Shoe leather ... .'?
.. do
6.65
#208
Harness and belt ware (32)
....do .........
2.16
«a98
Other articles of lea iher. or linc^ with same. ...
....do
4.68
(32) KOTB.— Saddles, bridles, reins, horse gear of all
classes, and traveling objects— such as bags, portman-
teana, trunks, hat-boxes, and other articles composed of
leather or skin— will be considered as articles of nameas
and belt ware.
J 784 rONG — A P-
11
162
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Tariff of the Peninsula and Balearic lalanda — Continaed.
i
h
I
^
«204
«205
ao6
*207
208
•209
««210
2U
212
218
«2U
«215
0«21O
217
218
219
Articlea.
Clabb X— Oontinned.
Obouf 8.— Feathers:
Feathers for ornament in nataral and mannfiictured
state.
Feathers — other feathers and those for dosting
("jplameros").
Oboup 4.— Other animal remains ("despojos") :
Animal fats and greases
Onano and other manures
Entrails
Other animal remains not enumerated and Hot manu*
factured.
Class XI. — Inttntmentt, machinery, and apparatua em-
ployed in agriculture, induitry^ and traveling.
Group 1. — Instruments:
Pianos (33)
(33) XOTE.— Cases, including cords for pianos, shall
pay the duties of the article to which they may helons,
even when not accompanied hy the other pieces which
are necessary to constitute the musical instrument prop*
erly so called.
Harmoniums and organs
Watches:
Gold
Silver and other metals
Clocks with weights and alarm clocks
Works for wall clocks or mantle-piece clocks not fin-
ished, with or without case and chronome-
ters (34).
(84) Note.— Cases, pedestals, dials, and other acces-
sories, shall pay duty as manufactured objects, accord-
ing to the article to which the material belongs. Ma-
chinery for waller table clock (in "desbaste") and
pieces of brass for the same, shall pay accorfling to item
Ko. 49. The pieces (in "desbaste ) are distinguishable
by their bein^c only roughly flnished. by the want of es-
capements, by the minute hands not being adjusted,
and by the last wheel being without cog. In cases
where watch machinery shall come in p^estals, &c.,
and the importer should not wish to sepaTato them for
examination, one kilogram will be taken as the weight of
the machinery, including the dial, and the remainder
shall pay as indicated in the previous paragraphs.
Gboup 2. — Apparatus and machines:
Weighing machines
ACTicultnral machines (35)
(85) I^OTK. — The machines here referred to are those
employed by the field laborer or agriculturittt for pre-
paring the land and gathering the fruits, and also those
used to clean or improve the same without essentially
varying its natural form. Landlords and teuants who
are enjoying the benefits of the law of 3d of June, 1868,
in the introduction of all classes of instruments
("aperos") or agricultural machines, the duty on
which as assicned in the tariff is higher than that of
Article No. 277, shall pav the duties of the same article
(277), provided they snail Justify by a certificate of the
mayor of the locality that the articles are destined to be
employed in establishments which e^Joy the privilege
of tne said law.
Motive machine
Duty to be applied to nations with treaty so long as
the treaty with Belgium shall remain in
force.
Machines of copper and their alloys and their pieces
of the same metals (36).
(36) NOTB. — Tbe machines and separate pieces of cop-
X>er and their alloys with parts of other materials shall
also pay duty as per this article, provided said metal
shaJl exceed them in weight.
Machines and separate pieces of material fur in-
dustry (37).
(37) XOTB.— In order that the bags (** mangos") and
filters of wool employed in manufactui e may be aasessed
Unit.
Duty for the
tiona.
Kilogram
— do
100 kilograms.
do
...do
, ...do
Bach
do
do
do
.do
Without
trea^.
Pceeiae.
10.00
2.00
1.90
0.05
2L90
0.60
Witk
treaty.
260.00
20.00
lOOUlograma.
...do
..do
...do
...do
...do
87.60
LOO
Peaetae,
9.15
L85
L70
ao4
2L0O
0.50
174.14
2a 00
7.60
7.50
2.00
L80
L20
1.10
&00
4.70
2.60
27.00
9.00
22.06
a95
2.40
2 00
24.00
aoo
TAEIFF8 OF THE 8EVEEAL COUNTRIES.
163
Tariff of the PeninBula and Balearic /«/an(f« — Continned.
i
U
I
9
«S1
««222
««2S3
#22S
#'
Artioles.
Cla£8 XI— Continaed.
Oeoup 2— Contiiiiied.
. hj this article, a oertiflcato statinK the indnstry or fac-
tory to which they are destised will be required. For
the eUaaiflcation of pieces of niachioery toe following
mlea shall be taken into account :
1st. A separate piece of machinery is understood to be
any object not expressly mclnded by name in any article
of the tariff, which by its form and by the conditions
in which it is presented for clearance in the customs
(allhoaxh it maT not be entirely finished), is exclusively
deatined to, ana may only bo applied to formine part of
a machine (in case it should anive finished) should be
assessed according to one of the articles of machinery
of the tariff.
2d. The importer of a separate piece for machinery,
if he deem it expedient, may have the option, on pro-
dncing for clearance, to have it assessed according to
the article corresponding to the material of which said
piece is composed, instead of being assessed ai-cording to
one of the articles of machinery.
3d. Pipes, bars, axles, screws, plates, sheets, boilers,
bottoms, wire, and other articles expressly provided
for in tlie tariff, must always be assessed according to
the articles of the same in which they arc liniitedly
incladed, although they come destined for machinery.
4th. The implements, tools, and utensils employed in
arts and industries must not be considered as separate
pieces of machinery so far as the customs tariff is con-
oemed, and they must pay thedutiesof thearticles corre-
sponding to the materials of which they are composed.
Gboup 3.— Carriages:
Coaches and berlins, 4 seata, &c., new, used, or re-
paired.
Beriins of 2 seats. &o., omnibus of more than 15
seats, and diligences new, usfMl, or repaired.
Carriages of 2 or 4 wheels, Sec , regardless of the
number of seats, omnibusses up to 15 seats
and carriages not expressed in the previous
classes, new, used, or repaired.
Bailway and tramway carriages, and the pieces of
wood finished for the same.
Other vebiclen for railwaya, and pieces of wood fin-
ished for the same.
Carts and hand-carts
Group 4.— Navigation (38). (39) :
(38) KOTK.— The duties on navigation are fixed by the
law of June 25, 1880. Anchors, grapnels, cables, chains,
barometers, chronometers, binnacles, temporary or sta-
tionary teleecopea, cooperage (piperia), rigging tackle,
cordage (iarcia), aaila, masts, varus, booms, dec, neces-
sary for the maneaversand safety of the vessel, accord-
ing to her class, are comprised in the duties named in
articles No. 227 to 230 ; the spare stock of the last three
articles in proportion to the requirements of navigation
will also be admitted free whatever other duty. Oar-
petings, glass, earthenware, lamps, and every kind of
effects ( " enseres "), furniture, and other articles of com-
modity or luxury exclusively destined to cabin service,
to private use, and to the defense of the vessel, and in
quantiUes in proportion to the destination of the same,
-will also be comprised in the duties named in the article
of the above-mentioned tariff. When the objecta re-
ferred to in tliia note do not meet the requirement in-
dioatcd, they shall pay the duties fixed in the respective
•rtf clea of the tariff. '
(39) KOTB. —Duties on steam vessels shall be levied on
the total nnml>er of tona which mav result from meaa-
nreroent, and no separate dntv ahail be levied on ma-
chinery which shall be considered as an integral part
of the vessel. As a basia for the assessment of snips
introduced from abroad, the copy of the certificate of
measurement (arqueo) may be used provisionally, which,
in accordance with article 28 of the regulation of the 2d
December, 1874, and the royal order of 12th January,
1870, baa to be d«ilivered to the collector of customs,
wifli the ri«^ oftlio ri'Hpectlve nivt'^in of the pnrt.
Unit.
Duty for the na-
Uona.
Without
treaty.
Bach
— do
...do
100 kilograms.
.do
.do
With
treaty^
Petetat.
i.ooaoo
760.00
812.60
37.00
10.85
10.00
Petetat.
80L80
008.76
270.90
87.90
10.85
&06
i
164
TRRIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Tariff of the Peninsula and Balearic Island* — Continned.
i
«S27
228
229
280
«231
232
238
234
e235
e«236
237
«238
239
e«240
e«241
242
248
244
245
240
247
248
e«249
«260
«251
«252
«253
«254
I
Artiolaa.
CLAB8 XI— Continued.
Oboup 4— Continned.
The parties interested mnst present to the cnstous a
certificate of the captain of the port showing that the
oertiflcate of measarement has been approrea bv the
inspector, in accordance with articlee 29 and 82 ox said
reffnlations ; and it is to be understood that the cnstoms
WW not consider the clearance and payment of the cor-
responding duties as finally settled until this formality
has been complied with ; this will be stated in the re-
speotlye declaration ordocnment. National ships which
bare been lengthened (or whose tonnage has Men in-
creased) in foreign dock-yards must, on their return, pay
duty on the increased tonnage. Ships repaired abroad
must, on their return to a port in Spain, pay duty on the
materials employed for the purpose.
Ships:
Wooden, 8cc„ up to 50 tons measarement
Wooden, Sec, from 51 to 801 tons measurement. .
Wooden, from 301 tons upward
Inm and steel boats. See., and those of a mixed
construction of any tonnage.
Class XJI.—AHtnentary nibttanee§.
Unit
Ton of meas-
urement.
...do
...do
....do ........
...do
...do
...do
....do
...do
...do
do
do
Gbouf 1.— Heat and fish :
Live and dead birds and game
Meat, salt and Jerked
Pork meat and lard, pork (salted) included
Meat of other classes
Butter
Codfish and stock fish ("pezpalo")
Law of July 21, 1876, transitory duty
Law of July 21, 1877. municipal charge
Fresh fish ur fish with the salt indispensable for its
preservation.
Fish, salted, smoked, and pickled
ShelJ.flshC'mariscos")
Ohoup 2.->6rain and TOgetables:
Rice:
InhuU
Without hull
Wheat
Law of budgets 1876-*77, transitory duty
Wheat flour ,
Law of budgets 1876-77, transitory duty
Cereals, other
Flour of same
Vegetables, dried ,
Gboitp 3.— Garden stufflB and fruits :
Garden stuff
Fruits ...
Group 4.— Colonials:
Sugar
Law of budgets of 1878-70, transitory duty
Law of budgets 1878-79, municipal tax
Cocoa (Caracas) and its kinds (4(i)
(40) Note. — In accordance with the pnivisions of the
law of budgets of 1878-79, cacao coming direct from for-
eign places other than European will pay three pesetas
less tnan the duty assessed in this tanfi;
Law of budgets 1876-'77, transitory duty
Law of budgets 1877-78, municipal charge
Cocoa— Guayaquil and its kinds (40)
Law of budgets 1876-'77, transitory duty
Law of budgets 1877-78, municipal charge
Coflioe
Law of budgets 1876-'77, transitory duty
Law of budgets 1878-79, municipal tax i do
Ceylon cinnamon and its like do
Law of budgets of 1876-'77, transitory doty I do
Law of budgets 1877-78, municipal tax I do
Cinnamon of other classes i do
Kilogram
Duty for the na-
tions.
Without
treaty.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
40.00
26. oa
14.00
12.50
0.31
2.80
15.00
5.70
66l00
17.60
3.00
3.00
1.50
12.00
3.00
4.00
&00
4.32
1.50
6.48
2. 25
8.20
4.80
8.20
1.25
2.50
32.25
18.60
13.60
91.00
16.00
16.00
56.00
16. 00
16.00
60.00
27.00
27.00
125.00
80.80
80. FO
60.00
With
treaty.
4a 00
26.00
14.00
12.50
0.25
2.80
15.00
5.70
52.50
12.70
8.00
3.00
1.50
11.00
3.00
3.40
6.80
4.20
1.50
6.00
2.25
3.20
4.50
a 10
L20
2.50
25.25
13.50
13.50
66.85
16. 00
16.00
48.75
16.00
16. OO
44.00
27.00
27.00
86.15
80.80
FO 80
23.85
TARIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUliTBIES.
165
Tcuif of the Peniiuula and Balearic Islands— -Contiimed,
«256
«2S6
«2S7
«S68
««2S0
#«200
• Ml
«208
#90
9M
«2i07
«2«8
e«270
«271
273
371
374
275
37«
*n
#278
e#379
e#280
f#aBl
Artiol<
ClABB Xn--Continaed.
Oboup i— Continued.
Law of budgets 1876-'77, transitorT dnty
Law of bndgeta 1877-78, mnnioipal tax
Cloree
Law of budgets of 1875-'77, transitory du^.
P^per
Law of budgets 1875-*77, transitory duty. . . .
Law of budgets 1877-78, municipal tax
Tea
Law of budgets 1876-77, transitory duty —
Law of budgets 1877-78, municipal tax
Oboup 6.— Oils and drinks :
OliTooQ
Brandy ("aftuardtente")
Law of budgets 1876-'77, transitory duty. ...
Liquors
Beer and cider ,
Wines, sparklinff
iUed to
Duty to oe applied to nations with treaty so long
as the treoty with France shall remain in
force.
Wlnee of other classes
Duty to be applied to nations with treaty so long as
the treaty shall remain in force.
Group 6.— Forages and seeds :
Seeds not expressed, and tares
Forages, anu bran
Osoup 7.— Tarious :
Preserves, sausage-meats, mustard, and sauces
Ohocolste
Sweetmeats
Birgs
Macaroni, Termicelli, for soup, alimentary substan*
oes, bread, and biscuits.
Cheese
Honey (41)
(41) NOTK.— By this article will be appraised honey
and molasses, which is the glutinous residuum of a
brownish red, more or less dark, of a sweetish taste,
but a little sour, the remainder of the crystalliration of
sugar; weight from 1,374 to 1,427 grams the liter, and
marks from 40<' to 41<' at 16 centigrades, Beaum6.
CLA80 XUI.—Variou9.
Timtrj and ornaments of all classes, except of gold
or sUyer.
Duty to be applied to nations with treaty so long as
the treaty shaU remain in force.
Amber, horn, Jet, whalebone, tortoise shell, coraL
meerschaum, ivory, moth(^r-of- pearl, and
paate, in the rough or cut, although in strips
or plates.
Amber, jet» tortoise shell, coral, ivory, and mother-of«
peaxl worked up.
Hon, whalebone, meerschaum, bone, and paste in
Imitation of the materials expressed in the
pveoeding article, worked up.
Canes and st!cks for umbrellas and parasols (42)
(42) NOTB.~8word canes shall pay the duties fixed
for fencing Mades as well as those fi^d for canes with*
out blade.
Buttons of all clashes, except those of gold or silver. .
Duty to be sppUed to nations with treaty so long as
the treaty with France shall remain in force.
Cartridges without prqjectiles or ball for permitted
fire-arms.
Cartridges with prqjectile or ball for permitted fire-
arms.
Caps (percussion) or capsules for x>erroitted fire-arras.
Boxes (ikncy) of fine wood, leather, those lined with
silk, and other ones of the kind, with or with-
out fittings, for writing, sewing, toilet, per-
fumery, cordials, and loands.
Unit
100 kilograms.
...do....
...do....
... do....
... do....
...do....
Kilogram
...do....
... do....
100 kilograms
Hectoliter . . . .
... do
Liter
Hectoliter
...do
.. do
Duty for the na-
tions.
Without
treaty.
.do
do
100 kilograms.
...do.Tr.
Kilogram
...dJ
...do
100 kilograms.
do
Pet^at.
22.40
22.40
70.00
22.40
81.00
22.40
22.40
1.60
0.80
0.80
80.00
20.00
8.76
1.00
12.60
160.00
60.00
L60
0.60
Kilogram
100 ulograms.
LOO
0.90
LOO
0.66
LOO
0.86
6.00
6.00
4.00
1L86
0.86
0.86
6.60
&26
Kilogram
10.00
9.17
.. do
6.00
...do
0.06
12.60
0.06
...do
6.86
...do
2.60
2.60
Per hundred..
26.00
16.00
Kilogram
...do
2.00
0.96
0.60
100 kilograms
76^00
46.85
. ..do .........
60.00
176.00
6.00
22.90
..do
Kilogram
140.66
5.60
With
treaty.
Petetoi.
22.40
22.40
53.15
22.40
22.75
22.40
22.40
0.60
0.80
0.80
26.00
17.85
3.75
0.76
9.75
76.85
5.00
2L67
2.00
L60
0.46
166
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Torijfof ike Penimula and Balearic J«IaiMb— Continaed.
O
ll
029
284
28»
e287
e288
«280
«290
291
292
«294
«285
«2M
«297
«288
«299
800
1
2
4
6
Artiolfls.
Class xm— <>mtinned.
Cases of ordinary wood, card-board, wickers, and the
like, witn or without fittings for same nse.
India mbber and gntta-percba nnmanufactored
India mbber and gntta-percba in sheets, threads, and
pipes.
India robber and eatta-percha mannfactored in any
form and oqjects.
Oil-cloths, oil-skins, tarpaulin, Ac., for floors and for
wrapping.
Oil-cloths— oil-skins, tarpaulin, dx., of the other
classes.
Games and toys, except those of tortoise shell, iToty ,
mother-of-pearl, gold or silTcr.
Wicks for lam p^ and candl es
Umbrellas and mirasols lined with tsxtnres of silk. . .
Duty to be applied to nations with treaty so long as
the treaty with France shaU subsist
Umbrellas and parasols lined with other textures
Duty to be applied to nations with treaty so long as
the treaty with France shall remain in force.
Ornaments of silk (43)
(43) NoTB. — Ornaments of silk containing more than
40 per cent, of its total weight of said material shall be
assessed as silk soods.
Ornaments of wool (43)
(44) NOTB. — Ornaments containing more than 40 per
cent, of its total weight of wool, or of wool and silk,
shall be assessed as woolen goods.
Ornaments— all other classes
Oil paintings
Hats and caps of straw ...
Hats trimmed (45) and made up of other material
(45) NOTK.— In the clearance of felt hats, those haying
more work done by hand than is indJsi>en8ablo to give
it shape shall be considered trimmed and mode up.
Hats and caps nntrimmed
Hats and caps, of all classes and material— millinery.
Elastic— fabrics with mixture of other materials
TARIVF OF KXPOBTATION.
. Cork, in the rough, fh>m the province of Oerona
Old rags, of linen, cotton, or hemp, and used effects
of the same materials.
Sulphurets of lead ("galenas") (47)
(46) Note. — Shall be understood as silver lead and
litnarges those containing more than 80 grams of silver
per each 100 kilograms ot lead.
(47) NoTB.— For the clearance of these minerals and
metals, and to Justify their importation to countries
having a treaty of commerce, the rules in force regard-
ing the matter shall be enforced so long as the treaty of
commerce with France shall remain in force, when they
axe exported to nations with, treaty.
Argentiferous leads (see notes 46-47)
So long as the commercial treaty with France is in
force, when exported to countries with treaty.
Argentiferous litharges (see notes 46 and 47)
So long as the commerciid treaty with France is in
force, when exported to countries having
commercial treaty.
AU other articles
Unit.
Kilogram
100 kilograms.
...do
Kilogram
100 kilograms.
Kilogram
. . . .do .........
...do
Each
..do
Duties for the na-
tions.
Without
treaty.
— do
Kilogram
do
Kilogram
.. do....
Each
Kilogram
Each
...do....
Kilogram
100 kilograms.
. ...do .........
100 kilograms.
.do
.do
.do
.do
Pe§eta».
3.00
5.10
a 75
L85
82.50
LOO
L60
1.64
2.50
L50
12.60
4.60
4.50
1.00
15.00
2.00
LOO
7.50
8.00
6.00
4.00
L25
L25
LOO
L50
xTee.
With
trea^.
2.76
&10
0.7S
L60
2L66
0.66
L80
0.78
2.80
L26
L25
a76
7.60
2.60
2.00
aoo
12.50
L88
a92
6.87
2.76
4.90
4.00
L26
Free.
0.88
Free.
L45
Free.
Free.
The vice-president of the board of tariffs and valuations :
Madbid, Jvlif 23, 1882.
SALYADOB I« ALBACETE.
His M%)esty the King has been pleased to approve these tarlffiB.
The minister of finances :
JUAN FBANCISCO CAHACHO.
TARIFFS OF THE 8EVEBAL C0UNTEIE8.
167
Tariff of ike Ptminaula and Balearic Islands — Continaed.
i
ii
1
3
8
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
13
18
14
U
le
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
«
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
le
17
18
18
20
21
22
28
24
f&
28
27
28
Articles.
Tasifp No. 1. — For the payment in tpeeie of duHst eor-
rupimding to the maUrial eUared by railway eompa-
nU9 eommrehended in artide 94 of the Imdget c^ law /or
18T7-'78.
▲BTICLBB.
Bails of iron and stee]
fish-plates (placas de onion)
Screws, tenter hooks, &o ■
Iron crossings, points, &c
Shunts of iron and steel and loose pieces for the same . .
Tires of iron and steel for locomotiTes and teoders
Iron and steel wheels for looomotlyes and tenders, with
the exception of tires and axles.
Iron and steel tires for carriages and wagons
Iron and steel wheels for the same, with the exception
of the tires and axles.
Axles of iron and steel for locomotiyes and tenders
Same for carriages and wagons
Cnshions of cast iron
Springs of steel for looomotiTes, tenders, coaches, and
wsgons.
Iron frames fortmcks
Iron bnffers for coaches and wagons
Ties of iron for the same
PieccMof iron for bridges
Iron tarn tables (pi at forms ) ■
Carriages, first class, for travelers (1)
(1) Note.— Mixed carriages shall pay according to the
articles corresponding to the superior chMs.
Carriages, second class, for travelers (see note 1)
Can iages, third class, for travelers (see note 1)
Wagons of all classes
Copper tubes
Spiral springs of st^
Tariff No. 2.— For j^ayment in tpeeie qf duHee eorre-
epondinff to material cleared by railway eompaniee
comprehended in arUele 19 ef the law of budget* for
187(^-'77.
ABTICLKS.
Balls of iron and steel
Fish-plates
Screws, tenter-hooks, Slc
Iron crossings, points, &c
l^unts of iron and steel complete, and loose pieces for
tho same.
Tires of iron and steel for locomotives and tenders
Iron and steel wheels, with the exception of the tires
and axles.
Iron and steel tires for carriages and wagons
Iron and steel wheels for carriages and wagons, with
the exception of the tires and axles.
Iron and steel axles for locomotives and tenders
Same for carriages and wagons
Cnshions of cast iron
Springs of steel for locomotives, tenders, carriages, and
wagons.
Iron frames for wagons
Iron buffers for carriages and wagons
Ties of iron for tho same
Pieces of iron for bridges *...
Turntables of iron, plat form
Carriages, traveling, first class
(I) NoTX. — Mixea carriages will pay according to the
article corresponding to the superior class.
Carriages, traveling, second class (see note 1)
Carriages, traveling, third class (see note 1)
Wsgons of all classes
Coppertubes '.
^lial springs of steel
Brass tubes for locomotives
Copper, in pieces, for engines
Iron pieces worked up. of immediate application to en-
^es, carriages, and buildings.
Wrought iron, in tubes, for steam boilers
Unit.
100 kilograms
do...
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
...do
— do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
100 kilograms
W'Ao'.'.W'.V.'.
...do
...do
...do
...do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
..do
,.do
.do
Dnty for the na-
tions.
Without
treaty.
Peeetae.
2.30
2.20
8.08
2.00
4.60
8.16
2.15
2.55
L60
4.75
2.05
1.60
4.50
5.50
5.00
8.80
8.00
8.80
18.00
10.00
H.00
5.00
27.50
0.60
1.15
LIO
L54
1.00
2.25
1.60
LIO
L80
a 75
2.85
L50
aso
2.25
2.75
2.50
LOO
L50
L65
6.60
5.00
4.00
2.50
18.75
4.80
10.00
12.50
3.00
LOO
With
treaty.
Pesetas.
L80
L80
2.75
L75
8.05
2.85
2.15
2.55
L50
4.75
2.05
LOO
4.50
5.45
4.65
8.75
8.00
8.30
18.00
10.00
&00
5.00
27.25
5.75
0.00
0.90
L85
0.85
L95
L45
LIO
L80
0.76
2.85
L60
0.80
2.25
2.70
2.35
L85
L60
L65
6.50
5.00
4.00
2.50
18.60
2.85
10.00
12.50
8.90
LOO
^
168
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
ToHffof ike PeninBula and BaUario Islands — Contiuaed.
J
29
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
40
ArtiolM.
Abticlba— CoDtiniied.
Weigfalnc mftohines
Wire for telegraphs
Poles for telegraphs
Supports for the same
Apparatus for transmissioD and reception for the same.
Crossings of wood
Lamps for engines and coaches, and hand lamps
Water tanks..
Dislcs for signals
Tubes for carrying water to the tanks, and for letting it out
Common implements for the road
Clocks, to be placed on the fronts of railway stations. . .
Unit
Doty for the
tions.
Without
treaty.
... do
..do.
Cubic meter . .
100 kilograms.
... do..T
Cubic meter . .
100 kilograms.
....do...
do
do
.do
do
Petetoi.
6.00
2.10
2.60
&00
1.00
2.50
4.00
1.70
8.00
0.80
8.25
6.25
With
treaty.
Petetag,
5.00
2.10
2.50
5.00
LOO
2.50
4.00
1.70
8.00
0.80
8.25
6.25
Tariff of duties of regalia on iohacooes on their introduction into the kingdon^f approved by
order of the regency of the kingdom October 18, 1870.
Duties of
r^alia.
1
2
8
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
Snuft product of and proceeding fN>m Cuba and Porto Rico
Powaered tobacco, of and proceeding from Cuba and Porto Rico
Cigars, in boxes, including for payment the duty on the weight of these,
of and from Cuba and Porto Kico.
Cigars, loose, of and from Cuba and Porto Rico
Cigarettes (cigarrillos) of paper and loose tobacco ("picadura"), and
from Porto Rico, including for duty the weight of the paper and tin
or lead sheet in which they come.
Cigars, product of Cuba ana Porto Rico, proceeding from foreign ports,
mcluding for payment the weight of the ooxes containing them.
Cigars, loose, fh>m foreign countries
Cigarettes and cut tobacco, product of Cuba and Porto Rico, proceeding
from foreign ports, includmg for duty the weight of the paper and tin
or lead sheet containing them.
Snuff, of foreign production
ForeLzn tobacco, made into cigars, cigarettes, cut ("orbrun"), whatever
be we place from whence they come.
(Tusas) , small cigar covered with comhusks
Cigars, product of and proceeding from the Philippine Islands
Cigarettes and cut tobacco, product of and proceeding ftom the Philip-
pine Islands.
Excess of register
NoncB 1.— The country of which tiie tobacco is a production, and the
direct port from which it proceeds, must be established according to the
tariff and customs regulanons.
2d. The clearance payment of duty, and the incidents which may occur
on the introduction of tobacco, shall be sut^ect to the same regulaAions.
18.25
14.00
10.75
16.85
2L5a
9.75
6.50
CUSTOMS DTJTIES OF SPADT.
REPORT BT CONSUL MAR8T0N, OP MALAGA.
As there seems to be a general movement being made by European
Governments against the excessive dnties upon imports into Spanish
ports, I have the honor to report to the Department of State apon the
subject of duties collected at Malaga upon articles imported into Spain
flrom the United States, as well as upon some articles upon which heavy
duties are exacted, but which are almost wholly supplied by England
and other European markets.
TARIFFS OF THE SBVERAL COUNTRIES. 169
I am informed that a direct effort is being made by England to nego-
tiate a commercial treaty with Spain , with a view of i^ucing these
heavy duties npon English productions, and while there are exorbitant
duties charged upon goods produced in England, the United States suf-
fers equally upon certain classes of goods imported into Spain, notably
in x)etroleum, provisions, and canned goods, as well as on many classes
of goods which are produced and manufactured by us, the importation
of which is prevented by the excessive duties imi)os^.
There is also besides customs duties an <^ octroi " (or consumers') duty,
as it is called, which is a tax imposed and collected before the goods can
be dcJivered. This " octroi" duty is enormously high, and of which no
mention is made in the published customs tariff of Spain.
I will include in this report the following articles with duties, customs,
octroi, &c., imposed upon each, viz :
Petroleum (refined and benzine). — One box of petrolevm contains two
cans weighing, oil included, 32 kilograms. The invoice price of the box
is about 32 reals vellon. The Spanish duties are : customs, at 22 reals
vellon per 100 kilograms, are 7.04 reals vellon ; transitory, at 15 reals
vellon per 100 kilograms, are 4.80 reals vellon ; extraordinary (imposed
by order July 31, 1880), are 22.08 reals vellon ; total customs duty are
33.02 reals vellon, equal to 106 per cent. I To this must be added octroi
dues at 28.48 reals vellon, which makes a total of 195 per cent.
Hams and dry salted meat, — ^The customs duty is, comparatively speak-
ing, not very heavy, say 0.23 reals vellon per kilogram, but the octroi
is 1.60 reals vellon per kilogram, or seven times the amount of customs
duty.
8alm(mj lobster, and soups in tins. — ^A one pound tin weighs 0.550 kilo-
gram ; price 36.25 reids vellon per dozen. The customs duty on the
dozen, at 4 reals vellon per kilogram, is 26.40 reals vellon, or 70 per cent.
Add to this the octroi, 8.32 reals vellon, and it becomes 95| per cent, on
the oiiginal cost !
Preserved provisions J pickles J sauces, &c., pay customs duty 4 reals vellon
per kilogram ; the tins, jars, or bottles in which they are packed are in-
cluded in the weight and no tare is allowed. On pickles especially this
is exorbitant. One bottle of pickles weighs a few grams more than a
Ulogram, and its cost, at $2 per dozen, is 3.33 reals vellon, and it pays
for customs duty 4 reals vellon or 120 per cent, on the cost. There is
^ an octroi duty to be added to the foregoing of 1.44 reals vellon, or
^ per cent., which makes a total duty of 163 per cent, on the cost of the
goods!
Jams Jellies, and preserves pay 4 reals vellon the kilogram, tins or jars
JBduded. One pot of jam weighs 0.360 kilogram ; the dozen costs about
11^ or 31.25 reals vellon, and the customs duty amounts to 25.44 reals
vellon, being 81 per cent. Add to this 13 20 reals vellon for octroi dues
aiHl the article stands charged with 123^ per cent, on the cost price!
hardware (of iron and steel) and tin plates pays from 0.30 reals vellon
to 20 reals vellon the kilogram. Although Spain is a country possess-
es untold mineral wealth, the high cost of fuel has always been a seri-
ous impediment to most of her ores being pi-ofitably smelted here. Spain
18 consequently dependent upon foreign countries, chiefly England, for
n^ supplies of hardware and for agricultural implements and machinery^
dnd I consider that with proper encouragement the United States could
supply with advantage to both countries whatever may be required in
this branch of trade. The iron works, found lies, &c., now existing are
80 few and insignificant, that any refusal on the part of this country to
lower the duties on foreign metal manufactures on the ground of pro-
i
170 TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
tection due to native industry would certainly, to say the least, be out
of place.
Apart from the various articles produced or extensively manufactured
in Spain upon which high protection duties are levied, such as cotton
and woolen goods, bar iron, &c., there are an infinity of articles which
are taxed in the Spanish customs tariff with exorbitant duty, notwith-
standing many of them are neither produced nor manufactured to any
important extent in Spain, and upon which a reduction of duty might
be made, to the advantage of both the United States and Spain, upon
the proper representation of facts.
Copper^ br<M8j or gun metal articles pay 5 reals vellon per kilogram,
and if plated or lacquered 10 reals vellon per kilogram.
Coals. — The duty on this article was formerly 6 reals vellon per ton
of 1,000 kilograms. About three years ago the duty was doubled, and
it now pays 10 reals vellon. This increase in duty was made to appease
the clamor of the proprietors of the Spanish mines, and the Government
also promised that Spanish coals alone should be used on board their
ships of war, but the article is so dear and so inferior in quality that a
short time ago the Spanish navy recommended burning English coals.
The duty amounts to 26 per cent on the prime cost of the article.
OUissware. — Wine bottles of common green glass pay 0.32 reals vellon
per kilogram. One gross costs 80 reals vellon, and weighs 106 kilo-
grams; the duty is therefore 34 reals vellon or about 43 per cent, on the
cost; but bottles of common white blown glass are charged with the
same duty as the finest cut flint glass, which amounts to 1.80 reals vel-
lon per kilogram.
Sugar pays customs duty per kilogram, 1.29 reals vellon; municipal
duty per kilogram, 54 reals vellon; transitory duty per kilogram, 54
reafs vellon; total customs duty, 2.37 reals vellon. One cwt. or 50.79
kilograms costs, say, 142.40 reals vellon; one kilogram is worth 2.80
reals vellon, and with 2.37 reals vellon upon this amount for duty, is
equal to 84 per cent.
Tea pays custom duty, per kilogram, 6 reals vellon ; municipal duty,
per kilogram, 3.20 reals vellon; transitory duty, per kilogram, 3.20 reals
vellon; total customs duty, per kilogram, 12.40 reals vellon.
On low-priced teas this duty is enormously high.
Coffee pays customs duty, per kilogram, 2 reals vellon ; municipal
duty, per kilogram, 1.08 reals vellon; transitory duty, per kilogram,
1.08 reals vellon; total customs duty, per kilogram, 4.16 reals vellon.
The duties on coffee amount to about 39 per cent, on cost.
Candles of all kinds pay for customs duty 2 reals vellon per kilogram,
being about 23 per cent. But they are also charged with an octroi duty
of 3.40 reals vellon per kilogram.
One pound parafiine candles costs nbout 4.20 reals vellon, and pays
duty (octroi) 1.70 reals vellon or 39 per cent
Biscuit pays customs duty at 4 reals vellon per kilogram, including
the tin, and if shipped loose in a cask the same rate of duty is charged
on the cask. This is an enormous charge, and it renders all but impos-
sible the importation of the low-priced English biscuits, which are the
kind most used. For instance, a No. 2 tin of English ^Munch" biscuits
weighs 1.350 kilograms, and costs about 4.60 reals vellon: the customs
duty is 5.40 reals vellon or 117 per cent. ; to this must be auded an octroi
duty of 2.84 reals vellon or 62 per cent, making a total of 179 i>er cent!
Boots and shoes pay 35 reals vellon per kilogram, being about 25 per
cent, on cost.
Brushes of all kinds are charged duty according to the materials of
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 171
wbich the bandies are made: if of wood they pay 4.48 reals vellon; if
of bone 10 reals vellon, and ii of ivory or of tortoise shell 50 reals vellon
per kilogram.
Toy9j of whatever material other than gold, silver, tortoise shell,
ivory, or mother of pearl, pay duty 6 reals vellon per kilogram; two
dozen toys weighing 16 kilograms, and costing 120 reals vellon, are
charged with 96 reals vellon for dnty, being 80 per cent.!
Piuirma^ceuticdl and diemical products pay from 0.06 reals vellon to 120
reals vellon per kilogram. Galcined or citrated magnesia pays 4 reals
vellon per kilogram or 37 per cent. The bottles are included in the
weight and no tare is allowed.
(^Unrs derived £rom coal and other artificial colors pay 10 reals vellon
l>er kilogram.
Perfumery pays a dnty of 8 reals vellon per kilogram. Two packets
of Windsor soap, weigh about one kilogram, and cost 14 reals vellon;
the dnty therefore is equal to 57 per cent. The same dnty is levied on
lower-priced scented soaps, but o£ good quality, such as glycerine in
bars, it amounts to 113 to 140 per cent, on the cost price!
SpiriiSj coffnae^ gin^ <£e., pay duties, viz: customs, 80 reals vellon per
hectoliter; customs (on barrel) 40 reals vellon per 100 kilograms; transi-
tory, 15 reals vellon per hectoliter; octroi, 26 reals vellon per hectoliter.
WineSy French^ not sparklingj in bottles of 0.70 liter, weighing 0.777
kilograms each bottle. Customs on wine 24 reals vellon per hectoliter;
castoms on bottles 32 reals vellon per 100 kilograms; octroi, 25 reals
vellon i>er hectoliter.
Wines^ French^ sparkling^ pay duties same as above, calculating each
bottle to hold 0.80 liter, and to weigh 1 kilogram.
Wines J not French and not sparkling ^ asfollotjcs^ viz: Customs, import,
on wine 2 reals vellon per liter; customs, import, on casks 40 reals vellon
per 100 kilograms ; octroi added, 25 reals vellon per hectoliter.
Wines, not French^ sparkling^ — Customs on wines 6 reals vellon per
liter; customs on bottles 32 reals vellon per 100 kilograms; octroi
adde^ 25 reals vellon per hectoliter.
Woolens. — ^Woolen cloths pay 32 reals vellon per kilogram; blanket-
ing, 10 reals vellon per kilogram; carpeting, 7 reals vellon per kilo-
gram. Bugs are charged as skins (article 187 of tariff) ; the dozen cost,
say, 740 reals vellon, and weigh 24 kilograms. They pay duty at 36
reals vellon per kilogram, 864 reals vellon, equal to 117 per cent, on
cost price!
Wearing apparel^ woolen^ pays 32 reals vellon per kilogram; and one-
half extra when made up.
I have given above a complete list of import duties imposed by the
Spanish Government on certain classes of goods, but I would refer more
particularly to what is called transitory and municipal duties, as well as
to the octroi already referred to, all combined proving a great barrier
to an active export of manufactured goods from the United States.
A short time since, in order to apparently yield to the many applica-
tions of other Governments for a reduction of the Spanish duties, they
agreed to discontinue what was then known as the ^^ surcharge^ duty,
but in its stead they applied others which are represented in this letter,
but the existence of which are realized only on the arrival of the mer-
chandise at the port of destination.
H. 0. MAR8TON,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Malaga^ Spain, , .
172
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
SXPOBT DUTIES OF 8PAIH.
REPORT BY C0N8VL OPPENHEIM.
I have received on the 19th instant a circular letter from the State
Department dated Febmary 15, 1883; said circular calls for a table or
schedule of all export duties levied in Spain, and in pursuance to its
directions I herewith inclose a statement containing the information
required.
BtaUmmt showing duUe$ levied upon exports from Spain to foreign countries.
ArtiolM.
Daty when exported
Coontriee { Conntriee
having no { having a
commercial commercial
treaty
with Spain.
1. Corkwood, when it is tiie prodnct of the province of Qenma, per 100 kilo-
grams
2. Bags, of linen, cotton, or hemp, also old clothing or other articles made of
these materials per 100 kilograms. .
8. Galena do
Whilst the convention with France is in force, when exported to countries
having a commercial treaty with Spain per 100 kilograms. .
i. Argentuerons lead do
Whilst the convention with France is in force, when exported to countries
having a commercial treaty with Spain per 100 kilograms. .
5. Argentiferoos litharge do
Whilst the convention with France is in force, when exported to countries
having a commercial treaty with Spsin per 100 kilograms.
Petetat.
5.00
4.00
L25
treaty
with Spain.
LOO
1.60
Pesefcu.
4.80
Free.
Free.
Free.
4.00
1.25
0.06
1.45
Note. — Argentiferous lea<l and argentiferous litharge are only sub-
ject to above duties if they contain more than thirty grams of silver in
every hundred kilograms : otherwise they are free.
ERNEST L. OPPENHEIM,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
CadiZj March 21, 1883.
POBTUGAIi.
EZPOBT DUTIES DT POBTUGAL.
REPORT BY MINISTER FRANCIS.
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Department circular,
dated February 15, 1883, requesting a ^^ table or schedule of all export
duties levied in Portugal," &c.
I inclose herewith the schedule requested. It will be observed that
the export duties of Portugal are light. In the year 1880, the latest de-
tailed returns being for that year, there was collected on account of ex-
port duty on cattle and other living animals $40,222 ; cork- wood, $41,918 :
wine, $60,807 ; vegetable productions, $25,693. Other articles uenied
in the schedule paid smaller amounts.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 173
The costoms returns for the year 1881 and 1882 (ending December 31)
present the following aggregates: ^
* ImportatioDB:
1881 $38,675,332
1«82 39,297,860
t £xpoit Talaes :
1881 22,252,030
isaa 26,725,261
ImportatioDB:
1881 11,635,659
1882 12,793,092
Export datiee:
1881 46i,701
1882 525,545
It will be seen that there was a considerable increase of yalues, and
augmentation of duties collected, in 1882 over the preceding year.
The value of wine exported from Portugal in 1882 is set down at
#109177448, being about 40 per cent, in value of the entire exportations
of the country. The exportation of wine to France has largely inci*eased
since the appearance of the phylloxera in the vineyards of the Bordeaux
district. The importation of Portuguese wine to France in 1876 was
61,000 hectoliters. During the first nine months of 1881, as reported by
the Portuguese consul at Bordeaux, it was 171,292 hectoliters. It is
alleged that this wine is prepared or ^^ doctored" for that purpose, and
sent into the markets of the world as the genuine French article. It is
suggested that wine purchased secretly ^m manufacturers or dealers
ill Portugal would assure a purer article at prices considerably less than
the cost of the French preparation from the same wine.
The value of cork- wood exported from Portugal in 1881 was $2,164,152,
of which $502,764 worth was shipped to the United States, England
only leading us in the purchase of this article. The cork- wood expor-
tations of 1882 were of the value of $2,631,820.
The other largest exports for the year 1882 were cattle and other
living animals, $2,944,751 ; ores, chiefly copper, $1,695,280; vegetable
productions, $1,949,985 ; and fish $469,800.
JOHN M. FEANCIS.
Lbgation of the United States,
Lisbon, March 24, 1883.
Table 0/ diUies levied an ffierokandiee exported flrom the Portugueee Kingdom,
On foreign merohandise which has been deposited in the castom-hoose, li per cent,
ad valorem.
On merchandise of Portngnese origin, with the exception of snch articles as are
mentioned in the following table, 1 to 1| per cent.
Grain (cereals of all kinds), free.
Corks, mannfactored ready for nse, free.
Product of national mines, free.
B«iB.
Oxen per head.. 1$500
Swine •-. •- do.... 309
Sheep and goats ^do 50
Oysters per cubic meter.. 300
Hides, for tanning per kilogram.. 30
* For consumption.
t National produce of continent and adjacent islands.
174
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEHAL COUNTRIES.
Bark, for taDning per kilogram.. 2
Cork, vigin and scraps per 15 kilograms.. 5
Cork, roaghor Id shreds do 30
Cork do.... 100
Rags '. I>er kilogram.. 30
Broken glass do 25
Gold coin in bars, and nnmannfactared do 5$000
Silver coin in bars, and nnmannfactared do 500
Wine* per decaliter.. 7
Beer, cider, and bydromel do 7
Angelica, brandy, and all distilled liqaors do 14
Vinegar do 3|
CHAHOES nr POBTUOUESE TARIFF.
Under date of October 21, Consul Du Pont-Syle, of Fnnchal, transmits
a report concerning some recent changes in the Portuguese tariff affect-
ing the imports into the colony of Madeira. The change applies to
tariff on packages (coverings), and, as will be seen by the list hereto
appended, increases the duty on many articles of import from the United
States, the principal ones being wheat, corn, flour, and kerosene:
Claasiflcation.
1. Twilled cotton bags, oontaining cereftls
and legnmes.
2. Twilled cotton bags, containing other
articles.
3. Plain cotton bags, containing cereals and
legames.
4. Plain cotton bags, containing other arti-
cles.
5. Flax bags, containing cereals Mid legnmet .
6. Flax bags, containing other articles
7. Bales of flax materiiu
8. Vessels and boxes of wood
9. Teasels and boxes of tin
10. Vessels and boxes of zinc or cast iron . . .
11. Vessels and boxes of wrought iron
12. Vessels and boxes of copper and brass. . .
18. Vessels of blown or cast glass (except as
in No. 14).
14. Vessels of common glass, black, green, or
yellow.
16. Crockery
16. Crockery.flne
Fine clay Teasels
China yessels
Trunks anfl portmanteaus, except those
with baggage.
17.
18.
19.
Exterior coverings.
Interior coverings.
Bate.
Ad valorem
— do .......
...do
...do
do
do
do
do
Kilograms
...do
...do
...do
do
do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Ad valorem
Duty.
Percent
60
10
60
10
60
10
10
10
Beii.
120
80
80
200
100
2
75
100
200
25 per cent.
Bate.
Each
, ...do
do ..
— do
... .do ■ .....
...do
. .. do
Ad valorem
Kilograms .
— do
do
do
....do
do ......
. ...do
do
— do
. . . do . : —
Ad valorem
Duty.
BH:
240
240
140
60
60
80
80
25 per cent.
Eeie.
120
80
80
200
100
2
76
100
200
25 per cent.
* Wiue pays an additional duty, as foUows : On eveiy 534 liters exported by land,
2 per cent, ad valorem on an assnmed value of 30 mil-reis ; on every 534 liters ex-
ported by sea, 2 per cent, ad valorem on an assumed value of 40 mil-reis, and 100 mil-
reis on those wnich have passed the octroi barriers of Porto. Wine produced in
Madeira, shipped to Portugueseports, pays 1,800 reis on every 390 liters, and on thai
shipped to foreign countries, 4,800 reis on every 390 liters.
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 175
ITAIi Y.
OEHE&AL TAEIFF OF HALT.
MEPORT OF CONSUL ORAIK, OF MILAN.
I inclose herewith a schedule of Italian import and export duties now
in force.
The duties entitled <^ general" are those of the Italian general tariff;
those designated " conventional " are prescribed by the treaty of com-
merce between Italy and Austria- Hungary, and are applicable to mer-
chandise from all countries which by treaty with Italy have " the treat-
ment of the most favored nations."
The following is a r^umS of the several acts by which this schedule
of duties was established :
At the expiration of the special customs treaties which had existed
between Italy and France, Austria, and Switzerland, the Italian Par-
liament, by the law of May 30, 1878, enacted the general tariff. By the
treaty of commerce concluded between Italy and Austria-Hungary, De-
cember 27, 1878, many import duties were modified and some export
duties abolished. The last-mentioned duties were also abolished in
the general tariff by the law of January 31, 1879, by which the said
treaty was approved. The same law also abolished the import duty on
dried chicory, aud gave power to the Executive to reform the general
tariff as to'hemp, fax, and jute, which was done by the royal decree of
January 31, 1879.
By the law of July 25, 1879, the general tariff was modified as to sugars,
confectionery, preserves, chocolate, coffee, pepper, and cinnamon, and
on citrohs and limes, though preserved in salt water.
By the act of July 19, 1880, the import duties on mineral and rosin oils
were increased, and by a law of July 23, 1881, the export duties on cattle,
sheep, goats, swine, fresh meat, poultry, and cheese were abolished.
The labor of compiling the schedule has been considerable, Inasmuch
as no reprint in the Italian text contains the modifications introduced by
Italian legislation since 1879. I inclose the latest Government reprint,
in which it will be observed I have noted these modifications.
I deem it important to direct attention to certain internal taxes on
manufactures, termed ^^ sopratasse," which are extended to the same
articles when imported, as follows :
By a law of September 25, 1870, a tax of 4 francs per hectoliter is im-
posed on ^< aerated waters."
By act of June 3, 1874, amended July 19, 1880, the heavy tax of 60
centimes per degree and per hectoliter is imposea on alcohol in casks
or barrels, and for alcohol in bottles the tax is 42 centimes per liter.
By the same law of June 3, 1874, a tax of 9.G0 lire per hectoliter is im-
posed on beer, with the option, however, to the importer to pay 60 centimes
per degree and per hectoliter instead.
The law of June 3, 1874, amended by that of July 26, 1874, establishes
a ^* sopratassa" of 30 lire the quintal on chicory.
By the law of May 30, 1878, the 10 per cent, war duty, 5 per cent, for-
warding dues, and statistic rights were abolished.
As the conventional tariff negotiated by the commissioners of France
and Italy has as yet been ratified by neither nation, and as its fate is
altogether uncertain, I have not thought it useful to consider it.
176
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
I transmit to the Department by book post (on account of their size
and weight) the following printed documents, viz: Law of May 30, 1878,
embodying the '*tariflfa generate ;" law of January 31, 1879, embodying
and giving execution to the treaty of commerce and navigation of De-
cemW 27, 1878, between Italy and Austria-Hungary ; royal decree of
January 31, 1879 j law of July 25, 1879; and law of July 19, 1880.
DUNHAM J. GRAIN,
ConsuL
United States Consuulte,
Milan, March Uyl8S2.
Schedule of Italian duties on imports and exports.
1
7
S
9
Articles.
Cateoobt I.
Waten, mineral, natural, artifloial, or aerated
Waters, mineral, natnial, or artificial, are
those intended only for medicinal use.
Wince:
In casks or barrels
In bottles
Bottles containing fermented beyerases pay
as if containing a liter, although contain mg a
less quantity of liquid ; botUes containmg
more than a liter and not more than two pay
at rate of two bottles, and this rule applies to
bottles of greater capacity. It makes no dif-
ference if the vessels have a form other than
tbat of bottles (dem^ohns, SiO.), or if they are
made of clay or material other than glass.
Common vinegar :
In casks or barrels
In bottles
Beer:
In casks or barrels
In bottles
Spirits:
Pure, in c^isks or barrels
Sweetened or aromatized, comprising
rum, brandv, dec, in casks or barrels.
In bottles of any kind exceeding one-
half a liter, but not over a liter.
Of whatever kind, in bottles of half a
liter or less.
Sther or chloroform
Oils (usual qualities) :
Olive oil
Not named
Mineral and resinous oils, except those of tnr*
pontine :
The duty on mineral oils must be paid with*
out deduction of any tare, either of interior
or exterior cases.
Crude, in c«sks, barrels, creases
Rectified, in casks or bsirels
Kectified, in stagnoni or bottles
Crude, in stagnoni or bottles..^
Oils, volatile or essences :
The duty on volatile oils or essences must
be paid without deduction of weight of the
immediate recipients or vessels containing
them.
Rose
Orange and its varieties
Not named
Unit.
Quintal
Hectoliter
Per 100....
Hectoliter
PerlOO....
Hectoliter
PerlOO....
Hectoliter
do
PerlOO.
....do ..
Quintal
.do
.do
Quintal
...do..
....do ..
...do..
Kilogram
....do....
....do....
Duties on imports.
GeneraL
ltal.Ure.
3.00
IS. 00
80.00
10.00
25.00
15.00
15.00
25.00
saoo
60.00
saoo
*4.00
6.00
6.00
27.00
88.00
8&00
20.00
40.00
L60
1.60
Conven-
tionaL
lUMlUre.
0.50
6.77
l&OO
2.00
2.00
12.00
26.00
25.00
l&OO
8.00
6.00
8
ItaLUre.
* Besides this tax, the duty of importation and manufisoture mast be paid for two liters of spirits fbr
«very kilogram of ether or cnlorofiDnn.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
177
Schedule of Italian duties on imports and exports — Continued.
s
Articles.
Unit
Duties on imports.
Duties on ex-
ports.
1"
General.
ItaL lire.
100.00
Free.
20.00
10.00
66.25
53.00
70.00
26.00
60.00
20.00
80.00
85.00
120.00
120.00
70.00
850.00
800.00
800.00
50.00
250.00
Free.
11.00
27.60
Prohib-
ited.
80.00
20.00
2.00
Free.
Conven-
tionaL
10
Catboort it.— Ooloniolf, groceriet^ and to-
baeeo.
Coffee
QnintAl
ItaL lire.
ItaL lire.
11
Chicory and other sabstances substituted for
coffee :
Dried
....do .............
Groand. or also only roasted
do
500
1?
Molasses
....do
13
Molasses, unrefined, intended for manufact-
ure of shoemakers* wax or other similar uses,
pays 1 fraoc the qamtal. according to rules
established by the minister of finance.
Sugar:
Ret^ne«1. in Iwf or crushed
....do
Unrefined
....do
14
•All sugars are deemed refined which are
purer thsn sample No. 20 Holland.
Sweetmeats and preserves, wit^ sugar or
honey.
Tea biscuits
... .do
15
....do
16
Sirups:
For bereraees
....do .............
Siruns containing medicinal subatanoea are
classed as medical compounds.
Ficola
....do .............
17
Cocoa
....do
18
....do
19
Cinnamon
. . . • do .............
?0
Cloves
....do
n
Penner or pimento
....do
??.
Tea
....do
23
Vanielia
.... do ...... •••....
24
Saffron
....do
25
Nutmegs:
With shell
....do
Without shell
....do
26
Mustard:
In seed
....do
Liuuid in nowder. or nrenared
....do .............
27
Snlces not mentioned
....do .•.•.•....•••
28
Tobacco:
In leaf or fiber
... do
•
Havana, in cigars
^iloffram .........
All cicrars made of tobacco of Cuba, of Ya-
rinas, ox Porto Rico, of Java, Manila^ Colom-
bia, and other similar qualities are considered
Havana.
Manufactured, in whatever other quality.
Catboort Til.— Ohemieal produeti, dmg$,
roain, and per/tones.
Acids:
Arsenic
do
29
Quintal
Boracic
....do
2.20
Gallic, tannic, and acetic
Impure
Quintal
Free.
1.00
1.00
0.50
8.00
10.00
5.00
0.50
5.00
5.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
15.00
6.00
0.50
Hvdrochlorio »..
.7. do
Nitric
.... do .............
Salphurio
....do
Tartaric
....do .............
Not named
do
30
Ammonia, potash, and caustic soda, pure ....
....do
31
Soda, caustic, impure
. - - .do
32
Alkaloids:
Salts of quinine
Not named, and their salts
33
Oxide of iron, of lead, pewter, and sine
Acid of alum, of iron^ of lead, and of copper . .
Carbonates:
Baryta
Quintal
34
.. ..do
35
....do
Magnesia
....do
Lead
.... do .............
6.00
Soda and potash
....do .............
1784 CONG — A p.
12
178
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Schedule of Italian duties on imports and exports — Continned.
s
86
87
38
80
40
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
40
60
61
62
68
64
66
66
67
58
50
60
61
Articles.
Unit
Catboobt 111,— Chemical produeU, drugs,
rosin, and perfunut — Continned.
Magneula, calcined or caostio
Chlorides:
Of lime, potash, and soda
Ofpotaan
Nitrates:
Of silver
Of refined soda and potash
Of soda,cmde
Borax, or borax of soda
Sea salt or rock salt
Sulphates :
Of alam, potash, and other alums. . . ,
Of baryta
Of iron and manganese
Of copper, zinc, and both iron and copper.
Ofmaniesia
Of SO& and potash
Tartrate (bitartrate of iK>ta8h), deposits in
barrels, or dregs of wine.
Snlphur of mercury (cinnabar or vermilion). .
Matches :
Of wood
Of stearins, wax, and the like
Chemical products not named
Gunpowder and other explosives
Explosive capsules and empty cartouches
Licorice roots .,
Herbs, dowers, leaves, lichens, roots, not
called, and medicinal.
Cassia and natural tamarinds
Manna
Camphor:
Crude
Refined
Barks:
Fresh, or dry, of lemons, oranges, and
their vaiieues.
Of cinchona
Juices :
Of oranges
Of limes and lemons, crude
Of limes and lemons, concentrated
Of aloes and other medicinal vegetables.
not named.
Medicinal articles, not named
Medicaments compounded not named (with-
out dedaoting weignt of vessels con-
taining them).
Classed as medicaments compounded are
me<licinal drugs mixed together or mixed
with pulp, juices, extracts, or moistened or
dissolved with sirups, mucilag«^ spirits, ,&c. ;
also those mixtures in form of^ powders, dry
Eastes, either soft or liquid; also artificial
alsams.
Gums, rosins, and gummy substances :
Indicenous. raw
All other kinds
Soaps:
Common
Perftimed
Sealing-wax
Perfumery (without deducting weight of ves-
sels containing it).
Category IV.—Colorifig substanoss and ma-
terials for dyeing and tanning.
Woods, barks, leaves, lichens, flowers, herbs,
and fruits, for dyeing and tanning:
Not ground
Ground
Gambler
Quintal
.do
do
Kilogram
Quintal . .
...do....
...do....
Ton
Quintal
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
....do ..
.do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
..do
Quintal*
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Duties on imports.
General.
Itallire.
20.00
1.00
1.00
6.03
8.00
Free.
0.60
Prohib-
ited.
0.50
1.00
2.00
2.00
1.50
0.50
Free.
100.00
11.00
11.00
4.00
150.00
150.00
Free.
2.00
7.00
10.00
2.00
16.00
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
10.00
10.00
120.00
3.00
3.00
6.00
30.00
30.00
60.00
Free.
2.00
1.00
Conven-
tional.
ItaL Ure.
M
e
ja
0
Itallire.
0.22
25.00
Free.
2.00
LOO
6.00
12.00
80.00
Free.
2.20
0.27
a66
TAEIPFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
179
Sekediile of Italian dutiet on import* and fxporta —Continned,
s .
63
64
65
67
70
71
T2
73
T4
75
76
77
78
79
80
•1
Articles.
Catkoort IV — Coloring mlitanees and ma-
ttriaUfoT dyeing and tanning— Contiiined.
bita-
Indigo, cocblDeal, and Irerraes
Pmssiate of potash, yellow and red .
Colors derived from tar or from other
xninoiis fmhstances:
In a dry state
In i>aste orliqnid
Colorinj^ extracts of wood, and all other dye-
inf( stuffs.
Colors, in cakes, in powder, or in any other
lorm.
Tarnish:
In spirits
In whatever form
Pencils:
Without cover
With cover
Ink. of every kind
Blacking:
For shoes
Of bone and calcined bones
Not named
Categobt v.*
Hmnp, linen. Jute, and other fibrous Tegeta-
bles, (Excluding cotton :
Raw
Carded
Cordaeeand ropes, including tarred
SmaU cord and pack-thread are comprised
as cordage, but it of a size less than 2 milli-
meters, uiey pass as hemp thread, according
to their respective quality.
Nets
Yams:
Of flax and of hemp, in crude state,
washed or bleached.
Of jute, crude
Of jute, washed or bleached
Yam of flax, hemp, and jute :
Dyed
Twisted, crude, washed, or bleached
Twisted, dyed
Textures of raw i ute
The lt;ast tax that tissues of jute can pay is
that of 20 lire, as the special tax for packing
stnffb is not extended to it.
Tissoes of jute of whatever kind. Same as
linen and hemp textures, according to
quality.
To these tissues, mixed, as well as those of
the sixth and seventh categories, is applica-
ble tiie duty of the material which dominates
in weight over the other, and in case the
weight is equal, the duty of the most taxed
material.
Textures of flax and hemp together, not hav-
ing more than 5 threads in the warp
in the spare of 5 millimeters :
Baw or bleached, exclusive of that for
packing.
For packing, girths, and tubes
Dyeo, or manufactured with died yam. . .
Timues, raw or bleached, with few and nar-
row lines, colored, designed to be used in hos-
nfitala and similar pious places, for military
xomiture, or for bags or other packing pur-
poeee, are taxed like other tissues of hemp,
flax, cotton, &c., raw or bleached, according
to quality.
Textures of flax and hemp together which
have over 5 threads in work in the
space of 5 millimeters.
Baw, bleached or mixed with white
Tinted or made with colored thread
Unit.
Quintal
...do..
.do
.do
.do
..do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
■do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Duties on imports.
General.
Jtol lire.
7.00
8.00
15.00
10.00
12.50
12.00
80.00
12.00
50.00
50.00
15.00
6.00
0.50
5.00
Free.
Free.
3.00
4.00
11.50
10.00
11.50
17.10
23.10
34 05
20.00
23.10
12.00
38.00
Conven-
tionaL
ItdL lire.
90.00
10.00
83.00
Free.
Free.
3.00
4.00
11.50
17.10
23.10
84.65
M
18.
ItaLHr^.
23.10
12.00
38.00
OT.75
90.00
* The conventional duties never apply to Jnte.
180
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Schedule of Italian duties on imporla and esrpor/«— ContinnecL
s
h4 «
J
}25
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
80
90
91
Articles.
Category V— Continued.
Textaree of flax and bemp stamped (printed)
A1m>, for the worke<) or aamaflked tissneo of
this catc;iory, as well as thone of cotton, the
doty is pniil accordin<i :ih tbcy are raw,
bleached, dyed, or printed, and accordinp;
to thonumberofthrcadsof the yarn. Yarn
composed of more than one thread is counted
for 2 or more according to their number.
If in cotton tissues the threads cannot l>e
counted either in the woof or waq> (catena),
count is made of the threads in one only,
and the number is doubled if the threads of
both are of the same size or composed of
the same number of threads. When in tis-
sues of flax, hemp, or cotton it is impossible
to count the threads, the duty applicable
to them IS that of knitted poods.
Tissues of flax and hemp embroidered
There are some worked tissues which at first
sight might be thought embroidered. But
it is easy to distiu'^uish them, because in
the first the work is most regular in the
most minute parts, and if the woof is with-
drawn it unravels, while in the second em>
broidored by hand or in the loom there is
always something wanting in theregulaiity,
and we embroidery prevents unraveling.
Stuflb of flax or hemp waxed (oil cloths) :
For pavements and tarred and oiled stufb .
Of any other kind
Trimmings of flax and hemp and knit goods. . .
Buttons and ribbons of flax and hemp
Bibbons and galloons are distinguished from
trimmings oeing worked with the shuttle,
or made of warp and woof; while trim-
mings, cords, and the like, are made by
bmioing, twisting, spinning, &o.
Laces ana tulles
Sewed articles
Cateqobt TL
Cottons :
In bales or in mass
Carded (wadding)
Cotton yams, single, gray:
Which do not measure more than 10,000
meters to the half kilogram.
Which measure from 10,000 to 20,000
meters to the half kilogram.
More than 20.000 and up to 30,000 meters
the half kilogram.
More than 30,000 and up to 40,000 meters
the half kilogram.
More than 40,U00 and up to 50,000 meters
to the half kilogram.
More than 50,000 and up to 60,000 meters
to the half kiloin^m.
More than 60,000 meters for each half
kilogram.
Yams, bleached :
Measuring not more than 10,000 meters
to the half kilogram.
Measuring from 10,000 up to 20,000 me-
ters to the half kilogram.
From 20,000 to 30,000 meters to the half
kilogram.
From 30,000 to 40,000 meters to the half
kilogi*am.
From 40,000 to 50,000 meters to the half
kilogram.
Unit
(Quintal
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Klloi
luiogram
Qoiral...
...do
....do
....do
....do
— do
— do
— do
— do
....do
do
— do
— do
. : . .do
do
Duties on imports.
General.
ItaL lire.
115.00
800.00
25.00
60.00
110.00
130.00
80.00
Free....
e.00
l&OO
22.00
28.00
32.00
'89.00
4a 00
60.00
2L60
26.40
3L20
38.40
46.80
Conven-
tlonaL
H
&
s
Ital lire.
116.00
ItaLKre.
250.00
20.00
40.00
110.00
100.00
(•)
* Like the tissues of which t^ey are oomposedf with 10 per cent. additionaL
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
181
SdteduU of Italian A^tien on imporit and exports — Continned.
s
02
93
93
Aitioles.
Catxgobt YI— Contlniied.
Yams, bleached — Continued.
From 50.000 to 00,000 meters to the half
kilozram.
More than 60,000 meters for each half
kilogram.
Dyed yams, single :
Heasuring 10,000 meters to the half kilo-
gram.
Measuring from 10, 000 to 20, 000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 20,000 to 30,000 meters to
the hall kilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measurine from 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measuring from 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
More than 60,000 meters to the half kilo-
gram.
Yarns, twisted, unbleached:
Measuring 10,000 meters to the half kilo-
gram.
Measuring from 10,000 to 20,000 meters to
the halt kilogram.
Measuring from 20,000 to 30^000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring more than 60,000 meters to the
half kilogram.
Yains, bleached, twisted :
Measuring not over 10,000 meters to the
half kilogram.
Measurine from 10,000 to 20,000 meters to
the hall kilogram.
Measorinc from 20,000 to 30,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuriocr from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring fi om 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
iho half kilogram.
Measuring from 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
the halt kilogram.
' Over 60,000 meters to the half kilogram. .
Yams, dyed, twisted :
Which measure not over 10,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Mea^rins from 10,000 to 20,000 meters to
the halfkilogram.
Measuring from 20,000 to 30,000 meters to
the halfkilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the halfkilogram.
Measuring from 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
MeaHuring over 60,000 meters to the half
kilogram.
In twistt^d thread, the classification is es-
tablished by multiplying the length bv the
number of threads. For example, thread
twisted of three threads, having a length of
6,000 meters to the half kilogram, is consid-
ered as having 15,000 meters of length to the
half kilo(n*ani, and is classed as twistod
thread, measuring from 10,000 to 20,000 me-
ters to the half kilogram, with a duty of 28.60
lire, 34.32 lire, or 61.10 lire to the quintal, ac-
I according ps it is raw, bleached, or dyed.
Unit
Quintal.
. . . .do . . .
do .
— do .
....do .
. .. .do .
....do .
— do .
do .
do
. ...do ,
do
— do .
— do .
— do
....do
. . . .do .
— do
do
.... do
. . . .do
. . . .do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
do
do
do
Duties on imports.
General.
ItalKre.
57.60
72.00
43.00
47.00
5L00
57.00
64.00
73.00
85.00
23.40
2&00
33.80
4Leo
60.70
62.40
78.00
2&08
34.82
40.50
40.92
60.84
74.88
93.60
65.90
6LI0
66.30
74.10
83.20
94.00
110 50
Conven-
tionaL
Itallire.
ilaLNra.
\
182
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Schedule of Italian duties an imparts and exports — Continned.
I
M
Articles.
Catbgobt YI— Oonttnaed.
WftrpB, siiiKle, aobleaobed:
Measuring not over 10,000 meters for
every half kilogram.
Measuring fh>m 10,000 to 30,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring fh>m 20,000 to 30,000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 50,000 to 60.000 meters to
the hall kilogram.
Measuring more than 60,000 meters to the
half kilogram.
IB, single, uleac]
[easnring not o
half kilogram.
logi
Warps, single, bleached :
Measuring not over 10,000 meters to the
Measuring fh>m 10,000 to 20,000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measuring from 20,000 to 30,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measuring from 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measuring from 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring over 60,000 meters to the half
kilogram.
Warps, single, dyed :
Measuring not over 10,000 meters to the
half kilogram.
Measaring from 10,000 to 20,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measaring from 20,000 to 30,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 40,600 to 50,000 meters to
the halt kilogram.
Measuring; from 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
the hall kilogram.
Measuring over 60,000 meters to the half
kilogram.
Warps, tmsted, unbleached:
Measuring not over 10,000 meters for
every half kilogram.
Measaring tram 10,000 to 20,000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measuring from 20,000 to 30,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measuring fVom 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
the hair kilogram.
Measaring more than 60,000 meters to the
half kilogram.
Waxps, twisted, bleached :
Measaring not over 10,000 meters to the
half kilogram.
Measuring iVom 10,000 to 20,000 meters to
the halfkllogram.
Measuring from 20,000 to 30,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
in
the hair kilogram,
[easuring from 40, 0<
the hall kilogram,
[easuring fh)m 50,0<
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
- in - _
Measuring fh)m 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
Quintal
— do ..
— do . .
. . do . .
— do ..
....do ..
....do ..
do ..
do ..
— do ..
...do..
...do ..
— do ..
— do ..
do ..
do ..
— do ..
— do ..
...do ..
...do..
, ...do ..
do ..
...do ..
...do ..
do ..
...do ..
...do ..
...do ..
do ..
do ..
...do ..
...do ..
. . .do . .
...do ..
Duties on imports.
M
O
« -
General.
Conven-
tional.
Duties 01
porta
ItaLUre.
20.70
ItaLUre,
ItaLUre,
25.30
29.90
36.80
44.85
55.20
69.00
24.84
80.86
35.88
44.16
53.82
66.24
82.80
49.45
54.05
58.65
65.55
73.60
83.05
97.76
26.91
■
32.89
38.87
47.84
•
58.30
71.76
89.70
1
32.29
39.47
46.64
57.41
69.97
86.11
TARIFFS OP THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
18 J
Schedule of Italian duties on imports and exports — Con tinned.
li
▲rtioles.
05
95
86
Catboobt YI— Continaed.
Warps, twisted, bleached— Continiied.
Measarlni; from over 60,000 meters to the
half kifogram.
Warps, twisted^ dyed :
MeasuriDg oot over 10,000 meters to the
half kilogram.
Meaearin(( from 10,000 to 20,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measaring from 20.000 to 80,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
Measuring from 30,000 to 40,000 meters to
the hall kilogram.
MeasarlDg from 40,000 to 50,000 meters to
the half kilogram.
MeasuriDg from 50,000 to 60,000 meters to
the half kilogram .
Measnring over 60,000 meters to the half
kilogram.
Tissues unbleached, weighing 13 kilograms
or more to the 100 square meters, which
have in a square of 5 mUlimeters of woof
and warp on each side :
Twenty-seven elementary threads or less.
Mor« than twenty-seven threads
To fix t ho weisht in relation to the measure,
it is not necessary to open and measure them
one by one. The equal pieces are placed to-
gether, and one is selecteil for opening. As
the folds are of equal length, maltiplying the
length of one fold by the number of folds
gives the length of the whole piece. This
obtained, and multiplying the length by the
width, we have the number of square meters.
The whole width being ascertained, it is easy
to find the weight of 100 square meters in or-
der to apply th«i duty.
To establish the number of threads in a
SQuare of 5 millimeters one must count and
add together the threads of the warp and
those of the woof.
Tissues unbleaclied, of the weight of 7 kilo-
grams or more, but less than 13 kilograms
to the 100 square meters, which have in warp
and woof in a square of 5 millimeters:
27 elementary threads or less
More than 27 threes
Tissues, raw, weighing less than 7 kilograms
to the 100 square meters, which have in
warp and woof in a square of 5 millimeters :
27 elementary threads or less
More than 27 threads
Tissues, bletiched, weighing 13 kilograms and
more to the luO square meters, which have
in warp and wool in a square of 5 millime-
ters:
27 elementary threads or less
More than 27 threads
Tissues, bleached, weighing 7 kilograms or
more, but less than 13 kilograms to the 100
square meters, which have in warp and
woof in a square of 5 millimeters :
27 elementary threads or less
More than 27 threads
Tissues, bleached, weighing less than 7 kilo-
grams to the lOu square meters, which
have in warp and woof in a square of 5 mil-
limeters:
27 elementarv threads or less
More than 27 threads
Unit.
Qnintal
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
Duties on imports.
GeneraL
ItaL lire.
107.64
64.28
70.26
76.24
85.21
05.68
100.13
127.07
Conven-
tionaL
ItalUre.
ItalKr^,
57.00
64.00
66.00
75.00
80.00
100.00
68.40
76.80
70.20
80.00
06.00
120.00
184
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Schedule of Italian duties on imports and exports — Continued.
1
1^
Articles.
(
Unit
1
Duties on import!.
•
M
8
a -;
1^
G^eral.
Conven-
UonaL
Duties oi
portc
97
Catboort YI— ContiDaed.
Baw tissues, but having a mixture of white,
are considered bleached.
Tissues, dyed, weighing 13 kilograms or more,
to the 100 sqnare meters, which have to
warp and woof in a square of 5 millimeters:
27 elementarv threads or less
Quintal
Ital. lire.
92.00
99.00
101.00
110.00
115.00
135.00
138.40
146.80
14^20
160.00
166.00
190.00
300.00
300.00
25.00
50>00
100.00
90.00
300.00
120.00
140.00
155.00
(*)
Pree
Ital. lire.
ItaLUn,
MoTA th»-Q 27 t-hrtMidii ,--.,..., , . , . .
't^UIUVOTA ...........
. . . .do . ..a.........
1
Tissues, dyed, weighing 7 kilograms or more,
but less than 13 kilograms to the 100 sauare
meters, which have in warp and woof in a
square of 5 millimeters :
27 elementarv threatls or less
.... do .............
More than 27 threads
....do
Tissues, dyed, weighing less thsn 7 kilograms
to the 100 sqnare meters, which have in
warp and woof in a square of 5 millimeters :
27 elementarv threads or leas
. ...do -.
More than 27 threads ....
....do
Tissues, ^tamped (printed), weighing 13 kilo*
grams or more to the 100 square meters,
which have in warp and woof in a square
of 5 millimeters:
27 elementarv threads or less
. ...do
More than 27 thre»dn , , -,--
....do
Tissues, printed, weighing 7 kiloKrams or
more, but less than 13 to the 100 square
meters, which have in warp and woof in a
square of 5 millimeters:
27 elementarv threads or less
.... do
Iff nrn ihAn 27 thrAarln
....do .............
Tissues, printed, weighing less than 7 kilo-
grams to the 100 square meters, which have
m warp and woof in a sqnare of 5 millime-
ters:
27 elementarv threads or less. ........
....do
More thi»n 27 threads t, ,.,,,^^.
....do
09
Tissues embroidered (see note to No. 83)
....do
100
Tnlles. iranxes. and muslins
....do
101
Tissues, oiled:
For floors and tarred tissues
....do
All other kinds
....do
10%
Buttons, knitted goods, braids, coverlids
Bibbons. nJloons (see note to No. 86)
...do
....do
108
104
Laces .-
....do
105
Velvets:
Baw
....do
Bleached
....do .•.....••••••
Dved
...do
106
Sewed articles
... .do
107
When sewed articles cannot be classified on
the basis of weight according to the super-
flees and According to the number of threads
which are in a square of 5 millimeters thev
are satject to the class the highest taxed.
(See note to No. 88.)
Category Yll.—Wool and hair.
Wool, natural, washed, carded, dyed; wa«te
or refuse wool.
Horsehair:
Baw. dved. and all other kinds .--..
....do .............
•
108
.... do .....•••«•■•.
Free....
Twisted cords and rough articles of horse-
hair.
Yam of wool or hair, single:
Paw or unbleached. .
... do
8.00
50.00
75.00
65.00
97.50
15.00
109
....do
Simnle. dved
....do
T winted. raw. or unbleached
... .do .............
Twisted, dved
.... do
110
Mattresses of all kinds
do
,',',,',
* Like the tissues of which they are composed and 10 per cent, additional.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRfES.
185
Sekedule of Italian duties on imports and exports — Coutinued.
0
C
PI
3
z <
ArtidiM.
'^hgobt YII— Fool and Aair— Continned.
ill
112
113
114
115
11«'
117
118
n»
lao
m
of wool :
this catefforvthe datyia aocordinc: to
matarial wnicb dominAtea in weight. Bat
those in which wool dominates is spoiled
B keser duties of the letters b and d if the
of the warp are of cotton.
Carded
Carded, with warp composed entirely of
cotton yam.
Carded
Combed with warp composed entirely of
cotton thread.
Embroidered
'^ts:
For hats
Tarred, pressed for soles, &c
es of hair :
For sieves
All other kinds
^^xsids, knitted eoods
^^ibbonsand gaUoons
^^nttODs -•
X..«oessad tnllee
Oorers made of waste strips of woolen cloth. .
Oarpets made of strips of waste woolen clotn.
Oovers and carpets of wool
Covers and carpets of wool mixed with
^WBste woolen or luur materials when it is not
pomibleto ascertain which predominates, the
Wool or other material will pay like covers or
csrpets of wool. Covers not separated the
one firom the other, bat in one piece, are al-
wsys considered sach if they have colored
lines or other marks which indicate the place
of separation and the end intended for the
bead.
Sewed articles
Sewed articles composed of tissaes suliiject
to different daties. and when it cannot be
determined which predominates, pay as if
made entirely of the tissaes most taxed. (See
2ro.88.)
\
Cateooby VIIL— fiOt.
m
123
m
125
128
127
Daties on imports.
Unit.
General.
Qaintal
...do ..
.do
.«lo
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
Kilogram
Quintal..
Scgsof Uie silkworm
Cocoons
By these sa^ intended those either with or
without the butterfly, but having the silk
entire, and those from which the silk properly
esUed has been taken are considered as e<u-
eami of raw silk.
Silk:
Drawn single, doubled or twisted, raw. .
Drawn single, doubled or twisted, dyed..
For sewing
Waste silk :
Raw
Carded do
Spun i do —
Dyed — do —
Velvets of silk. ! Kilogram
Tissaes : I
Of black silk ....do ....
Of silk not named ' do . ..
Of silk waste — do —
.. do ..:.
Kilogram
...do....
Qaintal
Itat lire.
165.00
110.00
200.00
155.00
400.00
18.00
7.00
30.00
165. 00
200.00
2*20.00
220.00
300.00
60.00
60.00
110.00
a)
Free.
..do..
do
LOO
3.00
Free ...
50.00
50.00
100.00
8.00
5.00
6.00
5.00
Conven-
tional.
M
p «
u
« o
* 5.
S
Q
liaLUre.
150.00
100.00
Ital. lire.
(*)
30.00
(t)
(t)
38.50
8.80
8.80
* In applying the treaty, shawls and small shawls of black wool coarsely embroidered with silk on
one side only, also garnished -with silk fringe, will be treated according to the quality of the tissue.^
without regard to the embroidery or fringe.
t Under ^e treaty, ordinary covers called *' scbiaviune " bleached all white, or with a simple colored
line, will be admitted np to 400 quintals per year at the duty of 21.50 lire tlio 100 kilograms, always
provided that their origin is shown to be Arom Austrla-Hnngary by certificate of a competent authoiii3\
tLike the tissnes of which they are composed and 10 per cent, additional.
4
186
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEAAL COUNTRIES.
Schedule of Italian duUea on imports and exports — ContlDaed.
128
120
130
181
132
183
134
135
136
137
188
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
Aitioles.
Catboobt Yni— i9i£b— ContiDiied.
Tisfinefl — Continaed.
Of silk or waste silk mixed with other
materinl in which silk or waste silk of
an.A kind or color exceeds 12 per cent,
and not over 50 per cent.
Tissaes, ordinary, of waste silk called ** stop*
polini," mixed or not mixed with other ma-
terial.
Galloons, rihhons, covers, knit-work, hraids
of silk, and silk waste pay according to the
respective tissaes.
Laces and tulles of silk:
IJn worked
Worked
Laces, galloons, and tulles of silk, or of silk
waste, mixed with gold or silver, real or
false.
Buttons :
Covered with silk
Covered with silk or silk waste, mixed
with other material, to be considered
such it suffices to have the right side
covered with silk or silk waste. It
makes do exception if cotton, wool, or
other material is visible on the other
side.
Articles sewed. (See note Na 88)
Category IX.
Charcoal
Wood for fuel
Wood:
For ebonists, unsawed
For ebonists, sawed
In boards or squares inlaid for floors —
Common, upland, sawed, split, or only
hewed or squared with the ax.
In small boards for boxes, sieves, and
the like, also in hoops of any length.
Casks, new or old, with iron or wooden
hoops.
Furniture :
Of wood, common, carved,not upholstered.
Other common wood, not upholstered
red..
Free..
...do..
Free
do...
15.00
...do
...do
do
Registered tonnage
Quintal
8.00
8.00
55.00
22.00
33.00
110.00
330.00
Free...
&00
40.00
Common wood, upholsterc
Of wood for ebonists, veneered or inlaid,
also uphoLstered.
Oars and poles .- do
Roots forl>rushes do
Cork wood :
Unworked ^ ...ido
Worked do
Utensils and various works of common wood :
Not poUshed or iNiinted do
Other kinds do
Wooden goods, including toys do
Carts, common Each
Carriages, common road:
Of two wheels
Of four wheels and four sprinffs
Of four wheels and more than rour springs .
Ships, barks, and boats
Canes, reeds, and rushes
Basket work and mats :
By these are understood baskets, and the
like, made of strips of wood, rushes, or reeds,
coarsely worked, to carry materials and mer-
chandise, or fur country use ; also mats for
floors and things made of rushes to encase
goods, and mats made of canes as lath.
* Like the tissues of which they are composed, with 10 per cent additional
Unit
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
Duties on imports.
o-«-- ! *'.?SS'-
H
O
Jl
p
Q
Ital lire. ItaL lire, [ ItaL Ure.
3.00 i I
2.00
12.00
18.00
16.00
4.00
2.00
.do
Ton..
...do
Qaintal
...do
...do
Square meter
Quintal
Hectoliter (capac-
ity).
(Quintals
/..do...
...do...
. . do . . .
(*)
Free
...do
2.00
4.00
6.00
1.00
1.00
0.20
Free
...do
4.00
4.00
Free...
.do
20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
7.50
18.00
33.00
110.00
^:
6.50 1 Free
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
187
Schedule of Italian duties on imports and exports — Continned.
1
II
48
140
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
Articles.
Category IX— Continaed.
Basketwork and mats— Continned.
Fine articles
These comprise ladies' baskets, small mats,
and all similar objects of domestic use, made
of reeds, rashes, roots, and branches, whole
or split, natural or djed. All mats for floors
are incladed, except those of rushes.
Braided:
Of straw
Of bark, &c., for fine hats
Of bark, du; , for ordinary hats
Of bark, &c., for ropes and other articles
Ropes of esparto, linden, and the like
Straw hats, except those trimmed for ladies.
Catboort X.— Paper and books.
Rags of all kinds
Paste (pulp) of wood, straw, and similar sub*
stances
Paper:
White, or tinted jMste, of all qualities . . .
Colored, gilt or painted, or figured
Blotting paper and coarse paper for i>ack-
ioK-
By blotting paper is intended that known
in commerce bv the name of blotting paper,
and not all kinds of paper without glue. By
packing paper is meant that of colored pulp,
rough and coarse.
Geographical maps
Playingcards
Thnigs printed, lithographs, and placards . . .
Pasteboartis:
These are made of several leaves, glued to-
gether, so that tearing them they can be sepa-
rated.
(Common
By common is meant that which is made
by pressure and not by glue.
Fine
Printed books:
Not bound, or simply stitched
Bound in paper covers
Bound in leather or parchment
Bound in any other way, in velvet, ivory,
&c., garnished with gold or silver
Books not printed (ledgers) :
Not bound, or bound in paper
Bound in leather or parchment
Bound in any other way
Printed music
M«iuscripts
Unit.
Quintal.
Duties on imports.
H
General.
Ital Ure.
22.00
Cateoort XL—8Hn»orhidet.
Skins or hides :
Raw, fresh, or dried, not suitable for ftir . .
These are such as have not been in any
way tanned, but only dried, put in ashes, or
salted to keep from spoiling. Such hides put
in water become ouickly good for tanning, and
when tanned ana worked serve shoemakers,
saddlers, Unnk-makers, glove-makers, and all
who use skins without hair.
Raw, fresh, or dried for l^r
Raw skins for fur should be in the same con-
dition as those indicated in the preceding
note. Such skins are tanned with the hair
and are used by furriers.
Tanned with hair, fine
Tanned with hair, common
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
..do...
100 packs
Quintal..
Quintal
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.•.do
.do
.do
.do
Free
..do....
..do
..do
L50
10.00
Free
..do.
10.00
25.00
6.00
3.00
20.00
70.00
&00
8.00
Free ....
12.60
20.00
100.00
10.00
35.00
100.00
6.00
Free....
.do
fi.00
60.00
saoo
Conven-
tional.
§1
Ital lire.
9
P
ItaLlin.
8.80
Free
10.00
25.00
Free
.do
&00
Free....
laoo
16.00
100.60
Free
5.00
2.30
188
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Schedule of Italian duties on imports and exports — Con tinned.
9
a-
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
178
174
175
176
Artioles.
Catboobt XJ^Skina or hide» ContAnned.
taken
Skins or hide»— Continned.
Simply tanned without hair or
from the vat and not finished.
Hides simply tanned and not finished are
those which have been only tanned, i. «., in
vats more or less time with tannins matter,
and which being taken out and dried are put
in the market without having been worked by
the several operations of tanners. Such hides
are not dried, are shriveled, and show on the
surface the tanning material, and are not pli>
able and elastic like finished leather.
Morocco leather of any color
Morocco leathers are skins of any animal
prepared without oil or other greasy mate-
rials, and which have on the riehtside minute
points formed by crossing of lines.
Varnished leathers
Tanned without hair and finished, not
named.
Tanned goat and lamb
Cut for legs and upper leather and strips
for hats.
The refuse of hides
Mu£fii of fur:
Fine
Common
Furriers' articles, not named:
Made with fine for
Made of common ftir
Harness:
Common
Ornamented
Saddles
Saddlers* articles, not named
Gloves of any kind of leather; also, simply
cut.
Boots and shoes:
Boots and shoes and buskins
All other kinds
Valises
Articles of tanned skins without hair, not
named.
Catbgobt Xll.—M\neralg, metals, andartidss
fnadeqfthtm.
Metallic minerals :
Of iron
Of lead, even urgentiferoua
Copper
Zinc
All other kinds
Scoria produced by the fusion of minerals
and by the aflinity of metals and metallic
products.
Scraps, scales, and filings of iron, cast iron, or
steel.
All works of iron, cast iron, or steel, and all
pieces thereof, new or old, are considered
scraps, which can only be utilized by fusion.
ProjectileH of artillerv and rusty cannon not
serviceable are conniaered as scraps without
the necessity of breaking them up.
Cast iron :
In pis
Worked in rough castings
Worked in smooth castings, turned,
treated with other metal, enameled, var>
nished ; also, with ornaments of other
metals.
Unit.
Quintal
do
.do
..do
..do
..do
do
Per 100.
...do..
Quintal
...do..
...do
...do
Per 100
Quintal
Per 100 pairs.
...do...
...do..
Each ...
Quintal
Ton ...
...do..
...do..
...do..
Quintal
....do ..
...do
Ton ....
Quintal .
— do ..
I>ntiea on imports.
GeneraL
Ital lire.
25.00
Conven*
tionaL
ItaJLUre.
H
e
al
P
ItioLUre.
80.00
100.00
30.00
20.00
(•)
Free
600.00
300.00
600.00
300.00
60.00
90.00
900.00
60.00
20.00
110.00
70.00
2.00
70.60
Free
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do .
.do.
.do
.do
4.00
5.00
* Like the resi>ective skins, with 10 per cent additional.
50.00
.22
2.90
&50
Free.
do
4.00
6.00
TAEIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTRIES.
189
Schedule of Italian duHea on imports and exports — Continned.
0
5e;
ArticlM.
17
Gatkgobt XIl.—Minerais,m€tdla,andartide8
made of them — Contiiiaed.
178
179
IW
181
182
183
1B4
185
180
Raw, in pigs, and steel in ingots
Iron in pig is that which is not freed of
dross and that cannot be nsed without first
being sabjected to hammering and reduced
tor^ iron.
Iron and steel, not tempered :
In nnmbers 178 and 179 are comprehended
iron and steel simply rolled or hammered.
Any additional work after rolling and ham-
mering causes iron to pass to the condition of
second manufacture, and steel to store other-
wise worked. Iron rolled or hammered for
construction of wagons, bridges, machinery,
and for buildings, when not perforated or
otherwise work^, is classed under numbers
178 and 170. Iron at T or double T re-enters
ondrr number 178a when not worked in the
same manner.
a. Bcdied or hammered (laminato o hat*
tnto) rods of more than 5 millimeters of
or diameter, and bars of all dimensions.
h. In rods (including wire) 5 millimeters
less in diameter or of side.
The article h comprehends rectangular,
square, hexagonal, octMTonal, and the like
wnen tiiey have a side of 5 millimeters or less.
e. In plates 4 millimeters thick and above .
d. In plates less than 4 millimeters thick,
and also in pipes.
By plates are meant sheets and plates over
90 eentimeters wide, and also of a less width,
if not 3 roetem long. Sheets and plates 20
oentimeters wide or less, 3 meters or more
in length, pay like iron and steel rolled or
bannered, or in rods or wire, lettered a, ft,
of this number, according to thickness.
Iron and steel forged into axletreee, anchors,
anvils, or other coarse works.
Iron and steel in rails for railwa3r8
Those are admitted as rails which are in
sections similar to those adopted by the pub-
lic lailways.
Iron of second fabrication (works in iron):
Plain
Pitted up with other metals
Tin plate (soeets of iron covered with tin,
zinc, or lead) :
Not worked ,
Worked, also fitted up with other metals
3te«l:
Tempered, in bars, rods, plates, and steel
wire.
Inspiingsof allkinds
Otherwise wrought
Knives for the arts snd trades, and knives
with common wooden handles, not orna-
mented.
Utensils and instruments for arts, trades,
and agriculture, of iron, steel, or iron and
steel:
Sickles and small sickles
Not named
(Copper, brass, and bronze :
In pigs, cakes, and scraps
In rods, sheets, andpipee
In wire of less than 5 millimeters of thick-
ness.
Hammered, in coarse work
In other work
In rods or wire, gilt or galvanized
Gilt or galvanized, wound on cord sr fi-
brous substance.
Gilt or silvered, in other work
Unit
Quintal
. . . .do
....do
..do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Duties on imports.
General.
Itallire.
2.00
4.82
&00
4.82
aoo
7.00
8.00
11.80
14.00
10.76
18.00
10.00
IS. 00
2S.00
18.00
Conven-
tional.
ItalUre.
2.00
14.00
14.00
4.00
10.00
l&OO
16.00
26.00
100.00
100.00
120.00
4.82
aoo
482
aoo
H
il
9 Q
p
P
ItaLUre.
7.00
aoo
1L80
14.00
10.76
18 00
16.00
25.00
10.00
12.00
/
190
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Schedule of Italian diUUa on imports and exporU — Continued.
-3
P
1^
r
ArtiolM.
107
188
180
190
101
192
198
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
206
Cateoobt XII.— ifinatrft, metals, and arti-
cUs mads c^f tA«m— Continued.
Metallic titsnee :
Of iron and steel
Of brass and copper
Nickel and its alloys with copper and sine :
In pigs, cakes, and scraps
In sheets, rods, and iron
In other work *.
Lead and its alloys with antimony:
In pigs and cakes
Hammered in sheets or in pipes
In type
In otiier work ; also in balls and shot
Pewter and its alloys with lead and antimony
In pigs, rods, and scraps
Hammered in sheets of any kind
In all other work. .'
Zinc:
In nig or scrap . .
lied or sheets.
Bo
In other work, without gilt
In other work, with gilt
Antimony and arsenic in a metallic state
Morcnry
Metals not named and alloys not named:
In raw state ,
In all kinds of work
Guns:
Finished
Id pieces
Pistols and revolvers :
Finished
In pieces
Sabers and swords:
Mounted
Engines, steam :
With or without boilers, and hydraulic
motion.
Locomotive (including tender) and for
vessels with or without boilers.
Not named, and detached parts of ma-
chines.
Gasometers and their appurtenances
Appai-atus of copper and other metals to heat,
refine, distill, &c.
Boilers, detached, of iron and steel plates, with
or without boilers, tubes, or heaters.
Carding apparatus
Cards are classed among machines not
named. Cards and their ftimiture are taxed
separatelv with their respective duty, though
prcsentea together in the custom-house.
vVagons for railways :
For baggage and merchandise
For passengers
Gold:
Crude, in bars, in dust, in scraps
Boiled in sheets, in tinsel, and drawn
through a wire plate.
Wound on silk
Hammered in leaves (without deducting
weight of paper).
Money of
SUver:
Crude, in rods, dust, or scrap
Boiled in sheets, tinsel, or drawn through
wireplate.
Wounaon silk
Hammered in leaves
Money of
Unit.
Quintal
...do ..
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
do
do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.. do
...do
do
.do
Per 100
Quintal
Per 100
Quintal
Per 100
Quintal
do ..
— do ..
.do
..do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Kilogram
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.db
Duties on imports.
General.
Conven-
tional.
M
9
e
o
li
9
20.00
ItaL lire.
lUiLliirs.
20.00
.........
4.00
4.00
10.00
60.00
10.00
100.00
0.50
3.00
5.00
6.00
4.00
15.00
20.00
1.00
4.00
12.00
58.00
1.00
10.00
5.00
100.00
600.00
200.00
350.00
700.00
200.00
8.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
10.00
a 00
8.00
10.00
10.00
8.00
10.00
80.00
9.00
7.00
13.00
15.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
Free
■
Free ....
10.00
10.00
5.00
Free ....
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL C0UMTBIE8.
191
iScheduU of Italian duties on imports and exports— Contlnned.
a
ArtideB.
Cateoobt XIL— Ifintfrob, metalM, and artieUt
made of them — Continned.
J(»welry :
By jewelry is meant objects of Inxnry,
small, precious by work and material, ana
intend^ for personal ornament.
Of gold
Of silver or gilt
Watches and clocks :
Pocket watches in gold cases
Watches in cases of any other metal
Clocks
Stands and glass covers and similar ad-
loncts, though presented with the clock, mnst
be taxed separately, according to the respect-
ive article m the tariff.
Barrel organs and masic boxes
Watch and clock movements :
Of watches
Of boose clocks
For towers and chnrches
Watch and clock famitnre
Stonen, earth, i>ottery, glass and crystal, pre-
cions stones worked :
Rnbies, emeralds, diamonds, &o
Agates, opals, onyx, &c
Marble, rongh
Alabaster, rough . ,
Marble and alabaster of any quality :
In slabs 16 centimeters thick and more. . .
In stataary
Otherwise worked
Stone for building, rough, sawed, sculptured
or polished, comprising statues.
Colored earth (clay) pitchers, jars, &c ... —
Stones, earth, and minerals, not metallic;
chalk, lime, and cement
Brick (tiles, bricks, flat tiles, crude squares
for flooring, ten-a-colta oipes).
Sulphur, raw, or reflned newer of sulphur
Bituminous solids
Coal, mineral, natural, or carbonised (coke) . . .
do
Works of common clay :
Squares for floors, enameled or polished..
Not named (crucibles, jars, stoves, &c.)..
Includeil in these are utensUs and pottery
of common clay without enameling, or only
covered with one metallic coating of brown,
yellow, green, or red.
Mii^olica work:
Common, or of colored paste with opaque
vainish.
Fine or white paste.
Gilt or otberwtse decorated
Works in porcelain :
White
(rilt or otherwise decorated
Prodocts of the ceramic art, decorated with
holders or pedcHtals or other furniture of met-
al, aroclassifleil like merchandise according to
their respective quality, save the exceptions
in the explanatory index.
Plates of cr ratal and glass :
Not polished (except common ones for
windows).
Common, for windows
Silversmith wares :
Gold
Silver, even gilt
Duties on imports.
r>A«<>«.<.i Conven-
General. ^.^^^^
y.
o
H
« o
•5 Pi
0
P
...do
Quintal
...do
...do
Hectogram
Kilogram ..
Ton
Quintal . . . .
...do
...do
...do
Ton ..
Quintal
Ton....
ItdLlire.
14.00
Ital lire.
Ital lire.
10.00
I
3.00
LOO
S.00
2.00
0.25
50.00
20.00
50.00
14.00
9.00
Free ....
0.50
Free ....
0.75
.••••..
Free ....
Free
4.00
Free
Quintal
do ..
Ton
Quintal
Free
Free
Free
0.50
Free
..do.
do
.do
...do
1.10
2.20
do
.do
.do
.do
, ..do
..do
Hectogram
Kilogram . .
9.00
13.00
20.00
l&OO
35.00
LIO
1.50
&00
&00
14.00
9.00
12.00
8.75
192
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Schedule of Italian duties on importe and exports — Continaed.
S
5-2
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
Articlee.
Catbgort Xll.—MineraU, metalt, and arti-
eles made of thefn — Continaed.
Plat-oR of crystal and glass — Continaed.
Polisbed and not I«*a<led
Platet* or panes polished or smoothed are
distin^uiHhed Irom those not polish<^d or
ornde in t hat they first present a uniform
SHi-face, while the common ones far win-
dows are always uneven ; and the others
not poliHbe<l have an uneven surface, and
generally contain scattered sand on the
side which has touched the metal in which
it was molded.
Looking-glasHe^s, framed and nnframed, pol-
ished and quicksilvered ( without, deducting
weight of the immediate case holding the
same).
Works of glass and crystal:
Vases, tubes, and similar vessels having
cuts to indicate the divisions in millime-
ters or degrees are considered as belong-
ing to the class of optical instruments, of
calculation, &a\
Simply blown or molded, not colored,
ground, or cut.
Colored or gronnd
Common bottles
Demijohns
Broken glass •-.
Glass crystals enameled in all kinds, cat as
f:ems, or in pieces for ohandelien, and the
ike, &c.
Glassing and enameling in cakes, in rods, or
in powder.
Cateoobt XIV.— Opreolt, JUmr^ po^te, and
vetietaHe produets not eomprifea «n other
c(Uegorie9.
Wh^atand grain
Grain fotherthan oats)
Oats
Chestnuts
Potatoes
Rice, with husk or withoat ■
Floar
Bran
Paste of wheat
Sea bread and biscuits
Refuse material (fecule)
Starch
Oranges and lemons, also in salt water.
Citrons and limes, also in salt water ...
Fresh grapes
Fresh fruits not nuned
Dates
Carob' fruit
Pistachio nuts, with or withoat hall....
Dried fruits:
Almonds without shell
Almonds with shell
Nuts and small nnts
Oily nuts not named
Fi4»
Raisins
Not named
Fruits, legumes, and vegetables :
In vinegar, in salt, and in oil
Inspirits of wine
Mushrooms and truffles
Hops
BecKls of various kinds
Palm and cocoa oil
Cakes of nuts and other material
Unit.
Qaintal
..do
.do
...do..
Per 100
Qaintal
...do..
....do ..,
.do
Ton —
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
Qaintal
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
..do..
...do..
....do ..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
— do .
.do
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
.do
Duties on imports.
M
o2
General.
Conven-
tionaL
Duties
por
Ital. Ure.
25l00
ItaL lire.
20.00
3&00
a7.00
11. 00
Ital Ure.
50.00
12.00
l&OO
3.00
8.00
Free. ..
60.00
8.00
30.00
14.00
11.60
11.60
Free
do ....
do ....
2.77
0.86
5.50
6.50
Free ....
4.50
8.00
4.00
Free
7.50
Free ....
1.00
Free ....
12.00
1.75
8.00
Free
Free . ..
Free ....
Free ....
10.00
10.00
10.00
2.00
12.00
40.00
10.00
1.00
Free ....
LIO
1.00
Free...
Free....
(a) Works comprised in tiiis article have the conventional daty, thoagh they have edges, bottom, or
stoppers ground or polished.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTUIES.
193
Sohtdale of Italian duties on imports and exports — Continued.
9
Articles.
Unit
Duties on imports.
f
1-
d
General.
Conven-
tional.
261
CATRGOjir XIY.— Cereals, flour, patU, and
vegetable products not compriswi in other
categories--iJoniiaiiiid.
Vegetable products :
Leffumes and vegetables
Quintal
Ital lire.
Free
Ital lire.
Ital lire.
Not, nAni(^<l ......... r .
....do
Free ....
262
CATEOOnT XV. — Animals, products, and re-
mains of animals not comprised in othsr
categoriet.
Horses
Each
20.00
6.00
1.50
l&OO
laoo
7.50
7.50
6.00
3.00
0.20
0.75
2.50
5.00
25.00
5.00
40.00
15.00
Free
Free ....
263
Mules
....d»
254
Asses
do
205
Oxen and bulls, known as such wben tbey
have no longer milk teeth :
Of li>iw tb«p 'A'iO kilofrnMnna r .,.r
do
15.00
15.00
7.50
7.50
5.00
2.00
0.20
Of erealer wcicbt
....do
26G
Cows, known as such after losing their milk
teeth :
Less than 1 50 kilograms of weight
Of lareer weicht
...do
....do
?fl7
Heifers nml steers, known as such if they still
have some milk teeth.
Calves, are so considered when having all the
milk te«-th.
SbecD aud noats
...do
26«
.. do
269
....do
270
Swiue:
do
Weiffhinii more than 20 kilosrams
, . ..do
271
Moat:
Presh. and of fowls
Quintal
Animals, slaughtered but entire, excepting
game, pay same duty as fresh meat when
cut up.
Salted, smoked, or otherwise orenared
....tlo
a20.00
Cooked
do
272
Extract of meat
.. do
273
CrOm** r T......rTT.r^T.....
.... do
274
Leeches
.. do
275
Intestines:
I^Yesh
... do
Free ...
Salted
.... do
4.00
Free
6.00
6.00
10.00
10.00
80.00
Free
276
Fish:
Fresh, of anv kind
... do
Free ....
Dried or smoked
. ...do
(6)
Put down in salt
....do
Put down in oil
....do
Preserved in boxes
....do
...... ....
277
Caviar and other eims of fish, preserved
....do
278
Milk .'.:.
.... do
279
Extract of milk
....do
15.00
10.00
15. CO
15.00
Free
280
ButtiT:
Fresh
... do
5.00
Salted
...do
281
Cheese
. . . do
e8.00
282
Eggs of fowls
.... do
283
Fat of all kinds
...do
1.00
10.00
15.00
Free
284
Stearic acid
.... do .............
285
Stearic candles
....do
286
Bees in hives
....do
287
Honey of all kinds
....do ..a..........
10.00
15.00
20.00
80.00
40.00
10.00
5.00
288
Wax:
Yellow, not worked -
....do
Yellow, worked
....do
"White, unworked
....do .............
White, worked
....do
Waste of wax candles
do
J a) By the treaty there is allowed an importation of 4,000 quintals per year of dried and salted mutton
led "castradlna," at a duty of 5 lire per 100 kilograms, on condition of producing certificates of
origin.
(b) By the treaty are admitted free of duty sardines, anchovies, and the like, packed in salt or in salt
water.
(e) The cheese known as '*brindza,** made of goat and sheep milk, can be imported fh>m AuatiiA*
Hungary up to 800 quintals per year on producing proper certificates of origin.
1784 CONG — A P 13
194
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
289
290
291
202
203
204
295
296
297
298
280
800
801
802
Schedule of Kalian duties on imports and erpoW^^ContiDued.
Unit.
CATEtiOKY XV — Animals, products, and re-
■inainx of animuU not cvinpritied in other
catt>j(>rics — Couimued.
Cluo:
Strong Quintal
Fish — do
FoatluMs:
For omanicnts, not worked KiIo;;ram
For omamcDta, worked ' . . do
For beds | do
Hair :
Not worked ' do
Worked do
SpODfft'8:
Common do
Fine do
Coral«:
rinworked do
Worked, not ornamented in gold do
Ivory, mother of pt-arl. tortoise, uu worked do ...^.
Horns, bonea, and the like, unworked Ton
Compost or manure do
Categoby XVI.
Mcrrery (Merccrie) :
Objects cla8i<«tl in the explanatory index
(Ut'pertorio) as mercerie, without indicating
tho kinds, pass oh fine mercery when loade
in whole or in part of gilt paper painted or
colored ; of ivory, mi>ther of prarl, or tor-
toise; of mosaic or of lava, and when they
aro gaiuislied witli beads, small pearls, and
othtT liivo things of glass, or of crystal, or of
silk, amber (true or falsr), of Russian leather,
or. lastly, when at all gilt or silvered. How-
ex or, if those objects are set in precious
nil tals they pass as silverware or jewelry.
Oi)iect-s classed by said index as common
m^M-cory, when formed exclusively of wood,
jtass an mercery of wood.
Common, except thoseof wood and wooden
toys.
Fine
Ordinary fans
Fine fans.
Mnsic.il instruments:
Oriians for churches
Pori able orizans
ThoRo with keys and bellows and pipes
I utnide, large or small, intended as furniture
for rooms, pay the sjme as vertical pianos.
Pianos, upright or horizontal
Pianos, grand
Harmoniums, or fisarmoniche
Not named —
Instruments, optical, of calculation, of pre-
cision, of observation, chemical, medioat, or
surgical.
India-rubber and entta-percha:
K iw. solid or liniiid
Worked in braids, ribbons, and elastic
tissues.
In other works comprising ohjeota of
dress and footware.
Caps
Hats:
Of pure silk or mixed with other material,
except those gamisheii for ladies.
Of any other material except sti«w, and
except thos * garnished for ladies.
Of any quality, garnished for ladies
Quintal
.do
do
do
...do
Each
...do..
...do..
...do .
...do..
Quintal
..do
..do
..do..
Per 100
...do..
...do ..
. . .do . .
Duties on imports.
r>..««~>i Conven-
Gcneral. ^.^^^i_
M
e
§3
9
Q
Ital. lire.
4.00
10.00
ItaX. Lre. lUxL lirt.
3
35.
Free ,
00
00
3.00
10.00
20.00
100.00
Free . . . .
10.00
10.00
Free —
Free
10.00
06.00
00.00
120.00
140. 00
90.00
150.00
..........
12.00
5w00
80.00
80.00
80.00
15C.00
20.00
2.00
1.00
30.00
Free
115.50
115.50
32.00
82.00
100.00
150.00
100.00
050.00
500.00
a The conventional duty of 50 lire is applied tmly to felt hats. Those of ordinary felt, not gamislwd,
for use of peasan s, when from the Trent, enter Italy at the reduced duty of 15 centimes each on pro*
dnction of proper certificates of origin .
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
195
Schedule of lialian duiies on imports and exporia — Continned.
I
Articlcg.
04
aor?
Catboort XVI— Continued.
Artificial flowers
Materials for artificial flowcFH
By tbcso aro meant those tbings ovideotly
intended to represent parts of flowers, as
leaves, calix. petal, and the like.
Franic-work for articles of fashion
Umbrellas:
These are claused exclnaively with rofntrd
to their covering, and not with regard to their
linintr.
Of silk
Of any other material
Haterial«t for umbrellas
Paint bmAhes with or withont handles
Objects of collection
By these are meant objects not commercial,
having a carious or scientific interest; sam-
ples of objects of natural history, like rare
animals, living, stuffed, or otherwise pre-
served ; empt y Hhells, except mother of pearl ;
samples of minerals, except precious stones;
dried trees or herbs, Sto.i antiques, old armor;
antique furniture, mosaics and works of lava
detached, of all dimensions, and all that be-
longs to numismatics, like medals, cameos,
and stones anciently cut. In objects of col-
lections are not comprised objects of art an-
terior to the lOth century in marble, stone,
or any other material, nor paintings, minia-
tnres, designs on cloth, wooid, walls, copper,
paper, &o., the exportation of which is dis-
ciplined by special laws.
Duties on imports.
Unit.
Gemral.
Kilogram
...do
.do
Per 100
...do..
Quintal
...do..
...do..
It4xl. lire.
10.00
5.00
LOO
120.00
60.00
80.00
15.00
Free....
Conven-
tional.
ItaL lire.
H
«
Ml
•*»
0
P
Jtal. lire.
I pr. ot
196
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
SPECIAL TABIFF OF HALT WITH FBAHCE.
UEPORT BY CONSUL OBAIN, OF MILAX.
1 have the honor to inclose herewith a list of duties on articles of
French origin or manufacture imported into Italy as established by
the treaty of commerce concluded between Italy and France November
3, 1881, and put in force the 16th ultimo.
The duties on articles exported from Italy to France, prescribed by
the fourth article of the treaty, are also contained in this list, though
they do not differ from the Italian export duties previously existing.
In my dispatch No. 46, of the 11th of March last, I inclose<l to the
Department a schedule embracing the duties on imports into Italy both
under the Italian general tariff and the treaty concluded between Italy
and AustriarHupgary December 27, 1878.*
That schedule, together with the list herewith inclosed, comprehends
the whole rSgime of Italian import and export duties.
DUNHAM J. CEAIN,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Milauj June 26, 1882.
Italian duties on imports of French origin or manufacture under the treaty between France
and Italy in force on and after May 16, 1882.
Articles.
Category 1.—Spirit8, beverages, and mis.
Waters, mineral, natural or m-tifloial, and aerated waters
Wines in casks, of all kinds (casks excluded)
Same m bottles
Spirits:
Not sweetened or aromatized, comprising rum, aqna vitas in casks
(casks included).
Sweet cn^'d or aiomatized, in casks
Of ail kiuWs, in bottles of a capacity exceeding a half litw but not
more than a liter.
Of every kind, in bottles, of a capacity of one-half liter or less
Oils, firm :
Of olive 1
Not named.
Categouy III. — Chemical products, medicinal compounds, rosins, and
per/iwiery.
Empty boxes for above articles
Medicines compounded, not named, accepted by a faculty of medicine
(without tare for the immediate covers).
Gums and rosins, indigenous, crude
8oapi>:
C ommon •
Perfumed.
Sealing wax
Perfumery :
With base of alcohol (without tare for the immediate cover, and not
comprising the internal taxes).
Not having alcohol as a base
Unit.
100 kilo^rrams.
Hectoliter
..do
.do
.. do..
The 100
.do
100 kilograms.
do
...do
...do
do
do
do
do
..do
.do
Publisbed in Commercial RelatioDB for 1879, yoI. 2, p. 825.
Duties on
imports.
Ital. Urt.
0.50
4.00
4.00
liOO
23.00
'^- 00
18.00
3.00
6.00
60.00
12.00
LOO
6.00
12 00
80.00
87.50
12.00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
197
Italian duties on imports of French origin, tf-c. — CoDtinued.
Articles.
Catioort IV. — Coloring materials /or dyeing and tanning.
CdoTinK matter derired tnm tar or from other bitnminoas sabatancea :
In a dry atat«
In iMiateor liquid
ColoriDfE extractafrom wood for dyeing, and other dyeing mat«riala
ofallkinda.
Sxtractn from cbeatnot and other tannic Joicea, liqnld or aolid extraota
from vegetablea.
Coloring matirala in cakes or in powder
Sboe-blacking
Catboobt Y.—Hsmp, Jlax, juts, and othsr fibrous MjpetaNM (etreltitiM
q^eoffon).
Covdagp, cablea, alao tarred .
Twine
Tbrrad:
Of flax, ain'gle emde, waahed or whitened
Of licmp, aingle, tinted
Of hemp, twftted, crude, waahed or bleached.
Of hemp, twiated, tinted
Of flax and hemp, not having over five threada of warp within a
•pace of 5 millimeters, crude or white, not comprising the pack-
ing cloth.
Of packing cloth, girths, ond tubing
Tinted or made of tinted thread
Of flax and of hemp, having in the warp more than five threads in
the apace of 5 millimeters, crude, bleached or mixed with white.
Tinted or manufactured of tinted threads
Of flax or hemp, printed
Of flax or hemp, embroidered
Of flax, waxed for floors, and stufBs tarred and oiled
Of all other kinda
Knitted goods and braids of flax and of hemp
Bottom and ribbons of flax audhemp
I^ees and tulles of flax and hemp ,...
Sewed articles (10 per cent, in audition to duty on tissues of which they
are made.)
Catbooht YI.— CoOotm.
Tisaaea, cotton :
Of cotton, ciudc, which weigh 13 kilograms or more every 100 meters
square, and preaent in warp and woof, in a square of 6 millimeters
to the side. 27 elementary toreada or less.
Horn than 27 threads
Crude, which weigh 7 kilograms or more but leaa than 13 every 100
meters square, and present with woof and warp, in a square of 6
miUimetera the side, 27 elementary threada or lesa.
More than 27 threads
Crude, which weigh less than 7 kilograms every 100 meters square,
and present in woof and warp, in a square of 6 millimetera the
aide, 27 elementary thruada or lesa.
Ifore than 27 threads
Bleached (dutiea as on tissues crude and 20 per cent, in addition).
Colored or tinted (duties as on tissues crude, with 35 fhmcs in addi-
tion for every ]()0 kilograms).
Printed (duties aa on tiasues, bleached, plna 70 Dranoa per 100 kilo-
grams).
Waxed for floors and tiaaues tarred
AU other kinds
Boitooa, knit gooda, braida, and cotton covera
Galloona and cotton ribbona
Cotton velvet:
Crude
White
Tinted
Sewed articlea (duties of the article of which they are compoaed,
pfaialOpercent.).
Catboobt YII.— IToot, hair, and Isathsr.
Wool in maaa. natural, washed, combed, tinted; waste of wool
Hair erode or tinted, and skins of all kinda.
Hair curled, cords, and coarse work in hair
Thread:
Of wool OT of leather, aimple crude or white
Tinted
Of wool twisted, crude or white
Of wool twisted, colored
Unit.
100 kilograms.
...do
— do
100 kilogiama.
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
— do
...do
...do
...do
.. do
...do
.. do
..do
...do
...do
...do
Per kilogram
100 kilograms.
...do
— do
...do
.. do
.do
Duties on
imports.
ItalUrs.
1S.0O
10.00
12.60
Free.
12.00
5.00
8.00
4.00
11.58
17.10
23.10
84.05
23.10
12.00
8a 00
57.75
90.00
115.00
260.00
20.00
40.00
110.00
100.00
80.00
67.00
tLt»
00.00
7&00
8a 00
100.00
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
100 kilograms.
.do
.do
.do
.do
26.00
60.00
100.00
00.00
120.00
140.00
155.00
Freo.
xree.
&00
6000
75.00
00.00
00.00
198
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEUAL COUNTRIES.
Italian duties on imporia of French origin, ^c. — Continued.
Articles.
Catkoobt VIL— TFooI, }uUr, and 20a(A«r->Coiitinaed.
HattTMaes of all kiDds
Tiasaes:
Of carded wool
Of wool, carded, with warp compoaed entirely of cotton
Of wool, combed
Combed, with warp entirely composed of cotton thread.
Embroidered
Felt. forhaU
Felt, tarred, compressed, for soles, 6i,c
Tissues :
Of hair, for upholstei-ing
Of every other kind
Koitted and braids
Galloons and ribbons
Buttona*
Laces nml tulles
Covers of waste wool, of bands or strips, or selvage of cloth
Car])ets of waste wool, of bands or strips, and of Mlvage of cloth
Covers and carpets of wool
bewed artiolea (dm ies of the tissnes of which they are made, plus 10 per
cent, of those duties).
Catkgobt yni.
Silk worm eggs.
Cocouns
do
do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
.do
do
do
do
SUk:
Baw or worked, not tinted
Haw or worked, tinted
Sewing silk ^
Waste of silk:
Combed
llaw
Span
Tinted
Velvet of silk
Tissuea:
Of silk, black and lostrooa
Of ailk, not named
Of waste silk
Of waste silk, or silk mixed with other materials in which silk
waste enters in the proportion of tnmx 12 to SO per cent.
Ordinary, of waste of silk, or of hand-spun waate of ailk (barallo)
mixed or not with other materiala.
Laces and tnllea of ailk
Laces and tnllea of ailk, worked
Tulles and galloona of silk or silk waste, with gold or silver, fine or falae
Bnttoos covered with staffs of ailk or auk waate:
Ifthe staff is plain
Same if worked
Sumo if mixed with other material and plain
Same if mixed with other material and worked
Articles sewed (duty of the artiole of which compoaed, with 10 per
cent, of additional of that dnty) .
CathtiOBT IX.~irood and ttraw.
Furniture, not npholatered:
lu \voo<i, curved, also vamiahed, with or without cane
Other in common wood
Furniture of ordinary wood, npholatered
Furniture of ebony, veneered or inlaid or npholatered
Utensils and other works in common wood :
Koi polished nor colored
Others
IUmuI -carts, common wagons:
For roads, common
Of 2 wheels
Of4 wheels and 4 springs
Ofmore than 4 springs
Braids:
Of straw
Of bark, of broom, d^c, for fine hats
For ordinary hata ,
For oorda and other worka
Hata with atraw, not with garniture (compriaing hata of palm,
chip, Sec.).
*Thoae bnttona only pay 220 lire whoae tiaane ia covered with omamenta.
•tufb pay aa fine mercery, i. a., £ancy gooda.
Unit.
Dotiea on
importa.
100 kilograma.
. do
. do
. do
. do
. do
..do
..do
. do
. do
. do
.do
.do
. do
.do
. do
. do
100 kilograma.
... do
..do
..do
Per kilogram .
Quintal
.. do..
...do..
...do..
do
do
Each
..do
...do
...do
Per 100
Ital. lire.
15.00
iiaoo
83.50
170.00
130.00
400.00
I&OO
7.00
W.00
165.00
200.00
220.00
5 220. 00
\ 110. 00
soaoo
60.00
60.00
110.00
Free.
Free.
Free.
Free.
lYee.
10.00
Fioe.
50.00
100.00
6.50
4.00
4.76
4.00
2.60
2.00
aoo
12.00
10.00
LOO
4.00
LOO
2.00
7.50
13.00
40.00
40.00
Free.
&00
22.00
33.00
110.00
330.00
Freei
Free.
Free.
Free.
10.00
All other bnttona of
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBIES.
199
Italian duties on imports of French origin, If-c. — Contioued.
Articles.
Unit
do
du
do
Catkgobt X.— Paper and books.
Paper, colored, gilf, or painted, ftnished
Geographical maps
Pi inta, litUojiraplis
Books:
Printed, seirod, or simply boond
Bound in past eboani
Boand in leather or parchment
In whatever other wanner bound !... do
Music, ptintcd ' .. do
Catkgobt Xl.—Leather or skins.
Skins:
Moroccoed, in all colors
Varnished
Varnished or moroccoed, out in legs, soles, or strips for hats
Muffi. of skins:
Fine
Common
Per 100
100 kiloCTams.
..do..
GloTes of skim* of all kinds, also simply cat ' Pi>r 100 pairs.
Boots and shoes and boskins.
All other kinds
Valises
Works in skins, tanned, without hair, not named.
Catbgobt Xn.— If in^roif, metals, and man%faetwrss thsreqf.
Cast iron:
InpiK
Worked, in piece*, crude
Pieces, molded, turned. Sec
Iron, crude, and steel, in pig
" B or steel, not tempered :
Plated or beaten (ro<ls of more than 5 millimeters in diameter and
bars of any dimenaions).
Id rods (comprising wire of 5 millimeters at least of diameter or of
width).
In plates of the thickness of 4 millimeters or more
Under 4 millimeters of thickness, and also in tubes
and steel:
Forged in anchors, axles of wagons, anvils, and other crude works. .
In railroad rails
Of second manufacture, iron works, simple
Garnished with oth<r metals
Sheets of i*t>n coated with tin. with £ino, or lead :
Not work*»d
Worked, also gai nished with other metals
Steel:
Tempered, in springs of any kind
Otherwise worked
Knives for the arts and trades, and knives witli wooden handles,
common, not garnished.
UtcsMils and instruments for the arts and agrioulture and trades of
iron, steel, or iron and steeL
Sickles and small sickles
Not named
Copper, braas, and bronce :
In pig, in cake, filings, and pieces
In plates, cixMs-bars, leaves, plates, or tubes
In wires of less than 5 millimetcov of thickness
Drawn in network, in crude work
Inotherworks
In rods, in gilt or silvered wire
Gil k or sil vered, covered wi th thread or tissue
Gilt or silvered, in other works
Woven stufb:
In ircm or steel
In brass or copper
mokel, with its alloys with copper and sine, in pieces, in cake, and scr&p
mckel:
In leftves, cakes, and wire
Inotherworks
Tin and its sllojs with lead and antimony :
In cake, in pieces, and scraps
Beaten in leaves of every kind
Inotherworks .'
Xetab and metalUe alloys not named:
In erode state
la works of any kind
do
.- do
Eaeh
100 kilograms. .
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
Duties on
imports.
ItaL lire.
20.00
Frea
50.00
Free.
12.00
20.00
leo.oo
5.00
75.00
75.00
75.00
600.00
800.00
7.50
110. CO
70.00
2.00
50.00
Free.
4.00
5.00
2.0*
4.02
8.00
4.63
&00
7.00
3.00
11.80
14.00
10.76
16.00
15.00
25.00
16.00
10. CO
10.00
12.00
4.00
10.00
15.00
15.00
25.00
100.00
100.00
120.00
20.00
20.00
4.00
10.00
60.00
4.00
15.00
20.00
10.00
S.00
100.00
200
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Italian duties on imports of French origin, ^*o. — Continued.
Articles.
Catsoort XTL—Mineralt, metaU, and manv/aetunt thtreof.
Hachinet, by stenm :
Stationary, with or without boilers, and hydraulic motors
Locomotives for railways and others, and machinery for navigation,
with or without boilers.
Not named and parts of machines
Gasometers and their accessories
Apnaratnees of copper and other metals to heat, refine, to distill, &o —
Boilers, in iron or steel plates, with or without tubes
Freight railrosd wagons
Passenger railroad carriages
Gold:
Cylindtred and polished and perforated
woven in silk
Beaten in sheets (without deducting weight of paper)
Silver:
Cylindered, in sheet, and polished and perforated
Woven In silk -
Beaten in sheets (without deducting weight of paper)
Jewelry and table plate :
Of gold
Of silver or gilt
Jewelry:
Of gold
Of gold or gilt
Timepieces:
Watches in gold cases
In cases of any other metal
Table clocks and wall clocks
Cvlinder organs or mnsic boxes ■
Movements of clocks or watches
Movements of table clocks and wall clocks
Movements of clocks of towers or churches
Clock furniture
Coal and coke J.
Porcelain, eatlhenware, and glassware :
Earthenware, common ware, in pitchers, glazed, or enameled
Not named
Mi^oUca, common, colored with dark varnish
Fine or white
G il t or otherwise decorated
Of white porcelain
Of porcelain, gilt, or otherwise decorated
Plates of glass or crystal, not polished, of thickness of 4 millimeters
or more.
For windows
Polished, without qulbkstlver
Looking-glasses in fhimes, and plates of looking-glasses, polished
and silvered, without tare.
Works of glass and crystal, simply blown or melted, not colored nor
ground nor cut.
Colored or ground
Bottles, common
Dem^onos
Glasses and crystals enameled, cut in beads, or in pierced pieces —
Glass in cake, or bars, or powaer
Alimentary or vegetable products:
Paste of wheat
Sea biscuits or bread
Waste provisions
Oranges, lemons, even if in salted water
Clttons
Fresh fruits not named
Dates
Pistachio-nuts, with or without shells
Dried fruits, almonds, with or without shells
Nuts or small nuts .'
Oil-nnts not named
Not named, except figs and grapes
Fruits and vegetables, in vinegar, salt, or oil
In spirits of wine
DiflereDt seeds
Oil of palm or cocoaout
Cakeof nuts or other mat eiial
Vegetable products and fresh vegetables
Not named
Fresh meats and poultry
Salted, smoked, or otherwise prepared
Cooked
Extracts of meat and soup paste
Unit.
100 kilograms
do
do
do
.do
do
do
do
Per kilogram
W'AoV.'.V.'.V,
do
.do
do
Per hectogram
Per kilogram ..
Per hectogram .
Per kilogram . .
Bach
....do
.. do
...do
... do
100 kilograms.
...do...
. -do
100 kilograms
— do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
..do
Per 100
100 kilograms.
do
...do
do
do
100 kilograms.
100 kilograms.
100 kilograms
— do
...do
100 kilograms.
...do..:
...do
...do
DntinoD
imports.
ItaL Un.
6lO0
&00
&00
aoo
10.00
8.00
7.00
13.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
S.0O
14.00
5.00
7.00
10. M
3.00
1.00
5.00
2.00
0.25
50.00
20.00
5a 00
Free.
1.10
1.50
aoo
12.00
IH.OO
12.00
32.00
3.75
aoo
20.00
35.00
7.00
11.00
3.00
3.00
30.00
5.00
5.50
5.50
Free.
2.00
Free.
Free.
Free.
aoo
Free.
Free.
Free.
2.00
aoo
40.00
Free.
1.00
Free.
Free.
Free.
&00
20.00
5.00
40.00
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTEIES.
201
Italian duties on imparts of French origin^ ^c. — Continued.
Articles.
Sardines and the like, salted or in oil, oven in boxes
Fats ot nil kinds
Stearic acid
Stearic caudles
Glne, strong
Fish pine
Feathers and hats :
Feathers for ornament, worked
Hats, worked
Sponges, corals, and comiKMts :
Sponges, common
Corals, crude or worked
Composts., i
Mercery, common, and fans :
Mercery, common, except those of wood and wooden toys ^. . .
Fine
Fans, fine
Common
Mnsical instmments :
Church organs
Portable organs
Pianos, horizontal or vertical
Grand piano-fortes
Harmoniums and the like
Instioiments not named
Caps and hats :
Caps '.
Hats of pure silk or mixed with other material, except garnished
hats for ladies.
Hats of any other material except of straw, of felt, and those gar-
nished for ladies.
Hats of felt
Hats of any quality garnished for ladies
'Objects of fashion:
Artificiul flowers
Materials for art iflclal flowers
Frames for articles of fasliion
Objects for collections
Unit.
100 kilograms.
..do
do
do
do
.do
Per kilogram
do
100 kilograms
100 kilograms
.- do
...do
...do ,
..do
£ach.
...do
.. do
..do
...do
Per 100
do . .
do
.do
do
1 kilogram
...do ....
...do
Duties on
imports.
Ital. lire,
10.00
1.00
&00
15.00
4.00
10.00
15.00
10 00
15.00
100.00
Free.
Free.
00.00
100.00
150.00
90.00
12.00
6.00
60.00
75.00
20.00
1.00
100.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
500.00
6.00
5.00
LOO
Free.
Italian export duties established by the treaty of commerce with France,
Boracicncid
Marine and rock salt
Tartar and dregs of wiDo
Dyeing and tanning materials
Dyeing and tanning materials, ground.
Silk, raw and worked —
Waste of silk, raw or combed
Rags of all kinds
Skms, fresh and dry
Minerals of iron
Mini-ralsofluad .«
Mine'al of copper
Sulphur
Seeds, various
Objects for collections
100 kilograms.
Per ton
100 kilograms .
...do
...do
.. do
...do
..do
Per 100
Per ton
...do
...do
100 kilograms.
V.'.do '.','.'.'.'.'.'.'
2.20
22.00
2.20
27.00
55.00
38.50
8.80
8.80
2.20
22.00
2.20
6.50
1.10
1.10
* The Italian Government reserves the right to establish an export duty on articles for coUeotlona.
202 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
TARIFF OH GOTTOH-SEED OIL.
Consul-General Eichmond, of Eome, informs the Department that
the law increasing the duty on imported cotton seed oil from 6 lire, the
old tariff, to 20 lire per quintal, pure or mixed, and imposing a tax of
14 lire per quintal on cotton-seed oil manufactured in Italy went into
effect on the 22d of April last. It was understood, however, at Rome
that, in anticipation of the passage of this law, the importers of Genoa,
Leghorn, Naples, and Venice had a six months' supply on hand when
the new tariff took effect.
TAX UFOH COTTOHSEED OIL IH ITALY.
REPORT BY CONSUL GRAIN, OF MILAN.
The law passed by the Italian Parliament imposing a duly of 14 lire
per quintal on all imports of cotton-seed oil was designed, as is known,
for the protection of the olive-oil industry of Ital^'. The advocates of
the measiire claimed that the admixture of cotton oil with olive oil, and
its sale as olive oil, was a direct damage to one of the largest agricult-
ural interests of the country.
The law in question went into operation -on the 22d of April, 1881,
an<lhas brought results very different from those anticipated, as will
be seen by the following :
The monthly imports of cotton-seed oil from March 1, 1881, to March
1, 1882, were as follows :
QaintalB.
March, 1881 60,228
April, 1881 94.378
May, 1881 98,614
June, 1881 98,614
July, IttSl 98,627
August, 1881 98,627
September, 1881 98,632
October, 1881 98,632
November, 1881 98,639
December, 1881 98,740
Januarv, 1882 None
February, 1882 .* 110
During the same months the exportation from Italy of* olive oil was
as follows :
QaintalA.
March, 1881 201.485
April, 1881 265,503
May, 1881 316.655
June, 1881 370,005
July, 1882 : 400,121
August, 1881 449,411
September, 1881 504.253
October, 1881 563,828
November, 1881 627,970
December, 1881 677,990
January, 1882 52,059
February, 1882 102,511
These figures would indicate that the importations of cotton-seed oil
subsequent to April, 1881. were made under contracts which ran to
January 1, 1882, from which date all importations practically ceased.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 205
Tbey further show that the mixing of cotton oil with olive oil enabled
the Italian dealers to find foreign markets for large and always increas-
ing quantities of Italian olive oil; but that the exportation of olive oil
almost entirely ceased with the stoppage of the supply of cotton oil.
31r. A. Rossi, to whom I am indebted for these data, and who is one
of the ablest of Italian writers on questions of political economy, does
not hesitate to declare the law a blunder, in an article recently pub-
lished in the " Sole,^ the leading commercial newspaper of this country^ *
Its repeal may be expected.
DUNHAM J. GRAIN,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Milan, April 5, 1882.
TASIFP OH COTTOH-SEED OIL.
REPORT BY YICECONSUL-OENEBAL HOOKER, OF ROME
I have the honor to inform 3'ovi that the Italian Chamber of Deputies
have just approved a bill increasing the duty on cotton-seed oil, pure or
mixed with other oils, from 6 to 20 lire per quintal. The same act also
fixes a tax of 14 lire per quintal on cotton-seed oil made in Italy. The
bill has been referred to the Senate for confirmation.
The Italian cabinet strongly supported this bill in the Chamber, and
sought to show that it was necessary to raise the price at which cotton-
seed oil may be obtained ; claiming that the heavy adulteration of olive
oil with cotton-seed for table use is injuring the home production of
olive oil and discrediting it on foreign markets.
The new duty will seriously affect our trade in cotton-seed oil with
Italy; the fine quality being chiefly imported from the United States.
I may say that the manufacture of cotton-seed oil in Italy is of little or
DO importance.
As showing the growing importance of the American trade in cotton-
seed oil with Italy, I may add that according to Italian statistics 140,000
quintals were imported from the United States and Canada during the
five years, 1875 to 1879 ; during the year 1880 these imports ran up to
213,754 qninUls.
J. C. HOOKEPv,
Vice-Comvl'QeneraU
United States Consulate-General,
Rome, March 8, 1881.
OUB HEW TAEIFF AHD ITAUAH EXPOBTS.
REPORT BY CONSUL DUNCAN, OF NAPLES.
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of a copy of the act ap-
proved March 3, 1883, to modify the internal-revenue taxation and the
duties on imports into the United States.
It may not be amiss for me, in this connection, to refer briefly to the
effect this modification of the tariff will probably have upon exporta-
tions to the United States from this consular district as well as from
elsewhei-e in Italy.
204 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Tbe duties on some of the more important articles shipi)ed from here
is either not changed at all or so lightly that exportation will not likely
to be sensibly affected.
Oloves. — For instance, the doty on lambskin gloves, the most impor-
tant article in valne of exportation from Naples, remains at 50 per cent.,
as heretofore.
Fruit. — ^The duty on green fruit (oranges and lemons) is made specific
instead of ad valorem — a decided improvement, and is perhaps slightly
loitered, but likely not enough to make much change in the business.
Tartar or argots (partially refined) is reduced 33 per cent., that is,
from 6 cents to 4 cents per pound, which will, no doubt, be favorable to
an increase of business.
Licorice. — ^The same may be said of licorice in sticks, which is largely
shipped from here, and which has been reduced 25 per cent; but the
duty remains 40 to 45 per cent, on the value here — certainly a pretty
heavy duty.
Macaroni, one of the specialties of Naples, has been put on the free
list, instead of ha\ing to pay 2 cents per pound, which, I do not doubt,
will considerably increase the exiK)rtation.
Silk. — The reduction of duties on silkj in which North Italy is so
largely interested, will doubtless be favorable to an increase of business.
Works of art. — But while the foregoing modifications of our tariff may
be regarded as favorable to an increase of business, the same cannot
be said a« to the change of duty on works of art (paintings, statuary,
&c.), in which Italy is perhaps almost more interested than any other
country. The principle on which works of art for public institutions
have been hitherto admitted free, and for individuals at the moderate
duty of 10 per cent, was that the introduction of what tended to edu-
cate and elevate the public taste ought to be encouraged. As Italy is
a country where Americans invest largely in works of art of all kinds,
this action of Congress is, of course, not well received. Nor does it seem
to be more favorably regarded by American artists residing in Italy for
the purpose of study and the exercise of their profession than by Ital-
ians. A prominent American artist from Borne told me a few days ago
that all but one of those resident there were opposed to any duty at all
on objects of art, and considered that the best encoura-gement our Gov-
ernment could give to American artists was to promote by free admis-
sion whatever tended to cultivate and educate the popular ta«te for art.
He said the artists contemplated taking steps to make their views on the
subject known publicly before the meeting of the new Congress, next
autumn. He added that in Italy every facility was afforded American
artists for the prosecution of their studies, and that they felt highly in-
dignant that our Congress should act so illiberal towards Italian artists
in return. He said, too, that they were afraid the Italian Government
might be induced to impose an export duty of 30 per cent, on all ob-
jects of art made by American artists in Italy, which, while it would
only be a just retaliation, would have the effect of driving them all out
of tbe country and excluding them from all the advantages of art study
in Italy.
If this is the feeling among American artists, the very class Congress
intended to benefit, and we see that it is the same in New York, Paris,
and Munich, of course it is still stronger among Italian and other for-
eign artists, against whom the action was directed.
B. O. DUNCAN,
ConsuL
United States Consulate.
Naples, April 28, 1883.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 205
AU8TBO.hu NG A BY.
THE AU8TB0-HUH0ABIAH TARIFF.
REPORT OF 00K8VL-QENEBAL WEAVER, OF VIENNA.
Beferriug to my dispatch, No. 235, transmitting duplicate copies in
the original text of the new general tariff law of Austria-Hungary,
which was proclaimed on the 2Sth ultimo, and which went into opera-
tion Ist instant, I have now to inform you that a careful translation of
the complete law and tariff has this day been forwarded to the Depart-
ment by direct mail under separate cover for publication if deemed of
sufficient importance.
As was pointed out in my dispatch, No. 209, the changes established
by the new law are material, constituting, in many instances, an enor-
mous increase of duties, partly as a protection to home industries, but
more generally for increase of revenue.
The various changes can be seen by comparing the new tariff with
the former one of June 27,- 1878, published in our Commercial Belatious
for 1878, pp. 127-140. The rates of tare in the new law have likewitse
been modified in certain instances, but the changes are not deemed of
sufficient importance to warrant a translation and publication different
from that which appears on pp. 140-144 of Commercial Eelations of
1878.
JAMES RILEY WEAVER,
ConsuIrOeneraL
United States Consulate-Genebal,
Vienna^ June 17, 1882.
Zxiw of May 25, 1882, regarding the general customs tariff of the Austro-Hungarian customs
district.
With the coDsent of both houses of my Parliament, I decree as follows :
Article I. The provisioDs of this law are valid through the general cnstoms and
trade districts of the Austro-Hangarian Empire, but do not apply to the districts ex-
empt from customs duties.
Abt. II All goods imported are dutiable unless expressly declared free of dut}', and
are subject to those duties which are prescribed in the accompanying customs tariff
cm imports, according to the class to which the goods belong. Where it is not ex-
pressly stated otherwise in the tariff, articles of consumption are also to pay, accord-
ing to legal regulations, the internal, state, province, or city tax and additional ex-
penses.
For goods in transitu no duty is to be collected.
An export duty is only to be paid on such goods as are specified in the customs tariff
on exports.
Akt. III. Goods coming from countries which treat Austrian and Hungarian vessels
or goods of Austrian and Hungarian origin with less favor than the vessels or goods
of other nations, are subject on ent>ering to an additional payment of 30 percent., and
if the tariff declares them to be free, then a special ad valorem duty of 15 per cent,
will be.levied upon them.
The Govern ment has a right to make exceptions from this rule and either apply it to
certain categories of goods, or classify the categories of goods under a higher or lower
tariff.
Art. IV. An alphabetical list of goods to be published will determine the detailed
arrangement of each article in the proper class of the customs tariff according to their
letter and spirit. In cases of necessity the same may be revised and corrected.
Chemical products mtering for the first time into conmierce, or paying by virtue of
206 TARIFFS OF THE SFVEBAL COUNTRIES.
tariff nnmber 331 a duty exceeding 15 per cent, ad valorem, may be classified nnder
another tariff nnmber, according to their composition and use or according to their
Talue.
Tho publication of this list of goods and its supplement in the countries represented
in the Reichsrath may, contrary to tho law of June 10, l'r69 (U. G. B., No. i:>^h, l>e lim-
ited to an issue of the list of articles and its supulenient in the Keichs;;e.selzhlatt.
Art. V. Gootls composed of ditferent stuffs, not belonging to fancy ariiclc*, or other-
wise specially provided for (taritf number :<07-316) the paits composing belonging to
different tariff classes, will be taxed according to the main material composing the
goods, and in case this be doubtful, to that material which in the tariff* pays a higher
duty. Articlet* composed of materials varionbly taxed will, if the materials are not
specially classified in the tariff, be taxed like that compouent which in the tariff pays
a higher duty, provided the material is not represented in too insignificant quantities.
More detailed instructions will follow.
Art. VI. The import and the transit of articles forming a monopoly of the state
(f*alf, powder, tobacco, and manufactures of tobacco) can take place only by permit
of the competent authority. The Government has a right to limit the transit of cer-
tain goods for reasons of public health or public safety. For the present the existing
laws regulating this traffic remain in force.
Art. VII. In case of bad harvests at home, the Government has the right to abro-
gate temporarily the duties on all or certain kinds of grain and leguminous plants;
on aill or certain frontiers under protective control aud restriction.
Art. VIII. From the payment of import duties are free :
1. Articles intende<l for the immediate use of the Emperor.
2. Articles intende<l for the immediate use of diplomatic persons accredited to the
imperial and royal court, according to special orders.
3. Tobacco leaves for tho Government manufactories ; also, salt, gunpowder, and
manufactures of tobacco for the Government stores, or purchased by inhabitants of
tho exempted customs districts from places of sale in the exempted customs districts.
4. Resultsof Government mining from the imperial and royal sale-factory at Trieste.
5. Military effects, such as uniforms, armor, weapons, munitions, army baggage (in
which are included bed-fixtures, medical and hospital requisites), also horses iu .use
between bodies of tro'^ps, or naval establishments in and out of the customs district;
blasting materialsand explosives for the military technical experiments of the army.
6. Official requisites sent by Government authorities from the exempted enstoms
districts into the customs districts.
7. Effects of emigrants from foreign countries, and from the exempted customs dis-
tricts into the customs districts; also machines and parts of machines ; manafactur-
ing implements and tools of the same, if these articles are intended for their own use
aud are adapted to their own circumstances and bear traces of continuous use.
The dower of persons who, on account of their marriage, move into the customB
district, so far as they are adapted to ti eir circumstances.
From this exemption from duties are excluded all articles of consumption, cattle,
dry goods not made up, and raw stuffs.
8. Inheritances ; furniture, bouse, table, and kit-chen articles, clothing, underclothes,
bed and table linen ; implements in use; tools in use, &o., so far as they are for the
inheritor's use and are adapted to his or her circumstances.
Articles enumerated under No. 7, paragraph 3, are eiAsluded from the free entry.
9. Objects of art and science intended for collections of public, scientific, and art
institutes, works of Austrian aud Hungarian artists staying in foreign countries.
10. Anatomical preparations, skeletons, and corpses.
11. Antiquities, when there is nodoubt that their value lies essentially in their age,
and that they are adapted to no other purpose and use thail for a collection.
12. Objects disposed of judicially.
13. Decorations and exhibition medals which iiave been conferred.
The formalities to be observed regarding No. 1, as well as the necessary proofs, to be
larnished and conditions to be fulfilled respecting the rest will be mane pnbUo at
some future time. For the present the existing regulations continue in force.
Art. IX. Also to be entered free of duty :
1. Travelers' effects, as linen, clothing, bedding, traveling requisites, gold and
silver service, and other valuables, ifiechanics' tools, as well as artists' implements
and instruments, teamsters' and fishers' clothing and linen, books, food, medicine for
nse on the journey, tobacco, according to the prescribed amount (at present not more
than 35 grams or 10 cigars), if intended for the personal use of the traveler, and in
their nature and amount are adapted to his or her need, condition, and station.
Household furniture and articles for furnishing a house, which have been in use,
belonging to travelers or persons iu public service, may be entered free if they intend
to reside more than one year in Austria-Hungary, and this intention is satisfactorily
proved.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 207
The same privilege may also bo {^ranted to Iho iiativea of the country "who, after
an absence of more than one year, rotnru into the customs district.
2. Means of transport, as travelers^ carriages, vehicles for the transportation of per-
sons or property, sleighs and wheelbarrows, panniers, dossers, and similar contrivances
for carrying loads, the necessary horses and beasts of burden, and vessels (including
their inventoried property, if the vessels belong to foreij^uei-s, or if domestic vessels,
have the same or similar inventoried property as when they saile<l), provided that the
carriages show plainly marks of use, and that the persons and goods transported, the
place of destination, the direction, the means of transportation, and the nature of the
transport show them to be only for the conveyance of persons or property, and that the
joorney is not undertaken for the purpose of entering vehiclea free of duty.
3. Provisions for ships entering and clearing, including the beer for use on board of
the vessels navigating the Danube.
4. Sample cards and patterns cut out, or samples which are only intended for use
as such ; but all samples of edibles or tobacco are excluded.
5. Covers and cases in which dutiable goods are packed, except in the following
cases :
a. When they exceed the tare allowed to the goods.
h. If goods have case^ and wrappers in which they are not nsually packed, and which
arc worth more than the goods themselves.
6. All goods which weigh less than 25 grams, or when the duty is less than 2 kreu-
zers. In cases of abuse, this privilege may be withdrawn temporarily from persons or
certain districts.
7. Goods which have been completely destroyed in the Government stores. Id case
they are only damaged, so far as their original use is concerned, as wine, which may
be used for vinegar, the competent financial authorities may allow a proper reduction
of duty. The exemption from paying duty or reduction may also be granted when
the goods have already passed the post-office and have been damaged before they
reached the person to whom they were addressed. More detailed regulations will be
poblished.
Art. X. The following are also free from importation duties :
1. Articles necessary ibr bnilding and equipping ships according to. the law of
March 30, 1873.
2. Goods and articles imported to be improved, repaired, or finished, may be entered
in the customs district, provided that the re-export of the improved, repaired, or fin-
ished goods and articles shall take the place within a period of time set by the financial
anthorities, and that the identity between the imported and re-exported goods can be
proved.
3. Goods and articles which are exported into the districts exempt from customs
to be iujproved, repaired, or finished, and are reimported into the customs district
from the exempted districts, improved, repaired, or finished, upon the conditions pre-
sciibed under 2.
4. Goods, articles of consumption excepted, which are exported from the cnstoms
district to foreign markets or fairs, or in cases of nncertain sale, which are brought
back unsold.
The measures of control in relation to these privileges (1 to 4) will be regulated by
ordinances.
Goods which were sent for sale to foreign countries, and, on account of nnforseen
binderancee, return unsold without having been offered for sale there, ma^ be re-en-
t«'red free by special permission of the competent financial authorities. If, however,
it andonbtedly appears from manufacturers' marks or stamps attached, or in default
of these from the outer appearance of the goods that they are a product of the Austro-
Hangarian customs territory returned from abroad, with duly-authenticated identitjfr,
a reentry free from daty may be granted even if the goods, while abroad, were m
free circulation.
Articles intended for exhibition, as well as objects to be used in experiments in pub-
lic iDstitutes, or temporarily for the benefit of the public, may be entered free when
declared on entering to be intended for re-export.
The measnies for the control regarding transportation facilities will be published
in doe time.
Akt. XI. On the frontier are frise from duty : The aflrricultnral traffic upon the es-
tates intersected by the customs frontier; cattle and farming implements belonging
thereto, as well as seed for agriculture; products of agriculture, and young cattle.
Cattle which go over to and return from pasture or work, including the products
gained daring pasture, such as butter, cheese, and the young cattle grown up in the
meantime.
Art. XII. On bringin^^ trustworthy proof of the existing facts, the chief authority
may allow the imporiation of the following articles, free of duty, or at reduced rates :
1. Objects used for divine service in churches and temples of different religions,
well as the material for bnilding and constructing such chnrches and temples.
208 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
2. Provisions, clothing, and building material sent to people who by fire or other
destructive elements became safferers and receive those goods as donations or as a
means to rebuild their dwellings.
3. Old articles, bearing proof of having been worn, sent as gifts to poor people from
abroad.
Art. XIII. The Government has the right of free importation of railway material
for the construction of an international frontier railway depot agreed upon by a joint
committee of railway companies.
a. For all materials uecessary for the construction of the building and fitting up the
frontier depot, as well as the branch lines between it and the customs frontier; for
furniture, and other articles, so far as under the agreement it in incumbent upon the
foreign authorities to furnish them.
b. For everything necessary for cairying on the business of the foreign railway ; for
the rolling-stock, implements, and materials necessary for the service of the foreign
frontier offices, in sufficient quantity for the purpose.
c. For'the movable eliects, as well as the utensils of service of the officials and em-
ployes of the foreign railway stationt d iu the custouis district, and other persons
employed by the administration of the neijijhboriuf; state.
Akt. XIV. All duties contained in the tnritt*, iiiclndiiig dues for weighing, seals, and
stamps, most be paid in gold. Speyiul orders will direct where payments in silver
may be made.
The rate of exchange to be paid will bo governed by the ]>remium on gold doi ing
the month preeediug, and will be made public from month to mouth, as well as tbe
rate of the value in florins at which foreign and domestic gold c^ius will be accepted
in payment for duties.
Art. XV. Wlien fractions of a kreuzer result in calculating duties, those below half
a kreuzer will be disregarded, and those of one-half kreuzer or more will be regarded as
a whole kreuzer.
Art. XVI. Besides the rates to be paid by every article as given in the tariff oppo-
site its respective number (stamp, octroi, and other duties), the following additional
duties will be levied.
1. Charges for weighing, 5 kreuzers for 100 kilograms of the gross weight of those
goods which are weighed by order of the authorities, or private parties.
For ascei-taining the weight by calculation, for trial weighing, and for weighing
with a private scale, as, for example, at the railway stations, no charge for weighing
is to be made.
When the total wiight of the goods amounts to less than 50 kilograms, 3 krciizers
must be paid for weighing.
In calculating the weighing-tax, weights under 50 kilograms will not be regarded ;
50 kilograms and over are reckoned as 100 kilograms.
2. For every lead seal the tax is 2 kreuzers, and 1 kreuzer for every wax eeal.
Goods iu transit with bill of lading are exempt from paying seal money ; nor is there
any tax to be paid for putting the seal on the hatchway of a vessel, on railway cars,
&c.
3. A tax of 10 kreuzers for the permit to enter foreign goods not dutiable.
When goods originally iu transit are subsequently declared as goods for entry, the
respective ailditional duties will be paid after the declaration is made. In internal
and in control manipulations neither stamping nor sealing tax is to be paid.
4. Storage for goods in government warehouses is regulated according to local and
other conditions, common!^' not above 1.6 kreuzers for 100 kilograms ot gross weight
per day.
In cases of extraordinary accumulation of goods, the tax for storage may be raised
to 2.4 kreuzers for 100 kilograms per day.
Regarding the remuneration for official services performed outside the office, the
taxes for the conduct of goods, and the special water, harbor, and navigation tuxes,
the existing regulations remain in force.
Respecting the payment of fractional kreuzers, the provisions of Article XV will be
in force.
Art. XVII. The fixing and altering of the tare in regard to the manner of packing
and their dili'erent relative weights will be regulated by special law. In goods that
pay not more than 3 florins for 100 kilogi*ams, as well as in the immediate inclosures of
liquids, no deduction of tare takes place, unless otherwise provided for. To liquids,
however, the duty on which is calculated by the gross weight, when imported in vehi-
cles of transportation by land or water, specially built for their transport and without
any other inclosnre, mubt be added the tare resulting from the net weight of the ordi-
nary manner of packing.
Art. XVIII. This law, except the provisions of tariff class 21, will take effect June
1, 1882.
The law of Jnoe 27, 1878, respecting the general customs tariff of Anstria- Hungary,
as well aa all the regulations iu connection with it being in contradiction to the new
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 209
Uw (except regalations regarding tarifi; po$t, 28d), will, on that day, cease to be in
force.
Tbu day on which the relations respeotiu^ tariff class XXI will take effect will
be made known b^ the law m reference to the increase of import duty and the levy-
ine of a tax on mineral oil.
Art. XIX. With the execution of this law are introsted the ministers of finance and
of commerce.
Scbonbmnn, May 25, 1882.
FRAKZ JOSEPH.
Taappb,
dukajkwski,
Pino.
Om«ral tariff of ih» <m$tam9 disirioi of Au9tria'Hungary,
SUMMARY.
Part I.— Imports.
TuiffdAM. TMiffnnmben.
I. Tropical fniit 1-3
II. Spices 4-8
m. Sonthemfrnit 9-16
IV. Sugar 17-20
V. Tobacco 21,22
YI. Grain and legomes : floor and products of flour ; rice 23-28
Tn. Vegetables, fruit, plants, and parts of plants 29-38
Vm. Cattle and draught animals 39-49
IX. Other animals 60-53
X. Animal products 54-64
XI. Grease 65-71
XH. Fat oils 72-74
Xni. Beverages .75-79
XIV. Edibles 80-93
XV. Wood, coal, and turf 94-96
XVI. Turners and carvers' material 97-101
XVII. Minerals 102-103
XVIII. Dru^ and perfumery stufis 104-108
XIX. Dyeing and tanning stuflEs 109-113
XX. Gum and rfsin 114-118
XXI. Mineral oil 119-121
XXII. Cotton yam and goods of the same 122-135
XXIII. Flax, hemp. Jute, and other vegetable materials not specially
named ; spinning material: yam and goods made therefrom. .. 136-151
XXIV. Wool, woolen yam, and woolen goods 152-162
XXV. Silk and silk goods 163-170
XXVI. Clothing, linen, and articles of dress. 171-176
XXVII. Brush and sievemakers' goods 177-179
XXVni. Straw and bark goods 180-184
XXIX. Paper and paper goods 185-196
XXX. I uaia- rubber, gutta-percha, and goods made therefrom 197-207
XXXI. Wax-cloth and wax-sUk 208-212
XXXII. Leather and leather goods.. 213-219
XXXIII. Furriers' goods 220,221
XXXIV. Wooden and bone ware 222-230
XXXV. Glass and glassware 231-243
XXXVI. Stoneware 244-248
XXXVn. Clayware :.. 249-256
XXXVin. Iron and hardware 257-272
XXXIX. Base metals and goods made therefrom 273-281
XL. Machines and parts of machinery 282-287
XLI. Vehicles of transportation 288-295
XLII. Precious metals and coins 296,297
XLni. Instruments, watches, and fancy goods 298-316
XLIV. Salt 317
XLV. Chemical auxiliary stuffs 318-324
XLVI. Chemical products, colors, medicines, and perfumeries 325-337
XLVn. Candles and soap 338-342
XLVm. Explosive material .• 343-347
XLIX. Objects of art and literature 348-352
L. Refuse 353-356
1784 CONC — ^A P 14
210 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Part II. — Exports.
Rags aod other refuse for the manufacture of paper
[Unless where specifically mentioned otherwise, the rates throoghont this tari
for 100 kilograms.]
Part I. — Imports.
I. — Tropical fruit.
[Per 100 kilograms.]
1. Cacao beans and shells !
Note. — ^When imported by sea * !
2. Coffee:
a. Raw '
NoTK. — When imported by sea \
b. Burnt (
3. Tea 1(
NOTB. — When imported by sea I
II. — Ibices,
4. Pepper (also long and Cayenne and white pepper, pepper dust), allspice
(pimento), ginger i
5. Cinnamon of all kinds <
6. Anise seed (badian^, cloves (also clove stems), clove flowers (mace), nut-
megs in snellH (
7. Nutmegs, without shells t
8. Cardamom, saffron, vanilla IS
Note. — Articles numbered 4-8, when imported by sea, are allowed a re-
duction of 5 florins per 100 kilograms.
III. — Southern fruit.
9. Figs:
a. Fresh
h. Dried 1
10. Grapes, dried ; currants, raisins 1
11. Lemons, oranges, citrons
Note. — When counted 100 pieces U
12. Lemons, oranges, and citrons laid in salt water; oranges, unripe, small;
orange and lemon peel,
13. Dates, pistachio nuts 1
14. Almonas:
a. Dried, with or without shell 1
b. Unripe, in the shell
15. Nuts of the PineuspineOy unshelled: St. John's bread; chestnuts, lazeruoli,
tomatoes; olives, fresh, dried, or salted
16. Nuts of the PineiM |»iftea, shelled ; pomegranates 1
lY.— Sugar.
17. Raw sugar:
a. Below the Dutch standard No. 19 1
b. From the Dutch standard No. 19 and above ^
18. Refined sugar '. 2
19. Solutions of sugar, crushed sugar, starch sugar, grape sugar, in a solid
state 1
20. Sirup ; starch sugar, grape sugar, in a fluid state : molasses
Note to Class Iy . — The excise duty is included in the tariff.
v.— Toftooco.
21. Tobacco, raw ; i. e., tobacco leaves, stems, ribs, and flowers, nnmanofact-
nred; coirosiye tobacco liquid *S
* With special consent only.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 211
Morins.
7obacoOy manafactared ; i. e., smoking tobacco in rolls, unrolled or
stemmed ; leaves or cat ; carrot tobaccoor, stems for making
snnff; tobacco, powdered; refuse; cigars; cigarettes; snnfi;
cbewing-tobacco ; also paper made Irom stems and ribs of
tobacco leaves. (Witb special consent only) 52. 50
Note. — In case of special permit, tbere are aside from tbis to
be paid in the following taxes for 1 kilogram net :
¥or cigars and cigarettes 11.00
I*or otner manafactures 8.40
Tor raw tobacco 7. 00
Tobacco and mannfactnres therefrom must also be declared in conformity
with the above subdivisions.
VI. — Grain and legumet; flour and products of flour ; rice.
Grain:
Barley, oats, Indian com, rye 0.25
1M. "Wheat, spelt, half fruit, buckwheat, millet 0. 50
Note. — For the supply of Dalmatla and the islands in the Adriatic, the
I. R. Government may, in unison with the Government of Hnn>
gary, permit the free importation of the following kinds of
grain, t. «., Indian com, not exceeding 80,000 met. centners;
wheat and millet, not exceeding annually 20,000 met. centners :
to be entered in ports and under modifications mutually agreea
upon:
». Halt 0.60
Legumes:
96u Beans, lupines, peas, lentils, vetches 0.50
S7. Flour and mill products (crushed, bruised, and peeled grains; barley,
groats, oat-meai, wheat groats) made of grains and legumes . . 1. 50
28. Bice,peel^ and unpeeled; broken rice 2.00
Note 1. — Raw rice, wholly or partly in shells, for rice mills, to be cleaned
and broken; noe for the manufacture of starch, pay one-half,
and when imported by sea, one-fourth of the lowest tariff for
shelled rice.
2. Products of rice-mills will be entered according to No. 27.
VII. — VegetdbleSf fruits^ plants^ and parts of plants.
^* Vegetables and fruit: Grapes, fresh, for the table; pine-apples 5.00
30. Kntsand hazel-nuts, dry or shelled 2.50
31. Fine vegetables, fresh 2.50
32. Vegetables and fruit not otherwise provided for:
«. Fresh Free.
(. Dried or prepared (baked, cut into pieces, preserved, powdered, or
otherwise reduced in size; salted or preserved in vinegar and packed
in casks; Jelly without su^ar) 2.50
KoTB. — Vegetables and fruit in cans, bottles, or otherwise hermetically
sealed or prepared in another manner, as above described, will
be treatea as eatables under 92, respectively, No. 93.
^ Plants and parts of plants :
g. Oilseed :. :. 0.50
^* Anise, coriander, caraway seed; fennel; clover-seed; mustard seed (also
ground in casks) ; seeds not otherwise provided for ; suchory root
^ dried (not burnt) , 0.50
^* luTing plants ; fresh cut flowers and plants 1.50
^ Plants and parts of plants not otherwise provided for, fresh ; grain and
legumes in straw or leaves ; teasels; seagrass; bark; cane; straw;
hay; litter ^ Free.
«7. Plants and parts of plants not otherwise provided for, dried or prepared
^ (powdered, colored, or otherwise reduced in size) 2. 50
^•Hope; alsolnpnlin 10.00
Yin.^CaiiU and draught animals.
(Per head.]
»Oxen 10.00
<0. Bnlls 4.00
«. Cows 3.00
<^ Yonng cattle 2.00
t
212 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
PI
43. Calvee
44. Sheep and goats (also rams, wethera, and backs)
45. Lambs and Kids
46. Hogs
47. Pigs not weighing more than 10 kilograms
48. Horses and foals ^ ^
NoTB. — Foals following the mother are free.
49. Mnlesand asses
IX.'-Otker animals.
rPer 100 kflogmnt.]
60. Game and fowls of all kinds:
a. Living
&. Dead
51. Fish, fresh : crabs and crawfish; snails, fr«sh
62. Shell-fish from the sea (i.e., oysters, lobsters, crab-spiders), turtles, not
prepared
63. Animals not otherwise provided for
X,— Animal produota,
54. Milk
65. Birds' eggs
56. Beehives with honey and wax; beehives with living bees
57. Honey
58. Wax, white, yellow, and colored (also celluloid)
59. Sponges
60. stuns and hides, raw (green or dry, also salted or pickled, but not other-
wise prepared)
61. Hair of all kinds, raw or prepared ({. e., heckled, boiled, dyed, istained, or
curled), bristles ]
62. Feathers not otherwise provided for (bed-feathers, quills), ornamented
feathers, undressed ]
63. Bladders and intestines, fresh, salted, or dried; gold-beaters' skins; cat-
guts
64. Animal products not otherwise provided for ]
XI. — Orease,
65. Butter, fresh, salted, melted, also artificial butter ]
66. Lard and ^oose-grease; bacon ]
67. Stearin acid, palmine acid
68. Paraffine, cerasine, spermaceti
69. Tallow from animals, raw, melted, also pressed
70. Palm oil and cocoanut oil in solid state ; vegetable tallow
Note. — When imported by sea .'....
71. Grease and greasy mixtures not otherwise provided for; blubber
Xn.— OtTa, fat.
72. Olive, poppy, sesame, earth-nut, beech-acorn, sun-flower, and cotton-oil,
in casks, sKins, and bladders
Note. — Olive oil under ao, 72, rendered totally unfit for human consump-
tion under official examination on entry by custom-houses spe-
cially designated 1
73. Rape seed and linseed and other fat oils, not otherwise provided for, in
casks, skins, and bladders, except oil varnish (No. 334)
74. Oils, fat, injugs or flasks 1
Note to Class XU.
1. Oils of Ko. 72 and 73, when entered for the use of the people living
near the frontier and contained in open juffs, tin cans, or bottles,
or similar open vessels, will be treatea like oil in open casks.
2. Oils, fat, in Jugs, bottles, or similar vessels, weighing not less than. 25
kilograms, will be treated like fat oils in casks.
TAKIPFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 213
Xm. — Beverage$,
Plorint.
7S. Beer and mead:
0. Incaaks 3.00
h. In bottles and J ag8 8.00
NoTB.— Consnmption tax on mannfaotorer of beer inoladed.
76. I>i stilled spiritnona liquors:
0. Alconol and brandy of all kinds, also adulterated 24.00
h. Liquors, essence of punch and otner sweet spirituous cordials, arac,
rum 40.00
Note. — Coosumptlon tax included.
77. \pViiie and substitutes lor wine, also cider, wine must aqd fruit must:
0. In casks or flasks 20.00
h, Sparkline wines .., 50.00
NOTB. — Wine mash and grapes to miUce wine 6.00
78. V xnegar :
a. In casks ' 3.00
h. In bottles or Jugs 8.00
79. &Ujieral waters, natural or manufactured :
NoTB TO No8. 75 and 78. — Beverages when entered for the use of
the people living near the frontier and contained in open jugs,
tin cans, flasks, or bottles, will be treated like beverages in
casks.
XIY.-^Eaiablea.
80. Bread, ordinary, black as well as white, ship biscuits 1.50
81. SjMo and substitutes for sago, tApioca, arrowroot 6.00
82. ^^afer cakes (i. e. , vermicelli and similar farinaceous products not baked) . . 6. 50
83. liCeat, fresh or prepared ({. e., salted, dried, smoked, pickled) 6. 00
84. Ss^osages 20.00
86. Cbcese 10.00
86. Herrings, salted or smoked 3.00
87. Pish not otherwise provided for, salted, smoked, dried 5. 00
8^ Pish prepared (pickled or preserved in oil, &c.) in casks 15. 00
^* Oaviar,aDd substitutes of caviar 50.00
90. Substitutes for coffee (also succory burnt) 15.00
91. Cacao, ground or in bulk, chocolate, substitutes for chocolate, and manu-
factures 50.00
^ AJl eatables contained in boxes, Jugs, cans, and bottles hermetically
sealed (except those enumerated undeif 69 and 91) 40. 00
93* Eatables not otherwise provided for. 40.00
XY. — IVoodj ooalf and turf.
M* Pirewood, also bark, copse wood, basins, osiers, brushwood, tan bark, tan
cakes Free.
^ Xlmber. dressed or undressed, staves, saw-logs (except veneers):
0. European ; Free.
1. Not European Free.
^ Charcoal, turf, lignite, coal, cokes, and all other hard artificial fuel made
from these materials. Free.
XYI. — Ikmert^ and'earven^ materiaU*
^. Chairoane, raw, not split, canes, reeds, better quality Free.
^ Cocoa and eoqnilla nuts and cocoanut shells ; areka and stone nuts Free.
90. Horns, horn ends and tips, claws, feet, hoofo; bones, split, stretched, or
cut Free.
100. Amber (also imitation); Jet ; ivory and other animal teoth: tortoise shell;
meerschaum: mother of pearl, and other muscle shells Free.
The articles under 99 and 100, raw or only split, stretched, or cut.
101. Whalebone, raw ; corals, raw (also bored but not cleaned or ground) .... Free.
XYIL-^Minerah.
iSJ* Stones, roueh, or only cut or sawed; ore, also prepared * Free.
103. Clay and mineral stufis :
a. Eaw
h. Burned, washed, or ground 0.20
All these articles if not otherwise provided for.
^
214 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES
XVUL — Drug* and perfumery 9tuff9.
Florins.
104. Licorice J uioe, galangal 60.00
105. Ambergns, castoreum, mask, civet, cADthridines, musk-seed grains, oa-
beljs, opium, cacao butter, moskat balsam (mnskat butter),
camphor refined. Jalap resin, bayswater 15.00
106. Lavender, orauge flower, rose, and similar fragrant waters (without
spirits of wine) 6.00
107. Oils, ethereal :
a. Amber, hartshorn, India rubber, laurel, rosemary, and Juniper oil. 6.0C^
h. Ethereal oils not otherwise provided for 25.09
108. Vinegars, grease, and oils, perfumed, ininclosures weighing not less than
5kilograms lO.OO
XIX. — Dyeing and tanning atufi,
109. Dye woods :
a. In blocks Free.
h. Cut into pieces (rasped, ground, cut) 0.50
110. Barks, roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, gall-nuts, &c. ; also cut, ground, or
' otherwise reduced in size for dyeing or tanning Free.
111. Catechu (Japan clay), kino, kermes grain, lac dye, amotto Free.
112. Extract from wood of chestnut tree, madder extract, garancine, and gar-
ancinette ; litmus ; lepin, crude, in bladders 1.50
113. Orchilla, persis ; indigo ; cochineal ; extracts from tanning and dyeing
materials not otherwise provided for 3.00
NOTB. — ^Indigo and cochineal when imported by sea i^ree.
XX. — Gum and retfta.
114. Tar of all kinds, except coal and slate tar 0.20
115. Resin, ordinary; colophony; pitch; ozocerit 0.50
116. Asphalt mastich and asphalt bitumen 1.00
117. Turpentine, oil of turpentine, pitch oil, resin oil, bird lime 1. 50
lid. Copal resin, Damar resin, shellac, gum arabic, ^um gedda, gum Senegal,
. gamboge, gum tragacanth ; gums, resins, natural balsams, and
juices of plants not otherwise provided for ; lemon Juice 1. 50
XXI. — Mineral oiUj aho coal and slate tar,
119. Crude illuminating oil, not capable of being used until refined :
As heavy, the density of which at 129 of Reaumur does not exceed S39
of distilled water net.. 1.10
h. Light, at and below .830 of distilled water net.. 2.00
120. Crude, capable of being used for lighting without previous refinement,
net 10.00
121. Refined or half refined:
a. Heavy, with a density of over 870^ net.. 1.90
h. Light, at and below 870° net.. 10.00
Note. — In 120 and 121 h consumer's tax is incladed.
2. Crude mineral oil, not being capable of being used for lighting
without previous refinement, of Ronmaniun origin, with a den-
sity of over 830^, at 12° Reaumur (No. 119 a), on entry over Rou-
manian frontier, and producing certificate of origin net • . 0. 68
3. Refined mineral oils intended to be used in making solutions or
extracts in industrial establishments, with a density of less than
770°, on compliance with the respective regulations and meas-
ures of control Free
XXII. — C^ttoHf yam, and goods of ike same, aUo mixed with linen^ hut wiikout any wool or
eilk.
122. Cotton, raw, carded, bleached, colored, milled, refuse Free.
123. Cotton wadding 5.00
Cotton yams:
124. Single or double, raw :
o. Up to No. 12, English 6.00
h. Above No. 12 up to No. 29, English 8.00
0. Above No. 29 up to No. 50, English 12.00
d. Above No. 50. English laOO
TAKIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 215
FlorisB.
135, Single or doable, bleached or dyed :
a, UptoNo. 12,Engli8h 10.00
h. Above No. 12 np to No. 29, Engliflh 12.00
0. AboveNo. 29uptoNo. 50, English 16.00
d, AboveNo. 50, English 20.00
126. I*lmTee or more twieted Uireads, raw, bleached, ordyed 24.00
127. ITskns a^jasted for the retail trade 30.00
Cotton goods :
128. OrcUnary, smooth, i. e., textures of yam No. 50 and below, 38 threads to a
square of 5 millimeters or less, smooth, also singly twilled :
0. Raw 32.00
h. Bleached 40.00
c Colored, Turkey red excepted 50.00
d. Woven in several colors, printed or colored Turkey red 60. 00
129. Oz-<dinary, figured, i. e., textures of yam No. 50 and below, 38 threads or
less to a square of 5 millimeters, figured :
a. Raw 40.00
b. Bleached, colored, except Turkey red 50.00
c Woven in several colors, printed or colored Turkey red 70. 00
130. Ordinary, coarse, i. e., textures of yam No. 60 and below, with more than
38 threads to a square of 5 millimeters :
a. Raw 50.00
h. Bleached, colored, except Turkey red 60.00
e. Woven in several colors, printed or colored Turkey red 80.00
131. Fine, i. e., textures of yam above No. 50 up to No. 100, inclusive:
tt. Raw 70.00
i. Bleached, colored, woven in several colors or printed 100. 00
133. FHxiest, t. e., textures of yarn above No. 100 ; tulle (bobbinet, petinet, cur-
tain stuffs, and furniture nettings) ; goods in connection with
metallic threads 160.00
133. Snbroidered woven soods, laces 200. 00
134. Velvets and velvet-like fabrics (cut or uncut), ribbons, fringes, buttons,
and knit goods 80. 00
135. I.»amp-wicks, girths, beltings, hose, trellis, nets and ropes, coarse, stiff
nets 24.00
1HLl,—FlaXf hemp, jute f and other vegetable eninning materialf game, andfdbrioe of the
eame, without admixture of cotton, wool, or silk,
136. Flax, hemp. Jute, and other vegetable spinning materials not otherwise
provided for, raw, steeped, broken, hackled, bleached, and in
refuse Free.
Linen yarns:
137. Flax and hemp yams, yams not otherwise provided for :
a. Single, raw 1.50
6. Single, bleached, boiled in ashes, or colored..., 5.00
«. Twisted 12.00
d. Linen thread, prepared for retail trade, bleached, colored 30. 00
Note. — Raw twisted hemp yam for the manufacture of hose and
tbe like, on producing a permit, and under the existing rules,
regulations, and control 6.00
138. Jnte yams :
a. Single, raw 1.50
6. Twisted, bleached, boiled in ashes, or colored 5.00
Linen goods:
139> Qiay canvas, i. «., smooth, coarse, simple, twilled texture, without fig-
ures, made of hemp or flax, not having more than 5 warp
threads to 5 millimeters ; also bags made of the same 2. 00
Note. — ^S^arked bags, having been in use, made of gray canvas, are free.
140. Linen goods, not figured, raw, up to 20 warp threads to 5 millimeters. . . 12. 00
141. Linen goods, not figured, bleached, colored, woven in several colors,
printed:
a. Up to 10 warp threads to 5millimeters 20.00
.6. From 11 to 20 warp threads to 5 millimeters 40.00
142. Linen goods, figured, up to 20 warp threads to 5 millimeters 40. 00
143. Linen ffoods above 20 warp threads to 5 millimeters 80.00
144. Cambno^ gauze, lacons, and other thin woven stuffs 120. 00
145. Fabrics m connection with metallic threads 160.00
216 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Floiiuw
146. Laoes, edgioffs, embroidered woven goods 200.00
147. Velyet-like labrics (oat or nnoat), fringes, bottons, ribbon, and knit
goods 80.00
Jute textores:
148. Bagging and packing staffs of late, raw, onbleached, neither colored
nor fieared, also, simply twilled, of not more tban 5 warp
threa£ to 5 millimeters, as well as ready-made bags made
therefrom 6.00
KOTB. — ^Marked bags made of jnte, haying been in nse, are free.
149. Fomitare stofb and dress goods, tape^ary, as well as all textares of
jute, in connection with other ye^etable spinning materials,
inclnding cotton, of which jate rorms the principal compo-
nent part, also similar Jute textares embroidered or in connection
with metallic threads 40.00
150. Jate textares, not otherwise proyided for ; carpets, carria^ nigs, and
stair carpets of jate, and of other yegetable spinning materials
not otherwise provided for; also bleached, colored, printed, or
fignred 12.60
151. Ropemakers' goods:
a. Ropes, cables, cords, also bleached, tarred 3.00
h. All other ropemakers' goods, also bleached, colored, tarred,
sized, and varnished 12.00
XXIY. — Woolf woolen yam and woolen goodi, aUo mixed with other epinning materidUf
except Hlk.
152. Wool, raw, washed, combed, colored, bleached, milled, and asrefase.. Free.
153. Wool and hair tablets, hat felts, and nat wadding 9.00
154. Woolen yarns (of wool or animal hair) and Vicugna yams :
a. Raw 8.00
KoTE. — Weft yam, raw, on entry by way of custom-houses spe-
cially desiguateid 1.50
h. Bleached, colored, printed, three or more twisted threads 12.00
Woolen goods (of wool or animal hair) :
155. Shaggy cloths, Halina cloths, pressed cloths, sieve, bottoms, ropes, cables
made of horse-hair, trellis and tied nets, both uncolored, hat
clippings, cloth cuttings 12.00
156. Carpets:
a. Of dogs, calf or cows' hair, also with slight mixture of wool 12. 00
h. Others, also printed 40.00
157. Girths 40.00
158. Wooleneoods not specially named :
a. "V^ighing over 500 grams per square meter 50.00
h. Weighing 500 grams and less per square meter 80.00
KoTE. — Entirely woven with cotton warp, of one color, not figured,
dressed like cloth, weighing more tlian 300 grains per square
meter 50.00
150. Velvets and velvet-like fabrics (out or uncut), fringes, buttons, ribbons,
and knit goods (except those under 156 h) 80.00
160* Light woolen woven goods 100.00
161. SmLwls and shawl-like textures, laces (lace shawls), embroidered woven
goods, goods with metallic threads 150.00
102. Felt and felt ware (except carpets) :
a. Coarse felts of animals' hair, also cut out, tarred, or varnished 12. 00
ft. Felts, others, and felt ware, both not printed 40. 00
0. Printed 80.00
XXV. — SUk and eilk goode^ aUo mixed wUh other epinning nuiteriaL
163. Cocoons, silk scraps, not spun Free.
164. Flocks of silk 12.00
165. Silk (reeled), also twisted:
a. Raw Free.
h. Made white or colored, or in connection with other spinning mate-
rials 22.00
166. Floss silk (silk scraps spun), also twisted:
a. Raw, or made white Free.
h. Colored, or in connection with other spinning material 22.00
TARIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTBIES. 217
167. SewiDg silk^ batton-hole silk, and the like, made white or colored ; thread
or all kinds prepared for retail toade 60.00
Note. — Soft-carded yam, raw, containing one thread of nnreeled silk,
will be treated like woolen yam under No. 154 a.
Silk goods:
168. Blond lace, lace (lace handkerchiefs), silk goods, embroidered, or in con-
nection with metallic threads 400.00
160. Goods entirely made of silk, or floss silk 400.00
170. Half silk goods, i. e., all goods not enumerated under No. 168, containing
other spinning materials aside from silk or floss silk 200. 00
NoTB. — (1). Very coarse textures of raw-silk waste, having the appear-
ance of grav packing cauvas, and intended for pressing clothes,
dust rags, dr c, also with single-colored threads 24. 00
(2.) Silk, spun together with yam of other materials, without
coTeringtnesame or without passing continuously through the
whole length of the spinning thread, is not classified under
textures made from sncn yam.
STL— CZotAtsi^, linen, and ariicU$ of dreB$f exclu$ive of such good9 made of paper, leather,
gutta-perchaf and wax cioih,
171. Artificial flowers, finished, wholly or partly of woven or worsted goods;
ornamental feathers, prepared, and fabrics made therefrom .... 170. 00
172. Ptrts of artificial flowers 70.00
Hats and cajM :
173. Gentlemen's hats of silk and stuffs of all kinds ; also trimmed 130. 00
174. Gentlemen's hats of felt ; also trimmed 90.00
NoTB.— Felt prepared in hat form 50.00
ITS. Hats not otherwise provided for '. perpiece
tt. Not trimmed 0.20
h. Trimmed 0.40
e. Ornamented 0.50
Note. — ^Trimmed means only furnished with lining, braiding, and
hat band.
178. Clothing, linen, dress goods not otherwise provided for, pay an additional
duty of 40 per cent., according to the material which forms the
principal component part.
Hon. — (1.) On declaring clotning, linen, and dress goods, the principal
part of which they are composed must be stated.
(2.) Other sewed articles, not otherwise provided for, will be
treated according to No. 176.
(3.) Clothiuff and linen, cut out only, will be treated like the
material of which they are composed.
'XXVll.—Brueh and eieve-makert^ goods.
"*• Common brushes and brooms made of bristles, rice straw, piassava, and
other animal or vegetable stuffis ; aliso mounted with wood or
19R ur iron, not colored, without polish or vamish 4.00
^'^ Wooden sieves, finished, with bottoms of wicker-work or iron wire, under
•^ No. 261 a; wooden-sieve bottoms 4.00
*^* Broaii and sieve midLcrs' goods not otherwise provided for ; scrubbing and
horse brushes in connection with woven or worsted stuffs, in so
fiir as they do not come under the head of India-rubber, leather,
bone, metal, or fancy goods 15.00
^^^^^Lr^Straw and haet goods, dUo goods made of mshes, cocoanut fher, grass, reed,
iM r»u . ***•» ^"•' •^^^ 9«.
• ^«»liair cane :
0. Raw, split 0.50
Ijv. ft. Stainea, colored, vamished 5.00
"^ Carpets and mats (carnage rugs, A-c.) :
a. Not colored 3.00
IHl n *• Colored 6.00
'^ Coaiae goods for domestic use (i. a., baskets, dishes, plates, A.C.), also in
!» "to^ connection with wood 5.00
^^ Bndds, also rugs, not otherwise provided for, also in connection with
other materials if not coming under No. 184, or under India-
rubber, leather, metal, or fancy goods, with a higher tariff. ... 16. 00
^
218 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
184. BraidB, finest, i. e., textures with silk or other spun yam, with horse-hair
or metallic threads drawn through or woven in, also in oonnec-
tiou with other materials, if not coming under fancy goods 50. 00
XXIX. — Faiper and paper goods,
185. Paper material, bleached or unbleached :
a. Of rags rhalf material) Free.
h. Of wood, straw, esparto, and similar fibers 0.50
186. Gray blotting paper, coarse packing paper nncolored, common paste-
board, tar and stone pasteboara 1.00
187. Wrapping paper, glazed or colored, varnished or tarred 3.00
188. Glased cupboard, gloss and leather pasteboard, slate paper and tablets
from the same (unconnected with other material), pumice stone,
glass, sand and emery paper, pumice stone and emery cloth. . . 3. 00
189. Paper, unsized, ordinary (coarse gray, half white and colored); all print-
ing papers not sized 5.00
190. Paper not otherwise provided for 5.00
191. Lithographed, printed or ruled paper for mottoes, labels, bills of lading,
billheads, &c., drawing paper, albumen paper, gelatine paper,
parchment, copperplate paper^ colored paper, painters' paste-
l>oard 7.00
192. Gfold and silver paper and paper with gold or silver patterns (genuine or
imitation, also bronzed), pressed or perforated paper, stripes of
the foregoing kinds of paper ; paper and pastebioard covered
with linen (also cotton and linen), wall paper 15.00
193. Holders' work of stone pasteboard, asphalt, or similar materials:
a. Neither painted nor varnished, also in connection with wood or
iron 2.00
h. Others also in connection with other materials if not coming under
No. 195 or under India-rubber, leather, metal, or fancy goods.. 15. 00
194. Paper goods, i. e., articles of paper or cardboard, paper pulp or ligneous
fiber ; also in connection with other materials, if not coming
under No. 195 or under India-rubber, leather, metal, or fancy
goods, hat-linings of paper, also covered with textures 15. 00
195. Fancy ornamental paper goods, fine cartoons, labels, vignettes in differ-
ent colors (cbromo-lithographs), toys, paper linen, book bind-
ings covered with linen (also cotton ana linen) ; also in con-
nection with other materials, if not coming under leather or
fancy goods with a higher tariff 30.00
196. Playing cards 60.00
Note. — Playing cards must moreover be stamped according to regula-
tions in force, and must be declared according to number and
condition of the games and the number of cards they contain.
XXX. — India-rubber and gutta-percha and articles made thertfrom,
197. India-rubber and gutta-percha, raw and prepared Free.
198. India-rubber melted. India-rubber threads not spun over 1.50
199. India-rubber hardened, in sheets, tubes, and bars, also polished, but
without further manufacture 6.00
200. Hose and beltings of all kinds of or with India-rubber, also with layers
of tissue or of wire 12.00
201. Shoes, also in connection with woven or worsted goods and other mate-
rials, unless coming under leather or fancy goods, with a higher
tariff 30.00
202. Children's toys 20.00
203. Articles of soft India-rubber, except those enumerated under 200, 201, and
202.... 20.00
204. Textures covered with India-rubber, dipped, coated, or fastened by means
of layers of India-rubber 45. 00
Note. — ^Textures for covering carding benches in manufactories, or In-
dia-rubber printing cloth utr cotton mills by special permit,
according to regulations and control to be made public 3. 00
205. Clothing and other articles made from tissues enumerated under No.
204 50.00
206. Elastic textures, knit goods, trimmings and articles made therefirom ... 70. 00
Shoe-lastings with India-rubber threaids glued on 45.00
TABIFF8 OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 219
907. Goods made of hardened India-rabber, the goods enumerated ander 202,
203, 205, 206, and 207; also in connection ivith other materialS|
if not coming nnder a higher tariff, as leather, metal, or fiuicy
goods
Goods made of gntta-percha will be treated like goods made of India-
rabber.
XXXI. — Wax cioih and wax silk,
206. W«x oloth, coarse, i. e., wax' cloth for packing, not printed; asphalt
linen 2.00 .
209. Caniage covers of coarse textures, covered with or dipped in oil, tar, or
compositions of oil 10.00
210. Thick floor coverings of wax cloth, linoleum, camptulikon, and similar
compositions 10.00
211. Wax oloth not otherwise provided for, also wax muslin 20.00
212. Wax Bilk 26.00
XXXII. — Leather and leather goade,
213. Leathor, ordinary, i. e., not enumerated under Nos. 214 and 215, also cut;
blackened, neat, and horse leather, also grained, in entire or in
half skins 9.00
NOTB. — Sheep and goat skins, tanned (neither white nor chamois dressed),
also split, not colored 6.00
214. Sole leather and sole leather refhse 18.00
215. Leather, fine, i. 0., blackened leather, except the neat and horse hides
enumerated under No. 213; fflove leather, cordovan, morocco.
Turkish leather, as well as all colored. Japanned, and bronzed
leather, also leather with pressed designs ; parchment 18. 00
216. Leather goods, ordinarv, i, 0., articles of ordinary leather ([neither white
nor chamois dressed), also of blackened or grained neat and
horse leather or coarse wax cloth ; harness and trunk-makers'
manufactures made from haired skins, of raw jute textures,
gray packing canvas, raw ticking, drillings, canvas and other
coarse raw-linen textures, also girths 25. 00
217. Leather goods, fine, i. 0., articles of white chamois dressed leather, parch-
ment, or of fine leather enumerated under No. 215, of wax cloth
or wax silk not otherwise provided for; harness and trunk
makers' articles made of textures enumerated under No. 216,
bleached, colored ; also of carpet tissues *. 35. 00
The goods named under 216 and 217, also in connection with other mate-
rials, provided they do not come under India-rubber, metal, or
fancy goods with higher tariff.
218. Shoes of all kincb, of or with leather; also in connection with woven or
worsted goods and other materials, if not coming under fancy
goods 35.00
219. Gloves of leather (even if only cut out or in connection with woven or .
worsted goods) 50.00
XXXIII. — Furrtero* goode,
220. Fors, tanned on one side, not made up :
a. Of common skins 10.00
h. Of fine skins 50.00
221. Fors made up :
a. Of common skins 40. 00
5. Of fine skins 200.00
Note. — Clothing, not of silk, and leather gloves covered, lined, or
trimmed with fine fur, will be treated nke fine ftir goods made
up.
XXXIY. — Wood and hone ware,
222. Ordinary wooden ware, i. 0., coarse, rough coopers', tamers', and joiners^
material of unstained wood, also plain wooden ware and wagon-
makers' work 'j coarse machines (also lathes, mangles, mills,
presses, spinning-wheels, and looms); coarse baskets (packing
and market baskets, hampers and clothes basket«, Kiddles,
Slc); birch brooms; agricultural, garden, and kitchen tools:
a. Neither colored, stained, varnished, Japanned or polished, nor in
conuectioD with other niateriulH 1. 00
220 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Fiorina.
h. Raw, but with mountings or otherwise, connected with iron or
other base metals 3.00
0. Colored, stained, varnished, Japanned, or polished, or with any
combinations mentioned under No. 2^^ * 3.00
283. Wooden furniture and parts of furniture (as far as not enumerated under
Nos. 222, 224, and 225) :
a. Fine raw 3.00
h. Colored, stained, varnished, Japanned or polished, or in connection
with bast, reeds, cane, straw, and wicker work, base metals,
glass, stone slabs, or common leather 3.00
0. Furniture, cushioned, without cover 15.00
d. Furniture, cushioned, with cover SO. 00
824. Wooden- ware, nne.i. «., fine turned and carved articles, wooden bronzes,
gilt or silvered wooden-ware^ or finely painted. All wooden
ware not otherwise provided for, and goods made of the vege-
table carving material 15.00
226. Wooden ware, finely inlaid (buhlwork, intarsien), fine baskets, and
wicker work 20.00
226. Veneers, not inlaid, parquetry and parts of the sames
a. Raw 1.50
h. Stained, colored, polished 3.00
227. Veneersy inlaid 12.00
228. Cork:
a. Sheets, slices, squares 1.50
h» Stoppers, soles, and other articles of cork 12.00
229. Wooden toys:
a. Coarse, simply planed, carved or turned, raw 1.00
h. Other 20.00
230. Boneware:
a. Whalebone, split 5.00
h, Boneware not otherwise provided for 20.00
The goods enumerated under Nos. 224, 225, 22dc, and 230c; also in
connection with other materials, if not coming under India-
rubber, leather, metal, or fancy goods, with a higher tariff.
XXXV. — Glaa$ and glassware,
231. Qlass mass, enamel and glazing mass, eround glass (glass dust^ 1.50
232. Hollow glass, ordinary, t. e., uncut, without design, neither polished nor
pressed:
a. In its natural color, but not white 2.00
h» White (transparent) gross.. 4.00
233. Hollow glass in its natural color, or white (transparent), only with ground
or polished stoppers, bottoms, and edges gross. . 4. 00
234. Hollow glass, white (transparent) cut, figured, pressed, finted, etched ;
solid white glass not otherwise provided for 8.00
Flat^glass:
235. Qlass, for mirrors, raw, uncut; cast plates, rough, finted, also tiles 1. 50
236. Window-glass, in its natural color (green, half or entirely white), neither
cut nor figured atoss.. 4.00
237. Plate-glass of all kinds, cut, figured, dimmed, or overlaid; framea look-
ing-glasses 12.00
238. Optical glaM, i. «., fiint, crown, zinc, and borax glass, rough, notnound
for lenses, in pieces and tablets, or pressed into the form of
lenses, alsp piurtly ground 1.50
239. Crystals for watches, glasses for spectacles, and other optical glasses ad-
Justed or ground 50.00
240. Qlass tubes, rods, and pipes, without reji^rd to color (such as used for the
manufacture of beads, artistic blowing, and the manufacture
of buttons) 1.50
241. Qlass pendants, solid, for chandeliers, glass beads, glass buttons, glass
enamel, glass drops, glass spinnings, also colored 2. 00
242. Qlass, colored (except the articles ennmeratid under Nos. 240 and 241),
painted, gilt, silvered ; glass paste imitation gems without set-
ting 12. op
243. Qlass and enameled goods not otherwise provided for or in connection
with other materials, if not comins under India-rubber, leather,
metal, or fancy gooos with a higher tariff 15.00
TAKIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 221
XXXYI. — Stoneware, i, e.^werk in eionee and uvibumt claift cement and stone com-
positions.
Florini.
244. Stpne-cntters' work (sach as door and window frames, pillars and parts
of pillars, gutters, pipes, troughs, &c., uncut, except those of
alabaster and marble); touch, grind, and whet stones, without
any connection ; millstones, also witn iron bands or metal cas-
ings; plates and lithographers' stones, cut, unpolished; play*
ing-marbles, die. ; casts made of plaster or sulphur, of coins,
cameo8,d[.c 0.25
245. Prepared mineralN, such as artificially colored clay and stone ; cement,
and goods made therefrom (not polished ) ; slabs and plates cut,
not polished ; cleaning, grinding, and polishing substances in
their natural state preparvnl for retail trade 0.50
246. Stoneware, ordinary, i, e., articles of stone not otherwise provided for,
also in connection with wood and iron, without Tarnish or
polish 1.50
247, Stoneware, fine, i. e., fancy articles (letter-weights, candlesticks, cops,
inkstands, and similar fancy objects), statues, busts, figures of
animals, and other plastic works, weighing 5 kilograms or less ;
articles in connection with other materials, if not coming under
India-bubber, leather, metal, or fancy goods with a higher
tariff 15.00
^ Stones, genuine (precious or half precious stones), and corals (genuine
and imitation), prepared, t. e., ground, cut, or otherwise worked
upon ; genuine pearls, all these articles not set, if not coming
unde r lan cy goods 24 . 00
XXXVII. — Clay-ware,
^' Tiles and bricks; building ornaments (also of terra-cotta) ; clay pipes:
0. Unglazed Free.
g^ b. Glazed 0.50
^' i^pes and thick plates of common earthenware, chamotte 0. 50
^1. Gas retorts, crucibles, vessels for manufacturing purposes (of graphite,
flgg ^ fire- proof clay, or common stoneware) 0.50
^^ Ordinary crockery- ware, made of common or hflirdcned clay or stoneware ;
2S3L J5 blar-k graphite pottery 0.50
?*^ve8, and parts of stoves; Dutch tiles for floors or walls 3. 00
'N'oTB, — Articles of Nos. 249 to 252, in connection with wood or iron,
ggj without varnish or polish 2.00
• ^*Ay-ware, not otherwise provided for:
a. Of one color, or white 5.00
9&e ^1^ 6. Of two or more colors, edged, painted, printed, gilt, silvered 8.00
*^- *^orcelain :
a. White : 7.00
25g -->. ft. Colored, edged, painted, printed, gilt, silvered 15» 00
* ^^^^y-ware in connection with other materials, if not coming under India-
rubber, leather, metal, or fEincy goods with a higher tariff 15. 00
XXXVIII. — Iron and hardware,
' iron: iron and steel, old, broken, and in scraps for melting and
fonring 0.80
(1). — In consideration of circumstances of a local character, foun-
dries using old and scrap iron may be permitted, with the con-
sent of the Governments of both parts of the empire, to import
old and scrap iron at the exceptional duty of 50 kreuzers for 100
kilograms, subject to a control of its appliance and the fixation
of the maximum quantity.
gg Y (2). — Iron filings and hammer scales 1 Free.
IRQ* i-'^^^ps; ingots - 1.60
"**^03i and steel in bars, hammered or rolled :
0. Not shaped 2.75
^^gr^ ,^^ d. Shaped 3.50
Sv ^^^ foir raUways 2.75
"^ "Heet-lron and iron plates ; wire :
a. Of the thickness of 1 millimeter and more 4.00
h. Of the thickness of less than 1 millimeter 5. 00
e. Varnished, coppered, tinned, or coated with zinc, lead or nickel ;
sheet-iron and plates polished 8. 00
Iron-ware
#
222 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
262. Ordinary cast iron : Florin*.
a. Pig-iron 2.00
h. Scoured or coarsely painted ; drilled, ur only in few dififerent places
ground, twisted, or planed 4. 00
0. Ground, twisted, planed, coated with copper, tin, zinc, or lead, en-
ameled, or finely painted 8.50
The goods under h and c, also with the necessary cast iron or con-
necting wooden parts.
963. Common irot and steal goods made from malleable cast iron, cast steel,
wrought iron, or steel, as far as they do not come under the
following numbers :
a. Coarse, also brightened 4.00
h. Coarsely painted, drilled, or ground in a few places, twisted, planed,
with notches for the turning of a screw (also screw bolts and
nuts) 5.00
0. Ground, twisted, planed, or coated with copper, tin, zinc, lead or
fienly painted 8. 50
All these goods also in connection with wood or cast iron.
264. Wrought-iron pipes, also joints 5.00
265. Wrought-iron boilers, also steam boilers ; perforated or grooved black
sheet-iron and plates ; goods made of black sheet-iron 6. 00
266. Car-wheels, finished, also on axle-trees 6. 00
267. Nails and tacks, springs for steel vehicles, hay and dung forks, hatchets,
shovels (rough, brightened, or ground in some few places),
scythes, sickles, straw-knives ; also in connection with wood. . 6. 50
268. Wire rope, wire brushes, wire-sieve 1>ottom8, coarse wire-work (made of
wire under No. 261a) 8.00
5S69. Ordinary tools for cutting and drilling, i. e., saws, plane and chisel irons,
awls, gimlets, files, rasps, dec, cloth-makers' shears, coarse
knives and scissors ; all these for the use of mechanics and
farmers (also machines); screws, locks; also ground, twisted,
painted, coated with tin, zinc, copper, or lead, or in connection
with wood 10. 00
870. Fine iron and steel ware :
a. Polished, japanned, enameled, coated with nickel (except the com-
mon enameled cast iron named under No. 262 c) ; b. Artificial
and light ornamental castings ; o. Wirework not otherwise pro-
vided for ; pins, hooking and knitting kneedles, tacks, hooks,
and eyes, buckles, fish-hooks, thimbles, and similar small arti-
cles ; children's toys, skates, steel cords, scrapers of all kinds;
sleys, weavers' cards, sprii^s (watch and carriage springs
excepted); d. Arms and parts of arms (fire-arms and gun-
barrels excepted) ; cutlery, if not coming under 269 and 271 ; e.
Furniture, cushioned, covered, or finely ornamented: /. Iron
and steel goods in connection with other materials 15. 00
271. Fine cutlery, steel peos, wire spun over with thread, gun-barrels 30. 00
272. Guns ; sewing needles 50. 00
The articles enumerated under Nos. 270, ^1, and 272, if not coming under
India-rubber, leather, metal, or fancy goods with a higher
tarifl^
XXXIX. — Baw metah and gooda made therefrom.
273. Lead and lead alloyages :
a. Raw, old, broken, and refuse 1.00
d. Cast (boilers, pipes, sheets, bullets, shot, &c.), rolled, drawn out
(lead wire), type, stereotype plates 4. 50
274. Zinc:
a. Raw, also old, broken and refiise Free.
b, lobars, blocks, and sheets 1.50
0. In wires and pipes j coarse zinc, cast, without other preparation,
also in connection with ordinary woodwork, and bars and
sheets of iron ; grooved and perforated plates and sheets 3. (X>
275. Tin:
a. Raw, also old, broken, and refuse Free*
b. In bars, plates, sheets, wires, and pipes: coarse tin, cast, with-
out otner preparation, also in connection with ordinary wood-
work and bars or plates of iron 4.00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUJiTRIES. 223
Floi ins.
S76. Copper, nickel, antimony, brass, pa ckfon^, tombac, and other metals and
metal compositions, not otherwise provided for :
a. Haw, also old, broken, and refuse ; qnicksilver Free.
h. In rongh castings (i. e., in bells and pipes, each weighing more
than 5 kilograms, and in other objects weighing more than
10 kilograms) 6. 00
0. Drawn, stretchea (in bars, tablets, plates), sheets, and wire, more
than 5 millimeter 8. 00
d. Sheets and wire, 5 millimeter and less in thickness ; grooved and
perforated plates and sheets 10. 00
«. Plated (silvered) wire« sheets, tablets of copper and brass ; imita-
tion Leon ^cemented) wire 15.00
977. Tinware, coarse (dialies, plates, boilers, and other vessels), not varnished
and not connected with other materials 5. 00
SS78. Metal- ware, ordinary :
A. Rollers, boiler tnbes, boilers, cooking and distilling apparatus, nn-
Japanned, unpolished, alsio in connection with wood and iron.. 10. 00
h. Polished, varnished, japanned, nickel-coated, figured sheets and
plates 12.00
879. Metal-ware, fine,i. «., all materials not embraced under other numbers,
also in connection with other materials, if not coming under
No. 280, or India rubber, leather, or fancy goods with a higher
tariff ; telegraph cable 15. 00
280. Metal-ware, finest, t. e,y fancy articles and other finely finished (t. «., orna-
mented, pressed*, embossed, or nickel-coated), goods of packfong
((German silver, alfenide and similar nickel compositions), Bri-
tannia metal, bronze, brass, tombac, and similar alloys, also
in connection with othermaterials, if not coming under leather
or fancy goods with higher tariff 30.00
881. Metallic cloth, fine, having 20 warp-threads or more to 2 centimeters ;
writing pens ; wire spun over with thread 30. 00
XL. — Machinea and parts of machinery of wood, irony or hose meiala,
888. liOcomotiYe •. 8.00
283, Tender, locomobile ■. 6.00
884. Sewing machines, with or without frame 20.00
885. Machines made of wood (i. e, , with 50 per cent, or more of wood) 3. 00
886. Machines made of base metals (t. e.. with more than 50 per cent, base
metal) 10.00
Machines not otherwise provided for :
a. When 75 per cent, or more of the total weight consists of oast iron
or cast iron and wood 5.00
h. Others 6.00
N0TR8.-— (1.) Copper and brass rollers and plates, engraved or not
engraved, for inland cotton mills, by special permit Free.
(2.) Machines and parts of machinery, also in connection with
other materialSy if not coming under fancy goods, belonging to
tariff class XL.
(3.) As parts of machinery are to be entered, such articles as
have no independent use unless joined to other machinery, or
moved by motive power ; if, however, they constitute rough,
unprepared, ordinary cast-iron, unconnected with other mate-
rialsy or coarsely wrought, unfinished parts of machinery, they
may be treated according to the condition oi the materiid (Nos.
a and 263 a), respectively.
(4.) Machines not manufactured in Austria-Hungary may be en-
tered from time to time on payment of one-half the duty by
special permit of the Gk>vemment8 of the two parts of theempire.
XLI. — Vehicles of tranepartaUan,
Stieet vehicles :
Xfiunber wagoDB and lumber sleighs 3.00
Carriages (per piece) :
Caniages, without leather or cushions 25.00
Carriages, with leather or cushions 75.00
Kan.-— Sleiffhs pay. under No. 289, one-half; and nnder No. 290, two-
thurds of the duty.
224 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
m
FlorixM.
Railway and hone oars (per 100 kilograms) :
291. Freight cars 5.00
292^ Passenger cars, not cashioned 6.50
2913* Passenger cars, cushioned 9.00
Ships (per ton harden) :
294. Wooden (also iron or copper fastened) 0.40
295. Iron; also of other base metals, steamships 5.00
NOTB TO Nos. 294 AND 295.— Utenslls for navigation (i. f., sails and
yards, anchors and anchor chains, riggings, small boats), if in
reasonable amonnt and nnmbers, will pay no extra duty. Other
articles of equipment^ as well as steam engines of steamships,
are subject to special tariff duty.
XLII. — PreoUms metaU and coin*.
•
296. Gold, silver, platina, precious metals, not otherwise provided for, raw,
also old, broKen, and refuse Free.
297. Coins:
a. Coins (also medals and medallions) of precious metal Free.
h. Coins of base metal : Free.
NOTB. — Medals and medallions of base metals are classed according
to the material of which they are composed.
XLIII. — InstrumenU, u>aicke$f and fancy goods.
[Per 100 kilograins.1
Instruments :
296. Scientific instruments (astronomical, mathematical, physical, surgical),
without regard to material out of which they are made Free.
299. Instmments for general use :
a. Optical ; o^ra glasses, telescopes, spectacles, eye-glasses set, &o . . 125. 00
5. Not otherwise providea for 50.00
The goods enumerated under No. 299, a and h, if not coming under
&ncy goods with a higher tariff.
300. Musical instruments 10.00
Watches (per piece) :
301. Pocket watches :
a. With gold or gilted cases 1.00
h. With silver or silvered cases 0.50
c. With other cases 0.30
302. Cases for watches :
0. Gold or gilt 0.70
h. Silver or silvered 0.20
Note.— Other cases according to material.
303. Movements to ]M>cket watches 0.30
[Per 100 kilogramB.]
304. Ordinary wooden clocks, and movements belonging thereto ; watch ma-
terial 30.00
305. Watches and movements not otherwise provided for, if not coming under
fancy goods witha higher tariff 50.00
306. Clocks for steeples and parts thereof 10.00
307. Gk>ld and silver ware. Jewelry, and all goods not otherwise provided for,
made wholly or partly of precious metals, genuine or imitation
pearls or corals, set gems ; gold and silver galloons, fabrics
therefrom, as well as from gold or silver wire 300. 00
308. (Genuine gold and silver leaf ; wire and sheets of precious metals ; fabrics
or real gilt or silvered Leon spinnings or wires 200.00
Fancy goods, fine :
309. Goods, not otherwise provided for, of base metals, with genuine gilting
or silvering, or coated with gold or silver ; goods of half pre-
cious stones, also sets; imitation pearls, artificial teeth, arti-
cles of wi^-maker's work 100.00
210. Goods made of, or in connection with mother of pearl, ivory, tortoise
shell, amber, Jet 100.00
311. Children's toys and goods not otherwise provided for in connection vrith :
a. Silk goods, laces, artificial flowers (No. 171), prepared ornamental
feathers 100.00
h. With other woven or worsted goods 50.00
'' Fancy goods, ordiuary :
312. Goods made of meerschaum, lava, celluloid, and similar artificial caq^
iiig material, and imitations of the same 50.00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 225
Florixifl.
313. Qentlemen's and ladies' omaments, toilet artitsles of base metals^ of iron
and steel finely made, also nickel-coated, embossed^ enameled ;
snch articles of animal or vegitable carrinc: material or hs^-
ened India rubber ; bracelets and necklaces of glass and stone :
fans : cases for opera-glasses, telescopes, and eye-glasses ; steel
pearls ; metallic pearls, also gilt, silvered, or embossed 5(j. 00
314. Imitation Leon webs, and articles made therefrom ; also articles of imi-
tation Leon wires 50.00
315. Embroideries npon other stuffs than woven or worsted fabrics ; articles
of embossed ware and of gold-beaters' skins ; strings of musical
instruments, and all strings spun over 50.00
The articles enumerated under Nos. 309 to 315, if not belonging to fancy
goods with higher tariff or specially classed.
316. Umbrellas and parasols :
a. Of silk - perpiece.. 0.48
6. Of other fabrics do.... 0.24
XLIV. — Common aalt.
317. Salt (bay salt, rock salt, salt spring, brine salt water), only by special
permit 0.84
NoTBS. — (1.) In case special permission is granted, the license for 100 kilo-
grams, net common salt, is 9.38 florins for 100 kilograms,
Erenznach bittern, 1.88 florins.
(2.) Upon a physician's certificate the free importation of sea-
water for curing purposes will be permitted.
(3.) The minister of finance can permit the free importation of
foreign salts for the manufacture of chemicals and such fabrics
for which salt in large quantities is essential, if used only
in manufactures and not as an article of food.
XLY. — Chemical auxiliary atuffa.
318. BoraXy crude ; boracic acid ; Chili saltpeter (nitrate of soda), crude ; sul-
phur (in blocks and bars), also ground and flower of sulphur;
antimony ; tartar, crude or refined ; citrate acid, and tartrate
of lime Free.
319. a, Dun^ salt (refuse from salt works and factories, and manure, arti-
ficial, made from mixtures of salt) Free*
h. Chloride of potassium ; chloride of magnesia ; glauber salt (sul-
ghate of soda); sulphate of iron 0.20
e articles enumerated under a and d, except glauber salt and
sulphate of iron, unless imported by factories with that privi-
lege, only by special permit and after examination of the ex-
tent of salt contained.
380. Arsenic, metallic (arsenic), arsenious acids (except arsenic or arsenical
acids), arsenic sulphur (orpiment, realgar); corrosive iron
liquids of all kinds; pyroligneous acid, raw;*zaffer, smalt;
strewing smalt ; new or renewed ashes of bones (spodium) ;
sulphuric acid ; muriatic acid ; nitric acid (aqua fortis^ 0. 50
321. a. Soda (i. e., carbonate of sodium), raw or crystallized ; potasii (sim-
ple carbonate of potassium^ ; sulphate of potassium (duplicate
salt) ; bicarbonate soda ana potassium ; glycerine (also glycer-
ine lye) 0,80
h. Soda, calcinated 1.20
3S2. Alum ; sulphate of ammonia, sal ammoniac, spirits of salt ammoniac,
Sirits of hartshorn ; subsulphate of alumina and carbonate of
nmina ; admonter (mixed iron and copper), sulphate of cop-
per and sulphate of zinc ; ashes of lead ; litharge (silver and
gold litharge) ; borax, refined; chloride of lime ; pyroligneous
me ; pyroligneons clay ; saltpeter (alkali and natron saltpeter),
refined; sulphuret of carbon ; soluble glass; aniline oil; car-
bolic acid, crude; nitro-beneine; anthracene, crude; naphtaline
crude 1.50
White lead, white zinc (white oxide of zinc^, ashes of zinc (gray oxide of
zinc), white baryta (artificial sulphate of baryta) ; pyroligneous
lead; acetate of lead; pmssiate of potash, yellow and red;
chloride of potash ; verdigris ; cement of all kinds ; protoxide
of lead ; rea lead ; bicarbonate of soda and potash ; carbonate
of ammonia; tartaric acid ; ashes of tin ; proto-chloride of tin
and other preparations of tin
1784 CONO — A P 16
t
226 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Floriiii.
324. Caofitio potash ; caastic soda ; sulphate and hyposulphate of lime ; crude
manganate and permangauate of potash and soda ; sulphate and
hyposnlphatoofsoda; oxalic acid (oxalate) ; oxalate of potassa;
sulphate of magnesia ; chromate of potassa, yellow and red. . . 4. 00
XLVI. — Chemical ]traduet$, colon, medictfiet, and perfumeries.
325. Blacking (pine soot, printer's ink, and Frankfort hlacklng, ground char-
coal and coal blackings of all kinds, except granulated bone-
black); shoe-btackin^ 1.50
326. Glue of all kinds; |^latine (animal and yegetable jelly); albumen and
albumenoide, casein, caseum 1.50
327. Starch-paste (dextrine, leiogomme), and other substitutes for fflne, not
otherwise provid^ for; paste^ glue, flour-paste, ana similar
starch containing glues and finishing materials 1.20
328. Starch, also starch meal 6. 00
Note. — Starch for finishing purposes on producing permit on condition
and under control of respective reflations 1.50
329. Ether, collodium, chloroform; carbolic acid, pure, crystallized, and
liquid ; acid of vinegar, condensed (ako p^roligneons acid,
purified) ; phosphor and phosphoric acid ; quicksilver prepara-
tions (also vermilion; yeast of all kinds, except wine lees;
sugar of milk 10.00
330. Tar pigments and artificially prepared organic pigments 10. 00
331. Chemical products and manufactures not otherwise provided for 10. 00
332. Sealing-wax, wafers, manufactures of Jellv; inks and inkpowders 10.00
333. India ink ; blue-black crayon ; lead pencils, red and colored crayons, set
or unset ; all colors in bladders, oases, shells, casks, or boxes . . 24. 00
334. Oil varnished (also boiled drying oils), without any admixture of resin,
turpentine, or mineral oils :
a. In casks 3.00
d. In tin cans, bottles, &o 10.00
335. Lac- dye (with an admixture of resin, turpentine, mineral oil, or alcohol) 24. 00
336. Drugs prepared, as well as all materials showing themselves by their
inscriptions, labels, wrappers, &o.,a8 medicines (also as medi-
cines for animals), unless coining under goods with a higher
tariff 24.00
337. Articles of perfumery (perfumed vinegars, grease, and oils in packages of
less than 5 kilograms ; alcoholic, aromatic essences and waters ;
all fragrant substances and mixtures recognized as perfnmeries
by their packing, labels, directions for use, &c, ; fumigating
pastils ; perfumed powder) ; rouges, cosmetics 50. 00
XLYII. — Candles and soap.
338. Pitch torches 1.50
339. Tallow candles 6.00
340. Wax candles, wax torches, wax tapers, night lights, wax matches 10. 00
341. Candles and manufactures of grease not otherwise provided for, for in-
stance, out of stearine, spermaceti, palm oil, and paraffine 11. 00
340. Soap:
a. Ordinary 4.00
b. Fine, i. e., perfumed, or in cakes, balls, boxes, pots 15. 00
Note. — Oil soap, not perfumed, manufactured in Trieste and J^ume,
will be entered under the prescribed conditions at half the duty
paid by the most favored nations.
XLVIII. — Explosive goods,
343. Explosive goods, ordinary, i. e., threads dipped in sulphur, matches,
paper, matches; tinder, natural, soaked; tinder, artificial;
touch- wood (natural and artificial) ; touch-wood paper 1. 50
344. Fireworks, fuses (^uick-matches) 10.00
345. Percussion caps, with fulminate 24. 00
346. Ammunition, i. e., all explosive materials intended for or adapted to be
used with fire-arms, also blasting material which contains the
ingredients of gunpowder (saltpet'Cr, sulphur, and charcoal. . . *52. 50
347. All blasting and explosive materials not included in No. 346 *24. 00
* Only by special permit.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 227
XLIX. — Ohjecta of art and litertUure»
Florins.
348. Books, printed matter, also almanacs, newspapers, and handbills ; maps
(scientific), musical publications, paper written on, docaments,
and manuscripts Free.
Note. — Almanacs, newspapers, and handbills being subject to stamp
duty and control, their numbers, on entry, must be given.
349. Pictmes on paper, t. e., copper-plate and steel engravings, lithographs,
wcK)d-cuts, photographs, &o., chromotypes on paper or on
canvas Free.
350. Paintings, t. e., paintings on woods and on base metals, not varnished, on
canvas and stone, also original pictures and drawings on
paper Free.
351. EDgraved p£»tes of base metal, stone or wood Free.
352. Statues (also busts and figures of animals), as well as bas-reliefs and
hlgh-relie£9 of stone weighing more than 5 kilograons ; likewise
statnes, busts, and figures of animals, of metal or wood, but not
less than natural size Free
Notes.— (I.) Bonnd books, pictorial works, &c,, or maps and pictures
Sasted npon canvas or card-board, will be treated according to
foB. 348 and 349 ; if, however, the character of the bindings
brings them under fancy ^oods, then such books or plotoriius
will be classed in the tanfif as fancy goods. Bindings, maps,
cartoons, and the like, into which books and pictures have been
loosely laid or put, will be treated separately in accordance
with the character of the material.
(2.) Framed pictures (No. 349) will be treated according to the
material of which the fhtmes are composed. In regard to
paintings (No. 350) in frames, the latter pay duty separately,
according to their character ; in case separation appears im-
practicable, half of the total weight will be levied according
to character of frame.
(3.) Objects upon which the pictures and painting are placed
simply as ornaments, or incidentally, and wnich in consequence
cannot properly be regarded as pictures, but evidently serve
ordinary purposes, will not be exempted from paying duty.
L. — Btfuae,
^ Manoie, animal and other, also artificial manure (not of salt composi-
tions) ; ashes of wood and coal ; bones, bone-ashes, ground bone,
bone dust, suitable only Tor manure ; raspings of horns and
hoofs ; blood, liquid and dried ; animal sinews ; residne from
the manufacture of prussiate of potash; ammoniacal water
(gaswater) Free.
351 Bran; malt-germs ; chaff ; hard residue from the manufiEtcture of fat oils,
also ground; draff, swill, husks ; wine-mother Free.
355. Eefose from the mannfactnre-of glass, also glass which in melting over-
flows the hearth ; pieces of broken glass and clay ; refuse from
the preparation of wax; refuse bathing and horse sponges;
glovemakers' clippings ; refuse from India rubber and gutta-
percha manufactories, as well as old pieces of such fabrics .... Free.
356. Rags and other refuse for the manufacture of paper, i. «., linen, cotton,
silk, and woolen rags, paper cuttings (paper clippings), waste
paper (written and printed), old nets, old ropes, and old cords;
lint (linen scraped) Free.
Note.— Refuse not otherwise provided for, and not adapted for other
use, will be treated like the raw material of which it is com-
posed.
Part II.— Exports.
357. Rags and other refuse for the manufacture of paper, i. e., linen, cotton,
silk, and woolen rags; also pnlp (half-material, firm or fluid
paper pnlp), paper cuttings (paper clippings), waste paper,
(written and printed), old nets, old ropes, and old cords 4. 00
All other goods not enumerated here are free.
JAMES RILEY WEAVER,
Cansul-OeHerdl,
YiKKNA, June 17, 1882.
0
228 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
PBOPOSEI) DUTT OH AOBICULTXnBULL PBODUCTS.
Gonsul-Oeneral Weaver, of Vienna, in a dispatch dated April 4, says :
On the l8t ioBtaut, iu tbe lower honse of the Aastrian Reichsrath, Dr. Kronawetler,
one of the advanced liberal members fh>m this city, replying to a petition of the farm-
ers' society of Spielfield in Styria, which among other demands asked for an increase
of the entry duties on field prodncts, made the following Remarks, translated literally
from the report thereof given in the "Neue freie Preaae^ of April 2, which may be of
interest, seeing that they substantiate the position taken in my dispatch, No. 119, un-
der date of 16ui ultimo, as to the probable causes that actuated the Qovemment to
prohibit the importation of American swine products into Austria-Hungary. Dr. Kron-
awetlersaid:
*' I find under the articles of the petition one that absolutely fails to please me
[laughter], that is the second article^ which reads 'Increase of entry duties on ag-
ricuuural products.' From the tariff debate, which took place at the time, we
know that precisely a large number of field products were then covered with an in-
crease of entry duties. The agriculturalist's have succeeded further, in that to the
detriment of the large cities, under the pretext of the introduction of the cattle plague,
the importation of cattle, and, under the pretext of the trichinsB contained therein,
the importation of American pork, have been prohibited. Tes, gentlemen, where shall
this lead to T In Austria there are not only farmers in existence [laughter], but there
are also inhabitants of cities, who are not there to become impoverished by the coun-
try people. [Bravo, bravo, from the extreme left.] Among the peasants are found
large landowners, who own large flocks of sheep which they willingly sell to the in-
habitants of the city at a high price. During the past centuwr it has been esteemed
the task and advantage of an administration if it should provme that the necessaries
of life should become cheap. Now, suddenly, however, attention must be directed to
the peasant population, among whom millionaires are found. [Cries of opposition and
approbation.]
''The large landowners of Bohemia belong cert*ainly to the i>ea8ant population. In
the large cities you find more want and distress than in the rural districts, and the
state representatives must likewise providefor cities. The abolition of the com tax
in England has always been pointed out as an acquisition, and shall the House of
Representatives (o&t^eordnetentaiM) now recommend the restoration of measures long
ago vanquished from a natural economical standpoint T I am not here in a position
to offer a motion, but perhaps my remarks are sufficient to bring it about that such
matters may be Judged not alone with regard^ to the farming classes, but with regard
to the entire population, and to the residents of cities. [Bravo, bravo.]''
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 229
8ERVIA.
THE SEBVIAH TARIFF OF IHPOBTS.
REPORT BT CONSUL SOHJJYLER, OF ATHENS.
The old costoms tariff of Servia is not in force for those countries
which have concluded treaties giving them the rights of the most fa-
vored nation. The commercial treaty with Austria-Hungary and that
with Great Britian impose a new tariff on various objects. Commercial
treaties have also been concluded with Germany and France, which are
said to contain new reductions of duties, but the ratifications of these
treaties have not yet been exchanged, and they are therefore not yet in
force. Ko new general tariff will be published until the completion of
these treaties. Goods coming from the United States would, tt^erefore,
follow the tariff contained in Annex A to the commercial treaty between
Servia and Austria-Hungary, modified in certain articles by the reduc-
tions made in the treaty with Great Britain.
Annex A to the commercial treaty with Austria-Hungary is as fol-
lows:
I. — Spbcific Duties.
Francs per
100 kilograms.
1. Paper:
a. Packing paper (inoluding gray, straw, and blotting paper, as well as
the bags manufactured from these kinds of paper), card-board of
all kinds, even impregnated or covered with any substance what-
ever 4.00
&. Printing and writing paper, even colored 7.00
c. Letter paper of every kind, and envelopes (even in card-board), printed,
streaked, or ruled paper, also bound or sewed in paper or in card-
board, tissue and cigarette paper, in sheets 10. 00
d. Cigarette paper cut up and in books 15.00
r. Registers and memorandum books, bound in cloth or leather, with
comers and clasps of ordinary metal 1 20.00
/. Playing cards 35.00
Tare in percentage of the gross weight : 15 in cases or barrels, 10 in baskets,
5 in bales or sacks.
2. Floor and mill products, grain, pearled, crushed, and hulled, semolina and
groats 1.00
3. Wool tissues :
a. (1) Rough blankets (for horses and for beds), ordinary carpets of goats'
and other animals' hair, ordinary felts of animals' hair, and
rough wool (even cut up into soles, &c., as well as tarred and
varnished), cloth list 16.00
(2.) Rough cloths, such as cloth called halina coarse cloth {Loden)^ aba,
chaiakj azur 20. 00
Tare in percentage of the gross weights: 16 in cases or barrels, 8 in baskets,
5 in bales or sack.
h. Tissues, even mixed with a small quantity of silk, or with metallic
threads, viz:
(1.) Cloths and tissues analogous to cloths for men's clothes and other
strong garments, flannels, wadmoll, long-piled cloths, teaselled,
for linings, fine felt, and fine ielt articles 58. 00
Toro percentage of the gross weight : 18 in cases or barrols, 10 in baskets,
5 in bales or sacks.
Brmabk.— Under ''tissues analogous to cloths" aro included also all the
fashion stuffs for men's clothing, such as aro manufactured at
Briinn and >Reichenberg (Herrensocky Hosenatoffe, Modeatoffe ''nou-
veant^a").
(2.) Thin, light stuffs, serving generally for women's garments (Or-
leans, cnshmero, mohair, and the like), stuffs for furnituro, table-
cloths, handkerchiefe, scarfs, sbawls, and analogous tissues, with
or without fringes or tassels, shag and woolen velvet 90. 00
230 TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
Franca per
100 kilognuuL
Tare in precentage of the gross weights : 18 in cases or barrels, 10 in baskets,
5 in bales or sacks.
Remark. — ^Tbe following stnffs are inclnded under the above : Alpaca,
mobair, Orleans, Thibet, lustring, cashmere, serge, llama, goats'
hair, satin, Italia cloth, merino, damask, rep, and stufifs for fur-
niture, and fashionable stuffs for women . Handkerohiefis, shawls,
and scarfs may be trimmed with simple embroidery.
4. Articles in wood :
a. Ordinary, i. e., wheelwrights', coopers', turners', and carpenters' work ;
all these in the rough, neither painted, nor colored, nor varnished,
nor polished, nor combined with other materials, except iron 2. 00
Remark. — Under the above are included: Casks, vats, tubs, troughs,
spouts, baskets, buckets, wheels and other parts of carts (except-
ing ready-made carts), wheelbarrows, hand-carts, and sledges,
floors and their belongings, oars, benches, tables, chairs, beds,
wardrobes, yokes, saddle-bows, calendars, turners' benches,
sheaves, ladders, lasts, clogs, fowl-cages, spoons, plates, ordinary
toys, boxes, rakes, forks, spades, boot pees, toothpicks, strips for
matches, and all other similar articles In wood, in the rouffh,
neither painted, varnished, nor polished. Corks and cork soles
are also included in this category.
h. Furniture (and trunks) in soft wood, simply painted (or with flowers
and other ordinary painted ornaments), and combined only with
straw plats andiron work 3.00
0. Joiners' and turners' work and other articles of painted wood (except
those mentioned tinder 5), vamiehed, polished, even in combina-
nation with other ordinary materials b. 00
Tare in percentage of the gross weights : 18 in oases or barrels, 12 in baskets,
4 in bales or crates.
Remark. — The following are included in this category : Toys in wood only,
pipe-stems, pipes, and ci£[ar- holders, in wood only, sticks not com-
bined with otner materials, umbrella and parasol frames com-
bined with whalebone, steel, and other similar materials, but
without stuff; wood strips, bronzed and gilded, and frames made
of these strips.
5. Railway transport material. Exempt.
6. Drinks and liquids.
a. Wine in casks :
1. From the growth of the districts of Versecz, Feher-Templon
(Weisskironen), and Pancsova 2. 50
2. Othergrowths 6.00
Tare in percentage of the gross weights : 11 in double casks.
h. Distilled spirite (alcohol, spirits of wine, brandy, rum, liquors).:
1. In casks 6.00
2. In bottles 20.00
Tare in precentage of the jg^oss weights: 11 in cases or double casks, 5 in
baskets, and 24 for the bottles.
0. Beer in casks and bottles 3.00
Remark. — If, on the entry of beer imported in bottles, the importer de-
clare that he will export the bottles within three months, the
tare of 35 per cent, of the weight of these bottles will not be de-
ducted: on the other hand, custom-houses by which the beer en-
ters will make a note of the number of bottles imported, and will
restore, on the exportation of an equ&l or smaller number of
beer bottles within the above-mentioned period, the customs and
troearina duties which correspond to their effective weight with-
out levying any exportation duty.
Tare on percentage of the gi'oss weights : 25 in double casks, 20 in cases,
15 in simple casks, 5 in baskets, and 35 for the bottles.
d. Vinegar... 2.00
7. Mineral waters, including the bottles and pitchers 0. 50
8. Coal and lignite Free.
9. Large plaster and stone work, such as gravestones, monuments, columns
(even with inscriptions), abutments and sashes, gutters, pipes,
troughs, steps, &c., and other work (even in plaster) weighing at
least 5 kilograms, and combined only with wood or common metal :
a. Grindstones, whetstones, and lithographic stones, not polished 1.50
b. Polished; flagstoues polished 2,00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 231
FraBC8i>eT
10. Pottery : lOO kilogmms.
A. Common pottery, glazed or nnglazed, BtoDeware, pipes, stove aud floor
tiles ; these articles, even combined with unpolished or unvar-
nished wood or iron 2. 00
h. Fine pottery and porcelain of one color or white^ also white decorated
with colored borders or ornaments: clay pipes; the above men-
tioned articles also with covers ana omaments.in common metal.
Under this are included also the articles contained in heading a,
if they have similar covers or ornaments 6. 00
e. Fine pottery and porcelain, colored, painted, gilded, or silvered ; pot-
tery combined with other common materials, in so far as they are
not included in categories a and h 14.00
Tare in percentage of gross weights : 25 in cases or barrels, 20 in baskets
or orates.
11. Glassware:
A. Common glass. <.«., neither ground, polished, engraved, painted, nor
combined with other materials :
1. Window-glass in sheets, hollow glassware in its natural color,
glass ana enamel in coarse bulk, glass slabs for roofs and pave-
ments, grooved or not 3.00
^ Hollow glassware, white 5. 00
b. Hollow glass (indicated under a) with stoppers, bottoms, or rims pol-
ished or ground 5.00
e. Polished glass, etched, or engraved, molded with designs, colored,
gilded, silvered, foliated, chandelier pendants, buttons, pearls,
coral, glass enamel^ and paste 12.00
Bemark.— Shanks for attaching the buttons and the thread on which the
pearls, coral, and glass enamel are strung, merely in order to fa
cilitnte packing and carriage, will not influence the taring of
these objects. If the glass objects strung on thread or string
can serve without other preparation, asjowels (for example, brace-
lets, necklaces, &c.),they will not come under division No. 11 c.
d. Glassware combined with other common materials 20. CO
Remark. — Objects of hollow glass covered with reed, rush, straw, or cane
wicker-work will be treated according to the quality of the
glass in division 11 a, (, or o.
Tare in percentage of the gross weights : 30 in cases or barrels, 20 in bas-
kets or crates.
15^ Iron and steel :
a. Iron in the rough, t. e., cast iron in bars, in bulk, pig iron, &o., malle-
able iron and steel in bars, in prisms, bulk, or other rough
pieces, iion in blooms (Luppeneisen^ Rohzaggel)^ millbars {Rohr
9ckeinen\ and ingots ; old iron remains of iron and steel 0. 80
h. Irou and steel, half- worked:
1. Iron and steel in rods, square, hoop iron, flat or round, angle and
comer iron, and steel of every kind ; iron and steel plates 2. 00
Rkmabk. — Under this heading are included all iron in bars or rocls, drawn,
molded, or wrought, drawn and cast steel in bars or rods of all
kinds, iron called " Bosnian iron," hoop iron, L iron, V iron,
T and iron (girders), U, -(- iron, &c., as in general iron and
steel of all shapes used in trade.
2. Steel and iron plates and wire • 3.00
0. Iron or steel ag^cultural tools and instruments, even with wooden arms
and handles, such as fish-spears, forks, cramps, picks, spades,
hatchets, rakes, scythes, sickles, chafi'-cutting Knives, barrows,
plows, plowshares, harrow-shares, hedge and sheep shears. &c. . C. CO
Tare in percentage of gross weights : 10 in cases or barrels, 6 in baskets, 3
in bales or crates.
d. Steel or iron railway materials (except such as do not come under
machines or means of transport), for instance, rails, chairs, pieces
for the construction or the repair of rolling-stock, cbangiug and
crossing of lines, ]M>int8, &c., parts of iron constrnctions for rail-
way works Free.
13. Sole and other common leather, i, e., of a natural color, brown or black, also
blacked, grained, drawn, but not bronzed or patent leather.... 30.00
Tare : 14 in cases or barrels, 10 in baskets, 6 in bales or sacks.
14. a. Coffee surrogates '. 4. 00
h. Sugar:
1. Raw 5.00
2. Refined 7.00
Tare: 13 in cases or barrols, 9 in baskets, 2 in bales or sacks.
232 TARIFFS OF TUE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Fnnc8p«r
100 kflogiaina.
15. a. Salphnric and nitric acid 1.50
Gre«?n vitriol 0.60
Litbarge 3.00
Half-paste, liquid or solid mass for the mannfacture of paper Free.
d. Materials for lighting, especially matches of all kinds (even in boxes),
starcb, and glue 5.00
Tare : 12 in cases or barrels, 8 in baskets, 4 in sacks or bales.
16. a. (1.) Non-scented soap 6.00
(2.) Scented soap 12.00
h. Wax, Htearine, paraffine, cerine, and palmitic candles 12. 00
Tare : 15 iu cases of barrels, 8 in baskets, 3 in bales or sacks.
17. Machines and parts of machines in metal, wood, or other material, for the
use of manufiactures, trades, agri culture, breweries and distill-
eries, transports by water and by land, baths and other analogous
uses e Free-
18. Cotton tissues:
a. Fustian (soft thick flannel) and other similar stuffs, unbleached inuslin
for linings 20.00
h. Fustian and other similar stufis (Kalmuky &c.), ticking, sacking,
^^Schokl," t. f,f bedding stuffs, woven in colors or squares, blank-
ets, stuffs for trowsers and jackets, quilting, and other simile
S added stuffs, all these abides without exception, bleached
yed, or woven in colors or printed 25.00
0. Table linen and handkerchiefs woven in colors or printed 45. 00
Tare : 18 in cases or barrels, 12 in baskets, 5 in bales or sacks.
19. Hemp, flax, and jute:
a. 1. Coarse cloth for sacks and packing, as also ready-made sacks and
ticking for sacks. These articles may even bear colored stripes
as marks 6.00
2. Common cloth (common homespun linen) and other similar strong
flax or hemp cloth (as ^^ Flank," **Xumer<i8chf" **Kalamaika," &>c.);
ticking for military clothes, sail-cloth, and other strong tissues;
all these kinds of cloth, even bleached but not dyed 11. 00
3. All the tissues enumerated under a 2 dyed ; next the cloth called
**Qradlf" i. e., twilled cloth for bedding, mattresses, palliasses,
furniture covers, canvas, and ** Schokl,'' i, e., dyed stuff for lining^
and sheetings in colored squares, glazed calico for clothes, bleached
or woven in colors, carpets of all kinds 25.00
4. All flax tissues not included under a 1, 2, and 3, unbleached, bleached,
woven in colors or printed, with the exception of gauze, cambric,
and lawn 50.00
Tare : 18 in cases or barrels, 12 in baskets, 5 in bales or sacks.
h. Rope-makers' work :
1. Ropes, cables, and strings (also halters, traces, &o. ) 8. 00
2. Other rope-makers' work (twine, girths, canvas buckets and bottles,
nets, fire-engine, and gymnastic utensils), even combined with
other common materiak 16.00
Tare : 15 in cases or barrels, 10 in baskets, 3 in bales or sacks.
Remark. — In the present tariff, under the designation of " ordinary or common mate-
rials," are included all materials other than sliell, ivory, mother of pearl, Chinese
lacques, meerschaum, real agate, amber, the precious metals (including plated silver
lchina8ilber])f precious and tine stones, lino pearls and corals, silk stufi» (including
velvet).
II. — Ad Valorem Duties.
Goods iarifed at 6 per cent,
1 (v. I, divisions 4, 10, and 11). Toys of combined materials, pipe-stems, pipes and
cigar holders of combined materials ; canes combined with other materials ; umbrella
and parasol frames combined with materials other than those enumerated under 4 o;
fine sculptured objects of wood, which do not form accessories to articles of fnmitore;
ehess boards and men; little detached figures (statuettes, &c.) iu wood, china, or
clahs; jewelry in wood, china, or glass; needle cases and jewel boxes in wood, porce-
lain, or glass; cups and fans in wood, the latter covered with paper or tissues; and
o1 hvT small fancy objects in in wood, porcelain, or glass, with or without combinations.
2. All iron or steel objects not contained in Table I under division 12 (except fine
objects of cultery and spurs, needles, hooks, pens, and pen-holders, beads, clockworks,
arms, and ironmongery), even in combination with other common materials.
3. Tbread of flax, hemp, and other vegetable textiles • xcepting cotton.
4. Leather, gutta-percha, or tissue shoes.
TARIFFS OF THE &EVERAL COUNTRIES. 233
Goods tariffed at 15 ptr cent,
5. Tobacco and mannfactnred tobacco.
6. Soiith6ni froita.
7. Spices.
8. UngToand coffee, rice, sponges, whalebone.
U. Incense, gnm. and rosin, not elsewhere taxed, rongh or ground to powder.
10. Prepared meaicine and perf ornery.
11. Mineral oils.
V2. Pig and turkey fat and other eatable animal fats, salted or molded butter.
All other goods are tariffed at 8 per cent.
In six months, at the latest, from the date of the exchange of the
ratificsition of the present treaty, the said ad valorem dnties will be
cbangcil by mutual agreement to specific duties.
By Article YII of the treaty between Servia and Austria-Hungary,
certain i'avors have been granted to the frontier traffic between Austria-
Hungary and Servia ; and among those all goods imported directly into
Servia from the free traffic of the customs territory (♦. a., which have
been manufactured in Austria-Hungary or have paid duties on importa-
tion) of the AustrO'Hungarian frontier shall be submitted, at the choice
of the importer, to half the duties, whether specific or ad valorem, ap-
plicable to the importations of the most favored nation. These goods
are those comprised in Schedule A la, 9a, 10a, 11a, 1 and 2, 12a ft, 1 (in-
cluding remark o).
The following are exempt from all import or export duties in the direct
commerce by the common frontiers of the two countries :
(1.) Travelers', boatmen's, carters', and workmen's effects, such as
linen, clothes, traveling utensils, tools, and instruments destined for
their own use and in a quantity proportionate to the circumstances.
(2.) Carriages serving really for the transport of persons and of goods ;
carts, baskets, and similar apparatus for transports; beasts of burden
and draught animals; ships with regular inventories.
(."5.) Ships' provisions.
(4.) Patterns and pattern-cards which cannot serve for other pur-
poses.
(5.) Ordinary packings and the cases, &c., in which goods are packed
will not be tariffed separately, but will be treated according to the dis-
pasitions on the tares.
By Article III of the commercial treaty between Great Britain and
Ser\ ia, of February, 7, 1880, the following articles, when imported into
Servia, are not to pay a duty exceeding 8 per cent, ad valorem :
^letal and metal manufactures, whether of one metal or different
met.'ils in combination.
Tools and cutlery of all kinds.
iVIachines and machinery, and detached parts thereof.
Agricultural implements and machinery.
Y'arns, threads, and textile manufactures of all descriptions.
Pottery and porcelain wares and refined mineral oils.
Other goods shall pay, as the case may be, the specific duties in the
Servian general conventional tariff, or an ad valorem duty of 10 per
cent, at the option of the importer.
By a flurther declaration made between Servia and Great Britain on
July 4, 1881, the duty of 8 per cent, ad valorem on woolen and cotton
yams and threads is reduced to 5 i)er cent, ad valorem.
When the ratifications of the commercial treaty signed between Servia
and Germany on the 6th of January, 1883, shall be exchanged the im-
I>orter into Servia will have the option of paying ad valorem instead of
8X>ecific duties, as follows: (The numbers are given according to the par-
agraphs of the tariff in the treaty with Austria-Hungary.)
234 TABIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
10 fer cent ad valorem.
1. Paper.
2. Meal.
4. Articles in wood.
6. ft 1, 2; Cy d. Spirits, beer and vinegar.
7. Mineral waters.
9. Large plaster and stone work.
11. Olaasware.
13. Sole and other common leather.
14. Coffee-surrogates.
15. a, ft. Sulphuric and nitric acids, &c
16. Soap, candles, &c.
19. b 1, 2. Kopes, cordage, &c
8 per cent, ad valorem.
3. Wool tissues.
6. a 1, 2. Wine.
10. Pottery.
12. a, ft, c. Iron and steel.
19. a 1, 2, 3, 4. Hemp, flax, and jute.
The following changes were also made in the German treaty, chiefly
on articles not mentioned in the Austro-Hungarian treaty:
Half-ground rags and paper pulpj free.
Woolen hosiery (knitted and netted goods) and fringe, per 100 kilo-
grams, 100 francs, or 8 per cent ad valorem.
Small trarcj also combined with metal thread, 100 kilograms, 70 francs,
or 8 per cent, ad valorem.
Woolen yarns (weaving, embroidering, and knitting yam), 5 per cent,
ad valorem.
Iron and steel. All iron and steel objects not mentioned under 12 a,
&, c, d, and 17 (see Austro-Hungarian treaty above), (excepting fine
cutlery and spurs, needles, hooks, pens, penholders and pencil-cases,
steel pearls, clock and watch works, arms, ironmongery), even combined
with other common materials, G per cent, ad valorem.
Leather^ all not mentioned under 13 {vide Austro-Hungarian treaty),
7 per cent, ad valorem.
Aniline dyesj per 100 kilograms, 50 francs, or 8 per cent, ad valorem.
Lead pencils and colored crayons^ per 100 kilograms, 25 francs, or 8 per
cent, ad valorem.
Cotton goodsy hosiery (knitted and netted goods), velvet, per 100 kilo-
grams, 85 francs, or 8 per cent, ad valorem.
Tape goods and small ware, also in combination with metal thread,
per 100 kilograms, 40 francs, or 8 per cent, ad valorem.
Cotton yarns and threads (weaving, sewing, embroidering, and knit-
ting yarns and threads), 5 per cent, ad valorem.
HempjJlaXj and jute yarns (weaving and sewing yams and threads), 6
per cent, ad valorem.
Half silk wov^en and small ware, i, c, silk or floret silk, mixed with
cotton, linen, wool or other animal hair, also combined with metal thread,
per 100 kilograms, 350 francs, or 8 per cent, ad valorem.
Ready ma^e shirts and underwear j of cotton or liuen, per 100 kilograms,
100 francs, or 8 per cent, ad valorem.
Prepared medicines and perfumeries, 10 per cent, ad valorem (instead
of 15 per cent., as in Austro-Hungarian treaty).
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 235
All other goods, with the exception of tobacco and tobacco manufact-
ureSy southern fruits, spices, raw cofiee, rice, combs, whalebones, incense^
and not specially mention^ gums and rosins, in the lump or powdered,
pig's fat, goose fat, and other eatable animal fats, salted or melted butter,
8 per cent, ad valorem.
EUGENE SCHUYLER,
Cansul'OeneraL
United States Consulate-General,
Athensj April 14, 1883. .
RUSSIA.
THE HEW BVSSIAH TARIFF.
TBAJrSMITTSD TO TEB DBPABTMBNT BY OONSUL-GBNBJIUL BTAJfTON, OF ST.
PSTERSBUBO.
I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of the new Eussian
tariff which came into force on the 15th of July, 1882. The translation
is by Edward C. Froom, esq., and is said to be very correct.
In connection herewith it may be said that this new tariff has greatly
reduced the <^free list," and largely increased the duties generaUy.
EDGAR STANTON,
Consul' Oeneral,
United States Consxjlate-Genebal,
8t Petersburg^ August 30, 1882.
TARIFF OF CUSTOMS DUTIES LEVIED IN THE EMPIRE OF RUSSIA FROM
THE 1ST (ISrff) JULY, 1882.
[TraiDslAtedby Edward C. Fboou from the offloial Russian.]*
NOTE BT THE TRANSLATOR.
The foUowing tariff is, as nearly as possible, a translation of the Russian original,,
with all the changes and corrections which have been made, np to the Ist (13th) July.
In the oonyersion of the Russian valnes and measures into English, every care has
been taken to insure correctness.
The duty in Russia has to be paid in gold ; thus, in converting the Russian values
in these tables into English equivalents, the rouble has been taken at 3dd. metallic, to
give a sterling value.
This tariff came into force on the Ist (13th) July, 1882.
1 rouble (100 cop.)==38J.; 1 pood= 30.08 pounds j 1 pound (Russ.)=
14.43 oz. avoir.; 1 ar8hin=28 inches.
N. B. — ^Poisons and strong reagents can be imported only by persons
who have a license to trade in 4)hem.
* Watkins & Co., publishers, No. 10 Admiralty Plain, St. Petersburg.
236
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
PART L-IMPOET DUTIES.
1
2
8
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Articles.
I.— Abticlbs of Food.
Com, in grain, of all kincls, except rice (§ 4A) ; also
potatoes, free.
Vegetables, of every kind (except potatoes), fresh
and dried, not pressed (§ 50) ; chic-
ory in plants and roots, not prepared.
Aniseed, caraway seed, coriander seed, and mustard,
dry, not prepared.
Canceled.
Lemon, orange, and bitter orange peel, dried, not
candied : peel of bitter oranges, salt-
ed, and dned, bitter, unripe oranges.
Articles of food not specially mentioned
N. B.— Fresh fish imported in Russian vessels
pays no duty.
II.— Raw axd Half-maxufactuked Matbriai£.
For building and manufacturing purposes:
1. Clays used in buildings, or for works or manu-
facturos, except those mentioned in
§ 108, Article 2; trash, talc, in raw
state, chalk, not reflnea, tree.
2. Gypsum (raw), gypsum stone, mne, talc, and
chalk, rcmied and prepared:
a. Imported to Baltic ports
b. Imported by other ports, tree.
3. Cement, patent fire-bricks and stone slabs for
stoves, Puzsolana, prepared gypsum
or alabaster.
Stone, common, not worked:
1. Paving stones, silex (flint. See.) in pieces, or
tundand prepared; broken glass.
2. Filtering stones, mill-stones, Swedish and
other whetstones (except those spe-
cially mentioned), grindstones (ex-
cept those in 6 145), tdl stone in slabs,
stones for llthotfraphio purposes,
slate in rough state, mica, carbon fil-
ters.
Note. — Lithographic stones, with words or draw-
ings, must pass the censor's office.
Stones, precious, not set^ also imitations; real
I>earls in beads and on strini^, gar-
nets, coral (real), not worked (in
pieces, not cut or pierced).
Artificial stone for mosaic work (tesserae) and mo-
saic work not set; coral, artificial,
not worked.
Jet, mother of pearl, tortoise shell, amber (yellow)
meerschaum, not worked ; enamel in
lumps and i>owder (except blue
enamel, §118); ivory.
Stassf^rth salts (Abraum Sals), chloride of calcium
refined or not refined, free.
Sulphur:
1. Raw and unrefined, free.
2. Refined and flowers of sulphur.
Metallic and mineral ores of every kind, graphite or
plumbago in pieces. Copper sooriao,
iron in powder, cast-iron turnings.
Coal, charcoal of wood or turf; coke and turf. free.
Ob8.— Coal and coke imported into Poland pay
duty of 1 cop. per pood.
Tar of all kinds, of wood, of coal, of naphtha,
bitumen, anci pitoh. fluid or thick
(except fossil tar, i.e., asphaltum,
mineral wax, bees-wax, napht»gil,
&o., } 26, Article 6) ; also bird-lime.
Substances for tanning, viz, bark, acorns
Gnano and other manures, prepared or not. Bones
(except elephant and mammoth, § 11).
ground or not— or otherwise prepared,
free.
Russian.
Kngliah equivalents.
10 kopecks per
poott,gr.
40 kopecks per
pood.
10 kopecks per
poodjgr.
3 kopecks per
pood.
7 kopecks i>er
pooo.
3 kopecks per
If. per cwt., g.
3«. Ud. per cwt
Do.
iM. i>er cwt.
Z^d. per cwt.
8d. per cwt.
3|d. per cwt.
2 roubles per pound 7«. |<i. per pound.
lOf . 8d. per cwt.
Bo.
2 roubles per pood.
...do
10 kopecks
per
pood.
2 kopecks
pood.
per
5 kopecks
pood,gr.
per
6 kopecks
pood.
per
It. per cwt.
2idpercwt.
6<i.perowt.,g.
id. per cwt.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
237
Part I. — Import duties — ContiDiird.
£5
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
28
80
Axtioles.
II.^Baw axd Half-kanufactubrd Matisiaui—
Conitinaed.
Timber, not specially mentioDed, free
Cork- wood, not worked
Carding thisUee
Hay, straw, cleaned or not; bulbs, bark, grass,
flowers, roots, seeds (except sp^daUy
mentioned), and all fresh or dried
plants and vegetable prodoots; also
sQch as are used in medicine, free.
Ob8.— The importation of Coconlos Inoicos, or
berziee need in fishing, prohibited.
Dried essence, licorice or cuttings of almonds, not
scented.
Fibrons vegetable sabstances, raw :
1. Cotton, raw
2. Jute, raw
8. Flax and hemp, combed or not ; flax and hemp
waste and combings: wool of fir-tree
spines, vegetable hair, manila hemp,
fiber of nettles and other vegetables
used as substitutes for flax and hemp,
raw, free.
Bag! of all kinds, paper shreds, papier machS^ and
paper pulp, not worked, free.
Animal products :
1. Bones of every kind, burnt or ground ; also
animal charooaL
2. Horns of everv kind, and hoofs, free.
8. Hair, not worked.
a. Human
b. All other kinds
4. Down and feathers, unless specially mentioned
6. Skins not dressed, hides, salted and dried, ex-
cept those in § 85 ; also fish-skins and
shreds of raw, undrcMed skins.
9. Tallow and wax :
a. Animal tallow, train-oil
b. Stearine. parafflne, and spermaceti
e. Fish and whale blubber
d. Beea*wax, mineral wax, and wax for
dressing trees.
7. Canceled.
8. Silk waste (bourre de tcit), not combed, silk
sweepings of every kind, and cocoons.
9. Parts of animals and ununal products used
in medicine, not specially mentioned,
free.
Animals, domestic, horses, 4&o., and live animal? of
every kind, except those in § 67, free.
nL— Mawfactubbs.
Bricks, ordinary, and fire-bricks, tiles for roofing,
slabs of fire-clay, drainage and water
pipes, except those of metal, free.
Carpenters' work of every kind, wooden axles.
Jambs, spokes, naves (of wheels),
wheelbaiTOWs, carts, and other niugh
articles not specially mentioned, and
all coopers* work.
0b8.— Wooden pegs for shoes pay 30 kopecks per
pood, under $ 180.
Basket work:
1. Basket work, common, of cane, willow, com-
mon straw, bark, or laths, &c., mats
and bags of the same:
a. XTnpainted
b. Painted
Hussian.
10 kopecks per
pood,gr.
20 kopecks per
pood,gr.
20 kopecks per
pood.
46 kopecks per
pood.
40 kopecks i>er
pood.
10 kopecks per
pood,gr.
6 roubles per pood .
10 kopecks per
pood.
20 kopecks per
pood.
60 kopecks per
pood.
30 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble per ]>ood.
50 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble per pood.
22 kopecks per
pood.
5 kopecks per
KOpC'
pood.
16 kopecks i>er 1«. 6(f. per owt.
pood. I
46 kopecka pex \ it.^d.'^QCQ'viXK
pood. \
Bnglish equivalents.
U.per cwt.,g.
1«. Hid. per cwt., g.
1«. ll^d. per owt.
4«. 6d. per cwt.
3«. lid. per cwt.
If. per owt.
£2 99. 2d, per cwt.
1«. per cwt.
1«. Hid. per cwt.
4«. lid. per cwt.
•
2t, ll|d. per cwt.
9f. 9d. per cwt.
4«. Ud. per cwt.
9». 9d. per owt.
2a. 2d. per cwt.
6d. per cwt.
238
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Pabt I. — Import duiiea — Continued.
a .
81-84
35
86
87-88
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
AiticlM.
m.— Hahufactubbs— Continned.
2. Fnniitare of lath wood« straw. Ax., shoes of
reed, shave-grass, sad other similar
plants worked ap.
3. Door-mats: sack and matting of reed, shaye-
grass, and other plants, finee.
Canceled.
A grionltaral machinery, and other implements, with-
oat steam-engines, not specially men-
tioned, tnt.
Obs.— Duplicate parts of the above, and also the
indispensable fittings thereof^ imported together
with them, are admitted free. If imported sepa-
rately from machinery, Ate, they pay nnder § 175,
Article 1.
Sea and river going vessels of everv description,
with or without their rigging:
1. Iron bnilt, nnder 200 lasts» per last displace-
ment.
2. Iron built, above 200 lasts
8. Wooden vessels
(K. B.— The last=4,000 lbs.=abont 1| tons.)
Obs.— Vessels imported in parts, with or without
steam-engines, pay duty on each part according to
vaiious sections.
Canceled.
Books, drawings, Ac
1. Pictures, drawings, hand -painted and drawn,
and wilhont frames, also manu-
scripts, f^ee.
2. Engravings, lithographs, prints, music, ^kc,
reproducible prints, photographs,
dtc, free.
8. Books printed in foreign languages, free.
4. Books in Russian, printed aoroad :
a. Without bbdlng
b. Bound
Note 1.— The above articles are subject to the
rules of the censorship.
l^OTB 2.— In the case of pictures being framed,
the frames are sul^ect to § Isl.
Articles for collections, museums, &c., and aU curi-
osities (coins, weaiMns, du).), not hav-
ing the ohazaoter of merchandise,
free.
Canceled.
Patterns of stu£b of all kinds, measuring less than
an arshin, free.
lY.— Abtiolbs of Food.
Flour, malt, and grits (except potato fiour)
Potato flour
Starch, in lumps and powder
Bice:
1. Ordinary
2. Bice in the husk
Vermicelli and macaroni, sago and arrowroot
Yeast of beer:
1. Liquid
2. Dried and pressed
Salt, culinary, of every description :
1. Imported to any parts, except those mentioned
below,
2. To the ports of the White Sea
Ous.— In the ports of the Government of Archangel
21,0C0 poimda of salt may be imported annually free
of duty for the purpose of curing fish, and anv quan-
tity may be brought free to the Murman coast of the
White ^ea.
Russian.
20 kopecks per
[i kopec
pood.
20 roubles per last.
10 roubles per last.
5 roubles per last. .
8 roubles per pood.
4 roubles 50 ko-
pecks per pood.
10 kopecks per
pood.gr.
60 kopecks i>er
pood.
1 rouble per pood. .
70 kopecks per
pood.
40 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 10 kopecks
per pood.
90 kopecks per
pood.
2 roubles per pood .
20 kopecks per
pood.
10 kopecks per
pood.
English equivalents.
U. lli<i per cwt.
£1 16t. 2d. per ton.
18«. Id. per ton.
8». per ton.
£1 to. 6(2. per cwt.
£2 it, Sd. per owt.
1«. per owt., g.
5f. lid. per cwt.
to. 9d. per cwt.
6t. lOd. per cwt.
St. lid, per owt.
10*. Od. per cwt.
St. lOd. per cwt.
Ito. 8d. per cwt.
U. Hid, per owt.
It. per owt.
TARIFFS OF THE SFVERAL COUNTRIES.
239
Part I. — Import duties — ContinaecL
•S a
0»
C «
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
50
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
Articles.
IV.— Abticleb of Food— Continaed.
3. To the Polish frontier sod to the i>orts on the
Black and Azof Seas, prohibited.
0d8. — Salt imported at the castom-honsesin Poland
is admitted free of duty if for Government ose; also
salt for the mannfactnre of soda is admitted free.
Vegetables and fruit:
1. Vegetables, salted, soaked, dried, and pressed..
2. Fruits and berries, fresh, salted, soaked, Sec,
except those named below.
Ohs —Fruits and vegetables in hennetically>closed
vestM^ls pay duty under 6 62.
3. Oranges, lemons, bitter oranges •
4. Grapes, fresh
Capersandolives, dried, pickled, and in oil; imported
in casks, baskets. Sec., not in hermeti-
callv closed vessels.
In oil or vinegar, in nermetically-closed vessels, under
$62.
Carob beans
Nuts:
1. Of all kinds, forest and garden, except those
specially mentioned, peach kernels,
coestnuts, and cocoannts.
2. Almonds, with and without husks, also pis-
taohio nuts.
Fruits and berries, dried, of all kinds, plums, prunes,
Acs, raisins, dates, &o., not in sugar;
also Turkish confectionery (Rabat-
Lukum and Alva).
Obs. — The duty is leviable on the above inclusive
of the weight of tne boxes in which they are packed.
Beef, sait^, smoked, and dried, and sausages
Cheese
Ob8. — Cheese imported in lead or tin wrappers
pays duty on the weight, inclusive of such wrappers.
Butter
Honey and honey treacle
Treacle of cane sugar, of beet-root sugar, of fecula.
&.C., except of honey; also sugar of
milk.
Confectionery (sweetmeats), except Turkish, § 54:
1. Pieserves. sssia in pots and Jars, firiit in
liqueurs, in rum. in bnmdy, in simp,
in Juice; fruit sirups, pastilla, and
chocolate.
2. Fruits boiled thick without sugar, with which
are included preserves of pears and
jzrapes, i. «., bekmess; cocoa prepared
witnout sugar.
Ginger-bread, pAtes, English and American biscuits,
with or without sugar.
Condiments of every kind, such as prepared mus-
tard, soy. pickles, also capers, olives,
and all n^ts and vegetables in oil,
vinenr, Sco» (except those specially
mentioned), imported in glass, pots,
tin, and other hermetically-sealed
vessels.
Truffles, mousserons, champignons, and other mush-
rooms, in vinegar, oil, or salt; also
dried and fresh truffles.
Mushrooms, diied (except such as are only used for
medicinal purposes ^ 22.
Fish:
1. Marinated, prepared in oil and stuffed, and
cavinr.
2. Salted and smoked (except herrings)
Herrings and fish, dried and undried:
Bussian.
English equivalents.
55 kopecks per '
pood, gr.
1 rouble per pood.
50 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 40 kopecks
per pood.
2 roubles per pood .
40 kopecks per
pood.
80 kopecks per
pood.
2 roubles per pood.
1 rouble per pood.
80 kopecks per
pood.
5 roubles per pood .
50 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 20 kopecks
per pood, gr.
...do
8 roubles per pood,
5 roubles50 kopecks
per pood, gi*.
3 roubles50 kopecks
per pood, gr.
4 roubles per pood,
gr.
5t. bd. per cwt., g.
9». dd, per cwt.
4«. lid per cwt.
13«. 8d. per cwt.
lAt. Bd. per cwt.
3«. lid. per cwt.
7«. lOd. per cwt.
Idt. 8<i. p«r cwt.
lit. 8dl per owt.
It. lOd. per owt.
£2 Of. 2d. per cwt.
4«. lid. per cwt.
11«. Od. per cwt., g.
Do.
£Z ISt. 6d.percwt.,g.
£2 13«. 8d.per cwt.,g.
£1 14«. 2d.percwt.,g.
£1 19». per cwt., g.
6 roubles per iK>od,
gr.
44 kopecks per
pood, gr.
4 roubles per pood,
gr.
1 rouble 20 kopecks
per pood, gr. \
£2 10«. per cwt., g.
it. id. per cwt., g.
£1 10c.2d.i>erQwt.,g.
240
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Part I. — Import duties — Continued.
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Articles.
IV.— Abticlks of Food— Continoed.
1. Smoked herrings
2. Salt herring, cod, and other fish
Obs. to 6$ 65 AND 66. — All fish, fVesh Or otherwise,
imported in Kussian vessels in the government of
Archangel, free.
Oysters, loDSt^rs, crabs, mussels, cntUeflsh, snails,
Sec, fresh, dried, salted, or marinated.
Obs.- In hermeticiUly-closed vessels under § 62.
Chicory and acorns roasted, and other substitutes
for cofiee, in lumps or pressed, but
without admixture of coffee (vide
Obs. to §70).
0b8. — Chicory in its raw state (in plants and roots)
and acorns not roasted, are admitted fr-ee of duty
under $ 2 and § 17.
Laurel leaves and berries, and galangal
v.— Colonial Peoducb.
Coffee in beans
Ob8. — Coffee, roasted and ground, as well as any
substitute (e. g., chiconr), in tne condition of flour, or
with admixture of coflee, pays duty under this para-
graph.
Cocoa, in beans and cocoa shells
Obs.— Cocoa, ground, vide § 60.
Spices:
1. Vanilla and saflh>n
2. Cardamon, mace, and nutmegs
8. Cloves, clove-heads, pepx>er, ginger, and all
otiier spices not specially mentioned.
Sugar:
1. Baw and crushed or pounded, without admix-
ture of lumps.
2. Befinod, lumps, and sugar-candy, in loaves and
pieces.
Tobacco:
1. In the leaf and in bundles, with or without
stalks, and tobacco-stalks.
2. Tobacco, for smoking and for snuff, cut, of
every kind, twisted, in rolls, cakes, Sec
8. Cigars, and cut tobacco wrapped in leaves
Tea:
1. Flower, green and yellow
2. Ordinary black tea (the tea of commerce), tea
in stalks, and brick tea.
VL— Spibttb akd Drdcks.
Araok, rum, French brandy (cognac), and spirit dis-
tilled from plums, Imported in casks
or barrels.
Spirits distilled from com, in bottles, liqueurs,
Kirchwasser, gin, whisky, spirituous
infusions; also rum, arack, French
• brandy, and spirits distilled ftom
plums^ in bottles.
Obs.— The importation in casks of spirituous liq-
uors distilled frt>m com is prohibited.
Wine:
1. Imported in casks or barrels
2. Wine imiMrted in bottles, not sparkling
8. Wine imported in bottles, sparkling, ail kinds.
Mead, Linden honey, cherry wine, ale, and porter :
1. In casks
2. In bottles.
Russian.
22 kopecks per
pood, gr.
15 kopecks per
pood, gr.
2 roubles per pood,
40 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 20 kopecks
per pood.
2 roubles 50 ko-
pecks per pood.
.do
12 roubles per pood
4 roubles per pood.
2 roubles per pood.
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
8 rocbles SO ko-
pecks per pood.
15 roubles 40 ko-
pecks per pood.
1 rouble per pound.
2 roubles 40 ko-
pecks per pou nd.
24 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
17 roubles per
pood.
11 roubles per
pood, gr.
75 kopecks i>er
bottle.
2 roubles 55 ko-
pecks per pood,
40 kopecks per
bottle.
1 rouble 10 ko-
pecks per bottle.
17 kopecks per
bottle.
1 rouble 10 ko-
pecks per pood.
English equivalents.
2a. 2d. per cwt., g.
1«. 6d. i>er cwt., g.
19«. 8d. "per cwt., g.
3«. lid. per cwt., g.
11«. 9d. per cwt.
£14«.6(2.percwt.
Do.
£5 17«. 6(1. per cwt.
£ll9».2d. per cwt.
lOf. 6<2. per cwt.
£1 1«. 6d. per cwt.
£1 12». 6d. per owt.
£7 lit. 3(f. per cwt.
3s. Od. per pound.
3». 6d. per x>onnd.
£11 17«. 9d. per cwt.
£8 5f . 9d. per cwt.
£5 St. 9d. per cwt., g.
2«. 4id. per bottle^
£1 5«. per cwt., g.
U. 3d. per bottle.
Zt. 6d. per bottle.
6(4. per bottle.
lOf . 9d. per cwt.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
241
Pabt I. — Impart d«<iea— Contiiiaed.
Mi
SO
SI
S2
63
€4
85.
86
Artldee.
VL—SpnuTB A3XD Drinkb— Continued.
Ylnegar of ereiykind (except toilet Tinegw) i also
la perry :
1. IncMks
reiyl
oid(
er and perry;
2. In bottles.
Water, gaseons, not containing alcohol, snoh as oar>
Donlo acid and soda waters ; also min-
eral waters of every kind, naturtil or
artificial.
Fmit Jnioe, containing no sngar, with or without
trace of alcohol.
0b8. — ^Frnit Juice containing an admixture of al-
cohol is liable to an additional duty of 10 kopecks
on each degree of alcohol in addition to the duty of
60 kopecks per pood.
The importation of fruit Juice containing' more
than 16 degrees (Trallis) of alcohol is prohibited.
YIL—Vbobtablb a.xd Akimal Substakckb, Mis-
cbllasbou8.
Wood:
1. Exotic, for Joiners' and turners' work, such as
pock-wood (lignum-vite), cedar, cy-
press, mahogany, walnut wood, palix-
ander, palm, and all kinds of odorif-
erous wood, in logs, locks, and deals.
2. In sheets of veneer, of every kind
0b8. 1.— For dye-wood of every kind, see § 108.
Obs. 2.— Sheets up to ^ vershok in thickness are
considered as veneer.
Hides and skins, dressed :
1. Small: Calf-skin, tanned, prepared with alum
and tawed ; also morocco leather, kid,
chamois, fish-skin, and all fikins cut
for boots and shoes.
2. Large: Ox, cow, horse, and pig skins, tanned,
prepared with alum or tawed, and
straps of walrus skin ; also parchment.
3. Lacquered, of all kinds
Obs. — Prepared leather shreds pav the same dutv
as the description of leather to whicn
they belong. If raw, they are ad-
mitted free. See § 26, Article 5.
Peltries:
1. Skins (furs) of sll kinds, except those specially
mentionc<l.
2. Sable, blue fox, fisher, chinchilla, marten, fox-
skin, Hiid sea-benr.
3. Skins and tails of niuskrat, bear-skins, skins
of kangaroo and opossum, ral)bit-
skins, wolf-skins, tiger-skins, leopard-
skins, &c.
4. Fox, marien, and other skins brought to the
poris of the Government of Arch-
angel by the inhabitants of the coast.
Ob0. 1.— Walrus, elk, seal, and white grampus
skins (beloncra) brought to the ports of the Govern-
ment of ArchauKcl by the inbuoitants of the coast,
as well as all peltries of Russian origin imporied in
Russian ships, excepting those specified in Article
4 of this $ are admitted free of duty
Obs. 2. — Sheep-skins dyed and dressed are ad-
mitted under Ariiclo 3 of this 6; but if not dyed
and dressed, tmder § 26, Article o.
Whalebone
Obb»— Small ribs of cane, used in umbrella-making
in lieu of whalebone, pay duty under this ^.
87 Sponge
Snasian.
I Tonble 10 ko-
pecks per pood,
II kopecks per
bottle.
3 kopeoks per bot-
tieT
80 kopecks per
poodfgr.
10 kopeoks per
pood.
50 kopecks per
pood.
9 roubles per pood
5 roubles per pood
6 roubles 60 ko-
pecks per pood.
English eqidralenta.
lOt. 9d. per owt.
4id. per bottle.
Id. per bottle.
4«. lid. per owt., g.
U. per owt.
4*. lid. per owt
£4 7«. 7d. per owt.
£2 Of. 2d per owt
£3 4«. 8d. per owt
1 5 roubles per pood £7 7i. 6d. per owt
80 roublesiperpood
5 roubles 60 ko-
I>eoks i>er pood.
do
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles i>er pood .
£14 22«. 6d. per cwt.
£2 14s. i>er cwt
Do.
£1 It, 9d, per cwt
Ito. 8d. per cwt
1784 CONG— A P-
16
242
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEfiAL COUNTRIES.
Part I. — Jmpcri dutiet — Continued.
89
00
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
ArtiolM..
BnMian.
ym.— Wkayiko akd Spiknikg Matxbialb.
Hemp and flax jam of all kinds aad Jute yam
Obs. — For hemp and flax thread see § 92, Article 3.
Silk:
1. Kaw and silk waste, or bourre de foie, carded
(silk waddinjE), dyed or not dyed.
Ob8. — Silk waste, not carded, of all kinds, as well
as cocoons, pay dnty under § 26, Article 8.
2. Twist, tram, and orgaaaine, and silk, would
for woof or warp ; also all sewing silk,
yam of bourre de toie or silk waste,
either pare or mixed with wool,down,
or cotton :
a. Not dyed
b. Dyed and printed
Wool and down :
1. Kaw, washed and not washed, not dyed ; alao
flock wool and cloth shearings.
2. Wool, not span, of everv kind, dyed ; also arti-
flcial wool (snoddy, niungo), doUi
rags, and wool waste dyed.
8. Wool, worked into strips :
a. Not dyed
b. Dyed ,
4. Wool yam, pore or^mixed with cotton, flax,
or hemp :
a. Not dyed
b. Dyed
Cotton wadding, carded and gammed in sheets. . .' . . .
Cotton yam:
1. Up to No. 45, English meaenre :
a. Unhleaohed
b. Bleached and dyed (except tiiat dyed
with Turkey red).
e. Dyed with Tarkey rvd
2. Thinner than No. 45, English measure :
a. Unbleached
b. Bleached and dyed
8. Sewing and knitting cotton.
Lamp-wicks of cotton orothec material
IX.~MBTAL8.
Cast iron, in pigs and scrap
Iron (ana steel, § 07) :
1. In bars, of all kinds, having a breadth of i inch
to 18 inches, and thickness or aiame-
ter up to 7 inches ; also in blooms,
puddled blooms, and mill bars.
Note. — Iron or st<>el of less than ) inch in breadth,
thickness, or diameter, is treated as wire.
2. Iron and steel rails
3. Iron and steel, in sheets and plates, having a
breadth of 18 inches and upwards,
and evory kind of iron and steel hav*
ing a thickness or diameter of 7 inches
and upwards.
4. Scrap iron and steel
Tin plate, lacquered and not lacquered, also all kinds
of sheet iron covered with sine, cop-
per, or any other metal. (See $ 164.)
Steel (see ^ 95, same as iron).
4 roubles 40 ko-
pecks per pood.
55 kopecks per
pood.
8 roubles per
pood.
16 roubles per
pood.
1 rouble per pood.
2 roubles per immkL
3 roubles i>er
pood.
4 roubles 50 ko-
pecks per pood.
7 roubles 50 ko-
pecks per pood.
9 ronbles i>er
]>ood.
1 rouble 20 ko-
pecks pw pood.
8 roubles 60 ko-
pecks per pood.
4 roubles 70 ko-
pecks per pood.
5 roubles par
pood.
per
6 roubles
pood.
6 roubles per pood.
4 roubles per pood.
6 kopecks ]>er pood
40 kopecks per
pood.
50 kopecks per
pood.
55 kopecks per
pood.
22 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 40 ko-
pecks per pood.
English equiTalent>>
£2 8t. par owl
5f . 6d. per owt.
£B 18ff. 9dL per cwU
£1 17«. 9d. per owt.
9f . 9(i. per ewt.
19f . 8d. per owt.
£1 9t. fid. per owt.
£2 it. lid, "per cwt.
£3 18«. 8<L per owt.
£4 7«. 9d. per cwt.
lU. 9d. per cwt.
£1 Ifif. 5d. per cwt.
£2 5t. 2d. per cwt.
£2 9». 2d, per owt.
£2 19t. per owt.
£2 19t. per cwt.
£1 19«. 2d. per owt.
Id. "per owt.
dt. lid. per cwt.
4*. lid. per cwt.
5f . 5d. per cwt.
2t. 2d. per cwt.
18*. 9d. per owt^
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
243
Part 1. — Impart duUea — Continaed.
*" a
ti
0
. 9
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
100
107
108
100
110
111
112
118
114
Articles.
IX. —Mbtalb— Continaed.
Copper and brass : metallio alloys, snch aspinchbeck,
prmce's metal, argentine, German sil-
ver, Bntannia metal, &c., also nickel,
cobalt, bismo^h, cadmium, alcunin-
lum, and alloys of these :
1. In pigs, scrap, blooms, filings, Slc ^...
2. In sheets, bars, or rods
Obs. — Copper and alloys of copper, rolled and in
rods or bars, of ^ iDch or leas in tnlckness or diam*
efer, pay duty as wire (§ 167, Article 2).
Tins:
1. In blocks, bars, and scrap
2. In sheets and as amalgam for mirrors
Qaicksilver
Lead:
1. In pigs of all kinds, litharge, and lead ashes
of every description.
2. In rolls, sheets, and pipes
Zinc or spelter:
1. In blocks .
2. In sheets
X.—Dbuos, Sec.
Gams, lesins, and balsams:
1. Of all kinds, except those specially mentioned,
caoatcboac aod gutta-percha in blad-
ders and pieces not worked: fluid
caoutchouc; albumen of sll kinds;
camphor and manna.
2. Storax or common incense
8. Gum benzoin, ambergris; Tolatanand Peru-
vian balsams.
White rosin, colophony, also asphaltum in slabs . . .
Naphtha, black, raw, Mid not refined.
Volatile oils for lighting purposes, vis, petroleum,
kerosene, photogeno, gasoline, &o.,
also bensino. refined naphtha, and
))sraffino paste for lubricating ma-
chinery.
Turpentine and oil of turpentine
Natural dye-stuffii :
1. Vegetable: Avignon and buckthorn berries,
past* 1 wood, quercitron, henna leaves,
madder (in roots), taitnerio (in roots
and ground), alkanot (root), cartha-
mus, gall-nuts, and divi-divi.
2. Tinctorial earths of all kinds, raw and cal-
cined, vis, ochre*, sienna, Verona green,
bolus, and white chalk, refined.
Dye-woods:
1. In logs and blocks, sumach in every form
2. Ground and bruised
Archil, lacrous, toumesol, nrnatto, schuttgelb or
wood-lake; kermesgrains and catechu
(terra Juponica).
Madder, ground
Indigo, in every form except extract, § 119.
Cochineal in every form (except extract, see ^ 119,
Article 2).
Pmsfeian blue and Paris blue, ultramarine, natural
and artificial; also blue used in wash-
ing.
Russian.
66 kopeoka per
pood.
1 rouble per pood . .
40 kopecks per
pood.
70 kopeeks pw
pood.
2 roubles per pood .
10 kopecks i>er
pood!.
20 kopecks per
I kopec
pood.
40 kopecks per
pood.
70 kopeeks per
pood.
88 kopecks i>er
pooo.
I rouble 10 kopecks
per pood.
4 roubles 40 ko-
pcHsks per pood.
II kopecks per
pood.
17 kopecks per
pood.
60 kopecks per
pood.
33 kopecks per
I kopec
pooo.
6 kopecks per
pood.
.do
...do
30 kopecks per
pood.
do ,
55 kopecks per
poo<l.
3 roubles 30 ko-
pecks per pood.
8 roubles per pood
2 roubles 20 ko-
peeks per pood.
£UigUsh equivalents
6t. 6d. per owt^
Of. 9d. per cwt^
8f. lid. per owt.
6t. lOd. i>er owt
19«. M. per cwt.
If. per owt.
U. liyL per cwt.
8«. lid. per owt
6«. lOd. per cwt
8«. Zd, per owt
lOf . 9d. per cwt
£2 St. Id. per owt
if. Id. per owt
If. 8d. per cwt
5f. lid. per owt
8f . 8d. per owt.
6d.i>ercwt.
Do.
Do.
2f. l]d.per owt
Do.
6f. 5d. per owt
£1 12f. 6d. per cwt
£1 Of . 6d. per owt.
£1 lA 7d. per cwt
\
244
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Part I. — Import dutie9 — Continued.
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
128
127
128
120
180
181
182
138
184
185
186
187
Aztiolet.
X.— DBUO0, 6tc.— <;ontiDaed.
White lead and white of sino
Bed lend
yerdigrie
Colon: Capreoas (except verdiffris), as well as
arseDical and cobalt colors (inclnd-
ins smalt); colors of antimony (also
f^oid snlpharet of antimony) and of
chrome; also cinnabar.
Extracts of coloring materials:
1. Of all kinds, except those specially mentioned;
garaocine, flowers of madder, and all
preparations of madder in powder.
2. Extractsofindigo,cochineal (carmine and all
lakes), carthamine, and orchiL
Aniline colors and all colors of coal tar; picric acid,
and mnrpxide, also extract of madder
and madder lake.
Miniature colors of all kinds, in cakes, in powder,
on shells and in bladders; cassias or
golden purple and Indian ink.
Ob8. — Miniature colors of every kind in cakes, im*
ported in boxes handsomely finished or with oma-
mtrnts, pay dnty under § 229.
Ink, ink powder, and blacking
Colors and dyo-stnffs not specially mentioned, in
lumps, pieces, or ground, dry, or pre-
pared with water or oiL
Antimony, in raw and metallic state
Borax, raw and refined
Bnsaian.
55 kopecks per
pood.
30 kopecks per
poo<l.
2 roubles 75 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 50 ko-
pecks per pood.
5 roubles per pood .
15 roubles per pood
5 roubles per pood.
2 roubles per pood .
do
Tartar, raw and refined, cream of tartar, crystals of
tartar, and tartrate of potash.
Sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammoni.>, and all salts
of ammonia, raw and refined, as well
a.1 liquid ammonia.
Sulphate of baryta in every foim
Arsenic (me tjil), arsenical acid (white arsenic), yellow
sulphide of arsenic, and red sulphide
of arsenic (r6algar).
0b8.— Arsenic is only allowed to be imported in
double casks or cases.
Fenocyanide of potassium ; red prussiate of potash ;
chromato of potash, neutral and acid ;
also saltpeter not refined.
Ons. — Importation of refined saltpeter is prohibited.
Alum, calcined and otherwise, and sulphate of alu-
mina (substitnto for alum).
Nitrate of soda ; the condensed motherlye of Krentz-
nach waters; Vichy salts, and all
natural salts not specially mentioned.
Silicates of sodium (natrium) ana of potash (fosible
glass) and preparations of fusible
glass, soda, &c., for washing wool;
also bicarbonate of soda.
Soda and potash :
1. Carbonate of soda, crystallised
2. Carbonate of soda, calcined ; potash and pearl-
ash.
8. Caustic soda and potash
61aaber*s salts and carbonate and sulphate of mag-
nesia, and pyroligneous and pyroace-
tatooflime.
KiMc and muriatic or hydrochloric acids and chlo-
ride of lime and bleaching liquor.
Organic acids and oxides :
1. Acids: Acetic, citric, oxalic, and tartaric;
tannin, p^og^llio acid ; also phos-
phoric oxide.
22 kopecks per
pood.
11 kopecks per
pood.
22 kopecks per
pood.
do
56 kopecks per
X>ood.
— do
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
25 kopecks per
pood.
6 kopecks per
pood.
80 kopecks per
pood.
15 kopecks per
pood.
30 kopecks per
pood.
45 kopeoks per
pood.
15 kopeoks per
pood.
44 koneoks per
pooa.
4 ronbles per pood
BngUsh eqniTaleata.
6$. 5d. per cwt.
2i. lid. per owt.
£17«. ld.perowt.
£1 It, ed. per owt.
At 4a. 7d. per owt.
£2 Os. 2(t per owt.
£7 7«. 6d. per owt.
£2 St. 2<i. per owt.
iSt. Bd. per cwt.
Do.
2t. 2d. per owt.
Is. Id. per owt.
2«. Id. i>er cwt.
Do.
6s. 5d. per cwt.
Do.
£1 is. 6d. per owt.
2ff. M, per cwt.
6d. per cwt.
2t. lid. per cwt.
Is. 6d. per owt.
2f . lid. per owt.
4«. 5d. per owt.
U. 6d. per owt.
4s. 5d. per cwt.
£119t.Sd.perowl
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBIES.
245
Part I — Import dutie9 — Continaed.
188
189
140
lil
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
140
160
161
162
•168
Articles.
X.— Dbuob, dec— ContiiiTied.
Organic acids and oxides— Continaed.
2. Oxides: Of cobalt, of mercury; and stannic
oxide; aliimininm hydrate; baiiom,
matfneaiam, and sttontinm.
Solphnric acid (vitriol) ; snipharet of carbon
Vitriols:
1. Of iron, or green copperas
2. Of copper, or blue copperas (sulphate of cop*
per); sulphate of sine; Salsburgyft-
riol or double sulphate of iron and
copper.
Acids, oxides, salts, and other chemicals not spe-
cially mentioned.
0d8.— Boxes coutainlns; chemical reagents for lab-
oratories pay under this §, together with the weight
of the utensils and cases.
Glue:
1. Isinglass of every kind, in lumps, sheets, etc.,
and gelatine for clearing wine. •
2. Joiner's glue and shoemaker's glue
Tarnishes of spirit or oil.
Bone>black
Oils:
J. Olive or seed oil, and all vegetable oils except
those specially mentioned; oil ofbones.
lattv and burning oils ; drying oil and
seea oil with admixture of turpentine.
2. Essential scented oils, with or without trace
of fat oils; oils used in medicine and
perfumery.
8. Cocoanut and palm oil ; afso glycerine
ISmery, graphite, and pumice-stone, powdered;
bronzing powder, tripoli. hematite,
colcothar, and other substances for
polishing metals, &c., mixed with
grease, i.0., in the shape of thick paste
and in snv other form ; also spread on
paper or linen ; paste for razor straps ;
putty for windows, and cement for
metals, glass, and porcelain; patent
knife-boards, whetstones, and grind-
stones.
Obs. — Emery and pumice-stone in lumps pay only
half duty, i. s., 15 kopecks the pood.
Phosphorus
Ether, chloroform, andcoUodium ■
H<^ and extract of hops
Opium and lactucarinm
Aromatio waters, containing no alcohol, such as
cherry - laurel water, peppermint
water, or ange-flower water, rose
.water, &o.
Patent medicines, in a prepared form, permitted to
be imported according to special list,
which see.
XL— Stokewabb, Poitbbt, Sec,
Alabaater goods, with or without ornaments.
Gypsum, marble, porp&yry, serpentine, slate, Ac,
workea, wiui or without ornaments.
One. 1.— Slates for roofing are admitted free under
$ 8, Article 2.
Obb. 2.— Marble steps and tombs (rough hewn and
not polished) pay a duty of 20 kopecks per pood.
Gek. 0b8. to $§ 152 AKD 153. — if the bronze orna-
ments evidently constitute the principal value of the
object, and cannot be separated from it, onlyhalf
the duty charged on bronzeware is levied.
BuBsian.
1 rouble 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
22 kopecks per
pood.
.. do
50 kopecks per
pood.
2 roubles per pood
6 roubles per pood
11 kopecks per
pood.
8 roubles 50 ko-
pecks i>er pood.
22 kopecks per
pOod.
2 roubles per pood .
13 roubles 20 ko-
I>ecks per pood.
65 kopecks per
pood.
80 kopecks per
pood.
English equivalent
1 1 roubles i>er ]>ood,
5 roubles per pood.
I rouble 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
II roubles per
]>ood.
4 roubles 40 ko-
pecks per pood.
10 roubles per
pood, gr.
1 rouble 20 ko-
X>ecks per pood.
50 kopecks per
pood.
lis. 9<f. per owl.
2t. 2d. per cwt.
Do.
4t. lid. per cwt.
lOf . 8d. per cwt
£2 to. 2d. per owt.
If. Id. per owt.
£4 2ff. lid. per owt.
2t. 2d. per cwt
Ito. 8d. per cwt
£6 fit. 3d. per owt.
6f. 5d.perowt.
29. lid. per owt.
£5 7«. 6d. per owt.
£2 9». Od. per owt
lU.Od.per owt
£5 7«. Od. per cwt.
£2 3«. per cwt.
£4 18«. per owt, g.
n«. Od. per owt.
4t. lid. per owt.
\
246
TARIFFS OF THE SEYKRAL CX)UNTRIES.
Part I. — Import dutteg — Continned.
XI.^Stonkwabb, PoiTEBT, &C.—C0D tinned.
154 Pottery ware of common cUy or sandstono :
1. All pottery ware, except that mentioned in
Article 2.
2. Articles for the decoration of rooms, colored
and gilt.
186 Earthenware :
1. White or of one color, dyed in the paste, with-
out ornaments, although with a mold-
ed patterh.
2. The same with patterns, rings, borders and
edges of one color.
8. The same with cildtng, painting, or with va-
riegate d patterDs.
256 Porcelain :
1. Porcelain vessels, white or of one color, with
edges or borders colored or gilt, bat
without other ornaments.
2. Porcelain vessels with painting or with pat-
terns, colored or gilded, flowers or
other ornaments, as well as ol\}eots
of porcelain or biscuit, for decorating
rooms white or of one color, but
without pointing, gilding, or bronze
ornaments-
8. Ornaments of porcelsin, such as statuettes,
garnitures for rooms and tables, can-
dlesticks, and such like ol^ects.with
painting, gilding, or brunae orna-
ments.
One. 1.^ Articles of so-called ^oft or English por-
celain, which is semi-transparent, pay the same duty
as teal porcelain.
0b8. 2. — Crests and cyphers are not considered
ornaments.
Obs. 8.— The boxes or cases in which porcelain is
imported pay duty according to the material of
which thej' are made.
157 Glasswares :
1. Bottle-green glasswares, not 01 namented, cut,
or ground, although with cast letters
and patterns.
0B8.— All wine bottles imported in the Black and
Azof Seas and to Bessaiabia arc- admitte<l ftee.
2. Window glass of all kinds, white, half white,
or bottle-green ; and glassware, white,
half white, not cut or gioond, not or-
namented, though with finished or
giound bottoms, borders, and stop-
pers, and with cast patterns.
8. Window glass, colored, dy t-d in the paste, milk
white, dimmed, roticulated, and arti-
cles of colored glass (dyed in the
paste), or double glass (with colored
coating), mUk white, reticulated,
dimmed (ground with eand), not
ground, cut, or oinoniented, without
gilding or silvering, althontrh with
cast patterns aiid ground and finished
stoppers, bottoms, and edges.
4. Articles of crystal or white glass, ground and
cut. out not ornamented.
5. Articles of colored glass, of one color or coated
(double), dimmed, reticulateil, &c..
cut and ground ; also article.** of every
description of glass, with painting,
gilding, silvering, and with patterns
engraved or etched; also with bronze
and other ornaments.
Obb.— If the bronze ornaments evidently consti-
tute the principal value of the article, it pays duty
asanch.
22 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 10 ko-
pecks i>er pood.
85 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 10 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 75 ko-
pecks per pood.
4 roublea 40 ko-
pecks per pood.
8 ronbles 80 ko-
pecks per pood.
17 roubles 00 ko-
pecks p^ pood.
55 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
4 roubles 40 ko-
pecks per pood.
8 roubles 80 ko-
pecks per pood.
English eqnivalenta.
2a. 2d. per cwt.
10*. Otf. per owt
8». id. per owt.
lOt. Od. per cwt
Jtl It. per cwt.
£2 U. Id. p«t owt
£4 8t. 2d. per owt.
£8 12§. per cwt
5«. 5d. per owt..
llt.Otf. perowt
£1 If. 8d. per owt.
£2 3a. per owt.
£4 8t. per cwt.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
247
Pabt L — Import liitMet— CoDtinned.
-a
&4
ArtlelM.
XI.— Stokewabb, PoiTEBT, &c.— Contlxiiied.
158 Mirron and plates fot mirrors :
Of A snperflois*—
Up to 100 square rershoks
From 101 to 200 square vershoks
From 201 to 900 square vershoks
From 901 to 400 sqiiAre vershoks
From 401 to 500 sqaore Tershoks
From 501 to 601) sqnare rershoks
From 601 to 800 square vershoks
From 801 to 1,200 square vershoks
Above 1,200 square vershoks
Obs. 1.— Mirrors aod glass plates for mirrors,
broken in transit, pay duty separatelv on each piece
measuring moro than 25 square vershoks, calculat-
ing the superficies by the largest regular quad-
rangle that could bo cut out of the piece. Broken
pieces of not more than 25 square vershoks are ad-
mitted fi-ee.
0b8. 2. — Mirror glasses, ground, without tenal-
gam, pay duty according to the above scale for mir-
rors, with a reduction of 80 per cent, on the duty.
Mirror glass, not ground, is admitted ninder § 157,
Article 2.
0b8. 9.— Mirror firames pay under § 181, Obs. 2.
Xn.— Mbtals, Wbouoht.
150 6old« silver, and platinum:
1. Goldarticlesof every description, gold Jewelry
without stones, as well as with stones
of every kind, real and imitation,
S earls, Sec.
silver gilt articles of every kind,
silver jewelry work, with or without
gilding, with stones, i>earls, &c.
8. Platinum — articles of every kind
4. Lace work of goM, silver, or tinsel ; gold and
silver drawn and spun, spangles, and
other ornaments, also ribbon of gold
and silver.
5. Gold and silver le;)f, Aofile and double, in
books, toj:etbcr with welpht of books.
160 Manufactures of bronze, plated silver, and of various
alloys of copper :
1. Articles of bronze and other alloys of copper
(except brass), lacquered or not, entire
or in parts, weigbing more than 1
pound each.
2. Articles of bronze and other allovs of copper
(except brass), oxidized, gilt or sil-
vered; all articles of base metals,
gilt or ^ilvered, weigbing mora than
1 pound each ; and plated silver of
every kind.
8. Articles of bronze and other alloys of copper
(except brass) ; also of common metals,
rilt and silvered, weighing less than
pound each.
iin IfannfJMtares of com>er and brass (except those
specially mentioned, see §§ 108, 175),
as well as all domestic utensils of
copper and brass, in combination
witn wood, iron, tin plate, leather, Sec.
Rnaslan.
6 kopecks per
pound.
f kopeck per ver-
shok.
1 kopeck per ver-
shok.
1^ kopeck per ver-
shok.
2 kopecks perver-
shok.
2^ kopecks per
versDok.
2} kopecks per
versnok.
2| kopeks per
versnok.
88 roubles per piece
36 roubles 80 ko-
pecks per pound.
2 roubles 42 ko-
pecks per pound.
18 roubles 15 ko-
pe<^ks per pound.
6 roubles perpound
1 rouble 20 ko-
pecks per pound.
13 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
22 roubles per pood
44 roubles per pood
3 roubles 80 ko-
pecks per pood.
English equivalent!.
2^ per pound.
. 162(1. per inch.
. 217d. per inch.
. 825d. per inch.
. 484d. per inch.
. 488d. pet inch.
. 542dL per inch.
. S07d. per inch.
£5U.ikLpn piece.
£6 It. per poimd.
Si. 6d. per iMund.
£Z 3a. fid. per pound.
£1 1«. per pound.
4*. ^d, per pound.
M Qt. 3d, i>er owt.
£10 16t. 2d. per cwt.
£21 12t. id. per owt.
£1 12f. 5d. per owt.
248
TARIFFS OF THK SEVERAL COUNTRIEa
Part I. — Import duUeB — Con tinned.
182
168
184
186
186
187
168
160
170
Xn.— Metalb, WBOUOHT-'CoDtinQed.
CMt-tron work:
L Iron OMtings without any finish, tnoh as fire
bars, plates, pipes, beams, pillars, and
oast iron appartenanoes for railways.
2. All ntensils of cast iron, enameled
8. Artioles of cast iron, tamed, polished, filed,
bronsed, or ornamented with other
metals, or not ornamented, or with
parts of wood, bronae, Sm.
Obs.— Under article 8 of this ^ is incloded every
kind of work in malleable iron.
Iron and ateel smith's work, wronght or oast, filed
or not filed along the edges or rin^
but not finished off or polished, snoh
as anchors, nails, hooks, bells, mor*
tars, and all appurtenances for rail-
ways and their rolling-stock.
Iron and ateel work in boiler-making ; boilers, res-
ervoirs, cisterns, boxes, bridges,
pipes, and all work in sheet iron ana
steel except that mentioned specially
in 6 96 and § 168.
Iron and ateel articles (except those specially men-
tioned), tomed, polishea, filed, fitted
bronzed, or worked with parts and
omunents of wood, copper and
bronse, or without these, if the
weight or piece is —
Over 5 pounds (Ross) * —
Under 0 pounds (Russ)
a.
b.
Mannflictures of tin :
1. All tin articles, or articles of sheet iron, en-
ameleU, tinned, covered with sine or
other common metal (see § 164).
2. The above articles covered with gilding, paint-
ing, and other ornaments.
Wire:
1. Steel or iron, of ^inch diameter or less ■
2. Copper, brass, and wire of all metallio alloys,
less than h inch In diameter, tinnedor
not tinned, covered with sine (galvan-
ised), or with other metals (except
there in § 168) , wire nails, pegs for
pianofortefi. and metullio wires, to-
gether with the weight of the reels
on which they are wound ; also wire-
rigging and submarine wire cable.
Manufkotores of wire, and wire covered with osout-
chouc, cotton, silk, or other thread:
frames for umbrelhis or parasols, ana
bird-cages of wire:
1. Ironand steel ■
2. Copper or brass.
Needles of steel and iron :
1. Sewing and all other needles, except those
named below.
2. Knitting, packing, and threading, saddlers*,
and for harness and sail-makera.
Cntlexy:
L Set in common materials, also scissors, t weeaers,
shears, and knife-blades, except sheepi>
shears, flttished and not finished.
2. Set in plated silver and other metallic compo-
sitions, in ivory and bone, in tortoise-
shell, mother-of-pearl, and in common
materials, but with omunents of
bronze, gold, silver, ivory, bone, tor-
toise-shell, and mother-ot-pearL
8. Peasants' pocket-knives, set in metals or in
other cheap materials.
Obs.— Cutlery, set in gold, silver, or platinnm,
X»ay8 under ^ 159.
66 kopecks
pood.
per
88
kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 10 ko-
pecks per pood.
88 kopeoks per
pood.
1 rouble 10 ko-
pecks per pood.
...do
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 75 ko-
pecks per pood.
5 roubles 50 ko-
pecks per pood.
1 rouble 10 ko-
pecks per pood.
1 rouble 6d ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 75 ko-
pecks per pood.
8 roubles 80 ko-
pecks per pood.
55 kopecks per
pound.
80 kopeoks per
pound.
18 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
26 roubles 40 ko-
peoks per pood.
6 roubles 60 ko-
X>eck8 per pood.
Kngliah egniratonta^
Si. 5d. per owt.
8f.5d.per owt.
lOc OdL per owl.
8«. Sd;. per owt.
10*. Od. per owt.
Da
£1 U. 7d. per cwt.
£1 7a. per cwt.
£2 14«. IcL per owt.
10«. Od. per owt»
16t. 2d. per cwt.
£1 7«. per cwt
£112t.5d.perewl
U. lid. per pound,
la. per ponnd.
£8 Oc 8d. i>er owt
£1219t.8d.perowt
£8 5i. per owt.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COnKTRIRS.
24^
Part I. — Import dut(e$ — Contioned.
a
!l
171
172
178
174
176
170
177
178
170
180
Articles.
XH.— liVTALA, WBOUOHT-Continned.
Swords, daggers, sword-blades and other blades for
side-arms ; flro-arms (air-guns are pro-
hibited) and all apporlenances.
0b8.— Fire arms imported in boxes and cases with
fittings pay dnty inclasive of weight of these.
Scythes and sickles of every kincT, knives for chaff-
catters, mowers, sheep-tthears, spades,
shovels, rakes, piok-azts, and pitch-
forks.
Tools used in the arts, trades, fnctorios, mills, and
works of all kinds.
Type for pxlnters,' maoices for casUng type, metallic
and wooden blocks, and ail forms for
typographies.
Machinery and apparatus ; also models (except ag-
ricoitiiral, see § 85) :
1. Copper or brass machinery or apparatus ; also
copi>er or brass parts and fittings of
every khid of machinery.
2. Portable engmes, tenders, steam fire-engines
ana other appliaoces against fire; also
all manufacturing machinery and ap-
paratus (not specially mentioned) of
cast or wrougnt iron or steeL with
X»arts made of other materials or with
out such parts.
8. Looomotives
wDoplicate parts of machinery and apparatus,
Iso inaispensable fittings thereof imported to-
0B8.
and also
S ether with tbem, are admitted at same rates of
uty. Those parts imported separately pay duly
according to the paragraphs deaung with them.
Articles of tin, kidc, or Brittania metal :
1. Unpolished and not painted
2. Polished and painted
Lead, worked, except articles specially mentioned
(§ 101), shot and articles of type-metal
(composition of lead and antimony).
White and yellow tinsel in books, together with the
weight of the books, and foil of every
kind.
XUL—MAKUFACTUBxa OP Wood, Ikdia Subbeb,
Pafbb akd Stbaw.
Corkwood, worked, such as corks, bungs, &o
Joiners and turners* work :
1. Of common wood, not varnished, not polished,
and without applications or veneer,
including bird cages of wood and
wooden pegs for boots.
Obb. — Small turned articles of wood weighing less
than one pound each pay under Article 2 of this
section.
2. The same polished, varnished, with applica-
tions or veneer, gilt, silvered, or with
gilt or silvered ornaments.
CBS.— Furniture, dutiable under Articles 1 and 2
of this section, covered with leather or any woven
material, pays 25 per cent nbove the duties named.
8. The same, with ornaments of bronze and other
materials, with incrustations of wood,
copper, steel, mother-of-pearl, ivory,
tortoise-shell, &.C., excepting articles
weighing less than 3 pounds, which
are admitted under section 227.
QMS. 0B8.— Handles, rings, legs, rollers, &c., are
not considered as bronze ornaments.
Bostian.
20 roubles per pood
66 kopecks per
> Kopeo
pood.
88 kopeoks per
pood.
88 kopeoks per
pood.
1 rouble 66 ko-
pecks per pood.
00 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 40 ko-
pecks per pood.
1 rouble 10 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 7o ko-
pecks per pood.
88 kopecks per
pood.
17 kopeoks per
pound.
2 roables 20 ko-
pecks pood.
80 kopecks per
pood.
1 rouble 20 ko-
I>ecks per pood.
0 roubles 60 ko-
pecks per pood.
English eqnivalenta..
£016t.6d.perowt.
U, 5d. per cwt
S». 6d. per owl
8f . 8d. per owt.
16t. Id. per owt.
8§. lOd. per owt.
ISt. 8d. per owl.
lOt. Od. per owt..
£1 7«. per owl
8s. 6d. per owl.
7d. per pound.
£1 U. 7d. per owi.
2t. lid. per cwt.
lU. Od per cwt^
£Z 6«. per owt.
\
250
TAKirPS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Pabt I. — Import duties— Continned,
iSl
182
183
184
185
186
Articles.
XIII.— Hakufacturss of Wood, &c.— Continued.
Carving in wood of all kinda, including frames, with-
out mirrora or pictures.
Ob8. 1. — The aome duty ia levied on artlclea of
felt, oakum, papier-mach6 and carton-pieire, having
the appearance of carvors' or turnen' work in wood
(similar work, not painted or polished, cleared by
§ 183, Article 7.
Ob0. 2. — Frames, with mirrors and pictures, if such
cannot be weighed separately, nay 22 kopecks per
arshin, reckoning part of an ai-snin as a whole one.
India rubber, or caoutchouc, and gUtta percha,
worked :
1. Articles of India rubber ond gutta percha
without admixture of other materials.
2. The same, with admixture of other materials,
except those below mentioned.
3. Tisanes of India rubber thread, covered with
other materials; manufactures of
such tissues, and all ready-made
clothes of Ind^a rubber.
4. Boots and shoes of India rubber and of gutta-
percha, whether in combination or
not with leather, See,
Paper:
jL Unsized of every kind, white snd colored, with-
out ornament s ; also if ruled for music,
and paper fur embroidery, without
patterns ; i nd card-board, glazed.
2. Sized paper of every kind, white and colored,
without omamentH; also paper and
transparent cotton tissues for tracing.
8. Paper-hangings, and borders for the same . .
4. Paper for writing and piintinff of every kind,
with ornaments, such as gilding, sil-
vering, embossed, borders, crests,
cyphers, pictures, &g. ; also envel-
opes, lamp-shades (paper), and arti-
ficial flowers.
6. Paper for cigarettes, tissue psper ; also paper
with omamenfi^ and drawings for
printers, booh-brndern, nnil confec-
tioners* work; sheets with pictures
fur toys; paper fur embroidery with
patterns, colored and not colured.
6. Office an(i copying-books, bound or not, and all
kind's of bookbinder's work, except
such as come under § 227.
7. Pasteboard, in sheets and roils (except that
mentioned in Articles 1 and 8 of this
section), paper bobbins for winding
silk, osphult for roofing, paper covered
with tar on one side, and lur destruc-
tion of insects ; also articles of pupicr-
mach6 and carton-pierre, not polished
nor painted.
8. Wood pulp, prensed in sheets, net worlled,
papier-macbd aud carton-pierre, not
worked.
Ob8. — Articles of papier-mach6 and carton-pierre,
lacquered and polisned, pay under §181; but when
ornamented with various materials, under § 227.
AH articles of straw or of wood-shavings (chip),
mixed or not with horse-hair, silk,
cotton, flax, or hemp (except hats of
straw or of shavings, § 223).
Xnr.— Makufacturks of Haiu, Leatbkr, Etc.
Human hair, worked
Horse-hair and bristles, worked ; all tissues of horse-
hair, sieves of hor»-e-hair, articles in
bristles set in wood, without veneer,
brushes of bristles, and paint-brushes.
Ob8.— Shaving-brushes and all articles in bristles,
set in various other materials, pay under § 227.
Russian.
4 roables 16 ko-
pecks per pood.
3 roubles 65 ko-
pecks per pood.
6 roubles 6U ko-
pecks per pood.
24 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
11 roubles per pood
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
3 roubles 80 ko-
pecks per pood.
5 roubles per pood.
8 roubles 80 ko-
pecks per pood.
6 roubles CO ko-
pecks per pood.
12 roubles 10 ko-
pecks per pood.
50 kopecks i>er
pood.
22 kopecks per
pood.
88 kopecks per
pound.
66 kopecks per
pound.
2 roubles 44 ko-
pecks per pood.
English equivalsBtB.
Jtl 16s. lUL per cwt.
£1 12«. 9d, per ewt.
£8 6cpercwt.
£1117«.9(Lper«wt
£6 7«. 9d. per owt.
£1 It, Id. per ewt.
£1 I2t. 6cL per owt.
£2 ld«. 2d. per owt.
£4 6t. per owt.
£8 6*. per owt.
£5 18i. Sd. per owt.
4«ll<Lpercwt.
2m. 2cL per owt.
3«. Id per pound.
2t. 3d. per pound.
£14t.perowt.
TARIFFS OF TUB SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
251
Part I. — Import dvHet^Coniinm d.
U
187
188
180
190
191
192
193
194
196
196
197
196
Articles.
XIY.— Kahufactubes of Haib, dec— Continoed.
Leather goods:
1. Boots and shoes of every kind, except of caoat-
choac, and except ladies' shoes of
silk tissues.
2. Ladies' boots and shoes of silk tissues, ready>
made or partly finished.
3. Glomes of leather of all kinds (except fencing-
gloves, see bolow), and all articles of
chamois leathcrand kid, except boots,
shoes, or snrsical appliances (§233).
Ob0. — Oloves, cat out bni not stitched, pay half
dntT.
4. Harness and appurtenances; saddlery, port-
manteaux, traveling bags, aiiicles of
leather used by spottsmen, nnd soch
like articles: ooxing-gloves, books,
and portfolios of leather; and gene*
rally all manufactures of leather not
specially mentioned.
XY.— Maxufactures, Wovkn, Plaitbd, axd
KHITTED.
Cables, rope, and twine of hemp, flox, tow, New Zea-
land flax, and otner fibers, tamsd and
not tarred ; also flsbiug nets.
Ob8. — Bope, twine, dec, with a<lmncture of silk,
wool, silk- waste, or cotton, pays as galloons, braids.
Sec., according to material.
Linen and batiste :
1. Linen, coarse and bleached, hempen and flaxen,
either pureormixed with cotton, with
the oxception of specially not(>d.
2. Batiste and lawn, pure or mixed with cotton . .
0b8. — Linen and batiste, dyed, prints, strip<^ linen,
and pocket-handkerchiefs uf linen or batiste, pay
the same duty, with addition of 20 per cent. All ker-
chieft with ornaments sewn on, or printed, or with
lace sewn round, pay duty under § 219, Article 2.
Flax and hemp tissaen, twilled or with woven pat-
terns, mixed or not mixed with cotton,
such as table-linen and towels of every
description.
Drills of every kind
Sail-cloth, ticking for bedding and for f arniturc, car-
pet t-extures of flax nnd hempen tis-
sues, mixed or not mixed with cotton.
Flax and hemp knitted and plnited goods (hosiery),
except galloon and braids (213), but-
tons (22U), not (214), and lace (215).
Wax and oil-cloth of every kind (except of silk 200)
and manuincturcH of the same: also
canvas with prepared ground for
E aiming, hemp hose for nie en^^ines,
empen buckets, and tarpaulin.
Bags of Jute or linen and other coarse maU^i ial for
bags and packing.
0b8. — Matting, stair-matting, &c., of hemp, Jute,
or manilla, See, come under thi.'t heading, but pay
50 per cent, more duty, i. e.,3 roubles.
Stuffs, scarfi, shawls, handkerchiefs, and ribbons of
pure silk, as well as of silk waste,
without admixture of cotton, wool, or
such like materials, including fou-
lards, plain, dyed in the warp ; velvet,
plush, chenilla of pure or mixed silk,
and ribbons of the same; also silk
gauze for selves.
Foulards, printed in the cloth, in pieces or as hand-
kerchiefs.
Stuffs, scarfs, shawls,ribbon8. dec, of mixed silk (with
warp or woof of any other material)
as well as of bourre de sole with mix*
tore of cotton, Bax, bemp, &c.
Bossian.
English equivalents.
80 kopecks per
pound.
1 rouble 20 ko-
pecks per pound.
2 roubles 44 ko-
pecks per pound.
45 kppecks' i>er
pound.
44 kopecks per
pood.
70 kopecks per
pound.
1 rouble 50 ko-
peeks per poOnd.
70 kopecks per
pound.
50 kopecks per
pound.
17 kopeck:* per
pound.
55 kopecks per
pound.
12 kopecks per
pound.
2 roubles per pood.
5 roubles 50 ko-
pecks per pound
3 roubles 30 ko-
pecks per pound.
2 roubles 44 ko-
pecks per pound.
2s. Id. per pound.
4t. 2d. per pound.
Si. Id, per pound.
U. Id, per pound.
ia. id. per owt.
2a. Od. per pound.
5«. M. per ponnd.
2t. M. per iMund.
U. 9d. per XMund.
Id. per pound.
5i. 5d. per pound.
5d. per pound.
19*. 8d per cwt.
19». id. per pound.
ll«.Od.periM>und.
Si. Od. per pound.
\
252
TARIFFS OF THE SEVBRAL COUNTBIES.
Part I. — Impart duHe9 — Continaed.
190
206
201
203
204
205
206
207
208
200
210
211
Articles.
XV.— Hahufactubu, Wovxk, &c.— Continued.
C^alloon Mid gimp trimmings of nnre or mixed silk ;
mannfkotnres of nlk, knitted or plsit-
ed ; Btookings (boiserv), with or with*
oat admixtare of other ntaffs, or of
bagles and beads, with the exception
of battons (220) of net (214), and of
lace (215) ; also silk canvas.
Wax and oil cloth of silk
Woolen blankets and horse-cloths
Woolen stnib of combed wool or goat's hair, plain,
woTcn of varions colors and (moroid-
ered, with or without admixtare of
cotton, except those speciall^^ men-
tioned in § 2()1 and §6 204-207.
The same printed, pay duty under $ 202, with 30 per
cent additionaL
OXN. Ob8- to §§ 202 and 203.
1. UnmiUed staffs of combed wool or goat's hair,
having a woof or warp of silk or silk
waste, pay as silk goo<ls ; but if the
admixture of silk consists only of pat-
terns or stripes woven in, or embroid-
ered, such goods pay 20 per cent in
addition to the duty in § 202 and § 203.
2. Handkerchiefs, scarfs, counterpanes, plaids,
drc, of unmilled toxtoresof combed
wool or goat's hair, except those spe-
cially mentioned in 6 205, pay the same
duty as the material of which they are
made.
Bunting, white woolen st-uffs for m tiler's sieves, and
satthes of wool of every kind, withoat
admixture of silk.
Shawls handkerchiois, sashes, and scarfs, Turkish or
cashmere, also French teino and half
temo, as well as detached borders,
edges, and other similar stuffs, of pure
wool, or mixed with cotton, silk, or
bourre de suie.
Unmilled woolen stufiJs for use in manufactories,
bags for oil-pressing, for sugar bakers,
&c. ; cloths of peculiar make for fac-
tories, (loth list aud all kinds of felt,
not dyed, dyed and printed.
Woolen carpets of every kind
Feses or Turkish caps of wool, embroidered or not
with spangles.
Woolen galloon o^ braid, plaited and knitted goods
of every kind (hosiery) ; gloves, stock-
ings, tapes, and ribbons of pure wool
or mixed with hemp, flax or cotton,
excepting buttons (§ 22U) and lace
(§ 216).
Obs.— Galloon, braid, and hosiery of wool contain-
ing a mixture of silk in the form of ornaments pay
20 per cent, in addition to the duty under the pres-
ent section.
Cotton tissues, gray, bleached, dyed (except those
dyed Turkey red) and woven, of vari-
ous colors :
1. Having np to 8 sauare arshins to a poand (0,272
square inches).
2. Qaving 8 to 12 square arshins to a pound (6,272-
0.408 square iuQhes).
8. Having 12 to 16 square arshins to a pound (0,408-
12,554 square inches). ^
4. Having more than 16 square arshins to a pound
(12.514 square inches.)
The same, printed or dyed Turkey red :
1. Having up to 8 square arshins to a i)ound (6,272
square inches).
2. Having 8 to 12 square arshins to a pound (6,272-
9,400 square inches.)
Bnasian.
1 rouble 10 kopecks
per pound.
...do
44 kopecks per
pound.
00 kopecks per
poond.
26 kopecks per
pound.
3 roables SO ko-
pecks per pound.
TCngUsh egnimlcntn.
8f. lOd. per pound.
Bo.
It. Od. per poond.
8t. 2d. per poond.
lid. per pound.
lU. 6d. per poand.
11 kopecks per 4d. per pound,
pound.
36 kopecks per
pound.
2 roubles per dozen
56 kopecks per
pound.
31 kopecks per
pound.
42 kopecks per
poand.
55 kopecks per
potmd.
1 rouble 20 kopecks
pound.
55 kopecks per
per pound.
66 kopecks per.
pound.
U. Zd, per pound.
7«. per dosen.
It. lid. per p nnd.
It. Id. per poond.
1«. 6d. per poond.
It. lid. per pound.
4«. 2d. per poond.
It. lid. per pound.
2t. 3d, 'per pound.
TABIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL C0UNTBIE8.
253
Part I.— Imparl duiicB — Con tinned.
^12
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
XV.— Makufactubes, Woven, dcc—Continofid.
Cotton tissaea. printed or dyed Turkey red — Cont*d.
3. Having 12-16 square arshins to a pound (9,408-
12,544 sqnare inches).
4. Having more than 16 arshins to a pound (12,544
sqnare inches).
Ob8 — Cotton tissues of every kind with orna-
ments of straw, gold, silver, tinsel, or other material,
and if cat ont tor ladies* drosses (coupons de robes),
pay under Article 4 of this §.
Cotton velvet, plush, and plush ribbons ,
Cotton galloon, or braid and plaited or knitted goods
of every kind (hosiery), chenilla, and
chenUla goods ; cotton canvas, with>
out embroidery commenced on it,
with exception of buttons (§ 220), of
net (214) and of laoe (215).
Obb.— Galloon work of flax or hemp pays duty un-
der thia xtaraeraph.
Tulle (net) or every kind :
L For fomiture (antigrasor antimacassars), with
patterns woven in or embroidered,
and curtains of net or muslin.
2. TuUe (net) of every kind, except that above
mentioned, in the piece, plain and fig-
ured with patterns (woven in or em-
broidered), for ladies' dresses.
Leoe <of every kind, of cotton, flax, hemp, wool, or
silk (blonde).
Pure oottOD textures. Turkish, such as borla, kin*
diak, basma, kumatch, charshaw,
chember, and other coarse cotton
stofb, as'well aa Turkish towels and
aashes.chember handkerchief, pashte-
mjli and manidj ala^a, common, and
articles made of such stuffs.
Cotton textures mixed with silk, such as sham,
aladja, munidj aladja, with mixture
of silk, gh6z6, gherroesind, kutnia
sashes, and pashtemali, half or whole
silk ; also articles of these stufb of
Turkish origin.
Cotton and half-silk goods of Turkish origin, iuter-
woven with gold, silver, ortnisel, with
Asiatic pattei-ns.
0b8.— §{^ 216-218. These duties are when im-
ported by ports of Black and Azoff Seae. All other
cotton, sOk, or mixed goods of Turkish origin, not
specially named; also testcmal muslin, printed
handkerchiefs, pay the same duty as goods of Euro-
pean origin.
XVI.— Varicub Manufactubks.
Beady-made clothing:
L All ready-macie clothing, except that men-
tioned below and in $$ 189 and 190.
2. Clothing of linen and batiste, and all kinds
with lace sewn round or upon ; also
all embroideries (except ^hand-made
lace, $ 215).
8. Men's clothing, except such as is of velvet,
velveteen, or other silk and half-silk
textures.
4. Dreaaea of cloth or woolen atufb, with fit*
thags or quite plain.
6. Clothing of all descriptions, of velvet, velvet-
een, and silk or mixed stufla, with or
without parts eewn on of other mate-
rials; also all clothing of which the
principal pait is woven texture.
0. Dreaaea and other reminine attire (except those
mentioned above), without ornaments,
such as are noted below.
7. The same, with ornaments bf ribbona. velvet,
dlk cords, &.C., feathers, /or, em-
hroidery, and laoe.
88 kopeoka per
pound.
1 rouble 82 ko-
pecks per pound.
50 kopecks per
pound.
40 kopecks per
pound.
45 kopeoka per
pound.
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pound.
8 roubles 80 ko-
pecks per pound.
6 kopecks per
pound.
06 kopecks per
pound.
1 rouble 65 ko-
pecka per pound.
1 rouble 50 ko-
pecks per pound.
2 roubles per pound
1 rouble 80 ko-
pecks per pound.
2 roubles perpound
7 roubles per pound
2 roubles 25 ko-
]>eoka per pound.
8 roubles 50 ko-
pecks perpound.
English equivalenta.
8«.11<L per pound.
4f . 6d. i»er pound.
If. 9cl. per pound.
\m. 5<i. per pound.
It, Id. per pound.
79. 9d. per pound.
1«. Id. per pound.
2d. per pound.
2f . tyu P^f pound.
6t. 9d. per pound.
\
5«. 8d. per pound.
7«. per pound.
it. 6d. per pound.
It, per pound.
£1 it. 6d. per pound.
7«. lid. per pound.
254
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Part I. — Import daiies — Continued.
210
220
221
222
223
224
226
Articles.
XYL— Yabious MAKUFACTURsa— Continaed.
Ready-made clothing — Continued.
8. Women's hats and other head-dresses, with
ornaments of ribbons, flowers, feath-
ers, &.C.
Obs. 1.— Fnr sawn up, or fur clothing, not cov-
ered with cloth, Sec, pay duty nndei § 85, according
to the kind of fur, with the addition of 50 per cent,
to the duty. Fur clotbinj;, coveiisd with some cloth
or other, also fur caps, pay duty thus : Men's caps,
ooTered with cloth, under* Article 3 of this section,
and women's hats, under Article 4 ; if covered with
velvet, silk, &.C., under Article 5 : with a deductiim
of 50 per cent, off /soods under lliis last article.
0b8. 2.— Counterpanes, curtains, blinds, and such
like, hemmed and quilted, pay duty on the principal
material used in the making.
Buttons :
1. Of bron7.e or metal, excepting gold, silver, or
platinum (j 159).
2. Of flax, cotton, wool, or silk of every kind —
8. Of porcelain, glass, mother of pearl, wood,
bone, and all other buttons.
Ostrich feathers, marabout feathers,feathen of birds
of paradise, military plumes, plumes
of every kind for hats for men and
women (bonnets), and artificial flow-
era, excepting ofpaper (183, Article 4),
or of leather (187, Article 4), together
with the weight of the pasteboard
boxes.
Ob8. — The component parts of artificial flowers,
not put together, pav hair the above rate.
Bugles and beads of glass or metal :
1. On strings and not worked up
2. In articles of various kinds and set .
Hats (bonnets) and caps :
L fiats of down, hslf down, silk, or felt
2. Hats (bonnets), of leather, lacquered, of wood
chip, of wood bark, common and white
(rice straw), of printed pasteboard, in
imitation of Italian straw, of cotton
and hemp tape, of the fiber of the palm
tree, and such like vegetable sub-
stances ; except hats of fUraw mixed
ornot mixed with silk or other yam,
without ribbons, feathers, or flowers.
3. Hats and bonnr ts of straw, not trimmed, with-
out ribbons, feathers, or flowers.
Ob8. — Hats and bonnets of straw and of any other
material, when trimmed with ribbons, feathers, or
flow6rs, pay under § 219, Article 8.
4^ Caps of every kind without fur. (Caps with
fur pny under 5 I'lO.)
6. Common peasants' hats (of felted lamb's wool)
and caps, trimmed, or not, with lamb-
skin ; imported overland.
Umbrellas and parasolR, and walking-sticks with
umbrellas :
L Hen's umbrellas, covpred with silk, and ladies'
umbrellas of8ilk,doul>le( with lining).
2. Mep's umbrella** covered with woolen stufTs
and ladies' umbrellas of silk without
lining, and of wool.
3. All other umbrelhis and parasols, except the
above mentioned, covered or not.
Cosmetics:
L Aromatic spirituous watt^rs: eau de cologne,
eau deA Alpes, Hungary water, and
eau de Melisse.
2. Scents, toilet vinegar, and perfumed waters of
every kind, except those gientioucd
above and in § 150 ; also pomatum of
every kind.
Bnasian.
15 roubles per
pound.
55 kopecks per
pound.
33 kopecks per
pound.
17 kopecks per
pound.
6 roubles 60- ko>
pecks per pound.
English equlTalents.
£2 12*. 6d. perponnd.
U. lid, per pound.
1«. per i>oimd.
7d» per pound.
£1 8«. Id. per pound.
1 rouble 80 ko-
pecks per pood.
37 kopecks per
pound.
«
1 rouble per piece.
1 rouble 4S ko-
pecks perponnd.
3 roubles 65 ko-
pecks pe r pound.
40 kopecks per
piece.
17 kopecks per
piece.
I rouble 65 ko-
pecks per piece.
66 kopecks per
piece.
33 kopecks per
piece.
II roubles per
IKM>d.
33 roubles per
pooil.
17«. Id. per owl.
If. 8d. per pound.
Za. 2d. per piece.
St. Id. per pound.
12s. lOd. per pounds
iM. 3d. per piece.
6|d. per piece.
St. Zd. per piece..
2t. Id. per piece.
It. Id. per piece^
£5 8t. per cwt.
£162t.6d.percwt.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVESAL COUNTRIES.
255
Part I. — Impart duties — Continaed.
225
227
228
229
230
231
Articles.
XVI.— Yabious Haxufactubkb— GoDtinaed.
Cosmetics — Continued.
8. Whitening, roage, fkce-powder, fbmigating
SBStUs and compositions, tooth pow-
er, sachels of every kind, oil cos-
metics and perfomery not specially
mentioned, together with weight of
boxes and of packing.
Obs. — Cosmetics imported under this scctitm in
vessels of cnt glass or porcelain, with gilding, paint-
ing, metallic stoppers or fastenincs, and such like
ornaments, pay outy inclusive of the weight of such
vessels.
Soap:
1. Scented (cosmetic), either in liquid or solid
slate, or in powder.
2. Of every kind, except the above
Small wares for the toilet, for stands (what-nots),
ornaments for the table, or for walls,
of various materials, having an inde-
pendent use or applicAtioD, and not
specially mentionea :
1. Valuable, composed partly of aluminium,
mother of x>eail, coral, tortoise-shell,
ivory, enamel, porcelain, amber, ana
such other valuable materials, as well
as of bronse. of orilt or silver-plated
metals, and metallic nllovs.
2. Common, of horn and lone; likewise of every
material with parts, settings, or orna-
ments of common metals and alloys,
of horn, bono, word, common stones,
glass, meer8( banm, whalebone. Jet,
and similur cheap sobstances.
Ob0. 1. — Articles of which gold, silver, orplatinam
evidently forms tho principal value pay the doty on
manufactures of gola and silver.
Obs. 2. — Wooden articles with ornaments of bronze
and incrustations, weighing more than three pounds
each, pay under {^ 180, Aiticlo 3; those weighing
under three pounds pay under Articles 1 and 2 of
this section, acconling to tlio mntt^ials tbat consti-
tute the principal value ef the ornaments or incrus-
tations.
0b8. 8. — The coses in which the above articles are
imported pay according to the material they are
made of.
Children's toys of every kind, children's cards with
the letters of the alphabet*. 6cc.
Appurtenances of tho writin;^ taule aifd mutoriols
for drawing and painting not other-
wise mentioned, Hoch OS pencils, pens
(inclading metallic pens), penhold-
ers, wafers, pencil-cutters, &o., to-
{ [Other with tuo weight of the boxes
n which they are imported.
Obs.— Gold and silver pencil cases, &.o., pay under
§159.
Coral, real, of one piece, and also coral in the moss,
pierced, on strings, in chaplets and
cut. but not set in precious metals or
other materials.
Balance (weights and scales) of all kinds, with
flttin(>:s.
Obs.— Decimal balances, with fittings, weighing
more than 3 poods each pay as machinery under ^
175, Article 2.
Musical instruments :
1. Pianofortes and organs not portable :
a. Clavicorde and cottage pianos (except
royals), pianinos and organs not poit-
able, except church.
b, KoyaJs and church organs
Bussion.
18 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
6 roubles per pood,
gross.
1 rouble 50 ko-
pecks per pood.
1 rouble 20 ko-
pecks per pound.
87 kopecks psr
pound.
. . ..do
33 kopecks per
pood.
3 roubles 80 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 20 ko-
pecks per pood.
66 roubles per
piece.
110 roubles per
piece.
EngUsh equivalents.
iM9t.8diperowt.
£2 10s. per owt.
gross.
Us. Bd, per owl
4«. 2d. per pound*
U. 8d. per pound.
Do.
2t. Id. per owt.
11m. 6d i>er owt.
£1 U. Id, per owt.
£10 Of. per piece.
£17 6s. 4d. per piece.
256
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Part I. — Impart dtfUea—CoDtinned.
Artides.
Bascian.
Bn^sh equiTBleiits.
232
283
384
XVL— Vabioub Manufactubu— Continued.
Mndcal inatmmenta— Continued.
2. Oidinary organs, hannoninms, positives, and
harps.
8. All musical instruments not specially men-
tioned and appurtenances to musical
instruments, imported separately,
such as bows, strings of gut and of
silk (metallic strings, § 187), keys and
hammers (pe^ for pianos, § 167), met-
ronomes, tuning-forks, &c.
Ob8. — ^Duty on musical instruments is taken with
the weight of caAes in which they are p.acked.
Instmments, mathematical, drawing, and all physi-
cal, chemicflkl, and sursical instru-
ments, geographical globes, mano-
meters, water-meters, gas-meters,
water-gauges, photographic appara-
tus, spectacles, eye-glasses, telescopes
and opera-classes set in common ma-
terials, Jomtly with the weight of
cases, boxes, pocket-cases, dec., in
which they are imported.
Obs. — Spectacles, &c., set in gold, silver, or plati-
nnm pay under $ 159. and when set in mother-of-pearl,
tortoise-shell, ivory, and other costly materials, and
if ornamented with enamel, gilding, or silver, under
6227, Article 1.
Watchmaker's goods:
1. Works of watches and of clocks for the wall.
for mantelpieces, for trayelers, ana
for the table, without cases, or sepa-
rately from their cases.
One. — The outer cases pay according to the mate-
rial of which they are made, and it' the internal
works cannot be separated from the casM, such
watches and clocks pay, inclusively of tbo weight
of the cases, the duty leviable on the cases, accord-
ing to the material or which they are made.
2. Watches and chronometers, gold and gilted . . .
8. Watches and chronometers of silver, and all
others, except of cold or gUt.
4. Wooden clocks, with wheels of brass or wood.
6. Clocks for towers
11 roubles per
piece.
17 kopecks per
pound.
6 roubles 60 ko-
pecks per pood.
75 kopecks per
piece.
285
286
6. Parte of clocks and watches not put together,
such as springs, wheels, handles,
faces, watch-keys (except gold and
silver, $ 1.59), and the parts of Caroel
lamps.
Carriages:
1. Carriages on spring, large, such as coaches,
londaus, diligence, and omnibus.
2. Light caniages on springs, such as cal^hes,
phaetons, dog-carts, cabs, d:c.
3. Spring carta for heavy work, such as yans,
waeons; alsotravelingcan-iageswith
back springs only.
4. Carriages without springs, of every kind;
small carriages for children (peram-
bulatorH) on springs.
0b8. — ^Perambulators, &.C., without springs, pay
under & 228.
5. Detached parts of the above, wheels, lamps,
&c. (except axles, springs, and other
fittings specially mentioned).
Railway cars and trucks:
1. Trucks, flat, and coal trucks, i)er axle
2. Goods vans, covered.
3. Passenger cars, third class ; also luggage vans
and i)ostal cars.
1 rouble 49 ko-
pecks.
75 kopecks per
piece.
88 kopecks per
piece.
18 roubles 15 ko-
pecks per piece.
10 kopecks per
pound.
110 roubles per
piece.
77 roubles per
piece.
83 roubles per
piece.
11 roubles per
piece.
6 roubles per i>ood .
82 roubles 50 ko-
frcks per axle,
roubles i>er
axle.
192 roubles 60 ko-
pecks per axle.
£1 14«. lOd. per pSeoet.
7«. Id. per pound.
i^ 5t. 5cL per owt.
2«.44l.perpleo6i.
U. Id. per piece.
2*. id. per piece.
1m. Id. per piece.
£2 10*. per piece.
4d. per pound.
£17 8f. id. per piece.
£12 8f. lOd. per piece.
£5 4«. 6d. per piece.
£1 14«. lOd. per piece.
£2 Bt. 2d. per cwt.
£18 lis. 8d. per axle.
£18 13«. 2d. per ule.
£25 19c. 7d. per axle.
TARIFFS OP THE SEVEEAL COUXTfilES.
257
Part I. — Import duties — Continaed.
■&1
!l
287
288
230
240
241
Articles.
XYI.— Vabious Mamufactubes— Continued.
Railway can and tmcke — Continued.
4. Paaeenger oars, aecond-claas
5. Paaaenger cars, combination, first and second
class.
8. Passenger cars, first-class
7. Tramway cars :
a. Drawn by two horses
b. Drawn by one horse
Beds and pillows staffed with feathers, down, hair,
or wool, addressed to persons who
hsTO returned from abnMuI.
Obs. — ^Beds and bedding broaght by persons from
abroad among their honsehold effects ai^ free. Ex-
cept in these two oases the importation of bedding
and pillows is prohibited.
Candles, torches, snd tai>ers of every kind
Lacifer matches of ever)' kind
Sealing-wax and red tar....
Ecclesiastical ornaments and objects, stoAi with
ecclesiastical emblems and images,
are admitted nnder their respective
paragraphs in the tariff, but only
with the permission of the supreme
aathorities of the church.
Russian.
247 roubles 60 ko-
pecks per axle.
802 roubles 60 ko-
pecks per axle.
857 roublea 60 ko-
peoks per axle.
220 roubles per
piece. ,
165 roubles per
piece.
1 rouble 20 ko-
pecks per i>ood.
2 roubles per pood.
1 rouble 8*2 ko-
pecks per pood.
2 roubles 20 ko-
peoks per i>ood.
English equivalents.
£89 8t. Od. per axle.
£47 17«. lid. per axle.
£68 12ff. Id. per axle.
£84 lOt. 8d. per pleoa.
£26 2«. 6d. per piece.
lU. Od. per cwt.
lOs. 7d. per cwt.
17«. Od. per cwt.
£1 1«. 6d. per owt.
Pabt IL-GOODS the IMPORTATION OF WHICH IS PROHIBITED.
•2 e3
^3
Description of goods.-
Duty.
B
Russian.
Engliah equivalents.
242
248
244
245
246
Russian coins, copper or silver, and all foriegn coins ]
01 low standard.
Gunpowder, ingredients for gunpowder, and all
fulminating compositions; also salt-
peter, refined.
Military stores, guns, mortars, diells, shot, d&c. . ^ .
Air-arms, acting without gunpowder; also canes,
sticks, andT pipes with dsggers,
swords, and otner concealed wea-
pons. ^
AH pl»v<"g-cards i
Prohibited.
247
248
240
250
n ■■ ^ w^ ■H^-i'va MB ..>...........>■>>••..■••........
Canceled.
Bedding and pOlows, except brought by p^ssen
gars or addressed to persons who
have returned from abroad (§287).
Fishennen*s berries or bacciB ooculli indid
Oil of bitter almonds ,.,.,,,,t.,^,-,....t. ..,.,,..-
251
Powder for clearinff wine
252
Selenit^ (for dyeing hair)
258
Spitita distilled from com, imported in oaaks
0b8.— Goods of which the importation is prohib-
ited only in certain ports of the empire, or which
are admitted nnder certain reatrietloBr and by spe-
cial permisaion, are mentioned nnder correspondmg
beads of the tariff.
1784 OONGl — A P-
17
258
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
pabt ni— expobt duties.
8
4
6
Description of goods.
BoDes of every kind, raw, burnt, or ground.
Leeches, together with the weight of the bags in
which they are exported.
Eggs of t^e silk -worm
Bags of every kind, shreds of wool, and paper pulp :
a. On the land fh>ntier and at tne port of
Uban.
h. From ports in the Baltic (except Liban)
and ports in the White Sea.
0. From ports in the Black and Azof Seas.
Calamine (or aino ore), raw, calcined, and ground —
Iron ore. (Its exportation by the custom-houses of
the Kingdom of Poland is prohibited.)
Obs.— Iron ore may be exported through the cus-
tom-houses of the Kingdom of Poland from the mines
nearest to the frontier and to foreign (not native)
iron-works, particularly in places where there is a
want of fuel, but only oy specinl permission of the
ministry of finance and on payment of a duty of 5
kopecks per mine-bucket (a local measure).
All goods except those mentioned in the above list
may be exported free of duty.
Duty.
Russian.
10 kopecks per
pood.
80 kopecks per
pound.
2 roubles per pound
30 kopecks per
pood.
45 kopecks i»er
pood.
20 kopecks per
pood.
2| kopecks per
pood.
Prohibited in Po-
land.
Engliah equivalents.
If. per owt.
2i. lOcf. per pound.
It, per pound.
2t. llicL per cwt^
4m. 5d. per cwt.
U, lllcL per owi.
8^. perowt.
List A. — Foreign prepared medioinea whkh mmy be imported and sold without reetriotionf
by ohemiaUf druggiete, and ehopkeepere genet ally ($ 151).
1. Popp's tooth elixir.
2. Anodyne necklaces, Borohell's.
3. Le Hnby's gelatine capsules for ad-
ministering medicines.
•4. Cayenne lozenges.
5. Camomile drops.
•6. Coltsfoot lozenges.
7. LeperdriePs compresses.
8. Coiirt-plaster.
^. 0*Pierre^s eaa dentifHoe.
10. Eau dentifrice of the Sooi^t^ Hygi6-
Btqne,
11. Evans' elixir dentifrice.
12. Pelletii's elixir odontalgiqne.
13. £Hsei>ce of peppermint.
14. Edwards' crystallized lemon-Juice.
15. Issne-plaster.
16. Oxley's essence of ginger.
17. Extract of bareges, for baths.
18. Gterman corn-plaster.
19. Ginger lozenges.
20. G-iiBger seeds.
522. Glass's maspesia.
23. Heckea's chest-comfits.
24. Hesry's calcined magnesia.
25. Cod-liver oil, in bottles.
26. Essence of rennet.
97. Moxoh's aperient magnesia.
27. Magnesia lozenges.
28. D'Linck and D'Lafland's extract of
malt.
29. Hub^'s extract of nutshells for dyeing
hair.
30. Pelletier's odontiue.
31. Papier Fayard and papier Blayn.
32. Papier Wiinsky.
33. Paraguay roux.'
34. Paregoric lozenges.
35. Marsh-mallow paste.
36. Jnjabe paste.
37. Licorice paste.
38. Peppermint lozenges.
39. Pastilles de Biline.
40. Pastilles d'Ems.
41. Pastilles de Vichy.
42. Pftte de Naf^ d' Arable.
43. Pftte balsamiqae de Begedeld ain^
44. Tooth-powder.
45. Belloc's powdered charcoal.
46. Bogy's purgative powder.
47. Langreniers Racahout dea Arabea.
48. Edwards' salt of lemon.
49. Seldlitz powders.
50. Soda powders.
51. Sirop de Nftt^ d' Arable.
52. Di' Suin Boutemard's tooth-paste.
) 151. — Duty, 10 roubles per pood = £4 I80. 3d. per ent.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
259
List B. ^Foreign prepared medicines which can only he imported for chemists and by doo-
tors for hospitals.
1. Apiine oajMinles.
2. Copaiva balsam oapaules.
3. Copaiva balsam and cubeb oapsnles.
4. Copavia capsuleei
5. Castor-oil capsules.
6. Cod-liver oil capsules.
7. Turpentine capsules. ^
8. Grimault & Co.^s Matico capsules.
9. Joeeau's Copahine M^ge.
10. Lalonye's oubebine balls.
11. Berat, G^lis &, Cont^'s lactate of iron
balls.
12. Colbert's essence of sarsapariUa.
13. Quevenn^'s iron.
14. Burin de Bnisson's gazeoL
15. Harleem drops.
16. Orimault &, Co.'s solution of matico
for injection.
17. Ipecacuanha lozenges.
18. Kiesow's Augsburg Essence of Life.
19. Klepperbein^s plaster for strengthen-
ing the stomach and nerves.
20. Milan blister.
21. Rigollot's sinapism papers.
22. Albespeyre's epispastio paper.
23. Aubergivr's pectoral paste.
24. Pure and starched pepsine.
25. Castorenm globules.
2(3. Chloroform slobules.
27. Digitalis globules.
28. Turpentine globules.
29. Valerian globules.
30. AsafoBtida globules.
31. Ether globules.
32. Leras' soluble phosphate of iron, or
pyrophosphate of iron and soda.
33. VaUet's pills of carbonate of iron.
34. Foumlers pills of the extract of Pan-
linia.
35. Blancard's pills of the iodide of iron.
36. Dr. Leder's scordium powder pills.
37. Dr. Leder's extract of scordium pills.
38. Orimault &, Co.'s gnarana powders.
39. BUchner's vesicating pomade
40. Fonmler's Paulinia powders.
41. Rommershausen's eye-essence.
42. Boivean-Laffecteur's rob antisypbilli-
tique.
43. Sirop d'Aubergier.
44. Grimault & Co.'s sirop de raifonl iod^.
45. Steru'H opodeldoc.
46. Sterry's poor man's plaster.
47. Albespeyre's vesicating plaster.
OBSERVATION.
In case of the importation of any new medicines, prepared or otherwise, and which,
although known, are not specified in the above list, such medicines can only be ad-
mitted by permission of the ministry of finance and medical council of the ministry
of the interior.
BXPOBT BUTIES OF BITSSIA.
BBPOBT BT MB, STANTON,
I have to acknowledge the receipt of the Department's circalar of
February 15, 1883.
In reply thereto, I beg to state that I have already, on the 30th of
August last, forwarded the information sought by the Department, and
that the export duties levied by Russia are to be found in the Kovem-
ber number (25) of Commercial Eeports for 1882, on page 209.
EDGAR STAl
tTNiTED States Consxtlatb-Obnebal,
Bt. Petersburg J March 19, 1883.
STANTON,
OonsuUOeneral.
y
260
TARIFFS OF TUE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
BusMan export duties.
[Taken Arom CooaiiUur Report No. 25. p. 209.]
pabt nL— export duties.
a^
Deeoriptloa of goods.
Duty.
Russian.
Enj^h equivalents^
1
2
B
Bonee of every kind, raw, burnt, or ^n^mnd
Leeches, together with the weight of the bags
in which they are exported.
Eggs of the #ilk*womi
10 kopecks per i>ood . .
80 kopecks per pound
2 roubles per pound. ..
80 koi>ecks per pood . .
46 kopecks per i>ood . .
20 kopecks per pood . .
21 kopecks per pood . .
Prohibited in Poland.
ft
U.perowi.
2a lOd. per pound.
7#. per penndii
4
6
6
7
Rags of every kind, shreds of wool, and paper
pulp:
a. On the land frontier and at the
port of Libao.
b. from ports in the Baltic f»xoept
Libau) and ports in the White
Sea.
e. Froai ports in the Black and Axof
Seaa
Calamine (or zinc ore), raw, calcined, Mid ground.
Iron ore. (Its exportation by the custom-houses
of the Kingdom of Poland is pro-
hibited.
Obs. — ^Irou ore may be exported through the
custom-houses of the Kingdom of Polana from
the mines nearest to the Irontier and to foreign
(not native) iron-woikn, narticularly in places
where there is a want of fuel, but only by spe-
cial permission of tbe ministry of finance, vaA
on payment of a duty of 5 copecks per mine-
bncKet fa local meniture).
All goods except those mentioned in the above
ust may be exported free of duty.
2f.llid.percwt.
it. M. per owt.
It. Hid. per cwt.
Goodt the importation of which is prohibited in Buaaia.
Description of goods.
242
243
244
246
246
247
248
24»
260
261
262
263
Russian coins, copper or silver, and all foreign coins of low standard.
Gunpowder, ingredients for gunpowder, and all fulminating compositions ; also saltpeter, re-
finrd.
Military stores, guns, mortars, shells, shot, &c.
Air-arms, acting without gonpowder ; also canes, stieka, and pipes with daggers, sworda, and
other concealed weapons.
An playing-cards.
Canceled.
Bedding and pillows, except brought by jrassengers or addressed to persons who have returned
firom abroad.
Fishermen's berries, or baccaec occulli indici.
Oil of bitter slmonds.
Powder for clearing wine.
Selenite (for dyeing hair).
Spirits distiUed from com imported in casks.
0b8.— Goods of which the importation is prohibited only in certain ports of the Empire, or
which are admitted under certain restrictions and by special permission, are mentionea under
corresponding heads of the tariill
I
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 261
MODIFICATIOH OF THE METAL TAEIiT OF EUSSIA.
REPORT BT CONSUL-OBNERAL EDWARDS, OF ST. PETERSBURG.
I have the honor to herewith inclose It translation of an officially
published copy of the opinion of the Imperial Oonncil, confirmed by
the Emperor on the 3d-15th Jnne^ 1880, respecting the free importation
into Bossia of cast and wrought iron, and the alteration of the rates
of customs duties ou iron and steel, metallic manufactures, and ma-
chinery.
I beg to invite your attention especially to the following provision:
I. The priTileffe of free importation from abroad of oast and wrought iron for man-
nfaetnre of macninery, imperially sanctioned in 1861, is to be withdrawn.
Manufacturers of machinery employing steam or water power have
hitherto had the right, with the permission of the minister of finance^
of importing cast and wrought iron free of duty, in such quantities ad
wererequir^ for the manufacture and fitting of machinery at their re-
spective works. The abuse of this privilege is said to have been the
cause of the abolition of the exemption. Hitherto there existed two
species of privilege in regard to the importation of unwroaght metals :
one made the duty payable in paper money, theother^ntirely exemptea
the imx)ortation from duty. The duty collected in gold from the im-
portation of metals during the year 1878 amounted to the sum of
$ >,(MK),000 ; the duty collected in paper money during the same year
amounted to $1,200,000, and the exemptions during the same period
amounted to $1,900,000. It will be seen, therefore, that it is expected
to realize at least $2,000,000 per annum by the revocation of the exemp-
tion privilege.
By an examination of the new and old scale, it will be observed that
ateel and iron are put in the same category. The modifications beyond
those above mentioned are unimportant.
Agricultural implements without steam-engines, not specially men-
tioned, are free as before. Those specially mentioned are scythes,
sickles, chaff-cutters, and mowers, shears for sheep-shearing, spades,
•hovels, rakes, hoes, and forks, upon which there is a duty of 38 cents
I>ex pood (36 pounds), being an increase of 5 cents per p<mnd over the
old tariff.
The value of the merchandise imported into Bussia during the year
1870 amounted to $168,000,000 ; during the year 1870 the importations
were valued at $298,000,000. In these figures are included the prod-
ucts free from duty, valued at $31,500,000 in 1870 and $72,000,000 in
1879.
The customs receipts from the different species of merchandise have
increased during the past ten years in the following proportions : Tea^
56 per cent. ; the wrought metals, 316 per cent. ; salt, 16 per cent. ; cot-
ton yam, 32i6 per cent, f ordinary oil, 30 per cent. ; wool, 64 per cent. ;
tobacco, 51 per cent.
Two important articles show a diminution during the same period:
Bilk, 66 pw cent., and cotton goods, 14 per cent. The general increase
/
262 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
of customs duties duriug the ten years from 1870 to 1879 has been 52
per cent. The customs revenue for 1879 amounted to $45,750,090, an
excess of $7,500,000 beyond the provisions of the budget, and $3,000,000
beyond the receipts of the preceding year. The increase during the
past ten years cannot be attributed solely to the increase in ^e quan-
tity of the merchandise imported. By the decree which went into oper-
ation January 1, 1877, all duties were made payable in gold.
Gold coupons.mnst be bought by Bnssian importers to meet the du-
ties on their goods, except in special cases, where the Government allows
the importer to pay in paper money. This change of the standard from
paper to gold for duties advanced the rates by about 50 per cent.
The EuKsian paper ruble is the only current money in use in the trade
or commercial transactions of the Empire, and has a daily fluctuating
value. It is impossible, therefore, for an importer to foretell what
amount of duty he must pay. The following are the principal articles
from which the customs receipts were realized during the year 1879 :
Tea $12,000,000
Unwronght metals 4,500,000
Salt 2,900,000
Strong drinks 2,500,000
Cotton yam 2,300,000
Oil 2,000,000
Woolen tissnes 2,000,000
Raw cotton i 1,500,000
MetalUo products 1,500,000
Wool : 1.200,000
Tobacco 1,000,000
Fruits ^ 1,000,000
Cotton tissues 1,000,000
Cloth 700,000
Oil for lighting 700,000
Silk tissues 500,000
Other merchandise 8,750,000
The different products pay as follows, in proportion to their value :
Percent
Salt 60
Tea 32
Drinks 26
Silks 26
Tobacco 24
Cotton yam 21
Woolen yam 21
Ordinary oil 17
Petroleum 16
Unwronght metals : 16
Fruits - 14
Coffee U
Flax yam 10
Fish 9
Wrought metals 9
Cotton goods 9
Woolen stuffs S
Mixed goods 5
Furs - 5
Watches 3
Bailway carriages 3
Machines and apparatus 2
The right to import articles free of duty is granted to a great number
of persons.
During the year 1878 the exemptions of dutiable articles amounted to
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 263
$4,600,000, eqaivaleDt to one-tenth of the entire cdstoms receipts. From
the above table it will be seen that salt and tea, articles of necessity, pay
macb more revenue in proportion to their value than silks, watches, and
other articles of luxury. The same principle may be applied to the
metals. Unwrought metals pay one and one-half times more duty in
proportion to their value than wrought metals, and five times more than
machinery, without taking into consideration those that are exempt from
all duty. The partiality and injustice of forcing the poorer classes to
conform strictly to the law, while permitting a privileged class to escape
the payment of duties, are plain to every candid mind, especially when
we consider that the purchases by the former class consist of the neces-
saries of life, and that most of the purchases of the latter class consist
of the luxuries.
The great defect in the Bussian tariff system consists in the fact that
it is not designed to protect the interests or bring into favorable actioa
the resources of the Empire.
The leading object seems to be the increase of the revenue, without
regard to the general prosperity of the Empire. The privileged classes
revel in their luxury, and the poor industrial classes wallow in their des-
titution. Of the principal customs cities of the Empire Moscow stands
at the head and shows the receipt of $8,750,000 for the year 1879 against
$4,700,000 in 1870. St. Petersburg is second, with $4,800,000, against
$5,500,000 in 1870. The city of Eeval occupies the third place, with
$2,700,000 against $200,000 in 1870. The Baltic Railway is the principal
cause of the great progress made by Beval.
The increase of receipts for 1879 is 50 per cent, greater than 1878.
Odessa is fourth, with $2,500,000 against $2,000,000 in 1870. Eiga is
fifth, with $1,850,000 against $1,350,000 in 1870. Accompanying this is
an of&cially published copy of the new metal tariff.
W. H. EDWARDS,
Conaul-OeneraL
United States Gonsulate-Oenebax,
8t. Petersburg^ July 20, 1880.
[InolMue in the foregoing report]
ALTERATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN TARIFF.
Ofkukm of ike Imperial Council, eonjirmed hy the Emperor on the dd-lbth June, 1880,
neHing ike free importation into Euaaia of caet ana wrought iron, and the alteration qf'
Ae ratea of cmatoma dutfea on iron and atetl, metallic manufactures, and machinery.
[TruiaUUon from the Raasian.]
I. The privilege of free importation fh>m abroad of caat and wronsht iron for inan-
nfactnrea of machinery, imperially sanctioned in 1861, is to be withdrawn.
n. The proposed alterations in the existing customs tariff are to be submitted to
His Imperial Mi^esty for confirmatidn.
HI, The above measures indicated in paragraphs I and II to take effect from the
lat-13th January, 18c$l.
Alteratione in the cuetome duties for European trade,
Abticlb 34. Shears for sheep-shearing and for napping, to be excluded fh>m the-
teriir.
Articub 35, Paragraph I. Asricultural machinery and implements, without steam,
engines, not specially mentioned, free.
y
264
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Remarks. — Duplicate parts of the aboTe-mentioned machinery, imported together
with it, are admitted free ; parts of machiuery brought separately pay duty accord-
ingly to corresponding paragraphs of tariff.
Abticle 35, Paragraph II. Machinery for dressing varions flbrons snbstanoes,
such as working machinery, unreeling, breaking, oardmg, batting, spinning, warp-
ing, weaTing, napping, and nap-shenring machinery ; also machineiy and apparatus
for paper making and printing, and IV, weaving reeds of every kind, also dents
and rods for making the same ; rods and shuttles for weaving frames, steel and iron
teeth for heckles ; neckles for flax and hemp and cards of every kind, free. Obs. I.
Duplicate parts of the al>ove-mentioned macninery and i^paratus and also the indis-'
pensable fittings thereof, imported together with them, are admitted free. Those
imported separately from macninery and apparatus pay 30 copecks per pound. Obs.
2. Such articles as do not form a direct Mkd immediate part of machinery, etc.,
but are used in setting it up or in connecting it with other machinery or apparatus,
such as railings, stair-cases, gearing or shafting, pulleys, driving straps, cards for spin-
ning machinery, connecting pipes, oil-cups, and metallic webs, to be excluded from
the tariff.
Article 36. Sea and river going vessels of every description, entire and with fit-
iings, free.
Remarks. — Iron vessels, with steam-engines or without, brought in separate parts,
pay duty according to corresponding paragraphs of tariff.
Description.
Abticlk 05.— Iron:
I. liATB. aMorted and roUed of all kinda, metsnring i to 18 inches in width
and up to 17 inches in thickneM in diameter, ana <«]so in puddling and
millbars
Bbmabk^ — Iron under ^ inch in thickness or width is regarded as wire.
XL Iron rails
m. Iron in sheets and slabs not exceeding 18 inches in width, and all kinds
of nsstirted iroD exceeding 7 inches in width or diameter
IV. Scrnpiron '.
ObBEUVATiOK TO Pabaobafu 06.— (M&nnfaCtorers of machinery em-
f>lo.viug steam or water power may, with the permission of the min-
ster of finance, import cast and wrought iron free of duty in snch
quantities as may be required for the manufacture and fitting of
machinery at their respective works) to bo excluded from tariff.
Abticlk 06. — 'I'in in sheets not utconercd and nil kinds of sheet-iron, painted,
covere<l with zinc, copper, or other metal 1
Abticlbs 97.— Steel :
I. In bars and assorted from ^ to 18 inches wide, and all assorted steel ex-
ceeding 7 inches in diameter or thickness, and aIho in plates
Obskbvation.— Steel in thickness, breadth, or diameter under ^ inch is
regarded as wire.
II. Steelrails
III. In sheets and plates exceeding 18 inches in breadth, and all kinds of
assorted steel exceeding 7 inches in thickness or diameter
Abticlb 162.— Cast iron, wrought :
L Iron castings, without any finish, such as fire-bars, nlates, pipes, beoms,
pillars, cast-iron appurtenances for railways, and tneir rolling stock
n. Cast-iron vessels enameled
m. Articles of oast iron, finished, turned, and polished, ground, painted,
bronzed, tinned, covered with ziuc or otuer common metals, with
wooden, copper, and bitinze parts, and without same
Obsbbvation— All articles of malleable oast iron are liable to duty
under Paraginph 3, Article 162.
Abticlb 163. — Iron and steel blacksmiths' work, wrought and cast, without
filing, or only filed alons edges or rims, but not otherwise finished, such as
anchors, nails, hooks, bells, mortars, ana also all appurtenances of railways
and their rolling stock
Abticle 164.— Iron and steel articles, boiler work, such as boilers, reservoirs,
tanks, boxes, bridges, pipes, and also all kinds of articles manufactured
ftom sheet iron and strmg. excepting those specified in Articles 06 and 106 .
Abticlk 165.— Iron and steel articles, excepting those specially named, finished,
torned, polished, ground, bronzed, or otherwise finished with parts of wood,
copper, bronze, or without the same, weighing —
I. More thanSlbs
II. Less than 5 lbs
GusBUVATiON TO PAKAOBAi'H 165.— (All articles of locksmiths' work
weighing more than I pood each pay duty under Article 164 as black-
srolui's work, vis, 77 cents per pouud), to be excluded from tariff.
Abticlb 166.— Manufactures of tin plate:
I. All articles of tin-plate and all articles of sheet Iron, tinned, enameled,
and covered with zioc or other commou metals
II. The same articles with gilding, painting, or other ornaments
Per pood.
10 26
84
87
15
61
77
77
1 64
Old
scale.
PtT poofL'
#0 21
15
m
4
06
06
26
61
84
•4
87
61
38
61
38
61
77
102
1 0>to3 46
77tol 01
1 0ltoS4A
1 02
3 84
1 M
8 m
TAKIFF8 OF TIIE SEVEBAL COUKTBIES.
265
Change of metal tariff in ^uaata— Coutinaed.
DeaoriptloD.
Abticlk 167.— Wire :
L Iron ftud steel
n. Of copper, braaa, and other metallic fnsionH. as also all wire tinned, cot-
esed with sine or with other common metal, except the wire mentioned
in article 188, nails and wire rivets, pegs for piano-fortes, metallic wires.
Xther with the weipht of the nea on which they are wound ; also
cables, rigging, and submarine cables of wira
Abticlb 168. — All manofkotures of wire, as also wire covered with paper, silk,
silk thread, and fhun«s for umbrellas er parasols, and bird cages of ^1
kinds of wire . .
Abticub 172. — Scythes and sickles, chaff cutters and mowers, shears for sheep-
shearing, spades, shovels, rakes, hoes, and forks — .
Abticlb 173.— Tools used in trade, arts, maunfactnres. and works
Abticu 176. — Locomotives, tenders, steam fire-engines, and other appliances
agaj^Mi flie. as also all machines and apparatus not specially named of
wrought and oast iron or steel, with puts consisting of oth«r materials
or withoat the same , . —
Obsbbvation.— Detached metallic parts of machinery and apparatus
belonging to the same and imported with them shall be liable to the
duty established for machinery ; parts of machinery apparatus im-
ported separately shall be liable to duty under the correeponding
needs of the taridT.
ABUCLB 175, Paraoraph III.— (Detached psrts and fittings of every kind of
machinery and apparatus (except of copper or bratss under I of this
article) imported separatelv from the moohiner>- or apparatus, includ-
ing all revolving straps and driving bands (belting) and metallic webs
used in manufactories), and observation : (By parts of machinery and
apparatus are understood such as have no independent nse and form a
direct part of the machinery or apparatus and cannot be employed ex-
cept in combination with other machinery, dtc, such as steam cylinders,
pistons, cranks, eccentrics, connecting-rods, fly-wheels, oheeks, bristles,
and spindles to the same), to be excluded from the tariff.
Abticlb 238.— Railway oars:
L Trucks and coal cars
IL Goods cars
Pauenger can.
UI. — Third class and baggage and mail cars.
IV.— Second class
y. — First and second olass
VX— First class
Tramvfoy cart.
yn. — ^Double horse.
yUL— Single horse.
77
115
1 02
88
61
61
Old
scale.
Perpood,
. lU
1 IS
2 81
Peraale,
$57 75
84 70
184 75
178 25
211 75
250 25
164 00
115 60
Par ocls.
$87*7f
77 06
184 76
to
281 06
77 06
77 06
On the 3d-15th June His Imperial Majesty by sign nianaul was pleased to assent to
the above decision.
8t. Pbtbrsburo, Bumia, Jwme li)-^, 1880.
X
266 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIEa
CANADA.
CAHADIAV TARIFF CHAHOES.
BBPORT BT COMMERCIAL AGENT CARROLL, OF PORT STANLEY AND 8T, THOMAJL
1 have the honor to transmit herein, for the information of the De-
partment, an exhibit of the changes in the Canadian tariff, promulgated
on the dOth ultimo, which I take from the Toronto Mail of the 3l8t
ultimo.
In this connection it may be proper to state that I have compared the
changes adverted to with other lists, and find them to be correct
PHILIP OAEEOLL,
Commercial Agent
Commercial Agency of the United States,
Port Stanley and St. ThomaSj Canada^ April 2, 1883.
[From tlie Toronto Hail of Hwch 81, 1888.]
CHANGES IN TARIFF.
U^T OF INCBRA8BS AND DRCRSASES— CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS TO FREE LIST— IN-
CRRA8R OF PROTBCTIVR DUTIRS ON MANUFACTURED GOODS.
Ottawa, March 30.
Tb«^ following are the changes in the tariff:
Agates (free). Add rabies, pearls, sapphires, emerals, garnets, opals, not polished^
Ac,
Aniline dyes (free). Add in bulk or packages, five pounds or over. ^
Celuloid in sheets (made free last year). Add lamps or blocks.
Colors (free). Add dry metallic oxide.
Drills for prospecting for minerals.
Dye, Jet black.
Hatters' plush of silk or cotton.
Kainite or German potash.
Salts for fertilizers.
Lnmber or timber, anmannfactured (free). Add greenwood and sawdust, and hiok*
ory sawn to shape for spokes for wheels, not farther manufactured.
Mineral waters, natural.
Settlers' effects ( free). Add musical instruments, sewing machines, live stock, oarts^
and other vehicles one year in use.
Add to the free list :
Asphalt om, books bound, printed over seven years, or printed by any government
or scientific association not for trade ; manuscripts, chronometers, compasses for ships,
eopper in sheets, iron and steel, old and scrap ; iron beams, Hheets, or plates, and knees
for iron or composite ships ; iodine; crude marble in blocks, 15 cubic feet and over ;
otto of roses; platinum wire ; seeds, anise, coriander, fennel, and fenugreek ; spurs and
stilts for earthenware makers; sausage skins or casings, not cleaned; valerian root;
wire of brass or copper; round or flat wire of iron or steel, galvanized or tinned, or
not 15 gauge and smaller ; street railway bars or rails ; fish-plates and in sheets for
manufacture of screws.
On the following articles there has been a decrease, and the rate is as follows:
Buckram, 10 per cent.
Batton covers, 10 per cent.
Coal dust, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Fruit, dried, 20 per cent.
Lampblack and ivory black, 10 per cent.
Lead, nitrate and acetate of, 5 per cent.
\
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 267
Leather, liunb, sbeep, buck, deer, elk, and antelope, dressed and colored, or not, 10
per cent.
Kid, tanned or dressed, and colored or not, 15 per cent.
Liqaorice paste, not given.
Malrble, in clocks, 15 cubic feet and over, free ; same, under 15 cubic feet, 10 per cent.
Slabs, sawn on two sides, 10 per cent.
Oil or enameled cloth, for trunk and valise makers, 15 per cent.
Paper union collar cloth, 5 per cent.
Precious stones, agates, emeralds, garnets, and opals, polished, 10 per cent.
Spices (except nutmeg and mace), unground, 10 per cent.
Tobacco ana snuff, specific duty of 20 per pound [per cent. t].
Turpentine, spirits of, 10 per cent.
Bells, except for churches, 30 per cent., now dutiable, according to material.-
Cloth, of other materials than cotton or woolen, made uniform, 30 per cent.
Ether, sulphuric and nitric, 30 per cent.
India-rubber clothing, made water-proof, 35 per cent.
Jellies and Jams, 6 cents per pound, specific.
Magic lanterns and optical instruments, to be 25 per cent. ; nickel anodes, 10 per
cent.
Pocket books and purses, added to trunks, valises, &.C., 30 per cent, ad valorem.
Vaseline and similar preparations of petroleum, in bulk, 5 cents in bottle, or 6 cents
perpound.
Woolen hosiery, same as woolen clothing, 10 cents per pound, and 25 per cent, ad
valorem. .
Dress and costume cloths, under 25 wide, and weighing not more than 3 ounces per
sqipare yard, 20 per cent.
1 ams, of wool or worsted, 2-ply or more, different colors combined, or mohair yams,
white or any color, imported by maunfAOturers, 20 per cent.
On the following articles the duty has been increased :
Acids, acetic, 15 per cent, per gallon ; other acids, 25 per cent.
Absinthe, |2 per eallon ; aniline dves, less than 5-pound packages, 10 per cent.
AgrienltunJ implements and machines to pay specific and ad valorem equal to 3S
per cent. ; portable machines, spades, hoes, forks the same.
Bed comiorters and quilts, 27^ per cent.
Boot and shoe laces, 30 per cent.
Braces and suspenders, 30 per cent.
Cards (playing), 6 cents per pack.
Carriages to pay specific and ad valorem equal to 35 per cent.
Carriages (children's), same as above.
Cordage of all kinds, 20 per C/Cnt.
Cotton, printed or dyed, 27^ per cent, on 1st January, 1884.
Cases, Jewel, watch, and similar oases, 30 per cent.
Cane or rattan, split, 25 per cent.
Drain and sewer pipes, glazed, 25 per cent.
Fmit, in air-tight cans, 3 cents 1-ponnd cans and less, and so in proportion for larg*
cans.
Fnmitare, iron bedsteads included and charged 35 per cent., and show-oases to bs
ebarged |0 each, specific and 35 per cent.
Hi3r-cloth, 30 per cent.
Carpeting, matting, or mats, 25 per cent, ad valorem.
Lamp-wicks, 30 per cent.
Music, printed, 10 per cent, per pound.
Paper, wall and fieudoy papers, 30 per cent.
Pumps, 50 cents each, specific, to oe added to present 25 per cent, ad valorem.
Steel, in ingots, bars, sheets, coils, to pay |5 per ton on and after 1st July next.
Files, speciflc^nder 9 inches in length, o cents ; 9 inches and over, 3 cents per pound.
Tin oystals, 20 per cent.
Yinegar, 15 cents imperial gallon.
CHAVOES nr the o avadiah taeiff.
RBPOST OF OOMMMROIAL AGBKT OABBOLL, OF FOBtP 8TAKLBT.
I have the honor to inclose herein a list of the chan^zres made in the
Oanadiau tariff by the Dominion Oovernment This list I take from the
Toronto Mail of the 25th instant. It is authentic, the collector of cos-
toms at that place having, as he informs me, receiveid telegraphic instmo-
/
I
i
268 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
tioDS from Ottawa on Saturday to that effect, and directing that he should
be governed accordingly.
PHILIP OAEEOLL,
Commercial Agent
OOMMEROIAL AaENGY OF THE UNITED STATES,
Port Stanley and 8t. Thomas^ Canada^ February 28, 1882.
[Inclorare in the foregoing iwporL]
TUB TABIFF -CHANOB8 IN THE TARIFF PROPOeBD BY THE OOVERNMEKT — ^LI8T OF
AIITICLB8 ADDED TO THE FREE LIRT — NATIVE INDUSTRIES TO BE STILL FUBTHXB
ENCOURAGED— DUTY TAKEN OFF TEA AND COFFEE.
[From tbe Toronto Hail of Febraary 25, 1882.]
Ottawa, Februarjf 84.
The following are the chaugeH proposed in the tariff:
To BE ADDED TO THE FREE LlST.
Anatomical preparations.
Bees, brass in sneets, Britannia metal in pigs and bars.
Celluloid in sheets, China clay, chloialnm, coffee, green, except by act 42 Vic, oap.
16.
Fowls for improvement of stock.
Iron, sand or globules, and dry putty for polishing granite.
Quinine^ quicksilver
Spelter m blocks and pigs.
Tea, except as provided for in act 42 Vic, cap. 15.
Tin in blocks, pigs, bars, and sheets.
Woods, African teak, black-heart ebony, lignum vitn, red cedars, satin wood.
DUTIES TO BE CHANGED.
Bookbinders' tools and implements, including ruling machines and binders' doth,
from 10 to 15 per cent.
Glass, common and colorless, window glass, 20 to 30 per cent.
Scrap iron, now |2 per too, to $1.
Lead, manufactures, from 25 to 30 per cent.
Sandpaper from 20 to 25 per cent.
Ships^ hulls when containing machinery to remain at 10 per cent., but the machin-
ery to pay 25 per cent.
Bags containing fine salt, 25 per cent.
Clock springs, now 35, reduced to 10 per cent.
Cotton-seed, now 20 per cent., reduced to 10 per cent, per busheL
Fireworks, 25 per cent, ad valorem.
Wrought- iron tubing. If iuch and upward, 15 per cent. ; it now pays 25 between If
And 2 inches.
Mustard cake, 20 per cent. ; uncertain now.
Paraffine, wax, or stearine, 3 cents per pound.
Rice, nnhuUed, or paddy, 17^ per cent.
Trees, apple, 2i cents; pear, 4 cents; plum, 5 cents; cherry, 4 oents; qninoe, 2^
•cents; grape-vines, 4 cents.
Silk plush, or netting for gloves, 15 per cent.
Harness and leather dresniuff is placed under the head of blacking at 25 per cent.
Belts and tmsses under the heading of braces or suspenders.
Kentucky Jeans to pay cotton duty, as they are cotton.
Knitted cotton cloth to pay 30 per cent. ; black and bleached cotton, three and six
cords only, to be admitted at 12i per cent duty.
Furs the same, whether wholly or partially dressed.
Bolsters and pillows to pay the same duty as mattTes«es.
Olass, pressea or moklea, tableware, to be added to the 30 per ceot. lirt.
Corsets, tarpaulin coated with oil, paint, or tar, cotton bags made up by the nae of
^e needle, 30 per cent.
Paints, orange mineral reduced to 5 per cent., being the same article as white load.
Lacquers, Japan, and coUodes are added to the list of yarnish.
Bptnts and strong waters mixed, now paying.$1.90, 20 per cent. Is to be added.
\
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRISa 269
0HAHOB8 nr THE OAVADIAV TARIFF.
MMPORT BY OON8XJL LANOJB, OF SAINT STEPHEN, N. B., ON THE CHANGES OF TARIFF
AM ENACTED AT THE LAST SESSION OF THE DOMINION PARLIAMENT.
Acids:
1* Acetio, DOW twelve cents per imperial gallon^ to be fifteen cents*
(15 cents x>er I. G.)
Strike out the words '^ sulphnric and nitric in a combined state^
twenty x>er cent, ad valorem," and substitute the following in lien
thereof:
2. Sulphuric and nitric combined and all mixed acids, twenty-five i)er
cent, ad valorem. (25 per cent, ad valorem.)
3. Under the heading, ^^ Books, Ac," in the item ^^ playing cards,"
strike out the words and figures '^ thirty per cent, ad valorem, 30
per cent." and insert the words ^^six cents per x>ack." (6 cents
per pack.)
4^ In the items, ^^ Printed music, bound or in sheets," strike out the
word and figure ^'six, 6," and insert the word and figures ^^ ten,
10." (10 cents per i>oand.)
6. Braces or suspenders, now 25 per cent., to be 30 per cent. (30 per
cent, ad vaJoreui.)
Carriages :
Strike out the whole of this item and substitute the following
in lieu thereof:
6 to 12. Carriages: Buggies of all kinds, farm wagons; farm, railway,
or freight carts ; * pleasure carts or gigs, and similar vehicles, ana
all other carriages not otherwise enumerated, thirty-five per cent,
ad valorem, to take effect on and after the tenth day of May
nextb (35 per cent, ad valorem.) *
13. Railway cars, sleighs, cutters, wheelbarrows, and hand-carts, thirty
per cent, ad valorem. (30 per cent, ad valorem.)
14 to 19. Children's carriages of all kinds, thirty-five per cent, ad valo-
rem, to take effect on the 10th of May, 1883. (35 per cent, ad
valorem.)
20. Parts of carriages or other manufactured articles shall be charged
with the same rate of duty, on a proportionate valuation, as that
chargeable upon the finished article.
%L Under the heading ^' Cotton, manufactures of," in the item '^ cotton,
duck, or canvas of hemp or flax, and sail twine, when to be usea
for boats and ships' sails, five per cent, ad valorem," strike out
the words ^^ cotton, duck, or" and provide that: The importer of
cotton duck used for sails of ships or fishing boats or other ves-
sels shall be entitled to a drawback equal to the duty paid
thereon, less five per cent, of the value of the article, (m fiarnish-
kig proof that the duck had been so used, under r^ulations to
be made by the minister of customs.
After the item, ^^all clothing made of ootton or other material^
etc," insert the item :
S2. Lamp-wicks thirty per cent, ad valorem. (30 per cent)
And^ alsOf the following :
^
270 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
23. Provided that printed or dyed cottons, except jeans, contelles, cam-
brics, silicias, and casbans, shall on and after the first day of
January, 1884, be charged with a duty of twenty-seven aod one-
half per cent, ad valorem. (27^ per cent, ad valorem.)
Strike out the items concemiug ^^ Cordage for ships' puriK)ses.''
and ^' cordage, all other, including manila, marline, etc.," and
substitute therefor :
24. Cordage of all kinds, twenty per cent, ad valorem. (20 per cent.
ad valorem.)
Strike out the item <' drain-tile and drain-pipes and sewer-
pipes, etc., twenty per i^nt.," and substitute the following items
in lieu thereof:
25. Drain-tile, not glazed, twenty i>er cent, ad valorem. (20 per cent
ad valorem.)
26. Drainpipes and sewerpipes, glazed, twenty-five i>er cent. (25 per
cent, id valorem.)
27. Under the heading ^< Fruits, dried," in the second item, ^'currants.
dates, etc.," the duty of twenty-five x>er cent, to be reduced to
twenty per cent. (20 per cent.)
28. In the item ^' fruits in air-tight cans," after the words ^^ including
cans," strike out the words ^Hhree cents per p<»und if sweetened
and two cents per pound if not sweetened," and insert the words.
Weighing not over one iK)und, three cents per can (3 cents per
can) and three cents additional per can for each iK)und or fhu)-
tion of a pound over ODex)Ound in weight.
29. Under the heading ^< Furniture," after the word ^^ furniture," and
before the word " house," insert the words : Of wood, iron, or any
other material. After the words ^'bolsters and pillows," and be-
fore the words <^ caskets and coffins," strike out the words ^^show-
cases," and add the following item : Show-cases, a specific duty
of two dollars each, and, in addition thereto, thirty-five percent,
ad valorem. (35 per cent, ad valorem.)
30. Under the hes^ing ^'Iron and manufactures of," after the item con-
cerning *4ap- welded boiler-iron tubing," and before the item con-
cerning '^ bedsteads and other iron furniture," strike out the
heading ^^Manufactures of iron or steel, or of iron and steel com-
bined.^
31. In the item '^ bedsteads and other iron furniture and ornamental
iron work and wire work," strike out the words ^^ bedsteads and
other iron furniture," and include the same in the item concern-
ing ^^ furniture, house, cabinet, or office," thirty-five per cent.
ad valorem. (35 per cent, ad valorem.)
After the item concerning ^< sewing- machines," and before the
item concerning << ink for writing," insert the following :
32. All articles rated as iron or manufactures of iron shall be charge-
able with the same duty, if im)>ort6d, as steel, or steel and iron
combined, unless otherwise provided for.
Under the heading ^^ Leather," in the item ^'sole and belting
leather and all upper leather," after the word ^^ sheep," and be-
fore the words ^< calf, tanned or dressed," strike out the words
'^ buck and antelope," and substitute therefor the following item:
33. Olove leather, viz, buck, deer, elk, and ai^telope, tanned or dressed,
colored or not colored, ten x>er cent, ad valorem. (10 per cent,
ad valorem.) . \ 1
36. Under the heading << Liquorice root, pas^ extract of, for manufact-
uring purposes," the duty of twenty per cent, to be reduced to
fifteen per cent, ad valorem. (15 per cent ad valorem.)
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 271
36. Under the heading " Marble," in the first item, after the word "con-
taining," and before the word " fifteen," insert the words " less
than," and after the words " cubic feet," and before the words
" ten per cent.," strike out the words " or over." (10 per cent.)
37. In the second item, after the words " two sides," and before the
words '^per cent.," strike out the word "fifteen" apd insert the
word "ten." (10 per cent.)
38. Under the heading "Oils," in the item concerning "carbolic or
heavy oil," after the word "oil," and before the words "ten per
cent.," strike out the words " used in making wooden block pave-
ments, for heating wood for building, and for railway ties," strike
out the item " lubricating, of all kinds, twenty-five x>er cent. a4
valorem — 25 per cent.," and substitute the following:
39. Lubricating oils, composed wholly or in part of petroleum, and cost-
ing thirty cents per imperial gallon or over, twenty-five per cent,
ad valorem. (25 per cent, ad valorem.)
40. The same costing less than thirty cents per imx>erial gallon seven
and one-fifth cents x>er imperial gallon. (7^ cents per imperial
gallon.)
41. All other lubricating oils, twenty-five percent, ad valorem. (25 per
cent, ad valorem.)
42. In the item " Paper-hangings or wall-paper," after the word " wall-
paper," insert the words " and glazed, plated, marbled, enameled,
or embossed paper, in rolls or sheets, and cardboard similarly
finished."
43^ In the item " Union collar cloth paper," after the words " not
shapen," and before the words " per cent." strike out the word
" ten " and insert the word " five." (5 per cent, ad valorem.)
44. In the item concerning " spices," after the word " unground," and
before the words *' per cent.," strike out the word " twenty " and
insert the word " ten." (10 cent.)
45. Under the heading " Tobacco," in the item " manufactured tobacco
and snuft," after the word " twenty," strike out the word " five,"
also the figures " 25," and insert the figures " 20." (20 cents per
pound.)
45a. In the item " trunks, satchels, valises," etc., after the words " car-
pet-bags," insert the words " purses and pocket-books."
46. In the item ** turpentine, spirits of," after the words " spirits of,"
and before the words " i>er cent.," strike out the word " twenty "
and insert the word "ten." (10 per cent, ad valorem.)
47. Under the heading " Vegetables," strike out the words " tomatoes
in cans two oents per pound," and substitute the following in
lieu thereof, " tomatoes and other vegetables, including corn, in
cans weighing not over one pound, two cents \yer can (2 cents
per can) ; and two cents additional per can for each pound or
fraction of a pound over one pound in weight."
48. In the item concerning " vinegar," after the word " vinegar," and
before the word " cents," strike out the word " twelve " and in-
sert the word ** fifteen." (15 per cent. 1. G.)
49. Under the heading *^ Wools and woolens " in the first item, after the
words " worsted yams," strike out the words and figures " undei:
number 30," and after the word '^ hosiery " and before the word
"seven," strike out the words " of every description," and insert
the words " not elsewhere specified."
M. Ib the second item concerning " clothing, ready made," after the
word " including " and before the word " cloth caps'' insert the
words " knitted goods, viz, socks and stockings.'^
/^
272 TASIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBIES.
51. Dress or costume cloths, serges, and similar &brics, nnder twenty-
five inches wide and weighing not over three and a half ounces
per lineal yard, either or both, twenty per cent, ad valorem. (20
per cent, id valorem.)
By adding to Schedule A the following items, viz :
63. Absinthe, two dollars per imperial gallon. ($2 per I. G.)
54. Agates, sapphires, emeralds, garnets, and opals, polished but not
set or otherwise manufactui^, ten x>er cent, ad valorem. (10 per
cent.)
55. Aniline dyes, not otherwise provided for, ten per cent, ad valorem.
(10 per cent.)
66 to 72. Agricultural implements. — Mowing machines, self-binding har-
vesters, harvesters without binders, binding attachments, reap-
ers, sulky and walking plows and parts of the same, harrows,
scythes, horse and hand hay rakes, garden rakes of any material,
grain-seed drills, spades and shovels, hoes, hay, straw, manure,
spading and mining forks, and all similar articles and parts
thereof, thirty-five per cent, ad valorem, to take effect on the 10th
of May next. (35 per cent, ad valorem.)
73 to 78. Portable machines, iK)rtable steam-engines, threshers, and
separators, horse-powers, portable saw-mills and fanning-mllls
and parts thereof, thirty-five per cent, ad valorem. (35 per cent,
ad valorem.)
79. Bed comforters or quilts of cotton, twenty-seven and a half j^er
cent, ad valorem. (27^ per cent, ad valorem.)
80. Bells of any material, except for churches, thirty per cent, ad va-
lorem. (30 per cent, ad valorem.)
81. Boot, shoe, and stay laces of any material, thirty per cent, ad va-
lorem. (30 per cent, ad valorem.) ^
83. Button covers, crosier, ten per cent, ad valorem. (10 per cent, ad
valorem.)
84. Cane or rattan, split or otherwise manuifactured, twenty-five per
cent, ad valorem. (25 per cent, ad valorem.)
85. Cases: jewel and watch cases, and other like articles of any mate-
rial, thirty per cent, ad valorem. (30 per cent, ad valorem.)
86. Coal dust, twenty per cent, ad valorem. (20 per cent, ad valorem.)
87. Hair cloth, thirty per cent, ad valorem. (30 per cent, ad valorem.)
88. India-rubber clothing or clothing made waterproof with India rub-
ber, thirty-five per cent, ad valorem. (35 per cent, ad valorem.)
89. Jellies and jams, five cents per pound. (5 cents per pound.)
90. Jute carpeting or matting and mats, twenty-five per cent, ad val-
• orem. (25 per cent, ad valorem.)
91. Lampblack and ivory black, ten per cent, ad valorem. (10 per x^ent.
ad valorem.)
92. Lead, nitrate, and acetate of, five per cent, ad valorem. (5 i>er cent.
ad valorem.)
93. Magic lanterns and optical instruments, including microsoropes and
telescopes, twenty-five x>er cent, ad valorem. (25 per cent, ad
valorem.)
94. Nickel anodes, ten per cent, ad valorem. (10 per cent, ad valorem.)
96. Pumps, iron, pitcher, spout, cistern, well, and force pumps, thirty-
five per cent, ad valorem. (35 per cent, ad valorem.)
97. Tin cr^'stals, twenty per cent, ad valorem. (20 per cent, ad valorem.)
98. Yaseline, and similar preparations of petroleum for toilet, medici-
nal, or other purposes, in bulk, four cents per pomidi (4ceB!C8
per pound.
\
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 273
In bottles or other packages, not over one pound in weight
each, six cents per pound. (6 cents per pound.)
Under heading " steel and manufactures of," strike out the
first item concerning "Steel in ingots, bars, sheets, and coils and
railway bars or rails and fish plates," and substitute the follow-
ing in lieu thereof:
99. Steel, ingots, bars, sheets, and coils uot elsewhere specified, a spe-
cific duty of five dollars per ton, to take effect on and after the first
of July next, and to remain free of duty until that date. ($5 per
ton.)
100. Spades, &c., strike out the words " including files," and add the
following item:
101. Files and rasps, thirty-five per cent, ad valorem. (35 per cent, ad
valorem.)
102. Alter the item concerning " proprietary medicines," and before the
item concerning "prunella," insert the following:
" All medicinal preparations, whether chemical or otherwise,
usually imported with the name of the manufacturer, shall have
the true name of such manufacturer, and the place wheie they
are prepared, permanently and legibly affixed to each- parcel by
stamp, label, or otherwise; and ^l medicinal preparations im-
ported without such names so affixed shall be forfeited." The
alterations in customs duties, on the articles enumerated in the
several items of this resolution, viz, from item 1 to 5, inclusive,
13, from 20 to 22, inclusive, from 24 to 44, inclusive, from 45a to
55, inclusive, from 79 to 98, inclusive, from 100 to 102, inclusive,
shall take efiect on and after the 20th April, 1883.
Resolvedj That it is expedient to amend Schedule B of the said acts
by the iollowiug alterations therein and additions thereto :
After the wo^i ''agates" strike out the word "unmanufactured" and
insert the words, "rubies, pearls, sapphires, emeralds, garnets, and
opals, not polished nor otherwise manufactured." After the words
"aniline dyes" add the words "in bulk or packages of not less than
one pound weight."
Mineral waters, natural : " Under regulations to be made by the min-
ister of customs."
After the words "celluloid or hyolite in sheets," add the words "lumps
or blocks."
Under the heading "colors, dry" strike out the words " blanc fixe"
and *' mayacca " and add the words " metallic colors, viz, cobalt, zinc,
and tin."
Diamond drills, for prospecting for minerals.
Dye, jet black.
Kainite, or German potash salts, for fertilizers.
Under the heading " Lumber and timber," after the word " chestnut,"
and before the word " mahogony," insert the word " gumwood," and
after the closing word " manufactured " add the words "and sawdust
of the same : Provided^ That hickory lumber, sawn to shape for spokes
of wheels, but not further manufactured, shall be also free."
Under the heading " Settlers' effects," after the words " removal to
Canada," and before the words "not to include" insert the words
" musical instruments, domestic sewing machines, live stock, carts, and
other vehicles, and agricultural implements in use by the settler for at
least one year before his removal to Canada," and after the word " ma-
chinery " strike out the words " or live stock," and after the words
" entered as settlers' effects " and before the words " shall not be sold "
1784 CONG — A P 18
/^
274 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
insert the words " cannot be so entered unless brou^j^bt with the settler
on his first arrival and."
So much of Schedule A as imposes any duty of customs on the follow-
ing goods is hereby repealed, and the same are added to Schedule B of
free goods, viz :
Anphaltum.
Books, bound, which shall have been printed more than seven years
at the date of importation, except that foreign reprints of English copy-
righted books shall be subject to the copyright duty.
Books printed by any Government, or by any scientific association,
or other society now existing for the promotion of learning and letters
issued in the course of their proceedings, and not for the purpose of
trade.
Ohrouometers and compasses for ships.
Copper in sheets.
Hatters' plush, of silk or cotton.
Iron and steel, old and scrap.
Iron beams, sheets or plates, and knees, for iron or composite ships.
Iodine, crude.
Manuscripts.
Marble in blocks, from the quarry, in the rough, or sawn on two sides
only, and not specially shapen, containing fifteen cubic feet or over.
iSrewspapers: After the word "magazines," and before the word "un-
bound," add "and weekly literary papers."
Ottar of roses.
Platinum wire.
Seeds : anise, coriander, cardamom, fennel, and fenugreek.
Spurs and stilts, used in the manuiacture of earthenware.
Sausage skins or casings, not cleaned.
Valerian root.
Wire of brass or copper, round or flat.
Wire of iron or steel, galvanized or tinned, 15 gauge or smaller.
Wire of spring steel, coppered, for the manu^ture of mattresses,
number nine gauge and smaller.
Strike the item concerning "steel in ingots, bars, sheets, and coils,
railway bars, and fish plates" and insert the following:
Steel railway bars or rails, and fish plates, and in sheets for the manu-
facture of saws.
This resolution shall take effect on and after the 20th April, 1883 :
Resolved, That it is expedient to provide by law that the export of
deer, wild turkeys, and quail in the carcass be prohibited; and that a
penalty be imposed for every breach of such prohibition.
LIST OF ARTICLES ON WHICH THE TABIFF WAS RAISED AT THE LAST
SESSION OF THE DOMINION PARLIAMENT AND HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Acids. — Acetic, from 12 cents per imperial gallon to 16 cents per im-
perial p:allon. Sulphuric and nitric combined and all mixed acids,
twenty-five per cent, ad valorem.
Playing cards, from thirty per cent, ad valorem to six cents per pack.
Printed music, from six cents per pound to ten cents per pound.
Braces and suspenders, from twenty-five per cent, to thirty per cent,
ad valorem.
Carriages — buggies of all kinds, farm wagons, farm, railway, or
freight carts, pleasure carts or gigs, and similsur vehicles, and all other
N
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 275
carriages not otherwise enumerated, from thirty to thirty per cent ad
valorem.
Parts of carriages, from thirty to thirty-five per cent, ad valorem.
Lamp wicks, from twenty to thirty per cent, ad valorem.
Printed or dyed cotton, except jeans, coutilles, cambrics, silicias, and
casbans, to twenty-seven and one-half per cent, ad valorem.
Cordage of all kinds, formerly from ten to twenty per cent, ad valorem^
'now twenty per cent, ad valorem.
Drain pipes and sewer pipes, glazed, from twenty per cent, to twenty-
five per ceut. ad valorem.
Show cases, a specific duty of two dollars each in addition to thirty-
five per cent, ad valorem.
Bedsteads and other iron furniture, from twenty-five to thirty-five
per cent, ad valorem.
^larble in blocks, in the rough or sawed on two sides, containing less
than fifteen cubic feet, ten per cent, ad valorem.
Viuegar, from twelve cents to fifteen cents per imperial gallon.
Agricultural implements, from twenty-five to thirty-five per cent, ad
valorem.
Boots and shoes, from twenty-five to thirty per cent, ad valorem.
Cases, jewel and watch cases, from twenty-five to thirty-five per cent,
ad valorem.
Coal dust, from fifty cents per ton to twenty per cent, ad valorem.
India rubber clothing, &c., from twenty-five to thirty-five per c>ent.
ad valorem.
Jute carpeting and matting, from twenty to twenty-five per cent, ad
valorem.
Nickel anodes, formerly free, to ten per cent, ad valorem.
Steel, ingots, bars, sheets, and coils, a specific duty of five dollars per
ton, formerl}^ ten per cent, ad valorem.
Shovels, spades, files and rasps, hoes ; hay, manure, and potato forks :
rakes and rake teeth; carpentersV coopers', cabine^makers', and all
other mechanics' tools; edge tools of every description; axes, scythes,
and saws of all kinds, fix)m thirty to thirty-five per cent, ad valorem.
NEW^ ARTICLES ADDED.
Children's carriages, thirty-five per ceut. ad valorem.
Dress or costume cloths, serges, and similar fabrics, under twenty-
five inches wide and weighing not over three and a half ounces per
linear yard, either or both, twenty per cent, ad valorem.
Absinthe, two dollars per imperial gallon.
Agates, sapphires, emeralds, garnets, and opals, polished but not set
or otherwise manufactured, ten per cent, ad valorem.
Bed comforters, or quilts of cotton, twenty-seven and a half per cent,
ad valorem.
Button covers, crosier, ten per cent, ad valorem.
Cane and rattan, split or otherwise manufactured, twenty-five per
cent, ad valorem.
Hair cloth, thirty per cent, ad valorem.
Jellies and jams, five cents per pound.
Lamp-black and ivory black, ten per cent, ad valorem.
Lea4f nitrate and acetate of, five per cent, ad valorem.
Magic lanterns and optical instruments, including microscopes and
telescopes, twenty-five per cent, ad valorem.
276 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Pumps, iron, pitcher, spoat, cisteru, well, and force pumps, thirty-five
per cent, ad valorem.
Tin ciystals, twenty per cent, ad valorem.
Vaseline, and all similar preparations of petroleum for toilet, medi-
cinal, and other purposes, four cents per pound ; in bottles or other
packages not over one pound in weight each, six cents per pound.
Aniline dyes, not otherwise provided for, ten per cent, ad valorem.
a
ARTICLES ON WHICH THE TARIFF HAS BEEN REDUCED.
Fruits dried, currants, dates, &c., from twenty- five to twenty per cent,
ad valorem.
Sole and belting leather, and all upper leather, including kid, lamb,
sheep, buck, deer, elk, and antelope, tanned or dressed, colored or not
colored, calf, tanned or dressed, from fifteen to ten per cent, ad valorem.
Licorice root, part extract of, for manufacturing purpose, from twenty
to fifteen per cent, ad valorem.
Marble slabs, sawn on not more than two sides, from fifteen to ten
per cent, ad valorem.
Union collar cloth paper, from ten to five per cent, ad valorem.
Spices, from twenty to ten per cent, ad valorem.
Manufactured tobacco, from twenty-five to twenty cents per pound.
Turpentine, spirits of, frt)m twenty to ten per cent, ad valorem.
OTHER CHANGES.
The importer of cotton duck, used for sails of ships or fishing boats
or other vessels, shall be entitled to a drawback equal to the duty paid
thereon, less five per cent, of the value of the article, on furnishing proof
that the duck had been so used, under regulations to be made by the
minister of customs.
In the item, " Fruits in air-tight cans,'' after the words, " including
cans,'' strike out the words ** three cents per pound if sweetened, and
two cents per pound if not sweetened," and insert the words : " Weighing
not over one pound, three cents per can, and three cents additional per
can for each pound or fraction of a pound over one pound in weight."
All articles rated as iron or manufactures of iron shall be chargeable
with the same duty if imported as steel, or steel and iron combing, un-
less otherwise provided for.
Lubricating oils, composed wholly or in part of petroleum, and cost-
ing thirty cents per imperial gallon or over, twenty-five per cent, ad
valorem.
The same costing less than thirty cents per imperial gallon and seven
and one-fifth cents per imperial gallon.
All other lubricating oils, twenty per cent, ad valorem.
In the item ''Trunks, satchels, valises, &c," '^purses and pocket
books " are added.
Under the heading "Vegetables," strike out the words " tomatoes in
cans two cents per pound," and substitute the following in lieu thereof:
" Tomatoes and other vegetables, including corn in cans, weighing not
over one pound, two cents per can, and two cents additional per can
for each pound or fraction of a pound pver one pound in weight."
Under the heading '' Wools and woolens" in the first item, after the
words "Worsted yarns," strike out the words and figures "under num-
ber 30," and after the word "hosiery "and before the word "seven"
strike out the words " of every description," and insert the words " not
elsewhere specified."
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL. COUNTRIES. 277
In tlie second item concerning "clothing read}^ made,'^ after the
word "including'' and before the words "cloth caps'' insert the words
^* knitted goods, viz : socks and stockings."
After the item concerning " proprietary medicines," and before the
item concerning "prunella," insert the following: "All medicinal prep-
arations, whether chemical or otherwise, usually imported with tlie
name of the manufacturer, shall have the true name of such manu-
facturer and the place where they are prepared permanently and legibly
affixed to each parcel by stamp, label, or otherwise ; and all medicinal
preparations imported without such names so affixed shall be forfeited."
ADDITION TO FREE GOODS AND CHANGES.
Agates, rubies, pearls, sapphires, emeralds, garnets, and opals, not
polished uor otherwise manufactured.
Aniline dyes in bulk or packages of not less than one pound weight.
Mineral waters, natural.
Celluloid or hyolite in sheets, lumps, or blocks. •
Colors, dry, viz : blue-black, Chinese blue, Prussian blue, and raw
nmber. In pulp, viz : carmine, cologne, rose lakes, scarlet and maroon,
satin and fine-washed white, and ultramarine blue. Metallic colors,
viz: cobalt, zinc, and tin.
Diamond drills for prospecting for minerals.
Dye, jet black.
Kainite or German potash salts for fertilizers.
Lumber and timber, plank and boards, sawn, of box-wood, cherry,
walnut, chestnut, gum-wood, mahogany, pitch-pine, rosewood, sandal-
wood, Spanish cedar, oak, hickory, and white-wood, not shaped, planed,
or otherwise manufactured, and sawdust of the same: provided that
hickory lumber, sawn to shape for spokes of wheels, but not further
manufactured, shall be also free.
Settlers' effects, viz: wearing apparel, household furniture, profes
sional books, implements, and tools of trade, occupation, or employment,
which the settler has had in actual use for at least six months before
removal to Canada, musical instruments, domestic sewing machines,
live stock, carts and other vehicles, and agricultural implements in use
b3' the settler for at least one year before his removal to Canada, not to
include machinery, or articles imported for use in any manufacturing
establishment, or for sale: provided that any dutiable article entered as
settlers' effects cannot be so entered unless brought with the settler on
his first arrival, and shall not be sold.
The following goods are added to the list of free goods :
Asphaltum.
Books, bound, which shall have been printed more than seven years
at the date of importation, except that foreign reprints of English copy-
righted books shall be subject to the copyright duty.
Books printed by any Government, or by any scientific association
or other society now existing for the promotion of learning, and letters
issued in the course of their proceedings and not for the purpose of
trade.
Chronometers and compasses for ships.
Copper, in sheets.
Hatters' plush, of silk or cotton.
Iron and steel, old and scrap.
Iron beams, sheets or plates, and knees for iron or composite ships.
Iodine, crude.
Manuscripts.
278 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Marble in blocks, from the qaarry in the rough, or sawn on two sides
only, and not specially shapeu, containing fifteen cubic feet or over.
Newspaper, and quarterly, monthly, and semi-monthly magazines and
weekly literary papers, unbound.
Attar of roses.
Platinum wire.
Seeds, ani8e, coriander, fennel and fenugreek.
Spurs and stilts, used in the manufiEicture of earthenware.
Sausage skins or casings, not cleaned.
Valerian root.
Wire of brass or copper, round or flat.
Wire of iron or steel, galvanized or tinned, fifteen gange or smaller.
Wire of spring steei, coppered, for the manufacture of mattresses,
number nine gauge and smaller.
Strike out the item concerning ^^ Steel in ingots, bars, sheets and coils,
railway bars and fish plates," and insert the following :
Steel railway bars or rails, and fish plates, and in sheets for the man-
ufacture of saws.
The export of deer, wild turkeys, and quail in the carcass is prohibited.
PAUL LANGE,
ConsuL
Unitbd States Consulate,
Saint Stephen^ N'. B.j June 9, 1883.
THE CAVADIAN AND AMEEICAV TARIFFS.
RJEPOBT BY CONSUL PACE, OF PORT SABNIA, ON THE CANADIAN AND AMERICAN
TARIFFS AND THEIR EFFECT VPON TRADE AND MANUFACTURES.
THE CANADIAN TARIFF.
I have watched with much interest during the past few years what is
known in this country as the national policy, being in fact the system
of protective tariff inaugurated and carried into effect by Sir John A.
McDonald and the party which sustains him. During the very active
political campaign of 1877, the watchword of the conservative party was
protection to Canadian industries. The reform party then in power,
and under the able leadership of the Hon. Alexander McKenzie, took
direct issue with the conservatives on this point. The result was a
sweeping victory for Sir John and the party of protection. The time
selected by the conservative leader for the introduction of his new policy
could not have been better chosen, as it was during the great mone-
tary crisis, when the business of this country (and most other countries
of the globe) was suffering in the throes of commercial paralysis, the
industries of the Dominion were languishing, and expressions of discon-
tent were everywhere prevalent; but the decisive majorities which pro-
tection received at the polls must have surprised even the leaders of
the "policy.''
After election the reins of government were duly handed over to the
victors, and the defeated reform party became once more the party of
the opposition. It was confidently predicted that this party of protec-
tion, being on the question of tariff so decidedly anti-British in senti-
ment, could not long endure in Britain's chief colonial dependency, and
that the policy of Sir John would surely suffer defeat when it again
sought the suf&age of the electors; but in this the advocates of free
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 279^
trade, or low tariff, were mistaken. After a trial of four years it was-
foand that this system had given new life to Canadian indastries, and
that it had gained friends from the ranks of the opposition; and a new
election for members of Parliament which occurred this summer, only
expressed again the confidence of the Canadian people in a system which
protects la^r and its products. To say that Canada has not been
benefited by the policy of protection would be to ignore facts in the
outset.
At this i)oint is shipped, by tri-weekly line of steamers, the imple-
ments of agriculture and tools of trade which are destined to play an
important part in the development of Canada's great tiorthwestern
possessions. These products of the loom, the anvil, the furnace, the
field, the workshop, and the factory are all the products of Canadian
industry. Take away the tariff, and a more convenient market would
doubtless be found for the pioneers of the British territory ; but the
factories and workshops of Ontario, which are now crowded to their
fullest capacity, would have to close their doors and discharge their
artisans.
THE AMERICAN TARIFF.
Whilst upon the subject of tariff it may not be amiss to offer a few
thoughts upon our own tariff legislation, and especially in its relation to
the products of Canada. During the past year the price paid in Port
Sarnia for merchantable combing-wool in the fleece was from 17 to 22
cents per pound. During the same period of time (being the season
when farmers usually dispose of their wool crop) the same class of wool
found ready market in Port Huron, Mich., at from 36 to 42 cents per
ponnd. As only one mile intervenes between the two cities, and as the
American duties on this class of wool, together with entrance fees,
amount to only about 13 cents per pound, a number of Canadian farmers
in this vicinity took advantage of this difference in price between the
two countries, and sent their wool to the Port Huron market. The
advocates of a diluted tariff will argue that if the duty on wool should
be entirely removed, or reduced to but a fraction of the present rate,
that foreign competition would step in and reduce the price of this
product, and render much cheaper the price of clothing to the masses.
Upon this point I have again to offer some observations as a witness in
a number of instances.
These farmers from Canada, after having disposed of their wool in
Port Huron, actually invested the proceeds in American ready-made
clothing ; brought the same back to Canada, and paid on it a duty
aggregating about 27 per cent, ad valorem, and then claimed to have
made money by the transaction both ways.
Some years ago Congress deemed it wise to remove the duty on ani-
mus of sui>erior breed imported into the United States especially for
breeding purposes. At the time, this action of Congress met the hearty
approval of farmers and breeders everywhere, and I have no doubt but
this legislation had a tendency to stimulate to some extent the desire
on the part of the American farmer to improve the breed of his domes-
tic animals. Large numbers of horses, cattle, sheep, and swine were
purchased in Canada by American buyers for this purpose, and the
sale of breeding animals still continues to a very large extent. The
Canadian stock raiser was not slow in finding out that animals espe-
cially adapted for breeding purposes were in growing demand, whilst
thepHces of working horses, stoie cattle, and sheep, only merchantable
when consigned to the slaughter-house, the livery stable, or the plow^
280 TARIFFS OF THE SEVEKAL COUNTRIES.
had not advanced vei^' materially in price. The animal which had been
raised to the dignity of a breeder at once became much more valuable
to the Canadian stock-raiser, and as a consequence the price to the
American buyer was correspondingly advanced, in most cases fully 50
per cent.
Here we have another lesson from observation, and it teaches this:
Tbe only farmer who has been benefited by the abolition of the duty on
breeding animals is the Canadian farmer ; the mare which for ordinary
purposes he had sold for $100 he now finds to -be more valuable to the
American buyer, as, in consequence of her admission to free entry, the
purchaser for the American market can afford to pay at least an ad-
vance of 20 per cent., the sum which, under former tariff regulations,
he was called upon to pay as duty to the United States Government.
But the Canadian stock raiser does not stop at a mere advance of 20
per cent., but in most cases the value of breeding animals is advanced
50 per cent., and even more, and the transaction may be analyzed thus :
The Canadian farmer gets ^50 more than he would have received but
for the abolition of duty on the mare he sella ; the American buyer pays
$50 more than he would have paid had the duty been allowed to remain,
and the United States Government derives not a cent of customs reve-
nue from the importation.
I speak of the free importation of breeding animals, as in this case it
seemed to be the desire of Congress to remove, as much as possible,
what seemed to be a burden to the American stock-raiser, and to inspire
him with a desire to improve the breed of his animtils. In some degree,
as I have before intimated, he may have been encouraged to purchase
superior animals for breeding purposes, but the cost of these animals
has not been lessened to the American bu3'er by legislative enactment.
As in all other like acts of legislation, it has only enriched the foreign
producer at the expense of the American purchaser.
SAMUEL D. PACE,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Part Samiaj Ontario^ September 29, 1882.
protective policy.
the protective policy.
From the foregoing it will be perceived that the fiscal policy of Can-
ada is based on the same principles as that of the United States. That
it is avowedly so is conceded by tliose who framed and established it.
Canada is not so well situated politically or geographically as the United
States are for the development of native manufaetories. This seems to
be illustrated by the fact that while frequent attempts to establish large
manufacturing concerns have been made in the province in Quebec,
they have failed to retain the native population in the country ; while
the manufacturing towns of the Eastern States are full of French Cana-
dians, who there Snd employment in the mills and factories. Perhaps
this may be accounted for by the rates of wages, which are higher in
the United States than in the Dominion, while the cost of living is no
greater. In order, therefore, for Canadian manufacturers to compete
successfully with the United States, wages must be increased; because
the hands will not work at home for less than they can get by going a
day's journey. Besides, steady employment is not always to be had
TARIFFS OF THE SFVERAL COUNTRIES. 281
on this side of the line. The superior advantages and better opportu-
nities to be found iu the United States must continue to attract the young
men of the Dominion to seek their fortunes by emigration. That it will
be many years before this condition of affairs will change is evident;
and not until the United States is much more densely populated, and
the struggle for existence consequently intensified, will Canada be,ii:in to
rise to that measure of prosperity, of which its vast resources undoubt-
edly contain both the promise and the potency. At the same time it
must not be forgotten that the relations of the two countries are so
intimate that prosperity in the one is surely reflected in the other.
It is a fact that cannot be gainsaid that the people of the Dominion are
at this moment beneficially sharing the good times which have reap-
peared within the past two years in the United States.
EFFECTS OF THE TAEIFF.
CANADIAN TARIFF AND EMIGRATION.
The commercial agent at Ottawa writes as follows concerning the
effect of the tariff on American trade with Canada, and emigration
therefrom to the United States:
Owing to the operation of the new protective tariff, the imports of manofactares from
the United States have fallen below any preceding year for a long period. The principal
articles however, is anthracite coal ; and this shows an increase from 10,000 tons brought
in the last year to 14.000 tons in the present year. The duty of 60 cents a ton has there-
fore failedto affect the grade, it having been found imx>086ibleto force Novia Scotia coal
as far west as this point, to compete with the American market. On the other hand
the trade iu American refined sugar seems to have been completely killed by the tariff.
Before the present tariff came into operation nearly all the sugar used here came from
the United States, but now the trade is monopolized by two relineries at Montreal,
which enjoy a protection that effectually shuts out all foreign competition.
The tea trade is also very much cut off from the United States by the law which
S laced a discriminating duty on all teas that do not come in unbroken cargoes to Cana-
ian porta.
AMEBICAV DUTIES AND CANADIAN EXP0ET8.
REPORT BY CONSUL BLODOETT, OF PRE800TT.
1 notice by the press that there may be a modification in the tariff on
hay. Will it be in order for a consul placed where a large amount of
this article is exported to say a word on this subject!
There is hardly an exportation the real value of which is more varia-
ble, and none where it is more difficult to arrive at this value, owing to
different qualities and prices in different localities.
If a change is to be made, I would suggest a specific duty as better
for the Government and exporter. 1 believe better faith is kept with
the Government in exporting merchandise carrying a 8i>ecific duty than
ad valorem.
While on this subject of specific duties, I would like to say a word
about hop poles, railroad ties, telegraph poles, fence posts, eggs, and
iron ore. 1 am told that exporters of hop poles are protesting against
the present duty, but they purchase with their eyes open, and every
dollar they may recover from the Government is so much put in their
pockets iu profits.
Another thing is as certain — the moment the tariff is taken off hop
|)ole8, that moment they go up in price here just the amount of the
present duty. It is so with all exportations. Butter pays 4 cents per
pound duty. It is 5^ to 6 cents less in price here than in American
282 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
towns on the frontier. Potatoes pay 16 cents per bushel duty. They
are 18 to 22 cents per bushel lower here than on the frontier aci*oss the
Saiut Lawrence.
Eailroad ties are clearly a manufactured article, finished on both sides
and in length for immediate use, yet they go into the United States free^
as do al80 telegraph poles and cedar and other fence posts.
Iron ore pays a duty of 20 per cent., but up to last year was en-
tered at all sorts of prices. The shipments will be large the coming
season.
Eggs enter largely into the exports of this consulate. During the
year ending June 30, 1881, the declared export of eggs from this consu-
late amounted to $280,000.* Taking in the amount exported in lots of
less than $100 in value, would bring the amount for the year over
$300,000. A duty of 1 cent per dozen on eggs imported into the cus-
toms districts of Oswegatchie and Champlain, N. Y., and the district of
Vermont, would pay the entire expenses of those collection districts,
and this without increasing the value or price of eggs to the consumer
in the United States.
I have looked this matter over carefully, and give suggestions as they
have occurred to me for specific duties on the following articles :
Hay (if the tariff is changed), $1 per ton of 2,000 pounds.
Straw (now tree), $1 per ton of 2,000 pounds.
Eailroad ties (now free), 4 cents each.
Telegraph poles (now free), 6 cents each.
Hop poles (now 20 per cent.), i cent each.
Fence posts (now free), 2 cents each.
Eggs (now free), 1 cent per dozen.
Iron ore, 80 cents per ton of 2,240 pounds.
I take it to be one of the prime duties of a consul to become convers-
ant with these matters, and lay them before his Government, and I feel
more willing to this from the fact that the Government of the Domin-
ion loses no opportunity of discriminating sharply against us, and tax-
ing our goods at every turn, and I feel sure that for the reasons stated
in regard to butter and potatoes, the consumer in America wouhl not
find the price of any of the exportations increased appreciably.
SANFOED S. BLODGETT,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Preacott, March 15, 1882.
EXPORT DUTIES OF CANADA.
REPORT BT MR. STEARNS.
I have the honor to state in reply to your circular under date of Feb-
ruary 15, 1883, requesting a list of export duties, that I am informed
by the collector of customs at this port that the following is a list of
the export duties levied by the Government of Canada, and the arti-
cles upon which they are levied :
Shingle bolts, per cord, 128 cubic feet, $1.
Spruce logs, per M feet, $1.
Pine logs, per M feet, $1.
SEAE6BNT P. STEAENS,
ConsutrOeneral.
United States Consulate-General,
Montreal^ April 6, 1883.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 283
MEXICO.
TAEUT LAWS OF MEXICO.
BBrORT ON THE TARIFF LA W8 AND BATES OF DUTY OF MEXICO IN FOBOE MABOB
1, 1882.
[Translated and arranged by Consul Sntton, of Matamoros.]
INTRODUCTORY NOTE.
The following trandlation is taken from the law of November 8, 1880,
which was intended to place all laws and regulations concerning the
tariff in one book.
The copies used in translating were those edited by Emiliano Busto,
and published by Aguilar & Sons, Mexico, 1880, and that of the Diario
Comercial, Vera Cruz, J. Ledesma, 1881.
On November 1 to 15, 1881, the tax on gross weight, which practically
abolished the free list, took effect.
To this date no new tariff book containing the changes made by that
law has been published, and it was found necessary to go through the
book, making the additions in pencil.
These additions are, in each case, those given in columns headed
" Duty for each 100 kilograms gross.''
To enable any question as to translation or duty to be readily settled
by reference to the Mexican original, I have given in the left-hand mar-
gin, to the right of the consecutive numbers and in brackets, the num-
bers of the articles in the Arancel of November 8, 1880.
From necessity the metric system is followed, but the American
equivalent is given in a foot note.
In some cases it has been found very difficult to obtain an English
equivalent for articles in the Arancel. Where there has seemed to be
a doubt the Spanish original has been given in italics.
In other cases several English equivalents of the Spanish original are
given.
The important circulars issued since the publication of the Arancel
are given in Appendix A.
Other aelaraciones or explanations have been introduced in the
proper alphabetical place.
To enable merchants to understand more fully the forms referred to
in the text, these, eleven in number, are given in Appendix B, first the
English translation and afterwards the originals in Spanish.
Following these forms in Appendix B are four brief notes and refer-
ences to various reports bearing upon this work. A table of contents
will be found at the end.
WARNER P. SUTTON,
OomuL
United States Consulate,
Matamoros, March 22, 1882.
284 TAKIPPS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
CORRECTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING REPORT BY CONSUL-GENERAL
SUTTON
[Sent in after the regular schedule was in type.]
SUPPLEMEirrS TO THE MEXICAN TARIFF.
SUPPLEMENT No. 1.
CORJRECTING FOREGOING REPORT.
On March 22 I inclosed with my dispatch No. 234 a translation of all
tariff laws, &c., in force in Mexico. March 1, 1882, 1 took particular
pains to get, on three occasions, a declaration from this custom-house
that I hjwl each and every law in force.
Since that date, about 5th instant, learn of new law laying tax of 2
per cent, on import duties and an additional tax on vessels. Said law*
was published June 1, 1881, and took effect November 16, 1881, but this
custom-house had no knowledge of it until about April 5, instant.
I have borrowed and copied the law from the Diario Oficial, and in-
close translation of same with an explanatory note.
Also send a note to be introduced after the introductory note in my
translation sent with my No. 234 :
SuggettUms as to references; provieiona of the law, — ^This cnstom-hoase now enforcing
collection for all importations made from November to April. Merchants will protest
grounds.
Am greatly annoyed that so remarkable a mistake on the part of this
custom-house should make the translation lately sent incomplete, but I
took every precaution to prevent such an occurrence.
Beferring to my dispatch No. 234, dated March 22, 1882, 1 have the
honor to report a very extraordinary circumstance.
With that dispatch I inclosed a translation of the tariff laws and
rates of duty in Mexico in force March 1, 1882.
In the preparation of the translation I used two copies of the "Ar-
ancel" of 1880, similar to those in use in this custom-house. I also ob-
tained frpm this custom-house all circulars, laws, and aclaraciones Ex-
planations, sent to that office since the publication of the "Arancel.^
On three several occasions Mr. Guailalupe Fernandez, the auditor
(second officer) of the custom-house, distinctly assured me that I had
every law, circular, or explanation then in force.
As I was unable to purchase these circulars, Mr. Fernandez kindly
gave me two (another of the three I borrowed), with my only copy of
the Arancel, all of which I mailed to the Department, and advised you
thereof in my dispatch No. 237, dated March 30, 1882.
Early in this month I was inquired of by a broker of this city if I
knew anything as to a new tax of 2 per cent, on duties. I said that I
did not : but by inquiry at the custom-house learned that they had lately
been called to account by the treasury department in Mexico for not
collecting the duty.
It seems from whi\t Mr. Fernandez, above named, informs me, that
the law was published last May. It did not emanate from the treasury
department, but from that of public works, colonization, &c., and was
overlooked by the customs authorities, who are not supposed to be
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 285
sabordinate to that office. They never received any notification as to
it until they were reproved for not collecting it.
I have at length succeeded in borrowing a copy of the Diario Oflcial
containing the law, and made a copy thereof, a translation of which, with
an explanatory note, is inclosed herewith.
It is very important that these should be incorporated with my trans-
lation, and the Department will be able to determine how they should
be added.
It seems to be a most remarkable circumstance that such a law passed
nearly one year ago, and ])nblished in the Diario Oficial of June 1, 1881,
should not be known or enforced in the third custom-house of the re-
public. The law itself does not state when it shall take effect, but I am
informed by Mr. Auditor Fernandez that they have been instructed that
it took effect the ICth day of November last. I am also informed by
him that this 2 per cent, is only collected on the regular duty, and not
in any case on that S))ecified in the translation sent by me as '^ duty on
100 kilograms, gross,^ whether the same be in the so-called free list or
in the regular tariff list.
I understand, also, from the law that this duty is not collectible at
frontier or non-maritime customhouses.
Immediately on receipt of the information as to this law, this custom-
house made out bills and sent them to the brokers and merchants in
this city, who import goods, for the 2 per cent, on all importations made
by them since November 16 last, up to that date, say April 6, instant.
The bills aggregate over $10,000 and this custom-house proposes to en-
force the payment thereof by arbitrary process. This will be resisted
or protested against by those interested, but whether to any result or
not, cannot now be told. The grounds on which they propose, to appeal
or protest against the payment are —
1. That they have in good faith paid all duties of which they had any
knowledge since November 16 last, up to April, 1883; that had other
duties been required by the custom-house people they would have paid
the same at the proper time ; that as brokers they have received their
pay for importing goods for others and cannot now at this date collect
2 per cent, on all duties paid by them for others since last November ;
that as merchants they have sold the goods received at certain prices
which were made without considering this additional duty.
The brokers, in addition, may state that of two firms, one of which was
a large importer, one has been closed and the owner returned to Spain,
while the other has gone into bankruptcy, and they cannot realize from
them the extra amount required by the additional tax.
2. That this is not a maritime customhouse and that all the goods on
which this maritime tax is sought to be levied have been received by
flat boats from Brownsville, Texas. That as this is a> frontier and mari-
time customhouse all goods coming via Bagdad should pay, and those
coming via Brownsville and the fiat-boats should not pay this extra
duty for harbors.
.3. That as this is a port in the Zona Libre, and that as the law of the
Zona distinctly states that the duties provided thereby are the only
import duties which shall be imposed, this 2 per cent, duty should not
be collected in this port when goods are imported even if via Bagdad,
but only when internated.
Of course it is a source of great annoyance to me that I should have
put so much time, expense, and labor on my translation, and have sent
it off thinking it entirely full and correct, only to learn now of another
286 TABIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
law to be added. I assure joa, sir, that I took every possible care that
such a thing should not occur, and as previously stated, went three
several times to the custom-house to inquire if I had each and every
law then in force. The ignorance of this custom-house is the only cause
therefor, and all the reasons they have therefor is that it was published
as coming from another department, and that they had never noticed
it or received official notification thereof.
WARNER P. SUTTON,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Matamoro8y April 10, 1882.
I Inoloaure in Supplement No. 1.)
Office of thb Skcrktary of State for Pubuc Works, Colonization, Industbt,
AND Commerce of the Mexican Rbpubuc, Section 3.
The President of the Republic has been pleased to address me the following decree:
Manuel Gonzales, constitutional President of the United States, to its inhabitants,
know:
That the Congress of the Union has deemed proper to decree the following :
The Congress of the United Mexican States decrees :
Article 1. The Executive of the Union is authorized to contract with individuals
or companies for the construction of necessary works for bettering the maritime service
of the ports of the Gulf and of the Pacific.
Art. 2. He is also authorized to concede to individuals or companies the construc-
tion for a limited time of wharves and railroads for the use of same, of warehouses
and machinery for the loading and unloading of goods, allowing to the contractors,
according to the circumstances of each case, the coUection of a moderate compensation
for the time the concession lasts.
Art. 3. In the contracts for the construction of the works in the ports tho Execu-
tive shall exact the guarantees that insure the good conditions of execution of the
work and its completion, and can offer bounty to the contractors in the event the
works are concluded in less time than that stipulated.
Art. 4. To cover the expenses retjuired by the works in tho ports, whether con-
structed by contracts or by the administration, and in addition to the sums that may
be voted yearly for the same object, the following duties are established in the budget
of expenditures :
A. Foreign goods introduced in any port of the republic, whether of the Gulf or
Pacific, shall pay an additional two per cent, on all the import duties to which they
are subjected in accordance with the maritime and frontier customs ' tariff now in
force.
B. National and foreign steam and sail vessels arriving at any of the ports of the
republic, with or without cargo, excepting only such as enjoy privileges from con-
tracts celebrated previous to tuis law, shall pay in addition to the established port
charges five cents for every ton of register, except those that from stress of weather
or damages shonld put into the port in distress.
C. In all ports where the depth of water has been augmented, ingoing and out-
going ships shall pay a duty of $1 for every dianietro (decimeter 1) obtained on the^
depth existing previous to the commencement of the works.
Art. 5. The duty referred to by fraction A shall be paid by the importers of the
merchandise assessed. Those established by fractions B and C shall be paid by the
consignees of the vessels for account of said vessels.
Art. 6. The contributions imposed by this law shall form a part of the federal rents,
and shall be administered by the secretary of the treasury and respective officers.
The executive shall preferably apply the proceeds to the improvement of the har-
bors of the republic, endeavoring to disburse in each of the ports the proceeds of the
TABIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 287
eontribntion collected therein, besides the Bums wbich may be decreed in the badgot
of expenditures for the same object.
iQKACio Cejudo, Frtisident of the House oflHpuiadoa.
Juan Crihdstomo Bonilla, Preeident of the Senate,
Emeterio db la Gauza, Secretary of House of Diputadoa.
Fbancisco G. Hornedo, Secretary of the Senate,
Therefore, I command that this be printed, published, circulated, and duly com-
plied with.
Given in the palace of the executive power of the Union in Mexico on the 28th day
of May, 1881.
MANUEL GONZALES.
To the citizen Manuel Fernandez^ chief clerk of the department of state for the
office of public works, colonization, industry, and commerce, and I communicate it to
you for your knowledge and corresponding compliance.
Liberty in the constitution.
Mexico, May 28, 1881.
M. FERNANDEZ,
Chief Official.
To the .
SUPPLEMENT No. 2.
GOODS FREE OF DUTY.
By the orders of the President of Mexico the following changes in the
tariff were made pablic in the Diario Oficial of May 29, 1882 :
The following articles will be free of the weight duties imposed by
the laws of 31st May and 25th June, 1881 :
A. Plows and their shares ; mast«, yards, round timbers, and anchors
for vessels; quicksilver; live animals; bricksandroof tiles, all classes;
refractory earth; wood, ordinary, for construction; seeds of cotton,
tobacco, coffee, and sugar-cane ; slates for roofs ; vaccine pus.
B. All effects, armament and material of war, &c., that the Federal
Executive may purchase in foreign countries for the different branches
of the public service in his immediate dependence, shall not cause any
duty on their importation.
(The above clauses will go into effect on July 1, 1882.)
V. From the 1st day of November, 1882, silver and gold, coined, in
bullion, mineral powder, stone, or under whatever other form, will be
free of duties in their interior circulation and for their exportation from
the ii?public.
To substitute the duties that are suppressed by this fraction shall be
augmented from the same date an additional duty of 2 per cent, over
those fixed by the tariff for the importation of foreign effects, in the
mean time (until November 1, 1882) collecting the duties on exports of
silver and gold conformably to the existing laws in the present fiscal
year.
VI. From November 1, 1882, precious metals shall pay a duty of one-
half per cent, on the value of the silver and of one-fourth per cent, on
the value of the gold, determining their values by their respective laws.
The Executive will determine the time and form in which it shall be
comprehended.
VII. Export duties on orchil, $10 per ton of 1,000 kilograms.
VIII. Export duties on works for construction and for cabinet work,
288 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
$2.50 for one cubic meter, and conformably to the provisions of the tariff
of November 8, 1880.
These changes will greatly relieve commerce in the articles mentioned.
The bulk duty on live animals (except geldings), plows, and plowshares,
masts, &c., quicksilver, bricks, &c., and woods, is 50 cents the 100 kilo-
grams, which on live animals and woods is particularly heavy.
The repeal of the export duty on silver and gold will afford great re-
lief to financial transactions in all parts of the republic.
This has been the most annoying law in the whole tariff. Its repeal
is accompanied by an augmentation of the regular import duties of 2
per cent. ; but while this will doubtless bring into the treasury more
revenue than the export duty of 5 per cent, on silver, and 12 per cent,
on gold, yet the change will be thankfully received by business men.
Fraction VI says that a duty of one-half per cent, on silver and one-
quarter per cent, on gold will be collected, and that the time and man-
ner of carrying it into effect will be determined by the Executive.
This is rather obscure, but I presume that it is intended to be a tax
on production.
It will be noted that the repeal of the weight duty takes effect July 1
next, and that that repealing the export duty on silver and gold and
substantiating an additional two per cent, on all importations takes
effect on November 1 next.
WARNER P. SUTTON,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
MixtamaroSj June 16, 1882.
TARIFF LAWS AND RATES OF DUTY OF MEXICO, IN FORCE MARCH
1, 1882.
Chapter I.
GENERAL TRAFFIC.
Article 1. Merchant ships of whatever nation can carry on commerce through the
poi-ts of the republic qualified for commerce of the high seas. Equally the nations
can carry it on on the frontiers, through the frontier custom-houses.
Art. 2. I. During the time that any nation is at war with the United States or
Mexico the franchise referred to in the preceding article will remain suspended in re-
spect to that nation.
II. A special decree will opportunely declare this interdiction.
Chapter II.
COMMERCE OF THE HIGH 8EAS.
Art. 3. Foreign ships that carry merchandise for the republic can only discharge
in those ports qualified for the commerce of the high seas.
Art. 4.* In case that any port opened for the commerce of the high seas be occupied
by forces or authorities that would not obey the Federal Government, it would remain
closed for foreign commerce, as also for that of the seaport and coasting trade, and no
document, proceeding from those found withdrawn from obedience to the Govern-
ment, will be admitted by the seaports or frontier custom-houses, nor will any dis-
patch be authorized for the same while they do not return to their normal state.
Art. 5. I. Foreign trading vessels and tne merchandise that they carry, also their
captains, supercargoes, and crews, will be subject to the regulations in this t>ariff law,
TARl]*TS OF TH£ SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 289
to the payment of the duties it fixes, to the penalties it establishes, and to all disposi-
tions t nat eovern at the time of their arrival.
U. VesaeiB will be conJbidered as having arrived on entering the territorial waters
of the republic.
III. The fitters out and captains of foreign vessels destined to load animals and
wood in ports of the republic will be permitted to dispatch at ports of coasting trnr'e
without touching at those of commerce of the high seas, being in all other respects
subject to the preventions of this tariff law.
Art. 6. Foreign merchant vessels shall pay as port duties those of tonnage, pilot-
ace, and light- house, on the following terms :
I. Sail vessels that bring merchandise^ that is not stone coal, shall pay :
A. For every ton's weight they measure, $1. The gauging of vessels for determiuing
their tonnage will be practiced according to the regulations establlBhed by the secre-
tary of war.
B. The pilotage dutv will be paid into the captaincy of the port, according to the
regulations established by the secretary of war.
C. The light-house duty, wherever it may be, shall be |25 for entrance and de-
jMirtnre.
II. Steam vessels, even when they come loaded with merchandise, will be excepted
from the tonnage duty, but they shall pay :
A. For light-house duty, wherever it may be, when they carry merchandise upon
entrance, $100.
B. Upon departure after having discharged, $100.
Steam vessels that come with merchandise destined for one or more ports of the re-
public shall pay this duty only once, and, paid in the first one where there is a light-
nonse, it will not be required in the others where they go to discharge the remainder
of the merchandise which they carry, providing by the respective certificate that ac-
credits the payment, and the custom-house that receives it, taking care to advise
ofiQcially the other port^ to which the vessel is directed.
III. Sail vessels that come with coal only will be exempt from the payment of
the tonnage duty and only subject to that of light-house, wherever it may be, and
to that of pilotage.
IV. In case that sail vessels bring coal and merchandise, they will only be excepted
from the payment of tonnage duty on that part which is occupied by the coal.
V. Sail vessels that come destined for two or more ports of the republic shall pay
in the first at which they arrive their entire tonoage duty, the custom-house giving
them a certificate so that it may not be demanded in the others.
VI. Vessels, after having discharged the merchandise they may have brought into
any i>ort of the republic, and go to load dye-woods or other national productions at one
or more Mexican ports, shall not pay in this duty of light-house and tonnage, pro-
vided that they be accredited with having satisfied said duties at the port where
the3* discharged their effects, having to pay only that of pilotage.
Art. 7. Steam vessels or sail vessels dispatched in balla«t and coming directly to any
IK>rt of the republic shall not pay tonnage or light-house duties.
Art. 8. Vessels that come with the sole object of receiving or conducting passengers,
mails, metals, dye-woods, or other national products, can arrive at all the ports of
the republic qualified to the commerce of the high seas without tonnage duties.
Art. 9. Foreign ships can come freely to the ports of the republic to winter, to water,
to obtain fresh provisions or to repair damages without the payment of tonnage or
any other duties, but subject to the vigilance and inspection that the collectors of the
porta believe necessary to exercise and practice upon them.
Art. 10. Vessels of war, whatever be their nationality, are excepted from the pay-
ment of all the duties hereinbefore referred to.
Art. II. National vessels, transacting commerce of the high seas, are subject to
the payment of tonnaee, light-house, and pilot duties, in the terms that are arranged
in the preceding articles.
Chapter III.
COASTma TRADE.
Art. 12. I. The coasting trade cannot be carried on by other than national vessels in
the ports of Tampico, Tuxpan, Vera Cruz, Goatza, Coalcos, Frontera, Isla del Car-
men, Campeche, Progreso, and all intermediate points.
II. Said traffic will be permitted to foreign vessels, sail or steam, in all other ports
when national vessels (lighters?) meet them near to a port, and have not a register
opened for the same coast points to which the foreign vessels are directed.
III. Foreign steam or sail vessels are permitted to carry coin of gold or silver from
one port to another of the republic, receiving from the custom-house the necessary
1784 CONG — A P 19
290 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
permit, npon which will be noted the date for the presentation of the return permit;
showing in the guarantee, which hat» to be made, that the time having passed for
presenting such return permit, the duties will be made effective, corresponding to
the amount sent, without further recourse.
IV. Foreign vessels are permitted, after having concluded the discharge of their
^sargo in the port or ports to which they may have come destined, to be employed in
oonveving mail or passengers, without admittio^ more than the equipa^ge of the lat-
ter; they can pass from one port to another, which are qualified for foreign commerce
or that of coast trade, without pacing tonnage duties, having to carry in all cases
besides the list of passenoers, equipments, provisions, and baggage, the certiiicateA
that accredit them with havioi^ fulfilled their obligations in the port of departure,
which documents they will exhibit to the employ^ of the custom-house when coming
to anchor.
Art. 13. I. National sail or steam vessels, as soon as they complete the discharge of
the foreign goods which thev briog to any Mexican port, can load in the same port
national goods, even when they contain merchandise destined for other ports.
II. National vessels pursuing the coasting trade shall not pay port duites, excepting
pilotage when they ask it.
Chapter IV.
diving and fishing.
Art. 14. I. The zone of pearl fishery in the coast waters of Lower Califomia shall be
divi(l<'<l into four sections, whose limits are defined in the regulations of this tarift' law.
II. Diving for shell and pearls may be done alternately every two years in only one
of these sections. Tbe extraction of the young (or growing) shell will not be per-
mitted under any circumstances.
Infractions of this article will incur a fine of from $100 to $r)00.
III. Fishing in the the territorial waters of tho republic and the advantages of all
maritime products on its coast are free to all vessels that arrive at them, always sub-
ject to the preventions regulated by this tariff law.
Chapter V.
ABOUTION OF PROHIBITIONS.
Art. 15. I. The importation of all classes of foreign merchandise to the territory of
the reymblic is permitted. Those compiehcuded in the taritt' of article 18 of this
tariff* law shall pay* one duty only according to the raies that are established in it;
those not comprehended in said tariff shall pay* 55 per cent, upon appraised value,
in confonnity with the provisions of article 21, in consequence of which all prohibition
of importing foreign effects into the republic is abolished.
II. For the importation through maritime and frontier custom-houses of caps (used
for war purposes) the written authorization of tbe Secretary of War will l>e an essen-
tial and prior requisite.
In default of said requisite the collectors of customs shall declare the confiscation
of said goods, and shall deliver to the local military authority the caps (used for war
purposes) that they seize.
III. Those denouncing fraudulent importations of above-mentioned caps shall be
recompensed with one-third part of the value of the goods seized, which payment will
be verified by the corresponding officer, previously being ordered by the Secretary of
War, transmitted through the Secretary of the Treasury.
* See Appendix B.
TABIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTRIES.
291
Chapter VI.
FREE OF DUTIES.
(Soe appendix to this report showing the latest changes in Mexican tariff.)
Art. 1G. The following articles are admitted free of duty (except as stated at right-
hand margin :)
s
Artidea.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
n
ii:
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
2'>
26
V I
28
41
11
[61
[HI
10 [r^l
30
10
13
[in]
41>
41
20
19
37
21
[32j
40
24
23
r,\
Jfe
?9
r4r.]
30
f'»
31
41
32
-•9
33
[13
34
>-
33
[13J
30
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
2.'
j33
rr.-,
14
43
[7
[41]
48 [42]
50
61
[43]
(Si
Alabaster, Id balk
Armament for the States, when requested of the President by the govemors with
consent of re8T>ectiTe legislatures
Anchors. (See Masts, No. 46.)
Animals of all classes, living or prepared for cabinets of natural history, ezoept
^eldinfia
Anvils (ased by silTsrsmiths)
Anvils
ISara of steel for mines, ronnd or octagonal, from fonr to six centimeters* in di-
araeti'rand from 75 to 175 centimeters in length
Barrows and trucks of hand of one or two wheels
Beams, small, of iron, for roofs always that cannot be made use of for other ol^eots
in which iron is employed
Books, printed with or withontptoin binding, with the exception of those speci-
fied in article 18 in this tariff.
Bricks and refractory earth
Brimstone. (Se*^ Salphnr, No. 88.)
Cane-knives. (See Ilocs No. 35.)
Cars. (See Coaches, No. 18.)
Cabinntsof ancient coins and models of all kinds
Charts. (Se« Maps, No. 47.)
Coal, of ail classes
CoacheHaod curt* for railway
Co.il of arms. (See Type, Na 37).
(;o]l*Htions, mineral, gt* otogiial and all branches of natural history
Corn-meal and the hand-mills fur making it
C rn
Crucibles, melting pots of all materials and sizes
Designs and mo<lol.s of machines, edifices, monuments, and ships
Destrozot del caehaloU (pieces of whale)
Dry feed, straw
Dynamitic (See Powder, No. 63)
FruiiH and vegetables, fresh, with the exception of those specified in this tariff
l^yjr ,.. ....... . • .. .....•..•••.•••..•..••••....••........
Fa.se. (See wicks. No! 99.)
Geldings. (See Animalis No. 4.)
Globes. (See Maps, No. 47.)
Gnano ".
Harrows. (See Hoes, No. 35.)
Heading. (See Staves, No. 84.)
Hr>es (heavy), ran<vknivefi, scythes, sickles, harrows, rakes, shovels, pickaxes,
spades, hoea. and muttovks lor agriculture ,
Houses of wood and iron, complete
Ic<i
Instruments, for the sciences
Ink, print«»r8' ,
Iron or steel wire, for carding, from No. 26 up
Iron and ' teel, wrought, in rails for railways
Iron beams. (See Beams, Na 9.)
LUho^ruphio stones
Lime, hydraulic
Locnraotiv* s. (See Machinery, No. 43.)
Masts, Hpiirs, and anchors for voftsels, large or small
Maps, geographical, topographical, nautical chuts and globes, terrestrial and
relestial
I. Machines and apparatus of all classes for hidustrial, a^cultural, and mining
parT»oHes, scicnci-s and arts, and their separate extra parts and pieces
IT. The sopamto parts of machinery and apparatus that come united or separately
are include*! in this exemption, not comprehending in this tho bands ot leather
or rubber that serve to communicate movement when not imported at the same
time with the machinery to which they are adapted.
III. The articles th it can he made use of separately from the machinery or ap-
paratus, as pig, hoop, nail, bar-iron, oils, cloths of wool, and other materials,
cnri'd or uururtd Hkius, even when they come with tne machinery, will be
subject to tht^ payment of duties according to this tu'iff law.
Macbin«-3 of st am lotomotives, iron or wooden ties, or other utensils for the
c«nrttiuct'on of railways
Marble, in bulk or in blocks, for pavements of all dimensions
Mattocks. (See Hoes, No. 35.)
* Centimeter =.3937 of an inch.
$0 60
60
60
60
60
60
60
00
60
100
Freeu
Freow
76
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
100
80
60
60
60
60
60
100
80
«
292
TARIFFS OP THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
Fret o/dtt<sr~Continued.
52
[461
58
241
54
471
55
48
96
57
57
58
i?
60
47
60
15
61
18'
62
18
63
i56
64
52]
65
66 [
151
!I J?]
68
60
70
71
72
78
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
13
64
27
36
r37
58
rsQ
13
52
13
ri3
54
31
37
ri3
84 [25
85 [3
86
[27
87
60
88
[10
80
(2
90
[161
01
17
02
03
03
37
04 ^
56
95
28
06
37
9'/
26]
08 [15]
00 [45]
100 [2*
101 [3
102 [35
108 [38
104 139
Articles.
Metals, preoions, in bnllion or in i>owder
Models. (See Designs, No. 24.)
Molds and patterns for the arts .*
Monev, legal, of silver or gold, from all nations
Oars for small vessels
Oats, in grain or straw
Objects of natural history for museoms and cabinets ^
Patterns. (See Molds. No. 54.)
Pipes. (See Water-pipes, Na 08.)
Pickaxes. (See Hoes, No. 85.)
Poto. (See Crucibles, No. 23.)
Powder, common, for mines, and dynamite for same ol^eot
I. Plants and seeds for the improvement of agricclture in quantities not exceed-
ing 115 kilograms of each Kind of seeds
IL In order that seeds may be comprehended in this exemption, it will be neces-
sary to specify in the respective consular invoices that tiiey are imported
for the improvement of agriculture.
Plows and plowshares
Pumps for fire and common pumps of all classes and materials for irrigation and
other purposes ,
§aicksifver
akes. (See Hoes, No. 35. )
Rags or cloth of all kinds for fabrication of paper
Kails. (See Iron. No. 41.)
Refractory earth. (See Bricks, Na 11.)
Rules. (See Typo, No. 03. )
Salt, common, that is introduced through the Paso del Norte
Saltpeter '.
Scythes. (See Hoes, No. 35.)
Seeds. (See Plants, No. 64.)
Shovels. (See Hoes, No. 35.)
Sickles. (See Hoes, No. 35.)
Slates for roofs and pavements
Soda, hyposulphate of
Spaces. (See Type, No. 93.)
Spades. (See Hof«, No. 85.)
Spars.- (See Masts, No. 46.)
Staves and heading for barrels
Steel. (See Iron, No. 40.)
Steel. (See Iron, No. 41.)
Snlphat e of copper :
Sulphur, brimstone
Telegraph wire, the destination of which will be proven by the parties interested
at beaport cubtum-houses
Teasds of wire, mounted on bands for machinery or vegetable teasels /
Trucks. (See Barrows, No. 8.)
Type, of wood and other utensils for lithography
Type, coats of arms, spaces, rules, vignettes, and type for printing of all kinds
Vaccine virus :
Vegetables. (See Fruit, No. 28.)
Vignettes. (See Type, No. 93.)
Vessels, of all classes and forms, in their naturalisation or sal^, or in their Intro-
duction to navigate the bays, lakes, canals, or rivers of the republic
Water-pipes of idl classes, materials, and dimensions, not considering compre-
hended in this exemption tubes of copper or other metal that do not come sol-
dered or closed with (team or riveting in all their length, which will remain
subject to thepa3rment of duties acconiing to their material
Wick and fuse for mines
Wire. (See Telegraph wire. No. 80.)
Wire. (See Iron, No. 40.)
Wood
Wood, of box
Wood, ordinary, for construction
Sewing-machines with their separate parts and pieces
Free.
$0 50
Free.
50
50
50
50
60
60
50
50
60
Free.
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
50
60
50
50
50
50
60
1 00
Art. 17. The execntive of the nnion can dispense with the duties of importation
to the sum of $100, on objects introduced into the Federal States for the purpose of
favoring tho better materials and to the aid of public beneficence.
Chapter VII.
DUTIABLE IMPORTS.
Art. 16. All foreign merchandise, fruits and effects that are imported in this re-
public at the qualified ports of commerce (da aliwra) of the high seas, or by its frontier
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
293
cnstom-honses, with the exception of those sx>eoified in article 16 of this tariff law,
shall pay the daties expressed by the following tariff:
Niunbers.
2
3
4
5
IS]
[18]
ri»i
6 1835]
7
8 [42]
« [M]
10 [561
11 [61]
12
13 79
H
78
64
15 [115
16 [69]
17 [644]
]g [93]
19
19* [165
20 [09
21
22 [109]
23 [110]
24 [HI]
25
26 [123]
27
28
29
30
502
395
*802
803
31 [349]
32 [349
33 [2G0
34 [166
35 [157]
36 [156]
37 [150]
38 [160]
Artioles.
Absinthe, mode tnm oane or other material, not speoi-)
fled, ana in bottles and demUohna, without allowance^
for breakage or leakafte, net weight }
Aooordeons and armonicaa, gross weight
Acetates, of all classes, net weighty inclading in thia
that of the inner package
AOids:
Of all substances, gaseous or liquid, net weight, in-
cluding in this that of the inner package
In crystal or powder, net weight, including in this
that of the inner package
Adornments, for ladies' shoes, of silk, that are not
ornaments of flne metal, upon appraised value
Agates. (See Amber, No. 15.)
Alabaster, and all classes of work of this material, with
the exception of specified ones, gross weight
Albums:
Fine, with or without photographs, with coverings
of ivory, tortoise-shell, shell, or velvet, with or
without clasps and adornments of gold or silver,
gross weight
Orainary, with or without photographs, gross
weight
Alcohol or spirits of wine, in whatever kind of cask or
package, without allowance for leakage or breakage,
net weight
Almonds, sweet and bitter, without shell, net weight . .
Almonds, with shell
Alphabets, and numbers for marking, gross weight —
Amber, manufactures of, sea- foam, jet, agate, tortoise-
shell, shell, or ivory, not specified, gross weight
Ambergris, net weight, including in this that of the
inner wrapper
Ammunition bags, powder-horns, and sacks of all
classes for hunters, gross weight
Anis. (See Caraway seed. No. 188.)
Anisado. (See Cognac. Nos. 253 and 254.)
Anvils, square block of iron. (See Anvila in free Ust) . .
Apparatus, of gum-elastic, gutta-percha, silk, and other
materials for medicinal and surgical uses, net weight,
including in this that of the inner package
Armonicas. (See Accordeons, No. 2.)
Arms, fire:
Breoch or mucxle loading, entirely or partially
gilded, plated, or nickeled, or, not being plateo,
shall have handle of ivory, shell, or other mate-
rial, except wood, and th^r extra pieces, gross
weight
Breech or mnztle loading, black or of a bluish
color^ that have handles of wood, and their ex-
tra pieces, gross weight
Not repeatingorbreech-loading,of whatever classes,
and adornments, and their extra pieces, gross
weight
Arrack. (See Bum, Nos. 792 and 793.)
Atropia (drug), and its salts, net weight, including in
thin that oithe inner wrapper
Axes and hatchets, gross weight
Axles and springs, for carriages
Bags, for hunters. (See Ammunition bags, No. 17.)
Bags and valitos, for traveling, of all olaMes and sizesi
gross weight
Bags, or readv-roade sacks, ordinary, of all materials,
upon appraised value
Bagging. (See Linen goods. No. 583.)
Bagging, of linen or hemp. (See Linen, No. 583.)
Baixe and plain flannel, of wool and other textures an-
alogons to wool . .
Baize and twilled flannel, of wool and other textures
analogous to wool
Baize and flannel, plain, white, of wool and cotton, and '
other analogous text ures !
Baize and plain flannel, colored, of linen and cotton and
other analogous materials
Baize and flaonol. twilled, of wool and cotton, and other
analogous materials
Kilo.
do
.do
do
.do
KUo.
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
..do
.do
.do
..do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
.do
do
Kilo
do
.do
.do
.do
?
56
J $0 88
\ 08
43
15
25
100
56
24
1 15
86
75
20
10
20
115
16
48
10
1 00
125
1 00
75
25
10
12
43
23
29
161
19
} 10 60
75
50
sa
75
100
60
1 00
75
60
1 00
50
50
1 00
1 00
50
50
100
1 00
1 00
75
1 00
60
60
50
60
100
100
1 00
1 00
294
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Dmliahle importe — Continned.
ITiddImh*
80 11871
40 [187]
41 [188]
48 [180]
48 [140]
44 [172]
45 [141]
46 [142]
47 [148]
48
[144]
40
145
60
146
51
W7
62 [148]
68
64
65
205
205
348
66 [258]
57 [254
68 [158]
60 [11
60 [2
61 [366
62 [366]
68 [867]
64 [877]
65 [878]
66 [720]
67 [288]
68 [284:
60 [804]
70 [805]
71 [S63]
71- [288]
72 [812]
73
1818]
74 [476]
75 [476]
76 [682]
77 [666]
Artidee.
Balances and acalea of lion, copper, or braas, and their
weigbta, groaa weight
Balconiea. (See IroUf worked or wrought, No. 533.)
Ballmolda, of whatever metal, groea weight
Balaams:
Natural, net weight : inolndinff in this that of the
inner wn^per, and witiiont allowanoe for leakage
and breakage
Compoanded, net weight ; inolnding in this that of
the inner wrapper, and without allowance for
leakage and breakage
Balls, billianl, of iTory
Bands:
Leather, that do not come attached to any ma-
chinery and forming part of it, invoice valae
Of rubber, &c
For waist, woolen, plain in texture, without em-
broidery
Twilled in texture, &o
Plain or twilled, embroidered in same material
Plain or twilled, embroidered in silk
For waist, of crape of silk, even when they have on
their edges otner material not fine metal, net
weight
Of silk, plain or embroidered, even when bordered
with some other material not fine metal, net
weight
Barley:
NotpearL net weight
Pearl* (Bee Seeds, medicinal, No. 881.)
Bark, medicinal, gross weight
Baskets, lai^ge and small :
Of cane, bamboo, wood, or wire, gross weight
Not Bjpeoifled, with the exception of those of gold
or silver, gross weight
Batiste, linen. (See Cambric, No. 160.)
Beads:
Glass bugles, polished, cut, or ground, gross weight.
Uncut or nngroond, gross weight
Of glass, according to their class. (See Beads, Nos.
64 and 65.)
Covered with crape of all kinds and imitation pearls,
fross weight
ordinary site and very small, common metal,
gross weight
SMd glass, polished, cut^ and ground, and imitation
of garnet, gross weight
Of ghss thai are not cut nor ground, and rosaries
made of the same, gross weight.
Beaver fur of all claases, net weight
Beds and cots:
Of iron, gross weight
Of brass, tiiough liaving iron parts, gross weight . . .
Beer and cider:
In bottles, without allowance for leakage or break-
age, net weight
.do
.do
do
In casks, without allowance for leakage, net weight.
Bells:
Large and small, of metal not gold or silver, gross
weight
For animals, of iron or brass, gross weight
Belts or girdles:
Of aU classes not specified, and whose buckles are
not of silver or gold ; gross weight
Of silk, or other materia with mixture of silk, with
or without buckle not of gold or silver, gross
weight
Bellows:
Hand, for chimneys, pianos, and other uses, gross
weight
For forges, gross weight
Billiard tables, of all materials, not including the cloth, I
upon appraised value
Bismutn, oxide or sub-nitrate of, gross weight I kilo.
* I liDCHr meter equals 80.87 inches.
kflo.
..do.
do
.do
.do
•Jo
..do
..do
m*
kUo.
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
..do
..do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
{
do
do
5 do
(do
.do
do
.do
H
55
55
55
0
o
I
10 20
20
1 00
1 50
8 72
23
20
82
40
056
14 84
03
20
48
1 16
20
10
1 15
115
20
10
287
10
20
1
20
\
10
20
20
48
1 15
20
10
100
$0 50
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
75
75
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
75
1 00
50
50
75
76
50
50
1 00
50
50
60
50
50
50
75
1 00
60
60
60
1 00
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
295.
DuiiabU iniparlf— Continued.
NnmVen.
78 [108]
7» 1170]
80 [483]
81 [806]
82 [809]
83 [810]
84 [8U]
85 [£12]
86 [813]
87 [814]
88 [815]
89
90
[467]
468
469
92
S3
94
[409]
163
164
95
96 [863]
97 [168
98 [169^
90 [53]
100 [767]
101 [557]
102 [558]
lOS
104
[m]
105 [856]
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
118
no.
[711]
458
118^
714.
716
716
465
114 [198]
115 [212]
116 [213]
Aitideft.
Bits of iron for blasts. (See Bridles, No. 134.)
Bits, parts of, and whee!s (rode(eM) of iron or brass, gross
weight kilo.
Bitters, net weight without allowance for breakage do
Blanket-cloaks {$arape» y tUnuu) :
Of cotton, stamped or striped sq.m.
Of wool, stamped or striped, without flowing
sleeves, borders, or works do
Blankets (tarapei) :
Of wool (scaped for the arms to be ft-ee), with bor
ders worked or stamped . . do
Of wool imitation of those of Saltillo. woiked or
stamped — L . do
Blanket-cloaks, stiiped or stamped, of wool and cotton \
n
•3®
in any proportion that the mixture may bo, not hav-
the oorder worked
do
do
do
do
do
kilo.
Of iron, for carriages, in which the axles nm, gross
weight
Of pamta for artists, schools, Ac, of all kinds, gross
weight
For snnff, cigars, cigarettes, matches, Ac. of ordi-
nary metaTwitbont plating or gilding, of leather,
wood, paste-board, bom, gam, or other analogous
m^teiinls, gross weight
* 1 meter equals 80.87 inches.
do
do
ingt
Blankets:
Striped or stamped, of wool and cotton, in what-
ever proportion the mixture may be
Imitation of those ef Saltillo, worked or stamped,
of wool, with mixture of cotton or linen in any
proportion
Imitation of those of SaltlUo, worked or stamped,
of wool, with mixture of silk in any proportion .
Of wool, plain or stamped |..do
Of wool, not worked or stamped do
Of cotton and wool, plain or stamped, in whatever
proportion the mixture may be
Blades. (See Swords, No. 908.)
Blacking and polish for shoes, gross weisht
Blacking of all classes not specified in this iariS, gross
weight
Blinds:
Window. (See Window Blinds, Ka 1(^)5. )
Other. (See Window Blinds, No. 1095. )
Blondes and laces :
Of silk, and their imitations, net weight
Of silk, with beads, invoice value
Blouses, scarfs, and coverings of woolen vam, with the
exception of those specified in Nos. 1060 and 588 to
640 for adults and children, even though they may
have some ornaments of silk, net weight
Bodkins, for sewing of any material not silver or gold,
gross weight
Books:
Blank or ruled, of all sixes, with ordinary binding,
gross weight
Bound with velvet, shell, tortoise-shell, ivory, or
metaL cross weight
Boots or half^boots :
Of cow-hide of more than 18 centimeter? of sole . . .
Of cslf-skin or patent leather that exceed 18 centi-
meters of sole
Boot-hooks, with or without boxes, gross weight
Bolts:
For tops of doors, of iron, gross weight
Of brass^gross weight
Bolts. (See Hinges, Nos. K3 and 504.)
Bone or whalebone, manufactures of, not specified,
gross weight
Bosoms:
Cotton of aU dasses. for shirts
Plain, of linen, for shirts, of aU classes
Of linen, embroidered, for shirts of all classes
Bottles or flasks of metal or fdass, covered with leather,
wicker-work, or gntta-percha, gross weight
kHo.
do
do
do
doz
.do.
kUo.
do
do
do
doz
.do
.do
kUo
s
e,
J
a 9
9
55
d
o
1
CO
$0 29
25
72
1 00
2 00
8 00
75
1 00
6 00
12 00
48
96
72
19
25
84 41
1 72
86
86
1 15
16 50
27 00
48
19
29
29
50
1 50
2 50
20
12
29
67
10 50
50
1 OO
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
100
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
100
100
1 00
76
76
76
1 00
1 00
50
50
50
50
1 OO
1 OO
1 OO
50
50
50
TARIFKS OF TUB SEVEBAL COUNTRIES
DulUihh imporU—CantinaeA.
'Kamboii.
ArtldH.
i
1
1
1
11
m \2u]
lie m«\
For iBWBlry, Bro« wf Ijihl
190 (IIB)
lai [21B1
metal. ffroM wBlght
Kat Rpwiaed. eicopt tboceof eoM «ad ailrnr, rioh
(:4m TBpfi, No. BTO.)
ilSI
8t 1 7S
128 (Ml]
meMl thM we DM filmed Iron w plofiu, gro«»
1> »
is wi
BnuIpLus. (See Rliigs, MfM. 7TB ud' TTS.)
Brl«k^1lrB -
Brldlea nnd blta of aU cIuhs. for hones, gnu welgbt.
M.
ISO 1 so
1»[MB1
m(2»i
IJg [300]
13D ITM)
™Fo"'«bOBii. hoi™, and Kmbbiog bnubeg. gnu
Tot Ubiu. da(b..a. h>ir. teeth, naii*', u.d bVu, »i
In bone, voed, boru. or eatU perobm, eroH weiEht .
For lablBi^ Jtc, BPt In Iruy. »bLll. lortolwj-gbolt,
..do...
80
»
1«-[.10*)
■rtiolea of uddle and harneaa-wire, luivered or
uD^voMd, IhM ate not plated nei gilded, grow
Of n>eul, fofiJl n^' pUUd or glld^. in^ «eiRht.
orall cl^tK.. for dSi»* b«U and aboem tracV
craTata, and other n»a, not plated or gilded, gnu
1« (IWl
!« 18U1
Buglee. (Seeii^ada, No^MandM.)
Bamera, of iron uid oilivv materials, fur lamps, gram
..do..-
10 so
BosCb. acfoidini lecinu. (.SHSMtiies, Nos. wi io^>
Haste. (SfeSUtD».N-o.D31.)
Batter, net weljihti Including In this that of the Inner
34
IB
SI
. 80
iJS[!Ul
BattoSr
Of Iron, of all olamwe, for clnthini. gniss velEhE.. .
irllboot screws, for boies, drawcri, and doprs,
.do...
60
i^ 111!]
153 [188]
IM (ISSI
or otfaer analoiFous mslerials. grotn velsbl
Uade or c«vtnS of any tnatei Si other IhMi allk.
gniisweiglit . ....
or white or yeUow Tnetal. rot pUted nor gilded, of
other analuttoiu meterials, for i:h>U>iug. gnus
......
.do...
......
OfCanip3lo,nH.wolirht ' "
Of Maracalbn, Caracas, and any other of dno qiul-
!m[?ES]
iMlMei
......
Calitoes. (See Cotton E.«His,Xo«. 284 »ud 285.)
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES.
297
Dutiable imporU — Contlnaed.
^vunlterB.
160 r?351
1C2 [57]
16:1 [87!
164 (255]
Its [256]
IGC [54J
167 [8661
106
[8671
loa
868
170
8G9
171
K70
172
871]
17.1 [152]
174 [153]
17.-.
[162]
170
too
177
(XK)
178
COO
179
GOO]
180 [5fcl
181 [•:Qi]
182 [206]
183 [400]
184 [491]
18o [402]
186 [291]
187 [263]
188
1S9
59
66
190 [07]
191
102
199
r69l
70
194 [280]
105 [281]
196
197
198
282
f283
284
199 [285]
200 [286]
201 [387]
!»2
209
12751
204 [2771
206 [278]
Articles.
Cftmbrio. fine linen lawn
Camel-hair bmnhei*. (See Paint l^nshes, Na 071.)
Camphor, not weight, including in this the weight of
the inner wrapper
Canary bird Beed. groea weight
Candleetioka. (See Chandeliers, Kos. 217 to 220.)
Candlesticks, of brass, not plated or gilded, gross weight. .
Candle-holders, or branches for fixing aj^dnst a wall,
not gilded or plated, gross weight
Candlestickn, wooden, with or without frame, for fee-
tories, gross weight.
Candles:
Wax, gross weight
Spermaceti, gross weight
Stearine of any class, gross weight
ParafiSne, gross weight
Tallow, gross weight
Canes:
Of all kinds, not having gold or ailver handle, gross
weight
With nandles of gold or silver, or of both mate-
rials, with or without precious stones, invoioe
▼alue
Cane, used for fdmiture, gross weight
Canton crape silk in the piece, net weight
Canvas. (Bee Thread, Ko. 1,000.)
Canvas or sail cloth, of cotton, all classes
Canvas, of linen or hemp, according to class. (See
Linen, Nos. 583 to 565.)
Capers, large or smaU, prepared or in brine, net weight. .
Caps:
Of all materials, with or without forepieoes, and
without ornaments
Of fill materials, with or without forepieces, and
with ornaments, upon invoice value
Of cotton, wool, or linon netting, white or colored,
for men and boys
Of silk netting or other texture, net weight
"Greek," of silk or embroidered or plain or metal,
upon appraised value
For all kinds of arms, gross weight. (Kifle caps
are prohibited except by previous permission) . . .
Capsules, medicinsl, of all substances, net weight,
including in this that of the inner wrapper
Caraway seed and anise seed, net weight
Carpets or rugs of hemp or tow
Carpets:
Of coarse frieze, of plain or crossed texture or of
beaten wool
Brussels, uncut, rough
Brussels, or velvet, smooth
Corded, with cotton warp
Carriages :
Of two seats and two wheels, with or without
cover
Open, of two wheels and more than two seats, with
or without cover ^
Carriages and coupes :
Closed, four wneels and two seats
Open, four wheels and more than two seats
Carriages, hot specified, such as landaus, berlins,
phaetons, and other coaches of four wheels and
more than two seats...
Small, of all classes, for children, upon appraised
value
Two wheels, without covering or lining of any
sort, and without being varnished or polishea
in painting
Four wheels, without covering or lining of any
sort, and without l>eing vaniished or polishea
in painting
Cartridge-shells, for fire-arms, gross weight
Cartridges for fire-arms, gross weight
Carts for oxen and mules and cars :
Two wheels
Four wheels
as
sq.m.*
kilo.
..do.
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
kilo.
..do.
sq. m.*
kilo..
doz
..do
. do .
kilo.
..do.
..do.
..do..
..do..
*i«q. m,
do
.do
.do
.do
each
..do.
do
.do
.do
do
..do.
kilo.
..do.
each
..do.
s|
O
13
55
s
I
10 39
60
07
10
29
67
70
67
19
88
08
86
18
956
16
10
3 00
66
2 00
966
65
43
1 50
10
16
65
97
140
80
66 00
88 00
132 00
176 00
396 00
88 00
176 00
45
60
88 00
66 00
$100
75
50
50
60
50
50
50
50
50
75
100
50
1 00
1 00
60
100
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
1 00
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
I 00
50
50
60
50
60
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
* 1 meter is equal to 30.37 inches.
298
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
DuUdble imparU — Contintied.
Nnmben.
200
207
^]
208
200
210 [480]
211
212 [102
213 [207
214
215 [209'
216 [4811
217 [100]
218 [101]
210
220
rio2i
[103]
221 [770]
222 [41]
223
224
225
226
227
228
241
242
243
240^
250
318
229 [382]
230
231
232
233
234
[820]
[305]
[305]
[768]
236 [768]
236 [257]
287
238
239 [755]
240 [702]
241 [703]
242 [800]
243 [070]
244
245
315
f322
246 605
247
248
240 [136]
250
251
252
210
863
328
Articles.
Carta, small hand, two wheels
Cases for scissors and other instniments, and dressing*
cases of all classes, with the famishings and adorn-
ments, not gilded or plated, gross weight
Same, for, &c., that are gilded or plated, gross weight. . .
Cases, for bottles and liqaors, of aU classes, gross
weight
Cassimeres, heavy or light groundwork and woof, of
wool of all colors, with or without mixture of other
material
Casters. (See Cruets, Nos. 318 and 319.)
Chains :
For interior of watches. (See Chains, Na 215.)
Of iron, gross weifsht
Of brass, gross weicht
Watch cnains, of all materials, not silver or gold,
gross weight
Chamois skin, of all classes. (See Skins, No. 886.)
Chandeliers and candelabras of crystal and metal, gilded
or plated in whatever proportion, gross weight
Chandeliers and lamps of crystal and ordinary metal,
not gilded or plated, in any proportion, gross weight.
Chandeliers, candelabras, and lamps:
Of metal, plated or gilded, gross weight
Of metal, ordinary', not plated or gilded, gross
weight
Cheese, of all classes, net weight, including in this that
of the inner wrapper
Chess, according to class. (See G«mes of diversion,
Nos. 424 and 425.)
Chemises:
Of cotton, for ladies, plain or embroidered
Of cotton, for girls, plain or embroidered
Of wool netting, underskirts, net weight
Of linen, plain, for ladies
Of linen, embroidered, for ladies
Chloride of gold, nrt weight, including in this that of
the inner package
Chocolate, of all classes, net weight
Cider, in casks. (See Beer, Na 70.)
Same in bottles. (See Beer, No. 60.)
Cigar boxes, according to class. (See boxea, Nos. 116
and 117.)
Cigars. (See Tobacco, Na 1022.)
Cigar cases, according to class. (See Boxes, Nos. 116
and 117.)
Cigars, fine quality. (See Tobacco, No. 1028.)
Cinnamon of all kinds, including cassia, net weight
Clasps. (See Hooks, Nos. 512 and 513.)
Cloaks. (See Blankets, Nos. 81 and 82.)
Cloaks, or talmn, for men, of wool, upon appraised
value
Clocks:
Fine, for table or wall, not of gold or silver, gross
wdght
Ordinary, for table or wall, with or without case of
wood, gross weight .
Clothing, ready-made, of cotton, wool, or linen, not
otherwise stated, invoice value
Cloth, of all classes and colors, with warp uid woof of
wool, plain, worked, conled, or flowerea
Cloves, lartTdand small, net weight.
Coaches. (See Carriages, No. 198.)
Cocks, of copper, bronze, brass, pelter, sine, iron, or
wood, for emptying barrels or other depositories,
grosBweight
Cockles. (See Tunny, No. 1040.)
Codeine, net weight, including in this that of the inner
wrapper ,
Cod-fish, dry or smoked, and any other fish prepared in
the same manner, net weight
Coffee:
Net weight
Roasters, gross weight ...
CofFeni of iron. (See Safes. No. 798.)
* 1 meter is equal to 39.37 inches.
i.
each
kilo,
.do.
do
do
do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
do
do
dosen.
..do...
kilo...
dosen.
..do.
« $
''I
kilo.
..do.
.do
kilo,
.do.
sq. m.*
Idlo...
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
65
182
0
o
a
13 00
86
1 15
1 15
140
10
29
86
1 00
29
1 00
29
14
7 00
8 60
1 60
12 00
24 00
25 00
50
1 00
86
29
1 56
60
19
30
10
10
19
s
I
o o
a
Q
$0 50
76
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
60
70
1 00
50
1 00
50
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 OO
1 00
50
75
1 00
75
50
1 00
1 00
73
50
1 00
50
60
50
TARIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTRIES.
299
DuUahU imparU — Contintied.
188]
»4 (841
»6 [886]
SS7 [888]
S88 [881
[718;
961 [718]
[884]
864 [881]
265 [5S8]
837
888'
330
867
270
271
858
610
272 [339]
278 [840|
274 [848
275 [348^
276 [71
277
278
^1
278 [660]
[561]
2il [662]
^ [563]
283 [564]
284 [566]
285
286
287
566
567
568
288 (568J
288 [764]
280 [281
281 [201^
292 [282
284 [284
295 [448
[444
287
[f&\
ArtlolM.
CkNmten and dice, for eamea, of pasteboard, bone, braas,
or wood, grosa weight
Coonterpanea. (See Coverleta, Noa. 802 to 804) .
Conpea, oloaed. (See Carriagea, Noa. 106 and 107.)
* 1 meter eqnala 39.37 inohea.
IS
kilo.
do
}
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
jdo
do
do
.do
do's
.do
Cognac, indnding aniaado :
In Dottlea or aem^ohna, without allowanoe for leak-
age or breakage, net weight
In veaaela of wmo, without allowance for leakage,
net weight
Collara and ca£b, pbtin or embroidered, of cotton or
linen, npon appraised valne
Cdora. (See Painta. No. 674.)
Colnmna,of iron, groaa weight
Comba:
Carry and iron comba, groaa weight
Of oompoaition of all daasea, groaa weight
All aisea, of tortoise shell, iroiy, or ahell, with or
without omamenta, groaa weight
All aiiea, of Japanned iron, horn, gntta peroha,
bone, or wood, with or without ordinary metal,
grosa weight
Confeetiona andaweetmeata of all kinda, and preserved
fruits, including in the weight the boxea or yeaaela
that contain them, net weight
Copper in aheeta, gross weight
Coral, fine, manufactured or unmanufactured, groaa
weight
Cordials, in bottles or earthenware, wiUiont allowanoe
for leakage or breakage, groas weight
Cord of wooL (See Tapea, ifo. 060.)
Cord of sUk , net weight
Cork in bulk or in plates, net weight
Corka, net wei^t |..do
Cork^acrewa, aB classes, groaa weight >. do
Com of Quinea or millet^ spike or ear of, groas weight. .
Corsets of cotton, wool, or \hwn :
For girls
Fwuidiea
Coemeticai
For maces of billiard tablea, groaa weight
For the hair. (See Perfumery. No. 713.)
Cotton, waate and soiled cotton thread, to clean ma>
chinery, gross weight
Cotton:
XJnginned, gross weight
Oiimed, gross weight
Cotton goods:
Coarae or common, white or colored, loosely woren,
inferior to musllD, and e<)ual in texture to that
known by the name of {mtrriHaque) manila graaa
cloth
Wbite or colored mualin, with the exception of
thoae comprehended in No. 279, not embroidered
nor in open work
Plain brownish, unbleached
Plain white, that do not exceed 33 threada in a aquare
of I cen t i meter per aide
Of more than 33 tnreada, ^
Plain, dyed, or stamped, that do not exceed 80
threads in a square of i centimeter
Or more than 30 threads, &c
Twilled, white or brownish, and ginghams
White, mottled, or brownish, that are not satin fin*
iah, damaak like, pluah-like, or Yelret-like
Cotton gooda and texturea of cotton, white or colored,
embroidered oi in open work
Cotton net of all classes and colors, net weight; includ-
ing in this that of the boxes that contain them, and
the wrappers around them
Cots, iron . (See B«d s. No. 67. )
Braaa. (See Beda, No. C6,)
Camp, of wood, including coverings and mattresses
when attached to the same, gross weight
Of iron, including, 4to
Of braas, including, &.C
Countera of ivory or shell, gross weight
kilo.
do
do
do
sq.m.*
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
kilo.
do
do
do
do
a
s
A4
! ®
o
►
.do
55
a
I
80 88
8
83 I
Hi
28
19
23
1 15
29
148
83
10 50
50
1 00
8 60
28
8
{ 11
14 84
6
10
48
2
2
600
25
\
2
7
16
a 40
9.85
16.85
14.80
16.80
16
16
18
600
15
19
29
86
29
50
50
50
75
50
50
50
1 00
60
1 00
50
50 •
50
50
50
1 00
50
50
60
60
100
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 oo
1 00
50
60
50
75
50
300
TABIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Dutiable imparti — Continued.
300 3401
302 [319]
303 [320
304 tj21
305
306
307
9201
258
308
300
310
311
332
333
334
335
812 [3501
818 [351]
814 [601]
815 [602]
316 [603]
817 [355]
318 [11]
319 [12]
820
821 £352]
322 [353]
823 [354]
324 [875]
825 [876]
826
327 [767
328 1 330
329 [865
830 [716
831 [344]
332 (3451
333 [346]
334 [325]
[385]
[385]
335 [3851
336
337
338
339
389
383
300
340 [391]
do
do
do
Coart>plaater. (See PUster, No 739.)
Covers of silk for parasoU. (See Linings, No. 689 )
Covers or screens of woven wire for viands, gross
weight
Coverlets and o6anterpanes:
Of cotton, and other textnres analogous to cotton . .
Of wool, &o
Of wool and cotton* See, analogous to wool and
cotton
Coverlets of silk. (See Table covers, No. 974.)
Crabs (shellfish). (See Tnnny, No. 1040.)
Crackers, all classes, gross weight
Cravats I
Of cotton
Of linen
Of wool
Of silk, of all classes, with or without springs and
frames, net weight
C rinidines of all classes :
For girls
For Guiles
Crockery and porcelain :
Manafactured in pieces of all forms, classes, and
sises; with the exception of Uiose qnoted, and
not hidnding tojrs of Na 1030 ; without allowance
for breakage, gross weight
In pieces of iQl forms, claMes, and sizes, with mount-
ings or ornaments of ordinary metal, white or
y^ow, without allowance for breakage, gross
weight
In pieces. Sec, or ornaments of metals plated or
glided, without allowance for breakage, gross
weight
Crosses and medalsof ordinary metal, that is not plated
or gilded, gross weight
Cruets of wood or ordinary metal, with or without I
bottles, gross weight |..do
Cruets of plated or gilded metal, with or without bot-
tles, gross weight
Cruet standa. (See Cruets, Nos. 318 and 319.)
Crystal and glass :
Mauufactured in pieces of all forms, classes, and
sizes, with Uie exception of those quoted, without '
allowance for breakage, gross weight do
And sizes, with mountuigs and ornaments of ord!- ,
nary metal, white or yellow, without allowance
for breakage, gross weight do
Omameuts of metal, plated, or gilded, without, I
Ac ..do
Crystals : I
For watehes, gross weight ..do
Loose for eve-glasses, gross weight do
Cufis. (See CoUara, No. 255 )
Of cot ton. (See Collars, No. 255. )
Cummin seed, net weight
Cups of leather. (See Washbowls. No. 1069.)
Curry-combs, iron. (See Combs, No. 258.)
Curtains:
Of cotton-muslin, plain or embroidered, upon ap
praised value I
Or cot ton-net, plain or emboridered, net weight — I . . do
Of linen, plain or embroidered, upon appraised
value
Cushions and inner linings for carriages, upon appraised
value
Damask of wool. (See Woolen goods. No. 1117.) I
Dem^ohns of all sizes, without allowance for breakage, '
gross weight ...do
D&monds, mounted, for cutting gjasajsross weight .do
Dice for games. (See Counters, No. 2w.) I
Digitaline (alkaloid), net weight, including in this that
do
85
55
55
1 14
12
25
50
50
18 00
1 50
4 50
14
20
1 15
29
29
1 00
17
29
1 15
24
29
of the inner wrapper
Diligences (carriages, see also Carriages), all classes
and dimensions
do
each.
i"
1 00
50
1 00
50
4
67
50
75
25 00
1 00
150 00
60
1 00
50
1 00
I 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
50
60
60
60
75
1 00
50
60
50
50
50
50
* 1 meter equals 39.87 inohea.
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
301
Dutidhle imports — ContiDued.
Nnmbors.
341 (302]
342 [392]
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
230
231
2-^2
385
651
393
353 [609]
351
355 [795]
350 [7961
357 [396]
358 [397]
359 [174]
360
361
362
363
364
365
306
500
501
409
408
.493.
7721
406
367 [406]
308
[434]
309
370
[43r.l
437]
871
372
[437]
438]
373
[96]
374
[290]
375
[«57]
376
[3]
377
[41
378
[5]
379
[26]
380
881
882
m
383
884
385
380
381
461
Articlea.
Docaments of all classes, printed, mled, and engraved
or lithographed, with or without spaces for writing
in .., each
Dominoes. (See Games, Nos. 414 and 425.)
Drawers, of cotton cloth :
For adults doz
Forciiildren do ...
Drawers, under :
Of cotton netting, net weight kilo.
Of woolen netting, net weight do
Drawers, of linen :
For adults dos
For children do
Drawers, of sillinetting, net weight kilo
Draughts, games of. (See Games, Nos. 424 and 425.)
Dressing cases. (See Cases, Nos. 207 and 208.)
Drugs, medicinal, natural, and chemical products, and
the various goods sold in a drug-store that are em-
ployed in medicine and in the arts and the vessels,
and every class of utensils for medicine or pharmacy
thst are not specified in the nomenclature of this
tariff; upon the invoice value
Dye woods, in blocks or in paper, gross weight kilo.
EUging of tapes. (See Tapes, No. 979.)
Elastics of rubber and cotton for shoes and other uses,
gross weight do .
Elastics, &c , and silk for, &o do .
Elaterium (chemical substance), net weight; including
in this that of the inner package do .
Elixirs, medicinal, of all substances and kinds, net
weight, including in this that of the vessel contain-
ing them do .
Embroidery of all kinds entirely of cotton or linen, in-
voice value
Embroidery :
Of wool, net weight • kilo
Of silk, net weight do .
Emery, in powder, gross weight do .
Enamelj in leaves or cut in small pieces, grc^ weight .. . .do .
Engravings. (See Prints,. No. 700.)
Erasers, for slates, gross weight do .
Essences of sarsai>arilla, of Bristol, Townsend, or any
other manufacture, net weight; including in this that
of t he inner package do.
Essences and extracts for the toilet. (See Peif umery,
No. 713.)
Ether, of all substances, net weight ; including in this
that of the inner wrapper do.
Extract of meat, upon appraised value
Extract of logwood, net weight ; including in this that
of the inner wrapper kilo.
Extracts, aromatic, fortoilet. (See Perfumery,No. 713.)
Extracts of all substances for medicinal uses, net
weight ; including in this that of the inner wrapper. . . .do .
Eye-glasses, with or without spectacle mountings, Kos.
0 and 8, in common cases, gross weight do .
Eyelets and socketa, white and yellow, of common, I
metal, for tailors and shoemakers, gross weight do
Fancy work, all kinds, on cards or perforated paper,
gross weight do
Fans:
Ordinary, of straw, pasteboard, or linen, wiUiout
sticks, gross weight
Common, with sticks of wood, horn, or Itone, and
fl^l that are not specilied, gross weight
With sticks of shell, ivory, or tortoise-shell, with or
without adornments, loose in box
Fasteners of iron and brass for doors, windows, Sec,
gross weight kilo.
Fauceto. (See Cocks, No. 246.)
Felt, of wool, in rolls, net weight do
Felts, for frames of bats, gross weight do
Fire ffrates, loot stoves, bake ovens, and cooking stoves : I
With outfits, with ornaments of brass, gross weight, i . .do
Without ornaments of brass, gross weight | . .do
Fire-places of iron, for blacksmiths. (See Fire-grates,
Nos. 883 and 384.)
S 9
"I
o
B
I
CO
88
55
55
each
4 00
2 00
1 50
1 00
6 00
3 00
14 34
05
1 25
30 00
1 00
2 86
800
07
86
07
75
20
10
3 00
20
29
57
S
-si
g
$57 00 i $0 75
I 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
SO
75
100
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
75
50
50
50
50
50
1 00
50
50
50
19
50
86
75
2 25
100
19
50
20
1 90
50
75
29
19
, 50
' 60
302
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Dutiable imports — Continnod.
Numbers.
886 [725]
887 f725]
888
725
389
97
3tK)
258
391
464
892
893 [4071
394 [503]
895 [450]
896 [460]
897 [461]
896
899 [4141
400 [112]
401 [415]
402 [61b|
403 [454]
404
405
406
455
406
457
407 [471]
408 [472]
409 [473]
410 [474]
411 [476J
412
418 [640]
414 [178]
415 [179]
416
417
[1791
[180]
418 [181]
419 [182]
420
421
422
477
478
479
428 [480]
424 [538]
425 [539]
426 [493]
427 [505]
Articles.
Fish, preserved, except tboso incladed in No. 1040, net
weight; iucludinf^ in tbis tbc inner wrapper
Fisb and cockli-s ot any class, pickled, salted, or bea*
soned wiiii salt or in oil, incluning sardines in tomato,
butler, or oil. (See Tunny. No. 1040.)
Fish, dried or smoked. (See Codfish, No. 249. )
Fish-hooks, all classes and sizes, gross welgbt
Fixtures fur coach-poles. (See Kings, No. 774.)
Flannel, according to its class. (See Baize, Nos. 34 to 38.)
Flasks. (See Bottles, No. 113.)
Flmt and steel, for pocket use, gross weight
Flour, of wheat, of all classes, net weight
Flowers:
Artificial and plafnes for nmamertA, not weight ;
including the weight of the boxes that contain
them
Medicinal, gross weight
Foils, with or without hilt, uross weight
Forks. (See Spoons, Nos. 913 to 917, and Knives, Nos.
551 to 553.)
Forms, for invoices, drafts, &c. 'See Documents. )
Frames Of glazed linen for bonnets and hats for ladies
and children, gross weight
Frames for paras* lis, shades, and umbiellas.groHS weight
Frames andmoldingsof wood, gilded or not, gross weight
Fringes and trimmings:
Of cotton, not including fringe, white or colored, net
weight; including in the weight that of the paste-
boaid-box that contains them, und in case ihey
come loose the card on which they are wiaipped..
Of wool, with or without bends, net weight
Of silk, without ornaments, net weight
With ornaments that are not of fine metal, upon
appraised value
Fruits:
Dried, net weight
In their own juice, net weight; including in the
weight that of the vessel containing them
In brandy, wine, or liquor, net weight ; including in
the weight thut of tiie vessels that contain them. .
Medicinal, gross weight
FulminanU (See Caps. No. 186. )
Fur. (r>ee Hair, No. 470. )
Furniture, of all clai^ses and materials with exception
of that quoted in tnis tariff, up«)n appraised value
Gaiters :
Of leather, of all classes, with or without elastic,
that exceed 18 centimeters of sole
Of leather or other material than silk, with or with-
out ornaments or elastic, lor ladies, that exceed
18 centimeters of sole
Of wool. (See BlouKe% No. 90 )
Of silk, with or without adornments or elastic, for
ladiex, that exceed 18 centimeters of sole
Of leather or any oth«»r material except Bilk, with
or without- oiiiauieuts or elastic, that do not ex-
ceed 18 centimeters of solo .
Of silk, with or without ornaments and elastics,
that do not • xeeed 18 centimeters of sole
Galloon and textures of while or yellow metal:
Not gilded or phit« d, ^rross weicht
Gilded or plated, in any proportion, gross weight. . .
Galloon and textuies of silver of oue or two sliades,
with or without alloy of other metal, net weigiit
Galloon and textures of gilded bilver of one or two
shades, with or without alloy of other metal, net
weight
Games of diversion, as lottery, chess, dominoes,
draughts, and others:
Ot diversion, of pasteboard, bone, or wood and their
boards
Of ivory or shell and their boards, gross weight ....
Garnet, imiution of. (See Beads, No. 64.)
Garters:
Of cotton, with clasps or buckles, including in the
weight the pasteboards that contain them, net
weight
£
mC
§^
Eg
^b
•^ o
V
^
kUo.
.do
do
do
.do
do
.do
..do
.'do
,.do
.do
do
.do
kilo.
.do .
.do
do
doz
..do
..do
..do
..do
kilo,
.do.
do
.do
.do
.do
e
P4
55
55
.do
90 72
58
43
10
2 86
20
43
19
CO
43
2 00
2 86
14 34
13 00
13 00
17 00
7 00
10 00
1 19
2 38
12 00
14 00
29
86
05 I
50 !
72
20
57
10 50
50
50
50
1 00
50
50
50
75
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
50
60
50
1 00
I 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
75
1 00
TARIFFS OF THK SEVEBAL COUNTBIEfi.
303
Dutiable imporU — Continaed.
Numbers.
428
[596]
429
430
[597
20i:
431
[27]
432
[281
433
Articles.
434 [280]
435
[260]
436
437
[350]
167
438
[873]
439
[874]
440
441
442
[494
495
496
443
444
445
[90]
(9'
[.i26
446
447
448
[663
mi
582
449
450
451
452
453
583
6ft5
r»«6
587
454 [588]
455 [589]
456 [590]
457 [591]
458 [592]
459
460
461
462
463
464
[6941
r«34i
501
488
M
Garters— Ck)iitiiiaed.
Of linen or hemp, of all classeA, \rii)i clasps or
buckles, cross weight
Of silk, with or withoat adornments, net weight. . . .
Geldings
Gm:
In earthen jars, bottles, dera^ohn^, withoat allow- i
ance for breakage or leakage, net weight. >
In casks, without allowance for leakage, net weight.
Ginghams. (See Cotton goods, No. 286.)
Glass:
Cut in any shape, as pendants for lamps, chande-
liers, ana candle-holders, as well as for breast
pumps, gross weight
Omamfcuis, cut for embroidery with wire, accord-
ing to class. (Sise Wire, curled, Nos. 105 to 107.
See Eye-glasses. No. 373.)
Glasses for counting thread in cloth. (See Lenses, No.
578.)
Glass wrought, according to class. (See Crystal, Nos.
321 to 323.)
Glass, window, of all classes and colors, withont allow-
aoce for breakage, gross weight
Gloves:
Of cotton, wool, or linen, of all sizes and colors, prs
Breastplates and loggings for fencing, prs
Of skin or fur of all classes, including embroidered
ones, prs
Glove stretchers:
Of wood or guttarX)ercha, gross weight
Of i vory or ot her material not specified , gross weight .
Glue, gross weight
Gold, beaten :
Gross weight
Fine, in leaves, up to 1 1 centimeters in each
Goods and textures whose base is of cotton, and that
have a mixture of silk in whatever proportion in flow-
ers, stripes, figures, or designs, even having in small
quantity a mixture of metal, uot gold or silver
Same, of cotton and lineo, &c
S;ime, of cotton and wool, ^^
Same, of eot ton, linen, and wool, Sec
Same, of liuen, &c
Goods and fabrics whose base is of linen and wool, and
that have a mixture of sitk in whatever proportion
in llowovs. stripes, figures, or designs, even when they
have in small quantity a mixture of metal, not gold or
silver
Same, of wool, Slo
Same, of silk, with a mixture of cotton, wool, or linen,
or these united, plain, twilled, worked, open worked,
shaggy and embroidered, even, Sec, ; upon apprised
value
Same, of silk or cotton, or of both materials, with a
nuxtnro of fine metal in any proportion or quantity;
upon appraised value
Same, that are composed of various materitds that are
not of silk or metal, and whosH mixture has not a
special quotation in this taritF. shall pay the rate
which will result as a prudent medium of tboso as-
signed to the fabrics of tho component materials ac-
cording to their respective classification when the
mixture extends to tho entire texturo, this having
only a few threails of diverse material, in which case
thev shall pay the duty assigned upon the material
which compoMs tbn greater part of tho texture
Goo<ls and fabrics, plain white, of wool and cotton, as
birize and ti:innol and other analogous textures
Same, plain of colors of, &o
Sauie, twilled of, dec
Grass cloth. (See Cotton goods. No. 279.) *
Grindstones. (See Stones for grinding. No. 948.)
Gatta-percluL (See Wood. &c., No. 11 11.)
Gum, liquid for desks, net weight ; including the bot-
tles that contain it
*1 meter ennals 89.37 inchea.
kilo,
-do.
e'cb
kUo.
..do.
is
o
I
8
^^
f
.do
.do
doz
.do
do
kilo.
..do .
..do.
.do..
Ml'vs.
sq. m.*
;!do!!
..do.,
.do..
do
.do
so. m.*
..do ...
..do...
kUo.
i0 57
14 34
86 00
48
10
88
8
29
$1 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
56
66
24
1 00
3 00
1 50
29
60
20
43
4 00
20
22
26
27
25
80
86
1&60
19
23
29
50
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
75
50
50
1 00
1 00
I 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
100
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
60
304
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Dutiable imparts — Continaed.
Nnmbers.
465 [480]
406 [405]
467 1476]
468 [886]
460 77»
470 [72i;
471 [722]
472 [524]
473 [220
474 221
476 222
476 223
477 224
478 225
470 [532
4«0 [77]
481 [676]
482 [677]
483 [678]
484 [670]
485 [680]
486 [681]
487 [6821
488 [683]
480 [684]
400 [685]
401 [612]
402 [768]
403
404
405
407
r408
506
406 [822]
407 [823
406 [824,
400 [825
500 [716]
501 [261]
Articles.
502
603
503a
885
106
Gums, reains, and bitumens of all classes not specified,
grosswei^ht
Guns, escopetas, according to class. (See Arms, Nos.
22 to 24.)
Gnus, hisiles, according to class. (See Arms, Nos. 22
to 24.)
Oypsam, gross weight
Hackles, not applicable for agricoltnre, gross weight..
Hair, or far of the vicugna, hare,rabbit, or others simi-
lar, for hats, net weight
Hair, for wigs, head dresses, dec, net weight
Hairpins (See Pins, No 728.)
Half-hose :
For adults
For children
Of wool, for adults
Of wool, for children
Of linen or hemp, for adults
For cliildren
Ham, smoked and salted, and sausages, large and small,
net weight
Hammers, of iron, large size, for foundries, gross weight
Handkerchiefs:
Cotton, plain, white, or colored, with or without
borders or hems in the texture, up to 30 threads
of warp and woof in a square that has ^ centim-
eter per side
Cotton, twilled, white or colored, with or without
borders or hems in the texture
Cotton, white or colored, with or, &o., of more
than 30 threads of warp, &,o
Cotton, embroidered and open worked, with or
without trimmingH of lace up to 50 centimeters in
a square
Linen, plain, whit« or stamped and striped in
colors in the texture, with or without nem or
border, up to 30 threads of web and woof in a
square of ^ centimeter per side
Same, of more than 30 threads of. Sto
Same, that have a mixture of linen and cotton,
shall pay a prudent medium between the rat^
shown to the handkerchiefs of each one of these
materials, occordiug to what is provided in No.
457 of this tariff
Linen, embroidered, open worked, or with trim-
ming of lace •
Silk, plain, striped or twilled, white or colored, even
when their Dorder is of another material, net
weight
Of silk, worked, embroidered, transparent, or of
gauze of all colors, with or without fringe, even
when their borders have other materials, net
weight *
Handles or helves of wood for tools of artisans, gross
weight
Handles and lerrules that are not of gold or silver, gross
weight .y
Harness, for carriages: «.
Common, gross weight
Fine, gross weight
Hatchets. (See Axes, No. 27.)
Hats:
Of straw, without trimmings, patterns of, of all
classes except those of Panama
Of Panama, with or without trimmings
Of felt, patterns of, without furnishing
Of all classes and materials and classes, with trim-
mings of any kind, for boys and men, with the
except ion of those specified, upon appraised value .
Head-dresses, according to their class. (See Orna-
ments for the head. Nos. 24 a^d 25.)
Hemp, in crude state for making thread or rope, net
weight
HcrlMi, medicinsl, gross weight
Hinges and bolts of ii on, gross weight
Hinges of iron, gross weight
t
i
M
•
ea
^^
s
•»^g
0 «
o
-a"
§ii
qa
fs
^
Pi
1
kUo.
do
do
.do
.do
doz .
do.
.do .
.do.
.do.
do.
kilo.
..do .
sq. m
..do..
.do..
do
do
do
.do.
doz .
kilo.
.do
.do
do
do
.do
dnz
do
.do
kilo.
.do.
do.
.do.
65
90 25
10
10
1 43
10 00
1 00
66
1 06
77
1 00
66
24
06
14
16
16
2 00
16
22
4 50
7 17
10 75
10
86
86
2 00
6 60
15 00
0 00
06
20
10
10
is
10 50
50
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
1 00
1 OQ
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
100
100
1 00
50
75
75
75
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COmTTRIES.
305
IhUidble iiiiparto—Continned.
STmnbors.
506
.500
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
518a
519
520
521
[IM]
482
483
113
604
754
1852J
[8531
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
520
530
531
[851
855
52<>
888
887
[1171
[384]
(446
[447
[448
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
530
540
541
542
[440]
[450J
[451]
1667]
[«1»1
[3741
375]
376]
[751
5a
544
545
546
[SSI
Artioles.
504 [4S3]
504a[167]
505 [260]
506 [200]
507 [684]
547 [607]
548
540
560
Hinges and bolts of brass, gross weight kilo.
Hineesof brass, gross weight do
Holaers for pen or pencil :
Of gilded or plated metal, iyory, shell, tortoise-shell,
or other analogous material, gross weight do
Of metal not plated or gilded, of wood, horn, bone,
gntta-x>ercha, or other analogoos material, gross
weight '. do
Honey. (See Molasses, No. 610.)
Hooks:
Of iron, for hanging pictures, gross weight do
Of iron, for fastening doors and windows^ gross
weight do
Of brass, for, &o do
Hooks and eyes of wire of all classes, loose or fixed, |
gross weight do .
Hooks and clasps :
Of all kinds, for cloaks, that are not gilded or plated,
cross weight do .
Glided or plated, or of shell, for cloaks, gross weight. I . .do .
Hooks: I
Of iron, gross weight ^ . . do .
Of brass, gross wci;:ht U.do .
Hoops, covered, for crinolines, gross weight do .
Hops, net weight do .
Horn, powder. (See Ammunition, No. 17.)
Hose. (See Half bose, Nos. 473 to 478.)
[06] I lndiffo,of all kinds, gross weight do .
Ink, for writiog:
In covering; of clay, glass, or crystal, net weight do .
In coveHog of wood, without alipwance for leakage, i
net weight do' -
Inkstands:
Of metal, gilded or plated, gross weight do .
Of all materials, not gilded or plated, gross weight. . .do .
Instmmeats for artisans. (See Tools, No. 1020.)
Iodide, of all substances, gross weight do .
lodiuu (metallic), gross weight do .
Iron:
Manufscturos of, tinned iron, steel and tin not spe-
cified, gross weight do .
Pieces of, that are partly made with machinery, of
many forms, and are used in flouring mills, &c.,
jl^ross weight do .
Tinned. (Seo Iron, manufactnres of. No. 527.)
Grooved, for roofs, gross woljjht do .
Of all qnaliries. in bulk, round bars, and pieces not
wrou}(ht, as well as pieces of heavy iron used in
flouring and ot tier mills. (See Na 528) ..do.
In P>us» gross weight — do .
Wn)U«:ht, for plowshares, balconies, or blinds and
windows, gross weight do.
Rolled, beaten, prepared for hoops, nails, and ouier i
purposes, gross weight ..do .
Oxide of, gross weight |..do .
Ivory:
In bulk and in sheets, gross weight do .
(See Amber, No. 15.)
Jackets :
Of cotton, white or colored, plain or shaggy doeen
Wool netting, for men do
Wool net t Ing, for bo v s do
Jet. (See Amber, ^To. 15.)
Jewels of gold or silver, or of both materials, with or
without pearls or precious stones, and eye-glasses,
mounted in gold or silver ; upon invoice value
Jugs, jars, or pitchers of alabaster. (See Alabaster, Na 8.)
Same, of marble. (See Marble, No. 590.)
Keys:
(See Plates, No. 741.)
Of watches of all sizes that are not of silver or gold,
gross weight kilo.
Of iron, brass, copper, or plaque, for coaches, gross !
do
do
PJ
weight
For piano, gross weight
Kidsklns. (See Skins, No. 855.)
Kirscb-waaser. (See Kum, Nos. 792 and 798).
d ®
H
S
o
13
10 20
20
1 15
20
10
10
20
20
48
86
10
20
12
18
125
20
19
1 15
20
8 00
2 00
24
06
08
06
00^
20
10
50
19
8 00
12 00
600
67
20
20
8
$0 50
60
1 00
50
60
60
60
60
75
75
50
50
50
50
1 00
50
50
76
50
75
50
60
50
50
50
50
50
50
75
60
1 00
1 00
100
1 00
60
60
60
1784 COKGI — A P-
-20
306
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Duliahle imports — Continued.
Numbera.
651 [363]
652 [363
553 1364^
654 [647
655 [650]
556
557
[IS}]
558 [402]
659 [403]
560 [403]
561
562
563
^S4
565
666
440
441
546
458
162
567 1430
568 [509
569 [613
570
[728]
671
76
572
545
573
740
574
116
675
524
676
732
677
555
678 [556]
670
680
[584]
[599]
681 [657]
[765]
582
683 [674]
684 [575]
585 [576]
686 [577]
687 [679]
688 [578]
«9 [462]
Articles.
Knives and forks:
With handle of shell, or plated, or ^Ided metal,
. ^grosa weight
with ivory handles, gross ■weight
With wood, boue.hom or iron handles, gross weight
Knives, common, used by porters for unpacking goods,
gross weight
Knives aud penknives :
With shell, ivory, tortoise-shell, or gilded, or plated
metal handles, gross weight
With iron, bone, wood, or horn handles, gross weight.
Lace, bed, white or colored, of cotton or wool, including
in the weight that of the pastel)oard boxes which
contain them, and, in case of coming loose, the board
or card on which they are wrapped, net weight
Laces:
Of cotton, including in the weight the boxes in which
they come, and the cards on which they are
wrapped, net weight
Of linen, including in the weight the boxes that
contain them and' the cards on which they are
wrapped, net weight
Of silk. (See Blondes, Nos. 97 and 98.)
Lamps. (See Chandeliers, Nos. 218 to 221.)
Lamps and lanterns :
Of tin and iron, gross weight
Of brass and copper, gross weight
Lamps (hydroplatiniecu), gross weight
Lancets, for bleeding animals, gross weight
Landau. (See Carriages, No. 198).
Lanterns:
For coaches, gross weight
According to class. (See Lamps, Nos. 562 and 563.)
Lard of pork, net weight ; including in this that of the
inner package
Latch-keys, all classes, gross weight
Lavender, gross weight
Lead, sheets of, gross weight
Lead, in bulk and pigs, gross weight
Leather, manufacture^ of, not specified, gross weight.
Leaves, of medicinal plants, gross weigh
Leggings, for fencing. (See gloves, No. 441.)
Lenses, ordinary, minifying, of one glass, in boxes of
pasteboard, known as Nos. 1, 2, and 3, gross weight.
Lenses and counting glasses, not monntea in silver or
gold, gross weight
Linen (see Goods) :
In its crude, unwoven, and unbleached state, gross
weight
Fine. (See Cambric, No! 160.)
Net of, net weighty including in the weight that of
the wrappers in which they come ana the tmxes
that contain them
Linen goods and textures of hemp, tow, or of hemp-tow
or herb-tow, plain, white, crude, prownish, or of
colors up to 8 threads of web, warp and woof in a
square of one half centimeter
Same, of more than 8 and up to 12 threads of, &e ...
Same, of more than 12 and up to 30 threads of, &c..
Note.— When in the examination of goods compre-
hended in this number there are found in some parts of
the same piece 31 or 32 threads, and in other parts of
30 or less, nhowing in a majoritv of the examinations
the 30 threads manifested, or a less number, they will
be quoted with the terms of this number.
Linen goods and textures, of hemp, hemp-tow, or herb-
tow, plain, white, or colored, of more than 30 threads
of web and woof in a square of one-half centimeter,
with the exception of cambric or batiste
Linen, or hemp goods or textures, bleached unbleached,
or colored, embroidered or open worked
Same, white, crude, or colored, worke dserge-like,
damask like or plush-like
Linings of silk, sewed and in patterns, for umbrellas,
shades, and parasols, net weight
t
as
^
kilo.
..do.
..do.
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
..do
do
.do
do
H
S o
«
P4
V3
I
CO
sq. m.
..do..
..do ..
.do
do
.do
kilo.
$1 15
86
19
10
1 15
19
148
600
860
10
29
29
4S
s
a
P
18
29
06
06
06
86
20
29
1 16
07
850
11
12
16
22
84
22
14 84
10 75
76
60
60
75
50
100
100
108
59
5e
50
69
50
60
60
50
60
50
76
60
60
1 00
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
100
lOO
1 00
lOO
* 1 meter equals 89.37 inohet.
TAEIFPS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
307
Dutiable imports — CoDtinaed.
Nmnbars.
500 [463J
501 (36]
502 [560
593 (305
594 1600
505 f623;
506 [438]
507 [615]
508 [621]
500 [622]
600
[264]
601
265
602
266
093
46«]
004
605
606 [327J
426
427
607 [631 i
606 [267]
000
610
611
612
613
614
[268]
6S!6J
183J
121
543
544
615 [262]
616 [6341
617 lUOj
618
619
620
621
622
4ir
633
(KJ3
836
61)6
623 [82]
624 1 831
625 [841
626 [865]
027
628
620
6371
6381
529]
•620 [211]
630 [85]
681 [630]
[316]
r817j
[762]
Articles.
e
p .
ss
«
^
LininfpB and foandAtions for bats, of whatever material,
net weight
Liquors :
Spirituoos. idade fh>m cane or other material, not
specified in yesscls of wood without allowance for
leakage, net weight
Sweet See Cordials Ko.265.)
Locks. (See Plates, No. 741.)
Lotteries. (See Games. Nos. 4?4 and 425 )
Mallets of iion. (See Sledge bammets, No. 802.)
Mantles:
Head covering, of linen, cotton, or wool. (See Caps,
No 183 )
(MantUlas) of silk blonde, inclndine tbebox in which
they^ come, even when such is or fine qualities —
Marble :
Manufactured, in blocks, polished or unpolished, for
furniture, press weight
Manufactnred, in jars, and in all other class of woiks
except those sp<;cifle(l, gross weight
Masks :
Of wire, or face-covers
All kinds, except of wire - ■
Fencing
Matches, of wood or wax, and igniting cotton cord, or
pasteboard, net weight
Mats:
Of hemp or cocoa, gross weight
From China, gross weicht
Matti esses and pillows of all classes and materials;
upon appi'aised valao
Measures of length and capacity, all classes and mate-
lials, gross weight
Meats:
Preserved of all classes, ih Jaice or dr^ (not in-
cluding extract of meat), net weight; including
in this the weight of the inner wi-apper
Smoked or salted, net weight
MMals. (See Crosses, No. 317.)
Medicine chests, with bottles empty or filled, gross
weight
MetJ:
Gilded, manufacturers of, not specified, grosi weight
Sheets of composition, for vessels, gross weight —
Plates or Sheets of, excepting those specified; gn>ss
weight
Tops for corks of bottles, gross weight
Mills for grinding eoffeo and paints, gross weight
Mirrors, with or withont frames, having more than 30
centimeters on one of its sides, even when the others
are less, without allowance for bieakage. gross weight.
Same, up to HO centimeters on each side, without, &c
Molasses and honey. groHs wiight
Molding of wood. (See Frames, No. 4G2.)
Morocco leather. (See Skins, No. 885.)
Morphine and its suits, not weight ; 'including in this
the weight of the inner package
Mortars:
Of composition, porcelain, marble, or porphyry, gross
weignt ..-;..
Of iron, gross weight
Of brass or copper, gross weight
Glass, for pharmacy. (See Drags, No. 352.)
Mosaic work :
Of stone, for pavements, gross weight
Of wood, for, 6lc
Musical insiruments of all classes, not specified, gross
weight
Music boxes, gross weight
Musk, net weight, including in this the weight of the
inner wrapper
Mustard, in powder, or prepared in sauce, gross weight
Nails and tacks:
Of copper, zinc, brass, or iron, with glass, brass, or
porcMain head, gross weight
Ofiron of all sizes, gross weight
Of aU sizes. (See Nails, Nos. 632 and 638.)
do
do
each
kilo,
.do.
each
do.
-do.
kilo.
de
do
kilo.
do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
*3 >
9
O
o
>
55
I
QQ
$1 25
S 83
35 20
88
48
40
20
50
1 14
12
25
29
72
24
40
1 15
14
20
29
10
43
19
07
10 00
12
10
19
05
10
43
43
10
46
IS
s -
1
$1 W^
5<^
1 09
50
50
75
50
75
1 OO
50
50'
50*
50
59
50
59
1 00
50-
50-
SO-
SO
69
50
60
1 OO
50
50
50
60
50
50
75
1 00
50
60
308
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Dutiable imports — Continaed.
If umbers.
886
630 [820]
687 [80]
688
680
^S30
«40
641
[620]
[786]
642 [652]
[^1
648
656
646
«46
■647
[«1
Pal
•648 [0]
«40 [10]
•660
rio]
-651
10
«52
[i04
«53
524
•654
[864]
•655
^656
•657
€58
«59
660
«6L
4)62
t663
«64
665 [25]
666 [662]
[121
658]
296]
6581
659]
•em
668 661
669
660
524
•670 [255;
<r71 [100]
<672
•673
«74
.*24.
f735l
328
e76 [124]
676
677
678
679
680
\^]
690
601
681 [002]
682 [003]
Articles.
Nsphths. (See Tarpentine, No. 1041.)
Necklaces of metal. (See Rings, Nos. 775 and 776.)
Needles:
From No. zero to five seros, for sewing, crochet,
book-binding, netting, canvas, and others not ex-
ceeding 6 centimeters in length, gross weight . . .
Packing, of all sizes, gross weight
Sewing, np to 5 centimeters, gross weight ,
Nickel-plated metal, manufactares of, gross weight —
Night lights, all kinds, gross weight
Nippers, for sugar, that are not of gold or silver, gross
weight
Nitraie of silver, net weight; indading in this the
weight of the inner wrapper
NomMrs for manking, gross weight
Nnt-crackers, not gilded or platcMl, gross weight
Oil:
Olive, in Jags or tin cans, without allowance for
leakage or breakage, net weight
Olive, m bottles or vessels of glass, witheat, &o . . .
Whale, net weight, including In this that of the in-
ner covering
Fixed, excepting olive, elsewhere ouoted, net weight,
including in this the weight of too inner wranper
Volatile or essentials, of all sal)Atancc8 except those
quoted, net weight; including in this the weight
of the inner package
Perfamed. (See Perfumery, No. 713.)
CoaL (See Petroleum, No. 715.)
Oil-cloths and oil-skins for tables and floors, net weight.
Oil skins. (See Oilcloths, No. 652.)
Ointments, medicinal. (See Pomades, medicinal, No. 748.)
Olives:
In brine orpickl\ net weight -.
Prepared or in oil, not weight, including the weight
of the bottles that contam them
Omnibuses, of all classes and dimensions *.
Onions, fresh, gross weiprht
Opiates for the teeth. (See Perfumery, No. 713.)
Opium, gross weight
Ornaments:
Of brass, stamped or hollow, gross weight
Of iron, brass, copper, or plaque, for coaches, gross
weight
Of straw, not specified, net weight
For the head and headdress, not of silk, upon ap-
praised value
Same, of silk, though they may have mixture of
other materials, net weight; including in tills
tliat of the boxes that contain them
Same, for sacred vestments of all classes and ma-
terials, upon appraised value
Organs:
Chamber, portable for hand, gross weight
All classes, gross weight —
Ovens, of iron. (See Firo grates, Nos. 383 and 384.)
Padlocks, of iron or brsss, and their loose keys, gross
weiffht
Paint Drushes and camel hair brushes of all classes and
for all uses, gross weight
Paintings. (See Prints, No. 760.)
Paintings. (See Prints, No. 760.)
Paints and colors, prepiared, net weight; indnding in
this that of the inner wrapper
Paper or pasteboMd, manufactures of^ gross weight. . . .
Paper:
Straw, gross weight
MarblecL glossed, andcolored for book-binders, gross
weight
Silk, white or colored, gross weight
For stamping crockery, gross weight
For impressions, sized on one sme or not, gross
weight
Very and moderately white snd fine, ruled or not,
including that used for cigarettes, gross weight.
White or colored for accounts and letters, ruled or
not, and with or without gUt edges, gross weight
kUo.
.do.
..do.
.do.
.do.
do
.do
do
do
do
do
do
.^o
.do
..do
.do
..do.
each.
kUo.
.do
do
do
.do
kilo.
.do
do
.do
db
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
a
ss
a
o
9>
OQ
65
66
$0 43
20
86
66
20
10 50
50
75
76
50
67
50
10 00
20
48
100
50
50
14
10
50
SO
10
60
60
50
400
ioo
20
50
00
10
200 000
02
50
50
50
2 00
1 00
20
60
20
48
60
76
1 00
10 00
100
1 00
48
48
50
60
20
60
20
50
16
48
60
75
07
60
17
10
17
50
60
60
10
60
20
60
48
M
s
t-l
•as
H
p
50
I
TASIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL C0UNTBIE8.
309
DuUable inipori*— Continaed.
KvmlMrs.
884
«86
887
8M
806
807
806
688 [800]
680
[700
600
701
601
702
602
708
803
704
604
705
605
705
888
770
887
272]
[278]
[712]
700 [713]
701 [718]
702 [276]
768
704
706
706
707
724]
314
540'
550
781
708 [340]
700
710 784
711
751]
735
712 [723
718
[723]
[724]
714
715 [726]
n8
717 [438]
718
710 [464]
720 [617]
721 [727]
722 [724]
728 [406]
724 [782]
725 [732
726 185
727 [783'
728 [65]
720 [453]
730 [737]
731
732
[738]
[730]
Artiolea.
Large Bristol paper, white or eolored
For walla, gilt, sUTerccl, or velvet-like, gross weight
For walls, Sce,^ colored, common, gross weight
Albnminixed, of all colors, gross weight
Bngraved or lithographed, for envelopes and tick-
ets, gross weight.
Gildea or silvered surface, for ornaments, gross
weight
Music, roled, gross weight.
Blotting and copying, for press, gross weight
■ " )ka
Oil, for copying-books, gross weight
Porcelain, gross weight
Lead, gross weight.
Sand, gross weight
For making ^ying cards. (See Pasteboard, No. 608.)
Parasols. (See Umbrellas, Nos. 1042 to 1045.)
Pasteboard, all thicknesses, beaten or not, including
bristol board and glazed board and all others similar
excepting what is nsed for making cards (playing),
gross weight
Pasteboard and papei for making cards, upon appraised
value.. .
Pastes, mineral, for razor-strops. (See razor strops.
No. 760 a.)
Pastes and lozenges, medicinal, of all substances, net
weight, including in this that of the inner wrapper. . .
Pastes for refreahmg and beautifying the skin. (See
Perfumery, No. 713.)
Patterns of pasteboard for cards and other uses, gross
weight
Pearls, imitation of. (See Beads, Ka 62.)
Pegs and nails for interior of pianos, gross weight
Pencil-cases not o f silver, gross weight
Pencils, lead, of all classes, gross weight
Pen-holders, all classes not lulver or gold (see Ko. 506),
gross weight
Penknives, according to class. (See knives, Kos. 665
and 556.)
Pens, of any metal not silver or gold, gross weight
Pepper, fine and ordinary, net weight
Peppers, large, in oil or powder, net weight, including
tne weight of vessels that contain them
Pepsine, gross weight i
Perfumery, pomaoM, cosmetics, and perfumed oil for
the hair ; powder and opiates for the teeth ; powdera
and pastes for refreshing and beautifying toe skin ;
essences and extracts for the toilet, gross weight
Petroleum, crude. (See Turpentine, No. 1041.)
Petroleum and coal oil, without allowance for leakage,
net weight
Pewter. (See Solder, Nos. 005 and 006.)
Phaetons. (See Carriages, No. 198.)
Photographs. (See Prmts, No. 760.)
Photographs of all sizes. (See Priifts, No. 700.)
Pianos:
Liside works of, ready for mounting. (See Pianos,
No. 721.)
All classes ; also the works put up ready for mount*
ing in case, gross weight
Iron or thin plates of iron or brass for the construc-
tion of, gross weight
Pickles, in vinegar ana sauces, net weight, including
weight of the vessels that contain them
Pieces, separate, of swords. (See Swords, No. 068.)
Pieces, separate, of syringes. (See Syringes, No. 060.)
Pillows. (See Mattresses, No. 606.)
Pills of all substancea and manufacturos, net weight,
including in this that of the inner wrapper
Pins and Imir-pins, common, gross weight
Pins, large, according to claiis. (See Rings, Nos. 775 and
776.)
Pipes:
Smoking, with ornaments of gold or silver, gross
weight
Of wood or gypsum, gross weight.
Not having omamenu of gold or silver and not be-
ing of wood or gypsum, gross weight
kilo.
.do .
..do.
.do.
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
J
88
I
10 48
14
10
43
43
20
24
13
07
48
07
06
17
65
20
43
29
67
10
20
86
28
48
600
86
00
W
$0 60
60
5(^
50'
50*
50-
60'
50>
50>
50>
SO
5»
60
50
50
50
50
60
60
50
75-
75-
50
1 OO
7S
60
43
75-
10
50
48
60
60
29
50
50
1 16
25
76.
60
V^
SIO
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Dutiable importe — ContiDned.
2f ambers.
733 [7391
734 [38J
735
[7411
786
742
737
122
738
445
739
8361
740
837
741
371]
742
[646
743
751
744
763
745
1835
746
378
747
750
748
757]
749 [758]
750 [759]
751 [760]
762 [686]
53 [754]
54 [765]
753
754
755 [7551
706 [755]
757 [756]
758
759
700
470
762
r418
761 [484
702 [485'
763 [173
764 [750]
7C5 [826]
700 [791]
767 [771]
768 [648]
709 [649]
769a [126]
770
771
772
77a
774
775
349
704
794
14
43
92
776 [93]
77 r
78 [
777
7
103
104
77.1
[105]
780
106
781
106
782
324]
A tides.
Pistols, according to class. (See Arms, Nos. 722 to 724. )
Pitch. (See Tar, No. 987.)
Plaids:
Of cassimerc of wool - . .
Not cassimere of wool
Plaques, or plated metal, oot specified, gross weight. . .
Plaqae and Get man silver in sheets, gross weight
Plasters and court-plaster, gross weight
Plasters, veKicatlng, gross weight
Plates and locks oi iron or brass and their keys, loose,
gross weight ,
Playing cards, all classes
Plumes for adornment. (See Flowets, No. 395.)
Points for pencil cases, gross weight
Points or tips for billiard cues, gro!>s weight
Polish for shoes. (See Blacking, No. 93.)
Pomades. (See Perfumery, No. 713.)
Pomades and ointments, medicinal, all substances and
manufactures, gross weight
Porcelain. (See Crockery, Nos. 814 to 316.)
Portemonnaies :
Of leather, with or without bronze, not gilded or
plated, gross weijiht
Of ivory, tortoise-shell, and shell with or without
frame of metal not of silver or gold, gross weight. .
Potatoes, gross weight
Powder:
Gun, for hunters, gross weight
For bronzing, gross weight
Tooth. (See Perfumery, 713.)
For refreshing and beautifying the skin. (See Per-
fumery, No. 713.)
Medicinal of all substances and manufactures, net
weight, including in this the weight of the inner
package
Preserved fruits. (See Confections, No. 262.)
Presses of Iron for copying le Iters, gross weight
Prints, paintings, engravings, and photographs of all
sizes with or without frames, gross weigbt
Pulleys, wheel-works, and pulleys of iron, gross weight
Same, of brass, &c
Pursesof all classes, even such as are of silk, for money,
with tassels and rings, loose or fixed or loose and not
of gold or silver, gross weight
Quills, writing
(jniniue, sulphate of, net weighty including in this the
weight of the inner package
Railing for balconies and windows. (See Iron, wrought,
No. 633.)
Kappee. (See Snuff, No. 899.)
Razors, with handles of bom, bone or wood, with or
without cases, gross weight
Razors with handles of ivory, shell, tortoise shell, with
or without cases, gross weight
Razor-strops, all kinds, for razors, and paste for same,
gross weight
Reps, of wool. (See Woolen goods. No. 1116.)
Reps, of wool, fine. (See Woolen goods. No. 1117.)
Resins. (See Gums, No. 465.)
Rice, gross weight
Rings and fixtures for poles of coaches, gross weight . . .
Rings, finger and ear, breast-pins, necklaces, largo pins
of ordinary metal, that is, without {zilding, plating, or
false stones, gross weight
Same, of metal, gilded or plated, with or without false
stones, gross weight
Rings :
Of metal. (See Rings, Nos. 775 and 776.)
For harnesses, key-rings, &c., of iron or steel, gross
weight
For curtains, &c., of brass, gross weigbt
With screws, gross weight
For money pui-ses. (S«>e Purses, No. 7(33.)
Rockets and tire-crackers, Chinese, gross weight
ea
9
^
sq. m
kUo!!
.do.,
.do.,
.do..
..do.,
gross
kilo,
.do.
do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
M .
kilo
..do.
do .
..do.
do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
.do
"-a
a 9
«o
P4
s
•a
o
1
OQ
$1 40
57
86
29
75
1 00
29
12 00
57
43
70
86
02
1 00
1 15
30
19
67
19
29
86
2 20
03
29
86
43
07
19
86
1 15
19
29
20
62
s
§8
$1 00
1 00
75
50
50
50
50
50
75
60
50
SO
50
50
75
75
60
50
75
50
50
75
SO
1 00
50
76
75
50
60
75
100
50
60
60
bO
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES.
311
JJutUibU ifliport*— Continiied.
KnnibMV.
783 [771
784 [337
785 [800
786
787
[4871
[525]
788 [520]
789
[527
790
528
791
837
792
29]
793 [ 30]
794 1260]
795
3491
796
803
797
52
798
215
799
128
800
803
^1
806
802
807
803
[804]
804
«05
806
son
804
804
804
805
808 [597
S09 815
mo 393
811 807
812 200
813 383
«14
815 [807]
sie
sn
«18 [104]
819 [195J
■820 [196]
821
S'22
S'23
824
^5
196
197
849
850
851
486
827
[762]
828
W
829
861
830
414
S31
820]
832 [671]
^3
834
835
672
673
074
836 [675]
Articles.
Boots, medicinal, groaa weij^ht
Kope, all kinds, of cotton, linen, or hemp, net weight . .
Rosaries. (See Beads, No. 65.)
Bnbber:
For erasing, gross weight
In blocks and pieces, except snch as comes with
machinery, gross weight
In pieces, for billiard tables and sheeting, gross
weight
Shoes and boots, all forms and sizes, gross weight..
Pieces of dress, all forms and sizes, gross weijeht. . .
Bags, of pnre hemp or tow. (See Carpets, ^o. 189.)
Bom, arrack, and kirschwasser. in earthen Jags, bot* ^
ties, and dem^ohns, without allowance for breakage >
or leakage, net weight 3
Same, in casks, witbont allowance for leakage, &o .
Sacking. (See Linen, "So. 583.)
Sacks:
Unmade. (See Bags, No. 31.)
Beady-made. (See Bags, No. 81.)
Saddles, all classes, upon appraised value
Safes and cofl'ers, of iron, for money, gross weight
Saffron, dry or in oil, net weight
Sago, pEdm. (See Starch, No. 930.)
Salaoine, a salt gross weight
Salmon. (See Tunny, No. 1040.)
Salt common, for table use, gross weight
Salts:
Of atropia. (See Ati'opia, No. 26.)
Of strychnine. (See Strychnine, No. 960.)
. Of morphine. (See Morphine, No. 622.)
Salts and sulphates of, all substances, not otherwise
stated, net weight, includintr in this the weight of the
inner wrapper.
Sand, fine, of glass. (See Paper, No. 694.)
Sardines. (See Tunny, No. IMO.)
Sarsaparilla. (See EMences, No. 366.)
Sauces, compounded. (See Pickles, No. 723.)
Sausages, in any case or package, net weight
Sausage, all kinds, in any case or package, net weight.
Sausages. (See Hams, 1^0.479.)
Sausages, larse and small, in any sort of covering, net
weight, including in this that of the inner wrapper.
Scales. (See Balances, No. 39.)
Scarfs. (See Blouses, No. 99.)
Scarfs:
Of cotton and other analogous material
Of wool, plain or stamped, and other analogous, ma-
terial.
Of woolen yam, twilled, plush-like, or shaggy, vel-
vet-like, and other analogous texture.
Of wool and cotton. (See CkKxis, Na 455.)
Of silk, net weight
Scissors, wrought, less than. 14 centimeters long, gross
weight
Same, more than 14 centimeters, &o
Same, stamped out all sizes, gross weight '. . .
Screw-jacks, iron, gross weight
Screws:
Used for wire in pianos. (See Pegs, No. 704.)
Iron, all sizes, with or without nuts, gross weight..
Brass, all sizes, &o ^
Seafoam. (See Amber, No. 15.)
Seeds, medicinal, gross weight
Shawls:
Long and square, any class, of cotton, not including
in the measure the fringe.
Wool, all colors, plain, twilled or worked, not, ice..
Embroidered, in the same material, not, Sco ,
Silk, with or without fringe, even when their bor-
ders are of other material, not fine metal, net
weight
Silk, net, aU ctasses, net weight
s
p •
{I
IS
^
kilo.
..do .
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do .
.do.
.do.
.do
.do
..do
.do
.do
do
a
I
65
sq. m.*
.do ...
kUb.
..do .
.do
do
.do
..do
.do
.do
sq. m.
..do .
..do.
kilo.
.do
0
!
09
$0 20
2 00
20
10
48
48
143
67J
125
48}
105
19
882
200
OS
15
24
24
24
17
23
20
14 84
86
29
10
10
19
29
20
16
88
50
14 84
28 68
$0 50
100
50
60
60
50
76
60
60
60
50
1 00
60
60
60
60
60
60
100
100
1 00
1 00
60
60
60
60
60
60
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
* 1 meter equals 89.37 inches.
312
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
DuUdble ifiipoW«-— Continued.
Numbers.
887 f776]
888 L776]
839
[777]
840
778
841
779
842
780
843
781
844
782
846
[783]
846 [784]
847 [786]
848 [786]
849 [787]
850 [788]
861 [789]
852 [700]
853 [79]]
854 [542]
856
856
85'
6 [287]
7 [238]
858 [230]
659 [240]
860 [244]
861
862
863
864
865
245
246
247
248
416
866 [889]
867 [890]
868 [891]
860 [892]
870 [893]
871 [646]
[388]
872
873 [297]
874 [680]
876 [581]
876 [584]
Articles.
ShawU— CoDtiniied.
Bebozoe, a kind of tcarf for the head and shoulders,
pecnliar to the coontry, of cotton, stamped, mar*
Died, striped, with flffnres or imitation figures, np
to 26 threads of weu and woof in a square of |
centimeter sq.
Same, of cotton, &o., of more than 26 and up to 38
threads of, ^ito do
Same, from 38 to 64 threads of, &o do
Same, of wool, Sec, up to 26 threads of web, Ste do
Same, of wool, &c., from 26 to 88 threads of, Ax do
Same, of linen. Sec., up to 26 thrvads of, dtc do
Same, of linen, &o., from 26 to 38 threads of, &e do
Same, of linen, &c., from 88 to 64 threads of, ice do
Same, of silk, &c., up to 26 threads ot &c., net
weight kilo.
Same, of silk, dec, from 26 to 38 threads of, &e., net
weight do
Same, of silk, &c., from 38 to 64 threads of. Sec, net
weight do
Same, of linen and cotton, in any proportion, up to
26 threads of, &o sq.m/
Same, of linen and cotton. Sec, from 26 to 38 threads
of,&o : do
Same, of linen and cotton, Sec, from 38 to 64 threads
of, See do
Same, of silk, with a mixture of cotton, linen, or
wool, in any proportion, up to 26 threads ot Sec,
net weight kilo.
Same, of silk, with. Sec, from 26 to 38 threads of,
&.C. , net weight do
Same, of silk, with, Ac, from 38 to 64 threads of,
net weight do
Sheets of solder or pewter. (See Solder, Xa 906.)
Shell. (See Amber, No. 15. )
Shirts, cotton, white and colored:
For men doz
Forboys do
Shirts, cotton, plain or embroidered, with bosoms, col-
lars, and cnfid of linen :
For men
Forboje
Shirts:
Outer, of wool, with or without adornments of silk
or other materials
Linen, plain, white or colored, for men
Of linen, plain, white or colored, for boys
Of linen, embroidered, for men
Same, for boys
Shoe-pegs, for boots and shoes and other uses, gross
weight kilo.
Shoes:
Low, of skin or material not silk, for ladies, and ex
ceeding 18 1 centimeters of sole doz
Leather, all classes, for men, and exceeding 18 oen
timeters of sole do
Leather or cloth that is not silk, low, for children, .
up to 18 centimeters of sole do
Silk, with or without ornaments, not exceeding 18
centimeters of sole do
Silk, for ladies, with or without ornaments, and ex-
ceeding 18 centimeters of sole
Shot, of lead, gross weight
Shuttles, tattmg, and tonus for winding of whatever
materia], not gold or silver, gross weight
Sieves and strainers, of wire, gross weight
Silk, all manufactures of, pui'e, of whatever class or de-
nominations, with the exception of those specified,
even having a mixture of metal, not gold or silver do
Silk, Koods and textures of, including ribbons, sashes,
hanakerchiefs, kerchiefs, and other analogous materi-
als having only on the border or edge a mixture of
other material, will pay the quota corresponding to
puresilk do
Silk. (See Goods.)...
* One meter equals 39.37 inches. t Centimeter equals .3987 of an
do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do.
kilo.
..do.
..do.
o
a
I
91 06
1 86
438
127
1 86
1 75
263
650
15 00
20 00
81 00
1 60
2 19
8 76
843
12 32
20 75
4 00
2 00
7 00
8 50
900
15 00
8 00
24 00
12 00
10
5 60
7 00
600
7 00
10 00
06
86
19
14 84
14 84
inch.
U3 3
IE
o 5
$1 09
1 09
1 00
1 00
1 oa
1 09
1 00
1 oo
1 oo
1 09
1 09
1 09
109
1 09
1 OO
1 09
1 09
1 09
1 00
1 09
1 99
1 99
1 99
1 90
1 00
1 00
60
75
1 00
76
1 00
1 00
60
76
60
1 00
lOO
TARIFFS OF THE SEYESAL COUNTBIES.
31$
DuHahle importa — Contmned.
^TvinberB.
877 [616]
878 1766]
879 [817
680 818
881 819
l?J?l
884 [748]
886 [161]
[782]
3981
399
400
401,
740]
887
888
889
880
801
892 [608]
893 [175]
894 [132]
895 [133]
896 [134]
897
898
[743]
899 [829]
900 [387]
901
902
903
904
905
906
530,
53l1
291
821
[SI
907 [ 95]
908
909
010
on
912
913 [357]
95]
412
409
r412
914 [358]
915 [359]
916 [360]
917 [361]
918 [413]
919 [414]
920
921
922
923
924 653
641
642
643
Articles.
Silk:
Kano&eturea and fiftbric« of, not tpeciflod, net
weisht
Net 01 tulle, plain or embroidered, net weight; in-
cladinK in this that of the boxes in wliich they
come and the wrappers aroond them
Baw, net weight
Twisted, net weight
Floss, all classes and colors, net weight ■
surer:
False, beaten in leaf^ gross weight
Wrought in all classes of pieces, of this metal only,
net weight
With alloy of gold, net weight
Skins, calf, tanned and dressed, patent leather, kid
skins, morocco leather, and all classes of prepared
skins and leathers, net weight
Skins or fors, manoiactares of, as moffo, tippets, &c.,
net weight
Skirto:
Cotton, unmade, embroidered
Same, plain
Wool, of all classes
Linen, unmade, with or without embroidery
Slates and slate pencils, and imitation in pasteboard,
iron, brass, porcelain, with or without frames, gross
weigfit
Sledge^hammers or mallets of iron or steel, gross
weight
Slipper patterns, Sec, wool, invoice value
Slippers :
All kinds, in pattern that have a mixture of silk or
metal, net welpbt
In patt^-ms of silk, with or without a mixture of
metal, net weight
Any material other thui silk or metal^ and that ex-
ceed 18 centimeters of sole
Sam4>, not exceeding 18 cents. Sec
Smoothing-irons for laundresses, hatmakers, and shoe«
makers, gross weight
Snuff or rappee, net weight; including in this the
weight of the flJEiskB or bottles In which it comes, with-
out allowance for leakage or breakage
Snuffers and trays of steel, iron, or brass, gross weight.
Soap:
Common, not perfumed, gross weight
Fine, with or without perfume, gross weight
Sockets for end of canes. (See Handles, No. 492.)
Soda, caustic, gross weight
Solder or pewter:
In bars, gross weight
In sheets or leaves, all thicknesses, gross weight. . .
Spectacles, eye-glasses, mounted :
In any material other than gold or silver, gross
weight
In gold or silver. (See Jewels, No. 542.)
Sperm, in blocks or large squares, net weight
Spices. (See Cloves, No. 244.)
Spirits of wine. (See Alcohol, No. 11.)
Spokes. (See Wheels, No. 1084.)
Spoons, all sizes, and forks, covered with tin, gross
weight
Same, of brass, gross weight
Same, of white metal, not tinned Iron or plaque,
gross weight
kilo.
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
dos
..do
..do
..do
kilo.
.do
do
do
do
dos
..do
kilo.
..do
..do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
Same, of gilded metal, gross weight i..do
Same, of plated metal, gross weight.
Sponges:
Fine, for toilet, gross weight
Ordinary, gross weight
Springs. (See Axletrees, No. 28.)
' For doors, gross weight
And axletrees for carriages, gross weight
Spring movements for bells, gross weight
Springs and catches used for openmg and dosing
roon of carriages, and made of iron or brass, gross
weight
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
&
do
55
114 34
28 68
1 91
8 60
5 73
29
22 00
38 00
1 48
2 00
7 00
5 00
10 00
15 00
10
10
57
15 00
6 00
2 00
10
2 50
29
15
1 15
8
29
32
1 15
36
19
29
43
1 15
86
1 15
29
19
12
29
19
$1 OO'
1 0(^
1 OO
100
1 09
1 OO'
1 00
lOO
1 00
1 00
1 OO
1 00'
1 00
60
60
1 00
75.
1 OO
1 00>
1 00
50
50
50
50
75
50'
5(^
50
1 00
50
50
50
SO
75
75
7S
60
50
50
50
^
314
TARIFFS OF THE 8EVEBAL COUNTRIES.
Dutiable importo— Continned.
2f ambers.
925
7981
926
17
927
435
9J8
[467]
929 [ 811
930 [442]
931
[421
932
422
iKia
423
934
[424]
935
[425
936
15
937
15
-«38
939
940
941
942
25]
369]
430
426
225]
827]
944
628]
«45
629
946
030
•947
335
^48
[729]
949
730
950
731
951
[731]
955
123]
956
6171
057
699
958
[368]
961
902
903
1291
130
825
972
^73
4>74
269
r270
271
952
-953 [433]
954 [303]
959 [859]
■goo [431]
Aitioles.
904 [825]
-965
966 (107]
967 [108]
968 [523]
969 [537]
970 [533]
971 [534]
Same, for cnrtttine of carrlAfses, gross weight
Spurs, common, without gilding or plAtlng, gross weight
Bqneezers, of wood or iron, for finut, gross weight
Sunds for liquors. (See Cases No. 209.)
Starch:
All kinds, gross weight
Com and other, fur cakes, Sec, of all materials, net
weight
Statues and busts :
Fine, of marble, gross weight
Common marble, gross* weight
Gypsum or stucco, gross weight
Statues of alabaster, iron, copper, zinc, bronze, and com-
position of ordinary metals, gross weight
Steanne, in blocks, net weight
Steel, excepting mining bars, net weight
In plates. (See Metal in plates, No. 614.)
Steels:
For knives. (See Steels, No. 939.)
For table use, with or without handles, gross weight .
Steps for coaches, gross weight
Steieoscopes, all cmsses, gross weight
Stockings. (See Half-bose. )
Cotton, wool, or linen, all classes and colors, for
adults
Cotton or linen, all classes and colors, for children. .
Wool, all classes and colors, for children
Silk, all classes and sizes, net weight
Stoppers. (See Corks, No. 269.)
Sotnes:
Giind, gross weight
Sharpening, for knives and razors, gross weight
Flint, gross weight
Precious. (See Jewels, No. 542.)
Stoves:
With ornaments. (See Fire-grates, No. 888.)
Without ornaments. (See Fire-grates, No. 384.)
Strainers. (See Sieves, No. 873.)
Straw {eane or reed):
Manufactures of, not specified, net weight
Manufactures of, not specified, net weight
For hats, net weight
Strings, all classes and materials for musical instru-
ments, gross weight
Strips of cotton or linen embroidered. (See embroid-
ery. No. 359.)
Strychnine and its saltii, net weight; including in the
weight the inner wrapper
Sugar:
Common, gross weight
Kefined, gross weight
Sulphates of all substances except those specified. (See
Salts, No. 807.)
Sunshades, according to class. (See Umbrellas, No.
1042 to 1045.)
Suspenders. (See Braces, No. 270.)
Swords:
With or without ornaments, engraved or perfo-
rated, not gilded or plated on the blade, hilt,
sheath, or scabbard, gross weight
With blade, hilt, sheath, or scabbard gilded or
plated, gross wtight
Blades and piec^^s that are not plated or gilded,
gross weight
Syringes, of all materials not gold or silver, in boxes
or not, and their separate pieces, gross weight
Syrups:
Not medicinal, without allowance for leakage, net
weight
Medicinal, all classes and all mauufactures, not
weight, including in the weight the inner covering
Table-covers:
Wool, plain or twilled, all colors
Wool, aamask or velvet-like and corded, all colors . .
And bed-spreads, silk, plain, figured, or embroid-
ered, net weight
* 1 meter equals 39.37 inches.
^
kilo.
..do.
..do.
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
doz .
..do .
..do.
kilo.
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
.do
do
. .do ...
so. m.*
. .ao ...
kUo.
So
"S
P
O
1
10 29
58
19
12
34
19
9
29
18
06
20
19
00
1 76
66
77
14 84
(»
12
10
43
43
43
43
12 00
10
15
62
70
14 84
s
.p
II
§8'
IS
$0 50
90
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
90
50
90
50
1 00
100
1 00
1 00
50
60
50
75
75
75
75
1^
50
50
19
50
90
50
43
50
29
50
1 00
50
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
TAEIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
315
Dutiable imporU — Continued.
Komben.
875 [535J
976
977 [816
^8 |73]
979 [306;
980 [3071
981 [308]
982 [309]
983 [310J
964 [3U]
985
[3111
086
311
987
88
988
74
989
839
990
[ M]
991 [841]
992 [841]
4193 [841]
994 [842]
995 [843]
996 [848]
997 [848]
998
909
[^]
1000 [258]
1001
[512]
1002
515
1003
514
1004
514
1005
[515]
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
516
517
518
519
520
521
560
1013
1014
3 [131]
4 t84ll
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
522
522
29i;
827]
8281
830]
831J
832]
833
834
848
ArticlM.
.do
do
..do
Tackle or rigadnfi, all daiwes, ktoss weight
Taoks. (Seo r^ails, Nob. 316 and 3 L7. )
Tallow. allclaMea, net weight '..do
Tanned skins. (See Skins, No. 885 )
Tapes, braids, narrow tape edging of cotton, white or
colored, net weight
Same of wool, white or colored, net weight
Tapea, braids, and narrow edgings of linen or hemp,
white or colored, net weight
Same of si^k, all kinds, oven with borders of other *
materials, not of precious metal, net weight
Same of silk, with mixture of cotton or linen in the
entire texture, net weight
Same of silk, with mix tui o of wool, wool and cotton,
or wool and linen in all the textare, net weight. .
Tapes, wool, with bugles. (See Fringe, No. 404.)
Tapes, silk, with bugles. (See Fringe, No. 406.)
Tar and pitch, gross weight
Tare, or fruit of carob tree, net weight
Tea, all classes, net weight
Telescopes and opera-glasses, with or witiiout case,
gross weight
Textures :
Cotton, according to class. (See C otton goods, Nos.
279 to 288.)
Wool, according, Slc. (See Woolen goods, Nos. 1115
to 1118.)
Linen or hemp, according, Stc. (See Linen goods,
Nos. 583 to 588.)
And all manufactures of pure silk, excepting those
specified, of all classes and denominations, net
weight
Of silk, with mixture .of fine metal in any nropor-
tion and any figure or form, upon appraised value.
Silk, with mixture of any material, according to
class. (See Goods, Nos. 448 to 454.)
Hetal, according to class. (See Galloon, Nos. 420,
423.)
Thimbles:
Not gilded or plated, gross weight
Gilded or plated. (See MetaL No. 612, and plaques
No. 787.)
Thread:
Cotton, linen, or hemp, or mixture of these mate-
rials for embroidery, gross weight
Cotton, on spools, np to 275* meters each
Cotton, in balls or sKeins, net weight
Cotton, carded for long shawls, net weight
Wool. (See Yam, No. 1122.)
And cord, common, coarse of crude hemp, includ-
ing such as is half twisted, all thicknesses, net
weight
Hemp, in spools, all colors, up to 275 meters each.
Fine, of hemp, in balls or skeins, net weight
Linen, in spools, up to 275 meters each
Linen, balls or skeins, net weight
Linen, carded, for shawls, net weight
Silk in spools, net weight ,
Thongs. (See Whips, No. 1089.)
Tiles:
Glazed \ H-.
Boof, of clay, of all classes '..do
Tin: I
All classes, net weight ' kilo
Tin. (See Iron, No. 527.)
Tips for billiard cues. (See Points, No. 745.)
Tobacco :
Chewing, net weight do
Dust (dipping), net weight L.do
Leaf, not Virginia, net weight . . do
Loaf, Virginm, net weight ..do
Cigarettes, all classes, including the paper boxes
in which the^ come, net weight do
Cigars, not weight L.do
Smoking, net weight do
Tongs and shovels for fire-places or stoves, gross
weljfht do
do
.do.
doz .
kilo,
.do.
.do.
doz.
kilo,
doz.
kUo.
.do.
.do.
1 15
14 84
65
29
67
14
1 43
1 43
12
18
16
20
16
16
860
660
1 65
14
1
4
1
62
00
25
16
26
90
25
19
100
1 00
1 oo'
60
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
1 00
1 00
50
1 00
1 00
1 50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
TABIFF8 OP THE SEVERAL CODNTBIEB.
DiMabte iMiporl*— Contiimed.
1(07 |IK]
1038 I8ST1
10«I [SKa]
.aa I7M1
lOM [805]
> [7121
) [870]
TooU isd liutmiiMila of Ino, bnat, Med, or woad,
DT BompOTcd of Ui€M nutorUla. for utlBMU, ITDM
Tootbplolu, *11 eliim, twI gold or itlTer, ctom «al){lit.
'"-■■- '-- (See PerfnmMT, Ho-JIA)
rht..
Towof beiDp.'gioH waist
Toys ud puytUugi, aU
IlAt. (SeeW>llfn.Tlo. lOU.)
Hollow. oTBl. (Sh Wkltert, No. lOW. )
Tnyt, ror aDaffert. (6ae Snnflen. No. MM.)
Trlmmlngi. (BeeFrlngu, li'as.408U)4aS.)
Leiitber of ill kinds, wiib Inn or brua bn>
ll
irelght..
bei (or lamp wtcki, dm (Uvei or ctoH. gnaa weldit
nnj (fiah), aaidlnu, ulmon, andiJlolberaab.iiioined
■lt«l,orlnDlI.iDc]aaiDi(BuiliDi.->iDlODiHt« or butter,
Tnrpeatlue, oapbUia, and orvde petrolinini (aisoDtlve
ilEcreBorjanoas.ieW)
Unibrellaa, abadea, and panioU, cotton .-..-■
in nettlnx.BBt weight..
t^T UDBoled allppera. (S«e Slippara, Ifaa. St
obUdren, net
YBleriaDtea (mac
Including Id
if».r"'
allklnda.D«t«ciiihtlD
ir adolta and
. net woiBht ;
Vallaea. <Sce Baai
Varnlab. all kinda. i.<^i -^
tbe loner coverlog. witboot
or breakage
Vecetablea, preaerred. dry, or
tha welgbt Ibe Inner wmpper
Teloeipedea, groaa weight.
Veneera, of wblt« wood, for gi
Viaea, bU
s of fine wood; aqoare feet
la (vegetable alkaloid), net waigbli luclnding in
»m, macaroni, and ll&e eabVunua,' Eniaa wetEbt!
-' '.ofaloekingnet
if tba, groaa weight
Height i wlthont allow-
demUobn
wTlhout iJlDWance'ror iaak-
Woshbowla
Watchea, a
composed, dlstiUedoraplrltooi
weightTiucliidlag in the
welgbt the loner coTcilng I.. do .
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES.
317
Dutiaible imports — Continned.
IfombcTS.
Articles.
1072 [ 38]
1073
1074
1076
301
302
541
1076 [844
1077 1 845
1078 [846;
1079 [7981
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
[1491
150
524;
864
623
798
798
801
802
356
1090 [ 81]
1091 [ 82]
1002 [668]
1093 [6241
1094
1095
1096 [879]
1097 [880]
1098 [8811
1099 [882]
1100 [883]
UOl [ 44]
1102 [ 45]
U05 [ 48]
1103
1104
1106 [ 49]
1107
U08
1109
1110
nil
1112
1113
1114
1U5
50
51
[405;
m
1547]
548
584
670
1116 [OTl]
1117 [672]
Mineral, natural or artificial, net weight ; including
the weight or the inner covering
Wax:
White or yellow, net weight •
Virrin, net weight
Seuing, gross weight
Web:
Of iron wire, gross weight
Of brass wire, gross weight
Horsehair, all cuiases and colors, for covering f uml-
tore
Weighing macnines. (See ba]anc«s. "So. 39.)
WhSebone :
Worked, gross weight
Kot worked, gross weight
Whalebone. (See Bone, No. 109.)
Wheat, net weight
Wheels and spokes for carriages ; npon appraised value .
Wheels, small. (See PoUeys, Kos. 761 and 762.)
For bits of iron or brass. (See Bits, Xa 79. )
Separate, for carts of all dijmensions
Separate, for coaches and other carriages
Whips, all classes not having gold or silver batt, grues
weight
Whisky : »
In earthen jugs, bottles, and demyohns ; without )
allowance for breakage or leakage, net weight. . >
^ casks, without allowance for breakage or leak- ^
age« net weight 5
Wick of cotton, for candles, gross weight
Wicks:
Of cotton, for lamps, gross weight
Of cotton, for pocket Bint and steri
Window-blinds, painted in colors, with oil or plain,
gross weight
Wine, white, all classes, in bottles or demi^johns, with- )
out allowance for leakage or breakage, net weight. . . )
Same, in vessels of wood, without allowance for ?
leakage, net weight >
Wine, red, all classes, in bottles and demyohns, with- 1
out allowance for breakage, net weight >
Same in vessels of wood, without allowance for I
leakage, net weight 5
Wines, meoicinal, of all substances and manufactures,
netweight
Wire, iron or steel, galvanized or not, for whatever use,
except that proved to be for telegraph, according to
No. 80, of article 16, gross weight
Wiro:
Iron, barbed, for fences, and hooks andfnails, to&sten
them, gross weight
Brass or copper, gross weitiht
White, for nowers and embroideries, twisted with-
out being plated, gross weight
Not incluoeo in No. 1104, flat, round or twisted, and
cord of white or yellow metal, not gold or silver
plated, gross weight
Same, including No. 1104, gold or silver plated, gross
weight
Same, of silver, gilded or not with gold, gross weight.
Covered for crinolines, gross weight
Worked for hats, Mexican style, &o, (See Wire,
Nos. 1106 to 1107.)
Ehprings, for furniture and other uses, gross weight. .
Wooa or gutta peroha, manulkctures of, not specified,
gross weight
Wool:
In the fleece, netweight
Carded, netweight
Wool. (See goods.)
Woolen goods and textures, light, suitable for
dresses, plain white or ooloreo, as muslins and
other analogous materials
Same, or twilled (as merinosand cashmeres), worked,
twilled in strips, and embossed of all coloi-s
Suitable for furniture (as damask eoUlma reps and
others similar)
is
kilo.
do
do
do
do
do
sq.m.*
kilo,
.do.
.do
..do
Ulo.
«
..do .
.do.
.do.
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
sq.m.*
..do...
..do...
56
t
o
9
I
GO
$0 20
63
67
86
19
29
22
29
19
04
13 20
20 00
67
{|}
} 06|1
13
28
29
1 00
10
02
29
1 00
1 20
240
7 00
12
29
29
12
18
28
28
36
s
r
$0 50
75
'"*75
50
50
50
50
50
60
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
50
50
75
50
50
60
76
1 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
50
80
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
* 1 meter equals 89.89 inches.
• 318
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Dutiable imports — Continued.
19'nmben.
1118 [573]
1119
[ 5
1120
6
1121
[7e2]
1122
[417]
1123
507
1124
508
1125
509
1126
510
1127
[511]
1128
[7631
1129
894
Aitlclee.
Wood— Continued.
Same, not snitablc fordresees, plain, worked, twilled
or serge-like that for their qnality cannot be com-
prehended in "Sob. 1115 and 1116, nor in Noa. 210
and 243
Wraps :
Of fine wool. (See Bloases, No. 99.)
Of skin». (See Skins, No. 886.)
Wristlets of tnr. (See Skins, No. 886.)
Yam:
Of wool, net weight
Dirty. (See Cotton, No. 266.)
Cotton, white or brown, net weight
Cotton, colored, net weight
Wool, idl classes and colors, net weight
Linen, hemp, or their tows, white or colored, net
weight
Yeast powder, net weight
Zinc, in sheets, gross weight
aa
•so
sq. m
a ^
H
«
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
0
S
I
OQ
$0 80
$1 oa
1 72
e2i
96
1 72
12
12
10
1 00
1
I
1
00
00
00
50
50
50
* 1 meter equals 39.37 inches.
Art. 19. From the amoant of import dnties 1.37 per cent, shall be delivered to the
corporatioDS of the rejapective sea-port or frontier custom-houses.
Art. 20. I. To liquidate the dnties of merchandise rated at gross weight shall he
included in this, that of the common covers of wood, clay, or glass of whatever dimen-
sions that contain them otherwise when the merchandise is rated at net weight
dnties will be collected for said common covers.
II. Fine covers remain subject to the payment of the corresponding duties according
to their class, material, and valne, even when the merchandise which they contain i»
rated at gross weight.
III. Interior wraps {ahrigoa) of merchandise shall not pay dnty up to ten meters of
coarse texture of cotton, linen, hemp, or wool.
IV. Blankets (scrapes), coverlets, or blankets (frasadas) ate not comprehended in
the preceding exemption, which, even when they come as wraps, shall cause the cor-
responding duties of this tariff.
Chapter VIII.
(See note 1, Appendix A, p. 351.)
APPRAISED VALUE OF MERCHANDISE.
Art. 21. I. Merchandise not specified in the tariff of this law shall pay 55 x>er cent.,
upon appraised value upon the highest wholesale market price. This valne will be
calculated by the appraiser of the custom-house who has been named to dispatch th&
goods and the interested party, in the presence of the collector of the port and the^
commander of the guards of the custom-house, or the clerk who they may name to act
in their stead.
II. In case the consignee of the merchandise does not conform with such vdlne, then
the interested party and appraiser shall name a third person whose decision shall be
definitive. If there should not be consent in the naming of the third party the col-
lector shall designate five persons between whom the importer shall choose one, and
not doing it soon afterwards, the first one proposed shall be taken as the chosen one.
Art. 22. When merchandise has to pay import dnties upon invoice value, and the
appraiser and the collector judge that the prices specined are yery low, three ap-
praisers, one named by the custom-house, another by the interested party or con-
signee, and the third by the same appraisers, shall name in anticipation ia case of
discord, and on such value that they may declare shall the duties have to-be paid,
not in any way taking into consideration the ori^nal consular invoice. If this valu-
ation exceeds 10 per cent, of the price declared in the invoice, the interested party
shall pay besides a fine of 25 per cent, upon the value made by the appraisers.
Chapter IX.
LOADING VESSELS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
23. Those who send merchandise, dispatch the vessels, captains, supercargoes,.
, and merchants that may have to certify to the consular invoices of the trans-
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 319
xnitters, and the captain's consnlar manifests, shall respectively comply with the for-
malities that are expressed in the following sections of this chapter:
Section Fikst. — OhJigationa of the shippers or transmitters.
Art. 24. (For important changes, see note 3, Appendix A.) Whatever individual of
a foreign country sends objects of commerce to this republic, oven though free
of duties or for federal ofiSces of the states, they shall make out invoices in triplicate
of all the commodities, fruits, or effects that he remits to each consignee.
These invoices shall be made out according to Model No. 1 that follows at the end
of this tariff law, and they must contain —
I. The name of the vessel, that of its captain, that of the port to which it is
directed, that of the consignee of the articles contained in the invoice, and the name of
the nation from which the merchandise originally proceeded, the date of the invoice,.
and the signature of the transmitter.
II. The expression, by figures and letters, of the number of bales, boxes, casks,
I>ackages, or whatever class of package in which the merchandise may come.
m. The mark and number that must be placed on each package excepting in
respect to the following : iron machinery and material for railroads, which can come
manifested with the weight of each part.
lY. A. The name, material, and class of the merchandise specified according to th&
tariff of this tariff law.
B. The quantity, by figures and letters, that must pay by the piece, pair, dozen, or
thousand.
C. The net weight of merchandise that must pay by net weight, with the expres-
sion of the unit of weight which it takes for its base.
D. The length, width, and number of pieces of merchandise that must pay by meas-
urement, expressing the unit of measure serving as the base.
£. The pieces of merchandise which must pay upon the invoice or appraised value,,
expressing the unit of money which it takes for its base.
V. In the invoices shall be expressed the value of the goods free of duty.
Art. 25. (For important changes, see note 3» Appendix A.) When in the same pack-
age merchandise comes expressed in the fractious of this tariff relating to small ware
and hardware of different rates amoug them, each class must come in a separate wrap-
per, and be marked on it its respeetive weight, that the weight of all the bulk may be
applied proportionally to the classes of merchandise which it includes.
If they lack these requisites, the duty that corresponds to the merchandise which
has the highest rate fixed will be demanded upon the weight of the entire bulk.
Art. 26. (For important changes, see note 3, Appendix A.) I. The transmitters of
effects shall jiresent for their certification three copies of each invoice to th« consul,,
consular asent, or private commercial agent of Mexico who resides in the port where
the vessel loads or in the place from which the merchandise proceeds.
In places where there is no consul oi Mexican agent, the invoices may be certified
by the consul of any friendly nation, and if there should not be one, by two mer-
chants established in the place of the permission.
II. Effects which come to the Mexican territory in transit will be subject relatively
to invoices and other custom-house requisites which are arranged by Chapter XVI of
this tariff.
Art. 27. (For important changes, see note 3, Appendix A. ) I. When any invoice shall
lack any of the precautious contained in fractions. I, II, III of article 24, there shall be
imposed upon the consignee a fine of not less thau ^ or more than $25, for each fault,,
according to what the collectors may think best in each case.
II. When there are in the invoices interlineal notes, erasures, defects, or corrections,
there shall be imposed a fine of not less than $^0 and not more than $*200.
III. When the manifestation of merchandise in consular documents is made in an
ambiguous manner, designating only in general terms and without subjection to the
nomenclature of the tariff of this tariff law, there shall be imposed a penalty of double
duties on the merchandise which comes declared ambiguously, having this casu to
examine the entire bulk of the cargo.
IV. Invoices can continue to come in the language of the country from which the
effects proceed, and the consignees will not incur the penalty of ambiguity pointed
out in the preceding fraction always that the declarations are made in adcierniinate
and clear manner that leaves no doubt respecting the rates or the tariff which must
be applied to it.
Art. 2o7 (For important changes, see note 3, Appendix A.) I. In fault of any of the
requisites designated in fraction 4 of article 24, when said fault does not produce am-
biguity, the nenalty for which is double duties, according to fraction III of article 27
of this tariff Jaw, the collectors shall impose in each case, according to the circum-
stances that concur, and for each one of the faults, a fine whose maximum shall not
exceed $200.
320 TABIPPS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
II. When for lack of conformity of the interested parties it mast, according to this
tariff law« sabmit the case to a judicial decision, the latter is intended to determine
if it had been a fault, being in such case the exclusive power of the collectors to fix
afterwards the amount of the fine within the maximum designated.
Art. 29. (For important changes see note 3, Appendix A.) I. For the simultaneous
Tfanlt of the consular certification and receipt ot the invoices, the penalty of paying
■double duty upon the merchandise which comes without invoice is imposed.
II. In case that the invoices are presented with the consular certihcation and do
not present at the same time the corresponding receipt of the Mexican consul, a pru-
dent time shall be conceded for its presentation, previously guaranteeing to the satis-
faction of the respective custom-house.
III. When merchandise that comes without the consular certification and receipt
are those which do not caase duties for the simultaneous fault of said documents, a
fine shall be applied of not less than |5 nor more than $100, without prejudice that
the fault is absolute. '
The Interested parties may form provisionally the invoices with all particulars do-
ing the same at their cost and the due intervention of the custom-house until they
present the originals.
IV . When the invoices do not express the value of the free effects there shall be im-
posed upon the consignee a fine of not le.ss than $5 nor more than $100.
Section Second. — OhligaiionM of captaiM and supercargoes.
Art. 30. The captain or supercargo of all classes of ships bringing merchandise to
the republic sailing from any foreign port or ports are obliged to make one general
manifest of such merchandise that they may bring for each port in Mexico according
to Model No. 2, which must contain—
I. Name and class of vessel or ship, of what nationality, number of tons in writing
and numbers, name of captain, name of the port where she came from, the name (3
the Mexican port to which she is bound, and the name of the consignee.
II. Number of bales or packages, boxes, barrels, or packages, with their respective
marks and numbers, with also the gross weight expressed in numbers and writing.
III. General class of merchandise, the names and residence of the shipper as well as
•each consignee, with date, and signed by the captain.
IV. Should any sailing vessel when bringing merchandise to' Mexican ports have
merchandise for foreign ports, the captains must not only comply with the foregoing
xegulation, but also with what follows^
A. Deposit in the custom-house of each port in Mexico in which she may stop the
respective documents of the cargo destined for foreign ports, presenting successively
in such custom-houses a general manifest of said cargo maae in the port where tbe
ship was loaded, containing the total number of bales or packages, boxes, barrels, and
packages, of all classes, with marks and numbers distinguishing each part of the cargo
that is destined for each foreign port (if more than one.) This manifest must come
authorized by the Mexican consul or agent in the foreign port where the ship was
loaded ; if there are not either of these authorities, then by agent of other friendly
nation ; if this fail, then by two merchants in good standing.
B. The custom-house of the p(>rt in Mexico where the vessel stops first will note on
the manifest the anterior paragraph, so as to show in the other Mexican ports that the
captain has presented his documents. In the last port in Mexico where the vessel
stops the custom-house will cancel his manifest, giving him a receipt for the same and
sending the document to the miurbter of finance.
C. In case captains do not present their general manifests of the merchandise that
they bring from a foreign port in the custom-house of the first Mexican port they may
touch, then said custom-bouse will make, at the cost of the captain, such mani^t, so
3s to let the other custom-house where the ship mavstop note the same, so that it may
be canceled according to law, fining the captain 91,000 for this fault. Should it be
Absolutely necessary, the merchandise must be discharged so as to form such manifest.
V. The captains of steamers who bring merchandise to Mexico, and at the same time
for foreign ports, besides complying with the obligations detailed in this tariff' for cap-
tains and supercargoes, must present in the first Mexican port that they touch a list
of the merchandise that they are taking for foreign ports, naming the lots they are
taking for each port, so that such notice can be revised by tbe coHector of said port
and sent in a sealed envelope by said captain to the collector of customs of the next
port where the steamer may touch, repeating this in each port up to the last, where
«uch notice will be taken charge of ^nd placed in the archives of the ofiice, after tak-
ing a certified copy to send to the minister of finance.
Art. 31. I. The captains or supercargoes will present, to be certified before the con-
sul, consular or commercial agent of Mexico, who resides in the port where the vessel
is loaded, three copies of the general manifest of the merchandise which she brings for
each one of the ports of the republic ; and only in case there does not reside in such'
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 321
port one of the functionaries above named, then the certificate can be taken from the
consul of a friendly nation. If not this, then a certificate from two established mer-
chants. Receiving these docnments, the captains or supercargoes are bound to pre-
sent them precisely at the first Mexican port where they commence to discharge cargo.
II. The obligations expressed in the foregoing paragraphs must be complied with
by the captain or supercargo, even if the vessel comes in ballast.
III. When vessels in ballast are dispatched directly to a Mexican port where there
is no custom-house of the first class, with the exclusive object of loading animals or
wood, the captains will present to said custom-house his manifest made out according
to the above-mentiooed restrictions, expressing in the same the number of sailors and
quantity of food he carries.
Art. ^2. The captains or supercargoes are obliged to give to the officials of the cus-
tom-bouse when they come on board, when the ship has come to anchor, the general
manifest of the cargo they bring, a list, of the passengers, with class of their baggage,
same as* Model No. 3, as well also an entire list of the food or rations that are existing
on board, according to Model No. 4.
Art. 33. The captain is obliged to keep in good state the seals that are placed by
the custom-house officials on the hatches and bulkheads ; should such seals be broken
the captain has to prove that he was not the culpable party ; if he cannot do this, then
to be fined not exceeding |500.
Art. 34. Should any of the reauisites designated in the three first fractions of article
!V) be not complied with, the delinquent can be fined in the sum of not less than $5
nor to exceed $25 for each fault, this bein^ at the option of the collector of the port.
Should there be found in the general manifest any interlining, rubbing out, additions
of words, or altering of words, a fine will be made of not less than $50 and not exceed-
ing $200.
Art. 34. Should there be any evasion or f^and in the certificates and consular re-
ceipts of the manifest before expressed in article 31, or should these documents hot be
forthcoming, the captain shall be fined $1,000. If he presents the manifest with the
consul's certificate and without his receipt, then a reasonable time will be given him
for such to be sent for, in the mean time gividg a bond to the satisfaction of the col-
lector for the production of same.
Art. 36. Should the documents, as expressed in article 32, not be given to the cus-
tom-house officers when they come on board, after the ship has come to an anchor, the
fine will be not exceeding ^00.
Art. 37. I. The captains or supercargoes have the privilege of rectifying and mak-
ing additions to their manifests during the time of forty-eight hours, running from
the time when the ship came to an anchor, giving the reasons for such additions or
changes, protesting at foot that they proceed legally and in good iaith ; this document
moHt be made in duplicate, according to Model No. 5.
II. The time indicated, forty-eight hours, are counted except on d^ys when the
custom-house is closed or when by natural causes the captain cannot communicate
with shore.
III. The changes or additions of manifest presented by the captain to the custom-
house are examined, and without admitting or effusing (which solely depends upon
the secretary of the treasury), the same are sent by first mail to the secretary of the
treasury, with the corresponding information and opinion of the collector of customs
of the port.
These proceedings do not impede the discharging of the vessel, which can be com-
menced at once.
IV. In case the changes or additions of the manifest make more than 5 per cent, or
make less than 5 per cent, of -the total number of packages which the general mani-
fest of the vessel calls for, the captains or supercargoes, if they cannot pay then the
consignees, will be fined by the collector of the port from $100 to $1,000, according to
the gravity and circumstances of the case ; a note of ^ood value can be taken for the
amount of fine until the secretary of the treasury decides the question.
Section Third. — Ohligationa of ihe consuls of the republic,
certificates prom consuls.
Art. 38. The consuls, vice consuls, consular or commercial agents of the republic
in a foreign country certify, in the form of Model 6, three copies of each factura or
manifest, which must respectively 1>e presented by the shipper of the merchandise
and the captain of the vessel. Such documents cannot be certified by the consuls if
they are presented after the respective ships have left the port.
Art. 39. The consuls and agents will use two books to copy in, one the manifests
and in the other an extract ot the invoices, giving at once to the interested party a
receipt for the invoice or manifest which he may present.
1784 CONG — ^A P 21
322 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
The manifest as well as the invoice must be numbered cousecntively, closing such
numeration at the end of each fiscal year.
Art. 40. 1. The consal will return one certified copy of the manifest or respective in-
voices to the captain or supercargo of the vessel, or to the shipi>er of the merchan-
dise ; another Copy of the manifest and one of each of the invoices will be remitted
by the consul under seal by the same vessel that takes the merchandise to the collector
of the port to where the vessel is bound. To the collectors of the frontier custom-
houses the consul will also remit the same class of documents by the first safe oppor-
tunity. The third copy of same documents will be sent direct to the secretary of the
treasury by the same ship, if not, then by first mail.
II. In case the invoice which has to be presented by the importers to the respective
oustom-house has been mislaid, the consuls or consular agents of the republic can give,
on petition of the interested parry, certificates as in Model No. 7.
Art. 41. The Mexican consuls must indicate all circumstances that they think im-
portant respcctiuj^ mercantile expeditious that may be coming to any port of the re-
public, more particularly when they come from the port where he resides, and give an
account to the secretary of the treasury by the quickest route possible.
Art. 42. The consuls and consular agents are obliged to give to captains of vessels
and merchants who are wishing to bnng merchandise to the republic all necessary
data on importation that they may wish respecting the legislation and statistics of
aame.
Art. 43. I. Each month the consul and consular agents will remit to the secretary of
the treasury a notice of the ships dispatched to the ports of the republic, expressing
their names and nationality, tne captain, the names of the passengers, and generiu
information as to the cargo she brings. Also sending notice of tbe vessels that arrive
at the port of their residences coming from Mexico, with a list of the goods they bring,
names of the passengers, the port from which the vessel came, how many days of navi-
gation, and any other information they may think necessary.
II. Not alone by each vessel they dispatch, but on the first day of each month the
consul and \onsuIar agent must send to the collector of each port to which they may
have dispatched merchandise a copy of current prices of the merchandise in the
place where they reside, also sending each month the same to the secretary of the
treasury.
Art. 44. For the receipt and certificate' which the consul gives of a general manifest
in charges IIO ; in case it is a vessel only in ballast, then the fee is |2.
For the receipt and certificate of each invoice, the value of which exceeds $50, to
charge a fee of $4, and for certificate of a,ayfaotura that has been mislaid, a fee of $^
Chapter X.
OF VS8SBL8 JHAT ARRIVE AT MEXICAN PORTS OWING TO HAVING HAD ACCIDENTS,
ETC.
Art. 45. All vessels, national or foreign, that enter into the territorial waters of the
republic with the object of repairing, to take water, obtain fresh food, or for any other
forced cause, remain subject to the rules of this- arancel, as well as also to those de-
tailed in the following articles :
Art. 46. I. All ships, national or foreign, that come to Mexican ports by force of
stress of weather, with the object cf repairing damages, will have administered to
them in the act, by the custom-house or the captain of thu port, all the aid that is nec-
essary, permitting the discharging of all or part of the cargo which she may be loaded
with, if it is thought they will sutfer damage, or it is absolutely necessary for the re-
pairing of the ship.
Of such discharge the custom-house will take a specified note, expressing in it the
quantity of packages, marks and numbers of the bales, and their contents, if they can
determine them, depositing all in the warehouses of the custom-house, or in another
warehouse satisfactory to the collector, should the custom-house not have any. This
is done with the knowledge of the consul of the country to which the ship belongs.
II. In case they should be national ships they are placed in the situation as com-
prehended in the foregoing article, then to apply to the federal jndge of the district :
should there not be any, then to the next federal authority, so that with his accord
all necessary operations can be performed.
III. The nation is not responsible for any loss, damage, demerit, diminution, deteri-
oration that may be caused to the ship or cargo by these accidents.
A full and instructive account which must be made will be sent by first mail to tbe
secretary of the treasury.
Art. 47. The captains of vessels, loaded or discharged, that arrive at the ports of the
republic, with the object of taking water or food, must declare the same to the custom-
houee in writing at the time when the custom-house officers present themselves, who
will close and seal the hatches, which are not to be opened until the moment in which
the ship proceeds to sea.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 323
In cases of this kind, should the collector think it necessary, he will give orders tl^at
one gnard or another officer of the cnstom-house to remain on board until the sailing of
the vessel, also taking any other steps that he may think necessary under the circum-
fktances.
Abt. 48. Tlie captains of foreign vessels who come to any port of the republic with
the intention of going into winter quarters are obliged to manifest immediately to the
officers of customs who come on boanl, showing a list of their stores, and declaring
that they do not bring merchandise nor objects of commerce, only the produce of their
fishing, i. e.y if they are whaling vessels.
In case the officers of the custom-house think there is an intention of fraud, they
will visit the hold of the vessel to be sure there is not anything on board except what
is necessary for the sailors.
Abt. 49. When a foreign vessel arrives at any of the ports of the republic, with the
object of repairing damages, an invoice must be immediately made of all she contains,
t. e.,if she brings merchandise. At once the officers of the custom-house will visit
the hold, then seal the hatches so that they cannot be opened except in case of neces-
sity, and this only can be done in the presence of a custom-house officer named by the
collector.
Should the captain wish to discharge the merchandise, he can do so after he has the
invoice, depositing said merchandise in the custom-house warehouses ; the Govern-
ment has no responsibility whatever for any loss, damage, deiqorit, diminution, dete-
rioration that the goods may suffer.
When the ship is ready to continue on her voyage, the goods 'will be taken from the
custom-house warehouses to be re-embarked, comparing the same with the invoices
when received. If it is necessary for the captain to sell merchandise, and he petitions
the custom-house and it is granted, an invoice with all particulars will be made and
the corresponding duties paid.
All these incidents must be written in form with their corresponding papers from
which to give an account to the secretary of the treasury.
Art. 50. When all or part of the cargo brought- by any vessel has been wrecked
on the coasts of the republic, the goods must bo deposited in the warehouses of the
nearest custom-house, giving notice to the consul or the country to which the vessel
belongs, if there is one^ at the nearest point where the ship has been lost, ; if not, then
to the federal judge ot the district, so as to determine what must be done with the
merchandise, if in six months it has not been claimed by the legitimate owners.
Chapter XI.
the arrival of vessels is mexican ports bringing merchandise.
Art. 51. I. The vessel of whatever nation can bring cargo to one oi; more ports of
the republic, making separato documents according to the law expressed in this tariff
for each of the ports in which the merchandise has to be discharged.
The custom-house of the port in which the first discharge of the vessel is made shall
give notice to the rest to whom she comes consigned that they have received the cor-
responding goods. Until the goods for one port are discharged, the documents corre-
sponding to the cargo for other port-s are detained in the custom house.
II. The captains of steamers of the line who make periodical trips to Mexican ports
at fixed times, bringing merchandise for two or more ports, instead of giving to the
first custom-house at which she may arrive the documents that cover the cargo that
she brings for the others, gives to the guards who make the visit when she anchors a
copy of the general manliest of the merchandise for each one of the Mexican ports on
her line.
The concession thus given does not except the captain for any fines that may have
to be imposed for infraction of any of the custom-house laws, nor for the non-comply-
ing of any simple disposition that the collectors of the ports may dictate in exercising
. their functions.
Art. 52. When a merchant vessel has come to an anchor and passed a sanitary in-
spection, there will come on board the commander of the guards or the officer of* cus-
toms named by the collector, who will get from the captain the list of stores, passen-
gers and their baggage, the receipt or receipts of the consuls, and the manifest or man-
ifests of all the cargo which is contained in the vessel (even when the merchandise
has to t>e discharged in different ports), the closed documents that the ship has brought
for the custom-bouse or the secretary of the treasury. This finished, the officer will
proceed to seal the hatchways, which cannot be opened uutil such time as they com-
mence discharging.
Art. 53. The above preventions are not obligatory against steamers that are subsi-
dized by the Mexican Government who come to the ports named in their contract
solely to receive passengers, correspondence, or national produce without bringiug
merchandise for the same ports.
324 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Art. 54. If daring the time at sea there have been stormB that have obliged the capt-
ain of the vessel to tnrow part of the cargo overboard, or for other serious causes he ha»
been obliged to pat into another port, and had to sell part of her cargo, the captain
or sapercargoes mnst give a declaration in writing to the commander of the guards or
the officer of the oustom-hoase at the time when he produces his other documents re-
ferred to in article 52.
Art. 55. Inimediatelv when the collect4)r receives the declaration as named in the
previous article, he will notify the federal judge of the district, so that he may take
all steps necessary to find out what has occurred.
If it be a case of jetsam, it is required not ouly that the passengers and crew shall
confiiDi and declare in the affirmative, but that the log-book shall be produced show-
ing the proper entries conforming with their statements. It is also necessary to prove
what winds caused or drove the vessel to the ][>ort, as well also that such is a fact, le-
galized by the anthorities of the port.
Should all be proved, then no duties will be imposed on the merchandise that waa
thrown overboard or sold.
Chapter XII.
RENOUNCING THE CONSIGNMENT OF MERCHANDISE.
Art. 56. I. The consignee, who is the person designated by the shipper in the con-
sular invoice to receive the goods at the port where consigned, is the only person who
can have the necessary papers made so that said goods can be dispatched, as well also
for the liquidation and payment of duties.
II. The consignee can renounce the consignment, giving to the cusi;om-house the
consular invoice, this to be done during twenty-four hours counting from the time that
the vessel came to anchor, only if they could not communicate with the land or the
custom-house is closed.
III. When there are various consignees, the renouncing of the consignment ought
to be successive according to the .order in which they are named in such invoice.
Art. 57. Having passed the twenty-four hours named in the article above, it is under-
stood that the consignation is accepted.
Art. 58. If the shipper of the goods whose consignment has been refused is a citi-
zen of Mexico, the collector of the port will name two merchants established there, as
consignees.
Art. 59. If one of them renounce and the other admit, then he is alone the con-
signee ; the renouncing of such consignees named officially should be done within forty-
eight hours after beidg named ; if this is not done it is understood that they accept such
consignment.
Art. 60. If those named should renounce, and the goods are of such a kind that
they cannot be warehoused without loss or detriment, the collector of the port will
dispose of the same at public auction to the highest bidder, depositing in the custom-
house warehouse all other goods, notifying through the newspapers all that has oc-
curred so that it may come to the notice or the party or parties interested.
Art. 61. Should the term of six months pass, and no one has presented a legal claim
to the deposited goods, then the custom-house will proceed to sell the same by public
auction.
Art. 62. The produce after having paid duties and all other expenses will remain
deposited in the custom-house.
Art. 63. If the shipper of the goods, the consignment of which has been refused,
should be a foreigner, the collector of the port will officially advise the consular vice-
consul representing the nation of the shipper that if withiu the term of three days he
will receive the consignment, and passing this time and not having efficialty refused,
it is understood he wUl accept the same. The consuls or vice-consuls not accepting
the consignment, then proceedings will be taken according to articles 58 to 62, inclu-
sive, in this chapter.
Art. 64. In case it appears in the consular manifest that a person is a consignee of
merchandise, and has not received his consular invoice, and wishes to renounce the
consignation, he must do the same in writing to the collector of the port, who will
proceed according to the laws in this chapter.
Chapter XIII.
THE DISCHARGING OF VESSELS.
Art. 65. I. To discharge merchandise the consignee of the ship must make a peti-
tion in writing; if he does not, then the captain, accompanied by two copies of the
general manifest in the Spanish language without stamps.
The captain will give a paper wim each of the boat-loads of merchandise that he
sends to land, expressing tlie marks and numbers of the packages that are sent : the
guard or officer of the custom-house who is on duty will sign the same if in conform-
ity ; if not, then write ou said paper any observations should it be necessary.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 325
The discbarge coocladed, these papers will be compared with the manifest of the
vessel and the book of the warehoaseman, if the goods have been sent to the ware-
house.
II. A. The mail steamers and others that have stated times for arriving and sailiog
have the preference in discharging when they bring merchandise, and can do the same
in the hours tbo custom-house think favorable, immediately she arrives and has passed
the inspection of the sanitary oflScer and captain of the port.
B. Always that the consiguee or agent of the steamer guarantees to give the two
copies of the manifest, which, in the Spanish language, the captain of said steamers
ought to present ; twelve hours are conceded to said captain to verify this.
C Immediately the steamer comes to anchor and commences discharging, the cus-
tom-house is authorized to give the register for sailing, if so solicited b^ the con-
signee or agent, also giving permission to embark and to load the lighters with fruits
And national effects that are free of duty; such lij^htcrs cannot go alongside the
steamer until the commander of the guards makes his second visit and has seen that
the discharge is terminated.
D. In these steamern, where neither the hatchways nor bulkhead are closed or
sealed, the collector of the port will take X3articular care to have and maintain on
board the guards or officers ne may think necessary for proper vigilance, taking into
consideration the capacity of the steamer and the destiny of the cargo she may bring.
Art. 68. (For important changes, see note 3, Appendix A.) I. The consignees of the
cargo of a vessel have the faculty to rectify or make additions to their invoices during
forty-eight hours, counting from the time the ship came to anchor, excepting the days
in which the custom-house is closed, or in an extraordinary case where it was impossible
to communicate with shore, giving the reasons for such rectifications and additions,
and protesting at the port that they proceed legally and in good faith; this document
is made in duplicate according to model No. 8.
II. If the rectifications and additions that are made in the invoices increase or
decrease the duties, which are caused according to the invoice, up to ten per cent, is
admitted, the duties will be liquidated in conformity without any extra duty. *
III. The rectifications and additions that decrease'the duty that ought to be, accord-
ing to the invoice, in more than ten per cent., and will not be admitted, and the dnties
will be liquidated according to invoice without auy fine.
IV. The rectifications and additions that increase the duties more than ten per cent,
and not exceeding twenty-five per cent, will be liquidated with the extia duty of
thirty-three per cent, on the amount that was over in quantity or quality of the mer-
chandise, according to the declaration in the invoices.
V. The rectifications and additions that increase the duties in more than twenty-
five per cent., and without exceeding fifty per cent., (they) will be liquidated with the
extra duty of fifty per cent, in the amount that was over in quantity or quality of the
merchandise, according to the declarations in the invoices.
VI. The rectifications or additions that increase the duties in more than fifty per
cent, than that which is declared in the invoice will be liquidated by paying doable
duties just as if there had been no invoice at all.
YII. The rectifications or additions that change the kind or nature of the merchan-
dise declared iVill be liquidated covering double duties same as if there had not been
an.'^ invoice.
VIII. The calculation to determine the increase or decrease that is produced in the
duties by reason of the rectifications or additions is not computed on all ihe merchan-
dise contained in the invoices, but only on those which have been altered or increased.
IX. The rectifications or additions of the invoices presented by the consignee to the
custom-houses are examined by them without admitting or refusing same definitely,
which corresponds to the secretary of the treasury ; for this' reason the collectors of
the ports will send by first mail such additions and rectifications numbered consecu-
tively, and giving his opinion in each ca^e. This does not impede the liquidation and
payment of duties on the goods, considering as admitted rectifications or additions^
the interested partv giving a bond to the satisfaction of the collector for the payment
of the difference when the result of the case is definite.
Chapter XIV.
THE DISPATCH OF IMPORTED MERCHANDISE.
Art. 67. I. The consignees of foreign merchandise are obliged to present in tripli-
cate the permit of dispatch precisely in fifteen days after the vessel that brought tha
goods has discharged, yet from the commencement such permit can be presented.
II. In the permits of dispatch must be specified with exactitude the merchandise,
with all the requisites, as in article 24 of this tariff, for the formation of the consular
invoices.
Before commencing the dispatch each permit must be examined with the general
manifest, which the captain has presented, as well as the consular invoices that have
been presented by the consignees.
326 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
in. Shoold the permit for dispatch not be presented in the 15 days, as mentioned io
fraction I of this article, warebonsing will be charged as follows:
A. After fifteen days, as referred to in fraction 1 of this article, without the con-
signee presenting his permit for dispatch, the merchandise must be taken to the ware-
houses.
The merchandise causes during the first ten days a warehouse fee of five cents each
day for each package, for whatever class of goods it may contain, or whatever size it
may be.
B. Should the twenty-five days pass, as noted in article 74 of this tariff, for the ter-
mination of the liquidation of the cargoes, without the consignees having asked for
the dispatch of their goods, the warehouse fees are ten cents per day for each pxu^kage
during five days.
C. Passing the five days, as noted in the preceding paragraph, without the con-
signee having presented the permit for dispatch, the warehouse fees are fifty cents
per day for each package.
D. If six months pass, counting from the time the vessel has concluded her dis-
charge, and the dispatch of the merchandise has not been asked for, they will pro-
ceed at once to realize the same in conformity with the dispoHitions in the articles 61
and 62 of this tarifi', and make oifectivo the payment of importation as well as the
warehouse duties that the merchandise have caused.
£. When the merchandise are not those that are dispatched in the warehouses,
they will proceed in conforminy with article 60 of this tariff, and make it efl'ective to
cover the duties of the importation without waiting the six months mentioned in the
preceding paragraph.
F. Warehouse dues will not collected on the goods that are detained by a judicial
order or by an order of the collector, or for any other legal circumstances anamst the
wishes of the respective owners.
Art. 68. I. After comparing according to fraction 11, article 67, and finding that
the permit, invoices, and manifests are in conformity, the dispatch of the merchandise
can be made on the wharf or in the warehouse, whichever may be thought best.
II. Assisting in the dispatch is the appraiser, whose obligation is to take the meas-
nriiment, weight, class, and value of the goods, so as to apply the corresponding
<huie8 in conformity with the classification of the tariff, and as ordered in article 21 of
this tarifi\ also the col lecter, whose duty it is to have a general vigilance over all the
operation, more particularly by the application of the u])praiser, as well also the com-
mander of the guaids, or the ofiiccr who is on duty in his stead.
III. The examining or revising of the merchandise must be done publicly ; in conse-
quence all perHons who wish can be present.
Art. 69. I. Of each hundred packages, without the exception of those that contain
goods free of duty, there can be opened and revised at the least ten, which are called
indiscriminately by the collector, commander of the guards, and appraiser ; yet, when
there are motives of doubt respecting the measurement, weight, value, or class of
goods, the examination cau be extended to ten packages more | even the goods in all
the packages cau be revised if there is any foundation of doubt or suspicion that there
is any intention to commit fraud. In the cases, as in fraction III of article 27 of this
tarift', all the packages of the cargo can b^ opened and revised.
II. The efibrts that the interested parties may make as to modifications in the quoted
duties, in the dispatch of the merchandise, will not make it necessary to detain the
operations of the custom-house.
HI. When for any difierence there continues a lawsuit before any of the tribunals,
and the interested party wishes the dispatch of his goods before waiting the issue of
said suit, there cannot be admitted by the custom-house any bond, only payment in
money as a deposit, the custom-house reserving in these cases a sample of the goods
or merchandise that have originated the difference.
IV. In cose of any dispute respecting the application of the quofed duties between
ihe importer of the merchandise and the custom-house, the corresponding duties will
bo covered according to the judgment of the collector, in the consideration that for
any later decision, either Judicially or a<lministrative, that a restitution has to be
made, which will be done, making the respective entry, which must be in conformity
with the order of the secretary of the treasury.
Art. 70. I. The revision and dispatch of the merchandise being conclnded, a liqui-
dation of the duties will be formed, which will be satisfir d by the payment in cash by
the interested person, and if he wishes to take the same before such liquidation is con-
cluded, a bond will be asked to the satisfaction of the collector; in case he cannot or
does not wish to give bond, there will be left on deposit in the warehouse of the cus-
tom-house the part of the effects which the collector thinks of sufficient value to cover
the amount of duties.
II. The collector of the maritime custom-houses can admit the bonds indicated for
the duties on special permits, or those for a ship when determined, or for those that are
^ ' Vdue by any importer during a definite time that does not exceed six months.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 327
III. The bond named is made before the collector and cashier of the cnstom-hoascr
by persons who concur in the circamstances established by the laws to the satisfao'
tiou and under the responsibility of the collector. These bonds are kept in a book
that is kept in the custom-house destined for that exclusive purpose.
IV. The bonds that were for receiving goods from the warehonses before the conclu'
aion of the liquidation ought to be canceled in ^he act when the duties are paid.
V. The expenses that are caused by the revision, examining, dispatching, or liquid
dations are for account of the importer, in conformity with the laws, the same um
those of the employes who intervened in the operations.
VI. The compulsory and economical action for the recovery of the duties due to the
Oovernmeut. and as found mentioned in this article, can be recovered conjointly against
the principal debtor and his bondsmen, and to this end the latter, in giving the bond,
will renounce the benetits of proceedings by order and seizure.
Art. 71. Incase the goods are damaged an abatement will be made in the duties
in proportion to the demerit of the merchandise, saving the exceptions expressed in
this turifi*. To qualify such abatement will unite the appraiser, commander of the
guards, and two merchants named by the interested party from among four that have
been named by the collector ; if they are all in conformity or by m^ority of votes they
will make the revision of the goods that have suffered detriment^ making an act in
writing which will remain in the custom-house as a proof of the corresponding entries,
sending a copy to the secretary of the treasury.
The collector or the officer whom he may name to act in his stead has to be present
to assist in such qualification, and in case of any dispute must decide the question,
giving justice to all parties.
From this decision there is no appeal.
Art. 72. Inflammable materials, for them alone or by their contact with*others,
and the corrosives whose introduction into the warehouses of the custom-house might
occasion a fire, will always be dispatched on the wharf, coming precisely in separate
packages ; not under any pretext can they be introduced into such warehouses.
Art. 73. Should there be found in the warehouses of the custom-house one or more
packages that contain inflammable or corrosive materials, even in the smallest quan-
tity, the collector will punish the consignee by fining him from |500 to $1,000.
Chapter XV.
the adjustment and payment of duties.
Art. 74. I. The adjustment and liquidation of the duties of importation shall be
done precisely in the term of twenty-five days, countiug from the day on which the
vessel that brought the merchandise concluded her discharge. During this time mer-
chants can store their goods in the warehouses of the custom-house, or take them out
afler they are dispatched, subjecting themselves to the fixed regulations, as in the pre-
ceding chapter.
II. The liquidation being terminated, the payment of the duties must be made at
once and in effective money.
Art. 75. Once the goods are dispatched from the custom-house, the duties cannot
be returned under any motive, except in case of error in account. For this restitu-
tion, or to verify whatever other, must be proceeded with in respective order to the
secretary of the treasury, leaving the collectors obliged to remit officially to said sec-
retary the corresponding information, the steps he has taken, and for* what cause he
presents such information.
Art. 76. If the appraiser in revising the merchandise finds the result less in length,
weight, measurement, or number than what is expressed in the permit of dispatch,
the duties will be covered on what is expressed in such permits.
Chapter XVI.
the transit of foreign merchandise in the territories of the republic.
Art. 77. I. The permission in trausit is granted for the transmission of foreign mer-
chandise through the territory of tbe republic, the frontier cust'Om-houses near the
coast, the ports near to the custom-houses of introduction, and vice versa; the ports of
the republic nearest to. the frontiers, the frontier custom-houses nearest to the ports
of introduction.
II. The transit of foreign merchandise will also be permitted from one port to-another
of the republic under the preventions contained in this chapter, and the regulations and
other dispositions which in each cu^e, and under the circumstaucca the executive mjy
dictate, prevent, and impede contraband ; they cau refuse wholly or partiftlly such
permit in- transit when, in their judgment, they think there is danger of any abuse of
328 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTfilES.
such privilege to dcfrand the excheqaer, without necessity to give time nor to advise
in anticipation.
III. The employ^ of the port or frontier custom-house that gives entry to goods in
transit exercise in respect to them all the faculties that the laws concede, relative to
the foreign merchandise destined for consumption in the republic.
The efi^ts in transit can be examined when passing the national territory by the
iiscal ugentsof the federal Government.
IV. Ihe merchandise in transit comes accompanied by corresponding invoices and
manifests, with the certificate of the respective consuls, iu the form and terms as ex-
pressed in articles 24 and liO of this tariff, respecting foreign merchandise that is im-
ported for consumption iu the republic.
y. For the discharge and dispatch of the goods in transit, whatever may be their
class or quantity, it is necessary to present in triplicate the respective petitions, as
per model No. 10, to the cubtom-house, so that the merchandise can be revised at once,
practicing the corresponding operations to ask the **guia," or document of transit,
which must precisely go with the mentioned goods, which ** guia," or document of
transit, must have fastened to it one of the copies of the petition.
YI. The foreign merchandise in transit pays, when the document of intemation has
been given at the port or frontier custom-house where it arrived, 5 per cent, in money
of the duties of importation fixed in this tariff, and one dollar for each two hundred
pounds gross weight. These duties are the only ones paid to the federal treasury
of goods simply in transit, l>eing free from all other additional and even municipal
charges wherever the locality by which they are conducted.
\ll. Foreign coffee transported through the national territory will not pay the duty
of one dollar per package when the distance, crossed before leaving the republic, does
not excasd 30 leagues.*
VIII. Goods transported go by the rout« designated in the ** guia," In case the con-
ductors deviate from the route designated the goods and beasta and carts conducting
them are confiscated.
IX. The per^ns introducing the effects in transit give a bond to the satisfaction of
the collector of the respective custom-houses for the total amonnt of import duties
which correspond to the goods, that iu case when the time that was given has ex-
pired, and the respective return documents have not been presented.
The time being concluded for presenting the return document, as named in the orig-
inal permit, without such presentation having taken place, then the bond will be
made effective without any allegation whatever to the contrary.
X. The time for the presentation of the return document is one day for each three
leagues that the goods have to travel to get out of the national territory, and ten days
more for each piece of fifty leagues without exceeding the total time of three months,
in the cases as in iraction I of this article, and six months as in that of II.
XI. When the merchandise in transit arrives at the port or frontier custom-house to
leave the country, the packages will again be examined by the collector of the port
appraiser and commander of the guards, confronting the same with the petition that
ought to be fastened with the transit document or pass, and fin4ing everything in con-
formity they will give the return document.
XII. When in the revision that has to be made in the custom-houses where the
goods in transit enter, appear differences in the documents that have come from the
original port, or in dispatching in the custom-house from where sent, are differences
in the documents extended by the transit, the penalties established in this tariff will
be applied, considering the merchandise as a common or ordinary importation, and un-
der the same basis and quotas, and not in the part proportional to them as in the
duties of transit.
XIII. The preventions contained in this chapter are not applied to the merchandise
iu transit by lines of railroads, whose owners have celebrated contracts with the
Mexican Government that contain special stipulations as to transit of merchandise
and passengers, which stipulations ought to be the same as the respective regulations
that have been issued by the executive.
Chapter XVII.
OF EXPORT.
(See note 2, Appendix A.)
Art. 78. I. All the products and national manufactures, with the exception of Mexi-
can antiquities, are free of duties when exported, which exportation continues pro-
* One league = about 2.6 miles.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 329
hibited, and the gold, silver, precious woods aud orcbilia, which pay the duties, as
follows:
II. Coined silver money in dollar pieces that go to the ports and frontier custoni-
houi»es, pay in the place of their extraction 5 per cent, and gold ^ per ceut. (This
has been abolished ; it now pays at the place of exportation. See Appendix A.)
III. Small coins of gold or silver that go to the ports and frontier custom- houses
for circulation, pay at exportation the 5 per cent, and a half per cent., as cited in the
fraction above.
IV. Gold or silver in coin, in bullion, or In silver work that is seut to the ports nnd
frontier custom-houses for exportation and circulation, travel with the respective jiass
that is issned and given by the chiefs of the federal treasury othce, if the valuables
leave the place where he resides.
The chief of the stamp office belonging to other places from where the money comes,
or the chief collector of the taxes in the federal district, if it comes from that place.
V. A. Silver bullion pays at the time of exportation 5 per cent, as duty of cxjwr-
tation, $4.41 per hundred on the same value as duty of coinage, aud $2 for a piece that
does not exceed 135 marks for revenue and assay.
B. Gold bullion pays at its exportation ^ per cent, on its value as export duty ;
4.618 per cent, on the same value for coinage duty, and $2 that does not exceed l:i5
marks as a revenue and assay duty.
C. Silver bullion extracted from mines of the territory of Lower California \)ixyH as
export a single duty of 5 per cent, on its value, calculated at $8 for one silver mark.
Yl. Worked silver in any form shall pay 5 per cent, of its value upon exportation
without prejudicing the duty for assaying and smelting, which must be paid.
VII. Foreign coined gold and silver shall not pay export duties, but carriers of such
money are obliged to provide themselves with corresponding permits to carry said
money to the ports.
VIII. Coined gold or silver, and silver wrought or in bullion, destined for export
or circulation in ports and frontier towns, that travel without the permit provitled
for in fraction IV of this article, shall fall under the penalty of couhscatiou, remain-
ing in all the rest subject to the conditions of the same article.
IX. A. (See note 1, Appendix A.) Wood for construction aud for cabinet work shall
pay $1.55 per ton's weight when exported from a qualified port.
B. When export is made from a point on the coast not qualified, shall be paid in
the custom-house which authorized the corresponding permit, $1.55 for each ton
which the exporting vessel measures, without other deduction than which is occupied
by national effects, previously loaded in the same.
C. The wood which is shipped npon the dock shall pay $1.55 per ton, besides that
which it may have paid for that which the vessel measures under the penalties, in
case of exporting clandestinely, of the loss of the wood.
X. Archil shall pay an export duty of $10 per ton.
XI. Vessels, foreign and national, which arrive in ballast at ports of coasting trade
with the exclnsive object of loading stock or wood, are not obliged to solicit ))ermits
for loading from the maritime custom-house, having to bring in 'every case the cor-
responding manifest, according to the provisions in part III of article 31 of thi" tariff
law.
XII. Vessels to which the preceding prevention refers cannot arrive at any bar or
roadstead which is not the coast port mentioned in its manifest, except in case ot ne-
cessity, in which case it shall proceed according to the preventions contained in Chap-
ter X of this tariff law.
XIII. Seaport custom-houses shall prevent the carrying from the country, from
whatever coast-point to the qualified ports, in vessels with or without decks, under
the vigilance which they consider sufflciimt for avoiding fraud.
XI V. For the exportation of national fruits and effects, petitions in quadruplicate
shall be presented, according to model No. 11, subjecting said exportation to the pro-
visions in the general regulations of the maritime and frontier custom-houses.
Art. 79. National vessels, and in fault of them, foreign vessels, after having fin-
ished discharging in the port or ports to which they may have come destined, shall
be able to pass to any coast-point, even when there is no custom-house, even for coast-
trade, with the object of loading national effects, having previously obtained the per-
mission of the collector of the corresponding custom-house.
Chapter XVIII.
PASSENGERS AND THEIR BAGGAGE.
Art. 80. The following rules shall be observed for the landing of passengers and the
dispatch of their baggage.
I. All foreigners that arrive at the ports of the republic can land as soon as the
vessel comes to anchor, with their baggage, and when the landing is at' night or at an
330 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
hour when the castom-hoiuie is closed, each passenger shall he permitted to carry with
him a small halk coDtaining only clothing for nse.
II. The examination of baggage shall be made with liberality, prodence, and mod-
eration. The passengers shaU not be detained more time than is indispensable iVu- the
examination or the packages which they bring, and if foreigners are not able to un-
derstand or speak the Spanish lan^iage, any of the employes who can interpret shall
assist and advise them of the requisites and formalities to which they are subject.
III. Respecting clothing and personal adornments, the qualitication of the quantity
and quality which will not cause duty wilt be arranged by the just prudence of the
collectors.
lY. The following other clothing and ornaments the passengers can import free of
duties :
A. Two watches and chains.
B. One hundred cigars ; 40 packs cigarettes.
C. One-half kilogram of snuff.
D. One-half kilogram smoking tobacco.
£. One brace of pistols, equipments, and up to 200 charges.
F. One sword.
O. One rifle, musket, or gun, equipments, and up to 200 charges.
H. Oue pair of musical instruments, except pianos or organs.
y. All effects not comprehended in the above concessions, and which are brought
by passengers in small lots for any gift, will pay the duties fixed in the tariff, having
to make a ihanifestation of them, specifying them, which shall be presented at the
custom-house before veHfying their dispatch.
VI. When used furniture comes in the equipage of the passengers, account shall be
taken of its damage in order to adjust the duties.
VII. If the passengers are artists of anjir opera company, dramatic, comedy or ot her,
bcHides the general exceptions conceded in the previous articles, It is permitted them
to introduce free of duty their property and necessary adornments with such as go to
form part of their equipage and that are not excessive in quantity. When collectors
think that there is abuse in the introduction they will form an invoice and collect 55
per cent, on the value, or appraisement, which will be done in the same form which ia
provided for goods that pay on their appraisement.
Abt. 81. Collectors will make certain that there be distribilted among the passen-
fers before the dispatch of their baggage printed copies of this chapter in Spanish,
'rench, English, and Oerman, that they may be informed of the obligations to which
they are subject.
Art. 82. Excepted to the provisions referred to in Article 80 are the equipages
brought by foreign ministers accredited near the Government of the Republic, whose
equipages will not be registered.
Chapter XIX.
INTERNATION.
Art. 83. Foreign goods which have paid import duties according to this tariff can
be iutemated to other parts of the Republic, subject to the provisions of the following
articles.
Art. 84. I. In intemating forei^ effects the shipper shall present to the custom-
house a duplicate petition according to model No. 9 (see Appendix A'^, one of which
shall have the proper stamp according to fraction VIII, Article 106, of this tariff.
The duplicate does not need stamps.
The treasurer of the custom-house shall certify at the foot of same model that the
import duties are paid or secure to be paid to the satisfaction of the collector, and in
this permission shall be given the permit to leave, which shall be noted in the proper
gariias (guard-house). This permit will cover the merchandise until its final destina-
tion.
II. The same petition shall be presented to the custom-house for the introduction
of foreign effects which are free of duty, this fact being certified at the foot by the
auditor.
III. The tustom-house shall not dispatch* documente of internation if those inter-
ested do not arrange the merchandise according to legal forms. -
Art. 85. I. The document mentioned in the previous article being the evidence that
the ^oods have paid the import dutien, all foreign merchandise proceeding from any
custom-house and travels without such document is subject to the payment of triple
dui ies, and shall be seized wben discovered, notifying the owner or conductor, so tbat
he can choose the judicial or administrative proceedings in the terms provided by
Article 91 of this tariff.
This notification shall be made to the office of the treasury in the State where the
seizure was made by the chief of the respective section of the counter-guiirds, or to
the principal tax office in the federal district.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 331
II. The choice of methods of proceedings mentioned in the previoas article must
be made by the end of twenty-ioar hours after the receipt of the goods in the corre-
apouding federal office, to the end that justice in the same may be established and fol-
lowed, whether it be administrative or the case consigned to the district court for the
choice) of the interested, or in general, when bodily fines may be imposed, besides the
triple doties.
III. Tho«e that intemate foreign merchandise by the frontiers of the Republic are
obliged to return to the custom-house the intemation documents within the date which
the collectors fix as prudent.
IV. The foreign merchandise referred to in the previoas fraction can be examined
by the counter guards or treasury officers while in transit, and federal employes mak-
ing the examination shall note on the said documents.
V. At the place of final destination of foreign merchandise proceeding from the
frontiers, the intemation documents shall be viewed by the treasury officials in the
capitals of States, by the chief collector of taxes in the federal district, and by the
oollector of stamp taxes in any other locality.
VI. The a^t of viewing these documents shall be verified by copying in a book.
The said document shall be returned to the interested parties, certified that they
have been copied with exactness, expressing the page of said copy, from which they
have the right to give certifications that are asked by those interested.
VII. Goods introdoced to be exported can be sold in whole or in part while in tran-
sit, provided the owner or person in charge of them gotsbefot>e the companies, or sec-
tions of the counter-guard, or the respective treasury chiefs, which officers shall ir.ake
the proper note on the intemation documents, previously confronting the merchandise
with the documents which cover them.
VIII. Merchants intemating merchandise by the frontiers, and who without just
cause do not return the intemation documents named in fraction III of this article
within the designated time, incur the penalty of a fine consisting of r>0 per cent, of
the import duties, to the end that proper bond be given to the satisfaction of the col-
lector, and under the responsibility of this, before expediting the respective intema-
tion documents.
IX. The documents returned to the custom-houses shall be noted for this and filed
as vouchers in the book of proceedings, to be remitted to the secretary of the treasury
every four months, with a statement showing the documents expedited and those
settled.
X. The packages whose intemation is asked at the frontier custom-houses shall be
presented to be crossed, in presence of th^ designated employ<S of the custom-house,
with hempen cords solidly adjusted and fastened at the ends by a lead seal containing
the name of the office and other things directed by the secretary of the treasury thai)
he may deem advisable. ,
The seals are furnished by the custom-house, which will keep proper account of
them. When the custom-houses have none of these seals, this fact will be stated by
the collector upon the intemation documents.
XI. Packages of foreign merchandise proceeding from the frontiers and which with
out just cause go on the road without the seals provided in the previous fraction, even
when they carry the corresj)ondin^ interftation document, shall paj' therefor 25 i)ei
centum of the proper import duty in the offices of the respective treasury chiefs, and
the documents shall not be vised until the said duty has been satisfied.
XII. The fine fixed in the previous fraction lor goods which go without seals is
intended to find out without prejudice if they are contraband ; being without said seal
without just cause is sufficient reason for detaining.
Chapter XX.
CONTRABAND AND PENALTIES.
Art. 86. These are cases of contraband :
I. The clandestine introduction of goods by the coasts, ports, river- banks, or other
points not qualified for foreign commerce.
II. The introduction of merchandise by the ports or frontiers without the documents
Provided in this tariff or in unusual hours, to avoid the intervention of the custom-
ouse emploj^^ and the payment of duties.
III. The discharge^ bringing in, or carrying goods to the ports and frontiers with-
out the previous consent of the custom-house employ^ and without the formalitieH
provided bv this tariff.
IV.' Falsiifying the quantity or quality of goods which properly manifested pay more
duties.
V. The omission of one or more packages of a vessel's cargo from the general mani-
fest which the captain is bound to carry.
VI. The4nterna(ion of goods without documents accrediting their legal entry and
payment oi the corresponding duties.
332 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Art. 87. Id the cases of contraband enumerated in the previons article, there are
imposed the fines expressed by the following :
I. For the cases expressed in fractions I, fi, and III of article 86 is imposed a fine of
confiscation of all the goods, vesselSi carts, teams, and mules, in or by which they are
conducted, and the arms of the conductors when they make resistance.
II. For the cases specified in fraction IV of the previons article is imposed a fine of
paying double duties, from those who made the importation of the effect« conformable
to this tariff, calculating the double duties on the quantity falsely manifested when,
it is on quality.
When in the importation of goods the falsifying is made at the same time there
shall be applied only the penalty of double duties over the total of goods faluified.
When the difference in quantity that is found on examination of the ^oods does not
exceed 3 per cent, of what is manifested in the respective documents, it shall not be
considered a case of contraband, and in consequence there shall not be imposed a hue,
the extra duties being paid as per the tariff.
III. For the case specified in fraction V of the previous article there is imposed a
fine of paying triple duties to those of the tariff, on the merchandise contained in the
package or packages brought outside of the manifest, in case theii' owner is in the
port.
If nobody is present to reclaim them the collector shall consign the business to the
district judffe to determine what is advisable.
IV. For the case specified in fraction VI of the preceding article is imposed a fine
of triple duties. If this penalty cannot be made enective by reason of the absence of
the owner of the goods or for other reason, they are confiscated, also the trains (mules;
and carts that carry them according to fraction I of this article, consigning the case at
once t^ the judicial authority.
y. Besides the previous money fines the authors of the contraband or fraud ou the
fiscal duties, the accomplices, receivers, and the employes that connive with any of
the preceding, shall be punished with the corporal penalties which are expressed in
the lollowlng :
VI. For the cases specified in fraetions I, II, and III of article 86, the owners, con-
ductors, captains, or whatever persons carrying the effects, if apprehended, the respon-
sible ones shall be consigned to the judge of the proper district, in case that the amount
of the duties that are discovered exceed $200, and in case of condemnation shall suffer
five years' imprisonment and the publication of their names in the newspapers.
If it is proved that any established commercial house in the republic has made or
aided contraband, besides the previous penalties applicable to their cases th^ir signa-
tures shall be nullified for all matters and transactions with the public treasury, and
they shall not be admitted in any official or commercial act by Government officers.
VII. In all the other cases expressed in article 86 shall be imposed a bodily fine of
from two months to five years' bodily imprisonment under the following basis :
If the amount of duties defrauded exceeds $200 without exceeding $1,000, it shall be
imprisonment for six months ; if it exceeds $1,000 without reaching |2,000, twice that
time; above $2,000 and not reaching $3,000, triple that time, and so on successively,
not exceeding the maximum of five years.
VIII. Collectors of customs shall only comsign to the respective district judgeships
those cases of fraud or contraband when the difference of the duties defrauded is more
than $200 for a single article, and not those in which the sums of different parts that
are found in the dispatch of the invoice exceed the amount of $200, in which cases
shall be observed the disposition of article 91.
Art. 88. The importation of false money of whatever coinage shall be considered as
indicating that the importer intends to commit fraud with it, and in consequence the
responsible persons are to be apprehended and criminally judged, imposing the fines
established by the common laws. In this case the collector of customs shall retain
and render useless the money, rendering immediately to the proper judge the criminal
or criminals without bail or other administrative recourse that can take place in other
cases, according to this tariff.
Chapter XXI.
FRAUD AND PENALTIES.
Art. 89. These are cases of fraud :
I. Additions made by captains or consignees to the manifest and consular invoices,
placing themselves in concurrence with the employes of the custom-house or counter-
guard to falsify in quantity or quality the goods expressed in said document*.
II. Connivance with the employes to delay the fixed examination of the packages,
or to pass the time to verify the dispatch, in order to falsify in quantity or quality of
the merchandise.
III. Unloading or loading dutiable goods, verified with the consent or by the care-
lessness of an employ^ without having paid said duty.
IV. The inter nation of eftects with fraudulent documents.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 333
Art. 90. In tho cases of frand eunmerated in the preceding article shall be imposed
the lines expressed by what follows :
I. For that contained in fraction I of the preceding article is imposed a fme of pay-
ing double duties on the additional effects, the judge assigning the responsible persona
and the others the payment of a fine of from f200 to $3,000, which the captain or con-
signee shall satisfy in his respective case.
II. Employes who become accomplices in the fraud referred to in fraction II of the
previous article shall be dismissed from their offices and consigned to the proper judge
lu order to impose the punishment due to suffer according to the circumstances of the
crime.
In this case the whole cargo shall be examined and the consignee or any other per-
son who has procured the commission of the crime shall suffer a fine of from $500 to
12,000.
III. For the cases mentioned in fraction III of the previous article shall be imposed
a fine of losing the goods, found on the route, loading or unloading, loaded or un-
loaded, and the apparent owner of the goods will pay a fine of from $500 to $2,000,
according to the importance of the case.
The employ^ or employes complicated in this fraud shall immediately lose their
positions and be judged by the respective tribunals for the crime of abuse of confi-
dence. 'If the captain of the ship is accomplice in the fraud he shall pay a fine equal
to that imposed upon the apparent owner.
lY. For the case marked by fraction IV of the previous article is imposed a fine of
paying triple import duties, the abandonment of the employd who prepared the docu-
ments and of the chiefs who aathorized them with their signatures or stamp (^vista
buena).
The employ^ connected with the act will be consigned to the proper judge to impose
the corresponding fine according to the circumstances of the crime.
y. The employ^ found complicated with the mentioned crimes shall suffer the cor-
responding fines with the understanding that tho penalty of imprisonment that ia
applicable to them shall never be less than double the time imposed upon tho princi-
pal delinquent or delinquents of the contraband or fraud.
Chapter XXII.
JUDGMENTS.
- Abt. 91. I. Immediately when occurs a case of contraband, firaud, or fault of observ*
ance of what is provided in this tariff, which brings a fine that is not corporal, the
collector shall require the interested ones that witlun the period of 24 hours they
manifest in writing their choice of proceedings, before the collector or in the courts,,
to decide the case.
When the crime has a corporal punishment it shall be consigned to the proper dis-
trict court.
Having made the choice it cannot be changed. Having elected administrative pro-
ceedings, the expediente (file of papers) shallbe begun, giving first his written choice
and afterwards the written reasons for the cause.
II. If the responsible party does not appear in the required time the case shall bo-
taken judicially before tne proper district judge.
III. When tlie interested party agrees with the fines imposed by this tariff, and re-
noances judicial trial, it shall not be done, and, to form and prove the action, shall
begin an act, which being written, signed by interested party, and certified by the
collector and auditor, giving account to the secretary of the treasury, so that in view
of these papers he can resolve the matter.
IV. When the decision of the adjusting office of the treasury is not limited to the
rectifications of numerical Errors or applications of the tariff quotations and imposea
a fine, if the interested party is not satisfied, the proceedings shall follow the provis-
ions of fraction I of this article.
Art. 92. The questions of contraband and fraud that follow judicial course shall
be tried by the federal courts to the final point, and following with this the rules pro-
videil in the relative articles of this tarifi and those that follow:
I. The goods having been seized, and the judge having received notice thereof, he-
shall proceed to summon for judgment to the parties ; underatanding as such, with
respect to the guilty, the owner of tho cargo, if he resides in the port, or the consignee,
or he that brings legal power from either, or he that gives bond of rato et graio.
The judge shall also decide for the part of instice to the owner, or the captain or
the supercargo of the vessel, to the owner of the beasts or carriages in which the ef-
fects are carried, or to the legitimate representatives of them, wnen to aU or any of
them the responsibility to which any corresponding penalty is attached may be proven.
In the summons shall be given a fixed time for appearing, and in fixing this shall
be considered the distances of the places. If appearance is not made within this time
they shall be declared {rtMde) not appearing m court, and the oanse shall go on in
the hall of t^e tribunaL
334 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
II. Tho jndge of first instance trying the business of the treasury can be accased
with statement of reason, once by each party, bein^^ entirely inhibited from again
tryiug this cause, but the party thus accusing caunot repeat it iu the cause.
III. The moment a judge is challenged and he accepts the challenge, if legal ho shall
immediately give notice of it to the judge who is to succeed him, stating the hour in
which he does so, in order that his successor may.immediately present himself to per-
form his functions, for which reasons all persons required in the judgment will remain
united in tho court room until the judge who is to try the case shall present himself.
If for just motives the judge should not present himself at the appointed day the j udg-
mcut shall take place precisely on the day following, iirovided it is not a holiday,
under the responsibility of the jndge whose turn it is to acquit himself of this duty,
who will become subject through delay to a suspension from office for a month by the
just complaints of any contending parties or attorney-general for lacking iu observ-
ance in this disposition.
lY. The judgment on confiscated goods shall take place in public and verbally,
drawing, for the satisfaction of tho parties, an act, which will contain the principal
points of the judicial debate. The sentefece shall be pronounced (being previously
notified) within three lawful days at the latest, countiug frnm the day the h'gitimate
party appears in court, or by default in accordance to what has been stated in fraction
I of this article.
Said term of three days will have no prorogue given for the passing of tbc sentence,
unless a legal exception is found in the same and the proofs forwarded ; should these
be delayed on account of distance of places, or any other moral or physical impossi-
bility, tho judge may in this case postpone the scutence for the time ho may deem
strictly necessary.
V. In such places where there is no attorney-general, or in those where there is one
who cannot concur to the judgment, his place will be takeu by the collector «)r by the
employ^ named by him.
VI. In the judgment of confiscated goods whose value does not exceed ^'OO, the
sentence passed iu a court of first instance cannot be transferred to a superior court,
and cnnses an immediate decree of execution ; but the judge must, within five lawful
days, send an extract of the judgment and decision to the judge of the court of second
instance for his revision, which will reduce itself to certify if tho proceeding is in
accordance with this tariff; to demand the corresponding responsibility iu case it
manifests any violation of its rules, or having passed decision contrary to any given
law.
VII. In case au appeal to a higher court should bo interposed, if there be a right to
do so according to law, the judge of the court of second instance must decide at the
latest within twenty days after having received the proofs alluded to in the lb!lowing
fraction, having to instruct the relative judgment; but if the parties agree to have it
verbal it must be executed thus — the attoruey-general being heard verbally and the
judjTC having to pronounce his decision within four lawful days.
VIII. The party considering itself injured by decision passed by the court of first
instance must appeal the moment it is pronounced, or when he receives notification,
should ho not have been preseut at the judgment, the judge being obliged to give him
within twenty-four lawful hours evidences of the acts and sentences that have taken
place, the original proceedings remaining in the archives of the court.
IX. Twenty-four hours aft^r having received proof of the senteuce given by the
court of first instance, the appellant must present them to tho judge of the secondary
court, if he resides in the same place; but should he be at a distance tho appeliancy
will be altered by countiug tho number of days it will take to make the journey,
allowing five leagues to each day.
In order to give fulfillment of the aforementioned, the court will take not-e of the
hour in which the proofs were delivered to those whom they may concern.
X. If they should not appear after the senteuce has beeu passed, or if after having
appealed the appellant does not collect his evidences within the time allovred in frac-
tion VIII, or does not have recourse to the judge of the secondary court within thn
torm mentioned in fraction IX, the sentence will be considered accepted, and will be
put into execution.
XI. Judgment on confiscated goods will be admitted in a secondary court if their
value exceeds $500, but not over $1,000, the decision of the secondary court causes a
written decree either confirming or revokiug the first, the judge being obliged, in all
cases, to send within five lawful days to the tribunal of tho third court the cause or
au extract of the judgment, if it were verbal, for its revision and other efifects men-
tioned in fraction V I.
If the value does not exceed $2,000 it will a^lmit a third court, provided the decis-
ion of the second does not agree with that of the first, for in this case it would cause
a written decree and does not give lien for a third court.
XII. In the appeals that according to law are interposed from a second to a third
court, all the rales established in this article for transferring cases from the first to the
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 335
aecond court will be followed in the Judgment of confiscated goods and all criminal
incidents.
XIII. When, in Judging any case of confiscation, there should result any criminal
incident to which a difierent penalty is attached, the Judge will consider it hh » dif-
ferent case.
XIV. The Judgment on criminal cases will not hinder the conclusion (of the confis-
cation cases going on) within the pre-emptory terms allowed in this tarifi" for their
termination.
XV. The courts or tribunals will send to their respective custom-houses iu the term
of three days the proofs of the absolutory or condemning sentences issued by them in
the Judgment of confiscation. The collectors will send said proofs to the secretary
of the treasury with the corresponding repoit.
XVI. The goods confiscated will be deposited precisely in the custom-house, from
which they cannot be taken unless by previously paying the corresponding duties,
but when parties having a share in goods confiscated are unable to pay said duties,
unless allowed to alienate a part of their share, they shall only do so when collectors,
after taking the responsibility, shall receive (to his satisfaction) the quantity of eoods
that will guarantee for double the amount of duties to be paid. In no case shall the
eoods seized be delivered to the participants, owners or consignees until the sentence
has been passed and a written decree of exception been re#eived.
The goods left in deposit during the Jud^ent of the case cause no duties for stor-
age. Excepting from the above article, all articles liable to become corrupted, cor-
roded, or inflammable, for which the court has to provide what it may deem just after
hearing the parties.
XVII. The term allowed to interpose an appeal pleading or making void, which in
the corresponding case may be brought up by the representatives of the treai^ury, will
be fifteen days, counting from the moment the sentence is made known to the attor-
ney-general and to the secretary of the treasury.
XVIII. The Judges shall make a report to the secretaries of Justice and treasury of
all cases formed for infringement of rules of the tariff, sending also copy of sentence
pronounced, which shall be published and seat to consuls of the republic in foreign
countries, so that they shall have them published in the markets and public places of
the countries where they reside.
Art. 9^. I. In all Judicial proceedings in courts of the first instance the collector
shall have cognizance of facts, having a rijght to appeal when the decision is contrary
to the interests of the public treasury. To this end the sentence should be notified
to him.
II. When the collector is not present the auditor will have the same rights, as also
the commander of the guards, when the seizure has been made by them or their order,
and the commander of the counter-guards; they can present their docniiients on com-
mon sealed paper of the ofiice without stamp, a lawyer's signature not being indis-
penn^ldc.
HI. The employes acting as attorneys may intrust this power, when the Judgment
docs not take place where they reside, to an employ^ holding the higher ofiice m the
federal treasury residing where the Judgment is to take place, it being understood
that where are simultaneously a treasury chief and a collector to the last name shall
the power be intrusted ; those acting as attorneys shall follow the instructions com-
innuicated to them by the government in favor of the exchequer, and they will defend
the s:ime.
Art. 94. The cases of confiscation and fraud cannot last longer than four n^onths in
each court.
Art. 95. In the administrative Judgment the following proceeding mnst be ob-
served :
I. Once the administrative proceed ijig has been chosen, according to article 91, the
anditor, or, if by legal impediment he could not come, the first or second officials will
take his place, formulating the accusation of contraband or fraud against the owners
or consi'^ees of the^oods; this accusation mnst in all cases be written, in order that
those whom it may concern may answer in three days.
II. If the guilty party or the accusers wish to present some proofs, they are allowed
eight days, which, in case of absolute necessity, shall be prolonged to fifteen, in which
time all proofs offered by both parties and alleged to in the complaint and defense
shnll be received.
III. If the proof is testimonial the collector will name the day on which it will be
received; on that day shall the witnesses referred to be examined in the presence of
both parties.
The examination of witnesses shall'take place in the same terms and with the same
requisites and formalities used in common cases.
The declarations being written by a secretary taken from amongst the employ^,
and nansed by the collector.
The secretary will intervene in every one of the acts of the administrative proceeding.
336 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
IV. The testimony being completed, a summons shall be made, assigning six day»
to each one of the parties, that they make good proof, and for this purpose they shall
be free to examine the judicial proceeding under suitable supervisions.
V. The last allegation having been presented, the parties shall be summoned for the
detiuite decision, which the collector shall give within eight days, notifying the in-
terested parties iuimediately.
VI. In cases having no proofs, the summons being answered, the case will be con-
sidered terminated, making it known, as also the citation for sentence; the collector
will dictate his final resolution within the term given in the former fraction, which
"Will be notified to both parties.
VII. If either of the parties should not be satisfied with the sentence, he shall ver-
bally say so immediately, or by writing within three days. This term having passed
without any of the parties making said manifestation, both parties shall be considered
as agreeing, no other appeal being admitted.
VIII. In all cases of administrative proceeding, the collector will send the original
Judicial proceetlings to the Secretary of the Treasury, keeping a copy and giving the
interested parties notice the day they are sent.
In section 1 of the secretaryship shall be placed the judicial proceedings at the dis-
posal of the parties for the term of ten days, which admits no prorogue, counting from
the day received, so that^he parties may allege by writing what concerns them, either
personally or by persons named for that purpose.
IX. When the interested parties do not make use of the right assigned them in the
S receding fraction, the secretary of the treasury will, after the expiring of the ten
ays given in the same, resolve the matter clearly, notifying the respective collector
the resolution for its execution without admitting another appeal.
X. The administrative proceedings occasion no costs.
XI. In the administrative proceedings a fifty-cent stamp shall be required firom the
interested parties on each sheet of common -sized paper of the writing and petitions
made.
Chapter XXIII.
DISPOSITIONS OF CONFISCATIONS AND FINES.
Art. 96. Every inhabitant of the republic, there bein^ no necessity of his or her
name appearing in the proceedings, if he does not think it convenient, can give notice
and incite the ^ministrative, judicial, or military authorities, that they may seize the
imported goods, or goods sent into the interior by contraband ; he may also denounce
all fraudulent operations of the same kind that are to be committed. The goods once
seized, shall be delivered to the competent authorities. Likewise every inhabitant of
the republic has a right to seize in public roads or cities foreigu goods, either im-
ported or sent to the interior of the republic by contraband, those who are in the
performance of the privilege should seize any goods will acquire by this acta right to
a third of the net proceeds of the goods that are declared seized by competent aii-
thority.
The officials of the administrative, judicial, or military order required by any fed-
eral or local employ^, or inhabitant of the republic to give assistance in order to pur-
sue ^oods imported or sent to the interior as contraband, and who does not do so
within the limits of his power, shall be judged according to law for this refusal and
for acts of positive complicity he shall have committ<ed.
Art. 97. The person who gives the notice, referred to in the preceding article, has
a right to a third of the net proceeds, after paying the corresponding^ duties to the
public treasury, and the 2 per cent, destined to hospitals; provided said notice shall
agree with what has been established in this tatifi', the goods being positively declared
seized or the fine paid.
Art. 9rt. I. The remaining value of the goods confiscated, after making the deduc-
tion mentioned in the previous article, will be divided into three equal portions ; one
shall be given to the accuser, the other to the party or parties who seized the goods,
and the other shall be equally divided between the collector, auditor, and commander
of the guards in case the confiscation has taken place in the custom-house by means
of an administrative proceeding; but should the declaration have been mado by the
district court, half of the auditor's share shall be assigned to the attorney.
II. The ninth of the proceeds of the fine allotted to custom-house collectors will be
divided into as many equal shares, as persons have performed this ofiice during the
proceedings from the moment the goods have been seized to the pronouncing of the
final sentence, whether administrative or judicial.
III. The ninth allotted to auditors of custom-houses when the ptt>ceeding8 are ad-
ministrative, or half of the ninth assigned them when the proceedings take place in
the district court, will be proportionally divided according to the basis given in the
former fraction.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 337
rV. The half of the ninth assifi^ed to attorneys will in its case be divided amongst
the piTsons who performed the office of attorney intervening in the proceedings.
V. The ninth assigned to the commander or commanders of the guards, will be ap-
plied exolosiveiy to the one engaged at the time of confiscation.
VI. The rights of appraisers of custom-houses to a part of the proceeds assigned
to them by article 101st of this tariff, are perfect the moment they make their obser-
vations at the time of dispatch.
VII. The rights of those seizing foreign goods, or those nationalized, to the parts as-
aigned them in fraction I of this article, are perfect the moment the goods are seized.
Art. 99. When the confiscation is made by a custom-house cutter the share assigned
in the previous article to parties who seize the goods will be given to the crew ; more-
over the commander of the cutter is entitled to the ninth allotted to the custom-house
guard.
Art. 100. When there are no accusers the parties who seized the goods are entitled,
thoush they should be employes, to the share assigned in article 98, fraction I, of this
tariff
Art. 101. In confiscations made by appraisers, at the moment of ^dispatch, the col-
lector and appraiser present at the revision shall be considered as parties seizing the
goods; in cases where the confiscation takes place at the indication of the guard he
shall be considered as one of the party.
Art. 102. I. In confiscations made by confronting the manifest with the invoice
the six-ninths assigned to parties who seize the goods are thus divided : three to the
collector or auditor that confronts the document, the remaining three being equally
divided between the first officer and other officials employed.
II. When the contraband is discovered by the guards or private individuals in
cities or on the roads without the intervention of either seaport or frontier custom-
houses or oustDm-house section, the proceeds of the confiscation declared by a sentence
that gives place to a judicial proceeding if taken to the district court, or by adminis-
trative resolution of the secretary of the treasury, according to faction IX of article
95 of this tarifif, will be divided as follows:
A. Half the proceeds of sales of confiscated goods, beasts of burden, and carts they
draw, will belong to the federal exchequer in compensation of the respective duties
of importation taking from this part the 2 per cept. for hospitals, expenses of proceed-
ings, and others originated.
B. The other half will be distributed, without making an^ deduction, amon^ the
participants according to what has been disposed in this article, giving one-third to
the denouncing party, the other to the party who seized them, and the other to the
employ^ of the office of the federal treasury that received the goods to carry on the
corresponding proceedings ; the distribution of this third is made proportionately ac-
cording to what has been demonstrated by this tariff.
C. The share corresponding to the party who confiscated the goods will be divided
in equal shares among all who took part in seizing them without any distinction. If
there has been iio accusation the share allotted to the denouncing party shall be divi-
ded between those who seize it.
Art. 103. The distribution to participants in cases of confiscations and fines shall
only take place aftor the office of the secretary of the treasury has forwarded the cor-
responding approbation to the respective office.
The proceeds of the fines are to be deposited with the secretary of the treasury and
the goods in it« warehouse.
Art. 104. The goods that are declared positively confiscated either by the judicial
authority or by. the officials who pursue tne case in the administrative proceeding, if
carried on in this mode, shall be delivered in classes to the participants, excepting
the cases referred to iii fraction II of article 102 of this tariff, the participants paying
previously the respective duties, as also the 2 per cent, allowed to hospitals ; the par-
ties interested being at liberty to make the division as they may thiuK more conven-
ient.
Art. 105. In all cases of confiscation or fine, 2 per cent, of the net remainder will
be assigned te the sustenance of charity hospitals in places having them ; in case
there should be none in the port it will be assigned te the hospital of the nearest
place within jurisdiction of tae state te which the port belongs.
Chapter XXIV.
STAMP LAW.
Art. 106. Stamps shall be used in oustem-house business as provided by the follow-
ing preeoriptons :
I. In petitions for discharge of vessels coming from foreign ports, shall be used
stamps to the value of |8.
II. In petitions for loading vessels destined for foreign ports, when caiTying mer-
chandise, shall also be used stamps to the value of $8.
1784 CONG — A P ^22
3j8 tariffs of the several countries.
m. When vessels clear in ballast the petition for clearance shall not reanire stamps.
lY. In petitions for loading or unloading vessels for coast traffic, snail be nibd
stamps in the following proportions:
A. When the tonnage of the vessel does not exceed 50 tons, to the value of 50 cents.
B. Exceeding 50 tonH, $2.
C. When sailing in ballast no stamps need be used.
y. Additions or rectifications of manifests of goods or of consular invoices that are
presented to collectors of maritime and frontier custom-houses, are free of stamps.
YI. In the requests of petitions presented to collectors or chiefs of custom-house
sections, or of the counter guards, shall be used stamps to the value of 50 cents for each
page of ordinary paper.
vll. In petitions which are made by owners or consignees^ for the dispatch of their
merchandise on the importation as well as on their exportation, riiall be used stamps
to the value of 50 cents for each page of ordinary paper.
YIII. In each bond or response (t) executed by merchants before cnstom-honse offi-
cers shall be used stamps to the value of 50 cents for each page.
IX. A. In the petitions for the intemation of goods, if their value does not exceed
$100, shall be used stamps to the value of 5 cents for each page.
B. Exceeding $100 in value, twenty-five cents each page.
X. In petitions made for the dispatch or transport of goods in the coasting trade
shall be used stamps to the value of 10 cents each page.
XI. In the acts of average referred to in article 71 of this tariff shall be used stamps
to the value of 50 cents.
XII. Duplicates or triplicates of whatever documents used for comprobation in the
dispatches of the custom-houses are free of stamps.
XIII. In the acts referred t^ in fraction III of article 91 of this tari^ shall be used
stamps to the value of 50 cents each page.
XIV. In the petitions which captains or supercargoes of vessels present to collec-
tors of maritime custom-houses, to go to load national products at whatever point on
the coast after having discharged their cargo, shall be used stamps to the value of 50
cents.
Chapter XXV.
LAW OF THE ZONA LIBRE (FREE BELT).
(See note Zona Libre in Appendix B, p. 361.)
Art. 107/ I. The foreign merchandise imported through the fh)ntier custom-houses
on the right bank of the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande) in the State of Tamaulipas qualified
for commerce, for consumption and reciprocal commerce between the towns of Mata-
moros, Reynosa, Camargo, Mier, Guerrero and Monterey-Laredo,* shall only cause one
and thirty-seven hundredths of the (regular) import duties, to be applied to the mu-
nicipalities, according to article 19 of this tariff, and t one-half cent per pound of the
gross weight of goods introduced.
II. Goods imported by these custom-houses and deposited in government or individ-
ual warehouses in the towns named in the preceding fraction only cause on their im-
portation, when not internated to other towns of the republic, the municipal and
weight tax as stated in said fraction.
III. Importers of goods to the Zona Libre shall present to the respective cnstom-
house the consular documents provided in articles 24 to 30 of this tarifi", when they
are maritime imports or when the frontier imports are made in sail or steam vessels.
For other importations that take place from the towns of the left bank of the Rio
Bravo at the custom-houses theieof shall be obtained, from the respective Mexican
custom-house, permit or permits previous to importation, with the requisites required
by the rules of the custom-houses, whose permits shall be returned each montn in a
corresponding consular invoice and manifest.
lY. The foreign merchandise having arrived, and permit for which had been ob-
tained at the custom-house where it was imported, the inspection shall be verified in
entire conformity to the provisions of this tariff.
Y. For the importation of foreign effects each one of the custom-houses on the right
bank of the Rio Bravo qualified for commerce shall not permit more than one pasH in
some one of the fords of the same river, establishing in front of said ford a guard sta-
tion.
YI. Gk>ods leaving the localities mentioned in fraction I of this article for their re-
ciprocal commerce, shall go exactly with guUif or written permit, and in those docn-
meuts shall not be stated any way point, but only one as terminus, in which they are
to be consumed.
YII. Consumption in the ranches within the j urisdiction of the towns named in
• More commonly called New Laredo — opposite Laredo, Tex.
t See note 2, Appendix B.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 339
fraction I of this article shall be verified without payment of duties not exceeding in
each remission of ^oods to said ranches the value of $30, and carrying their respective
written permits, without which requisite they shall be confiscated.
YIII. Foreign goods imported to the Zona Libre shall pay on their intemation (to
points beyond the Zona Libre) the corresponding import duties, with deduction of
those paid on their introduction for mnnicipal and weight duties, being dispatched
conformably to the provisions of this tariff.
IX. In all (things) that has no express exception regarding the Zona Libre shall
apply the general dispositions of this tariff and rules or the custom-houses.
Chapter XXVI.
GENERAL PROVISIONS.
Art. 106. Collectors and employ^ of custom-houses, and counter-^ards, shall treat
passengers, captains of vessels, and merchants with due consideration without occa-
sioning more delays than are indispensable to fulfill the provisions of the tariff.
Art. 109. When the qnautities of provisions written in the list of the stores which
captains or supercargoes must present according to article 32 of this tariff are found,
notoriously excessive, collectors of customs shall order the liquidation and payment
of proper duties on the excess, considering the number of the crew and time needed
for the return voyage of the vessel, permitting in the case expressed the captains to
sell in port the excess of provisions.
Art. 110. Effects necessary for the use and conservation of the vessels must be
written in the list of stores, and if notoriously excefsive the collector shall proceed aa
provided in the precediuj^ article respecting ship stores.
Art. 111. If, of the ship's stores allowed oy collectors, captains should desire to sell
a part in tlu9 port, they snail be allowed to unload, paying the proper duties fixed by
this tariff.
Art. 112. Merchandise that fh>m the quality cannot be comprehended in the pre-
ceding articles, cannot be admitted as ship stores, and to them shall apply the penalty
corresponding to goods that come without consular invoice according to article 29 of
this tariff.
When permission is asked to transfer ship stores from one vessel to another, for
sales made by the captains, it shall be conceded, having paid the proper duties.
Art. 113. The laws of previous tariffs and the explanatory dispositions issued up to
the date of this aranoel (tariff law) shall not now apply or be in force.
Given in the National Palace of Mexico, November 8, 18S0.
PORFIRIO DIAZ.
TORO.
Appendix A.
WEIGHT DUTY.
Notr 1. — By the tariffof November 8, 1880, of which the preceding is a translation,
the merchandise included in Chapter VI were free of duties.
By the execulive decree of June 25, 1881, taking effect November 1 and 15, same
year, a weight duty of from 50 cents to (I on each 100 kilograms, gross weieht, was
imposed. This duty has in the translation been placed opposite the various classes.
By the same decree a similar duty was placed on aH goods named in Chapter VII.
This duty is placed opposite the articles in the right-hand column, under a suitable
heading.
Article 4 of this decree, that foreign effects not specified in the tariff (sec Chaptei
VIII) shall pay an additional ffross weight duty of 75 cents for 100 kiloin^ms.
Art. 5. Packages contained in one permit which weigh nearly 100 kilograms shall
pay duty for 100 kilograms.
Art. 6. When a package contains different articles, the weight duty on the* whole
package shall be computed at the rate of the cue having the greatest weight.
Art. 7. This shall not apply to articles conceded free imported by rauway fran-
chises.
Art. 8. This fixes an additional duty on the kilogram net which is in the list under
the former duty.
A similar duty of 3f cents on liquors in barrels is also given.
Art. 9. Wooos for construction and cabinet-work of all kinds, exported from the
coasts or frontiers, shall pay, after October 1, 1881, besides the duties given in frac-
tion IX of article 78 of tne tariff, an additional duty of $1 each ton of a cubic meter.
Art. 10. The same woods from other countries passing in transit by the rivers and
340 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
SortH of tbe republic, shall pay, after the same date, on their exportation, a singlo
nty of $4.50 for each ton of a cabic meter.
This article does not apply to woods carried by railways having franchises with
provisions as to this traffic.
Art. 11. Directs that these duties shall be given separate columns.
REGULATING KXPORTS OF SILVER AND GOLD.
Note 2. — A circular nom the secretary of the treasury, dated June 20, 1881, rega-
lates and changes somewhat the law regarding the payment of export duties on silver
and gold, or either in bullion, and adds duties on exports of copper with silver, lead
with silver, mineral stones, and powders, ^c.
Chapter J provides that duties of export mav be paid on exportation instead of as
formerly being paid when leaving the place where produced for the coast, and the
other articles of Chapter I give minute direction as to transit from interior towns.
Chapter II provides for paying duties on silver or gold bullion on exportation, with
rules, &.C.
Chapter III imposes a duty of 5 per cent, on the value on exports of copper with
silver, with rules, &.c.
Chapter IV imposes a similar duty of 5 per cent, on experts of lead with copper,
giving regulations, &o.
Chapter V provides that mineral stones and concentrated mineral powder (dust)
shall pay a similar duty of 5 per cent, on the value of silver they contain, with
rules, &o.
Chapter VI provides a similar duty of 5 per cent, on exports of artificial sulphates
of silver, with rules, &c.
Note 3. — Bv the law of December 14, 1881, which took effect three mouths aft-er
that date on tno gulf ports, and six months afterwards on the Pacific coast, the fol-
lowing changes were made in articles 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 66 of the tariff:
Division C of fraction lY of article 24 is changed by adding: Also shall be ex-
pressed the net weight of goods having different quotas contained in the same pack-
age when any of them pay by net weight, or when they are free of duties.
Article 27, I, provides that the fines provided therein shall be imposed if the error
in the invoices is not declared in the proper time.
Fraction II provides that to incur the fines, the errors mentioned shall be data nec-
essary for liquidating the duties, and also when the errors occur both in the copy of
the consignee and that of the custom-house, or only in the former when the latter has
no copy.
Similar errors in free goods will cause a fine of $10 for each fault.
Fraction III provides to incur tbe fines therein mentioned the ambiguity shall be
Buch as to impede the precise classification, material, and nationality of the effects. '
Article 28. I. For fault of any requisites contained in A of fraction lY of article 24,
shall be imposed the tines provided by fraction III of article 27.
II. The fault of any requisites named by B,C, D,or £ of fraction lY of article 24,
shall be imposed the following fines :
A. Not manifesting number of pieces, pairs, dozens, or thousands of goods, paying
by such designations and not giving values of invoices of goods, paying by invoice or
appraised vsklue, will incur an overcharge of 30 per cent, of the corresponding duties.
B. Omitting net weight of fabrics that pay by net weight, an overcharge of 50 per
cent.
C. In dther effects paying by net or gross weight, lack of respective weights, 25 per
cent.
D. When the invoice does not contain all the data provided by D of fraction lY of
article 24, and it is thereby difficult to calculate duties payable by measure, an over-
charge shall be made of 50 per cent, on the duties.
E. When the class of goods is not clearly stated, bo as to determine the proper du-
ties and various quotas fixed by this tariff for goods of those classes an overcharge is
made of 25 per cent, of the duties.
III. If the interested party take exception to these fines imposed by the custom-
booae, the question as to these heinga fault may be decided judicially, but the amount
of the fine shall be decided by the custom-house within the maximum provided.
Art. 29. II. This fraction is changed so that in case some of the Invoices are lost or
delayed goods may be compared and dispatched with the one received by the custom-
house or a certified copy of the one received by the secretary of the treasury, having
f;iven satisfactory bond to produce the invoice mentioned in fraction II of article 40.
II reaffirms fraction II of article 29.
lY. By this he fine provided in fraction III of article 29 is changed from $5 to $100
to $10 to $100.
Y. By this the fine to be imposed is conditional upon the non-correction by addition
to the invoice within the due time.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
341
Art. 66. I. By this the limits for additions or corrections to invoices is changed from
forty-eight to seventy-two honrs.
II. By this the changes in invoices may increase or decrease the import duties 15
per cent, instead of 10 per cent., as in the tariff.
III. Only chanses the expression of 10 per cent, to 15 per cent.
IV. This is made to read 15 per cent, instead of 10 per cent., 30 per cent, instead of
25 per cent., and the fine of 33 per cent, is reduced to 10 per cent.
y. This is made to read 30 per cent, instead of 25 per cent., and while 50 per cent,
is unchanged, the fine is changed firom 50 per cent, to 20 per cent.
YI. The additions or corrections that augment duties 50 per cent, more than the
amount declared shall cause an overcharge of 30 per cent, instead of the fine pre-
viously imposed.
YII. Additions or rectifications that completely change the class or nationality of
goods shall cause an overcharge of 75 per cent, on those thus declared.
VIII. No change.
IX. This is changed by the addiiian of the following :
1. The rectification and corrections in faults of ambiguitv named in fraction III of
article 27, and the faults to which fraction I of article 28 refers, shall be liquidated by
AB overcharge of 80 per cent, upon the amount of the duties, without prejudicing the
examination of all the packages to which the additions, &c., refer.
2. The rectifications and additions made in the cases referred to by A, B, C, D, and
E effraction II of article 28 shall be coDsidered by the custom-houses, impiosing only
5 per cent, of the penalties therein provided in such cases.
ApPEin>ix B.
Model No. 1.— Articlb 24 of Taripf.
Invoice of the following goods which he that eubaoribea remits in the vessel [here state nation-
ality, class, and name of ship], Captain , consigned to , of
iheplort of , of the Mexican RepubliOf where the vesst^ is destined.
i
I
t
1
ji «
«*«
90
** a •
S.a.ajD
Dstot
Signatare of shipper t
HonL— TTndflr this form exaolly thsU iavoloes be formed, tpeteifyfng esoh and every paekafo that
aieimntttodbythflm. ThesamofthetotalniimborofpaokiigM tnidl alaolMezpreMed>yleSer8.
342
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Model No. 2.— Abticle 30 of Tariff.
General man{fe8t of the goods
Ho, brought ^ theoaptainf
; deetined to the port of , of the Mexican Bepub"
•f who euoecrilies hitneelf a ciOzen of : — , in
the veeeel [here giyen Dationality, class, Dame, and toDnago of vessel], eonelgned to t^
houee of , eetabliihed in said port [or to toe said captain or supercargo].
»
1
84
•9 "8
a 4
1
S
SQ
J. L.
ItolO
T.
ILP.
ItolO
Total groM weight
ofeaohpftokage,
in fignres and
letters.
1 (one) SngUah
qaintaL
1 (one) SngUah
qointal.
lai
Hi
10 (ten)
10 (ten)
Claaaea of paokagea.
Barrela.
Bales of ordinary aise.
i
J
IS
I
White wine.
Cotton text-
urea.
I
Kame.
Name.
!
a
I
Name^
Name.
Here the name of the port and date.
Signatore, with protest of the captain that he has no goods in his ressel, and that he comee with in-
tention of legal oommeroe in the repablic.
Koim.— Under this exact form mvst be formed each ship's manifest, speoifyii>i^ each and erery pack-
age, after their class. The total number of packages shall also be expressed by letters.
Model No. 3.— Article 32 of Tariff.
Notice that the captain eubecribing gives to the cueiom-houee of ihie port of the baggage that
the paeeengere nave whom he has brought on board the ship , coming from — — .
Komber of
packages.
ClassiilcAtion
of packages.
Kamee of the
passengers.
Nationality of
them.
•
Batet
Signature of captain :
Model No. 4.— Article 32 of Tariff.
Notice that the subscribing captain gives to the custom-house of this port of the reeidue of
stores on board the ship ) under his command .
Number of
packages.
CHassofthe
eifeots.
Weight or meas-
ure of them.
Value.
■
Date
Signature of oaptain :
TARIFFS O THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
343
Model No. 5.— Fraction I of Article 37 of the Tariff.
Batificatum (or addition) of man{fe$U
To the oolUotor of ihie maritime oustom-'houee :
As captain or8apercargoof( Dame of vessel), this day entered in this port, in exercise
of the right given me by the tariff in force, I make the following rectifications (or
additions) : .
I request you«to order the necessary notation to be made, protesting that I proceed
yd faith.
Signature of captain or snpercargo : .
legally and in good faith.
Date:
Here the custom-house shall place the day and hour of presentation, noting if or no
the additions or rectification is deemed admissible, expressing the reason therefor.
Signature of the collector : .
Signature of auditor : -^— .
A copy. Auditor's office of the maritime (or frontier) custom-house of .
Date : . Signature of auditor : .
Model No. 6.~Article 38 of Tariff.
Coneular oertifloation on mantfeeta or invoices.
The preceding manifest (or invoice) numbered was presented in pages (in
figures and letters) by (name of captain or shipper), containing
packages (figures and letters).
Date, signature of consul, and seal of office.
This certification to be written at the foot of the respective document.
Model No. 7.— Fraction II, Article 40 of Tariff.
Consular oertifloation in cases of loss of invoices.
Consulate, vice-consulate, or commercial agency of the United Mexican States in
The subscriber, , certifies : That according to what is written on pages
of the reffistnr book of invoices of this , Messrs. presentedior
legalization, dated , an invoice recorded with the number , containing
-, captain
, consigned to Messrs.
, on tne voyage m
packages embarked on the vessel
(date) which were remitted to the port of
Aud on petition of the interested, who have manifested having lost the said invoice
I grant the present, having previously informed them that this certifioatit>n does not
free the consispees from the penalty which is incurred under the law from fault in
the dispatch of the effects and in the copies of the same invoice which may be caused
in the respective custom-house, remitted directly by this consulate, vice-consulate, or
agency.
Date ;
[seal.] Signature: .
Model No. 8.r— Fraction I, Article 66 of Tariff.
Citizen collector of the maritime custom-house :
Between the period of the law, we make the following addition (or rectification) of
the consular invoice No. , that covers {ampara) packages of merchandise
received by the steamer , captain , arrived at this port .
Harks.
Numbers.
Numbers of
paokagea.
Inroice says.
Should say.
P.C.
1
80
80
Thirty sacks oaoao.
Cacao oartpano.
I protest (or we protest) in good faith.
Date: .
Signature of importer:
344
TARIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Here the oustom-honse shall place the date and hour in which the addition (or cor-
rection) was presented, and if it is or is not admissible ; giving their reasons.
Signature of collector: .
Signature of auditor : .
Is copy. Auditorship of the maritime custom-house of
Date: .
Signature of auditor:
Model No. 9.~Fbaction I, Articlb 84 of Tariff. '
CUijgen ooUedar of the mariUme cu$tam-hou§e of :
Be pleased to permit the intemation of the following effects which by I re-
mit to to the consignation of——.
i
a
I
1
10
K.D.
1.,
10 (ten)
bales.
9
43
»
Woolen CAMimere
with 2, 000 square
meters.
J
o
OP
At $1.40 the
aqoare meter.
I
I
12,800
a
French str.
"France."
"a
►
o
2
lCar.8
I
1
%
o
Ten hales, weighhig, gross weight, 000 kilos.
Costom-honse seal.
Date: . Signatore of the interested :
Corresponding import daties paid (or secured to be paid to the satislkction of the anditor).
Signatore of auditor: .
Pass to tts destination.
Signature of collector : .
Seal of the guard (gate) by which it leaves.
Correct and note taken.
Signature of guard: — .
Model No. 10. — Fraction V, Article 77 of Tariff.
Petitifm for discharge and iratuit.
CtdMen oolUotor :
Be pleased to permit the discharge and anthorise the transit of the following effects
which consigned to the subscriber have arrived in (name vessel), captain •
— of
which proceeding firom
-, cast anchor in this port the
•, lea^.*
1
I
I
u
gS
9
I
3
a
d
«
9
H
•s
1
^1
§
1
I
•
s
«1
■9
If
Seslofoffioet
KoTB<— To he signed bv the auditor and vised bv the collector. Five per cent of tnnsit for traaaii
paid and bond given for total import duties aooording to tariff.
'When referring to goods brought to any fhmtier custom-house to come to Mexican territory, it shall
be stated when they come, who has been their conductor, the date of their arrival, and other speciflca>
tions written in ruled columns.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
345
Model No. 11.— Fraction XIY of Article 78 of Tariff.
Petition for embarkation.
(JiUMon eoUeotor :
Be pleased to permit the embarkation of the following effects, whioh in the ship
(name) captain , the Bubscriber remits to (name of port).
ICarki and nam.
bers.
Kamber of pack*
MM and their
euMa.
Minate aooonnt
oftheprodaoe
andeffeota.
Yalae.
•
KOTB.— Ib order that no mianndemtandine of the fore{[oing eleyen forma may reaolt tnm tranalation,
they aie herewith publiahed in the.original Spaniah.
MODELO No. 1.— CORRE8POin>IENTE AL ART. 24 DEL ArANCEL.
Factura de loe eigueintes efedoe, que el que euaoribe remite en el huque [aqni se de-
terminai^ la naoionalidad, clase y nombre del baqael eu oapitan --r-d la con-
oignadon de del oomeroio — del puerto de , de m B^ublioa Mexioana, para donde
96 di^e el buqite.
S
9
I
§
I
jPeeha: (TlTma del Samitante.)
■A.— Bi^ aato ordanae fSnnnarAB precrtaamante laa fiMtoraa. aap6oliloandotodoa y oadaiino da loa
qfoabi^alUaaraBitan. La aoma dal total ndnaro da hnltoa, aa aTpraaari tambJan per latea.
346
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
MODELO No. 2. — CORRBSPONDE AL ART. 30 DEL AraNCEL.
Manifetto general de Uu meroancUu que, con deatino al puerto de
Mexieana^ oakduoe el oapitan que suscribef dudadano de
de laRtpiSbUoa
-en el huqne [aqai
80 detenninart( la nacionalidad, claoe, nombre y tonolados que mida el bnqael, canei-
gnado d la eaea de — eetableeida en el referido puerio [6 al mismo capitan 6 sobre-
cargo.]
i
»
T....
H.P.
i
1 10.
lA 10.
1 (Un) qnintal Ingles..
1 (X7n) qointal Ingles..
I si
10 (Diet.).
10 (Diei.).
I
i
Barriles.
Teroioe de to-
mmfio oomnn.
H
• 8
|i
"•a
J
^^i
1
Ul
o
«
Yin* bianco.
N.N.
T^idos de bX-
godon.
N. N.
I
N. N.
N. N.
Aqni el nombre del pnerto y la feoha.
Fiima, oon proteeta del oapitan, de no tener ningonoe otroe efeetoo en sa bnqae, y que Tiene oon la
intendon de eommroiar legalmente en la BepAblioa.
NOTA.— Bajo eate orden se formarA premaamente cada manifeeto de baqne, eepediloando todoa y
eada nno de loe baltot, aean de la olaae qae fberen. La soma del total ntunero de bnltoe se eaqiresaim
tambien por letra.
MODELO No. 3. — CORRESPONDE AL ArT. 32 DEL ARANCEL.
NoHcio fue el eapUan que eueoribe dad la Aduana de eete puerto de loe equipajee qjus Hemen
loe paeajeroe que ka traido d bordo el huque prooedente de .
Ntunero de
bnltos.
Glaaiiloaoion
deboltos.
Noubres de
lospasj^eros.
deeatos.
• •
•
Feoba
Finna del capitan
MODELO No. 4. — CORRESPONDE AL ART. 32 DEL ArANCBL.
KotMa que da el capitan que eueoribe d la Aduana de eete puerto, del eohrante de rameho d
hordo del huque de eu numdo .
bnltos.
Clasedelas
efectos.
Peso y med-
ida de ellos.
Yalores.
Feoha
Finna del capitan
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEEAL COUNTBIES.
347
MODBLO No. 5.~CORRE8PONDE A LA FRAC. I DEL ArT. 37 DEL ABANOEL.
(Beotyieaeion (d adioUm) de manifletto.)
Al admMtUradior de wto aduana maritima :
Como oapitan 6 sobreoarffo de (tal baqne^ entrado hoy en eete pnerto, en c^eroioio
del derecho que me conoeae el Arancef vigente, hago las sigalentee leotifioaoloneB
(6 adicionee) :
Snplico ^ yd. mande bacer la deblda anotacion, proteetando prooeder con legalidad
y bnena f<6.
Fecha : Firma del oapitan 6 sobreoargo : .
Aani jjondrll la adnana la feoha y bora de la presentacion, anotando si considera 6
no aomiBible la adioion 6 rectifloacion expresando las lazones qne tenga para ello.
Firma del admin, istrador : .
Firma del contador : .
Es copia. Contadnria de la Adnana maritima (6 fironteriza) de —
Lafecba: .
Firma del contador :
Modelo No. 6.— Gorresponde al Art. 38 del Aranobl.
De oerUfloaoianee e<m8ularee en numyieetoe y faoturae.
Kl precedente manifiesto, nnmero tantos (6 factnra numero tantos), presentado en
lojas ( en gaarismo y letra) por (aqui el nombre del capitan 6 temi-
tente) contiene bnltos (en gnarismo y letra).
Fecba, firma del c^Snsnl v sello delconsolado.
Esta oertifloacion debera eecribirse al pi^ del docnmento respectiyo.
Modelo No. 7.— Oorresponde A la Frac. II. Art. 40 del Arancbl.
De oerUJUMoUm e(nuularpara loe easoe de extravio de faotwrae,
Consnlado, yice-consnlado 6 agenoia comeroial de los Estados Unidos Mezicanos en
El infraacrito Certiflca : Qne segnn consta ^ fojas del libro de
registro de flacturas de eete los Sres. presentaron para sn legali-
saoion en fecba una factnra qne se registro con el numero conteni-
endo bultos emarcados en el buque su capitan en el yi%je de
(aqnl la fecha) los cnales remitieron al pnerto de
coi^signados a los Sres.-
Y ^ pedimento de los interesados, qne ban manifestado baberse extrayiado la fac-
tnra de que se trata, expido la presente, habiendoles autes adyertido que esta certlflca-
oion no exime ^ los consignatimos de las penas en qne incnrran sesun la ley porfaltas
one se encnentren en los despacbos de los efectos y en los ejemplares de las mismas
ncturas. qne deben obrar en la aduana respectiya, remitidos nirectamente por este
cdnsnlaao (yice-consnlado 6 agencia).
Fecha: . Firma: .
[Sbllo.]
Modelo No. 8.— Gorresponde a Frac. I, Art. G6 del Arangel.
C AdnUnietradar de la Aduana maritima :
Dentro del termino de la ley, bacemos la siffuiente adicion (6 rectificacion) tf la fac-
tnra consular ndmero qne ampara bnltos de mercancias recibidas por yapor
capitan llegado ^ este pnerto .
M— .
Kdmeros.
Niiin.d6 bnltos.
Dice 1a fiMtaia.
Debedsdr.
P.=3C.
1
80
80
Trsints MKMM oaoao.
CtoM cttrtpana
348
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Proteato (6 protestamos) de bnena f6.
Fech^ : — . Firma del importador : .
Aqni pondra la aduana la fecba y hora en que fn^ presentada la adioion (6 rectifi'
cacion) y bI es d do admisible, expresando bus fuDdamentos.
Firma del administrador : . Firma del contador : .
Es copia. Contaduria de la aduana maritima de
Fecha:
Firma del contador:
MODELO No. 9. — CORRBSPONDB A FBAC. I, ABT. 84, DEL ABANCKL.
C. admniifrador de la aduana maritima de .'
Sirvase vd. permitir la Intemacion de los signientes efeotOB que con N. N. remito ^
^ la conaignacion de n. n. ,
i
a
a
U.D.
1
10
I
10 (dies)
teroioa.
a
9
I
i
I
I
9
•C
I
e
Casimir de laiia
COD 2,000 metros
cnAdradoe.
4 $1.40 C8 me-
tro cnadra-
d<M.
$8,800 00
•
•
•
1
1
1
1
o
a
fli
p.
8
0
9
•3
9
8
el
1
•
i
n
f^
iq
Vapor francos
••France."
MarsoS
I
a
o
N.N.
Dies tercios peaando, braio 600 kiloa.
Fecha y firma del intereaado
Sella de la adoana.
Pag61o8 dereohoa de importacion correepondientea (6 los aaegnrd 4 aatisfacoion del contador).
Firma del cont«dor:
Paae a an destine.
Firms del administrador :
Sello de la garita de salida.
Cnmplido y tornado raaon.
Firma del celador ; — — —
MODELO No. 10. — CORRESPONDE A LA FraC. V, ART. 77, DEL ARANCEL.
Pedimento de deecarga y traneiio,
C. adminietradw :
Sirvase vd. permitir la descarffa y autorizar el transito de los siguientes efectoB qne
^ la consignacion del que suscribe, ban llegado en (tal buque) an capitan
que procedente de fondeo en este puerto el de de 188—.
§
6
d
i
I
I
d
lis
t
•a o
9A
I
a
IS
•CO
a
M
1%
8aUo d« la oilcina:
Non.— Qne flnnarA el contador yiiada per el administrador. Pago el oinoo por oiento de transito y
alla&id el total de derecbos de importacion, oonforme al aranoel.
Cnando se trate de efeotos qne Uegaen 4 algnna adoaaa fh>nteriss para pasar por el teritorlo Hexi-
cano se ezpresarA la procedentis de ellos, oaien haya sido el condactor, la leoha ae la U^gada y Iss d»>
mam espeoiflcacinnes qne conatan en laa casillas
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
349
MODKLO No. 11.— CORRKSPONDE A FrAC. XIV, ART. 78, del ARANCEL.
Pedimento de embarque,
C. adminiatrador :
Sirvase yd. permitir el embarque de los signientes efectos que en el buque (aqui sa
nombre) sa capitan N., remite el que suscribe para (aqiii el nombre del puerto).
meros.
Nam. de bnl*
tos y an olase.
Ponnenor de
los fratoa y
efeotos.
Sa Yftlor.
Note 1. — The Zona Libre limits, — The Zoua Libre is a narrow strip along the Rio
Grande from the mont)i to a few miles above Nuevo Laredo and back from the river
not to exceed 25 miles, nor in any case beyond the State line of Tamaulipas.
Porta of first entry. — The ports of first entry are now Matamoros, Camargo, Mier,
Guerrero, and Nuevo Laredo.
Population, — The estimated population of the Zona is about 50,000.
For further information as to the Zona Libre see my report published in Consular
Monthly Reports No. 5, for March, 1881, and my No. SK24, of January 27, 1882.
Note 2. — In this report no attention has been given to the law of Potazgo — toll or
duty on native prodacts, which obtains in the federal district and in Lower California.
Nor have I been able to collect sufficient data to properly show the various local
municipal toll duties on foreign merchandise. I am informed that all such laws are
unconstitutional aud should not be enforced. Yet in this State such laws have been
approved by the legislature for certain of the cities, and may or may not be now
enforced. lu this city there is none at present. In one city in this State the law was
approved by the legislature, is unrepealed, but is not now enforced.
In other cities of this State and in several cities in the interior such laws are said
to be now enforced.
Indeed, while I have not seen a copy of the laws which are in force in Monterey,
Zacat^ecas, and other interior cities, yet I have seen statements of accounts rendered
to merchants in this city in which this local tax has gone as high as 12^ per cent, of
the full Mexican tariff. In others the amounts paid were considerably less.
I am also informed that these laws are not fully enforced in all cases, that some
houses pay less, others pay in full, and others again pay nothing.
From the nature of such laws it will be seen that, while they are not stable and
uniform enough 'to allow of their introduction in such a report as this, that they are
Devertheless of considerable importance in matters of local traffic.
Note 3. — For further information which will be of great importance to American
dealers in Mexican trade, I refer to the report by Dr. S. T. Trowbridge, late United
States consul at Vera Cruz, published in volume 2, page 835, Commercial Relations of
1879. I would particularly call attention to Dr. Trowbridge's remarks under the
heads **Ambiguity of the Tariflf Law," "Advice to American Shippers," and the whole
of the remainder of the report. It has, of course, been modified in some particulars
by the new tariff, herewith translated, but with that kept in mind I consider it of
great value and as applicable to-day as then.
Note 4. — In a report from the United States consul, David Turner, esq., at La Paz,
Mexico, dated December 10, 1880, and published in the Monthly Consular Reports,
No. 6, April, 1881, in paragraph 4 is mentioned another serious inconvenience to ship-
pers. I quote the first part of the paragraph: "An invoice which might be deemed
correct by a Mexican consul, and might pass one cuetom-houeff will very likely be con-
aidered all wrong at another custom-house, and be subject to heavy fines and penalties.
I have italicised the particular point to which I wish to call attention.
As stated there, goods may pass one custom-house and go clear through to the inte-
rior destination, and then be classed as something essentially different, of course with
higher duties^ and cause the corresponding fines, double duties, and annoyances.
in one case which came under my observation lately, the importer took the decision
of this custom-house and paid duties in good faith, only to cause the receiver of the
goods in Saltillo double duties, &c., from the different classification of that office.
350 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
ADDITIONAL DUTIES ON IMPOSTS INTO MEXICO.
REPORT BY CONSUL TURNER, OF LA PAZ.
Beferring to my dispatch No. 181, dated July 25, 1881, and the men-
tion therein made of the import duty imposed upon lumber, machinery,
and all other articles formerly admitted free, and the additional duty
upon all importations, I have to say that a careful consideration of the
new duties imposed convinces me that the effect upon trade will be
more disastrous than I had at first supposed it would be.
The duty upon machinery, although comparatively light, will be con-
sidered by Americans engaged in mining and other enterprises in Mex-
ico as indicating a disposition on the part of the Mexican Government
to discourage such enterprises, and the duty on lumber nearly amounts
to prohibition.
The duty on rough lumber will amount to from 100 to 150 per cent,
upon the invoice value, and it must be invoiced by weight. At least
one-half the lumber imported is brought on the deck of vessels, and,
being constantly wet on the passage, its weight is greatly increased on
the voyage.
Suppose that the lumber is invoiced correctly at the port of shipment,
when it arrives at the port of discharge its weight will fai- exceed the
invoiced weight, and then, under the present law, will come lines, double
and triple duties, and even imprisonment for the innocent consignee.
Under these circumstances it is doubtful if any one will dare to import
lumber into Mexico after the ist of November next, when this law goes
into effect.
What is the motive of the Mexican Government in imposing such an
extraordinary duty on lumber f It cannot be to protect Mexi<'an indus-
tries, for Mexico does not contain within its limits any wood that can
take the place of the redwood and pine of California and Oregon, and
it cannot be for the purpose of raising a revenue, for, if that were the
motive, a moderate duty would have been imposed and not an enormous
one, under restrictions and penalties which may prevent the importa-
tion altogether.
I conceive that the real motive is to prevent trade wkh the United
States, and to discourage mining and other enterprises in Mexico by
Americans. Whoever will take the trouble to examine the Mexican
tariff will find that prohibitory duties are imposed upon almost every
article which was formerly imported, exclusively or generally, from the
United States, and on these facts I base my opinion.
Besides these new duties, another decree has been published, which,
although dated three days anterior to the one already mentioned, was
not published here until the lOtb instant. This decree imposes another
additional duty of 2 per cent, upon all imports, 5 cents per ton additional
tonnage duty on all sail vessels bringing merchandise, and a new duty
of 5 cents per ton on steamers, sail vessels in ballast, and vessels laden
with coals, all of which were heretofore exempted from tonnage duties.
All these additional duties will have little or no effect upon importa-
tions from Europe. Those who purchase in Europe, importing as they
do in large quantities and by cargoes, will continue to do in the future
as they have done in the past, make special contracts for the admission
of their goods with the <^ minister of hacienda" and the collector of the
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 351
"poTt of entiy ; but those who purchase in the United States, generally
purchasing in small lots, will pay full duties, and on them the burden of
those additional duties will fall. Every merchant on this western coast
of Mexico understands that full duties must be paid on all goods pur-
chased in the United States, while the same class of goods purchased
in Europe will pay from 25 to 40 per cent, less, and notwithstanding all
this they still purchase a large amount of goods in the United States.
The result of a state of affairs which would admit American goods into
Mexico ax>on equal terms with European goods can easily be imagined.
DAVID TURNER,
Consul.
United States Constjlatb,
La Pazj August 25, 1881.
EXPOST DUTIES 07 MEXICO.
SSPORT BT OONBVL-QENERAL BTROTHEB,
In reply to the Department circular letter of date February 15, ultimo,
requesting all accessible information on the subject of export duties,
&C., I have the honor to inclose all the information I have been enablea
to procure, to wit, a copy of the tariff laws of 1880 relating to export
duties ; a notice of the repeal of the export tax on the precious metals,
and translation of a circular from the Mexican treasury department
substituting the rules of the tariff of 1880 ; and a printed copy of the
law relating to the income of the Oovemment for the fiscal year begin-
ning July 1, 1883, and ending June 30, 1884, with an English translation
of the paragraphs which relate to the subject of export duties.
As the Mexican Government is now engaged in revising and reform-
ing all branches of its administration, and as the questions of finance
are of present and vital interest, everything directly or indirectly con-
nected with the public revenues has become a subject of especial and
earnest consideration. Consequently, the tariff laws have been recently
subjected to notable changes and modifications, and will doubtless be
still further revised and modified to meet the requirements of an increas-
ing foreign commerce and the growing responsibilities of the Oovern-
ment.
DAVID H. STROTHER,
OonsuhQeneral.
United States Consulate,
City of Mexico^ June 8, 1883.
Meiican tariff laws of 1880. '
Chapter XVII.— Exportation.
Art. 78. I. National products, goods and manufactured articlM, are free of export
duties, with the exception of Mexican antinuities, the exportation of which is still
grohibitedy and of gold, silveri precious wooos, and archil, which shall pay the duties
erein below expressed.
II. Silver coined dollars sent to ports or frontier custom-houses shall pay at the
point of exit an export duty of five per cent., and gold coin one-half per cent.
352 TAEIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
III. Small silver or gold coin taken to ports and frontier custom-houses for circu-
lation therein shall pay. upon being exported, the five and the half per cent., ro-
epeotively, fixed in tne loreffoin^ clause.
lY. Gold and silver coin, bullion and silver plate, sent to ports or to frontier cus-
tom-houses for their exportation or circulation, shall be transported with the permit
issued by the revenue officers, if the latter reside at the points from whence such
metal is taken out, or by the stamp acents, and by the custom-house collector of the
federal district when the said coin or Dullion is sent from said district.
y. Silver bullion upon being exported shall pay five per cent, on the value thereof
as export duty ; four dollars and forty-one cents per cent, upon the same value as
coinage dues, and two dollars for each piece not exceeding one hundred and thirty-
five marcs as melting and assay dues.
Oold bullion, upon being exported, shall pay one-half per cent, upon the value
thereof, as export duty four dollars six huudrea and eighteen thousandths per cent,
of the same value as coinage dues, and two dollars per piece not exceeding one hun-
dred and thirty-five marcs as melting and assay dues.
Silver bullion taken out of mines in the territory of Lower California shall, upon
being exported, pay only five per cent, on value thereof, the marc of silver being esti-
mated to be worth eight dollars.
VI. Silver foreign plate, or worked into any form, shall, upon being exported, pay
five per cent, upon value of the same, besides the duties it has to pay as assay and
mint dues.
VII. Small silver and gold pieces shall not pay any export duty, but the conveyers
of the same are nevertheless obliged to provide themselves with the corresponding
permit in order to carry such coin to any port.
VIII. Gold or silver coin, silver plate, or bullion, destined for exportation or circu-
lation at any port or frontier custom-house, conveyed without the permit referred to
in clause II of this article, shall be liable to the penalty of confiscation, and in all
other respects are subject to the provisions of the said article.
IX. Timber for building purposes and precious woods shall pay one dollar and fifty
cents per ton (measure) of such wood exported, when it is exported through a port
open to foreign trade.
When such exportation is made through some point not open to foreign trade, one
dollar and fifty cents per ton. registered by the exporting vessel, shall be paid at the
custom-house which grants tne corresponding permit, from which there shall only be
deducted the space occupied by national goods previously shipped on board the said
vessel.
Timber loaded on deck shall pay one dollar and fifty cents per ton besides the du-
ties paid for the number of tons registered by the vessel, and in case of any clandes-
tine exportation, the penalty of losing such timber will be increased.
X. Archie (orchilla) shall pay an export duty of ten dollars per ton.
XI. Foreign and national vessels arriving at ports of the republic which are only
open to coasting trade for the sole purpose of shipping cattle or timber, are not obliged
to solicit any permit therefor from the corresponding custom-house open to foreign
trade, but in all cases they shall bring with them the respective manifest as provided
for in Clause III, Art. 31, of .this tariff.
XII. Vessels to which the foregoing provision refers shall not be allowed to anchor
at any bar or harbor but the one port open to coasting trade mentioned in their mani-
fest, excepting in cases of uncontrollable circumstances, or of vis major; when the
provisions contained in Chapter X of this tariff will have to be observed.
XIII. Maritime custom-houses shall allow the conveyance of domestic products from
any point on the coast to ports open to foreign trade, on all kinds of vessels, under
the vigilance which they may deem necessary in order to prevent frauds.
XIV. For the exportation of national products and goods a petition in quadruple
shall be presented in form of model No. 11, the said exportation being subject to the
provisions contained in the general maritime and frontier custom-house regulations.
Art. 79. The national vessels, and in want of those the foreign ones, after having
finished their discharge in the port or ports to which they have been destined, can
proceed to any place on the coast, even if there should be no custom-house, in order
to load national merchandise, obtaining previously the permission of the collector of
the corresponding maritime custom-house.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 353
EXPORT TARIFF OF GUERRERO.
RSPOBT BT VIOS'OONSUL WfNSLOW, OF QVERRERO.
MARKET PRICES.
The following are some of the leading articles of cousumptiony both
native and imported :
Beef perpoand.. |0 04
Idird w do )25
Pork do 06
Kids each.. 50
Chickens do 12
Hens do.... 50
Milk perqnart.. 12
Eggs per dozen.. 37
Salt per pound.. 06
Siearine candles •. each.. 03
Sugar:
Bmwn Mexican perpoand.. 06
White Mexican .do.... 25
White American do.... 18
Coffee do 25
Beans perpeok.. 1 00
Flour perpoand.. 12
Rite do 12
Petroleum per can.. 2 50
Alcubol per ffallon.. 1 50
Canned fi-uits per half can.. 25
Starch per pound.. 12
Tobacco do 25
Cotton shirting per yard.. 12
Calicoes do 12
Freuch ca^simeres per cut.. 6 00
United States '. do.... 4 00
Mexican * do 3 00
Soap per pound.. 25
Tariff for the city of Guerrero, for arHoles exported, wkick go to make up the municipal fund,
1. For every kind of animal killed for purpose of speculation $0 25
2. For every head of horses, mules, or cattle taken out of the country 1 00
3. For every head of horses, mules, or cattle taken into the interior 12^
4. For every fat pork which is taken out of town or which is killed in town
for purpose of speculating 06J
5. For every beef hide taken out of town 03^
6. For every thousand head of sheep or goats taken oat of the country 12 00
7. For every thousand head of sheep or goats taken outside of the limits of
the town 1 00
8. For every horse, mule, or jackass taken oat of the limits of the town .... 25
9. The mares and she asses taken out of the country, for each 2 00
10. Each mare and she ass taken out of the mnuioipality to any other part of
the republic will pay 25
11. Every arroba (25 pounds) of wool raised within the jurisdiction of the
town, will pay for its extraction to any part of the republic, or outside
of its limits 01|
12. Each skin of sheep or goats, for its extraction to other ports, will pay . ^. . 01 j
13. Each cart which enters town for speculative purposes will pay what is
called " el piso" 12^
14. Every hundred of sugar-cane, to enter 12^
15. Every hundred dollars' worth of earthenware of the country will pay one
percent, to enter 1 00
16. Evenr hundred dollars' worth of foreign earthenware will pay one and a
huf per cent, to enter the town 1 GO
17. Every hundred oranges that are sold 12(
17S4 CONG — A P ^23
354 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
18. All sorts of wood, worked, of this or other countries, to enter, will pay for
each foot fO 01
19. Each thousand of garlic or onions will pay 1 00
tJO. Each gallon of alcoholic liquor, to enter OGi-
21.* Each gallon of other wines or vinegar, to ent«r , 01^
22. Every package of dry merchandise, to enter 12^
23. All sorts of grain, with the exception of com, will pay to enter, on each
arroba 02
24. Every billiard table will pay monthly 2 00
25. All other establishments of whatever kind will pay, according to the pleasure of
the town authorities, a monthly tax, according to the amount of their capital.
All articles which are Dot contained in the present tariff remain sab-
ject to the pleasure of the authorities of the city of Guerrero to levy
upon them a contribution which they think just and ri^ht.
CHAKLES WINSLOW,
ViceConsuL
United States Consulate,
Gnerreroj MexicOj January 12, 1883.
OPESATION OF MEXICAH TAEIFP LAWS.
REPORT BT CONSUL TURNER, OF LA PAZ,
The trade and commerce of this port is far from being in a pros-
perous condition, and instead of increasing appears lo be daily dimin-
ishing. All branches of business are in a very depressed condition, and
dull times and little money is a general complaint among all classes.
It woulfl seem that a better state of affairs should exist, as we have
bad a very favorable season ; more rain has fallen than for many pre
vious years ; the mines are producing more silver than formerly, and
the country has remained quiet since the revolution of November, 1879.
I can see no reason for the general depression except in the tariff on
imports, the manner in which business is conducted in the customhouse,
the law of the 31st May, 1879, imposing extraordinary penalties upon
violations of the revenue laws, and the recent enforcement of an old law
of " Portazgo," or law imposing duties upon domestic goods, introduced
into La Paz from other parts of Mexico, which weighs heavily upon
every inhabitant The duties on imports, with the addition of the fines,
double and triple duties, &c., which are imposed, raise the cost of all
articles so high that the people can scarcely earn enough to give them
a bare subsistence, and they have not a dollar ti) si>are for superfluities;
»nd the merchants are really afraid to import goods, for it appears im-
possible to have them so documented as to escai)e fines and double and
triple duties. Only last month a merchant here was forced to pay a fine
of $«i50 for some slight error in the documents covering a small invoice.
An invoice which might be deemed correct by a Mexican consul, and
might pass one custom house, will very likely be considered all wrong
at another custom- house, and be subjected to heavy tines and penalties.
I am confident that there is not an officer in the customhouse at La Paz
who, being in San Francisco, can make out an invoice which would be
considered correct in his own custom-house.
The custom-house officers appear to think that their principal duties
are to put the importers to all possible trouble and expense, and to find
ways and means to impose fines, and they are generally sustained by
the" Treasury Department. I will give an instance: A package of as-
sorted candy sent as samples, and valued at $4, was recently sent by a
manufacturer in San Francisco to a merchant here. It was invoiced
'^^Azacar candi," which I think was correct, and I do not see how it
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 355
conld b© properly called by any other name; but the customhouse de-
cided that it was wrongly invoiced, and imposed duties, fines, &c., to
the amount of $11.59 on the little package of samples valued at $4;
and similar cases, frequently on a much larger scale, are of common
occurrence.
Besides all this, the importer always has the fear that under the law
of May, 1879, some little eiror in his invoice may not only cause him to
be fined, but also imprisoned, and he really incurs almost as much risk
as the stnuggler, without the chance of the same profit. In my opinion
the only efiect the law of May, 1879, has had has been to encourage
smuggling and to discourage importation through legitimate channels.
The law of ^^Portazgo" bears sUll more heavily on the people gen-
erally than does the duty on importations; but I will make that the
subject of a future dispatch.
There appears to be no remedy for these things, and under these cir-
cumstances it cannot reasonably be expected that the imports of La
Paz will be increased to any considerable extent in the future.
No American or other foreign vessel, except the monthly mail steamer,
has entered this port since last August, and no vessel is expected ; and
it appears that the foreign trade of La Paz is at an end for the present.
DAVID TUKNER,
ConsnL
United States Consulate,
La Paz^ Mexico^ December 10, 1880.
MEXICAH TAEUT ON BSEADSTUFFS.
AMEBICAN GOODS IN MEXICO.
As to the articles manufactured in the United States that are finding
a market in this country, it is encouraging to see that they are con-
stantly acquiring an increasing popularity. We will hold the ground
we have and extend the field of occupation if our artisans and manu-
facturers continue to excel in the superior quality of articles they pro-
duce. Our machinery, tools, cutlery, clocks, watches, sewing-machines,
arms, wooden wares, hardware, brooms, and woven fabrics are justly
more popular and more eagerly sought for than the same articles from
Europe. Some of these articles are being imitated in Europe, and are
finding their way here. The tendency of this nefarious trade is in two
ways to depress and injure our good name and intentions: First, by
destroying our well-earned reputation by making our manufacturers
seem to acknowledge somebody else's illegitimate offspring by forging
to worthless articles some well-established name or mark; and, secondly,
by ruining the prices and confidence of the consumers, who may not
have the means of comparison and distinguishing the genuine from the
false. When Europeans resort to such dishonorable practices, they
acknowledge thereby their own inferiority, and offer a potent admoni-
tion to our citizens not to seek to lower in anything the present standard
of their excellence. We cannot compete with them in worthless manu-
factures, and we ought not to exercise our faculties in that direction.
Many articles, such as flour, canned groceries of all kinds, potatoes,
&c., conld find a ready and extensive market here if the tariff were not
prohibitory. Eight dollars a barrel on flour makes it impossible to im-
port it into Mexico without loss. These high rates on the staple articles
of family consumption render living very expensive in a land where it
should be the cheapest.
356 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
GUATEMAIiA.
THE TAEUT 07 GUATEMALA.
TEAN8LATSD AND TRANSMITTED ST CONSUL TITV8.
CHAI>TKR 1.
PORT DUES.
Art. 2. The oaptains or consigoees of merchant ships which may anchox in a port
of the republic shall pav two pesos (dollars) as anchorage dnes, which shall not be
again colleoted thon^h the ship may toach in other ports of the repnblic.
Abt. 3. The following are excepted from paying anchorage dues :
1st. Ships of war of friendly nations, and transports accompanying them, when
they may be permitted to enter and anchor in the ports of the lepnblic.
2a. Ships of the nation in their first Toyage of exportation and importation.
3d. Vessels of less than 25 tons register.
4th, Ships obliged to put into the ports of the repnblio by storms, damage, or per-
secution of enemie#.
Art. 4. Merchant vessels which may anchor in the ports of the republic shall pay
as tonnage due 25 centavos (cents) for each ton, aceordine to the register.
Art. 5. The following are excepted from the payment of tonnage dues:
1st. Ships of war of friendly nations, alihongh they may disembark or tranship
merchandise or specie pertaining t-o their respective Governments.
2d. Ships of this country in their first voyage of importation or exportation.
3d. Those which may come in ballast to load with products of the country, even
though they disembark not exceeding ten tons of merchandise.
4th. Those which dibembark or tranship only stone-coal, or precious metals in
bullion or coin.
5th. Those which bring more than twenty-five immigrants.
6th. Those which are forced to put into one of the ports of the republic, though
they transship or disembark the whole or a part of their cargo to be re-exported.
Art. 6. Harbor and tonnage dues shall bo collected in the nnt principal port (jnierto
mayor) to which she may come.
Art. 7. Tonnage clues shall be collected only once fh>m ships which make voyages
from one port to another of the republic; but if they touch at a foreign port or re-
main more than thirty days on the high seas, upon their return they shall again pay
the said dues.
Art. H. Merchant ships shall pay as roll dues 25 centavos for each person of their
crew, including the captaiu.
Art. 9. Roll dues shall be collected in the principal ports by the administrators of
the custom-honse of the same.
Art. 10. Anchorage, rounoge, and roll dues shall not be collected from ships ex-
cepted from paying them by treaties or by contracts celebrated by the executive
power.
IMPORTATION OF MERCHANDISE AND DUTIES.
Section h—Arlivks the importation of which is prohibited, and classyication of thoee of
licit commerce.
Art. 2. The importation of all classes of merchandise not excepted b^ the law, if
allowed, without distinction as to the flag of the ship in which they are imported, or
of the derivation or origin of the merchandise.
Art. 12. The importation by private individuals of the following articles is prohib-
ited:
Apparatus for coining; balls of lead or iron, bombs, hand-grenades, and other pro-
jectiles of war; cannons or pieces of artillery; carbines, rifles, or muskets; obscene
pictures, books, and objects, and those contrary to morality and good customs; false
money ; nitrate of potassium or saltpeter, exceeding one arroba (25 pounds) ; nitro-
glycerine and dynamite; powder of all kinds, exceeding 2 pounds; raw tobacco;
manufactured tobacco, exceeding 5 pounds.
Art. 13. Merchandise imported into the republic is divided into six classes:
1st. Articles exempt from import duties.
2d. Articles paying 10 per cent.
3d. Articles paying 25 per cent.
4th. Articles paying 70 per cent.
5th. Commerce with the republics of Central America.
6th. Commerce with the Mexican Republic.
Art. 14. The appraisements established in this code shall be the basis fbr the ool-
2 fiction of import duties.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 357
*
Section 2. — Ariiclet exempt from import duties,
0
Art. 15. The followiDg articles are exempt from import duties:
Barbed wire and faookn for fences^ animals, dead or living, for breeding ; anchors
and girt-lines; apparatus for prodncmg light from carbonated hydrogen gas; rice in
0aiD; quicksilver; boats, tackle, sails, and other necessaries for ships for the use of
the ports and lakes of the republic ; mineral ores; stone-coal ; rye ; Roman cement or
hydraulic lime; diamonds and other precious stones, unmounted ; edifices complete, of
wood or iron : eflfects imported for tne account of the nation or the municipatities, for
the service of the public or of charitable establishments ; effocts introduced by dip-
lomatic ministers resident in the republic, for their own use, provided that tJiis priv-«
ilege is reciprocal, and that the requisitions of this code are fulfilled (consuls and
vice-consuls do not enjoy this exemption) ; baggage of passengers (by this being under-
stood objects of their personal use and indispensable instruments of their profession
or business, in quantity proportioned to the class and circumstances of the owners,
and furniture already used, belonging to persons coming to establish themselves in
the oountrv) ; ordinary packings, when duties on the articles are not assessed on the
gross weiffht (in bales^ the packing cloth, oiled cloth, side-boards, and straps will be
consideaia packing; in boxe^, the lining of tin or zinc, the card-board, paper, and
casks, iF they ace not expressly included in the corrcMBponding -sppraisemttiit ; no
blankets, sheets, or other article mentioned in the fourth and fifth sections of this
chapter shaU be considered as packing); iron in pigs or masses of not less than fifty
pounds in weight ; photographs and views of the country ; fragments and rig;ging
of shipwrecked vessels; beans; pease, guano and other manures; fuse for miues;
hay and other fodders not mentioned ; crucibles and other instrumeuts for assaying
metals; lodestonc; fire-bricks and crucibles for founding; fresh vegetables: books,
used; rough lumber; machines unknown in the country and applicable to industry
or agriculture; maize ; models of machines and buildings ; molds for making flowers;
samples of merchandise whose value does not exceed one dollar; gold and silver in *
bullion, dust, or coin ; potatoes : periodicals, loose or bound ; exotic plants and their
seeds; portraits belonging to families resident in the country ; seeds of flowers, veg-
etables, or other kinds not specified in this chapter ; articles for the wharves of the
ports; articles for telegraphs.
Skction 3. — ArticieB pafing \0 per cent.
Art. 16. Ten per cent, on the principal value, according to original invoices, shall
be collected for the introduction of the following articles:
Acids applicable to the arts and industries of the country, not included in the tariif
of drugs and medicines ; nautical compasses or needles ; knitting-needles ; crude cotton,
with or without the seed : oil-cloth, or rubber-cloth for making hats ; hour glasses or
sand clocks ; plows of all classes ; noops of wood or iron for barrels, hogsheads, &,e. ;
tar of all kinds ; barometers ; barrels, pipes, and hogsheads, empty ; iron pumps,
with or without piping, for mines, irrigating, or fires : iron, lead, or zinc piping for
aqueducts, gas works, &c.; wire masks for robbing l>ee-hives ; geographical maps
or charts ; wa^^ens or carts of all kinds, with their equipage, except namees ; hand-
oarts of all kinds; stone paste-board (f) ^carton piedra) or other inventions for
roofs : barley ; horse-hair ; crucibles ; exeroise-books of writing, drawing, or math-
ematics for use of schooM ; sketches or patterns on paper for embroidery ; artifi-
cial teeth; staves; axles, tires, and wneels for wagons, carts» or hand-carts;
wheelbarrows ; globes of all kinds for study : marble statutes for models, natural
«ize; raathematical-iiistrument cases; surgical-instrument ca^es; metal checks for
use in haciendas; blacksmiths' bellows, blocks for tackles, wood or iron; shoe-lasts
and hat-blocks: printing materials for offices; instruments useful in the sciences,
arts, and agriculture, not classified in this code ; gold jewelry of at least i^% fine, and
silver of -^tsj rushes, straw, and palm leaf for furniture or hats ; sheet-iron for roofs ;
wool, carded or uncarded ; type for printing ; printed books; machines for agriculture,
milling, and other arts, sciences, and industries, and also single pieces belonging to
saiil machines; marbles, rough and without polish; mausoleums or sarcophagi of
stone; wood, prepared for edifices; longitudinal measures; candle-molds; sugar-
molds ; music, printed and manusciipt ; levels ; paper for printing, in sheets of at
least 100 by 65 centimeters ; lightning-rods and necessaries ; patterns for tailors and
dress-makers ; rabbit or hare hair for making hats ; cauldrons or boilers of iron or
copper for sugar-mills ; lead for roofs, in the rou^h or in plates ; hydraulic presses for
maKing oil or applicable to agricultural productions ; lithographic stones : slates for
roofing ; tower clocks, their dials and bells ; gold watches of at least -^^ fine, and
silver ones of -fft^i platform scales for weighing more than 5,000 pounds ; printers'
ink ; wheat; plate table service of silver of^at least -ff^ fine, and of gold of -ftHAry
poison for curing hides ; zinc in bars.
358
TARIFFS OF TUE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Section 4. — Jrticle$ paying 25 per cent,
Abt. 17. The followiDg articles shall pay 25 per cent, on their appraisement:
Articles.
Steel in hsrs or pistes, onworked, ktoss weight cwt. .
Hsnnoninms.... escli..
Hsmess:
For two hones, with silyer omsments psir. .
For one horse, with silver ornaments each..
For two horses, with or withoat omsment« of ordinary metal pair. .
For one horse, with op without ornaments of ordinary metal each . .
For wagons, carts sud plows do
Closed carnages With four wheels, elevated seat for driver, and lined with silk In-
side each..
Same, not lined with silk do
Open carriages:
Four wheels, silk lining do
Foar wheels, not lined with silk do
Two wheels, sll classes do
Foar wheels, ordinary, wooden bed, for passengers do
Varnished leather for shoes, holsters, carriage ornaments, and other uses, with
paper packings pound..
Calf-skin leather for shoes or carriage awnings, paper packings do . . .
Leather of aheepskin, goat, chamois, morooco, baffslo. solti leather, upper leather,
and other hides, withoat nair and withoat varnish, not specified in this code, with
paper packing pound..
Carriage axles and springs, net weight do
Elastic of sll kinds, for shoes yard..
Tin, iu bars or plates, gross weight cwt. .
Thread of wool, for embroidery or wearing, incloding weight of packings, .pound. . .
Thread, yam, or wicking of cotton, orade or bleached, for weiuing, gross
weight pound..
Thread, yam, of red cotton, gross weight do
Thread, yam, of other colors, gross weight do
Sheet tin, gross weight do
Pianos:
Grand each..
Half grand do
Upright, all classes do
Square, triple stringed do ...
Square, doable stringed do
Square, single string^ or monochord do
Empty sacks, for ezporung fhiits of the ootmtry do
Appraise-
ment
DntiM.
$6 00
60 00
01 60
15 00
200 00
80 00
80 00
02 00
8 00
50 00
20 00
20 00
800
200
800 00
500 00
200 00
125 00
400 00
300 01
120 00
200 00
100 00
75 00
30 00
50 00
80
64
20
10
40
28
40
10 00
1 00
10
07
10
250
25
20
50
86
06
05
OO
01*
700 00
400 00
800 00
280 00
100 00
80 00
20
175 00
100 00
75 00
70 00
25 00
7 50
05
Section 5. — ArHelee pajfing 70 per cent
FIB8T PABT.
Art. 18. The following articles shall pay 70 per cent, on their principal value
cording to original invoices: Empty boxes, work-boxes, and card-oases of all olaooee;
music-boxes; belts of classes not specified; pencil drawings and prints of all classes,
with or without frames; small statues, of wnatever material, for ornaments; flasks,
or liqnor-cases of all kinds; musical instruments, not specified in the second part or
this section; flat tombstones; picture-frames of all sizes; false Jewelry, not specified
in the second part of this section; clocks, for wall or table, or watches of metal or of
false gold or silver.
SECOND PABT.
Art. 19. The following articles shall pay 70 per cent, on their appraisement:
Articles.
Besds, hogles, garnets, Ate., of glass or metal, including weight of packing, .poond. .
Vans:
Jyory , dosen..
Psper do....
Otber materials do....
Comforter* of knit wool, pare or mixed, witii or withoat ornaments for women sad
ohildren, with weight of packings (card board) poand..
Olive oil:
In bottles, gross weight cwt..
In any other packing gallon..
Appraise*
ment.
Datles.
00 50
00 85
24 00
2 00
12 00
18 80
1 40
840
200
140
000
80
420
50
TABIFFS OF THE 8EVEBAL COUNTBIES.
359
Articles.
Whale oil gallon..
LiiMeedoil do
Animal oils, for machinery do
Ifaphtha, petrolenm, gasoline, and kwrosene, gross weight owt..
Accordions:
Of more than ten keys, with hells or other accessories each..
The same, withoot hells do
Up to ten hevs, with bells or other accessories do —
Tno same, without accessories
Cotton ornaments for clothes, with weight of packing pound. .
'Woolen or mixed goods for clothes do...
Pure or mixed silk for clothes do . . .
Brsndy of oil classes and in whatever packing, up to 20^ Beaum6 bottle..
Btraignt or curved needles for sacks, &o M..
Cloak neeflles do
tSteel needles of all numbers and classes for dressmakers and tailors do —
Alembics (stillii) of all kinds, net weight pound..
Wire:
Bronze or copper, of all sizes, sross weight cwt. .
Iron, ordinary, for lattice work, gross weight do
Iron, finer, for sieves, cards, and oUter uses, gross weight do —
Iron, for flowers do....
Iron, steel, all sises do ...
Gilt or plated, in small boxes or reels, for cords and other uses, gi'oss weight,
pound
Cotton covered, for dressmakers or florists, gross weight pound..
Silk covered do
Priests* white gowns, worked or embroidered each..
Priests' white gowns, of muslin or cotton lawn, or linen, with or without ornaments,
each
Pins, gross weiaht pound.
Bmssels carpets, rough or felted, gross weight do...
Imitation Brussels carpets, stamped, gross weight ^ ■ do...
Imitation Bruseels carpets, ronsh or woven, gross weight do
Cotton prepared for lining of cmthes or other uses do....
Almonus:
With shell, gross weight '. do....
Without, gross weight do
Mortars of marble, stone, or glass, up to 15 inches diameter each..
The same, of larger diameter do
Pillows:
Feathers pound..
Hair or wool * do....
Ovrry-combs, iron dosen..
Alpacas:
Of wool, ox mixed with cotton, plain, worked, black or colored, ordinary up to
Sd inches wide yard . .
Same, medium uid fine do . . .
Of wool and silk, black or colored, up to 30 inches wide do
Canary seed, gross weight cwt..
Cruet stands :
Of German ailver, copper, bronse, or other, metals, plain, of from four to seven
cruets each..
Same, worked do....
Of wood or papier*mach6, of frt>m two to four cruets do
Same, from five to seven cruets do....
Bines:
Iff ctal or composition, with or without stones gross..
Of double. plaqu6, or other kind, medium flne do....
Of wood. Done, or gntta-perona, for napkins dosen..
Of metal or ivory, for napkins do
^pectscles:
Without mountings or springs, most ordinary kind do
Without mountings, witn or without springs, with handles of deer horn or buf-
frJo dozen..
The same, with bandies of tortoise-shell, pearl, or metal, gilt or plated, .do. . . .
Or little mirrors, with mountings of iron, white or yeUow metsl, deer or buffalo
horn, or steel, oftwo glasses, ordinary dozen..
Same, flne do....
Same, of four glasses, ordinary do....
Same, of four glasses, flne do
Ofwixeganae, for the road do
Or monocular lenses, with handles of buflUo horn do
Same, with handles of ivory, peari, tortoise-shell, gilt, or plated metal. . .do
Opera glasses:
Monocular, of pearl, tortoise^ell, ivory, or gilt or plated metal each. .
Doable, ordinary do
Bimble, flne do
PtoM and marine glasses, aUsises do....
Piah-hooksL all siaes, gross weight pound..
Candle extmcuishen:
Withspmgs dosen..
Without do....
Appraise-
ment.
Duties.
80
6^
00
42
40
2S
800
2 1»
1 60
1 OS
1 00
10
00
42
80
21
1 00
70
2 00
1 4»
000
4 20*
00
6$
8 00
2 ]»
40
2a
30
21
60
35-
20 00
14 OO
600
420
10 00
7 OO
16 00
10 60
40 00
28 0(V
00
42-
80
21
60
85
10 00
•
7 00
600
8 60
40
2&
80
21
16
lOi
20
14
20
14
10
or
20
1«
00
42
80
66.
8 00
2 10
200
1 40
200
1 4a
20
14
80
21
00
85
800
60a
800
2 10
000
420
1 00
?(►
2 00
140
00
42
3 00
2 10
00
42
200
1 40
40
28.
200
1 40
600
8 60
1 00
70
600
860
2 00
1 40
6 00
8 60
8 00
2 10
200
140
500
8 60
200
140
4 00
280
600
420
600
850
80
n
1 00
70
60
8&
360
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Articloa.
CbAodelien:
Metal, gross weight pound..
Glass or crystal ..do....
Areometers or alcoboloiiieters :
Of glass dosen..
Of metal do —
Stirrup leathers pair..
Eardrops:
Of metal, paste, class, rubber, or other materials, ordinary gross of puirs..
Same, medium fine do...
Of double or other metal medium do —
Packing cloth, ordinary, for bales up to 40 inches wide yard..
Kasor-straps:
Ofone or two faces dozen..
Up to four finoes do....
Hats:
Of oilcloth, for decanters or other uses, assorted sizes do ...
Same, stamped or printed do
Of wood, tin, card-board, or matting, painted, assorted sizes, for decanters or
bottles dozen..
Waiters or trays of papier-maGh6, wood, or other materials except metals and por-
celain, gross weight pound..
Safibxkn, £y or in oU, with weight of packing do....
Sugar:
Befined. gross weight cwt..
Other ouuses, infuior do....
Or Panola (crude sugar) do.,..
B.
Balances of one plate :
With spring and dial, weighing up to 50 pounds each..
Same, weighing more than 50 pounds do
Or platform scues, weighing to 500 pounds do
Same, weighing up to 1,000 pounds do
Same, weighing up to 2,000 pounds do
Same, weighing up to 3,000 pounds do
Same, weighing up to 5,000 pounds do
Common, of two plates, all sizes, gross weight pound..
Or steel-yards Mush..
Buckets:
Of painted wood dozen..
Oftinorzino do
Iron, of nil classes do....
Bandanas of cotton, gross weight pound..
Bathing tubs:
Of tin or zinc, painted or Tamished each..
Hipbaths do....
Whalebone, or imitation pound..
Vamisli, all kinds, gross weight do
Cnnes :
Wooden dozen..
Other materials do
With sword do ..
DrpBsing gowns :
Of any kind of cotton « each..
Wool, or mixed with silk Or cotton do
Whaterer kind of silk do....
Trunks :
Wood, not covered with leather or zinc (tin), all sizes do
Same, covered with leather or zinc do....
Or valises of leather, up to 24 inches long do
Sam^ larger do
Of other materials, up to 24 inches long do
Same, larger do....
Baize:
All colors, up to 70 inches wide yard..
Coarse (coatmg), all colori», to 70 inches wide 'do....
Wax ("Betun"), paste or liquid for shoes, gross weight pound..
8tr< et><loor keys, not of iron, brass, or copper gross..
Balls:
Marble, billiard pound..
(Marbles), of stone, wood, glass, or composition, snuedl, for children's games . . . M . .
Puim>s or piping of iron, zinc, or tin, for pipes or iMurreis each..
name, ofwood dozen..
Sam e. of glass, gross weigh t pound . .
Tassels, f rin^, cords, and braids of silk, pure or mixed, with weight of packing . . do . . . .
Same, of wool, pure or mixed, with weight of packing do
Same,of cotton, with weight of packing do....
Boota:
Formen, calf or patent leather pair..
Biding, of all classes do..
Appraise-
ment.
10 40
20
1 00
8 00
30
200
0 00
12 00
05
2 00
4 00
1 00
2 00
800
80
5 00
12 00
8 00
400
4 00
6 00
8 00
12 00
40 00
00 00
80 00
40
5 00
4 00
6 00
8 00
50
10 00
4 00
50
10
800
15 00
20 00
600
12 00
20 00
2 00
5 00
200
8 00
1 00
2 00
40
10
8 00
10 00
8 00
50
2 00
20
00
00
00
6
2
1
8
5
00
00
Duties.
$0 28
14
70
2 10
21
1 40
4 20
8 40
Oil
1 40
280
70
1 40
2 10
21
850
840
500
280
280
4 20
500
840
88 00
42 00
56 00
28
8 50
280
420
500
85
7 00
280
85
07
560
10 50
14 00
4 20
8 40
14 00
1 40
8 50
1 40
500
70
1 40
7
2
2
8
07
10
00
10
35
40
14
20
40
70
10
50
TABIFFS OF TNE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES.
361
Article*.
0«it«ra:
All kinds, withelactio, for men nair..
Same, without eluatio ao . . . .
Of silk, with or without eUstic, for women do —
Of cloth or leather, tot women do —
And shoes, low, sll kinds, for children, np to 17 centimeters inside do
Same, for misses, to 22 centimeters inside do
Same, for hoys, to 28 centimeters long inside do —
BotUes;
Karthen ware or pewter .'..... dosen . .
Olass or metal, oorered or not, fortrayeleiB do....
6 lass, ord inary , for wines or 1 iqnors do —
Demyohns, glsss, auslEes, covered or not do
Hotlons:
Porcelain, incladingweight of cards, v pound..
Glsss do —
Ilone do....
Pearl shell do
Metal do ..
8ilk do....
Wool do....
Cotton do....
Other materials do....
IMtchor tu", common, gross weight cwt..
Bmshes, all kinds, painthig. gross weight poand..
Brooches (hooks), assorted, for cloaks gross..
Brooches, hooks and eyes, all kinds, with weight of cards pound..
Crape (Baiato), of silk, np to 20 inches wide yard..
C.
Hair:
Human, not mannfiMStored pound..
Same, or imitation, manufactured with weight of packings do —
Bridles:
Of ordinary leather, single reins dozen..
Same, double reins do —
Seme, with bosses gr other ornaments of metal, single reins do —
Same, with double reins do
Cacao (cocoa), gross weight cwt..
Chains:
Bronae, gross weight pound..
Iron, gross weight cwt..
Chestii or coffers, iion, strong, all kinds, gross weight pound..
Socks:
Cotton, ordinary, for men dozen..
Ssme, medium and fine do....
Cotton, for children, to 5 inches foot do....
Cott<m, youths, to 8 inches in the foot do ...
Wool, for children, to 6 inches foot do....
Wool, boys, to 8 inches in the foot do....
Wool or linen, pure or mixed, ordinary, for men do...
Same, medium and fine do....
Silk, pure or mixed, for men do....
Same, for children, to 5 inches foot do....
Same, for youths, to 8 inches foot do....
Calico, cotton, gross weight pound..
8hoehoms,of deer horn, bone, or metal dosen..
Drawers:
Cloth or cotton, knit do....
Cloth or hslf wool, knit do
Linen, pure or mixed do....
Silk, pure or mixed do....
For youths, half the duties spedfled, according to the class.
Shirts;
Cotton, colored do
Linen do....
Cotton, white, with or without linen bosom do...
Same, of ordinary linen do....
Same, superior * do
Flannel or other woolen stuff do....
For youths, half the duties specified, according to the class.
Undershirts :
Cotton, knit do
Woolen, knit, pure or cotton mixed do
Flannel do
Silk, pure or mixed do....
For youths, half the duties specified, according to the class.
Bells, gross weight pound..
Candlesticks:
Of gUt or plated metal, or plaqn6, plain or worked, up to 8 inches high, ordinary,
for one light dosen..
Same, np to 12 inches high do....
Ssme, up to 18 inches hi|^ , do
Appraise-
ment
Duties.
$2 50
$1 75
160
1 06
250
175
160
1 12
40
28
80
56
00
68
300
2 10
800
420
80
21
8 00
2 10
20
14
30
21
15
101
40
28
1 00
76
8 00
420
200
140
1 00
70
1 50
1 05
200
146
10
07
2 00
1 40
50
86
40
28
10 00
7 00
15 00
10 50
7 00
400
10 00
706
15 00
10 50
18 00
12 60
7 00
406
40
28
18 00
11 20
10
07
1 80
70
1 50
1 06
80
21
50
35
40
28
80
56
120
84
250
175
000
4 20
800
2 16
500
8 56
80
21
1 00
76
400
286
000
4 20
800
560
20 00
14 00
500
3 50
10 00
7 00
8 00
566
12 00
846
25 00
17 56
10 00
700
3 00
2 10
450
8 16
700
400
20 00
14 06
40
26
500
866
10 00
706
20 00
14 S
362
TARIFFS OF THE 6£V£BAL COUNTRIES.
Artioie*.
Candlesticks:
Same, up to 8 inches for two lishta dosen . .
Same, up to ]2 inches for two Hgbts do ..
Seme, up to 1 8 Inches for two lights do —
Same materials, fine class, for one light, up to 8 inches high do —
Same, up to 12 inches h igh do —
Same, up to 18 inches high do
Samt*. up to 8 inches for two lights do
Same, up to 12 inches fof two lights do
Baroo, up to ISiuchcs for two lights do —
Sarao material for more than two lights. These will be appraised, addine one-
tbird of the preceding appraisement for each light more than two, accordiug
TO class.
Mote than ISiuchesbigh for one light pair..
More than 18 inches for two lights .* ao ..
More than 18 inches for three or five lights do....
With porcelain, crystal, stone, or metal oottoms, two lights do
Same,for three or five lights « do
Same, for more than tive lights do
Cinnamon ;
With weight of bag pound..
Ordinary, with weight of bag do
Spangles, embroidery, Ate, false, gilt or plated, with weight of packing do
Canvas of cotton or unen for embroidery, up to 86 inches wide yard..
Cloaks:
Cloth, with or without capes, with or without woolen or cotton lining each. .
Same, with silk lining do ..
Or ponchos, waterproof, with or without hoods or leggins, ordinary quality,
each
Same, superior ouality each..
Of anvsilk stun; for women do....
Cra,^ ons, olack or of colors, for painting gross..
Musks, wire, for fencers oosen..
Toitoise shell, in shell or leaf pound..
TaMe cloths:
Of damask or other silk square yard..
Of woolen stuff, shag or felt do....
Of any kind of cotton do
Cant board:
Oitlinary cwt..
Varnished, or parchment, for visiting oards, diplomas, Ae pound. .
Coats:
Cloth or casslmere, without embroidery, for military each..
Sa me, embroidered with gold or silver do
Cassimnre:
Of wool, pure or mixed with ootton, ordinary, up to 30 inches wide yard. .
Same, ordinary, up to 70 inches wide do
Same, medium fine, up to 30 inches wide do...
Same, medium fine, up to 70 inches wide do ...
Of wool, fine, up to 30 inches wide do
Of wool, fine, up to 70 inches wide do
Of wool, snperfl ne, up to 30 inches wide do
Of wool, superfine, up to 70 inches wide do
Cassinclte and mixtures :
Of wool and cotton, simple, up to 80 inches wide do
Same, up to 70 inches wide do
Covers of lead, for bottle corks M..
Chasubles:
Of any silk stuff, pore or mixed, without embroidery or Jewels, with ordinary
lace (galones) each..
Of lasung or brocade, without embroidery or Jewels, with false laoe do
Same, with embroMery, jewels fine or false, and fine laoe do
Bedsteads:
Bronze, gross weight pound..
Iron, with metal or bronse ornaments do
Iron, ordinary, gross weight cwt..
Bmshen :
Tooth, bone handle, ordinary doten..
Tooth, ivory or peari handles do
Sh<>e do
Clothes do...
Hair do...
Nail ^ do...
Shaving do...
Scrubbing do...
Currying do...
Planes, for carpenters pound.
White wax:
Pore or mixed, not manufactured, gross weight do...
In candles do...
In flowers, images, Sec, ffross weight do. . .
r, all classes, InanTkinaof package bottle.
Appraise-
ment.
Duties.
$12 00
$8 40
24 00
16 80
30 00
21 00
15 00
10 50
20 00
14 00
30 00
21 00
25 00
17 50
36 00
25 20
45 00
31 50
5 00
3 BO
7 00
4 00
10 00
7 00
3 00
2 10
7 00
4 00
10 00
7 00
50
35
30
21
50
35
05
031
15 00
10 50
30 00
21 00
4 00
280
6 00
420
10 00
7 00
80
66
6 00
420
1 20
M
1 00
70
50
85
20
U
4 00
280
20
14
10 00
7 00
40 00
28 00
40
28
90
68
70
40
1 50
1 05
1 30
01
200
1 82
1 60
106
41 00
2 10
30
21
60
42
200
1 40
10 00
700
15 00
10 50
40 00
28 00
40
28
15
101
16 00
11 2P
40
28
2 00
1 40
70
40
400
280
200
2 10
1 00
70
200
140
1 00
70
2 00
1 40
20
14
40
28
70
40
1 50
1 06
20
14
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL CODNTBIES.
86a
AtUoIm.
TMtS:
Cotton '.each..
Linen or woolen do...
Silk, any kind, pure or mixed do .
'TeneerinK, all kinds of wood, soperflcial foot aqoarefoot.
Jaeketa or aacke :
Linen or cotton, pure or mixed each..
Ofajpaoa.. ..,^ do...
CM her kinda of wool, pore or mixed do...
Of any etaiT, with <Nmaments, for women do...
Wbipe:
Ordinary dosen.
Pine do...
Coaohmen's do...
Cap nipplea for piatola or inins ..' groea.
Chocolate in paste, with weight of packing poond.
Cigar-caaee :
Rush (Panama), ordinaiy dozen.
Rnah,mediam do ..
Boab, fine do...
Leather do...
Materialt not mentioned do...
Mot her-of-pearl, tortoine shell, or metal do . . c
Cigarettes, with weight of packing pound.
Cigars, with weight of packing do...
Cinches:
Cotton, for saddles gross pair.
Woolorflsx do...
Belts, cotton, white or colored, gross weight pound.
Behs or ribbons of pure silk, wiUi weight of cardboard, paper, Ate, for pack-
ing
pound.
Same, mixed, with weight of cardboard, paper, Ate , for packing do.
Sword belts:
Of leather or patent leather, with metal gamitnrea, ordinary, for sabers. . dosen .
With gold emoroidery on silk, with gilt garnitures, for sabers and swords, .do. . .
Leathfr, for pistol or revolver do...
Leather or other materials for other uses do...
Cambtic yard ..
Of silk sieves 7 to 40 inches wide do...
Cloves, spices, gross weight pound .
Same, ground, groea weight do...
Naila:
Iron, sross weight cwt..
Iron, Horseshoe. gross weight do...
Or tacks, UD to 1 inch, gross weight do...
Or tacks of bronxe, copper, or iron, with copper heads pound.
Copper:
In bars or plates, gross weight ..do...
In nails, candlesticks, chandeliers, rings, chains, cow bells, and domestio uten-
sils, not elsewhere given, gross weight pound .
Skyrockets, and all artificial fires, gross weight .' do...
Coverlets and blankets :
Wool or cotton, up to 8 varas (M inches English) wide, ordinary each.
Same, medium fine do.
Same, fine do.
Same, more than 2 varas wide, common do.
Same, more than 2 varas wide, medium fine do.
Same, fine do.
Network, cotton, with weight of packing '. pound.
Network, wool, with weight of packing do...
NM work, ailk, vrith weight of packing ounce .
Nankin:
Of linen, pure or mixed, up to 30 inches in width yard.
Of cotton, groaa weight .pound.
Collars:
Lesther, for do|^ dosen.
Metal, for dogs do...
Necklaces:
Coral, with weight of packing pound.
01ass,compoaiuon,orotherordinary material, with weight of packing... do ..
Cumin aeed, groaa weight cwt.
Comnaases:
Iron, gross weight pound.
Copper or bronxe, gross weight do...
Mother-of-pearl, unmanuCsctnred. gross weight do...
Canned or preserved goods, meat, fish, vegetsbles, aoupa, asuces, picklea, asusage,
ham, pork, dives, capers, Ac, with packings of earthenware or wood, groas
weifldit pound.
imeLin other packings do...
Same,
Coral:
.do.
Unmanufactured, gross weight
Worked, polished, or cut, in beads, &o., necklaces, with weight of peeking. . do . ,
Appraise-
ment.
I>utiea.
$1 00
10 70
^
1 50
1 05
800
2 10
•
05
034
•
1 60
1 05
.
200
140
.
5 00
3 50
•
800
500
5 00
350
•
10 OU
7 00
.
12 00
8 40
.
2 00
1 40
•
50
3&
•
1 00
70
2 00
1 40
•
400
2 80
.
1 eo
1 12
*
150
lOfr
.
2 00
1 40
^
7 00
4 OO
•
7 00
490
800
2 10
•
500
860
•
40
28
800
500
•
400
280
•
10 00
700
,
00 00
42 00
,
700
4 00
,
1 00
70
,
10
07
,
50
35
.
10
or
•
80
21
400
280
,
5 00
8 50
•
800
500
•
40
28
•
15
101
•
40
28
•
80 00
21 00
50
8&
•
70
40
•
1 00
70
•
70
40
.
1 00
70
•
1 50
1 05
.
200
1 40
,
3 00
2 10
•
45
8H
•
10
07
•
80
21
•
2 00
1 40
•
400
280
10 00
7 00
00
40
•
800
500
•
20
14
•
40
28
10
07
i
•
10
07
15
101
400
280
» •
10 00
7 00
364
TARIFFS OF TBIE SKYEBAL COUNTRIES.
Arttolfls.
KeoklACM:
Pare aOk. wltli weight of paokiBg ponad..
liixei, with weight of peokinc do —
Wool, pure or mixed, with weu^ht of paddnx .....do —
Linen, pure or mixed, with weight of peeking do....
Cotton, pnre or mixed, with wcaght oi pecking do —
"Corke, all kinds, groea weight do —
Curds, hemporpite, groes weight do....
Corsets, all Kinds snoslBee dosen..
Glass catters, steel do...
Cutsof leather for shoee, with wei^t of packing do
Cats of ootton for clothes, embroidered or ornamented, with weight of cards and
paper dosen....
Cots of woolen, same, with weight of cards and paper do ...
Cats of silk, same, with weight of cards and paper do....
Linen:
Pare or cotton mixed, crnde or listed, ordinary, and mediam fine, up to 80
inches wide yard..
Same, np toMinchea wide do —
Same, fine and saperflne, up to SO inches wide do....
Same, flne and saperflne, op toMinches wide do...
Cr*pe:
Silk, aU colors do —
Cotton, black, narrow for mourning do ...
Crosses or medals of brass, tin, or composition, uptof inch long gvoas..
Same, npto 1^ inches long do
Same, larger do —
Knives and forks :
Ordinary, handles of wood, deer-horn, inmorbone dosen..
Fine, handles of ivory, pearl, orplaqiii6 do —
Canring do...
Wood, for salads do
Of Ivory do
Spoons:
Iron, tin, or pewter, common siie gross..
Iron, tea do
White metal or German silver, with weight of packing pound . .
Wood, small, forsaaoes gross..
Ivory, same do
Knives:
Table, ordinary and medium, handles of wood, whalebone, deer-horn, or
bone dosen..
Table, flne, ivory, pearl, or plaqa6 handles do
Dessert, half the foregoing a o ties according to the class
Pointed, cast-blade, ordiwy, bone, deer-horn, or whalebone handles, gross
weight pound..
For the woods, ordinary, without sheath dozen . .
Same, with leather sheath do ... .
Same, with metal sheath and tip do
Same, flne do
Metal, wood, or deer-horn, for cutting paper do
Same, of pearl, ivory, or bone do —
Collars :
Cotton or linen do
Same, embroidered, for women do ...
Strings, for guitar or violin, up to one yard long, in bundles of 80 strings, .bundle. .
HidcR :
Tanned, with hair, for caps and other uses, gross weight ...pound..
Tanned, sheepskins, white or colored, gross weight do
D.
DsgKnra, two edges:
Without sheath each..
With sheath do....
DemU^'kns dosMi..
DsniaHk, of wool and silk, or mixed with cotton, for fieimiture coverings or other
uses, up to 86 inches wide 3'ard..
Same, doable width v do —
Or brocatel of silk and cotton, gntNind or visible picture^, of silk, fnr curtains or
other uses, ap to 36 inches wide yard..
Or brocade, of sUk only, tor same uses as the following, to 86 inches wide, .do
Of sUk only, for clothes or other usee, up to 86 inches wide do
Or brocade, cloth, or tissue of eotboa, emoroidered or woven with thresd of fiUse
metal, to 36 inches wide yard . .
Same of silk, embroidered or woven with thread of flslse metal, to 36 inches
wide yard..
Same of sUk, embroidered or woven with thread of flne metal, to 86 inches
wide yard..
Of wool, or mixed with cotton, all colors, to 28 inches wide do
Seme, double do ..
White or genuine, linen or mixed with ootton, to 36 inches wide do —
^SKJj^D-t-*
$8 00
400
200
1 80
1 00
80
10
10 00
2 00
1 00
1 00
2 00
600
SO
25
1 00
50
80
15
86
70
1 50
1
4
6
2
6
3
2
6
4
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
12 00
50
00
.80
8 00
00
00
4
6
8 00
1
2
00
40
1 00
5 00
25
1 00
70
200
8 00
8 00
80
1 60
1 60
2 40
1 60
1 00
2 00
4 00
3^
70
40
$5 60
280
1
1
40
•5
70
21
07
00
40
70
70
1 40
420
35
70
85
21
?
1 05
70
2 80
4 20
1 40
420
2 10
140
8 50
280
840
85
1 40
21
2 10
280
4 20
560
70
1 68
70
860
17*
70
48
40
10
10
56
12
IS
68
12
1 40
280
241
40
28
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
36&
ArtiolM.
ThimblM:
BnM, tin, bone, oriron, fbrwomen groes.
8te«l, iTory, gilt, or pUted, for women do...
Iron, steel, or otner metals, fortsUon do...
Sanifers:
IronorbrMS, with orwitboat springs do...
8sme,witb«sh reoetrers do ..
Steel or wbite metal, with or without springs dozen.
Seme. wUhesh receiTer do...
Ifeteigilt, or plated, orof plaqn6, with or without springs do...
Same, withaah receivers , do...
DIamonda, mounted fbr cntting glass do . .
Drill:
Ordinary, for trimming clothes, op to M inches wide yard.
Of linen, or mixed with cotton or nemp, white or oolored, np to 80 inches wide,
ordinary yard.
Same, ooUon mixed, mediom do...
Same, line do...
Cotton, white or oolored, gross weight pound.
Lasting wool, or cotton nuxed, plam or worked, np to 86 inches wide yard.
•) B.
Cotton or linen, indndinff weight of card-board and papers inmnd.
Silk, wit h weigh t of caru andpaper do . . .
Oilcloth or mbber, printed, ordinary and medium fine, np to 72 inches wide. .yard.
Same, fine do...
Printed, ordinary and medium fine, np to 36 inches wide do...
Same, fine do...
Stringy wire-coyered, for guitar orTioUn gross.
Same, for piano do...
Socks, knit-, wool, or cotton mixed, with or without soles, for infimts dosen .
Brooms, with or without handles, straw do ..
Shot2nns,perco«8ion-lock8, ordinary and medium fine, one-barrel each .
Same, double-barreled . do...
Single-barreled, fine do...
Same, double-barreled do...
Single-barreled, breech loading, with or without accessories do...
Double-barreled, same do . . .
Steels, ordinary, for smokers dozen.
Ibiamel, in leaves, with weight of packing. ponpd.
Cut in figures for embroidery and other uses, with weight of packing do. . .
&nery, in powder, for silversmith do...
Sworos or sabers, ordinarj', with scabbards of leather or metal, without belts. each.
Same, with scabbard of leather or Oerman silver, with metal tips or orna-
ments, or small swords, fine blade each.
Ifirrors, all classes end sizes, with or without frames, gross weight pound.
Spermaceti, unmanufactured, gross weight do. . .
Same, in candles, gross weight do...
Smmges'of an kinds do...
nn, in domestic utensils, gross weight do...
Spurs, brass, steel, or iron, with or without straps, by pairs dozen.
SoMM pegs, gross weight cwt.
Stearme:
In cakes, grosa weight pound.
In candles, with weight of box do...
Hate, rush or straw, for floors, 36 inches wide yard.
Stirrups:
Iron ^ dosen pair.
White or yellow metal do...
Labels for bottles or other uses H.
P.
Sashes:
Cotton or texture, with weijg^t of packings pound.
"W ool, w ith weight of packings do . . .
Silk, pure or mixed, plain or dsmask-Uke, with or withoui fHnge dozen.
SUk, knit, twisted or netted, idmple, with or without tasseLs do. . .
^Sarne, doutfle or superior i do...
Feft:
Woolen, up to 18 inches wide yard.
Cotton, np to 86 inches wide do . . .
Silk, up to 30 inches wide do...
Filters, charcoal, for water dosen.
Flannel, thin woolen, to 80 inches wide . ysrd.
Flowers, artificial, mounted or unmonnted, with w^ght of packing pound.
Flolla. iron, for foncing dozen.
Matches, all kinds, gross wei|i;ht IMmnd.
Flannel, woolen or mixed, up to 30 inches wide yard.
Same, to 70 inches wide do...
Bits for brulles each.
Appraise-
ment.
16 40
80
60
900
18 00
8 00
6 06
600
12 00
1 00
16
16
20
80
80
80
8 00
8 00
80
60
15
25
00
00
80
00
60
00
00
2
4
2
2
5
6
12 00
20 00
80 00
200
240
400
20
200
00
80
20
40
00
20
00
00
4
6
2
16
20
40
00
00
00
1 60
200
6 00
Duties.
#0 28
35
6 80
12 60
2 10
4 20^
4 ?0
8 40
70
10*
1?
21
21
21
2
5
1
2
1
1
8
4
10
60
21
85
i?t
40
80
56
40
75
50
20
840
14 00
21
1
1
2
(0
40
68
80
14
40
280
21
14
21
2 80
14
2 80
280
28
2 80
4 20
140
1
1
4
05
40
20
18 00
12 00
80 00
21 00
60
42
80
21
1 00
70
400
20
14
16 00
7 00
12 00
840
10
07
26
171
50
86
1 00
70
366
TARIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTBIES.
Articles.
Fmits:
Cumed, fto., with weight of pAckings, gross weight pooDd.
Fresh do —
Dried, raisins, plums, &o., gross weight do...
Bellows, hand dozen..
Caps:
For gnns or pistols M..
Or cartridges, breech'loading C
Cigarptte-holders, of metal or any material dozen..
Covers for shotgun, leather do....
Same, for revolvers or pistols do —
Petticoats, in oats of cotton cloth, embroidered or worked, up to 8 yards long . . piece . .
Same, plainer with tucks do....
lucots of linen or mixed stofl; mnbzoidered or worked, up te 8 yards long . . do —
Same, plainer with tucks do...
Made of woolen stuir do....
Saddle-trees:
Wtiod each..
Iron do....
O.
Saddles, men's, ordinary, without trappings ^do —
Same, medium and flue do....
lien's, ordinary, with trappings : do —
Same, medium and fine do —
Women's, ordinary, without trappings do —
Same, m^um and flue do —
Same, ordmary, with trappings do —
Same, medium and line do —
Lace or thread, of false silver or gold, with weight of packing pound. .
Same, line do
Crackon:
Ordinary, gross weight do —
Fineorsweet *. do. ..
Gauze or percala of silk, plain or embroidered, to 80 inches wide yard. .
Same, of cotton, worked, up to 88 inches wide do...
Same, cotton, plain, ordinary, white, up to 40 inches wide do —
Same, medium and fine do —
Cotton, embroidered, up to 80 inches wide do . . .
Globes, glass, for lamps, gross weight cwt..
Gulp, or rubber erasers pound..
Gro, levantine, satin, tafiety,aad other mixed silk stuff, not specified, up to 80 inches
wide, simple quality yurd..
' &,o., samestuflh, double class do....
Same, pure silk, simple class, to 30 inches wide do. . ..
Same, double class, superior do....
Gloves:
Leather, ordinary dozen pairs..
1 «at Irer, ordinary, or gauntlets do....
Kid or other fine skin do....
Buckskin, stuffed with hair, for fencing or boxing do —
Silk knit do....
Woolen do —
Cotton do....
For children, half of the foregoing duties, according to class.
Guards, lists, dtc., cotton or linen, embroidered, with weight of cards and
papers pound..
H.
Hatchets, gross weight do —
Flour, of wheat, gross weight owt..
Buckles:
Iron, for straps gross..
Steel, or galvanized iron, copper, or other galvanized metal, for pantaloons,
vests, &o gross..
Horseshoes, gross weight cwt..
Iron work, for doors, windows, furniture, &c, gross weight do....
Hardware:
Ordinary, as hoes, machetes, sickles, shovels, pikes, picks, snvils, pruning-
hooks, large screws, ani other instruments for workmen and agrioiuturists,
not mentioned in this section, gross weight cwt. .
Fine, as fiutiog-irons. steels for sharpening, nippers, augers, burino, carpenters'
tool-chests, planes, chisels, compasses, coopers' knives, screw-drivers, squares,
raspA, puncncs, hatchets, kuives for planes, saws, hammers, files, gimlets,
tweezers, forceps, trowels, and other instruroents for artisans not mentioned
in this section, gross weigot pound..
Iron:
Forged in brass, plates, &c., gross weight cwt. .
lisnufsciured, in domestic implements, or for other uses, not specified in this
section, gross weight pound. .
Same, in Implements, tinned or lined with porcelain or ohain, gross weight, .do. . . .
Appraise-
ment.
$0 10
55
10
600
DutieA.
00
00
80
00
00
50
00
00
60
8 00
2
4
00
00
2
4
10^
20 00
15 00
80 00
800
16 00
20 00
25 00
4 00
12 00
05
10
50
10
10
15
20
12 00
80
40
70
70
1 40
50
00
8 00
10 00
800
2 50
100
600
20 00
2 60
80
1 00
16 00
16 00
7 00
20
8 00
16 00
20
$0 07
03ft
07
420
42
70
66
420
850
105
70
1 40
105
2 10
140
280
7 00
14 00
10 50
2100
560
1120
14 00
17 60
280
840
OH
07
85
07
07
101
14
840
66
28
49
49
96
1 75
280
2 10
7 00
2 10
1 75
TO
4 20
14
1 75
66
70
11 20
U 20
490
14
2 10
U20
14
TARIFFS OF THE 8EVEBAL COUNTBIES.
367
Articles.
Appraise
ment.
Thread, cotton, in dews, ImUs, or skeins, for sewins, embroidering^ and crocheting,
inolnding weisht of cardboard and iMtpiers poond..
Cotton on spools, to 100 vards gross..
Hemp, for sooes and saois, gross weight ponnd..
Same, fine, in ImIIs, or wound on caraboard, for tailors, incloding weight of
cards and i>aper poond..
Libcn, for sewing or embroidery, spools, to 100 yards gross..
Some, in skeins or balls, for embroidering, with weight of packings pound..
Silk, for sewing or embroidering, on spools, to 100 vards gross. .
Blades of swords or sabers, without sheaths or handles. . . .- dosen. .
Tin, sheet, manufaoturea, in domestic utensils or for other uses, gross
weight pound..
Holland, of linen, to 88 inches wide, ordinary yard..
Sama, medium and fine do
L
Chintx, cotton, gross weight pound..
**Irlanda " linen, pure or mixed, with cotton, to 80 inches wide, ordinary. . . jtad. .
Same, medium andflne do....
J.
8oap:
Ordinary, in balls or bars, gross weight pound..
In cakes, scented or not orainary and fine do
Headstalls lor halters, all kinds dosen..
Simps or sherbets, all classes bottle..
Sigging tackle, not intended for the use of the ports, gross weight pound. .
Jars and basins :
Ofdelf. (>Sm Delf, letter L.) Of glass. (Sm Glass, letter Y.) Iron, tin, or
pewter. (Sm Iron, manufacturei^ letter H. ) Sheet tin. {See Tin. letter H.)
Galvanised or of white or yellow metal. (8et Table service, letter Y.)
Friexe, coarse, imitation of that made in this country, wool or cotton, mixed, to 80
inches wide yard..
Syringes, ji^lass, any shape, large dozen..
Same, small do....
Metal, any shape, large do
Same,8mall do....
Robber, any shape or size, with tube do
Same without tube do
Insets, made of bone and wood set....
In sets, made of bone and ivory do....
I<ottery, game, in card- board boxes dozen..
Same, in wooden boxes do
Chequers (checkers, draughts), board of card do
Same, board of wood do.*...
Chess:
Pieces of wood, bone, papier maoh6, or any other material set...
Pieces of ivory, board to 8 inches do
Same, board larger than 8 inches do ...
Toys, all kinds, for children, gross weight pound..
L.
SeaUns-wax :
Colored, with weight of packings do
Ordinary, for sealing bottles, wuh wei^t of packings ...do
Bricks, clay or delf, glased or unglazed, gross weight cwt..
Lamps of all kinds, with neoessariea, gross weight pound..
Bonttng:
Pure, or cotton mixed, of all colors, to 86 inches wide yvd..
Mixed with silk .do....
Pencils:
Ordinary, encased in wood gross..
Same lino do
Stone, for drawing do
Slate for drawing M..
Pencil-cases :
Wood, bone, or gutta-percha '. gross..
Metal, ordixiary dozen..
Preoioos roetab. {S€€ Fine Jewelry.)
Brass. {See Copper, letter C.)
Let ters, receipts, or invoices, lithographed in blank, gross weight ponnd. .
Coats:
Of cloth, cassimere, or other woolen stuff each..
Ofanycotton or linen stuff do....
Books:
Ofcirarette-paper 1,000 leaves..
• Of gold or silver, false or gilding, with weight of paper ponnd. .
Same, flue quality do.,..
Same, memorandums, blank, gross weight do
Liqueurs, sweet, as Cominillo, Curafoa, Chartreuse, Anisette, bitters, &o. .bottle ..
$0 60
1 00
20
60
60
00
00
10 00
20
80
60
40
80
60
10
80
10 00
40
10
Duties.
#0 86
70
14
42
05
70
60
00
14
21
86
28
21
or
21
700
28
or
60
85
800
600
4 00
2 80
noo
10 60
7 00
490
900
6 80
800
2 10
00
42
2 00
1 40
3 00
2 10
600
B 60
800
2 10
600
3 50
200
140
800
2 10
600
8«0
40
28
80
60
20
14
60
85
40
28
20
14
80
21
80
66
90
68
80
66
1 20
84
2 60
1 76
1 00
70
20
14
10 00
700
260
176
10
07
240
168
800
660
20
14
70
41
368
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUKTRIES.
ArtidM.
OArtera:
811k, pore or mixed doMBiwtn,
Same, rnnall, for ohildren do..,
Of wooloroottoB do...
Same, small, for ohUdren do...
Toothpicks:
Ivory, pearl, or tortoUe-ahell gross.
Bone do..,
Qnill do...
LawD, oambrio, tarleton, J^o., plain and otdinarj, to 40 inohes wide yard.
Same, medium and fine do...
Samo, worked or embroidered in wearing, ordinary, to 40 inohes wide do. . ,
Lanterns, gross wei^t poond.
Canvas, Unen or coUoB, gross weight cwt.
I>eil':
Ordinary, gross weight do.
Medium fine do.
Fine, or imitation of poroelain, gross weight do.
Or porcelain > t do.
Hops,groes weights ..^ ,.do.
Lnstring of cotton, with threads of metal, ordinary, to 26 ioches wide yard
Same, with threads of fine gold or silver, to 26 inches wide do.
M.
If atches, gross weight » owt .
Calico, Jeans, germanie, irlanda, white briUiantine, damask, bogatana, imperial,
creas, royal, irlanda of eotton or other similar stnfb, gross weight pound. .
Sleeves, with or without embroidery, for women dosen pairs. .
l^enstalks :
Of wood, bone, tin, gutta-percha, or glass gross . .
Tortoise shell, pearl, ivory, or metal do
Handles, of delf, glass, or porcelain, for do<«s, trunks, Slo dosen. .
Same, copper or bronse, gross weight pound..
Cotton shirt-mg, crude or bleached, bed-ticking, linen pettieoata, creaa formattreases,
of cott«n and other similar a>nffii, gross WiSght pound..
Lard, gross weight do
Butter, gross weight i do....
Saddle-blankets, of cloth, linen, or felt dozen . .
Ivory:
Crude pound
In leaves do..
Kushlights for kitchen or stable, in boxija. dosen boxes
Marble, iwllkhed, in slabs cwt
Masks:
Wire dosen
Cardboard do..
Or half -masks of silk do..
Wicks:
Of paper or cotton, for smokora, gross weight do
For lamps do..
Medals. (See Crosses, letter C.)
Stockings :
Cotton, ordinary and medium dosen pair
Same, fine oo..
Linen do. .
Wool, ord inarj' or fl ne do . .
Silk, pure or mixed do..
For children, to 5 by 8 inchea in the fool (8ee Sooka, letter C.)
Merino :
Wool, or cotton mixed, ordinary, to 36 inches wide yard..
Same, medium and fine do
All wool, double quality, to 30 inchea wide do
Molasses, sirups, gross weight cwt. .
Moldings of wood, stuccoed, fiilt, or veneered, gross weight pound . .
&o.,of brass, for curtains, gioss'weight do....
Mills, coffbe, gross weight cwt..
Mustard, prepared or in powder, gross weight pound..
Furniture :
Upholstered with silk or hair doth, gross weight pound . .
Upholstered w i th wool or cotton do
without upholstering of staff, set up or in pieces, gross weight do
Ammunition :
Of lead, all classes, gross weight pound..
Pouches or fiasks, of leather, nom, or metal dosen. .
Muslin or cambric :
Of cotton, stamped, grosa weight poond..
Of wool or mixed, to 36 inchea wide yard..
N,
Playinar cards:
Ordinary paper, double grosa..
Fine, aingfe, linen do
Small, for childrsa, half of the foregoing xateavaecording to claaa.
Appndae-
ment.
$8 40
140
70
40
6 00
3 00
46
10
15
15
40
28 00
6 00
800
12 00
20 00
15 00
1 00
2 00
Duties.
7 00
30
800
1 20
4 00
8 00
40
20
05
10
800
4 00
500
40
1 00
6 00
1 00
400
80
20
1 60
2 50
4 00
8 00
900
25
40
90
2 00
10
1 00
16 00
15
50
80
25
10
8 00
50
20
400
800
$1 68
08
49
28
4
2
20
10
28
07
10
10
28
19 60
4 20
560
840
14 OO
10 50
70
1 40
4 00
21
10
84
80
10
28
14
5S*
07
60
2 80
3 50
28
70
4 20
70
2 80
56
14
1
1
2
2
11
05
75
80
10
6 30
17*
28
68
40
07
70
20
101
85
21
17i
07
60
85
14
280
560
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
369
Articles.
Bason:
Ordinary dozen..
Tine do
Same, in dreesing cases or boxes, with weight of case or box pound . .
Penknives or pocket-knives, of one or two blades, ordinary dozen . .
Same, meaiam fine do
Fine I. do
Ordinary, of moie than two blades, with or withont other appendages. . . do
Same, medium fine do
Fine do
Kuts, gross weight '. pound. .
Wafers for letters, with weight of packings pound. .
Ocher, gross welKot cwt..
Eyelets for clothing or shoes, with weight of packings ..., pound. .
Batiste, or linen lawn, pare or cotton-mixed, to 40 inch^ wide yard . .
Same, of cotton, 40 inches wide do
Tinsel, gold and silver pound..
Oysters and clams, in vessels of wood or earthenware, gross weight do —
Same, in other packings, gross weight do....
P.
Candlesticks :
Of tin dozen..
Of bra4s or bronze, gross weight pound . .
White metal dozt;n..
Corduroy. (See Velvet, letter T.)
Pantaloons :
Cloth orcassiroere .- pair..
Linen or cotton ao
Cloth, or cnssimere, of wool or cloth for ladies, to 52 inches wide yard . .
Wool or cotton, mixed, ordinary, to 52 inches wide do
Same, medium fine do
Woolen, fine do
Same, superfine do
Same, to 72 inches wide do
Summer, or grain of gold, to 30 inches wide
Beaver, for overcoats, to 52 inches wide do
Towels, linen or cotton mixed, to 45 inches long dozen . .
Same, to 54 inches long do
Same,of linen, grained or raised do
Same, cotton, to 45 inches long do
Same, cotton, to 54 inches long do....
Same, larger, will be appraised in proportion.
Shawls, cotton, plain or stamped, up to 6 quarters square dozen..
Same, larger do
Cotton, felted, to 6 quarters do
Same, larger . .*. do
Merino or swan-skin, ordinary quality, to six quarters square do
Same, larger do
lAnea or cot4;on mixed, different texture and of superior quality to those men-
tioned, to 6 quarters square dozen..
Same, larger do
Silk and hemp, or silk and cotton, to 6 quarters
Same, larger do
Silk crape, plain, damasked, or embroidered, with weight of paper ounce. .
Of any other stuff of pure silk not spedfled, with weight of paper do. . . .
Handkerchiefs :
Ofmnslin.orlawnof cotton, gross weight .pound..
Of cotton bandana, twilled m imitation of silk, or other similar stu^ gross
weight pound..
Of maoapolan orooquillo do
Linen, white or colored, ordinary, to 80 inches long dozen....
Same, fine -• do
Same, mixed, will be appraised at half the foregoing, according to class, of cam-
bric, or baptiste, of pure linen, plain or embroidered, with or without
lace .' dozen..
Same, mixed, half the duties of the foregoing class.
Silk, pure, to 40 inches, with weight of packings pound
Silk, mixed, to 40 inches, with wdght or packings do
P^per:
Letter, all kinds, gross weight pound..
Cotton, all kinds, gross weight do....
Linen, pure or mixed, gross weight do
Linen, for cigarettes, gross weight do
Colored, for posters, gross weight owt..
Of ohina,gr«MM weight pound..
Colored, for flowers, gross weight do
GUt or silver, grots weight do....
Thick osrd (marqnilla) do....
Straw, brown, filter, or manUa, gross weight owt..
Blotting, gi^MS weight do....\
1784 CONG — A P 24
Appraise-
ment.
Dntiea.
•
$1 25
10 874
3 00
2 10
4 00
280
1 00
70
1 50
105
2 00
140
1 50
105
8 00
2 10
5 00
8 50
10
07
50
35
4 00
2 80
50
85
40
28
10
07
2 00
1 40
10
07
15
lOJ
5 00
8 50
40
28
8 00
5 50
4 00
2 80
2 00
140
1 00
70
1 00
70
1 50
06
250
175
8 00
2 10
4 00
280
80
21
2 50
175
8 00
2 10
4 00
2 80
500
8 50
2 00
140
4 00
2 80
8 50
246
5 00
8 60
600
420
800
560
800
560
12 00
8 40
900
680
15 00
10 50
18 00
12 60
80 00
21 00
45
81i
60
85
50
86
50
85
40
28
200
1 40
809
2 10
600
420
600
420
8 00
2 10
15
104
10
07
15
104
20
14
7 00
490
10
07
10
07
50
86
20
14
2 00
14A
4^
\ 1^
370
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
ArticleB.
Paper :
Ruled for accounts, in'OBS weight ponnd..
61am or parchmcDt, gross weight cwt..
Small, smooth, perforated, worked, or stamped, white or colored, for notes, gross
weight ...' pound .
Ruled for music v do
For binding, colored, lustrous, and marbled, gross weight cwt..
Colored, without lustei; or gilt, for tapestry, gross weight do
Same, fine pound..
Same, with luster, gilt, silver, or with figures, felt, or velvet, gross weight . . do. . . .
Visiting cards C.
Faratlinc :
In cakes, gross weight pound..
I n candlcH, gioss weight do .' . . .
Umbrellas:
Cotton dozen . .
Or pura.sols of cotton do —
Of tufTt-tv nrsilk, pure ormixed, simple do....
S^roe, doubl*^ quality do
Or paraHoIs of any stuiT, of silk, simple, plain, and without ornaments do —
SaiiM*. ornamented do .
Flour patitc. in vcrmic« Hi. macaroni, maizena, &c., gross weight . pound..
J.ozonges, of sngar, and comfits of all kinds, except medicinal, gross weight, .do
Combs, womi, horn, or gutta-percha, coarse gross..
Same, of tortoise-shell or ivory do
\7igs. (See Hair, htter P, other list.)
Uair robes for saddles do —
Perfumery, ordinary, not specified in the third part of this section, gross
wei;;ht pound..
Same, fifae do
Parchment in sheets, common size dozen . .
3'rarls, fulfte, of wax, paste, or composition, polished, gross weight pound..
lilinds, Venetian and transparent, all kinds, gross weight do
Shiits, bosoms, cotton do
^Jats for floors (petates), to 3 varas long, small ordinary dozen..
Steels for COT sols do....
Pitch and fluoroKin, gi'uss weight pound..
Jiones for razors . - dozen . .
Flints, all sizcH, gross weight cwt. .
OrindstoneH, round, with or without cranks, for sharpening tools, gross
weight .pound . .
Pepper, black :
In prnin, gross weieht cwt..
Ground, gi oss wei;:ht pound . .
PruHbes, for painters, all sizes dozen..
I'aint:
In oil, gross weijrht cwt..
Powder not specified in the third part of this section, gross weight do . . .
Piqu6, or dimity, of cotton, with or without quilting, gross weightA iK>und..
Piqu6, or dimity, of silk. (See Gro.)
Pistols:
Pocket, singl£>-barreled do
Pocket, double-barreled do
Or revolvers of 5 to 6 shots, up to 9 inches long, including handle each. .
Same, of 5to7 shots, longer do
Horse, single-barreled p^r..
Horse, double-barreled ao
Holsters:
Leather, for saddles do....
For revolvers and pistols, belt dozen..
Pens:
Quill M..
Metal or steel gross..
Gold, points only dozen..
Gold, with stalks do....
Feather dusters, to 18 inches long, including the handle do ... .
Same, to 24 inches do
Same, larger do
Spatterdashes, leather or siupp, without soles pair..
Powder-flasks, of horn, metal, or leather dozen..
Poplins, cotton, with or without hemp woof to 80 inches wide yard. .
Wool, mixed with hemp, to 80 incmes wide do
Silk. (SeeGTo.)
Ponchos, wool each..
Porcelain. (See Belt letter L.)
Portmonnaies, of leather or gutta-percha dozen..
Pearl, tortoise shell, ivory, bone, or metal do
Presses, for copying letters each..
Tips for billiard cues, leather C..
Tulle:
Cotton, plain, to 86 inches wide yard . .
Same, fancy woven, to 86 inches wide i....do....
fbune^ embroidered, to 86 inches wide do ...
Auoe^o/siik, with weight of packing pound.. [
Appraise-
ment.
Duties.
$0 15
$0 104
8 VO
2 10
30
21
10
07
18 00
12 60
4 00
2 80
10
07
15
^ 10*
2 00
140
20
14
30
21
4 00
2 80
2 50
1 75
15 00
10 50
25 00
17 50
14 00
9 80
24 00
16 80
05
03|
20
14
600
4 20
1 20
84
8 00
5 60
30
21
50
35
3 60
2 52
1 00
70
30
21
40
28
80
56
2 00
1 40
10
07
6 00
420
9 00
6 30
05
0^
8 00
560
10
07
1 00
70
6 00
4 20
4 00
2 80
80
21
600
4 20
8 00
560
600
420
10 00
7 00
10 00
7 00
12 00
8 40
3 00
2 10
500
3 50
1 80
91
80
21
4 00
2 80
8 00
560
3 00
2 10
500
3 50
8 00
5 60
2 00
1 40
600
4 20
15
104
20
14
500
8 50
1 00
70
3 00
2 10
8 00
5 60
40
28
15
lOJ
20
14
30
21
800
5 60
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
371
Articles.
Appraise-;
ment. Duti^
Dageers* blade to 9 inches long, with or without leather scabbard dozen . .
Same, more than 9 inches do —
Same, to 9 inches, with scabbards of metal or ornamental leather do —
Same, large do ...
CofEs, cotton or linen, for men's shirts.... dozen pairs..
Q.
Cheese, gross weight pound..
I«ampa, all kinds, with their accessories, gross weight do —
IL
Rappee snuff do —
BeDozos:
Cotton dozen..
Silk. (Sm Shawls. leUer P.)
Heps, or colored cotton stuffs for furniture, to 70 inches wide yard . .
Itesin, ordinary, gross weieht cwt..
Springs, iron, for seats of furniture, gross weight pound . .
Hosavics:
Wood or nut-shell, ordinary gross..
Glass or porcelain beads do .
Other clasiies, sui>erior do
Bussia, linen, or cotton mixed, to 36 Inches wide yard..
8.
Sheets, cotton, to 8 varas long dozen..
Sago and tapioca, gross weight cwt..
Common, rock, or grain, gross weight do
Refined, ground, in pockets or eartnen yessels, groas weight do —
Sausages, gross weight, in wooden or earthen packages pound..
Salmon, gross weight, in wooden or earthem packages do —
Sauces, gross weighty in wooden or earthen packages do ... .
Same three articles in other packages, gross weight do ... .
Sandalina, of cotton, plain or twilled, gross weight do —
Sarapes, or ponchos, wool each..
Sardines, tin bozos, gross weight pound..
Serge:
Silk, simple, to 36 inches wide yard..
Samo quality, double to 36 inches wide do
Wool or cotton mixed, lastin, chine, and zanela, to 86 inches wide, ordinary do
Same stuffs, medium and fine do —
TaUow:
Id cakes or molded, not purified, gross weight cwt..
Purified, gross weight do
Silk:
Untwisted, all colors, with weight of papers do
Twisted, all colors, with weight of papers do....
Kapkins :
Cotton, grosa weight do —
Linen or mixed, to 20 inches long dozen..
Same, to 36 inches long do —
Saddles:
Ordinary, with or without acoeesoiieB each..
Medium fine do
Pine do ...
Kivelopea, for letters, gross weight pound..
8old<-r:
Of tin. {8es third section of this chapter.)
Of copper or bronze, gross weight do....
Imitation of straw or rush, without omamenta, to 22 inches drcmnference in the
Interior of the crown dozen..
Same, with ornaments do...
Same, of straw or any other stuff or material, without ornaments do. . .
Same, with ornaments..: do...
Straw or imitation, without ornaments, of more than 22 inchM circumference
in the interior of the crown doz4*n...
Same, of whatever material, ornamented do...
Of plush, of cotton, of Ticogne or beaTer, of more than 22 inches circumference in
the interior of the crown dozen..
High-erowned, cylindrical, lined with silk or -imitation . . do
Feit or wool, ordinary, of more than 22 inches drcumferenoe in the interior of the
crown dozen..
SMne, medium fine do
Same, fine do
Of plush, of cotton, ricogne, beaver, felt, wool, or high-crowned, cylindrical, to 22
inches circumfurence in the interior of the crown, half the foregoing duties,
according to the class.
Bush or Jihyapa (panama), ordinary dozen..
8ame,meaimn fine .,... do....
8ame^ fine and superfine '. do —
$12 00
16 00
24 00
32 00
2 00
10
40
7 00
15 00
70
6 00
15 00
2
3
4
40
00
00
15
800
12 00
1 50
8 00
10
10
10
15
40
5 00
15 09
50
1 00
20
80
7 00
10 00
8 00
5 00
80
8 00
4 00
600
20 00
80 00
26
20
$11 20
8 40
16 80
22 40
1 40
07
28
4 90
10 50
49
20
104
68
10
80
101
1
2
2
5 60
840
1
2
05
10
07
07
07
10*
28
8 50
101
85
70
14
21
4
7
90
00
2 10
8 50
21
2 10
280
420
14 00
21 00
17|
14
2 20
600
5 00
9 00
1 54
4 20
3 50
680
600
18 00
420
12 60
15 00
22 00
10 50
15 40
600
10 00
16 00
4 20
7 00
10 50
900
20 00
40 00
680
14 00
I 2&^
372
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Articles.
T.
Tobacco, chewing or oi|t for smoking pound..
Tea, gross weight do —
Waterproof, for cloaks square 3'ard..
Cruppers, for saddles or pack-saddles dozen..
Forss :
Of turned iron or pewter gross..
White or galvanized metal, with weight of packings pound. .
Velvet or shag, of wool or cotton mixed, to 80 inches wide yard..
Silk, pure or mixed, plain or worked, to 30 inches wide do —
Ck>tt on, ord inary, to 26 inches wide do
Same, fine do —
Shears, scissors of iron, cast, wroughti or steel, gross weight pound..
Ink:
Writing, gross weight do....
China, u paste do —
Indelible, for marking, gross weight do —
Corkscrews :
Iron, folding dozen..
Common, handles of wood, iron, bone, horn, or any other material do —
With springs do....
Suspenders :
Cotton or thread dozen pair..
Any fabric of wool do....
Silk do....
Towels. (See letter P.)
U.
Grapes:
Freah, gross weight pound..
Dried raisins do....
V.
Table service of white metal, plated or gUt, excepting fine silver of ^^ fine, with
weight of packings pound..
Candles:
Of common tsllow, gross weight do....
Purified tallow, with w^ght of boxes do —
Sperm, gross weight do....
Faraffine, gross weight do....
Wax, groes weight do....
Dresses, ready-made :
For children of two years and for infants, with weight of packing do. . . .
Of any cotton fabric, with or without ornaments, for women each . .
Of any woolen atuff, with or without ornaments, for women do....
Of any silk fabric, with or without ornaments do....
Same for misses up to twelve years, half the foregoing duties, according to class.
Of any cotton or Imen fabric, with or without ornaments, for children (boys) up
to eight years ooaen..
Same of woolen fabric, pure or mixed, ordinary do....
(Suits) of cloth, cassimere, or other woolen fabric, fine, for children, up to eight
years dozen..
Same for boys up to sixteen years, double the foregoing duties, according to the
dass.
Glasses:
HoUow, ordinary, in domestic utehsils, as cups, tumblers, demyohns, Ac^ gross
weight cwt..
Medium and fine do....
Flat, of all colors and sizes do —
Crystals for watches ^ dozen..
Vinegar, gross weight pound..
Wine:
Red, in any kind of jpacking bottle..
Generous, or white, in any kind of packing do —
Foaming and vermouth jdo.'.;.
MediciiuJ. (See third part of this section.)
Violinettes or harmonicas, flat or in clarinet form, gross weight pound..
Vizers,of leather, for caps, kepis, &o dozen..
Y.
Tinder:
For smokers pound..
Boxes of white or yellow metal dozen..
Anvils, of iron, gross weight cwt..
Z.
Shoes:
Low, calf or patent leather, for men pair..
Same, or of any other fabric, for women ao —
Same, silk, for women do —
Or slippers, of cotton or linen thread, without embroidery or ornaments, all
sizes pair..
Appraise-
ment.
$7 00
80
1 00
5 00
8 00
5
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
00
00
50
30
60
20
10
00
50
00
50
00
80
1 00
600
05
10
500
20 00
12 00
18 00
4 00
40
05
80
40
50
50
1 70
80
2 00
7 00
1 60
100
2 00
20
Duties.
f4 90
21
70
8 50
2 10
8 50
70
1 05
21
42
14
07
40
05
70
05
80
66
70
20
0 H
07
860
10
07
20
14
30
21
80
21
.70
49
000
4 20
15 00
10 50
80 00
21 00
80 00
56 00
7 00
4 00
10 00
7 00
14 00
8 40
12 60
2 80
28
031
21
28
85
85
70
56
140
4 90
1 05
70
1 40
14
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES.
373
ArtldM.
6ho«e:
Same, of woolen fkbrios, stamped or embroidered, all siaes pair..
Smdo, of leather, simple, and without aav ornament, for men and women, .do —
Smdo. saperiors, ornamented or lined with silk do —
Of mober, with or without soles, for men and women dosen pairs. .
Same, to 22 centimeters long in the interior, for children do —
Zino, in plates, gross weight owt..
Appraise-
ment
|0 70
40
1 00
800
5 00
400
Duties.
10 40
28
70
500
8 50
280
third part,
Drugs and Mrdicines.
Art. 20. The following drags and medicines shall pay 70 per cent, on their appraise-
ments:
Articles.
Oil: A.
Of sweet almonds pound..
Of benneseed (Sesamum orientale) do —
Cod-liver, white or black gallon..
Cod liver, in bottles, up to 16 ounces .dozen . .
Cod-liver, in bottles, upto9ounoes do —
White, or of poppy seeds gallon..
Of vanilla do....
Castor, in bottles dozen..
Castor, in cans or other vessels gallon.
Croton pound..
Nut, or filbert do —
Empyrenmatio do —
Oil, essential:
Wormwood do —
Bitter almond do —
LAvender do —
Anise do ..
Bergamot da —
Cinnamon, ordinary do . .
Cinnamon, of Ceylon do —
Citron do ..
Cloves do —
Carraway do
Chamomile ounoe. .
Lemon or orange flowers do . . .
Juniper pound.
Fennel do...
Jasmine do...
Lemon do...
Rose-geraninm ounce.
Mustard do —
Rosemary pound.
Rose ounce.
•*Bodio" do...
Sage pound.
Rue do...
Savine do...
Sandal citrine ounce.
Thyme - do...
Turpentine gallon.
Peppermint .pound.
Valerian do...
Acetate:
Ammonium do ..
Copper do...
Morphia ounce.
Potassium pound.
Lead « do . . .
Sodium do...
Zino do...
Acid:
Acetic do...
Benzoic do...
Boracic do...
Citric, crystallized or in powder do...
Hydrocyanic (medicinal) do...
Phosphoric do...
Pyrogallio or gallic do...
Prussio, medicinal do...
Tartaric do...
Aconite root do...
Poppy heads.. do...
Galia, Levant or Aleppo do..
Appraise,
ment.
Duties.
$0 80
$0 21
20
14
2 00
140
600
4 20
2 00
2 10
1 60
1 12
1 60
1 12
6 00
420
1 20
84
4 00
280
1 50
1 05
30
21
'600
4 20
12 00
8 40
2 50
1 75
8 00
2 10
500
3 50
2 00
140
80 00
21 00
2 00
140
2 00
1 40
2 00
140
2 00
1 40
2 00
140
2 00
140
2 00
1 40
3 00
2 10
2 00
1 40
1 60
1 12
2 00
140
2 00
1 40
5 00
3 50
2 00
1 40
2 00
1 40
200
1 40
2 00
140
1 60
1 12
2 00
140
1 20
84
3 00
2 10
20 00
14 00
40
28
80
21
5 00
3 50
1 00
70
25
m
1 00
70
1 00
70
20
14
5 60
892
70
49
40
28
4 00
280
70
49
12 00
8 40
400
2 80
40
28
70
49
.\ "K
\ ^"^
374
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Articles.
Agaric:
White pound.
Tinder do...
Water:
Mineral, in bottles dosen.
Celeste, of Ronssean, in peculiar flasks do...
Original, of Chabl6 in peooliar flasks do ..
Kabdor, in flasks do...
Orange-flower, double ; Barbadoes, Carmelite, the green, laurel, cherry. Florida,
See. (See second part of this section. )
Spirits turpentine, in tin cans or barrels gallon.
White lead:
Solid or powdered pound.
In oil. {See Paints, second part)
8al Tolatile:
Liquid do...
Concrete do...
Cainphor:
Murray's fluid, in flasks, up to 8 ounces, net dozen.
Purified or sublimed ...pound.
Copperas, or sulphate of iron, impure cwt.
Civet, or mallow seed, p<^rftmled with musk pound,
Catheters or sounds :
Of gum-elastic dozen.
White metal do...
Lavender flowers pound.
Bed lead. (See second part of this section. )
Litharge ..do...
Husk:
Tonquin do...
Canton do...
Aloes, socotrine or hepatic do...
Alum, or sulphate of aluminium cwt.
Hostetter's stomach bitters, in bottles or common flasks dozen .
Amber, common, yellow, white, citrine pound.
Ambergris ounce.
Ammonium :
Carbonate of pound.
Hypophosphite of do...
Hydrochlorate, or muriate, of do...
Aneelica do...
Anue J do...
Antdmony :
Crude or sulphide ..do ..
Metallic, or regulns of antimony do...
Muriate of do ..
Sulphide of do...
Tartrate of do...
Arsenic :
White,or arsenious acid do...
Yellow do...
Atropine. ounce.
Asid&tida pound.
Saffron. (See part second of this section.)
Sucarof milk 1 do...
Sulphur:
Crude, In stiolcs cwt. . .
Flowers, or sublimated, in powder do...
Prussian blue do...
Balsam: B.
Of copavia pound.
Mecca do...
Peru, black ! do...
Tolu or white do...
OfPelletier do ..
Of Pelquier do...
Baryto:
Muriate or nitrate of , do...
Carbonate or chlorate of do...
Berries of Juniper or laurel do...
Bdellium, gum resin do...
Belladonna, leaves do...
Benzoin, common, paste or almonds do...
Benzine, or spirits naphtha, purified gallon.
Same, in flasks up to 6 ounces .dozen.
Yermilion, China :
Fine pound.
Ordinary do...
Bicarbonate of sodium cwt.
Same, potassium pound.
Bismuth :
Metallic do...
Snbnitrate do...
ValeriaDHte ounce.
Appraise-
ment.
Duties
•
$0 40
$0 28
9 m
1 00
70
2 00
1 40
,
200
1 40
3 00
2 10
•
10 00
7 00
•
120
84
•
15
101
•
20
14
•
20
14
200
140
.
40
28
•
400
280
•
40
28
•
8 00
2 10
•
900
630
•
10
07
•
16
10|
.
15 00
10 50
400
2 80
50
35
,
400
2 80
,
8 00
560
70
49
•
12 00
840
20
14
600
420
15
lOi
,
50
85
•
10
07
26
171
a
30
21
1 00
70
2 00
140
•
100
70
20
14
,
60
42
*
3 00
2 10
•
30
21
•
50
85
6 00
420
,
10 00
700
70
40
50
85
200
1 40
1 20
84
100
70
50
85
50
85
50
35
120
•84
10
07
20
14
10
07
70
40
1 00
70
,
200
140
1 40
98
60
42
600
4 20
30
21
1 00
70
4 00
2 80
50
35
TAPIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
375
Articles.
Pistons, of bone or rubber, for syringes dozen..
Bole, Aroieoian, for gilding; poond . .
Borux. refined, or borate of sodium do —
Medicine chehts, bom(eopatbic, up tolOvials each
Same, to 20 vials do
Saoi e. up to 240 T ial A *. do . .
Trasses, all kinds and sizes dozen..
Bromine ounce..
Bromide of potassium pound
Bmcine ounce..
Bucbu, leaves ponnd..
Bulbs of colchicom do...
C.
Beans, St. Ignatius pound..
Cadmium, metallic and preparations do ..
Chloride of lime, dry, in barrels and other packages cwt. .
Calamine, impure oxide of sino pound..
Calamus, aromatic do ...
Calomel, sublimated do
Pill-boxes, wooden or paper gross. .
Cantharides:
Whole pound..
In puwder do....'
Cassia fistula do...
Capsules:
Of copaiba^ Mothea, in boxes of 16 capsules doxen boxes.
Of copaiba, in boxes of 72 capsules do. . .
Of castor oil and turpentine, in boxes of 40 capsules do...
Of mat ico, in bottles up to 72 capsules do . . .
Raqnins, in flasks of 4 ounces, or pearls, Clertans, in flasks of 30 capsules . . do. . .
Of classes not specified, In bottles or boxes. pound.
Carbonate of ammonium do...
Of lime, prepared .' do...
Of iron do...
Ol potassium, impure, or pearlash, for washing do...
Potassium do . .
Sotlium .* cwt.
Sodium, crystallized pound .
So<1ium, calcined do . .
Zinc do...
Cardamoms do...
Verdigris ...» do
Carmine :
In lack do ..
Of Florence, superlBjie ounce . .
Carrawayseed pound..
Bark:
Peruvian orcallsaya do —
Other classes, ordijoary do
Caatoreum ounce..
Japan earth pound
Hellebore, or white Juniper, pulverized do —
Squills do...
E r got of ryo do —
Cyanide of zinc, potassium and mercury do
Cionta leaves do
Cigarettes chamico), pulmonary, in boxes of 23 cigarettes dozen. .
Cinnabar. {See Vermilion, letter B.;
Cinchonine . ounce..
Citrate of magnesia, of lime, and Rogers's ma;:nesia, inordinary bottles, .doz. fiasks . .
Of magnesia, soluble pound. .
Of iron ammonium or potassium do
Of quinine, and of iron and quinine ounce..
Citrate of morphia do
Chlorate of potassium pound..
Chloroform do
CloHde :
Of calcium cwt..
Of ' * oxided " of sodium, in bottles dozen bottles . .
Of zinc pound . .
Of tin do
Of gold ounce..
Labarraque's solution in ordinary bottles dozen bottles..
Cobalt: •
Crystallized pound . .
Powdered do
Copper:
Ammoniacal do....
Arseniateof do
Codeine 5 -^^ •-
{ounce..
Appraise'
ment.
10 60
20
25
6 00
12 00
30 00
10 00
70
3 00
3 00
60
25
70
4 00
10 00
15
50
1 00
70
3 00
4 00
15
2
6
00
00
3 00
00
00
00
20
10
25
10
80
00
10
10
20
80
30
2 00
1 20
25
1 00
25
60
80
40
30
50
80
10
2 00
Duties.
10 42
14
i'*
4 20
8 40
21 00
7 00
49
2 10
2 10
42
171
49
2 80
7 00
lOi
35
70
49
2 10
2 80
lOi
1 40
4 20
2 10
630
3 50
2 80
14
07
17|
07
21
4 20
07
07
14
36
21
1 40
84
174
70
17*
42
21
28
21
35
56
07
1 40
1 00
70
5 00
3 SO
2 00
1 40
6 00
4 20
1 00
70
4 00
2 80
40
2M
1 00
70
10 00
7 f 0
4 00
2 80
1 00
70
70
40
15 00
10 .50
4 00
2 80
80
20
40
28
2 00
1 40
80
ro
12 00
8 40
400
2 80
376
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Articles.
Colobionin root ..pound.
Collodion do...
Colombo root do...
CicuUneorconicine ounce...
Coraline pound.
Uarkof simaruba do...
Baik of medicinal treea not specified do...
*Cream of tartar :
Lumps do...
Powaered do...
Soluble , do...
'Creosote, in any packings do...
Chalk, prepared do...
-Chrysanthemum, powdered do. . .
Ohromates of potassium, iron, lead, See. (800 Paints, second part of this section,
letter P.)
"Cubebs pound..
HJnbebine ounce..
Lily beads for fountains 1,009..
Hartshorn:
Rasped pound..
Calcined do. . . .
"C^en" flowers and leaves do
Datura stramonium, leaves.
Delphine
D.
..do...
.ounce.
Dextrine pound.
' ' Deptoxide " ef mercury do . . .
Digitalis, leaves do...
Diosma crenata (bochu) do...
Dittany of crete (maijoram) do...
Dulcamara, crude or cut do...
£.
Elaterium. (See Extract of elateriura.)
Elemi do...
£Iesine,in ordinary bottles dozen.
Elixir, Dr. " Guilles '* antiphlegmatic, in 8-ounce bottles do. . .
Same in 16-onnce bottles do. . .
Paul Gage's antiphlegmatic, in 8-ounce bottles do . . .
Dentifrice, in common bottles do ..
Of pepsino do...
Emetine pound.
Plasters, all kinds do. . .
Scammony, virgm, of Smyrna do...
Scammony, in crackers do ..
Ergotine ounce.
Essence, marvelous crowned, in 1-ounce vials dosen.
Essence, (fi^ee Eseential oils, letter A.)
Spatulas for pharmacists dozen.
Spirits :
Of nitre, sweet pound.
Of ammonium (sal) do ..
Of hartshorn -do. . -
Of mindereri do. . .
Of rosemary do...
Of nutmeg , do...
Of Jasmine do . . .
Of cochlearia do . .
Not specified do...
Storax do...
Ether:
Acetic do —
Nitric do
Hj'drochloric concentrated do
Sulphuric do
Extract of wormwood hyoscyamns, cicuta, colocynth, digitalis, dulcamara do
Extractor guaiac logwood do
Extract of lettuce do. . .
Of rosin of j alap do . . .
Of opium ounce..
Of liquorice pound..
Of liquorice refined in lozenges « do...
Of BOX vomica do
Of rhatary do...
Of valerian do
Of quina do . .
Of i-hnburb do..
Of quassia do
Not specified do
Strychnine ounce . .
Appraise-
ment
10 25
1 60
70
10 00
30
60
20
15
25
50
1 50
10
80
50
400
3 00
25
15
25
30
12 00
50
1 00
30
80
20
15
40
2 00
10 00
20 00
10 00
8 00
12 00
20 00
1 00
12 00
2
2
00
00
80
4
2
2
3
3 00
30
20
50
40
30
50
2 50
60
1 00
25
• 70
30
1 00
40
2 00
30
3 00
3 eo
1 00
40
50
00
00
00
00
600
3 00
2 00
4 00
Duties
t0 17i
1 12
49
7 00
21
42
14
174
85
1 05
07
56
21
8 40
85
70
21
56
14
10*
28
1 40
7 00
14 00
7 00
2 10
8 40
14 CO
70
8 40
40
40
56
1
1
2 10
21
14
35
28
21
35
1 25
42
70
m
49
21
70
28
1 40
21
2 10
2 10
70
28
25
2 80
1 40
1 40
2
2
2
1
10
40
10
40
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL. COUNTRIES.
377
Articlea.
P.
Farina pound.
Flowers of lavender do...
Of bensoln do...
Of mullein ond of zinc do...
Qt mallow do...
Of chamomile do...
Of elder do...
Of linden, European do...
Of violet do...
liediciual, not specified .do. . .
Phosphate of sodium do...
Phosphorus do...
O.
Oalangal root do...
Peas for fountains 1,000.
Oelai ine, in leaves or fibers pound .
Gentian root do...
Glyoerioe do...
Oum:
Mastic do...
Myrrb do...
Tragacanth and elemi do...
Ammoniac do...
Arabic, white, choice do ..
Arabic, ordinary do ..
Arabic, powdered do...
And lac assafoetida do...
Bdellium , do...
Juniper and fcnftiao do...
Scammony do...
Euphorbia and incense do . . .
Gafvano do...
Gamboge, in grain .do...
Gamboge, in powder do...
Labdanum and sagapennm do . . .
Myrrh, in grain do...
Myrrh, in powder do...
Medicinal, not specified do...
Grains of paradise do...
H.
Tonka hean < do...
Hercurv. concrete do...
Muriatfc of ammonium 7. do. . .
Iron:
Reduced by hydrogen do...
Powder do...
Arseniate do...
Lactate '. do...
Black oxide do...
Tartrate do...
Valerianate de-
liver:
Of sulphur do...
Of antimony do...
Thread:
Linen for surgeons do...
Cotton for surecons do . . .
Hypophosphite of soda, lime, ammonium, iron, potassium, or any other except
quinine pound.
Leaves of borage, bolladona, Spanish sage, and cicnta do...
Of stramonium and deladera do. . .
Of hyoscyamua . do...
Of sabine and senna do. . .
Medicinal, not specified do ..
Cuttle-fish bones do...
L
Iiyoction of brou, chable, andofmatico, in bottles dozen..
Ipecacuanha in powder pound..
Ipericon, in powder do
J.
8oap, medicinal or almond, or animal for spodeldock do
Jalap:
In root ..do...
In powder do
Appraise-
ment.
Duties.
10 15
p»m
10
07
660
8 92
1 00
70
20
14
15
lOJ
10
07
30
21
40
28
25
m
50
35
8 00
2 10
25
17i
8 00
2 10
80
56
70
49
50
35
8 00
2 10
50
35
40
28
50
35
50
35
25
17i
50
85
30
21
20
14
50
35
12 00
8 40
25
17*
1 00
70
60
42
70
40
1 f 0
112
60
42
dO
56
40
28
30
21
2 00
140
1 00
70
15
10*
2 00
140
50
35
60
42
4 00
280
10
07
80
56
5 00
8 50
25
17*
40
28
1 00
70
10
07
6 00
420
10
07
15
101
30
21
20
14
25
17*
30
21
8 00
5 60
2 00
1 40
25
17*
10
07
70
49
1 00
70
378
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Articles.
Jalapine oanoe.
Tellow anenio pound.
6«lAtine of larice, or others do...
Simps:
Pectoral, in bottles, up toooepoand dosen.
DepnratiTe« in bottles, up to one pound do...
K.
Kermes, mineral pound.
KoosAO:
Flores do ..
Powdered, in bottles do...
L.
Lake, carmine. (See Carmines.)
Lactate of iron do...
Laotacamm do...
Landannm do...
Hilk of Antefelcia of Candia, in vials doten.
Lycopodinm ponnd.
Liqaid:
Donovan's do...
Burnett's, in flasks dozen.
Labarraque*s do...
Linseed .. cwt.
Lichen, Icelandic pound.
Liquid amber do...
Litharge do...
Lobelia leaves do...
Lupuline do...
Mace do..,
Magnesia :
Carbonate or sobcarbonate .'. do. .
Calcined do...
Henry's, or its imitation, in 4^unce bottles dozen.
Liquid, in bottle, up to 10 ounces do...
Magnenia, in bottles, up to 24 ounces do...
Breast pomps:
Common glass do...
Glass ana rubber do...
Mechanical, or with spring do...
Manna :
Ordinal^ pound.
Selrcted or white do...
Maziganese:
Carbonate do...
Sulphate do...
Black oxide, in powder do...
Mannite do...
Butter:
Of antimony do...
Of cocoa do...
Of nutmeg do...
Blue mass do...
Davis's painkiller, in 2^>unce vials dozen
Mechoaoan pound.
Mercury, protiodide and dentiodide ounce.
Mesercon Dark pound .
Red lead do . . .
Myrrh. (See Gum myrrh.)
Morphine and its preparations not specified ounce.
Milan llies ^ . gross .
Muriate:
Of baj7ta pound.
Of ammonium do -.
Of quinine ounce.
Coraline pound.
N.
Narcotine ounce.
Animal or ivory black. (See Paints, second part of this section.)
Nitrate:
Of silver, crystallized I>ound.
Of silver, molded, lunar caustic ounce.
Of strontia ponnd.
Of bismuth do...
Of copper do...
Appraise-
ment.
$160
60
1 60
600
7 00
2 00
200
8 00
4 00
2 00
1 00
0 00
60
2 00
6 00
4 00
6 00
25
SO
15
1 00
3 00
1 50
20
60
5 00
8 00
7 00
7 00
7 00
10 00
90
1 00
6 00
6 00
10
2 00
1 00
70
2 00
2 00
2 40
10
50
20
10
Duties.
4
1
00
60
50
15
00
80
2 00
16 00
1 00
50
4 00
60
$1 12
42
1 72
4 20
4 90
1 40
1 40
2 10
2 80
1 40
70
6 ao
42
40
20
2 80
4 20
17*
35
104
70
2 10
1 05
14
42
3 50
2 10
4 00
4 90
490
7 00
21
70
4 20
420
07
1 40
70
49
1 40
1 40
1 68
07
35
II
07
2 80
1 12
35
104
70
21
1 40
11 20
"tO
35
280
42
TARIFFS OF THE 8EVEBAL COUNTRIES.
379
Articles.
IS'itre, 8wet>t spirits of pound.
liYatnieg do...
li'axToinioa do...
O.
Ochre, or yellow earth. (See Paints, second part of this section.)
Odontoid, for filling teeth, in5-ounce vials * ....dosen.
Opium, crude pound.
Powdered ...do...
Liquid, or laudanum do...
Opodeldock, in Bounce vials dozen.
Orchil pound.
Bugloss or aochnsa do...
Orleana, extract of dyeing ..do ..
Orpiment do ..
Liquorice root do...
Liquorice root, powdered do...
Oxalate of potash, or salts of sorrel do...
Oxide:
Ofhismuth ...do...
Of iron do...
Of sine and of mercury do...
Of red of led do...
P.
Campeaohy wood owt..
Panacea, Surain's, in bottles ^ dosen..
Panouinvagogo. purging, in bottlesof 8 tolOoonoes do —
Same, emetioin tins, of 4or Sounces , do....
Paper:
FUtering. (See second part of this section. )
For fountains (in boxes of lO-ounce papers) do. . . .
Tayard's chemical, in small rolls do
Plasters, porous do....
Paste:
Pectoral, in boxes to 4 ounces do
Ji^nbe pound..
Lozenges:
y ermifdge of santonine, boxes or bottles do....
IpeoacuMiha, gum, mallow, sulphur, toln, and vichi do....
Pauliinia, powdered, in boxes dozen..
St. Ignatius beans pound..
Pearls of ether, in cases of 30 pearls dozen..
Same, in cases of 80 pearls do
Pearls, Kemp's liquid for the&ce, in vials do ...
Pitch:
Burgundy pound..
Cssulian owt..
Nipples of cows teat for breast pumps dozen..
Nipples, rubber : do
Stone:
Alum cwt..
Infernal (lan*r caustic) ounce..
Blue(sulph, coppers) pound..
Botten do
Pumice cwt..
PIUs:
Brandreth's. in boxesof25piIls dozen..
Frank's, in boxes of 25 pills do ...
HoUoway's or Morrison^ in boxes up to 48 pills do....
Same, op to 12 dozen do
Same, up to 24 dozen do....'
y allot 's, up to 3 dozen pills «. do . . .
ysUet's, up to a dozen pills do
Blanchards, to SO pills do
Kemp's, to 30 pills do
Bristol's do....
Or boluses. Dr. Albert's, of turpentine, in ordinary boxes do
Of any substance not specified pound..
PIU machine, up to 24 grooves dozen..
Piperine ounce..
Pectoral, Anachnita, in vials dozen..
Plumbago, or black lead cwt..
Powders :
Mahogany or red ochre do..T.
Bed lead pound..
Antimonial do
Bice and violet do
Bice, unmixed do
Blue, or ultramarine do
Squills do
Appraise-
ment.
$0 80
80
60
800
8 00
800
1 00
600
25
25
25
60
20
80
60
1 60
10
1 00
10
4 00
18 00
12 00
400
2 00
2 00
1 00
8 00
50
2 00
1 00
8 00
1 06
500
10 00
5 00
10
8 00
1 00
60
400
100
10
10
8 00
1 00
8 20
2 40
7 00
12 00
4 80
10 00
4 00
2 00
1 00
7 00
4 00
25 00
70
5 00
6 00
4 00
10
60
80
25
70
40
Duties.
$0 21
56
42
2 80
11 20^
8 40*
2 8(V
1 40
1 40
70
2 40
85.
1 40
70-
420
70
8 50-
7 00
8 50
07
4 20
7(V
42
2 80>
70
07
07
4 20
70-
224
1 68
4 90
8 40
3 36
00
80
40
70
00
80
7
2
1
4
2
17 ftO
49
3 50
4 20
2 80
07
42
56
174
49
2&
380
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
ArtidM.
Sed precipiUte ponnd.
Lopez's, in bottles to 6 oimoes dosen.
For kfllinff insects poood.
Chable, mliieral, in packets if Uiey come in powder, and in bottles if in liqnid,
forbatbs dozen.
Rogers', in bottles do...
Violet pound.
Potash:
Impore .'. pound.
Caustio, porifled do ..
Presses for corks dozen.
Preparations for meronry not given ponnd.
Pmssiate of potash do...
Same of iron do...
limine and its preparation, not specified ounce.
bitter ponnd.
loassia do...
>idine, purified ounce.
B.
Racahout, Arabic, in ordinary bottles dozen.
Boot:
Aconite pound.
Colnmbo do...
Gentian, yellow do ..
Angelica do...
Dittany do ..
Valerian do...
Birthwort (aristolochia) do ..
Arnica do...
Pellitory do...
Peony do...
Soapwort do...
Turbl do...
China do...
Oontrayerva do...
Colchionm do...
Oalangal do...
Florence lily do...
Squill do...
Turmeric, whole do...
Turmeric, powdered do...
Jalap, whole .. do...
Jalap, powdered do...
Ipecacuanha do...
Liquorice do ..
Milkwort do...
Ginger, white do...
Ginger, gray do...
Rhubarb, whole r do...
Rhubarb, powdered do...
Rhatany do...
Serpentaria do...
Tormentil do...
Medicinal, not specified do. . .
Resin of Jalap ounce.
Consenre :
Antisy philitio, ' ' Rob-antisifllitio, " in bottles up to 2 pounds dozen .
Same in bottles to 1 pound ^ do...
Same in bottles to 8 ounces do...
Rocu, crude pound.
Rose, dried do...
Rhubarb. (Ses Root of rhubarb.)
S.
Salt:
Ofwormwood or tartar pound.
Of sorrel do...
Of ammoniacal do...
Of aconite, or aconiline ounce.
Of digitalis or digitotine do...
Of glauber cwt. ..
Of volatile, English pound.
Of mars do...
Salts:
Epsom cwt.
"Nitre pound.
Prunella or mineral crystal '. do...
Rochelle : do...
Appraise-
ment.
$1 00
300
80
1
5
00
00
50
30
70
00
60
70
70
1 00
60
40
1 00
7 00
70
70
70
50
50
50
20
60
60
60
60
60
60
00
25
25
25
30
15
25
70
00
60
20
00
40
30
60
00
00
00
30
30
20
28 00
12 00
3 00
80
20
30
60
15
25 00
15 00
10 00
20
10
4 00
25
40
30
Dutiec
$0 70
2 10
56
70
3 50
85
21
40
20
12
49
49
70
35
28
70
490
49
49
49
85
35
85
14
42
42
42
42
42
48
70
21
42
10*
17 50
10 50
7 00
14
97
880
17*
28
21
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
381
Articles.
Balatroa pound.
Salioine ounce.
Salep, Persian pound.
Sandalwood, red do...
l<eeches, officinal 1,000.
Dragon's blood I>ound.
Santonica do ..
Santonine ounce.
Saual^aii pound.
Selenite, for hair dye, in ordinary bottles dozen.
Senna:
Leaves pound.
Powdered do ..
Simambabark do...
Same, powdered do...
Seed:
Anise pound.
Caraway do...
Cardamom do...
Coriander do ..
Lin cwt.
Lin, powdered '. I>ound.
Medicinal, not spedfled do...
Soda:
Caustic, common, for soap pound.
Hydro sulphate ; dp
Purging^ (beidlitz, in boxes of 12 doses) dozen boxes.
Befreshms: (effervescing), in boxes of 12 doses do. . .
Purging, m ordinary bottles dozen bottles.
Sodium, metal ounce.
Corrosive sublimate I»ound.
Sounds. {See Sounds, letter A.)
Sherbets. (See Simple sirups, letter J.)
Spongiopiline *. pound.
Subcarbonate of magnesia, or white magnesia do...
Snbnitrate of bismuth do...
Sulphate:
Of copper pound.
Of aluminium cwt.
Of iron do...
Of magnesium do...
Of morphia ounce.
Of mercury .• pound.
Of potassium do...
Of quinine ounce.
Of sodium cwt.
Of zinc, white, vitriol pound.
Sulphide of iK>tassium do...
Suppositories, rubber dozen.
T.
Plaster:
Court, for wounds, in sheets up to 4 inches dozen.
Stiddng, ordinary vara.
Ontta>percha, for wounds do...
Tannin, or tonic acid — pound.
Talc, Venetian, powdered do...
Tartar emetic do...
Plaster doth, to 18 inches wide vara.
Piaster, cantharides, orabespeyer, caustic do...
Sienna, natural and calcined pound.
Hair dye, Cristodoros or Bachelors dozen.
Tincture, ethereal tonic, in bottles do...
Crowned essence, in bottles do...
Tonic, Kemp's oriental, for the hair, in bottles, ordinary * do...
Trichopherus, Barry's, common bottles do...
TunuMH pound.
Turpentine :
Purified pound.
Venice, liquid do...
Treacle, Venice do...
Tripoly do...
Ssr trumpets:
Bubber, for the deaf dozen.
Tin, for the deaf do...
Hetal, flue, for the deaf do....
Turpeth, mineral pound.
Tutty, prepared do...
IT.
Ultramarine :
Fine pound.
Inferior quality do...
Appraise-
ment.
Duties.
$0 30
$0 21
80
56
20
14
30
21
25 00
17 60
25
174
50
35
1 00
70
10
07
3 00
2 10
20
14
30
21
40
28
70
49
10
07
25
174
80
56
15
104
600
420
10
07
10
07
10
07
1 00
70
3 00
2 10
2 00
1 40
6 00
3 50
5 00
8 50
1 00
70
200
140
20
14
400
280
10
07
4 (K)
2 80
400
280
4 00
280
400
2 80
1 00
70
20
14
1 00
70
10 00
700
25
"I
25
1 00
70
50
35
25
174
1 00
70
400
280
10
07
1 00
70
20
14
60
42
25
174
6 00
420
80 00
21 00
80 00
21 00
2 00
140
2 00
1 40
80
21
20
14
50
85
I 00
70
25
174
6 00
4 20
400
280
20 00
14 00
200
1 40
20
14
*
6 00
420
•
70
i^
382
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Articles.
Un^neDt : *
Of cantharides ponnd..
Mercurial do
Holloway's, in small box dozen..
Holloway'a. common boxes do
Or sal re, HoUoway 's, in large boxes t do
Others, not specified poand..
V.
Valerianate :
Of iron pound..
Of quinine ounce..
Of zinc do ...
S«ton8, of metal or tape '. dozen..
ViTal rine onnce. .
V<nl i jrris, ponnd . .
Vermifuge, Vogler's, in vials to 2 ounces do«en..
Cupping glasses do
"Wine:
• Of colchicum, andurrian, in bottles dozen. .
Of sarsaparilla, Br. Albret'8,in bottles do
Of quinin«\in bottles to 20 ounces do
Medicinal, not denominated bottle..
Violet pound..
Vitriol :
White do....
Blue do
Y.
Herbs, medicinal, not specified do
Iodine and its preparations do
Iodides :
Of iron do
Of sulphnr do
Ofpotassinm do ...
Of mercni y , proto and dento ounce . .
Of lead pound..
Of platinum ounce..
Of gold do....
Of zinc pound..
01 silver ounce..
Z.
Sarsaparilla :
Bail's extract of. in bottles, up to 10 ounces dozen..
Townsend's, ita bottles of 10 ounces do...
Same, in bottles to 24 ounces. do...
Bristors, in ordinary bottles do...
Mnrray's, in ordinary bottles do...
Lanman's do...
Corbet's sirup, In bottles up to 24 ounces do...
Dr. Albret's, in bottles do...
Appraise-
ment.
$3 00
1 60
2 40
6 00
12 00
80
5
1
1
2
4
2
1
00
00
00
00
00
80
60
00
Duties.
12 00
12 00
20 00
50
40
25
10
80
80
5
5
5
00
00
00
50
4 00
6 00
6 00
00
00
5
2
600
500
10 00
8 00
12 00
8 00
600
12 00
$2 10
1 12
1 68
4 20
8 40
42
50
70
70
40
80
21
82
70
8 40
8 40
14 00
35
28
174
07
21
3 36
3 50
3 50
3 50
35
80
20
20
8 50
1 40
4 20
3 50
7 00
560
8 40
560
8 50
840
Art. 21. The appraisement by weight shoald be nnderstood as net weight in the
third part of this section ; and if this cannot be ascertained without danger of alter-
ing the snbstanceSi the net weight given in the original invoices shall serve as the
base.
Section 6. — Additional ariiolea io the foregoing aeoUons,
Art. 22. Articles of which the appraisement is doabtful on account of their size,
make, quality, or denomination, shall be appraiHf)d like articles similar to them.
Art. 23. Articles not herein specified, and which are similar to nothing given, shall
pay 70 percent, on their principal value, according to original invoices.
Art. 24. For the red action -of foreign moneys, weights and measures of merchan-
dise, shall be observed the following
Table of Relations:
WEIGHTS.
The quintal contains 100 pounds, or 4 arrobas ; the arroba 25 pounds ; the poand 16
ounces, and the onnce 576 grains.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 383
Pounds.
One hiimlred w«Mj;ht, Englishi equals 110.500
One pound, Eugliub, equals 0.985
Cue kilogram equals 2.173
LIQUID MEASURES.
The bottle coDtains 24 ounces of distilled water.
Bottles.
One liter equals 1.25
One gallon equal 5.00
One arroba or cantara, Spanish, equals 2Q. 16
Oneaznmbre equals 2.52
One caartillo 0.63
LONGITUDINAL MEASURES.
The vara contains 36 Spanish inches.
Ymtm.
One meter contains 41.94 inches, and equals 1. lf^5
One yard contains 38.88 inches, and equals 1.080
Ouc aua, French or Swiss, contains 50.40 incheS| and equals 1 . 400
MONEYS.
Pesos. Cents.
One pound (£) sterling equals 5 0
One dollar of the United States equals 1 0
One shilling, English, equals 0 25
One franc equals 0 20
Ono peseta, Spanish, equals 0 20
One real de vellon equals 0 5
One florin, German, equals 0 40
One florin, Austrian, et^uals 0 50
One reichsmarh equals 0 25
One lira, Italian, equals 0 20
One peso, Spanish, Peruvian, Mexican, or Chilian, equals 1 0
Art. 25. Import duties shall be paid in the manner and with credit as follows:
1st. The part of the import duties which goes toward the amortization of the bonds
of the public debt shall be paid without credit.
2d. Of the part which should be paid in cash, half shall be paid at the end of the
two months and the other half at the end of four, without interest, counting from the
date of the declaration of examination. If the cash part amounts to less than one
hundred dollars-it shall be paid without credit.
3d. For the cash portion referred to in the preceding article, the owner or consignees
of the merchandise shall sign notes or warrants to the order of the administrator of
the respective custom-house.
4th. The administrators may demand further satisfaction, whenever they think
proper, security, or a second signature from debtors for import duties.
Art. 26. The bonds of the public debt, demanded or accepted in payment of import
daties, in whole or in part, shall be admitted when the corresponding quantity
amounts to the integral value of the bond with its interest; fractions being cellected
in cash.
Art. 27. For the reduction of brandies to 20^ Beaum€, when its proportion of alcohol
may exceed this grade, the following table shall be observed:
One bottle of brandy of— Bottles.
20O equals 1.00
2lo equals 1.08
22° equals 1.14
23° equals 1.20
240 equals 1.24
250 equals 1.30
260 equals 1.36
270 equals 1.40
280 equals 1.44
290 equals 1.48
30O equals 1.52
31^ equals 1.56
320 equals V«^^
384 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
«
Bottles.
One bottle of braDtIv of—
330 equals ". 1.64
340 equals 1.67
350 equals 1.72
36° equals 1.77
370 equals 1.78
38<5 equals 1.81
390 equals 1.81
Section 7. — Commerce mih the republics of Central America.
Art. 28. The maunfactures and natural products of Central America sball be free
from all duties on tbeir introduction into tne republic.
Art. 29. Brandies are excepted paying the duty established in the second part of
section 5 of this chapter, and also articles prohibited or of illicit commerce.
Section 8. — Commerce toith the Mexican Republic.
Art. 30. Manufactures and natural products of the Mexican Republic, which may
be introduced by way of the terrestrial frontiers, shall pay for duties of importation
25 per cent, on the appraisement of similar articles fixed in sections 4 and 5 of this
chapter.
Art. 31. If there be no similar articles they shall pay 20 per cent, of the value of
said articles in the market.
Art. 32. I*^m this disposition of the preceding articles the following articles are
excepted and shall pay duties as follows :
For each bottle of brandy to 20° Beaum^ $0 35
For each calf, bull, or ox, lean 1 50
For each calf, bull, or ox, fat 4 00
For each horse 2 00
For each mule 2 50
For each young muld I 00
For each colt I 00
For each hog, lean 25
For each hog, fat 50
For cows, calves, and mares, free.
OE[A.I>TBR 3.
STORAGE CHARGES.
Art. 33. Articles prohibited and of illicit commerce shall remain subject to the dis-
positions of this code.
Art. 34. Merchandise introduced into the republic may remain in the custom-
houses for the term of six months, and the percentage on the principal value of the
merchandise established below, shall be collected as storage dues.
For the second month, one-fourth per cent. ; for the third month, one-half per cent. ;
for the fourth month, three-fourths percent. ; for the fifth month, 1 per cent. ; for the
sixth month, 1^ per cent.
Art. 35. The charges referred to in the preceding article shall be cumulative so
that for six months '^ per cent, shall be charged, and the month commenced shall be
considered as concluded.
EXPORT DUTIES.
Art. 36. Manufactures and natural products exported by sea or land shall pay as
sole duties 20 cents for each quintal, gross weight.
Art. 37. The following articles are excepted from the dispositions of the preceding
article:
1st. Baggage.
2d. Articles exported for the account of the nation.
3d. Fractions of weight not amounting to one quintal.
4th. Fruits.
5th. Horns.
Art. 38. Wood exported shall pay 1 cent for each 10 feet, board measure.
Art. 39. Manufactures or fruits of the country, whose exportation may be estab-
lished in the ten years following the publication of this code, shall be exempt from
the payment of export duties during the period indicated.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
385
, TEMPORARY DISPOSITIONS.
Art. 40. The 25 per cent, on the appraisement of additional duties, established by
the decree of Jane 16, 1879, shall continne to be collected entire, during one year,
counting from the date in which this code goes into operation. In the second year
two-thirds of this shall be collected, and during the third year one-third, which being
concluded the said additional duty shall be entirely extinguished.
Art. 41. The following articles are excepted from paying the 25 per cent, additional
duties :
1st. The articles comprehended in the third section of the second chapter.
2d. Empty sacks, ordinary, for exporting the fruits of the country.
3d. Manufactures and natural products of the republics of Central America and
those which, coming from the Mexican Republic, are introduced by way of the ter-
restrial frontiers.
APPENDIX.
(Trftnalfttod tnm decree No. 267, published in No. 877 of the offidAl periodical of Gkuitemala, under date
of January 16, 1882.]
ADDITIONAL ARTICLES TO THE FISCAL CODE.
Art. 1. The following articles shall pay 25 per cent, on their appraisement :
Artidee.
Iron wire, ordinary, for maldngnaiU or lattice work owt..
Wheat, groas weight do...
Duties.
$1 25
88
Art. 2. The following articles shall pay 70 per cent, on their appraisement :
Articles.
OH, oocoanut, cotton-seed, and similar oils gallon..
DemUohn, or large glass bottles, covered or not, gross weight owt..
Kails, iron, for shoeuig horses and all other uses, gross weight do —
liAOe:
Cotton, including weight of packing do —
Linen do....
Shotgun:
Singl^barreled, hreeoh-loading, with or without accessories each . .
Double-barreled, breech-loadiug, without box or accessories do —
Same, with box and accessories do —
Flowers, artificial, set up, with weight of cardboards and paper pound . .
Same, not set up, with weight of boards and papers do —
Gauze, cotton, gross weight do —
Suspenders :
(Cotton, embroidered, with weight of cardboard and paper do —
Linen, embroidered, with weight of cardboard and paper do —
Syringes, glass, with weight of packing do —
Axes, gross weight cwt..
LAwn, cambric, percale, tarletan, &c., oottou, plain, gross weight iK>und. .
Paper, colored, for binding, lustrous or marbieu, gross weight cwt. .
Visiting cards:
Blsnk 1,000..
Inscribed 100..
Slates, carboard or stone, with or without slate pencils, gross weight pound. .
Lamps, gross weight do
Cord:
Woolen, pnreormtxed, with wei^t of cards and papers do
Silk, puxeormlxed, with weight of cardboards and papers do
Table ware ;
Of gilt or plated metal, or false gold or silyer, net weight do
Of pewter, britannic metal, or oUier simflar, net weight do
DBUOS JlHD MKDICUfM.
Oil, cod'liTcr nllon..
Same, in bottles up to 8 ounces .dozen..
Same, in bottles up to 16 ounces do —
Cod-lirer, with cinchona and bitter orange, Ducout's or others, in bottles up to
10 ounces ^ dozen..
1784 CONG — A P 25
Appraise-
ment.
$0 50
1 00
6 00
1 50
8 00
10 00
10 00
20 00
2 00
SO
40
2
4
00
00
10
7 00
00
6 00
2
1
00
00
05
30
1 00
8 00
2 00
50
80
1 00
2 00
Duties.
$0 85
70
4 20
1 05
2 10
7 00
7 00
14 00
1 40
56
28
1
2
40
80
07
90
42
20
40
70
P*
21
70
2 10
1 40
35
56
70
140
\^\ \^
386
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Articles.
00, cod-liver, cmosoted, in bottles, ap to Soances dozen..
Pancreatic of cod liver, Defresne's or others, bottles, to 12 ounces do —
Narcotic, or tranquil balsam pound..
Oil, essential:
Of melissa do
Of cajepnt do
Of bitter orange do —
Of patchouli ounce..
Of ilang-iiang do....
Of co^ac, pure do
Of pineapple, strawberry, raspberry, and similar pound . .
Acid:
Carbolic or phenic do
Hydroflaoric do
Oxalic do
Salicylic do
Valerianic do
Bismuth, subnitrate do
Borax, refined, or borate of sodium do —
Bromide:
Of potassium do
Of sodium do —
Of camphor do —
Bougies. Reynal's medicinal dozen..
Carbouato of potifsinm, impure pearlash cwt..
Carbonate of sodium, crystallizea do
Cigarettes, Grimault's Indian, in boxes of 12 cigarettes dozen boxes..
Citrate of cafeino ounce..
Chloral hydrate pound..
Chloride of lime cwt . .
Codeine ounce. .
Isinglass , pound..
Cream of bismuth in vials, up to4-ounce dozen..
Diastase ounce..
EUxir:
Of cinchona, Larroche's, in bottles, up to 10-onnce dozen . .
Of cinchona, Larrocho's, in bottles, up to 20<ounce do
Boldo'8,in botUes. to 10-ounce do
Cocoa, in bottles, to 12-ounce do
Cinchona, royal, simple or ferruginous, bottles, to 10*ounoe do
Jaborandi, bottles, to 4-ounce do
Pla.Hters of thapsia, to 20 centimeters wide meter . .
Ergotine ounce..
Extract of buchu, Helmbold's, in vials, to 4^>unce dozen . .
Fruit purging, or Grillon's Indian tamarined, or Julien's, boxes, to 12 fhiits,
dozen boxes
Glycerine pound..
Japanese drops, bottles of |-ounc« dozen..
Goudron :
Guyot's, bottles, to 12^nnce do
Grimault*s, bottles, to 12^unce do
Confectionery, medicinal IK>und..
Granule*!!, PapiUard's, or others, in vials, up to 30 gnuinles dozen . .
Dialyzed iron, Browai's, Grimanlt's, in 2-ounce vials do
Dialyzcd, Wyeth's, in 4-ounc« vials do
Protoxalate of iron, Girard's, in |-ounoe vials do
Perchloride of iron pound..
Llera's solution of iron, in 8-ounce vi^ dozen..
Ipecacuanha^ in powder ». pound..
Jalap do....
Simp, reconstmcting, of lacto>phosphate of Ume, bypophosphites, or of iron, vials
up to 8-ounce dozen..
Lacto-phosphate of lime pound..
Hoffman's anodyne do
Liniment, Geneau's, in 10-ounce bottles dozen..
Malt extract, Fromuser's, or others, in 16-ounce bottles do
Nitrate of strontium pound..
Oxalate of cerium do ...
Pancreatine, Defresne's, in l*ounce vials dozen..
Lozenges :
Of santouine, vermifuge pound..
Of ipecacuanha, gum, mallow, sulphur, tola, i^t, and vlcby do
Ayer's cherry pectoral, 4-onnoe vials dozen..
Pepsiu :
Powdered *. pound..
Paste (pasta). do
Boudanlt's, l-ounce vials .dozen .
Nipples' rubber gross..
PiUs, Ayer's, Indian, Jayne's, Badway's, Moffat's, in vials or boxes, to 86 pills, dozen. .
Powders:
Belloe's carbon, 4^>unoe vials dozen..
Tarrant's Seltzer Aperient, in vials, to 4^raiioe do
Appraise-
1 ment
1
1
1 Duties.
1
$5 00
$3 50
6 00
4 20
30
21
5 00
3 50
2 50
1 75
5 00
3 50
1 00
70
10 00
7 00
1 00
70
2 50
1 75
40
28
1 00
1 70
15
10*
2 50
1 75
6 00
4 20
2 00
1 40
15
104
50
35
1 50
1 05
5 00
3 50
60
42
3 00
2 10
3 00
2 10
25
171
800
2 10
1 60
1 05
3 00
2 10
4 00
2 86
50
35
600
420
400
2 60
5 00
3 50
9 0»
6 30
6 00
4 30
4 00
2 80
4 00
2 80
5 00
3 50
30
21
80
36
8 00
5 60
4 00
2 80
20
14
3 00
2 10
3 00
2 10
2 00
1 40
400
2 80
1 50
1 05
6 00
3 50
500
3 50
4 00
280
50
35
3 00
2 10
1 00
70
40
28
4 00
280
200
1 40
40
28
10 00
7 00
800
560
20
14
4 00
2 80
6 00
4 20
70
• 40
30
21
8 00
5 60
8 00
6 60
10 00
7 00
10 00
7 00
3 00
2 10
2 00
1 40
800
2 10
7 00
4 90
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES,
387
Articles.
Pomade, Galopean, vials, or gallipots of i oance dozen..
Prnssiate of potassioin pound..
Quila^'a bark, Panama do
Roots :
Aconite, Colnmbo, yellow, gentian, angelica, and valerian do
Arnii-a, pellitary, peony, saponaria, turbe, and china do
Rhubuib, entirte do
Rhubarb, powdered do....
A yer's remedy, fever killer, in 4-ounce vials dozen..
Hall's Sicilian hair renovator, in 8-ounce vials do...
Salicyl.iU^ of sodium, or other substances, except qojnia pound. .
Soila, caustic, ordinary cwt. .
Sozodont. Van Buskirk's, in 2-oance vials dozen.
Sulphide of carbon pound..
Anil iu«^ dyes do
U 1 ! t amanue, fine, and ordinary do
V.ileriuuate of ummouium oance..
Vaseline, or pcti-oleum jelly, bottles, to 2-ounoe dozen . .
Same, in tins, to 2-ounce ponnd..
Av<rs Ir.iir vi;j;or, iu 4-ouuce vials dozen..
Wine ot cinchona (quiuia), bottles, to JO^nnce , do
8aui(% bottles, to20-ounco do...
Iodide of sulphur, iron, and potassium pound..
Appraise-
ment.
Dntios.
^1 50
$1 05
30
21
15
10*
15
10^
30
21
70
49
80
50
8 00
5 60
6 00
4 20
3 00
2 ID
4 00
2 80
6 00
4 20
20
14
2 00
1 40
20
14
1 00
70
2 00
140
40
28
7 00
4 90
4 00
2 80
6 00
4 20
3 00
2 10
Art. 3. The appraisement expressed in the preceding article shall also serve as a
basis for the appraisem^ut of the articles which in the second and third parts of sec-
tion f), chapter 2 (Title 1, Book I), of the fiscal code, are referred to the merchandse
expressed iu that article.
Art. 4. The articles specified in articles 1 and 2 shall also pay the 25 per cent, on
the appraisement, additional duties, in the terms expressed in article 40 of the fiscal
code.
Note. — The 25 per cent, additional duties meDtioned in the above
article and in article 40 of the fiscal code is reckoned on the appraise-
ment and not on the duties; so that the duties on an article given in
the tariff at 70 per cent, are in reality 70+25=95 per cent, of the valua-
tion.
In addition to this, a tax of $1 per cwt. is levied on all merchandise
entering the custom-house in Guatemala City for the benefit of the mu-
nicipality.
FKANK H. TITUS,
ConsuL
Unitsd States Consulate,
Ouatemala.
HONDURAS.
HONDURAS IMPORT DUTIES.
BEPORT BY CONSUL BVRCHJMD, OF BXTATAN AND TRTTXILLO.
The tariff of Honduras divides merchandise into ten classes, and im-
poses a duty on the gross weight of each bale, barrel, package, &c., at
a fixed rate per pound, which rq^te ranges from 3 cents to $1.50.
The following table contains all of the principal articles of merchan-
dise imported from the United States, divided into their respective classes,
with the duty corresponding to each.
First class J free. — ^Agricultural and mining machinery, steam-engines,
saw-mills, lumber, shingles, iron and wood buildings, brick, lime, ce-
ment, coal, slate, zinc, and other materials for roofing; clocks for obiWi^VL*^
388 TARIFFS OP THE SEVEBAL COUNTKIES.
and towers, materials for railroad cars, pumps, printing-presses, type,
paper, and other materials for printing: boats and lighters with their
oars and sails, iron and lead pipes, wire for fences, live animals, barrels,
pipes, and hogsheads, hoops and staves, gnnuy.bags, gold and silver
bullion and coin, books, seeds and plants, fertilizers, rice, beans, flour,
meal, corn, potatoes, and other vegetables; ice, personal baggage, and
household effects of passengers and immigrants; articles introduced
for the use of foreign ministers, for the President and members of his
<5abinet, and on account of the Government.
Second class, duty 3 cents per pound, — Hard bread and crackers ; coffee,
sugar, starch, molasses, honey, com starch; beef, dried, smoked, or
salted; x>ork, bacon; stoves, pots, and all cooking utensils made of iron;
axes, spades, shovels, picks, crowbars, chains, anchors; iron safes; let-
ter-presses; nails, tacks; iron, steel, brass, copper, tin, and zinc, in bars,
rods, or sheets; tar: mineral waters, ginger ale; kerosene and all
other oils for fluids or light; common soap ; crockery; blank books, pens,
pencils, ink; cofiee and com mills; grindstones; paints; epsom and
glauber salts ; tallow; sole leather; glassware; vinegar.
Third class, 8 cents per pound. — All articles made of iron, steel, tin,
brass, or zinc, not specified in other classes; linseed, cod-liver, and
almond oils; nuts and dried fruits; spices; lamps, lanterns, chandeliers,
chimneys, globes, candlesticks, &c., not plated or gilded: billiard tables,
pianos, organs, chairs, sofas, tables, and furniture of all kinds made of
wood; paper, either for writing or wrapping; fish, salted, smoked, or
dried; wines of all kinds; sperm candles; carpets made of cotton or
mixed with wool; mattresses; mirrors; matches; preserved fruits and
jellies; tools for carpenters, blacksmiths, and other trades; hams; china
and porcelain wares ; sails for vessels, rope, and cordage.
Fourth class, duty 16 cents per pound. — ^Brandy, rum, gin, and other
spirits: perfumed soaps and oils; perfumed waters for the toilet; sheet-
ings, shirtings, brown and colored drills, duck and all other cotton fab-
rics, except prints, lawns, muslins, and other dress goods; cotton and
linen thr(»)d ; rubber and gutta-percha goods ; surgical, mathematical,
and musical instruments; toys, baby carriages, baskets, trunks, valises>
carpet-bags, needles, pins, fish-hooks, buckles ; thimbles, except gold
or silver; knives with wood handles; brooms, wooden buckets.
Fifth class, duty 24 cents per pound. — Beady-made clothing; socks,
caps, gloves, and all other knit goods made of cotton ; buttons of all
kinds, except silk, pearl, gold, and silver ; penknives, razors, scissors,
knives and forks, sheath knives; linen and mixed drills, tablecloths,
towels, napkins; artificial fireworks; canes, whips; umbrellas, parasols
of cotton or wool; tanned skins, leather ; tea; brushes; photographic
instruments and materials.
Sixth class, duty 28 cents per pound. — Drugs, medicines, and chemical
preparations; all plated and gilded goods; ready-made ladies' clothing
and underwear of cotton ; cotton handkerchiefs ; essences and extracts ;
tape, lace, edging, Hamburg, &c., of cotton ; wool blankets ; clocks ;
linen shirtings; prints, calicoes, ginghams, and other similar cotton
fabrics; nautical instruments.
Seventh class, duty 36 cents per pound. — Woolen or mixed fabrics, such
as table covers, stockings, gloves, caps, half hose, &c.; cotton shirts,
lawns, piqu6, percales, cambrics, linen hosiery.
Eighth class, duty 50 cents per pound. — ^Fans, except with ivory han-
dles; spectacles, opera glasses, telescopes; boots and shoes of all kinds ;
linen shirts; clothing made of wool or linen ; knives and forks, plat«d or
gilded; corsets, suspenders, elastics; violin and guitar strings; swords,
TAEIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 389
daggers, pistols, revolvers, fowling pieces, cartridges ; caps, felt and
straw hats for men or women; ambrellas, parasols, of pare silk or
mixed; broadcloth, cassimere, merino; mnslin ; flannel, and all fabrics
of pure wool or mixed with cotton, not specified in the other classes ;
saddles.
Ninth cUiss^ duty 80 cents per pound. — Clerical and church ornaments;
cigarettes ; artificial flowers ; laces, ribbons, cords, stockings, gloves, &c.,
made of pure linen or mixed; linen dress goods; woolen shawls and
shirts; fur, silk, and Panama hats ; neckties of cotton, linen, or wool;
curtains and mosquito bars of cotton or linen.
Tenth classj duty $1.50 per pound. — Fans with ivory handles ; orna-
ments and net work for the head; billiard balls; human hair and its
imitations; kid gloves; jewelry and watches of all kinds; silk goods,
goods made of silk mixed with cotton or linen, not specified in other
classes.
The following articles are prohibited, unless introduced for the use of
the Government, viz : Gunpowder, except for mining purposes; muskets,
rifles, cannons, and other munitions of war; cigars and tobacco.
The duties are collected on the gross weight of all packages of mer-
chandise. No tare is allowed for boxes, barrels, crates, &c. It some-
times happens that the duty on a box amounts to more than that of its
contents. Mr. William Melhado, the British consul for Truxillo and the
Bay Islands, recently called my attention to a pile of empty boxes, bar-
rels, and crates in his back yard, upon which he assured me that over
$3,000 had been paid to the custom-house for duties.
To the total amount of duties by weight, according to the preceding
tariff, the following extras are added, viz :
First. For public roads, 2 per cent.
Second. For the university fund, 2 per cent.
Third. For the hospital fund, 2 per cent.
Fourth. For the funded debt, 10 per cent.
Finally, the importer has to pay 50 cents per 100 pounds on the gross
weight 01 his merchandise for storage, whether he uses the Govern-
ment's warehouse or not.
TonncLge dues a/nd port charges, — Vessels of 100 tons or less pay 60
cents per ton ; vessels of 100 to 150 tons pay 37^ cents per ton; vessels
of 150 tons and over, pay 25 cents per ton. For light-house and buoys,
12 cents per ton extra.
Steamships engaged in the fruit trade are exempt from the payment
of tonnage and light-house dues. The permit to discharge and receive
cargo costs $2; anchorage, $1; clearance, $1.
WM. C. BXJEOHAED,
Consul.
United States Consxtlate at Bxjatan akb Tbuxillo,
December 1, 1882.
390
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBBES.
VENEZUKIiA.
THE HEW IMPORT TARIFF OF VENEZUELA.
TRANSMITTED BT CONSUL PLUMACHER, OF MARACAIBO.
In connection with the translatioii of tbe new Venezuelan imiK)rt
tariff, herewith transmitted, which went into effect Jnly 1 last, I desire
to state that, although much labor and careful investigation have been
bestowed on rendering it into English, the result can hardly be regarded
as entirely satisfactory. In this country, where the Spanish language is,
perhaps, more perverted than in any other of the South American Re-
publics, and where an abundance of local expressions are current it is
always difficult,.and sometimes impossible, to give the exact equivalents
in English. Still the translation is as correct as could possibly be made,
and will give an accurate general idea of the duties, which in some cases
might be almost regarded as prohibitory.
Under all circumstances it would be highly advisable for our exporters
to have their invoices carefully examined by the Venezuelan consuls
before shipping their goods, for, owing to the extremely complicated
nature of the tariff, errors might easily be committed, for which no ex-
planations would be received, and which would be considered sufficient
cause for confiscation.
E. H. PLUMACHER,
Consul,
United States Consulate,
MaracaibOy September 19, 1881,
IMPORTATION TARIFF OF THE REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA, TAKING
EFFECT JULY 1, 1881.
[TraDsIated by Eagene H. Plumacher, United States oonBal, MaTAcaibo.]
Accordiug to Ibo existing VeDezuelan tariff all imported articles are divided into
nine classes, viz:
Per kilogram.
First class Free.
Second class $0 02
Third class 05
Fdiirth class 15
Fifth class 25
Sixth class : 50
Seventh class 1 00
Eij;hth class 2 00
Niiith class 4 00
Tht; articles free of importation and also those whose importation is wholly pro-
hibited will be found at the conclusion of the accompanying translation of the tariff.
It will be remembered that in all cases the duties mentioned refer to so much per
Isilogram, irrespective of value, as there are no ad valorem rates established.
The; duties given in the translation are reduced to United S
letters «. o.a. mean ** not otherwise specified,**
States money, and the
The goods imported are appraised according to their gross weight.
Articles.
Acid:
Stearic
Oleic
A cetlc
^luriatio .
Nitric
^>ulphuric
^'artario, in i»owder
8
3
3
8
3
2
5
Datyi>er
kilogram.
$0 05
05
05
05
05
02
25
TARIFFS OF THE 8EVEBAL C0DNTKIE8.
391
Impartatiou tariff of the Bepublio of Venezuela^ ^o. — Continued.
Articles.
Alabaster.
Alembics .
Albotns
Alcoholometers
Almonds:
Shelled
I'nshcUcd
Alpi:L», woolen or of wool mixed with cotton.
Alum, crude
Aromonia, liquid
Aucliuis, tMMtt and laanch
AncliiiiH, ships'
Aniseed
Arabias, linen or cx>tton
Argil
Appai-atQH, photographic
Aieouieters
Ameoic
Articles containing gold or silver
Articles in imitation cold or silver, n. o. s .
Articles of German silver or imitation —
Articles solely for the fabricatioo of hats.
Asphalt
Adzes
Anvils
Ashes, wood
AwU
Augers
Accordeous and concertinas.
Apples
Bran.
Beueseod . .
Bombazine
Bitters
Binoculars containing gold or silver
Biuocalars, n. a s
Brimstone
Ba'jatillc tables with accessories
Biliiaitl tables with accessories
Balu8t«'rs, iron
Balconies, Iron
Buckets, according to material
Barometers
Bar8, rou^li iron
Biinels, pipes, or hogsheads, set up or in i>arts.
B.iizo or rateeo, in pieces or olankets
Blacking, shoe
Bbu'king, n. o. s
Bridle bits:
Of iron, steel, copper, or brass
G ilded, plated, or of Gorman silver
Balls, billiard, bone or ivory 1
Bags:
Money, thread or cotton
Mouey, silk, pure or mixed
Traveling
Game
Paper
I^'atber, wine
Empty, of common hemp, unbleached Osnabnrg, &o
Bot I ks, common, of ordinary dark or clear glass
Bottle holders
Bonis or launches, set up or in parts
Buttons, silk, gold, or silver
Buttons,n. o. s
Braraant
I ' nbleached
\V hito linen, or linen mixed with cotton
Brandy
SoxcH :
Empty wooden
Ii on, money, or safes
Sm:ill, of brass, steel, iron, or other similar metal.
Sole-leather hat
I*;i per liat
Pasteboard, entire or in pieces
Paint
Boilers:
Iron
Copper
Class.
Duty i>er
kilogram.
4
$0 15
4
15
6
50
5
25
5
25
4
15
7
1 00
3
05
5
25
2
02
3
05
4
15
5
25
2
02
5
25
5
25
5
25
8
2 00
6
50
6
50
4
15
2
02
8
05
8
05
2
02
4
15
4
15
5
25
2
02
2
02
4
15
7
1 00
7
1 00
8
2 00
e
50
3
05
4
15
4
15
3
05
3
05
6
50
2
02
3
05
6
•50
4
15
2
02
4
15
6
50
6
50
7
1 00
8
2 00
5
25
7
1 CO
5
25
5
25
4
15
2
02
8
60
2
02
8
2 00
8
50
6
25
6
50
7
1 00
4
15
8
05
4
15
5
25
4
15
4
15
5
25
3
05
4
15
392
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEKAL C0UNTKIE8.
Importation tariff of the Republic of Venezuela, fo, — Continued.
Artiolec
Boots and shoes, rabber
Boots and shoes, n.as
Boot-Jacks
Bindings, shoe
Bells:
Brass, bronse, iron, or any similar metal. .
Hand, fcilded, plated, or of Oerman silver.
Hand, sold or silver
Bell metal m any foim, n.o.s
Baskets.
Boaf^es and catheters, all classes
Bagging, gnnny
Barley, in the husk
Barley, hnsked or gronnd
Brushes for the hau>, teeth, clothes, and shoes.
Brushes, artists'
Brushes, n.a8
Brushes, feather
Bristles, shoemakers'
Beer
Beer, condensed
Bolts, iron
Bark, for tanning
Beams, pine or oUi er ordinary wood
Brooms and brushes of palm fiber, rushes, or other vegetable material
Brooms and brushes of norsehair
Blankets, white cotton, or woolen, or with colored borders
Blankets, goat's hair
Basts, iron
Bone:
Unmanufkctured
Manu£u}tured, n.as
cans.
uckles :
Steel, copper, iron, or other similar metal for shoes, hats, or clothing
Covered with leather
Gilded or plated, orof Oerman silver
Copper, iron, &o., for harness
Birdcages, wire
Bricks, bath
Bricks, n.o. s
Banting
Black lead . .
Blank-books
Book-slates .
Butter
Basins, iron, tinned or glazed
Basins, n.o.s., according to material
Bridges, with chains, roadways, &c.,n.o.8
Boards or planks of pine or other common wood, unplaned and unjoined
Boards or planks, planed or joined
Boards, common wooden, prepared for making boxes
Bacon
Braid, thread, cotton, wool, or wool mixed with cotton
Braid, silk, pure or mixed
Beads for embroidering, not gold or silver
Beads, gold or silver
Beads, imitation gold or silver
Beads, n.o. s
Belts or girdles :
Cotton, linen, or wool, or wool mixed with cotton. .
Silk, pure or mixed
Rubber
Woven or knitted cotton
Burins
Bath-tubs, according to material
Batiste, colored cotron
Brillantine, colored cotton
Brin, unbleached
Brass or bronse :
Unmanufactured
ManafiEMitured, n. a s
Books of gold, silver, or bronze leaf, or tlieir imitations, for gilding, silvering, or
bronzing
Books:
TTnbound, not included in the first class, pamphlets and primary books of in-
struction '.
Bound, whose bindings contain velvet, silk, mother-of-pearl, ivory, or tortoise-
shell, or with gilt or plated ornaments
Bound, n.o.s
8
0
4
7
4
6
8
4
4
5
8
a
4
5
6
4
6
5
8
6
4
2
2
0
5
5
5
8
8
0
8
6
5
e
4
4
2
2
7
8
5
2
8
3
Duty per
kilogram.
$0 50
4 OO
15
1 00
15
50
2 00
15
15
25
05
02
15
25
25
1^
50
25
05
25
IS
02
02
50
25
25
25
05
05
50
05
50
25
50
15
25
02
02
1 00
05
25
02
05
05
3
4
8
8
4
05
02
05
03
05
1 00
2 00
50
2 00
SO
50
1 00
2 00
50
50
15
00
50
25
05
15
25
05
8 00
15
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COONTBIES.
393
Importation tariff of the Bepuhlio of Venezuela, ^o. — Continued.
Articles.
Bridle ornaments;
GoldorsUyer
Gilded, plated, or of German silver
"S.O.'B ^
Blooderbnases
Bone black
Bows, wooden, for musical instmments
Britannias:
White cotton
White linen, or linen mixed with cotton
Capers
Carroway seed
Carpets, entire, or in cats
Cnshions and pillows, silk, pore, or mixed
Cnshions and pillows, n.as
Currycombs
Canary seed
Chromate of lead
Cruet stands, gilded, plated, or of Gennan silver
Cruet stands, gold or silver
Cruet stands, n.as
Chandeliers:
Gold or sOver
Gilded, plated, or of German silver
N.0.8
Christmas trees
Cushions, billiard
Clay, in any form, glased or unglased
Caps:
Silk, pure or mixed
Wool, or wool mixed with cotton
Caps and bonnets :
Straw, without adornments
With adornments
Cap boxes, for percussion cajw
Curb chains, silver
Curb chains, gilded, plated, or of German silver
Curb chains
Compasses, ships' —
Compasses, carpenters'
Cables, rigging, and cordage
Capstans
Chains, iron, for vessels
Chains, n. as
Chests, wooden,' carpenters'
Cases, watch and Jewelry
Calendars, perpetual
Cameras, oscuraand lucida .*
Canvas and canvas-duck, flax or cotton
Canvas for embroidering
Candlesticks, gold or silver
Candlesticks, gilded, plated, or of Gennan silver
Candlesticks, n. a s
Cinnamon
Cannons
Cloaks, paletots, and overcoats of wool or wool mixed with cotton
Cloaks and paletots of linen or cotton
Cloaks, waterproof
Capes
Capsules for stopping bottles
Caput-mortnum
Carbines
Carbtm, animal
Charcoal:
Powdered
In pieces
Carbonate of lead
Carmine
Cigar and cigarette cases containing gold or silver
Cigar and cigarette cases. n.as .*.
Cord cases containing gold or silver
Card cases, n. 0. s
CarUidgee, empty or loaded
Carta, wagona, and wheelbarrows
Chasubles
Cassimere and casineti wool or wool mixed witii oottcni
Chestnuts «
Cigarettes
Cidw
Circulars, printed or lithographed
Class.
•
Duty per
kilogram.
8
$2 OO
8
50
4
15
7
1 00
4
15
5
25
5
25
6
50
4
15
4
15
e
50
8
2 00
8
50
4
15
4
15
3
05
6
50
8
2 OO
4
15
8
2 00
e
60
4
15
4
15'
4
15
3
05
8
2 00
7
1 OO
6
50
8
2 OO
7
1 00
8
2 00
6
50
4
15
8
50
4
15
3
05
3
05
8
05
4
15
4,
15
8'
2 OO
6
25
5
25
4
15
5
25
8
2 00
8
50
4
15
4
15
3
05
9
4 OO
8
2 00
8
50
7
1 00
4
15
2
02
7
1 OO
3
05
8
05
2
02
3
05
5
25
8
2 00
6
50
8
200
8
50
7
1 OO
2
0^
7
1 00
7
1 00
4
15
• 7
1 OO
8
05
9
4 OO
394
TARIFFS OF TUE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Importiman tariff of tke Republic of VenezuelCf ^c. — Continaed.
Articles.
Cambric :
Cotton
Linen or linen mixed with cotton ..
Cloves
Cblundo of lime
•Counterpanes, woolen, linen, or cotton.
■CoplMT :
Olil
IJumanufactured
Manufactured, n. a a
Cocoanots
Coachi^, giga, omnibuaea, and other vehiolea, n. a a
Caniagea, baby
Cnrtains or hangings of wool or wool mixed with cotton.
Curtains or hangings, ailk, pure or mixed
-CnrtainH or hangings, cotton or linen
Colors and painta, n.o. a
Colnmns, itttn
Collodion
Cnmmin aeed
Coral, mounted in gold or silver
Coral, n. as
Cravats:
Cotton, linen, or wool
Silk, pare or mixed
CIa.*p8. wire
Cork, in any form
Corsets, made np or in patterns
Chalk:
White or red. solid or in powder
Tableta for billiard cues
Cretonnes, colored cotton
Crayons and carbons
Crucibles
Chromo-lithographs
Chronometers .-
Cubebs
ColIarH :
Paper
Liuen and cotton
Chocolate
Chisels
CoHmoiamaa
Crackers, sweet
Crackora, unsweetened
CbesHiueii -and checkers with boards.
Children's toys, not of wood
Condensed milk
Checks, linen or cotton
Crape.
Chalice covers
Cigarette paper
Combs, containing gold or silver
Combs, rubber or horn
Combs, n.o s., according to material
Cruets, gold or silver
Cruets, gilded, plated, or of German silver
duets, n. o. s
Chcniical products, n o. s
Cuflfn:
Taper
Linen or cotton
Cheese
Clocks, table or wall, and n. o. s
ClotlicH:
1 iVady made, linen or cotton
Ktad'y-made, silk or wool, pure or mixed .
Condiments, n. o. s
Chairs or piano stools
Cards:
^la.y,i.°«
Visiting
Large printed or lithographed
Corkscrews
Candles :
Tallow
i^erm, parafflne, stearic, or composite...
Cnnpiug ghMses and instruments
Calicoes .... *
Covers, waterproof, for hats and caps
Canes, whips, and life-preservers, n. o. a
Claaa
1 Duty per
kilogram.
7
$1 00
8
2 00
4
15
3
05
6
50
3
. 05
3
05
4
15
2
03
2
02
4
15
8
2 00
8
2 00
7
1 00
5
25
8
05
4
15
4
15
8
2 00
0
50
7
1 00
8
2 00
0
50
6
25
7
100
8
06
4
15
0
50
5
25
8
05
5
25
0
50
5
25
5
25
8
2 00
4
15
4
15
S
25
4
15
3
05
6
25
5
2.'»
4
15
5
25
5
25
7
1 00
2
02
8
2 00
6
50
8 ,
2 00
6
50
4
16
6
25
5
25
8
2 00
4
15
6
50
8
2 00
9
4 00
4
15
*
15
7
1 00
9
4 00
9
4 00
4
15
4
15
5 i
25
5
25
6
50
6
25
6
50
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
395
Importatum tariff of the Bepublic of Venezuela^ ^'o, — Continaed.
Articles.
o*"- ar
Casada plates, iron
CambroD, wool or wool mixed with cotton
Campeachy wool
CarluDcan :
Colored cotton
if-ilk. pure or mixed
Cbln-«tmpH for belmetH of steel, iron, copper, or brass
Cberri«'», d ried ,
Cord :
Lineo, cotton, or wool, or wool mixed with cotton
Silk, pure or mixed
Crinoline
Carpenters' planer
Cloth or wovon stuff for slippers, n. o. s
Cloth wire, iron ,
Cloth wire, n.o. s., according to material
Cnip|Hi9 '. ,
Ccl7 I 8«'ed
Clotbiu!^ and adornments for women and children, of cambric, clarin, lawn, tarle-
taii. j-ilk, or wool
Crochet work
Cofi'co cleaners or separators
Drums
Diciv according to material
Dalmaticas
Damask :
Cotton, white or colored
Linen, or linen mixed with cotton
'Woolen, or wool mixed with cotton
Silk, pure or mixed
Dcm\johns, empty ,
Drawings ,
Dynumite
Domr sties, linen or cotton
Drill:
White or colored cotton, or unbleached linen or cotton
White or colored linen, or linen mixed with cotton
Drugs and medicines, n. as
Dioramas
Doormats
Dominos
Dye woods
Doors or gates, iron
Di^h covers
Door bars, according to material
Drills, perforating
Drawers and pantaloons, knit cotton
Dresses :
Women's (in patterns), of muslin, lawn, organdy, Stc
Women's dresses (made up), of muslin, lawn, organdy, tarletan, &,o
Women's dresses (made up), of wool or wool mixed with cotton
Women's made up, or in patterns of silk, pure or mixed
Dat«'«, diied
Door-kuor kers, according to material
Dressing-cases, containing gold or silver
Dri'ssing-cases, n. o. s
£$ist'nce9 and extracts, all kinds
Emory
Embroidering thread:
< ; old or silver
Imitation of gold or silver
£ye-glass«*s contidning gold or silver.
Eye;;! asses, n. o. s .'
E> ou ts, gold or silver
Ey«-lot 8, n-o. s ,
£\ OS. artificial ,
Envelopes
Elnstic for shoe '
Epanlcts:
1 bread or cot ton
W«K)1, or wool mixed with cotton
Gold or silver, or their imitations
Embroideries
FanH, all classes
Food.n. prepared, n. o. s
Filters
Frames, umbrella and parasol ,
Framos for mirrors or engravings, with or without glass.
Filbert.H, unsbolled
Fuses and match-rope for mines or quarries
Flower-pots or nma, iron
8
7
2
6
8
4
4
8
6
8
0
8
6
6
9
6
$0 05
1 00
02
50
00
15
15
1
2
00
00
50
15
50
05
1 00
06
4 00
1 00
05
26
1 00
50
50
00
00
02
25
50
25
25
50
25
25
15
25
02
05
15
15
50
1 00
4 00
4 00
4 00
15
2 00
50
25
05
2 00
50
2 00
50
2 00
50
50
4 00
50
7
1 00
7
1 00
8
2 00
7
1 00
6
50
4
15
8
05
4
15
5
25
4
16
a
05
8
05
396
TABIPFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
ImpirrtaiUm tariff of ike Bepuhlic of VeneMuela, ^c. — Contmned.
Artidles.
Flower pots or nms, n. o. 8 .
Flowers, artifldAl poroelAin
Flowers, artifieisl, n. o. 8
Fmits, srtiflcisl, n. a s
FoUs
Fencing jackets.
Forjces
Flsnnel
Fmits, Are8b.n.o.8
Fmits, dried or in liqnor or simp.
Fireworks
Fountains
Floor, potato
Flour, wheat
Floor, maize and xye
Floor, barley and bean
Floor, grits for making TenniceUi
Floor, n. 0.8
Firewood
Filings, iron. .. <
Filings, n. o. s
Files
French checks for women's dresses
Fostio
Fomitore:
Common wood, cane, or straw
Upholstered, or of fine woods soch as rosewood, mahogany, walnot, &o
Iron.
CoTers, hemp, linen, or cotton ,
Linings, horsehair
Fancy trimmings, linen, cotton, wool, or wool mixed with cotton
Fancy trimmings:
Silk, poreormixed, orof goldorsUver
Imitation gold or silver ;
For or hair for hat-making
Fish, salt or smoked
Feather ornaments
Frying pans, iron
Frying pans, n. o. s., according to material
Fire-crackers
Fringes:
Cotton, linen, or wool, or wool mixed with cotton
Silk, pore or mixed, or of gold or sUver
Imitation gold or sUrer
Flax
Felt:
For saddle cloths ,
UnfoUed, for hats
Foiled, or hats half finished
Figure, wax, not children's toys
Figures and ornaments made of sweetmeats
Filtering stones
Flints and steel
Foldingchairs
Fustian
Garlic.
Girths, all classes.
Gloe:
Common
Fish
G«oze
Gasoline
Gelatine
Gin
Girandoles, gold or silver
Girandoles, gilded, plated, or of (Jraman silver.
Girandoles, n.as
Glycerine -
Gom arable
GomB,n.o. s
Gom elastic, mano&ctored into children's toys
Gom elastic, manofactored, n-as
Granite
Grease, common, for soap-making ,
Gloves :
Thread or cotton ,
Wool, or wool mixed with cotton
Silk, pore or mixed
Skin, n.o. 8.«
Fencing
Horsehair ^
Class.
Doty per
kilQgrsin-
4
4
8
8
5
5
3
7
2
4
7
3
4
8
4
2
2
2
t\
5
4
4
e
2
4
5
8
4
4
7
8
6
4
S
8
8
7
8
8
8
6
4
»
6
2
8
&
4
7
4
7
4
6
8
4
4
7
8
4
6
6
6
5
e
4
4
7
7
8
8
6
6
10 li^
16
200
200
25
25
05
100
02
15
lOO
05
15
05
15
02
02
03
02
25
15
15
50
02
15
25
05
• 15
15
1 00
200
50
15
05
200
05
15
100
200
50
05
50
15
4 00
50
02
05
25
15
1 00
15
1 00
15
25
200
15
15
I 00
200
50 •
15
25
25
25
25
50
15
15
lOO
1 00
2G0
200
25
25
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
397
Importation tariff of the Bepuhlio of Veneguela, ^o. — Continned.
ArtiolM.
08
droha
1 silver leaf
1 silver leaf, imitation
inofactared, u.o,b
IS, iron,
air
Ei^;:::
der
«
s. iroDt window
a Jaloosies for doors or windows.
, nnailvered
,n.o.8
fresh
glass for lamps
in or cotton
»1, or wool mixed with ootton
I or silver
ation gold or silver
, pore or mixed
•otton staff for linings
mes
shes and tonics
for hearses, carts, and wagons
for coaches and vehicles, n.as
rood or iron, for pipes, hogsheads, barrels, or sieves.
laniifaotnred
aftctared, n. o. s
iron, oopper, steel, or other metal, n.as
ad eyes, wire
tiair and its imitations
Us for bridles
* oaknm, erode or twisted for cidUng porposes
•Danish, cmde
including glasses, plomes, jMUiaohes, and aU other attachments when im-
Jointly wiUi the hearse, even though, if coming separately, higher dnties,
be charged on them
igs, silk, or other material
saps, plain straw or its imitati<ms, without adornments
»ps, or bonnets, n. o. 8
Sh-crowned dress, of silk or other material
era
oths
I
iks
Bters
^ gold or silver
>, n. o. 8
tins
, military.
a
ieinal
d, not medicinal
rchiaCB:
on
n, or linen mixed with cotton, or of silk, pore or mixed
nmannfkotored
L pistol
ices, in pieces .
ther metallic articles gildM or plated, not including writing materials
oy form nnmannflsctared, or in old nselees pieces
nnctored, n. a 8
nfactared into articles for domestic use
hate of
gold or silver
a.as
5
6
8
6
8
7
8
6
7
7
0
7
8
4
8
4
2
4
7
7
8
6
8
6
8
5
5
8
2
2
8
6
4
6
8
7
2
8
4
8
4
6
9
9
9
7
8
6
8
6
8
4
4
9
4
5
2
8
8
0
8
3
6
2
4
8
8
8
6
4
Duty per
kilogram.
$0 25
00
2 00
SO
2 00
1 00
05
50
1 00
1 00
50
100
05
15
05
15
02
15
00
00
00
50
00
50
05
25
25
05
02
02
1
1
2
05
60
15
60
2 00
100
02
05
15
4
4
4
1
05
15
50
00
00
00
00
05
60
50
00
50
05
15
15
00
15
25
02
60
00
05.
50
05
05
50
02
15
05
05
00
25
15
i
TAElFFrf OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBlBo:
Imporlation tarijf of the Bfpvbiic of Fmesucla, ^f-c— Continued,
ArtioleB. CUm. i
Drulol, amtoniiol. denUI, muthoniaticiil, uid for other
'or the arts ind InMlM, witb or without h»iiille»
luglol nod their pui«.D.o.a
'In any form except cblldren't toy
Den or lioeii mixed wlthmtloil (wbll«l
neii or mmiliii, aDbleoched
.'•hoea, •ilk. pDiv or Billed
.' ahora, linen, cotton. i.r wool mixed with ootloo . .
Elti'hen rangea
KnivM, pocket
EnlTra end forka, irltb Eold nr aUver hi
EuivtaiDd forkaRtiaed/plaled, OTofG
wlDlrd. wUb or wllbont ibMitbi^ knifca *nh bandies or *ood or
nmon materlol rorBsfaennen. ahoenwkera. eaddlera, eaidnen, tobio-
ud those generally employed in tbe — ' -' ■— ' ■■
and tradea and common
' tVatcb orclook, eold arallTar
IVatch or cbek, n. o. 8
eti lei, a. o. a.. McotdinE Ui nwtetlal ■ .
L>aTeii.&c.. prepared fur tDaUng artlfloUl flower*
Lime, qnlck or tUoked
Lime, salphale of, mannbctnred. eicspt ehildren'a toya.. .
Lkm:
Gol- „
Gold 01
LantirnsrhoTtng any p^^j^lded. pUted,
Loa£lone .*'.' .'.'.".'.'..
Lampa,goldorellTor....
Lampg. irllded. pUted. oi
LoEeugea, gum--- .--
In plfES, bara. Sto-, ni
ilxed witb ooUoD, and almllar fine atnflh --
Label
LiOMb I
II ih! or Utbofcntpbed
I Ibum U 220 CtrtleT'l aeile. axcept eane m
TAEIFF8 OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
39»
Importation tariff of the K^public of Venezuela^ ^'C, — Continaed.
Articles.
sole, anmannfactored
It
for billiard caea
ifactured, n. o. a
>T efferveeciDg water
Iron
n. o. B., aocording to material .
pea containing gold or silver
pes, n. o. s
*d or dried
d or smoked, n. o. s .
•xes containing gold or sflrer
•xes, n. o. s
ea
ind silvered glasses
it«^ms
aw, for floors or tables
m
ms, dried or in saaoe .
km, white cotton
se
ixes
inted
ry, n. o. s., weighing more than 1,000 kilogrammes.
y, n. o. a., weighing 1,000 kilogrammes or less
-y for makinjf etiervescing waters
rorked or polished, n. o. s
I for artificial fiowers
8, n. o. 8
nets of wool, or wool mixed with cotton
nets of linen or cotton
n, white or colored ,
I or linen mixed with cotton, colored or anbleached
f p<*arl, n. o. s
I
ers, wire
-rounds, with accessories
compositions, n. o. s
of silk, thread, or ootton lace
, leather, ribbon, or paper, with or withoot cases
, n. o. s., according to material
.s ,
li, tnclnding vermicelli, &o.
;old or silver
1. o. s
5r ...
lulin.
anu factored, n. o. s
nitted
)s:
ed cotton
I, lawn, lace, maslin, or silk
nd
keed
inating....
lO ••••••
for machinery.
ver
cue
Class.
Duty per
kilogram.
4
$0 15-
6
50
4
15
7
1 00
8
05
8
05
8
2 00
6
05
8
05
2
02
8
05
7
1 OO
8
2 00
0
50
0
50
4
IS-
5
25
4
15
4
15
7
I OO
4
15
5
25
2
02
4
15
8
05
7
1 OO
5
25
2
02
2
02
3
05
4
15
4
15
5
25
5
25
8
2 OO
6
25
7
1 OO
4
15
8
2 00
7
1 00
4
15
7
1 00
7
1 00
6
50
4
15
4
15
4
15
4
15
8
2 00
6
25
3
05
5
25
4
15
8
2 00
0
50
3
05
4
15
8
05
0
50
4
15
6
25
7
1 00
e
50
8
2 OO
4
15
6
25
3
05
8
05
3
05
8
05
8
05
5
25
8
Q&
400
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
ImportaHon tariff of the Bepublio of Veneeuelay fo, — Continued.
Articles.
OU:
Linseed...
Palm
Fish
Perftuned.
Drying —
Castor
N.as
OUlees.
Oilcloth or oilskin for floors or for packing poiposes.
Oilcloth or oilskin, n. o. s
Olives
Oran ge-flower water
Ornaments: Iron for gardens and exterior of houses.
Gold or silver
For the nse of priests and shurohes
Women's head, silk nets, Sec
Oats
Onions
Osnabarg, white or colored
UnbMached
Osiers, nnmanofaotnred ....
Ore, iron, copper, or tin —
Octants
Ooher
Organs
Organdy
Pins, goldor silrer
Pins, n. as
Pincers
Pomps, n. as
Pipes, tobacco, and mouthpieces of clay or other ordinary material.
with mouthpieces of gold or silver
With mouthpieces gilded, plated, or of German silver
With mouthpieces of amber, porcelain, or similar material
Or conduits of iron or lead
Pitch
Portfolios
Padlocks
Portemonnaies containing gold or silver
Portemonnaies, n.o.s
Pasteboard :
Bough or for roofing
Impermeable copy pressei^
Fine, for office use, cards, Sec
ManufiMtured, n. a s
Pickles:
In vinegar or brine ,
In mustard
Panoramas
Phosphorus
Photographs
Pillow cases :
Linen or cotton
Lawn or cambric
Pencils, slate
Pencils, n. o. s ,
Pencil cases, gold or silver
Pencil cases, n.as
Pens, goldorsilrer ;.
Pens, n. as :....
Penholders, gold or silver
Penholders, n.as
Pottery. n.as ,
Porcelain, chinaware, and imitations
Peanuts -•
Pots, iron
Pots, n.o.s., according to material
Potatoes
Palm fiber
Paper:
Painted wall
Gilt or silver, stam];>edin reliefer fiowered
Writing, broWnorany other, n. as
ManufiMtured, n.as
Paste:
Polishing
For tips of billiard cues
Imitation of i>orcelain, granite, &c., except in children's toys.
Book
Razor..
4
4
4
5
4
5
5
3
4
5
4
3
8
8
7
8
2
8
5
8
3
8
6
2
4
7
8
6
4
a
8
8
6
6
2
2
6
4
8
6
2
8
8
4
3
4
5
5
6
7
8
2
5
8
5
8
6
8
5
3
4
4
3
3
8
4
6
8
6
4
4
4
8
6
Dutyp©''
kiloxrio^
Hs*
2&
(«
15
25
15
05
05
200
100
200
02
05
25
05
05
05
50
02
15
1
2
00
00
50
15
02
05
2 00
SO
50
02
02
25
15
200
50
02
06
05
15
05
15
25
25
25
1 00
200
02
25
200
25
200
25
200
25
05
15
15
05
05
OS
15
60
05
25
IS
15
15
25
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
401
Imporiaiian tariff of the Bepublio of Venezuela, fo, — Continued.
Articles.
maonfitotnred, n. o. 8.
resh
Bry
eni, and its imitations, n. a s
imitation, not mounted in gold or silver .
im.cmde .*.
withont accessories
common oil
;s and portraits, npon canvas, wood, paper, stone, or metal
reichts
rhite or colored
, for hearses, when imported separate
straw for hats
ine
let.
Iks.
imon and calcined.
rate of .-.
on, for fencing
stamping paper
brcnring skins
advertiung
», cambric, muslin, lawn, or silk, pare or mixed,
kts:
!»n, made up or in patterns
m,or linen mixed with cotton
ibric, lawn, darin, or other fine stuff
imon
, pure or mixed ■
hat%
read, twine, or any thick thread of hemp, flax, or cotton, not for sewing,
ng, or embroidering
«, crude
>lock8i according to material.
amethyst
Ivor . ,
ji^ruins
ound
trops
trepsaced for musical instruments,
nanufaotured
sing
lufactured into pipes, or conduits, or bands for machinery
lafactured, n. a s
strain
e tables and accessories
tors, springs, hands, and other interior machinery for watches and docks.
nentary, unprepared or in vinegar or brine
nentary, preserved
►ine
iTB.
, iron or galvanized iron .
i:
on or cotton
si, or wool mixed with cotton .
, pure or mixed ; . . .
tation velvet ,
.otton muslin
luen ,
iron or copper
1784 CONG — A P-
■26
Class.
Duty per
kilogram.
4
10 15
2
02
e
50
5
25
5
25
8
2 00
e
50
2
02
2
02
4
15
8
05
5
25
6
25
0
50
7
1 00
8
2 00
4
15
6
25
4
15
5
25
6
25
7
1 00
e
50
3
05
3
05
8
05
3
05
8
05
7
1 00
5
25
9
4 00
8
2 00
8
50
7
1 00
8
2 00
7
1 00
8
2 00
4
15
4
15
4
15
6
25
5
25
2
02
3
05
5
25
6
25
2
02
6
25
6
50
5
25
4
15
6
50
2
02
5
25
0
50
4
15
3
05
4
15
2
02
5
25
7
1 00
7
1 00
8
05
7
1 00
7
1 00
8
2 00
7
1 00
7
1 00
5
25
0
50
^
V «»
i
402
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAIi COUNTBIEB.
ImportaUan tariff of the Bepublic of Venezuela, ^o. — Continued.
Articles.
Raffles, lace, or oT any form of linen or cotton.
BinfTB, children's teething
Steel:
nnmanofactnred
Hannfactured, n. o.s
For crinolines, bustles, &c
Scented toilet water
Spectacles, containing gold or silver
Spectacles, n.as
Saffron.
Scales or steelyards of copper or principally of copper, including weights (even
though they be of iron), when imported together
Scales, steelyards, and weights, n.as
Stewpans or saucepans, iron ,
Stewpans or saucepans, n. as
Stockings or socks, cotton ,
Stockings or socks, wool or wool mixed with cotton
Stockings or socks, silk, pure or mixed .'
Stockings or socks, thread, or thread mixed with cotton or wool
Shirts:
Cotton
Linen, or linen mixed with cotton
Wool, or wool mixed with cotton, or having silk adornments
Shoestrings
Stays, all classes
Spoons and ladles, gold or silver
Spoons and ladles, gilded, plated, or of German silver
Spoons and ladles, n. o. s —
Stereoscopes containing gold and silver
Stereoscopes, n. o. s . ,
Strings for musical instruments, gut or wire
Sausages
Staves
Sweetmeats
Spittoons, according to material
Swords or sabers
Sword blades
Sword canes, and canes and whips with concealed apparatus for firing
Spatulas
Spermaceti, unmanufactured
Spurs, gold or silver
Spurs, gilded, plated, or of German silver
Spurs, n. o.s
Statues, iron
Stearine, unmanufactured
Stirrups, gold or silver
Stirrups, gilded, plated, or of German silver
Stirrups, n. o. s
Saddles and saddle cloths
Saddletrees
Stoves:
Iron
Copper
Soap:
Castas
Common
Perfumed
Soapstone
Sirups not medicinal
Se^mg wax for office use
Sealing wax for bottles
Sheeting, white cotton, or unbleached, or colored linen or cotton.
Sand paper
Suckling bottles
Spangles, gold or silver
Spangles, n. o. 8
Snot tod bullets
Shot pouches — *. .,.
Straw, unmanufactured
Screens, metal, paper, or cloth
Shirt fronts, paper
Shirt fronts, unen or cotton
Stones:
Bough
Mill, n. as....
Refiraotory for foundry furnaces
Flint
Oil, for sharpening tools
Precious
Precious, imitation, not mounted In gold or silver
Stone, pumice
8
5
3
4
6
5
8
5
4
3
3
4
6
7
8
7
7
8
8
5
7
8
6
4
8
5
5
4
8
4
Duty per
kilogram
$2 00
25
05
15
50
25
2 00
60
25
15
05
05
15
50
1 00
2 00
1 00
7
7
7
5
4
8
6
4
8
8
8
6
4
7
4
3
4
5
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
8
5
8
6
3
7
8
5
5
8
2
3
8
4
6
8
6
3
1
2
2
00
00
00
25
1 00
2 00
50
15
2 00
25
25
15
05
15
1
1
1
00
00
00
25
15
2 00
50
15
05
05
200
50
15
100
15
05
15
35
25
25
15
15
25
15
25
05
25
200
50
05
1 00
05
25
25
200
02
05
05
15
25
3 00
05
05
^TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
403
ImpartaUan tariff of the SepuhUo of VeneeuelOy ^c. — ContinnecU
Articles.
Bnlphateof copper
Skins, tanned and manoflEictared, except sole leather.
Skins, Tintanned and iinTnannfactared
Slates:
BooflnfC
School
SUver:
Manofactared, n.as
German
Sand, blotting
Salts, Epsom and Glauber
Silk, pare or mixed, n.as
Seals and stamps, letter
Sextants
Saws
Sardines
Ssgo
Sjnhons for efTerrescinfl: waters
Sooa or barilla, common, calcined, or crystallised
Stoles
Solder
Shoehorns, according to material
Sieves:
Iron wire
Copper wire, silk, skin, or horse hair
Scissors, gold or silver
Scissors, n. o. s
Scabbards, sword, saber. See
Sails:
Boat
Ship
Sumach
Sheepskins, tanned
Sashes, mouldings, battens, &c., of wood
Sauces
Shingles
Shawls, mantels, and scarfs :
Of muslin or other cotton stuff
Of linen or linen mixed with cotton
Of wool or wool mixed with cotton
Of wool or wool mixed with cotton, with silk border or adornments
Of silk pure or mixed
Sospcnders for pantaloons
Salampores:
Blue
White
Serge, woolen, or wool mixed with cotton
Serge, silk, pure or mixed
Sienna earth
Shaving cases .'
Suspensories
Shotguns
Turpentine
Tar, mineral and ve^table
Telescopes, containing gold or silver
Telescopes, n. o. 8
Trajs,gold or silver
Trays, gilded, plated, or of German silver
Trays, n.o.s
Tree moss
Tiles, for paving or roofing, not to exceed sixty centimeters
Tiles, n.o.s
T'nmks, emptv
TYnmpets, gold or silver
Trompets, gilded, plated, or of German sQver
Trumpets, n. o. s
Tassels:
Thread or cotton
Wool, or wool mixed with cotton
Gold or silver
Silk, pure or mixed
Trusses
Tacks, Iron
Tacks, copper
Tacks, n. a s., according to material
Tortoise-shell, unmanuiactured
Tortoise^hell and its imitations, mannflsctared, not mounted in gold or silver.
Tablecloths:
Linen or cotton
Wool, or wool mixed with cotton
Crocheted k
Duty per
kilogram.
10 05
50
15
02
02
200
25
02
2 00
25
50
15
05
05
15
05
1 00
15
.8
5
8
6
7
2
4
8
6
6
4
2
7
8
7
8
8
7
a
5
7
8
2
6
5
7
8
2
8
6
8
6
4
8
2
2
5
8
6
4
7
7
8
8
5
8
4
5
6
6
7
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
05
25
00
25
00
02
15
05
50
25
15
02
00
00
00
00
00
00
05
05
00
00
02
60
25
00
05
oe
00
50
00
50
15
05
02
02
25
00
60
16
1 00
1 00
2 00
2 00
25
05
15
25
60
60
100
404
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Importation tariff of the Beptiblic of Venezuela^ ^o. — Continued.
Articles.
Table-cloths :
Woolen, or wool mixed with cotton, with sUk embroidery or omameDts.
Silk, pore or mixed
Tickins:
Unoleaohed linen or cotton
Cotton, white or colored
Linen or linen mixed with cotton
Trowels
Thimbles, gold or silver
Thimbles, n.o.s
Threads:
Shoemakers*
Flax, cotton, or hemp, for nets and flshins lines
Flax or cotton, for sewing, embroidering. Knitting, or weaying
Grold or silver
Gold or silver, imitation
Tnbe-cleanets, for lamps
Tinsel
Towels and napkins
Tobacco:
CiKarette
Prepared, for making cigars,
if
Leal
Mana factored, n.o. s
Toothpicks, qaill
Tallow :
Crude or pressed
Prepared for stearine or stearic candles
Taffety
Tanioca
Tdvietau
Tc
ca
Tli\. rmumeters
Tombs, according to material
Table services, gold or silver
Toachstone
Tin:
Pnre or alloyed, tmmann&ctared
Mannfactnred, n. as
Tnlle
Talc:
Unmanofactnred
Mannfactored, n. o. s
Tannin
ToDgaes, smoked, salted, or in brine
Undershirts :
Woven cotton
Wool or wool mixed with cotton
Silk, pure or mixed
Urns, iron
Urns, n. o. s., according to material
Umbrellas and parasols:
Wool, linen, or cotton
Silk, pure or mixed
Velocipedes
Vanilla
Varnishes of all classes
Veneers, wooden
Veneers, metal, gilded or plated
Veneers, gold or silver
Veneers, n. as
Vegetables :
In vinegar or brine
Preserved
Vinegar ,
Vizors, cap and helmet
Velvet:
Silk, pnre or mixed
Cotton, imitation
Wire:
Iron, galvanised, nnmannfkctnred
Iron, not galvanized
Iron, manufactured, n. o. s
Zinc, copper, and brass
Gilded or plated, or of burnished copper or brass.
Writing materials, containing gold or silver
Writing materials, n.as
Whalebone and its imitations
Wax:
Black, yellow, and vegetable
White, pnre or mizeo.
8
8
6
0
0
4
8
0
4
3
5
8
0
4
0
4
4
7
8
6
4
3
8
3
7
6
6
Duty.
kilogTHD.
6
7
4
6
4
3
e
8
4
3
4
3
4
8
7
2
3
4
4
0
8
6
6
4
6
$2 00
200
2ft
50
50
15
2 00
50
15
06
25
2 00
50
15
50
50
15
15
100
2 00
50
15
05
2 00
05
] 00
25
50
2011
^5
1- ^
SO
06
50
•2 00
05
1
50
00
15
25
15
05
50
00
15
OS
16
06
J5
15
60
200
25
50
15
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL C0UNTBIE8.
405
Importation tariff of the Bepublio of Venezuela, j-o. — Continaed.
Articles.
Wax:
MAoiifkctoTed, except ohfldran's toys
Shoemakers'..
Wises:
Bed Bordeaax, in any receptacle
Allclaase8,inpipes.Kegs,or barrels, except Spanish wines
All classes, in aemUohns and bottles, except Spanish and Bordeaux
Spanish, all classes, in any receptacle
Wine, spirits of
Wool...
Wood:
BrasU
Common, sncb as boards, beams, and scsntling of pine, implaned or m^joined
Sawed, planed, or Joined ,
Fine, for makinfc musical instmments, and for cabinet-makers* work ........
ICanofactared, n. o. s
Windmills
Walnuts, nnshelled .,
Wafers ,
Watches, all dasses
Wheels, coach, carriage, cartk &c
Wheat, in grain -
Wadding, cotton
Work-bags
Yeast TTr.
Zephyr .'
Zinc, nnmannfaotnred
Zinc-white
Zinc, manofactared, n. o. s
6
3
3
3
4
6
7
4
2
2
8
3
4
2
4
5
8
2
2
6
6
4
7
3
3
4
Dntyper
kilogram.
10 50
05
05
05
15
50
1 00
15
02
02
05
05
15
02
15
25
2 00
02
02
60
60
15
1 00
05
05
16
ABTICLRS OF FBEB IMPOBTATION UPON WHICH THEBB IS NO DUTY.
Animnls, live, except leeches.
Articles imported by order of the national Grovemment.
Artistic objects of a monumental character.
Baggage, passengers^ exclusive of furniture and effects that have not been used.
Baggage, effects, and used furniture, introduced by Venezuelans or foreigners domi-
ciled in Venezuela who have resided more than two years in Europe or the United
States, and who wish to renew their residence in Venezuela, complying with article
166 of the treasury code.
bridges with their chains, roadways, and other attachments when they are for public
use or agricultural enterprises.
Books, unbound, or folios treating of the sciences, arts, and trades, catalogues, news-
papers, and periodicals, and copy-books for primary schools.
Cars, tools, and all other articles exclusively for railroad U6e.
Clocks for public use, when introduced by the Federal Government.
ISffects introduced by foreign diplomatic agents and by Venezuelan diplomats upon
their return to the republic.
Extract of rennet.
Pish-hooks.
Pire-engines.
Olobes, celestial and terrestrial, hydrographic charts and maps of all classes.
Ouano.
Implements for agricultural use, such as plows, harrows, hoes, axes, shovels, pickaxes
mat<;hetes, bill-hooks, prnning-knives, &c.
Ice.
Living plants of all classes, herbariums, or collections of dried plants not medicinal,
and seeds for planting.
Hineral coal.
Machinery for producing and lighting by ^as.
Machinery for sugar mills and all accessories.
Machinery for agriculture, mines, weaving mills, saw-mills, foundries, and for the arts
and trades, n. o. s.
Platinum, and unmanufactured gold and silver, and gold and silver in legitimate
money.
Products of Colombia introduced over the frontier, provided that the products of
Venezuela enjoy the same privilege in Colombia.
Printing presses, types, and all accessories; printing ink, and white papers containing
no gum or glue.
406 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Roman cement.
Steam motors of all classes, with their accessories.
Samples of staffs in small pieces, not exceeding 25 kilograms in weight ; of wall
paper in pieces of not more than 50 centimeters in length, and of other objects
whose dimensions and condition preclnde them from being offered for sale.
Wood prepared for naval constmction, and hewed pieces of pine, oak, &c., snitable
for sawing into boards or other shapes.
Note. — Tne receptacles in which free articles are introduced, such as trnnks, boxes,
bags, &c., will be weighed separately, and charged duty according to class.
NoTB.--Samples of staffs, wall papers, &c., exceeding 25 kilograms in weight, will
be charged upon said excess as belonging to the eighth class.
ARTICLES WHOSE IMPORTATION IS PROHIBITED.
Cane ram.
Cocoa-nnt oil.
Cacao.
Coffee.
Chewing tobacco, in twist or plag[.
Counterfeit money and foreign silver not included in the monetary convention of
1865, according to executive decree of Julv 9, 1880.
Coining machinery, except by order of the federal Government.
Indigo.
Molasses and honey.
Starch.
Sarsaparilla.
Salt.
Wooden sticks for matches.
Raw cotton.
White or brown sugar.
Wooden toys for cMldren.
Note. — In order to import fire-arms, gun-powder, lead, cartridges, gun-caps, flints,
or saltpeter, permission from the general Government must be obtained.
VENEZUELAH TABIFF CHANGES.
REPORT BY COMMERCIAL AGEXT SILER, OF LAOUATRA.
I have the honor to JDform the Department of State that an act has
been recently passed by both houses of the Venezuelan Congress, and
received the approval of the Executive, which, when put into operation,
will sensibly affect the tariff laws of this country. I have been unable
to procuie a copy of the text of this law, but hope to be able to do so
at an early day, when I shall advise the Department of its leading feat-
ures ; however, I am enabled to say at this time that a considerable im-
port duty has been placed on several articles which have heretofore been
admitted on the free list. Among these may be mentioned corn, rice,
beans, and several other food products. There are other articles in
which considerable trade has been carried on here, which are peremp-
torily prohibited from importation by this new act. In this list are men-
tioned cocoa, sugar, certain grades of tobacco, wooden toys, &c.
The time fixed for this new tariff law to go into effect was July 1,
but it appears that among the other extraordinary prerogatives invested
in the Executive of this republic is one that by a simple proclamation
may cause any law to go into immediate operation, notwithstanding a
different period may have been fixed by Congress.
As might be expected, business is timid and unsteady here just now
in consequence of this event; and this, joined to the scarcity of money
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 407
in circalatioD, want of confidence in the Government, and general feel-
ing of uncertainty which prevails throughout the republic, would seem
anfavorable auguries of its immediate prosperity.
JAMES W. 8ILER.
United States Oonsulai'e,
Laguayraj Venezuela.
TARIFF REDUCTIOlf IN VEBfEZUELA.
REPORT BY CONSUL PLUMAOHER, OF MARAOAIBO.
I have the honor to ipclose a copy and translation of the executive
decree of January 26 last, removing the extra import duty of 30 per
cent, upon goods introduced into Venezuela by way of the Antilles.
This measure, in my opinion, shows considerably better judgment than
was displayed in the establishment of this extra imposition, and the
interests of the country at large will be thereby benefited. It will also
affect most favorably the American " Ked D ^ line of steamers, the only
vessels of any importance carrying our flag in these waters. It must
be noted, however, that the animus against Curacao and Trinidad still
exists, as direct importations from those points continue to be weighted
with the additional 30 per cent.
E. H. PLUMAOHER,
i Consul
United States Consulate,
Maracaibo, February 13, 1883.
[Translation.]
The President of the United States of Venezuela, in use of the faculty conceded to
him by article 2, law vi of the treasury code regalating the fiscal laws, and with the
affirmative vote of the federal council, decrees :
Article 1. The products, goods, and merchandise exported from Europe and the
United States to Venezuela, and accompanied with all the documents required by the
costoms laws, may be transshipped in foreign colonies from one vessel to another to
proceed to their destination, and will be considered as arriving directly fh>m the
original points of export.
Art. 2. When, by lack of immediate transport, it may become necessary to disem-
bark the said products, goods, and merchandise in foreign colonies, they may be re-
<>nibarked for Venezuela without being considered as colonial exports, always provided
that, in addition to the consular documents from the port of original dispatch, the
owners or consignees present at the custom-house of the republic \ivhere the goods are
landed, a certificate from the Venezuelan consul in the colony asserting that the said
goods were only there on deposit for lack of vessels to take them to their destination.
Art. 3. The provisions of the foregoing articles will take effect from the 15th of
February next in all the custom-houses of the republic.
Art. 4. The minister of finance is encharged with the execution of this decree.
Signed, sealed, and le£:alized at the federal palace in Caracas, January 26, 1SS3,
19th year of the law and the 24th of the federation.
GUZMAN BLANCO.
Countersigned :
J. P. RojAS Paul,
Minister of Finance,
408 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
BRAZIIi.
TARIFF DIFFICULTIES.
There are also many points of the tariff which mast be well under-
stood to avoid exorbitant duties. For example, articles composed of
two different substances frequently pay on the whole the duty assessed
on wares of the material paying highest duty. Take, for example,
lamps for burning kerosene having a gilded brass collar and fittings.
If imported with the brass work attached they pay duty by weight as
gilded brassware, the glass being weighed as brass, and paying a higher
duty than glass only.
CUSTOMS-REVEHUE STSTEM OF BRAZIL.
REPORT BY CONSUL PRIVTDLB, OF PARA,
A pamphlet containing addresses of some New York merchants, before
the Committee of Ways and Means, advocating certain changes in our
customs-revenue system, having been sent to this office, I very respect-
fally beg to say that it appears to me the custom-house appraisers,
named in one of the addresses, in giving their opinions that consular veri-
fications of invoice are utterly worthless, have overlooked the fact that
there is a shipper's declaration attached to the invoice and verification,
and therefore, if, on examination of the goods at the port of entry, it
shall apx>ear that there is undervaluation, or that the invoice is incor-
rect in any other particular, whereby it is evident that there is design
to defraud the revenue, the shipper has placed himself, over his signa-
ture, in a position from which he cannot extricate himself without pay-
ing the penalty. And, in a consular experience of nearly fourteen years,
I feel satisfied that an appreciation of this fact operates decidedly to
check attempt on the revenue. It is hardly possible that a consul could
inform himself positively of the correctness of an inv^oice, but he, it seems
to me, works in conjunction with the appraiser at home. The consul
holds the shipper, so to speak, while the appraiser examines the goods.
Perhaps the shipper's declaration migrht be improved if to it were
added a clause to the effect that the party signing it acknowledges him-
self to be aware of the penalties attaching to an attempt to defraud the
Government.
The system advocated by the above-named gentlemen in some re-
spects appears to resemble the Brazilian tariff, home valuation being
one of the principal features of the latter also ; and it works here some-
what as follows: The first thing a merchant at this place is suppose to
do on the arrival of an importation of foreign merchandise is, through
his custom-house broker, to buy an appraiser. This accomplished, the
necessary papers, invoice and all, are then made out for the entry of
the goods. It is not probable that an appraiser can always be bought,
but if one-twentieth part of the stories told among the business men of
Para are true the corruption is very great indeed. There is said to
exist an established rule, that of the amount of which the Government
can be defrauded on an importation the broker has one-third, the ap
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 409
praiser one-third, and the importer has the benefit of the other. In
fact, it is the current belief here that all regular importers at this place
have a standing and permanent agreement with their brokers that
whenever the latter can show that a lot of goods has been passed through
at a rate below that which the tariff prescribes, and whereby the Gov-
ernment has been defrauded, his money is earned. And such are the
delays and other peculiar features of the system, difficulties attending
the withdrawal of merchandise from the custom-house, &c., that I feel
quite satisfied such a system could not possibly be endui'ed in our
country.
A member of a house here for which I have verified 61 invoices since
the 1st of January last told me some days ago, in a conversation on
the subject, that his firm did not consider our system burdensome, and
that they had no complaint to make.
It is proposed, also, to make some change in the law on drawback or
debenture certificates, *and I beg to make a few remarks on that subject
also. In countries where vessels are obliged to discharge and load at
anchor some distance from the shore, with guard boats near landings on
which watch is kept night and day, to which all boats passing to and
from the vessels have to report, no doubt, when a customs officer has
inspected the lading of goods on which there is allowance of drawback^
it is tolerably safe to pay such drawback as soon as the vessel has
sailed. But it would seem to be very different in our country, where
vessels discharge and load at the wharves, and where vessels bound to
foreign ports lie side by side with those bound to ports in the United
States, and where, therefore^ it is comparatively easy to change the
destination of goods after being laden.
I think the oaths of the master and mate of the exporting vessel
should be exacted, and that consuls should be more particular than
they are in that part of their duties which relates to these certificates.
At present the manner in which these documents are treated by many
consuls undoubtedly tends to bring the law into contempt. For in-
stance, A, in New York, consigns goods, on which drawback is allowed^
to certain merchants at Para, B, C, D, E, and, perhaps, eight or ten
others, all on one certificate, by the Ocean Wave, which vessel is con-
signed to F. A sends a certificate along, which is made out to G, as
consignee, who has not an item of goods on the certificate, and yet I
found when I came here that it was expected, from long usage I believe,
more than for any other reason, that I would attest that the signature
of G as consignee was true and correct and deserving full faith and
credit. Sometimes the certificates were made out to the consignee of
the vessels, and often he had no goods on it, and sometimes it was
made out to one of the sev^eral consignees. It was customary also to
send these documents to the consulate already signed by the master and
mate, and it was expected that the consul would solemnly attest that
these officers had sworn to them before him, even in cases where the
goods were landed from foreign vessels whose officers he had never
seen.
If I were to attest to the truth of any document of which I knew
nothing, or knew to be untrue, merely to suit my convenience, or in or-
der that I might get along smoothly and easily with everybody, I should
think I ought to ask myself where this sort of thing might be likely to
stop.
Some shippers in the United States who ship merchandise to many
different parts of the world, finding that a consul at; one place will cer-
tify freely to such certificates as I have described, and at another a con-
410 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
snl who will not act as though they regarded the circamstance as very
remarkable, and make pretense of great indignation toward those who,
knowing how a thing should be done, require it to be done so. Bat, so
far as my experience goes, the value of the goods covered by these cer-
tificates is generally small; in many of those coming to this port less
than $100, on some as low as $10 and $15, and is rarely as high as
$2,000, $3,000, and $4,000.
It woula appear, then, that the fee in many cases is very large. I
respectfully beg, therefore, to suggest that the law be so altered as to
admit that in cases where there are several consignees combined in one
certificate the consul may verify such certificate, provided each of such
parties sign the consignee's declaration, the whole for a single fee, this
sometimes being allowed, as see note on page 78 of the Consular Regu-
lations, or, say, 50 cents for each additional consignee after the first.
The foregoing is with great deference submitted.
A. C. PRINDLB.
United States Consulate,
Faraj Brazil.
BEAZniAS DUTIES Olf CAmTED PROVISIOlf S.
The high duties levied by the Government on canned provisions are
almost prohibitory, and salmon, lobsters, oysters, and condensed milk,
which used to enter largely into every assortment imported, are no
longer included t<o any extent. On the other hand, there are always
quantities smuggled into the place, so that the policy of the Govern-
ment, without even the merit of being protective, as no such goods are
put up here, is actually detrimental to the revenue.
BRAZILIAN TARTFP Olf IMPORTS.
I have previously stated that the " 50 per cent, additional" on all im-
port duties has been raised to "60 per cent."
In order to show at a glance how burdensome the Brazilian tariff is
on our trade, I give below a statement of goods such as are commonly
imported or which could be imported conveniently from the United
States, with the present rate of customs duty, in money of the United
States, on each article. The rate of duty includes the warehouse charge,
which applies to all goods except kerosene, fresh fruits, and a very few
other articles :
Duties on articles of subsistance.
Wheat flour per barrel.. fO 64
Maize !-- per hundred pounds. . 15
Pork do 09
Lard do 04
Hams do 08
Bacon do 13
Butter do II
Chcefle do 09
Fresh fruits do 15
Preserved do 10
Whisky per gallon.. 1 65
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 411
Duties an cotton manufactures.
Unbleached cotton cloth per ponnd. . $0 12
Shirting do 20
Calicoes do.... 37
Duties on hardware.
Fence wire per pound.. $0 02
Axes, hatchets, spades, hoes, picks, and tools for masons. . per hundred pounds. . 15
Carpenters' and joiners' tools do 45
Duties on miscellaneous goods,
Kerosene :
Per case 64 pounds net $1 30
Or per ponnd 02
Linmber, per cubic meter (1.3 cubic yards) .' 3 54
Men's boots and shoes, per pair 1 10
Platform scales, each capacity 220 poands 5 55
Platform scales, each caoacity 11,000 pounds 69 00
"Watches and clocks, each 1 00
Pianos, in common use, each 33 50
It will be seen from the above that the duty imposed on several nec-
essaries, such as butter, cheese, pork, and bacon, exceeds their original
cost. To illustrate what a heavy tax has to be paid on a single cargo,
I would state that an American sailing ship which arrived here from
Boston in the latter part of the month, loaded with apples and ice, paid
into the custom-house in duties the sum of $7,330. The duties on 2,400
barrels of apples and 31 barrels of pears amounted to $6,000.
I submit that important reductions of duties on imports from the
United States should be demanded in consideration of the latter contin-
uing to admit coffee from Brazil free of duty. We also admit free of
daty India rubber, cocoa, and cabinet wood of Brazil.
In my special report of November* 23 1 had the honor to call attention
to the import duties which several European countries collect on coffee:
[England, 3 cents a pound ; Germany, 4^ cents ; Austria-Hungary, 7 cents ;
Italy, 10 cents ; and France, 14 cents a pound, while for several years
the United States has admitted it free of duty. Not only does Brazil
tax excessively the goods imported from the United States, but she also
collects an export tax amounting to nearly $2,500,000 a year on the
coffee which she sells to the United States.
AMERICAN TRADE WITH BRAZIL.
REPORT BY CONSUL PRINDLE ON THE TRADE OF PARA WITH BRAZIL AND ON THE
BEST METHODS FOR THE ENLARGEMENT THEREOF.
Trade between the United States and this part of Brazil appears to be
increasing it is true, but the imports from the United States, showing,
as they do, a volume so much below the exports thereto, are still very
far from satisfactory, and, in my opinion, the cause lies mostly with our
own people. When I arrived in Para some two years ago two American
firms had just commenced business here under, apparently, the most
favorable auspices. Many of our merchants and manufacturers at home
stood ready to make large consignments to them, and, in fact, large
shipments were made to them at the outset, but the returns being very
unsatisfactory, and continuing so, both firms were obliged to wind up
their business, and went out of existence in about eighteen months from
412 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
the date of opening, leaving bat one hoose which accounts itself Ameri-
can in Pank The main cause of the non-succesH of these firms, I con-
sider to have been lack of a knowledge of the language of the country.
There is great competition here among the English, German, and Portu-
guese merchants, &c., and the mercantile business of the place presents
many peculiar features, which absolutely requires time for a foreigner,
particularly it appears to me for an American, to become acquainted with.
The peculiarities of the Brazilian tariff also, and the methods and cus-
toms in vogue at the custom-house here, and the losses oftentimes sus-
tained by mistakes in violating some customs regulations, or by not
knowing how to have merchandise manufactured and packed so as to
be admitted at the lowest rate of duty, and, also, so as to avoid fines
and penalties, operate very discouragingly on a beginner, and when to
these is added ignorance of the language of the people, the discourage-
ment is very greatly increased.
I would not advise any American to attempt business in Brazil with-
out first acquiring a good knowledge of the Portuguese language, for it
is really an indispensable necessity in order to succeed.
I consider that the establishment of American commercial houses in
Brazil would do more toward increasing our trade with this people than
could be accomplished by any other means. Undoubtedly in the course
of time we shall be much more numerously represented here than we
are at pre^sent, but the process must, I think, be very slow unless there
shall be a change of tactics. There appears to be but few American
clerks in Brazil, even in American houses, and in this, so far as my
knowledge extends, American merchants differ much from British and
German, whose clerks are generally of their own nationality. I believe if
a number of young Americans of good character and business ability, and
well up in the Portuguese language, could manage, to obtain positions
in sound commercial houses in each of the principle cities on the coast
of Brazil, in due time they would make their influence greatly felt in our
trade. But to go to work the other way, that is, establish, get out a
stock of merchandise, invite consignments, &c., and then begin to learn
the language and the business methods of the people, is to put both
capital and credit to extraordinary risks, most generally fatal to success,
as results have shown.
A. C. PEINDLE,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Faruy October, 1880.
EXPORT DUTT Olf BRAZILIAN COFFEE.
REPORT BY MINISTER OSBORN.
August 16, 1883.
On May 1, 1872, the rate of export duty on coffee, as fixed by the im-
perial Government, was 9 per cent, ad valorem. This rate was estab-
lished by act of September 26, 1867, and so remained until the 30th of
October last, when it was reduced by Parliament to 7 per cent., at which
figure it now stands. An additional export duty of 4 per cent, is col-
lected by the province in which the coffee is grown. This rate pre-
vailed May 1, 1872, and has continued unchanged.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 413
TABIFF CHANGES DT BEAZU.
REPORT BY MINISTER OSBORX, OF RIO JANEIRO.
In my dispatch No. 14, dated February 25 last, I called attention to
the fact that there was pendiDg in the House of Deputies a bill for the
redaction of the tax upon coffee to 3 per cent. This measure failed to
pass; but there was afterwards introduced a bill reducing the export
duties on coffee, sugar, cotton, and mat^ 2 per cent., and increasing the
import duties on all articles taxed 10 per cent, which bill parsed both
houses and received the imperial sanction, and went into operation on
the 9th instant.
EFFECT OP TARIFF CHANOE ON COFFEE.
•
The effect on the coffee market was very great, as it gave to those
who were holding coffee in foreign markets and to those who had ship-
ped just prior to the 9th the disiulvantage of competing with those who
had the benefit of the reduction.
As the margin of profit on coffee is very small, the difference of 2 per
cent, must entail great losses to the large shippers who were caught
with heavy stocks.
The planters complain that with this reduction even they will meet
with immense losses on this year's crop, as the yield is enormous, and
the foreign markets being overstocked the selling price is kept low. In
some instances planters are gathering but part of a crop, as they say
it will not pay to transport it to the market.
The former Government tax on coffee exported was 9 per cent., to
which was added a provincial tax of 4 per cent., making a total of 13
per cent. The Government tax is now 7 per cent, and the provincial
remains unchanged.
The price of cuffee is lower than it has been for many years.
The increase of 10 per cent, in the import duties will of course come
out of the pocket of the consumer.
I inclose an article on both subjects taken from the Bio News of the
^th instant.
THOMAS A. OSBOEN,
Minister.
Legation of the United States,
RU) de Janeiro^ November 15, 1882.
[From the Kio News, November 6, 1882.]
The new additional tax of 10 per cent, on imports, together with the increase in
warehouse charges and the reduction of 2 per cent, in the export duties on coffee,
sugar, cotton, and mat^, are to go into execution on the 9th instant. On and after
that date the additional tax on the schedule ratfs will he 60 instead of 50 per cent.
The new rates for the customs warehouses will he one-half pet cent, for the first
month which will be collected on all entries, whether they remain in the custom-
house or not. For two months the tax will be 1 per cent, per month ; for three
months, 1^ per cent, per month; and for periods exceeding three months, 2 per cent,
per month, or 24 per cent, per annum — the tax being levied upon the duties imposed
upon the goods. The effect of these laws can be no other than the restriction of im-
|K>rtation. The mercantile classes will be obliged to import on shorter time and to
414 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAX COUNTRIES.
carry lighter stocks, for the simple reason that the increased duties and warehouse
taxes will increase the cost of goods to Just that extent, with a consequent increase
in the amount of capital tied up in stock. Of course these increased taxes will be
met by either an increase in the prices on goods or an equivalent decrease in the
quality of the goods. In either case the consumer will pay the tax and suffer the
hardships. The loss to the mercantile classes will sprine from the restrictions upon
business and decreased consumption. These are simply tne elementary factors in this
problem of taxation, but they seem to be as yet but little understood in parliament
and in the GoYemment. They have yet to learn the mysterious workings of a tax
upon middlemen. In the matter of the reduction in the export taxes on coffee, sug^ar,
cotton, and mat^, the step is one in the right direction, and should be hailed with
pleasure. After the 9th the general export tax on coffee will be 7 instead of 9 per
cent., the provincial tax of 4 per cent, remaining unchanged.
EXPORT DUTIES OE BRAZIL.
REPORT BY CONSUL-GENERAL ANDREWS,
In compliance with the Department's circular letter of 15th February
Ia8t, received April 11, I now beg to inclose a table of the export
duties of Brazil.
The peculiarity of these duties is that they are levied by each of the
twenty separate provinces of Brazil as well as by the Imperial Govern-
ment. I began the collection of the information necessary for this table
in April, but soon found that it would be necessary for me to write to
the different consular officers of the United States in Brazil to ascer-
tain the duties levied by their respective provinces. This naturally has
occasioned delay ; and in respect to two consular agencies I have as yet
received no reply whatever. Perhaps I might properly repeat here the
remark of the consul at Pernambuco, writing me under date of the 25th
instant, in regard to certain agencies subordinate to his consulate. He
says:
The fact is that these agencies are so poorly paid that the holders do not care to
keep them, or rather will not trouble themselves.
As also the United States have consular officers in only thirteen of
the twenty provinces of Brazil, and as the rate of provincial duties
could not be furnished me at the department of finance, it has been
with no little trouble that I have procured full information except as to
two rather unimportant provinces.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE IMPERIAL AND PROVINCIAL EXPORT DUTIES
OF BRAZIL; ALSO NAMES; LATITUDE, AND LEADING EXPORTS OF
THE DIFFERENT PROVINCBS.
Imperial duties. — As will be seen by the accompanying table, the rate
of export duties collected for the empire is 9 per ceut. ad valorem on
ten different articles, including Brazil nuts, Brazil wood, cacao, hides^
rubber, spirits, and tobacco ; 7 per cent, on coffee, wool, and matt6-tea,
and 5 per cent, on most of the other important exports, including flour
of mandioca, from which tapioca is largely produced.
Provincial duties. — Every province of Brazil, whether maritime or
interior, collects a separate duty of generally about 4 or 5 per cent, on
its exx>orts, and in some instances, as will be seen further along, a muni-
cipal tax is added. Indirect taxation is the popular system of raising
revenue in this country. There is no direct taxation of land. The tax is
collected on the products of the land when they are exported.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 415
The constitutional right of the provinces to levy export taxes appears
to be recognized. On the other hand, it is not considered constitntional
for them to levy import taxes, though they attempted unsuccessfully to
do so a year or two ago.
The imperial and provincial export duties together, in some respects,
constitute a heavy tax on goods exported to the United States. It is
true the bulk of the coffee exported from Brazil to the United States
goes from this port [Bio], and the export duty on such i8 7 per cenL
for the empire and 4 per cent for theprovince^ in all^ 11 per cent The
same rates of duty are collected on what is sent from the next largest
coffee-shipping port, Santos, province of San Paulo. Considerable
coffee is also exported from Bahia and Gear4, and as the export tax
thereon for each province is 7 per cent., the full rate, including the im-
perial tax, is 14 per cent on coffee exportedfrom those provinces. So^ on the
article of rubber, which is principally exported from the two provmces of
Amazonas and Grao Par4, there is laid in the first-mentioned province a
provincial tax of 12 per cent., and in the last-mentioned province a pro-
vincial export tax of 13 per cent., to each of which must be added the
imperial rate of 9 per cent.
PROVINOES.
Alagods. — Latitude, 9^ to 10^ south. Exports, cotton, sugar, and hides.
Amount of provincial export duties per year, $155,700. The total amount
of duties in respect to this and the lollowing provinces should be under-
stood as the amount of provincial export duties for the latest year re-
ported, the returns not being all for the same year.
AriKizons. — Latitude, from 5° north to 1(P south of equator. Principal
exports, rubber, cacao, Brazil nuts, and medicinal plants. In addition
to provisional export tax is a municipal tax of 2 per cent, on all exports.
Annual amount of provincial export duties, $421,992.
Bahia, — Latitude, 10° to 18° south. Principal exports, sugar, coffee,
pi assava or broom fiber, cacao, hides, diamonds, tobacco, Brazil wood,
spirits.
Ceard. — Latitude, 3° to 8° south. Principal exports cotton, coffee,
sugar, hides, horns, rubber, spirits. There is an additional municipal
export tax of 4 cents on each hide and 28 cents on each 100 pounds of
rubber. Annual amount of duties, $117,600.
Espirito Santo, — Latitude, 18® to 21® south. Principal exports, coffee,
sugar, lumber. The provincial export duty of this province on coffee
is at the rate of 17 reis per hilo, amounting to, say, 42 cents per bag.
On sugar, 10 reis per hilo, being about 20 cents per 100 pounds. On
rosewood, 84 cents per log, and 42 cents per piece for smaller dimen-
sions. For naval timbers $4.20 per ma^t, and 42 cents per plank. An-
nual duties, $86,868.
Ooyaz. — Latitude, from 6® to 19® south. Large interior province.
Principal exports, products of stock-raising and Brazil wood. Export
duty on products of agriculture is 6 per cent.; on tobacco about 1 cent
per pound. Annual duties, $33,147.
Ordo Fard. — Latitude, 3^ north to 9^ south of equator. Principal
exports, rubber, sugar, cacao, Brazil nuts, hides, and Peruvian bark.
There is an additional municipal export duty of 5 reis per hilo on rubber,
or, say, 10 cents per 100 pounds. Also there is a provincial export duty
of $4 per head on cattle. The export duty on Peruvian bark, if any,
was not reported. Annual amount of duties, $723,216.
416 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Maranham. — Latitude, 19 to 9^ soath. PriDcipal exports, cotton, sugar,
hides, balsam copaiba. Annual duties, $78,834.
MattO'Orosso, — Latitude, 9^ to 23^ south. Very large inland province
on southwestern frontier. Principal export is wool. Annual duties,
$14,668.
MinaS'Oeras. — Latitude, 14© to 21o south. Principal exports, coffee,
cotton, tobacco, and cattle. The 4 per cent, duty on coffee is coUectea
at the railway and other depots of transportation. The provincial ex-
port duty on other products and goods varies from 3 to 6 per cent.
Annual amount of duties, $539,700.
Parahyba. — Latitude, 6^o to 7^^ south. Exports, cotton, sugar, and
hides, considerable of which is through Pemambuco. Amount of du-
ties, $106,388.
Farand. — Latitude, 23° to 26° south. Principal export is matte-tea.
Annual amount of duties, $58,800.
Pemambuco. — Latitude, 7^° to 9^ south. Principal export, sugar,
cotton, hides, spirits, coffee. There is an additional export duty of 5
cents for the benefit of charitable institution ; also 4 per cent, on each
cotton bag if made out of the province in which sugar is exported.
Piauhy. — Latitude, 2^ to 10^ south. Exports, cotton, and sometimes
mandioca and rice. The rate of provincial export duties may be as-
sumed as about the same as in Maranham or Geard, which adjoin it.
Annual amount of duties, $20,659.
Rio de Janiero. — Latitude, 21° to 23° south. Principal exports, cof-
fee, cotton, sugar, spirits, hides, tobacco. Annual amount of (provincial)
export duties, $1,042,256.
Rio Orande do Norte. — Latitude, 5° to 6Jo south. Principal exports,
cotton and sugar. Annual amount of duties, $69,570, and the rate may
be taken about the same as in the adjoining province of Geard.
Rio Orande do Sul. — Latitude, 27© to 32^ south. Principal exports,
hides, hair, wool, tobacco, and matte-tea. Annual amount of duties,
$406,792.
Santa Catharina. — Latitude, 26^ to 29^ south. Gonsidered a remark-
ably salubrious province. Principal exports, mandioca, cotton, maize,
rice, and beans. Annual amount of duties, $51,911.
San Paulo. — Latitude, 20° to 24P south. Province of the most diver-
sified agriculture. Principal exports, coffee, cotton, and wool. There
is an "additional'^ duty of 80 reis, say, 4 cents, per bag of coffee. On
all other articles 4 per cent, and 20 per cent, "additional." Annual
amount of duties, $692,246.
Sergipe. — Latitude, lO^ to 11 Jo south. Principal exports, cotton and
fiugar. In addition to the duties stated in the table, the following are
collected for hospitals: 1 cent on each bag of sugar, 1 "real" on each
kilogram of cotton, 1 cent on each hide, and 34 cents on each pipe of
spirits. Annual amount of duties, $195,966.
I am, sir,
G. G. ANDREWS,
Consul' OeneraL
United States Gonsulate-Genebal,
Bio de Janeiro^ August 31, 1883.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 417
UNITED STATES OP COIiOMBIA.
TARIFF OF THE UHTTED STATES OF COLOKBIA
BBPOBT BT CONSUL SMITH, OF OARTJEAeSNA.
FIRST GLASS.
Free.
1. Altars, chapels, and organs for churches.
2. Apparatas for gas-lighting and prodncing it.
3. Arms and munitions of war that may be imported for the nse of
the constitutional governments of the states.
4. Hice, corn, potatoes, onions, lentils, sweet potatoes, chick peas,
l>ean8, and all classes of vegetables and fresh fruits.
5. The following article intended for packing and filling with liquids:
demijohns, large bottles, bottles large and smtQl, flasks either of clay or
glass, the common stafi^* made of hemp or heniqnen, tarred or antarred
water-proof paper used for packing.
6. Marble and jasper, flat paving stones.
7. Pipes for public aqueducts of districts.
8. Baggage of passengers not to exceed one hundred kilograms for
each person ; provided, however, the goods contained in it are for their
personal use and that they are presented by them at the custom-house
at the time of entry into Colombian territory. For any excess over the
one hundred kilograms, 60 cents for each additional kilogram is charged.
9. Kough iron, ainc in sheets, materials composed of wire and iron to
be used in the construction of bridges and prison houses ; public clocks
for the districts; materials and apparatus for public fountains.
10. Printed books of any class.
11. Machinery [notf] exceeding 1,000 kilograms in weight.
12. Any machinery, no matter what its weight, that may be imported
for mining and agricultural purposes.
13. Sewing machines and their annexes, like crimping machines, &c.
14. Machines and their appurtenances for preparing coffee, imported
totally or partially, the galvanized wire cloth for stoves, iron pipes, the
fans and fanning apparatus, the iron roofs, and in general all goods and
tools applicable for cofl'ee machines.
15. Gold coins (lawful) not below the standard of those coined by the
nation.
16. Monuments, statues, and iron rails intended for ornamentation of
public buildings and squares.
17. Expressed juice of barley or other fermented or unfermented mat-
ter, either liquid or solid, intended for brewing purposes and the con-
densed beer.
18. Samples in small pieces, when their total weight does not exceed
25 kilograms.
19. Iron works that may be imported for the prison house of the State
of Gundinamarca and for all the other state prisons in the republic.
20. Straw for making hats.
21. Lightning-rods, plows, and fire-engines.
22. Silver in bars and silver coins of 0.900 fine.
23. Filtering stones.
1784 CONG— A P 27
418 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
24. Lead in ingots, and quicksilver for mining purposes.
25. Presses, materials, and implements for printing offices, and for
book-binders and lithographers,, including ink, blank paper, and paste-
boards, for such purposes.
26. Iron bridges of any shape.
27. Subcarbonate of potash.
28. Subcarbonate of soda.
29. Implements and materials intended for establishing, sustaining,
and improving public lighting.
30. Wine known as common claret like that produced at Catalonia, Bor-
deaux, &c., imported iu barrels, casks, and demijohns.
31. Belates to building materials that may be imported into the State
of Magdalena for erection of houses, &c., in said state.
SPECIAL GLASS.
The following articles under this head enter also/re^ of import duties:
1. Wire for iences, staples for same, stretchers to fix it.
2. Live animals.
3. All articles imported for account of national government, whatever
its nature be.
4. The following articles intended for packing : Empty barrels, casks,
and hogsheads, erected or in pieces; common and rough wooden boxes
in pieces, skillets for match-boxes and the sticks to make them.
5. Vessels erected or in pieces that may be imported to navigate the
interior waters of Colombia.
6. Mineral coal.
7. Goods for the personal use of public ministers and diplomatic agents
of foreign countries accredited near the Government of Colombia, pro-
vided the same courtesy is extended by their respective countries, and
that the usual formalities are observed.
8. Wood or iron houses in pieces. The windows, doors, &c., when
coming alone, belong to the second class of the tariff (5 cents per kilo-
gram).
9. Goods and implements that may be imported for the use of the
Charity Hospital at Barranquilla, and its annexed free school for girls.
10. Hay and down, unmanufactured*
11. Ice, phosphates, seeds and shoots of plants.
12. Printed matter and labels or advertisements, with or without
frames.
13. Printing machinery and materials imported for account of state
governments.
14. Lumber for building purposes, such as beams, ties, boards, &c.
15. Machinery and apparatus applicable to the construction, im-
provement, and preservation of roads; for opening and sustaining
canals for navigation ; wagons, implements, and materials intended ex-
clusively for railroads, and the materials for the construction of electric
telegraphs.
16. Powdered marble, clay, cement, lime, rough or powdered, plaster
of Paris, chalk, feldspar, silt, massicot, kaolin, powdered bone, and
any other substance for the manufacture of earthenware.
17. Building materials, such as rough stones, clay, bricks, clay or
stone paving.
18. Motors of any class or power, and machinery for industrial and
mining enterprises.
19. Plants of any kind.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 419
20. Potash or caustic soda, the ashes and salts of soda, the rosin,
crude tallow, and pressed tallow unmanufactured.
21. Clothing for charitable institutions that may be under the inspec-
tion of public authority, and all the implements for same, and also goods
for the personal use of the " Sisters of Charity ^ that may be employed
at said institutions.
22. Natural products of Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, and other nations
to which such exemption has been or may be granted under agreement
of reciprocity by public treaties.
23. Tiles in any form and of any matter, including shingles, roofing
slate, galvanized sheet iron, and zinc for roofs.
24. Uniforms for the police at Bogota and for the chiefs and officers
of the Colombian army.
25. Implements, apparatus, and other goods imported by the states
for public primary and secondary instruction.
26. All implements, materials, apparatus, machinery, ships, and im-
plemeuts for erecting and repairing them, and, in general, anything
imported for the navigation and the improvement of the Upper Mag-
dalena.
27. Materials, tools, implements, and other articles imported by the
company of the San Buenaventura road, in the State of Santander, in-
tended for the construction and service of the railroad that will com-
municate the city of San Jos6 de Cucuta and the port of Yillamizar on
the river Zulia.
28. Goods about which exemption is obligatory in virtue of special
stipulations in contracts entered into with the Government, among
which are the following :
Materials imported for the construction and working of the Antioquia
railroad line up to five years after the work is completed and in public
service; materials for the construction and working of the railroad from
Buenaventura Bay up to the river Cauca for the shops, &c., during the
construction of the load and up to five years after it is completed, as
well as the provisions and medicines and other goods this enterprise
may require on the works. Among these exemptions must be included
the merchandise exempted from import duties due to the franchise at
several free ports of the Isthmus of Panama, the Archipelago of San
Andres, and on the western region of the republic.
SECOND CLASS.
Pays 5 cents per kilogram,
1. Sulphuric acid.
2. Gb^rlic.
3. Unprepared food, like cod-fish, pickled beef, hams not in tins, soup-
paste and the like, nuts, &c.
4. Unprepared food not mentioned in the first class.
6. Tar.
6. The necessary apparatus and materials either of iron, copper, steel,
bronze, or wood for duplicating and repairing vessels navigating the
rivers and lakes of the Colombian territory, and for the iron bridges,
wharves, land slides, electric telegraph, railroads, and for cleaning the
canals, harbors, and ports.
7. Quicksilver, tin, and solder in bars, and tin caps for bottles.
8. Sugar.
9. Wooden buckets, hampers, or trays.
420 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
10. Scales in which more than a hundred kilograms can be weighed
at a time.
11. Hydraulic pumps, with their respective pipes and fittings.
12. Common pitch, applicable in the construction of vessels.
13. Bope and rigging only appUcable for the use of all kinds of, ves-
sels.
14. Cast-iron pots.
15. Cars and coaches of any description, without harness.
IG. Black wax.
17. Beer or ale, in barrels, bottles, &c., and all classes of wines, ex-
cepting the common claret already mentioned in the first class.
18. Copper in sheets of any weight.
19. Crucibles.
20. Brooms, reed-mace, and mats.
21. Oakum, rope-yarn, and felt packing.
22. Iron manufactured into sheets or in small rods, not mentioned in
tje first class (rough iron), in bedsteads, in curry-combs, and in big
chains, in safes; nails; kitchenfuruiture, tinned or untinned: large and
bulky tools for agriculture, stone-cutting, and mining, sucn as hoes^
picks, axes, bars, large axes, augers, machete, shovels, big hammers^
drilling apparatus, and tin or tinned irou sheets.
23. Flour made from wheat or any other grain, tapioca, and arrow
root.
24. Tools for blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, stone-cutters, shoe-
makers, saddlers, silversmiths, tinsmiths, and miners.
25. Bone, not in powder, and unmanufactured horn.
26. Common or ordinary rosin or tallow soap.
27. Jasper and lithography stones, filtering stones, and flint.
28. Earthenware in crates and barrels.
29. Hops and cork.
30. Iron hoops for wheels, car- wheels, axles, springs, and cones.
31. Wooden cocks for casks and barrels.
32. Machinery, the total weight of which does not exceed 1,000 kilo- '
grams.
33. Wicks for lamps, candles, &c.
34. Common straw and reeds not manufactured.
35. Colored paper used for printing purposes.
36. Wrapping paper.
37. Tanned and untanned skins not manufactured.
38. Iron rammers imported for mining purposes.
39. Slates and slate pencils.
40. Unmanufactured lead.
41. Gunpowder for mines, and fuses for same.
42. Wooden doors, windows, rails, blinds, balusters, pipes and pillars,
or of auy other matter for buildings, gardens, cemeteries, &c.
43. Tower clocks, including the dials and bells.
44. Wooden oars.
45. Hemp or canvas bags, or bags of other texture coarser than can-
vas, for packing export products.
46. Empty hemp, flax, or heniquen bags, tarred or untarred, with or
without water-proof paper.
47. Saltpeter and nitric salt.
48. Empty earthen and other jarsfor packing.
49. Varnished hemp cloth for country houses and bridges.
50. Colored cement for building.
51. Writing ink.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 421
52. Wooden, earthen, metal, and clay pipes, hose and gutters for
pumps, canals and roofs, life buoys, and manufactured rubber for ma-
cliinery and floors, excepting hose for fire-engines.
53. Plain glass, without mercury.
Anvils, blocks, and iron motors, tarred rope, and large bellows for
forges.
THIRD GLASS.
Pays a duty of 20 cents per kilogram.
1. Steel bars or rods for manufacturing purposes and drilling ma-
chines.
2. " Florida,'' " Dirina,'' and Elananga waters.
3. Alabaster in any shape.
4. Prepared food, like salmon, hams in tins, &c., sweetmeats, pre-
served fruits, &c., pickles, and all classes of seasoning.
5. Anise-seed.
G. Harness for coaches and carts.
7. Sulphur and alum.
8. Common glue, varnishes, brushes, blacking, powdered and prepared
paints and linseed oil.
9. Scales in which up to 100 kilograms can be weighed at a time.
10. Trunks made from any material.
11. Common bone, x)orcelain, rubber and wooden buttons, without any
cover. #
12. Any bone buttons.
13. Pitch, not mentioned in any other class.
14. Candles, of any quality, and oil soap.
15. Color boxes and pencils.
16. Flax, or cotton manufactured into reins, fishing lines, rigging,
packing thread, and flax canvas.
' 17. Flax rope, not mentioned in any other class, and cotton canvas.
18. Pasteboard of any kind, except in playing cards, which pertain
to the fifth class.
19. Boot and horse brushes.
20. Osier baskets.
21. Unmanufactured copper, copper pans, or any other article made
of copper weighing more than 25 kilograms. (See Ko. 18 of second
class.)
22. Cork in boards.
23. Crystal and glass in any form not mentioned in another class,
not in jewelry and bugles, in which form it belongs to the fifth class.
24. Drugs and medicines, comprising saffron, powdered mustard, the
alkalies, and salts of.
25. Small looking-glasses up to 25 centimeters.
26. Stearine, sperm, white and yellow wax in cakes.
27. Iron manufactured into wire, rings, hinges, and screws.
28. Woodeu matches.
29. Bellows of any kind excepting the large ones, which pertain to
the second class.
30. Uncovered trees and bows for saddles.
31. Flax thread for shoemakers, bristles, eyelets, metal nails and
screws, and flax in ribbons and girths.
32. Tools for arts and industries not specified, comprising lasts, meas-
ures, &c., of any matter, and the elastic cloth.
33. Images for churches and chapels, statues and busts of any kind.
422 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
34. Mathematical and surgical iDStruments.
35. Musical instruments (not toys).
36. Liquids of any class, except perfumery pertaining to the fifth
<)la8s.
37. Earthenware of any shape and matter, except that coming in
crates and barrels, and the uncovered buttons.
38. Marble and Jasper, not in paving stones or bricks, nor in lithog-
raphy stones ; the frames, moldings, and ornaments for furniture, and
wooden veneers ; organs not intended for churches.
39. Furniture of all classes with the exception of looking-glasses,
which belong to the fourth class of the tariff, and the mattresses, cush-
ions and other luxury ; ornaments coming alone correspond to the class
to which the principal matter of which they are made belongs; the cover
of said ornaments is considered to be the principal matter of which they
are made.
40. Paper for writing, marble^ for hangings, gilt, silvered, and in any
other form not mentioned.
41. Combs for horses.
42. Petroleum, kerosene or mineral oil, and naphtha.
43. Lead manufactured in any form excepting in toys, which belong
to the fourth class, and in ingots intended for mining purposes, which
belong to the first class.
44. TobaC'CO in leaf, and chewing tobacco.
45. Common cloth, prepared or varnished, for fioors, and common oil-
cloth for coaches ; oilcloth for table covers oelongs to the fifth class.
46. Stationery, not mentioned herein before.
47. Gypsum or plaster of Paris in any form, except that mentioned
in No. 16, of special class.
48. Unmanufactured zinc.
FOURTH CLASS.
Pays 40 cents per Mlogram.
1. Manufactured steel not mentioned in any other place, nor in jew-
elry, which belongs to the fifth class.
2. Cotton, manufactured in white and colored thread and in any form,
in blue fulas (a sort of thin, common cloth of a dark-blue color), in
white or unbleached plain cloths without embroidery, sewing, or colors
like those known as "domestics," "calico,'' "lencillo,'' "shirtings,'^ and
the like, excepting muslins, drills, and lawns, figured cloths, socks, caps,
undershirts, ready-made articles.
3. Arms of any class.
4. Bronze, manufactured in any form.
5. Crude and manufactured rubber in any form, except in cloths and
jewelry, which belongs to the fifth class, and elastic boots, which be-
longs to the third class. (For rubber prepared for machinery and for
floors and in pipes or hose, see No. 52 of the second class.)
6. Copper, manufactured in any form, except in jewelry and in caps
for fire-arms (which belong to the fifth class), and in forms not men-
tioned in any of the above classes.
7. Hunting guns.
8. Looking-glasses measuring more than 25 centimeters.
9. Tin in any form^ except solder in bars.
10. Manufactured iron, in forms not designated in any other class.
Wax matches.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 42S
12. Toys, inolading perambolators, and velocipedes, and gymnastia
goods.
13. Paints and portraits of any class and matter.
14. Blank books, ruled or unruled, and pocket-books.
15. Wood, paste, rubber, zinc, and any other metal in forms not des*
ignated before, not in jewelry, and in caps for fire-arms.
16. Implements, materials, and machinery for photographers.
17. Written music. Printed music belongs to the first class.
18. Gunpowder, not mentioned in another class nor in fireworks, in
which form they belong to the fifth class.
19. Clock.
20. Tea.
21. Flax cloths and thread, white or colored, not hereinbefore men-
tioned.
22. Implements, machinery, and materials for dentists.
23. Sporting implements not previously mentioned.
FIFTH GLASS.
Pays 60 eenU per kilogram.
1. Arms and munitions of war, fine flax cloths, like white or striped
jeans, long lawns, &c., as well as ^^guingas" imitating linen or cotton
<doths of a similar width.
2. Spirits like brandy, cognac, rum, gin, whisky, &c.
3. ^1 articles not excepted in the preceding articles, and those not
mentioned as belonging to them.
SPECIAL CLASS.
1. Salt, the duties of which are 60 cents for import on each 12^ kilo-
grams.
2. Boots for men, ready-made clothing, excepting socks, undershirts,
and drawers, wooden furniture of any kind, and manufactured saddlery
goods, on which there is an extra tax of 25 per cent, on the total duties
calculated as fifth class of the tariff.
W. P. SMITH,
OomuL
United States Oonsulate,
OarthagenOj Novemoer 1, 1882.
424 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL C0UNTBIE8.
ARGEKTIKB RBPUBIilC.
TABIFF 07 THE ABGEHTIHE BEPXFBLIG— 1881.
REPORT BY CONSUL BAKER, OF BUENOS ATRES.
The following is a trauslation of the Argentine tariff for the year 1881.
which I transmit to the Department of State as a matter of general
interest to those trading witb this republic.
CUSTOM-HOUSE LAW.
Articlk I. All foreign mercbandise shall pay a dnty of 25 per cent, upon its valua-
tion, except the following articles, to wit:
Ist. Fire-arn:8, powder, and all other munitions of war, which shall pay a duty of
50 per cent.
2d, Alcohol, beer, liquors, playing cards, boots and shoes, ready-made clothing, and
confections in geueral, hats, ornaments, harness, carriages, perfumery, tobacco, cigars
of all kinds, snuff, wines, arms and fixtures, and powder for other purposes than war,
matches, fire-works, furniture, and objects of art, which shall pay a duty of 40 per
cent.
3d. Sack-cloth ; iron, not galvanized, in plates, bars, ingots or hoops ; steam engines;
white pine and spruce (unworked), aud coarse salt, which shall pay a dnty of 10 per
cent.
4th. Stone coal, with the exception of that used for the mauufacture of gas: jewelry ;
worked gold and silver; silk thread and fringe; every instrument or uuteusil Laving a
handle or adorned with gold or silver, when these increase its value one-third; plows;
telegraph and fencing wire; staves and casks: printed books in paper, pasteboard, or
cloth, without gold edges; printing materials, with the exception of types; white
printing paper; lithographic presses; threshing machines and separators; which shall
pay a duty of 5 per cent.
5th. Precious stones unset, which shall pay a duty of 2 per cent.
6th. A duty of $1.75 for each 100 kilograms of wheat, and of 4 cents for each kilo-
ffram of flour, and the same duty for com aud corn-meal ; a duty of 25 cents for each
Kilogram of tea; of 8 cents for each kilogram of cofifee; of 5 cents for each kilogram
of starch; of 5 cents for each kilogram of yerba (Paraguayan tea); of 7 cents for each
kilogram of maccaroni; and of 9 cents for each kilogram of crackers or biscuits.
Art. II. The introduction of the following articles shall be free of duty, viz : Ma-
chinery for industrial establishments or steamboats; blooded animals for breeding
purposes; fresh fish; fresh fruit ; furniture and tools of immigrants; gold and silver
coined or in bullion; live plants; iron rails; benches; cross-ties; spikes; switches;
turn-tables; locomotives ana wheels for railways or tramways; iron pipes (unpaint'Ca
and un^alvanized) for gas or water which have at least 70 millimeters diameter;
ouick-silver ; frames for casks ; drills and special powder for mines; seeds which iu
the opinion of the executive are iutended for agricultural pur]x>8es; specifics for cur-
ing sheep ; church adornments asked tor by ecclesiastics.
Art. III. Every class of products and, manufactures shall be free from export duty
except the following, viz: Animal oil; horns and horn-piths; jerked beef; bone
ashes; hair; hide-cuttings; tallow and suet; bones; unwtwhed wool; all kind of
skins, with the exception of washed sheep-skins; ostrich feathers; which shall pay
a duty of 6 per cent, on the valuation.
Art. IV. All exemption from duty for imports or exports is hereby prohibited, ex-
cept as determined by the present law or by contracts made antecedent to the law.
Art. V. The duties shall be liquidated on a tariff of valuatiqna, formed on the basis
of the true value of the articles in deposit, in regard to those imported, and on the
market value, at the time of shipment, of those exported.
Duties on all articles of imported merchandise not included in the tariff of valua-
Uona shall be liquidated on the values they represent in deposit, as declared by those
introducing or dispatching them.
Art. VI. After a period of forty-eight hours, counting from the Inspection of the
** vista," the custom-nouses may retain for account of the national treasury all arti-
cles of merchandise whose value, as declared, is considered too low, paying immedi-
ately to those interested the amount of the declared value with 10 per cent, added in
TUtlFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 425
bills omitted by the administratioDs of tho revenue, at 90 days' sight, payable in the
form in which the custom-honse pays its duties.
Art. VII. The executive of the nation shall designate and fix the values of the
merchandise and products which are included in the tariff referred to in Article V.
Art. VIII. For wines, oils, alcohols, beer, and liquors in casks there shall be al-
lowed a leakage of 10 per cent, if they come from ports situated the other side of the
equator ; and of 6 per cent, if from ports, situated this side, but no leakage will be
Allowed if from ports ''inside the capes'' (i. e., in the River Plate).
There shall also be allowed a wastage of 5 per cent, for breakage on the ubove-
mentioned articles when received in bottles.
The tare, leakage, and breakage on other articles shall be fixed in the tariff of vaU
naiionB.
Art. IX. The duties on exports shall be paid at the first point of shipment, the mer-
ehandise being dispatched directly to their destination, transshipment from one point
to another of the republic not being allowed except where the duties have been paid
or secured.
Art. X. The payment of import duties^ where they exceed the amount of $200, may
be made by bills satisfactory to the administrator of the customs on stamped paper at
90 days' sight, at the bank rate of interest.
Export duties shall be paid in cash before the sailing of the vessel shipping the ar-
ticles.
Art. XI. The payment of duties imposed by custom-houses may be made in each
locality in the moneys which have been declared legal tender by the nation.
Art. XII. It is prohibited to transship into the interior merchandise which has not
paid duty in some custom-house of the republic, except as follows :
1st. That which passes de transitu through the ports of Concordia, Federacion, Paso
de los Libros destined to ports in Brazil on the Uruguay River.
2d. That which comes from Chili through the province of Salta for the custom-house
of Jujuy.
3d. That which passes in transit from the custom-houses of Buenos Ayres and Rosa-
lio to thost; of Mendoza, San Juan, Salta, and Jujuy, and firom these to those of Bo-
livia.
Art. XIII. The executive is authorized to establish the use of toma-guiaa (deben-
ture or export certificates) provided custom-house agreements can be made with
neighboring countries.
Art. XIV. The present law shall continue in force during the year 1881.
Art. XV. Let it be communicated to the executive.
The duties established by the foregoing law are recharged with the
addition of 1 p^r cent, fixed by the third article of the law of the esti-
mates (Ley del pre8upu€8to)j which is as follows:
Art. III. All merchandise and products which, according to the customs law of
1881 are subject to duty, whether of import or export, shaU pay an additional duty
of 1 per cent, in accordance with existing laws.
In accordance with the requirements of Articles Y and VII of the
foregoing law, the Argentine Oovemment has just issued from the press
in tabular schedule a new tariff of valuations for the use of its custom-
house officials. As a matter of convenience to American merchants en-
gaged in trade with this country, I translate and transcribe the official
values of such articles as constitute principally the exports and imports
to and from the United States.
426
TABIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBIES.
SZPOBT Dunzs.
▲rtlds.
Oils:
Animal
KMtVfoot
Ox horns
Bucks* horns
Salt or Jerked beef
Bone-uh
Hslr
Dried beef
ox and cow hides
ft ox and cow hidss
Dry kips
Salt kips
Salt kips (onbom)
Dry kips (onbom)
Dry ass skins
Salt ass skins
Salt horse skins
Dnr borse skins
Salt colt skins
Dry sheepskins:
Unwashed.
Washed
Salt sheep skins ,
Deerskins
Goatsldns
Kid skins
Nutria skins
Wolfskins
Stag skins
Corpincho skins
Vicn Da skins
Ostrich skins
Chinchilla skins
Ho;; skins
Lion skins
Tiger skins
Swan skins
Bisoacha skins
Fox skins
Hide-cattings
Hare's grease or oil
Bones ,
Wool:
Unwashed
Washed
ToDgaes, salted or piokled
Horn piths
Ostrich feathers ,
Horn points ,
Tallow :
Melted
Pressed ,
Baled hay ,
Al£ftl&seed
Unit.
100 kilos..
...do
Thousand
1,000 kilos
100 kilos..
1,000 kilos
100 kilos..
...do
Xaoh
....do
....do
...do
Kilo
...do
Bach
...do
...do
...do
Kilo
...do
...do
do ...:.
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Each
Kilo
...do
...do
Saoh
...do
...do
Doaen —
do
...do
100 kilos..
...do
1,000 kilos
100 kilos..
.. do
Kilo
Thousand.
KUo
Thousand.
100 kilos..
...do
1,000 kilos
Kilo
Official
▼slue.
112 00
14 00
60 00
20 00
11 fiO
16 60
40 00
10 00
4
5
00
50
2 00
2 50
05
25
00
SO
80
00
05
20
25
12.5
50 I
60 I
20
00
70
50
00
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
75
00
00
Rate.
Pr.«t.
4
5
1
1
9
2
4
6
18 00
18 05
80 00
85 00
20
25 00
400
700
14 60
900
13 00
.86
6
6
6
6
«
6
6
«
6
«
0
f
0
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
$
6
0
6
$
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
427
IMPORT DUTIBS.
Artioltt.
naphthft, and petn>l«am
her kinds
thAmerioan.
4
torcniabed
ndoraoken
«f
wk
iM in boxes
hen in boxes
LOTS, boxes of 20 gross
Msorted
•, preserred
erred
ih, or their imitations, in jars
her kinds, in Jars
rels
d
oom>meal
rloe, xye, or oats
r
i milk.
)d.
lon
[North American)
Bglish, Batch, and analogoos-
fcuoes in bottles,
n boxes
American, leaf
ing
ng
in|>ackagc
e, &o
DC,
I casks, &o., from 34^ to 40^
fc bitters, in bottles
ties, English, German, snd Horweglaii.
ks
ka,nptolOo...
ties
tUes, 180 to 210.
n bottles
ks, port, sherry, mnscatel, fto..
ties, port, sheny, mosoatel, fto
ks, table
ties, 100 to 210.
ks,18oto21o..
ying
and mixed, white or colored, for writing
1, white
I, of 26 centimeters.
Unit
Liter
KOo.
....do
....do
.do
do
.do
do
do
do
.do
....do
...do
Box..
Kilo.
....do
...do
Dosen ..
...do...
Kilo....
...do...
lOOkUos
KUo....
.do
do
.do
do
do
.do
Liter
...do
Kilo.
...do
...do
...do
do
...do.
...do.
DoEen
Box...
Kilo....
...do...
...do...
100 kilos
Package
Kilo....
Liter...
Dosen ..
...do
Liter
...do.
Dosen
Liter.
Dosen
Pipe..
Dosen
Pipe..
Dosen
Liter.
Kilo..
Gross.
Kilo.
...do
...do
Official
Talae.
Rate.
iV.et
$0 07
25
19
(•)
1L5
<•)
11
25
18
25
18.5
25
U
25
18
25
27.6
(*)
18
26
18
26
425
46
1 70
46
1 40
40
65
26
37.5
26
50
26
1 75
26
100
26
17.5
25
0&5
(*)
800
n
17.5
26
20
26
10
25
55
26
65
26
55
26
80
25
26
26
13
26
35
26
55
26
14
26
06
25
55
25
65
25
50
25
8 00
25
36
26
80
40
40
40
100
40
4 00
(*)
40
26
24
26
14
40
10 00
40
225
40
1 50
40
25
40
8 75
40
15
40
100
26
180 00
40
560
40
45 00
40
4 00
40
34
40
18
25
16 00
25
60
^
27.5
26
16
26
26
26
*Speoiilo.
I
428
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Import duties — Continued.
Articles.
Paper— ContlDned.
Brown, of 30 centimeters
Brown, Isrger than 80 centimeters
For bags
Sideboards :
Common, of mahogany, oak, or walnnt
Mediom, of mahogany, oalc, or walnat
Fine, of mahogany, oak, or walnat
Two parta, common, of mahogany, oak, or wslnnt.
Two parts, medium, of mahogany, oak, or walnat .
Three parts, fine, of mahogany, oak, or walnat. . . .
Piano stools :
Mahogany, oak, or walnnt
Rosewood
Paintod '
Foot-stods :
Ordinary :
Fine
Bosewood
Bednteads :
Single, mahogany, oak, or walnat (common)
Single, mahogany, oak, or walnut, medium
Single, mahogany, oak, or walnnt, fine
Single, rosewood, ordinary
Single, rosewood, medinm
Single, rosewood, fine
Double, ordinary to medinm
Double, fine
Double, rosewood
Chiffoniers :
Painted, oak or walnnt, ordinary
Painted, oak or walnut, fine
Bosewood, ordinary
Kosewood, fine
Commodes :
Mahogany, oak; or walnut, ordinary
Mahogany, oak, or walnut, medium
Mahogany, oak, or walnut, fine
Bosewood, ordinary
Bosewood. mediuni
Bosewood, fine
Writing-desks:
Painted, ordinary
Mahogsny, oak, or walnut, ordinary
• Mahogany, oak, or walnut, fine
Bosewood. medinm
Bosewood, fine
Secretaries:
Large, painted, mahogany, oak, or walnut, medium
Large, painted, mahogany, oak, or walnut, fine
Book-cases :
Painted, mahogany, oak, or walnut, medium
Painted, mahogany, oak, or widnut, fine
Bosewood, medium
Bosewood, fine
Washstands :
Small, mahogany, oak, or walnut, common
Small, mahogany, oak, or walnut, fine
Large, mahogany, oak, or walnut, common
Lai^e, mahogany , oak, or walnut, medium
Large, mahogany, oak, or walnut, fine /.
Large, rosewood, common
Large, rosewood, medium
Large, rosewood, fine
Center-tables :
Small, mahogany, oak, or walnut, common
Small, mahogany, oak, or walnnt, medinm
Small, rosewood
Commodes :
Bosewood
Mahogany, oak, or walnut, common
Mahogany, oak, or walnut, medium
Mahogany, on k, or walnut, fine :
Dining-tabies, extension :
Mahogany, oak, or walnut, common
Mahogany, oak, or walnut^ medium
Mahogany, oak, or walnut, fine
Mahogany, oak, or walnut, North American
XJnitr
Kilo.
...do
Each
.. do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Oflldal
Talne.
\
\
$0 85
19
15
25 00
85 00
42 00
45 00
60 00
100 00
260
350
2 00
80
1 20
140
25 00
83 00
46 00
80 00
38 00
52 00
82 00
55 00
40 00
to
66 00
22 00
32 00
27 00
44 00
850
10 00
17 00
12 00
17 00
22 00
800
13 00
21 00
16 00
82 00
28 00
50 00
25 00
41 00
32 00
60 00
500
to
10 00
20 00
22 50
86 00
48 00
30 00
43 00
57 00
1 50
2 50
4 00
6 00
4 00
6 00
950
16 00
24 00
38 00
11 00
Bite.
f
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
}
iO
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
TABIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUMTBIES.
429
Import diittea— Continued.
Artidtt.
Unit
Official
▼alae.
Kate.
Pr.et
40
40
40
40
40
40
»:
at glaas, mahogany, oak, or walxrat, ordinary.
at fflass, mahogany, oak, or walnut, medium .
atglaaa, mahogany, oak, or walnat, fine
at glass, rosewood, ordinary
at glass, itwewood, medium
at glass, rosewood, fine
) doors, with glass, $14 additional to aboTe. . . .
Sach
...do
...do
...do
do
...do
...do
American, painted, ordinary
American, painted, split bottom, ordinary.
Dosen.
...do.
American, painted, hair-cloth, ordinary
Aiwi^TiftAn^ painted, dining, ordinary
American, painted, dining, hair-doth, oak, or walnnt,
lary.
American, painted, dining, hair-doth, mahogany, or
lat, ordinary.
American* painted, dining, hair-doth, mahogany,
lam.
American, painted, dining, hair-cloth, mahogany, fine,
nitore:
American, of oak, walnut, consisting of bedstead,
node, washstand, table, towd-rack, four chairs, rock*
>hair, Sco.. common,
irith wardrobe
.do
.do
.do
...do
...do
...do
Set ..
.do
, common
.medium
,flne
D (doable valae to the above) .
D their declared value
dressed, &o
IS, dressed, &c
IS, dressed, fto
, dressed, &o
dressed, 4ms
Each
...do
Kilo..
Each..
Dozen
Each..
Dosen
lOfmnon
ine.
8P
^rriage, common to fine
do
.do
.do
.do
en, common to fine...
Bmen, common to fine.
Bach.
....do
sformen, ordinary
«for men, fine
s for ladies, with or without dastios, ordinary.
8 for ladies, with or without dastics, medium. .
a for ladies, with or withoqt elastics, fine
Dozen
...do.
...do.
...do.
...do.
s for children, wltii or without dastios .
i, for men (according to quality)
,for men
, for ladies
, Chiokering, Steinway, Sec, flat .
m. Chlokermff, Steinway, Ac., flat
Cntokering, Stei]|way, Ac, flat. . .
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Each.
...do
....do
$23 50
80 00
40 00
82 00
44 00
65 00
{
i
{
{
{
{
{
{
520
860
12 UO
to
25 50
18 50
15 50
88 00
60 00
06 00
60 00
65 00
28 00
88 00
42 00
2 00
600
14 00
2 50
14 00
8 00
to
7 00
11 00
to
18 00
6 00
to
40 00
5 00
to
27 00
10 00
to
17 00
13 00
to
17 00
25 00
40 00
12 00
16 00
24 00
3 00
to
8 00
30 00
to
60 00
18 00
to
20 00
12 00
to
20 00
700 00
660 00
860 00
!
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
25
25
2&
25
25
25
25^
25-
I
I 26-
I 40
\
]
40
40
40^
40
40
40
40-
40
40
25
25
25.
430
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIEa
Import dnHei — Continned.
Article.
PiMios:
Gniod, Chlokering, Steininiy, fto., perpendioolAr...
Medinm, Chlokerinff, Steinw»y, &o.« perpendienlM'.
SnuJl, Chickering, Stelnway, &o., perpendioalar ...
Jewelry, on the declared valne
Watobee, on the declared valne
Clocks, on the declared Talne
American, of wood or sine
American, eight-day.
Crystals for watches
Tar, North American
Bensine, North American
Soein, North American
Chrome, North American
Essence of peppermint, North American
QasoUne, North American
Bed potama. North American
Tobacco for sheep-wash .-
Unit.
Bach
...do
....do
Bach
.do
Tmeses
Plows:
North American, common
North American, saperior
Hoos:
Withoat handles, common
Withont handles, steel, superior
Hinces:
Iron.
Bronze
Pamps for wells, cisterns, and Tessels, on the dedlated valne
Hanalee:
For hatchets, picks, spades, orhoea
For scythes
For hammers
Bells:
Brass
Table, ordinary
Table, raediam
Horse-collars
Padlocks:
Iron, ordinary
Iron, fine -.
Pipes:
Lead, zinc, or composition
Rubber
Stone coal:
For gas .•
For other parposes
Charcoal, on the declared valne
Bolts or locks, combinationf on the declared Taliie
Locks:
With keys, common
With keys, other kinds
Bolts, iron
NaUs:
Iron
Oalvanized
Cooking stoves, on the declared valne.
Coke
XniTee and forks:
Table, ordinary
Table, ebony handles
Table, imitation ivory handles
Dessert, imitation ivory handles. . .
Trowels, mason's
Spoons:
Iron -
Pewter
White metal
QermansilTer
Electro-plate, common
Electro-plate, medinm
Electro>plate, fine
100...
Kilo.
...do
...do
...do
...do
Liter
Kilo.
...do
Official
ralae.
$350 00
800 00
250 00
{
Each
.do
.do
Kilo.
...do
.do
do
Dosen
...do.
...do.
\
KUo..
Dozen
...do.
... do.
KUo.
...do
100 kilos
Kilo....
1,000 kUos
do
Kilo
do
Dozen
lOOUlos
..do...
1,000 kilos
Dozen
....do.
....do.
...do.
Kilo..
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
{
Bats-
2 00
8 00
to
600
1 50
05.51
10
05.5
04.5
7 00
00
20
12.
1 00
to
2 00
400
10 00
13
19
18
80
I
5
1
1
2
4
20
00
00
00
00
50
40
70
1400
50
12 00
10 00
40
1 00
to
3 00
120
8 00
13 00
16 00
70
1 50
00
70
70
24
80
100
260
200
260
600
i
lb
06
05
25
15
25
25
25
25
25
as
05
05
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
05
05
25
\
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
TABIFF8 OF THE SEVEBAL COUMTBIES.
431
Import <iii<ie9-*Continned.
Artide.
en:
TTnii.
Official
Tftlne.
Rate.
\
$6 00
to
10 00
s
Pr.eL
25
25
25
25
25
25
10
25
25
25
86
25
25
35
25
25
25
10
35
25
25
25
25
26
25
06
25
26
25
25
25
25
ssqfuu^ea:
iry
m declared valoe. . .
r's awU or pnnchee
boe-pegs
ra, platee, Ac
eren, on declared Talne
. for butchers
tnt handles ^
handles
handles, fine
>tton, for sewing sails
re-place:
pieces, ordinary
nieces, poUshed iron
pieces, bronze
pieces, other kinds, on declared Talne.
• pineorspmoe
i pine or sprace, worked.
It, cherry, or maple .* .
machines:
American
American, without wxlnger.
itter making
itter making, large.
owing.
inding com, large,
inding com, small
g
g, with table, according to quality.
with or without handles
s, small
i pulleys;
on
lor
:ines, on declared value
opes of cotton
im
for shoemakers . .
for shoemakers.
carpenters
lbs
rae)
M.
M, polished .
igton
I:
iTolTsrs, small.
»TolTers, large .
Dozen
Hundred.
Barrel...
100 kilos.
Kilo....
— do ...
Dozen ..
— do ...
...do...
100 kilos
Set
.do
.do
Square meter
...do
do
.do
Saoh
...do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
...do.
Kilos.
Dozen
Centimeter
...do
100 kilos
Saoh
...do
...do
lOOkUos
...do...
Dozen ..
Kilo....
Sach.
100 kilos
Dozen ..
{
Bach.
....do
Thousand.
do
[rbines, rifles, Ac.
do
.do
8 60
1 40
5 00
5 00
85
60
00
50
00
70 00
80
1 20
2 00
40
45
50
1 00
16 00
18 00
2 00
3 00
100 00
to
130 00
20 00
5 00
10 00
20 00
to
60 00
80
4 00
to
8 00
02
06
60 00
15 00
11 00
7 00
11 00
60 00
280
50
16 00
to
18 00
10 00
5 60
200
10 00
6 00
600
to
8 00
11 00
to
14 00
20 00
i
I
i
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
06
05
60
60
40
40
40
40
432
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Import dMtie9 Contiimed.
Artlele.
Shotgims:
One-bwrel
Two-bAirel
Two-bwiel, oentral Are, ocdiiuuy
Two-bMTel, oflotnl fli«, medium.
Two-bAcrei, oentnJ flre^ fine
PUtols:
One-barrel
Two-b«rrel
Revolven, Moording to quality
Powder
Alemaneeqnee, or nnbleaohed ootton :
00 to 70 centimeters
135 to 165 oentimeten
Brill ian tinea, ootton:
To 00 oentimetera, common
To 00 centimeters, medium
To 90 centimeters, fine
Bombasines :
Worked, to 70 centimeters, common
Worked, to 70 centimeters, modlom
Worked, to 70 centimeters, fine
Plain, to 70 centimeters, common
Plain, to 70 centimeters, medium
Plain, to 70 cen timeters, fine
Bhcetinf^:
Linen, 85 centimeters, common
Linen, 85 centimeters, fine %.
Lmen, for ooTcrs, to 100 centimeters
Cotton, white or colored
Ticking:
Cotton, any width
Mixed, 130 to 170 centimeters, common
Mixed, ISO to 170 centimeters, fine
Mixed, 130 to 170 centimeters, superior
Cambric :
Cotton, white or colored, common.
Cotton, white or colored, fine
Cotton, white or colored, superior.
)rea
Cretons
Cretons,reps
Damask:
Cotton, 120 to 150 centimeters
Mixed, 120 to 150 centimeters
Drilling, cotton
Flannel:
Mixed, to 75 centimeters, ordinary.
Mixed, to 75 centimeters, medium .
Wool.
Mixed goods :
Cotton, wool, and silk for clothing, common.
Cotton, wool, and silk for clothing, fine
Cotton and silk for clothing, common
Cotton and silk for clothing, medium
Cotton and sil k for clothing, fine
Cotton and silk for clothing, superior
Grenadines :
Cotton, 65 centimeters, common
Cotton, 65 centimeters, medium
Cotton, 65 centimeters, fine
Canvas for bags, 85 to 95 centimeters
Duck, North American, Noe. 1 to 10
Canvas duck for sails. North American
Checks, cotton
Merlnoe:
Cotton, 80 to 100 centimeters
Cotton and wool, 100 centimeters
Unit
Oflleial
▼alue.
Dimity, cotton, white or colored i.
PriDts, cotton, white or colored
Kankin. cotton, white or colored
Table cloths, on declared yalue
Each
...do
...do
Pair.
...do
Each
Kilo.
Meier.
...do.
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
...do
...do
- do
Kilo.
...do.
Meter.
...do.
...do.
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Meier.
...do.
...do
.. do
Kilo.
Meter.
...do .
do
do
Meter.
...do.
..do.
...do.
...do
..do
...do
...do
...do
.. do
Kilo.
i
I
Meter.
....do.
1 80
300
800
UOO
82 00
1 50
250
2 00
to
18 00
0 00
to
1 20
Pr.eL
40
40
40
40
40
18
28
10
12.5
17.6
12
16
28
10
13
18
14
16
25
27.61
36
45
11
14 I
25
12.6
50
06
0 16
to
040
60
85
46
17.5
21
022
to
0 42
18
25
11
15
25
40
10
16
25
11
86
22
1 40
13
18
\
40
40
40
i
26
25
25
26
26
25
26
26
26
25
26
25
26
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
25
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
l"
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
433
Import duties — Continued.
Article.
Hnalins:
Cotton, to 75 centimeten, mediiini
Cotton, 75 centimeten, fine
Cotton, to 13*2 centimeten, medinm ....
Cotton, 182 centimeten, fine ^.
Cotton, to 165 centimeten, medinm —
Cotton. 165 ooitimeten, fine
Wool, black orcolond
Stoeldngs, cotton, •ocording to qnality.
Socks, cotton .
Orgsndies, cotton, 80 to 100 oeniimetfln, fine
Cloth:
Wool and cotton, plain or gray, for soldien' dothing, medinm
wool and cotton, plain or my, tat soldien' dotmng, fine.
Wool, plain or gny, for soldien* clothing, medinm
Wool, plain or gny, for sddien' clothing, fine
Towelhigs:
Cotton, 1 meter long, common
Cotton, 1 meter long, medinm
Cotton, 1 meter long, fine
Hixpd, 1 meter long, common
Mixed, 1 meter long, medinm
liized, Imeterlong, fine
Domestics
Dnwen:
Beady^made, for women, cotton, common
Seady-made, forwomen, cotton, fine
Beady*made, for men, cotton, common
Beady-made, for men, fine
Undenmrts:
Flannd or mixed, common '.
iFlannd or mixed, medinm
Flannel or mixed, fine
Cotton or mixed, common
Cotton or mixed, medinm
Cotton or mixed, fine
Crimean, according to quality.
Shirts, white cotton, aooording to quality.
OoUan:
Ordinary
For ladies
Pantaloons, men's
Sack coats, men's
Suits for men, wool.
Needles:
Ordinary to fine
Crochet
Pins:
In papen of 1,000 to 1,600
lA papen of 1,600 to 3,400.
Alhums for photognphs .
Spectacles.
Open glasses.
Field or sea glasses
1784 CONO — A. P-
-28
Unit
Meter
...do.
...do.
...do.
Squan meter
Dosen
...do.
Meter
.do
.do
.do
.do
Dosen
...do.
...do.
...do.
...do.
...do.
Kilo..
Dosen
...do.
...do.
Dosen
...do.
...do.
...do.
...do.
...do.
.do
.do
.do
.do
Each.
.do
.do
Thousand
Gross
Packet.
...do..
Dosen
.do
.do
.do
Official
Talue.
fO 10
12.51
17
25
25
82
80
0 80
to
4 50
0 75
to
4 00
80
60
76
00
25
85
50
00
60
00
800
80
1
2
1
2
600
10 00
800
800
7 00
12 00
20 00
2 00
8 50
7 00
800
to
20 00
4 00
to
8 00
1 60
2 00
to
7 00
1 00
to
2 00
4 00
to
6 00
7 00
to
15 00
0 25
to
120
1 00
20
25
1 00
to
42 00
1 00
to
400
15 00
to
48 00
60 00
to
120 00
Bate.
P.eL
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
434
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Im]^ofi duUea — Continaed«
Axtiole.
PenlmiTM:
Bodgera and othera, one bUde
Bodgen and others, two-blade
Bodgen and others, foiir*Uade . . . .
Thread:
Cotton, in spools of 4C meters
Cotton, In spools of 02 meters
Cotton, in spools of 188meters
Cotton, in spools of 184 meters . ...
Cotton, ftmn Na 10 to 80, in olews.
Cotton, from Na 40 to 45, in clews .
Soaps, fimoy, according to quality
Lead-penoils, according to quality
Lamps:
Glass, for kerosene, according to qoality.
Glass, large, for kerosene, according to quality
Glass, Tcry large, for kerosene, on the dedaied valae.
BiEs of exhange
Blank books —
Umbrellas :
Cotton
Wool, mixed
Silk, according to quality.
Paper :
White, for printing
White, for Dook ooTors
Writing, of all kinds
Linen, writing, of all kinds.
Wall, according to quality. .
«
Steel pens, according to quality
Penholders, according to quality
Snuff
Suspenders
Chandeliers :
For gas or kerosene ...'
Crystal, gas or kerosene.
Brackets for gas
Unit.
Dosen
....do.
....do.
...do..
....do..
....do..
....do..
Paquet
Kilo
Gross.
Dosen
....do
...do
Thousand..
Kilo
Each.
...do
.do
Kilo.
...do
...do
...do
.do
Gross.
...do.
Kilo..
Boaen
Bach .
...do.
...do.
Official
▼alne.
\
$3 00
5 00
7 00
09
10
23
90
26
45
35
to
2 50
40
to
2 60
2 60
to
8 60
6 00
8 00
85
07
1 00
1 25
to
5 00
20
27.5
85
60
20
to
2 12.5
06
to
30
85
to
24 00
90
60
to
12 00
8 00
to
24 00
16 00
to
40 00
8 00
to
8 00
P.et
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
!
40
\
\
\
25
25
25
35
40
49
49
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
I could farther extend this list, bat I believe it embraces nearly every-
thing which is at present imported into the Argentine Bepablic firom
the United States.
E. L. BAKES,
CansuL
United States Oonsulatb,
Buenos AyreSj February 28^ 188L
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 435
TABIFF AHD PIHANCES 07 THE ABGENTINE REPUBLIC.
BEPOBT BT CONSUL BAKES, OF BUENOS ATMBS.
ARGENTINE TARIFF FOR 1883.
The National Congress at its last session made a number of changes
in the Argentine tariff. I translate from the present law as follows:
f
IMPORT DUTIES.
Article 1. All foreign merchandise imported for consumption shall
pay a duty of 25 per cent, on its valuation, except as follows :
1. Fire-arms for war purposes, powder and munitions for mining pur-
poses, alcohols in general, liquors, cards, x>erfumery, tobacco, cigars,
snuffs, guns, lucifer wax matxshes, which shall pay a duty of 50 per cent.
2. Beady-made clothing, and confections, hats and caps, boots and
shoes, dress ornaments, harness, carriages, furniture, matches other
than wax, fire-works and objects of art, which shall pay a duty of 40
I>er cent.
3. Iron not galvinized in plates, ingots, bars, &c., iron hoops, steam-
engines, white pine, spruce, common salt, printing and writing paper,
which shall pay a duty of 10 per cent.
4. Canvas and sack cloth, stove coal, jewelry, gold and silver worked,
sewing silk, all instruments and utensils with handles or ornaments of
silver or gold, when these increase the value one-third, plows, wire for
fencing and telegraph, staves, and wooden or iron casks, printed books
with pasteboard covers and without gilt ornaments, printing presses and
all materials except types, lithographic presses, harvesters and thrash-
ing machines, thread and wire on spools for the miners or for agricult-
ural machinery, which shall pay a duty of 5 per cent.
5. Precious stoned, unset, which shall pay a duty of 2 per cent.
6. A specific duty of $1.65 on%every 100 kilograms of wheat; of 5
cents on every kilogram of starch ; of 5 cents on every kilogram of
coffee; of 7 cents on every kilogram of macaroni; of 9 cents on every
kilogram of crackers or cakes made of flour; of 4 cents on every kilo-
gram of flour or corn-meal ; of 4 cents on every kilogram of hominy; of
25 cents on every kilogram of tea; of 6 cents on every kilogram of yerba
mate; of 6 cents on every kilogram of sugar; of 5 cents on every liter
of vinegar, common, in cask; of 20 cents on every liter of fine vinegar;
of 20 cents on every bottle of wine, not exceeding one liter ; of 10 cents
on every bottle or liter of beer or cider.
Art. II. The following articles may be imported free of duty, to wit:
Machinery for works and steamers ; blood stock and live cattle ; fresh
fish ; fresh fruit ; furniture and implements belonging to immigrants,
and of small value ; stamped gold and silver, in the grain, in bars, and
in dust; live plants; rails, wedges, iron transoms and screws; shunting
apparatus ; locomotives and wheels with or without axles, for railways
or tramways ; iron tubes not galvanized for gas or water works, of a
diameter of at least 75 millimeters; mercury; fan-guards; cask-frames
of more than two kilograms; center bits and special mining powder;
such seeds as the Executive shall consider not to be intended for other
than agricultural purposes; specifics for sheep diseases; articles for
436 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
purposes of religious worsliip at the request of prelates, and manures
and earthy molds.
EXPOBT DUTIES.
Abt. III. All kinds of produce and manufactures are free of export
duty, with the exception of the following, to wit: Animal oils, horns,
preserved meats^ bone-ash, horse-hair, bones, wool, skins in general,
sheep-skins, ostnch feathers, and tallow, all of which shall pay a duty
of 6 per cent, on their value.
Abt. IY. All exoneration of duties on imports and exports is pro-
hibited unless expressly allowed by law, except in the case of conces-
sions by special law or contracts arising out of laws dictated by Con-
gress.
Abt. Y. The duties must be paid according to a tariff of valuations
drawn up on the basis of the true price of the articles in deposit, as regards
imports; and on that of the current prices, ready for embarkation, as
regards exports. The import duties of articles not included in the,
tariff will be paid on the value they represent in deposit, as declared
by the importers or clearers.
. By another law there is levied a duty of 1 per cent, additional upon
all imports and exports of the Argentine Bepublic.
FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE NATION.
With the development of the interior and the increase of the foreign
commerce, the national resources of the Argentine Bepublic also con-
tinue to expand. The revenues for the year 1882 amounted to the sum
of $26,655,105, against $22,739,098 in 1881; $19,594,304 in 1880, and
$20,961,893 in 1879. The following table, which 1 find in the report of
the minister of the national treasury, will show the sources from which
this revenue is derived:
From imports |16,930,388 53
From exports 3,787,171 96
Warehousing / 405,666 61
Stamps and stamped paper 1,325,170 29
Licenses 513,787 32
Direct taxation 904,242 78
Post-office 439,736 46
Telegraphs 213,029 09
Light-houses 55,973 97
Sanitary visits 18,247 95
National timher tax 10,653 08
Water-works 259,0^2 98
Judicial deposits 14,900 65
Penitentiary 919 74
Receipts from Central Argentine Railway 102, hl6 00
Receipts from Northern Central Railway 855,790 75
Receipts from Andine Railway 307,374 57
Receipts from First Entre Rios RaUway 7,002 63
From Third of February park 8,461 48
I>om Riachuelo port and mole 62,85:^ 87
From public lands and colonies 131,072 82
Sundries 300,922 37
Total 26,065,105 90
1^0 Statement of the actual expenses of the Government for the last
year has yet been published, but the following are the amounts which
V.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
437
irere appropriated by the national Congress for the different depart-
ments for the year 1882:
Department of the Interior $5,526,361 90
Department of Foreign Relatione 233,760 00
Department of Finance 12,067,345 61
Department of J astice and Worship 2,966,579 07
Department of War 5,420,068 80
Department of Marine 1,910,951 54
Total 1 28,145,066 92
From which it appears that the appropriations were $1,500,000 in
excess of the reTenues, for which the Government has had to make use
of its credit.* But these amounts were only for the ordinary expendi-
tures of the year. During the same time, through foreign and local
loans, treasury bills, &c., the public debt of the nation has very largely
increased. In the table below I give, side by side, the amounts of the
national indebtedness, foreign and domestic, as it was stated to be on
the 31st day of December, 1881, and at the same date, 1882:
Foreign d^ht of the Argentine Bepublio on the Zlat of December, 1881 and 1882.
Loans.
English loan of 1824 (original bonds)
English loan of 1824 (deforred bonds)
English loan of 18G8
English loan of 1871
English loan of 1870 (prorincial assamed)
Enelish loan of 1873 (provincial assamed)
Railway bonds
Treasury bills
Total in pounds sterling
Seduced to Argentine national dollars.
1881.
£618, 900
476,800
1, 273, 100
8,927,000
870.900
1, 851, 000
2,438,200
11,466,800
57, 787, 632
1882.
£500. 600
429,800
1,134,000
3, 638, 900
860,200
1.818,800
2^4t;i,600
817, 000
11,703,800
58, 087, 152
Interior debt of the Argentine Bepublio on the 3l8t of December^ 1881 and 1882.
Loans.
Loan of the law of October 1, I860
Loan of the law of November 26, 1868 .
Lmin of the law of October 19, 1876
Loan of the law of November 5, 1872 . .
Loan of the law of June 8. 1861
Loan for bridges and public highways
Debt to foreigners
Treasury bilM
Loan of the law of September 2, 1881 . .
Loan of the law of September 25, 1881 .
Loan for Biochuelo port and mole
.gold.
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do.,
.do..
..do .
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do.
Total do.
1881.
$287,667 15
15, 224, 127 82
485,593 22
1,821,238 86
881, 920 76
1, 100, 702 21
608, 129 48
4, 770, 280 00
24,229,659 50
1882.
$14. W5,
481,
1,821,
852,
1,061.
658.
4,770,
904,
16,538,
2,480.
685 .50
946 67
238 H6
160
233
UO
:.4
808 22
280 00
873 34
833 33
916 66
43,439,475 92
Now, adding the amounts of foreign and internal debt together, we
find that the total was $82,017,291.50 on the Slst of December, 1881,
and $102,426,627.92 on the Slst of December, 1882, or an increase of
$20,409,336.42 daring the year, which cannot be considered otherwise
than a very surprising augmentation of the national obligations in a
single twelvemonth. And these figures do not include the balance of
* For the present year, 1883, the total amoant of the budget of the Argentine Na-
tional Qovernment is increased to $31,224,748.49.
438 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
the bonds for the Biochuelo port (about $2,000,000) and the city improve-
ment works loan for aboat 98,000,000, which had not been pat in circu-
lation at the date of the above statement. Indeed, the actual amount of
internal debt at present in circulation, instead of l>eing $43,439,475.92,
is known to be a little over $52,000,000, thus swelling the total indebt-
edness of the nation to about $112,000,000. It is to be said in favor of
the increase that a large portion is invested or being invested in profit-
able works, which it is believed will not only give ample returns, but
greatly augment the production of the country. It is understood that the
Government, however, will yet have to ask for additional loans before
some of these public works are completed, and it may be, as I have
before had occasion to fear, that the Government is lending its credit, in
behalf of objects which at best had better be left to private enterprise,
beyond what the present resources of the nation can conveniently bear.
It must be said, however, that the credit of the Argentine Republic
continues to hold a high place in the money centers of Europe. The
quotations of the public debt, notwithstanding the new loans, has shown
a constant tendency to rise during the past year, and long bonds are at
a premium. .
There is now a project before the National Congress, under the sanc-
tion of the President and his cabinet, to convert the entire public debt
of the nation into new bonds, which shall bear only 5 per cent, interest
without amortization, and have twenty-five years to run. It is stated
that the whole loan could be effected in London at 85 cents to the dollar.
The saving of interest by this refunding would be about $4,500,000 —
enough, as the advocates of the measure express it, " to pay the interest
on a new debt of $90,000,000" ; but wherein this additional increase to
the bonded debt would be an advantage to the country is not so appa-
rent. This business of generously using the credit of the Government
for internal improvement purposes — albeit it is used in building rail-
ways, improving ports, populating the new territories, and developing
the resources of the nation — is certainly a question of very doubtful
expediency, and may ultimately place the nation under such burdens
to the money-lenders as to actually retard the progress it is sought to
foster. These, however, are matters of expediency rather than of vital
significance, and the future of the Argentine Republic, whatever may
be the temporary delays or increased stimulus irhich its development
may receive from particular legislation, is now so well and so certainly
assured that nothing less than gross and criminal disregard of public
duty on the part of those who may be called on to administer its affairs—
a contingency which is not to be thought of— can prevent it from attain-
ing to the high position which its natural advantages and marvelous
resources have .destined for it among the nations of the earth.
E. L. BAKER,
United States CansuU
United States Consulate,
Buenos AyreSj September 30, 1883.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 439
SXPOBT DUTIES OP THE ABOEVTIHE BEPUBUC.
REPORT BT CONSUL BAKER, OF BUENOS ATRES.
I am in receipt of the circular of the Hon. F. T. Freliughuyseu, Sec-
retary of State, of the date of the 15th of February last, stating that
the Department of State desires to collect in tabulated form all informa-
tion accessible relative to export duties levied on the productions of
foreign countries; and requesting me to contribute to this end by send-
ing a table or schedule of all export duties levied in the Argentine Re-
public, accompanied by such explanatory notes as may be deemed of
interest
In reply I have to inform the Department that the law for the collec-
tion of duties on imports and exports in the Argentine Republic under-
goes the ordeal of a new enactment by the National Congress every
year, the operation of the tariff being limited by the act itself to the spe-
cific year named.
The general features, however, of all these annual import laws are
the same. The duties, with a few exceptions, are based on the value of
each article of merchandise as officiaUy fixed and promulgated by the
National Executive, each year, in a blue book which is called the ^' Fis-
cal EegulatioDS of the Argentine Republic.^*
The present tariff, which continues in force during the year 1883, is
embodied in fourteen articles or sections, of which only tJie following,
which I translate from the law, have any reference to articles exported
from the country :
Art. III. All classes of products or manafactures shall be free of duty except the
following, which shall pay a duty of 6 per cent, on their value, to wit: Animal oils,
horu8, and hom-peths, preserved meats, bone-ash, hair, hide-cuttings, grease, bones,
wool, washed or unwashed, pelts, sheep-skins, washed or unwashed, ostrich feathers,
and taUow.
Akt. IV. All exemption from duties on imports and exports not specified in the
presirnt law is prohibited except in cases of concession by special law or contracts pro-
ceeding from laws made by Congress. • • •
Art. V. All duties shall be liquidated according to a tariff of valuations formed on
the basis of the true value of the articles in deposit, in regard to those imported; and
on tbe prices, in the market prepared for export, of those to be exported.
Art. VI. The custom-houses have power to retain, after the period of forty-eight
hours counting from the official inspection, for account of the public treasury, all
merchandise whose value thus declared shall be considered too low, paying immedi-
ately to those interested the amount of the value declared by them, with an increase
of ten per cent, in custom-house bills at ninety days' sight.
Art. VII. Duties on exports shall be paid at tbe first point of embarkation where
they shall be dispatched directly for their destination ; and no article of export shall
be permitted to pass by water from one point to another of the republic, except such
as nave paid or secured the duties.
Art. IX. The executive shall designate and fix the value of the merchandise and
products to be included in tariff referred to in Article V.
Art. X. Export duties shall be paid in cash, before the sailinn: of the exporting vessel.
Art. XI. The payment of duties due to custom-houses must be made in money which
18 legal tender or its equivalent.
Ajfr. XIV. The present law shall be in force during the year 1883.
I would state that, by a supplemental law, there is a duty of one per
cent, additional to the rates above specified levied on all articles of im-
port and export.
** ''Disposiciones Fiscales de la Republica Argentina publioaoion oficial.''
440
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
From the taxifif of valuations, made in pursuance of the ninth article
of the preceding law, I translate the following extract, which has refer-
ence to the official value of the different articles of export, to wit:
Ad valorem tatiffon export.
Artidet.
Oil:
Seal, fish, and sheop
Koatafoot
Horn and horn pith :
Of cattle
Of aheep
Dried or aalted beef —
Bone-aah
Hair
Jerked beef
Ox and cow hidea :
Dry
Salted
Skina:
Calf:
Weighing ftom 2 to 7 kiloKrama dry.
Weighing from 6 to ISkilograma aalted.
Slunk do...
Slonk dry.
Aaa:
Dry
Salted *....
Horse:
Salted
Dry
Colt:
Dry A....
Salted
Sheep of every kind:
Washed or nnwaahed dry.
Salted
Deer or stag
Goat
Kid
Nutna
Corpincho
Vicufia
Ostrich
ChlnchUla
Hog, dry or aalted
Lion
T*««r
Swan
Bis-cacha
Fox
Hide cuttings
Hares* grease
Bones of all kinds
Wool, washed or unwashed
Tonsues, salted or dried
Ostnch feathers
Grease, pressed
Lud and other animal fat rendered
Unit
lOOkiloa
...do...
1,000 kiloa.
— do
100 kilos..
1.000 kUos.
100 kiloa . .
...do
Each
do
....do
...do
Kilo.
...do
Each
...do
.do
do
...do
KUo.
...do
...do
... do
...do
...do
...do
Each
Kilo
...do
...do
Each
...do
do
Doeen ....
...do
— do
100 kilos . .
...do
1,000 kilos.
100 kilos .
Kilo
...do
100 kilos..
.. do
Official
value.
$12,000
15,500
150,000
20.000
18,000
19.000
45,000
14,500
4,150
5,500
2,075
2,000
100
200
1,000
1,5C0
2.070
1,500
1,000
50
100
125
GOO
020
20,000
800
1,000
500
4.150
6,170
1.000
1,500
10,000
1,000
800
2,000
6,200
14,500
22,000
26,000
200
8.000
10,000
15,000
Duty.
PercL
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
FREE LIST OF EXPORTS.
In accordaDce with the terms of the law, all articles except those
named in the above list can be exported free of any cnstom-hoase duty.
It is true, however, that the above list comprises a very large propor-
tion of the entire exports from the Argentine Bepablic. The following
table, which I have compiled from official sources, will show the relative
values of articles exported from the Argentine Bepnblic, subject to duty^
compared with that of exports not subject to duty, from the year 1870
to 1881, inclusive, to wit:*
* Memorias del Departamento de Hacienda de la Repiiblica Argentina — 1870 hasta 1881»
TAEIFF8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
441
Comparative table of exports eubiect to duty and exports free from the Argentine Republic
from 1§70 to 1881.
Yeftn.
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
BxportA sal^eot
to daty.
$28,753,213
23.442.543
43, 839, 717
42,892,045
89,413,265
45, 785, 001
42, 394, 052
38,603.669
82,754.644
41, 268, 426
50. 855, 126
50, 722, 211
Exports free of
dnty.
Total export.
$2,494,933
$29, 248, 148
2,683,894
26,955,937
2,403.475
45, 743, 192
3,477,269
45, 869. 314
3,691,447
43, 144. 712
4,546,255
50, 331. 400
4. 145, 154
46, 535. 705
4,822.000
43,823.669
3, 558, 514
86,211,802
6,496,861
47,765,287
5,775.212
56,497,423
5,346,893
56,096,104
The official figures of exports for 1882 have not yet been published.
The following table,* which I have also compiled from official soarces,
shows the rate per cent, which has been levied by the Argentine tariff
on exports from the country, together with the additional rate levied
by special law to meet deficiencies in the national revenues, from the
year 1863 to 1883, inclusive, to wit:
Hate of export duties in the Argentine Republic from 1863 to 1883.
Yean.
1863
1864
186<»
1866
1867
186si
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
Tariff
Addi-
Total
rate.
tional.
rate.
5
2
7
5
2
7
5
2
7
8
2
9
6
2
8
6
2
8
6
2
8
6
2
8
6
2
8
6
2
8
6
2
8 1
1
Years.
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
Tariff
rate.
Addi.
tional.
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
2
2
2
Total
rate.
ft
6
6
8
7
7
7
7
7
T
It will be seen from the above tables that the average rate of export
duty for the last twenty -one years has been about 7 per c^nt, and that
this duty is levied on nearly nine-tenths of all the exports from the
country.
There are no other charges against cargoes exported than those men-
tioned above, though it may not be out of place to state, that on all
vessels clearing for foreign ports there is a charge of $20 for opening
and closing the register, a port pilotage of $14, and an outward pilot-
age of about $40; besiaes, 10 cents per ton for light dues and 6 cents
per ton for sanitary dues. Steamers have what is called "packet privi-
leges," whereby they are alloweil immediately after loading, while sail-
ing vessels are detained until the export duties on the cargo shipped
are liquidated. They have furthermore a reduction of two cents per
ton on their light and sanitary dues.
For this privilege they pay the gross sum of $1.25 per annum.
I believe I have resx)onded fully to the circular of the Department,
though if 1 have omitted anything about which information is desired
it wiU at once be furnished upon request.
0. L. BAKER,
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Buenos Ayres^ May 4, 1883.
* Cuadro general del Comercio exterior.
442 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
CHIIil.
chuiav tabifp law.
EBFOBTS BY MINISTER LOGAN ON THE CHILIAN TARIFF AND ITS EFFECTS ON
AMERICAN TRADE,
EXPLANATORY INTRODUCTION.
Availing myself of the services of the clerk allowed to me by the De-
partment, I have cansed to be translated certain docnments relating to
the customs service of Chili which must prove of considerable value to
our Government. These docnments, marked Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, are in-
closed under cover of this dispatch. The following observations in
connection therewith may be of interest to the Department:
The general tariff law of Chili is established by the Congress of the
country. The system of valuation formerly in practice was fixed ex-
clusively upon the ad valorem plan, the value being determined by the
invoice price, to which was added the expense of transportation up to
the time that the goods arrived in bond. This system was arbitrary
and unsatisfactory, and many of the details as applied to special arti-
cles were left to the decision of subordinates. Under this system the
export interests of the United States have suffered in competition with
European manufacturers as, while a piece of furniture^a table for ex-
ample^made in the United States, which by reason of its lightness and
other superior qualities ought to command the nrarket, has been pushed
out by the cheaper and clumsier manufactures of the European markets.
Owing to the many imperfections of the established plan of valuation,
it was resolved last year to adopt a new one, and the table which I in-
close, marked No. 2, is formed upon this plan.
In the first place, the tariff law of the republic fixes the general
rate of duty at 25 per cent, upon the valuation of the article. To this
general rate there are four exceptions, one class of enumerated articles
paying 35 per cent., another class 15 per cent., another 4 per cent.,
while another cla^s is free. A still further exception is made in the
provision of a sort of war tax, to go into operation September 1, 1882,
and to last for eighteen months from that date. It establishes an addi-
tional 10 per cent, upon tho<ie articles which pay 25 per cent and 15
per cent. ; that is to say, U per cent, upon the latter amounts.
The rates being thus established, the manner of making the appraise-
ment is radicall^^ changed from the old system. 1 inclose in this a
translated copy of Article IX of the customs laws, marked No. 1, which
will give you an intelligible idea of the new plans.
Under this plan, as you will perceive by the translation, the President
of the republic appoints a special commission in Valparaiso, composed
of the superintendent of customs, the chief of appraisers, and a num-
ber of merchants of different nationalities, which commission fixes the
table of valuations to be in force for one year from the date of its publi-
cation. Before the expiration of this term the President is to take the
necessary steps either to establish entire new valuations, to correct the
existing table in part or to continue it in force, as may seem necessary
and expedient to him. As you can readily see, there is great improve-
ment in the system of classification.
This commission is to establish the table of valuations upon the basis
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 443
of their cost in the eustom-housei. This they will do firom expert knowl-
edge conoeming the prices of all articles in the country of prodaction,
adding additional expenses of freight, insurance, discharge, &c., into
the custom- house. In a large and yearly- to-be-increased class, how-
ever, the valuation is not made directly ui>on the cost of the articles,
but upon the grou tceight — ^the peso hmio — of the package. This is
the change in the system to which I wish to call your particular atten-
tion, and which I think is going to benefit a large class of American
manufacturers.
About two months ago the first experiment under this new law was
completed, and I inclose, under cover of this dispatch, marked No. 2, a
translated copy of the new table of valuations established by the com-
mission. Its translation has been a work of considerable labor, as you
can readily i>erceive. If there are articles in the table untranslated in
name it is because it has been impossible to learn the English name, if
they have any.
I send you under a separate cover a printed copy of the tariff law, in
the original text, from which the inclosed translation has been made.
As before said, the important item in this change of system is the
direct fixing of valuation ui>on the gross weight of the package, includ-
ing the boxing or case, of course, it being the purpose ultimately to
establish this principle upon every class of article, manufactured or
otherwise.
HOW THE TARIFF AFFECTS AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
While I do not call to mind any class of our manufacturers who will
be damaged by this change, there are many who must be benefited by
it beyond a doubt. Take for example the case of furniture. The
American furniture is much lighter, more elegant in pattern, and better
made than that of any of the European nations. The latter is noted
for heaviness and ungraceful styles. Upon the basis of valuation by
gross weight the American furniture will have great advantage in the
item of duty.
This is equally true of all kinds of agricultural and mining machinery,
portable engines, saw-mills, &c., in the manufacture of which the Amer-
icans so greatly excel.
Still another class of articles may be mentioned in the same connec-
tion, which is that of silver-plated ware. The American manufactures
are justly celebrated for their beauty and general superiority. Under
the old system of valuation, according to individual articles, the duties
were much higher than will now be the case, when the box may hold
the finest of articles, paying duties upon the basis of weight only.
AMERICAN PACKING.
Bearing these facts in mind our exporters ought to make a special
study of making the case or boxing as light as possible consistently with
strength and durability. I have, therefore, to recommend that the fore-
going facts be given such publicity as may make them available to our
exporting merchants.
in the formation of the commission which established the accompa-
nying table of valuations no American was appointed, chiefly because,
as it is said, there was no strictly American house in Valparaiso, at the
time of appointment, to supply a representative. As it seems a very
important matter that our people in the future should be represented
444 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
iiX>on the commission, I have to suggest the especial instraction of the
coDsal in Valparaiso to look hereafter to oar interests in that direction.
The table of valuations herein inclosed needs no farther explanation,
I think. A little attention to its details will enable it to be readily un-
derstood.
AMERICAN AND CHILIAN COMMERCE.
In connection with the subject of our commercial relations, I have
thought it would interest you to see at a glance the trade movement of
Chili with all the leading nations for the five years last past — ^that is,
from 1878 to 1882 inclusive. I have therefore caused to be translated
two tables, marked Kos. 3 and 4, showing the importation at the Valpa-
raiso custom-house from twenty -four nations during the period named,
and the exportations to the nations named for the period of four years,
the year 1882 not being included. These tables are taken from the re-
port of the Chilian minister of finance, presented to Congress at its
opening in June last.
Their study will convey a great deal of useful information. It ap-
pears from the figures that Chili increased her purchases from the United
States during 1882 more than $500,000 over those of 1878, being, roughly,
at the rate of 33 per cent. It will further appear that the United States
bought of Chili, during the year 1881, products amounting to more than
five times the sum of the purchases of 1878. Further, it will appear
that the exports of Chili to the United States during the year 1881 were
nearly double the amount of the imports for the same year, showing a
balance of trade largely against us.
The importations from Great Britain were more than doubled during
the five years mentioned, while the exports to that country during the
four years were more than two and one half times as great.
The imports from the United States during the year 1882 only
amounted to something over $2,000,000, while the imports from Great
Britain during the same year footed up to more than $17,000,000. The
exports to the United States during the last year given, 1«81, only
amounted to something over $3,000,000, while the exports to Great
Britain during the same year amounted to the large sum of more than
$43,000,000.
The study of these tables will develop other interesting facts.
Before closing this dispatch I desire to communicate to you some
further facts relating to the progress of this vigorous republic.
THE OUTLOOK FOE VALPARAISO.
Within a short time past a very fine mole or wharf has been built out
into the Bay of Valparaiso, beside which the largest ships may lie dur-
ing quiet weather, and, through means of improved machinery and ap-
pliances, load and discharge cargo with great facility, being a vast im-
provement upon the old system of performing the same work by launches.
The Government has also completed a large number of very commodious
and handsome storehouses. These works have been erected at a cost
of about $4,000,000. For the use of a mole a charge of f per cent,
upon the value of the merchandise is made, and for storage about 1 per
cent. Goods may remain in storage for three years, with the privilege
of an extension for three years longer. The articles in bond only pay
duty when taken out.
With the view of making Valparaiso the great shipping center of the
Southern Pacific, recent legislation has alK)lished every class of port
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 445
dues, incladiDg even light-hoase taxes. Further than this, all pro-
visions for the nse of ships are admitted free of duty. This legislation
virtually makes Valparaiso a free port for goods in bond, while it must
operate to draw all the shipping of the South Pacific to that port for
provisioning, &c. By means of the secure Government warehouses, mer-
chants in all localities along the coast, including those of adjoining
States, can store goods in Valparaiso ana draw for them whenneeded,
a great desideratum with those so far from the commercial centers of
the world.
Under the operation of these sagacious measures Valparaiso must
become to the South Pacific what San Francisco is to the North Pacific.
I may close this dispatch with the statement that all duties are pay-
able in silver dollars, rated at 38 pence, the rate of exchange, in GhUian
currency, ui>on London being fixed by Oovemment decree on the first
day of every month.
C. A. LOGAN.
United States Legation.
BantiagOj August 24, 1883.
Chap. IX.— ON THE TABLE OF APPRAISEMENT.
[InoUMiiTe No. 1.]
Abt. 66. The table of appraisement shaU be formed in the ^ort of Valparaiso by a
commission formed of the superintendent of customs, the chief inspector, and of a
number of merchants of different nations appointed by the President of the Rei>nblio
in every especial case. The presiding officer shall be the superintendent, and, in his
absence, the chief inspector.
Art. o6. The table of appraisement shall continue without change for the term of
one year, countinff from the day whioh the President of the Republic shall designate
on approvinpc it ; out it shall not come into effect till a month after its promulgation.
Abt. 67. Before the end of the year fixed in Art. 66, the President of the Republic
shall take the necessary steps for the continuance of the same tariff, or for the partial
or total reform that it may need.
Art. ^, The commission intrusted with the duty of forming the tariff shall make
their estimate takinsr into consideration the price of the goods in bond.
Art. 69. Merchandise not specified in the tariff shall be valued bv the appraisers,
with reference to the last wholesale sales whioh have taken place in the custom-house.
If this means of comparison be lacking, the p^ods shall be valued at the current mar-
ket price for the same article, minus all duties ; and if this also be wanting, the chief
appraiser shall determine the value from the quality of the goods.
Art. 70. Complaints upon appraisements shaU be laid before the superintendent of
the respective custom-house, whose decision shall be final, after hearing two experts,
one named by the custom-house and the other by the complaining party ; and consult-
ing with the chief of the board of appraisers in Valparaiso, and in other ports to the
inspector who has made the appraisal.
Art. 71. No complaint shall be received after a period of twenty-four hours has
elapsed after making the valuation, nor after the complaining party has removed the
goods from the custom-house.
446
TABIFFS OF THE SEYEiUL COUNTBIES.
THE CHILIAN TABIFF AND VALUATION OF MERCHANDISE.
[Indoffore Ko. 2.]
A. — Articles which pay a duty of 35 per omt
a. GENERAL HEBCHAimiSE.
No.
40
41
42
48
128
124
125
079
192
1
888
864
865
761
762
162
168
164
165
166
167
168
173
174
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
900
Artiole, Sto,
Albania for photofi^raphB :
Covers of wood, horn, oroloUi ^
Covers of paste, ivory, or Imitation tortoise shell
Covers of tortoise sheil, ivory, Rassian leather, or mother of nearl. . .
Same as No. 41, with engravings* inomstations, and mos^ work
Almond )Muite of Pern, gross weight
Billiard balls of ivory, or imitation
Balls:
Of stone. &c., for children's toys
Of marble, gliMs, or porcelain
Of rubber, for children's toys, plain or painted, gross weight
Baskets:
Empty, of straw, rush, or willow, with or without other material,
gross weight
Beadsof class, gross weight
Beads and buues, gross weight
Beads of metals, aU forms, gross weight
Beads of glass, aU forms, gross weight
Books:
Blank, with or without ruled spaces or paging
Printed, covers of tortoise shell, mother oi pearl, ivory or imitations,
gilded or plated, with or without filagree or mosaic of gold or silver.
Boots and shoes :
Men's, of all classes
Ladies', silk or mixed goods
Ladies', all other classes
Children's, silk or cotton mixture, with less than 18 centimeters of sole.
Children's, all other classes, with less than 18 centimeters of sole
Babies' gaiters, wool or mixed goods, gross weight
Same, of merino cashmere, gross weigut
Men's spatterdashes, without sole, leather, cloth or other material less
than 18 centimeters high
Same, more than 18 centimeters high
Slippers, calf, kid. Japanned or Morocco leather
Same, stamped clotli, wool, plush, or felt
Men's overshoes, of calf-skin, buttoned
Boys' overshoes, of calf-skin, from 18 to 22 centimeters long
Mens' shoes, all other kinds
Ladies' shoes, silk or cotton mixed
Ladies' shoes, all other classes
Children's shoes, all classes, less than 18 centimeters' length of sole
Shoes of rubber, with or without lining, gross weight
Bath-shoes, linen or Jute, hemp sole
Patterns, of wood
Same, of skin, wooden soles
Pattens or brogans of hide, leather dble
BillUrd tables, cloth for
Unit.
"Doiidn ....
...do....
...do.....
...do....
Kilogram
...do....
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
do
.do
Dosen
...do....
...do....
...do....
..do...
..do....
Kilogram
Dozen ....
...do....
...do....
...do....
.. do....
...do....
..do....
...do....
...do....
...do....
.. do....
Kilogram
Dosen ...
...do....
...do....
...do....
Metert...
Yalna.
tlon.»
$6 00
16 00
72 00
264 00
15
20 00
le
27
1 50
50
75
30
4 00
76
4 70
30 00
36 00
48 00
16 00
24 00
8 00
4 00
3 50
12 00
80 00
15 00
7 00
14 00
7 00
20 00
24 00
12 00
6 00
2 00
2 OO
4
0
OO
OO
24 00
3 OO
* Chilian silver dollars. One Chilian silver dollar ■■ 76 cents American. t Meter » 89.87 inches-
TABIFP8 OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
447
A. — Jriiolea whU^pay a duty of ^ per oett^— Continued,
a. 6ENSBAL MERCHAimiSB.
17o.
1252
iae2
964
965
403
404
821
735
1S42
1343
1U4
1845
118
1333
1334
1835
1836
1837
44
45
46
47
206
207
208
270
160
468
1065
627
225
846
180
131
132
Article, &o.
240
241
242
248
582
533
1062
1083
1084
1086
1088
1089
1090
1001
1002
1003
1094
1095
1006
1097
1096
1090
1100
1101
1108
Bmiardcaes:
Leather disks for
Of wood
Blinds, Venetian:
Woodf painted, slats less than 3 centimeters broad, without oomioe
or ornaments
With cornices or other ornaments, to be appraised.
Brooms:
Common, with orwithoat handles
Of bmshwood, for ships, with orwithoat handles
Broom-handles, wood, plain or painted, gross weight
Brashes, for hair table, hat, or clothes, fine
Bricks or tiles of Jasper or marble, polished, gross weight
Candles:
Wax or imitation, plain or gilded, gross weight
Stearine, paraffins, or composition, boxes, gross weight
Stearine, parafflne, or compoailion, in large boxes, gross weight
Sperm, gross weight
Canes ^r wiuking^sticks, to be appraised.
Carpeting:
Woven, of hempor Jate, gross weight
Of wool, called Brussels, gross weight
Of wool, all other classes, groMS weight
With nap, BrasseU, gross weight
With nap, all other classes, gross weight
Prayer-rugs, shaggy wool ur velveteen, with or without cotton mix-
ture, gross weight ..
Prayer-rugs, Brussels, gross weight
Prayer-rugs, hides or skins
Prayer-rugs, fine, made up, to be appraised.
Carriages:
T wo wheels, with or without harness
Four wheels, one seat, with or without harness.
Four wheels, two seats, with or without harness
For infimts, all classes
Caskets, cardboard, wood, porcelain, glass, or xioc, for toilet table, with
or without puffbsjls
Caskets, or empty Jewel-cases, gross weight
Cheeses, gross weight
Cherries, dried, gross weight
Chestnuts, with or without the shells, gross weight
Chocolate, in cake or powder, gross weight
Cigar-holders:
Coarse, wood or rubber, including cases
Amber or imitation, with or without parts of othw material, includ-
ing cases
All other classes, including the cases
Cigar-cases:
Ordinary, Peruvian straw
Medium or fine, Peruvian straw
Russian leather or imitation
Ordinary leather
With cover of common metal, gilded or plated, tortoise shell, mother
of pearl, or ivory
Cloth:
Linen, British, Hollands, Irish, du)., in cases, not elsewhere specified,
gross weight
Same, in small nackages, not otherwise specified, gross weight
Clothing, ready-made :
BaMs' long clothes, of cotton, plain or bordered or ornamented
Same, silk or merino, plain, bordered, or ornamented
Ladies' gauze or cotton tulle fichu, with or without ornaments
Men's and boys linen stockings, gross weight
Drawers, cotton point
Drawers, wool, woolen flannel, or cotton mixture, gross weight
Drawers, cotton stuff, gross weight
Drawers, linen or cotton mixed goods, gross weight
Ladies* plain cotton hose
Ladies' edged or ornamented hose
Ladies* pUan linen or cotton mixed hose
Lsdies' linen or cotton mixed hose, edged or Mubroideied
Striped cotton shirts for workmen, gross weights
Men's and boys' white shirts, cotton, chints, or percale, gross weight. .
Men's add boys' white shiru, with unen pieces, gross wdght
Men's and boys* white linen shirts, gross weight
Men's and boys' shirts of flannel wool or with cotton mixture, gross
weight
Sailors* shirts of woolen baize
Workmen's shirts of canvas or linen listing or with cotton listing
Unit
LOOO..
Dozen
One.
Dozen ...
...do....
Kilogram
Dosen ...
Kilogram
.do
.do
.do
.do
...do
...do
...do
...do
"^
...do
.. do
One..
Valua-
tion.
64 OO
80O
40O
250
60
15
OOO
05
1 00
40
80
1 OO
1
1
2
1
2
1
6
70
50
00
20
80
00
60
00
do
do
do
do
1,
800 00
600 00
000 00
6 00
Dozen
Kilogram
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do....
2
6
.do
do
.do
Dozen
...do.
...do.
...do.
do
Kilogram
...do....
One
...do....,
. do....
Kilogram
'.'..do'.'.V.
...do....
...do....
Dozen ...
...do....
...do....
... do ...
Kilogram
— do f....
..do
...do....
00
00
40
15
08
40
600
200 00
25 00
1 25
18 00
24 00
4 00
80 00
2 50
3 00
4 00
12 00
1 25
9 00
10
50
40
65
00
....do.
Dosen
...do.
12 00
15 00
24 00
1 00
1 25
1 40
8 80"
2 75
7 00
600
448
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — ArHcUs which pay a duly of ^ per cent. — Continued,
a. OBNERAL MERCRANDI8E.
No.
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1108
1110
1111
1112
1118
1114
1115
lue
1117
1U8
1119
1120
1121
1122
1128
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1182
1133
1134
1135
1130
1138
1140
1142
1144
1145
1148
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1154
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1101
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
Article, See.
Clothinff, ready made— Continaed.
La^Uea' and miuee' plain cotton shirts
Same, edged or adorned with overlaid work
Ladles' and misses' linen shirts, plain or with stripes, orerlaid
Ladies' and misses' linen shirts, with lace edging or ornaments
Body shirts of cotton point, ffross weight .
Body shirts of woolen point or woolen flannel with cotton mixture,
gross weisht
Body shirts for babies (will be valued at | of the corresponding
shirts for ladiesL Sec.)
Ladies' and misses' ruffled cotton shirts, with or without sleeves or
pieces of linen, plain or edged
Same, with braids or fine laces
Ladies' capes, cloaks, or mantillas, silk velvet or plush, or with
cotton mixture, with fine linen or silk lace, plain or ornamented. .
Same as No. 1112, of any silk or cotton mixture
Same, of cloth, cashmere, or any woolen goods, or with cotton mix-
ture, not ornamented
Same, edsed or adorned .
Same, of linen or cotton stuff, without ornaments
Same, edged or adorned ^
Silk cravats or with cotton mixture, narrow
Neckties of silk or with cotton mixture, shortf with spring or without
Silk cravats or with cotton mixture, long, all other classes
Cravats of muslin or any cotton goods
Men's paper collars or with cotton facing
Men's cotton or rubber collars
Men's linen or cotton mixed collars
Ladies' or children's cotton collars, without cu£fii, plain or edged
Same, with cuffs or sleeves
Ladies' or children's linen or cotton mixed collars, without ouflil^
plainoredged
Same, withcuffii or sleeves
Collars, with fine laces, to be appraised.
Men's or boys' vests, silk, cloth, cashmere, or wool, with or without
cotton mixture
Same, all other classes
Workmen's jackets of ordinary cloth or baise, with or without cot-
ton mixture
Men's and boys' Jackets of pilot cloth, with or without cott<m mix-
ture
Men's and boys' short jackets, cotton point
Same, of woolen point, wither without cotton
Same, with sleeves or other parts of silk
Ladies' or misses' plain cotton skirts, made up
Same, bord< red or ornamented
Same, of linen or cotton mixture, plain made op
Same, bordered or ornamented, made up
Same, of wool or cotton mixture, plain or omamentod
Coats of cassimere or woolen doth
Coats of cotton mixed goods
Men's or l>oys' frock coats of cassimere or woolen cloth
Same, with mixture of cotton
Same, cottMin, linen, woolen or cotton alpaca, or other similar goods..
Mantes of merino or woolen cashmere, bordered, with or ^thout
braid. See, gross weight
Linen socks, with or without open work or borders, gross weight
Men's and boys' trousers, cassimere or woolen cloth
Same, of cotton mixed goods
Same, of cotton or linen goods
Sailors' ordinary oilskin pantaloons
Men's and ladies' cufb or cotton stuff, with or without ornament and
borders, pairs
Same, of linen, or with pieces of cotton, with or without ornament
and borders, pairs
Fur cufih, pairs
Men's and boys* raglans, cloth or cassimere
Same, with cotton mixture
Men's and boys' sacks or blouses of cassimere or woolen cloth
Same, of cotton mixed goods
Same, cotton or linen, woolen or cotton, alpaca, or like goods
Meq's and boys' overcoats, cloth or cassimere
Same, with cotton mi xtnre
Same, cotton, linen, woolen, or cotton alpaca, or like goods
Same, of rubber
Same, of rubber, in form of poncho
Same, of oiled doth, fur sailors
Unit.
Dosen
.. do....
. ...do .....
...do....
Kilogram
do
.do
.do
.do
One..
...do
... do.
...do.
....do .
...do.
Dosen
....do .
...do.
...do.
.. do.
...do.
...do.
...do .
...do.
do
.do
.do .
do.
do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.. do
...do
...do
...do
...do
One .
...do
...do
...do
...do
Kilognun
...do....
DoEon ...
...do....
...do....
...do....
.do
...do.
...do.
One...
...do.
..do.
..do.
.. do.
...do.
...do.
...do
...do.
...do.
Bosen
Valn».
tion.
8 00
18 00
30 00
48 00
1 10
3 50
12 00
24 00
40 00
25 00
8 00
13 00
2
5
1
3
4
1
2
2
5
50
00
00
00
00
75
12
25
00
SO
00
3 50
7 00
18 00
9 00
24 00
36 00
9 00
15 00
48 00
8 00
24 00
28 00
42 00
15 00
15 00
10 00
10 00
6 00
3 00
10 00
9 00
24 00
18 00
9 00
6 00
2 50
8 56
5 00
10 00
7
4
00
00
2 00
1
9
6
25
00
00
2 00
2 50
250
800
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL OODNTHIES.
449
A. — Ariiolea which pay a duty of 35 per cent — Continued.
a.6BNBBAX HERCHAKDISE.
Ka
U74
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
261
073
161
287
288
628
629
530
772
801
806
811
812
280
200
14
15
16
857
858
867
1060
1200
1211
1212
1213
1214
884
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
10
11
12
Artiole, &o.
ClothiDir, ready made— Contixiaed.
Children's suits (2 or 3 pieces), oassimere, wool, or cotton mixed
goods, trousers not more than 85 centimeters long
Same, cotton, linen, cotton or woolen alpaca, or like goods, trousers
a8inNo.ll74
Men's suits, cotton or linen, 2 or 3 pieces
Ladies' and misses' gowns and dresses, cotton or linen, plain
Same, with ornaments of any kind but silk
Same, with silk ornaments
Ladies' dresses, wool or cotton mixture, without silk ornaments
Same, silk or silk and cotton mixture, without silk ornaments
Same, silk or silk and cotton mixtm-e, ornaments of beads, lace, velvet.
Same, silk velvet or plush, or silk and cotton mixture, plain or orna-
mented
Same, grenadine, thread crape, canton crape, or with cotton mixture.
Ladier bath dresses, wool or linen. 2 pieces
Children's short dresses, silk velvet or silk and cotton mixture, plain
or ornamented
Same, of silk, cloth, or cashmere, with or without cotton mixture
Same, of other class, of woolen or cotton mixture
Same, of cotton or linen stuff
Cococmutsof Panama
Combs of ivory, packing-boxes, Sec, included
Confections^ packages and cornucopias for, gross weight
Corsets for ladies :
Cotton or linen -..
Silk
Unit
ion
Crackers:
Common, without sugar or Inrd, diameter over 8 centimeters, gross
weight
Same, d uuneter less than 8 centimeters, gross weight
All classes, prepared with sugar or laru, gross weight
Crockery, articles of, fine, with or without other mateiials, not elsewhere
specified, gross weight
Crystal: •
Fine articles, with or without other materials, not elsewhere speci-
fied, gross weight .
Olaaa lanterns, gross weight
Plain glass, over 4 millimeters thick (to be valued like mirrors, with
50 per cent discount), to be appraised.
Plain glass, colored, frosted, or suuned, gross weight ■
Curtains:
Cambric, gauze, lipen. or muslin, plain, worked or bordered
Imitation guipure, pointe, or tulle, bordered or **d'applioatii
Curtain clasps :
Cotton, medium grade, pairs
Cotton, of all other classes, pairs •
Wool, silk, mixed goods, or other material, pairs
Damask linen :
In cases, gross weight
In packages and bundles, gross weight
Dates, gross weight
Doors and windows of wood, to be appraised.
Dry goods:
Napkins and table-cloths of linen damask, gross weight
Table covers, linen or cotton mixed duuask, $0,006 for every cenU*
meter of width
Table covers, cloth, cashmere, flannel, linen or cotton mixed rep,
$0,012 for every centimeter of width
Same, with silk ornaments, $0.02 for every centimeter of width
Table covers of woolen or cotton mixea velvet or Jute, $0,015 for
every centimeter of width
Hollands or linen cambric, gross weight
Fans:
Palm-leaf
Paper, slats, cardboard, or wood, with or without ornaments
Wood, plain or stained, slata smooth or carved, pnper or plain cotton
ground
WoM, varnished or pidnted, ribs smooth or carved, paper or plain
cotton ground
Bone, sandalwood, ebony, ooooanut, rosewood, varnished, carved, or
studded, naper or pUin cotton ground
Wood, vamisned or painted, ribs smooth or carved, silk or mixed
ground
Bone, sandalwood, ebony, roaewood, cocoanut, gilded or carved, silk
or mixed ground
Mother of pearl, ribs smooth, gilded, carved, or studded, paper ground .
Same as No. 0; silk or mixed ground
Oriental mother of pearl, tortoise shell, or ivory, paper ground
Same as Nail; silk or mixed ground
1784 CONG — A P 29
One.
do
do
.do
do
do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
... do....
...do....
...do....
...do....
Hundred.
Kilogram
Dozen
..do.
Kilogrun
.do
.do
do
.do
Pair.
...do
Dozen
...do .
...do-
Kilogram
...dS....
...do....
...do.
Meter
do
.do
...do....
Kilogram
Dozen
....do .
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Valua-
tion.
4 00
2
3
00
00
8 00
10 00
20 00
30 00
70 00
100 00
200 00
80 00
6 00
20 00
8 00
5
1
2
00
00
00
15
00
15 00
60 00
07
80
60
20
50
25
2
5
12
50
00
2 50
6 00
24 00
1
2
65
00
85
2 50
07
40
2 00
1 00
2 50
6 00
000
15 00
80 00
40 00
60 00
96 00
450
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Articles which pay a duty of 25 per cent, — Continaed.
a. 6ENEBAL MERCHANDISE.
No.
13
1039
632
450
479
480
85
262
987
988
489
490
491
835
488
484
465
486
520
521
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
1000
829
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
100
788
780
790
791
792
793
Article, &o.
Fans— Continued.
• Superfine with stones, silk or fine laces, to be appraised.
Featbi-rs, all classes for hat ornaments, gross weight
Figs, dried, gross weight
Fignres:
Stamps, engravings, models, or maps (of all classes, except machine-
maae) on paper, grot^ weight
Fancy work for table ornaments of plaster of paris, crockery, eai th-
en ware, wood, metal, mother of^ pearl, alabaster, porcelain, clay
or glas9, with or without other materials, bulk
Same, incases with other goods, by bulk.
Filbeils, gross weight
Fireworks. Chinese, artificial, gross weight
Fish :
Dried, gross weight
In brine, in wooden vessels, gross weight
Flower-potij :
All classes, except of china, porcelain, glass, or crystal, to be appraised.
Flowers :
Artificial, in branches, or any other ornaments, including packing-
boxes, &.0
Foot-muffs, of hide or other material
Frames:
Of wood, gilded or varnished, for pictures, to be vnlued as mirrors,
with 50 per cent, discount
Fringes of cotton :
For dress-trimming, with or without beads, including packing-boxes,
&c —
Of cotton, with or without other material, for upholstering, including
packing-boxes, 6cc ,
Of wool, for di CHS ti imming, with or without beads or other mateiial,
including packing-boxes, 6cc
Of wool, for upholstering, without or with beads or other material,
includinf4 packing boxes. See
Fruits :
lu water, mm, or their own juice, gross weight
Dried, not elsewhere Hpecified, gross weight
Furniture :
Lounges, chairs, sofas or arm-chairs, of wood, with seat and back of
same material, put toget her or in separate pieces, with or without
pieces of iron, painted or vumishcd, gi'osM weight
Same as Ko. 8b8, upholstered with cloth, leather, or imitation, gross
weight
Same as No. 8C8, seat of gi-aas hemp, or cane, wool, dec, gross weight. .
Same as No. 868, upholstered in white, made up or in separate pieces,
with or without pieces of iron, plain, painted, or varnished, gross
weight
Same as No. 86^^, of ordinary wood, as pine, fir, beach, and oak, not
elsewhere specified, with or without mirrors or marbles, set up
or detached, plain, painted, or varnished, gross weight
Same, of fine woo<ls, as mahogany, cedar, loeewood, walnut, sandal-
wood and the like, not elsewhere specified, with or without
miiTors or marbks, plain, painted or varnished, made up or de-
tached, including ordinary woods with trimmings of fine woods,
gioss weight
Gilded, inlaid with mother of pearl or with metallic ornaments, with
or without mirrors or marbles, plain or upholstered, or cane-
seated, made up or detached, gross weight
Furs prepared for ornaments or coverings, to be appraised.
Fur mufla for ladies, to be Mppraised.
Games :
C hessmen of wood or bone
Chessmen of ivory
Dice, of bone, shell, or ivory
Checker-boards, of wood
Domiiios, of bone or wood (28 pieces)
Loto (lotterv) of 48 cards, in caaes of wood or cardboard
Billiard-tables with 12 cues, 4 balls, 1 marker (tee aUo under Bil-
liards)
Card-counters, bone, mother of pearl, or ivory
Playing-cards, all kinds
Glass (tee alto Cr>'stal) : Panes, varnished or treated with mercury,
measurement shall be taken of the surface and valued according
to the following scale :
From 8,001 to 0,126 square centimeters
From 9, 127 to 9,021 square centimeters
From 9,922 to 10,751 square centimeters
From 10,752 to 11,616 square centimeters
From 11,617 to 12,510 square centimeters
From 12,511 to 13,441 square centimeters
Unit
Kilogram
..do.....
.do
Cub. docixn.
...do
Kilogram ..
...do.
do
do
...do..
Dozen
One.
Kilogram
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
do
do
Dozen
...do ,.
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
One
Hundred
Gross
One.
.do
..do
..do
. do
..do
ValuA.
tion.
$60 00
18
1 50
25
40
10
37
17
12
12 00
9 00
2 00
1 00
3 00
1 50
30
10
12
75
25
55
25
50
80
18 00
120 00
60
9 00
6 00
4 00
220 00
2 00
16 00
20 00
22 00
24 00
27 00
30 00
38 00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
451
A. — ArUcleB wMch pay a duijt of ^per cent. — Continned.
a. GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
No.
794
7»
796
797
798
709
AOO
■801
802
•803
804
805
.806
807
808
809
810
811
812
«13
.814
815
e20
621
«22
623
624
889
524
525
1048
1261
1292
155
718
913
914
915
930
1284
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1.127
1228
1229
1282
1283
1284
1236
1287
1289
1241
1242
1243
1245
1246
1248
1249
1277
1278
1855
Article, Slc,
Glass — Continued.
From 13,442 to 14,406 sqoare centimeters
From 14,407 to 15,401 square centimeters
From 15,402 to 16,432 square centimeters
From 16,433 to 17,496 square centimeters ^
From 17,497 to 18,816 square centimeters
From 18,817 to 19,050 stiuare centimeters
From 19,151 to 21,121 square centimeters
From 21,122 to 22,326 square centimeters
From 22,327 to 23,6C0 square centimeters
From 23,661 to 24.831 square centimeters
From 24,832 to 26, 136 square centimeters
From 26,137 to 27,469 square centimeters
From 27,470 to 28,841 square centimeters ■ ..
From 28,842 to 30,246 square centimeters
From 30,247 to 31.680 sqnaie centimeters
From 31,681 to 33,151 square centimeters
From 33,152 to 34,049 square centimeters
From 34,950 to 36,600 square centimeters
From 36,601 to 38,200 square centimeters
From 38,201 to 40,000 square centimeters ■
From 40,001 to 41,500 square centimeters
Glass, without mercury, over 4 millimeters thick, for show-windows, to
be measured by the preceding scale, with a redaction of 60 per
cent 1
Gloves :
Cotton point, ordinary, fnt>ss weight
Lisle thread, gross weight
Of wool, with or without nap, gross weight
Woolen point (including packings)
Of fur (includiuj; packings)
Gold in pieces for dmner or tea service
Gun ca^esof leather
Revolver cases, of leatber, japanned, or chamois, with or withoat
belt
Gunpowder for sportsmen
Gun-wads, prepared, groHs weight
Game-bags, for sportshien, hemp thread, net, or skin
Hair, human, prepared or not ■
Hams, gross weight
Handkerchiefs :
Hemstitched
Linen, with letters worked or embroidered, single point
Same as No. 914, double point or more
Cassimere
Harness for carriages
Hats:
Sailors' or workingmen's caps of baiae or oiled cloth
Of caoutchouc
Of horsehair, straw, cotton stuff, or cotton and wool mixture
Caps of cloth or any kind of wool, silk, or mixture
Caps, for children, cotton or hnen, without silk ornaments
Same, with silk ornaments
Caps, for babes, lineu.'wool, or silk, resembling hats .*. .
Caps, for babes, silk or mixed velvet, with or without ornaments —
Of silk or mixed plush, for soldiers or priests, complete or incomplete .
Same, with high or low crown, complete or untrimmed, with or with-
out hat-boxes
Of beaver or imitation, high crown, trimmed or not, with or withoat
hat-boxes
For men or boys, of cloth or any kind of wool or silk
For same, of linen or cotton
Of wool, silk or fur, not trimmed nor adorned, for children and ladies.
All other classes for ladies or children, except of silk or mixed velvets,
and those with laces or fine trimming
Same lor babes
Silk or mixed velvets, or with laces and trimmings for ladies and
children
Straw, ordinary, gross wei ght
Fine straw
Straw, not elsewhere specified, ontrimmed
Same, trimmed, for men and boys
Hat boxes or cases :
Of cardboard
Same, of cloth or skin
Labels or tickets :
Paper, gilded or bronzed, plain or printed, in books or sheets, for
drag bottles ,
Unit.
One..
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.. do
.. do
...do
.. do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.'..do
...do
.. do
...do
...do
...do
Valua-
tion.
$36 00
39 00
43 00
47 00
51 00
56 00
59 00
64 00
69 00
74 00
79 00
84 00
90 00
96 00
102 00
108 00
114 00
120 00
126 00
186 00
160 00
.do
Kilogram
... do
...do....
...do....
.. do....
Gram"
Dozen ....
..do....
Kilogram
Dozen ...
Kilogram
Dozen ....
...do
...do....
Kilogram
One
Dozen
.. do.
...do.
...do.
... do .
do.
...do.
...do.
One...
.do
...do.
Dozen
..do.
....do .
.do
.do
One
Kilogram
Dozen —
...do....
do
do
2 50
5 00
8 00
5 00
80 00
80
24 00
12 00
45
00
24 00
20 00
30
2 50
6 00
24 00
20 (y)
60 00
2
3
6
50
00
00
8 00
2 50
6 00
12 00
24 00
5 no
2 60
4 00
14 00
8 00
12 00
24 00
12 00
7
4
00
00
8 00
6 00
8 00
Elilogram
2 00
30 00
18 00
*Gram= 15.488 grains.
452
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Artiolea whiakpay a duty of 'Sbper cent, — Contlnaed.
o. GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
Na
1866
888
887
838
834
845
843
844
494
495
496
497
271
472
749
423
424
426
426
427
426
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
848
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
863
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
671
672
678
674
675
676
677
678
679
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
Article, &o.
Labels or tickets— Continned.
Of all other classes
Laces:
Llnm, ordinary and fair, frross weight
Linen, fine, Chantilly, Dncness, Medici, English point, Valenciennes
&c., including boxes
Lard:
Of beef or hog, in tin cans, gross weight.
Same in barrels, gross weigl
Mantel pieces or stove tops, mM'ble, gross weight
Masks:
Varnished cardboard, all sizes
Of wire, wax, or silk, all sizes
Match-boxes, mother-of-peiffl or ivory
Matches:
Of wood, gross weiffht
Of wax, gross weight
Of paper, gross weight
Mattresses wiUi springs •
Mats, hemp or grass, with or without woolen boarders, loss than 120 cen-
tiroeters long
Milk, preserved, pure or in simple simp, gross weijrht
MiiTors, best classes; square, wooden frune. Surface to be measured
and appraised as per scale following :
From 8,001 to 9,126 square centimeters
From 9,127 to 9,921 square centimeters
From 9,922 to 10,751 square centimeters
From 10,752 to 11,616 square centimeters
From 11,617 to 12,510 square centimeters
• From 12,511 to 13,441 square centimeters
From 13,442 to 14,406 square centimeters
From 14,407 to 1^,401 square centimeters
From 15,402 to 16,432 square centimeters
From 16,433 to 17.496 square centimeters ....'
From 17,497 to 18,816 square centimeters
From 18,817 to 19,950 square centimeters
From 19,951 to 21,121 square centimeters
From 21,122 to 22,326 square centimeters
From 22,327 to 23,660 square centimeters
From 23,661 to 24,831 square centimeters
From 24,832 to 26,136 square centimeters
From 26,137 to 27,469 square centimeters
From 27,470 to 28,841 square centimeters
From 28,842 to 30,246 square centimeters..... '..
From 30,247 to 31,680 square centimeters
From 31,681 to 33,151 square centimeters
From ^3,152 to 34,949 square centimeters
Mirrors, oval or elliptical, wood frame, to be valued by the preceding
scale with an increase of 25 per cent., to be appraised.
Mosaics of wood, gross weight
Musical instruments :
Violin bows
Cello bows
Mouth-pieces, wood or metal
Accordeons, np to 22 centimeters long .......* :
Accordeons, up to 27 centimeters long
Accordeons, up to 32 centimeters long
Accordeons, more than 32 centimeters long, plain or ornamented
Harmonium, up to 4 octaves
Harmonium, double-pedal, key-board , 4 octaves
All mouth instrumftnts of metal for bands, except comets and clarions.
Bass drums for bands :
Regimental drums
Music boxes, with crank, less than 7 centimeters long
Same, with metal cylinder, 8 to 14 centimeters long
Same, 15 to 30 centimeters long
Same, 81 to 41 centimeters long
Same, 42 to 51 centimeters long
Same, ovei 51 centimeters long, to be appraised.
Organ-pip.^
Comets <Uid ciurions for teoops
Clarioneitt (i-eouintos)
Orchestral bells (chinescos)
Flutes, of woud, one key
Same, up to five keys
Same, or more than 5 keys
Guitars, ordinary, of white wood
Same, all other classes ,
Metronomes ,....
Small flutes (oct8.vines) wood
Unit
Kilogram
..do
do
do
do
.do
Dozen
...do..
...do..
Kilogram
...do'.'.'.'.'.
One
Dozen ....
Kilogram
One.
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
..do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Kilogram
Dozen
...do..
..do..
...do..
...do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
One...
.ao
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
..do..
..do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
Dozen
One...
...do..
...do..
Valua-
tion.
13 7S
10 60
60 00
25
20
20
1 00
6 00
15 00
20
75
07
12 00
18 00
35
40 00
44 00
48 00
54 00
60 00
66 00
72 00
78 00
88 00
04 00
102 00
110 00
118 00
128 00
138 00
148 00
158 00
168 00
180 00
102 00
204 00
216 00
228 00
30
6 00
12 00
60
4 00
9 00
15 00
86 00
90 00
50 00
10 00
12 00
8 00
1 00
2 50
10 00
16 00
20 00
10 00
8 00
10 00
10 00
1 00
2 00
12 00
15 00
8 00
800
1 00
TASIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBIES.
453
. — Artioles which pay a duty of 35 per owi, — Continued,
a. GENXBAL HXBCHAin>ISE.
ITa
«89
eoo
601
692
693
094
695
696
697
690
700
701
702
703
704
706
707
708
700
710
396
316
885
892
140
141
815
128
758
OQl
047
953
955
870
981
982
983
498
896
897
891
1054
1055
1324
1068
274
969
1298
1299
1109
1201
1200
1197
822
452
463
454
60
80
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
836
Artlole, &0.
Mnsioal InBtramento— Continaed.
Harmonic orsans, 1 register, 4 ootayes
Same, to 5 roisters, 5 ootavee
Same, to 11 reiriatera, 5 octaves
Same, to 14 registera, 5 ootayee
SamOito 18 registers, 5 octaves
Same, up to 21 registers, 5 octaves
Same, more than 21 registers, to be appraised.
Hand-organs
Timbrels for band
Pianos, horizontal or long, with legs ; of any wood or woods, com-
plete or incomplete, pat together or detached, with or withoat
pedestals, up to 2 meters long
Same, over two meters long
Same, npright, otherwise same as No. 600
Fifes
Cymbals for bands
Inimis. with tighteuing cords or screws
Same, for orchestra (pairf)
Triangles
Violins, without case, with bow or not
Coanterbass, withoat case, with bow or not
Cellos, withoat case, with bow or not
Twisted strings for instruments
Cat-gut for strines for instruments, gross weight
Orders, accounts, policies, invoices. &c.. on cotton paper, gross weight...
Oysters in water, or tin, glass, or china packing, gross weight
Pack-thread, white or unbleached linen, in boxes, gross weight
Same, in bundles or packages, gross weight
Paintings in oil, per square decimeter, including ftwne
Paper bags, for packing, gilded or plated, gross weight
Paper :
Packages, for cigarettes, gross weight
Brown, for wrapping, gross weight «
Of cotton, for cigarettes, gross weight
For rooms, fire-gilded, striped, or plated, all classes, gross weight
For rooms, common gilded, gross weight
Peaches, dried, gross weight
Perfnmery:
Floridfa water, Kananga, Duchess, Divine, or Celestial, gross weight..
Ordinarv toilet soap, withoat wrapping, gross weight. —
Soap, all other classes, not elsewhere specified, and toilet soap with
wrapping, groi*s weight
Photographs, all cla8s<^s, without frame, gross weight
Pickles, of all kinds of garden produce, in water, vinegar, or sance; case
of glass, crockery, or earthenware, gross weight.
Same, mburels
Plaitinf^s, gauze or silk tulle, with laces, &c., less than 8 c^itimeters wide.
Porcelams, articles, painted or gilded, with or without other materiids, not
elsewhere specified, in oarrels or hogsheads, gross weight
Same, in cases and other packages, gross weight ^
Pork, salt^ gross weight
Portmonnaies, of common metals, plated or gilded, tortoise shell, mother-
of-pearl, ivory, or imitations
Preserves of all classes for food, not npecified, gross weight
Raisins, gross weight
Saddles:
For ladies, with or without furniture
For men or boys, with or without furniture
Salmon or other fish ; Vessel tin, glass or clay, gross weight
Sardines preserved and prepared in oil, gross weight
Sauces of all kinds gross weight
Sausages of all classes, gross weight
Skins, otter, for ladies' wear, and trimmings
Statues:
Clay or earth, including packing-boxes, &c
Marble, gross weight
All other clnssos, to be appraised.
Stomach bitters, gross weight
Sugar:
Refined, loaf Jump, or crushed ; diy or moist ; from whatever country .
.White (e. j^., Kosa £milia), crushed or lump; moist or dry; 80.434 per
cent ,
Granulated, first product, moist or dry; 60.809 per cent
Granulated, second product, moist or dry ; 45.652 per cent
Nos. 20, 19, 18, 17, Dutch chamber, moist or dry ; 70.434 per cent
Nos. 16, 15, 14, 13jpatch.&hamb^r, moist or dry ; 58.695 per cent
Nos. 12, 11, 10, 9, Dutch chamber, moist or drv; 45.652 per cent
Nos. 8 to 1, Dutch chamber, moist or dry ; 37.S26 percent
Coarse^ in small cakes •,
Unit
One.
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.do
.do
...do ,
...do
...do
Doien
Pair
One
...do
...do
••*>
...do
...do
Kilogram..
...do.
do
...do
...do
...do
8q. decimeter
Kilogram ..
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
...do..
...do..
Meter.
Kilogram
...do.....
...do
Dozen ...
Kilogram
...do.....
One
...do
Kilogram..
.. doT......
...do
..do
Dozen
Cubic deoim
Kilogram...
.do
Quintal
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Valna-
tion.
186 00
60 00
85 00
125 00
150 00
225 00
00 00
2 00
850 00
000 00
226 00
200
10 00
800
100 00
1 60
8 00
15 00
10 00
600
0 60
1 00
25
220
266
80
80
126
14
40
1 00
45
20
80
40
76
4 00
20
10
25
15
20
20
18 00
60
20
24 00
16 00
25
87
80
60
120 00
06
20
26
28 00
18 60
14 00
10 60
16 20
13 60
10 50
8 70
8 70
454
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — ArHolea wMoh pay a duty of 35 per cent — Continaed.
a. GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
No.
887
714
880
841
842
1025
1026
1027
202
726
1204
1205
062
204
1267
1268
1260
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1866
1867
1860
1870
1871
1400
1364
1383
1802
1887
1884
1385
1402
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1416
1416
1417
1886
1407
1408
1868
1876
1876
1878
1880
1888
1880
1425
Article, Sec
Sagar— ContinnecL
Coarse, in large cakee, groes weight
Simp of all classes except medicines, ttroM weight
Sweetmeats in simp, crystals, or contections. gross weight
Tiles or tablets, marble or Jasper, polished, all sizes, gross weight
Same, as monuments or bas reliefs, with or without ornaments, gir-
dles, or figures, not elsewhere specified, gross weight
Tobacco pipes:
Coarse clay, gross weight
Of wood or fine day, wiUi or without other material, including
boxes, &4$ '...
Meerschaum or chip, including boxes, Sio
Tortoise shell, articles not specified
Toys, wax, rubber, tin. wood, lead, card-board, crockery, or plaster of
P<u1s, not specified, gross weight
Traveling bags:
Skin, canvas, rubber. Sec., not valises
YaliMos
Trimmings:
Cords, braid, straw ornaments, including boxes. &o
Falsified metals, gilded- or plated, with or without cotton, linen, or
silk mixture, including boxes, dtc
Truffles, gross weight
Trunks or valises:
Wood or card -board, paper, tin, canvas or sheep lining, up to 75 cen-
timeters long
Same, over 75 centimeters long
Wood, covered with horse, pig, or cow skin, or imitations, up to 75
centimeters long
Same, over 75 centimeters long ..
From China, in set of two trunks
Same, in set of three trunks
Same, in set of four trunks
Same, in set of five trunks
b. SILK GOODS.
Articles of silk:
With borders, not specified, including packings
SameasNo. 1366, without borders
Brocade:
With silver thread, with or without gilding, $0.1u for each centim-
eter of width
With ordinary metallic thread, $U.04 per centimeter of width
With cotton mixture, $0.03 per centimeter wide
Caps, silk or silk mixed
Clasps, silk with body of metal, by pairs
Collarets, silk gauze, tulle, or crape
Corded silk for embroidering, gi-oss weight
Crape (thread) in pieces, including packings
Damask:
Brocatel, rep or raw silk for famiture, &o., including packings
With cotton or wool mixture for furniture, including packings, &c...
Gloves and mitts, silk or mixed goods, plain, worked, or edged
Kerchiefs:
Thread silk, bordered, including packings
Thread silk, not bordered, induduig packings
For hand or neck, all other classes oi silk except fioss silk, including
packings ,
Floss silk, including packings
Silk and cotton mixea, including packings
Black, of Chinese silk, inferior quality for sailors' cravats
Of gros, pekin, serge or tafiety of silk, plain or ornamented, fdl sizes,
Incluaing packings
Shawls, veils, scallops, Stc., of eauze, grenadine, levantine, tulle, or
any thin silk stufi*, plain or worked! including packings
Laces or suk guipures, or or mixed goods, plain or ornamented
Mantos:
Thread silk, edged, including packings, &c
Same, not edged, including packings
Purses for mone}', silk point
Ribbons:
All widths, plain silk, including packings
Of gros, mohair, or raw silk, for modist^ plain, edged, or worked, in*
eluding packings
Transparent silk, cr6pe, sauze, tulle, &c., plain, fretted, edged, or
worked, including packings
Of velvet or velveteen, plain or flowered, including packings
Of silk-thread cr^pe, including packings
Of silk point, gross weight
Cord, twist, fringes, flounces, braid, &c., with or without beads or
metal, or other material for dress ornaments, including pack-
ings
Unit.
Yaloft.
tion.
Kilogram
...do....
...do ....
...do....
.do
.do
...do
...do
Gram
Kilogram
One..
...do
Kilogram
do
.do
One..
... do
do
.do
Set
do
.do
do
Kilogram
do .
Meter ....
...do....
...do....
Kilogram .
Dozen —
Kilogram
...do
...do....
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
...do.
...do.
...do.
Dozen
Kilogram...
.do
.do
...do.
...do.
Dozen
Kilogram
...do ...
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
$0 1»
30
50
15
20
IS
70
40 OO
08
50
1 50
8 00
6 OO
5 00
1 00
3 OO
4 50
7 00
10 OO
15 OO
18 00
30 00
35 00
40 00
30 00
80 00
72 00
60 00
50 00
20 00
24 00
15 00
80 00
40 00
20 00
25 OO
15 00
10 00
8 00
80 00
50 00
25 OO
40 00
20 OO
2 25
7 00
18 00
30 00
25 00
20 00
10 00
14 00
TARIFFS OF THE 8EVKEAL C0UN1RIE8.
465
A. — Articles which pay a duly of 35 per cewt.— Continued.
h. SILK GOODS.
Ko.
1426
1429
1430
1398
1397
1398
1374
1373
1409
1422
1419
1432
Article, Si-c.
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
157?
1574
1575
1550
1508
1690
1773
1511
1640
1661
1662
1857
1858
1611
1648
1667
1673
1849
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1644
1645
1677
1811
1812
1830
1838
1843
1543
1571
1776
1409
1470
1613
1481
1784
1540
1541
1831
Kibbona— Continued.
Cord, twist, fringes, floances, braid, Sec, -with or without beads or
metal, or other material for apholsterin;^ furniture, including
packings
Sewing silk or embroidery, in skeins, including packings
Sewing silk or embroidery, on spools, including packings
Silk stuff:
All classes, plain or worked, single or double (except thin goods, of
crape, plush, velvet, &o.), including packages, Sec
Crape, gauze, tulle, point grenadine, thi-cad, &c., plain or worked
oy machine '.
Of raw silk, including packings, Sec
Shirts and drawers: Silk point or mixed goods
Stockings :
For gentlemen
Ladies, ^lu;., all classes
Sunshades, handle of tortoise shell, mother-of-pearl, or ivory
Umbrellas, handles same as No. 1422
Velvet ])lush with or without cotton mixture, {>lain or flowered, includ-
ing packings
Unit
e. HARDWARE, METALS, ETC.
Kilogram...
...do
Pair
Baths (shower) of brass, painted or tinned
Of brass, painted or tinned, from 91 to 114 centimeters long at the
base do
Same as 1500, over 114 centimeters long at base do
Sitz ; brass, painted or tinned do
Sponge ; brass, painted or tinned do
Beds and cradles :
Iron, with or without bronze ornaments, gross weight Kilogram
Of bronze, with pieces of iron, gross weight do
, Of bronze, without pieces of iron, gross weight ...do
Bells of metal for doors, with or without flxiures, gross weight do
Bitta of iron, wrought or cast, for horses, with or without bosses, gross
weight do
Buckles of plated metal, gross weight do
Cages, iron or bronze wire, gross weight do
Carriage triraroincs:
Tips of iron for the ends of axles, gross weight do
Iron axles tipped with bronze, gross weight do
Side lights, glass, with tin or brass. do
Side lights, plated, gilded or nickeled, gross weight do
Clocks :
Frame of wood, iron, or brass, or metal nickelod One .
Frame of wood, with marble pedestal or gilded metal. To be ap-
pmise<l.
Cornices of bronze, gross weight
Enamel or tinsel ; thin brass- leaves, gross weight
Fencing foils
Flasks (pocket) for liquors; gbss with covering of straw, leather, or
metal
Grating iron ; for balconies, gardens. Sec. , gross weight
Guns:
Carbines and rifles; all classes, gross weight do
rastelK>ard cartridges, empty, gross weight do
Pasteboanl cartiidges, chargetT gross weight do
Metallic cartridges, empty, gross wtiglit do
Metallic cartHdges, charged, gross weight do
Shotguns, single barreleiC gross weight do
Shotiiuns, double barreled, gross weight do
Percussion caps, gross weight do
Shot for sportsmen, gross weight ..do
Shot pouc'.es, with or without metal top. gross weight Dozen
Pistols and revolvers, all classes, gross weight I Kilogram .
Powder horns for sportsmen ; horn, hide, or metal | Dozen
Daggers, with or without sheath, gross weight Kilogram
Heaters, for bath ; tin, cvlindrical ' One.
Houses, iron or wood. To be appraised.
Jewelry, false, not specified, with or without pearls, glass, Sec, gross
weight
Opera glasst-s. brass, with or without case -. . .
Composition, tortoise shell, mother-of-pearl, ivory or imitation
Penknives, all classes, gross weight
Plated metal articles, not spocitied. gross weight
Punch-l)Owl3 of wood, with or without pieces of crystal or glass
Safes for money, iron, gross weiglit
Fire-proof,' gross weight
Silver, made up, gilded or plain, in services or single articles, including
packings do
Kilogram
...do ....
...do....
Valua-
tion.
.do
— do .
...do.
Dozen
Kilogram
do....
Dozen —
...do ...
Kilogram . . .
One.
Dozen
Kilogram . . .
Kilogram . . .
One
do
Kilogram . . .
.. do
One
Kilogram . . .
do
$6 00
15 00
7 00
24 00
60 00
15 00
30 00
40 00
50 00
72 00
60 OO'
30 00
25 00
600
12 00
6 00
4 00
15
45
80
1 00
30
1 60
60
15
15
1 00
3 00
04
1 00
2 75
2 00
600
10
SOO
70
50
1 50
1 00
50
1 50
2 00
12
5 OU
7 00
6 OU
1 UO
4 00
5 00
4 00
7 00
2 50
3 iM
20 00
12
21
I 80 00
456
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
A. — Ariidea which pay a duty of 35 per oent. — CoDtinned.
e. HABDWABE, METALS, ETC.
No.
1663
1632
1668
1867
1477
1408
1782
1881
Article, &o.
Spurs of plAted metal, gross weight
Stoves, d&c, of bronae, gross weight
Swords, rapiers, sabers, tipped with white or yellow metal, for officers. . .
Sabers, with or without sheath, for cavalry or boarding sabers, gross
weight
Staples of metal, plated, gn>ss weight
Trays, pasteboara or composition, gross weight
Tin articles, not elsewhere specified gross weight
Wash-tubs, plain or painted, up to Oo centimeters diameter
Unit.
One
Kilogram
...dJ....
...do....
-. do....
Dosen ....
VaifUb-
lion.
1 50
1 00
8 00
00
1 60
70
50
8 00
B. — AriicleB which pay a duly of^ per cent
a. GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
29
87
371
58
54
127
128
1207
126
122
717
226
227
110
111
519
265
266
267
208
269
203
313
752
255
256
257
286
507
5U8
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
510
517
518
134
1062
734
737
738
235
405
151
152
Achiote (a spice) , gross weight
Advertisements and catalogues of merchandise, gross weight
Alembics, porcelain, stone, or composition, capacity not over 23 liters
Almonds :
Unshelled, bitter or sweet, gross weight
Shelled, bitterer sweet, gross weight
Areometers, for weighing liquids
Bags, paper:
Fi *-
For packing, pUin or painted, gross weisht
Ordinary, in ImitAtion of gilded or plated, with or without printing,
Kilogram
— do
One
...do.
..do.
Dosen
do
do
Liter
...do
Kilogram
.- do.
...do.
Dozen
...do.
Ono...
Kilogram
...do....
...do ....
gross weight
Bags of leather, for children's school-books, or of canvas or oilskin
BaUs (children's marbles) of china, gross weight
Bank notes, gross weight
Bank drafts, checks, letters of credit, gross weight
Barley :
Pearl, gross weight
Common, gross weight
Barrels: .
New, put tojgether or detached, for liquids
Secona-hand
Beans, gross weight 1..
Bed coverlets :
Of cotton, in cases, gross weight
Of cotton, in packages, gross weight
Of woolen and cotton mixed damask, cases
Same, in packages
Of Vicufiaor Guanaco skin
Beef:
Salt, or salt pork, gross weight
Jerked, groan weight
Beefs' tongues, dry or in brine, gitiss weight
Belts:
Japanned or ordinary leather, for children
Of leaf her, for swords, rapiers, sabers, mettil clasps
Of silk, for swords, &c
Belting for machinery, straps of leather for, gross weight
Blankets :
Cotton, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weijjht . . .
With silk biudiDg, in caoes, gross weight
With silk binding, iu packages, gross weight
Woolen and cotton or Jute mixture, not better than sample 8, in cases,
gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
All other classes, in cases, gross weight
All other clbSHes, in packages, grosH weight
• Woolen, interior class, in cases, gross weight
Woolen, inferior class, in packages, gross weight
Woolen, all other classes, iu cases, gross weiuht
Woolen, all other classes, in packages, gross weight
Bottles, clay, for water, with or without saucers, up to 30 centimeters
high
Bracelets of rubber or cocoa-nuts, gross weight
Bricks or tiles :
Jasper or marble, unpolished, gross weight
Bath or Bristol, gross weight
Ordinarj-, for building
Bristles (hogs'), for shoemakers, gross weight
Brooms, with or without handles
Brushes :
For shaving ' do
For printing presses ••..••••••• do
Kilogram
.. do....
Doaen ...
Kilogram
..do....
...do....
Dozen ...
.. do ...
One
Kilogram
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Dozen ...
Kilogram
...do...
...do-...
Hundred.
Kilogram
Dozen —
40
00
00
12
30
3 00
27
80
5 00
27
14 00
2 50
12
03
02
01
04
80
1 00
16 00
30 00
25 00
12
25
20
1 00
36 00
6 00
1 50
55
67
65
80
48
60
20
50
10
40
95
25
00
50
02
04
25
00
00
3 00
800
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
457
B. — ArtioUa which pay a duty of 25 per omU — Continued,
a. GENERAL HEKCHANDI8E.
Ko.
230
231
232
233
743
744
136
127
138
139
119
120
121
224
169
58
613
893
894
1341
769
770
198
201
1302
1303
1304
1305
933
21
213
215
216
217
210
211
526
112
989
990
1323
200
474
150
28
156
157
104
195
845
258
259
071
072
074
076
280
281
282
283
284
Article, &o.
Brashes — Continned.
Fornhoefl
For hair, table, clothing, or hat, ordinary and media m
For hair, table, clothing, or hat, fine
For teeth and nails
Banting :
Woolen, for flags, in cases, gross weight
For flagis, in packages, gross weight
Buttons :
Of china, porcelain, or class, gross weight
Of whalebone, robber, nom, wood, bone, ivory, mother«of-pear1, pa-
pier niach6, or composition, gross weight
Of ordinary metal (except stnds,&c.), gross weight
All ofher classes not specified, gross weight
Blacking :
Of copper or bronze water, for harnesses, in common bottles
In wood or tin boxes, for shoes, gross weisht
In earthenware jars, for shoes, gross weight
CsQao shells, gross weight -
Calfskin, tops, half tops, and gaiters, for boots and shoes
Canary seed, gross weight
Caps of cotton poi n t, gross weight
Candles:
Cotton wicks for.in cases, gross weight
Same in packages, gross weight — ■
Suet, gross weight
Canvas:
Linen or cotton for ships' sails. No. 7 and over, gross weight
Hemp or jate, for ships' sails. No. 7 and over, gross weight
Caramel (to color brandv)
Carbon, in crayons for drawing
Cards:
Visiting, gross weight *
For photographs, gross weight
Fancy, for saintations, cross weight
Caid-cases, ivory, mother-of pearl, tortoise shell, or imitations
Card -board :
Oili-d, for card presses, by leaves
Ordinary, drab color, gross weight
Tarred.'for roofing, gross weight
Fine, for visiting cards, gross weight
Fine, for photographs, engraving, &c., gross weight
Perforated, for embroidery, gross weight
Card cases :
Ordinary leather, staff; paper, or their imitations
Russia leather or imitation
Case«, straw, tor packing bottles or flasks, gross weight
Casks, wood, up to 12 liters capacity
Carpets:
Straw, fVom Peru, Guatemala, Manila, gross weight
Of hemp. Jute, or cocoa fiber, gross weight ..
Chalk for schools, tailors, billiard cues, including packages
Charcoal, in pieces, for kitchen, gross weight
Checks, of rubber, gross weisht
Chests for tea, of china, wood, japanned or ornamented, up to 30 centime*
terslong
Chicory, ground, gross weight
Chocolate:
With or without shells, gross weight
Ground or powdered, gross weight
Cinnamon :
Whole, gross weight
Ground (cassia), gross weight
Clay, whitening or white lead, in small cakes, gross weight
Cloves, gross weight
Cloves, ground, gross weight
Combs:
Of wood, gross weight
Of horn, bone, rubber, Sec, gross weight :
Of imitation ivory, including packages
For ladies' hair, of composition, paste, horn, bone, gum, or rubber,
plain, carved, or worked, simple or with other material, gross
weight
Cords:
Cotton, for corsets or window shades, gross weight
Hemp or linen, with or without cotton mixture, or Jute for corsets or
window-shades, gross weight
Cotton, linen, or leather for shoes, gross weight
Braids or ealloons, of cotton and rubber, gross weight
Same,of sUk and rubber, gross weight
Unit.
Dosen
...do.
...do.
...do.
Kilogram
.do
do
do
do
Dozen ....
Kilogram
...do....
...do....
... do....
...do....
...do....
do
.do
.do
...do
...do.
Liter .
Gross.
Kilogram
do
.. do
One.
Hundred .
Kilogram
..do....
...do....
Dozen
. do....
Kilogram
Dozen
Kilogram
..do....
...do...
...do....
...do....
One
Kilogram
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
Yalua-
tion.
1 00
400
0 00
125
1 76
220
80
1 60
1 60
200
200
18
10
06
700
08
250
40
50
85
70
60
40
76
1 00
50
500
400
3 00
09
10
80
25
1 00
1 50
24 00
4
600
25
45
20
2
600
200
80
20
40
80
1 00
8
60
75
1
2
50
50
10 00
8 00
1 60
2 50
2 00
8 50
800
458
TAKIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
B. — Arttelea which pay a duty of^ptrcenU — CoDtinaed.
a. GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
Ka
Article, &c.
716
278
286
851
685
636
637
203
771
272
56
1052
220
221
222
223
849
850
851
852
50
51
291
292
644
645
646
547
548
649
650
551
552
554
655
656
557
660
661
662
563
564
665
570
571
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
580
581
904
905
910
911
916
917
UDit.
Kilognun .
..do
.do
do
Cordage, hemp, white or tarred, over 21 millimeters in ciroomferenoe,
groaa weight
Cork, in Bheets, sroen weicht
Cornices, of wood. Tarnished, painted, or gilded, for window curtains,
gross weight
Com-mMl, gross weight
Cotton (see also under Dry -goods) :
Thread, in clews, hanks, or skeins, &c., for sewing, marking, em-
broidering. &c., gross weight
Thread, in spools, for marldng, embroidering, dec., gross weight
Ends and lavelings, for deanin;; machines, gross weight
Ci6pe, of wool. 50 to 60 centimetei s wide.
Crockery, or clay, articles of, not specified, ordinary to medium
Cumin seed, gross weight
Cushions, small, of leather, for gilders
Curry powder (spice), gross weight
Dry goods :
Cashmere of wool and cotton mixture, all classes, 60 to 75 centime-
terswide
Same, double width
Cashmere of wool, aU quantities. (iO to 75 centimeters wide
Same, double width
Cashmere and merinoesof wool, cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Cashmere and merinoes of wool and cotton mixture, in cases^ gross
weight I do
Same as No. 851, in packages, gross weight I . . . do
Cotton, prepared for lining of garments, with or without cotton cloth, i
gross weight " ! do
Same, with raw silk . . i do
Marseilles or duck, ordinary, for vests, to 65 centimeters wide j Meter
Piqu6, quilted or half-quiltea, for vests, to 70 centimeters wide i . . . do .
Cotton and rubber waterproof cloth fqr infanta' wraps, &o., $0.01 per
centimeter wide
Cotton cloth, called "lienso," white, plain, all qualities, in cases,
gross weight
..do
.. do
...do
Meter.
Kilogram .
...do
Dozen-
Kilogram .
Meter ...
...do....
...do....
...do....
Kilogram
..-do
do
Kilogram .
Same, in packages, gross weight I do
" " ..do
..do
Cloth, called *'coton." twilled, cases.
Same, in packages, gross weight
Cotton cloth, unbleached, twilled, called "tocuyo," in cases, gross
weight do
Same in packages, gross weight do
Cotton cloth, unbleached, plain, simple, in cases, gross weight do
Same, in packages, gross weight do .
Cotton cloth, ticking, blue tocuyo, rayadillo, pepper and salt, cases,
gross weight do .
Same, in packages, gross weight . . . do .
Cotton cloth, cHpecially for pantaloons, plain, twilled, or faced, cases, •
gross weight , do .
Same, in packaees, gross weight do
Cotton goods, worked or printed, for bookbinders, $0,002 per centim-
eter wide
Cotton goods for bath towels and sheets, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Cotton muslin for curtains, plaiu, worked, or edged with imitation
guipure point, $0,004 per centimeter wide , Mfttor
Meter ....
Kilogram . .
...do
Cotton cloths for maiitos, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packases, gross weight
Kilogram
■do
Cotton goods, thin, barege, gauze, muslin, grenadine, lawn, organdi,
hollands, tarleton, white or colored, putin or worked, in oases,
groBsweight do
Same, in packages, gross weight I... do
Same, with woolen figures or edging, in cases, gross weight i do
Same as No. 572, in packages, ffross weight i do
Same, with silk figures or edging, in cases, gross weight ; . . . .do
Same, in packages, gross weight do
Cotton goods tor dresses, all classes, not specified, in cases, gross
weight . do
Same, in packages, gross weight ' do
Cotton goods, with woolen figures, or edging, in cases, gross weight. . . . do
Same, in packaj^es, gross weight do
Cotton goods, with silk figures or edging, in cases, gross weight . . . . j do
Same, in packages, cross weijzht do
Cotton towels, in cases, gross weight i do
Same, in packages, gross weight | do
Cotton handkerchiefs, without lace edging, in cases, gross weight ... do
Same, in packages, gross weight !..-.ao
Cotton kerchiefs, for mufflers, in cases, gross weight , do
Same, in packages, git>ss weight ....do
Valua-
tion.
$0 27
20
1
2
3
4
30
15
70
30
20
25
10
25
00
45
40
80
00
00
45
30
1 70
2 10
70
8 00
12
50
01
1 10
96
65
80
60
76
55
70
58
72
75
92
90
1 10
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
75
90
40
70
55
85
75
05
05
25
15
35
50
70
70
85
30
55
20
45
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
459
B. — Ariidea which pay a duty of 25 per cent. — ContiDued.
a. 6ENEBAL MERCHANDISE.
Xo.
018
019
007
068
1028
1029
1063
1066
1066
1331
353
3&i
855
856
850
860
861
362
363
864
865
366
347
348
349
350
876
377
534
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
542
643
906
907
908
909
912
658
659
666
667
686
687
688
689
920
921
922
023
002
1830
568
569
SOO
591
693
593
694
695
696
697
Article, Sec.
Dry-eood»— CoDtiD ned.
CottoD kerchiefs, with silk frinK^ or edging, in cases, gross weight . .
Same, in |>ackages, gross weight
Cotton trimming, with or without beads, for dress goods, in fringes,
balls, cards, braid, edging, frills. Sic, including boxes, 6cc
Same, for upho^tering, wiih bodj* of other material, including boxes
Cotton piqu6, for children's dresses, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Cotton point or tulle, plain or worked, $0,015 per centimeter of width.
Cotton prints, percales, brilliantines, cretonnes, ginshams, per-
calines, and oxfords, plain, worked, or twilled, lor linings, cur-
tains, and upholstering, all classes, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Cotton braid, for edging of garments, including packages
Damask, cotton, colored, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Damask cotton, white, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gittss weight
Damask, linen and cotton mixed, in cases, gross weight
Same, in paclL".ges, gross weight .
Damask, woolen and cotton mixed, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Damask, woolen, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Damask, woolen and silk (or with cotton mixture), for furniture, in
cases, gross weight -•
Same, in packages, gross weight
Dress lining, linen or with cotton mixed, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Dress lining, linen and cotton silesia, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Linen, drill or with cotton or jute mixture, in cases, grpss weight —
Same, in packages, gross weight ;
Linen cloth (or linen and cotton mixture), called crea, osnaburg,
silesia, &c., not elsewhere specified, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Linen cloth for ladies' and children's dresses, in cases, gross weight..
Same, in pttckages, eross weight
Linen cloth, with silk edging, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Linen for dress lining, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packagt-s, gross weight
Linen called ticking, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Linen towels (or cotton mixed), in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Linen, Italian, with netted edging, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross' weight
Linen handkerchiefs (or cotton mixed), unhemmed
Mixed goods, faced, &.C., for trousers, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Mixed goo4ls, for mantos, incases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Mixed goods for dresses, all classes, not elsewhere 8p(»cifled, in oases,
gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Mixed goods for dresses, with silk figures or edging, in cases, gross
weight
Same in packages, sross wei£ht
Mixed goods (wool and cotton) kerchiefs for mufflers, cases, gross
weight
Same, in packages, &c., gross weight
Mixed goods, with silk fringes, edgiog, &c., in cases, gross weight ..
Siune, in packages, &.C., gross weight
Mixed goods for trousers, coat, dec, 127 to 157 centimeters in width. .
Mixed Koods, braid for edging garments, including packages
Woolens, cloth for mantos, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, &.C., gross weight
Woolen stuifs, thin, called barege, grenadine, Sec, in cases, gross
weight
Same, in packages, &c., gross weight
Woolen stnfTs with silk mixture, figures or threads, in cases, gross
weight
Same, in packages, ^c, gross weight
Woolen goods lor dresses, not elsewhere specified, all classes, in
cases, gross weight.
Same, in packages. Sec, gross weight
Woolen ffoods with silk mixture, figures or threads, in cases, gross
weigut
Same, in packages, &c., gross weight
Unit.
Kilogram
...do
do .
...do.
...do.
Meter
Kilogram
...do....
...do....
..do....
...do....
...do ....
...do....
.. do....
.. do....
...do....
...do ....
...do....
...do....
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
...do ....
...do....
...do....
...do....,
...do....
.. do ....
...do....
...do
...do....
...do...
...do....
...do....
...do
...do....
Dozen
Kilogram
...do....
..do
...do....
.do
.do
do
.do
... do....
...do....
...do
...do....
Meter
Kilogram
'.'..do'.'.'.'.
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Yalna-
tion.
$1 45
1 70
•
2 50
1 25
1 10
1 35
20
45
50
40
70
OO
25
65
00
50
80
1 00
2 20
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
5
1
1
30
60
25
50
90
05
80
00
90
10
25
50
50
75
80
95
90
10
50
80
50
80
50
05
25
15
60
1 45
1 75
2 30
2 Qfy
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
75
10
00
35
80
50
45
90
1 70
2 00
50
80
2 80
8 10
15
45
460
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL qOUNTRIES.
B. — ArHole$ which pay a duty of 25 per cent, — Continaed.
a. GENERAL HBRCHAKDISB.
Ko.
Artlole, Ao,
606
SM
001
003
065
066
1807
1808
1800
1310
682
683
584
565
18U
1812
373
888
1215
840
841
842
616
616
618
1048
1046
1044
477
478
voo
600
601
602
603
604
605
600
406
T73
774
775
776
777
778
770
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
280
800
303
804
806
307
300
310
313
17
18
Dry-eood»— Continned.
Woolen ffooda, or with ootton or jute mixtare, plnixi, worked, or twilled*
for npnolstering, #0.008 per centimeter wide
8»ine,with silk, 10.015 per centimeter wide
Wooien cloth, ordinary, from 127 to 167 centimeters wide
• Woolen cloth, for tronsers, ooftt, 4^., from 127 to 157 centimeters wide.
Woolen trimmings, with or without beads, for dress goods, in fHnges,
balls, cords, braid, edging, Sio.. including packings
Woolen trimmings, with Mdy of other material, for upholstering,
including paokuigs
Woolen point good& including packings
Same, with silk, including paclnngs
Goods of cotton net i>oint or crochet, including packages.
Goods of linen net point or crochet, including packages ..
Mixed goods for dresses, barege, grenadine, &c., in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, ^te., gross weight
Same, with silk figures or threads, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, Sec. , gross weight
Cotton velyet and plush for dreiui goods, gross weight
Woolen or cotton mixed plush for dress goods, gross weight
Dynamite, gross weight.
Unit
Elastic for gaiters, gross weight
Envelopes of paper, plain or lined, for note or letter pai>er, &c., gross
weight
weig
Epanle
ets:
Copper thread, gilded or plated
Silk stuff, with copper thread, as No. 340
Woolen stuff
Fat, animal, in tin cases, gross weight
Same, in wooden cases, gnnis weght
Same, impure, from ship's kitchens, gross weight
Feathers, forpill9W8, gross weight
Feather dusters, or foxtails, or imitation
Feathers of the ostrich, natural, for dusters, gross weight
Felt of wool;
For saddle sweat cloths, #0.02 per centimeter wide
For piano hammers, #0.04 per centimeter wide
Fish in brine, in wooden vessels, gross weight
Flannel, of cotton, incases, gross weight
Same in ptM<)kages, gross weight
Flannel, of wool and cotton mixture, in oases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Flannel, of wool, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Fringes, or ribbons of wool, with cotton or silk mixture, for upholstering
carriaj^es, worked, to 8 centimeters wide
Fmit essences for pastry, gross weight «.
Glass panes, vamishecl or treated with mercury, measurements shall be
taken of the surface and valued ticcording to the following scale :
From 726 to 1,120 square centimeters
From 1,121 to 1,734 square centimeters
From 1,735 to 2,090 square centimeters
From 2,001 to 2,480 square centimeters
From 2,481 to 2,004 square centimeters
From 2,905 to 3,360 square centimeters
From 3,361 to 3,850 square centimeters
From 3,851 to 4,374 square centimeters
From 4,375 to 4.929 square oentimetern
From 4,930 to 5,520 square centimeters
From 5,521 to 6, 144 square centimeters
From 6,145 to 6,936 square centimeters ^
From 6,037 to 7,631 square centimeters
From 7,632 to 8,000 square centimeters
Glassware :
Hollow glass articles, all classes not specified elsewhere, with or
without other materials, gross weight
Of ordinary cut glass, csUed half-crystal, not specified, with or with-
out other materials, gross weight
I>em^ohns up to 19 liters capacity
Funnels, syringes, breast tubes, bosom shields, &c., with or without
other materials, gross weight
Tubes of glass, for homeopathic medicines, with or without cork tops,
gross weight
Tubes for lamps, gross weight
Photographic glasses, prepared, gross weight
Plain, oroinary, uncolored, up to 4 millimeters thick, gross weight . . .
Watch crystals ,
Glove openers :
Of wood
Of bone or ivory «....
Meter
...do..
...do..
...do ..
Kilogram
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
Pair
...do
.do
Kilogram
.do.....
...do
...do
Doeen
Kilogram
Meter ....
...do
Kilogram
do*.. .
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
Meter
Kilogram.
Dozen
...do..
...do..
One...
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
Kilogram
...do
One.
Kilogram
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
Dosen
.do
.do
Valu.
tion.
$0 60
2 50
450
225
4 00
7 00
3 50
8 00
50
80
90
20
00
00
80
250
50
16 00
4 00
1 50
25
18
12
4 00
600
1 60
13
75
05
40
70
40
2 70
25
2 00
7 00
14 00
24 00
8 00
4 00
500
600
7 00
800
10 00
12 00
14 00
16 00«
18 00
10
25
80
1 00
225
10
40
06
80
800
18 00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
461
B. — Article» which pay a duty of 25 per cent — Continued,
a. GBNSRAL MERCHANDISE.
So.
Artiole,4us.
204
610
611
617
295
296
297
116
117
629
822
823
824
825
1263
1265
1266
1275
1276
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1293
1296
1300
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1230
1231
1235
1238
1240
1244
1247
1250
1251
482
600
601
638
326
327
828
Glue:
Common, grosB weight
Lip, gross, weight
Gum ejastic :
Prei>ared, in cans, packages, or sheets, with or without cloth, gross
weight
Prepared for engraving or copying, with or without wood, gross
weight
Adhesive, gross weight ^
Gum:
Pine or yegetahle, gross weight
Hair:
Animal, gross weight
Vegetable, gros^ weight
Woven , for upholstenng, $0.01 per centimeter wide
Haircloth :
Of wool, serge, with nap, &o., gross weight
Of wool and cotton mixed, gross weight
Hammocks :
All classes and sizes
Handles:
For brashes, wood, plain or painted, gross weight
For pens, wood, metal, bone or glass, with or without metal tip
For pens, tortoise shell, mother-of-pearl, or ivory, with or without
metal tips
Of wood, tor parasols and umbrellas
Harness:
Leather stirrup straps, pairs
For cart .-
Leatlier horse-collars with buckles
Leather bridle and reins without metal ornaments
Same with metal ornaments
Saddletrees
Horse-brushes
Horse-girths, cotton, hemp, linen, or cords
Belts for girths, wool or with cotton or hemp mixture, up to 9
centimeters wide
Belts for girths of cotton or hemp cross- woven, up to 12 centimeters
wide
Patent-leather horse-collars
Patent ordinary, for mules
Gloves for horse-cleaning
Leather headstalls, with or without bits
Riding whips, hemp, gut, or hide
Whips for nders, hackmen, postilions
Woolen or felt horse-cloths
Hitching-straps with buckles
Leather nolsters ^
Saddle-bags in form of reticule, for money or Jewels ■
Floss wool saddle-cloths
Hat-rims of cloth, glue-stiffened
Hat-forms :
Of gummed cotton
Of floss wool
Of cork, two pieces
Hats:
Woolen cloths for forming, cut
Paper for forming, cut
Silk or mixed hat or cap linings
Sweat-leather of skin
Of floss wool, for men and boys
Of oiled skin, for men and boys
For ladies, palm-leaf or excelsior, without ornament
Coarse straw, l^m Pern, called petate, gross weight
Of palm, for sailors
Visors of cardboard, leather or imitation
Visors, other classes, to be appraised.
Hemp:
Yam, gross weight ,
Stuff of hemp, or jute, or with cotton mixture, plain, worked, twilled^
for furniture, $0,006 per centimeter wide ^ . .
Same with silk, $0.01 per centimeter wide
Flax or jute string for packing, one or more colors, with cotton mix-
ture or not (cases), gross weight!
Same in packages, &c., gross weight ,
Hides:
Tanned, all classes, mixed, gross weight
Sheepskin, gross weight
CaUskin, white or dyed, gross weight
Unit
Kilogram
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
...do.
...do.
Meter.
Kilogram . . .
— do ...
One.
Kilogram .
Gross
...do.
Dozen
...do
One...
Dozen
...do.
One...
Dozen
...do.
do .
Meter.
...do.
One...
...do.
...do.
Dozen
..do.
...do.
do .
... do.
Pair..
Dozen
...do.
....do.
do
.do
.do
Valu-
ation.
....do
.-..do
...do
...do
...do.
...do
.. do
Kilogram . . .
Dozen
...do
Kilogram
Meter.
...do.
Kilogram
.do
.do
.do
$0 25
30
1 00
2 50
45
66
25
08
1 60
1 20
300
15
1 25
18 00
1 00
4 00
12 00
4 60
900
8 00
12 00
8 00
8 00
18
08
8 00
1 00
1 00
6 00
3 00
10 00
10 00
3 00
2 60
12 00
10 00
1 00
1 50
2 00
8 00
9 00
12
2 00
1 50
6 00
6 00
8 00
2 00
2 50
60
14
80
40
4 50
1 80
200
462
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
B. — AriieJes which pay a duty of2oper cent. — Cootinned.
a. GENERAL HERCHANDI8E.
No.
329
330
331
332
833
334
856
816
827
828
382
1315
1316
1318
602
603
604
605
924
925
926
927
928
929
384
385
459
460
461
838
847
848
643
759
753
882
727
728
764
640
641
642
476
830
831
832
839
840
492
493
456
630
465
407
408
400
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
Article, Ste.
Hidea — Continued.
Kid, or it« imitation, groM weight
Japanned, all classes except cow and horse, gross weight
Pigskin or imitation, gross weight
Patent leathers, Morocco leathers and imitations, gross weight
Cow or horse, Japanned, dyed, or in imitation of patent leather, gross
weigbt
Soles, gross weight
Honey of palm or bees; cane simp
Hops, gross weight
Hose oi tnbes orieather, gross weight
Hose or tnbes of canvas, gross weight
Images of saints, wood, stone, or plaster of Paris
Ink:
For writing, gross weight
Chinese, in cakes, gross weight
In iiasks, fur marking clothes
Jerga :
Cotton and wool mixed, gross weight
Of wool, gross weight
Of wool, with cotton, hemp, or Jute mixture, gross weight
Of hemp orjnte or with cotton mixture, gnMS weight
Kerchiefs («e« aUo " Dry goods '') :
Of coarse wool, calleajerga. in cases, gross weight
Same, In i)ackages, ico., gross weight
All olaases not specified, except point, cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, &.O., gross weight
Same, with silk edging or frnge, in oases, gross weight
Same, in packages, gross weight
Laces:
Of cotton, all classes, gross weight
Of wool or mixed gooos, with or without beads, gross weight
"Ferret," cotton or linen, for edging, gross weight
"Ferret," cotton, gummed, for clfess lining, .in cases, groea weight..
Same, in packages, ice, gross weight
Lampshades, wood, tin, or cardboard, gross weight '...
Lampwicks :
For burners (cotton), including packages
All classes
Leaves for florists, including packages
Leaves for fiorists. of common metal, for gilding or plating, in packages
of 2£ or less leaves, and up to 65 square centimeters each one,
packages
Lentils, gross wei ght *.
Lettei wafers, gross weight
Lime Juice, in barrels
Same, in bottles
Liquors (in addition to a special duty of $4.50 per dozen bottles)
Linen («e« al^o "Dry goods'*):
Thread for tailors or shoemakers, in clews, skeins, hanks, or spools,
gross weight
Thread, with or without luster, for weaving or edging, in cases,
grdse weigl^t
Same, in cases with other merchandise, including packages ,
Macaroni, gross weight .'
Mantos oi ponchos of cotton, gross weight
Same, of cotton and wool mixture, gross weight
Same, of wool, gross weight
Marble or Jasper, rough or in Junks, gross weight
Same, cut in tiles, unpolished, all sizes
Match safes:
Ordinary, leather, paper, common metal
Of Russia leather
Mats. Chinese, gross weight ..
Meal, of oats, com, or rye, gross weight
Meat extract
Mirrors:
Small, with pasteboard, wood, metal, or papier-mach6 fhune, 5 to 20
centimeters
Same. 21 to 36 centimeters T
Same. 37 to 51 centimeters
Mirrors of best classes, square wooden frames, surface to be measured
and valued as pei following scale:
From 1,734 t»« 2. 09C square centimeters
From 2.091 to 2.480 square centimeters
From 2.481 to 2.904 square centimeters
From 2.905 to 3.86C square centimeters
From 3.361 to 3,850 square centimeters
From 3.851 to 4,374 square centimeters
From 4,375 to 4,929 square centimeters
Unit.
Kflogram . . .
...do
...do
Vahia-
tion.
$6 00
250
180
800
..do
...do
Liter
Kilogram . . .
'.'. do'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Cobic dedm
Kilogram
.. dd....
Dozen —
Kilogram
...dS....
..do
— do ....
do
do
.do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Gross
Kilogram
...do....
Liter ....
Dozen ...
...do....
Elilogram
.do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
Dozen
...do....
Kilogram
...dJ...-
...do....
Dozen
do .
.. do.
One..
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
2
1
00
00
08
SO
40
50
15
10
1 75
1 50
1 00
1 30
1 00
40
2 00
2 40
8 50
3 90
4 50
500
4 00
6 00
1 20
45
55
50
1 50
1 00
4 00
8 00
05
80
20
8 00
12 00
1 25
1 20
8 00
16
85
1 75
250
01
05
1 50
15 00
25
15
1 00
80
8 SO
24 00
5 00
6 00
7 00
8 00
10 00
18 00
16 00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
463
B — Articles which pan a duty of 25 per eenU — Continued,
a. GENERAL MERCHAKDISE.
Ko.
418
419
420
421
422
836
837
860
861
881
650
1H»
660
670
680
608
706
880
866
867
1208
1210
60
67
10
20
21
22
23
24
25
393
302
26
30
481
142
143
1005
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
934
035
036
937
939
940
941
942
944
945
Article, &.O.
From 4,030 to 5,520 sqnare centimeters
From 5,521 to 6,144 square centimeters
From 6. 145 to 6,936 sqoare centimeters
From 6,937 to7,631 square centimeters
From 7,632 to 8,000 square centimeters
Mirror fhuncs, to be valued as if tliey were mirrors, with redaction of 50
percent
Mirror and picture frames, prepared for gilding, valued as mirrors, with
redaction of 75 per cent
Molding of wood :
For frames, furniture, dtc, plain, varnished, painted, or gilded, gross
weight
Same, prepared for gilding, gross weight
Moss, in bulk or packages, for florists, gross weight
Mould for hat-fitter, with springs
Mushrooms, dried, gross weight
Musical instruments:
Violin cases
Cello and coanterbass cases
Guitar pegs •
Parchment, in sheets for drums
Skin cases for band instruments
Music, printed or in manuscript, gross weight
Mustard, in powder, gross weight
Mustard, prepared, gross weight
Napkins snd table-cloths of cotton damask, grofis weight
Napkins of wool and cotton mixed damask, gross weight
Napkin rings, ordinary, bone, or papier mach6
Napkin rings, of ivory
Oil:
From wolf or whale, gross weight
Cocoauut, sperm, linseed, turnip, peanut, lard, duck, or pine, gross
weight
Gasoline, paraffine, petroleum, kerosene, gross weight
Impure and black, for machinery, gross weight
Olive, impure, for machinery (Rangoon), gross weight
For sewing-machines, gross weight
Olive for table use, gross weight
OUed cloth or plain rubier, with or without edging, for table covers, gross
weight
Same, double, for fioors, gross weight
Olives, preserved, gross weight
Ornaments of woodj paste, or composition, for furniture, doors, &o., gross
weight
Of clay or earth, for gardens, by ciLdm. bulk
Packthread :
Linen snd cotton mixed, in cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, &o., gross weight ,
Paint-brushes in quill shafts
Painting-materials :
Whiting, red lead, minium, ocher, sienna, Ac, gross weight
Aniline, all colors; powders, cakes or crystals, gross weight
Royal yellow, Adnanapolis red, ultramarine iMue, emerald green,
gross weight
Indigo, gross weight
Prussian blue, ordinary, gross weight
Prussian blue, medium, gross weight
Prussian blue, fine, gross weight
Vermilion, gross weight .
Carmine, in powder or cakes, gross weight
Cochineal, gross weight
Carmine or yellow lake, gross weight
Paints in calces or pencils for water colors, gross weight
Whiting, ocher, &c., ordinary, for wall-painting, gross weight
Paints in tin tubes for oil paintings, including tubes.
Common paint, sll colors, with oil, gross weight
Paint of copper for ships, gross weight ....
Paper bags, oniinary, with imitation gilding or plating, plain or printed,
gross weight
Paper:
Unit
Cotton, for book covers, spotted or varnished, -gross weight.
n
One..
...do
...do
...do
... do
Kilogram
.'.'.'.do '.'.'.'.
One
Kilogram
One
...do
...do
...do
.. do
Kilogram . .
...do
...do
...do
...do
Dozen
...do
Kilogram
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
. do.
Decim
ELUogram . . .
— do
Gross
Kilogmm
...dS....
do
do
do
do
.do
do
do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Unvarnished, for boys' kites, &c., gross weigh
Raled for music, gross weight
Blotting, gross weight
Albuminated, gross weight ]..-do
In packages, for closets, gross weight do
Gilded or plated, for artificial fiowers, gross weight do
Of cotton, naif fine, Genoese and its imitation, gross weight ....do
Of cotton, for offices (called " Machine Pai>er "), gross weight I. . . .do
Valua-
tion.
$20 00
24 00
28 00
32 00
36 00
30
20
40
20 00
75
1
7
50
00
03
75
00
00
40
25
25
60
00
6 00
12
18
08
10
18
24
25
55
30
22
1 00
05
1
2
1
80
20
00
15
6 00
40
2 50
08
14
1 50
1 50
18 00
2
2
30
00
8 00
05
2 00
10
40
60
40
25
80
25
2 00
28
4 00
80
85
464
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
B. — Ariicle8 which pay a duly of 25 per cent — Continued.
a. GENERAL HEBCHANDI8E.
No.
946
948
949
950
951
954
956
957
958
77
745
746
747
1040
1041
1045
1001
1002
1003
1004
451
888
389
390
470
1056
1057
1049
1050
1051
79
970
992
247
248
249
250
261
252
253
254
466
467
75
76
Article, &,c.
1190
899
148
149
1195
1196
1070
1071
1072
1073
175
1076
Paper— Continued.
Of cotton, for notes, letters, or accounts, with or without envelopes,
gross weight
Of straw, tobacco, or linen, simple or mixed, for cigarettes, gross
weight '.
Of linen, fine, for offices, gross weight
Of linen or imitation, for letters and notes, with or without envelopes,
gross weight
Of suk, all classes, with or without envelopes, gross weight
Fire plated, for walls, gross weight
'" " " " "it.
Common, for walls, gross weigh
For walls, all other classes not specified, gross weight
Paraffine, in paste, gross weight
Peas, dried, gross weight
Pencils:
For writing, wooden sheath, usual size, ordinary and medium classes.
Same, fine
For oaroenters
Pens of feather:
For writing, uncut
For writing, cut
Of metal, ^thout handle, gross weight
Pepper:
In grain, gross weight
In powdt^ gross weight
Kea, called "cayenne," gross weight
Same powdered, gross weight
Pins of wood
Plaitings:
Of cotton gauze or tulle for ornaments, with or without cotton laces
or silk threads up to 8 centimeters wide
Of woolen gauze or tulle for ornaments, with or without woolen
laoc'H or silk threads, up to 8 centimeters wide
Of silk gauze for omimients, with laces or other material, up to 8
C4*ntimeter8 wide —
Plush of inr. without tar, for cleaning hollers, gross weight
Portmonuaies :
Common leather, cloth, paper, &c
KuHsian leather or imitation
Powders :
For cleaning metals, gross weight
For clarifying wines, gross weight
Drying, for painters, gross wcigot
Razor strops
Razor hones, including packings
Razor honei, small, fine naudstones
Ribbons:
Of cotton, plain or worked, gross weight
Of cotton, colored, plain, or worked^ for suspenders and cloak, rib-
hons, gross weight
Of cotton velvet
Of linen or with cotton mixture, smooth or twilled, gross weight
Of cotton or linen, with or without other material, twilled or with
crossed threads for shoes, &c., gross weight
Of wool or with cotton mixture, of one color, plain or worked for
coverlids. Sec. gross weigh t
Same, for cloak ribbons, gross weight •.
Of hemp, ordinar}', for fhmiture springs
Or hands of wool, or with cotton mixture, up to 12 centimeters wide. .
Same, up to 25 centimeters wide
Rice in grain, gross weight .:
Rice ground for food
Roofing of tarred wool, gross weight
Rosaries of wood, cocoa, vegetable ivory, hone, with chain of brass or
iron
Rugs of cloth with stamped colors, gross weight
Sailcloth:
Of linen or cotton mixture or Jute cases, gross weight
Same, in packages, &o., gross weight
Salt, table, in rock or grain
Salt, powdered, gross weight
Satin:
Of cotton and wool mixture for linings and for ladies' garments in
cases, gross weight
Ssme, in packages, &c. , gross weight
Of wool lor ladies* garments (same as Na 1070) in cases, gross weight.
Same, in packages, &c., gross weight
Scallops of kid or other skin for hoot linings, by pairs
Tnit
Kilogram
do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
do
Gross
..do
..do
1,000
do ....
Kilogram
Taloa-
tion.
to 45
90
50
1 20
80
1 00
45
20
25
07
do
do
do
do
do
Meter
do
.. do ...
Kilogram
Dozen
...do .
Kilogram .
...do ....
...do
Dozen ....
Kilogram . .
Dozen ....
Kilogram
.do
.do
.do
do
.. do ....
...do ....
...do....
Dozen . . .
.. do ...
Kilogram
...do....
Oross
Kilogram . .
.. do......
..do
Quintal
Kilogram . .
..do.
...do .
...do.
...do .
Dozen
Same, of gauze or cotton cambric, edged in the loom, gross weight. . . .' Kilogram
1 00
3 00
2 00
2 00
4 00
2 25
20
30
10
30
10
08
12
25
26
1 00
12 00
12
1 50
25
4 00
1 30
500
1 25
2 00
3 00
200
2 75
2 40
3 00
30
1 50
3 00
09
20
10
900
70
80
95
68
06
2 55
3 05
425
4 75
1 25
500
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
465
B. — Jriicles which pay a duty of 25 per cent — Continued.
a. GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
Ko.
732
733
63
62
1191
1036
1037
374
375
268
318
310
320
321
323
324
325
1137
1139
1141
1143
1031
1032
1033
1034
712
448
55
455
400
1085
1(187
1152
1153
1155
895
729
731
1206
1207
1963
1319
1320
997
998
457
458
80
81
82
83
1326
368
369
1042
1360
1023
959
900
961
170
171
172
107
108
Article, Sec.
SealiDg wax:
Inbars for letters, grosv weight
Ordinary for sealing bottles, gross weight
Serge of wool, f0.006 per centimeter of weight
Serge of wool and cotton. $0,004 per centimeter of width
Sheets for bath, twilled thread, all kinds, gross weight
Shoe soles of cork (inner soles)
Siioe soles of rubber
Shoulder knots, leather or Japanned leather for soldiers
Same, of silk, with copper thread, gilded or plated
Sieves of horsehair or other material, 10 to 20 centimeters diameter
Skins:
Goat or kid
Chinchilla
Guanaco or deer
Wolf
Bear.
Tiger.
Unit.
Vicufla
Skirts:
Fof ladies' underwear ; cotton, plain, not made up :
For ladies' underwear ; cotton, edged or frilled, not made up
For ladies' underwear ; cotton ancTwool, plain, not made up
Same, edged or frilled, not made up
Slates :
Folding, two leaves, for office
Porcelain, one leaf, for office, to 30 centimeters long
For roofing
For billiards, by square meters
Soap, ordinary, for washing, grosa weight
Sperm of whale, in paste, gross weight
Starch, gross weight
Stearine. in paste, gross weight
Steps, of wood, double or single
Stockings :
Cotton, for men and bo,v6, gross weight
Wool, mixed, for men and boys, gross weight
Half-hose, for men and boys, of cotton, gross weight
Same, for ladies and misses, of cotton, gross weight
Wool and cotton, mixed, gross weight
Straw for hat making, groes weight...
Strawberries, raspberries, &,c., Juices of, in barrela
Split reeds, prepared for furniture, gross weight
Suet:
Strainedorpurifled. gross weight
Not strained or purified, gross weight.
Sumac, powdered for tanners, gross wSght
Suspenders :
Cotton, with or without elastic .-.
Of sUk, with or without elastio
Stones:
For paving, not of marble, gross weight
Flint
Stereoscopes:
Small, of wood, without views or up to 20 views
« Of cardboard, without views. Sec
Table mats:
Of straw
Of wood, folding
Of rubber
Of osier.
Tents of canvas, waxed or not, 6 m. by 7.50 m
Thimbles:
Of bone
Of mot her of pearl or ivory
Toothpicks of quill
Tow and punk for smokers. See., gross weight
Twine, tarred, groas weight.
Umbrellas, parasols, or hat covers :
Of cotton
Of wool or with cotton mixture
Of wool, silk mixed
Uppers:
Of kid or calf for ladies' shoes, by pairs
Of kid or calf, or Japanned leather for ladies' shoes, with closed quar*
ters, by pairs
Of kid or calf for men's shoes, by pairs
Varnish :
Ordinary, for vessels ^
Fine, in flasks for fttmiture, grosa weignt
Kilogram .
...d?
Meter
...do
Eilogi'am .
...do
...do
Dozen .....
...do
....do
Valua-
tions.
.do
do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
...do
...do
1,000
So. meter . . .
Kilogram . . .
do
...do
. . do
One
Kilogram*
...AS....
...do
.. do....
....do....
....do....
Liter
Kilogram
.do
do
.do
Dosen
...do.
Kilogram . . .
Thousand. . .
One
...do
Doien
...do.
...do.
...do.
One...
Dozen
...do
Thousand...
Kilogram . . .
...dS
Dozen
...do.
...do.
do
do
do
Liter
Kilogram
$1 00
80
1 00
90
1 25
3 00
18 00
5 00
4 00
3 50
7 00
9 00
60 00
108 OO
15 00
6 00
18 00
24 00
36 00
3 00
8 00
25 00
4 00
15
80
16
80
3 00
1
3
1
3
35
50
85
25
50
40
40
50
18
15
12
2 00
6 00
01
2 00
4
1
2
2
1
2
00
00
00
50
25
5Q
25 00
35
1 25
80
1 00
15
6 00
9 00
15 00
3 00
12 00
16 00
10
1 60
1748 CONG —A P-
^0
466
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
B. — ArtidleB whicih pay a duty of 2^ per cent. — Con tinned,
a. GENERAL ICERCHANDISE.
Ko.
10»
761
742
1348
1349
1350
1257
234
236
101
102
103
104
105
1328
1329
819
1258
1250
1200
1201
1203
1204
1205
757
1379
1394
1403
1404
1405
1406
1420
1390
1399
1427
1428
1433
1418
1438
1479
1480
1482
1762
1763
1783
1898
1530
1639
1827
1485
1486
1487
Artiole,fto.
Varnish— CoDtinaed.
AU othefT cUuMes. gross weight
Vegetables and dried garden stuff; not elsewhere specified^ gross weight.
Vegetable wool, gross weight /
Vinegar, common :
In ordinary bottles
In other packing
Rose vinegar in vials
Washboards ■
Wax:
Vegetable or mineral, gross weight
Prepared, for shoemakers, gross weight
Whalebone :
Grade, gross weight
Worked, or imitation, gross weight
Prepared for corsets but not covered, gross weight
Same covered, gross weight
Of iron covered for corsets, gross height ■
Window shades :
Cotton, elided or painted, with or without flxtnres up to 2.50 long —
Of wooden slats, gilded, dM}.,asNo. 1328
Wood, ordinary, as pine, oak, &c., planed or dovetailed, boards 25 millime-
ters thick
Wooden slabs :
For making boxes for wine, liqaors, or macaroni, dovetailed or not,
^ross weight
Of pine, rough, for picture backs, up to 3 millimeters thick and 50
centimeters wide
Of cedar for picture backs, &c
Woolen. {See alto " Dry goods.")
Woolen or cotton satin stuff for shoes in cases, gross weight
Same in packages, &c., gross weight
Woolen or silk, or cotton mixed goods for shoes in cases, gross weight —
Same in packages. Sec, gross weight
Yeast powder, grods weight
b. SILK GOODS.
Belts, transparent silk, cotton mixed
Blankets of floss silk or with other mixture, gross weight
Cloth of silk :
With silver thread, $0.06 per centimeter wide
With metal thread, $0.03 per centimeter wide
With ordinary metal thread, $0.01 per centimeter wide
Garters of silk or cotton mixture, with or without elastic
Parasols of silk or with cotton mixture, without ornaments, ribs leas
than 60 centimeters long
Plush of black silk or with cotton mixture, for hats, up to 80 centime-
ters wide
Raw silk goods, including packages
Satin or serge of silk, with mixtui-e of cotton or linen, for garments, &o.,
including packages
Satin and reps of silk, ^r garments, furniture, &c., including packings.. .
Suspenders of silk or with other mixture, with or without elastic
Umbrellas, silk or cotton mixed
e. HARDWARE, METALS, ETC.
Articles of worked steel, not specified, over 5 kilograms, gross weight . . .
Articles of spelter, not specified, gross weight
Articles of washed, nickeled, or German silver, not specified, gross
weight
Articles of papier-mach6, paper or composition japanned, not specified,
gross weight
Articles of cast or wrought iron, manufactured, plain, painted, or tinned,
not specified, gross weight
Same with porcelain, white or painted, gross weight
Articles of brass, manufactured, plain, tinned, painted, or porcelained,
not specified, gross weight
Articles of zinc, not specified, gross weisht
Articles of brass, not specified, gross weight
Axles of iron for carts, &.o., gross weight
Balances, iron weights for, gross weight
Balances :
For gold or drugs, stationary or hand, iron weights for, gross weight . . .
For drugs, called "pendulum," with or without marole cover, gross
weight
Ordinary banging, balance plates of brass, iron, bronze, or copper,
gross weignt
Unit
Kilogram
— do —
...do ....
Dozen —
Liter
Kilogram
One
Kilogram
...dS-...
.do
.do
do
.do
do
Dozea
...do.
Sqr. meter .
Kilogram
Meter.
...do.
... do.....
...do....
...do..-.
.do
do
Meter.
...do.
...do.
Dozen.
...do.
Valua-
tion.
$0 60
25
20
2 00
07
30
20
30
45
44
00
00
50
3
4
5
300
24 00
2i00
40
04
05
08
leo
200
350
390
40
Meter
Kilogram
...do.
...do.
Dozen.
...do.
Kilogram
...do...
do
.do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
.do
22 00
125
-'300
16 00
160
15 00
15 00
15 00
800
30 00
25
1 SO
200
70
25
50
50
30
1 50
10
15
12 00
200
15
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
467
B. — Articles which pay a duty of ^per oenf.— Continued.
c. HARDWABE, METALS, ETC.
No.
1488
1489
1490
1542
1546
1547
1548
1540
1572
1675
18M
1656
1521
1522
1531
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1689
1688
1629
1612
1445
1866
1798
1619
1790
1610
1458
1808
1441
1598
1599
1600
1«83
iei6
1«17
liJU
1465
1707
1462
1606
1^84
1885
1579
I5h0
1581
ieo2
1650
1649
1817
1T76
1672
1725
leoo
1467
1468
1471
1604
leos
1631
1504
1730
1««8
1768
Artioles.
Balances — Continned.
Spring, of iron or with parts of bronze, gross weight
Iron or part bronze, with one balanoe-plate for counter, gross weight.
Platform scales, wood or iron cases, gross weight
Bath heaters, of copper, plain or tinned, cylindrictu, gross weight
Bells:
Of bell metal, gross weight
Of steel, gross weight
Of cast iron, gross weight
For table, gross weight
Small, gross weight
Bellows, for honse use, to 50 centimeters wide, gross weight
Bolu, iron, with or without nuts, plain or galvanized, gross weight
Bottle props, iron, plain or galvanized, gross weight ...:....
Brazit^rs:
Of wrought iron, gross weight
Of cast iron, gross weight
Bronze, powdered, gross weight a..
Buckets:
Iron or zinc, painted or tinned, gross weight
Wooden hand, with iron handles
Same, with bronze handlen
Same, wooden bundles and covers
Same, gutta-percha
Bnckles for leather ^oo<l8 ; iron, paint«d or tinned, gross weight
Buttons, iron, steel, bronze, or nicKel, for trousers. Sec., gross weight
Bronze or copper, manufactured articles not elsewhere 8i>ecified, gross
weight
Can openers, tin
Canvas and crotchet needles, gross weight
Chair rollers, of wood, glans, horn, bone, or china, gross weight
Cigar lighters, ordinary metal, with or without punk, flint, or steel, gross
weight
Cleavers, for kitchen use, gross weight
do
Closet traps, with or withont china or porcelain, gross weight
Clothes pins, wood, with or without spring
Coffee grinders, small, gross weight
Compasses, small, for miners
Copper:
In leaves and sheets, gross weight
Perforated for colanders, gross weight
Old, in useless pieces, gross weight
Corkscrews, all classes, gross weight
Covers for salad, wood
Covers for salad, ivory ..
Crosses, and medals for rosaries, tin or brass, gross weight \
Cruet stands, of iron, wood, composition, or paper, with or without bot-
tles, gross weight
Cnlti vators, iron, complete or incomplete, gross weight
(hirrj- combs for horses, gross weight
Dog collars, leather or metal, gross weight
Door handles :
Bronze, crystal, iron, china or composition, gross weight
Same, for drawers, gross weight
Door locks :
Iron, inferior quality, gross weight
Wrought or cast iron, all other classes, gross weight
Bronze, with or without iron door handles, gross weight
Economy ovens, wrought or cast iron, with or without fixtures, gross
weight
Emory, gross weight
Enamel, with or without false stone for flowers, gross weight
Eye«, metallic, for shoes, gross weight
Fire-irons, 3 pieces, gross weight
Forges, iion, portable, all sizes
Garden tools, sets of, ^ross weight
Gauges, wooden, for hqnids in barrels or pipes
Glasses, for the eyes:
Wireframes
Iron or steel frames, with or without cases
Glasses, field
Glue pots, cast iron :
Plainer tinned, gross weight
Porcelain lined, gross weight >•*
Gun nipples and vents, gross weight
Gun -nipples, ramrods and wad removers combined
Handles, of wood, for iron tools and miner^s lamps, gross weight
Hammer, claw, of iron, gross weight
Hain>^ of iron wire, gross weight
Unit
Elilogram .
— do
...do
One
Kilogram
— do
...do ....
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do....
..do....
do
do
do
Valua-
tion.
$1 00
80
20
7 00
50
20
10
00
00
50
10
15
...do....
Dozen
...do....
...do....
do....
Elilogram
...do
...do....
Dozen ...
Kilogram
...do ....
...do
...do
.. do
..do
Hundred...
Elilogram . .
Dozen
Kilogram
...do ....
..do....
- . do
Dozen ...
...do..-.
Kilogram
do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
...do....
...do....
...do ....
...do....
. do....
One
Kilogram
Dozen ...
...do
do
One.-
Kilogram
...do
Dozen —
Kilogram
.'.V.do'.'.V..
25
08
5 00
25
3 00
9 00
4 00
18 00
60
1 OO
1 00
1 00
4 00
40
1 50
30
30
25
50
20
12 00
50
70
15
00
00
1
2
15 00
1 50
30
15
30
75
65
1 00
25
45
60
12
15
8 00
1 00
60
15 00
60
10 00
1
2
7
50
00
00
12
25
40
6 00
20
35
45
468
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
B. — Articles which pay a duty of 25 per cent — Continned.
e UAHDWARE, METALS, ETC.
No.
1715
1847
1791
1681
1692
1691
1756
1760
1761
177V5
1787
1475
1509
1623
16*^4
1706
1814
1815
1659
1618
1778
1779
1663
1841
1835
1836
1837
1082
1882
1583
1733
1716
1460
1461
1587
1588
15fe9
1591
1592
1593
1594
1596
1636
1637
1766
1551
1552
1457
1833
1803
1804
1805
1669
1670
1671
1818
1819
1820
1823
1889
1708
1513
1514
1516
1625
1460
Article, &.c.
Harrows: «
Put together or detached, grosa weij^ht
Of iron or with pieces of wood, gross weight
Hitching strape for oeasts, iron
Hoolcs, for hanging clothes, with or without knobs, iron, plain, or gal-
vanized, gross weight
Horseshoes, gross weight
Ice-creani freezers in wooden bucketa, gross weight
Iron or steel instrunients, not specified, gross weight
Iron in sheets :
Painted, gross weight
Galvanized, gross weight.
Jars, croclcery or porcelain with metal top, gross weight
Keys, iron, for drawer locks, doors, or padlocks, gross weight
Key rings, iron or steel, poss weight
Key escutcheons, wood, bone, leather, porcelain, &o., gross weight
Knives : ^
With bandies of ivory, mother of pearl, composition or imitation,
with or without forks, gross weight
All classes not specified, gross weight
For shoemaker's, gross weight
With fork and spoon for pocket -case
Common, for sailors or fruit, gross weight
Forks and spoons for traveling case
Ladlf s, iron, for tar or lead skimming, gross weight
Lamps, glass * for kerosene, with or without metal, gross weight
Lamps, small, one light, with reflector for wall, gross weight
Lantern, glass, with iron, copper, or composition wire, gross weight
Letter presses, of iron, gross weight
Lead:
In useless pieces, ^oss weight
Articles, not specified, over 46 kilograms
Fine, in sheets, for tapping bottles
Levers, iron, gi'oss weight
Locks {see also " Door-locka *') for trunk or box, with or without pieces
of bronze, gross weight
Same, of bronze, gross weight
Mallets, iron, for ship carpenters, gross weight
Markers, of wood, with or without other pieces, gross weight
MoHars :
Brass or wrought iron, g^ross weight
Of wood, gross weight
Nails:
Tarpauling, copper or composition, with or without washers, gross
weight ...
Iron wire, all sizes, plain or varnished, gross weight
Same, galvanized, over 25 centimet'Crs long, with or without washers,
gross weight
Tarpauling, iron, with washers or without, gross weight
Horseshoe, iron, gross weight
For shoes, iron, gross weight * ,
Iron, all classes not specified, over 25 |]pilimeters long, groes weight.
Zinc, gross weight :
Ovens or cooleis, cast-iron, for kitchens, gross weight
Ovens, &.C., with porcelain, gross weight
Ovens, for toasting cotfee, for family use
Padlocks, iron or part bronze, gross weight ■
Pa<llock, bronze, gross weight
Pins, common, gi-oss weight.
Plumbago, gross weight
Pocket meters :
Silk case of wood or tin, to 2 miliroetors long
Of varnished stuff
Wood, 1)one, ivoiy, bronze, or whalebone
Pots, cast-iron, untinned, gross weight
Pots, boilei-s, and kettles, tinned, gross weight
Pots, Sec, of wronght-iron, tinned or galvanized, gross weight
Pots, cast-iron, not tinned, gross weight .*
. Pots, cast-iron, tinne<l, gross weight
Pots, cast-iron, porcelain lined, gross weight
Pots and kettles, casMron, porcelain lined, gross weight
Pressea, for beef, &c., of iron
Punches, of iron, to perlbrate iron, gross weight
Pumps for wells, common iron, piston and bronze connection, gross weight .
Pumps, force, common iron, gross weight
Razors gross weight . ,
Rosary beads, 'vliite or yellow metal, gross weight
Rings, crowns, or points of iron for umbrellas, gross weight
Unit
Valua-
tion.
Kilogram
Dozen
Kilogram
...dJ...
...do ....
...do....
.do
do
.do
do
.do
do
..do ....
..do
...do
Dozen
Kilogram .
Dozen
Kilogram.
...do ....
Dozen
Kilogram.
do
do
.do
do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do
....do .....
...do....
...do....
.. do....
Dozen
Kilogram
...do ....
...do ....
...do...
Dozen —
...do....
.. do....
Kilogram
...d?....
...do....
...do....
...do ....
...do....
...do....
One
Kilogram
...dJ....
...do.....
....do
...do....
....do....
to IS
12
6 00-
IS
08
3S
35
08
10
20
75
00
50
5 0
1 00
60
60O
85
15 00
2S
35
12 00
75
15
06
08
1 OO
40
90
1 25
10
1 OO
12
08
50
14
13
14
20
18
09
16
12
25
15 00
4S
1 00
70
10
4 OO
50
2 50
08
12
20
08
12
25
25
25 00
90
20
35
2 50
3 00
40
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
469
B. — Articles which pat^ a duty of 25 per cent, — ContiDued.
e HABDWASB, HBTALS, ETC.
Na
1476
1720
1695
1534
1835
1880
1846
1887
1888
1440
1713
1544
1515
1824
1686
1687
1870
1642
1786
1665
1859
1860
1652
1657
1658
1558
1871
1872
1874
1875
1634
1636
ia55
1879
1647
1510
1891
1892
1893
1497
1788
1855
1450
1452
145:^
1454
1455
1456
1473
1524
1525
1526
1528
1527
1559
1878
1802
1902
1903
1904
Article, ^o.
Ringa of iron, bronzed, tinned, or painted, with or without screw, gross
weight
Riveting irons for tinsmiths, gross weight
Rods, iron or steel, prepared lor nmbrellas, gross weight ,
Saucepan, cast-iron, plain or tinned, gross weight
Same, porcelain-lined, gross weight
Scissors, ail classes not specified, gross weight —
Scrapers for ships, gross weight
Screws, iron:
Polished or tinned, gross weight
Roagh, with or without nats, gross weight
Sharpeners for table knives
Shaves for carpenters, gross weight
Sboe-hoi-ns :
Of metal
Of bone or horn
Shovels, wooden
Sieves:
Fine iron wire, for all uses, gross weight
Of yellow wire, gross weight
Soldering bronzo, gross weight
Sounds of lead for sailors, gross weight
Spigots of wood or part iron, gross weight
Spit« or gridirons, white or yellow metal, gross weight
Springs:
Iron, for furniture, plain or copper, galvanized, gross weight
Steel, \.for caiTia^es, gross weignt
Spurs, iron, plain or tinned, gross weight
Stirrups :
Iron, all classes, gross weight
Of wood, all classes, gross weight
Stove-pipe, zinc, gross weight
Tacks:
Bronze, copper, or composition, less than 25 millimetera long, gross
weight
Iron, lesrt than 25 millimeters long, gross weight
Tea-pota, cast-iron, gross weight '
name, porcelain-Iine<l, gross weight
Thimbles:
Iron, steel, or white or yellow metal, gross weight
Iron, with piece of leather for canvas sewing
Tin, sheet, gro«s weight.
Tin shears or pruning shears, gross weight
Tinder-boxes, iron or steel, gross weight
Tips of cast-iron for ends of cart axes, gross weight
Traps:
Steel, for rats
Of wire
Of wood, for mice
Trays, brass >t iron, Japanned, gross weight
Watch keys, steel or brass
Watches, ordinary metal, nickeled .'
Wij«:
Iron, between sizes No. 7 to No. 20, inclusive, gross weight
Same, galvauized. gross weight
Iron, all classes over No. 20, gross weight
Iron, grating, in rolls, plain or galvanized, gross weight
Iron, articles not specified, alone or with pieces of other material,
gross weight
Iron, nettinj^. not specified, alone or with pieces of other material,
gross weight
Instruments, for bending wire and doubling tin, &c., gross weight. ..
Clasps for hooks, gross weight
Of bronze or copper, gross weight
Netting of bronze or copper, in rolls, gross weight
Netting of bronze, &c., manufactured articles not specified, gross
weight
Of bronze or copper, articles not specified, gross weight
Wells, Wooden tubes for, &c
Wool shears, iron, gross weight
Yellow metal, in leaves or sheets ; old or useless articles, gross weight. . .
d. DRUGS AND MEDICINES.
Acid:
Acetic, gross weight
Boracic, gross weight
Carbolic, in crystals, gross weight
Unit
Kilogram
do
.do
do
.do
do
...do
...do
Dozen —
Kilogram
Dozen . ..
...do
...do
Kilogram
...do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
...do
Dozen —
Kilogram
.''.do'.'.'.'.'.
...do
Valu*-
tion.
$0 30
45
25
12
25
2 00
25
25
15
6 00
1 00
2 00
1 00
4 00
30
50
30
10
45
1 00
14
30
50
225
20
20
75
80
12
25
00
75
00
00
80
10
Dozen
...do
...do
Kilogram
Gross
One
Kilogram
...do ....
...do
...do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
...do
...do
Decimeter
Kilogram .
...do.
125
8 00
1 00
50
2 00
3 00
10
14
25
40
70
1 00
40
70
50
1 00
2
1
50
50
02
80
15
Kilogram
...do.....
...do
30
50
80
470
TAEIFFS OP THE SEVERAL C0UNTEIE8.
B. — Articlee which pay a duty of 25 per cent. — Continued.
d. DBU6S AJH) HEDICnrES.
Na
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1011
1012
1913
1014
1015
1916
1918
1924
1901
1931
1934
1023
1936
1937
1938
1939
1935
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1938
1949
1950
19S5
1987
1951
1952
1953
1954
1966
1970
1971
2045
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2107
1980
1982
2114
1955
1983
1997
1998
1993
1994
1995
2186
2232
1996
2012
8189
1025
2015
2016
2023
2282
2048
2049
2019
2025
2224
Artide, Slc
Aoid — Contixiaed.
Carbolic, liquid or powder, grou weight Kilogram.
Citric, groM weight do
ChrjHophanic, indading paokages do
Phoapborio, groaa weight do
Muriatic, gross weight do
Nitric, gross weijghi. do
Oxalic, gross weight — * do
Picric, gross weight do
Sulphuric, gross weight do
Tannic, or Tannin, gross weight do
Tartaric, cross weight j...do
Not specified, including packages ...do
AgoriCj gross weight L..do
Alkaloids, all classes not specified, including packages ! ... do
Aloes, gross weight i...do
Alum, gross weight do
Amber^s, including packages do
Ammonia :
Unit
Volatile and liquid, gross weight.
~ ■ ilffht
Carbonate, gross weight.
Citrate, nitrate, oxalate, sulphate, gross weight
Hydrate, gross weight
Other preparations
Amygdaline, mclading packages
Anise, gross weight
Antimonv :
Metaillic, gross, weight
Muriate, gross weight
Oxide, gross weight
Black salphate, gross weight
Yellow smphate, gross weight
Tartar emetic, gross weight
Other preparations, gross weight
Armenian bolo, white or red, gross weight
Armenian bole of Dr. Albert, dozen cases
Arsenic, yellow, white, or red, gross weight
Arsenic, other preparations, gross weight.
Articles of mbber or gutta percha, for druggists, gross weight
Asparagine, including packages
Balsams, medicinal, not speciiied, gross weight
Barium:
Chloride, gross weight
. Other preparations, gross weight — • ,
Barks, mcaicinal, not specified, gross weight
Baryta:
Acetate, gross weight ,
Carbonate, gross weight
Caustic, gross weight
Nitrate, gross weight
Sulphate, gross weight
Other preparations, gross weight
Beans, medicinal, whole or powdered, gross wbight
Benzine, gi'oss weight
Bismuth, not specified prex)arations, gross weight
Bones, calcined, gross weight
Borax, gross weight
Bottle tops, bone'or rubber, gross weight
Boxes, cardboard, gross weight
Boxes, wood, gross weight
Bromine, including packages ,
Bromine, preparations of, including packages
Bromoform, iucloding packages
Bur^ndy pitch, gross weight
Bunion shields, boxes of 12 .• ,
Cadmium and its preparations, including packages
Calamine :
* Prepared, ^ross weight
Stone, gross weight
Camphor, gross weight
Cantnarides, whole or powdered, gross weight
Cannla fistula, gross weight
Castoreum, inclolng packages
Catechu, gross weight
Chalk:
Camphorated, gross weight
Prepared, gross weight
Charcoal, animal or vegetable, gross weight
Cerium and its preparations, gross weight
Chemical and pharmaceutical products, not specified, gross weight.
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Dozen
Kilogram.
...do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do ......
...do
..do
...do
...do
..do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
-do
Dozen
Kilogram
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
Vain.
atioiL.
10 20
1 00
8 00
25
08
12
30
1 20
06
1 25
75
4 00
1 00
20 OO
50
06
60 00
20
15
30
20
8 00
30
25
25
60
25
1 OO
75
5 00
12
8 W
12
00
00
00
00
5
3
5
2
3
1
20
3 00
25
1 50
25
40
40
04
3 00
50
30
5 00
40
30
00
00
40
3 00
8 00
30 00
12
1 00
50O
05
05
60
2 50
25
10 00
20
45
10
15
5 00
500
TAEIFP8 OP THE SEVEBAL C0UNTEIE8.
47t
B — ArtieUs which pay a duty of2Sper cent — Continued^
d. DRUGS AJSTD MSDICIN£&
Ko.
2027
2028
2020
2050
2026
2030
2U5
2038
2039
2040
2031
2032
2033
2034
2044
2223
1927
1928
2164
2046
2213
2047
2051
2054
2055
2056
2248
1960
2222
1967
1968
2150
2151
2C59
2060
2041
2061
2062
2250
2065
2066
2078
2079
2081
2084
2080
2154
2091
2003
2094
2100
2098
2168
2105
2101
2106
2281
2301
1991
1992
1989
1990
2099
2148
1929
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
1926
1986
2108
Article, &o.
Chloral hydrate, inclading packages
Chlorodyne, iDclnding packages
Chloroform, including packages
Chroroiam and preparationfi, incladlng packages
Cigarettes, medicated, gross weight
Cooalt and preparations, including packages
Cocoa butter, gross weight
"Colcothar," gross weight
Collodion, all classes, including i>ackages
Coloquintida, gross "height
Copper:
Carbonate, chlorate, nitrate, oxide, and sulphite, gross weight . :
Snba4^etate, refined sulphate, gross weight
Unrefined sulphate, gross weight
Oi her preparations, deluding paclcages
Coraline, gross weight
Cork sqaeeasers
Cotton, medicated, gross weight /.
Cotton, gun
Crab's eyes, including packages
Cream oV tartar, gross weight
do
...do
...do
..do
...do
...do
...do
Dozen
One
...do
...do
...do
...do
Kilogram . . .
...do
Dozen
Kilogram . . .
...do
.do
do
.do
Creosote, medicinal preparation, including packages
Cubebs. gross weight
Deer's horns, calcined, gross weight
Depilatories, gross weight
Dextriue. cross weight
Dragon's blood, gross weight
Dminago tubes of metal ,
D veing presses, up to 8 liters
Elastic cotton or linen bands for belts
Elastic belts of silk for belts
Elastic stockings of silk (or half stockings) for vuicose veins
iSimo of cotton or linen
Elaterium, inclading packages ,
Elatiuc (pitch water), gross weight
Electro-magnetic belts, etc
Electuaries, gross weight
Eli Kirs, raediciual, all classes, gross weight
Erj:ot, including packages i.
Er;jotine, gros.** weight
EtMcnces, medicinal, not specified, gross weight
Ether :
Acetic, chloric, nitric, sulphuric, gross weight
Ot her ]) reparations, including packages
Etbiop mineral, including packages
Extracts:
Liquid. rae<licina1. not specified, gross weight
Not liquid, medicinal, gross weight
Flics, MUan, gross weight
Klowers, medicinal, not specified, gross weight
Fruit?*, medicinal, not specified, gross weight
Gelat ine, gross weight
Glucose, solid or liquid, gross weight
(ilycorine, gross weight
(iold and preparations, gross weight
Guarana, inoss weight
GuiTis, medicinal, not specified, gross weight
Gntta percha, natural state, gross weight
Helinti*opc, cakes or packages, including packings
Herbs, medicinal, not specitied, gross weight
Hernial trusses :
Single
Double
Homeopathic medicine cases up to 65 kinds in vials
Same, with more than 65 vials
Homeojpathic globules, gross weight..... | Kilogram
Hound 8 tonjjTUc, gros.s weight do
Unit.
Kilo
)gram
do!!!!
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
...do.....
...do....
...do....
...do...
...do....
Dozen —
Kilogram
— do
...do...
...do.....
...do....
Yala.
ation.
Infants' food i»r«»pared, gross weight
Inrusions, medicinal, not specified, gross weight .
Ii^jectioDH. medicinal, not Hpecitled, gross weight
Iodine, iiiclnd in? packages
Iodine, preparations not specified, gross weight..
loiloform, gross weight
Iron :
Sulphate, gross weight
Tartrate of iron and potash, cross weight
Carbonate, oxide, and sulphide, gross weight
do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
$2 60'
8 oa
2 GO
5 00
8 00
2 00
76
20
60
1
1
1 00
60
16
6 00
25
4 00
35
8 00
50
«0
60
2 00
60
50
1 00
16
1 00
2 00
6 00
2
4
2
1
00
00
00
00
20 00
1
3
1
1
5
5
25
00
00
50
00
00
OO
1 00
6 00
1 20
00
15 00
5
5
00
00
35
50
50
4 00
10 00
10 00
03
60
25
470
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
B. — Articlee which pay a duty of 25 per cent, — Continued.
d. DBUGS AJH) MEDICINES.
Na
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1011
1012
1913
1014
1915
1916
1018
1924
1901
1931
1934
1023
1936
1937
1938
1939
1935
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1938
1049
1950
1985
1987
1951
19:)2
1953
1954
1966
1970
1971
2045
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2107
1980
1982
2114
195r>
1983
1J)97
1998
1993
1994
1995
2186
2232
1996
2012
8189
1925
2015
2016
2023
2282
2048
2040
2019
2025
2224
Artiole, Slc
Unit
Kilogram.
-do.
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
do
Aoid — Continued.
Carbolic, liqnid or powder, gross weight
Citric, gross weight
Chrysophuiio, indnding packages
Phosphoric, gross weight
Muriatic, gross weight
Kitric, gross weight.
Oxalic, gross weight — *
Picric, gross weight
Snlphoric, gross weight
Tannic, or Tannin, gross weight
Tartaric, cross weight
Not specified, including packages
AgoriCj gross weight
Alkaloids, all classes not specified, including packages L . . do
Aloes, gross weight ...do
Alum, gross weight do <
Amber^s, including packages do
Ammonia :
Volatile and liquid, gross weight do
Carbonate, gross weight ^ do
Citrate, nitrate, oxalate, sulphate, gross weight do
Hydrate, gross weight do
Other preparations
Amygdaline, including packages do
Anise, gross weight do
Antimony :
Metaillic, gross, weight do
Muriate, gross weight do
Oxide, gross weight do
Black sulphate, gross weight do
Yellow siuphate, gross weight do
Tartar emetic, p-oss weight do
Other preparations, gross weight do
Armenian bole, white or red, gross weight do
Armenian bole of Dr. Albert, dozen cases Dozen
Arsenic, yellow, white, or red, gross weight Kilogram
Arsenic, other preparations, gross weight... do
Articles of rubber or gutta percha, for druggists, gross weight do
Asparagine, including packages do
Ba&ams, medicinal, not specified, gross weight do
Barium:
Chloride, gross weight do
. Other preparations, gross weight • do
Barks, mcaieinal, not specified, gross weight do
Baryta:
Acetate, gross weight
Carbonate, gross weight
Caustic, gross weight
Nitrate, gross weight
Sulphate, gross weight
Other preparations, gross weight
Beans, medicinal, wliole or powdered, gross wbight
Benzine, gross weight
Bismuth, not specilied preparations, gross weight
Bones, calcined, gross weight
Borax, gross weight
Bottle tops, bone'or rubber, gross weight
Boxes, cardboard, gross weight
Boxes, wood, gross weight
Bromine, including packages
Bromine, preparations of, including packages
Bromoform, including packages
Bur^ndy pitch, gross weight
Bunion shields, boxes of 12 , *....
Cadmium and its preparations, including packages
Calamine:
• Prepared, ^:ross weight do
Stone, gross weight do
Camphor, gross weight do
Cantnarides. whole or powdered, gross weight do
Canula fistula, gross wei ght do
Castoreum, inclding packages do
Catechu , gross weight do
Chalk:
Camphorated, gross weight do
Prepared, gross weight do
Charcoal, animal or vegetable, gross weight do
Cerium and its preparations, gross weight do
Chemical and pharmaceutical products, not specified, gross weight do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
. ..do ....^
...do
..do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do ,
...do
...do
...do
..do ,
Dozen
Kilogram . .
Vain,
atiom.
10 20
1 00
8 00
25
08
12
30
1 20
06
1 25
75
00
00
4
1
20 00
50
06
60 00
20
15
30
20
8 00
30
25
25
60
25
1 00
75
5 00
12
8 00
12
00
00
00
00
5
3
5
2
3
1
20
3 00
25
1 50
25
40
40
04
3 00
50
30
5 00
40
30
00
00
40
3 00
8 OO
30 00
12
1 00
5 00
05
05
60
2 50
25
10 00
20
45
10
15
5 00
500
\
TABIFP8 OP THE SEVERAL C0UNTEIE8.
471
B ^ArtioleB which pay a duty of2Sper ofn*.— Continued,
d. DRUGS AJSTD MSDICIN£&
Ko.
2027
2028
2029
2050
2026
2030
2145
2038
2039
2040
2031
2032
2033
2034
2044
2223
1927
1928
2164
2046
2213
2047
2051
2054
2055
2056
2248
1900
2222
1967
1968
2190
2151
2C59
2060
2041
2061
2062
2250
2065
2066
2078
2079
2U81
2084
2080
2154
2091
2093
2094
2100
2098
216«
2103
2101
2106
2281
2301
1991
1992
1989
1990
2099
2148
1929
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
l»2rt
1986
2108
Article, &o.
Chloral hydrate, including packages
ChloitMlyne, including packages
Chloroform, in eluding packages
Chroroiam and preparationn, including packages
Cisarettes, medicated, gross weight
Cooalt and preparations, indading packages
Cocoa butter, gross weight
"Colcothar." gross weight
Collodion, all classes, including packages
Coloqnintida, gross "height
Copper:
Carbonate, chlorate, nitrate, oxide, and sulphite, gross weight . :
Snbacetate, refined sulphate, gross weight
Unrefined sulphate, gross weight
Oi her preparations, mcluding packages
Coraline, gross weight
Cork squeezers
Cotton, medicated, gross weight /.
Cotton, gun
Crab*H eyes, including packages
Cream of tartar, gross weight
do
Kilo
Creosote, medicinal preparation, including packages do
C ubebs. gross weight do
Deer's horns, calcined, gross weight do
Depilatories, gross weight do
Dextnue, gross weight do
Dia^on's blood, gross weight , do
Drainage tubes of metal Dozen
Dveing presses, up to 8 liters One.
Elastic cotton or linen bands for belts do
Elastic belts ofsilk for belts do
Elastic stockings of silk (or half stockings) for vuioose veins do
Sjirae of coiton or linen do
Elaterium, including packages Kilogram
Elatinc (pitch water), gross weight do
Electro-magnetic boltsieto Dozen
Electuaries, ^i os-s weight Elilogram
EliKir<4. medicinal, all classes, gross weight do
Eriiot, includiup: packages * do
Erjjotine, gros.s weight do
Essences, medicinal, not specified, gross weight do
Ether:
Acetic, chloric, nitric, sulphuric, gross weight do
Other preparations, including packages do
Ethiop mineral, including packages do
Extracts :
Liquid, medicinal, not specified, gross weight do
Not liquid, medicinal, gross weight do
Fliej», Milan, gross weight do
Flowers, medicinal, not specified, gross weight do
Fruits, medicinal, not specified, gross weight do
Gelatine, gross weight — do
Glucose, solid or liquid, gross weight do
CJ lycorine, gross weight do
Gold and preparations, gross weight -^.do
( J uarana, ^uss weight do
Gums, medicinal, not specified, gross weight do
Gutra percba, natural state, gross weight do
ilelioti'ope, cakes or packages, including packings do
Ileibs, mcilicinal, not si»eciliied, gross weight do
Uerninl trusses:
Single Dozen
Double do
Homeopathic medicine cases up to 65 kinds in vials One
Same, with more than 05 vials do
Homeopathic globules, gross weight 1 Kilogram ..
• Unit.
)gram
do!!'.!
do
do
.do
do
do
.do
do
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do ....
...do....
Dozen ...
Kilogram
do —
...do....
...do....
...do....
Hound s tongue, gross weight.
Infants' food jHvparcd, cross weight
Infusions, medicinal, not specified, gross weight .
Iniections. medicinal, not Hpecilied, gross weight
Iodine, iuclndins packages
Io<line, preparations not specified, gross weight..
Iodoform, gross weight
Iron :
Sulphate, gross weight
Tartrate of iron and potash, gross weight
Carbonate, oxide, and sulphide, gross weight
do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
Yala-
ation.
$2 60'
3 W
2 00
6 00
8 00
2 00
76
20
60
29
1
1
1 00
60
16
6 00
25
4 00
36
8 00
50
eo
60
2 00
60
60
1 00
15
1 00
2 00
6 00
2
4
2
1
00
00
00
00
20 00
1
3
1
I
5
6
25
00
00
50
00
00
OO
1 00
5 00
1 20
5
2
70
00
50
50
30
2 00
12
40
400 00
3 00
60
3 00
40
50
6 00
12 00
5 00
15 00
5
5
00
00
35
50
50
4 00
10 00
10 00
03
60
25
472
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COGNTBIES.
B. — Articles which pay a duty of 2^ per cent, — Continned.
d. DRUGS AND MEDICINES.
No.
2109
2110
2111
2037
2117
2280
2110
2120
2121
2123
1978
2199
2200
1984
2202
2203
2113
2125
2129
2170
2003
2004
2005
2000
2008
2009
2010
2128
2127
2130
2131
2192
2014
2180
2170
2132
22C7
2133
2134
2136
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2149
2013
'-'152
2204
1930
2157
2160
2519
1917
2161
21G2
21G3
1899
1900
2115
21 G5
2 J 06
2171
2172
2173
Article, &c.
IJnIt.
tton.
Iron — Continued.
Citrate, ammoniacal citrate, phosphate lactate, perchlorete, ammo-
niacal poi chlorate, iron by hydrogen, or tlie arseniurette danl-
phate, mcluding packages
Same as No. 1926
Other preparations, gross weight
Isinglass, gruss weight
Jalaps-resin, gross weight
Jayne's tonic vermifuge, gn>8s weight
Kamela, including packages
Kaolin, grross weight
Kermes, mineral, including packages
Lycopodtuni, incUiding packages '.
La==, medicinal preparations of, gross weight
Eilognun.
Kilogram
— do
...do
.. do....
...do
...do
...do....
...do....
...do ....
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
.do
do
do
.do
do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
do
Lead:
Acetate and nitrate, gross ^eight
Cartmnate, gross weight
Carbonate in- cones, gross weight
Chloride, including packages
Other preparations, including packages
Leaves, medicinal, not specified, gross weight ...
Lf>ptandrin, including packages «
Lichen, gross weight
Licorice in paste, gross weight
Limo:
Dry hypochlorite, gross weight.
Liquid sulphite and bisulphite, gross weight
l*recipitate<l phosphate, gross weight
Fluor spar, ctohs weight
Superpuosphate, ordinary, gross weight j.-..do
Other preparations, gross wei|rht ; do
Chloride in crystals, gross weight I do
Liniments, medicinal, not specified, gross weight ^ j do
Liquors, medicinal, not specified, gross weight ,...*. | do
Litnarge, gross weight
Lithium, and jireparations, including packages
Loadstone, gross weight
Logwood, extract of, gross weight
Lozenges :
Medicinal, gross weight
Non- medicinal, gross weight
Lupuline, including packages
Lint and plaster for wounds, gross weight
Mace, gross weight
Magnesia :
Calcined, gross weight
Carbonate, gross weight
Citrate, gross weight
Liquid, gross weight
Sulphate, gross weight
Other preparations, gross weight
Magnesium, in threads or sheets
Manna, gross weight
Manganese : '
Bluck oxide, gross weight
Other preparations, including packages
Mannite, gross weight
Mosses, medicinal, not specified, gross weight. .
Mercury :
Calomel, including packages
And prepnr.it ions, including packages do
Corrosive sublimate, including packages j do
Musk, including packages do
Naphthaline, cr> stals, including packages ' do
Is iokol and nreparat ions not specified, Including packages do
Xitro-benzol, including packings do
Nutgalls, entire or powdered, gross weight , do
Same as No. 1917 I
Nutmegs, whole or powdered, gross weight , Kilogram . . .
Nux vomica, including packages 1 do
Oil, of almonds, poppies, cod llvor, hemp, castor, laurel, marigold, or wal- [
nut, gross weight do
— %-
do
do
Oil, animal, and preparations including cod liver, gross weight
Oiled silk, including ])ackaji08
Opium, powder or gum, including packages do
Opodeldoc, gro.Hs weight do
" jPagliano " (Italian patent medicine), gross weight j ... do
Palladium and preparations, including packages j do
" Panquimagogo " (Italian cathartic), gross weight ! do
$1 00
4
2
5
00
00
00
50
20
10
00
00
30
1
5
25
45
45
00
00
SO
8 00
10
50
06
10
50
04
12
5 00
50
50
50
12
10 00
20
30
64
50
50
00
50
30
20
70
30
04
70
60 00
75
10
3 00
2 25
2 00
1 25
5 00
90
60 00
60
5 60
2 00
40
1 50
25
50
1 00
1 50
10 00
I ub
1 50
500 00
50
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
473
B. — Ariioles which pay a duty of 2o per cent, — Continued.
d, DRUGS AND MEDICINES.
2182 !
2183 I
2092 I
2194
2195
2064 i
2177 I
2198 !
2204 1
1933
2209
2210
2211
2212
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2205
2206
2207
2234
2225
2226
2193
2042
2227
2229
1940
2230
2188
1956
2236
2246
2244
2245
2251
2052
2190
2197
2252
2116
2253
2254
2255
225G
2257
2258
225?)
2260
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2231
2263
2075
2076
Paper:
Filter, CTO80 weight
Fly pobon, cross weight
Other mediciual, not specified, gross weight
Paste, pectoral, all classes, gross weight
Pepsine :
Pare, or in paste, including packages
Amylaceous, iucluding packages
Phosphorus, all kindn, gross weight
Pills, capsules, granules, drops, of all medicines, gross weight.
Pill-maker
Plaster :
Medicinal, gross weight
Porous, gross weight
Platinum and preparations not specified, including packages.
Podophyllin, inclading packages
Poppies, gross weight
Potash :
Acetate, bitartrate, caustic, citrate, chromate, oxalate, permanganate,
prussiate, sulphite, snlpho-cxtrbonate, tortrate, gross weight...
....do
...do
Carbonate, bicarbonate, chlorate, hyposalphite, nitrate, solid silicate,
sulphate, and super-oxalate, gross weight
Liquid silicate, gross weight
Rocbelle salts
Other preparations not specified, including i>ackages
Potassium :
Metallic, including packages
Bromide, cyanide, grosf weight
Sulphite, gross weight
Iodide, gross weight
Powder :
Red or white precipitate, including packages
Dover's, including packages
Insect, gT08» weight
Red powder for jewelers, including packages
Propylamine, gross weight
Protein, gross weight.
Pumico Rtone, gross weight
Quassia cups, gross weight
Qainia, gro8s weight
liacahout (a preparation of cacao), gross weight
Rings, bone or ivory, for infants, gross weight
Roots, medicinal, not specified, gross weight
Rubber nipples, including packages
Safl'ron, and imitstions, gross weight
Saeo, grosH weight
Saucine, including packages
Salt:
Of Eno, Evans, Hibbert, Hockins, Lamplough, dtc, gross weight
Vichy, Carlsbad, &c., gross weight
Seeds, medicinal, not specified, gross weight
Setons, veget«ble, gross weight
Silver, nitrate, including packages
Same preparations not specified, gross weight ...
Sinapisms, gro»s weight
Soap, fur mediciual and other uses, gross weight
Soda:
Acetate, phosphate, and solid silicate, gross weight
Arseniate, bi^ulphute, oxalate, sulphite, bisulphite, tartrate, bitar.
trate. including packages
Carbonate and sulphate
Caustic (for soap), bicarbonate, hyposulphite, nitrate, and liquid
silicate
Other preparations not specified, including packages do
Sodium : I
Metallic, including packages j do .
Bromide, including packages j do .
Bisulphide, including packages i do .
Spatulas : ■;
Steel, flexible I Dozen
Kilogram
— do ....
...do ....
...do....
...do....
do
.do
do
do
do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.flo
.do
•do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
Of woo<l or bone.
Spirits, medicinal, not specified, gross weight.
Sponges :
Ordinary, gross weight
Fine, gross weight
Stags' horns scrapings, gross weight
Spoogiopiline, gross weight .'
Strontium :
Carbonate or nitrate, gross weight
Other preparations, including iMtckages ..
...do ...
Kilogram
Valua-
tion.
do
do
do
do
do
.do
60 00
15 00
1 50
4 00
3 00
80
3 00
300 00
8 00
50
70
15
07
50
00
20 00
80
20
5 00
1
1
2
I
50
50
50
50
10
10
10
00
00
50
4 00
50
3 CO
12 00
15
10 00
50
25
50
5 00
30 00
60 00
1 40
20
15
1 00
04
07
4 00
5 00
1 50
90
3 00
1 50
2 00
4 00
10 00
20
2 50
25
3 00
474
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
B.-^Articles wkkik pay a duty of 25 per cent, — Continjied.
d. DRUGS Ain> MEDICINBS.
Na
2077
1059
1960
1962
1963
2265
2266
2097 :
2118
2268
2260
2270 I
2271
2272
1932
2058
2278
2073
2279
2287
2289
1919
2284
2284
2291
2292
2293
2156
22iM
1920
1921
2296
2307
2308
2309
2310
Artide, dbo.
Strontium— Ck>ntlniied.
Chloride, groM weight
Sagar candy
Same, of milk
Solphar:
whole, in stick*
Flowers of
Suspensory bandages:
Cotton or linen
Silk, or with cotton pieces '. ^
Springes, tin, bronze, or composition, gross weight ■
Sirups, medicinal, not specified, gross weight
Talc, Venetian, powdered, gross weight
Tamar Indien, gross weignt
Tamarinds, gross weight
Tannire, or tannic acids, gross weight .*. .
Tapioca, gross weight
Tar, Gnyot's liquid, &o., gross weight
Teeth, of mineral, with or withont sum
Thymol, crystallized, including pacsages
Tin, preparations not specifle4ij including packages
Tinctures, medicinal, gross weight
Tripoli, gross weight
Tucia, whole or prepared, gross weight
Turpentine:
Spirits, gross weight
vAetian, gross weight
Alsatian, gross weight
Ungaents, medicinal, not specified, gross weight
Uranium and preparations, not specified, gross weight
Vanilla, gross weight
Varnish for gilding, gross weight
Vasaline, cosmoliue, &c., gross weight
Waters:
Medicinal, distilled, gross weight '.
Medicinal or artlficia]^ Vichy, Seltz, Sec, gross weight
Wines, medicinal, not specified, gross weignt
Zinc:
Acetate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, including packages, gross weight
Carbonate and oxide, gross weight
Sulphate, gross weight
Other preparations, not specified, gross weight
Unit.
Slilogram
...do....
.do
do
Dozen ...
... do....
Kilogram
....do
...do....
...do....
...do....
...do ....
...do....
...do...
Hundred
Kilogram
— do
...do...
...do....
...do....
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
Vain-
ation.
$0 40
30
60
06
07
1 50
6 00
70
50
08
1 00
12
1 25
15
25
12 00
10 00
1 50
2 00
10
25
15
25
15
1 50
12 00
15 00
50
60
30
10
50
1 50
40
12
5 00
C. — Articles which pay a duty of 15 per cent,
a. 6ENEBAL MERCHANDISE.
Bags for packing :
1192 Hemp or jute, gross weight
1193 Cotton, gross weight
11 94 All otlier kinds coarse cloth
197 Bamboo cane, Guayaquil, split or whole
378 Barrel or pipe st4iv'es, new or old, finished, up to 150 centimeters long,not
over 32 millimeters thick
651 Boot and shoe lasts
652 Same, with screw
Bottles :
133 Karthenware, for liquors, &c., gross weight
302 Class, for liquors, &.c., ordinary, gross weight
730 Bricks, fire-burned, for founderies
Brushes:
153 For tar, with handles
154 : All other classes, to paint, varnish, or whiten, gross weight
768 Canvas of cotton or linen for ships' sails. No. 1 to No. 7, gross weight —
246 Cement, Bonian or Portland, gross weight
533 Cloth of cotton, raw, plain, coarse, and strong, for bags, of not more than
15 threads, warp and woof, gross weight
276 Coral, plain or worked, to be appraised.
277 Corks lor bottles, gross weight
706 Emery pai>er, gross weight
330 Epaulets with gold or silver thread
1078 I Fish-nets, gross weight . .
705 I Garters, cotton elastic, for ladies
I Gold:
760 • Books of gold or silver leaf up to 25 leaves of 65 centimeters square. .
888 Plate for table service ".
064 I Ornaments of gold or silver, with or without cotton, linen, or silk
Sieces, &o., including packings
dsof wood
S31 J .Hemp orjuteosnaburgs for boys, gross weight
Kilogram ...
...do
...do '
Hundred ...'
...do
Dozen
One
Kilogram . . .
... dS
Hundred ...
Dozen
KUogram . . .
— do
...do
.do
...do....
...do....
Pair
Kilogram
Dozen ...
Gross
Gram
$0 40
55
16
45 00
8 00
9 00
1 00
03
05
00
00
00
60
02
50
4
Kilogram . . .
One
Kilogram . . .
60
20
40 00
50
50
3G 00
80
50 00
1 50
35
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES.
475
C. — Artiolea tvhichpay a duty of 15 per cent, — Continued.
a, GENERAL MBBCflANDISE.
No.
1079
747
1006
1047
814
74
093
995
906
308
61
818
1696
1446
1755
1734
1726
1746
1484
1676
1700
1697
1608
1">07
I'^rj
141*1
1T19
1K07
ir»(jO
iGo:i
1566
15:^8
1727
1702
1712
1714
1704
1828
1C90
1539
1711
1728
1472
1742
174;<
1731
1568
1570
1730
1756
1717
1G05
1747
1757
1759
1774
1729
1627
1439
1620
1705
1744
Article, Slo.
Oara for boate
Pencils :
For carpenters (wood)
For drawing, Sec, to be appraised,
jtinff, gross weikl
kleA>looks, of ^
weight
Powder for blasting, gross weight
Pulleys and tackleA>looks, of wood, with or wlthoat pieces of iron, gross
Sackcloths, of hemp, coarse, gross weight
Sharpeners for tools, common stone, gross weight. . ..
Stones :
For whetting tools, small, all sorts, gross weight.
For mills, &.c. ..
Tubes, of glass, for machinery, gross weight
Vialp, of glass, small, wither wlthoat other pieces
Wood, common, for building, nnplaned, in pkmks, boards, &o., on the
base of 25 millimeters thick
b. HARDWARE, METALS, ETC.
Adzes, for carpenters and coopers, gross weight.
Alembics, to be appraised.
AnvilA, smiths', gi-oss weight
Augurs, Sco., for^'birbiqmes," gross weight ....
Awls:
With or without handles, gross weight.
jight
Same, large size, gross weight
Balances, chemists' and assayers', gross weight
Bellows, forge, over one cenumeter wide, gross weight
"Birbiquies ' (bitt-stocks ?) of all classes, with or without bitts, gross
weight
BitU:
Over 35 centimeters long, gross weight
Same, less than 35 centimeters long, gross weight
Boat-hooks, iron, plain, or galvanized, gross weight
Bridget, gross weight
Buckets, iron, for mines, gross weight
Calkers' irons, gross weight -•
Capstan and windlass, gross weight ,.
Capsules, metal, for bottlo tops, gross weight
Cars and coaches for railroads, to be appraised.
Carts and wagons, to be appraised.
Chains, iron, links not over 13 millimeters diameter, for launcnes, carts,
&c , gross weight
Chalk cords fbr carpenters, gross weight
Chisels :
Iron or steel, gross weight
With or without bandies, gross weight
Or grooves for wood, with or without handles, gross weight
Compasses, iron, with or without brass pieces, gross weight
Cranes for weights, gross weight
Crowbars, of iron, gross weight
Chains, same as 15^, for balances, horses, dogs, fire-engines, &c., gross
weight
Diamonds, for glass-cutting
Files, gross weight
Fish-hooks, gross weight
Flatrirons, fur laundering, ^ross weight
Goose, for tailors, gross weight
Hammer, iron, with or without handle, gross weight •
Hand-carts :
Two wheels, without box
Two wheels, for baggaga
Handles, of w<kmI. fof tools, &c., gross weight
Hardware, other articles, not specitied, gross weight
Hatchets or axes, with or without bandies, gross weight
Hoes, iron, gross weight
Same, with or without handles, gross weight
Iron:
In bars, square or roun«1, gross weight
Plain or fcn-ii gated, but without painting or galvanism, gross weight .
Jewelry, fine, or other articles of gold and silver, not specified, with or
' without pearls, precious stones, &c., including packings
Keys, iron, for boats, gross weight
Knee-irons, for boats, gross weight
Knife sharpeners, with handles of wood, bone, iron, or horn
Knives :
For butchers, wooden handle, blade not over 15 centimeters long, gross
weight
For carpenters or coopers, gross weight
For pruning, gross weight
Unit
One
Gross
Kilogram ..
.do
.do
do
...do....
Pair
Kilogram
Dozen
Sq. meters
Kilogram
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
do
do
Vain-
ation.
do
do
do
do
do
do
.do
do
.- do....
One
Kilogram
...do
do
...do
...do
One
. ...do....
Kilogram
...do....
...do...-
.. do....
...do....
do
do
...do.
...do .
.. do .
Dozen
Kilogram
..do....
...do....
91 00
2 00
18
25
30
12
04
150 00
70
2 00
35
85
10
1 20
2 00
35
15 00
30
1 20
60
90
12
20
20
35
20
80
10
1 20
35
75.
75
70
20
06
20
3 00
30
00
04
20
20
3 50
10 00
20
35
30
18
20
05
07
500 00
50
25
2 50
50
60
60
476
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
C. — Articles which pay a duty of 15 per cent, — Continned.
b HABDWARB, KET ALS. ETC.
No.
1660
1752
1890
1737
1797
1829
1732
177U
liilO
1459
1442
1443
1444
171M
1739
1693
1740
1751
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1724
1701
1721
1694
1745
1615
1515
1516
1748
1862
1633
1722
1723
1749
1750
1754
1710
1753
1795
1796
1876
1877
1738
1718
1C85
1703
1809
1818
1709
1735
1738
1506
1741
1850
isr.i
1862
18.>3
18r4
1855
18.>6
1864
1805
1567
1569
Article, Sec.
.do
.do
.do
Laotems of t»lc
Lathe, iron, for hand use, gross weight
Lathes (?) for carpenters' use, &c., grot* weight
Levels, gross weipht
Machines for agricnltare, mining, and the arts, gross weight
Machinery, pieces of, gross weignt
Mallets of wood, gross weight
Manometers Ihr steam-engines -■
Motors of all kiud», gross weight
Molds, of metal, for foonderies, to he appraised.
Needles :
For sewing machines, gross weight
For sailcloth, gross weight
For packing, gross weight
Photographic machines, set up or in pieces One
Pickaxes, with or ^vlthont handles, gross weight '■ Kilogram
Pincers, gross weight ! do
Pincers of iron for carpenters or shoemakers, gross weight do
Pincers, smiths', gross weight do
Pipes : I
For stoves, of sheet iron, gross weight j do ... .
For stoves, of wrought iron, plain or galvanized, gross weight ! do
For stoves, of cast iron, gross weight do
For steam-boilers, brass, gross weight do
Of leail or com position^ gross weignt j do
Pitchforks, gross weight ! do
PlancM :
All classes, gross weight ."
Steel blades for, gross weight
Plows, made up or in pieces, gross weight
Plow points, cast or wrought iron, gross weight ; do
Pulleys and blocks, of iron, gross weight do
Pumps (st^'am). for removing water from mines, gross weight ' do
^me, handles of leather or gutta-percha, gross weight I do
Punch, iron or steel, for shoemakers, gross weight do
Rails, iron or steel, for railroads, gross weight .' do
Rowlocks, ii-on, plain or galvanised, gross weight j do
Saws :
Small, steel blailes for, gross weifeht
Larfre, strel blades for, up to 3 centimeters wide, gross weight
Handsaws of all kinds, gross weight
Large saws, all forms, with or without fixtures, over 3 centimeters
wide, gross weight
Saw sharpeners, iron, gross weight
Screw-drivers for can)euters, gross weight
Screws, lai'ge, iron or wooden, for carpenter's bench, gross weight
Sewing machines:
With or without duplicate pieces, gross weight
Cases of iron, wood, or both, &c., gross weight
Shears, of iron, for lur cutting, gross weight
Shears with screw, for tailors, gross weight
Shovels, iron, with or without handles, gross weight
Sickles and scythes, with or without handles, gross weight
Sieves of iron wire lor metals, coarse
Sledges of iron, for blacksmiths, gross weight
Solder, for tinsmiths, gross weight
Springs, iron, gross weight
Squares :
Movable, for carpenters, gross weight
Of cloth, for carpenters, over 2 meters long, f^ss weight
Of wood, iblding, for carpenters, with or without pieces of brass,
gross weight
Troughs of iron, gross weight
Trowels for gardeners or bricklayers, gross weight ! do
"Watches:
Gold, thin, one or two cases
Gold, medium, one or two cases
Gold, thick, one or two cases
Silver
Copper, gilded or plated i do
Other common metal, nickeled do
Gold or silver, with precious stones, to be appraised
"Wheels, wrought iron :
For cars and carts, gross weight j Kilogram
For hand-cars, gross weight do
Wheelbarrow, one wheel :
All iron
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
do
20
1 50
1 00
40 00
20
1 00
35
15
15
13
07
60
12
30
50
50
12
12
12
20
20
65
60
20
1 00
1 50
90
45
60
75
10
60
25
50
1 00
20
35
30
15
20
20
25
50
00
20
50
30 00
60 00
80 00
10 00
3 CO
3 00
One..
Of wood ; — do
16
20
00
00
TABIFFS OF THE SEVEEAL COUNTRIES.
477
C. — Articles which pay a duty, of 15 per cent, — Continued,
b. HAKDWARE, J2CBTALS, ETC.
No.
1449
1451
1117.3
1897
Articles.
Wire:
Iron^ up to No. 7, inclasiye, eroes weight .
Samewfi^vanixed, gross weight
Cnttero, gross weight
Zinc, in leaves, or sheets, gross weight.
Unit
£ilogram
...do....
...do....
...do....
Yalaa-
tion.
$0 06
08
20
12
D. — Articles which pay a duty of 4 per cent.
£. — Specific duty.
Beer:
Bottles .
Barrels.
Cigars
Coffee, all classes
Gin:
Bottles
Barrels
Liqueurs, bottles
Liquors :
Strong, common bottles
Same, barrels ->. .
Bum:
Bottles
Barrels
Snuff
Tea
Wine:
White
Claret, bottles
Claret, barrels
Spirits of
Yerbamate
Dozen
Liter
Kilogram
Dozen
Liter .
Dozen
do
Liter
Dozen ...
Liter
Kilogram
...do....
Liter ....
Dozen ...
Liter ....
...do....
Kilogram
$1 25
12
3 00
16
3 00
82
4 50
4 00
42
4 00
42
3 00
75
82
2 25
25
60
06
F,—ArticUs free of duty.
1464
1683
68
381
78
1780
227
1532
1519
763
1826
1520
1533
1537
209
1809
1600
1585
1507
199
846
820
48
40
980
1678
Anchors, iron, for yessels, gross weight
Anchors or chain shackles, gross weight
Animals, living, to be appraised.
Articles for divine worship ; for diplomatio agents to Chili ; for Chilian
ministers; for the State: for city governments and charitable in-
stitutions, to be appraised.
Abestos, whole or in powder, gross weight .'
Ballast^ •ec "Lastre"
Barley, common, gross weight
Belay ing pins, of wood, gross weight
Boats and skiffs, finished or incomplete
Books, printed ; all kinds not incladed in the tariff of 35 x>or cent., gross
weight
Brads, copper, brass, composition, Sec., gross weight
Baoys, iron, with chain, &.C., gross weight
Cables, of iron wire, gross weight
Chains, iron, links over 13 millimeters diameter, gross weight
Charts and plans, geographical or topographical
Coins, to be appraised.
Compass for binnacle, to be appraised.
Copper or composition nails for ships, gross weight
Copper, in leaves and sheets, for ships, gross weight
C<Mkr---ton = 10 metric Quintals
Cordage, raw material for maldng; cocoanut fiber, coarse sacking, 4m).,
to be appraised.
Com, gross weight
Cotton:
With the seed, gross weight ,
Without the seed, gross^weight
Seeds, gross weight
Cross-bars for anchors, gross weight
Kilogram . . .
.do
..do
...do
One..
10 13
12
06
03
20
100 00
Kilogram.
!! do!!!!!
...do
...do
...do
1
1
— do
...do
Ton..
Kilogram
.do
.do
.do
.do
00
00
20
35
OS
00
50
50
8 00
03
18
33
10
10
478
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
F. — Articles free ofdutjf — Continued.
No.
288
275
875
876
655
13U
1505
817
309
Article, Ac
1646
1035
1474
1617
1059
499
522
317
1777
60H
887
800
619
978
1478
1643
196
716
1839
1840
1317
1771
1788
1361
1780
447
896
1793
473
857
859
1806
462
86
1767
932
943
952
748
1080
145
468
191
626
1769
1067
1666
88
1327
730
229
1340
1198
877
1030
1832
897
879
1437
Cmoiblew, of platinam or alnmininm
Cupels, for aMayen
Designs:
For writing, gross weight
For teaching drawine, gross weight
Dyes and matemla for cloth making, to be appraised.
Earth for blasting furnaces, gross weight
Earth-borers, iron or steel, for miners
Ebony wood in the rough, per cubic decimeter
Equipages (baggage), mcluding only the clothing, shoes. Jewels, and
printea Dool^s, all for owner's use and in a quantity adapted to his
circumstances and position, but does not Include table service,
even if it has been used, nor whole pieces of any cloth goods, to
be appraised.
"Escotines,^ chain, ^i^ross weight
Exotic plants or their seeds, to be appraised.
Firo extinguishine: apparatus, to be appraised.
Fire engines and fixtures, to be appraised.
Fisheries in national vessels, products of, to be appraised.
Fragments of wrecked ships, not including provisions on board at the
time of the disaster, which shall be obliged to pay the corrO'
spending duty for all over $500, to be appraised.
Fruits, fresh, not specified, gross weight
Furs (of cattle) dry or salted
Gas lamps, glass or metal, one or more lights, gross weight
Geographical and celestial globes, gross weight
Gold:
In powder or paste
In useless pieces
Guano, gross weight
Hair, animals, gross weight
Harpoon, to be appraised.
Hawsers, iron for ships, ^oss weight /
Hemp, in bulk, gross weight
Hemp cordage, white or tarred, past use, gross weight
Hydraulic presses :
For oilv seeds, j^ross weight
For lithographing and stereotyping, gross weight
Ink. prepared for printing or lithographing, gross weight
Instruments, surgical, physical, matnematical, and scientific, to be ap-
praised.
Iron, unworked, in bar or ingots, gross weight
Jute in bulk, gross weight
Lastre (ballast), patented, with pumps and furniture for ships, gross
weight
Levers, wooden
Logwood, for dye, whole or split, gross weight
Machines for carbonated hydrogen, for illuminating purposes, gross
weight
Manila fiber
Minerals in the unworked state, to be appraised.
Models and designs for machinery, gross weight ,
Molds for casting printers' spacea and forms, gross weight
Oakum to calk vessels, gross weight
Oats, gross weight ,
Ovens and other instruments for assayers, to be appraised.
Paper:
Or card-board for side linings of vessels, gross weight
Of cotton, special, unglned or half clued for printing (must be neither
better nor worse than sample No. 6), gross weight
In ribbon rolls for telegraph operators, gross weight
PencUs, slate
Pine resin for soap or ships, gross weight
Pitch prepared for vessels, gross weight.
Plush of tarred wool for shipbuilders, gross weight
Potatoes, sweetj^ gross weight
Powder trains tor minini?, gross weight
Printing presses and their furniture, gross weight
Provisions for vessels, to be appraised.
Pump clamps, boom-i^ns and partners, iron or wood^ gross weight
Quicksilver, gross weight
Rags, old, for paper making, to be appraised.
Reeds for mat making, gross woight
Rye, gross weight
Sails, nsoless, of vessels, gross weight
Saltpeter, common unrefined, gross weight
Samples of merchandise, where duty is not over fl, to be appraised.
School slates for children, framed or not
Silver in paste or old plate, gross weight z
Spars for ship's yards and masts ,
Staves for barrels, unfinished, up to 150 centimeters long, not over 32
centimeters thick
Steel unworked, in bar or plate, gross weight
Unit
Kilogram
Hundred.
Kilogram
...do...
..do...
Decimeter
Kilogram
...do ....
One
Kilogram
Grams ...
...do
Kilogram
— do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
...do ...
Dozen ...
Kilogram
-do
.do
do
do
do
.do
do
...do
...do
Thousand
Kilogram .
'.ildo!!!!!
...do
...do
...do
ValoA-
Uon.
fO 15
3 00
.do
do
.do
do
do
do
Dozen
•Kilogram
Meter ...
1
1
00
50
02
20
03
08
Hundred
Kilogram
05
400
85
50
65
44
03
600
06
10
06
20
20
25
03
09
20
00
05
20
15
50
20
18
06
10
25
25
75
06
03
28
03
28
20
06
1 00
15
03
10
04
1 00
40 00
04
6 00
13
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
479
F. — Articles free of duty — Continued.
No.
59
1684
1654
1781
1512
1882
1332
631
739
740
741
750
1801
189C
Artiole, &o.
Tar, common, ffroas weight
Thimbles and ineet gnaras for ships, gi'oss weight
Tin:
In bar or plate, gross weight
In sheets, gross weight
Trumi)et8 for ships, gross weights
Types of antimony, tin, lead, or zinc for printera, gross weight.
wheat, gross weight
^V^leat flour, gross weight
Wool of sheep:
Soiled, gross weight
Washed, gross weight
Of vicnfia, gross weight...
Wood for burning, gross weight
YgUow metal, in leaves or sheets, for ships, gross weight
Zinc in bar, gross weight
Unit.
Kilogram
do —
.do
.do
do
do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
.do
Vain*,
tioui.
$0 05
15
50
14
00
20
05
07
16
32
66
01
46
10
G. — Articles prohibited,
1. Provisions in a state of decomposition and other articles injurions to health.
2. Obscene paintines, statues, and other objects tending to pervert morals and good manners.
3. Ferocious animaus, reptiles, and poisonous insects, at the option of the local governor.
4. Powder, except mining, sportsmen's, and for the army, which can only be mtroduced at Valpa-
raiso, and with especial permission of the intcnden^, except when the supreme Government disposes
the contrary.
By law of Jannary 8, 1880, " It is prohibited to introduce into the territory of the republic, money of
5, l6. and 20 cents, which bear the national stamp and are less than 000 line.''
By supreme decree of May 18, 1877, the introduction of vine slips and cuttings from Europe and the
United States is proliibitod,'in consequence of the presence in those oonntries of the Phylloxera vattot'
trix.
Importations of Chili, 6y countries.
[Inclosure No. 3.]
Countries.
Argentine Bepublic
Au.'itralia
Beli:ium
Bolivia
Brazil
Cbiiia
Columbia...
Costa liica
Ecu.idor
Franc*' ,
Gemiauy
Great Britain.
Guatemala
India
Italy
Mexico
Parag:iay
Peru ..' ,
Polynesia
Portugal
SanS^vador
Spain
Tfnited States
Uruguay
Fisheries ^
Total.
1878.
$2, 623, 090
624, 733
673, 726
490, 348
48,760
5.
2,
7.
1,
1,
1.
42,142
100. IM
122, 485
933, 351
948, 365
2,393
118,337
2^3, 396
2, 335
64,965
8.50, 825
21.066
23,410
12, 593
573, 495
491.537
18,480
102,484
26, 042, 466
1879.
$1, 607, 827
2,888
612, 896
12,764
416. 730
42, 176
48, 113
108,117
3, OCT. 629
2, 826, 264
8, 854, 763
42, 258
1C3, 856
234, 122
42. 515
2, 102, 618
17, 343
22, 120
414
162,835
1, 414. 464
56,069
35,777
1880.
$1, 465, 063
484,497
421, 657
77, 729
46,592
218, 805
4, 399, (^
4. 785, 642
13, 398, 324
41,738
87,856
295, 594
22, 704,558
143. 695
1, 313, 726
53,719
16. 951
6,580
603,028
1, 667, 078
54,099
84,536
29,716,004
1881.
$2, 032, 517
804,483
73
530,900
126, 716
1,400
46, 312
177,965
5, 588, 916
7, 385, 870
17, 589, 267
29,861
105, 600
444,008
16. 520
2, 905, 049
43,878
25.441
8,713
268, 116
1, 748, 818
136, 875
47, 516
89,564,814
1882.
$1,180,078
"'254*i68
905,982
119,837
9.319
50,510
225,195
f , 911, 479
7, 610, 656
17, 076, 301
40,755
148,564
527,006
3,417
2, 263, 067
51,661
21, 808
6,656
291, 815
2,023,704
481,624
520,961
40,724,868
480 TARIFliS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
PERU.
MILITAET TA&nr IMPOSED BT CHILI.
Minister Christiancy, writing under date of May 29, 1881, submits
the following to the Department :
The Chilian military authpritios haviDg established a tariff of cnstoms duties on
imports and exports, which I presume wul be adhered to whUe their military occu-
pation of the Peruvian littoral shall be continued, and as. that occupation may last
for a long time, I have thought it might be well that our merchants and shipowners
should have information upou the subject, inasmuch as it might affect their action, in
any question bearing upon commercial adventures to Peru. For these reasons I here
•inclose a decree of Admiral Patricio Lynch, commander-in-chief of the Chilian forces
here, dated the 24tb instant, but not published until the 27th instant, when it ap-
peared in the "Orden" and the **Actualidad," of Lima, and in **Ei Dia," of Callao.
Pafricio Lynch^ Rear-Admiral and General-in-Chief of the Army of Chili :
Whereas I have on this date decreed the following :
Considering that it is just that the Government of Chili should obtain irom the t-er-
ritory occupied by their military forces all the benefit compatible with the interest
of its conmierce and industry—
I decide :
DUTIES UPON IMPORTS.
Article 1. The merchandise imported into the port of Callao shall pay a duty of 25
per cent, upon its value, with the exception of the following, which shall pay :
Art. 2. A duty of 15 per ceut. upon —
Tar and pitch for use of ships. «
Animals alive or killed and dressed. *
Quicksilver in jars.
Charcoal and mineral coaL
Oakum for caulking.
Woolen felt (barred) for use of shipping.
Pig-iron in bars, un wrought, square, round, or in plates.
Iron axlefi or champs (or hoops).
Fresh prints.
Printing presses and utensils.
Machinery for agriculture and mining.
Flower seeds and garden seeds.
Printing ink.
Art. 3. A duty of 10 per cent, on —
Sub. 1. Chilian products, and those kinds of merchandise tree or nationalized in
Chili.
Sub. 2. Peruvian products coming from ports occupied by Chilian arms.
Art. 4. A specific duty.
Sub. 1. Brandies, bottles of the common size, 4 pesos per dozen.
Brandies, 42 cents per liter.
Coffee, 15 cents per kilogram.
Beer, 1 peso and 25 cents per dozen bottles.
Be«r, 12 cents per liter.
Cigars, 3 pesos per kilogram.
Alcohol (pure), 50 cents per liter.
Gin, 3 pesos per dozen bottles.
Gin, 32 centavos per liter.
Sweetened liquors, 4 pesos and 50 cents per dozen bottles.
Sweetened liquors, 48 cents per liter.
Lard, 5 cents per kilogram.
Suuff, 3 pesos per kilogram.
Burning rum (or burning alcohol), 4 pesos per dozen bottles.
Burning rum (or burning alcohol), 42 cents per liter.
Havana tobacco, 2 penos per kilogram.
Any other tobacco, 1 peso per kilogram.
Tea, 75 cents per kilogram.
White wine, 32 cents per liter.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 481
White wine, 3 pesos per dozen bottles.
Reil wiue, $2.25 per dozen bottles.
Red wine, 25 cents per liter.
Paraguay tea, 6 cents per kilogram.
Snb. 2. Products of Chili and those naturalized in Chili, subject to specific duties,
shall pay 25 per cent, of those established in last above.
Sub. 1- Peruvian products coming from ports occupied by the Chilian arms shall
pay the same duties as Chilian products subject to a specific duty.
Art. 5. The valuation shall be according to the Peruvian tariff of 1P80.
Art. 6. The collector of customs will prescribe the special niles and modes of pro-
ceeding to which the documents shall be submitted, which shall be presented for dis-
patch.
Art. 7. All other duties upon importation in force at the time of occupation shall be
collected in the form which the chief collector of customs sball determine.
Art. 8. All merchandise which shall be diHembarked should be immediately dis-
patched for consumption. If from exceptiomil circumstances, properly certitied by the
chief collector of customs, it shall not be possible to dispatch from the jwrt the mer-
chaudise disembarked, these may be deposited in the stores of the custom-house for
fift4*en days. The compensation for storage sball be equivalent to 2 per cent, of the
value of the merchandise. If at the expiration of fifteen days the merchandise shall
not have been dispatebed, the collector of customs shall proc(*ed to sell them at auction
to the highest bidder,^ and after deducting the costs «>f the sale and the duties due, the
residue shall remain in deposit to the credit of the party entitled thereto.
export duties.
Art. 9. Every product or manu&cture which shall be exported by ntotmls shall be
free of duty (except) —
Art. 10. There shall be excepted from the last above article (9) the following, which
shall pay :
Cotton, each 100 kilograms, $1.25.
Grained sugar and muscovado, each 100 kilograms, $1.25.
Sugar, concrete or presoed in cakes, each 100 kilograms, 80 cents.
fliuds of horned cattle, each 30 cents.
Alpaca wool, for each 100 kilograms, $5.
Common wool, fbr each 100 kilograms, $2.25.
Bar silver and old silverware, per kilogram, $1.40.
payment of duties.
Art. 11. The duties may be paid, at the option of the payer, (1) In the silver peso of
any nationality, provided always that, by weight and standard, they shall not be wortii
less than those of Chili; (2) in gold coin, computing the peso at 38 pence each; (3) in the
fiscal bills of Chili at such rates of discount as shall be fixed by this headquarters
within the first two weeks of each month.
Art. 12. This decree shall take effect from and after the 8th of June, proximo.
The decrees of the 22d January and the 15th February last are repealed.
Let it be recorded, published, and an account given to the supreme government for its
approval. That it may be brought to the knowledge of all, let it be published in the
daily papers and posted in the most public places in this city and of OUlao.
Given in the House of Government in Lima, this 24th of May, 1881.
PATRICK LYNCH.
Manuel B. Diaz B., Secretary-GeneraL
Patrick Lynch^ Bear-Admiral and Oeneral-inrChief of the Army of Chili:
Whereas I have this day decreed as follows:
Considering that it is proper to establish proper regulations for the internment (oon-
▼eyance to the interior) and exportation of merchandise —
I decree:
FOB internment.
Article 1. For the internment of merchandise, Peruvian ports in which no custom-
houses have been established shall be considered as minor ports and as dependencies of
the custom-house at Callao.
Consequently, all merchandise that has paid the duties charged at that custom-house
may be sent to those ports.
1784 CONG — A P 31
482 TARIFFS OF TTIT. SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Art. 2. )f ^^rcbants desirifig to avail themselves of the privilege granted by the fore-
eoing article shall to that end obtain a custoni-honse permit in triplicate, in which, in ad-
dition to the quantity, kind, and weight of the goods, the port of their destination shall
be stated, together with the name of the vessel which is to convey them.
One of the copies shall he left at the cnstora-honse, another shall be delivered to the
party interested, and the third shall be sent to the port of destination, so that the com-
mander of the blockading forces, or of the military forces of the place, may permit the
discharge of the goods.
Art. 3. When the goods which it is desired to send to the ports to which th*s decree
refers may, in the judgment of the collector of customs, be appraised on board without
the necessity of discharging them, this shall be permitted, on payment of the proper du-
ties in cash and security ^ing fbmished that any difference that may be detected on
their discharge in the port of destination shall be made good.
Art. 4. The collector of customs shall adopt such measures as he may deem most suit-
able for the protection of the interests ol^thc Treasury, even though they may modify
the foregoing provisions, and he shall duly report the adoption of any such measures to
the Treasury Department.
FOB KXPOBTATION.
Art. 5. Merchants wishing to export sugar, or any article subject to export duties,
from any port lying north or south of Callao, may do so by complying with the follow-
ing provisions:
1st. They shall present an application to the collector of customs at Callao, in
which is mentioned the name of the port (or ports) in which the goods are to be dis-
charged, together with the number of quintals or the quantity which it is proposed to
export.
On arranging for the payment of duties on the merchandise to be exported, the parties
interested shall furnish a certificate of deposit, or a promissory note, indorsed to tlie sat-
isfaction of the collector, by way of security for the amount of those duties.
2d. The payment of said amount shall be required if, during the period which shall be
£xed by the collector, and which shall not exceed one month, it shall not be satisfactorily
shown that the exportation has been impossible, owing to some unforeseen occurrence, or
to vis tnqjor,
3d. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in the foregoing jKirograph, the collector
Biay require the payment of the export duties to be made in cash whenever he shall
tliink proper so to do.
Art. 6. The duties having been paid, or a sufficient guarantee having been furnished
ioT their payment, the collector shall issue an order in duplicate, in which shall be
stated the name of the vessel which is to receive the goods, the exact quantity of the
latter, the name of the port (or ports) in which they are to be discharged, and any
other particulars that may tend to prevent abuses.
Both copies shall bear the approval and seal of the military commander of Callao.
Art. 7. The order referred to in the foregoing article shall be delivered to the party
interested, and shall be considered a sufficient permit by the commanding officer of the
blockading force, or by the military officer in command of the port Irom which the ex-
portation takes place.
The military commander, or, in his absence, the commander of the blockading force,
shall retain one of the copies of the order for the purpose of sending it, as speedily as
possible, to the collector of customs at Callao, after having certified to the quantity of
merchandise shipped.
The other copy shall be returned to the party interested, after the annotation entered
xipoD. the one which is reserved has been copied thereupon.
ARTf 8. The collector of customs at Callao, as soon as he shall receive the copies sent
him by the military commander, or the commander of the blockading squadron, shall
proceed to collect the duties on the goods, in case they have not yet been paid.
Art. 9. Any exports made in violation of the foregoing articles will render the party
making them amenable to the penalties provided for the prevention and repression of
smuggling.
Let it be recorded and communicated.
I'herefore,
To the end that it may become known to all, let it be published both in the news-
papers and handbills, and let the latter be posted in the most public plaoes of this dty
and of Callao.
Done at Lima, in the Government Hall, May 25, 1881.
P. LYNCH.
Manuel Diaz B., Secretary-OenertU,
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 483
THE NEW PERUVIAir TARIFF.
REPORT BY ACTING CONSUL BRENT, OP CALLAO,
I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of a decree issued yes-
terday by General Iglesias, at Lima, organizing the new customs sys-
tem, with a translation of the same.
By this ordinance, which is declared to be of a temporary character,
a deduction of fifteen per cent, is made on nearly all classes of dutiable
goods from the tariff established by the Chilian authorities whilst in
]>ossession of the northern and central coast of Peru.
In the accompanying translation of *the decree I have made certain
explanatory notes that seemed to be required.
H. M. BRENT,
Acting ConsuU
Consulate of the United States,
Callao, October 25, 1883.
[Translation.]
MiGUBL Iglbsias, Pbesident of the Republic.
Whereas it is necessary in the present embarrassed condition of the ooxmtiy to equalize
the hardens to be borne with the requirements of the nation.
It is equitable and proper to establish national credit, complying strictly and fidthfhUy
with all the obligations contracted by the State.
That although the burthens now imposed on the Republic may be heavy, they are
essentially of a transitory character, and only to subsist until the opening of the National
Assembly.
I decree:
1. That the customs tariff in force in the Republic up to the 13th January, 1881, is
now re-established with the following modifications:
The articles and merchandise comprehended in the first, second, third, fourth, and
sixth sections of the tariff will pay an additional 10 per cent, ad valorem.
Those of the fifth and ninth sections 5 per cent, additional ad valorem. Those of the
eighth section 15 per cent, ad valorem.
The articles specified in the seventh section remain subject to the former charge. *
2. All articles imported free by virtue of the former tariff will now pay 5 per cent, ad
valorem. (Agricultural and mining tools; printing paper, &c.)
3. The sums to be received from the additional duties established wiU be collected
separately, and will form a sinking ftind for the redemption of the Government paper
money.
This money is to be redeemed monthly, and the manner of so proceeding will form the
subject of a special decree.
4. The customs dues, as now established, accruing to the former tariff, must be paid
in silver coin, and the additional dues specified in this decree must also be covered in
silver coin or in Oovemment bank-notes, at the current value attached to this paper
money, to be determined by the Callao customs officers.
5. Th\a decree goes into immediate effect at Callao, and within fifteen days fh>m date
in the other custom-houses of the Republic
The minister of the treasury is enc^rged with the execution of this order.
Oiven at the Government House, in Lima, October 24, 1883.
MIGUEL IGTiKSTAfl.
Elias Malpabtida,
MimsUr of the Treasury.
* Explanatory note by the cuAing oonml.
Peroont.
ad val.
First section. Cotton goods ^ 25
Second section. Woolen goods 25
Third section. Linen goods 25
Fourth section. Silk goods 25
Sixth section. Bianumctured articles, fancy, household utensils, machinery,
lumber, grain, coal, &c Various
Fifth section. Furniture ofall kinds, clothing, trunks. Sec Various
Seventh section. Food and provisions 30
Eighth section. Wines, liquors, ales Various
Ninth section. Medidnes and drugs . . ..« *^
484 TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTRIES.
BRITISH GUIANA.
TABIEF OF BEinSH OUIAHA.
[.Ordinance No. 5, of 1882.]
Publication by His Excellency Sir Henry Turner Irving, Knight, Com-
panion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint
George, Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and over the Colony
of British Guiana, Vice- Admiral and Ordinary of the same, &c., &c.,
&c., with the advice and consent of the Honorable the Court of
Policy, combined with the financial representatives of the inhabit-
ants of said colony.
To all to whom these presents do, may, or shall come greeting, ¥e it
known:
Whereas a statement has been laid before our present combined as-
sembly, showing the amount of supplies which will be necessary to de-
fray the colonial expenditure for the current year; and Whereas it is
expedient that the necessary taxes required to defray the colonial ex-
penditure should be raised, levied, and collected by ordnance: Beit
therefore enacted by his excellency the governor of the colony of
British Guiana, with the advice and consent of the court of policy
thereof and of the financial representatives of the inhabitants of the
said colony in combined court assembled, as follows:
1. There shall be raised, levied, collect^, and paid the several duties,
as the same are respectively set forth in figures in the schedule herein
contained, upon all goods, wares, and merchandise enumerated in the
same schedule, which shall be imported into British Guiana, or taken
out of bond for consumption in the colony, on and after the first dav
of July, one thousand eight hundred and eighty- two, and until the first
day of July, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-three:
Schedule of duties payable on artides imported or taken out of bond for consumption on cmd
after 1st July, 1882, until 1st July, 1883.
Bacon per ponnd.. $0 02
Beef:
Pickled per barrel of 200 pounds-- 3 00
Dried or smoked per pound.. 02
Bread, navy biscuitsor crackers, or other kinds per 100-. 60
Bricks per 1,000.- 30
Buckets and pails of all kinds per dozen.. 25
Butter per pound.. 02
Candles:
TaUow -do.- 01
Spermaceti, wax, adamantine, hyraulic press composition, or any other
than simple tallow _ perpound.. 05
Cheese do.- 02
Chocolate, including all kinds of prepared cocoa do.. 04
Cigars do.- 75
Clapboards per 1,000— 1 50
Coals -- per hogshead, including the packages.. 24
Coals, loose . per ton.. 36
Cocoa, raw perpound.. IJ
Coffee do 1}
Confectionery, including sweetened preserves do 05
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 485
Cordage, including gasketing per 112 pounds.. $1 00
Com, grain of every description and every kind of beans, pease and pulse of
every description and eveiy kind, and whether whole or split per bushel . . 05
Com brooms per dozen.. 20
Commeal and oatmeal . per 100 pounds.. 25
Dogs — - per head.. 5 00
Donkeys do 1 00
Fish, dried per 112 pounds.. 60
Fish, pickled, say :
Salmon per barrel of 200 pounds.. 2 00
Mackerel 1 do-.-. 1 00
And all othersorts do 25
Fish, smoked per pound.. 00}
Flour of all descriptions . per barrel of 196 pounds.. $1 00
Oai\je perpound.. 50
Ginger, raw do 05
Ground feed, middlings, shorts, and bran per bushel.. 05
Gunpowder per pound.. 20
Hams and all other dried or smoked meats, and including sausages other than
in tins perpound.. 02
Hay per 100 pounds.. 10
Hoops:
Wood per 1,000— 1 50
Iron per 112pounds.. 10
Horses:
Stallions under fourteen and a half hands in height each. .100 00
All other horses per head.. 7 00
Lard per pound.. 01
Lumber* of all kinds per 1,000 feet board measure.. 2 00
Malt liquor:
In wood per hogshead.. 5 00
In bottles per dozen quarts.. 24
In bottles per dozen pints.. 12
Matches:
Per gross of boxes, oontaining each at the rate of 100 matches, if in pack-
ages containing not less than ten gross 20
Per gross of boxes, each box containing at the rate of 100 matches, if in
packages oontaining less than ten gross — 40
Match splints, per case, ^ich case containing equal to ten gross of matches of
theordimiry length 3 75
Mules _ per head.. 5 00
Muskets, guns and fowling pieces ..each.. 2 00
Oats per bushel.. 05
Opium or bhang per pound.. 2 00
Oils:
Which give off an inflammable vapor at a temperature of less than 73 degrees
Fs^renheit, as ascertained by the test which is established in England
by the42dand 43d Victoria, cap. 47 per gallon.. 3 00
All other (essential, perfumed, and castor oil excepted) do 15
Paints of all kinds - per 112 pounds.. 25
Pepper perpound.. 01
Percussion caps per 100.. 04
Pistols, including revolvers ^ each.. 5 00
Pitch per barrel.. 50
Porks pickled per barrel of 200 pounds.. 3 00
Rice — per 100 pounds.. 25
Rosin per barrel.- 50
Sago perpound.. 02
Shingles of all kinds perl,000-- 50
Shooks. - per pack.. 08
Shot. per pound.. 02
Slates per 1,000.. 1 00
Snuff ^ -.per pound... 50
Soap, other than perfumed do 00}
* 8f»moe and white pine lumber subject to a deduction of 5 per cent, for aplits.
486 TARIFFS OF THE 8ETEBAL COUNTRIE&
BpiritB or strong water of all sorts, not sweetened, not exceeding the stiength of
proof by Sykes' hydrometer^ and so on in proportioii for any greater strength
of proof, and for any greater or less quantity than a gallon at per gallon.. $2 00
Sweetened spirits, liqnears, bitters, and cordials .' do 2 00
Spirit, the following perfumed, viz., cologne water, Florida water, bay mm, and
bay water atpergallon.. 1 00
Staves and headings, white oak... per 1,000.- 2 00
Staves of every other descripticm do 1 50
Tar -. - per barrel.. 50
Sugars , per pound — 04
Tapioca do 02
Tea do-— 12
Tobacco pipes (clay) per gross.. 1 00
Tongues, pickled, dried, or smoked per pound.. 12
Turpentine, crude per galloo.. 50
Turpentine, spirits of do 18
tTobacoo:
In leal^ if in packages not less than a hogshead of 800 pounds..per pound.. 25
In leaf, if in smaller packages do 35
Manufoctured (cigars and snuff excepted) do 35
Varnish:
Not containing alcohol or spirits per gallon.. 18
Containing any quantity of alcohol or spirits do 2 00
Wine, red, admitted by the comptroller of customs as claret or Tarrag<Hia and
the dedared ^ue of which shall be any sum not exceeding two dollars a
gallon.
If in wood, and containing less than 26 per cent, of proof spirit as verified by
Sykes' hydrometer ^ per gallon.. 35
If in wood, and containing 26 per cent, and less than 33 per cent, of proof spirit
as verified by Sykes' hydrometer per ^^on.. 50
If bottled per dozen quarts.. 72
If bottled per dozen pints.. 36
Wine:
Of all other descriptions, bottled per dozen quarts.. 2 00
Of all other descriptions per dozen pints.. 1 00
Of all other descriptions, in wood per gallon.. 80
and these rates upon any greater or less quantity of such goods, wares, and merchandise,
respectively. And upon all other goods, wares, and mershandise not herein enumerated,
which shall be imported or taken out of bond as aforesaid, shall be raised, levied, col-
lected, and paid during the period aforesaid, an ad valorem duty at the rate of ten per
centum, or ten dollars upon every one hundred dollars, of the value of such goods, wares,
and merchandise, at the place of shipment : Provided, That the following artides shall
be exempt from duties :
SCHXDULB OF EXEBfPTIOKS.
Animal charcoal.
Bitumen or mineral pitch.
Broken stone and road metal of any description.
Bullion, coin, and diamonds.
Bulls, cows, calves, heifers, steers, and oxen.
Cottonseeds.
Earth closets.
Firo engines.
Fresh £h and turtle.
Fresh meats.
Fruits, vegetables, and ground provisions, not enumerated.
Goods, stores, arms and ammunition imported by order of the executive governments
Hogs and pigs, of every description.
Horses, bag^ige, and fiimiture of officers in Her Majesty's naval and military services.
Ice.
Leeches.
fDuty on tobacco to be paid on the weight thereof being certified, either by a sworn
weigher and ganger or otherwise, to the satis&ction of the comptroller of colonial cus-
toms.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 487
Lime, inclnding the packages in which it is contaiiied.
Machinery, comprising the following : Machinery employed in the drainage of land or
in mining operations, or in the manufacture or preparation of the prince of raw
materials of the colony, or in the manufacture or preparation of manures, whether im-
ported for sale or on private account; also machinery and implements intended foi
water works, tanks, and lamp posts, with their appurtenances; paving and kerh stones,
and draining pipes, imported by the mayor and town council of Geoigetown or by the
Board of Superintendence of New Amsterdam ; also machinery, retorts, gasometers, and
pipes imported for the construction of gas works in this colony; locomotive engines,
railway plant, machinery for steamboats, saw-mills, and foundries ; steam boilers of
every description, steam-boiler plates and tubes ; all pans, teaches, tanks, and other
vessels ^sed exclusively in the manufacture of sugar or for the storage supply of water;
locks or sluices for sea defenses or water supply; iron cane punts, iron bridges, grat-
ing bars, tile and brick-making machinery, and articles imported fat the use of the
pilot service of the colony.
Manures, including nitrate of soda, plaster of Paris, and whiting.
Molasses.
Materials and church fhmiture which may be specially imported for any place of wor-
ship of the Christian religion in this colony.
Materials to be used in the construction of the new Stabroek market.
Packages in which goods are imported (except trunks and camstecs and except hogs-
heads and puncheons not containing lime or coals). .
Patterns or samples.
Polariscopes.
Poultry,
Printed books, not subject to duty under Ordinance No. 14 of the year 1855.
Printing presses and types, printing paper and printing ink, imported by or directly for
the conductor of any newspaper or printing establislmient for the exclusive purpose of
being used by him in the course of his trade.
Provisions and stores of every description imported by Her Majesty's Government for
the use of Her Majesty's land and sea forces.
Salt
Sewing machines.
Sheep.
Specimens illustrative of natural history, garden seeds, bulbs, and roots.
Steam-plows, steam-diggers, and steam-dredgers.
Telegraph instruments and other materials imported by telegraph companies, and nec-
essary for the use and construction of their works, offices, and stations in tins colony.
Tombstones.
Uniforms, arms, ammunition, accouterments, and prizes, imported by and for the use of
Her Majesty's land or sea forces or of the colonial militia or any volxmteer force or
rifle association sanctioned by the governor.
Wines, spirituous liquors and stores, imported by and for the use of the governor.
2. The provisions of Ordinance No. 16 of the year 1854, which relate to the ware-
housing of goods, shall not be applicable to gunpowder imported during the continuance
of this ordinance; and the duty on all su(£ gunpowder shall be paid immediately on
importation.
3. For the purpose of encouraging the trade of the colony with other countries, parties
exporting goods, wares, and merchandise on which duties shall have been paid under and
by virtue or this ordinance, or any other ordinance, shall be entitled to a drawback of
duties on such goods, wares, and merchandise at and after the rates and amounts levied
and paid on such goods ; and the mode, manner, and time of claiming such drawback
shall be subject to the provisions of Ordinance No. 16 of the year 1854, and every other
'ordinance that may be hereafter passed by the governor with the advice and consent of
the court of policy, regulating dn^wbocks: Provided always^ That no drawback shall be
allowed on any wine or spirituous liquor or gunpowder which shall be exported from the
colony at any time during the continuance of this ordinance.
4. There shall be raised, levied, and collected upon every vessel other than the vessels
hereinafter excepted entering at the custom-house at any of the ports of British Guiana
a tonnage duly calculated according to the following rates, that is to say : On a vessel of
seventy tons and upwards the sum of fifteen cents per ton ; on a vessel under seventy
tons the sum of five cents per ton, not to be collected more than four times in any one
year. And where in either case the tonnage of such vessel is not a whole number of tons,
the tonnags of such vessel for the purposes of this section shall be deemed the whole
number nearest the actn^ number of tons.
The following vessels shall be exempted, that is to say :
488 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Vessels belonging to Her Majesty or belonging to or chartered by Her Mi^esty or Her
Bfi^Oesty's (^vemment or any foreign government recognized by Her Majesty.
Vessels employed on any work of public utility and which in the opini()n of his excellency
the governor ought to be exempt.
Vessels which in the opinion of the comptroller of customs are yachts and are not used
in any trade or business.
The royal mail steamers, the French mail steamers, and the Dutch mail steamers.
Vessels calling at any of the said ports and not breaking bulk: Provided^ That no officer
or seaman of the vessel is left in the colony or becomes an inmate of any of the colo-
nial hospitals or prisons before the vessel sails.
HAYTI.
HATTIAH TARIFF.
TBAN8LATED AND FORWARDED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE BY CONSUL^ENERAL
LANQSTON,
DUTIES ON IMPORTS.
Dati«8.
Absinthe:
12 ordinary bottles - - - — .$0 75
12 large bottles, or littles . 1 00
Acid:
Tartaric _. .per pound.- 12
Sulphuric per ordiiury bottle.. ^ 6
Aiglets:
Of fine gold each— 1 00
Of fine silver do 75
Of imitation gold and silver do 50
Of silk do 10
Of worsted, thread, or cotton per dozen.. 50
Awls:
Mounted per dozen.. 12
Not mounted per hundred.. 25
Almanacs:
Fine gilt-edged per dozen.. 37
For young children, with engravings do 50
For offices..' do 25
For pocket do 12
Alphabets:
Ordinary per hundred.. 50
With engravings , do 1 00
Almonds per hundredweight.. 1 00
Anchovies:
In cases holding 12 jars 30
In pots or small barrels per pot or barrel .. 15
Anchors of ships per hundredweight.. 50
Asses. She asses free of duty.
Anisado (distilled aniseed) per gallon.. 2S
Aniseed:
Green and star perpound.. 5
Ck)rdial, in baskets of two compartments per basket.. 40
Cordial, incases.. ...per 12 bottles.- 2 50
Arrow-root, powdered, fecula of potatoes per pound.. 3
Articles, prohibited (see Article 30 of the law).
Atlas:
Of hydrography or of geography, bound in skin each.. 25
Of hydrography or of geography, boarded ..do 12
Of hydrography or of geography, linen stitched do 2
Of geography do 25
Azure, powdered or in lump perpound.. 12
Anvils -.per hundredweight.. 50
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 489
Axletrees, of iron for carts. Free of duty.
Arm-chairs: •
Single, fine, with straw or wooden seats, gilt each..
Single, fine, of horsehair or morocco, gilt or not do
Single, of ordinory wood, with large tocks, gilt or not - do
Single, plain, common do
For sappers, with or without cases . each..
For carpenters, of every sort per dozen..
Almond cake (nougat) per pound..
Apples per barrel..
Argand lamps:
With seyeral branches each..
Ordinary ^-_. do
For tables, vrith glass globes ..do
For tables, with rim and shade of silk or gauze stufis do
Augers:
Assorted . per dozen..
For wimbles 1 per dozen augers..
For wimbles, small per dozen ^mall augers..
Assay balances each..
Bows, for violin per dozen..
Baths:
Of brass, large each..
Of brass, small do
Of brass, set in chairo, or half baths do
Of tin, large or small , ...do
Of tin, set in chairs or half baths do
Of wood, or large pails do
Brooms:
Of horse-hair and of straw per dozen..
(Hand brooms) ...do
Hand brooms of feathers do
Balustrades of iron per hundred pounds..
Bands:
Of muslin, cambric muslin, and book muslin, embroidered per ell..
Of muslin, cambric muslin, and book muslin of superior quality.. do
Of cambric, embroidered do
Of cambric of superior quality do
Of paper, for hats per dozen..
For letters do
Bass-viols, instruments of music each..
Basins:
Of brass _ per pound. .
Of pewter each..
Of earthenware or porcelain do
Bassoons, instruments of music do
Buildings in glass, ivory, or other rare material for ornaments do
Beaufort:
(Linen of), of 30 inches and under per ell..
(Linen of), above 30 inches (see article 24, third paragraph).
Beet-root:
In barrels •. per barrel..
In baskets per basket. .
Butter per hundred weight..
Butter-boats, of glass each..
Bidets:
Mounted with morocco each..
Ordinary, with backs do
Of tin, with syringe do
Of earthenware, single ..do
Beer:
In barrels per barrel of 60 gallons..
In half barrels per half barrel of 30 gallons..
In bottles per dozen bottles..
Billiards:
Of mahogany or rare wood each..
Of common wood do
il 00
1 00
75
50
25
1 00
6
40
2 00
50
1 25
50
25
25
12
75
1 00
2 00
1 50
100
1 00
75
50
1 00
50
1 00
1 50
6
12
8
IG
6
3
1 00
6
12
12
50
3 00
1 00
25
1 00
6
1 00
50
50
20
2 00
1 00
25
25 00
15 00
$1 50
3 00
75
37
75
1 50
75
10
3
1 50
1 50
50
50
2 00
75
25
50
8
6
3
1 50
20
50
1 00
490 TARIFFS OF TH£ SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
BiUiaid balls:
Per set of four balls »
(Pooh), the 24 balls
Biscuits:
White--- perhundiedweight..
Ordinary — do
Small do
' Bitters:
In bottles.^. perdozen.-
In half bottles - -— do
Bine, Prussian* per pound..
Bowls, of glMB, of every dimension, vrithout their capsules each..
Beef:
Salt per barrel.-
Smoked per hundredweight-.
Salted h la mode per pot or small cask
Boxes:
Of mathematical instruments, complete each..
Per set 1 the set..
For cards (for game of ** la Bdte") •
For tea, of tin each..
Of leather, for hats do
Ofperftimery, containing 6 pieces each box..
Of pasteboard, colored, withglassor mirror per dozen
Of pasteboard or wood, for pills, lozenges, and wafers do
For keeping silverware each
For barbers per dozen
For dressmakers ^ each
Musical do
Bombazine or mourning, of silk and wool, alpaca, or other material of like kind,
of 30 inches and under per ell.. 8
Bombazine:
Of pure wool or goat-hair, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 6
Of dimensions larger than those hereabove stated' (see Article 24, third
paragraph).
Bombs:
( Projectiles. ) Free of duty.
Of iron or of pinchbeck . each.. 25
Buckets -- per dozen.. 75
Boots:
With tops or plain, fine and common per pair.. 1 50
Common, large and medium size do 50
For soldiers do 25
Half- do 75
Half, for soldiers do 25
For women per dozen.. 2 50
Half, for women do 2 00
Buckles:
Of metal, other than gold or silver pergross.. 50
For ribbons of round hats do 60
For saddlery, assorted, not plated do 25
For saddlery, assorted, plated do 60
Bottles:
• Empty perhundr^.. 60
Covered with osier or skin, assorted per dozen.. 30
Buttons:
Of metal, impressed, for officers per gross.. 60
Of metal, impressed or ball shape, for soldiers do 18
Of metal, plain, flat, fine do 40
For trousers do 10
Of mother of pearl, agate, seige, or silk, large do 20
Of mother of pearl, agate, serge, or silk, small do 15
Of linen or glass do 10
Of bone or wood per package of 12 rows.- 10
For shirts or clothes, mounted on brass or gilded sOver per 12 pairs-. 50
• Thus modified by Uw of July 20, ISTO.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 491
Bracelets:
Ofsilkribbon perpair— $0 12
Of gold, silver, and gilt silver. (See Fine jewelry.)
Braces:
Fine, embroidered in silk, with gilt buckles or silver plated, .per dozen. .
paiis _ 1 00
Of cotton, linen, duck and India rubber, with iron buckles; pewter or '
polished brass _ per dozen pairs.. 30
Fine, with metal buckles, and of divers material per dozen. - 75
Of cotton, ordinary, with iron buckles do 12
For guns, in leather do 0
Bridles:
Mounted with plated bits each.. 1 50
Fine, without plated bits per dozen bridles.. 6 00
Ordinary, without plated bits do 6 00
Bricks , per thousand.. 50
Brushes:
Fine, for clothes . per dozen.. 60
Ordinary, for shoes do 25
Tooth do 20
Hair..* do 50
Basts:
Of plaster, above 24 inches in hight — each.. 50
Of plaster, of 12 to 24 inches in height do 1 25
Of plaster, below 12 inches jn height per dozen.. 1 00
Bandboxes do 50
Boilers:
Of copper, for manufactories per hundred- weight. . 3 00
Of iron or pinchbeck, of all shapes and sizes* do 50
For sugar, of iron or pinchbeck. Free of duty.
Bedstead keys, of iron.. per dozen.. 50
Blacking:
For leather, shoes, &c., in sticks or pots per dozen.. 50
For leather, shoes, Ac. , liquid, in flasks per 12 flasks. . 10
For leather, shoes, in bulls per dozen.. 10
For leather, shoes, in small flasks do 20
Bells:
Of brass per hundred- weight.. 5 00
Of casting-. - do 4 00
Small per dozen.. 50
Bed-posts:
Of fine wood, carved or grooved per4posts.- 4 00
Of ms^ogany, or yellow wood, turned, plain do 3 00
Bills of hiding per thousand.. 2 00
Blankets :
Of cotton, mixed with silk, with or without fringe each.. $1 00
Of cotton flock, very common do 25
Of cotton, quilted and worked, fine do 75
Of cotton, quilted and worked, ordinary _ do 50
Of wool - 1 do 25
Of thread, chintz, flne do 30
Of thread, chintz, common and narrow per dozen.. 40
Breeches - ...perdozen.. 4 00
Bcandy :
In pipes or casks of at least 60 gallons per gallon.. 50
Incases * per case of 12 bottles.. 1 00
Incases per case of 12 liters.. 1 50
In jugs or jars of J pints perdozen.. 1 50
Of Andaye, per case of 12 bottles percase.. 1 00
Prepared for the making up of hats per gallon.. 4
Bark, powdered for tanning leather perbarrel.. 25
Boot-stretchers -. per pair.. 50
Block tin — per hundred-weight.. 3 00
Bolting-doth :
Wide per ell.. 4
Narrow do 2
*Tbu8 modified by the law of July 20, 1899.
492 TARIFIS OF THE 8EVEKAL COUNTRIES.
Beans in barrels ' per barrel.. $0 40
Bed bottoms, of wood, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Bells:
Of gilded copper or silver-plated per gross.. 40
Of pure copper do 20
Baoon per pound.. 2
Bedsteads:
With pillars, of mabogany, plain each.. 6 00
With pillars, carved or grooved, with oomioes do 8 00
Of oak, plain ...do 4 00
Of pine wood — do 3 00
Of iron do 3 00
Books:
Bound, edges gUted or not, with or without engravings:
Each volume in folio 20
Each volume in quarto 15
Each volume in octavo 8
Each volume in 12 * 5
Each volume in 16 3
Each volume in 18 1
In boards or stitched, half price, according to size.
Classical, that is to say, grammars and dictionaries of dead and living lan-
guages, the Greek and Latin authors, books of arithmetic, geometiy,
algebra, and elementary geography, when in boards or stitched. Free of
duty.
Small or pocket memorandum books, plain \ per dozen.. 30
Small or pocket memorandum books, fine, with tablets do 40
Small gilded or pocket memorandum books, with gilt leaves do 40
Black lead — perpound.. 8
Bits:
For bridles, plated * per dozen.. 3 00
For bridles, ordinary do 2 60
For bridles, common do 2 00
Book-muslin, in pieces, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 5
Baskets:
Of osier, large per dozen.. 2 00
Of osier, small do 75
Of porcelain, for fruits per pair.. 50
Barbers' brushes per dozen.. 40
Buckwheat per barrel.. 50
Bouquet-stands each.. 5
Bottle-stands :
Silver-plated *. each.. 8
Not silver-plated... per dozen.. 40
Billiard-cues do 8 00
Billiard-cloths each.. 4 00
Buckets:
Of wood or leather... each.. $0 12
Ot whiteor colored glass, fortables per dozen.. 30
Bird-oigans ^ each.. 1 50
Bran. per barrel.. 30
Bellows:
For blacksmiths .* .each.. 1 00
For butchers do 1 00
For kitchens do 1 00
Bass-drums: t
Of copper .each.. 40
Of wood .do 20
Boot legs per pair.. 40
Bootjack per dozen.. 40
Bolsters:
Of feathers. Prohibited.
Of straw per dozen.. 60
Backgammon-boards, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Bolts .. per dozen.. 30
Bone-black perhundrcKl pounds.. 75
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 493
Boards:
Pitch pine perM.-
Piue do
Oak do
Bear-skins each..
Buffalo-skins . per dozen. .
Blonderbnsses : each.-
Ba^, of osnabarg, and other bagging per hundred..
Bullion gimp and flat lace of fine gold each..
Bullion gimp and flat lace of fine Slver do
Bullion gimp and fiat laoe, imitation do
Brin:
(Linen manafactnred in Champagne) of 7-8 and 3-4 ...per ell..
Of large width do
Bnrat (common woolen stuff) of 30 inches and under ..do
Chitterlings (force meat balls) per hundred- weight..
Cupboards:
Of mahogany or tancy wood . each..
Of otUc or common wood.- do
Chums do
Casks, empty, of sixty gallons - do
Cambric:
White linen, by the piece or roll of 30 inches and under per ell..
Sune, above 30 inches. (See Article 24, third paragraph.)
Cotton, of 30 inches and under — do
Unbleached linen, of 30 inches and under do
Cross-belts:
Of buff per dozen..
Of patent leather do.. .
Betagged or embroidered ..each..
Cradles:
Of osier, for children do
Of mahogany do
Cans, of tin (soldjers) per dozen..
CaDd[le8 per pound..
Candies:
In paste, of every sort ^ do
Of sugar, crystallized or not do
Caps:
Of lace, for women perdosen..
Of embroidered muslin, forwomen do 1
Of wool or cotton do
Of ordinary stuff, for soldiers and others - do 1
Of leather do
For children, of lace, tulle, or other rich material do
For children, of muslin, or Victoria lawn, embroidered do
Corks:
Assorted per thousand..
Fossil, lined per hundred..
Candlesticks:
Plated, of every dimension, vnthout their shade per pair..
Plain, and those of brass, without their shade do
Of glass, without their shade each..
Cannon-balls of any caliber. Free of duty.
Compasses of every sort, other than those of ships, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Coal-tar, wet and dry per barrel..
Cruets, of crystal per pair..
Cable chains, for ships per hundred-weight..
Coffee-pots:
Of silver per marc (8 ounces French weight)
Of silver, plated each..
Of tin, composed of one or more pieces •. do
Of tin, ordinary per dozen..
Of china, mounted on iron stoves, sumamed "^ la Dubelloy each..
Of china, simple ...do
Gages, assorted - per dozen..
12 50
1 75
3 50
50
12 00
1 00
2 50
30
20
25
2
4
5
2 00
10 00
3 00
25
4
10
6
8
2 00
2 50
4 00
25
1 00
50
5
4
5
2 00
1 00
25
1 00
1 00
2 00
1 00
25
40
0 50
12
25
50
25
1 00
1 50
30
26
80
75
6
2 00
494 TARIFFS OF THE SEVESAL COUNTRIES.
Copy-books:
Methods or miisic books, bonnd in skin or moroooo, gQded or Dot..eMli.. |0 25
Same as above, boarded or stitched do 15
Cases, for gin, with the 12 empty flasks do 20
Chalices, silver pUited . do 50
Cinnamon per pound.. 4
Cannons, of brass, iron, or cast iron. Free of dnty.
Caparisons:
Of fine material, richly embroidered in gold each.. 4 00
Of fine material, richly embroidered in silver do 2 50
Of silk, plain or embroidered, colored do 1 25
Of cotton, plain or embroidered, colored . do 30
Cloaks:
Of beaver, for ladies, of every qnality ..per docen.. 8 00
Of beaver, for children, of every qnality do 3 00
Capers — - per 12 pots.. 20
Capsules, for jars per dozen.. 25
Carrots in banels per barrel.. 60
Cart-board, cut for hats per dooen.. 60
Cartoons, for offices — do 1 00
Charts:
Marine or geographical, detached, mounted on linen, varnished, over 48
inches in width . 25
Same as above, under 48 inches in width 12
Cassocks, for husbandmen perdosen.. 50
Caps:
Of doth, with lace orplaits, richly embroidered ornot, for men do 3 00
Plain ordinary , or of leather, for men do 1 50
Rich, for children do 2 00
Ordinary and common, for children do 50
Chains:
For surveyors each.. 60
Of iron, other than for cables per pound.. 2
Safety, of gilt brass, for watches per dozen.. 50
Safety, of steel, for watches do 25
Small, of brass do 10
Chairs:
With or without arm-chairs, of painted or varnished wood, gilt or not,
wooden, cane, or fine straw bottoms per dozen.. 4 00
And arm-chaii8 of various wood, provided and covered vrith horse-hair,
or morocco — per dozen.. 8 00
And rockers, pierced do 5 00
Ordinary, with straw or wooden bottoms do 1 75
Small, for children, with steps, fine... do 2 50
Small, for children, with steps, ordinary do 1 20
And arm-chairs for children, fine do 2 50
And arm-chairs for children, pierced, fine do 1 25
And arm-chairs for children, pierced, ordinaiy do 75
Candlesticks:
Of silver of every form and size ---- per marc.. 1 50
With several branches of gilt brass, or silver-plated per pair. . 1 00
Simple, of gilt, brass, or silver-plated, 10 inches and above in size.do 60
Same as above, below 10 inches in size do 25
Of pure copper, of every form and size. do 12
Of crystal ...do 50
Of glass do 30
Of tin... _ .per dozen.. 1 00
Plain, of gilded copper, or silver-plated, from 6 to 10 inches .. .per poar.. 25
Same as above, under 10 inches -. do 12
Chaplets:
Ofwood per gross.. 20
Of cocoanut wood .... per dozen.. 6
Of glass do 10
Coal:
In hogsheads per hogshead.. 1 00
Inbanrels per barrel.. 20
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 495
Carta:
Not mounted, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Chocolate per pound.. $0 20
Chemises:
For women, of camhric or fine linen, embroidered each. . 1 00
For women, of cambric, or fine linen, plain do 75
For women, of cambric, or mnslin, embroidered or plain do 50
Cherry cordial ..per dozen bottles.. 1 00
Do.inliterB _ perdozen.. 150
Ciborinms, of brans, coated with silver, or plated each.. 1 00
Cider:
In barrels per barrel of 60 gallons.. 2 00
In hogsheads ...per hogshead.. 1 00
In bottles per dozen.. 25
Cement:
In hogsheads per hogshead.. 1 00
In barrels per barrel.. 25
Clarinets:
With silver keys each.. 2 75
With brass keys ^^ do 1 00
Cockades:
Assorted, of silk do 10
Of varnished leather per hundred.. 10
Caskets each.. 4 00
Coat-collars:
With ornaments and coat of arms, embroidered for generals or high offi-
cials each trimming.. 2 00
Same as above, embroidep^lpUi doth or velvet, for health officers or admin-
istrators each trimming.. 1 00
Collars:
Forshirts per dozen.. 60
Of every quality do 1 00
Compasses:*
For ships • .- each.. 50
Of iron or brass, for carpenters perdozen.. 40
For shoemakers do 75
Of crystal perpair.. 75
Of glass do 37
Consoles, of iron, for bedsteads, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Cordage, assorted ^ ...per hundred-weight.. 1 50
Cotton-twist:
For dresses. - per pound.. 10
Of thread for shakos -- -^ per dozen.. 75
Or twist of wool for shakos per 12 ells.. 3
Corsets, for women per dozen.. 2 00
Cosmoramas, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
♦Cotton:
Gray and white, named Madapolam —
Under 24 inches per ell.. . 1
Of24 to 30 inches... do 1}
Over 30 to 36 inches do 2
Over 36 to 42 inches _ do 2i
Of 42 to 50 inches do 3
Of 50 to 00 inches do 03}
Gray and white, fine linen cotton of 30 inches and under do 4
Common, of 30 inches and under do 3
Cushions, of hide each.. 25
Covers:
For holsters, of tiger or bear skin, without lace do 50
Of brass wire or composition, lor dishes perdozen.. 50
Crape:
Wide per ell-. 6
Narrow, for mourning do 4
Crucibles perset.. 26
Crystal, other than that denominated, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
*Thua modified by the law of July 20, 1889.
496 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Croeses or crucifixes of brass:
Small - per hundred..
Large do
Cruppers ._ per dozen..
Copper per hundred weight..
Cylinders:
Of glass, for clocks with flowers each..
Of iron, or rollers for mills per hundred weight..
Small, for saints per dozen..
Cloth:
Fine, ordinary, of 4-4 and over per ell..
Common, over 4-4 wide do
Common, 4-4 and under do
Of serge, or wool and silk, and colored material for vests do
Canopies, or masonic thrones, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Currycombs per dozen..
Cases:
For dressmakers, in mother-of-jiearl or ivory do
Of mathematical instruments each
Of wood or bone per dozen..
Of paper per hundred..
Of pasteboard, vrith empty flasks for holding marking-in]LB...doz. cases..
Crockery:
Per crate of from 1 to 3 feet in length by 1 to 3 wide each..
Per crate of from 3 to 5 feet in length by 1 to 3 wide ..do..
Per crate above the dimensions here above, see article 24, third para-
graph.
In hogsheads or in tierces each..
Cart-whips per dozen-
Cheese of every quality : per pound..
Casks - ..each..
Cartridge-boxes:
For officers, with cross-belts of gold or silver lace do
With cross-belts of embroidered morocco ...1 do
With cross-belts of embroidered morocco or plain do
With cross-belts of plain or varnished leather do
For troops, with cross-belts of buffiUo per dozen..
Cloves per pound-.
Curb-chains, for bridles per dozen..
Canary-bird seed i .— per 100 pounds..
Cherry brandy and ratafia _ per 12 bottles..
Do : per 12 half bottles-.
Do in liters, per dozen..
Clocks:
Of wood, for ante-rooms or kitchens, with chains and weights each . . 60
For houses, churches, &&, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Castor-oil:
Clarified _ - per bottle.. 16
Clarified pergallon.. 64
Clasp-knives:
With several blades, fine per dozen.. 60
With one blade, fine -. do 16
With one blade, common do 8
Counters, 20 per cent, ad vidorem.
Chin-straps:
For helmets or shakos of officers, detached per pair.. 8
For helmets or shakos of troops per dozen pairs. . 30
Codfish tongues, in small barrels or in jars each-. 12
Cork, inleaf- per thousand.. 3 00
Chandeliers, with rings or crystals, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Carcel lamps of every quality .- each.. 2 00
Chestnuts per barrel.. 75
Codfish, dried salt codfish and haddock per hundred-weight. . 40
Combs:
Of gilt brass, mounted with imitation stones per dozen.. 7 00
Of tortoise shell, for ladies do 4 00
Of horn, for ladies —do 1 00
>0 25
50
2 00
1 00
50
50
50
60
30
18
16
30
30
50
8
25
25
2 00
4 00
5 00
4 00
2
25
1 50
75
40
20
2 00
9
18
1 00
1 00
50
1 50
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 497
Cotton plnsh, fbr hats perell.. 10 06
Cambric-miisliii :
Fine and ordinanr, of 30 inches and under do 6
Very common, of 30 inches and under . do 4
Camlet, of 30 inches and under . do 5
Caps, for drain-pipes of sailing vessels . per gross.. 40
Clothes-racks:
Of wood. each.. 10
Of iron or copper do 16
Cruets of wood or pcunted tin, without decanters ;..do 15
Canopies of brass, 20 percent, ad valorem.
Copying-presses each.. 1 00
Chafing-dishes:
Of earthenware, with iron hoops do 15
Of iron do 25
Curtains:
Of silk per dozen.. 2 00
Of muslin do 1 00
Cocks:
Of brass for large pieces, fi)r (arge pans, casks per pound.. 3
Of lead for large pieces, for large pans, casks do 2
Carriage wheels and those of carts or wagons per pair.. 2 00
Casters:
Of brass per dozen.. 40
Of iron do 25
Cavalry-swords for troops. Free of duty.
Carpets for rooms or parlors each.. 7 00
Carpenters' hatchets per dozen.. 1 00
Corkscrewb do 40
Cotton-velvet percll.. 8
Carriages:
CMches and calashes each.. 10 00
Gigs and quitteriness do 5 00
Pleasure carts and tilburys do 5 00
For children, with springs do 50
Cowhide whips per dozen.. 25
Clapboards.. per thousand.. 75
Cow-skins, of various sorts each.. 64
Calf-skins:
Varnished for covering holsters per dozen.. 3 00
Glazed do 2 00
Cache-peignes, or garniture of combs, with imitation stones each. . 75
Cushions, small, for portemanteaus per dozen.. 2 00
♦Creas:
Morlaix of thread, and thread and cotton, under 26 inches per ell . . 3
Morlaix of thread, and thread and cotton, of 26 inches and over do 4
Morlaix of pure cotton, under 26 inches do 2
Morlaix of cotton, of 26 to 32 inches do 2}
Calanderie, real, of 30 inches and under do 12
Calemande:
Double, of 30 inches and under do 12
Single, of 30 inches and under do 6
Calenkart (painted cloth of India) of 30 inches and under do 6
Canevettes, of ordinary size, provided with decanters, gilt or not gilt,
empty , each.. 1 00
Cannigues, of marble per hundred.. 25
Combourg, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 3
Couleuvres:
Of copper, without alambics per hundred-weight.. 3 00
Of pewter, without alambics do 2 00
Croudes:
White, assorted, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 3
Gray, assorted, of 30 inches and under do 9
Carnation (cotton) per pound-^ 20
•Thus modified by the law of July ao, 1809.
1784 CONG— A P 32
498 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Carpet-flacks and traveling-bagB:
Of rich material each.. $0 75
Of common material do 25
*Cambray, real or cambrafliiie, of 30 IncheB and onder per ell.. 03
♦Cigars _ per hundred.. 1 00
'Cigar-cases of every sort — per dozen.. 25
Cigar-holders do 20
Dimity:
Ribbed, figured, fine, of 24 inches or under per ell.. 6
Ribbed, figured, ordinary, of 24 inches or under do 4
Ribbed, figured, ordinary, and narrow do 3
Colored, with stripes, 34 inches in width do 5
Colored, narrow, under 24 inches — do 3
Desks:
Writing, of mahogany or choice wood each.. 8 00
Writing, of oak or common wood do 4 00
.Drawers: /
Woolen .._ — — each.. 25
Cotton do 12
Decanters:
For oil or liquor stands, of fine glass per pair.. 12
For oil or liquor s^nds, of crystal do 25
Of crystal do 50
Of fine glass do 30
Of common glass do 20
Dice-boxes, of bone, leather, or wood each.. 50
Door fostenings, of iron, large . per dozen.. 75
Dreasing cases:
Of mother-of-pearl, with their contents, for ladies and gentlemen.. each.. 2 50
Rich, of mother-of-pearl, with their contents do 6 00
Of mahogany or rare wood . do 1 50
Doll^ and all children toys, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Dolls, fine, and all children toys, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Made up, of every sort and for every age - each.. 3 00
In patterns of lace and lawn, firom 5 to 10 ells do 2 00
In patterns of muslin, from 5 to 10 ells do 1 00
Dutch ovens of tin, with ^irits and dripping pans each.. 1 00
tDrill:
Fine and duck, of thread or thread and cotton (union), of 30 inches and
under 7
Ordinary, of thread or cotton, of 30 inches and under per ell. . 6
Common, of thread or cotton, of 30 inches and under do 4
Of pure cotton, fine, of 30 inches and under do 4
Of cotton, ordinary, of 30 inches and under do 3
Blue, of cotton, called denims, of 22 inches and under do 2
Blue, of cotton, called denims, of 22 to 30 inches do 2)
Blue, of cotton, called denims, over 30 to 36 inches do 3
Of thread, or thread and cotton, fix>m 4 to f wide do 9
Of thread, or thread and cotton, under J wide ._' do 5
Of pure cotton of 4 to } wide do 4
Of pure cotton under J wide do 4
Demijohns:
Empty, small, from 1 to 3 gallons each.. 4
Empty, over 3 gallons _ - do 6
Filled with vegetables 1 do 25
Draught-boards, plated:
Of ivory or ebony do 2 00
Of ordinary wood _ do 25
Ordinary, small, of 1 foot square and under do 10
Dice per dozen.- 50
Dolmans, assorted, with gold or silver lace each.. 10 00
Dominoes (game of) do 10
Drums for children __ .j per dozen 60
*ModiAed by law of October 6, 1881 : to take effect January 1, 1882.
fThus modified by the law of July 20, 1859.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 499
Damasks, cotton cloth:
Under | per ell |0 06
AboYe I (see article 24, third paragraph). •
Beer-skins or chamois skins each.. 30
DMr^s for dresses, of 30 inches and nnder., perell.. 5
Digdales, empty each.. 2
£an de Cologne:
Per 12 bottles. - 12
In large sqnare flasks per docen.. 25
In half-bottles do 40
Eschalots - . perbonch.. 5
Envelopes per hundred-. 12
Epaulets:
Of fine gold for snperior officers perp9ir.. 2 00
Of fine silver for saperior officers do 1 50
Of imitation gold or silver for snperior officers do 1 50
Of fine gold for inferior officers 1 50
Offii&esilver for inferior officers ^ 1 25
Of imitation gold or silver for inferior officers .' do 1 00
Silks per dozen.. 1 25
Of thread, wool, or cotton . do 75
Essence:
Of clove, vanilla, and like sort per bottle.. 00
Ofperfomes, in small crystal vials each.. 10
Of soap, in small vials - per dozen.. 50
Engravings, other than those prohibited (20 per cent, ad valorem).
Enters, for offices and counting-rooms per dozen.. 50
EhgrovingB, small and common, without jEhimes, other than those prohibited,
per dooen 12
Eye-glasses:
Mounted in gold each.. 30
Mounted in Mlver — — do 20
Mounted in tortoise shell perdoaen.. 90
Mounted in ^It, brass, or silver-plated do 75
Mounted in iron do 30
Earthenware - per dozen pieces.. 12
Earthen molds, for sugar each— 4
Elastic bands, for arm sleeves of doth, ad valorem.
Estoupilles, of every quality perell.. 6
Frames, gilt or not, of evevy dimension, for pictures or minors, 20 per cent, ad
valorem.
Fruits (of Chamberry) per barrel.. 50
Framework, not mounted, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Ferrules:
Osst, gilt, or silver plated :. per pair.. 6
Cast, ordinary, and common do 3
Funnels:
Of copper - each.. 15^
Of tin - do 6
Fans:
Fine, of silk stuffy spangled, or of ivoiy detailed, moulited on ivoiy 2 00
Ordinary, of common stuff, or of spangled paper, mounted on fine
wood per dozen.- 75
Common, of painted pc^r, not spangled, mounted on common wood, or on
bone per dozen.. 12
♦Flour:
Com per barrel.. 1 00
Wheat do 1 00
Rye do 1 00
Festoons, embroidered of muslin perell— 3
Fifes:
Mounted with silver each.. 30
Ordinary per dozen.. 60
Flageolets do 25
Figs, in small barrels, cases, or baskets... each.. 25
• Thus modified by the law of July 20, 1850.
500 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Fleams, for bleediog lioises:
With several blades each..
Single » . per dozen..
Flannel, of 30 inches and under per ell__
Foils, mounted or not the 12 foils..
Flowers:
Artificial, in bouquets, with porcelain pots and covers each pot..
Same, with porcelain pots, and without covers per pot
Same, in cases of 12 bouquets per case..
Same, in bouquets u each bouquet- .
Same, spangled, in garlands each garland..
Flutes:
With 6 to 8 keys each flute..
Ordinary per dozen..
Fountains, of tin or earthenware each..
Fringe:
OfsUk per ell..
Of imitation lace do
Ofeotton do
Of imitation gold or silver do
Of gold or silver do
Flax-seed per hundred pounds..
Fish-hooks, assorted ..per M..
Fishing-lines, with floaters per pound.-
Fruits:
Dried, of every quality . per pound..
In brandy per 12 bottles..
Preserved in vinegar do
Imitation, in marble per dozen..
In brandy, in glass bowls each..
Fowling-pieces:
Fine silver-plated, or not, double-barreled, with or without case each..
Same, single-barreled, with or without case do
Same, ordinary double-barreled do
Same, ordinary single-barreled l-.do
Files assorted per dozen..
Fine combs:
Of tortise shell, small - — do
Of horn, divers, common do
Feathers, of all colors, for hats, three feathers to the set per dozen sets..
Frying-pans, and earthen sauce-pans, for kitchens per dozen..
Fish-kettles:
Of brass per pound..
Of tin - each..
Flowerpots, of porcelain — per pair..
Frock coats:
Of flue cloth-- each..
Of ordinary cloths and various stufb do
Foot- stools per dozen..
Flat bolts:
Of brass per dozen..
Of iron do
Frills, of lace, thread, or silk, cambric, embroidered, &c per dozen..
Filtering stones each..
Fluting-irons per dozen..
Garlic, per bunch, or in bulk per hundred weight..
Grosfort, of 30 inches and under per ell..
Glove-openers . per dozen..
Grooving-planes . per dozen pairs..
Game-b^ .per dozen..
*Glue per pound..
Geese-legs per pot..
Gauges or areometers ...each..
€k)ld lace:
Fine, over 18 lines per ell— 1 60
*ThuB modified by the law of July 20,1860.
$0 12
30
&
75
2 00
1 00
3 00
30
60
1 50
3 00
30
6
3
2
10
20
1 00
50
4
2
50
30
15
50
6 00
3 50
1 50
1 00
30
50
25
75
1 50
10
20
50
3 00
2 50
1 50
1 00
50
3 00
75
1 25
2 00
3
1 00
1 00
2 00
4
60
15
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 501
Cold lace — Continaed.
Fine, over 12 to 18 lines per ell— $0 80
Fine, under 12 lines do 40
Gloves:
Of skin, for men _ per dozen.. 1 50
Of skin, ordinary, for men and women do 1 00
Of fine kid, for women, long for arms do 1 75
Of silk, fbrmen and women . ..do 50
Of wool, thread, or cotton do 40
For women, lined do 1 25
Ganze:
Of silk and thread, with ^old or silver, for dresses per ell.. 20
Of silk, plain, for dresses do 10
Of cotton, of 30 inches and under do 6
Gin:
In casks of 60 gallons or less per gallon.. 25
In cases holding 12 flasks per case.. 76
In jugs or jars of a pint and a half per dozen jugs or jars.. 75
In jugs or jars of a pint per dozen.. 50
Globes or geographical spheres each.. 50
Globes for parlors:
Hung on chains 1 do 2 00
Without mountings do 1 00
Gum-lac, gum-arabic, &c., 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Gouges, assorted, for carpenters per dozen 30
Garden seed, free of duty.
Gazoflenes, or apparatus for making gaseous waters each.. 1 00
Grapnometers:
With passes or spy-glasses , do 1 00
jingle alidades do 75
Grenades (projectiles), free of duty.
Grates, for kitchens perdozen.. 1 00
Gaiters:
White or colored... do 50
Of cloth do 1 00
Ginghams:
From 20 to 25 inches - per ell.. 2
From 25 to 30 inches do 3
From 30 to 35 inches - do— .. 4
From 35 to 40 inches and under do 6
Of ladia, real, light, colored, common, of 30 inches and under do 3
Guitars... - each.. 1 00
Garments:
Of fine doth, plain, ready made do 3 00
Ordinary cloth do 2 50
Of divers cloth for children do 2 00
Embroidered in fine gold do - 6 00
Of fine cloth embroidered in fine silver do 3 00
Of divers cloth, cut and not sewn do - 2 50
Ready made, for children do 1 00
Gorgets do 25
Garters of skin, or divers stufb per dozen pairs.. 50
Grindstones, assorted each.. 25
Glass dishes ^ perdozen.. 75
Goose-qnUlB, writing, and tooth-picks ^ per thousand.. 30
Gunpowder.. ..per pound.. 6
Girths:
Made np each.. 25
In piece per ell.. 3
CJamets:
Imitation (see Glass necklaces).
Fine, of every quality, per string of 12 rows the string.. 1 00
Glasses or goblets of crystal :
Cut, with stand, cover, or case each.. * 25
Blown, withstand, cover, or case do 25
Cut, without stand, witii cover ...do 25
Blown, without stand, with cover '. -.do 26
Note. — Same as above, without cases or covers, shall pay like duties.
502 TARIFFS OF THE SBYERAL COUNTRIES.
t
Glasses or goblets, of fine glass:
Cat or engraved, withstand « ^..perdozen..
Cat or engraved, withont stand do
Glasses or goblets, or fine glass:
Blown or molded, with stand - do
Blown or molded, without stand do
Cat, engraved, or blown, with or withont stands, with cases or covers,
large each —
Glass, same as above, medinm size do
^Glass:
For liqnor or dessert, of crystal, cat, with sta9d per dozen..
For liqnor or dessert, of crystal, cat, withoat stand do
For liquor (glass), blown, with or withoat stand do
For liqnor, crystal, blown, with stand do
For liqnor or dessert, of glass, cat, with or withoat stand do
For champagne, of crystal do
For champagne, of glass j_--do
Common, of every size do
For lamps - - -do
For watches per groes.-
For eye-glasses, ordinary or colored .do
For d^deliers, of glassor crystal, with ferrales per pair..
For chandelieiB, of glass, with ferrales « do
For chandeliers do
Glass covers:
Chiseled per pair..
Plain do
Gimlets, assorted jjer dozen..
Gnn-flints per thousand..
Goat-skins, glazed... . . per dozen..
Gold, burnt. Free of duty.
Galettes, of felt, ibr hats per thousand..
*Hooks and eyes of every sort per 12 small boxes of & to 42 pairs..
Holy-water basins, of metal per dozen..
Hats:
Of bearskin, for sappers each..
Of black silk, for men ..... per dozen..
Of black silk and cotton, for men do
Cocked, with silver or gold lace each..
Cocked, of silk, with plumes and plush, for superior offioen do
Cocked, with silk trimmingB and plush, ior inferiors ^ do
Turned up, fine ...per dozen..
Turned up, ordinary do
Turned up, woolen, for soldiers do
Round, fine, of felt or silk, for men or women do
Round, ordinaiy, of felt, silk, or cotton, for men or women do
Round, common, wool or cotton, for men or women do
Round, for adults, fine, felt or silk do
Round, for adults, ordinary, felt, silk, or cotton do
Round, for adults, common, wool or cotton . do
Round, straw, Panama or Maracaibo do
Round, straw, for children, fine, not trimmed do
Round, for children, ordinary do
Round, for children, of straw or osier ^ do
Round, for ladies, trimmed with feathers, flowers, or lace do
Round, for children, same as above .* do
Leghorn, fine, for men do .
Leghorn, fine, for children. do
Hat-boxes :..! ' per dozen..
Helmets:
Gilt or silver-plated, for officers.. each..
For soldiers per dozen..
Forsoldiers, ordinary, adorned each..
Hogsheads (see Casks).
Hogsheads, empty do 25
* Thus modified by the law of July 20, 1899.
10 75
50
0 50
50
25
12
25
15
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
2 50
1 50
1 50
50
25
1 50
50
25
25
^50
1 50
6
50
50
50
50
8 00
4 00
2 00
9 00
5 00
2 75
5 00
3 00
2 00
4 00
2 00
1 50
3 00
2 00
75
60
8 00
3 00
2 50
2 00
75
2 00
3 00
1 00
TABIFFS OF THE BEVERAL COUNTRIES. 503
Hinges:
Of brasB ^ per dozen.. |0 2S
Of iron do 12
Horses fstal lions). Free of duty.
Horses (geldings or cat). Free of dnty.
Hair (tuftsof) do 50
Hogs, live. Free of duty.
Hunting-horns (instruments) each.. 2 OO
Hinges:
Of iron, square, firom 2 to 6 inches per 12 pairs.. 40
Of iron, square, from 7 to 12 inches . do 76
Of iron, square, fiom 13 inches and over do 1 00
Of brass, square do 6^
Hunting-knives each.. 2 W
Horse-hair per pound.. 1
Hooks:
Of brass, under 6 inches per dozen.. 25
Of brass, of 6 to 12 inches do 76
Of iron, under 6 inches do 10
Of iron, ftx)m 6 to 12 inches do 40
Of brass, of 13 inches and above do 1 60
Of iron, of 13 inches and above do 60
For boots per pair.. 5
Hides, tanned per dozen.. 2 00
Hand-vises:
Large . per hundred-weight.. 50
Small, forjewelers per dozen.. 1 00
Horsehair stuflb for sofiis per ell.. 25
Hoiseshoes the 4 shoes.. 8
Hoop-iron .. per hundred-weij^t.. 75
Hoop-wood per thousand.. 1 50
Hooks:
Of copper for wardrobes per dozen.. 80
Of iron for wardrobes do 40
Hay 1 per We.. 30
Holsters:
Fine, with coven of bear or tiger skin, gold or silver lace, with plated or
cast ferrules... perpair.. 3 50
Fine, without covers, with plated fiurrules... do 1 50
Common, ordinary, without ferrules, with leather coverings do 1 25
Horsewhips:
Fine dozen.. 2 50
Common do 1 50
Hatchets, for roof ooverers do 73
ELammocks:
Of silk each.- 3 00
Of cotton, damasked and knitted do 1 OO
Plain do 50
Herrings:
Salted or in pickle . I per barrd.. 50
Smoked in one-fourth, one-eightii, or in boxes each.. 6
Harness for carriages and carts, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Harps »^ each.. 10 00
Herses (instruments of husbandry). Free of duty.
Hour-glasses : per dozen.. 75
Hoes do 25
Housing:
With gold lace each 5 OO
With silver lace do 3 OO
Ofsilkand thread, embroidered or not, colored do 1 50
Of cotton, plain and not embroidered, colored do 30
Hams per pound-. 2
Halters of leather, for horses each.. 25
Hammers, assorted . per dozen.. 40
Honey . per bottle.. 4
Howitzers (artillery). Free of duty.
Hinges and bands of oop^ per pound.. 8
504 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES
Hingeeand bands of iron, aasorted per 12paii8 $100
Hydrometers per dozen.. 30
Hoops for saddles:
Of gilt, copper, or silver-plated per foot.. 2
Of pure copper do 1
^andles of copper, glass, or crystal, for tables per dozen pairs.. 75
Hnnting powder per poond.. 12
Hydraalic presses. Freeofdnty.
Bat-racks, ad valorem.
Harmonicas (instruments of mnsic) each.. 25
Handles for awls per gross.. 60
Hones eadi.. 3
Hat-linings perdosen.. fi5
Hog-skins.. do 3 00
Horse-hides, glazed each.. 30
♦Handkerchiefs:
Of cotton... perdosen.. 30
Of real Madras. _ per pieceof Shandkerchieft.. 1 00
Of Paliacate and Masulipatam cambric, real do 1 00
'''^Madras, Paliacate, Masulipatam style per dozen.. 30
Of thread, various patterns, col'd or striped, f wldeand under do 75
Same as above, under } do 60
Of thread, fine, white, or i and above do 1 00
Of thread, common, white, of i and above.. do 60
♦Blue, called imitation Romal, thick do 15
*0f printed calico, narrow, common ". do 20
*0f organdy, white and colored do 37
*0f cotton, fine, for pocket... do 50
*0f muslin, ordinary cotton, narrow, white or colored do 20
. *0f fine muslin, white and colored do 60
*Ofordinaiy# muslin, white and colored do.... 50
^Of common muslin, white and colored do 30
Of cambric muslin, embroidered do 1 50
Of cambric, embroidered, of } and above do 6 00
Of cambric, embroidered, under} do 4 00
Of cambric, printed or festooned do 3 00
Of cambric, printed , without being festooned, for head- wear do 2 00
Of cambric, printed, for pocket — do 1 50
Of cambric, plain, in pieces of } and above do 2 00
Of cambric, plain, in pieces under | ^ do 1 50
Of silk, black, over J do 2 00
Of silk, black, under J do 1 00
Of silk, colored, for pocket do 2 00
Health-pills in boxes per box.. 8
Headsof stills without boilers per hundred-weight.. 3 00
Hand-saws assorted per dozen.. 2 00
Household twist, white and unbleached, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 3
Iron safes each.. 8 00
Isinglass • per pound.. 5
In^tands:
Of metal or porcelain each.. 6
Common... per dozen.. 40
Incense .» ' pound.. 2
Ink:
In powder or in small jugs per dozen— 20
In bottles or in large jugs... do 75
In half bottles or in half jugs do 37
Red, in small flasks do 12
For marking clothes per case.. 12
Iron:
In bars per hundred-weight.- 60
In blocks or plates .. do 50
Ironing-irons per dozen pairs.. 1 00
Imitation gold and silver lace:
Over 18 lines per ell.. 1 00
From 12 to 18 lines do— j. 50
Under 12 lines do 30
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 505
Iron railings for gates or balconies per hnndred- weight.. $3 00
*Indigo per pound-- 10
Images:
Assorted, other than those prohibited per hundred.. 50
Framed, small, same as above do 1 00
Under glass and cover, same as above do 50
Instruments :
Of surgery, 20 per cent, ad valorem
For military music the set.. 20 00
Ivory:
Objects of ivory not provided for, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Rough or elephant^s tusks per pound.- 06
Impermeable paper per ream.. 40
Ironmongery not foreseen, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
InkstancU empty, of every size ' per hundred.. 40
Jewelry:
Imitation, not foreseen, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Fine, not foreseen, 10 per cent, ad valorem.
Jugs per dozen.. 1 00
Jointing-planes do 25
Juniper-grain per pound. . 3
Jaconet, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 6
Jars, assorted each,-- 50
Jewsharps, of iron per gross.. 60
Jointing-planes:
With irons per dozen. .~ 1 50
Without irons j.do 1 00
Kids, live. Free of duty.
Kitchen utensils:
Ot brass per hundred-weight.. 12 00
Of sheet-iron or of wroughtriron do 100
Kettles:
Of brass .'.each.. 20
Of pinchbeck or tin do 8
Of iron or cast-iron per hundred- weight.. 75
Of tin or sheet-iron — do 1 12
Kerseymere,
CMTpure wool, twilled, over 4 quarters per ell.. 25
Of pure wool, twilled, under 4 quarters :. do 15
Of wool and cotton, twilled, above 4 quarters do 20
Of wool and cotton, twilled, under 4 quarters do 12
Key-bugles each.. 50
Knives:
Ordinary, for table, without forks per dozen.. 50
Ordinary, for table, with forks —do 1 00
For cutting indigo do 50
Fine, for table, with forks do 1 25
Fine, for table, without forks do 75
Common, for table, without forks , do 20
Of ivory, or bone, or paper ..do 25
Large, for belt, sfyled flemish (prohibited).
Lai^ for coopers perdozen.. 75
For fhrriers do 1 00
Kirsch-wasser:
In bottles do 1 00
In liters do 1 50
Lining for hats of shot silk do 50
Lead-pencils:
For offices, per packs of 12 pencils per 12 packs.. 40
Same as above, perpacks of 6 pencils do 20
For drawing purposes per gross.. 25
Leather straps for spurs per dozen.. 15
Lace:
Of thread or silk in pieces for dresses .— per ell.. 25
Of cotton other than that in pieces do 16
* Thus modified bv th« law of Jolv 20. 1809.
506 TAR19T8 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Laoe— Continaed.
Entie^eax, and in ribbons of silk thread, orer 4 inches wide ...per ell.. |0 06
Same, over 3 np to 4 inches wide do , 5
Same, of 1 to 3 inches do 3
Same, under 1 inch do 2
Entre-denx, in ribbons of cotton, firom 3 to 4 inches wide do 3
Same, over 4 inches — _ do 5
Same, from 1 to 3 inches do 2
Same, under 1 inch do 1
Of fine gold or silver, assorted — do 40
Of imitation gold or silver, assorted do 8
Lavender water, in half bottles each.. 4
Labels, divers.. perhondred.. 10
Lanterns:
Lai)i^ of varnished copper or silvea^plated... each.. 25
Small, of varnished copper or silver-plated do 12
Of tin, laige — do 18
Of tin, small do 8
Leaves of wood, for the making of hat boxes per dosen padcages.. 2 00
Looking-glasses, gilt or not, framed or not, of every dimension (other than
mirrors) per sqnaxe inch.. 1
Long cloth:
Bine, (tf 30 inches and nnder per ell.. 3
Red, of 30 inchesand nnder do 6
Of silk per dosen.. 8
Of thread orootton do^ 6
Lawn:
Fine, plain, or embroidered, of 30 inches and nnder per eU.. 15
Ordinary, plain, or embroidered, of 30 inches and nnder «. .do 10
Common, plain, or embroidered, of 30 indbesand nnder «.do 6
Of cotton or ganze, of 30 inches and nnder ..do 6
Liquors:
Of absinthe per case of 12 bottles.. 1 00
Of absinthe per case of 12 liters.. 1 60
Sweet, of every quality ..per 12 bottles.. 1 25
Sweet, of every quality per 12 liters.. 1 60
Sweet, of every quality, in badcets of 2 oompartanents per basket. . 40
Latches:
Of iron, with brass handles per dosen.. 75
Of iron, with iron handles do 25
Loto (game of) each.. 25
Lenses of glass for the eyes do 25
Lard, in leaf (bacon) perpound.. 2
*Lard ^ per hundredweight.. 1 00
Lamp-black per cornucopia.. 1
Lozenges, divers ^ perpound.. 6
Lead:
In bars do 2
In pigi each.. 1
Liquor stands and cruets:
Plated, fine, with crystal decanters each.. 2 25
With decanters and glasses do 1 00
Leeches. Free of duty.
Locks:
Of brass, over 6 inches in width each.. 15
Of brass, over 6 inches, assorted per dozen.. 1 50
Of iron, assorted for doors do 1 00
Of iron, for trunks and drawers do 25
Of iron, mounted on wood do 76
Leather aprons each.. 75
Linen:
Fine, ordinary, of thread, or union, for shirts of every make, of 30 inches
and under ^ per ell.. 8
Very common, same as above, of 30 inches and under — 1 do 5
* Thus modified by the law of July 20, 18B9.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 507
Linen — Continned.
Above the dimensions hereabove (see article 24, third paragraph], gray,
or brown Holland, fine, ordinary of every make, of 30 inches and
nnder perell.. |0 05
Gray, very common, of eveiy make, of 30 inches and nnder . .do 4
Gray, above the sizes hereabove (see article 24, third paragraph).
For ^eets of } to J per ell.. 7
For sheets above } up to f do 12
Forsheetsof } ..do 20
For sheets above } (see article 24, third paragraph).
Damask, white or colored, } in width do 12
Damask, above I (see article 24, third paragraph).
Damask, nnder | ...do 8
Dnck, of 30 inches and nnder _-do 4
Dnck, above 30 inches (see article 24, third paragraph).
Bagging, off width and nnder \ ....do 2
Bagging, above f (see article 24, third paragraph).
For napkins, of cotton, or of thread and cotton of 30 inches and nnder,
perell - 5
For napkins, same, over 30 indies (see article 24, ttdrd paragraph).
For table-cloths of cotton, or of thread and cotton, of 30 inches and
nnder. per ell. . 7
For table-cloths, same as above, over 30 inches (see article 24, third para-
graph).
^Matches, per gross, or 144 boxes 20
Money:
Coined. Freeofdnty.
Bnmed, or in ingots. Freer of dnty.
False, in leaf. „ thb 100 leaves.. 60
Memorandum books (see Books).
Mushrooms, dried i.perponnd.. 12
Masonic decorations, complete, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Molds:
For hate - .perdosen.. 2 00
For shoes, assorted per dozen pairs. . 3 00
For sugar each.. 4
Muskets, with or without bayonets. Free of duty.
Measures:
Gallons of copper each.. 40
Gallons of tin do 16
Mountings for coffins do 6 00
Mares. Free of dnty.
Mattocks of iron per dozen.. 40
Machines:
For pr^^Miring, piealing, and winnowing cotton, and others for saving hand-
labor, or for ameliorating the products of the ground. Free of duty.
For cutting corks, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Of glass, for making fire, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Madras:
Real, in pieces, for dresses, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 8
Imitation, in pieces, for dresses, of 30 inches and under do 4
Maize, shelled per barrel — 1 00
Mandolines each.. 1 00
Machetes: ^
With bone or wooden handles perdozen.. 30
Long, with or without hilts, with leather scabbards do 1 00
Mantles:
Of cloth, with gold or silver lace each.. 6 00
Of cloth, flue, plain do 2 50
Ordinary and common do 2 00
Mantillas:
Of silk, for ladies do.... 2 00
Of silk, for young girls do 1 25
Of lace andmuslin do 75
*Mac](erel... per barrel.. 50
«Thua modified by the law of July ao, ISOQ.
n 00
3 00
2 00
1 00
50
20
1 00
2 00
1 50
1 50
75
508 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Marble:
For chests of drawers, pier-tables, bureaus, or tables each..
For tombs, from 6 to 7 feet long, engraved do
For tombs, from 6 to 7 feet long, plain do
For tombs of children, from 3 to 4 feet long, engraved do
For tombs of children, from 3 to 4 feet long, plain do....
Masks:
Of wireganze, for fencing per pair..
For carnival, of pasteboard per dozen..
For carnival, of oil-cloth and wire gauze do
Mauls, of iron do
Mattresses, of horse-hair:
Large each..
Small do
Masts:
Small, called spars * each.. 40
Large, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Medals, of brass, for rosaries . , per hundred.. 25
Merino:
Small width-. per ell.. 8
Laige width do 15
Mirrors:
Of 2 by 3 inches, mounted in pasteboard or wooden leaves per dozen.. 4
Of 3 to 4 by^ to 7 inches, mounted in pasteboard or wooden leaves, .do 8
Of 4 to 7 by 7 to 12 inches, mounted in pasteboard, with or without draw-
ers per dozen.. 50
Of same dimensions, mounted in divers woods, with or without gilt, for
/ dressing tables _• perdozen.. 70
On pivot, or withdht drawers, mounted on wood of 6 inches and over in di-
ameter, by 10 to 15 inches in height per dozen.. 2 50
Same over 6 inches in width or diameter by 6 to 10 inches in hdght
each — - 25
Of 7 to 10 inches by 12 to 15 in height, frame or not, with or without gilt,
for dressing tables perdozen.. 1 50
Above dimensions hereabove given (see Looking-glasses.)
Mortars:
( Artillery. ) Free of duty.
Of marble, with or without pestles iper dozen.. 2 00
Of brass, with or without p^les . do 10
Of iron, with or without pestles do 4
Molds:
For bullets, of copper perdozen.. 1 50
For bullets, of iron do 75
For pastry, of copper do 50
Of tin -. do--.- 30
Mills:
Of iron; water or animal power. Free of duty.
For maize, cotton, or coffee. Free of duty.
For grinding peppeif'or coffee each.. 6
Tobacco do 1 00
Musquetons, for cavalry. Free of duty.
Muslin:
White or colored, plain or embroidered, of }, under muslinet, and muslin
dimity ;. per ell.. 5
White or colored, plain or embroidered, muslinet and muslin dimity, above
} up to J — - per ell-- 6
Divers, of wool do 8
Macamby per barrel.. 60
Malaguettes per pound.. 4
Mogues, of tin perdozen.. 25
Mouse-traps ^..do 25
Marsh-mallow (flowers of) ^- per pound.. 5
Morocco-skins:
Real , , perdozen.. 1 00
Imitation do 50
Molds, forms for sugar «*-»'-^ each.. 4
irobon, stuff mixS of silk and cotton, St 30 4hche6 and under per ell . . 8
TABIFF8 OP THE BEYERAL COUNTBIES. * 509
Mosquito-nets of eveiy sort.-. - each.. $2 00
Mustard:
In pots per dozen.. 1 00
In flasks ..do 50
Mustard-pots:
Of glass do 16
Of crystal do 60
Of metal ^ do 50
Mutton, salted per barrel.. 2 00
Mules, live. Free of duty.
Mats, for dishes _ . per dozen.. 50
Nuts. per barrel.. 76
Needles:
Fine, forsewing per M.. 10
For sail makers do 25
♦Nails:
Iron, assorted per hundredweight.. ^5
Brass, assorted do 4 00
Gilt or silver-plated per M.. 20
Necklaces:
Of coral 25
Of glass, divers - — 15
Of rockwork, baked earth, to embroider purses per pound.. 15
Neckties :
Of silk, under } per dozen.. 1 50
Of silk, of } and under do 1 00
Of cotton and muslin, embroidered do 80
Of cambric or cambric muslin, embroidered, in half neckerchiefs do 2 OO
Same, embroidered at two ends, in whole neckerchie& do 4 00
Neckerchieft, frills, lace tippets, &c do 4 00
Nutmegs.. _ per pound.. S
Nankeen:
Real and imitation, wide, white, yellow, and blue, in pieces or patterns of
from 4 to 6 ells per ten pieces or patterns.. 2 00
Real and imitation, narrow, in pieces or patterns of 4 to 7 ells... ..do 1 50
Napkins :
With table-cloths, white, damask striped per dozen.. 2 50
Same, without table-cloths do 1 50
With table-cloths, plain, striped of color do 1 00
Same, without table-cloths do - 75
With table-cloths, unbleached thread, striped of color ,do 75
Same, without table-doths do 50 *
Of cotton, wide, damask, with table-cloths . r do 1 00
Of cotton, damask, without table-doth^ do 75
*Of cotton, with colored stripes . do 40
*0f cotton, narrow, small, common do 20
Night lights :
Of glass - .- w each.. 10
Of porcelain do 15
Of metal do 8
*Nankinette8:
Of idl colors, with stripes or plain, for spring florentine, of 22 inches and
under per ell.. IJ
Of 22 to 26 inches , do 2
Of 26 to 30 inches ^.J do 2}
Of 30 to 36 inches do 3
Prom 36 to 42 inches ^ .* do 3}
Nansonte:
Under } wide ^ ^ do.... 5
Of i wide and above, up to |.... .... ., do 6
Cazs •• ..-. each.. 6
Oats:
In barrels ..... per barrel.. 30
In demyohns . per demyohn.. 12
•ThuB modified by the law of July 20, 1860.
•Thus modified by the law of July 20, 18B9. «
510 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Oxen, live. Free of duty.
Ox-heart8, in small barrels — per barrel.- |0 40
Oamabi^:
White, half white, and brabant, np to 30 inches... per ell.. 53
White, half white, and biabant, above 30. inches. (See article 24, third
paragraph.)
Gray, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 2
Gray, above 30 inches. (See article 24, third paragraph.)
Olive oil :
In casks - ...per gallon-. 20
In cans of 3 to 4 gallons . ...per can.. 75
Inhalfcans perhalfcan.. 37
In baskets of 12 bottles — per basket.. 50
In liters - per liter.. 75
In cases of 30 vials per case.. 60
In cases of 12 bottles do 20
Oils:
For lighting purposes _ per gallon.. 6
Linseed and turpentine — — do 12
Linseed and turpentine, in cans of 3 to 4 gallons per can.. 40
Of almond...' per bottle.. 12
Of almond per pound.. 10
Oysters, pickled, in small barrels or pots per barrel or pot.. 18
Opera glasses or eye-glasses, richly mounted each.. 1 00
C^ra-glasses, gilded or silver plated, brass, iron, tortoise^ell -do 40
Of wood or pasteboard do 15
Ochre, yellow or red per barrel.. 75
Onions:
In bunches .: per bunch.. 5
Inbulk per hundred-weight.- 1 00
Olives:
In flasks p€r 12 flasks.. 20
In small barrels per small barrel.. 30
In small pots ^. per small pot.. 8
Organs, 20 per cent, ad valorem. (See article 24, first paragraph.)
Organs, for churches. Free of duty. .
Ornaments:
For bridles, of pewter .per gross.. 06
For bridles, of gilt, bnss, or silver plated do 1 50
For churches (^ per cent, ad valorem).
For priests (20 per cent, ad valorem).
Overcoats:
Of cloth or kerseymere each.. 2 50
Of other stufib ^. do 1 50
Oil cloth:
Of 30 inches and under per ell.. 8
Above 30 inches. (See article 24, third paragraph.)
Pressing-irons, for hatters or tailors per dozen pairs.. 1 25
Piano-fortes:
Grand each.. 10 00
Square do 8 00
Pig-iron ...per hundred- weight.. 50
Printed calicoes:
(Chintz) red, blue, and others, wide, fix)m 26 inches in width up to 30, per
ell 4
(Chintz)narrow, of 26 inches and under perell.. 3
(Chintz) above 30 inches. (See article 24, third paragraph of the law,)
Petticoats :
Ready-made, plain each.. 1 00
Ready-made, embroidered do... 3 00
Pickled-tongues per barrel.. 75
Pillows and bolsters of feathers. Prohibited.
Palettes :
For painters, of ivory per dozen.. -' 20
For pcunters, of divers woods do 12
Parchment ----- per 12 leaves.. 75
.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIEa 511
Perfiimeiy :
Assorted, per tnmk 2 feet Ions and 1 wide. Assorted, per trunk above
these dimensions, (See article 24, third paragraph.)
Pastes:
Vermicelli, macaroni, &c... - per pound.. |0 03
Almonds, cocoa — - do 10
Paints of every quality > - do Oj
Pekin, of all colors, 30 inches and under.. per ell.. 8
Pearl ashes - per hundred- weight.. 76
Partridges, preserved per pot.. 28
Pearls:
Imitation per stock.. 50
Fine. (See Fine jewelry.)
Paint-brushes, assorted per dozen.. 50
Pipes, empty, of 100 to 120 gallons each.. 25
Pistols:
With hair-triggers or percussion, with their boxes and accessories, per
pair - u 9 00
Oidinary , with or without percussion, without boxes per pair. . 2 00
For cavalry. Free of duty.
Plates:
For shakos of troops, of brass per dozen.. 24
Forshakos of troox>8, gilded and silver-pKted do 50
For coffins, divers .- do 3 00
PlatUlas:
White, of everv quality over } wide, same tax as upon linen for shirts,
(See Linens.)
White, fine, of thread or union, } wide and under per ell.. 6
Ordinary and common, of thread or union J wide and under do 6
Gray, of every quality, 30 inches and under do 2
Plaster per barrel.. 25
Pack-saddles - ...each.. 25
Pine lumber per thousand.. 1 75
Paving stones (of Barsac), of every dimension apiece.. 5
Plumes:
Of fine feathers... — ...each.. 40
Of rooster's feathers do 25
Powder flasks:
Of brass, assorted per dozen.. 4 00
Of bone, assorted do 2 50
Pears, dried per basket.. 30
Peas, of every sort ...per barrel.. 25
Peas of Iris (issue peas) 3
Pepper, of all species 1 per pound.. 2
Polygraphs ...each.. 75
Pomatum:
In small pots and ordinary sticks per dozen.. 25
In large stone or tin pots per pound.. 2
In glass hollow pots perdozen.. 60
In i>otB, sticks, and in glasses, other than of the dimensions hereabove
given. (See article 24, third paragraph.)
Pommels perdozen pommels.. 12
Potatoes - per barrel-. 40
Potatoes, in small baskets each.. 5
Pumps:
Wooden, for vessels _ _ do 2 00
For fires. Free of duty.
With winches, for wells each.. 1 00
Hand, of copper, for distilleries • do 50
Hand, of tin, for distilleries.- do 37
Hand, of wood, for distilleries do 12
Porcelain, fine and common , per piece.. 3
Pencil holders:
Fine, of gold _ each.. 25
Fine, of silver ; do 16
Ordinary, of silver do 10
Of silver-plated brass do 4
Of pure brass perdozen.. 30
512 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Portfolios:
Large, styled ministerial - each-- $0 75
Pocket, large, of 6 inches, or more than 6 inches, with clasps ..per dozen.. 40
Same as above, nnder 6 inches, withVlasps .. do 20
Same as above, without clasps, assorted do 12
Penholders do 2S
Powder:
Face... - ..per 12 pounds.- 12
Litharge, gold, or silver per poond.. 4
Of St. Angeand Aillaux.. per box.- 12
Of Seidlitz and soda water -- per dozen boxes.. 6S
Of ginger do 60
Pulleys:
Single, of wood, assbrted per inch.. 1
Double, of wood, assorted do 2
Of brass.. _. .per pound.. 10
Presses:
For binding _• each.. 1 50
For stamping ...do 1 50
For compressing cloth, ad valorem. (See article 24, first paragraph. )
Printing-presses each.. 4 00
ProjectUes of artillery, or every sort, not denominated. Free- of duty.
Prunes and plumes perpound.. 2
Planes:
With irons per dozen 75
Without irons do 50
Pruning-knives . 40
Pictures:
In oil, with or without frames. Free of duty.
Engraved, colored or not, and sacred ones, of 3 to 4 by 3 to 6 inches, with gilt
frames -. each.. 14
Engraved, colored or not, and sacred ones, wiih gilt firames, from 6 to 8 by
6 to 12inche8 ^ _. each-. 28
Same,*^ and sacred ones, with gilt frames, from ^ to 11 by 13 to 15 inches,
each.. 50
Same, 12 to 12 by 16 to 24 inches each.. 75
Same, from 31 to 36 by 35 to 40 inches do 2 60
Same, fh)m 21 to 30 by 26 to 34 inches do 1 20
Same, of greater dimensions, 20 per cent, ad valorem. (See article 24, first
paragraph.)
NoTB. — Pictures, colored or not, and sacred ones, with frames not gilt,
within above dimensions, shall pay half of the duty filxed on those with
gilt frames.
Painters' tablets:
Of ivory per dozen.. 25
Of wood _ do 16
Piano-stools each.. 50
Pincers ..' do 5
Packing-cloth:
Of f in width and under ..perell.. 2
Above }. (See article 24, third paragraph.)
Plaits:
Of fine gold or silver, for vests perell.- 6
Of imitation gold or silver, for vests do 5
Of silk per 12 ells.- 6
Of wool, thread, and cotton ._ do 3
Pipes, of iron or cast iron, for water purposes per hundred- weight. . 1 00
Pork:
In casks per cask.. . 2 50
In barrels per barrel-. 1 50
Pigs feet and ears, in barrels do 1 50
Pickaxes and mattocks ..perdozen.. 1 00
Plates, for making cassava i each.. 20
Polonaise, of 30 inches and under per ell.. 5
Paper:
For drawing, plans, charts, called ^' Great Eagle'' pet 100 sheets.. 1 00
Petition, cut, fine and gilt edged . per ream.. 1 OO
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 513^
#
Fftper — Gontinned.
Petition, not gilt edged per ream.. $0 75
Fine, above 16 inches do 60
Ordinary, 15 inches and above do 70
Common, for schools, under 15 inches do 1&
Letter, gilt edged do 60
Letter, notgiltedged do 48
For envelopes, cartridges, and staffing, gray, bine, yellow do 12
Ruled for music - ..per quire.- 12
For tapestry, with rich designs or subjects, velveted or satined.. per roll.. 25
For tapestry, vrith varied designs or flowers, velveted or satined, without
gilt per roll-- 18
For tapestry with plain designs, velveted or satined. - do 6
For tapestry, ordinary, with plain designs, varied or with flowers, without
gilt, not satined, glazed or not glazed per roll.. 3
Plush cockades:
For inferior officers pair.. 30
For superior officers.. do 60
Pouches:
Forshot, plain 1 * dozen.. 60
Forshot, double do 1 20
Percussion caps per thousand.. 20
Plates:
Of tin and pewter 1 per dozen.. 50
Of wicker.. do 50
Composition do 75
Pails or buckets, the nest assorted do 1 00
Pails or caskets do 75
Pans, large, of copper j. perpound.. 0
Purses:
Of beads, or of steel per dozen.. 1 00»
Silk, with clasp of gold or silver each.. 12
Without clasps, with compartments or with ringi per dozen. . 1 00-
With clasps of gilded brass or silver-plated do 2 50
Of ordinary materials i do 50
Padlocks:
Of brass do 1 00»
Of iron do 30
Penknives:
Fine J. per dozen.. 50
Ordinary do 50
Playing cards _ the six packs.. 25
Pasteboard, insheets, assorted X>erdozen.. 16
Plaices, for hatters.. do 50
Plows. Free of duty.
Preserve-dishes, of glass or porcelain per pair.. 50
Preserves, dried or liquid perpound.. 20
Preserved:
Meats, vegetables, &c per box.. 10
Same as above, in half or quarter boxes ^ each.. 4
Pier tables:
Gilt each.. 4 00^
Of mahogany _. do 3 OO
Pickles:
Inancres perancre.. 40
In jars .* the 12 jars.. 30
Paint-boxes:
For drawing per single box.. 60
For drawing ...per double box.. 1 OO
Pins:
Divers, fortoilet per package of 12 sheets.. 12
Divers, fortoilet, in bulk... perpound.. IS
Platillas:
Wide, off, of thread, or thread-cotton per ell.. S
Nappow, under f, of thread, or thread-cotton do 4
Orpure cotton, of § width ...do Jfe
Of pure cotton, narrow, under f... do 2
Bonen, flowered, of 40 inches and under... do ^
1784 ooarG— A p 33
514 TARIFFS OF THE SfiVEBAL COUNTRIES.
•
Of braes, for cartains per gross..
Of metal, forbareaaand cloeetkeys.. -oo
Of iron, for tents . do
Rifles:
Fine, single or double barrel each..
(Minary, single or double barrel do
Razor-strops per dozen..
Roekets and crackers per gross..
Revolvers . each..
RafSes, for women, of divers stafib or silks per dozen..
RQsh*mats each..
Revolvers per pair. .
Raisins, dried per pound..
Razors:
Fine, in their boxes or cases, ...per pair..
In padoiges or on cards... - do
Common, in packages or on cards ^ do
Ratafia and cherry-brandy - per 12 bottles..
Ratafia and cherry-brandy •- per 12 half bottles..
Rakes, of iron each..
Rolers per dozen..
Rat-traps, of iron — — do
Rc^nerators, in bottles .^ per bottle..
Registers:
Over 24 inches each..
From 18 to 24 inches do
Under 18 inches do
Rules, for the game of billiards, on tables per table..
Rulers, for officers, assorted, of wood per dozen..
Reticules:
Of silk, for ladies - each..
Of stuff. do
Rivets per hundred pounds..
Rice . - per hundred-weight- -
IMbbons:
Of satin, assorted I)er piece of 12 ells..
Of silk, assorted do
Of black silk, for hemming and trimming shoes x>er piece of 12 eUs. .
Wide, of every quality per ell..
Of silk TelTet , do
Of silk, thread, or cotton per 12 ells..
*0f wool, for mattresses per piece of 12 ells..
*0f silk and cotton in pieces do....
Sngs:
Over 3 feet in length by 1 foot in width ..each..
Under 3 feet in length by 1 foot in width do
Xuasian leather:
Real, wide f per ell..
Real^ above f. (See article 24, third paragraph.)
Real, narrow, bdowf A per ell..
Imitation, wide, of f do
Imitation, above f. (See article 24, third paragraph.)
Imitation, narrow, under f per ell..
Steel:
In bars per hundred-weight..
In plates ^ ..do
Stills:
Of brass, with neck and cover each gallon..
Of brass, without neck and cover do
Of tin, for liquors and other purposes, from 10 to 12 gallons each
Slates:
For scholars ^ per dozen..
For houses. Free of duty.
.SQver plate, fine, other than those tariffed per pound..
$0 50
1 00
25
4 00
3 00
50
30
600
1 00
15
0 00
2
30
20
6
1 00
50
12
25
50
25
1 50
1 00
30
40
30
16
8
1 50
75
12
9
9
5
2
6
1
2
1 00
50
6
5
4
8
200
2 50
12
6
1 00
6
2 00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEHAL COUNTRIES. 515
Scales:
Composed of waiten, beams, and iron chains, capable of weighing 10 hun-
dred-weight and over each.. $2 00
Asabove, from 6 and nnder 10 hnndred-weight do... 1 00
Ofone and nnder five hundred-weight do 50
Ezpensive, of gilded brass or silyer-plated, with waiters, or mounted upon
columns ea<£.. 3 00
Ordinary, for stores, with plated waiters do... 50
Ordinary, for stores, of tin per dozen.. 2 50
Roman fl^le each.. 1 00
Btoc^ings:
Silk, ibr men and women per dozen pair.. 00
- Silk, for chUdren do... 40
Of lisle thread, for women do... 60
Of thread, for men - do.— 60
*Of cotton, for men do 40
'Woolen, for men . . do— 50
*For children, cotton and woolen do... 20
Sheepskins per dozen.. 50
Spits, with iron chains each.. 1 00
Sideboards: «
Of mahogany, or choice woods each.. 7 00
Of ordinaiy woods do... 3 00
Seals, of brass, for offices per dozen.. 30
Sofos:
Of different woods, covered with hair stufb, morocoo or silk each.. 5 00
Of painted or Tarnished woods, with straw or cane bottoms, fine, gilt or
not gilt r each.. 4 00
Of worn] or straw, ordinary, with bottoms gilded or not do... 2 00
Staf^ for drum-mijors, with nlTer or silyer-gilt lumdles do... 4 00
Of brass per pound.. 12
Iron-plated, or of pinchbaok . ...each.. 12
Saucepans:
Sashes, of gaoze or muslin per dozen.. $1 00
Sword-belts :
For superior officers, with gold or silTer lace, or embroidered on Tel-
yet each.. 4 00
Of buff (for swords) ..per dozen.. 75
Plated, with gold or silTcr thread each.. 3 00
Of morocco, embroidered per dozen.. 4 00
Of stamped leather do 8 60
Of Tarnished leather do.... -1 50
Of morocco or TelTct, embroidered with gold each.. 25
Sword knots:
Of gold or silTer, for superior officers each.. 50
Of gold or siWer. imitation, for superior officers do.... 40
Of fine gold or stlTcr, for inferior officers do.... 40
•Of imitation gold or silTer, for inferior officers do.... 20
Of silk per dozen.. 80
Of wool, thread, or cotton do.... 18
Swords :
Mounted with fine silTcr, with copper scabbards each.. 2 00
Mounted Trith fine sllTer, with leather scabbards and silTcr-plated fer-
rules each.. 1 50
Mounted with gilt copper, or silTcr-plated, with copper-gilt scabbards,
each 75
Mounted idth gilt copper, or silTcr-plated, witn leather scabbards and
coppex^gilt, or silTcr-plated ferrules each.. 75
ilne, for officers, with scabbards and hilts of gilt copper, or silTcr-plated,
and with moloings and ornaments each.. 1 00
Smuc, without moldings or ornaments each.. 1 00
Ordinary, with soabbwds and hilts of burnished brass, and plain .do .... 50
Ordinary, with leather scabbards and ferrules of iron or leather . . do . . . . 40
Socks, or ball hose:
Of silk per dozen.. 50
Of woolen do.... 50
\ •Thus modified bjthA law of July 90, 1»9. — —
516 TARIFFS OF THE SEVER AL COUNTRIES.
Socks, or half hose — Continaed.
* Of thread or cotton per dosen.. |20
* Of thread or cotton, for children do.... 10
Shabracka :
Trimmed with gold each.. 5 00
Trimmed with silver do 3 00
Of fine cloth and other rich material do.... 1 50
Of common cloth and other material do 1 00
Shirts:
For men, of cambric, lined or not each.. 50
For men, with stomacher of wool .....do S5
For men, with stomacher of cotton do 12
For men, of ordinary linen.. L per dozen.. 4 00
For men. of common linen do.... 2 59
For soldiers and sailors, of wool, common Unen, or ticking do 1 00
Shirts: Of cambric, muslin or fine calico, for men per dozen.. 3 00
Of cambric mnslin or ordinary calico, common, for men's wear do 200
For men, of calico or cambric muslin, having linen fronts do,... 300
For children , of cambric or fine linen, eiknbroidered or not do.... 3 00
For children, of ordinary linen do 2 00
For children, of ordinary calico and common do.... 1 00
Silk-twist: Foridiakos, with fine gold or silver each.. 2 00
For shakos, with imitation gold or silver do 1 00
For dresses per 100 vards.. 25
For shakos per aozen.. 1 75
Silk- velvet-twist for dresses per ell.. 1
Silk-fringe do.... 2
Silk-plusn for hats do 12
Silk-velvet do 25
Silks: Silk cloth and other embroidered stnfEs per ell.. 25
Gros of Naples, embroidered, plain or striped ; satin, plain or with flowers,
tafiety and other stuffs of worked silk, for dresses per eU . . 20
Levantine, Florence, and light silks, and striped do 15
All of 30 inches and under; for silks above 30 inches (see article 24,
third paragraph).
Silk watchgnards per dozen.. |0 25
Silk lace: Wide.. per ell.. 10
Narrow do.... 6
Silver lace: Fiue, over 18 lines do.... 75
Fine, from 12 to lb lines do 40
Fine, under 12 lines do 18
Sonr-crout per barrel.. 50
Sealing-wax, all colors per pound.. 20
Scissors: For masons, joiners, &c per dozen.. 20
For tailors, above 6 inches in size do 20
For seamstress, of all sizes, fine do 50
For seamstress, of all sizes, common ....do 20
For cutting ptoteboard each.. 75
For cutting sheet iron, tin, «&c do 1 00
Strings: For harp, assorted per assortment.. 30
For violin, violoncello, or guitar, assorted, per roll or otherwise.. the 12
strings.. 5
Shoe-horns: Of bone per dozen.. 30
Of brass do 1 00
Slate-pencils per thousand.. 50
Screw-jacks each.. 75
Skins: Whipped, for hatters per dozen.. 50
For hatters do.... 50
Spoons:
Of silver, with forks (see Fine silverware).
Plated, with forks per dozen.. 2 00
Plated, without forks do.... 1 00
For soup (ladle) each.. 30
Of culin, common, with forks per dozen.. 1 00
Of culin, common, without forks do..*. 50
Of culin, for soup (ladle) each.. 20
* Of metal, of comi>o8ition, not silver plated, with forks per dozen. . 20
*0f metal, of composition, without forks do.... 10
* Thus modified by the law of July 20, 1850.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 517
Spoons — Continned.
* Of metal, of oomposition, for soap (ladle) each.. |0 06
*For coffee, of pewter per dosen.. 3
*0f wroaght-iroD or pewter, with forks do.... 10
"Of wrought-iron or pewter, withoat forks do.... 5
*Of wroQght-iron or pewter, for soup (ladle) *..eaoh.. 3
And skimmers, of copper, for sogar-mills per poand.. 4
For coffee, plated per dozen.. 60
For coffee, of onlin do.... 30
Stoves, of iron, for yeseels per hnndred-weight.. 75
Shirt-bosoms:
Of fine linen and cambric^ made np and embroidered per dozen • . 1 50
Of ordinary linen andoahco do.... 75
Sngar-plnms, of eyerv sort per pound.. 8
Seltzer water, and other mineral waters, in Jars or in bottles ....per dozen.. 30
Scarfs:
For aides-de-camp, with large tassels each.. 1 00
For aides-de-camp, with small tassels do.... 75
Of silk and lace, for ladies do.... 60
Spnrs:
Of ffilt, copper, or silver-plated per dozen pairs.. 2 00
Of iron, or blown copper, or plated r do.... 50
Of iron, or polished copper do.... 50
Of iron, or rough copper do.... 50
Sponges:
>ine perpound.. 35
Common, for horses do.... 6
Squares:
Of iron • each.. 6
Of wood do.... 6
Spirits :
Of wine per gallon.. 6(X
Of turi>entine do.... 12
Of ether flasks.. 6
Of semen-contra, in vials per dozen.. 75
Stirrups :
Fine perpair.. fO 30
Ordinary do.... 20
Common per dozen pairs.. 75
Stirrui>-leathers .per dozen.. 1 00
Snaffles each.. 10
Screw-augers, assorted do.... 20
Stoves, of iron and brass do.... 1 00
Steels, for sharpening knives per dozen.. 40
Sleeves (shoulder of mutton) detached fh>m dress do.... 1 50
Squittles (game of ) ; each set.. 1 00
Stu£b for petticoats :
Plain each piece.. 50
Embroidered '- .do.... 1 00
Stuffed tongues per dozen.. 50
Spectacles :
Mounted in gold each.. 1 00
Mounted in ulver do.... 60
Of tortoise shell, mounted in gold do.... 50
Mounted in ^It, brass, or silver-plated perdozen.. 1 50
Mounted in iron •• do.... 50
Snuffers :
With trays of sheet-iron • do.... 30
Without trays of sheet-iron., •• do.... 16
Steam-mills, free of duty.
Sheep (live), free of duty.
Straw mats :
Four-quarters wide and over, in pieces per ell.. 20
Under four-quarters wide, in pieces do.... 12
Shells (projectiles), free of duty.
Spangles :
(jf fine gold or silver per mark.. 50
Of imitation gold or silver do.... 50
*Thus modified by the law of July 20, 1850.
518 TARIFFS OF THE SEYEfiAL COUNTRIES.
Slippers:
Of wool, common per dozen.. |0 75
Of wool, fine, ordinary do.... 1 00
Of skin do..-. 1 50
Sand-paper ^ per quire.. 8
Shoyels :
Of iron per dozen.. 75
Of wood do 40
SaltHdiovels ^...do.... 40
8ngar-ton|^ , do 50
Smoking-pipes :
Of porcelain, mounted each.. 10
Ofpottery pergross.. 24
Of clay do 10
Squared timber, pitch-pine per thousand.. 2 00
Shot per pound.. 4
Steel pens per groas.. 30
Stag hair per hundred weight.. 2 00
Scrapers for ships per dozen.. 50
Springs:
For carriage wheels, 20 per ceiit. ad Talorem.
For watches, 20 per cent, ad yi^orem.
Saltcellars :
Of glass per dozen..
Of metal of every sort per pair..
Sanderach in small phials per dozen..
Sardines:
In barrels per barrel..
In pots pot..
In oil, in tin boxes per box..
In oil, half in tin, boxes per half box..
In oil, in j[u%rter tin boxes per quarter box..
Sauce, or "King sauce" per dozen flasks..
Sausages:
Preeerred in lard per pound..
Not preserved in laid do....
Salmon:
In barrels per barrel..
In half barrels per half barrels..
In quarter barrels., .r..... per quarter barrels..
*Soap, of every quality per hundred pounds..
Shakos:
For officers, of beaver, velvet, or morocco, without hat-bands each..
For troops, with plate, without hat-bands per dozen..
Shawls:
Of tulle, or fine thread lace, or cotton lace, and thread and silk, of 4-4
and over each..
Of silks, of all sizes do
*0f white and colored cotton, of all sizes per dozen..
*0f muslin, of every size do
"Of merino, of wool, and cotton do....
Saws:
Laroe and medium size, not mounted, assorted per dozen..
Small, not mounted «...dp....
Large, mounted, assorted do
Smul, mounted, assorted do....
tSalt:
In barrels I>er barrel..
In small loaves, or in baskets each..
Serge, of 30 inches and under per ell..
Siamese cotton, of f to), striped do....
Saddles:
Fine, fbr men, for sujierior officers, provided with holsters and laced sad-
dle-cloth each..
Ordinary, with or without saddle-cloth do....
Without nolsters or mountings do
For troops, with mountings and trappings .....do....
"""" 'Thiu modified bv the law of July SO, 1859. ^
(Thnt xnodifled by the law of IliBoember S, 18S0.
25
25
50
•
50
20
10
6
4
3
4
4
1 50
75
37
1 00
1 50
3 00
1 50
1 00
1 00
1 50
3 00
2 00
1 50
225
1 75
1 00
5
10
4
12 00
8 00
6 00
3 00
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 519
Saddles— CoDtiniied.
Pine and ordinary, for ladies, mounted each..
Ordinary, lor ladies, mounted do
For men and ladies, of every quality, not mounted do
Sirups:
Of orgeat, or other sort, in bottles per dozen
Of orgeat, or other sort, in yials do....
Silk:
For sewing and embroidering per pound....
For shoemakers * do....
Shoes:
Of knitted wool, called socks, for children per dozen..
Fine, for men, glazed or of patent leather do ....
Ordinary, for men, glazed, or of patent leather do....
For boys do....
For women, of silk, of fine colored leather or morocco do....
For women, of pruneUa, or other stuffo, or of ordinary leather do
For babies, of every quality do....
For little girls, of every quality do....
Of India rubber do....
Statues:
Of pla8ter,2 feet in height, and over each..
Of plaster, of 12 to 23 inches in height each..
Of plaster, under 12 inches per dozen..
Of marble or bronze, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Statuettes, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Stereoscopes, *iM) per cent* ad valorem.
Sugar-candy, apple or barley per pound..
Sugar, refined do....
Sugar-basins, of glass or porcelain per pair..
Snuff;
iFer pound
ilu bottles or flasks .' per pound..
Snuff-boxes:
Of gold, plain, or with music X>er ounce..
Of tortoise-shell, ornamented with gold, fine each..
Snnff-boxes:
Of silver, fine per marc..
Of torioise-shell, ornamented with fine silver each . .
Of wood or other material, with gilded bottoms do
Of pasteboard, fine per dozen..
Of pasteboara, leather, or various woods, with horn bottoms, common,
per dozen
Of pewter, lead, horn, common per dozen..
Witn music, or tortoise-shell, wood, Ac each..
Sieves :
For flour, mounted per dozen..
For cane-Juice, not mounted do
Sheet-iron per hundred- weight..
Shoe-knives ^ per dozen..
S^ews:
Under<2 inches (small, of iron) per gross..
Of iron, for beds : do....
Small, of copper .....do
Small, of iron do
Sliadee (for eyes), of leather per dozen..
SallSy for ships, 20 per cent ad valorem. *
Shuttles :
Of pure silver ••• per marc..
Of gilt copper per pair..
Spy-glassea:
Two feet Ions when entirely extended per dozen..
Under 8 feet long when entirely extended do
Sheep-skins, white or chamoised, dressed ^. •..•... do
Slksathing:
Of cedar, cypress, or pitch-pine per thousand..
Of pine Imober .iio....
X Thiu modified by law Oetober 8, 1881, to tako ofTcct Jumsry 1, 1888.
$8 00
5 00
3 00
1 5a
7&
25
la
25
2 50*
2 00
2 00
2 oa
1 5a
1 oa
1 5a
2 oa
75
37
60
8
3
25
8
8
1 00
80
1 oa
40*
1 00
30
20
1 50
1 00
50*
75
15
06^
75
50
40-
20
50
50
2 00
1 25
5a
75
4a-
5^0 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Siraacas, of 30 inches and under per ell.. $0 07
4Soented waters :
In bottles each.. 20
In phials or flasks per dozen.. 50
fiaint George, of 30 inches and nnder per ell.. 3
^Sance, of 30 inches and nnder do.... 3
Sacks, for inhabitants, of three to fonr threads per dozen.. 75
Timber :
Squared, of pitch pine per thoosand.. 2 00
Squared, of pine do.... 1 75
Tinder-boxes :
Phosphoric each.. 3
Of steel, for striking flre perdosen.. 10
Of infantry, for troops, free of duty.
Tacks ....perpoond.. 3
Tiles:
Paving, of different styles and colors perthoosand.. 1 00
Paving, of marble do.... 10 00
Paving, common, of 6 inches do.... 50
Paving Tcalled Alotte stone) ...do.... 50
Thimbles, of bone, pure copperj or iron per gross.. 15
Turkeys (alive), free of dafy.
Tow per hundred- weight.. 1 00
Tin plate :
boable per 100 plates.. 2 00
Single do 1 00
Twine per pound.. 3
Tickinff :
Of 30 inches and under per ell.. 2
*0f every quality and imitation, cambray , nnder 24 inches do ... . li
*Of every quality and imitation, cambray, from 24 to 30 inches .... do ... . 2
*0f every quality and imitation, cambray, firom 30 to 36 inches .... do 2^
*0f every quality and imitation, cambray, from 36 to 42 inches .... do 3
*0f every quality and imitation, cambray, from 42 inches and over, do 3|
Time-pieces :
With music, large each.. 8 00
Ordinary and common, of wood do.... 2 00
Of brass or bronze do.... 6 00
Thread:
White and colored, of Rennes, assorted per pound.. $0 12
Cotton, colored and assorted do 10
Cotton, white, for embroidering, in spools or baUs. . per 12 spools or baUs . . 2
Cotton, white and colored, in spools or balls per pound.. 6
In balls do 5
For sails; for making nets ; for shoemakers do.... 3
Trimmings :
Of fine gold or silver lace per pair.. 8
For dresses of tulle or lace, with bouquets or pearls, flowers, &c. .each. . . 3 00
For muslin or gauze dresses, embroidered per ell.. 6
For same as am>ve, called '^ en tre-deux" .do.... 5
Representing lightning, grenades, hunting horns of gold or silver,
fine per trimming.. 40
Same as above, of imitation gold or silver do.... 40
For bridles each.. 50
For ladies' chemises, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Of silk, with frogs, for beds « do.... 4 00
Of stuffs, of every quality for beds do 3 00
Tassels :
Of gold or silver, for boots or hats, in fringe per pair.. 30
Same as above, for superior officers ao.... 60
Tar per barrel.. 75
Toys, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Trunks:
Empty, large and small, in nests each.. 75
Containing imported goods do.... 85
^Tousers :
Of fine cloth, knitted kerseymere, silk do.... 1 50
Of fine linen, dimity, nankeen, nankinette, and other light stuffs ... do ... . 50
Of deerskin or chamois do 1 00
Laced with gold do.... 2 50
'"^ »Thiu modified by the Uw of July 80, IBm]
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 521
Laced with silver each., fd 00
Of osDabiirg, or coarse cloth per dozen.. 1 50
Tweezers, for Jewelers and shoemakers do.... 40
Tmnk-handles :
Of copper f per dozen pairs.. 30
Of iron do 12
Tacks:
Of copper per ponnd.. 9
Of iron aesortedCFrench) per pair.. 6
Tnfts :
Of g;old or silyer for officers per dozen.. 3 50
Of silk or silver and silk do.... 75
Of wool do 26
Traveling bags, of every quality each.. 25
Tooth-powder per 12 boxes.. 40
Tell-talesy of copper, ivory, or bone, when separate from mathematical boxes
or cases per dozen.. 60
Tapes or measures do.... 12
Traveling writing-clesks, of mahogany, of cedar, of boxwood, Ac, fine and
rich each.. 3 00
Transportable writinff-desks, plain and common do.... I 50
Tasters, of tin, for wme per dozen.. 50
Tallow per pound.. 1
Tobacco :
•Twist do.... 8
"Leaf do . 6
'Chewing of every sort do 8
Tables:
Folding, of mahogany ea<*h.... 6 00
Folding, of other woods do.... 4 00
Ordinary, of walnut, cherry, or other woods do.... 2 00
Of pine do.... 1 00
Toilet tables, of mahogany or other rare woods do.... 3 00
Taffeta, imitation, of nlk and cotton, of 30 inches and under per ell . . 10
Table covers:
Fine each.. 1 25
Ordinary and common do.... 75
Telescopes :
Portable each.. 2 00
Large, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Thermometers:
Over 12 inches in size do.... 20
Under 12 inches in size per dozen.. ^60
Tiercons, empty, from 10 to 30 gallons each.. 16
Tombs, or marble monumenta, of every dimension do.... 6 00
Trumpets do.... 75
Trowels, for masons per dozen.. 50
Tiling per thousand.. 1 00
Tiser-skins each.. 1 00
Tmips:
Of gold, for hats do.... 25
Of silver, for shakos do.... 20
For hatfl^ of ffilt, brass, or silver-plated per dozen.. 1 50
Of burnished leather do.... 30
Table-cloths :
Fine, damask, wide, striped, for 24 plates and over each.. 75
Ordinary, plain, with bars, brown do.... 20
Of cotton, fine and wide ^ do.... 30
Common and narrow do.... 10
Thimbles :
For sailmakers and tailors per dozen.. 06
Tallow-candles ...^ per pound.. 02
Trimmings for locks:
Of brass. for wardrobes perpair.. 04
Of iron, for wardrobes ao.... 02
Of bone or mother-of-pearl, for wardrobes. do.... 06
Trible-milled cotton or woolen , of 30 inches and wider per ell . . 07
* Thus modified by Uw of October 6, 1881« to take eflbct JannArj 1, 1882.
•
522 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Umbrellaa:
'Sonshades, parasols of eyeir size and shape each.. |0 €0
"Sonshades, parasols for children do.... 90
•Of woolen stnlEB do 30
•Of cotton do 18
Yamps:
For shoes per dosen pairs. . 1 00
Yermonth:
In cases or baskets of 12 bottles each.. 50
In liters per 12 liters.. T5
Ylals:
Empty, large perhandred.. 50
Empty, small : do 40
Empty, covered with leather per dozen.. 50
Yamish :
In bottles per bottle.. 12
Yerdicrris per ponnd.. 06
Yests*:
Made of cloth, of every quality each.. 3 00
Made of light stnlEB of evory quality do.... 1 00
Yinegar:
In varioas casks per gallon.. 02
In demijohns each.. i*i
In bottles per dozen.. 06
Yiolins or violinoellos:
Fine, with cases each.. 50
Common and ordinary, without cases do 50
Vitriol per pound.. 06
Veils:
Of lace, tulle or silk each.. 2 00
Of gause or muslin do 50
Of cotton lace do 1 50
Watering-pots :
Of tin each.. 25
Of brass do 50
Of sheet iron do 25
White lead and whiting perbarrel.. 35
White enamel for ladies per pot.. 20
Wheelbarrows each.. 75
Wagons :
Four-wheel, large each.. 3 00
Medium size do.... 3 00
Walking-sticks :
Of malacca, ornamented with gold do.... 2 50
Of malacca, ornamented with sihrer dn.... 1 00
Of malacca, ornamented with tortoise-shell ^ perdoaen.. 3 00
Of malacca, cocoa-nut, imitation, or bone do.... 1 50
Of common wood, yamiHhed do.... 1 00
Of iron do.... 1 00
Wire ribbon :
Of gold, orof silver, fine I>er ounce.. 20
Of gold, orof silver, false do 10
Wax tapers pound^. 05
Wax works, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Watch-keys :
Of brass per dozen.. 12
With false stonesL mounted on brass do.... 1 00
Wreaths, embroidered in gold, 20 per cent, ad valorem. ^
Whins :
Of whalebone do.... 2 00
Of wood do.... 1 00
Window-fastenings of iron, small .*...do.... 37
Woven stufEs :
Woolen, for trousers, thread or cotton 4-4 per ell.. 12
Woolen, same as above, under 4-4 ,....do.... 08
Woolen thread or cotton, or pure cotton, plain or striped, of 4-4.. do.... 06
Woolen for trousers, same as above, under 4-4 do.... 05
Woolen, for trousers, of 26 inches and under do.... 04
* Thnt modified by the law of July 20, 1850.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 523
Wir^ brass or iron per ponnd.. |0 08
Woolen lace :
Wide per ell.. 06
Narrow.. « do.... 03
Waistcoata:
Of fine cloth, withsleeyes each.. 2 00
Of light stofb per dozen.. 3 00
Of kerseymere, silk cloth, or other stitched stofb do.... 6 00
Of light stofGB do 3 00
With gold or silyerlace....'. each.. 2 00
Wool, raw per ponnd.. 04
Wooden laths per thousand.. 75
Watches :
Gold, of every quality each.. 1 50
Silver, of every quality do.... 75
Brass, of every quality do.... 50
Wafers • per pound.. 12
Wigs each.. 1 00
Water-casks :
With wooden hoops .\.. per each gallon.. 01
With iron hoops do.... 02
Waiters :
, For tea service, painted, gilded or not, of 1 foot and above in diameter,
each 75
Same, under 1 foot.... per dozen. « 2 00
Of metal, for decanters '. each.. 1 50
Of straw do.... 50
Silver-plated, and those of silver, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Wicks, for lamps per gross.. 12
Whitv brown or cut pasteboard peraosea.. 12
Weiff hts :
For scales, of copper per bundled- weight.. 9 00
For scales, of iron do.... 1 00
Watch-pockets :
Of silk, embroidered per dozen.. 1 00
Plain ...do.... 50
Of stuff do.... 25
Wash-balls do.... 16
Wines:
Red and white, in hogsheads per hogshead of 60 gallons.. 3 OO
Red and white, in cases of 12 bottles j. per case.. 50
Of Madeira, Teneriffe, Malaga, Bruntez, Muscat, the Cape of Good Hope,
in hogsheads per galkm.. 12
Of Champagne, Port, Rhine, in cases of 12 bottles per ease.. 50
Of Muscat, Malmsey, and other dessert wines, in cases of Hs bottles,
^percase •• 50
Wnite or colored of Marseilles, commonly known as Madeira style, in casks,
per gallon 12
Window-glass, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Whisky:
In casks of not less than 60 gallons per gallon.. 50
In casks of 12 flasks peroase.. 1 00
Injugsof apintandahalf per 12 Jags.. 1 00
Wimbles :
With augers, assorted perdozen.. 1 00
Without augers do 50
Zino: In sheets and nails ....per pound.. 02
Tariff No. 2.— DUTIES OX EXPORTS.
Mahogany perMfeet.. 3 00
Fustic or yellow wood do.... 1 00
Guaiao 'peit 1,000 pounds.. 10
* Logwood do.... 1 50
Dye-woods of every sort (exeept logwood) do 1 00
Cocoa '. per 100 pounds.. 1 50
Coffee do 2 50
tColton .^ do 10
* Thus modified by biw of Deeember 15. 1880.
t Thus modified by Uw of Oetober e, ISn, to tekeeilMt Jsnoary 1, 1882.
524 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Hides per pound.. $0 03
Wax per 10 pounds.. 50
Tortoise-shell per pound.. 02
Pith, in fiber per 1,000 pounds.. 3 00
Honey per gallon.. 04
Tariff No. 3.— WHARFAOE DUES.
Steel •». per hundred-weight.. 06
Garlic :
In bulk do 04
In bunches per 100 bunches.. 50
Stills, with their accessories each.. 2 00
Anchors of ships or for throwing oyerboard per hundred- weight . . 06
Slates, incases .' per case.. 25
Wardrobes each.. 1 00
Oars • per dozen.. 06
Chests :..per nest.. 12
Baths:
Of brass or tin each.. 50
Or half-baths of brass or tin do 25
Of wood, or large pails do.... 04
Scales:
Larffe do 50
With columns do 06
For shops ••• per dozen.. 12
Bales :
In chests per nest.. 12
Of dry goods, of 2 feet and over each.. 25
Of dry goods, under 2 feet do.... 12
Barrels:
Of the size of a flour-barrel do 12
Half of aboyesize do.... 06
Casks:
Full, of55to60ffallons do 25
Full, and over 60 gallons do.... 50
Empty, of55 to 60 gallons do 04
Em^ty, over 60 gallons do.... 08
Butter, m firkins per hundred.. 12
Beer, in tierces .each.. 18
Billiards ,....do 2 00
Biscuits :
In barrels • do.... 12
In half-barrels do ... 06
In sacks per hundred- weight.. 06
In small barrels or firkins * each.. 04
Smoked beef per hundred- weight.. 12
Mahogany per 1,000 feet, reduced, national money.. 2 00
Yellow wood or fustic per 1,000 pounds.. 50
Gaacnm wood, Brazil wood k..do.... 50
Squared timber, pitch-pine, pine do.... 50
Hogsheads (one in another) each.. 06
Hogsheads, full. (See articles therein contained.)
Bricks per thousand.. 50
Wheelbarrows each.. 06
Sideboards do 1 00
Bureaus, writing-desks, d^ do.... 1 00
Cabs. (See Carriages.)
Wagons, large and medium size each.. 50
Cocoa per thousand, national money.. 50
Cases of provisions, selling per pound, per hundred, or per hundred- weight. . 12
Boxes of smoked herrings each.. 04
Boxes of dry- j^oods, of 2 feet and over do 25
Boxes of diy-goods, under 2 feet do 12
Logwood per thousand, national mone v.. 50
Sotas, divers each.. 25
Marble tiles per thousand.. 2 00
Barsac tiles per armful.. 25
Alotte tiles, and large stones for building purposes per dozen . . 25
Tiles, ordinary per thousand.. 50
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 525
•
Coaches. (See Carriages.)
Caskets per nest.. |0 12
Chairs, divers per dozen.. 1 00
Hats... per hogshead or case.. 50
Heads for stills, detached each.. 30
Candles, in cases per hundred- weight.. 12
Coal per hogshead.. 50
Carryalls. (See Carriages.)
Boilers, for sugar each.. 25
Boilers, of casting per hundred- weight.. 12
Bells, of iron, casting, or copper * do 12
N.ails, of every quality do 12
Smoked pork • do 12
Chest of drawers each.. 1 00
Ropes, divers per hundred- weight.. 12
Cotton .....per thousand, national monev.. 50
Couleuvres for alambios, detached eaoh.. 50
Cowhides, salted per 100 hides, national money.. 50
Copper per hundred-weight.. 06
DemHohns, of all sizes, fhll or empty each.. 02
Half-barrels, in general, the size of nalf-banel of flour do 06
Bigdales, full or empty do.... 02
Sugar-plums, In cases of 12 bottles, or 12 flasks, or 30 vials per case. . 06
Sugar-plums, in double cases • do.... 12
Brandy (same duty as on gin and on whisky).
Sifters. (See Sieves.)
Eschalots :
In bulk per hundred- weieht.. 04
In bunches per 100 bunches.. 50
Anvils each.. 25
Spars do.... 06
Pewter •- per hundred- weight.. 06
Vices each 12
Sheathing, divers per thousand.. 50
Crockery :
In hogsheads per hoeshead.. 50
In baskets per casket.. 36
Crockery :
In crates each.. 36
In large cases do.... 36
Inhampersor half baskets do 18
Flour, wheat or rye per barrel.. 12
Do per half barrel.. 06
Iron in bars, pig or sheet per hundred- weight.. 06
Old iron per hogshead.. 50
Iron tools .- • per tierce.. 18
Iron tools, not boxed per hundred- weight.. 06
Hoop-iron do.... 06
Hoop-wood per thousand.. 50
Fountains each.. 12
Sugar-molds per dozen.. 12
Firkins. (See articles therein contained.)
Cheese per hundred- weight.. 12
Brandied fruits :
Per case of 12 bottles, 12 flasks, or 30 vials each.. 06
In double cases per case.. 12
Gin:
In casks of 60 gallons eaoh cask.. 25
In casks of more than 60 gallons do.... 50
Injngsor incases, the case or 12 Jugs 06
Graplings per hundred- weight.. 06
Harps each.. 1 00
Clocks :
Large » each.. 1 00
Forkitchens and ante-rooms do.... 25
Oil:
In oases of 12 bottles, 12 flasks, or 30 vials do.... 06
In double cases do.... 12
In Jugs do.... 02
In cases of 12 flasks do.... 04
In firkins do.... 04
626
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Hams, oot boxed per hundred- weight.
Jugs, assorted each.
Beef tongues, cured, not boxed do...
Bacon, not boxed per hundred- weight.
Laths each.
Liquors :
Of all qualities, in cases of 12 bottles, 12 flasks, or 30 vials do.. .
Same, in double oases do...
IndemUohns, inanoresof 8gallons ^ do...
In demgohns, in luiores of 4 gallons and less do...
Beds, diyers ^ do...
Madeira, in barrels of 55 to 60 gallons • do...
Com:
In grain or in meal ••• perbaciel.
In grain or in meal per half barrel .
Trunks of diy goods :
Of 2 feet and over each.
Under 2 feet do...
Lard in firkins '. per hundred- weight.
Merchandise in general, selling by the pound, the hundred, and the thousand,
per hundred •••
Mattresses, by the cargo each.
Clapboards per thousand.
Grindstones, assorted per dozen.
Mortars:
Of iron or brass, for apothecaries each.
Of marble, assorted perdosen.
Codfish and dry salt cod:
In hogsheads per hogshead.
In tierces per tierce.
Steam-mills for sugar refineries each.
Milhs:
For winnowing and cleaning coffee • do...
For seeding and combing cotton do.. .
For tobacco do...
For com, not encased do...
Wicker mats per dozen.
Onions :
In bulk per hundred- weight.
In bunches .• per 100 buncoes.
Organs each.
Osier t. ,...per lOOhandfuls.
Baskets of osier, empty, assorted per dozen.
Skins:
Various, loose, large do...
Varioas, loose, small, kid, goat, sheep, and hog • do...
Paints, in pots per hundred- weight.
Spades per dozen.
Pianos each.
Puncheons for water and mm :
Of 55 to 60 gallons do...
Above 60 snllons ; do...
Stones. (See Tiles.)
Crowbars and pick-axes per hundred- weight.
Pith ..per thousand pounds.
Lead, in pig or in leaf per hundred-weight.
Stoves and small stoves, not boxed per dozen.
Weights, in iron or copper, for balances per hundred- weight.
Beans of all sorts per barrel.
* Do per half barrel.
Fire-engines each.
Pumps :
For ships do...
For wells and hand-pumps do...
Hydraulic • do...
For printing • » .do...
For copying, not boxed do...
For binding, not boxed do...
For stamping, not boxed — ... « . ....do...
to 12
12
12
12
50
60
12
06
03
1 00
25
12
06
25
12
12
12
12
50
I 00
12
25
50
18
1 00
1
1
00
00
25
04
|0 12
04
50
25
12
12
12
06
12
06
1 00
25
50
06
50
06
06
06
12
06
1 00
25
12
I
1
00
00
25
25
12
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL CfOUKTRIES. 527
ProTisions in oases. ( See Cases. )
Pulleys, assorted, not boxed per dozen.. |0 06
Qnittennes. (See Carriages.)
Kice, in hogsheads, tierces, half-tieroes, and in bags. ..per hundred- weight.. 12
Wheels:
Of wagons, detached per pair.. 40
Of oarriaffes do.... 25
Rolls. (See Linen drapery.)
SacKk, empty, not packed per hundred.. 25
Salt provisions per tierce.. 18
Do per barrel.. 12
Do do 06
Provisions, in firkins or cases of 12 flasks ^ 04
Soapj in cases per hnndred-weight.. 12
Writing-desks, portable, of mahogany or other wood each. . 04
Bird-organs do.... 04
Forge-bellows, not packed do.... 25
Batchers' bellows, not packed per hundred- weight.. 12
Tobacco, in twist, not packed : do.... 12
Tables of every kind each.. 12
Sifters, of wool or pewter • per dozen.. 25
Earthenware :
In honbeads each.. 50
In baskets or crates do.... 36
In bulk per 100 pieces.. 1 00
Tierces. (See articles therein contained.)
Linen drapery per hogshead.. 50
Do per tierce.. 18
Drapery, such as colette, wrapper, and other, not packed per roll. . 04
Sheet iron per hundred- weight.. 06
Rubbish-carts each.. 1 00
Backgammon-boards do 25
Files per thousand.. 50
Vermicelli, macaroni, and other pastes, in cases or baskets.per hund.-weight . . 12
Wine:
In barrels of 55 to 60 gallons each.. |0 25
In barrelsof more than 60 gallons '..do.... 50
In tierces do.... 18
In cases of 12 bottles, 12 fiasks, or 30 vials do.... 6
In doable cases 1 do.... 12
Vinegar :
In barrelsof 55 to 60 gallons per barrel.. 25
In demi^ohosof 4 gallons each.. 6
In den4johns of less than 4 gallons do.... 3
In jars per Jar.. 4
In cases of 12 flasks per case.. 4
Carriages:
Coaches, cal^eches, cabs, quitterines, carryalls, and tillburys each.. 2 00
For children, on springs do 25
Whisky :
In casks of 60 gallons each.. 25
In cases of more than 60 gallons do.... 50
In cases or Jues the case or 12iuffs..
Zinc in sheets, and nails per hundred- weight..
6
6
Tariff No. 4.— DUTIES OF WEIGHING.
The duties of weighing, for imports, shall be collected upon all merchandise which is
sold by the pound, the hundred-weight, or the ton, whatever may be the designa-
tion oi said merchandise, at the rate of fifty cents per each thousand, to wit, $0.50.
Tariff No. 5.— FOUNTAIN DUTIES.
Fountain dues, where there is a fountain for the accommodation of vessels of com-
merce:
Foreaoh vessel of 15 to50 tons |2 00
For each vessel of 51 to 100 tons 3 00
For each vessel of 101 to 150 tons , 4 50
For each vessel of 151 to 250 tons ;. 6 00
For each vessel of 251 to 300 tons 7 50
Foreaoh vessel above 300 tons »••.••• 10 00
528 TABIFP8 *0F THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
MODIFICATIONS OF TARIFF.
NOTES.
Where merchandise is of finer qnality and larger size than that designated in the
tariff, dnty shall be charged in such manner as to accord with its quality or sise, pro-
Jortioned to the duty fixed by the tariff. (Article 24, third parag^raph of the law of
uly 1, 1871.)
A surtax of fifty per cent, upon the established duties upon imports ; of weighing:
and of wharfage : of imi>orts, and upon the established diity of tonnage is collected
and credited to tne Caisse of Amortissemeut. (Law of November 17, 1^6.)
A surtax of twenty per cent, upon exports is collected and credited to the Caisse of
Amortissemeut. (Law of November 17, 1876.
HAYTIAV TAHTTF CHAH0E8.
REPORT BY CONSUL QOVTIER, OF CAPE HATTIEN.
The Haytian legislatare at their extraordlDary session enacted a law
diminishing the export duties on coffee 33^ per cent. As the coffee crop
is 600,000«000 i)onnds, and the dnties $3 per 1(K) pounds, this makes
$1,800,000, one-third of which is $600,000, revenue which the Oovern-
ment relinquishes; but to equilibrate this, 33^ per cent, has been added
to all importations.
Inclosure No. 1 will show the mode of calculating the duties, with the
33^ per cent, additioual.
No. 2 shows the heavy port charges.
I have selected, jpro/orma, a vessel of 400 tons. Omitting the charges
for throwing away the ballast, at 25 cents per ton of ballast, the port
charges amount to $1,141, and should, as some of our merchants sup-
pose, the 33^ per cent, be added to the tonnage dues of vessels it will
augment this sum $133.34, making a total of $1,274.34.
1 caUed this morning on the minister of war, and told him that
although I know that it regards the minister of finances, still I desired
to speak to him, informally^ concerning the 33^ per cent, on vessels,
which, I thought, would be a heavy additional tax should the new law
on importations be so construed as to include them.
He replied that he did not think that the new law affects vessels; still
I should bear in mind that he only expressed a personal opinion.
STANISLAS QOUTIEB;
Consul.
United States Consulate,
Cape Eaytien^ March 28, 1883.
No. 1,—Mode of computing the import duties in Hayti on and after April 1, 1883, uflien the
new tariff which adds 33^ per cent, on all importatione will became effective (vir, 33 per
cent, on first duty).
One barrel of pork :
First dnty on 1 barrel pork $1 50
Wharfage per barrel - 12
Total first dnty 1 62
50 per cent, additional 61
33| per cent; additional on |1.02 54
# — ^-^1—
Dnties on 1 barrel x>ork ^ 2 97
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL CbUNTRIES. 529
One hundred pounds of lard :
First duty on 100 pounds lard $1 00
Wharfage on 1 box lard 12
Weighing 100 pounds 5
Total first duty ....: 1 17
50 percent, additional 59
'33^ per cent, additional on $1.17 39
Duties on 100 pounds lard, 2.15 cents per pound 2 15
One bale of denims, 500 yards=400 ells :
First duty on 400 ells denims, at 2^ cents 10 00
Wharfage on 1 bale denims, at 2^ cents 25
Total first duty 10 25
50 per cent, additional ." 5 13
33^ per cent, additional on $10.25 3 42
Duties on 400 ells denims, 4.70 cents per ell 16 80
^0. 2. — Part charges an a vessel af 400 tans at Cape Haytien,
First duty, viz, $1 per ton |400 00
50 i)er cent, additional .• 200 00
600 00
Inward pilotage (pilot's share) $8 00
Look-out man (man's share) 1 00
Inward pilotage (Government's share) $8 00
Look-out man (Government's share) 1 00
9 00
20 x>er cent, additional 1 80
10 80
Outward pilotage (pilot's share) 5 00
Outward pilotage (Government's share) 5 00
20 x>er cent, additional 1 00
6 00
30 80
Inteipreter 2 00
fitanip paper 10 50
Health ofl&cer (doctor's share) 8 00
Health oflScer (Government's share) 8 00
50 per cent, additional 4 00
12 00
20 00
Custom-house clerk to seal hatches 5 00
Fountain (when there is water running) 10 00
Clearance at the custom-house 5 00
Clearance at the Administration of Finances 5 00
Clearance at the Bureau du Port and at Bureau de la Place 2 70
12 70
691 00
N. B.— The vessel pays 25 cents i>er ton to the captain of the port for dis-
charging her ballast.
The vessel paying her own port oharices pays for lighters to convey the log-
wood at the rate of 50 cents per 1,000 pounds French weight ; consequently
a vessel of 400 tons loading 900,000 pounds pays for lighters 450 00
1,141 oa
The new tariff which addsSS^ per cent, on all importations on and after April
1 proximo will be added to the first duty of |1 per ton, viz, 33^ i>er cent,
on 1400 133 34
Total port charges according to the new tariff 1,274 34
1784 CONG — ^A P 34
530 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTEIES.
CUBA.
DUTIES OH IMPORTS AHD WHOLESALE aUOTATIOHS.
REPORT BY CONSUL ROOSEYSLT, OF MATANZA8.
(Besides the duties marked in this review, an addition of 25 per cent*
is paid on all imported articles as war contribution. All duties are pay-
able in Spanish gold.)
Apples: 2^ cents per kilogram under the Spanish flag, and 3^ cents
per kilogram under foreign flag; quoted at $5 and $6 per barrel, gold.
Beaus: duty, $2.15 per 100 kilograms; quoted at 22 and 22^ reales
per arrobe, paper.
Brooms : duty, $8 per 100 kilograms ; quoted at $4J to $8^ per dozen
in paper, according to quality.
Butter: duty, $11.50 per 100 kilograms; quoted at $63 to $68 i)er cwt,
paper, according to class and packages.
Candles: duty, $13 per kilogram, composition and sperm; quoted at
$28 and $29 per cwt., in paper.
Cheese: duty, $11,80 per 100 kilograms on Dutch, and on American
$8.26 per 100 kilograms; flat and round, quoted at $56 and $58 per cwt.
in paper.
Chewing tobacco: duty, $14 per 100 kilograms; quoted at $51 and $55
per cwt., according to quality.
Clear pork: duty, $8.25 per 100 kilograms; quoted at $30 to $30} per
cwt. for ribs, and $31 for shoulders.
' Coal oil : duty, $1.40 per 100 kilograms ; quoted at 10 reales per arrobe,
paper.
Crackers: duty, 4} cents per kilogram; common classes quoted from
14 to 20 reales for small tins.
Salt fish: duty, $3.80 per 100 kilograms; quoted for cod, $14 per cwt
and $12 to $13 per cwt. for hake and haddock, paper.
Corn: duty, $1.40 per 100 kilograms; quoted at 10 reales per arrobe.
Flour: duty, from Spain in Spanish vessels, $2.25; for Spanish in for-
eign vessels, $4.50; from foreign countries in Spanish vessels, $4.62};
from foreign countries in foreign vessels, $5.51 per 100 kilograms, in-
cluding the weight of the barrel; quoted at $27} to $28 per barrel and
at $26} in bags; American, from $30} to 31 per barrel, and &om $28} to
$29} in bags, according to brands, paper.
Hams: duty, $8.35 per 100 kilograms for American,* and $19.30 for
Westphalia, per 100 kilograms; quoted at $30 and $40 for middling and
good classes.
Hay : duty, $1 per 100 kilograms ; quoted from $9.50 to $10 per Ameri-
can bale, paper.
Smoked herrings: duty, $2.45 per 100 kilograms; quoted at 7} and 8
reales per box, ]>aper.
Lard: duty, $9.75 per 100 kilograms; quoted at $34} to 34f per cwt.
in tierces; whole tins at $38 and $38} per cwt.; halves and quarters at
$39} and $40 per cwt., paper.
Oats and bran: duty, per Spanish flag, 11 to 20 cents per 100 kilo-
grams, and per foreign. $1.40 per 100 kilograms; oats quoted at $6} per
bag; bran, at $5} per oag, pax)er.
* Although the consul has giveu the duty ou American hams at $8.35 per 100 kilo-
grams, It evidently should be $18.35 per 100 kilograms.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 531.
OuioDs: duty, $1.40 per 100 kilograms; quoted at $6^ per cwt. paper.
Oysters: duty, $24 per 100 kilograms; quoted at $ll| and $12 per
box, paper.
Paper: duty, $3.80 per 100 kilograms^ quoted, American straw yellovr
])aper at 82 to 8J reales per ream ; Belgian, from 8 to 8^ reales per ream ;
Manila, 10 to lOJ reales per ream, paper.
Pickles: IC^^ cents per kilogram; quoted from $5 to $13 pef box, ac~
cording to quality and size of bottles, paper.
Potatoes: duty, $1.40 per 100 kilograms; quoted from $9 to $9.50 per
barrel, paper.
Salt: duty, $2.37 per 100 kilograms for fine, and $1.18 for coarse^
quoted ft'om $7.50 to $7.75 per 200 pounds.
Coals : duty, 60 cents per 1,000 kilograms; quoted from $6J to $7 per
ton gold.
Lumber: duty, $6.40 per 1,000 superficial feet; quoted at $30 per M^
gold, for white pine boards, and $30 to $30J per M, gold, for pitch pine
lumber.
GEORGE W. ROOSEVELT,
OonmL
United States Consulate, .
MatanzaSy January 31, 1881.
PORTO RICO.
TAEIFF AND TARIFF BEOUTATIONS OF POETO EIGO.
REPORT BY COMMERCIAL AGENT HUBBARD, OF MATAQUEZ.
The entire tariff of import and export duties of this island has been
remodeled, the system itself being completely changed, and now duties
are paid principally upon weight and measurement instead of ad valorem
BA formerly.
1 therefore add to the usual tables one of comparative duties, whiclx
1 inclose herewith, marked E, which states —
The duties under former tariff*.
The duties under present tariff.
The difference between the former and present tariff*.
The present duties under Spanish flag.
By this table it will be seen that for a number of articles of ordinary
consumption importeil from the United States, the present tariff is favor-
able to importers and consumers, but for butter, cheese, grindstones,
codfish, herrings, shingles, and leaf tobacco a considerable increases
has been imposed, while for pork and crackers, or biscuits, the new
duties are enormous, and for manufactured tobacco it is so high that ib
amounts to a prohibition.
This tariff is much opposed to the interests of this colony-. Some
articles which could easily have supported their former duties were
reduced without reason, wiiile others that are of first importance were
almost unaccountably increased. As an instance of this latter, 1 will
name empty coffee bags, which are of absolute necessity for the export
of the crops of coffee. These bags are largely imported from England
and Germany, where they cost, according to quality, say about 12 cents
each. The former duties amounted to not quite 3 cents each, while under
tha present tariff they have to pay about 15 cents.
632 TARIFFS OF TDE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
In fact, there are so many iDCongruities in the new tariff that a com-
mittee has been formed, and is now sitting at St. John's, to investigate
and note all complaints and advocate the settlement of this much-vexe^
question, so that the interests of the Government and the commerce
may agree as nearly as possible.
This committee will remain in permanence until the 1st of April next,
when their report will be made and sent to the home Grovernment for
its decision ; meanwhile our local government seems anxions to Hid
commercial interests in the matter, and all mail matter addressed to
committee from any part of the colony is allowed to be sent free of
lK)8tage.
Various changes have been made in the system of stamps and stamped
paper, to go into effect on the 1st of January next ; but this will affect
legal matters principally, except in regard to books kept by merchants,
on which heavy stamp duties will be enforced on all books commenced
after that date. When the system goes into effect, the stamp tax will
amount to $100 to $300 yearly on mercantile houses here, according to
their importance.
FOES.
It is much to be regretted that the extremely vexatious and costly
fines to masters of vessels for faults and errors in their manifests can-
not be done away with, but as long as the present system exists, by
which the revenue clerk or official who discovers the error or default
participates directly in the amount of the fine, they will be continued,
and the only way to avoid them is by the exactitude and correctness of
the manifests.
Under the new tariff, the duties being calculated principally by weight,
the gross weight in kilograms of all goods shipped should be correctly
stated, and the merchant or banker having in charge the making up of
the manifests should be impressed with the importance of his duty and
take particular pains to give an exact statement of the gross weight of
every article in Spanish kilograms. I further recommend that any
articles on which there is any doubt should be weighed before going
into the ship and the exact weights inserted in the manifests.
Two cases of fines have lately come to my knowledge officially, which
will serve to illustrate this subject: The American schooner Buth Dar-
ling arrived here from Jacksonville on the 31st of October last, with
about 160,000 feet of pitch-pine lumber; the calculation should have
been 2 kilograms per foot of lumber, making 320,000 kilograms ; instead,
however, of following this rule, which is well known, or ought to be, in
every port from which pitch-pine lumber is shipped for Port Bico, the
party who made the manifest of the cargo in Jacksonville calculated
half a kilogram per foot, making 80,000 kilograms instead of 320,000.
In this case it was probably not the intention of the party in question
to defraud the Government, but it appeared so. The vessel was fined
$400 Spanish gold, besides having to pay tonnage duty on 320,000 kilo-
grams, and not on 80,000.
The American brig Florence J. Henderson arrived in Agaadilla in
November from New York with 5,125 sugar shooks and heads, part for
that port and part for this, the manifest for which was made for some
90J900 kilograms less than the actual weight.
The vessel was fined in conformity with the new tariff about $550 in
Aguadilla, and would have been subjected to the same fine here, making
a total of $1,100 which the master would have had to pay.
In both cases I took the proper steps to intercede with the Govern-
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 533
ment for the remission of these fines, guaranteeing the honesty and
non-intent of fraud of the parties interested, and that the mistakes
occurred solely from negligence or ignorance on the part of those who
made up the manifests for the masters.
The data were placed in the hands of Consul Conroy at St. Johu's,
and it is owing solely to his zeal and tact that the Government con-
sented to release those vessels from the penalty, the fine on the Ruth
Darling having been .waived altogether, and that of the Henderson re-
duced to $50.
GORHAM E. HUBBARD,
Commei'cial Agent.
United States Commercial Agency,
Mayaguezy December 31, 1881.
NEW PROVIDENCE.
TABIFF LAWS OF THE COLONY OF NEW PEOVIDENGE.
REPORT BT CONSUL M'LAIN, OF NASSAU.
I have the honor to say that, in compliance with the request contained
in your circular dispatch of December 1, 1881, received by the last mail,
I have this day forwarded you a printed pamphlet containing, among
other matters, the specific information you desired touching the tariff
laws and rates of duty as they now exist within this colony.
These items will be found on pages 41 to 49 inclusive, and this is the
only shape (aside from the balky volume of Bahama's Statutes) in which
the tariff* laws and rates of import and export duties of this colony ap-
pear in print, and I trust it may prove satisfactory to the Department.
THOMAS J. MoLAIN, Jb.,
Consul,
United States Consulate,
Nassauj January 2, 1882.
THE TARIFF.
Table of import duHes,
Per act 39 Vic, cap. 1. (Continaed for three years by 43 Vic, cap. 2.)
£ 8, d.
Alcohol perffallon.. 0 4 0
Ale and i>orter, in wood do 0 0 6
Ale and i>orter (in bottles), qaarts per dozen.. 0 10
Apples porbarrel.. 0 2 6
Beans and pease perboshel.. 0 0 3
Biscuit and bread, fancy per lOOpoonds.. 0 4 0
Biscnit and bread, common ^ per barrel.. 0 2 0
Brandy pergallon.. 0 9 2
Butter perpound.. 0 0 0
Cabbages per 100.. 0 4 2
Calves each.. 0 6 0
Candles, sperm, wax, and adamantine, or any composition of tallow and
other substances per 100 pounds.. 0 11 0
Candles, tallow do 0 6 0
534 TARIFFS OF THE filEVERAL COUNTRIES.
jC. s. d,
Cattle, cows, balls, and oxen each . . 0 10 0
"Olieese * per 100 jiounds. . 0 10 0
CJider, in wood )
Oider, in bottles (quarts) > 20 per cent, ad Talorem.
'Cider, champagne )
Oigars, 15 per cent, ad valorem, and per thousand 0 8 0
Cocoa per 100 pounds.. 0 3 0
Coffee do 0 8 0
Colts and foals ... .' *. each.. 100
Copper and yellow metals in sheets, copper and comi>06ition bolt« and
nails per 100 pounds.. 0 7 6
Cordials, 20 per cent, ad valorem. •
Corn perbusbel.. 0 0 3
Corn meal and hominy per barrel.. 0 2 0
Currants, figs, and raisins per 100 pounds . . 0 8 0
Dogs each.. 0 10 0
Fish, dried or salted per 100 pounds. . 0 2 6
Fish, pickled salmon, mackerel, and shad per barrel . . 0-4 6
FMsh, herrings, ale wives, and other kinds not enumerated do 0 4 *6
Flonr(wheat) do 0 5 0
Flourrrye) do 0 2 0
Cin, whisky, and other spirits not enumerated per gallon . . 0 3 9
Coats each.. 0 2 0
Cnnpowder per pound . . 0 0 6
Hay per 100 pounds.. 0 10
Honey and simp X>er gallon.. 0 0 2
Horses, mares, and geldings each.. 10 0
Hulks, and materials of vessels, 20 per cent, ad valorem.
Xard t perpound.. 0 0 1
Xiumber perMieet.. 0 10 0
3ieat, poultry, and game, fresh on ice per 100 pounds.. 0 6 0
3ieat salted or cured do 0 6 0
IMolasses per gallon . . 0 0 2J
ilules and asses each.. 0 10 0
INailsofiron per 100 pounds.. 0 3 0
Oats and bran per bushel . . 0 0 3
Oils, kerosene, linseed, and qther kinds unenumerated, except essential
oils pergallou.. 0 0 7^
Oils,olive,8perm,lard,naphtha,and all other fluids used forburoing. do 0 10
Pitch, rosin, and tar per barrel . . 0 13
Potatoes, onions, and other vegetables do 0 10
Prunes per 100 pounds . . 0 10 0
Uico do 0 2 0
Hum, stronger than 18 per babble per gallon . . 0 4 6
Hum, 18 and not weaker than 24 per bubble do 0 3 9
Hum, weaker than 24 per bubble do 0 3 0
Sheep each.. 0 2 0
•IShingles, cypress perM.. 0 2 6
Shingles, not cypress do 0 2 0
Soap, common washing per 100 pounds.. 0 5 0
■Sugar, unretined do 0 5 6
Sugar, white clayed do 0 10 0
•Su^ar, refined ^do 0 12 6
•Swiue do 0 2 6
Tallow do 0 3 0
Tea of all sorts perpound.. 0 10
Tobacco, manufactured per 100 pounds.. 1 10 0
Tobacco, unmanufactured do 0 11 3
Turpentine perbarrel.. 0 13
Turpentine, spirits of do 0 0 3
Wines of all kinds 20 per cent, ad valorem, and per gaUon . . 0 2 0
Articles not enumerated, except such as are comprised in the table of exemptions,
SO per cent, ad valorem.
Provided^ alwaySy That articles herein made subject on regular importation to the
tfbbovc ad valorem duty, when not originally shipped with the intention of being
tjronjrht into this colony, however subsequently they may be imported, and when the
requisite information for i>erfect entry of the same as to the cost or value in the coun-
try of production or place at which they were originally shipped cannot be ascer-
tained or obtained, shall, in lieu of such duty, be charged a duty of 25 per centum
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 535
on the Talne at the port of entry, or on the price which they shall realize at auction
when sold and delivered for consumption therein, at the option of the importer, agent,
or consignee.
II. That all articles specified in the following table of exemptions be imported
without the payment of any duties whatsoever :
TABLE OF EXEMPnOXS.
Articles imported or supplied out of a bonded warehouse for the imperial or colonial
service.
Articles of every description imported or supplied from a bonded warehouse for the
ase of the governor or officer administering the government.
Bulbs ana roots, seeds of all kinds, shrubs, and trees imported for planting, birds,
bullion, cocoa-nuts, coin, copper and composition, old, fit only to be remanufac-
tured ; cotton, wool, dye-woods and stufi's, anddivi-divi ; flax, hemp, ice, iron, old, fit
only to be remanufactured ; lignum-vitsD, mahogany ; manure of all kinds ; maps,
niettaline ores, oakum, ova of fish, passengers' baggage, philosophical instruments
and apparatus, printed books and pamphlets ; provisions and stores of every descrip-
tion imported or supplied from a bonded warehouse for the use of Her Migesty's land
and sea forces ; raw hides, specimens of natural history, mineralogy, or botany, steam
machines or engines, or any parts thereof, of every description and for whatever use
Intended; iron rails and sleepers, used in the construction of railways and tram-
"ways I boilers, mills, and parts of mills intended to be used in the making of sugar or
grinding of salt; stills ana boilers for the distillation of tnrpentine or otner spirits;
staves, beads, and hoops used in the construction of barrels or other packages for the
exportation of spirits of turpentine or other spirits ; iron screw piles used in the con-
struction of wharv'es ; cotton gins, tortoise shell, tow, turtle, and fresh fish, not pre-
served in any way ; wax, woods, cedar aud yellow ; coal, sponge, patent steering
machines, spars, windlasses and capstans.
Provided alwaySj That if metalline orcH, raw hides, dye-woods and stuffo, divi-divi,
mahogany, lignum-vitse, cedar and yellow wood ; wax, hemp, flax, iron, cottonwood
or tortoise shell, proposed to be exempt from import duties, shall be brought other-
wise than by regular importation into any port or place of this colony and sold at
public auction, whether such sale shall take place by order of a court of law or
otberwiBe, there shall be imposed and paid upon the gross amount of such sales, in
xiddition to any other auction duty chargeable on such sale, an auction duty or tax of
Xf) per centum ; and the vendue master or marshal, selling any such goods, shall re-
tain such duty of £5 per centum out of the gross sales of the goods so sold by him,
und shall forthwith pay the same over to the receiver-general or other proper receiver ;
And if such vendue master or officer shall neglect to retain such duty, or having re-
tained the said duty shall neglect to pay the same over as aforesaid, every such ven-
due master or officer sball be personally liable therefor ; and the same may be recovered
against him by action of debt in any court having jurisdiction to the amount.
III. That the words '^ provisions aud stores," in the second* section of this act men-
tioned as being exempted from the payment of duty, when imported for the use of
Jler Majesty's land and sea forces, shall not extend or apply to cattle or other live
stock imi>orted by any contractor for the supply of fresh meat to Her Msgesty's said
forces, all which cattle aud other live-stock sball be liable to the payment of the
duties by this act imposed. Andjrrovided also, and be it enacted, That it shall not be
lawful for the receiver-general and treasurer, or collectors of revenue, as the case may
be, tft allow any provisions, spirits, or other stores imported or supplied, as aforesaid,
for the use of Her Majesty's lana or sea forces to be lauded or taken out of a bonded
warehouse as free of duty, except iu the name of the senior officer of the commissariat
department, or the quartermaster or other proper garrison or regimental officer, or the
purser or proper naval officer, as the case may be.
IV. That if any provision, spirits, or other stores as aforesaid, imported or taken out
of bond as for the use of Her Majesty's land or sea forces, shall be afterwards applied
to any other use than the one mentioned in the entry, order of delivery, or other docu-
ment, under the authority of which the same were landed or taken out of bond as free
of duty, the officer in whose name the same were so landed or taken out of bond, or in
case of bis death or removal, the officer succeeding him in the same department, shall
be liable for all duties due ou the same, or on such part thereof as shall be so otherwise
applied as aforesaid, and the said duties shall be recovered and applied in the same
and the like manner as other duties imposed by this act are directed to be recovered
and applied.
V. That if anv provisions, spirits, or other stores so landed, or taken out of bond as
aforesaid, shall be clandestinely sold, or otherwise disposed of, other than to the use
of Her Majesty's land or sea forces, every person concerned in such clandestine sale or
disposiil, shall forfeit and pay treble the value of the articles so clandestinely sold or
536 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
disposed of, and all sach articles bball be liable to seizure and condemDation, one
moiety of whieb said forfeitore sball be paid into tbe public treasury towards the
support of tbis government^ and tbe other *^/o the person buing for tbe same, and shall
be sued for and recovered in tbe general court of these islands.
VI. That there shall be imposed and paid upon the gross amount of sales of all
property disposed of at public auction by order of the court of vioe-admiralty an aac-
tion duty, or tax of £2 per centum ; and* tbe marshal or other duly authorized person,
selling any sucb property at public auction as aforesaid, shall retain sncli duty of £2
l>er centum out oi tbe gross sales thereof and shall forthwith pay tbe same over to the
receiver-general or other proper receiver, and if such marshal or other duly authorized
person as aforesaid, shall neglect to retain sucb duty, or having retained the said
duty, sball neglect to pay the same over as aforesaid, every sucb marshal or other duly
authorized officer shall be personally liable therefor, and the same may be recovered
against him by action of debt in any court having jurisdiction t-o the amount.
VII. The acts, 17 Victoria, chapter 2; 37 Victona, chapter 7; :Y7 Victoria, chapter
8; and 38 Victoria, chapter 22, sball be, and the same are hereby, repealed.
VIII. That this act shall continue in force for and during the period of three years,
and from thence to the end of the then next session of assembl v.
By tbe act to encourage tbe establishment of manufactures for preserving and pack-
ing fruit and other articles of colonial production (39 Vic, c. IS), the various articles
specified in the schedule thereto may to imported without payment of duty.
Export Duty.
(Per 40 Vic, cap. 7.)
I. There shall be levied and paid to the use of Her Majesty, her heirs and successors,
towards the support of the government of these islands, an export duty at and Bfter
the rate of 28, per ton, on all guano, cave or other earths which may be hereafter ex-
ported from these islands.
II. Where the actual quantity of guano, cave or other earths shipped on board of
any vessel for exportation from the colony can be ascertained and shown to the satis-
faction of the proper revenue officer of the port at which such vessel shall be cleared,
the duty imposed by this act shall be levied and collected on such ascertained quan-
tity; but where the quantity so shipped cannot be ascertained and shown to the
satisfaction of tbe said revenue officer, then, and in such case only, the n>gistered
tonnage of any vessel in which such guano or other earths as aforesaid shall be ex-
X>orted, shall be taken to be the number of tons of guano or earths exported in such
vessels, whether the quantity actually taken on board be in excess or less than such
registered tonnage.
III. There shall be levied and paid upon the exportation to any port or place within
the limits of the government, of aU articles (except as hereinafter mentioned), which
have been brougnt or imported into any port within the colony from beyond the
limits thereof, and upon which no duties other than warehouse duty, auction tax, or
auction duty, shall have been levied and paid upon the original entry, or importation
thereof, an export duty of 1^ per centum on the value thereof.
IV. That such duty as last aforesaid shall be paid by tbe original consignee or
pgeut of sucb articles, before the vessel in which they are shipped for exportation
shall leave the port, and if not so paid may be recovered from sucn consignee or agent
in an action of debt, at tbe suit of the officer to whom the same is by this act'made
payable in any court having jurisdiction to the amount, and it shall also be lawful
for such officer to detain and refuse to clear out the vessel in which such articles are
intended to be exported until such duty is paid.
V. That export duty shall not be levied under this act on any cargo of any vessel
which may arrive at or put into any port of the colony in distress.
VI. The articles specified in tbe following table of exemptions shall be exported
without the payment of any export duty.
TABLE OF EXEMPTIONS.
Articles which have been imported for the colonial service and Imperial light-house
service and exported by the government ; articles which have been imported for the
use and accommodation of any officer of Her Majesty's army and navy on full pay and
doing duty within these islands, and exported by such officer ; articles of every de-
scription which may be exported by tbe governor or officer administering tbe ^vern-
ment ; passengers' baggage, turtle, woods — such as brazilletto, cedar, fustic, lignum-
vitip, satin, logwood, mahogany, and ebony— -old iron, old copper and brass, speoie^
old rags, old junk.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 537
VII. The duties by this act imposed Hball be collected and received by the prope
officers of the revenue department, and the payment thereof enforced under the pro-
visions of the revenue consolidated act, 1873.
VIII. This act may be cited as " The export duty act, 1877."
The following acts and parts of acts shall be, and the same are hereby, repealed :
First, thirteenth, and fifteenth sections 22 Victoria, chapter 25; 38 Victoria, chapter
3^ ; and 39 Victoria, chapter 2.
Tonnage Duty.
(Per 43 Victoria, cap. 3.)
I. From and after the commencement of this act, and during its continuance, the
following rates of tonnage shall be imposed, levied, and paid on vessels, except such
as are hereinafter excepted, arriving at any port within these islands from any port or
place without the limits of this government, and on goods imported in such vessel;,
that is to say :
On every vessel arriving with cargo intended to be discharged within the colony,
and exceeding in measurement or weight one-half of the tonnage of the vessel, 1«. for
each and every ton of the proper measurement of such vessel.
On every vessel arriving wholly or only partially laden, and from which any portion,
of the cargo, not exceeding in measurement or weight one-half of the tonnage of the
vessel, is intended to be discharged within the colony. Id. for each and every ton of
the ascertained tonnage of such vessel, and If. per ton measurement or weight of the
goods landed from such vessel.
On every vessel arriving in ballast or with cargo not intended to be discharged
within the colony. Id. for each and every ton of the proper measurement of the vessel.
Provided, That the following vessels shall be excepted and exempted from the pay-
ment of the tonnage dues by this action imposed, that is to say :
EXEBIPTIONS.
All vessels of war, transports, and other vessels employed solely on government
service.
All vessels employed under contract with the Bahama Government in the convey-
ance of mails.
Vessels exclusively encaged in turtling, sponging, or fishing.
Vessels employed in pleasuring only.
II. From and after the commencement of the act, and during its continuance, the
following rates of tonnage shall be imposed, levied, and paid on vessels, except such
as are hereinafter excepted, clearing from any port of the colony for any port or place
without the limits of the government, and on goods exported in such vessels; that is-
to say :
On every vessel clearing with outward cargo laden within the colony, other than
Bait or fruit, exceeding one-half of the ascertained tonnage of the vessel, 1«. for each,
and every ton of the proper measurement of such vessel.
On every vessel clearing with outward cargo ladeh within the colony, other than
salt or fruit, not exceeding in measurement or weight one-half of the ascertained
tonnage of the vessel, and whether any portion of the inward cargo is still laden on
board or not. Id. for each and every ton of the proper tonnage of such vessel, and 1«.
per ton measurement or weight of the goods so shipped or exported.
On every vessel clearinu^ in ballast, or with salt or fruit, or salt and fruit, and with
or without any portion of her inward cargo still beinc laden on board. Id. for each,
and every ton of the proper measurement of such vessel.
EXEMPTIONS.
All vessels of war, transports, and other vessels employed solely in government
service.
All vessels employed under contract with the Bahama Government in the convey-
ance of mails.
Vessels exclusively engaged in turtling, sponging, or fishing.
Vessels employed in pleasuring only.
All vessels arriving in the colony with cargo and-departiug thence with the same^
inward cargo, without taking on board finy other cargo, the inward tonnage duty on.
such vessel! having been paid.
III. In the measurement of goods eight fiour barrels shall be computed as equal to-
one ton or 40 cubic feet, and other articles or packages shall be computed in like
ft38 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
•
proportion, or l>y the ton weight in the case of metals or other heavy articles for
which freight by weight is usually charged.
IV. The word ''fruit'' as used herein, shall not be construed to include or com--
prise preserved fraits of any description.
y. The duties by this act imposed shall be collected and received by the proper
officers of the revenue departmeul; of the colony, and the collection thereof shall
be enforced under the powers of the law for the time being in force for regulating
the trade of the Bahama Islands; and such duties, when received, shall be applied
towards the support of Her Majesty's government in the colony as may be provided
for by any act or acts of the general assembly of these islands now or hereafter to be
in force.
VI. This act may for all purposes be cited as the ''Tonnage act, 1H80."
VII. This act shall continue in force for five years, and from thence to the end of
the then next session of assembly, daring which period the act of assembly of the
thirty-second year of Her Majesty's reign, chapter 22, shall be suspended.
All vessels engaged in taking away an entire cargo consisting of preserved fruits,
^c, packed at manufactories established under the authority of act 39 Vic, c. 18,
4ind all vessels arriving \\ith an entire cargo consisting of materials for building
sheds or factories, and articles to be used in such manufactories.
Under the act 41 Vic, c. 2, vessels bringing entire cargoes of coal for. the use of any
steam-packet company, and merchandise for transshipment on board their vessels, or
entire cargoes of coal or merchandise as aforesaid, are exempted from tonnage dues.
Under the act 43 Vic, cap. 5, steamers are exempted from the payment of tonnage
duties.
Light D'jbs.
By the act 38 Vic, c. 23, a light duty of 3d. per ton is imposed on all vessels, save
and except those hereinafter excepted, arriving at the i>ort of Nassau from any port
or place without the limits of the colony.
EXEMPTIONS.
Ships of war.
Vessels employed in the service of the board of trade.
Vessels employed, under contract with the Bahama Government, in the conveyance
of mails.
Vessels belonging to the Royal Tacht Squadron.
Vessels exclusively engaged in turtling, sponging, or fishing.
Vessels engaged in pleasuring only.
Vessels arriving with an entire cargo, (consisting of materials for building sheds or
factories, and articles to be used in manufactories established under the authority of
act 39 Vic, c 18.
Registry Fee.
By 43 Vic, cap. 4, a fee is charged on all vessels, except those built in the Bahamas
or previously registered at the port of Nassau, obtaining a register of Is, per ton.
\V*AREHOU6E CHARGES.
By 43 Vic, cap. 4, a tax of lOs. for every hundred pounds is charged on the value
of nil goods imported and warehoused in a bonded warehouse.
Auction Duty.
By 17 Vic, cap. 2, a tax of £5 per ccutum is charged on the proceeds of sale at
public auction of ceilain articles brought into the colony otherwise than by regular
importation and not liable to import duty.
Pierage, Storage, and Scaleage Rates.
RATES OF pierage PER DAY.
By 37 Vic, cap. 14, the following fees are charged on all vessels discharging and
lading cargoes at au}*^ public abutment, wharf, or extended slip in Nassau, or at any
other port within the colony :
£, #. d.
For ©very vessel of the burden of 20 tons and under per day . . 0 4 0
For every vessel over 20 tons and not exceeding 30 tons do.... 0 5 0
For every vessel over 30 tons and not exceeding 40 tons do.. .. 0 6 0
£.
t. ^
i.
0
7
0
0
8
0
0
10
0
0
12
0
0
14
0
0
16
0
0
18
0
1
0
0
1
2
6
1
5
0
0
Oi
0
Oi
0
1
0
u
0
2
0
3
0
4
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 539
For every vessel over 40 tons and not exceeding 50 tons per day . .
For every vessel over 50 tons and not exceeding 60 tons do
For every vessel over 60 tons and not exceeding 70 tons do
For every vessel over 70 tons and not exceeding 80 tons do
For every vessel over 80 tons and not exceed Ing 90 tons do
For every vessel over 90 tons and not exceeding 100 tons do
For every vessel over 100 tons and not exceeding 150 tons do
For every vessel over 150 tons and not exceeding 200 tons do
For every vessel over 200 tons and not exceeding 250 tons do
For every vessel over 250 tons and not exceeding 300 tons do....
On every additional ton, Id, per ton.
RATES OF STORAGE PER WEEK.
All packages measuring less than 2 cnbio feet 0
All packages measuring 2 cubic feet and less than 5 cubic feet 0
All packages measuring 5 cubic feet and less than 10 cubic feet 0
All packages measuring 10 cubic feet and less than 15 cubic feet 0
All packages measuring 15 cubic feet and less than 20 cubic feet 0
All packages measuring 20 cubic feet and less than 30 cubic feet 0
All packages measuring 30 cubic feet 0
And Id. for every additional 10 feet.
Barrels containing wines, spirits, oils, and other liquids in bulk, pickled
meats or fish, honey and unrefined sugar, and other packages containing
articles liable to leak or drain, measuring 5 and not more than 10 cubic
feet 0 0 li
Half-barrels, same ..: 0 0 Of
Barrels containing flour, meal, bread, &c ....'. 0 0 1
Half-barrels containing flour, meal, bread, &c 0 0 0^
Hogsheads containing sugar.' 0 0 9
Hogsheads containing molasses, for the ^ound tier If., with the option to
the party storing of storing a second tier, 6d., and third tier 0 0 3
Puncheons and pipes, containing liouid in bulk, exceeding 30 cubic feet .., 0 0 10
Crates containing crockery and eartnenware 0 0 6
Coals per hogshead.. 0 0 6
Coals, loose X>®rton.. 0 0 9
Cofiee, com, oats, wheat, rice per bag.. 0 0 0^
Pimento and cocoa do 0 0 Of
Rice - pertierce.. 0 0 3
Iron, copper ore, and other metals or ores per ton.. 0 0 4i
Lumber in yards perMfeet.. 0 0 6
Mahogany, and other square wood do 0 0 8
Staves perM.. 0 13
Dye woods perton.. 0 0 4
Sugar.. ', perbox.. 0 0 2
Hides perhnndred.. 0 10
Cotton :
Under shed or store perbale.. 0 0 6
Not under shed or store do 0 0 4
Granite stone or marble ^ perton.. 0 0 6
All articles wrecked, not in original packages, but loose in lots, also ma-
terials of vessels, one-half per cent, on sale at auction.
All property wrecked, consisting of assorted bales, boxes, crates of mer-
chandise, appraised and reshipped bulk, to be estimated in barrels, at . . 0 0 1^
RATES OF WHARFAGE PER WEEK.
Equal to one week's storage on similar packages.
RATES OF SCALEAGE.
On every package weighing less than 1 cwt 0
On every package weighing over 1 and not exceeding 5 cwt 0
On every 5 and not exceeding 10 cwt 0
On every 10 and not exceeding 15 cwt 0
On every 15 and not exceeding 20 cwt 0
On every ton of wood 0
On every ton of metal *. 0
t.
d.
0
Oi
0
Of
0
1
0
If
0
2
0
2
Q
SL
540 TARIFFS OF THE SEYEBAL COUNTRIES.
BRITISH INDIA.
THE BRITISH IHDIAH TARIFF.
The Department of State has received a report from Consul-GeDeral
Mattson, of Calcutta, dated March 13, 1882, relative to a very important
proposea change in the laws bearing on customs duties on goods imported
into British India. The financial budget for 1882-'83, introduced March
8 in the legislative council by the minister of finances, proposes, among
other things, ** the total abolition of cotton and general import duties,'^
leaving only special duties in force, to wit, those on wine, beer, spirits,
liquors, arms, ammunition, salt, and opium.
The motion to effect this great change has been formally made, and
is at present being debated in the council. Its passage by an almost
unanimous vote is only a question of a few days, so that, practically, it
may be said that British India is open for free trade with only the few
exceptions mentioned.
EXPORT DUTIES OF IVDIA
REPORT BY CONSUL MAITSON.
In reply to circular dated February 15, 1883, asking for information
relating to export duties, 1 have the honor to report that the only
export duty levied in India on its domestic productions is the following:
Bice, whether husked or unhusked, per Indian mauud of 82f pounds
avoirdupois weight, 3 annas (7^ cents).
H. MATTSOK,
Consul' Qeneral.
Pnited States Consulate-General,
Calcutta, April 6, 1883.
CHINA.
CUSTOMS TARIFF OF CHIKA.
PRINTED OOPT FORWARDED TO THE DEPARTMENT BY OONSUL-GENBBAL DENNY,
OF SHANGHAI.
[Agreed upon at Shanghai in November, 1858, between the British plenipotentiary and Chinese oouk-
missioners, and accepted at the same time by the plenipotentiaries ox France and the United Statea. ]
L— Tariff on Imports.
Note. — The Haikwan tael in which the cnstoms revenae is stated was eqniTalent, in 1882. to $1.38.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Articles.
Agar-affltr per 100 catties.
Asafetma do...
Beeswax, yellow do...
Betel-nnt do...
Betel-nat husk do...
Becho-de-roer:
Black do..,
Whfte do ..
Duty.
t. tn. e.
c.
0 15
0
0 6 5
0
10 0
0
0 I 5
0
0 0 7
5
15 0
0
0 8 5
0
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEEAL COUNTRIES.
541
I. — Tariff on impcrta — Continued .
No.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
3a
33
34
35
36
37
38
89
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
40
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
50
40
«1
62
«3
64
65
66
67
68
60
70
71
72
73
74
Articles.
Birdnesta :
First Quality - I>er catty..
Second quality do
Third quality, or undeaned do
BnttoDs, brass per gross..
Camphor:
£(aroos, clean per catty..
Baroos, refuse do
Canvas and cotton duck, not exceeding 50 yards long per piece..
Cardamoms :
Superior per 100 catties..
Interior, or grains of paradise do
Cinnamon ; do
Clacks ad valorem..
Cloves per 100 catties..
Cloves, mother do
Coal, foreign per ton..
Cochineal per 100 catties..
Coral per catty..
Cordage, manila perluOcat'ties..
Cornelians per 100 stones..
Cornelians, beads per 100 catties..
Cotton, raw do
Cotton piece goods:
Gray, white, plain, and twilled, exceeding 34 inches wide, and not exceeding
40 yards long per piece..
Cotton piece goods:
Same, exceeding 34 inches wide and exceeding 40 yards long — every 10 yards. .
Drills and Jeans, not exceeding 30 inches wide and not exceeding 40 yards
long perpieoe..
Same, not exceeding 30 inches wide and not exceeding 80 yards long do
T-cloths, not exceeding 34 inches wide and not exceeding 48 yards K>ng — do —
Same, not exceeding 34 inches wide and not exceeding 24 yards long do
Dyed, flgored, and plain, not exceeding 36 inches wide and not exce^ing 40 yard»
long per piece..
Fancv white brocades and white spotted shirtings, not exceeding 36 inches wide
ana not e z ceeding 40 yards long per piece . .
Printed chintzes and fomitoree, not exceeding 31 inches wide and not exceeding
30 vards long per piece. .
Camorics, not exceeding 46 inches wide and not exceeding 24 yards long ..do ...
Cambrics, not exceeding 46 inches wide and not exceeding 12 yards long . .do —
Muslins, not exceeding 46 inches wide and not exceeding 24 yards long do
Muslins, not exceeding 46 inches wide and not exceeding 12 yards long do . . .
Damasks, not exceeding 36 inches wide and not exceeding 40 yards long, .do
Dimities or qnUtings, not exceeding 40 inches wide and not exceeding 12 yards
Ion g , per piece . .
Ginghams, not exceeding 28 inches wide and not exceeding 30 yards long. .do
Cotton handkerchiefs, not exceeding lyard square per dozen..
Cotton fustians, not exceeding 35 yards long per piece..
Cotton velve| eens, not exceeding 34 yiwds long do....
Cotton threads I>er 100 catties
Cotton yam do....
Cow bezoar, Indian per catty..
Cutch per 100 catties..
Elephants* teeth:
Whole do....
Broken •* , do....
Feathers, kingfishers', peacocks' X>^r hundred..
Fighmaws per 100 catties..
Fi«h skins do....
Flints do....
Gambler do
Gamboge do
Ginseug, American:
Crude do....
Clarified do....
Glass, window box of 100 square feet..
Glue per 100 catties..
Gold thread:
Real peroatty..
Imitation do
Gum:
BezOamin per 100 catties..
Benjamin, oil of do
Dragon's blood do
Mjrrrh do....
Oubanum do....
Hides:
Bufbloand oow « do
Rhinoceros do
Horns:
BuffiUo do
Deer ^o...
Bhinooeroa \^o..
Duty.
t, tn. c. c.
0 5 5 0
0 4 5 0
0 15 0
0 0 6 5
13 0 0
0 7 2 0
0 4 0 0
10 0 0
0 5 0 0
15 0 0
5 per cent
0 5 0 0
0
0
5
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
8
6
0
0
5
8 00
0 0 0
3 5 0
1
0
0
1
3
1
0
0
0
0
7
8
4
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 8 0
0 0 2 0
0
5
0
0
0 15 0
§10 0
\
0
0
7
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
7
5
0
0
3
5
0
2
0
0
0
0
6
5
0
0
3
5
0
0
2
5
0
2
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
7
2
C
0
7
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
1
8
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
5
0
1
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
1
6
0
0
1
5
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
6
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
4
5
0
0
4
5
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
2
0
0
2
S
<^
^
1
. ^
► ^
1
(^
^ ^
542
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
I. — Tariff an impor/a— Continued.
Na
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
88
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
116
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
186
186
137
138
139
140
141
142
148
144
145
Articles.
Indigo, llqnid • per 100 catties .
Isinglass do...
Lacquered wore do...
Leatner do...
Linen :
Fine, as Irish or Sootch, not exceeding 50 yards long per piece.
Coarse, as linen and cotton or sill^ and linen mixtures, not exceeding 50 yards
long per piece.
Lucrabanseed per 100 catties.
Mace do...
Manffrove bark do...
Met^:
Copper, manufactured, as in sheets, rods, nails do...
Copper, manufactured, as in slabs do...
Copper, yellow metal, sheathing, and nails do...
Copper, Japan do...
Iron, manufactured, as in sheets, rods, bars, hoops do...
Iron, unmanufactured, as in pigs do...
Iron, kentledge do...
Iron wire do...
Lead, in pigs .. do...
Lead, in sheeta do...
Quicksilver do...
Spelter (salable only under regulation appended) do...
Steel do...
Tin do...
Tin plates do...
Mother>o'-pearl shell do...
Musical boxes ad valorem.
Mussels, dried perlOOcattiea.
Nutmegs... ...do.*..
Olives, unpickled, salted or pickled do...
Opium do...
Pepper :
Black do...
White .....do...
Prawns, dried do...
Putchuck do...
Rattans do...
Rosemaloes do ..
Salt fish do...
Saltpeter (salable only under regtdation appended) do . . .
Sandalwood do...
bapanwood do...
Seahorse teeth •. do...
Sharks' fins :
Black do...
White do ..
Sharks' skins per hundred.
Silver thread :
Real per catty.
Imitation do...
Sinews, buflSolo and deer per 100 catties .
Skins:
Fox, large each.
Fox. small " do...
Marten do...
Sea otter do...
.Tiger and leopard do...
Beaver per hundred.
Doe, bare, and rabbit do...
Squirrel do...
Land otter do...
Raccoon do...
Smalts per 100 catties.
Snuff, foreign do...
Sticklac do...
Stockfish do...
Sulphur and brimstone (salable only under reguli^on appended) do. . .
Telescopes, spy and opera glasses, looking-glaMOs and mirrors ad valorem .
Tigers' bones per 100 catties.
Timber:
Masts and spars, hard-wood, not exceeding 40 feet each.
Same, not exoeeaing 60 feet do...
Same, exceeding 60 Teet do...
Masts and spars, soft-wood , not exceeding 40 feet ^ do . . .
Same, not exceeding 60 feet do...
Same, exceeding 60 feet do...
Beams, hard- wood, not exceeding 26 feet long, and under 12 inches square, .do. . .
Duty.
t m. c. e.
0 18 0
0 6 5 0
10 0 0
0 4 2 0
0 5 0 0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
2
1
0
0
2
2
5
0
2
2
2
4
2
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
2
7
1
5
5
5
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5 per cent.
0 2 0 0
2 5 0 0
0 16 0
80 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
3
5
3
6
1
0
1
5
4
1
0
6
0
0
0
5
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 5 0 O
15 0 0
2 0 0 0
1 3 0 O
0 0 3 0
0 5 5 0
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
2
2
1
7
0
0
0
1
0
I
5
1
0
5
5
0
0
5
2
3
5
2
5
7
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5 per cent.
15 5 0
4
6
10
2
4
6
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0^
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
54a
I. — Tariff on imports — Contmued.
No.
Articles.
Bnty.
146
U7
148
149
150
151
162
153
154
155
156
157
158
150
160
161
162
1G3
164
165
166
J67
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
Timber— Continned.
Planks, hard-wood, not exceeding 24 feet long, 12 inchea wide, and 8 inches
thick J per hundred..
Same, not exceeding 10 feet long, 12 inches wide, and 8 inches thick do
Planks, soft-wood per 1,000 square feet..
Planks, teak per cable foot..
Tindt-r , per 100 catties..
Tortoise shell : per catty..
Tortoise shell, broken do
Umbrullas each..
Velvets, not exceeding 34 yards long per piece. .
Watches per pair..
t, m. c. c.
£
Watches, <maill6es 4 perles do —
Wax, Japan per 100 catties..
Woods:
Camagon ^ do....
Ebony '. do
Oarroo do....
Fragrant do
Krai^jee, 35 feet long, 1 foot 8 inches wide, and 1 foot thick each . .
Laka per 100 catties. .
Red .^ do —
Woolen manufactures :
Blankets .per pair..
Broadcloth and Spanish stripes, habit and mediom doth, 51 to M inches
wide perobang.
Long ells, 81 inches wide do...
Oanueta, English, 31 inches wide do...
Camlets, Dutch, 33 inches wide do...
Camlets, imitation and bombazettes i. do...
Cassimeres, flannel and narrow cloth do. . .
Liastings, 31 inches wide do...
Lastings, imitation and Orleans, 84 inches wide do...
Bunting, not exceeding 24 inches wide, 40 yaads long per piece
Woolen and cotton mixtures : Lusters, plain and brocaded, not exceeding 31 yards
long per piece.
Woolen inferior Spanish stripes percnang.
Wool€tt yam per 100 catties .
8
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
7
0
3
2
0
0
1
0
5
6
0
1
0
4
8
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0 0
0 0-
0 0
3 S
5
5
7
3
8
0
0
5
3
5
0
5
0
4
1
2
4
6
0
3
4
5
3
0
0
0
2
5-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0-
0
S
5
0 2 0 0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5-
0
0 2 0 0
0 10 0
8 0 0 0
II. — Tariff on exporU.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
ao
31
S2
Alum per 100 catties.
Alum, green, or copi»eras do...
Aniseed:
Star do ..
Broken do...
OU do...
Apricot seeds, or almonds do...
Arsenic do...
Artificial flowers do...
Bamboo ware do...
Bangles, or glass armlets do...
Beans and peas do...
Bcanc^ke do...
Bone and horn ware do...
Bfass:
Buttons do...
Foil do...
Ware do...
Wire do...
Camphor do ..
Canes .- i»er thousand .
Cantharides .I»er 100 catties..
Capoor cutchery do...
Carpets and druggets per hundred.
Cassia:
Lignea per 100 catties.
Buds do...
0 0 4 5
0 10 0
Twigs
Oil....
Castor oil.
do.
do.
do.
Chestnuts do.
China root do.
China ware :
Fine do.
Coarse do.
Cinnabar do.
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
O
0
1
8
1
1
1
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
5
2
0
4
4
6
7
5
0
0
5
0
5
0
1
7
5
0
3
5
6
8
1
0
2
1
1
0
5
0
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
0
0
O
0
0
0
0
0
6 0
3 5.
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 9 0 0
0 4 5 0
0 7 6 0
/)44
TARIFFS O: THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
II. — lariffon exports — Continaed.
Ko.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
ia3
104
ArtiolM.
Clothing:
Cotton do
SUk do....
Coal do
Coir do...
Copper:
Ore do
Sheathing, old « do
Pewter ware do —
Corals, false do
Cotton :
Raw do ..
Kags J do
Cowbezoar per catty..
Crackers, fireworks per 100 catties..
Cabebe do
Curiosities, antiques ad valorfmi..
Dates:
Black per 100 catties..
Red do —
Dye, green per catty..
^ggSt preserved perthonsan'd..
Fans:
Feather per hundred..
Fans:
Paper per hundred..
Palm-leaf, trimmed per thousand..
Palm-leaf, untrinuned do
Felt cuttings per 100 catties..
Fekicaps per hundred..
Fungus, or agaric per 100 catties..
GaUmgal do
Garlic *. do
Ginseng:
Nanve ad valorem..
Corean or Japan, first quality per catty..
Corean or Japan, second qualitiy do
Glass beads per lOOoattles..
Glass or vitrified ware do
Grass cloth :
Fine do....'
Coarse do
Ground-nuts ' do
Ground-nuts, cake do
Gypsum, ground or plaster of Paris do
Hair:
Camels' do
Goato' do...
Hams do
Hartall ororpiment do
Hemp do
Honey do
Hornp, deer's :
Yonng per pair..
Old per 100 catties..
India ink do
Indigo, dry do
Ivory ware per catty..
JosA-sticks I>er 100 catties..
Kitt\»oli«, or paper umbrellas per hundred..
Lacquered ware per 100 oatties . .
Lamp wicks do ...
Lead:
Red (minium) do
White (ceruse) do
Yellow (massicot) .* do
Leather articles, as pouches, purses do
Pouches, green do
Lichees do
Lilly flowers, dried do
Lily seeds or lotus nuts do
Licorice do...
Lung-ogan do...
Lung-ngan, without the stone do...
Manure cakes or poudrette do...
Marble slabs do...
Mats of all kinds per hundred.
Matting roll of 40 yards.
Melon seeds per 100 catties..
Mother-o'-pearl ware per catty..
Mushrooms per 100 oatties. .
.tfusk per catty..
Naokoen and native cotton cloths per 100 catties..!
Duty.
t. m. e. e.
15 0 0
10 0 0 0
0 0 4 0
0 10 0
0 5 0 0
0 5 0 0
115 0
0 3 5 0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
3
5
5
5 0
4 5
6 0
0 0
0 0
5 per cent.
0 15 0
0 0 9 0
0 8 0 0
0 3 5 0
0 7 5 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
2
0
1
0
4
6
0
0
6
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5 per cent
0 5 0 0
0 3 5 0
0 5 0 0
0 8 0 5
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
7
1
0
0
0
1
5
3
3
9
0 0
5 0
0 0
3 0
3 0
0
8
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
1
8
5
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
•5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
8
5
0
0
8
5
0
0
3
5
0
1
5
0
0
1
8
0
0
0
2
0
5
0
2
7
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
9
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
9
0
0
1
5
0
0
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEBAL COUNTBIES.
545
II. — Tariff an export9 — Continaed.
Ka
Articles.
105 Nutgalls per lOOcattiea.
106 OiU M bean, tea, wood, cotton and hemp seed do...
107 Oiled paper do...
lOB Oliveseed do...
100 Oyster shells, sea shells do...
110 Paint, green do...
111 Palampore, or cotton bedqnilts per hundred.
Paper:
112 Firstaoality per 100 catties.
113 Second qnauty do...
114 Pearls, false do...
Peel:
11& Orange do...
116 Pumelo, first qnality do...
117 Pomelo. second qnality do...
Peppermint:
118 Leaf do...
119 OH do...
120 Pictares and paintings each.
421 Pictures on pith or nee paper per hundred.
122 Pottery, earthenware per 100 catties.
Peppermint:
123 Preserves, comfits and sweetmeats per 100 catties.
124 Kattans, split do...
125 Rattan ware do...
126 Rhubarb do...
127 Rice or paddy, wheat, millet, and other grains do ..
128 Rugs of hair or skin each.
129 Sunshoo per 100 catties.
130 Sandalwood ware per catty.
131 Seaweed per 100 catties.
132 Sessamum seed do —
133 Shoes and hoots, leather or satin per lOOpairs..
134 Shoes, straw do —
Silks:
135 Raw and thrown do —
186 Yellow, fit>m Ssechueh do —
137 Reeled, fromdupions do —
Silk:
138 Wild raw do....
139 Refuse do
140 Cocoons do
141 Floss. Canton do ..
142 fiom other provinces do —
143 Ribbonsand thread do —
144 Piece goods, pongees, shawls, scarfi, crape, satin, gaoses, velvet, and embroid-
ered gooas per 100 catties.
145 Piece gomis, Szechueu, Shantung do —
146 Tassels do .
147 Caps — per hundred.
148 Silk and cotton mixtures per 100 catties.
149 Silverand gold ware .* do...
150 Snuff do...
151 Soy w do...
152 Straw braid do...
Sugar:
153 Brown do
154 White do...
166 Candy do...
Tallow:
156 Animal do...
157 Vegetable do...
158 Tea (see note at the end of tariff) do...
169 Tin foil do...
Tobacco:
160 Prepared do...
161 Loaf do...
162 Tortoise-shell ware per catty.
163 Trunks, leather per 100 catties.
164 Turmeric • do...
Twine hemp :
165 Canton do...
166 Soocbow do...
167 Turnips, salted do...
168 Varnish, or crude lacquer do...
169 Vermicelli do...
170 Vermilion do...
171 Wax, whiteor insect do...
172 Wood, piles, poles, andjoists each.
173 Wood ware per 100 catties.
174 Wool do...
Duty.
e. 1
m.
0.
e.
0
5
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
4
5
0
2
7
5
0
0
7
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
1
5
0
1
0
0
8
6
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
1
2
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
1
3
5
3
0
0
0
0
1
8
0
10
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
4
8
0
0
10
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
5
5
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
2
5
0
0
1
2
5
0
0
4
6
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
I
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
8
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
8
0
2
5
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
5
0
0
3
5
0
1784 CONO — ^A p.
-35
516 TARIKFS^ OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
TEAS — Coaraf unfkred Japanetr tea imported fur U/cal eontumpHan — Since Yebramrj, 1881, it ham
been the practice of the Shaugljai crmtomB Ut cbarj^e dat> ad rtUorem on toA of this deoeriptkm.
Tea imporifd /rem Jfpan jor Ihe yurpo^ o/ b^iug rtjkrrd a d re erporled to a fort gn count r^f.^^inot
the Ist of April. 1>4l. Japanei^ tea imporied fur re-exportation haa been dealt with at Sbanjrhai ac-
cordiuj! to ili»- following: rul*^:
" Tea imi»ortr'<i iti'o thii* pr>rt from Japan for the pnrpoMe of being refired and re-exported to a for-
ei^ conntry vdll \y ai'.oucMl a T-xiuctioD 'in th*' actual wii^bt imported of 20 percent., on I be import
duty, and When re-4'Xp«>ned a drawback r*^rtific«itf for tb«- entire amoont of daty p^iid will be granted
on appli<-anon in tbc u^aal niumier. piiiiviiii*d tbwt the temiH of Article XLY ot the treaty between
Great Britain and Lbiua be compliiit with, arxl that the writfbtA 6u-., be 6oii^«'tJj d«-c:lared."
Briek tea. — In the taritf appended to the KoAfeian regulationa of 1862, the export doty on Brick tea
im fixed at 6 mace per picoL
RULES.
Rule 1. VnenumeraUd goods. — Articles not eDiinieratiHl in the list of exports, bnt
enaiuerated in the list of iiDports, wheo exporte<1, will pay the anioant of daty set
against them in the list of imports; and. similarly, articles not ennmerafed in the
list of imports, bnt enumerated in the list of. exports, when imported, will pay the
amount of dnty set against them in the list of exfNirts.
Articles not enumerated in either list, nor in the list of duty-free goods, will pay
an ad ralorrm duty of 5 i>er wnt., calculated on theirmarket value.
Rule 2. JJuty-Jrte goods. — Gold and silver bullion, foreign coius, flour, Indian meaU
sago, biscuits, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confecionery. foreign
clothing, jewelry, plated- ware, perfun»«*ry. s*>a|» of sll kinds, charcoal. tirewcK>d, can-
dles (foreign), tobacco (foreign), cigars (foreign), wine, beer, spirits, household stores*
ship's stores, personal baggage, stationery, carjieting, druggeting, cutlery, foreign
medicines, glass, and crystal ware.
The above pay no import or export duty, bnt, if transported into the interior, will,
with the exception of personal baggage, gold and silver bullion, and foreign c<»in8, pay
a transit duty at the rate of 2| per cent, ad valorem.
A freight, or part freight of duty-free commodities (personal baggage, gold and
silver bullion, and foreign coins excepted), will render the vessel carrying them,
though no other cargo be on boaid, liable to tonnage dues.
Rule 3. Contraband goods. — Import and export trade is alike prohibited in the fol-
lowing articles: Gunpowder, shot, cannon, fowling-pieces, rifles, muskets, pistols, and
all other munitions and implements of war. and salt.
Rule 4. JVtights and measures. — In the calculation of the tariff, the weight of a picul
of 100 catties is held to be equal to 13^^^ pounds avoirdupois; and the length of a
chang of 10 Chinese feet to be equal to 142 English inches.
One Chinese chih is held to be equal to 14.1 inches English; and 4 yards English,
less 3 inches, to eqnal 1 chang.
Rule 5. Regarding certain commodities heretofore contraband. — The restrictions affect-
ing trade in opium, cash, grain, pulse, sulphur, brimstone, saltpeter, and siMslter are
relaxed, nnder the following conditions:
I Opium will henceforth pay thirty taels per picul import duty. The importer will
sell it only at the port. It will be carried into the interior by Chinese only, and only
as Chinese property ; the foreign trader will not be allowed to accompany it. The
provisions of Article IX of the Treaty of Tientsin, by which British subjects are
authorized to proceed into the interior with passports to trade, will not extend to it,
nor will those of Article XXVIII of the same treaty, by which the transit dues are
regnlated. The transit dues on it will be arranged as the Chinese (government see
fit; nor in future revisions of the tariff is the same role of revision to be applied to
opium as to other goods.
II. Copper cash, — The export of cash to any foreign port is prohibit-ed ; bnt it shall
be lawful for British subjects to ship it at one of the open ports of China to another,
on compliance with the following regulation : **Tbe shipper shall give notice of the
amoont of cash he desires to ship, and the port of its destination, and shall bind him-
self, either by a bond, with two sufficient sureties, or by depositing sach other security
as may be deemed by the customs satisfactory, to return, within six months from the
date of clearance to the collector at the port of shipment, the certificate issued by him^
with an acknowledgment thf reon of the receipt of the cash at the port of destination
by the collector at that port, who shall thereto affix his seal; or, failing the prodao-
tion of the certificate, to forfeit a sum equal in value to the cash shipped. Cash will
pay no daty inwards or outwards ; but a freight or part freight of casb> thoagh no
other cargo be on board, will render the vessel carrying it liable to pay tonnage dues. '^
III. The export of rice, and all other grain whatsoever, native or foreign, no mat-
ter where grown or whence imported, to any foreign port is prohibited; but these
commodities may be carried by British merchants from one of the open ports of China
to another, under the same conditions in respect of security as cash, on payment at
the port or shipment of the duty specified in the tariff.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 547
No import duty will be leviable on rice or grain, but a freight or part freight of
rice or grain, tboqgh no other cargo be on board, will render the vessel importing it
liable to tonnage dues.
IV. ** The export of pulse and bean-cake from Tang-chaw and Newchwang, under
the British flag, is prohibited. From any other of the ports they may be shipped, on
payment of the' tariff duty, either to other ports of China or to foreign countries.
V. Saltpeter, sulphur, brimstone, and spelter, being munitions of war, shall not be
imported by British subjects, save at the requisiition of the Chinese Government, or
for sale to Chinese duly authorized to purchase them. No permit to land them will
be issued until the customs have proof that the necessary authority lias been given
to the purchaser. It shall not be lawful for British subjects to carry these commodi-
ties up the Yang-tsze-kiang, or into any port other than those open on the seaboard,
nor to accompany them into the interior on behalf of Chinese. They must be sold at
the ports only, and, except at the ports, they will be regarded as Chiuese property.
Infractions of the conditions, as above set forth, under which trade in opium, cash,
grain, pulse, saltpeter, brimstone, sulphur, and spelter may be henceforward carried
on, will be punishable by confiscation of all the goods concerned.
Rule 6. lAahiWy of vessels entering port. — To the prevention of misunderstanding, it
id agreed that the terra of twenty-four hours, within which British vessels must be
reported to the consul under Article XXX VII of the treaty of Tientsin, shall bo uuder-
Btood to commence from the time a British vessel comes within the limits of the port,
as also the term of forty-eight hours allowed her by Article XXX of the same treaty
to remain in port without payment of tonnage dues.
The limits of the ports shall be defined by the customs, with all consideration for
the convenience of trade compatible with due protection of the revenue ; also the limits
of the anchorages within which landing and (fischarging is permitted by the customs;
and the same shall be notified to the consul for public iu formation.
Rule 7. Transit dues. — It is agreed that Article XXXVIII of the treaty of Tientsin
shall be interpreted to declare the amounts of transit dues legally leviable u]>on mer-
chandise imported or exported by British subjects to be one-half of the tariff duties,
except in the case of the duty-free goods liable to a transit dury of 2| per cent, adva-
lorenif as provided iu Article II of these rules. Merchandise shall be cleared of its
transit dues uuder the following conditions :
In the case of imports. — Notice being given at the port of entry, from which the im-
ports are to be forwarded inland, of the nature and ouantity of the goods, the ship
from which they have been landed and the place inland to which 'they are bound,
"with all other necessary particulars, the collector of customs will on due inspection
made, and on receipt of the transit duty due, issue a transit-duty certificate. This
must be produced at every barrier station and vis^d. No further duty will be levi-
able upon imports so certificated, no matter how distant the place of their destina-
tion.
In the case of exports. — Produce purchased by a British subject in the interior will
be inspected and taken account of at the first barrier it passes on its way to the port
of shipment. A memorandum showing the amount of the produce and the x>ort at
which it is to be shipped, will be deposited there by the person in charge of the prod-
uce. He will then receive a certificate, which must be exibited and vis4d at every
barrier on his way to the port of shipment. On the arrival of the pro<luce at the bar-
rier nearest the port notice must be given to the customs at the port, and, the transit
dues due thereon being paid, it will be passed. On exportation the produce will pay
the tariff doty.t
Any attempt to pass goods inwards or outwards, otherwise than in compliance with
the rule here laid down, will render them liable to confiscation.
Unauthorized sale, in transitu, of goods that have been entered as above for a port
will render them liable to confiscation. Any attempt to pass goods in excess of the
cj^uantity specified in the certificate will render all the goods of the same denomina-
tion named in the certificate liable to confiscation. Permission to export produce
* Notification,
British Consulate,
Shanyhaiy HAth Marchf 1862.
Article IV of Rule No. 5 appended to the tariff of 1858 is rescinded.
Pulse and bean-cake may be henceforth exported from Tangchow and Newchwang,
and from all other ports in China open bv treaty, on the same terms and conditions as
are applied to other native produce by the regulation bearing date of the 5th Decem-
ber last ; that is to say, they may be shipped on payment of tariff duty at the port of
shipment, and discharged at any Chinese x>ort on payment of half duty with power
to claim drawback of the half duty if re-exported.
By order: WALTER H. MEDHUR8T,
ConnU.
'* See Chefoo Conyention, Section III, Article 4.
548 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
which oannot he proved to have paid its transit dues will he refused by the oustomt
until the transit dues shall have been paid. The above being the arranffement agreed
to regarding the transit dues, which will thus be levied once and for all, the notifica-
tion required under Article XXVIII of the treaty of Tientsin for the information of
British and Chinese subjects is hereby dispensed with.
RUR 8. Foreign trade under paeeporL-^lt is agreed that Article IX of the treaty of
Tientsin shall not be interpreted as authorizing British subjects to enter the capital
city of Peking for the purpose of trade.
Rule 9. AMition of the mtltagefee. — It is agreed that the percentage of tael two
mace, hitherto charged in excess of duty payments to defray the expenses of melting
by the Chinese Government, shall be no longer levied on British subjects.
Rule 10. Collection of duties under one system at all ports. — It being by treaty, at
the option of the Chinese Government, to adopt what means appear to it best suited
to protect its revenue accruing on British trade, it is agreed that one uniform system
shall be enforced at every port.
The high officer appointed by the Chinese Government to superintend foreign trade
will, accordingly, from time to time, either himself visit or will send a deputy to
visit the different ports. The said high officer will be at liberty, of his own choice,
and independently of the suggestion or nomination of any British authority, to select
any British subject he ^ay see fit to aid him in the administration of the customs'
revenue, in the prevention of smuggling, in the definition of port boundaries, or in
discharging the duties of harbor master ; also in the distribution of lights, buoys,
beacons, and the like, the maintenance of which shall be provided for out of the ton-
nage dues.
The Chinese Government will adopt what measures it shall find requisite to pre vent
smuggling upon the Yang-tsze-kiang when that river shall be opened to trade.
Done at Shanghai, in tne province of Kiang-sn, this 8th day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1858, being the third day of the tenth moon of the eighth year of
the reign of Hien Fung.
[L. 8.] ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
LSKAL OF OHINBSB PLEinPOTENTIARIES. ]
[Signature of five Chinese Plenipotentiaries.]
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
549
JAPAN.
THE TAUTFF OF JAPAH.
TRAJUBMITTED BY CONSUL STAHBL, OF OSAKA AND HIO0O,
In compliance with instructions contained in Department of State
circnlar dated December 1, ultimo, I have the honor to transmit here-
with the present import and export ta^itl of Japan.
J. STAHEL,
CansuL
United States Oonsxtlate,
Hiogoy March 13, 1882.
Import and export tariff under ihe new eonventUm of 1866 and eubeequent arratigemente,
IMPORT TARIFF.
Class l,—JSpeaiflo dutiee.
Ka
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
0
10
11
12
18
U
1ft
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
28
24
25
28
27
28
29
80
81
82
Articles.
Alnin
Betel-nut ,
Braes bnttooa
Candles ,
Canvas and cotton dock
Cigars
Cloves and mother cloves
Cochineal
Cordage
Cotton, raw
Cotton manufaotores :
Shirtings (grey, whiter and twilled, white, spotted,
or flgured), drills and Jeans, white brocades, T-
cloths, cambrics, muslins, lawns, dimities, anilt-
ing, cottonets. All the above goods dyed. Prmted
cottons, chintses, and famitnre:
A. Not exceeding 84 inches wide
B. Not exceeding 40 inches wide
C. Not exceeding: 46 Inches wide
D. Exceeding 46 inches wide
Taiikchelass :
Not exceeding 31 Inches
Exceeding 31 inches and not exceeding 43 inches.
Pnstians. as cotton velvets, velveteens, satins, satin-
ets, and cotton damask, not exceeding 40 inches.
Oingnaros:
Not exceeding 81 inches
Not oxceeiUng 43 inches
Handkerchiefs
Single 1 8 and drawers
Table-cloths.
Cotton thread, plain or dyed, in reel or ball
C o tton yam, plain or dy ed
Catechn
Feathers, (kingflsher, peacock, &c.)
Flints
Gambler
Gamboge
Glass, window
Glue
Gum:
Bei^Jamin and oil of gum
Dragon's blood, myrrh, olibanum
Gvpsum
Hides, buffiilo and cow
Horns, bu£EEilo and deer
Horns, rhinoceros
Hoofs
Per—
100 catties
do...
Gross
100 catties
10 yards ..
Catty
100 catUes
do...
do...
do...
10 yards
do.
do.
do.
.do
.do
.do
do
do
Dozen ,
do
Each
100 catties
do
do
100 in number
100 catties ,
do
do
Box of 100 square feet ,
100 catties
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
*Boo0. Cents.
0
15
0
46
0
22
2
25
0
26
0
26
1
00
21
00
1
26
1
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
6
0
1
0
0
8
0
0
2
1
0
1
1
8
0
10
174
26
20
6
9
5
25
6
50
00
75
50
12
45
75
85
60
40
80
8
20
5
50
«(^
*See Bnle IH, page 562.
550
TABIFFS OF THE 8EVEEAL COUNTRIES.
niPOET TARIFF— Continued.
CL168 I. — Specific duHes — Continned.
Va
84
86
36
87
88
88
40
41
42
48
44
45
46
47
48
48
60
61
52
63
54
66
56
57
68
69
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
S9
ArtklM.
Per—
Indigo:
Liquid
Dry
iTory, elephanU' teeth. aU qimlitiM
Pftint, a« n>d, white, and vellow lead (miniam, ceraae, and
maaaioot), and pidnt oUa.
Leather
Linen, all qoalities
Mangrove bark
Hatting, floor
Metals: '
Copper and brass in alaba, sheets, roda, naila
Yellow metal, mants metal, sheathing and naila
Iron, manafactnred :
Rods, bars, nails, Ao
Pigs
Kf^Dtledge
Wire
Lead:
Pigs
Sheet :
Spelter and zinc
Stoel
Tin
Tin-plates
100 catties
do...
do ...
do...
do
10 yards
100 catties
Eollof40yards.
lOOcattiea
do...
/
Oil-cloth for flooring
Oil-cloth or leather for fomitare
Pepper, black and white
Putchock
Quicksilver
Qalnioo
Kattans
Rhabarb ^
Salt fish
Sandalwood
Sapan wood «
Sea-horse teeth
Narwhal or "unicorn" teeth
Sharks' skins
Snufl'
Soap, bar
Stick lac
Sogar:
Brown and black
White
Candy and loaf
Tobacco
Vermillion
Woolen manofuctures:
Broad, habit, mediam, and narrow cloth —
Not exceeding 34 inches
Not exceeding 65 inches '.
Exceeding 55 inches
Spanish stripes
Casslmercs, flannel, long ells, and serges
Bunting
Camlets :
Dutch
English
Lastings, crape lastings,and worsted crapes, merinos,
and all other woolen goods not classed under No.
76:
A. Not exceeding 34 inches .*
B. Exceeding 84 inches
Woolen and cotton mixtures as imitations, camlet
imitation, lastings. Orleans (plain and figured),
lusties (plain and figured), alpacas, baratheas,
damasks, Italian clotli, tafiachefass, rusaell cords,
cassandras, woolen fancies, camlet cords, and all
other cotton and woolen mixtui-es —
A. Not exceeding 34 inches
B. Exceeding 34 inches
Blankets and horse clothn
Traveling riiL'S, plaids, and shawls
Figured woolen table cloths.
Woolen smglets and drawers
Woolen and cotton singlets and drawers
Woolen yam, plain and dyed
do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
Box of not exceeding 90
catties.
10 yards
do
lOOcattiea
do
do
Catty
lOOcattiea
do
do...
do ...
do...
do...
Cattjr
lOO pieces.
Catty
100 cutties
do...
do
do
.do
do
.do
10 yards
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do
.do
.do
.do
do..
do..
10 catties
Each
do..
Dozen ...
do..
00 catties
0
t
15
1
2
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
75
75
00
50
00
20
15
75
50
5
80
15
6
80
0
80
1
00
0
60
0
60
3
00
0
70
0
30
0
15
1
00
2
25
6
oe
1
50
0
45
1
00
0
75
1
25
0
40
7
50
1
00
7
60
0
80
0
60
1
75
0
40
0
75
1
00
1
80
9
00
t
00
1
00
1
25
0
75
0
45
0
15
0 .
75
0 •
40
0
80
0
45
0
80
0
45
0
50
0
50
0
76
0
80
0
60
10
00
TAEIFPS OP THE 8EAE8AL COUNTRIES.
551
Class II. — Duty-free goads.
All animals nsed for food or draught ; anchors and chain cables ; coal ; clothing not
being articles named in this tariff; gold and silver, coined and uncoined : grain, includ-
ing rice, paddy, wheat, barley, oats, rye, pease, beans, millet, Indian com ; flour and
meal prepared from above; oil-cake; packing-matting; printed books; salt; salted
meats in casks; saltpeter; solder; tar and pitch; tea-tiriug pans and baskets ; tea
lead ; traveling baggage.
Class lll.^ProhihUed goods.
Opium.
Class IV. — Goods subjeat to an ad valorem duty of five per omt. on original value.
Arms and munitions of war; articles de Paris; boots and shoes; clocks, watches,
and musical boxes; coral ; cutlery ; drugs and medicines, such as ginseng, &,c, ; dyes;
European porcelain and earthenware; lumiture of all kinds, new and second-hand;
^lass and crystal ware ; gold and silver lace and thread ; eums and spices not named
in tariff; lamps, looking-glasses j jewelry; machinery and manufactures in iron or
8teel; manufactures of all Kinds in silk and cotton or silk and wool, as velvets, dam-
Asks, brocades, &c.; paintings and engravings | perfumery, scented soap; plated
ware; skins and furs; telescopes and scientific instruments; timber; wines, malt
And spirituous liquors; table stores of all kinds, and all other unenumerated goods.
EXPORT DUTIES.
Class I. — Specific duties.
No.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
3d
39
40
41
42
43
44
Articles.
Awabi . . r
Awabi HhellB
Camphor
China root (bakrio)
CaRsia
Catisiabuds
Coal
Cotton (raw)
Coir
Fish, <lried or ealted, Mdmon and cod.
Fi»h, cuttle
Gallnnta
Ghinanfi;, or ichio
Hemp
Honey
Horns, deers, old
Irico, or beche de mer
Iron, Japanese
Isinulaas
Lead
Mnshrooms, all qualities
OU:
Fish
Seed
Paper:
Writing
Inferior
Pease,* beans, and pulse of all kinds..
Peony bark, Botanpi
Potatoes
Raes
Sak6, or Japanese wines or spirits . . .
Seaweed:
Uncut
Cut
Seeds:
Kape
Sesamum
Sharks'flns
Shrimim and prawns, dried salt
SUk:
Raw and thrown
Tama or Dupioni
Noshi or skin silk
Floss silk.....
Cocoons :
Pierced
Unpierced
Waste silk and waste cocoons
Silk- worms' eggs
Per—
100 catties.
....do
...do
...do
...do
. . do
....do
...do
...do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do
do
.do
do
.do,
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Boos. Cents.
...do
...do
...do
Sheet
3
0
1
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
8
0
2
0
6
0
I
8
1
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
75
20
7
20
7
12
2
0
00
08
80
75
30
25
04
25
45
75
05
90
45
00
05
90
00
60
25
90
00
30
05
00
00
80
75
15
12
90
80
60
45
90
80
80
00
00
50
00
00
00
25
07i
552
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBIE&
EXPORT DUTIES-Contiiiiied.
CIJL08 h^SpedJie dmUa.
V«i
45
46
47
48
40
80
61
88
S9
So^plrar
Toft
Tea. iinaUty kaovB m "Bta ch*'
Tolwcoo:
Cat or prepwd ••«■■•..•••••••
Tennioelli
Wax:
' ▼•g«Ubl«
100
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
t
t
t
t
t
1
t
1
2
50
n
75
80
45
CuLSfi IL—Dutjf'frmgoodi.
Gold, silver, and copper, coined: gold And sUyer, nncoined, of Japaneee prodootiMi,
to be sold onW by tbe Japanese Government at pnblic auction; nee, paddy, wheals
and barley ; nonr made firom the above.
CuLBS m. — Ooodi 9ubjeet to an ad valorem dutjf of five per oaal., to he oaleuUUed on Aeir
•market value.
Bamboo ware; copper; copper utensils of all kinds; charcoal ; saltpeter: Kinson^^
and unennmerated dra^; horns, deer, young or soft ; mats and mattine; silk dresses,
manufactures or embroideries ; timber, except that of Hakodadi ; and all' other un-
ennmerated goods.
BULBS. •
RULB I.
Unennmerated imports, if mentioned in the export list, shall not pay duty under
that list, but shall be passed ad valorem ; and the same rule shall apply to any un-
ennmerated export that may be named in the import list.
RuLB n.
Foreigners resident in Japan and the crews or passengers of foreign ships shall be
allowed to purchase such supplies of the grain or flour named in the list of exports
as they may require for their own coDsumption, but the usual shipping permit mast
be obtained from the cuKtom-house before any of the aforesaid grain or flour can be
shipped to a foreign vessel.
RULB III.
The catty mentioned in this tariff is equal to the l^- pounds English avoirdupois
weight. 'The yard is the English measure of 3 feet, the English foot bein^ one-eisnth
of an inch larger than the Japanese kaueshaku. The boo is a silver coin, weij^ning
not less than 134 grains troy weight, and containing not less than nine parts or pure
silver and not more than one of alloy- The cent is one hundredth part of the boa
TARIFFS OF THE SETEBAL CODNTEIES. 55S
EAWAIIAH TABIFF.
BEPOBT BY CONSUL M'KINLBT, OF HONOLVLV,
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Department circnlar of
December 1, 1881, and in compliance with the request contained therein
I inclose a copy of the ^^ Hawaiian Tarifi: and Digest," corrected to date
by the collector general of customs ; also a copy of the tariff act of 1878»
D. A. mob:inlet,
United States Consxtlate,
HanolulUy February 17, 1882.
TABIFF, OB BATES OF DUTIES ON ALL OOOD8, WABES, AJW MEBCHAN-
VISE IMPORTED INTO THE HA WAIIAN KINGDOM.
FREB IMPORTS.
AnimaU) birds, bees, inteoded for 4mpToyitig the breeds. (See. 517. art. 6, civil code.)
Bags and containers (old) returned, when accompanied by certificate of Hawaiian
consuL (Reflations of April 17, 1867.)
Books printed m Hawaiian. (Act of Jnly 6, 1866.)
Catechn. (See Tanning.^
Coals, r Act of Dec. 30, 1864.)
Copper sneatbing and all description of sheatbinff metal. (Act of June 22, 1868.)
Diplomatic representatives. All goods imported for their private use and consump-
tion. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Foreign navies. All supplies when imported and used as such. TSec. 517, art. 6, civil
code.)
Foreign whalers. Merchandise imported by them in accordance with the provisions
of sees. 569 to 573 of the civil code. Grold and silver coins. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil
code.)
His Majesty. All goods or other articles imported for his use. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil
code.)
Hawaiian (jtovemment. All goods or articles imported for the use of the several de-
partments of the (government. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Hawaiian whalern. Oil, bone, fish, or other products of the sea, being the catch of
duly registered Hawaiian vessels. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Household effects, old and in use, of persons arriving from abroad ; also the effects,
not merchandise, of Hawaiian subjects dying abroad. (See. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Iron. All pig iron, and plate iron of i of an inch in thickness and upwards. (Act of
June 17, 1862.)
Models of inventions, if not fitted for use. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Oak bark. (/Sm Tanning.)
Oil bone, &c. (See Hawaiian Whalers.)
Plants and seeds, when not intended for sale. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Philosophical, chemical, and other apparatus for the use of schools and colleges.
(Sec. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Betumed cargo, bein^^ merchandise exported to a foreign country and brought back
in the same condition as when exported, accompanied by certificate of Hawaiian
consul. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil code, and regulation of April 17, 1867.)
Specie. (/5^ Gold and silver coins.)
Specimens of botany, mineralogy, geology, and other natural sciences, for the use of
schools and colleges. (Sec. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Tanning. Certain material used in. Oak bark, catechu, and other substances con-
taining *• tannin." (Act of June 22, 1«68.)
Tools of trade, professional books, and implements in actual use of persons from abroad.
fSec. 517, art. 6, civil code.)
Yellow metal. {See Copper.)
554 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
DUTIABLE IMPORTS.
Alcohol, and other spirits of the BtreDgth of alcohol, $10 per i^alloii.
Alcohol, provided that security be giyen that the same is intended fbr medicinal,
mechanical, or scfentifio purposes, upon application in due form, 50 per cent, ad va-
lorem.
Ale. porter, beer, cider, and other fermented beverages, below eighteen per cent, of
alcoholic strength, 40 cents per dozen quarts; 20 cents per dozen pints ; 15 cents per
gallon, in bulk.
Bitters, (^e Brandy and Wine.)
*Braudy, gin, rum, whisky, liqueurs, cordials, bitters, brandied fruits, perfumery, and
other articles of merchandise, sweetened or mixed, containing alcohol or spirits, of
the strength of thirty per cent, or upwards and not exceeding fifty -five per cent, of
alcohol, $3 per gallon.
Brandied fruits. (/See Brandy.)
C igars. ( See Tobacco. )
Coffee, the product of any country with which this Government has no existing
treaty, 3 cents per pound.
Ooflee,all other, 10 per cent, ad valorem.
Cordials. {See Brandy and Wine.)
Gin. (See Brandy.)
Liqueurs. (See Brandy.)
Molasses and sirups of sugar, the product of any country with which this Govern-
ment has no existing treaty, 10 cents per gallon.
Molasses, all other, 10 per cent, ad valorem.
tOpium and all manufactures thereof, 15 per cent, ad valorem.
Peppermint. ( Sec Brandy. )
Perfumery. (See Brandy.)
Porter. (See Ale,)
Rice, cleaned, 2^ cents per pound ; in the husk, 1^ cents per pound.
Rum. (See Brandy.)
8ugar, 2^ cents per pound.
Tobacco and all manufactures thereof, 15 per cent, ad valorem.
Whisky. (See Brandy.)
Wines... Madeira, sherry, port, and all other wines, cordials and bitters and all other
articles of merchandise contained or preserved in alcohol or spirits, above eighteen
per cent, and below thirty per cent, of alcoholic strength, $2 per gallon.
Wines. Champagne, claret, ginger wine, California wines, Rhine wines, quinine wine,
and all other wines, bitters, and cordials of a higher quality than wines of '* Cargai-
Bon," when below eighteen per cent, of alcoholic strength, 40 cents per dozen qnaxts ;
20 cents per dozen pints ; 15 cents per gallon in bulk.
Upon all other goods, wares, and merchandise of whatever description imported into
this kingdom, there shall be levied, collected and paid, a duty of ten per cent, ad va-
lorem, including all charges as per original invoice, except the following :
Cigarettes and paper cigars, 25 per cent, ad valorem.
Pipe and pipe fixtures, 25 per cent, ad valorem.
Candies, 25 per cent, ad valorem.
Peanut oil, 25 per cent, ad valorem.
Fire- works and fire-crackers, 25 per cent, ad valorem.
Kid, leather gloves, and gauntlets, per dozen pair, $3.
Camphor trunks, each, 50 cents.
China matting, per roll, |1.
All invoices of merchandise presented at any of the custom-houses of this king-
dom, for entry, must be accompanied by the certificate of the Hawaiian consul at the
port of shipment, otherwise 25 per cent, will be added to the original value and the
usual duties levied on the increased value thereof.
Note. — There are no transit or export duties or charges other than the cost of entry forma, as r»>
qnired by law.
Arrival and Entry of Vessels.
merchantmen.
The commanding officer of any merchant vesHcl, immediately after her arrival at
either of the legal izcMl ports of entry, sh.ili make known to the collector of customs
the business uimju which said vchscI has come to thin port, and deliver him, under
•The instruments u«ed for oscertainiug the alcoholic strenpth of spirits, vines, perfumery, &Cy are
the "AlcooDidtre Centesimal" of M. Gay-LiiMauc. and the " Thermumdtre Alcoom6trique " of Lerts-
bours Sc Si'cretan.
t Contraband. Opium can only be imported by such persons as may be duly licensed by the minister
cf the interior, to impoit and selL
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 555
oath, a full, true, and perfect muDifcst of the carso with which said vessel is laden
before allowing any parcels to be landed, except Ihe mail hags^ delivered to the order
of the postmaster ; which manifest shall contain an account of the packages with
their marks, numbers, contents, and quantities; also the names of the importers, or
consignees, and shippers.
> And furnish him with a list bf all her passengers before allowing any baggage to be
landed.
And deliver him, under oath, a list of all stores on board his vessel, under penalty
of forleiting all stores not mentioned in puch list and a tine of one hundred dollars.
When any such officer shall fail to perform any or all of the acts above mentioned,
'Within forty-eight hours after his arrival, he shall be subjected to a fine not exceed-
iDg one thousand dollars.
All letters under the care of the captain, or within his power, except such as are
directed to the owner or consignee of the vessel, must be delivered to the postmaster
of the port before entry can be made or report received.
All goods imported in any vessel and which are not included in her inward mani-
fest shall be liable to seizure and confiscation, and the vessel and master shall be
liable to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.
When all the goods included in the inward manifest are not produced or accounted
for to the collector, the vessel and master shall be liable fur the apxtraised value of
such deficiency and the duties thereon, together with a fine not exceeding one thou-
sand dollars.
No goods or articles of any description shall be landed at any of the ports of this
kingdom on any Sunday or national holiday, nor on other days, except between sun-
rise and sunset, nor until the same shall have been duly entered at the custom-house
and landing permit issued, under penalty of seizure and confiscation.
WHALEMEN.
Masters of whaling vessels shall enter their vessels at the custom-house within
forty-eight hours after their arrival at either of the ports of entry, and previous to
discharging or shipping any seamen, or taking off any supplies or stores, under pen-
alty of not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars.
They shall also, within the time above stated, furnish under oath a list of all wines
and spirits on board as stores, and a manifest of all cargo and freight except the pro-
duce of their fishery and the outfit, provisions and furniture of their vessel, under
penalty of forfeiting all such stores, cargo, and freight as are not on the list of stores
or manifest, and a fine of one hundred dollars.
Every master of a whaling vessel, who shall have duly entered his vessel at the
custom-house, shall be entitled to a permit from the collector to trade or barter goods
for refreshment and supplies to the- amount of twelve hundred dollars, original in-
voice value, two hundred dollars of which shall be free of duties.
This privilege to trade or barter may be used at one or more ports of the kingdom,
lint shall not be construed so as to permit any such vessel to trade or barter ^oods to
a ipeater amount in all than twelve hundred dollars during one visit to the kingdom.
Whalers' permits do not include the trade, sale, landing, or disposal of spirituous
liquors, and all such traffic on the part of whaling vesseU shall subject them to all
the charges of merchant vessels and to all other legal liabilities.
The same duties shall be exacted of whaling vessels as are exacted of merchant
vessels for any goods landed or disposed of by tnem, exceeding the value of two hun-
dred dollars; and, in case such excess amounts to more than one thousand dollars,
they shall be deemed in law to have become merchantmen, and be subjected to all
the charges of merchant vessels.
All articles to be landed on whalers' permit must be entered upon it with ink, and
the value carried out, before leaving the vessel.
Every master of a whaling vessel who shall fail to produce his permit, when called
for by any officer of customs, shall be liable to a fine of not less than ten nor more
than fifty dollars, to be imposed by the collector.
CUSTOM-HOUSE GUARDS.
The collector shall provide an officer to be present on board any vessel during her
discharge, or at any other time when he may deem it necessary, to superintend the
lanaing of her cargo, and see that no other or greater amount of goods are landed
than is set forth upon the permit to discharge.
It shall be the duty of the commanding officer of any vessel when boarded by an
officer of the customs to furnish him promptly with any and all iuformation whicn he
may require in regard to the vessel, her cargo, stores, passengers, &c:, and exhibit
for his inspection her manifest, register, or other papers relating to the sam^.
556 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Eyery veasel of not more than five bondred tons shall be allowed six days, and
every vessel of five bondred tons and upwards shall be allowed twelve days after
entry in which to dischar^ ; bnt for all days in excess, the compensation of the officer
superintending the landing of the cargo shall be a charge against the vesseL Sun-
days and holidays shall not be counted in the number of days allowed for discharge
at the expense of the Oovemment.
PASSENGERS.
If the master of any vessel, arriving at any port of entry of this kingdom from a
foreign port, shall suffer the bagsage of any passenser on board of his vessel to be
removed on shore from such vessel^ unless a permit therefor has been obtained from
the collector of the port, such master shall be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty dol-
lars, in the discretion of the collector of customs.
If any passenger, arriving at a port of entry of this kingdom, on board of a vessel
coming from a foreign port, shall remove his baggage on shore from such vessel, with-
out first obtidning a permit therefor from the collector of the port, such passenger
shall be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty dollars, in the discretion of the court.
Any passenger arriving from a foreign port, at any of the "ports of this kingdom,
shall be subject to a tax of two dollars for the support of hospitals for the benefit of
sick and disabled Hawaiian seamen, which shall be paid to the several collectors of
customs before any permit is issued to such passenger to land his baggage.
If the master of any vessel shall allow any passenger to land his baggage or other
effects, at any port or this kingdom, without payment of the aforesaid titx, he shall
be liable therefor, and also to a penalty of not less than ten nor more than fifty dol-
lars, to be imposed by the collector in his discretion; such baggage or other effects
shall also be subject to seizure and sale.
MARINE HOSPITAL TAX.
The master or owner of every ship or vessel under the Hawaiian fiag, arriving from
any foreign port or from sea, at any port of the Hawaiian kingdom, shall, before such
ship is admitted to entry, render to the collector of such port a true account of the
number of seamen who have been employed on board since the last entry at any
Hawaiian port, and pay to said collector at the rate of twenty-five cents per month for
each and every seaman so employed, for the benefit of the marine hospital fund;
which amount such master or owner is authorized to retain out of tbe wages of said
seamen.
The master of every coasting vessel, employed in the carrying trade between the
different ports, roadsteads or harbors of the Hawaiian kingdom, shall render quarterly,
to the collector general of customs, or to any collector under his directions, a true
list of all seamen employed by him during the preceding three months, and pay to
said collector general or collector, at the rate of twenty-five cents per mouth, for each
and every seaman so employed, for the benefit of the marine hospital fund; which
sum said master is authorized to retain out of tbe wages of such scamau.
The returns required as above shall be made under oath, in such manner and form
as the collector general may prescribe. If any owner or master shall make a false re-
turn, he shall be deemed guilty of penury and punished accordingly. He shall also
be subject to a penalty of roe hundred dollars, for the benefit of the said marine hos-
pital fund, and his vessel shall be liable to seizure, condemnation and sale, to secure
the payment of such penalty.
PASSPORTS.
Every adult who may have resided on these islands for more than thirty days, wish-
ing t-o leave the kingdom, shall make application to tbe collector of the port from
which he intends to sail, for a passport.
It shall be lawful for the collectors of customs to grant passports to all applicants
for the same, except in tbe following cases :
First. In case of the indebtedness or obligation to pay money, of the applicant, to
the Government or to any private individual, of which the collector has received
written notice, accompanied by a request not to grant a passport.
Second. Incuse the applicant is a party defendant in a suit, civil or criminal, pend-
ing before any court in this kingdom, of which the collector shall have received writ-
ten notice.
Third. In case of a writ of ne exeat regnOj or any other process to arrest or stay the
departure of the applicant, shall have been issued by any court of the kingdom, of
which the collector shall have received notice in writing.
Fourth. In case of a written complaint bein^ made to the collector that the appli-
cant is about to depart the kingdom, leaving his wife or family unprovided for.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVEKAL COUNTRIES. 557
Every collector of customs may, after graoting a passport, cancel the same, upon
being^ satisfied tliat it was obtained by any deceit or misrepresentation ; or that the
permission to leave the kingdom will work great wrong or injustice to the Govern-
ment, or to any individnal.
Every master or commanding officer of a vessel who shall convey out of this king-
dom any person not having a passport, shall be subject to a fine of fifty dollars and
be liable K>r all debts which such person may have left unpaid In this kingdom. And
if he shall fail to pay such fine and debts, such vessel shall be subject to seizure, con-
deiiination and sale for the payment thereof; provided alwavs that these provisions
fihall not be construed as applicable to any seaman legally shipped on board of any
vessel.
Charge for passport, protest (price of stamp), $3.
Charge for passport (price of stamp), |l.
A sworn statement of account must be filed in the collector's office within 10 days
after protest has been made.
CusTOM-HousE. — Storage Regulations.
The expense of putting in, stowing, and taking out of stores will be borne by the
importers or owners. Any loss by leakage, breakage, or fire shall be at the responsi-
bility of the party or parties who place the goods in store.
SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS.
The importer is permitted to take out as a sample of each kii^d and quality one
bottle for every one hundred gallons, and one bottle for every fifty cases, free of duty ;
bat for every succeeding sample there will be a charge of one dollar for each bottle.
Before taking a package out of the stores the importer will present an order to the
collector, giving the marks, numbers, and contents thereof, and stating whether it is
intended for exportation or consumption.
If the liquor to be withdrawn is intended for consumption the duties must then be
paid : but if it is intended^ for exportation an outward entry must be made in the
usual form, stating by who'm it is to be exported, dace of inward entry, vessel's and
master's name by which imported and by which it is to be exported.
All liquors in casks will be gauged as they are taken out of the stores for consump-
tion, and duties charged only upon the quantity delivered.
Liquors taken out of the stores for exportation or consumption must not be in less
quantities than a single and original package. (Exceptions are made where the
package is a hogshead or pipe.)
OTHER GOODS.
Goods taken from the stores mnst be in original packages. If for consumption, not
less than one hundred dollars in value will be delivered, or the remainder of an im-
portation. Nothing less than a whole package will be delivered, except as samples,
and then in the least quantity that will make a fair sample. In ordering goods out
of the bonded stores for exportation or consumption the same form must be observed
as with spirits.
RATES OF STORAGE.
For liquors in casks and kegs, 1 cent per gallon per month.
For liquors in cases, ^ cent per gallon per month.
For bags of fionr (200 pounds), 4 cents each per month ; other sizes in proportion.
For barrels of flour, meal, and bread, 4 cents each per month.
For barrels of bottled ale, beer, and porter (4 dozen each) 4 cents each per month.
For cases of bottled ale, beer, and porter (4 dozen each), 4 cents each per month.
For barrels of beef, pork, and fish, 5 cent« each per month.
For barrels of pitch and tar, 7 cents each per month.
For bundles, snooks, and casks' heads and hoops, 1 cent per barrel per month.
For whaleboats, |l each per month.
Goods (except the above named), 40 cents per ton per month.
QUANTITY OF GOODS TO COMPOSE A TON.
Forty feet (cubic measure) ; 2,000 pounds pig and bar iron, sugar, rice, nails, and
similar articles : 200 gallons (wine measure), reckoning the full contents of the cask,
of oil, vinegar, lime-juice, ale, beer, and porter, not bottled.
558 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTiOES.
Not less than one month's storage to be charged, and (after the first month) if lees
than twelve days, nothing; over twelve days, a fall month.
From the date of each transfer the storage commences anew.
Storage bills on liquors will be rendered every quarter ; on other goods, every aix
mouths, or as required.
C0ABTKB8.
The collector general of customs, under the direction of the minister of the interior
shall ^rant a coasting license for one year to any Hawaiian registercMl vessel, the owner
of which shall have applied to him in writing, setting forth the vessePs name, with
the date and number of her register, which license shall be in such form as may be
approved by the minister of the interior.
Upon granting such license, the collector general of customs shall exact of the owner
a bond, with at least one approved surety, in the penal sum of five hundred dollars^
in such form and upon such condition as may be approved by the minister of the in-
terior.
Any vessel which shall engage in the coasting trade of this kingdom without a 11-
cenne, shall be liable to seizure, coudemnation, and sale.
The minister of the interior shall have power to establish rules for the guidance and
government of all vessels engaged in the coasting trade, and in case any such vessel
shall violate any of the said rules, he shall have the power to annul its license. He
may also at any time impress any licensed coaster into the public service, upon jost
compensation, to be afterwards assessed by the court of admiralty of this kingdom.
All vessels engaged in the coasting trade shall carry the inter-island mails, free of
charge, under such regulations as may from time to time be provided by law, or pre-
scribed by the minister of the interior, upon pain of forfeiting their licenses.
It shall not be lawful for any vessel to carry passengers between the different islands
of this kingdom, except such vessels as shall be especially licensed for that purpose,
under a penalty of "twenty dollars for each passenger so carried, to be recovered be-
fore any police or district justice.
Before obtaining the said license, it shall be necessary that the vessel shall be thor-
oughly inspected by the harbor master of Honoluln, one of the pilots of said port^
and some shipwright, to be appointed for that purpose by the collector general of cus-
toms ; and if the said inspectors shall certify the vessel to be staunch and well equipped,
and of sufficient capacity and accommodations to carry passengers, the owner of such
vessel shall be entitled to receive a license from the collector general to carry passengers
between the islands for one year, subject to all the passport regulations for carrying of
females, as provided by law.
No vessel shall carry more than one passenger for every two tons, registered burthen,
excepting steam vessels, the same being allowed to carry two passengers for every three
tons' burthen ; and in case of any violation thereof, the master of such vessel shall be
liable to a fine of five dollars for each passenger so carried, the same to be I'ecovered
before any police or district justice.
Each vessel licensed to carry passengers between the islands, shall carry on all her
passages, secured on deck, one spare extra cask of the capacity of at least two barrels,
filled with water; and under her deck, easily accessible, as many barrels of good sound
bread or rice and salt provisions and water as may, from time to time, be required by
the harbor master of Honolulu ; and for disobedience of the orders of the harbormas-
ter, by not carrying the amount of water and provisions required by him, the vessel
shall be liable to have her license revoked by the collector general, and the master
shall be further liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, to be recovered
before any police or district Justice.
COASTING CHARaES.
Coasting lioeiue.
To 25 tons $1 00 per ton.
Each additional ton 50 per ton.
License blank 1 00 stamp.
License bond 1 OOatiuiip.
Paaaenger lioente.
Less than 80 tons 50 per ton.
From 80 to 100 toils 40 00
Over 100 tons 50 00
Inspector's fee 9 00
License blank 1 OOstamp.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 559
Marine-hospital tax.
For^achman ^ 25 per month.
Crew-list each quarter 1 00 stamp.
Light dues.
Each year 10 per ton.
UGHT DUES.
There shall be levied npon all vessels arriving from abroad at any port of this king-
dom where a light-house may be established the sum of three dollars, which shall be
paid before departure to the collector-general of customs.
All vessels engaged in the coasting trade shall pay 10 cents per ton as light money,
in consideration of which they shall be entitled to visit all ports where light-houses
may be established, for the term of one year, without further charge.
DEPABTURE OF VESSELS.
Any vessel having, through her master or agent, fnlly complied with the laws and
regulations affecting foreign trade, and with all tbe laws regulating the shipment
and discharge of Hawaiian seamen, shall be entitled to depart after receiving from
the collector of the port a clearance in the form provided by law.
In case any vessel does not sail within forty-eight hours after receiving a clearance,
it shall be the duty of tbe master to report the same to the collector of the port-, under
a penalty of not exceeding twenty-five dollars, to be imposed by said collector.
No vessel shall be entitled to a clearance unless all proper charges at the harbor-
master's office shall have been settled ; and tbe collector may require the master or
agent of the vessel to produce the harbor-master's certificate to that efiect.
To entitle any vessel to a clearance, it shall be incumbent on her commanding offi-
cer first to furnish the collector of the port with a manifest of the cargo laden on
board of such vessel, which manifest shall be given under oath ; contain a full state-
ment of all the goods on board, expressing contents, quantities, and value, and dis-
tinguishing between domestic, foreign, and transshipped goods, and shall also con-
tain a list of all stores taken from bond.
He shall also furnish, in proper form, a list of all passengers intending to depart in
said vessel.
When goods are exported from bond it is necessary that the person exporting the
same shall make an outward entry at tbe custom-house, in the form required by law ;
which said entry must be made before the clearance of the vessel in which the same
are to be exported.
If any vessel shall sail from any port in this kingdom without first obtaining a
clearance, the commanding officer thereof shall be subject to a fine not exceeding one
thousand dollars, in the discretion of the court ; for the payment of which fine the
vessel shall be liable to seizure, condemnation, and sale.
Ports of Entry.
Ko goods of foreign growth or production shall be landed or unladen from a foreign
vessel, or Hawaiian vessel from a foreign port, at any other port of the Hawaiian
Idands than a port of entry for foreign vessels, as created by law. under a penalty of
seizure and forfeiture of the vessel in which such goods shall be Drought, and of the
goods imported therein, and so landed or unladen. And in passing from port to port
no foreign vessel shall engage in the coasting trade of this kingdom.
The following are the legal port* of entry :
Honolulu, island of Oanu; Lahaina, island of Maui; Hilo, island of Hawaii;
Kawaihae, island of Hawaii; Kealakekua, island of Hawaii; Koloa, island of Kauai;
Eahului, island of Maui.
In addition to the above, foreign vessels engaged in the whale fishery shall have
access to the following port for the purpose of recruiting and refreshment : Hanalei,
island of Kauai.
It shall be lawful for any vessel from abroad, with the written permit of the col-
lector-general of customs, to proceed to any other port or place in the kingdom, not
a port of entry, for the purpose of debarking cargo, the duties upon which have been
paid, or of embarking cargo, or of obtaining refreshment.
Collectors of customs at other ports in the Kingdom than Honolulu may grant such
permits for their respective collection districts.
560 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
REGULATION CONCERMIKO STAMPS AND BLANKS ON INWABD ENTRIES.
On and After March 11, 1864, the charges for stamps and blanks on inToices valued
at ten doUai^ and under, will be one dollar; on inyoices valued over ten dollars and
not exceeding twenty dollars, one dollar and a half; on invoices valued over twenty
dollars, the usual charge of two dollars and a halt
W. F. ALLEN,
CoUectar-Qeneral of CmHomm,
REGULATION CONCERNING RETURN GOODS, EMPTT BAGS, CONTAINERS, AC
From and after the 1st of June, 1867, it will be required that all invoices of "return
foods, empty bags," dc^c, intended to be entered free, must be accompanied by the
[awaiian consurs, of port shipment, certificate that they are the same goods and in
original packages as shipped mm this port.
W. F. ALLEN,
Collector-General of CuetomB.
Approved.
STEPHEN H. PHILLIPS,
MiuUter of Finanoe, ad interim.
CusTOM-HousB Charges.
For visit of health officer when required $5 00
When necessarilv detained on boaid per day.. 10 00
For bill of health on departure 1 00
Pilot's and boarding officer's fees. (See Pilotage.)
Buoys 2 00
Lights, vessels from abroad 3 00
Lights, coasters, each year per ton.. 10
Inward or outward ma^iifests 2 00
Mail oath 1 00
Inward entry, goods paying duties 2 50
Inward entry, goods bonded 4 50
Outward entry, goods bonded 1 50
Transit entry 2 50
Bond to secure payment of duties 2 00
Passports 1 00
Every stamped certificate or blank furnished by the collector 100
Recording bill of sale, mortgage, or hypothecation of a vessel,* or copying the
same, or certificate of registrp^, per one hundred words 50
The custom-house charges for all other acts and duties not expressly provided for
by law, as also the rates of storage, shall be such as may from time to time be pre-
scribed by the minister of finance.
Port Regulations.
pilotage.
Upon the arrival of any vessel making the usual marine signal for a pilot, it shall
be the duty of the pilot at the port to immediately put off to such vessel, taking wiUi
him a white and a yellow flag; to inquire into the sanitary condition of the ship and
the health of those on board : and upon being assured to his satisfaction that there is
no danger to be apprehended from any contagious disease, he shall board such vessel,
but not otherwise.
Upon boarding the vessel the pilot shall present the commanding officer with a
health certificate to be signed by him, and in case the same shall b < signed, the white
flag shall be immediately hoisted at the main, and the pilot shall be at liberty to
bring the vessel into port; but in c^se the commanding officer shall decline to sign
the certificate of health the pilot ^hall deliver him a yellow flag, which the master
shall hoist at the main, and the vessel shall be placed in quarantine, outside of the
harbor, and anchored where the pilot may direct.
Any pilot who shall conduct a vessel into any port in this kingdom, in violation of
the provisions of this law, or any of the regulations of the board of he^th, or know-
TARIFfS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 561
ing that there is just gronud to suspect the existence of contagion on hoard, shall he
liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.
Every vessel, the master of which shall have declined to sign a certificate of health
as above prescribed, shall, upon entering port, he liable to seizure, confiscation, and
sale.
If the pilot, after boarding any vessel, shall discover any existence of a contagions
disease, he shall not return on shore, neither shall it be lawful for any of the snip's
company or passengers to land or communicate with the shore, or board anv other
vessel, without permission of the board of health, or the collector, under penalty of a
fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.
The pilots of Honolulu shall bring the vessel which they may take charge of, fully
within the harbor (within the inner buoy, unless otherwise directed by the harbor
master) and anchor her in a suitable and convenient place, under penalty of forfeit-
ing their commission.
No pilot shall take out any vessel that may be under attachment or arrest by virtue
of any process, nor before she has obtained her clearance, under penalty of forfeiting
his commission and paying a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.
If any foreign vessel, or Hawaiian vessel engaged in foreign trade, shall enter or de-
part from any of the ports for which pilots may be appointed, without a pilot, such
vess^ shall be liable to one-half pilotage.
All vessels anchoring outside the reef at Honolulu shall, when so requested by the
harbor master or any pilot, change their anchorage and anchor in such place as he
may direct, under penalty of a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.
At ports where there are no pilots, the regularly appointed boarding officers shall
do and perform all the duties prescribed for pilots.
The pilot's fees, boarding officer's fees, and health fees shall form a part of the port
charges, which snail be paid by every vessel to the collector of the port before a
clearance is granted.
Pilot's fees, from May 30, 1874.
Health fee $5 00
On all war vessels, mail steamers, and vessels under 200 tons per foot . . 1 50
On all other vessels over 200 tons per ton.. 05
But no vessel to be charged more than $50, in or out.
For anchoring a vessel outride 15 00
In case said vessel comes into the harbor 10 00
Towage rates, from June 19, 1874.
Ships and barks under 500 tons $40 00
Ships and barks over 500 tone 45 00
Ships and barks over 1,000 tons 50 00
Whalemen 40 00
Brigs and schooners over 200 tons 35 00
Brigs and schooners under 200 tons 30 00
Harbor Regulations.
The harbor masters of Honolulu and Hilo shall have authority over the anchoring,
mooring, and making fast of all hulks, coasters, boats, and other craft in their respect-
ive harbors, and are charged in general with the enforcement of all harbor regulations
They shall also be wharfingers at the ports for which they are appointed.
They shall be entitled to receive, in addition to their usual fees, all amounts dis-
bursed by them for the use of boats, warps, and labor in mooring and making fast any
vessel, and if necessarily detained on board more than two hours at any one time, they
shall be paid at the rate of one dollar per hour for such extra detention.
All vessels that
the harbor master,
no vessel, excepting coasting vessels nnder fifl^
the harbor, shall quit her anchorage or moorings until the commanding officer shall
have received the written permission of the han)or master, under a penalty of a fine
not exceeding one hundred dollars.
The harbor master or any pilot, while removing a vessel from one anchorage or
mooring to another, may make fast to any other vessel, or to any warp or wharf; and
any person resisting the same, cutting awav or casting off the warp or fastening, shall
be subject to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars; and if such person belong to
any vessel, the master of such vessel shall be responsible for any damage resulting
from such resistance, cutting away or casting off, as well as for the fine imposed upon
the offender.
1784 CONG— A P 36
562 TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
In order to facilitate the removing aod placing of vessels in their proper berths^ aD
vessels in the harbor shall, when requested by the harbor master or any pilot, slack
down their steam cables and other fastening, and also their bo^er chains, under pen-
alty of a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.
All vessels entering port Rhall, if so requested by the harbor master or any pilot,
rig in her iib, flying jib and spanker booms and spritsail yards, and top their lower
and topsail yards, within twenty-four hours after anchoring in such port, and in all
cases before attempting to come alongside of or make fast to eithor of the docks or
wharves, and keep them so rigged in and topped until within twenty-four hours be-
fore leaving the harbor, and until after removing from any wharf or dock, ander pen-
alty of a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.
No combustible materials such as pitch, tar, rosin, or oil, shall be heated on board
any vessel within the harbor of Honolulu ; but all such combustible articles shall be
heated either on shore, or in a boat, or on a raft, at a reasonable distance from the ve»-
ael, of which distance the harbor master shall be the judge. Every nerson violating
the provisions of this section shall be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.
No stones or other rubbish shall be thrown from any vessel into the harbor of Hon-
olulu or Hilo, under penalty of a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars ; and the
master of the vessel from which the same are thrown shall be subject to a like fine.
Any person who shall leave or cause to be left, for the space of six hours, upbn the
shores or reefs of any harbor in this kingdom, any dead animal, shall be sabject to a
finu not exceeding ond hundred dollars, and shall cause the same to be removed with-
out delay.
Every vessel taking on board or discharging any ballast or coals within the harbor
of Honolulu shall have a tarpaulin properly stretched and spread so as to prevent any
from falling into the water, under penalty of a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.
No vessel having gunpowder on board will be permitted to remain at the wharf more
than twelve hours, and if the vessel shall be at the wharf over night a policeman or
watchman shall be kept on duty on board all night. All gunpowder deposited on the
wharf for shipment shall be immediately passed on board the vessel to receive the same.
HARBOR master's CHAR^GES.
Wharfage,
Per registered ton (Sundays and Qovemment holidays not counted) . . 2 cents per day.
Storage,
Bricks, coal, coolers, kettles, stone ballast, sand (space of 32 square
feet measurement) 1 cent per day.
Oil, on wharves, for every 10 barrels 1 cent per day.
Lumber, firewood (space of 32 square feet measurement) 1 cent per day.
Anchors, chains, pig ballast, and old iron, per ton of 2,000 pounds. .. \ cent per day.
Harbor maeiet^BfeeB,
Boarding vessel on arrival |3 00
Boarding vessel on departure 3 00
Moving vessel, each time 3 00
Shipping and discharging native seamen.
Shipping, each man |0 50
Discnarging, each man 50
Qovemment tax, each man 6 00
Shipping! articles stamp.. 1 00
Application to governor do 1 00
Master's bond do 1 00
(All the above charges must be paid by the ship.)
Discharging foreign seamen.
Seaman's permit, each man $0 50
Seaman's bond, each man 1 00
Permit for deserter to ship 50
BOAT REGULATIONS, PORT OF HONOLULU.
The owner of any boat duly licensed for the harbor of Honolulu shall be entitled^
if hired on time, to charge one dollar for each passenger for the first hour, and ihj
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 563
cents for each snoceediDg hour, if the boat have four or more oars, and only half these
fares if the boat have less than fonr oars.
If hired by distance, twenty- five cents for each passenger to and from any ship or
point within the inner buoy ; fifty cents to and £rom any point between the inner and
cater buoys; and two dollars to and from any ship or point in the aDcboraee outside
of the buoys, if the boat have four oars, and only half of said fares if the boat have
less than fonr oars; provided, always, that if the boat shall be detained by any pas-
sen^r alongside of any ship, or at any point, over fifteen minntes, the owner shall be
entitled to charge fifty cents additional for every half hour of such detention.
Any person plying a licensed boat who shall refuse to take a passenger at the rates
prescribed in the preceding sections, or who shall charge any person more than the
said rates, shall be fined five dollars. «
Every person hiring any snch boat shall be entitled to carry with him, free of
charge, one hundred nonnds of luggage or goods, and no more ; and for all extra lag*
gage or goods he shall pay according to agreement with the person plying the boat.
LIGHT-HOUSES.
HONOLULU.
A light-hoase has been erected on the inner edge of the Western Reef, bounding
the entrance of the channel into Honolulu Harbor. The li^ht is a Fresnel of the
fourth order, at an elevation of 26 feet above the sea level, and can be seen from the
deck of an ordinary-sized vessel at a distance of 9 nantical miles, in a radins from
8. E. by E. to W. from the light-hoase.
From the light-house the spar or fairway buoy bean» (magnetic) 8. IP W., 6^
cables; the eastern end of the new wharf, N. 35° E.,Ii cai>les; Diamond Point, S.
56° E.; Barber's Point, S. 88° W., and the eastern corner of the custom-house, N.
15° E., near to which comer another light- tower has been erected, at an elevation of
28 feet above the sea level, and can be seen about 5 miles out at sea. The light in.
this tower is green.
To enter the harbor by night, bring these two lights in one, bearing N. 15° E. (mag-
netic), and keep them in one till within a cable's length of the light-house on the
reef, when by hauling a point to the eastward yon will avoid the end of the spit on
which the light-house is ouilt. extending off from it about 25 feet to the eastward.
Steer for the east end of the n%w wharf, and when half way between the light on the
reef and the new wharf, keep away N.W. and along the esplanade to an anchorage
inside. All bearings magnetic.
HILO, HAWAII.
A light-house has been erected at Paukaa Point, entrance to Hilo Harbor, Hawaii..
The light is at an elevation of fifty feet above the sea level, a plain fixed light, and
can be seen easily ten miles out at sea. From the light-house tne outer point of thO'
reef bears S. 58° E. ; inner point of the reef, S. 39° £. ; Governess' flagstaff (about the
center of the harbor), S. 22° E. ; Leleiwi Point, S. 79° £. ; and Makahanaloa Point, N.
2° W. Bearings magnetic.
KAWAIHAE, HAWAII.
For the anchorage at Kawaihae a white light, about fifty feet above the sea level,
has been erected at a point bearing from the northeast corner of the reef N. £. by N.
i N. The light can be seen at a distance of ten mils out at sea. With this light bear-
ing E. N. E. there is good anchorage in eight fathoms of water about a quarter of a
mue from the shore. All bearings magnetic.
LAHAINA, MAUI.
A light-house has been erected at the landing, port of Lahaina. The window on the
sea side of the light-room is of 20x24-inch glass, with red^lass at the northwest and
southeast end. The colored glass stands at equal angles, side and front, and a vessel
in ten fathoms of water will nave two bright lights for aboat half a mile each way
from direetlv in front of the light-hoase. At a greater distance it will show a colored
light until tne lights almost appear like one, or f he red light like a reflection from the
other light. The light towards Molokai is the brightest, so that the lights now have
the appearance of a large and small light close together. The lights stand about 26
feet above the water, and can be seen across the Lanai Channel.
Tariff Act, 187a
AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to increase the import dnties npon certain goods," approved
the 27th day of September, A. D. 1870.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the King and the LegieJative Aaeembly of the HawaHan I$Jand$
in the Lefielature of the Kingdom aasemhUdy That section 1 of an act to increase the im-
port dnties on certain goods, approved the 27th day of September, A. D. V^^y V^^ ^w<\
564 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
the same is hereby, amended to read aa follows: Section 1. There shall be levied, col-
lected, and paid upon the following goods imported into this kingdom duties, ad valo-
rem, as follows, to wit :
Silks, satins, and silk velvet, and all articles of which silk shall form the principal
material, ten per cent. ;
Clothing, ready -made, and wearing apparel of every description, made up in whole or
in part, ten per cent. ;
Carnages of all descriptions, ten per cent. ;
Hats and caps of all kinds, ten per cent. ;
Linens, and all manufactures of which flax, grass-cloth, or a similar material shall
form the principal part, ten per cent. ;
Crockery and glassware of every description, ten per cent. ;
Drugs and medicines, patent and other, ten per cent. ;
Furniture of all kinds, if upholstered or carved, manufactured in whole or in part,
ten per cent. ;
Millinery goodH, beads, braids, bonnet«, buttons, corsets, collars, sleeves and co£^
edgings, flowers (artificial), feathers (fancy), fringes for clothing and for upholstery,
ten per cent. ;
Gloves and mitts, not otherwise provided for, ten per cent. ;
Gimps for clothing, ten per cent. ; •
Hoop-skirts, ten per cent. ;
Hooks and eyes, ten per cent. ;
Insertions, Inces, and lace goods of all descriptions, ten per cent. ;
Ribbons not otherwise provideci for, ten per cent. ;
Silver plate, plated ware or gilt ware, ten per cent. ;
Britannia ware and fancy metal ware, ten per cent. ;
Tea, ten per cent. ;
Matches of all kinds, ten per cent. ;
Cigarettes and all descriptions of paper cigars, twenty-five per cent. ;
Jewelry and all descriptions of metal, glass, or stone beads, ten per cent. ;
Paintings, pictures, engravings, statuary, bronzes, ornamental work of metal, stone,
marble, plaster of Paris or alabaster, and all imitations thereof, ten per cent. ;
Perfumery (other than that which pays a spirit duty), powders, hair, tooth, nail and
other toilet brushes, ten per cent. ;
Soaps, ten per cent. ; «
Pipes (smoking), pipe-stems, bowls and fixtures, cigar-holders, twenty-five percent;
Candles, ten per cent. ;
Candies, twenty-five per cent. ;
Peanut oil, twenty- five per cent. ; .
Toys, ten per cent. ;
Fire-arms, ten per cent. ;
Ammunition, ten per cent. ;
Fire-works and fire-crackers, twenty-five per cent. ;
Watches and clocks, in whole or in part, ten per cent. ;
Playing-cards, ten per cent:
Sec. 2. That section 2 of the said act be, and the same is hereby, amended to read
as follows: Sec. 2. There shall be levied^ collected, and paid upon the following goods
imported into this kingdom specific duties as follows, to wit:
On kid and all other leather and skin gloves, three dollars per dozen pairs ;
On cigars and cheroots, ten dollars per thousand ;
On China tobacco, fifty cents per pound ;
On camphor trunks, in nests of four, two dollars per nest ; and in nests of two, one
dollar per nest ;
On China matting, one dollar per roll ;
On port, sherry, Madeira, and other wines of like nature above eighteen per oent. of
alcoholic strength ; also on all cordials, bitters, and other iEirticJes of any name or
description containing alcohol, or preserved in alcohol or spirits above that rate of
strength and below thirty per cent., unless otherwise provided for, two dollars per
gallon ;
On champagne, sparkling Moselle, and sparkling hock, three dollars per dozen repute
quarts, and one dollar and fifty cents per dozen reputed pints ;
On claret. Rhine wine, and other light wines under eighteen per cent, of alcoholic
strengtn, not otherwise provided Tor, forty cents per dozen reputed quarts, twenty
cent« per dozen for reputed pints, and fifteen cents per gallon if in btuk ;
On ale, porter, cider, and all fermented drinks not otherwise provided for, forty cents
per dozen reputed quarts, twenty cents per dozen reputed pints, and fifteen centa
per gallon if^in bulk.
Sec. 3. The provisions of this act shall extend and apply to all goods in bond at the
time it shall come into operation.
Approved this 1st day of August, A. D. 1878.
KALAKAUA R.
TRRIFFS OP THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
565
AUSTBAIiASIA.
VICTORIA.
TABIFF OF VICTORIA, AU8TBALIA.
[TxBDBmltted to the Department of State by the conflol-general of the United States at Melboome.]
OiPOBTED BY LAKD OB SBA.
Artidea.
Ahnonda, shelled
Arrapnoot
Confectionery, comfits, snccades, sweetmeats
Fruits and vegetables, dried or preserved
Froits, boiled
Honey
Jams .......
JeUies
Ifacwoni —
Maize flonr or com floor
Haizena. —
Heats and fish, preserved, not salted or dried or preserved In brine —
Meats, potted
Spices, groond
Sugar candy
Yermicelli
Almonds
Bacon
Biscuits
Blue
Butter
Candles
Cheese
Curled hair
Glue
Hams
Mustard
Nuts (except cocoannts)*
Starob
Stearine
Soap:
Terfdmedand toilet «.. —
Other
Aoetioacid
Acid:
Salphnrio
Muriatic *
Nitric
Ale, porter, spruce and other beer, cider and perry:
For six reputed qaart bottles, or for twelve reputed pint bottles . . .
In wood or in bottles containing an Imperial quart or pint, resi>ect-
ively.
Axles:
Common dray, with linchpins
Common nut and others not enumerated, up to 1| inch diameter, in-
clusive.
Above 14 inch diameter, inclusive
Mail, patent, up to 1| inch dismieter, indosive
Above li inch
Other patent axles, with brass caps
Bags and sacks:
Com md flour
All other (except gunnies and sugar mats)
Boots and shoes— Present English sues to be the standard (except ohil*
drens, Nos. 0 to 3), viz :
Men's, No. 0 and upwards
Youths'. Nos. 2 to 5
Boys'. Nos.7tol
Women's, No. Sand upwards
Girls', Nos. 11 to 2
Girls', Nos. 7 to 10
Children's, Nos. 4 to 0, and slippers .
Women's "lasUng"and ^'staJT" boots
Goloshes of all kinds
Slippers, men's, women's, and children's, flrom No. 7 and upwards.,
Bottles containing pickles ,
Bricks, flre
Cards, playing
Carriaffes (including second-hand) and carts (see exemption list) :
All carts and wagons without springs, and spring carts and spring
drays with two wheels.
Bate of duty.
2d. per pint or pound, or
reputea package of that
quantity or weight, and
so in proportion for any
such reputed quantity or
weight.
2d.
pet pound.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
4d.
per pound.
2d.
per pound.
3d,
per plot or pound.
5$.
percwt.
Do.
Do.
9d.
9d.
per gallon.
25 per cent ad valoreoL
8#. per arm.
it. 6d. per arm.
4«. 6d. per arm.
7«. per arm.
lOf . per arm.
It. per dosen.
Od. per dozen.
83«. per dozen pairs.
2i«. per dozen pairs.
lit. 6d. per dozen pairs.
I9t. 6d. per dozen pairs.
I6t. per dozen pairs,
lit. 6d per dozen pairs.
fit. per dozen pairs.
Idt. per dozen pairs.
it. per dozen pairs.
9t. per dozen pairs.
3d. per dozen.
20«. per 1,000.
3«. per dozen packs.
20 per oent^ ad valorem.
1
566
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
JmparUd by land or $€a — Continaed.
Articles.
CaniMres, Sui. — Continned.
TilDnryB, dog carts, gigs. Boston chaises, and other two-wheeled
Tehibles^n springn or tnorongb braces.
Express wagons and wagons for earning goods, and single or doable
seated wagons, and four-wheeled baggies without tops, mounted
on springs or tnoroagh braces.
Hansom s^ety cabs, smgle and doable seated wagons, wagonettes,
and foar-wheeled bogies, with tops.
Omnibases and coaches for carrying mails or passengers
Barouches, Broaghams, mail phaetons, drags, and other carriages
not otherwise enomerated.
XOTB.— Any separate parts of carriages not specially enomerated as
datiable or tree are chargeable with soon duty as the conmiissioner may
determine onder section 7 of DutUt of OtuUnnt^ Act 1879.
Chinaware and porcelain (exespt photographic and telegraphic materials)
€igars
Coroe, chicory, chocolate, cocoa ,
Cordage, vis:
Cmrrope
Hempen and other cordage (except of galranised and other iron and
steel cordage), Indnding all housing and seising lines and span-
yam.
white Unes and other descriptions of cordage not otherwise specified
(except coir yam).
Corks, cat „
Doors, wooden
Drugs:
Acid, carbolic
Acid, carbolic, pare
Acid, oxalic
Acid, picric
Aloes
Ammonia, carbonate of
Ammonia! liquid
Cannabis IndiCA
Chlorodyne
Cocculas Indicas
Fabaamara
€tolatine
Glycerine, pure
Glycerine, crude
Grains of Paradise or Guinea grains
Morphia
Nitrate of silrer
Nux vomica ,
Potassium, iodide of
Potassium, bromide of
Quassia
Strychnine -•
Dynamite
Earthenware (except photographic and tolezrajphio materials) ,
Felt hoods, pullover hoods, and any article of felt prepared for the manu-
facture of hate.
Fmit, green*
Fase
Glass or stone bottles contaiq^ a reputed qaart or any less quantity of
spirite (not perfumed), wine, ale, porter, or other beer, and bottles con>
taining aerated or mineral waters.
Bottles containing pickles *.
Glassware, except locket, brooch, and watch-glasses, and optical, surgi-
cal, and scientific instrumente, and photographic and telegraphic ma-
terials:
Glass bottles for aerated waters and medicines
Chimneys, hhades. snd globes, and all other glassware not being cut,
engraved, etched, or ground.
Glass shades and globes, and other glassware, cat, engraved, etched,
or ground.
Grain and pulse of every kind not otherwise enumerated
Barley
Maize
Grain and pulse of every kind not otherwise enomerated, when pre-
pared, ground, or in any way manufactured.
G^un-cotton or other material used for exploding purposes not other-
wise specified.
Hate (except those warehoused without payment of duty on the first
entry thereof before 4th September, 1879, which hats shall be still
liable to the duties then chargeable), as under, that is to say :
Hate (except straw, chip, willow, tape, and braid, antrimmed), not
otherwise enumerated (on and after 4th September, 1879).
Rate of doty.
£10 each.
£15 each.
£20 each.
£40 each.
£50 each.
2$, Od. per cobic foot
5*. per poond.
8d. per pound.
ficpercwt
lU 8<ipercwt
28t.percwt.
2d. per poond.
5«.eacn.
Od. per gallon.
6d. per pound.
2d. per pound.
3d. per pound.
12«.percwt
2d. per pound.
Do.
Id. per pound.
1«. Id. per pound.
]«.6d.percwt.
Do.
6d. per pound.
3d. per pound.
Id. per pound.
2m. per cwt.
]«. (id. per ounce.
Od. per ounce.
1«. Od. per cwt.
lOd. per pound.
3d. per pound.
40«. per ton.
1«. per ounce.
4d. per pound.
1«. 4d. per cubic foot
b», per dozen.
9d. per bushel.
lid. per coil of 24 feet or less,
and in proportion for so;
greater quantity.
Od. per dozen.
3d. per dozen.
Od. per cubic foot
U. per cubic foot
2«. Od. i>er cubic foot.
1«. per 100 pounds.
2t. per 100 pounds.
Od. per 100 poonds.
2m, per 100 poands.
5d. per pound.
25 per cent ad valorem.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTBIES.
567
Imported by land or $ea — Continned.
ArtidM.
Sftts. &o.— Conttnaed.
Boys', youths', and men's bats, with a calloo or other foundation or
iraue, and covered with felt, plush, silk, merino, velvet, or other
material (anless otherwise speciflea, on and after 4th September,
1870).
Hats known as dress hats (on uid after 4th September, 1879)
Boys* and youths' felt hats in sixes up to and including 6} (on and
after 4th September, 1870).
Men's felt hate and women's untrimmed felt hats of any siae, and
pith hats (on and after 4th September, 1870).
Hops
Ink, printbig, colored
Jewelry (except cameos and precious stones unset), via:
Rbigs of gold, finished or unfinished, but without oameoa or precious
stones set tnorein.
All other Jewelry of gold, unfinished, mounted, or in parts, but with-
out cameos or precious stones set therein, not otherwise specified.
Chains of sold, unfinished (except machine-made chains for fringes) —
AU other Jewelry, whether manufactured wholly or in ptft, not
otherwise enumerated.
Jute piece goods :
^ot exceeding 8 feet in width
Exceeding 3 feet in width
Lead:
Sheet and piping
Lithofracteur
Live stock :
Cows, oxen, heifers, bulls, steers, calves over six months old (ex-
cept working bullocks in teams).
Horses, mares, geldings, colts and tillies not in saddle or harness. . .
Sheep, whether rams, ewes, wethers, or lambs
Pigs
Halt
Hatches and vestas :
Wooden matches—
For every gross of boxes containing in each box 100 matches or
under.
For every gross of boxes containing in each box over 100 and not
excee<llng 200 matches.
And so on per gross of boxes for each additional 100 matches or
part thereof.
Wax vestas —
For every gross of metal boxes, not otherwise specified, contain-
ing in each box 100 vestas or under.
For every gross of metal boxes, not otherwise specified, contain-
ing in each box over 100 and not exceeding 200 vestas.
Ana so on per gross of metaX boxes for each additional 100 vestas
or part toereof.
For every gross of paper, small round tin, or other boxes contain-
ing in each box lUO vestas or under.
For evei7 gross of paper, small round tin, or other boxes contain-
ing in each box over 100 and not exceeding 200 vestas.
Ana so on per gross of boxes for each additional 100 veatas or part
thereof.
Kails:
Iron (except for trunks and grindery)
Horseshoe
Oatmeal
Oils:
Hineral, refined, of which the point of ignition is above 80^ Fahr.,
Colza and olive, in balk.
Ldcluding castor or cod liver when refined or for medicinal pur-
poses, in bottles of a quart or less than a quart.
Onions ... :
Opium, including all ffoods, wares, and merchandise mixed or saturated
with opium, or with any preparation or solntion thereof, or steeped
therein, respectively.
Paddy -.
Paints:
Ground in oil '.
Hixed ready for use
Paper:
^ote, letter, writing, fancy, and blotting, with cut edges
Uncut— blotting, surface, drawing, and other papers (except print-
ing and writing, in original wrappers and uncut edges, as it leaves
the mill, paper hangings, cardboard and millUwrd) .
Bags
Pearl and Scotch barley
Pickles
Rate of duty.
80». per dozen.
48». per dosen.
8#. per dozen.
I5i. pet dosen.
6d. per pound.
Do.
4«. per dwt. troy.
Zt, per dwt. troy.
1«. per dwt troy.
20 per cent ad valorem.
^
per yard,
per yard.
2t. ed. per cwt
id. per pound.
5f. each.
Da
M. each.
2i. each.
8«. per busheL
Od.
U.
ed. additional
U. 3d.
2«. 6d.
If. 8d. addltionaL
1«.
2t.
U. additional.
Zt. per cwt.
12s. per cwt.
3t. per 100 pounds.
Od. per gallon.
(^arts, 2t. per dozen ; pints,
1«. per dozen; half-pints,
and smaller lizes, 6a. p«r
dozen.
20«. per ton.
20«. per pound.
•
2t. per 100 pounds.
40«. per ton.
80«. per ton.
2d. per pound.
it. per cwt.
10«. per cwt.
St. per 100 pounds.
(Quarts, 2t. Od. per doien;
eints, 1«. Od. per dosen )
alfpints and smaller
sizes, 1«. per dozen.
568
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Imported by land or sea — Continaed.
ArttdM.
PipM:
CMt>iroii— flanged, ipigot» and ikacet» Imees and elbows
Smoking, wooden
Cl*y, meenohanm
Plate of gold
Plate of diver
Potatoes
Powder:
Sporting (except fine powder imported in packages containing in
balk not less than 2o poonds weight each.)
Blasting
ProTisions— inolnding Tegetables— salted, dried, or preserred in brine
(except fish not otherwtee enamerated.)
Rice
Saddle-trees :
Riding
Harness
Salt (except rock salt)
Shot
Snnif
Soda crystal
Spirits or strong waters of any strength not exceeding the strength of
proof by Sykes' hydrometer, and so in proportion for any greater
strengtn tlian the strength of proof.
V .
Spirits, cordials, liquors, or strong waters, sweetened or mixed with any
article so that the degree of strength cannot be ascertsined by Sykes*
bvdrometer (incladiog all alcohol dilated or nndilnted with water or
other menstrnm, and containing in solation any essence, essential oil,
ether, or other fijavoring or other sabstance, whether of natural or
artificial origin.)
Spirits :
Perfumed
Methylated
Sugar and molasses (except unrefined molasses)
Tea
Timber:
Dressed or planed
Hardwood, undressed (except undressed logs of any length of the
size of 9 inches square or larger).
Laths
Shingles
Palings
Rough spokes and felloes (except hickory) and sawed pickets
Tobacco (except sheepwash, including tobacco soaked on the landing
thereof from the importing ship, or on delivery from the warehouse,
in turpentine, oil, or other fluid, in the presence of some officer of cus-
toms, so as to render it unfit and useless for human consumption).
Muiufactured
Unmanufactured
Twine (except sewing or seaming of hemp, cotton, or flax)
Umbrellas, parasols, and sunshaoes :
Parasols and sunshades (plain) up to 18| inches in length of ribs, in-
cluding covers made up wholly or in part of cotton, woolen, or
other matetial, not otherwise specified.
Umbrellas over l^ inches, fancy parasols or sunshsdes under 18|
inches in length of ribs, including covers made up wholly or in
part of cotton, woolen, or other material, not otherwise specified.
Umbrellas over 18^ inches in length of ribs, of silk or silk mixtures,
and parasols and sunshades of all sizes of similar materials, in-
cluding covers made up wholly or in pari.
y amlsh, including lithograpnic ,
Yfaiegar, not being acetic acid or crude vinegar, aromatic, or raspberry. .
Window sashes
Wine:
Sparkling ^
Other
Woolpaoks
Articles of apparel, whether whollv or partly made up (except hosiery):
Aprons, breeches, coats, capes, cloaks, costumes, couars, outh^ sleeves
and sets, crinolinM, camisoles, dresses, furs made up, froeks, fixmts, in-
fants' hoods and hats, infants' swathes and bibs, Jackets, knickerbocker
suits or portions of suits, leggings, mantles, muslin and net scarfs,
nightdresses, pants, pelisses, petticoats, pinafores, ruffles, robes, shirts
of all kinds, skirts, stays, shawls, trousers , tunics, vests, wristbands,
men's, women's, and children's underclothing, ties, scarfs, neckerchiefs,
and all articles used for the like purpose.
Rate of duty.
40t. per ton.
12s. per gross.
25 per cent ad valorem.
6t. per ounce, troy.
2s. per ounce, troy.
10«. per ton.
8d. per pound.
Id. per pound,
firpercwt
6«. per 100 pounds.
20«. per dozen.
10s. per dozen.
20s. per ton.
Id. per pound.
2«. per pound.
40s. per ton.
10«. per gallon, or 40s. foreaoh
reputed 4-gallon case,or20«.
for each reputed 2-gaUoift
case, when the said cases
respectively do not contain
ixore than the reputed oon-
tents. snd so on for each re-
putea gallon or part of a
gallon.
10«. per gallon.
20«. per gaDon.
]«. per liquid gallon.
8«. per cwt.
8d. per pound.
]«. 6d. per 100 su. feet.
Is. per 100 su. feet
If. per 1,000.
Od. per 1,000.
9d. per 100.
Oct. per 100.
2s. per pound.
Is. per pound,
l^o. per pound.
(kLeach.
Is. each.
2s. 6d. each.
2s. per gallon.
6d, per gallon.
2s. per pair.
8s. per gallon.
6s. per gallon.
7s. per dozen.
25 per cent ad valorensn.
TABIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COl'NTBIES.
569
Imported by land or sea — Continaed.
Articles.
Articles of ardflcisl baman hair mannfactiired, vis: Hesd dresses, hair
plaits, hair-plait slems, side pads, ohij^ons.
Bonnets (except straw, chip, willow, tape, and braid, nntrimmed)
Broshware (except artilts' brashes)
Caps
Copperware, not otherwise enumerated
Frilling and rufQing
Fomitaie, including second-hand ftunitare (see exemption list)
Boilers (land and marine)
Machinery, not otherwise ennmerated (except machhiery for carding,
spinning, weaving, and finishing the manufactore of fibrons materiid,
and cards for snob machinery, sewing and printing machines and
Kresses, machinery used in the mannfactnro of paper and for felting,
icluding wire-cloth and felts, and machines for. telegraphic porposes,
and engines of which gas is the direct motive powen.
Ifanofhctares of metals (except steel cranks ana tires in the rongh, and
patent roller bashes for block making) asunder, viz: Air gratmes;
ash pans; axle blocks; axle boxes; barrow wheels ; bedsteads; bells;
bench screws; bill files; blacksmiths' tongs ; blank nats; boat hooks;
boilers and famaces, copper ; bolts and nnts, iron ; bolt ends, iron ;
bolt rings; bottle Jacks, litting ; braces, wronght-iron ; branch pipes;
copper and brass; brass cocks, valves, and whistles; brass mountings
and fittings ; brazed copper pipes ; brazed wrought iron pipes ; cake
rollers; camp ovens ana three-leg pota: ca»t-iron of all sorts, molded:
cast-iron cylinders; cast-steel drills; cisterns, wrought-iron; coal
scoops and scuttles; condensers for gasworks, salt wat4?r, and steam
engines ; contractors' forgings ; cork drawers, wire and steel ; crow-
bars; crucibles, black leaa; dampers and frames ; distilling apparatus;
door knockers ; door porters ; door scrapers ; drain grates and frames ;
drain grating; dumb bells; eccentrics for buggies; engine castings ;
engineers' forgings; fenders; fire dogs.; fire guards; fittings for
pumps, engines, and machinery ; flower stands ; forge backs ; furnace
doors and frames ; furnaoe pans, galvanized ; galvanized and black
spouting and guttering; galvanized buckets ana tubs; garden reels:
Sanlen rollers; gaiden seats; gasaliers and chandeliers; all kinds ox
nishcd work for gas fittings; gas stoves; gas tongs; girders, iron;
grates; gridirons; grindstone spindles; gun metal, steam engine fit-
Bn^rs, molded; gutters and piping; hammers; napping, quartz, and
spalling ; hasps and staples ; hat and coat hooks, cast-iron ; nat stands ; *
hay rakes ; mnges, T ; holdfasts ; hook-and-eve binges ; horse-power
gMr; horse rakes; horseshoes; hydraulic mams; iron brackets; iron
kettle ears; ironwork for wagons, carriages, carts, and baggies;
Japanned and lacquered ware ; kettles and preserving pans, copper
and brass; kitchen ranges; ladles; lamp posts; leadeuware; letters
and fleures, wrought-iron or steel; levers, forged i links, connecting
or split; lifts, warehouse; manger rings; mangles; marine engine
cranks and pillars ; maul rings ; meat hooks ; monkej's for pile driving ;
ornamental grating s; oven doors and frames : painted and brass cases
for engines; pepper, malt, bean, and oat miila; picks and mattocks;
pipes, wrougnt-Iix>n (except welded) ; plyers ; portable forges ; pully
Dlocks; pumps; quan^ maols and picks; quoits; railwav chairs;
range cocks; rings ana starts; rivets, iron; rods, connecting; sack
trucks: safes and Doxes, iron; sash weights; shafting, bright wroughlr
iron ; sluice valves, iron ; soldering irons ; springs and .scrolls, cart,
carriage, and buggy; stands, iron ; stationary or portable engines, or
jMurtsof them; stench tai^ps; tinned ware and ironware, stamped; tin-
ware ; troughs ; truck wheels : toe irons, cast and water ; union Joints ;
washers, black and galvanized ; wedges ; wheelbarrows, wrought-iron ;
whe^ wrought-iron; winches; wiro netting; wiiework; zlncware,
including perforated zinc.
Medicines, patent or called patent, not containing spirits, being medici-
nal preparations or compositions recommended to the public as proprie-
tary medicines, or prepared according to some private formula or
secret art, asjemedies or specifics for any disease or diseases or affec-
tions whatever affecting the human or animal body, or being subject
to a stamp duty in the country from whence they aro exported.
Mndcid instruments (including second-hand), being pianofortes, organs,
and all parts thereof, and harmoniums, including pianoforte actions
made up (except action-work in separate pieces, including rails and
keys).
Paper and cardboard boxes (not containing goods ordinarily imported
toerein).
Plaitings of all kinds
Boohings
Saddles and harness, leatherware or articles made up of leather, or any
manufacture of which leather is the most valuable part, including
whips of any description, and trunks and portmanteaus.
Wickerware
Bate of daty.
85 per c«nt ad valorem.
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Do.
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
670
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
Imported Vy land or sea — Continued.
Artiolea.
Woodenwure, inclndiiiff belloirs, picture fnuoM, and wooden bamee,
tnmery (except billUi^ balls in tne rongh) ; Btavea, sbaped or dressed,
and casks, and flnisbed timber not otherwise enomerated (except art*
ists' materials, engravers* boxwood, shafts and poles in the rough, ash
oars, gilt moldings and headings used in the mannCsctnre of picture
frames of wood or other materials, but not ornamental composition
moldings in the white, not gilt).
Ajgricultaral implements (see exemption list)
Blaoking
Brownware and tiles
Carpeting and dmggeting
Clocks .•
Fireworks
Fnmitnre oil and paste
Gloves
Oroand coal and charcoal (see exemption list)
Hosiery (except of cotton, linen, ana elastic silk stockings for surgical
purposes or otherwise specified).
Leather:
Calf and kid
Patent and colored fancy leathers
All other leathers (except crust or rough- tanned hog-skins, calf and
goat and sumac-tanned sheep).
Cut into shapes, including elastic-side uppers and Wellington legs,
clogs and pattens.
Manufacuired stationery, including account-books, printed checks, bill-
heads, and other printed or ruledpaper, blotting-pads, sketch-blocks,
manifold writers, albums, and all kinds of Jewel, dressing, and writing
cases (excepting pens, pen-holders, pencils, pencil-cases, and slates).
Marble and stone, wrought (except slate slabs not wholly manufactured,
lithographic stones, and stones for milling and grinding purposes).
Hatting of all kinds
Oilcloths and other floor cloths
Oilmen's stores (except essential oils and essences not containing alco-
hol), packed in bottles, Jars, canisters, or vessels not exceeding one
reputed quart in size.
Plated and mixed metal ware (except door-handles, locks, shaft-tips,
stump and finger Joints, and slot irons used in carriage building, bar-
ness mountings and plated hames).
SUks:
All manufactures containing silk (except pongees, hatters' silk plush,
umbrella silk, silk for flour dressing, silk fags, oil silk, fringes,
tassels, and gimp for fnmitnre, reps, oamasks, and other material
for coverins lumiture).
Silks in the plfcce laiown as pongees
Tents and tarpaolins
Washing, baking, andSeidlitr powders ....'
Watches
Woolen blankets or blanketing, rugs and rugging
Woolen piece goods, being vestings, trouserings, coatings, and shirtings,
containg wool ; broadcloths, witneys, naps, and flannels.
All dress piece goods containing wool
ASrated or mineral waters
Combs
Gold and silver lejf
Grease, anti-fHction
Oilmen's stores not otherwise enomerated (except isinglass, uncut)
Perfumery
Seeds, canary
Springs, sofa, chair, and other furniture
Slypes, brass, type-holders, ornamental rolls and line fillets, for book-
binders.
Sate of dn^.
25 per cent, ad valoreai.
20 per cent ad valorem.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
7| per cent, ad valorem.
10 per cent, ad valorem.
20 per cent, ad valorem.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
10 per cent, ad valorem.
20 per cent, ad valorem.
Do.
Do.
Do.
15 per cent, ad valorem.
71 per cent, ad valorem.
10 per cent ad valorem.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
EXPORTED BY LAND AND SEA.
Timber, known as redgum (on and after September 1, 1880) 10«. per 100 sup. ft
Scrap iron (on and after November 15, 1877) £3 per ton.
ARTICLES EXEMPT FROM DUTY.
The undermentioned articles shall be exempt from duties of customs on importation into Victoria
bv land or sea, namely: All minor articles of mixed or undescribed materials used in the making up
of apparel, or of boots and shoes, or of bats, or of saddlery, or of umbrellas, or of parasols, or of sun-
shaaes, and all surgical instruments or appliances, provided that such minor articles or surgical instru-
ments or appliances are entunerated in anj' order of the commissioner, and published in the 6ovemm«it
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 571
Gazette ; aUpaokAges, second-hand, in -vrbioh ships' stores hare been imported; all packages in which
goods are ordinarily imported, not otherwise enumerated ; ships' fittings ; passengers' baggage, being
cabin fnmitare and personal luggage ; and second-hand fomitnre accompanving any passenger which
has been in snch^;>a8sengeT's own use, np to fifty pounds in value, and wnicn is not importea for sale;
ground animal charcoal : all carriages and other Tenides used in the conveyance of passengers or goods
across the fh>ntier whicn have been registered with the ofilcers of customs nearest tne place where such
carriage or other vehicle may plv or nass, and in such manner as the commissioner may by any order
from time to time approve; woras of art; fresh olives and candle nuts; and, from the thirtieth day of
July, one thousand egiht hundred and seventy-nine, until the thirtieth day of June, one thousand eight
hundred and eighty, inclusive, agricultural instruments known as reapers and binders.
PETEB LALOR,
CommUtUmer qf Trade and Outtovu.
Detabtmesst of Tradk a yd Cubtoms,
Deeeniber 18, 1879.
HEW ZEALAND TAEIFF.
REPORT BY CONSUL GRIFFIN, OF AUCKLAND.
I have the honor to report that an act of Parliament was passed (see
copy inclosed) on the 24th of last September making material alterations
in the castoms and excise duties of New Zealand. The new law went
into effect on the Ist of October, 1881. Hitherto the costom daties of the
colony have been imposed chiefly with a View of raisinga revenue rather
than for the purpose of encouraging home manufactures and industries,
but it appears from the changes recently made that the Government is
now very favorably inclined toward the policy of protection. For in-
stance, heretofore bacon and hams were admitted free, but now a duty
of 2 pence (4 cents) per pound is charged upon them. It is thought that
this tax will drive American hams and bacon fi*om the market. The New
Zealand hams and bacon are of fair quality, but they do not begin to
compare in excellence and flavor with those from the United States.
Indeed. American pork is so much liked here that some time will elapse
before New Zealand merchants will cease to import it. The hogs raised
in the provinces of Canterbury and Otago are corn fed, which, ot course,
improves the quality of New Zealand pork, but the art of curing hams
and bacon is not yet fully understood in this colony. The best New
Zealand hams that have come under my observation were cured by I.
T. Green and 1. Gilmor & Co. Their wholesale price is from G^d. to l^d.
(13 to 15 cents) per pound. This is fully 8 cents per pound lower than
the American hams.
Jams and jellies. — An extra duty of 1 J pence (3 cents) per pound has
been levied on jams, jellies, and marmalade. It is believed that this was
done to encourage fruit-growing and the manufacture of jams and jellies.
Maize. — Maize is also heavily taxed; the duty charged on that article
now is 9 pence (18 cents) per 100 pounds, equal to about 10 cents per
bushel. This tax is hailed with great satisfaction by the settlers of
Opotiki and the oast coast, and some argue that the duty should be
doubled and trebled, so as to place importers at a still greater disadvan-
tage.
Fancy and scented soaps. — Amongst the articles which ap^iear to be
strongly protected are fancy and scented sopps. The duty on them was
formerly 15 per cent, ad valorem, but it has been raised to 25 per cent,
ad valorem. Several firms have been engaged for many years in manu-
facturing toilet soaps, notably M. Bardsley & Son and McLeod Brothers,
572
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUii TRIES.
at Danedin. The former firm, established in 1859, quote seven varities
in toilet soaps and eight varities in soaps for domestic use, namely :
Toilet soaps. — Old brown Windsor, New Zealand rose squares, trans-
parent glycerine tablets and bars, oat-meal soap, assorted squares and
oval tablets, marbled glycerine squares, coal-tar soap.
Price$ of domesiio 9oap9 and candles.
SOAPS.
DeMription.
Prize pale (star brand) .
People's soap
Carbolic disinfectant .
Lanndry
Blae mottled
3-crown ,
2-crown
Household
Grocers' price.
Per bar.
U. dd. to. 1». id.
Kew brand
do
U.
lld.tol«.
7d. to Bd.
5d.to6d.
Bardaley's
selling price.
Per bar.
U. Id.
U.
u.
lOd.
lOd.
M.
Od.
4d.
Buying in quantities the prices quoted are :
Prize pale (8tar brand), box of 1 cwt 22s.
Prize pale Tstar brand), box of ^ cwt 168.
Prize pale (star brand), box of I cwt 89. 6d.
People's soap, box of 1 cwt 1 28«. ;
29a.;
25».;
28^.;
22».;
17«.;
13«.:
Carbolic do
Lanndry do
Blue mottled do
3-crown do
^crown do
Household.... do
i cwt. 14«.
i cwt. 15«.
i cwt. 13«.
i cwt. 14«. 6<f.
i cwt. 11». 6d.
i cwt. 9«.
iowt. 6«. 6d.
CANDLES.
De Roubaix's (sperm), per box of 25 poands 9d, per pound.
** " 6-ponnd packets d^. per pound.
" " 1-ponnd packets lOd. per pound.
Superior mold, per box of 12 pounds bd. per pound.
** ** 4-pound packets fH^I- per pound.
** 1-pound packets 6d. per pound.
a
Also, paraffine, bedroom, piano,' and carriage candles.
It is worthy of remark here that the Kew Zealand manufacturer sells
the latter staple at a considerable reduction on the grocers' and other
vendors' prices.
MAIZENA AND CORN FLOUR.
Maizena, and com flour is now taxed at 1 shilling (25 cents) per 100
pounds. Last year it was free. Two years ago the duty on it was 2
shillings (50 cents) per 100 pounds. I am at a loss for a satisfaetory
explanation of these frequent changes.
IRON NAILS.
Iron nails are taxed at 2 shillings (48 cents) per 100 pounds.
AMERICAN PRODUCTS.
A large number of American products upon which a duty of 15 per
cent, ad valorem was charged now come in free. They are as follow^s :
Axes, hatchets, spades, shovels, picks, iron-wire netting, carriage mate-
rial, cloth, shafts, spokes, felloes, prints, tailors' trimmings, brown can-
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 573
vas, silesias, verona, Italian cloth, flexible coat and vest metal and bone
buttons, eilk, worstedj and cotton binding and braids, sewing cotton,
silks, and thread, and rough brown hoUand.
Since the said tariff went into operation the inspector of customs has
informed me that there have been some discussions affecting certain
goods which were supposed to come in free. For instance, cretonness
chintzes^ plain, colored, and printed sateens, cotton, Italian cloth-wool,
cotton French sateen, and muslins of all kinds are taxed 15 per cent, aa
valorem. Wincey, which in fact has the. appearance of wool, although
cotton, is admitted free, and so are the various kinds of cotton shirtings
which look like wool. Window hoUands and similar curtains are taxed
likewise. Turkey red and twill, wood oil baize, oatmeal cloth, book
muslin, fancy and white muslin, Madras and Indian muslin, all pay a
duty of 16 per cent, ad valorem. This duty of 16 per cent, is in reality
16J percent. For instance, the custom-house authorities add 10 per
cent, on every invoice of goods; that is, for every $100, 10 per cent, is
added on cost for expense in importing, which makes $110; add to this
15 per cent, ad valorem, would make 16J per cent, on first cost of goods.
•
TOBACCO AND SPIRITS.
The excise duty on .tobacco has been reduced from 3 shillings and six-
pence (87^ cents) to 1 shilling (25 cents) per pound. In a former report
to the Department of State I expressed the opinion that some parts of
the North Island of New Zealand were especially adapted to the growth
of the best qualities of tobacco, but the duty hitherto proved a bar to
its production or the establishment of manufactories. Already several
American houses in New Zealand have opened manufactories for tobacco,
and it is thought that they will prove successful. It will be seen from
the act altering the duties and excise that in lieu of the duty imposed
by the third section of "the excise duties act, 1874," there shall be
paid on all spirits distilled within the colony the following excise duty:
On ever>' gallon of spirits, of proof, and so on in proportion for any
greater or less strength of proof, and for any greater or less quantity
than a gallon, eight shillings per gallon, and such rate of duty shall
(unless previously altered by the general assembly) remain in force until
the 31st day of December, 1886.
DRAWBACKS.
If excise duties are increased before the 31st of December, 1886, no
claim for compensation can be entertained. The governor is empow-
ered to specify articles on which drawbacks may be allowed, provided
that no drawback of duty shall be allowed on spirits, cordials, liquors,
bitters, tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, snuff, opium, wine, coffee (ground),
chicory, spices, perfumery, and jewelry, nor shall drawbacks be allowed
on any goods which shall be of less value than the amount of draw-
back claimed in respect thereof. A drawback of full duty paid on impor-
tation may be allowed on any goods entitled to drawback of duties if ex-
ported in original packages as imported; provided that the number and
dat^ on which the import duty was paid be satisfied in entry for draw-
back, and in case of goods liable to ad valorem duty, that original
stamped invoices, according to which duty was paid when goods were
unpacked, be produced along with such entry, and if the collector thinks
fit that goods be compared therewith prior to being shipped, and pro-
vided, also, that the officer of customs in every case satisfies himself
574
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES.
and certifies on the entry that sach goods are in aU respects in the same
condition and are of the same value as when entered for duty on im-
portation. A minimum penalty of £200 is imposed for entering goods
not entitled to drawback or for entering at a higher rate than allowed-
THE EFFECT OF THE NEW TARIFF.
The encouragement given to the manufacturers of perfumes and other
articles in whidi spirits are necessary ingredients, will, it is supposed,
largely increase the manufacture of these articles. Heretofore the manu-
facturers have labored under great disadvantages, the duty on spirits
alone being 14 shillings (about $3.50) per gallon, and they had to pay
a still higher duty per gallon for spirits above proof. For the manu-
facture of perfumery the strongest spirits of wine is necessaiy; that
which is most generally in use is 60 O. C). P. (above proof), and cost the
manufacturer in duty alone fully $5.50 per gallon. Tbe new act, as pre-
viously mentioned, does away with this duty under certain restrictions,
thus allowing perfumery, and other toilet articles in which spirits are
used) to be manufactured in liond. Moreover, all imitorted perfumed
spirits and cologne water are taxed at the i*ate of lil shillings ($5.25)
per gallon. While the new tarili' will attbrd protection to a limited num-
ber of home manufacturers, it is questionable wJiether it will increase
the revenue of the colony or not ; indeed, many are of the opinion that
it will cause a perceptible falling off in the customhouse receipts.
THE REVENUE OF NEW ZEALAND.
^ If the revenue of New Zealand is to be taken as evidence of the pros-
perity of the colony, the returns for the quarter ending September 30,
1881, certainly show a very gratifying state of affairs. The total rev-
enue collected at all tbe ports of New Zealand for said quarter was
$19,402.15, against $15,626.40 for the corresponding quarter of 1880.
1 give below a table showing the general revenue of New Zealand
for each year since 1870.
Bevenue of the Colony of New Zealand for each year from 1870 to 1880, tfio7i(«ir«.
1870 15,923,195
1871 5,710,580
1872 8,374,080
1873 13,881,940
1874 15,343,060
1875 14,069,t)40
1876 $17,901,470
1877 19,580,015
1878 20,839,445
1879 15,674,525
1880 17,799,410
DUTY ON STATIONERY.
All articles under this heading are taxed with ad valorem duty of 15
per cent., together with 10 per cent, added on the amount of invoice,
or, in other words, the goods are valued by the Government as being
10 per cent, more value to the importer when receiving them. Small
articles in silk for office use in binding legal documents are also sub-
jected to an ad valorem duty of 15 per cent, with the additional 10 per
cent, already referred to. There are exemptions in stationery, the util-
ity of which is not altogether clear to me, for instance: ''Paper, writing
and machine made, of siises not less than the size known as demy (20 by
15^ inches), when in original wrappers, and with uncut edges as it leaves
the mill." An importer of this staple is exempted from an ad valorem
of 15 per cent, and 10 per cent, as above explained, by ordering the
i^oods unruled and with uncut edges.
TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES. 575
There is, I believe, a monopoly of these goods existing here. Every-
thing of this kind in use by the law and commercial community is im-
ported from England, and the prices of this staple are exorbitant in the
extreme.
G. W. GEHPFrsr, ConsuL
United States Consulate,
Auckland^ HT.'Z.j October 28, 1881.
AN ACT to Alter the duties of onstoms and ezoiae.
[24<A September, 1881.1
» • • • • • •
2. On and after the first day of October, one thonsand eight hundred and eighty-
one, in lieu of the duties of customs heretofore chargeable on the articles next herein-
after mentioned, there shall be levied, collected^ and paid to Her Majesty, her heirs
and successors, upon the same on importation into the colony, or on being cleared
from any warehouse for home consumption, the several duties following, namely :
£ 8. d.
Baeonandhams 0 0 2 thelb.
Ironnails... 1 0 2 0 the cwt.
Iron tanks, of and under 200 gallons 0 2 6 each.
rthe pound, or reputed pack-
age of that weight, and so
Jams, JeUies, marmalade, and preserves.... 0 0 1^^ in proportion for packages
of greater or less reputed
, weight.
Haize 0 0 9 the 100 lb.
Maizena and com flour 0 10 the 100 lb.
Soap, scented and fancy 25 per cent, ad valorem,
Woolpacks, of the kind known as ''wool
pockets^'' and not exceeding the measure-
ment oiltix 21 x 30 inches 0 1 3 the dozen.
3. The articles next hereinafter mentioned shall be exempt from duties of customs
on the importation thereof into the colony, namely:
Alum.
Axes and hatchets.
Borax.
Calicoes, white and gray, in the piece.
Carriage materials — namely, American cloth, shafts, spokes, feUoes, naves, and tacks.
Chaff.
Cheese cloth.
Colored cotton shirtings, in the piece.
Corduroy (cotton), in the piece.
Cotton oreiBS prints, navy blue, or other similar description of cotton piece goods.
Gold size.
Hessian bags.
Iron-wire netting.
Moleskin, in the piece.
Nitric acid.
Bough brown hoUand, in the piece.
Sewing cottons, silks and threads.
Spades, shovels, and forks.
Tailorr trimmings — namelv, black and brown canvas, silesias, verona, Italian cloth;
flexible coat and vest, metal, and bone buttons; silk, worsted, and cotton bindings
and braids.
4. Section 4 of ''the customs tariff act, 1880,'' is herebv repealed.
5. In lieu of the bonus specified in section twelve of "the tobacco act, 1879,'' the
following provision shall take effect, on and after the passage of this act, namely :
The dntv upon tobacco manufactured in the colony from tobacco grown in the
colony shall be one shilling the pound; and this rate of duty shall remain in force
until the thirty-first day of December, one thousand eight himdred and eighty-six,
unless previously alt-ered by act of the general assemby.
6. If the excise duty on New Zealand grown and manufactured tobacco be increased
before the thirty-first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-six,
or if the laws or regulations respecting the manuDEtcture of tobacco in the colony be
676 TARIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES^
altered or amended before that date, no claim for compensation shall be entertained
or snm of money be paid ont of the public moneys of the colony to any tobacco mana-
faotorer or person m any way interested in the growth, manufacture, or sale of
tobacco, in respect of such increase of duty, or alteration of laws or regnlations re-
specting the manufacture of tobacco.
7. The commissioner of customs may from time to time approve and appoint ware-
houses or places of security at any port for the manufacture therein, under such con-
ditions as he may from time to time prescribe in that behalf, of perfumery and other
articles in which spirit is a necessary in£n^dient; and he may make regulations for
removing spirits to and securing them at such warehouses or places, and he may di-
rect in what cases, and with what sureties, and to what amount security by bond or
otherwise shall be required in respect of an^ such warehouse or place, or in respect of
any spirits deposited therein ; and any spirits when manufactured into perfumery or
other articles so that the same shall not be potable may be delivered free of duty.
8. The twelfth and thirteenth sections of 'Hhe drawbacks act, 1872/' and the whole
of 'Hhe drawbacks act amendment act, 1873," shall be and are hereby repealed on
and from the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and eighty- two.
9. The governor may, by order in council from time to time, specifiy the articles on
which a drawback of duty paid on importation into New Zealand may be allowed on
exportation therefrom, and the rate of drawback to be so allowed ; and may alter and
cancel any such order, and may approve of regulations and conditions under which
drawbacks may be allowed : Provided that no drawback of duty shall be allowed on
spirits, cordials, liqueurs, bitters, tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, snuff, opium, wine, coffee
(ground), chicory, spices, perfumery, and jewelry ; nor shall drawback be allowed on
any goods which shall be of less vaJue than the amount of drawback claimed in re-
spect thereof.
10. A drawback of the full duty paid ou importation may be allowed on any goods
entitled to drawback of duties, if exported in original packages as imported : I^vided
that the number and date of the entry on which the import duty was paid be speci-
fied in the entry for drawback, and, in the case of goods liable to ad valorem duty,
that the ori^nal stamped invoices according to which the duty was paid when the
foods were imported be produced alon^ with such entry, and, if the collector thinks
t, that the goods be compared therewith prior to being shipped : And provided also
that the proper officer of customs in every case satisfies himself, and certifies on the
entry, that such goods are in all respects in the same condition and are of the same
value as when they were entered for duty on importation.
11. The commissioner of customs may from time to time make regulations for the
repacking, clearance, and shipment of goods entitled to be cleared for drawback, and
from time to time may alter or cancel such regulations.
12. If any person shall knowingly enter or attempt to enter for drawback any goods
not entitled to drawback, or at a higher rate of drawback than is for the time being
allowed on such goods, or at a higher value for drawback than the fair market value
of such goods at the port at which the same are entered for drawback, or as of a
greater quantity or weight ^lan the actual quantity or weight of such goods, he shall
forfeit the sum of two hundred pounds, or treble the value of the goods, or treble the
amount of the drawback claimea, at the election of the commissioner of customs ; and
all such goods, and the packages containing the same, together with all other goods
contained therein, shall be forfeited.
13. Every sum of money which shall have been overpaid as duties of customs, or
which shall be due upon any drawback debenture, or any certificate or other instru-
ment for the payment of any money out of the duties of customs, may be paid by any
collector of customs ont of any customs revenue in his hands, in such manner as the
commissioner of customs may direct, and every such payment shall be allowed by the
controller and auditor-general in -the settling or auditing of the accounts of the
customs.
14. The duties of customs imposed by this act shall be raised, levied, collected, and
paid under the provisions of ** the customs regulation act, 1858,'' and ** the customs
regulation act amendment act, 1868," and subject also to all such provisions and
regulations as may for the time being be in force for the collection, management, and
receipt of the duties of customs in the colony ; and all fines, forfeitures, penali ies, and
charges recoverable under this act may be recovered ana applied in the manner di-
rected by **the customs regulation act, 1858," and ''the customs regulation act
ameudment act, 1868."
15. The provisions of ''the customs tariff act, 1866," ''the customs tariff act,
1873," "the customs tariff act, 1878," "the customs tariff act, 1879," and "the
customs tariff act, 1880," not inconsist with or expressly altered by or under this
act, shall be read with and as part of this act.
48th Congress, \ SENATE. i Bkpoby
1st Session. J ( No. 652.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 14, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Camden, from the Committee on Peusions, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany bill H. R. 2b77.]
Tlie Committee on Pensionsj to whom was re/erred the bill {H. B. 2677)
granting a pension to Mary P. MacBlair^ have carefully considered the
same and the papers therewith submitted^ and report :
Your committee adopt the report of the House committee in this case
as containing a substantial statement of the facts, which report is as
follows :
Mr. G. W. Hewitt, from the Committee on Pensions, subniitted the following report,
to accompany bill H. R. 2677 :
The Committee on Pennons^ to whom waa referred the hill {H, R, 2677} granting a pention
to Mary P, MacBlair^ have had the acme under conaiderationf and eubmit the following
report:
Miss Mary P. MacBlair is the daughter of the late Tliomas P. MaoBlair, who served
in the Navy as pnrser from November 11, 1839, to his death, Febmary 17, 1857. He
died on board the Merrimac, aft«r more than seventeen years of ardnoas and gallant
service. Three children survived him, his wife having died one year previoas to his
death. His children were granted a pension, at the rate of $30 a month, from the
father's death till May 12, 1870, when the youngest had reached the age of sixteen
years. Purser MacBlair died poor, leaving his children nothing save a good name.
One of the children is now dead. Of the two surviving Alice is insane and is confined
in an asylum ; the other, Mary P., who seeks relief at the hands of Congress, made
her own living until her health gave way under hard work, and her eyes began to
fail. Added to her blindness is serious spinal disease, and she is wholly incapable of
earning a living. She has no home and no relatives able to aid her. At present she is
in a charitable institution in Philadelphia, but will not be permitted to remain there
longer than two or three months. Being as helpless now as when her father died, she
needs the protecting care of the Government which that father so gallantly served,
and your committee think her claims for a pension as strong now as they were when
nhe was an infant. The general pension laws now give pensions to children of tender
years bec^ause it is presumed that they are unable to support themselves uutil they
are sixteen years of age. But if from sickness or any physical or mental cause a sol-
dier's child is unable to earn a living, the spirit of the law would require that the
pension be continued.
Your committee, under the exceptional circumstances of this case,
report the bill favorably, with the following amendment: In line eight,
after the words " at the rate of,'' strike out *' thirty dollars" and insert
'^ fifteen dollars," and recommend the passage of the bill as amended
as stated.
48th Congress, ) SENATE. i Report
\st SesHion. I I No. 663.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 15, 1884. — Ordered to be printed.
Mr. CuLLOM, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following
REPORT:
fTo accompauy bills S. 1180 and H. R. 1406.]
The Committee on Pensions^ to ichom were re/erred the hills {8, 1180 and
H. B, 140G) granting a pension to Mrs, Mary T. Barnes, having had the
same under consideration, report a^ follows:
Mrs. Barnes is the widow of the late Brig and Bvt. Maj. Gen. Joseph
K. Banies, SurgeonGeneral United States Army, who died in Wash-
ington, D. C, April 6, 1883. General Barnes was appointed assistant
surgeon in the Army in June, 1840, and served continuously for forty-
two years until placed upon the retired list by operation of law, having
been promoted at intervals until he became Surgeon-Geyeral, with the
rank of brigadier-general, in August, 1862. His active service in the
field and on the frontier was unusually varied. He served in the Sem-
inole war in Florida and throughout tlie Mexican war. In the late war
he was at the head of the Medical Bureau of the Army. His profes-
sional aid and counsel were sought at the bedside of two dying Presi-
dents. In the general order announcing the death of General Barnes,
Adjutant-General Drum, referring to his attendance upon the late
President Garfield, said:
Daring tliese long-protracted boura of anxiety and care bis own bealtb gave way,
And from tbat moment to tbe time of bi.s deatb be was an invalid.
His career was one of bonor to bimself and of great service to bis conntry.
The committee submit heiewith a statement of the military service
of General Barnes, by R. O. Drum, Adjutant-General of the At'my ; also
his General Order No. 22, announcing his death.
Headqiarters of the Army^
Adjctant-General's Office,
Waahingtany January 23, 1884.
Statement of the military service of Joacph K. liarne^j of the United States Army.
[Compiled fVom the records of this oflSce.]
He was appointed assistant suigeon United States Army, Jnne 15, 1840; assistant
surgeon (captaiu) United States Army, February 11, 1H47, and surgeon (major) United
States Army, August 29, 1856: medicaHnspector United States Volunteers, with the rank
of lieatenant-colonel, February 9, 1863 ; and medical inspector-general United States
Volunteers, with the rank of colonel, August 10, 1863. The latter appointment was
vacated Angust 31, 1-64, he having been appointed Surgeon -General United States
Army, with the rank of brigadier-general, to date from August 22, 1864.
For faithful and meritorious services during the war he received the brevet of major-
general United States Army, to date from March 13, 1865.
He served at the United States Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., from July 10,
1840, to November 9, 1840, and in the field (Florida war) to July 15, 1843; on leave
to October 15, 1843 ; on duty at Fort Jesnp, La., to April 14, 1846 ; in the tL^V^^^^x
2 MART T. BARNES.
with Mexico) to Febrnary 20, 1848 ; at Batou Rouge, La., to October 15, 1848 : in the
field aud at Fort Croghan, Tex., to Aaga^t 23, 1850 ; at Baltimore City and Fort
McHenry, Md., to March %, 1h51 ; at Fort Scot, Mo., to October 10, 1852; at Fort
LcMiven worth, Kans., to May 7,1853; and at Fort Riley, Kan8.,to October 20, 1853;
awaiting enters at Philadelphia, Pa., and before medical examining board to Decem-
ber 20, 1853; on dnty at the Uniteil States Military Academy, West Point, N. T.,
from Jaunary 3, 1854, to June 1, 1857 ; at San Francisco, Cal., to some time in Angust,
1857; and at Fort Vanconver, Wash., to June 24, 1861 ; awaiting orders to Angust 22,
1861 ; on duty as medical din^ctor of Greneral Hunter's command, in Missouri, to No-
vember 20, 1861 ; as medical director Department of Kansas, at Fort Leavenworth, to
some time in March, 1862; on hospital duty ai Saint Louis, Mo., to some time in May,
1862; at Washington, D. C, as attending surgeon and medical inspector, to August
10, 1863; as medical inspector-general to Septem)>er 3, 1863; as acting Surgeon-Gen-
era! to August 22, 1864 ; and as Surgeon-General United States Army to June 30, 1882 ;
when, by o|>eration of law, being over sixty-four years of age, he was retired from
active service, under the provisions of section 1 of the act of Congress approved June
30, l>-82. He died at Washington, D. C, April 5, 1883, of cirrhosis of the kidneys.
R. C. DRUM,
Adjutant'General,
[General Orders No. 22.]
Headquarters of the Army,
Adjutant-General^s Office,
JViiskitigtoiiy April 5, 1883.
The following order has been received from the War Department, and is published
to the Army :
Brevet Major-Geueral Joseph K. Barnes, brigadier-general. United States Army (re-
tire<l), late Surgeon-General of the Army, died at his residence in this city at 2 oVlock
this morning. He entered the service as assistant surgeon June 15, 1840 ; was promoted
surgeon, with the rank of major, August 29, 1856; medical inspector, with the rank
of lieulenant-colonel, February 9, 18(3; medical inspector-general, with the rank of
colonel, Angust 10, 1863 ; and' Surgeon-General, with the rank of brigadier-general,
August *^, 1864. He was retired nrom active service, by operation of law, June 30,
18^.
He served with distinction in the Florida war against the Seminole Indians ; in the
war with Mexico, and in the war with the States in rebellion. For faithful, merito-
rious, and distinguished services in this last war the brevets of brigadier-general and
major-general, United States Army, were conferred upon him.
He was eminent, skillful, and successful in his profession as surgeon aud physician,
and distinguished for great administrative ability as the head of the Medical Depart-
ment. Under the fostering care of Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, he accom-
Slishtid the successful establishment of the Medical History of the War, and of the
[edical Museum ; aud he brought the Medical Department to the highest state of ef-
ficiency.
During the tronblous times of the late war he earned the unbounded confidence of
the Secretary of War, Mr. Stanton, and held it unshaken to the last. At the time of
the^assassination of President Lincoln, and the attempted assassination of Secretary
Seward, he attended the death-bed of the one and ministered with untiring energy
and pkill to the successful restoration of the other. So, during the long illness of
President Garfield he was one <>f the distinguished surgeons who, for days and nights,
served with devoted duty in the sick chamber of the dying President. During uiese
long-protracted hours of anxiety and care his own health gave way, and from that
moment to the lime of his death he was an invalid. ^
His career was one of honor to himself and of great service to his country.
Bv command of General Sherman.
R. C. DRUM,
AdjuUint- GeneraL
4dTH Congress, ) SENATE. i Bbpobt
Ist Session. ( \ No. 554.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Mat 15, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Blaib, from the Oommittee on Pensions, sabmitted the following
REPORT:
TTo accompany bill H. R. 5259.]
The Oommittee on Pensions^ to whom was referred the hill (H. R. 5259) grant-
ing a pension to Julia A. Ross, have considered the same, and respectfully
report:
The principal facts in this case are set forth in a report of the Gom-
mittee on Invalid Pensions (H. B. Beport 285, Forty-seventh Congress,
first session), which we insert here, as follows:
Julia A. Ross is the widow of Michael M. Ross, who enlisted as private in Company
I, Vint Re^ment United States Artillery, January 2, 1850, and who died of disease
while in said service, Au^nst 10, 1852. The claimant has remained his widow since
his death, and is now quite aged, infirm, and poor.
The claim was rejected because there is no law authorizing the payment of snch
claim for pension.
In yiew of the fact that claimant's husband lost his life while in the military serv-
ice of the United States, the committee think claimant shonld be pensioned, and
recommend the passage of the bill.
The record evidence shows he died in the service in 1852, but the
claim was rejected becanse it was during a time of peace. We append
the petition of claimant, and recommend the passnge of the bill with an
amendment.
Amend by adding to the bill the words, ^Hhis pension to be in full
of pension to which she may hereafter become entitled by general laws."
Washington, D.C., April 1, 1884.
Gbntuembn : Your petitioner, Julia A. Ross, widow of the late Michael M. Ross,
late private in Company I, First Regiment, Uniti'd States Artillery, who died August
10, 1852, with his company at San Diego, Cal., begs leave to offer the following state-
ment, viz :
The cause of my'husband's death was pneumonia, contracteil iu the Hue of duty
from over-exertion of double duty, acting as soldier and baker for his company. Since
his death I have remained a widow and maintained myself without asking any aid
fh>m Government, and supported a helpless family of grandchildren (children of a
soldier), of my sister, since ner.death. Prior to her death she was employed for eight-
een years in the Soldiers' Orphan Asylum in the city of Philadelphia. These chil-
dren 1 supported until they were able to take care of themselves. Also, my youngest
brother^ on whom I depended, entered the United States Army during the rebellion.
Ait-er his term expired nis health was snch that I was compelled to take care of him
nntil his death. For this I never asked or received any pension.
These cases used up all my resources and left me destitute in my old age, and I am
JUUA A. Bom.
thfumtun coBpeDed to Appeal to jwr ^ftwity to place
fir tlw eerrieee leodeted by wkj tiMhend to hie eevrtij. If I caa o^ reeeirB &•
of ay hoebaad, wkick I tkink I aa jaslly catiaed fa, I wfll W pcrieeti^a*-
which I iMipa yoar hoaofmble bod j will gnml aa to aapiimt wmj dfieliaiag
JULIA A. S068.
Hie Hob. tbe CuMMiriiat ov FmMsuam,
48th Congress, \ SENATE. ( Report
Ist Session. \ \ Ko. 556.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 15, 1884. — Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Mitchell, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the fol-
lowing
REPORT:
[To accompany biU H. R. 1065.]
T?ie Committee on Pensions^ to whom was referred the bill (R. R. 1065)
granting an increase of pension to Oeorge F. Dresser j have considered the
sams^ and report:
The facts in this case are correctly set forth in the report made by
the Committee on Invalid Pensions of the House of Eepresentatives
during the present session (H. Report No, 260), as follows:
The petitioner, George F. Dresser, enlisted in the service of the United States Sep-
tember 14, 1861, as a private in Company A, Thirty-fifth Regiment New York Volun-
teers, and was honorably discharged on the 14th day of September, 1863. At the
battle of Fredericksburg, Va., December 13^ 1862, he was wounded by a sheU, before
exploding, his left leg ueing nearly cut on, and it was subsequently amputated by
reason of said wound. At the same time he was seriously wounded in the left foot.
He was sent to Saint Elizabeth Hospital, Washington, and was discharged, as above
stated, on the 13th day of September, 1863. The petitioner is unable- to wear an
artiticial leg, the stump being so short as to render it impracticable to strap or bind
the same, so as to keep it in position. It was repeatedly tried and finally abandoned,
and he is obliged to walk with crutches. Was first allowed a pension of $8 a month
from the time of his discharge, which was increased June 6, 1866, to $15, and after-
wards, on the 10th day of July, 1872, to $18. The proofs in the case are complete,
and there is no question raised as to the disability or of the fact that he is unable to
perform manual labor. The committee think it a proper case for an increase of
pension, and therefore recommend the passage of biU H. R. 1065.
The report of the examining surgeon shows that the leg of the claim-
ant was amputated 2 inches below the knee, leaving a stump so short
that he is in a worse condition than he would have been had the leg
been amputated above the knee. He is now receiving a pension of $24
per month, under the provisions of the act of March 3, 1883. It is pro-
posed to increase this amount to $30, the amount to which the claimant
would be entitled under the general law if the amputation had been at
or above the knee. Your committee, in view of the great disability of
this claimant, believe that he comes within the spirit though not within
the letter of the law, and recommend the passage of the bill.
48th Congress, ) SENATE. i Report
l8t 8tssion. ] \ No. 556.
IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.
Mat 15, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Jackson, firom the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following
REPORT:
The Committee on Pensions j to whom was re/erred tJie petition of Mary J.
French, having carefully examined the samCj report a^ follows:
Mary J. French, widow of Dearborn P. French, late private in Com-
pany B, Thirty-second Illinois Volunteers, was pensioned April 9, 1880,
at $8 per month from February 26, 1863, tne date of the soldier's death,
with $2 per month increase on account of one child under sixteen years
of age. The acts of January 25 and March 3, 1879, do not allow her
additional pension, and her application to the Commissioner of Pensions
was rejected upon these grounds.
In accordance with said acts your committee recommend the indefi-
nite postponement of the petition.
48th Congress, > SENATE. i Eepobt
Ut Session. ) \ No. 557.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 15, 1884. — Ordered to be printed.
Mr. GuLLOM, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany bill S. 1337. ]
The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred the bill {8. 1337) grant-
ing an increase of pension to Lucy L. G. Jefftrs, have had the same un-
der considerationj and report as follows:
Mrs. Lucy Le Grand Jeffers is the widow of the late Commodore Will-
iam N. Jefferfi, who died in Washington, D. C, July 23, 1883. It ap-
pears that Commodore Jeffers entered the Navy September 25, 1840,
and when he died was at the bead of the list of commodores, the grade
corresponding to that of brigadier-general in the Army. The disease of
which he died originated when he was a lieutenant, and under the law
Mrs. Jeffers was only allowed the pension of a lieutenant's widow from
the date of his death, although her husband had been four times pro-
moted to higher grades. He left his widow in indigent circumstances,
with a daughter and infant grandchild wholly dependent upon her, and
she now asks that her pension may be increased from (25 to (50 per
month, and made equal to the pensions voted by Congress to the widows
of other general officers of the Army and Navy under similar circum-
stances.
Commodore Jeffers's record during a period of forty-three years is one
of exceptionally distinguished public service. In 1841 , while serving on
the frigate United States, he participated in the capture of Upper Cali-
fornia. He served on the steamer Vixen throughout the iMexican war.
Ib 1853 he was ordered to the Brazilian squadron, and placed in com-
mand of the surveying steamer Water Witch. During this service he
rescued from wreck, with great risk and exertion, the Spanish war
steamer Carthagena, for which service he was permitted by Congress to
receive the thanks of the Queen of Spain, accompanied by a sword of
honor.
At the outbreak of the civil war he was at home on sick leave, but
immediately applied foj active service, and was ordered to take charge
of the orduance department at the Norfolk navy-yard. He left his bed
for this important duty, but before he reached his post the navy-yard
was destroyed. He was then plaeed in command of the steamer Phila-
delphia, and detailed to keep the Potomac open. He served for seven
months on the frigate Koauoke, in the engagements with the batteries
on Sewell's Bluff and on the blockade off' Charleston. As commander
of the steamer Underwriter he participated in a number of battles under
Commodore Ooldsborough and Commodore Rowan. In March, 1862,
after Lieutenant Worden was disabled, be was notably distinguished
•v
2 LUCY L. G. JEFFKB8.
above the other lieutenants on the list by being assigned to the oom-
mand of the Monitor, and in her joined in the several engagements at
Drurv's Bluff under Commander John Rodgers.
In ^ptember, 1862, his health forbidding further active service at
sea, he was placed in charge of the ordnance department at the Phila-
delphia navy-yard, and in 1863 was transferred to the Washington navy-
yard, where, in connection with Dahlgren, and as his successor, he ren-
dered valuable service to the country in the manufacture and improve-
ment of naval ordnance. In April, 1878, he was confirmed by the Sen-
ate as Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, and held this important post
for two terms, eight years.
Commodore Jeffers appreciated the importance of introducing im-
proved types of cannon into the Navy, and on becoming Chief of the
Bureau at once set about the conversion of smooth-bore guns into rifles.
He also foresaw that breech-loading was destined to supersede muzzle-
loading, and all the breech-loading cannon now in use in the Kavy are
constructed on his adaptation of the French ])lan8, and the English
Government has since been forced to adopt the French plans, after long
resistance. He also saw the importance of introducing the manufacture
of cannon built entirely of steel, and shortly before he left office de-
signed the first all-steel gun of modern type that was ever manufact-
ured in this country. This gun has since been of great use to the
Ordnance Department in its attempts to develop a proper grade of
powder for high-power guns. H« also introduced "machine cannon"
and the modern magazine shoulder-rifle into the Navy, and is consid-
ered to have first proposed "hexagonal" gunpowder for cannon, which
has long been in use in the Army and Navy, and which answered an
important purpose in its day. His best exertions were given to the
advancement of the Navy. During his eight years of service as Chief
of the Bureau of Ordnance he disbursed over four millions of dollars
without even a charge of misappropriation.
Bear-Admiral Eodgers says:
I had the good fortune to know Commodore Jeffers for forty years, and I can bear
witness to his conspicuous merit, his courage, his untiring energy, and his professional
worth. The trusts committed to him by his Government, in peace and in war, show
the esteem in which he was held by succeeding administrations, and the offer made
to him last year of our most important command afloat proves that to the end of his
career, even after death had laid its hand upon him, the Government he had served
so faithfully held him equal to it« highest naval employment. • • ♦ The state-
ment of Commodore JefferM^s service is a curious record of a naval officer's connection
with very important events, and it proves the merit and devotion with which he
aerved the Republic from his boyhood to his grave.
r
48th Congbess, ) SENATE. i Kepobt
1st Session. f i No. 558.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 15, 1884. — Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Jackson, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following
• REPORT:
[To accompany bill S. 1463. J
The Committee on Pensions^ to whom was re/erred the bill {8. 1463) /or the
relief of David Comprobst^ having carefully examined the same^ report
as follows :
The application in this case for pension was filed March 31, 1871,
and rejected July 23, 187:^, because of the evidence being unsatisfac-
tory. The caite"^ was subsequently reopened, and the claim rejected upon
the recommendation of the medical reviewer, for the reason that the
proof offered was insufficient to establish the fact that the disability was
contracted in the service. The case was appealed to the Secretary of
the Interior, and that officer affirmed the decision of the Commissioner
of Pensions in the following language:
Department of the Interior,
WashingtOHy June 21, 1883.
Sir : Herewith are returned the papers which accompanied yoar report of April 17,
18h3, upon the appeal of David Comprobst, of Wyandotte, Kans., fh>m the action of
yoar office rejectiuc; his claim for pension, No. 1^4522.
It appears that the appellant enlisted AngUHt 11, 1862, in Company £, One hundred
and seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and was discharged June 21, l*-^.
He filed a claim for pension March 31, 1871, alleging disability from inflammatory
rheumatism contracted in the military service. His claim was rejected Jul^ 2^i, 1872,
on the ground that the evidence was not satinfactory. Subsequently additional evi-
dence was filed and the case was reopened, and was again rejected September 23, 1882,
on the ground of there bein^ no record and inability to furnish evidence showing
treatment in the service or since discharge, or satisfactory evidence showing incur-
rence in the service. From the above action the appeal is made.
After a careful'review of all the papers in the case the Department is of the opinion
that the evidence is not sufficient t<> show that the appellant is suffering witn any
disability contracted in the military s»'rvice and in the line of duty.
The rejection of the claim is affirmed.
Very respectfully,
H. M. TELLER,
Secretary.
The Commissioner of Pensions.
The case stands on this application for special relief upon the same
state of facts upon which the claim was rejected by the Department.
No new additional evidence in support of the claim is produced, and
the committee are called upon simply to review the action of the Pen-
sion Bureau and of the Interior Department, and determine whether
their decision in rejecting the claim was correct.
i
2 DAVID COMPROB8T
The committee have carefally examined the evidence on file in the
papers, and find that there is no error in the adverse oondosion reached
by the tribunal established by law to consider and act npon sach mat-
ters. The evidence fails to show that the alleged disabilities, for which
pension is asked, were contracted in the service, and the committee ac-
cordingly recommend that the bill do not pass, but be indefinitely post-
poned by the Senate.
48th Congress, \ SENATE. i Ebport
Ut Session. f • ) No. 659.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 15, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Slater, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following^
REPORT:
[To acconipaDy bill H. R. 1751.1
The Committee on Pensions j to whom was referred the bill {H. R. 1751) in-
creasing the pension of William B. Brotcnej have had the same wilder
consideration^ and report :
That said Browne was placed on the pension-roll by special act of
Congress, approved February 7, 1879.
Browne was appointed acting master in the Navy May 13, 1861, on
board the Water Witch, and on the 6th of November, 1862, he was
placed in command of the Eestless. He was promoted to the position ot
acting volunteer lieutenant February 6, 1864, and assigned to the com-
mand of the Pursuit, and honorably discharged September 16, 1865.
His claim for a pension was rejected by the Pension Office on the
ground of failure to furnish the evidence of a naval surgeon, showing
that his disability (hemorrhoids) was contracted in the service. He ap-
pealed to Congress, and obtained a special act placing him on the pen-
sion-roll. In rating his disability in the Pension Office it was fixed at
three-fourths total, equivalent to (22.50 per month.
With this rating he is dissatisfied, and now seeks further relief by
special act. Whatever may be the real facts in his case, your commit-
tee think that it is unwise for Congress to attempt to peiform the duties
of examining surgeons, or to enter upon the rating of pensioners' disa-
bilities. Certainly Congress has gone far enough when it by special act
places a person upon the pension-roll subject to the conditions and lim-
itations of the pension laws. It possesses no machinery adapted to
determining the ratability of pensioners' disabilities. The Pension Office
18 amply qualified to do this work, and fully supplied with the means of
reaching just conclusions. This increase was reported against in the
Senate in March, 1880. (See Senate Report 358, Forty-sixth Congress.)
For the foregoing reasons your committee recommend that the bill do
not pass.
O
48th Congress, ) SENATE. ( Eeport
1st Session. | I No. 560.
IN THE SENATE OP THE XJNITED STATES.
May 19, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Blaib^ from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To aocompany biU S. 1225.]
The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (S. 1225)
granting pension to Mary Hopperton, widow of Edward Hopperton,
report the same favorably, with the recommendation that the same
do pass. The facts in the case are as follows :
At the commencement of hostilities with Mexico, in 1845, Edward
Hopperton, then the husband of the petitioner, was engaged in the man-
ufacture of army wagons and ambulances at Cincinnati, Ohio, under con-
tract with the Quartermaster's Department, United States Army. At
the earnest solicitation of Capt. James E. Irwin, assistant quartermas-
ter, Onited States Army, subsequently chief quartermaster of Oeneral
Scott'K army in Mexico, he left his home and his business and proceeded,
with a number of mechanics, to Corpus Christi, Tex., to superintend the
mannfacture of the wagons preparatory to the march of the army of oc-
cupation.
When the army of Oeneral Scott sailed for Vera Cruz, Mr. Hopperton
again yielded to Captain Irwin's earnest request to attend to a like im*
IH>rtant duty (for which he was unusually well qualified) in that army,
and accompanied Capt. A. R. Hetzel, acting quartermaster, XJoitea
States Army, in the capacity of master wheelwright, and is so borne
on the rolls of that officer and the succeeding chief quartermasters of
Vera Cruz, from February 27, 1847, till the time of his death, August
20, 1847. He appears to have shared in the dangers of the bombard-
ment of Vera Cruz, and the public records show that he must have ren-
dered valuable services to the army in fitting up the vast trains of
wagons and ambulances required to transport supplies and munitions
of war and the sick and wounded soldiers on their march to the city of
Mexico. During the campaign embracing the magnificent military op-
erations which were initiated by the capture of Vera Crnz, and which
culminated in the military occnpation of the city of Mexico and such
incalculable benefits to the United States, Mr. Hopperton remained at
Vera Cruz in the discharge of his important duties at that place, which
constituted the base of supplies to the army.
Every available soldier was at the front, and the Mexicans were con-
tiniially threatening Vera Cruz and the line of march of the army. It
therefore became necessary to impress the employes of the Oovemment
in the Quartermaster's Department. They were placed under military
orders, discipline, and driU, and from time to time they were required
to perform the active duties of a soldier. In this dual capacity Mr.
2 MARY HOPPEBTON.
Hopperton, with others, served the country under orders l^o. 2, Head-
quarters Department of Vera Cruz, dated May 7, 1847, up to andinclnd-
mg the time of his death. The order under which he thus served the
country was imperative in it6 terms, and required troops and all others
to turn out in case of alarm. The service thus rendered would seem to
have been compulsory.
The following affidavit of George Merritt, who was himself enrolled
a master carpenter under Capt. A. E. Hetzel, and who wa« also captaiii
of the company of mechanics in which Mr. Hopperton served, is before
the committee. He says that he *' knew the master wheelwright (Mr.
Hopperton) intimately, and all the master mechanics in the department
When the order was issued, in May, 1847, for all persons in Government
employment to turn out under arms, the mechanics were all quartered
in the convent of St. Augustine, of which I had charge, and thus be-
came acquainted with all the men, about IpO in number. • • • We
were all mustered for military duty, armed and equipped for service,
and turned out at every alarm. In fact, we were at all times doubly
employed as mechanics, &c., and doing garrison duty as soldiers under
military authority, I acting as captain of the company of mechanics. I
do further state that we were formed into a company before Vera Cruz
was taken, and afterwards in the city we had an armory, and an armorer
by the name of Brown to take care of our arms, and we drilled every
Saturday afternoon when not hurried with work."
Other evidence before the committee shows that this company, armed
and mounted as rangers, accompanied a detachment of regular troops
to the interior on an expedition organized to break up a camp of guer-
rillas which threatened the city and the communications with the in-
terior.
While engaged in this double service, Mr. Hopperton died of yellow
fever at Vera Cruz, August 20, 1847.
This double service seems to have been of an exacting character, and
if service in the Quartermaster's Department, with an army of occupation
in an enemy's country, could in any sense be called civil service, it is
difficult to see how, when the same man rendered a civil service martial
in its character, superadding to that compulsory subjection to all the
demands and duties imposed on an enlisted man, and actually serving
as such, can be said not to have been in the military service also. The
logic of the conclusion of the minority committee goes to this length:
That if a man renders service to the country in both a civil and a military
capacity, he therefore renders service in neither a military nor a civU
capacity'. The truth is that Mr. Hopperton rendered double service
and in both capacities. Certainly, if he was a volunteer in the Quar-
termaster's Department, he was not a volunteer in the sense that he
could escape the obligation of service therein at will, and if his service
in the Quartermaster's Department was voluntary, his impressment into
garrison duty, whereby he saved the Government the service of an en-
listed man, and in the performance of which he lost his life, can be no
ground for denying to his widow that equitable relief whicn the Gov-
ernment would have owed him, without doubt, had he been an enlisted
man and nothing else.
Mr. Hopperton appears to have been a man of property and large
business capacity, who assumed the performance of duties far below
bis actual capacity at the earnest solicitation of the officers of the Gov-
ernment, and from the most patriotic motives. In so doing he destroyed
his business, sacrificed his property, and lost his life. His widow is
aged and penniless, and is alone, without means of support.
MARY HOPPERTON. 3
Very few men contributed more largely than her husband to our suc-
cess in the Mexican war, and to our enormous accretions of territory,
population, wealth, and glory which have resulted from it.
Besides his service and his life, he seems to have contributed directly
to the Government a considerable amount of property, for which his
widow made claim, but which has been disallowed.
The petitioner asks pension from the death of her husband, but, mind-
ful of the temper of Congress, which is to deny am ars of pensions in
most cases, and being anxious that partial justice be done to the claim-
ant, we recommend the passage of the accompanying bill, granting to
ber pension at the rate of $8 per mouth from and after its passage, the
bill being amended accordingly.
Mr. Jackson, from the Committee on Pensions, sabmitted the following
VIEWS OF THE MINORITY:
The undersigned^ not concurring in the report of the majority of the Com-
mittee on Pensions on bill IS. 1225, respectfully submit the foUouing as
their views :
This case was fully considered dnring the Forty-fifth Conii^ress, was
adversely reported, and the report adopted by the Senate. It was again
before Congress at the first session of the Forty-seventh Congress, was
again ejcamined by the committee, and again reported advernely. This
last report (No. 437) correctly sets forth the facts on which the applica-
tion is rested, and the grounds of its rejection, and is here adopted, as
follows :
Mr. Platt, from the Committee on PensionB, submitted the following report :
The Committee on PentionBf to whom was referred the petition of Marg Hoppertonfor a pen"
eioUy having examined the same, report :
The petitioner applied by petition to the Forty-fifth Congress for a pension, and the
Committee on Pensions reported as follows :
"That the petitioner alleges that she is the widow of Edward Hoppei-ton, who, at
the earnest solicitation of Capt. James R. Irwin, Gktneral Scott's chief quarterinaster
in Mexico, left his business at Cincinnati, went to Corpus Christi, Tex., Ui bnild wag-
ons and ambulances for the army of occupation, and subsequently left with siiid army
in the employ thereof as master wheelwright, and continued in said last-named nerv-
Ice from February 27, ld47, till the 20th of August of the same year; also thar he bore
arms as a volunteer under orders No. 2, Headquarters Department of Vera Crnz, dated
8th May, 1847, which directed the troops and all others so required to turn out under
arms in case of alarm.
" The records of the Quartermaster-G^neraPs Office show that Edward Hopperton
was employed, as alleged, as master wheelwright for the period named, at $60 per
month, and that he died at Vera Cruz August 20, 1847.
'^Evidence of petitioner's marriage to deceased is produced.
**The petitioner prays relief at the rate of $S per month from August 20, 1847, to
the date of granting said relief.
** The Commissioner of Pensions reports that claim for pension was rejected in 1849,
as there is no provision of law granting her a pension.
'* There is no doubt this man died of disease contracted while in the service of the
United States, but the service iu which he was engaged was civil and not military.
He may on a single occasion have rendered, as a volunteer, some military service, but
there is not any pretense that the disease of which he died was contracted on that
occasion.
** The committee recommend that the bill be indefinitely postponed.''
The report was adopted by the Senate, and since that time the petitioner ban filed
some additional evidence in support of her claim for a peiisiim, but the additional
evidence does not prove that he contracted the disease of which he died in the mili-
tary service. Your committee therefore recommend the adoption of the following res-
olution :
Resolved, That the committee be discharged from the further consideration of the
petition of Mary Hopperton for pension.
4
48th Congress, \ SENATE. ( Eepobt
1st Session. ) ) No. 561.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 19, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Fair, from the Committee on Claims, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany bill S. 1580.]
The Committee on Claims j to whom was referred the bill {8. 1580) /or tJie
relief of John H. Ktnkeadj of Nevada^ and others, having had the same
under consideration^ beg leave to submit the following report:
This bill concerns two separate claims of similar character: that of
Jobn H. Kinkead and Samuel Sussman, and that of Charles O. Wood.
[Both claims are for the rent and value of certain buildings in Sitka,
Alaska. The facts in relation to the matter are a« follows :
By the treaty of March 30, 1867, between the United States and Eus-
8ia (Public Treaties of the United States, p. 671), providing for the ces-
sion of Alaska, provision was made lor the cession of —
All public buildings, fortifications, barracks, and other edifices which are not pri-
-vate individual property. (Article i, p. 672.)
And by article 4 of the same treaty, p. 673 :
His Majesty, the Emperor of all the Russias, shall appoint, with convenient des-
patch, an agent or agents for the purpose of forniully delivering to a similar agent or
agents appointed on behalf of the Unii-ed States, the territory, dominion, property,
dependeucif 8, and appurtenances which are ceded as above, and for doing any other
act which may be necesnary in regard thereto.
The agents provided for by this article performed their duty, and their
report is contained in House Ex. Doc. No. 125, Fortieth Congress, sec-
ond session. These agents of the two Governments carefully invento-
ried all the buildings in the Territory, and made separate inventories of
the public property in the town of Sitka, the property of the Gneco-
Bussian Church in Sitka, and the ])rivate property in Sitka. In the last-
named list were included the warehouse numbered as building No. 1 of
that town and the dwelling house known as No. 24. These buildings
were the private property of the Hussian-American Company, a trading
corporation having extensive i>rivileges in that Territory, and vested
also with certain rights of government. The buildings used for public
and governmental purposes by this company were doubtless included
within the words of the treaty providing for the cession of all such public
property. Buildings, however, used by them for private trading pur-
poses were private property, which under the terms of the treaty and by
every principle of public law known to your committee were not forfeited
or transferred by the treaty, but remained vested in their original own-
ers without change of proprietorship by the treaty. The agents ap-
XK)inted to deliver on the one hand and receive on the other the public
property evidently took this view of the matter, and, as we have stated.
1
2 JOHN H. KINKEAD.
separated the public and the private property. Their decision on the
question of what was public and what private property is, in the opinion
of your committee, conclusive, and not subject to review before any
other authority or tribunal. When, therefore, they found and declared,
as they did, that these building, Nos. 1 and 24, were private indi\idual
pro|»erty, tliat decision must be accepted as conclusive of the question.
Relying upon this decision, the claimants Kinkead and Sussman pur-
chased from the Russian-American Company, acting through their chief
administrator. Prince Duritry Maksontoff, the warehouse No. 1, just men-
tioned. The deed was tsiken in the name of Louis Sloss, but Mr. SIoss,
in his testimony before the Court of Claims, expressly disclaims all owner-
ship in the building; and it fully appears that the title was taken in his
name for purposes of business convenience, and that the money was paid
by Mfssrs. Kinkead & Sussman, and that they exercised over it every
substantial right of ownership. They subsequently lease<l a portion of
the building to Hiram Ketclium, jr., collector of customs at tlie port of
Sitka, for a custom house, at the rate of $200 per mouth, which is
shown by the evidence to have been a reasonab'e rent, the building be-
ing a large one, the necessities of the Government for such a building
imperative, and the demaud for buildings in Sitka at that time far in
excess of the supjily. By this time, however, the theory seems to have
been started in some of the Departments at Washington that this build-
ing was public property* and should be claimed as such; and when the
lease which had been tiiken by the collector of customs under the pro-
visions of the act of March 2, 1799 (§ 21, 1 Stat. L., p. 642), was submitted
to the Secretary of the Treasury* for his approval, he declined to approve
it. Instead, however, of directing that the building should be vacated
and possession restored to the owners, which would seem to have been
the unly equitable disposition of the matter after they had surrendered
possession on the faith of their lea^e to the United States, he directed
the collector to continue in possession, and to hold the part of the build-
ing which he occupied as public property. A short time afterwanls Gren-
eial Jefferson C Davis, then in command of the Department of Alaska,
seized all the remaining part of the warehouse m question not already
Oi'.cupied for a customhouse, and turned the same to military purposes,
and it has ever since been occupied substantially in that manner. It
has never been returned to the owners, nor has any rent ever been paid
for its occupancy.
The case of Charles O. Wood is precisely the same as that of Kinkead
and Sussman, with the exception that no part of his building w;is ever
lease<l to the customs de])artment. He purchased the building from
the Kussian-American Company through Prince Maksontoff, paid for it,
and received a deed in his own name, and the whole building was sub-
se(|uently seized from him by General Davis. The parties subsequently
brought suit in the Court of Claims to recover rent as on an implied con-
tract. Full proof was thrre ma<leof all the facts above stated, and the
amount of reasonable rent for the buildings was shown to be as stated
in the bill now reported. The court, however, held that the case was
not within their jurisdiction, as being founded on a tort rather than on
an implied contract, and that for that reason they had no jurisdiction
of the case. They farther held that jurisdiction was denied to them by
se(jtion 1000 of the Revised Statutes, declaring that the juris<liction of
that court "shall not extend to auy claim against the Government •
• • depending on any treaty stipulations entered into with foreign
nations." Without questioning the correctness of the ])osition thus
taken by the Court of Claims as to its jurisdiction, it seems sufficient to
JOHN H. KINKEAD. O
U8 to say that the evidence taken by the claimants in their cases in that
court, findings of fact made by the Court of Claims, and the report of
the agent of the Unitiid States appointed to receive the cession of Ahiska,
contained in House Ex. Doc. No. 125, Fortieth Congress, second ses-
sion, above referred to, fully established the title of the claimants to the
property in question, and the amount of rent which they ought to re-
ceive for the use of their buildings. As the Government is now in the
occupancy of these buildings, and needs them for public purposes, it is
provided in the bill that the reasonable value of the buildings shall be
paid to the claimants upon their executing a release to the United States
of all right, title, and interest in and to the property.
We may mention further in support of our views that they are the
same as those taken by the AttorneyGeueml of the United States in a
learned opinion dated September 27, 1873, and reported in the 14th
Opinions of the Attorneyslieneral, p. 302, in which he held that the
bnildings inventoried as private property in the protocol of transfer of
Russia to the United States, to which we have above allu^led, and among
which are the buildings Nos. 1 and 24, above mentioned, remained the
private property of that company after the cession, and was capable of
being transferred by it like other private property.
Your committee, concurring in these views, and being satisfied, after
& careful examination, of the justice of these claims, report back the
bill favorably, with an amendment in the foim of a substitute.
48th Congress, ) SENATE. i Report
Ist SeJiHion, j ( No. 562.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 19, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Mahone, from the Committee on Public Buildings and Oround£<^^
submitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany biUS. 1978.1
The Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds^ to whom teas referred
bill 8. 1978, respectfully report :
That in view of the information and suggestions contained in the an-
nexed communications from the Department of Justice, the committee
report the bill (S. 1978) with amendment, and recommend that it do
pass.
Department of Justice,
Washingionf May 14, 1884.
Sir : I ha^the honor to retnm herewith the copy of Senate bill No. 1978, and other
papers received from you on the 9th instant, relating to the proposed partition of cer-
tain land in Louisville, Ky., the ownership of which is held in common by John Echols
and the United States. I perceive nothing objectionable in, and suggest no modifica-
tion of, tlie provisions of the bill for effecting that object. In addition to the above-
mentioned papers, I transmit also a communication received from the United States
attorney at Louisville, Ky., dated the 8th instant, answering certain questions snb-
mitted by your committee.
I tim, sir, very respectftilly,
BENJAMIN HARRIS BREWSTER,
Attamey-GeneraL
Hon. Wm. Mahoxb,
Chairman of Senate Joint Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds,
Office of United States District Attorney,
Louisville, Ky,, May 8, 1884.
Sir : In reply to your letter of the Ist instant, directing me to reply to certain anes-
tions submitted by the Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Qrounds, with a
view to their information in the consideration of Senate bill 1^8, I have the honor to
submit the following report :
1. In answer to tne first question, as to the title of the United States and John
Echols respectively in the Rowao's Basin property, I report that the United States,
as the owner of the Louisville and Portland Canal and the t>wner of all the stock of
the Louisville and Portland Canal Company, is entitled to all the interest of the
canal company in the property under consideration. The canal company, by deed
from Robert H. Campbell and wife, dated December 16, 1867 (Deedbook 135, page
423), acquired an undivided one- fourth part of Rowan's Basin on the canal, be-\
ginning at the head of the canal and extending *' westwardly to Eleventh street.''
By deed from Geo. L. Douglass, dated April 29, 1868 (Deed-book 137. p. 4Q%V ^Vi<^
company obtained an undivided one-eighth part of Rowan?% BvaVh, \>^vii\^ ^ ^!^2cv^
2 LAND IN LOUISVILLE, KY.
of land beginning at or near the head of thei canal, near Ninth oroas street, and lying
adjacent to said canal, on the south side thereof, and running westwardly with the
line of said canal to the termination of said slip designated as Rowan's Basin. The
United States owns, therefore, an undivided three-eiffhths interest in the tract, and tiie
remaining five-eighths have been conveyed to John £chols as follows : One-sixth by
deed from E. H. Boone et al., October 21, 1882 (Deed-book 255, p. 134) : one-eixth by
deed from R. B. Rowan, truatee, et al.y November 1, 1882 (Deed-book 254, p. 3^);
one-sixth by deed from Rowan Buchanan et al.j October 11, 1882 (Deed-book 254, p.
362), and one-eighth by deed from S. J. Broad well et al, (Deed-book 254. p. 602).
2. In answer to the second inquiry, as to the acreage and value of tne tract, I re-
port that its exact boundary is not obtainable, as none of the deeds which refer to it
describes it by metes and bounds. It is usually described as the tract of land known
as Rowan's Basin. By referring to the deeds of record to property adioininff the Ba-
' sin it is possible to approximate to the exact boundary. A tract marxed ** Basin'' is
shown on a map of Jonn Rowan's enlargement to the city of Louisville, a section of
which map is copied herein, with an open space between it and the lots immediately
south of it, apparently intended tot a stveet. This map is of record in the Jefferson
LAND IN LOUISVILLE, KY. 3
County clerk's office (Deed-book II, p. 3d). The open space south of the Basin was
desired apparently as a continuation of Water street, tne former street of that name
having been occupied by the canal between Ninth and Tenth streets. The contract
between John Rowan and the canal company, together with the testimony in the
case of Rowan v«. The Louisville and Portland Canal Company, No. 40349 in the Jef-
ferson circuit court, and in case No. 2323 in the Louisville chancery court, show with
reasonable certainty that the companv agreed to and did construct a street in lieu of
Water street, around the south edge of the Basin, on land furnished by Rowan. The
lots south of this street have been sold to various persons^ and conveyed by metes
and bounds. The area of the Basin property, therefore, is limited by the canal prop-
erty on the north and by the boundaries or the lots on the south, as described in
the deeds therefor, deducting a 30-foot space around the southern edge for Water
street. This area, according to a calculation which I believe to be correct, and
which is made upon the basis of the recent survey of the canal property, made un-
der the direction of the superintendent of the canal, amounts to 53,618 square feet,
three-eighths of which is 20,106 square feet, and of which area 16,123 square feet are
now occupied by the canal, and to 3.893 square feet of which the (Government is en-
titled if tne partition be made on the basis of area.
It is impossible to fix with any degree of accuracy the value of this property. It
is fit only for use by the canal, for a coal elevator, or for a railroad. Wnen required
for such a purpose it, of course, commands a very high price. If not so required, it
ia comparatively valueless.
3. In answer to the third inquiry, as to whether it affbrds opportunity for equitable
division, I report that, in my opinion, it does.
4. In reply to the fourth inquiry, as to whether it is to the better interest of the
United States to allow partition in kind or to have the land sold, I report that, ac-
cording to the maps of the United States Engineer office, nearly the whole length of
the Basin property is encroached upon by the south wall of the canal, and in some
places by the canal itself. I thererore deem it decidedly to the better interest of the
United States to allow partition in kind.
I am, sir, very respectfully,
GEO. M. THOMAS,
United States Attorney^
Hon. Benjamin Harris Brewster,
Attorney 'General f Waehingtony D, C,
48th OoNGBESSy ) SENATE. / Bepobt
1st SeMion. ) I No. 563.
m THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.
Mat 20, 1884.— Ordered to be priDted.
Mr. Maxby, from the Committee on Military Affairs, submitted the fol-
lowing
REPORT:
[To aoeompany bill 8. 644.]
The Committee on Military Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (S.
644) for the relief of the administrator of the estate of John W. Dear,
deceased, have carefally considered the same] and, in accordance with
the resolution of the Senate of February 7, 1»84, report as follows :
That they have referred the same to the Court of Claims under the
provisions of an act entitled <<An act to afford assistance and relief to
Congress and the Executive Departments in the investigation of claims
and demands against the Ooverument," approved March 3, 1883.
48th Congress, \ ' SENATE. i Keport
IK THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 21, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Manderson, from the Oommittee on Olaims, Babmitted the fol-
lowing
REPORT:
[To accompany bill 8. 1648.]
The Committee on ClaimB, to whom was referredj^Senate bill 1648, for
the relief of Mrs. Sallie H. Palmer, providing for the payment of $1,440,
being for two years' services under appointment as laborer in the Depart-
ment of the ^biterior, having folly considered the same, would submit
the following report:
The claimant made similar application for relief to Congress at the
second session of the Forty-sixth Congress. The Committee on Claims
then made report adverse to the allowance of her claim, and as such
report sets forth the facts quite fully, your committee here copy the*
same:
The memorialist claims the sam of $1,505 to be dae to her from the United States^
and alleges, under oath^ in substance, that on the 12th day of February, A. D. 1878,
she was regularly appointed as laborer in the Patent Office at an annual salary of
$720, said appointment containing the conditions that she take the oath of office re-
anired and file the same with the Department and report for duty, with which con-
itions she alleges she complied on the following day ; that she has ever since held
herself in readiness to receive and perform the work which was to have been given
her, namely, the making of file wrappers, it having been ajgreed that she should have
the said work and perform it at her home ; that the officials failed to send her the
work as agreed upon, upon her reporting for duty, although she repeatedly applied
for said work and offered to perform it according to said agreement, which she alleges-
0till remains unrevoked, by reason of which ^cts she claims the above-mentioned
sam, being the balance due her for the time she should be paid, viz, from February
12, 1878, to April 12, 1880.
It appears from communications from different officers in the Interior Department
that the appointment of Mrs. Palmer was made as she alleges ; that it was under-
stood that on account of the illness of her husband she might do the work at home,
although it was not a part of her appointment. Soon after she appeared and took
the oath of office the news came of the death of her husband, and for that reason the
work assigned was not sent to her to be performed at her home, but she was notified that
she would be required to do her work in the office ; that she did not report for duty
in the office. It further appears that on May 27, 1878, Mr. Commissioner Spear rec-
ommended that she be appointed at $.30 per month and assigned to duty in making
file wrappers, and that if such authority was given that her former ^pointment be
revoked, and that up to that time she had not reported for duty under her appoint-
ment of February preceding; that on Jtfly 1, 1878, the. recommendation of the Com-
missioner (Mr. Spear) was approved, and the appointment of Mrs. Palmer was re-
yoked, and authority was given to employ her in making file wrappers at $30 per
month ; that it does not appear that she was employed under that antuority, but that
on August 14, 1»78, she was informed by the chief clerk that her services were not
needed, as an arrangement had been made whereby the file wrappers could be made
in the office without extra cost. It is distinctly stated in the communication referred
to that she never reported for duty until her appointment was finally revoked, and
anthority was granted to employ her at a lower salary, which authority was never
2 MRS. SALLIE H. PALMER.
exercised ; that the exigency which gave rise to the understanding that she should
be permitted to perform the work at home ceased with her husband's death, which
occurred before it was possible to give her any work, and that she was thereupon
notified that she could only have work by reporting for duty in the office, which
'^she has steadfastly refused to do.''
In view of the foregoing, as the claim of the memorialist is founded upon an alle^
contract and a breacn thereof by the United States, and there seems to be a wide
disagreement as to the real facts, your committee are of the opinion — the memorialist
having a complete remedy at law — that she should have leave to withdraw her me-
morial, and we so recommend.
The committee further beg leave to recommend, if deemed consistent with the pub-
lic interest, the memorialist being the widow of a Union soldier, and, from the
entire evidence, fully competent to fill the position to which she had been assigned,
that she be appointed to some suitable position in the Department.
Afterwards, acting upon the suggestion contained in the foregoing
report, claimant commenced her aetion against the United States in the
Court of Claims, where, after the taking of much testimony and upon
full trial had, a judgment was entered in claimant's favor for the sum
of $30, being for compensation as laborer for fifteen days iu February,
1878, at the rate of $60 per month.
The opinion of the court in this case sets forth the findings of facts
^nd of law so conclusively that your committee here copy the same.
Court or Claims, No. 12368.
Sallie H. Palmer t\ The United States.
Findings of facU,
This case having been heard before the Court of Claims, the court, upon the evi-
dence, finds the facts to be as follows :
I.
At the time and in the manner hereinafter set forth in Finding III, the claimant
was, by the Secretary of the Interior,, appointed a laborer (first grade) in the Patent
•Office.
Before and at the time of her receiving that appointment, she was in poor health,
and her husband was in such ill health that she could not leave his bedside ; and he
died the day after the date of her appointment.
II.
Before she was appointed, a member of Congress called on the Secretarv of the In-
terior to exert his influence toward securing an appointment for her, and had several
conversations with the Secretary ; in which, at some time, the point was made with
the latter that the claimant could not and would not, to do duty in the Department,
leave her husband, and that it was very desirable, in the event of her appointment,
that work should be given her that she could perform at home, as long as it was neces-
sary for her to be in attendance upon him. It does not appear that when these rep.
resentations were made to the Secretary he expressed any objections to her per-
forming her work at her home.
Soon after the claimant's appointment she had an interview with the Commissioner
of Patents regarding her work, ancTit^ being done at her house ; and that officer made
no objection to sending the work there.
ra.
On the 12th of February, 1878, the Secretary of the Interior made the following
written appointment:
Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C, February \% 1878.
Mrs. Sallie H. Palmer, of Kentucky, is herby appointed a laborer (first grade) in
the Patent Office at a salary of seven hundred and twenty dollars per annum, to take
effect when she shall file the oath of office and enter on duty.
C. 8CHURZ,
Secretary.
MRS. SALLIE H. PALMER. 6
On the 13th of Febrnary — the day of the death of claimant's husband — the claim-
aut took the oath of office prescribed by law.
At the time of this appointment there existed, aud had for years before existed, a
rale in the Patent Office that no work should be sent out of the office to be done;
but some tracing work had been sent out some time before, and some, partly by reason
of lack pf room in the Patent Office. In the claimant's case, on account of the cir-
cumstances of her husband's sickness, it was understood by the Commissioner of
Patents that the work was to be temporarily sent to her ; and he gave directions to
that effect to the chief clerk of the Patent Office.
Within a day or two after her husband's death, a person whom the chief clerk of
the Patent Office supposed to be her brother, called on the latter, and requested that
TTork might be sent to her, which the chief clerk declined to do, giving as his reason
that the work was intended to be sent to her only on account of her husband being
ill and requiring her presence at his bedside ; that he had died, and consequently the
contingency no longer existed, and that she would be required to do the work in the
office.
After that the chief clerk received no instructions to send her work of any charac-
ter, and none was sent her ; nor does it appear that, after this interview, any official
communication was made to her by any one connected with the Patent Office on the
subject of work being sent to her nouse for her to do under the above appointment.
IV.
The pay-rolls of the employ^ of the Patent Office were made up about a week be-
fore the end of the month. The officer whose duty it was to make up the rolls for
the month of Februarv, 1878, inquired of the chief clerk whether the claimant's name
ahoiiid be placed on the rolls ; and the chief clerk answered that it should not be, as
ahe had never reported for duty.
V.
It does not appear that the claimant ever called in person at the Patent Office, for
^^ork except as stated in Finding 11^ nor for pay under the aforesaid appointment, ex-
cept as appears in the next succeeding finding.
VI.
On the 20th of May, 1878, the Secretary of the Interior addressed to the claimant
the following letter :
Depart&ient of the Interior,
Wa$hingionj D. C, May 20, 1878.
Mrs. Saixie A. Palmer, WoBhington :
Madam : The Department has considered your verbal application for pay since the
date of your appointment and oath of office as an emplojl of the Patent Office, but
as your appointment by its own terms was not to take effect until you should ''file the
oath of office and enter on duty," and as it does not appear that you have yet entered on
dnty, the Department would not be justified in complying with your request.
Very respectfully,
C. SCB[URZ,
Seentary.
VII.
On the let of July, 1878, the said Secretary addressed the following letter to the
CommiBsioner of Patents :
The ComXiissioxer of Patents :
Department of the Interior,
Office of the Secretary,
Woihington, D. C, July 1, 1878.
Sir : In compliance with your recommendation of May 27th, 1878, the appointment of
Mrs. Sallie H. Palmer as a laborer in the Patent Office, dated February 12, 1878, is here-
by revoked (she haying never availed herself thereof), and you are authorized to em-
ploy her in the work of making file wrappers, which she mav be permitted to do at
Dome at a maximum compensation of thirty dollars per month.
Very respectfully, .
C. SCHURZ,
Secretary,
I
MBS. SALLIE H. PALMER.
VIII.
On the 14th of Angust, 1878, the chief clerk of the Patent Office addressed to t^^
claimant the following letter :
** Department of the Interior,
" United States Patent Office,
" Washington, D. C, Aug. 14, 187^'
''Madam : In response to yonr letter of to-day the Commissioner desires me to 8^^
you the inclosed oraer of July 1st, from the Secretary, under which he was pennit^^
to employ yon in making file wrappers, at thirty dollars a month. s^^cfi
•' Arrangements having been made whereby these wrappers are made in theo^^^
without extra cost, the Commissioner does not desire to avail himself of this pern* ^
sion, and cannot without incurring a needless expense.
** Very respectfully, your oVd't serv't,
*' F. A. SEELY,
" Ck*f crk."
Upon the foregoing facts the conclusion of law is, that the claimant is entitled t^^
recover |30, on the grounds set forth in the following
OPINION :
Drake, CA. J,, delivered the opinion of the court :
If we were at liberty to aUow our judgment to be swayed by sympathy, we should
have no difficulty in giving the claimant a larger recovery than we feel justified in
awarding her on principles of law. But, of course, it is not our province to reach re-
sults through the guidance of feeling, or to be turned aside from legal conclusions by
the impulses of charity. This claimant's case, like every other, must be determined
by law.
The first question involved in it is, whether the claimant was in the employ of the
Government. We have no difficulty in answering this in the affirmative. She was,
on the 12th of February, 1878, hj the written act of the Secretary of the Interior, ap-
pointed ^^ a laborer (first grade) in the Patent Office, at a salary of $720 per annum,
to take effect when she should file the oath of office and enter on duty.''
There is no dispute that she took the oath of office on the 13th of February, 1878,
and therefore no question of law is before us in connection with that matter.
The important point is, whether she complied with the terms of her appointment
by entering on duty. Under ordinary circumstances we should regard it necessary, in
order to answer this affirmatively, that she shouldhavereported herself to the proper
officer of the Patent Office for duty ; but all the facte of the case tend to make it clear
that she was, in consideration of her distressing circumstances, to be allowed to do at
her house the work which appertained to her position. She applied for such work,
and no objection was made by the Commissioner of Patents to its being sent to her.
Under these circumstances we are of opinion that she may be considered as having
entered on duty from the day that she was sworn in. That she did not perform duty^
was not her fault, so far as appears. She was ready and willing to work, but no work
was given her, nor was she officially informed that she must do her work in the office.
After all that took place in relation to her having work sent to h<r house, it would be
unjust to say that she was in default because she did not come to the office when she
was not required to do so.
Of course, she could not occupy that exceptional position for an indefinite length
of time. She was made an exception to a rule of the office, in consideration of
the peculiarly afflicting circumstances of her case, but the exception was to endure
only temporarily. This she roust have known ; and knowing it, she should have
taken the earliest moment tliat she could to have her official relations with the office
clearly defiued. If she had applied therefor, she would have been definitely informed
whether the arrangement granted in view of her husband's illness was to continue
after she, by his death, was relieved from attendance at his bedside; and then, if she
desired to work in the office, she would, doubtless, have been provided with work
there. But evidently she wished the work to be sent to her house, and did not wish to
go to the office. Here wa« her mistake. It was not for her, but for the Commissioner
of Patents to say where she should do duty. And it was for her to ascertain officially
and definitely how long the charitable arrangement first permitted was to continue,
if she expected to be borne on the pay-rolls, and to receive the siUary without per-
forming service.
The final question is, Was that arrangement discontinued, and if so, when and
how f If at no previous time, it was certainly terminated by the letter of the Secre-
tary of the Interior to her of the 20th May, 1878, in answer to her verbal application
for pay since the date of her oath of office, wherein he refused the pay, on the ground
MRS. SALLIE H. PALMER. 5
she had never yet entered on duty. This was full notice to her that she was
[considered as having been in the employ of the Department, or, at least, that she
not thenceforth to be so considered.
It there was a previous point of time when, in our judgment, the temporary ar-
:ement in her favor must be considered to have come to an end, and that was
D, at the close of the month in which she was appointed, the pay-rolls of the Pat-
Dffice employ^ were made up, and her name was not placed thereon. It was not
her urgent interest, in her painful circumstances, but it was every way incum-
on her to find out whether ner name was on the rolls; for upon that depended
:)btaining the pay she, doubtless, greatly needed. It is unreasonable to suppose
she failed to inquire into so important a matter as that. Every presumption is
she did inquire into it, and did know, at the close of February, that her name
not on the rolls. If she did know it, then was the time for her to have reported
luty in the offic<$, if she wished to keep the place to which she had been appointed ;
he was then fuUy advised that she could no longer stay at home doing no work,
yet receive pay as if «he had done duty. So far as appears, she made no further
ement to obtain either work or pay until nearly three months had elapsed; when
isked for pay, but not for work. Upon the principles laid down, at the present
I, in £arhou?8 Case (ante) we can do no otherwise than hold, that from the time
Brst pay roll after her appointment was made up without her name on it, and she
no notice of that fact, nor made any effort to keep the place which had been
n her, she must be considered to have voluntarily aoandoned the 'place, as corn-
sly as if she had declared her resignation thereof in writing *, and tnat after that
she is entitled to no pay,
)r fifteen days in February she is entitled to be paid, and judgment will be en-
1 in her favor for $30.
b new facts are produced by claimant, and it is as true now as when
Court of Claims passed upon her case that no service was ever
lered by her under the alleged employment to the United States,
was the Government ever benefited in the least degree by any
ice rendered by the petitioner in the Department of the Interior,
did receive employment and was ready to perform work for the Gov-
nent under certain conditions, which conditions not being complied
i she did not labor.
er case, as set forth in her petition and the accompanying papers,
8 solely upon her contract rights, and these have been fully adjudi-
d by a competent tribunal of her own choosing. Your committee,
Ing that it is not within their province to make any allowance to
nant from motives of generosity or as a matter of charity, report
I the bill, S. 1648, with the recommendation that it do not pass.
8. Bep. 664-- — 2
J
48th Congress, ) SENATE. i Bbpobt
Ist Session. ) \ No. 565.
IN THE SENATE OP THE UNETED STATES.
Mat 21, 1884.— Ordered to bo priuttrd.
Mr. Kenna, from the Committee on Claims, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To aooompany bill S. 714.]
The Ootmnittee <m Claims^ to which was referred the bill for the relirfof
the Mobile Marine Dock Company^ having had the same under considera-
tion^ report as follows:
After tbe capture and occupancy of the city of Mobile, in April, 1865,
by the United SUites Army, it was determined that the interests of the
Government demanded the occupancy and use of the property of the
Mobile Marine Dock Company. The monitor Osage and the Saint Mary
had been sunk in*the bay. Other naval vessels required repairs, and
the transports belonging to the Quartermaster's Department had to be
refitted and kept in repair for the collection of the commissary, ordnance,
and quartermaster's stores, and the large amount of cotton whicii had
belonge<l to the Confederate authorities. There was no other marine
duck south of Charleston, those at New Orleans having been sunk.
The Mobile Marine Dock Company owned the requisite material for the
repairing of the vessels of the Navy and of the Quartermaster's Dei)art-
ment, and such materials could be found nowhere else on the Gulf coast,
except at New Orleans. It was under these circumstances that the
Government officials informed the officers of the Mobile Marine Dock
Company that the interests of the Government required that the dock
pro|)erty should be either condemned for public use and paid for, or else
that it should be placed under the exclusive control of the Quartermas-
ter's Department for such time as the protection of Government interests
might require, and for it then to be returned to the officers of the com-
pany with reasonable com)>ensation for the services rendered. The com-
pany elected the last alternative, and the property of the company, with
its entire organized working force, including the superintendent and
employes, were, on the 16th day of April, J 865, placed under the exclu-
sive direction and control of the Quartermaster's Department and in the
service of th«* Government. This control and service continued for seven
months — until the 16th day of November, 1865 — when it was redelivered
to the officers of the company, after such use of material and such dam-
age to the dock as the protection of Government interests rendered
necessary and unavoidable.
' Captain Knndle was the first quartermaster placed in charge of the
dock property, and whilst under his direction the important work of
J MOBILE MARINE DOCK COMPANY.
raising and repairing the monitor Osage and the ship Saint Mary, and
the repairing of five other vessels of the Navy, was completed. After
Ca])tain Kunkle, Captain Ford was given control of the dock property;
and after Ford, Captain Stewart was i)la<3ed in charge, and so continaed
until relieved by the chiefquartermastet'of the department of Alabama,
Col. M. J). Wickersham, who then took charge, and soon thereafter re-
stored the property to the control of the officers of the company. Wheu
the ]>roi>erty was thus restored, the company through its proper oflBcers
made immediate claim for the promised ^'reasonable compensation,'' or
else for the proper voucherson the Quartermaster's Department to insure
such payment. To this demand Colonel Wickersham replied that tlie
work not having been done under his ))ersoual direction he had uosnch
knowledge as would justify him in either paying the demand or iu giving
for it the usual quartermaster's vouchers, but that he would, as he did,
turn over to the company the quartermaster's book and all tlie onlers
and vouchers for material furnished and work done, which would be
necessary for the making out and substantiating the claim. From the
quaitermaster's book and the orders and vouchers thus furnished the
claim of the com}>auy was made out, and by the direction of the local
military authorities was presented to the War Department for payment
The claim having been referred to the Quartermaster-General, whs re
turned by that officer to the War Department on the 20th day of June,
1868, with the remark that '< under the act of February 21, 1867, claims
arising in the State of Alabama during the rebellion could not be paid.^
The claimants, on the presentation of their claim, had made request
that a commission might be appointed to investigate, and report upon,
the integrity of their claim and the correctness of the charges lor serv-
ices and material. Accordingly, after the return of the papers by the
Quartermaster-General, the "board of claims" of the War Department
made a preliminary report, recommending that the chief quartermaster
and the assistant inspector-general of the Department of the South be
deputed to make the investigation requested, with instructions to re-
port through the Quartermaster-General. This recommendation was
approved by the Secretary of War. The officers designated made their
report to the Quartermaster-General in October, 1868, and it was for-
warded to the Secretary of War by the Quartermaster-General on the
22d day of Decembier, 1868, with the remark that the dock must have
been used iu aid of the rebellion, and wa«, therefore, liable to confisca-
tion, and the owners were fortunate in having regained possession of
their property through the leniency of the Government or the neglect
of the officers in failing to institute legal proceedings for Its couHscar
tion 5 that the acts of Congress only authorized the confiscation of
property of natural persons. They did not make the proj[)erty of an
artificial or incorporated body confiscable; therefore, the property in
question was not liable to confiscation. This report, and all the papers
submitted with the claim of the company, were then referred to the
''board of claims" of the War Department, of which James A. Har-
die, Inspector-General and brevet major general, was president, and
George Gibson, major and brevet lieutenant-colonel. United States
Army, was recorder. The board, on the 25th day of March, 1869, sub-
mitted their report, in which they say :
The aniomit of the charges, it is believed by the board, iu view of the testimony
collected, may reasonably be presumed to represent the value of the work done and
of the material used. * • * The amount of damages to the dock it may be pre-
sumed was incurred.
MOBILE MARINE DOCK COMPANY. 3
I
The board find the facts to be sabstantiaUy as follows. The claim is thus stated :
A. For seveo vessels docked and repaired and materials furnished by order
of AdmiralThacther, United States Navy 127.070 95
B. For twenty -fonr vessels repaired by order of the militHry authorities.. 'J:^, 799 10
C For four vessels of private owners docked and repaired by order of the
military authorities 2^r>ri3 70
D. For lumber delivered for Army purposes 7, 997 55
£. For material, dec, takeu possession of by the Quartermaster's Depart-
ment, April 16, lb65 15,781 35
F. Cost of repairing dock 15,736 16
Total...: 101,938 81
For arrivinp: at the conclusion tbat the claim as thus stated might be
accepted as substantially' correct, the "board of claims" had before them
the testimony of the officers of the company, of the quarterniast<^r's
clerk, of the quartermaster's book^of over a hundred quartermasters'
vouchers, and the report of the commission appointed to proceed to
Mobile and make careful examination into, and report all matters touch-
ing: the validity of the claim. It was aiier an evidently scrutinizing
examination of this testimony that the board arrived at the result stilted,
and declared they had "exhausted the testimony."
There is no conflict in the testimony furnished by the company and
that given in the report of the commission ; on the contrary, there is
entire agreement as to all material facts. That the claim is, in the lan-
guage of the board, "substantially correct," is either frankly admitted
or silently acquiesced in by all the Government officers whose duty it
was made to examine into the matter. !Nor is there any issue taken
with the testimony of the company that the dock and material were by
contract passed into the hands of the Quartermaster's Department under
the explicit promise to allow and pay a "reasonable compensation"
when the Government work should have been completed and its value
ascertained. The change of quartermasters given charge of the prop-
erty prevented a compliance with the contract, but that the obligation
existed, as proved by the officers of the company, is not only corrobo-
rated by the action of the chief quartermaster in delivering to the com-
pany the quartermaster's book, with the orders and vouchers which
were indispensable to the ascertaining and substantiating the claim,
but is sanctioned in a communication from the chief quartermaster, who
states, among the reasons for the non-compliance with the contract, the
fact that a large portion of the claim was chargeable to the Navy and
not to the Quartermaster's Department.
In its exhaustive examination of the matters of the dock company the
" board of claims" gives the cfassiti cation of a furnished list of stock-
holders, showing that while the chief interest and control was held by
parties loyal to the Government, only eight small stockholders had given
support to the rebellion.
Having completed its statement of the facts involved in the claim,
the board in concluding its re[)ort suggests doubt as to the scope of the
acts of Congress in limiting the authority of the War Department to pay
any claims arising in States which had been declared to be in rebellion.
In deference to this expressed doubt of the board of claims, Secretary
Rawlins referred the claim of the dock company to the Attorney -Gen-
eral with the request for his opinion upon the restraining limiUition of
the acts of 18G4 and 18C7 on the discretionary powers of the Secretary
for the payment of the claim. This was done on the 3d day of April,
1869, and no response was made from the Attorney-General's office until
the 3d day of January-, 1872, the day after the claim was barred before
4 MOBILE MARINE DOCK COMPANY.
the Court of Claims by the statute of limitations. The AttorueyGreneral
couclndes hia opinion as follows :
I mil of the opinion that the present claim originated dnring the war and canDot be
settled by the War Department (13 Opinions Attorneys-General, 5.S5).
The Attorney General bases his opinion upon the assnmed fact that
the ''dock'' is real estate; whereas the "dock" is made of wood and
iron, and floats on the water. Besides this, the opinion of the Attorney-
General was given before the decision of the Supreme Court in the case
of The Union Bank vs. The Planters' Bank (16 Wall., 485), and is in
conflict with the principles of that and subsequent decisions. The fact
of contract and entailed obligation to pay ''reasonable compensation,"
is not considered in the Attorney-General's opinion. The opinion, how-
ever, was accepted by Secretary Rawlins as of controlling force in re-
straining him from paying the claim ; and the retention of the pai>ers
in tlie Attorney- General's OflBce from the 3d da^^ of April, 1869, to the
3d day of January, 1872, the day after the barring of the claim from
the Court of Claims by the statute of limitations, left to the company
no tribunal for redress but the Congress of the United States.
The company being incoiporated, its property not being confiscable,
and its shareholders, with an inconsiderable exception, being loyal citi-
zens of the Government, were, under the decisions of the Supreme Court,
entitled to compensation. In 1864, while the war was in progress, in
the leading case of the Venice (2 Wall., 258), Chief Justice Chase, in
delivering the opinion of the court, says:
By excepting districts occupied and coDtrolled by natioual troops from the general
prohibition of trade, it indicated the policy of the Grovernuient not to regard such
districts as in actual insurrection, or their inhabitants as subject, in all rtsspects, to
treatment as enemies. Military occupation and control, to work this exception, must
be actual ; that is to say, not illusory, not imperfect, not transient, but substantial,
complete, and permanent. Being such, it draws after it the full measure of protection
to persons ami property consistent with a necessary subjection to military govern-
ment. It does not, indeed, reshire peace, or, in all respects, former relatioiiN; but it
replaces rebel by national authority, and recognizes to some extent the conditions
and responsibilities of national citizenship.
The principles thus announced by the Supreme Court in the case of
the Venice have been since then reaffirmed and extended by that
tribunal in the case of The Union Bank vs. The Planters' Bank (16
Wall., 483), and in other cases.
The occupation of Mobile by the national troops was '^substantial,
complete, and permanent"; and national authority has been accepted
and obeyed from that date.
But, beyond and above this, the fact that the property was accepted
and used for seven months in the interest, and to the great profit, of the
Government, under a contract and promise to allow and pay ** reason-
able compensation" after the required service should have been com-
pleted, entails upon the Government an obligation which cannot be
avoided, and response to which should no longer be deferred. The use
of the dock property was in no degree in the interests of the war, but
was simply for pecuniary advantage, and proved of saving value to the
Government to an extent so great as, by comparison, to render the just
compensation of the company of trifling consideration.
The following letter from Colonel Wickersham indicates that this
claim would have been paid promptly but for a difficulty, which in no
way denied its merit:
Washington, D. C, Janvary 31, 1883.
Dear Sir : The parties interested in the claim of the Mobile Marine Dock, now
pending before Congress, have requested mo to make to yon the following statement,
to wit:
l^OT. 5, lH(j5, 1 was assigned Ch. Q. M. Mil. Dept. of Alabama, hdqrs. at Mobile. A
MOBILE MAJtIKE DOCK COMPANY. 5
lar^e number of claims for the ase of buildings, steamboats, etc., by the Union forces
during the summer of 1865, were presented to me for consideration. Amonc said
claims was the one above referred to, and this claim, though analagous to all the
others, was, I believe, the only claim which I was not duly authorized to a^jnst and
pay. Part of this claim I held to be justly chargeable to the Navy Dept., but the
Gov't's liability, under an undisputed promise to pay, seemed to me clear.
About the middle of Nov., 1865, 1 transferred the dock itself to the owners. Some
material claimed by the owners I found in the custody and on the books of my sub-
ordinate quartermasters in charge of that species of public property.
In due course, under proper authority, said material was sold as other surplus pub-
lic stores.
Many of the shareholders in this property were poor mechanics, and they are rep-
resented by gentlemen of the highest cnaracter.
I have no pecuniary interest in this claim, and write at the request of others, and
to promote, if I can, the ends of Justice.
I am, sir, with great respect, etc.,
M. D. WICKERSHAM,
Late Chief Quartermaster Dept. of Alabatna,
Hon. Angus C aileron, U. 8. S.,
Washington, D, C.
It appears from all the facts iu proof that this claim grows out of
the use of property by the Federal authorities for public purposes and
under contract with the owners of said property for such use, and for
reasonable compensation therefor. Such contracts and legitimate
claims growing out of them have not been denied appropriate recogni-
tion by Congress. They in no way involve the principles of that class
of war claims which have been refused payment, but belong rather to
the class of claims for use and occupation under contract, which, when
properly proved, have been uniformly approved and paid.
Your committee therefore repoit back the accompanying bill with the
amount found due by the board of claims of the War Department, and
recommend that it be passed.
48th Congbess, ( SENATE. ( Report
1st Session. ] ' t No. 566.
m THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Mat 22, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. MiLLEB, of California, from the Committee on Foreign Relations,
submitted the following
. REPORT:
[To accompany proposed amendment to H. R. 6770.]
In proposing an amendment to the consular and diplomaticappropria-
tioD bill, making an appropriation of $1,054.94 to compensate Mr. John
^W. Foster, United States minister at Madrid, for time spent under the
direction of the President in excess of the ordinary requirement, and an
appropriation of $8^.88 to compensate Mr. Wickham Hofifman, United
States minister at Copenhagen, for extra official services which he was
required by the President to perform, the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions beg leave to submit the following extract from a letter from the
Department of State to this committee, dated the 21st of March, 1884:
I have the honor to request that provision be made to compensate Mr. John W.
FoBter, United States minister at Madrid, and Mr. Wickham Hoffman, United States
minister at Copenhagen, for extra official services which they were required by the
Preeident to perform.
The facts in these cases are as follows :
Mr. Foster was entitled by law to compensation for only thirty days while receiv-
ing instructions. The importance of his mission and the intricate nature of thcmany
qaestious then pending between Spain and the United States necessarily required
more than a study of thirty days for comprehension, and the President consequently
directed Mr. Foster to continue his study to completion.
The President moreover required Mr. Foster to attend General Diaz, of Mexico,
who was then the nation's guest, Mr. Foster being pre-eminently fitted for this serv-
ice by reason of his years of former association with the Mexican President while
United States minister to Mexico
These two services fully occupied Mr. Foster for a period of thirty-two days beyond
the time allowed him forreceiving his instructions.
His compensation for that peri<S should, at the rate of his salary, be $1,054.94.
Mr. Hofiman's case is entirely analogous. In March last, soon Skfter his appoint-
ment as minister, he was directed by the President to accompany the Madagascar en-
voys from New York to Washington, and care for them here.
He was on that duty six days ; otherwise he would have left for his post at the ex-
piration of the thirty days allowed him by law for the reception of instructions.
His compensation for that period should, at the rate of his salary, be $82.88.
The Government is justly indebted for these two sums, which amount to $1,137.82,
and hence I request that early and effective action be taken for their payment.
I
48th Uongress, I SENATE. • ( Repobt
1st Session. ) \ No. 567,
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 22, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Jackson, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany bill S. 958.]
The Committee on Pensions , to whom was referred the Mil {8. 958) grant-
ing arrears of pension to Augustus 2>. Blanchety hnving carefully exam-
ined the same, report as follotcs :
Augustus D. Blanchet, late a major in the Twenty-seventh Begiment
New Jersey Volunteers, was enlisted September 25, 1862, and was dis-
charged by order of Major-General Halleck April 29, 1863, because of
disability resulting from left inguinal hernia, contracted in the line of
his duty. The officer was pensioned June 16, 1865, at $6.25 per month
from April 29, 1863, the date of his discharge. He subsequently made
application for an increase, which was granted, and he was pensioned at
$20 per month from June 3, 1874.
Having procured such increase under the provisions of law passed
since 1865, the pensioner next applied for arrears from date of discharge
to June 3, 1874, according to the rate of his increased allowance made
from the latter date. This application was rejected by the Oommis-
sioner of Pensions, the evidence on file not showing that the same state
of disability existed in 1863 as at date of increase. This action was cor-
rect. Furthermore, as arrears were allowed under the first application,
there was no law that authorized arrears for increase of pension under
subsequent acts. Under such a construction of the pension laws, every
new act which increased the rates for disabilities would carry arrears on
such increase back to date of iiy ury or date of discharge. This could not
properly be allowed, and was certainly not the intention of Congress.
The application for arrears having^been rejected by the Pension Bureau,
the present bill proposes to allow and pay the pensioner '' arrears of pen-
sion at the rate of $20 per month between April 23. 1863, and June 3,
1874^ deducting therefrom the arrears heretofore paia to him on account
of his pension between said dates." This cannot be allowed.
Your committee accordingly recommend that the bill be indefinitely
postponed.
48th Congress, > SENATE. ( Eepoet
1st Session. S \ ^O- ^^•
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Mat 22, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Mitchell, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the fol-
lowing :
REPORT:
[To accompany bill S. 1241.]
The Senate Committee on Pensions, to which was referred the bill
S. 1241, which bill embraces certain amendments to the pension laws^
as suggested by the Commissioner of Pensions in his annual report,
begs leave to report the same back to the Senate with the recommenda-
tion that it pass as modified.
Section 1 of the bill consists of certain amendments as follows :
Section 4693 of the Kevised Statutes is amended so as to provide for,
as beneficiaries, in connection with those already named therein, officers
and men of the Bevenue Marine disabled by wound or injury received
while in the performance of the duties prescribed in chapter 3, title 34,
of the Bevised Statutes, a class heretofore unprovided for, except while
co-operating with the Navy by order of the President (see section 4741.
Bevised Statutes), and provides pension for female nurses who served
for the period of ninety days, or who contracted a disability while so
employed ; extends the law so as to include scouts and certain quar-
termasters' employes who rendered hazardous service; also extends
the limitation prescribed in the third paragraph of said section to July
1, 1886.
Section 4693j^, of the Bevised Statutes is amended so as to fix the
date of commencement of increase of pension from the date of filing
the application therefor in cases where the disability is permanent,
instead of from the date of the certificate of an examining surgeon
under the pending claim, as in many instances the evidence on file is
sufficient to show the degree of disability and the medical examination
adds no information to the case.
It is also provided that none of the amendments set forth in this act
'^ shall be operative as " against the limitations prescribed in the title
'^ Pensions," chapter 57, Bevised Statutes of the United States, and
those imposed by the acts of January 25 and March 3, 1879, except as
specifically provided.
Section 4718 of the Bevised Statutes is amended as follows :
If any invalid pensioner has died, or shall hereafter die, or if anv person entitled
to an invalid pension, having an application therefor pending, has died, or shall hero^
after die, the accrued pension dae to the date of death in such case shall be paid to
the relative or relatives of sach person in the following order of precedence, viz :
First, his widow ; second, his child or children, under sixteen years of age ; third, his
mother ; fourth, his father ; fifth, his orphan brothers and sisters, under sixteen years
of age. Such accrued pension shall not be considered as a part of the assets of the
deoeased, nor liable to be applied to the payment of the debts of said estate in any
2 AMENDMENTS TO THE PENSION LAWS.
'oaso whatever, but shall imire to the solo and exclusive benefit of the person or per-
sons who are herein declared to be entitled to the same. If no i)er8on survive who is
entitled as aforesaid to receive such accrued pension, no payment whatever of the
same shall be made or allowed, except so much as may be necessary to reimburse the
persofl or persons who bore the expenses of the last sickness (i. e., the immediate at-
tack Vvhicn endsindeath) and the burial of the deceiiHed pensioner, where he did not
leave sutticlent a.H»ers to uwot nnrh expeuHes, which facts nhall be afljudicated by the
CJommissionrr of Pensinns, imdersuch rules and r(?;^ulation8 as lie Uiay proHi-ribe, who
Bhall dire* t the ])aynicnt of ilie sum found to be due by the pcni»iou a^ent to the per-
son found entitled: J*rovi(ied, That if any pensioner dies after havin/i^ execut*fd a
voucher to the proper pension a«jejit, as re<iuired by law and the rules and regnla
tionsof the Pension Otfice, containing a receipt for the pension then due, signed and
executed by the pensioner, then and in that case the payment shall be completed by
the pension agent to tbe person entitled, or to the legal representative of such pen-
sioner.
The change in this from the law as it now stands consists in confining
its provisions to Invalid pensionei*s, and exteinling their benefits to the
beneficiaries of a soldier, as provided in other sections, thus making it
consistent and harmonious with other laws, an<l in fixing the juris-
diction of such cases as arise under it with the Oomtnissiouer of Pen-
sions. This amendment is greatly needed.
Section 4719 of the Revised Statutes, which irow provides that medi-
cal evidence be furnished to show continuan<;e of the disability for which
pension was allowed, in order to secure the restoration to the rolls of
the name of the pensioner who has failed to claim the pension for the
period of three jears, is so amended as to authorize the Commissioner
of Pensions, in cases of invalids, to accept other satisfactory evidence
as to the continuance of the disability, unless the same was absolutely
permanent in a disabling degree, and that such restoration shall take
effect from the date of last payment.
Section 4729 of the Revised Statutes is amended so as to provide the
allowance of ])ensiou on account of those who may hereafter die by
reason of injury or disease incurred prior to March 4, 18^»1.
Section 2 amends the act api)roved March 3, 1877, to remove the dis-
ability of those who having participated in the rebellion have since its
termination enlisted in the Army of the Unite<! States and became dis-
abled therein, so as to apply to those who, u|uler like circumstances,
have enlisted in the Navy or Marine Corps of the United States.
Section 3 amends the act approved June 17, 1878, so as to entitle all
persons who are so permanently and totally disabled from disabilities
incurred in the service and in the line of duty as to require the regular
personal aid and attendance of another person to a pension of $72 per
month, and the pension shall commence June 17, 1878, if the disability
existed in the degree herein set forth ; otherwise the pension shall com-
mence as provided by existing laws. As the law now stands only those
who have lost both hands, both feet, or the sight of both eyes, or were
receiving a pension at the rate of $50 per month at the date of the ap-
proval of the act of June 16, 1880, are entitled to the rate of $72 per
month, which imposes an unjust discrimination in many equally merito-
rious cases where the pensioners have become totally helpless by dis-
eases other than those denominated as specific.
Section 4 amends the act approved June 9, 1880, so as to include within
its provisions all of&cers and enlisted men of the Army and their widows
and minor children. Said act now provides only for those who were em-
ployed in the naval service.
Sections 5, 6, 7, and 8 re-enact certain provisions of the military es-
^^ablishment act which were omitted in the codification of the laws.
Sections 9 and 10 create a commission for the purpose of settling ac-
AMENDMENTS TO THE PENSION LAWS. 3
oouuts now existing, or which may hereafter exist, between the agents
for paying pensions and the United States. As it is now almost impos-
sible, owing to the lack of such provision of law, for agents to secure a
settlement of their accounts, the committee regard this section as emi-
nently just, and imperatively required in the interest of bonded officers
and the' public service.
Section 11 provides that in cases of an overpayment of pension the
pension which accrues thereafter shall be applied to the credit of such
overpayment, but in the case of death of the pensioner only such pen-
sion as accrued to the date of said death shall be placed to the credit of
sach overpayment. This works no hardship to the pensioner and pre-
vents loss to the Gov(!rnment.
Section 12 extends to the several United States pension agents the
provisions of sections 5 and 6 of an act entitled " An act establishing
post-roads, and for other purposes,'' approved March 3, 1877, being the
extension of the use of the penalty envelope. The law now provides that
pension agents shall pay such postage and receive reimbursement from
the Government therefor. It seems to us proper that the penalty en-
velope be used in all such cases.
Section 13 repeals sections 1G39 and 1656, in title 16, relating respect-
ively to the care of the militia who were wounded, and providing for
the widows and children of those who die ; section 4716, in title 67, which
provides that no money on account of pension shall be paid to any
I>erson who in any manner voluntarily aided and abetted the late
rebellion; section 4722, relating to the Missouri militia; 4741, providing
pension to officers and seamen of revenue cutters; also the acts approved
June 17, 1878, March 3, 1879, and June 16, 1880, relating to increase of
pension of certain pensioned soldiers and sailors, who are utterly help-
less from injuries received or disease contracted while in the United
States service, the same being provided for in this bill.
These amendments have received the careful attention of the com-
mittee in all their aspects, and after mature deliberation and examina-
tion the committee present them as proper and recommend their
• adoption.
We append certain explanatory notes furnished by .the Commissioner
of Pensions, which more clearly and fully show the reasons for the
changes in existing laws proposed in this bill as follows :
Memoranda accompanying Senate bill 1241.
In section 4693 paragraph 1 remains unchanged.
Paragraph 2 is a re-enactoient of section 4722, Revised Statutes. That section, how-
ever, imposed a limitation that all claims therenuder should be prosecated to a snc-
cessfnl issue prior to March 3, 1873. The class referred to are held to bo within the
description contained in section 4692. Their service was determined b}' a commission
created by Congress, and the records on file in the War Department is and has been
sufficient to bring them within the operation of the law without regard to section 4722.
To repeal this section without otherwise providing for thom might be construed as
denying the right to pension. The proposed amendment simply reconciles an ap-
parent inconsistency of the statutes, and does not provide for any new class.
The terms of paragraph 3 were enacted in its general provisions by an act approved
March 25, 1862 (see Statutes at Laree, vol. 10, chap. 49), but in the revision of the
statutes in 1674 it was not re-enacted. In the full effect of the provisions of the act
referred to, now contained in the proposed paragraph, were declared by the Commis-
sioner of Pensions in a ruling, and the same is now in force. There was a period
since 1874 when a pension was denied to this class, and improperly so, I think. The
proposed amendment gives no additional rights or title than the practice of the office
now concedes under the act of March 25, 1862.
4 AMENDMENTS TO THE PENSION LAWS.
■
Para^n^pb 4 provides for officers and seamen of the Re venae Marine. Section 4T41.
Beviflc^d 8tati]te8, now provides for this cla«s in the same manner as is provided in
this paragraph, whenever the disability described shall have been received while in
the discbarge of their duty wbile co-operating with the Navy by order of the Presi-
dent. The new legislation propose*! provides a pension for wonud or injury received
in discharge of their duty. The statute (bee chap. 3, title 34, R. S.) defines the duties
of this class; also the relative rank of the commissioned officers, compared with those
in the Navy.
Paragraph 5 more clearly defines the duties of the class referred to and conforms to
the practice of the office.
Paragra^ih 6, while describing specifically certain classes, is for the purpose of hav-
ing a btatutoiy description, as there has not been uniform practice in regard to them
in former years. The new legislation containeil in this paragraph will be determined
by the liujitation. In the existing law the limitation expired Jnne 4, 1^4. This
amendment proposes to extend the time for this class in which to further prosecute
their claims. It is impracticable to form an intelligent estimate of the namber who
would be entitled, l>ut twenty-five would appear as a maximum.
The amendment in paragraph 7 is simply the addition of the words " on duty*' and
more explanatory- than otherwise.
Paragraph ^ is unchanged.
Paragraph D includes female nuKses, and Ls new.
In Section 4094 ihe words ** station of duty** are added, as much confusion has at
times arisen as to the proper definition of a military post within the meaning of this
statute.
Section 4G96 provides that in determining the rank of a commissioned officer by hh
commission or appointment, there shall also have been a vacancy in the rank con-
ferred by such comnii.ssion or aj i>ointnient. Commissions were not issned except in
cases of vacancies in the grade for which commissioned. The vacancy which the
statute refers to is rather a technical than an actual one. One example will illus-
trate the whole class. A first lieutenant is killed in action, leaving the company with
but two commissioned officers. The second lieutenant is commissiont d to fill that
vacancy, and the first sergeant that of the second lieutenancy. Under orders of the
War Department a company or command reduced below a certain miuimnm number
was not entitled to have mustered its full complement of officers. In snch a case as
cited, the second lieutenant would perform the duties of the next higher grade and
this first sergeant those of the. second lieutenant. If wounded or disabled while i>er-
forming such duties he should have the benefit of the rank conferred by his commis-
sion, whether there was a vacancy in that grade or not. Under the statutes as now ex-
isting the second lieutenant would be entitled to the next higher grade, but if he
should not claim it, or was not entitled to a pension, or should have been killed in
service, the sergeant, who would be the only officer in the company, would not be en-
titled to a pension under his commission unless his disability was received after the
death of the second lieutenant. As these restrictions apply almost wholly to the older
organization in the servi^ — the veterans— it operates in great injustice to a small but
specially deserving class.
Section 4698, 1-2 : The statute in force provides that in case of increa^se of pension,
the same shall commence from the date of the examining surgeon's certificate e^itab-
lishing the same made under the pending claim. The proi>osed amendment strike:^
out the words "made under the pending claim." The object of this is that in many
cases the evidence on file is sufficient to show the degree of disaibility, and an addi-
tional medical examination adds no information to the case. It is not infrequently
the case that a claimant appears in person at this office, claiming that his pen-
sion is not properly rated, and upon his request he is accorded a medical examina-
tion. Having failed to make application for increase, no action can be taken on this
examination; but perhaps in a day or two he may be directed to appear before the
same board, that the same facts may be recited to bring the same within the de-
scription of the statutes. Cases of this description will arise : A man may be pen-
sioned at $3 for the loss of a thumb. The rate allowetl for this disability is uniformly
$4 per month. When the attention of the office is invited to this erroneous rate, it
necessarily requires the claimant to make an application in due form, and afterwards
to appear before a surgeon, or board of surgeons, to certifv to a fact which is clearly
shown in the papers on file in the case. The proviso whicn is proposed to the amend-
ment defines the terms ** specific disability" mentioned in the same. The loss of a
thumb or a finger is as much a permanent disability as the loss of a li^md or a foot,
yet the construction given the statute has been that a "permanent specific dis-
ability" relates only to those mentioned in the law for which a specific rate is pro-
vided. The restrictions, therefore, which are imposed, operate to do great injustice
in many cases. In former years the rating of pensions was done by tlie examiners,
and their records will show that, as an instance, for the loss of a thumb, pension has
been allowed at the rate of $-, §2.66^, §3, $3.t>()f, and ?4 per month.
AMENDMENTS TO THE PENSION LAWS.
t»ip
The rate now and for several years allowed for this disability has been $4 per month,
^iost of these inequalities have been corrected in times past, but cases occasionally
cuise where the pensioner is in receipt of a less pension than the rule and practice of
the office now, and has for several years conceded for the same disability. Such
equalization of rates as would follow under the proposed proviso relates only to those
Usabilities which are actually permanent in their degree, and which are so shown
^y evidence on file, so that no testimony is necessary, and should not be, to show an
antecedent physical condition in a case which has once been adjudicated. It simply
places pensioners upon the same footing who are pensioned under the law and under
the sxuue circumstances. It does not, as rai^ht be supposed, readjudicate a case so as
to allow a pensioner a rate of pension which might be more in excess, under the
present practice, than what it was in former years.
Section 4713 : Commencing on line 200, the amendment proposed provides that the
pension shall commence from the date of filing the formal application instead of as now
required, upon the date of tiling the last paper, requisite to establish the claim. The
claims allowed prior to June 6, 1866, will not, of course, be affected by the proposed
legislation. It further provides that no claim filed prior to March 4, 1861, will be al-
lowed to commence other than provided by Ihe laws as they now exist, but that
since that date it places this class of claims more nearly upon the footing of all others.
Section 471.9: In line 219 instead of providing that medical testimony alone be re-
quired to show the continuance of a disability, it is that medical or other satisfactory
evidence. There are a class of disabilities necessarily permanent in their character
in which the claimant WQuld find it impossible to furnish medical testimony, there
having been no occasion for medical treatment, yet the character of the disability is
snch that a layman is as 'competent to testify as an}' surgeon ; for instance, the loss
of an eye or the loss of a tiuger. The amendment is sufficiently strong to exclude dis-
abilities from which the pensioner maj* have recovered and accepts the testimony in-
dicated in the amendment only on condition that the disability was absolutely per-
manent in a disabling degree. In tlie statute that now exists, the clause ** who
were not exempt from uiennial examination " is stricken out, snch examination being
no longer necessary.
Section 4729 : The recommendation is that in the case of those who may hereafter die
by reason of any injurj' or disease contracted in wars prior to 1861, pension may be
auowed on account of said death the same as though they had died in the service, as
is now provided.
Xhe amendment proposed in section 2 is to the act of March 3, 1877, the substance
of which is that any person who, in any manner, engaged in or aided or abetted the
late rebellion and afterwards voluntarily eiilisted iu the Army of the United States,
shall not be deprived of tbeir right to any pension to which tliey would otherwise be
entitled. The amendment proposed is to include as well those who afterwards volun-
tarily enlisted iu the Navy or Marine Corps of the United States. The class to be
benefited would be very small, relating almost entirely to such persons who have
since the termination of the war or may hereafter enlist in the Navy or Marine Corps
and contracted a disability which would entitle them to a x>ension.
Section 3 amends the act of June 17, 1878, as well as that of June 16, 18'^.
The act of June 18, 1874, provides ^50 per month from June 4, 1874, as follows :
1. Loss sight of both eyes.
2. Loss sight of one eye, the ^ight of the other having been previously lost.
3. Loss of both hands.
4. Loss of both feet.
5. Any other injury resulting in total and permanent helplessness, &c.
The act of June 17, 1878, provides a rate or $72 from June 17, 1878, as follows:
1. Loss of both hands.
2. Loss of both feet.
3. Loss sight of both eyes.
See that tliis act omitted classes Nos. 2 and 5 of act of June IH, 1874.
Act June 16, 1880, provides $72 from June 17, 1878, for all who are now receiving
f50 per month ; consequently all of the five classes in the act of 1874 who were at the
date of last- named act receiving IgSO per month are placed on same footing, but any
person in classes 2 and 5 who was receiving a less auiount, and by an increase of his
aisability so that he would be otherwise entitled to $72 per month, is excepted ; also
any new case of pension of these two classes, in both instances named, receiving but
$50 per month. While it is mere guess-work as to the number who would be bene-
fited by the proposed change in the law,' it may be stated that twelve or fifteen a
year is believed to be a liberal estimate. Of the classes mentioned in act of June 17,
1874, there have been an annual average of ninety-three increased since 1878, most of
them, however, being on account of total blindness.
Section 4 amends the act of June 9, 1880, which provided that certain sections of
the Revised Statutes should not operate to reduce the pension of certain persons who
served in the Navy as well as their widows and minor children, and directed that in
6 AMENDMENTS TO THE PENSION LAWS.
any such case where the pension had been reduced it should be restored to the former
rate. The class of Navy pensioners thus benefited was comparatively small, as in but
few instances did the rate of pension exceed that provided by the act of July 14,
1862, and subsequent acts. It should be borne in mind that in such cases the act orig-
inally granting them pensions was based upon the pay list of the Navy as it then
existed and further provided that the pension allowed should continue during their
natural lives, with a few immaterial exceptions. The proposed amendment places
pensioners of the Army and their widows upon the same footing. It is not believed
that more than a half dozen will come within the proposed modification of the law.
Sections 5, 6, 7, and 8 is a re-enactment of certain provisions of the military estab-
lishment act, and such changes as have taken place m the phraseology is more to con-
form to subsequent legislation without materially affecting the practice in regard to
these claims. In the codification of the laws by the revision of the statutes the re-
enactment of these provisions was omitted, and without question, by oversight, aa
certain limitations relating to them formed a part of existing law while those grant-
ing title, as before stated, were omitted. Under former rulings of the office these
statutes have been given full force and effect, but it is believed desirable to have them
re-enacted.
{Sections 9 and 10 creates a commission to settle certain accounts with pension agents,
and defines the classes of such accounts which shall be so settled. For a better under-
standing of the object and necessity for the same, the following may l)e stated: Pen-
sion agents and officers of the Interior Department, and as such receive all their in-
structions therefrom. In making a payment of pension, as>directed by a pension cer-
tificate, they perform statutory duties. John Smith, of Company A, First New York
Volnuteers, may have a claim for pension, and the sifme is allowed. The post-ofl&oe
address of the pensioner, accompanying the certificate, is forwarded to the pension
agent, and he directed to make the payment. It is afterwards discovered that by
means of fake personation the claim was improperly allowed by this office, and the
legal claimant coming forward is entitled to receive his pension. Upon this state of
fact«, after an investigation, the trial, conviction, and imprisonment of the person
who falsely personated the pensioner, the pension is paid to the legal claimant. So
long as payment was confined to the first named, and it appears that the same was
made withont fault on the part of the pension agent, his accounts going through the
offices of the Auditor and Comptroller of the Treasury are all correct, but as aoon as
the payment is made to the legal claimant, there will, of course, appear tw^o pensions
paid for the same period in the name of the same person. It is simply a question of
book-keeping, of debit and credit, consequently the unlawful payment stands charged
against the pension agent. It may be unnecessary to state that the accounting officer
of the Treasury can ext^rcise no discretion in such cases, therefore an agent is unable
to get a final settlement under his official bond. In such cases, no suit is brought as
the agent has performed his duties strictly in accordance with the statutes and the
instructions given him thereunder. Such a case as here cited is not an imaginary
one, but there were quite a number in the past several years.
Another class, illustrating in a different manner : Awidow or dependent mother
dies, leaving less than a quarter's pension due. No one survives who is entitled to
receive the pension. Some member of the family falsely personates the dead pen-
sioner, the voucher is executed in the manner and form prescribed under the statutes
and mailed to the pension agent, who issues his check in accordance with the alleged
facts. Now, in this class the fraud could be continuous, or, if terminated, there is
little probability of its discovery except through the vigilance of the pension a^ent.
If, upon its discovery, he shall remain silent, the facts are not brought to light,
while, on the contrary, the amount overpaid is charged against the agent. It is in
the highest degree creditable to these gentlemen, knowing full well that in their ef-
forts to discover these frauds they will be charged most unjustly with the overpay-
ment, yet they invariably pursue such a course as will bring the offender to justice.
There are several other classes presenting features somewhat different, but operating
in the same unjust manner.
In providing for the con;)mission the auditing and accounting officer of the Treas-
ury and the Commissioner of Pensions are suggested, as one direct-s the allowance of
the pension, is the judge of the law and facts in the case — while the other two audit
and settle the accounts of the pension agents.
Section 10 is so framed that no cases except those in which it may be claimed that
the agent who makes the payment pursued any other course than provided by the
statutes can be settled by the proposed commission.
Section II very fully explains itself, but one example will better illustrate its gen-
eral object : A pensioner may by error be overpaid, or by error one pensioner may re-
ceive the voucher of another upon which he receives more pension than his own cer-
tificate grants him, or he may receive his own pension and that of another by such an
error. This overpayment may be recovered out of the pension which accrues in the
future, the pensioner signing the voucher each quarter, and the check for the amount
ABfENDMENTS TO THE PENSION LAWS. 7
covers the same into the Treasury to the credit of sach overpayment. Now, when the
amount overpaid is sufficient to amouut to several quarters the pensioner will often
refuse to execute vouchers for each quarter as it subjects him to the notarial fee.
Even if the whole amouut of overpayment was allowed to accumulate, one voucher
lYould be sufficient, but it frequently happens that the pensiouer dies leaving an amouut
of pension due. Without au executed voucher the auditiug officer of the Treasury
cannot ^ve the agent the proper credit, notwithstanding a sufficient amount bus ac-
crue4 in such pension to liquidate, in whole or in part, the same. This section sim-
ply provides that such pension as accrues in such cases may be credited in the same
manner as though a voucher had been execut'^d. It does not relieve the agent iu any
way from any i>bligation to the United States, but simply permits the credit of an
overpayment in such, and only such amounts as actually accrue to the credit of the
Government.
The acts referred to in section 12 may be found as follows : Section 5 and 6, act of
March 3, 1879, in Chapter 103, page 287, iu the supplement to the Revised Statutes,
and the act of March 3, 1879. section 29, in volume 20, Statutes at Large, Chapter
180. page 362.
The purpose of section 12 is to provide that pension agents may be privileged to
use the penalty envelope the same as other officers of the Government are entitled to
do. Under present acts the pension agents are entitled to reimbursement on account
of postage, so that the only differeuce it will make will be to save from the peusion
appropriation the amounts so reimbursed, making a corresponding loss to the revenue
of thePost-Office Department. Besides this it saves the pension agents the annoyance
aud trouble of attaching postage stamps to their mail matter. Not less than a million
and one-half of stamps are used by the several pension agents annually.
In section 13 the repeal of sections 1639 and 1656 in Title lb of the Revised Statutes is
for the purpose that the provisions contained therein aie in Title 57 of said statutes.
The repeal of 4716 is that which relates to disloyalty. The repeal of 4722 is for the
reason that its provisions are contained iu paragraph 2 of section 4693 of this bill.
The repeal of section 4741 is for the reason that its provisions and additional recom-
mendations are contained in paragraph 4 of section 4693 in this bill. The repeal of
the acts approved June 17, 1878, and March 3, 1879, and June 16, J880, referred to in
section 13, is for the reason that all of their provisions with some recommendations
are contained in section 3 of this bill.
t.
h
48th Congress, ) SENATE. i Beport
let Seisian. i \ No. o60.
IS THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Hat 22, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Fair, from the Committee on Claims, snbmttted the following
REPORT;
[To accompany bill 8. 803.1
I%€ Committee on ClaimSj to whom was referred Senate biU No. 803, have
had the same under considerationj and beg leave to siibmit the following
report, viz:
A bill of similar import was referred to the Honse Committee on In-
dian Affairs in the first session of the Forty-seventh Congress, and
favorably reported from that committee.
Mr. Mason, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the following report,
to acoompaoy bill H. R. 1714.
The Ckfmmiilee on Indian Affairs, to whom was r^errsd the hill {H, B, 1714) for the relief of
Overton Love and Wyatt Qilschristf having had the same under consideration, submit the
following report :
The cases of Love and Gilschrist, both Chickasaw Indians, arise under article 14 of
the treaty of Jnne 22, 1855, made between the United States and the Chickasaw and
Choctaw Nations. Article 14 of that treaty reads as follows :
''The United Stat«*8 shall protect the Choctaws and Chickasaws from domestic strife,
from hostile incursion, and from aggression by other Indians and white persons not
subject to their jurisdiction and laws; and for all injuries resulting from such incur-
sion or aggression full indemnity is hereby guaranteed to the partvor parties injured
out of the Treasury of the United States, upon the same principle and acconling to
the same niles upon which white persons are entitled to indemnity for injurie8 or
aggressions upon them, committed by Indians.''
The evidence in the two cases was taken in accordance with the regulations of the
Interior Department under theprovisionsof section7of theactof May29, 1872, which
prescribes the duty of that Department in the examination and allowance of all such
cases.
Both the claims have been allowed by the Conmiissioner of Indian Affairs and the
Secretary of the Interior, as required by the act of 1872 ; the claim of Overton Love
having been allowed for $7,300, and the claim of Wyatt Gilschrist for $300.
The evidence in the case of Overton Love shows that Love is a Chickasaw Indian
and a citizen of Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory ; that a band of
Comanches raided, in February, 1867, through that portion of the Chickasaw Narion
in which Love resided, and stole horses from parties resident in that nation, and also
from parties resident in Cooke County, Texas, immediately adjacent to the Chickasaws ;
that Love lost by that raid ninety-nine head of horses, stolen by the Comanches.
The stock consisted of a number of valuable brood mares with accompanying colts ;
also H number of one, two, and three year old colts, and two valuable stallious, ag-
gregating in value, in the opinion of claimant and witnesses, $15,200.
The Indian agent for the Chickasaws and Choctaws and Comanches have exam-
ined and reported upon the claim to the Department. These reports are among the
reconls and papers transmitted to Congress by the Secretary of the Interior, and
agree with the evidence filed in the case, in showing that the loss was actual, and
occurred at the time stated ; that the witnesses were all reputable persona and credi-
2 OVEETON LOVE AND WYATT 6ILSCHHI8T.
ble ; tliat the claimant bad never recovered any of the stolen property, or been other-
wise compensated therefor ; bat recommend a redaction in the amount of indemnity
claimed for the reason that the Indians estimated their loss at a j^reenback valnation.
which was always higher among them than a gold valnation. The Department there-
fore h:ive reduced their allowance of indemnity to Love to ^,300.
In the case of WyattGilschrist the evidence shows that he is an Indian and a citi-
zen of Pototoo Coiinty, Chickasaw Nation ; and that in 6epteiii1>er, 1866, he had foar
head of horseH, valned ar. $4W, stolen from him by a raiding band of Comanches. That
the witnesses were reputable and credible persons ; that the claimant bad never re-
coven'.d any of the stolen property, or been compensated therefor, and that with a
redaction of the claim to $300 it sbonld be allowed.
The reports of the Indian agents in this case, as in that of Love\ confirm the loss
as actaal, and as having occurred at the time stated by the witnesses, and recommend
the allowance of indemnity to the amount of $300.
There are a large number of claims similar to this and of equal merit
now on file in the oltice of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. The
Government has never reco^ized its liability for these claims. It is
true that some of them have from time to time been paid by special
bills, but heretofore Congress has declined to adopt any general measure
looking to the payment of these claims. No good reason can be ^iven
why the claims of Love and Gilschrist should be selected for payment
out of a large number of similar claims. If these claimants ought to
be paid their claim other claimants equally meritorious should also be
paid. Until Congress takes up the whole matter and settles the course
it will pursue we cannot recommend the payment of any of these
claims.
Your committee therefore report back the bill and recommend that it
do not pass.
48th Congress, \ SENATE. i UEPcarr
Isf Session. | \ No. 570.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 2'i, 1884.— Ordered to be priuted.
Mr. Fair, from the Committee on Claims, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany bill S. 804.]
The Committee on Claims, to whom was referred the bill {8. 804) /or the
relief of William Bedao and others^ respectfully report as follows :
These claims arose oat of depredations committed by the Kiowa and
Oomanche Indians in the Stat« of Texas. The claimants are all citizens
of Texas, generally engaged in agriculture or stock-raising, quietly and
peaceably pursuing their avocations, having nothing to do with trade
or traffic with the Indians, and in no way connected with any disturb-
ance between whites and Indians there or elsewhere. They were all
citizens of the State of Texas, and while engaged in peaceful pursuits
were set upon by bands of Indians (who were supposed to be under the
restraint and control of the Government, on theijr reservations), their
stock stampeded and driven oft*, and other property destroyed or car-
ried away, and in many cases th^ir herders killed or wounded. They
have, as the evidence^ shows, at all times refrained from any violation
of law by taking the remedy into their own hands and giving blow for
blow, but have, in compliance with the laws which Congress has frokn
time to time passed for their protection and indemnity, made out their
claims, supported them by ample proof, both as to* quantity and value,
and have presented them to the officers designated by the Government
to examine into their justness and the truthfulness of their statements;
and those officers, after having sent the claims to the agents of the
different tribes. to be presented to the Indians for their statements in re-
gard to them, and after hearing the reports of those agents and making
a careful examination of the proofs oft'ered by the claimants, have allowed
them the various sums for payment of which the claimants now ask an
appropriation by Congress.
The laws under which these cases are payable are as follows :
By the act of Congress approved March 3, 1802 (4 U. S. Stat, at L.,
chap. 13, sec. 14, page 143), it is provided that —
If any Indian or Indians belonging to any tribe in amity with the United States
eball come over or cross the said boundary line (that is, the line of the reservation)
into any State or Territory inhabited by citizens of the United States, and there take,
steal, or destroy any borse or horses, or other property belonging to any citizen or in-
habitant of the United StiLtc^, or of eith^ of the territoriafdistricts of the United
States, and shall commit any murder, violence, or outrage upon any citizen or inhab-
itant, it shall be the duty of such citizen or inhabitant, his representative, attorney,
or agent, to make application to the superintendent, or such other person as the Presi-
dent of the United States shall authorize for that purpose, who, being duly furnished
with the necessarv documents and proofs, shall, under the direction or instruction of
the President of the United States, make application to the nation or tribe to which
2 WILLIAM BEDDO AND OTHERS.
«uch Indiau or Indians 8liall belong for RatiHfaction ; and if snch nation or tribe Khali
neglect or refnse to make satisfaction in a reasonable time, not exceeding twelve
months, then it shall be the duty of such superintendent, or other person authorized
^hs aforesaid, to make return of his doings to the President of the Uuit-ed States, and
forward to him all the documents and proofs in the case, that such further stejw may
betaken as shall be proper to obtain satisfaction for the injury, and, in the mean
time, in resiiect to the property so taken, stolen, or destroyed, the United States guar-
antee to the party injure<l an eventual iudeuinifieation : Provided^ aUraySt That if such
injured party, his representative, attorney, or agent, shall in any way violate any of
the provisions of this act by seeking or attempting to obtain private satisfaction or
revenge by crossing over the line on any of the Indian lands, he shall forfeit all claim •
upon the United States for such indemnitication : And provided aUo^ That nothing
contained herein shall prevent the legal apprehension or arresting within the limits of
any State or district of^ any Indian having so offended : And provided furthtr, That it
should be lawful for the President of the United States t^i deduct such sum or smnsas
shall be paid for the property taken, stolen, or destroyed by any snch Indian, out of
the annual ntipend which the United States are bound to pay the tribe to which snch
Indian shall belong.
From the approval of this act down to 1834 it was the custom of the
Goverument to x>ay for property so taken or destroyed by the Indians
out of their annuities. On June 30, 1834, this law was re-enacted, witb
the furtlier provision that "if no annuity is payable to such tribe or
nation, then the amount of the claim shall be paid from the Treasury
of the United States.^ (See 4 U. S. Stat, at L., chap. 161, sec. 17.)
By the act of February 28, 1859, the latter clause of this act was re-
pealed, leaving the payment to be made out of their annuities. (See 11
U. S. Stat, at L., page 401, see. 8.)
The act of Julv 16, 1870 (16 U. S. Stat, at L., page 360), provides
that—
No part of the moneys which may be appropriated for the current and contingent
expenses incurred in Indian affairs to pay annuities due to, or to be used and ex-
pended for the care and benefit of, any trii>e or trioes of Indians, shall be applied to
the payment of any claim for depredations that may have been or may be couunitt^^
by such tribes or tribe, or any member or members thereof. No claims for IndiU'i*
depredations shall be paid until Congress shall make 8i»ecial appix>priation therefor^
Previous to the passage of this act claims of this character were pai*^
out of the general Indian fund.
By the seventh section of the act of Congress making appropriation^^
for the Indian Department, approved May 1^9, 1872, it was enacted :
That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Interior to prepare and cause to b^^
published such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or proper, prescrib ^
ing the manner of presenting claims arising under existing laws or treaty stipulation^^
for compensation for depredations committed by the Indians, and the degree au<
charaiter of the evidence necessary to support such claims. He shall carefully in-
vestigate all snch claims as may be presented, subject to the rules and regulations
prepared by him, and report to Congress, at each session thereof, the nature, char^^
acter, and amount of such claims, whether allowed by him or not, and theevidenccf?^
upon which his action was based : Provided, That no payment on account of said clain**^
shall me made without a specific appropriation by Congress.
In compliance with the rules and regulations established by the Sec-
retary of the Interior under this law, these cases have heen investigated^
and the action of the Department in ea<;h case communicated to Con-
gress, and all the papers in each of the several cases included in tb&
bill are now in the hands of your committee.
CASE OF WILLIAM BEDDO.
The evidence in the case of William Beddo shows that he is a citizen
of the county of Coleman, in the State of Texiis ; that the claimant had
a herd of one thousand and twenty head of beef cattle and flfty-flve
WILLIAM BEDDO AND OTHERS. 3
AmericaD horses herded at what is koown as " Elm Pens," in Coleman
County, State of Texas; that on the Ist of June, 1871, at about 11
o^clock in the forenoon, about two hundred Comanche and Kiowa In-
dians charged the herd, when a fight ensued, in which two of the herd-
ers were killed and scalped, and the entire herd of one thousand and
twenty beeves and flftj-five horses were driven oflf by the Indians, none
of which were ever recovered". The evidence also shows that a portion
of this stock was afterward captured by the soldiers at Fort Bascom,
and killed and issued to the soldiers, but no part of it was paid for.
The value of this stock, in the opinion of the claimant, was $30 per
head for the beeves, and $100 each for the horses, making a total of
$36,100, but the officers of the Department have placed the value of the
beeves at $15 per head, and the horses at $60^ach, making a total of
$18,600, for which they recommend an allowance.
CASE OF L W. VAUGHN.
The claim of L. W. Vaughn is for $1,670, on account of depredations
committed by the Kiowa Indians July 9, 1870. The claim, as itemized,
is for the value of two horses, estim'ated at $85 each ; gold coin $23 ;
and blankets wOrth $77, and damages of a consequential character to
the amount of $1^,400, aggregating the sum of $1,670.
It appears from the evidence that the claimant was on his way to
Kansas, in company with others, with a drove of cattle; and that, at
a place known as Victoria Park, in Montague County, Texas, they were
attacked by Kiowa Indians, who killed two of the party, captured one,
and took from the claimant the property above named. It is claimed
by the claimant that in consequence of this depredation he could not
l3roceed with his drove, and was consequently compelled to sell his
^tdbk at a sacrifice of $1,400, and he claims indemnity for that amount,
as well as for the property actually taken.
The Department, after a full examination of the claim, has disallowed
the claim for $1,400 consequential damages, and has allowed the sum of
#247 for the property taken, the $23 of money being satisfactorily proven
to have been lost as alleged in said claim.
CASE OF R. VAUGHN.
■
The claim of R. Vaughn, of Palo Pinto County, Texas, is for depre-
dations committed by the Kiowa Indians on the 9th day of July, 1870,
at a place called Victoria, in Montague County, Texas. This claimant
was one of the party who were on their way to Kansas, in comuany with
li. W. Vaughn, when they were attacked, as stated in regard to that
claim, and the evidence shows that this claimant lost at that time five
American horses, valued at $75 each, and two Spanish horses, valued at
$60 each, and about $200 worth of other property. The claimant, how-
ever, as in the former case, claimed large consequential damages, aggre-
gating the sum of $2,295.
The Department has disallowed the claim for $1,600 consequential
damages, and allowed the sum of $695 for property actirally taken.
CASE OF J. H. BAKEB.
The claim of J. H. Baker is for $1,760, on account of depredations
alleged to have been committed by Kiowa Indians. This claimant is a
resident of Palo Pinto County, Te^^as, and claims indemnity for a Span-
•^ WILLUM BEDDO AND OTHERS.
f 8h bor^e, valued at $60, clothing and blankets, and injury done to work-
oxen, $108, gold stolen to the amount of $42, and consequential damages
to the amount of $1,500.
The circumstances under which this claim arose are as follows :
This claimant was one of a party who were attacked by the Indians
while on their way to Kansas with a drove of cattle. The evidence
shows that on the 9th day of July, 1870, when at a ])lace called Victo-
ria Park, in Montague County, Texas, a party of Kiowas, under Uie
chief Kicking Bird, attacked the party, stampeded their cattle, and
took one Spanish horse and one mule, and hamstrung one yoke of
oxen.
The Department deems the evidence sufficient to sustain the claim for
the horse and mule, and have allowed the sum of $110 for both, and
have disallowed all the other claims, $1,500 of which is for conseqnen-
tial damages, and the evidence not being satisfactory as to the loss of
gold, clothing, and blankets, &c,y the claim for the^e items is disal-
lowed.
CASE OF J. G. HALSELL.
The claim of J. G. Halsell is for $24,860, for the loss of fortynine
horses and fifteen hundred head of cattle taken from the claimant by
the Comanche and Kiowa Indians, as follows : Febrpary 7, 1872, fifteeu
American horses, valued, by the claim^int, at $140 each ; on September
17, 187;^, eleven American horses, valued, by the claimant, at $140 each;
October 8, 1873, four American horses, valued at $140 each ; October
26, 1873, ten American horses, valued at $140 each ; and same date,
fifteen hundred head of cattle, valued at $12 per head ; Nt)vember 2,
1873, five American horses, valued at $140 each, and on March 2, 1874,
four American horses, valued at $140 each, making a total of $24,860.
The evidence shows that this stock was taken fruni the ranch of the
claimant, in Clay County, in the State of Texas, at the times above
stated; that it was properly herded and cared for; that at the time the
cattle were taken the Indians stampeded and drove oflf the entire herd,
numbering twenty-five hundred, and at that time they took ten of the
horses and killed one of the herders; that the Indians were pursued,
and oiie thousand head of the cattle were recovered. The testimony
shows that the horses were of a superior kind, " American breed," and
that the cattle were what is known as *' mixed cattle."
The Department has reported that the evidence fully sustains the
claim, so far as the number of horses and cattle is concerned, but think
that the value placed on both is too high, and have allowed the claim-
ant $125 each for the horses, and $9 per head for the cattle, aggregat-
ing the sum of $19,625.
»
CASE OF JAMES MAETIN & BEOTHEES.
This claiui is for $3,160, for depredations alleged to have been com-
mitted by the Comanche Indians, in Llano County, Texa«, at five differ-
ent times, as follows :
The first, on the 20th of August, 1869, when the claimant was living
at Cedar Mountain, in said county ; the Comanches took from him fifteen
horses, valued at $75 each ; the second was in December, 1870, when
they took seven horses, valued at $65 each ; the third was in March, 1 871,
when they took one horse and killed another, valued at $45 each ; the
fourth was in July, 1871, when they took three horses, two of them valued
\
WILLIAM BEDDO AND <^THEB8. 5
at $55 each, and the other at $50 ; and the fifth was on the 20t1i of
July, 1872, when they took from him two good horses, worth $65 each.
The evidence in the case fally sustains the statements of the claimant
as io the actual loss, and the Department, believing him to be entitled
to pay for his loss, at a fair estimate, have recommended an allowance
of $1,900, estimating fifteen of the horses at $65 each, two at $55 each,
and one at $50, and disallowing the claim for consequential damages.
CASK OF E. O. FULLAE.
The evidence in the claim of E. C. Fullar shows that in the month of
November, 1873, the Comanche Indians stole from the premises of the
claimant, in Clay County, Texas, two Illinois mules (so called), valued
by the claimant at $250 each, and four American horses, valued at $175
each, aggregating $1,200.
It \s in proof that these horses and mules were fastened with lariats,
near the house of claimant, and were taken by these Indians on the
night of the 26th of November, 1873 ; that the stock was all brought
from the State of Illinois, and was first class ; that no part of it was
ever recovered, or in any manner paid for.
The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has reduced the claim from
$1,200 to $800, and recommends an allowance for that sum.
CASE OF JOHN HENSLEY.
The claim of John Hensley is for five American mules, sixteen
American horses, $1,000 ; for gattiering one thousand head of stock,
stampeded when the horses and mules were stolen, and $1,000 for loss
of crops in consequence of the horses being taken, which prevented
the caimant, who was a large farmer and stock-raiser on Carroll Creek,
Jack County, Texas, from carrying on his farm, aggregating $5,450.
The evidence in this case shows that the horses and mules were taken
by the Comanche Indians in August, 1873, and taken to the Fort Sill
Beservatiou ; that two of the horses were returned to the claimant by the
agent, through the influence of one of the chiefs, but the Indians re-
fused to surrender any more.
The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has reduced the price of the
stock to $150 each for the mules, and $100 each for the horses, and dis-
allowed the claim for gathering up the stock, and also for labor ex-
pended and loss of crops, and allowed the sum of $2,350.
CASE OF WILLIAM M. HARDIN.
The claim of William M. Hardin is for $2,885, on account of depreda-
tions committed by the Comanche Indians, $1,500 of which is for con-
sequential damages, resulting, in the opinion of the claimant, from the
actual loss of his property.
The evidence presented to the Indian Department shows that in the
months of March and June, 1866, while the claimant was residing at
Saline, in the county of Kimble, in the State of Texas, a party of
Comanche Indians took from him five horses, one of them valued at $80,
anoUier at $75, and three others valued at $50 each.
The claimant alleges that the Indians annoyed him to such an extent
at that place that he left that part of the country and settled in Llano
County, in the same State ; that oi> or about the 15th of October, 1871,
a party of Comanches took from him two horses of the value of $65 each,
6 WILLIAM BEDDO AND OTHERS.
«
three horses, valued at $50 each, and eleven young horses, valued at
$35 each, and that on the 5th of August, 1872, they again took two
horses, worth $75 each, and one worth $125, d,nd another worth $60.
The evidence submitted to the Department fully sustains the state-
ment of the claimant as to the stock taken, and the officers of the
Department certify that they believe the estimates to be fair, and recom-
mend that the claimant be allowed the sum of $1,385, and disallow the
claim for consequential damages.
CASE OF A. J. HENSON.
The claim of A. J. Henson, of the county of Jack, in the State of
Texas, is for the value often horses, at $125 each, making the sum of
$1,250.
The evidence in this case shows that four of the horses were taken
from this claimant, in his own county, on the 10th of August, 1873. and
the others from the adjoining county of Clay on the Ist of November,
1873, and that all of them were taken by the Comanche Indians.
The evidence also shows that the Indians admitted to the agent that
they took the property, but refused to return it or to give the claimant
any ^tisfaction.
The proof of the value of the animals fully sustains the claim of the
claimant, and the Department has recommended an allowance of the
full amount of the claim, viz, $1,250.
CASE OF C. W. COOPER.
The claim of C. W. Cooper is for $7,690, growing out of the stealig^
and carrj ing away of twenty-one horses and mules, of the value of $1^^
each, by the Comanche Indians, from the premises of the claimant, ^
the year 1873, w hile he was residing riear the town of Jacksborough, t ■.
Jack County, Texas. Claimant also alleges that the Indians stampedj^ ^
four thousand head of cattle, which cost him $1 per head to recover,
also claims $540 for additional labor, board of hands, &c. It appeal
from the evidence, that the Indians were pursued by the claimant an^
others, but without success. Subsequently, on visiting Fort Sill, he foun^
three of his horses in possession of the agent of the Kiowas and Ccs^^^
manches ; these were delivered up to him, but so badly used that the:
w ere not worth half as much as when taken by the Indians. The claii
ant learned while there that the remainder of his stock was in th«
possession of the Indians, but none of it was ever recovered.
Under these circumstances, the Department has deemed it right
allow the claimant $125 each for the animals, making the sum o^^
$2,250, and have disallowed the entire claim for consequential damages^^
THE CASE OF DANIEL E. MOOBE.
This claim is for $66,085 on account of depredations alleged to have
been committed by the Comanche Indians, $62,000 of whicp is for con-
sequential damages. The actual damage is for liftyone horses and other
property stolen by the Indians, as appears by the evidence, at different
periods and under the following circumstances :
On the Ist of October, 1872, while the claimant was residing at a place
known as Legion Valley, Clauo Lounty, in the State of Texas, a party ot
Comanches took from him one fine stallion and one race mare, valued at
. WILLIAM BEDDO AND OTHERS. 7
$200 each, twelve broml mares, valued at $75 each ; that he subsequently
removed to Gillespie Couuty,ou Willow Creek, when, on or about the 8th
of July, 1873, another party of Comanche Indians took from him two
stallions, worth $200 each; two mares, worth together $190, and thirty-
three brood-mares with fotl, valued at $65 each; that on the 20th of
February, 1871, while on his way from Fredericksburg, in company with
others, where they had all been for supplies, they were attacked by the
Comanches, who killed one of his companions and wounded him so
severely that he is crippled for life ; that they took his team and the
valuables from his wagon. The evidence clearly establishes the losses
and the wounds inflicted on the claimant.
The officers of the Department have disallowed the entire claim for
consequential damages, and damages for injuries to the person of the
claimant, and have allowed the claim for actual losses, estimating the
three stallions and the superior mares at $125 each, and the forty-five
brood mares at $50 each, making the sum of $3,000, in which allowance
your committee concur.
CASE OF HENEY'a. WHALEY.
The claim of Henry A. Whaley, of Clay County, Texas, is for $2,300,
on account of depredations alleged to have been committed by a band
of Kiowa and Comanche Indians in the taking from the claimant's farm,
known as the "Whaley ranch,'' in Clay County, in the State of Texas,
ten head of horses and nine head of mules. The horses are valued by
the claimant at $106 each, and the mules at $140 each.
The evidence snbmitted is regarded by the Department as sufficient
to establish the claim as to the number of animals, but not as to the
value as estimated by the claimant. The Department has deemed $60
^ach for the horses and $100 each for the mules a fair estimate, from
the evidence, and has therefore estimated them upon that basis and al-
lowed the claimant the sum of $1,500.
CASE OF JAMES P. LINDSEY.
The claim of James P. Lindsey is for $6,150, on account of depreda-
tions alleged to have been committed by Comanche Indians, under the
following circumstances :
The claimant was the owner of a ranch in Jack County, Texas, where
he kept a lot of horses, cattle, and calves. On the Ist day of October,
1873, a band of Comanche Indians attacked the ranch and took the
liorses, and turned the calves loose, and in consequence they were lost,
and the cattle they stampeded. The number of horses lost is stated to
be twenty-one, and they are estimated by the claimant at $150 each.
The number of cattle is stated to be five hundred unmarked and un-
branded calves, turned loose and lost, and five hundred beef cattle, under
herders, stampeded; on account of which the claimant claims $1 per
head for gathering in.
The Department considers the evidence as to the loss of the horses
satisfactory, but considers the value placed on them too high and has
estimated the twenty-one horses at $125 each, and has allow^ the claim
for the full number of horses at that rate, making the sum of $2,625,
and disallowed the balance of the claim.
It appears irom the papers transmitted to Congress in these cases
that they have each and all been referred to the agent of the tribes
8
WILLIAM BEDDO AND OTHERS.
charged with the depredations, and that through the agent they have
been submitted to the Indians in council and otherwise fdlly investi-
gated by him, and his doings reported to the Department.
As stated in your committee's report upon the claim of Overton and
Love, there are a large number of these claims, equally meritorious, oa
file in the office of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. ]!^o good reason
can be given for paying the claims under consideration without pay-
ing them all. This committee cannot recommend the passage of such
claims until Congress adopts some general policy of dealing with all
these claims.
Your committee therefore report back the bill and reommend that it
do not pass.
I
48th Congress, > SENATE. i Report
l8t Session. f ( No. 571.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 22, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Hr. OuLLOM, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany bills S. 1683 and H. R. 5443.]
The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred the bills (S. 1683
and H. B.5443) for the relief of Newton C. Ridenour, second lieutenant,
Company F, Twenty-third Iowa Volunteer Infantry, report favorably,
and submit the following statement of the Invalid Pension Committee
in regard to said bill in the House of Representatives, Forty-seventh
Congress, and make it the report of this committee :
Newton C. Ridenour, late second lieutenant, Company F, Twenty-third Iowa Vol-
unteer Infantry, was granted a pension July 26, 1880, at the rate of $3 per month, the
certificate being number 164978. Prior to and until June 29, 1863, said Ridenour was
serving with his regiment in the field in the campaign against Vicksburg as an orderly
sergeant. On June 29, 1863, was commissioned second lieutenant, for which place he
was recommended early in June, said commission being dated June 29, 1863.
About the 5th day of July, 1863, by order of the officer commanding the rei^iment,
said Ridenour took command of Company F, and continued in command until Octo-
ber 5, 1864, when he was assigned to staff duty. Said Ridenour was discharged as an
enlisted man as of the date of June 29, liS63, and he was accepted and mustered in as
second lieutenant, to take efi'ect Julv 1, 1863. Immediately after the surrender of
Vicksburg said Ridenour, in charge of said company, in July, 1863, marched from said
city to Jackson, Miss. During said march said claimant was attacked with varicocele,
and was at times rendered thereby unable to march, and was compelled to resort to
the ambulance. When he entered' the service he was a strong, healthy man. Previ-
ously to said month of July. 1863, or in the latter part of June of that year, the peti-
tioner was somewhat unwell, although the precise nature of his ailment is unknown,
and he was not then aware that it was the varicocele, for which he was afterwards
pensioned. It is not certain that said disease had its inception before July, 1863. But
if that was the fact, it is apparent and uncontradicted that the principal development,
growth, and establishment of the disease occurred after the commencement of the
march from Vicksburg to Jackson. It is shown by medical evidence that the disabil-
ity of said Ridenour is permanent and incurable, and that such disability incapaci-
tates said Ridenour from performing manual labor.
In consideration of the facts stated above, this committee recommend
the passage of the House bill, and that the Senate bill be indefinitely
postponed.
i
Is
48th Congress, ) SENATE. j Ebport
lit Session. J \ No. 672.
nr THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 23, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Makdebson-, from the Committee on Claims, sabmitted the fol-
lowing
REPORT:
FTo accompany bills S. 870 and 2250.]
The Committee on Claims j to whom was referred the bill {8. 870) /or the
relief of B* O. Combs and others^ have examined the same^ and beg leave
to rqtprt:
That in the year 1876 the United States entered into a contract witk
the Oregon Iron Works for the construction, at Albina, Oreg., of the»
United States revenue cutter called Thomas Coravin, for the considera-
tion of $92,000, but before the completion of said cutter the said Oregoik
Iron Workis failed and work on the cutter was suspended, whereupon,
the United States took possession of this vessel, removed it to Saoi
Francisco, and completed it at a cost of $10,150.77, leaving a net bal-
ance of the original contract price of $8,249.23, which was covered into
the Treasury and carried to the surplus fund at the close of the fiscal *"
year ending June 30, 1877.
An inquiry was made into the facts connected with the construction
of the revenue cutter and the litigation connected therewith by J. F.
Evans, special agent of the Treasury Department, from whose report to
the Secretary of the Treasury, dateid February 27, 1878, your commit-
tee extract the following :
In 1876, in response to advertisement for proposals for the bnilding of tbe vessel,
tbe Government received tliree bids — tbe first for $112,500; second, $103,000 ; and
third, frum the Oregon Iron Works, for $92,000, to whom the contract was awarded,
on ffiving bonds for $50,000. *
The Department agreed to advance the funds in five different payments of $18,400,
each payment at certain stages of the work. Four payments were made, leaving one
payment of $18,400 remaining.
Before the completion of the work the Oregon Iron Works failed, work was sus-
pended, and certain materials furnished for the vessel weie included in the assets of
the company, which was fojced into bankruptcy. The vessel escaped through the
litigation which followed.
November 13, 1876. Messrs. Goldsmith & Lowenberg brought suit in the State court
against the Corwin for $1,738.35 for labor and materials furnished at f%^ request of
the Oregon Iron Works. The vessel was released under stipulations of the Depart-
ment en tered into pursuant to sections 3753, 3754 Revised Statutes. The court decided
that the plaintiff had a lien upon the vessel, but, owing to possession by the United
States, the lien could not be enforced, and the case is now pending on appeal to the
supreme court of Oregon, on the point that the Government did not plead its personal
privilege of exemption of its property from attachment under process of law.
Another suit was brought in the United States court by Coffin A Hendry, San Fran-
cisco, for material fumisned in rigging the vessel, $3,659.20.
The court decided (1) that the United States did not become owner until final com-
pletion and delivery after trial trip ; (2) that the contractor was in possession dur-
I
B. 6. COMBS AND OTHERS.
onstruotion, aud the vesael was not exempt from lien ; (3) that the oontractot
ig failed, the United States coald take the vessel only by exercise of its optioii
lish the vessel, and then only as the acent of the contractor.
Lecree was entered for Coffin & Hendry, and the United States appealed, ht^
wa8 subsequently withdrawn on motion of Coffin & Hendry, who explained tho'^
Q, not because of fear of defeat or reversal of the decission of the court belo^^i
tecanse assured that they would recover sooner by withdrawing the suit,
iding the appeal the vessel was released upon the United States giving bond,
out January 1, 1877, the cutter Rush removed the Cor win to the middle of tt^^
, where the assi^ee of the Oregon Iron Works obtained temporary injunction-
ist Captain White to prevent her removal, which was dissolved, and the vessr
)eded to Astoria, where Steffin (subcontractor) attempted to seize her on his clai]
^,000, but failed, and she proceeded to San Francisco, where she was oomplel
cost, it i« said, of about $11,000.
ere is but one opinion at Portland among the lawyers for either side, including
listrict attorney, that the decision of the lower court would have been affirmed
e 'United States circuit court had not Coffin & Hendry withdrawn their suit, am
these claims, or a portion of them, are a lien upon the vessel, and that the least-
k)vernment can do is to pay the difference between the contract price and the
>f completion.
s to be remembered that, owing to the distinct condition of the contract, the
r was not to be accepted until after completion and a trial trip. The title did
est in the Government, aud possession could not have been obtained bnt by the
tise of privileges and technicalities of law of which private citizens could not
availed themselves.
B Corwin is really a valuable vessel, finely finished, and her probable value is in
IS of her cost.
Q claims, so far as prosecuted in the courts, have been maintained, an& many of
I submitted in the accompanying statement are, no doubt, equitably due. Those
bor, skill, and material are notably so — these having actuallv gone into the con-
tion of the vessel. They are mostly due to poor men, who ^1 the loss keenly,
t is hardly to be supposed that the Government desires to avail itself of any
licality to evade payment to these her citizens. ^
lere appears to be no legal obligation upon the Gk>verninent to pay
claims brought against this vessel, and it is peculiarly a matter of
native discretion whether, upon the equities of the claims, the relief
lid be granted for which application is made,
our comiAittee, therefore, considering the claims in this light, have
led, and do herewith recommend, that the claim of laborers and
Brial men as enumerated in the bill {S. 870) be settled at the nni-
{ rate of 50 i>er cent., which seems just and equitable to all con-
ed.
> this end the Committee on Claims recommend that the bill (S.
be indefinitely postponed, and that another bill, herewith reported,
^h has been prepared in accordance with the views and report of
committee, do pass.
!\
^
i^
-^#31-
48th Conoeess, > SENATE. i Rbport
Ut Session. f ) Ko. 573.
EST THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Mat 23, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Mandebson, from the Committee on Claims, submitted the fol-
lowing
REPORT:
[To accompany bills 1302 and 2250.]
The Committee on Claims j to whom was referred the bill {8, 1302) for the
relief of the First National Bank of Portland^ Oreg., have examined the
same, and beg leave to report :
That in the year 1876 the United States entered into a contract with
the Oregon Iron Works, a corporation under the laws of the Stat€ of
Oregon, for the construction at Albina, Oreg., by the said Oregon Iron
Works, of the United States revenue cutter called "Thomas Corwin,"
for the consideration of $92,000 to be paid by the United States. The
First National Bank of Portland, Oregon, advanced money for the con-
struction of said revenue cutter to the said Oregon Iron Works, and
held as security for such advances a hypothecation of the payments to
be made by the Iftnited States to the contractor ; but before the com-
pletion of said cutter the said Oregon Iron Works failed and work on
the cutter was suspended. At tl^ time of this failure the bank had al-
ready advanced, upon the security of the hypothecation of the last pay-
ment to be made to the contractor, the sum of $18,399.96, which money
went into the construction of said vessel in the form of labor and ma-
terial. The United States took possession of the vessel at this junc-
ture, and the vessel proceeded to San Francisco, where she was com-
pleted by the United States, at a cost of $10,150.77, leaving a net bal-
ance of the original contract price of $8,249.23, which was covered into
the Treasury, in accordance with section 3691, United States Revised
Statutes, and carried to the surplus fund at the close of the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1877.
Suit having been brousrht in the United States court by Coffin and
Hendry, San Francisco, for material furnished in rigging the vessel, the
court decided (1) that the United States did not become owner until
final completion and delivery after trial-trip ; (2) that the contractor
was in possession during construction, and the vessel was not exempt
from lien ; (3) That the contractor having failed, the United States
could take vessel only by the exercise of its option to finish the ves-
sel ; and then only as the agent of the contractor. A decree was en-
tered for Coffin and Hendry, and the United States appealed, but suit
was subsequently withdrawn on motion of the plaintifi's, because as-
sured that they would recover sooner by withdrawing. Pending this
appeal the vessel was released apon the United States giving bond.
The title did not rest in the Government, and possession could not have
2 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF PORTLAND, OREO.
been obtained but by the exercise of privileges and technicalities of law
of which private citizens could not have availed themselves.
Your committee, therefore, having considered this case in the light
of equity, recommend that there be paid to the First National Bank of
Portland, Oreg., on account of the moneys advanced by said bank, the
sum of $8,249.23, which is the amount of the unpaid balance of the con-
tract price for the construction of said revenue cutter, after deducting
the cost to the United States of completing the same.
In accordance with the recommendation of this report and the views
of this committee upon the subject, they have prepared a bill *^for the
relief of the First National Bank of Portland, Oreg., R. G. Combs,
and others," which they submit with this report and recommend that
it do pass. And they do further recommend that the bill (S. 1302) be
indefinitely postponed.
O
k
48th Congress, ) SENATE. i Rbpoet
l8t Session. ) \ No. 574.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 23, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Pike, from the Committee on the District of Columbia, submitted
the following
REPORT:
[To accompany bill H. R. 2858.]
The Committee on the District of Columbia^ to whom was referred the bill
{JET. R. 2868) /or the relief of John Connolly^ having considered the same^
make the following report :
The Committee of the House of Eepresentatives on the District of
Columbia, made the following report upon this bill:
Similar bills were introduced and favorably reported to the Forty-sixth Congress
and also to the Forty-seventh Congress, but were not acted upon.
The facts of the case appear to be as follows :
It appears from record evidence taken from the files of the supreme court of the
District of Columbia that one James Barwood, a British subiect by birth, but for
many years a naturalized citizen of the United States, domiciled in the District of
Columbia, died in said District on the 28th day of March, 1876, seized and possessed
of divers lots and parcels of land in the city of Washington, D. C, and leaving no heirs
of inheritable blood. John Connolly was duly appointed by the supreme court of the
District of Columbia administrator of the estate of the deceased Barwood, and when
general taxes for the years 1877 and 1878 were assessed by the District of Columbia
against Barwood's real estate, the administrator paid them, the aggregate amount
being |91.80. Certain creditors of the deceased Barwood having filed their bill in
equity in the supreme court of the District of Columbia, to subject the said realty of
the deceased to the payment of his debts (his personal property being insufficient to
pay all claims), that court, on the 9th day of July, 1878, decreed that the title to the
realty became vested by escheat in the United States upon the death of said Barwood
on the 28th of March, 1876, subject, however, to the payment of all just claims against
Barwood, and all liens against the property subsisting at the time of Barwood's death.
As, however, the general taxes for the years 1877 and 1878 were not assessed against
the property until after Barwood's death and until after his title to the property had
vested m the United States (when of course the property was not liable to taxation),
to permit Connolly to reimburse himself for this erroneous payment of tax out of the
proceeds of the sale of the realty, which sale was made by trustees under the direc-
tion of the court (the net balance of proceeds, after pajying all lawful demands, being
Said over to the United States), the Commissioners of the District of Columbia now
eoline to refund the taxes so erroneously paid on property which was not taxable.
Your committee are of the opinion that tne said taxes, amounting to $91.50, should
be refunded, and report back the bill with a recommendation that it do pass.
Your committee find that this report contains a correct statement of
the factSy and they adopt the same. The committee therefore recom-
mend that the bill pass.
O
4Sth Congress, ) SENATE. 4 Bepobt
Ist Session. i \ No. 575.
IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.
May 26^ 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Vest, firom the Gommittee on Territories^ submitted the following^
REPORT:
[To accompany bill H. R. 6074.]
The Committee on TerritorieSj to whom was referred the bill {H. M. 6074>
entitled ^^ An act to change the ea^stern and northern judicial districts
of the State of Texas^ and to atta^ih apart of the Indian Territory to
said districts^ amdfor other purposesj^ beg leave to submit thefolUnoing
report :
The bill provides in its first section that the counties of Lamar, Fan-
nin, and Delta, in the State of Texas, shall be detached from the
northern judicial district of tiiat State, and be attached to the east-
em judicial district ; and the second section provides that part of the
Indian Territory included within the counties of Towson, Bed Eiver,
Cedar, Wade, Neshoba, Eagle, and Boktulo, comprisiug the second ju-
dicial district of the Ohoctaw Nation, aud the county of Kiamitia in said
nation, be attached for judicial purposes to the eastern judicial district
of Texas.
The third section provides that the counties of Lamar, Fannin, Bed
Biver, and Delta, of the State of Texas, and all that part of the Choc-
taw Nation attached to the eastern judicial district of Texas, by the
bill, shall constitute a division of said district, and that terms of the cir-
cuit and district courts of the United States lor the eastern district of
Texas shall be held twice each year in the town of Paris, Lamar County^
Texas., said courts to have exclusive original jurisdiction of all offenses
committed against the laws of the United States within that part of the
Choctaw Nation attached by the bill to the eastern judicial district of
Texas.
The sixth sectiou of the bill attaches that part of the Indian Territory
occupied by the Chickasaw Nation and the counties of Gains and To-
bucky, in the first judicial district, and the counties of Blue^ Atoka, and
Jack's Forks, of the third judicial district of the Choctaw Nation, to the
northern judicial district of Texas for judicial purposes ; and the seventh
section provides that those parts of the Indian Territory with the coun-
ties of Grayson, Montague, aud Cooke, in the State of Texas, shall con-
stitute a division of the northern judicial district of Texas. Terms of
the circuit and district courts of the United States are to be held twice
each year in Deuison, Grayson County, Texas, and said courts are to
exercise exclusive original jurisdiction of all offenses against the laws of
the Unite<l States committed within the portions of the Indian Territory
attached to said northern judicial district of Texas as before stated.
Z EASTERN AND NORTHERN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS OF TEXAS
The anomalous comlition of the Five Civilized Tribes of ludiaDS liv-
ing in the Indian Tenitory. their rapid advance towards civilization,
the treaty stipulations between them and the United States, and the
eamestdcBireof all just and humane minds that this advance should
not be retarded, or the spirit of these treaties violated, give to the bill
before us the greatest importance and interest.
In 1866, at the clo^e of the war, the Creeks, Cherokee^, Choctaws,
and Chickasaws, havirg joined the Confederate States during hostihties,
were compelled to make new treaties with the United States, in each of
which will be found provisions for the administration of justice within
the Indian Territory, in such manner as the United States might de-
termine. The form of expression varies in the difterent treaties, it be-
ing expressly provided in the treaty with the Cherokees for the estab-
lishing a United :States cour% whilst in the other treaties it is provided
that the United States may enact such laws as may be necessary to se-
cure the administration of justice and the i)rotection of life and prop-
erty within the Territory; but the intent is manifest throughout all the
treaties, and has never been questioned, except from interested or sin-
ister motives, that the Unite«l States should have the right to determine
ux)on the manner of administering justice within the Indian Territory,
and the means ol attaining that end.
So clearly was this understood by all parties, and especially by the
Indians, that when a committee of the Senate visited the Indian terri-
torj^ a few years after the war, to examine into their condition, and as-
certain their wishes upon questions aHecting their welfare, the testi-
mony was unvarying and unbroken that they wished lor the establish-
ment of a Uniti d States court within the Territory according to the •
treaties of 1866.
The object of the bill before us is to confer criminal jurisdiction over
parts of the Indian Tenitory upon United States courts in Texas, and
we are not without experience as to similar legislation.
In 1875 Congress gave to the United States district court, for the we3^
em district of Arkansas, criminal jurisdiction over all of the Indian T^J'
ritory, and the result has not been such as to invite other experiments ^^
the same direction. ^^^
It appears from the report of the Attorney-General that the expen*^^
of the United States courts for the western district of Arkansas, for isr^'
were $156,943.20, nearly $50,000 more than the amounts expended ^ .
any other district in the United States ; and the same report shows th^^
in the eastern district of Arkansas, for the same year, the judicial e:^^
penses were only $48,075.67.
We are aware that one argument for the bill before us is, that the di^^
tance which must be traveled to reach the Texas courts from the part^^
of the Indian Territory over which their jurisdiction is to be extend
will be less than in attending the court at Fort Smith, Ark. ; but thi
is not satisfactory, for the reason that the argument is, at best, onl
comparative, the fact still remaining that persons arrested must be cajr^
ried long distances to either Paris or Denison, and always with the ex —
pense of guards and increased opportunities for escape.
The question of expense, however, is not the only one involved-^
There is another far more important consideration. The civilized tribe^
in the Indian Territory, whose interests are affected by this biU, ar^
comparatively advancea in civilization, having legislatures, churches^
and schools as have white communities. They are fast learning the firsts
great lesson of civilization-f— selfsui)port and self-reliance. Our purpose
should be to encourage them in this direction by teaching them in every
EASTERN AND NORTHERN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS OF TEXAS. 3
way possible our laws, language, and modes of living. What oould
possibly oonduce more to this than the establishing in their midst a
United States court, the proceedings of which should be conducted in
the English language, and in which they could be jurors, witnesses,
and even officers t
So long as we treat the Indian as a dependent, helpless being, fit only
to be us^ for the purpose of plunder and greed, we may expect the re-
sult which has attended our Indian policy for the last hundred years.
Instead of dragging them off to other States to be tried by juries
made up of strangers, instead of impressing them with the idea that
they are fit only for the punishment of the law, and not its administra-
tion, let us rather seek to learn them the self-respect which comes to
freemen as both makers and administrators of the laws.
Impressed with these convictions, the committee have already re-
ported to the Senate a bill (S. 209) establishing a United States court
in the Indian Territory, with exclusive civil and criminal jurisdiction,
and recommended its passage.
As the bill referred to the committee (H. E. 6074) conflicts in all its
provisions with Senate bill 20i), we report the former back to l^e Senate
with the recommendation that it be indefinitely postponed.
48th Congress, ) SENATE. « Eepobt
l8t Session. ) \ No. 576»
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 26, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Vest, from the Committee ou Territories, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany bill H. R. 1565.]
The Committee on Territories^ to whom was referred the bill {H. R. 1565)
to authorize the appointment of a commission by the President of the
United States to run and mark the boundary lines between a portion of
the Indian Territory and the State of Texa^^ in connection with a similar
commission to be appointed by the State of Texas^ having considered the
samCj respectfully report :
That by the provisions of the treaty between the United States and
Spain, executed February 22, 1819, the boundary line between the two
countries west of the Mississippi River was fixed as follows:
Beginning od the Gnlf of Mexico at the mouth of the Sabine River, in the sea, and
continuing north along the western bank of that river to the thirty-second decree of
latitude ; thence by a Hne due north to the degree of latitude where it strikes tne Rio
Roxo of Nachitoches or Red River ; thence following the course of the Rio Rox6 west-
ward to the one hundredth degree of longitude west from London and the twenty-
third fit)m Washington ; thence crossing the said Red River and running thence by a
line due north to the river Arkansas ; thence following the course of the southern bank
of the Arkansas to its source, in latitude forty-two degrees north ; and thence by that
parallel of latitude to the South Sea ; the whole being as laid down in Melish's map
of the United States published at Philadelphia, improved to the first of January,
eighteen hundred and eighteen.
Article 2 of the treaty between the United States and Mexico of date
January 12, 1828, fixed the same boundary line between thetwoEepub-
lics, and the boundary line of Texas when admitted into the Union, De-
cember 27, 1845, was the same as above indicated.
For more than a quarter of a century it has been contended by the
State of Texas that the boundary line between a portion of the Indian
Territory and that State is what is now known as the North Fork of
Bed Eiver up to the degrees of longitude 100 west from London and 23
west from Washington. It is claimed by the United States that what
is now known as the South Fork of Red River is the boundary. The ter-
ritory lying between these two streams is that in dispute. It is known
in Texas as Greer County, and so designated on the maps of that
State. If the North Fork be the boundary, this tract of country is a
part of Texas; if the South Fork be the boundary, it is a part of the
Indian Territory. In extent it is approximately 2,400 square miles.
The necessity for legislation on this subject grows out of the different
constructions placed upon the treaties between the United States and
Spain and the United States and Mexico, above referred to.
It seems to the committee that the bill which we report meets the
necessities of the case fairly, and we recommend its adoption as a sub-
stitute for the bill H. R. 1565.
48th Congress, ) SENATE. ( Report
Ist Session, J \ No. 577.
REPORT
OF TlIK
COMMITTEE ON POST-OFFICES AND PflST-RflADS,
UNITED STATES SENATE,
ON
POSTAL TELEGRAPH
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1884.
48th congress, ) SENATE. ( Report
1 St tScssioH, i \ No. 577.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
May 27, 18S4.--Or<leitMl to be priiit*^!!.
Mr. Hill, from the Committee on Post-Offices ami Post-Roads, sub-
mitted the following
REPORT:
[To accompany the bill S. 2022.1
The Committee on Post- Offices and Post-Roads^ to which were referred Sen-
ate bills No. 17, *'to provide for the establishment of a postal telegraph
system^^ No. 227, " to establish a system of postal telegraph in the United
States,^ and No. 1016, " to provide for the transmission of correspond-
ence by telegraph ;" and which was also instrnctedby the Senate to inquire
" whether the cost of telegraphic correspondence beticeen the several States
and Territories of the United States or with foreign count rjes lias been
injuriously affected by large stock dividends made by the Western Union
Telegraph Company^ by consolidation between different telegraphic com-
panies^ by tcoriing controls with cable companies^ by leasing of connect-
ing or ccmpeting lines, or by other means,^ has considered the same, and
submits the following report^ together with an accompanying bill (S. 2022) :
The committee has heard fully such statements as the representatives
of the Western Union, Baltimore and Ohio, Bjinkers and Merchants',
and Postal Telepjraph Companies have desired to make. It has also
examined witnesses not connected with those companies, and has re-
ceived several written communications. These statements and written
communications are herewith submitted.
In respect to the instructions given by the Senate to the committee
to inquire whether the cost ot telegraphic corresj)ondence has been raised
by the stock dividends of the Western Union (Company, and by its va-
rious consolidations with and leases of other telegraph property, the
committee believes that it can best comply with them by giving a sum-
mary history of the increase of the debts, rentals, and stock capital of
the Western Union Company, and such information as is obtainable as
to the actual value of the tangible, property which it holds, either by
direct ownership or by lease.
At the ])resent time its stock capital is $80,000,000, its bonded and
other debt is $0,224,170, bearing an annual interest of $4n0,911, and the
annual rentals which it has assumed obligations to pay for leased lines
in this country are $528,000, which obligations to pay rent, capitalized
on the basis of an annual interest of 6 per cent., are equal to a debt of
$8,800,000. Its total share, debt, and rental capital is, therefore,
$95,024,176, and as the dividends upon the stock part of it are at the
rate of 7 per cent, per annum, the net profits required to be derived from
its business, in order to pay the annual charges upon this capital, is
$6,694,911.
4 POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
It is also under obligations to pay annual rentals of $700,000 for At-
lantic cables, and of $301,0<W) for Cuban cables, and for the Gold and
Stock Company, beinga total of $1,<KU, 000, which, if capitalized :it6per
cent, interest, is equal to a debt of $lG,GtS3,000. But if this leased ]»r()p-
erty as a whole yields an income equal to the rentals paid for it, it wUl
not be necessary for the Western Union Company to impose a tax uiwn
the internal telegraphic business of the country in order to make good
a deficiency. How much income it yields does not clearly appear.
In respect to the stock capital of the Western Union Company,
amounting to $80,000,0(Mj, nearly the whole of it has arisen from stock
dividends and from purchases made of the lines of other companies,
which were paid for by issues of stock. In 1803 its stock capital was
only $3,000,000, and even of that amount, small as it seems in compari-
son with the ])resent stock capital of $80,000,000, it is quite <;ertain that
at least five-sixths consisted of what is known in stock manipulations
as water. The original line of the Western Union was from New York
to Ijouisville, via Buffalo, Cleveland, and Cincinnati, and was con-
structed at a cost of about $150,000. It early acquired, by purchase at
verj' low rates, the property of embarrassed Western telegraph compa-
nies, owning lines from Buflhlo to Milwaukee, and from Cleveland to
Cincinnati, and built a line from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia, but even
then, its actual cash investment is affirmed by those who have carefully
investigated the subject not to have exceeded $300,(H)0.
In 1863 the stock proi)erty of $3,000,000 was doubled by a stock divi-
dend, and during 1803 and 1804 $5,0<K),000 was added to represent ex-
tensions and purchases of new lines paid for in stock. The capital be-
ing thus swollen to $11,000,000 was in 18(»4 doubled by a stock divi-
dend and thereby made $22,000,000.
Eighteen huudred and sixty-six was a year memorable for new con-
solidations, the stock ca])ital having then been increased to $4 1 ,000,000
by the issue of $19,000,000 of new t^ock. Since 1866 the stoc^k capital
has been carried up to its present amount of $80,000,000, partly by the
issue of stock for the purchase of new lines, but mainly bv the three fol-
lowing stock dividends : In 1879, $5,960,600; in 188i, $15,526,590, and
$4,320,000; total, $25,807,190.
It is not necessary to comment upon stock dividends, the nature and
effect of which are well understood. In respect to the issues of stock
for purchases of other lines, the prices j)aid have no relation either to
the cost or to the earning capacity of the property. The purchases were
influenced, in some cases, by the desire to get rid of competition, and
in others, by the fact that the persons controlling the management of
the Western Union had large interests in the property purchased. In
purchases prompted by the latter motiv** the higher the prices which
were paid, the greater were the gains of individuals in the control of
the Western Union.
In the case of a purchase made before 1870 of a line 1,100 miles long,
from Broxnville, Nebr., to Salt Lake City, which was built for $147,000,
and had been nearly three times paid for by a bonus from the Govern-
ment of $40,000 annually for len years, but which the building com-
pany, styling itself the Pacific Telegraph Company, had stocked at
$1,000,000, the Western Union paid $2,000,000 ot its own stock under
the circumstances detailed in the following extract from a sworn state-
ment made March 26, 1870, by Charles M. Stebbins, a well-known tele-
graph builder :
This ^1,000,000 of Pacific Telegraph stock (prominent men of the Western Union
Telegraph Company being the sole owners) was afterwards taken into the Westero
POSTAL TELEGRAPH. 5
Union Telegraph Company by issiiinj? therefor $-2,000,000 of Western Union Telegraph
Company's stock. After this theWes'eni Union Telegraph Company's stock was
troMed. I>y which manipulation an original expenditure of $147^000 (and a part of
that not honestly spent) came to rfpreseut §d,(jOO,UiiO of Western Union Telegraph
stock.
lu 1881 the Western Union paid $15,000,000 of its stock for the stock
and bonds of the American Union Telegraph Company, and $4,080,000
of its stock for all of the stock which it <lid not already own of the At-
lantic and Pacific Telegrai)h Company. From a comparison of the an-
nual reports of the Western Union it appears that the addition to its
property was greater in 1881, when these purchases were made, than in
1882, when no purchases were made, by only 3,975 miles of pole, 46,171
miles of wire, and 329 offices. This excess of addition to the equipment
in 1881 seems to be a tolerably correct measure of the tangible property
which the Western Union acquired by issuing $ll»,080,000 of stock in
1881, and if it is, the actual cost value of the property must have been
about $3,231,970, on the estimated cost of constructing telegraph lines
per mile of wire at $70. The purchases of new lines made in 1881 did
not cause any accessions to the business of the Western Union, inas-
much as the subsequent increase in the number of messages was no
greater than the normal growth without the addition of new lines.
It is evident, without pursuing this branch of the subject further, that
the price which the Western Onion paid in its stock for competing lines
was vastly in excess of either the cost or earning capacity of the prop-
erty acquired.
It was claimed before the committee, by the president of the Western
Union, that it had from time to time expendexl,out of its current earnings,
considerable money on construction account; thatis to say. in additions to
its lines and equi])ments,over and above their maintenance This maybe
true to some extent, but cannot be true to the extent of justifying the
enormous stock dividends which tbe company has made, nor was the
appropriation of current income to construction account sufficient to
prevent the payment of munificent cash dividends to the shareholders,
who received in that way from 18G7 to 1883 (both inclusive) $34,000,000
in addition to stock dividends of $25,817,198.
As the prices paid by the Western Union in its own stock do not
furnish even an approximate idea of the actual cost of the lines which
it has purchased from other companies, and as the representatives of
the Western Union, which alone possesses the information, have given
no definite or detailed account of the annmuts of money it has itself ex-
pended in the construction of lines, the committee has endeavored to
ascertain what it would now cost to reproduce lines equal in every re-
spect to those which the Western Union has acquired in all ways. The
present cost of similar lines is a near approximation to the cost of the
existing lines. There has been a fall in the price of wire as compared
with the average price during the ])eriod when the existing lines were
constructed, but this is partially offset by the rise in the price of poles.
The president of the Western Union stated to the committee that the
books of the company show that the miles of wire owned by it are
348,819, and that the miles controlled and leased are 82,909, making a
total of 431,728. As ])artof the miles owned, he counted the linrs pur-
chased of companies, including the cases of companies the separate
organization of which is kept up for various reasons but all the shares
of which, except a minute portion, .are held by the Western Union. De-
ducting the wires leased to newspapers, railroads, and individuals, the
rentals of which do not appear in the receipts for telegrams, and de-
6 POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
ducting also the lines which are really mere duplicates and practically
useless, which formed a part of the property obtained by the Western
Union in its multiplied acquisitions of other companies, the committee
believes it to be a large estimate to assume that the number of miles of
wire actually usedin, and necessary to, its business of transmittingtele-
grams is 350,000. The committee believes also that the average cost at
this time per mile of wire, including poles, construction, and the instru-
ments for telegraphing, would not exceed $70, which would make a total
cost of 824,500,000 for the whole 350,0ii0 miles. But if we assume that
everv mile of wire owned bv the Western Union is essential to itsbnsi-
ness ot transmitting telegrams, viz, 431,728 miles, the value of the prop-
erty at $70 per mile would be $30,220,900. At present there are in this
country, on an average, al)Out 3 miles of wire to 1 mile of pole line, but
as telegraphic business increases the proportion of wires will be larger.
Colin Fox, late an employ^ of the W' est^^rn Union, testified before the
committee, that between 1868 and 187C he built from 500 to 800 miles
of pole line in Michigan, on poles 25 feet long and 5 inches at the top
end, and adapted to conveying two or three wires, but generally carry-
ing only one, at a cost never excee<ling $75 per mile. For an additional
wire (No. 9) the increased cost would have been $30 per mile. The lines
were well built and are still in use. He also testified that one set of in-
struments in an ofiice would cost $25, and that the distance between
offices ranged between six and ten miles. The poles he used were ob-
tained in a lumbering country and at cheap rates.
E. E. Chapman, who was superintendent of the construction of part of
the lines of the Mutual Union, including all their lines west of Cleve-
land, testified that he built himself a portion of the lines between Cleve-
land and Chicago, and between Chicago and Kansas City. On theline
between Cleveland and Chicago the poles were strictly first class, 30
feet long and 6 inches at the top end, and of a capacity to carry 16
wiies, No. 6 and No. 8, although ol'iginally constructed with only fonr
wires. With the four wires the cost of materials and construction was
from $325 to $350 per mile. If eight wires had been strung the cost
would have been less than $00 per mile of wire. Since that time wire
has fallen and poles have risen in price. Mr. Chapman testified that
this line was constructed some distance from the route of any railway?
and that there was no better constructed line in the United States. He
also built the line from Springfield, III., to Kansas City with 25 feet
pales, 5 inches at the toj) end, with two wires, although provided with
cross-arms for two more, at a cost of $225 per mile. With four wires
strung the cost would have bem $71 per mile of wire.
John C. Van Duzer, formerly a superintendent and constructor of
United States military lines, testified that he has built, since the civil
war, 4,000 miles in Texas, the Indian Territorv, New Mexico, Montana?
and Dakota. He built 1,20(» miles in Texas in 1874 and 1875 under the
direction of the Chief Signal Officer, all with a single (No. 9) wire. The
cost of all materials, poles, wires, an<l insulators, was $50 per mile. T^®
labor was performed by the troops, but would have cost, if hired, $25 per
mile. An additional wire would have cost $30 per mile more; the ti^^
of a ^o. 8 wire would have increased the cost $4 per mile of wire. Tue
poles, chiefly red cedar, 25 feet long and 5 inches at the top, were, ^i^|^
the exception of one cargo shipped from Norfolk, obtained in TeX^?
but were hauled long <listances, in some cases 100 miles, at great ex-
pense. He also testified that white cedar poles of the same dimeu8ioD8»
which would carry four wires, can be purchased for 40 cents in Wiscon-
sin and Michigan, delivered by water at either Detroit or Chicago at <v
POSTAL TELEGRAPH 7
cents, and delivered at railroad stations in Illinois or Iowa at $1.25 in
car-load lots.
The exact excess of the capitalization of the Western Union, beyond
the actual cost of its lines, and beyond what it would now cost to repro-
duce similar lines, cannot be determined. That it is enormous is en-
tirely plain and undisputed.
In reference to the inquiry whether this excess of capitalization,
arising from stock dividends and from purchases of other lines at in-
flated i)rices, paid in stock, has ''injuriously affected the cost" of the
transmission of telegrams, the committee deem it suflficicnt to say that
its own conclusions correspond with the opinion of the country, that its
effect in that direction cannot be a matter of doubt, and that it has been
very great, even if we admit, as is claimed by the Western Union, that
the average rate on the aggregate business has been reduced.
The swollen capitalization of the Western Union has created at one
and the same time a cover, au inducement, and in some senses a neces-
sity for excessive charges for telegrams. To the extent that the public
liave been made to believe that the nominal capital was a rt-al one, it
has tended to cause a\) acquiescence in excessive charges, while the ex-
posure of the actual nature of the nominal capital does not diminish the
pressure of the motives which impel the managers of the company to
keep up charges which are essential to the maintenance of the present
dividends upon the immense mass of its watered stock.
For the purposes of relieving the country of the burden of charges,
for telegrams which are too high, of making those charges more equal
as between different localities and different classes of telegrams, and of
guarding against the mischiefs and dangers of leaving the control of
the telegraphic business of the country in the hands of a private com-
pany, which enjoys a practical monopoly, the committee has reported
the accompanying bill (Senate, 2022). •
The constitutional right of this Government to establish a postal
telegraph, under its power to establish post-oflfices and post- roads, seems
too clear to require argument. It has always been recogniztnl, and the
first telegraphic line in this country was constructed and operated and
owned by the United States, and many military lines are now in opera-
tion. In all European countries, the business of telegraphing is man-
aged by the public authorities. The war power and the ])ower to regu-
late commerce between the States are sometimes invoked and may be
fairly invoked, as also justifying this Government in establishing a
postal telegraph, but the power to establish post-offices and post-roads
is of itself abundantly sufficient lor the purpose. A ])ractical construc-
tion long ago extended it to modes of communication not known when
the Constitution was formed, such as steamboats and railroads, and
there can be no difficulty in extending it to other modes since discov-
ered, such as the telegraph and the telephone.
To the objection to a postal telegraph that it will operate injuriously
upon the business and profits of 'jirivate telegraphs, there are obvious
and sufficient answers. All ])ersous engaged in any business, not protected
by the monopoly of a patent, know and act upon the knowledge that they
are exposed to the competition of other persons and of the public au-
thorities. The postal money order system interferes with the business
of bankers. The parcel post interferes with the business of the express
companies. Postal savings banks, existing in many countries and often
proposed in this country, would interfere with the business of private
savings banks. It has been known for many years? that a jmstal tele-
graph had numerous advocates, and that its establishment, in some
8 POSTAL TELEORAPU.
fonii, was anionfz: probable events, and all jiersons concerned oagbt to
bavn {governed themselves accordingly, and doubtless bave done so. In
making these obser^'ations the committee does not intend to deny that
it is the duty of the Government, in exercising its jiowers, to look at all
the efl'ects of every measure which is i»roposed, including its eflfects
upon private citizens who are engaged in any lawful industry or under-
taking. But in this case, as the committee expects to be able to show,
no damage is threatened to any private i>er8ons or companies, beyond
a ciu'tailnient of extraordinary and abnormal profits, and the curtail- *
ment is not greater in degree than is required to relieve the people from
unreasonable exactions imposed by the companies themselves.
The bill reported by the committee provides in its first ten sections
for inviting proposals from telegraph companies now in existence, or
V. Inch may hereafter be lormed, to do the work of transmitting sach
telegi-aphic dispatches as the Government may deliver to them, at
prices which are not to exceed the rates specified in the bill. Sacb
post-offices as shall be designated from time to time as postal telegraph
oilices are to receive dispatches from the public and hand them over to
the contracting companies for transmission to .the postal telegraph
offices in the places of their destination, from which they are to be de-
livered to the persons to whom they are addressed. For the services
of receiving and delivering the messages the Government is to be
allowed three cents for each message, which is to be collected by de-
ducting it from the rate allowed to the contracting companies. On this
plan, as thus briefly sketched, the Government will deal with telegrams
precisely as it now deals with letters, that is to say, it will confine itself
to receiving and delivering them. In both cases the transmission is
performed for the Government by contractors, letters being carried by
railroads, steamboats, coaches, wagons, &c., and telegrams being car-
ried over wiree. In neither case does the Government have anything
to do with the plant n^quired to do the actual work of transmission,
which is left to be provided by the contractors.
The maximum rates limited by the bill are, for day telegrams of not
exceeding 20 words exclusive of the date, 20 cents for distances within
1,000 miles, with an additional charge of 5 cents for every additional
250 miles, or fraction thereof; but for no distance is the rate to exceed
50 cents. For night telegrams the maximum rate for not exceeding 20
words, exclusive of date, is to be 15 cents for all distances below 2,000
miles, ami for greater distances 25 cents. In respect to both day and
night telegram** an addition of one-fifth the rate is to be made for every
6 words, or fraction thereof in excess of 20 words. The prescribed rates
are to cover ini mediate and special delivery within a mile of the tele-
graph office, ov within the letter-carrier delivery, and immediate trans-
mission by mail nhen destined for any place where there is no postal
telegraph office. If acceptable contracts can be entered into, the con-
tractors are to transmit all messages sent by Government officials upon
l>ublio business at rates to be fixed by the Postmaster-General, as under
existing laws. The Government is not in any case to assume any mo-
nopoly of the telegraph business, but is to leave it open to everybody,
including the companies which may contract to transmit messages de-
livered to them by the Government.
The plan covered by those sections involves no outlay of money,
present or future, not reimbursed to the Government. The only new
office which it creates, is that of an Assistant Postmaster-GeneraL The
messenger boys who will deliver telt^grams, and a small number of addi-
tional clerks are the only new employes whom it will call for, and that
POSTAL TELEGRAPH. 9
I)ranc]i of the business involves only a small expenditu- e and no political
])atroua^e. The income received by the Government for receiviu^r and
deliveiing telegrams will certainly pa3', and probably over-pay, the fore-
going charges, and also the cost of ])roviding a room in each postal tele-
grd])h office, as required by section 7, for the use of the employes, instru-
ments and batteries of the com]>anies contracting to transmit telegrams.
The receiving of telegrams by the postal telegraph offices, will subject
the Government to but little expense ntit now incurred. The delivery
of telegranjs will cost one cent tt»r each telegram, iiccording to the evi
dence submitted to the committee. As the charge collected by the Gov-
ernment for receiving and delivtiing will be three cents for each tele-
gram, there will be a profit of two cents on each. This would be $811,623
annually, if the Govennnent handles 40,581,177 telegrams annually, as
the Western Union did in >883. $811,023 per annum, will more than
cover the rent of the rooms which theGovernment is to furnish under the
seventh section of the bill, and we may expect that the Government will
soon handle twice 40,581,177 telegrams annually, on the basis of the ex-
perience in Europe of the eft'ect of lowered rates to multiply the number
of telegrams sent.
The plan provides for the widest practicable diffusion of the proposed
new system. All post-offices in places in which telegraph offices exist
when the bill becomes a law are made postal telegraph offices, and au-
thority is also given to the Postmaster-General to designate other post-
offi(*.es as postal telegraph offices from time to time, as the wants of the
])ubltc may seem to him to require. Furthermore, the new telegraphic
service is really extended to i)ost-offices which ai-e not postal telegraph
offices, by the provisions that messages may l»e sent over the wnes to
the postal telegi'aph office nearest to their destination, and thence for-
warded by mail to the person a'Idressed. Tht* companies to whom con-
tracts for the sending of messages may be awarded are forthwith to
open for use such lines as they may have in operation, and must, within
four years, construct or acquire such additional lines as will connect
all the post-offices which are made by the bill postal telegraph offices,
and with the further requirement that at least one-fourth of the needed
additional lines shall be annually constructed or acquired. The plan is
enlarged so Jis to include telegraphic money orders for sums not ex-
ceeding $100, that being, in the opinion of the committee, as 1 «rge a
limit as it w^as prudent to fix, until we can have some actual experience
of the working of the system.
The contracts for the transmission of telegrams are to be made after
advertising for bids, with the provision that the Postmaster-General
•'shall contract with the company or companies whose proposition
shall be deemed by him the most favorable for the performance of the
telegraph service" contemplated by the bill. The term of the contract
is five years, with a right on the part of the contractors to one renewal
for another term of i\ve years, provided they have faithfully performed
all their duties during the first terra, and subject to the further condi-
tion that a uniform rate, without regard to distance for sending tele-
grants at or below the lowest rate specified in the bill, shall be adopted.
AH contracts are t<t be at any and all times terminable at the option of
Congress, and in addition there is expressly reserved to Congress the
general power of altering, amending, or repealing the ])roposed law or
any part ot it. In short, the fullest freedom of action is reserved to the
Government in the future, so that it may withdraw from the system at
any time, if it proves to be onerous or injurious in any particular not now
foreseen.
10 POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
The comaiittee was uDauiinous in reporting: the first ten sections of
the bill ; sorae of its members believin«r that those sections go as far as
it is now prudent to go in the direction of connecting the Government
with the telegraphic business, and others believing that those sections
constitute an important improvement on the existing system, although
they would have preferred that there should now be begun and pressed
to a full completion, as soon as practicable, the plan of a complete Gov-
ernment ownership and working of telegraph lines.
The concluding thirteen sections, which embody all the principles of ,
the bill S. 17, introduced by Senator Edmunds, did not receive tlie
unanimous support of the committte. The members of it who were in
the n)inority as respects thai part of the bill will doubtless state the
views by which they were controlled. It will be improper to antic-
ipate the statements they may think tit to make, but there is no impro-
priety in saying that their principal objection to the concluding part of
the bill was understood, in a general way, to be that it was inexpedient
to enlarge the present operation^ and patronage of the Government by
throwing upon it the ownership and management of telegraph lines,
and on that account they were not prepared to sanction provisions for
doing that, even contingently ujmn the event that no satisfactory bids
should be received from contractors for the transmission of telegrams
within the rates limited by the bill.
It is provided in these sections that if no responsible contractors shall
offer to carry messages over their wires within the rates limited in the
bill, the Government may accept any otter for sale of existing lines suit-
able for the purposes intended, and at prices deemed to be fair and
reasonable by the Postmaster-General, it being further required that
any proposal of that kind shall first be submitted to and approved by
Congress. The Postmaster-General is required to invite proposals for
the sale of telegraph lines, at the time when he invites proposals for
contracts to transmit telegrams, so that if no satisfactory jiroposalsof the
latter kind may be received, it may be possible that he will receive pro-
posals for the sale of lines in season to be acted upon during the lifetime
of the present Congress. But it no purchjvse of lines is consummated by
the approval of Congress before the 4th of March next, and if before the
same date no contract is entered into for the transmission of telegrams,
the bill provides that a board consisting of the Secretary of State, the Sec-
retary of War, and the Postmaster General shall locate four trunk lines
of telegraph connecting Washington with the northe^istern, northwest-
ern, western, southwestern, and southern parts of the country, such lines
and branches thereof to be, from time to time, extended as Congress may
hereafter appropriate money therefor. The actual construction is to be
under the direction of the Secretary of War, and through the Corps of
Engineers, subject to the same general i^ro visions of law which are ap-
plicable to other public works under the charge of the same Secretary.
The lines, when constructed, are to be used for sending telegrams, at the
rates provided in the first sections of the bill, but those rates are sub-
ject to revision by a board consisting of the Secretary' of State, Secre-
tary of the Treasury, and Postmaster-General. If it shall happen that
over the routes upon which this bill authorizes the construction of lines,
there are already existing lines of a suitable character, the Secretary of
War, with the approval of the President, may purchase them, if he can
do so at prices not exceeding what it would cost the United States in ca«h
to construct similar lines, and at such reduction below such prices as
ought to be made on account of the decay or deterioration of the lines
jmrchased. The appropriation for the current fiscal year ending June
POSTAL TELEGRAPH. 11
30, 1885, to carry out the bill is two million dollars. The clerks, electri-
csians, and operators to be employed io working the lineB eontingently
proposed to be acquired or constructed by the Government, are to be
subjected to examination by the Board of Civil Service Commissioners,
and of the persons passing a satisfactory examination the Postmaster-
Goneral is to emploj' such number as the public service may from time to
time require, and at rates of compensation to be tixed by a board con-
sisting of the Secretary of State, Secretary of War, and Postmaster-Gen-
eral. And to avoid delays in the construction of the lines contingently
pro])osed to he constructed, the Secretary of War is authorized to oflfer,
with the approval of the President, fair prices for the right of way and
other real estate which may be needed for the establishment of the lines
and for such machinery, appliances, devices, and materials (not including
telegraph lines), whether patented or not, as may be needed for the
convenient and successful operation of such lines. If the prices of-
fered are not accepted, the Secretary of War may still take the prop-
erty, leaving to the owners the right to e^itablish in the Court of
Claims, subject to appeals to the Supreme Court, what the true value
of the property taken is, and the bill makes an appropriation in ad-
vance of so much money as may be required to satisfy the final judg-
ments which such owuers may obtain against the United States.
In the details of the bill the committee have been governed by the
opinion that it was necessary, expedient, and entirely safe to leave a
c msiderable range of discretion to executive officers, but no discretion
is given to officers below the grade of cabinet ministers, who must act
uuiler the watehful observation of the country an<l under a constant
sense of the responsibility which attaches to the high places which they
fill.
The committee admits fully that it would be inequitable and contrary
to an enlightened public policy to coerce the owners of ])rivate lines to
sell them to the Government, or tivmake contracts for the transmission
of telegrams over their lines, at inadequate prices, by the menace that
the Government would otherwise build lines of its own. But it also
believes that it is within the limit of the most scrupulous consideration
of private rights and interests, as well as demanded by business pru-
dence in taking care of the public interests, to accompany the otier of
such fair and even liberal terms as this bill makes to private telegraph
companies, with an eflTective declaration that if such terms are not ac-
lupted the Government will provide lines of its own. To do so is not
making use of the ample pecuniary means of the Government to op-
press individuals, but to protect the tax-payers whose contributions
make up the public revenue against exorbitant exactions.
That the terms otiered to the company with which the Government
may contract for the transmission of messages are liberal will be shown
by a careful examination of the cost of sending messages, even taking
as a basis the figures furnished by the Western Union Company.
Making no allowance for profit on the capital employed, the cost per
telegram on the business of the Western Union, during the year ending
June 30, 1883, was 23.325 cents, as given in an itemized statement of
the president of that company. To say nothing of the criticisms which
might be made on some of the items of that statement, it is shown in a
letter, addressed to the committee by Mr. Gardner G. Hubbard, that
the same business could be done under the bill reported by the commit-
tee, at a cost of 18.912 cents, or in round numbers 19 cents per telegram.
This saving is efl'ected in various items, such as in printing ; in the charge
for the cost of maintaining consolidated companies ; in rents, inasmuch as
i
12 POSTAL TELIIGBAPII.
in most places tbe ]»ost-office8 will have room enough for the telegraph
office; and in the less number of clerks and c^vshiers required in the hand-
ling, bookkeeping and numbering of messages under the}>ostal system,
when all messages are to be prepaid by stami^s, and almost the only
accounts to be kept will be those of the number of messages sentaud
of the money received for stamps.
Estimating the average cost per telegram at 19 cents, which includes
the 3 cents allowed to the Government for receiving and delivering, and
the average rate under the bill reported by the committee at 25 cents,
the profit on 40,581,177 messages (the number sent in 1883), will be
42,434,870, which is an ample return upon the capital invested. But
the number of the telegrams transmitted by the Western Union has
doubled during the last six years, and the experience of the effect both
in Europe and in this country, of a reduction of rates, justifies the pre-
diction tiiat under the stimulus of the lower rates prescribed by the bill,
the business will double certainly during the next three ye^irs, and not
impi obably during the next two years. That wouhi double the pix)tit
and make it $4,869,750, even if the cost pt^r telegram remained the sauie,
whereas it is certain that it will diminish as the number of telegrams be-
comes larger. Precisely how much it will diminish cannot be accurately
stated, but the committee believes that a diminution of 2 cents per tele-
gram may be safely assumed. This would increase the profits on
^1,102,354 telegrams $1,G23,246, and make the total profits $0,492,996.
In addition to this the company which should take the contract would
still have the profits to be derived from wires leased, from all the private
business which it might secure at higher rates under special giiaranty
from private market reports, and from numerous other sources.
In proposing in the bill, as the committee has done, that the contract
for the transmission of telegrams may be renewed for five years, on the
basis of a uniform rate of 20 cents for day telegrams and 15 cents for
night telegrams, and that the Government charge for receiving andde-
livering telegrams should then be reduced from three cents to two cents,
the committee was influenced by the belief that the cost to the Gov-
ernment of receiving and delivering telegrams would be diminished
one-third by the expansion of their number. A diminution so large is
not to be expected on all the items of the cost of transmitting telegrams,
but there is hardly one of the items in which there will not be some dim-
inution. From a full consideration of the case, and after weighing all
the testimony, the majority of the committee were therefore ot the opin-
ion that it is not an arbitrary and wrongful memvce, but a well justi-
fied precaution, for the Government to declare that if it cannot have the
messages of the people of this country transmitted at fair and liberal
rates, it will build or acquire lines of its own. And the committee was
«iianimously of the opinion that it was proper and expedient to a<;com-
pany the offer of an option to any contracting company to renew its
contract for an additional term of five years, with the condition that
there should then be a unifoim rate of 20 cents for day telegrams and
15 cents for night telegrams as being no gxyatcr reduction than would
be just, in view of the expected increase in the number of telegrams
and consequent decrease in the cost per telegram.
The committee was confirmed in its view as to the rates which should
be fixed, by the fact that a responsible company came before it and
offered to make a contract at rates fully as favorable to the public as
those contained in the bill. This otter will be found among the papers
accompanying this report.
While a major' ly of the committee believe that the public interest
POSTAL TELEGRAPH. 13
•
would be promoted by the adoption in substance of the entire bill, the
committee is unanimously of the opinion that very important advautges
may be secured by the adoption of the tirst ten sections, if it appears
that the last thirteen sections do not commend themselves to the judg-
ment of the Senate.
Among the important advantaj^es obtained by the proposed plan of
contracting for the transmission of telegrams, the four following are con-
spiiHious:
First. It largely reduces the average charges now ptiid by the public
for telegraphic services.
Under the bill reported by the committee, the average will not exceed
25 cents per telegram, after making allowance for the large proportional
increase of messages which will be sent overhing distances, as a conse-
(ineuce of the large reduction which the bill makes in that class of mes-
sages.
The report of the Western Union for the year ending June 30, 1S>3.
shows 40,581,177 messages, and receipts $19,454,902, which would show
an average charge of about 48 cents per telegram. But there are in-
cluded in the above $19,454,902 of receipts, some branches of income not
derived from telegrams transmitted over lines in this country, such as
revenue frcua Atlantic and Cuban cables, rental of lines leased to pri-
vate parties, and receipts from the Gold and Stock Telegraph Com-
pany. In a letter addressed to Mr. Ganlner 6. Hubbard, on the 19th
of September last, the president of the Western Union says that these
independent sources of revenue yield "an aggregate of $4,012,000 that
is not derived from the transmission of messages over Western Union
lin<\s in the United States and Canada.'' If this is correct, it would re-
du(!e the amount received from telegrams from $19,454,902 to $15,442,902,
which would be 38 cent« per telegram. In his testimony before the com-
mittee, the president of the Western Union states that the receipts ex-
clusively from telegrams during th^ last tiscal year, were $16,200,000,
which would make the average charge ])er telegram 40 cents. Mr.
Hubbard, as the result of his own calculations, makes it 38.9 cents.
Taking all the evidence together, it must be very near the fact to say
that the reduction nnule by the bill in the average charge per telegram
will he from 39 cents to 25 cents immediately, and to 20 cents at the end
of live years. '
To the reduction of the average charge per telegram from 39 to 25
cents, is to be added the other quite as important consideration, that
under the bill the average amount of service performed, per telegram,
will be much greater than it is at present. The great reductions of rates
which the bill makes are on telegrams sent over long distances and on
t'lose seni to places where the telegraphic business is small, and as a
consequence, the proportion of both those classes of telegrams will be
vastly increased. If, with its present rates, the Western Union was
transmitting the same proportion of telegrams for long distances and
to out-of-the-way localities, as will be transmitted should the service be
performed under the terms of this bill, its average rate per telegram,
instead of being 39 cents, would be much higher, and not improbably
twice 39 cents. Taking the two things together, the diminished aver-
age charge per telegram and the increased service per telegram, the
gain secured to the public by the bill takes on great proportions.
Second. The plan inaugurated by the tirst ten sections of the bill
secures, during the first five years, an absolute uniformity of the charge
for da'^ telegrams, within all distances not exceeding 1,000 miles, and
14 POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
for iii^ht teleg^rains within all distances not exceeding 2,000 miles. The
variations from this uniformity, in respect to greater; distances, are not
large, and they are also much less than the variations in the charges
now imposed by the telegraph companies. If contracts are made with
those companies, they will be, at their option, renewable for an addi-
tional five years, but only upon the condition that the charges shall be
absolutely the same for any number of miles, so that telegrams will then
be, in that particular, upon the same footing as letters.
Public considerations have induced the Government in fixing the rates • \
of letter postiige, to overlook distance and also comparative sjiarseness
or density of populatitm, and the gre^iter or less numl)er of postal com-
munications between different plm^es, notwithstanding that each one of
these circumstances affects the actual cost of sending letters, and that
the two last named circumstances affect it very sensibly. It is certainly
true that the postal intercourse in the densely populated part« is some-
what overtaxed, in order to admit of some degree of undertaxing of
the same intercourse with and between the sparsely populated parts
of the country. Everybody knows that this is so, and everybody is
satisfied that it should be so. A plan of so arranging letter postage as
to favor the rural districts, to favor the less weal thy regions, and espe-
cially to favor the newer parts of our growing country, is heartily sup-
ported by those whom it does not lavor, because all believe that it is
for the common advantage. Among the circumstances which reconcile
the old States on the Atlantic to the migrations of their sons and daugh-
ters is the knowledge that however far they may go within the national
jurisdiction, if even to the far distant Pacific Ocean, family and social
intercourse with them by letter can be maintained at the same cost as
if they had migrated no farther than to the next township. The bene-
fit is common and equal to those who go and to those who remain ; and
now that the country has had an experience of it, nobody will make or
support a ])roposition to return to the old plan of graduating letter post-
age according to distance.
The principle of making letter postage uniform, without regard to dis-
tance, was only adopted within recent years — 18G3 ; but from the foun-
datiop of the Government, it has been uniform in the particular of dis-
regarding the difference of expense of sending and delivering letters
between places having k large and those having a small postal business.
That difference is much greater than the difference of expense between
the carriage of letters over long and over short distances. If the postal
business, as respects letters, had been left to private companies, they
would always have charged higher rates to places which received few
letters, tor the reason that the cost both for carriage and delivery in-
creases in proportion as the number diminishes. We know that to-
day the telegraph companies graduate their charges, in most cases,
upon that principle, and considered as private companies, doing their
business solely with a view to profit, they are justified in doing so.
Their charges for telegrams are, relatively, very high to and from
places in which business of that kind is small, while on the other hand,
there are cases in which some companies actually charge less for tele-
grams between great cities than the lowest rate limited in this bill.
POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
15
The following table exhibits the telegraph rates from Washington to
the resilience of each of the members of the Senate and the House
Committees on Po8t OflBcea and Post-Roads under the Western Union
and the proposed postal telegraph systems :
April. 1884.
Place of residence.
• WeBtem Union.
8KXATE COHMITTBR.
Washington to^
I>i*nver. Colo —
Fairfield, luwa.
Paris. Tex
Jackson. Tenn .
Elkton, Md ...
I>etroit Mich ..
Osbkush, Wis .
Pet<»r8burir, Va
Dover, Del
10 toords, ex-
clunve of
\ date,addreis,
and tigna-
ture.
$1 00
75
Average for residences of Senate Committee .
H0U6B COMMITTER.
Winona, Miss
Fort Smith. Ark
Henderson, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Sparta. Oa
Bttonville, Mo
WincheHter. Ill
Lexinf[:t4tn, Tenn
PhiladelDbia, Pa
Akron, Ohio
Watertown, NY
Blue Earth Cit}-, Minn
Manchester. Ky
Gallipolis, Ohio
Lafayette, ind
Utah
Average for residences of House Committee .
00
OU
25
50
75
25
25
10 toords, ex-
eltuive of
date. address,
and aigna-
ture.
$0 75
50
75
75
20
35
50
25
20
64
47
Postal telegraph as pro-
posed in tlie bill.
20 words, in-
cluding
address and
signature.
10 40
25
30
20
20
20
20
•JO
20
SO words, in-
cluding
address and
signature.
$0 15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
24
15
$0 75
$0 50
$0 20 {
$0 15
75
50
25
l."*
1 00
66
30 ;
15
.•iO
35
20
16
60
40
20
15
75
50
25 ,
15
60
40
20
15
50 j
35
20
15
15 '
15
20
15
»
5t)
35
•20
15
35
25
•20
15
1 00
66
20
15
50
35
20
15
50 I
35
20 ,
15
50
35
20
15
1 00 1
1
66
50 !
25
62
42
23
16
All the public reasons which justify and require and have secured
the adoption of a uniform rate of letter postage, without regard either
to distances or to the varying amount of postal business between dif-
ferent places, apply with full and undiminished force to telegrams.
We may be sure that the country will regard it as a great merit in the
pending bill that it secures, at the end of live yeare, uniform charges
for telegrams, wherever sent, and, in the mean time, keeps the varia-
tions from uniformity within narrow limits.
The evidence submitted to the committee shows the effect of the high
and unequal telegraphic charges in this country in reducing the pro-
portion of family and social telegrams to a mere nominal figure in com-
parison with the proportion of such telegrams in Europe, where the
rates are lower and more uniform. Of the proportion of telegraphic
messages sent by the Western Union relating to family and social mat-
ters, the president of that company stated to the committee (January
31) that ^'he did not think it was more than 5 or 6 per cent, of the whole^^^
and he added that " about 80 per cent of our business is strictly commer-
cialj and does not care so much about rates as it dots about quick icork.^^
16 POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
He also stated in his testimony that not more than 500,000 persons,
or less than 1 per cent, of the people of the United States, ever use the
telegraph. About 12 per cent, of the messa*;es sent by that company
consist of press dispatAihes. In contrast with this condition of the busi-
ness of the Western Union, the classification of the telefframs sentiu
Belgium in 1880 shows that the private dispatches upon family and so-
cial matters amounted* to 55.10 per cent, of the whole, and in Switzer-
land to 61 ])er cent. In 1881 the proportions were substantially the
same.
With low and uniform rates, we shall hear no more of the use of the
telegraph being enjoyed by only 1 per cent, of our population. The pro-
portion of family and social telegrams, insteiul of being 5 or 0 per cent.
of the whole, as it is now, will exceed the 55 per cent, shown in Bel-
gium, and the 61 per cent, in Switzerland, inasmuch as neither there,
nor in any country in the world, is the number relatively so great as it
is in this country of persons who have something to spend beyond
obtaining the bare necessities of life. And moreover there is no country
in which families are separated by such long distances. By what gauge
or standard shall we undertake to measure the benefit of che^ip teleg-
raphy in kee[)ing alive and warm the relations of blood and friend-
ship, and in relieving the anxieties of families, by bringing within the
reach of the many that prompt intelligence as to the health and move-
ments of their fi|.r-removed members which is now the luxurv of the
few?
Third. The plan provided in this bill secures from the commencement
of its operation a uniformity of charge^, irrespective of distance and also
irrespective of the amount of busiuess in different places, for telegrams to
newsi)apers and to commercial news associations; that is to say, for all
telegrams which convey the current news for publication by the press
and intelligence to the public of the daily and hourly changes in the
foreign and domestic markets. This uniformity does not now exist, and
never will exist under the exclusive control by private companies of the
business of telegraphing. It is a weighty recommendation of this bill
that it secures it. The procurement of the intelligence wiiich the news-
papers ought to give and do give to the country will thus be made as
cheap in one place as in another, saving only the unavoidable inequal-
ity which arisen from the fact that the number of newspapers which may
combine to purchase the intelligence is greater in scmie places than in
others. So, too, telegraphic advices to commercial news associations of
the courseof the markets, so important to be known by ail classes, by pro-
ducer s, by manufacturers, merchants, bankers, a ml in deed every b -dy who
is obliged to sell or to buy anything, will be subject to the same charges
in all places, near and remote and great or small, provided only that
they are large enough to maintain such an association. In these ways
telegraphic communication of intelligence 4)f a public nature and for the
general information of the people will be made equally facile au<l of
equal cost in every part of this broad country from ocean to ocean.
That it will be matle so will be one of the beneficial resnlts of making
telegraphy a matter of ])ublic administration, looking to public ob-
jects and controlle<l by public considerations, instead of leaving it ex-
cluvsively in the hands of private companies which are necessarily gov-
erned solely by their own interests.
Fourth. The bill, while it may not wholly remove, does t > an impor-
tant degree lessen the danger that the purveying and preparation of
the intelligence sent to newspapers and to commercial news assooia-
tions will be subjected to a concealed censorship, whereby it may be
POSTAL TELEGRAPH. 17
colored and distorted so as to subserve political purposes, to mislead
pnblic opinion as to the merits or demerits of men and measures, to
pervert legislation, and to favor schemes of private gain.
Under the present telegraphic system the possibility of such a species
of censorship, which is one of the most alarming dangers which menace
.the country, arises in two distinct ways, each of which requires a sep-
arate consideration. The first is the power which the telegraph com-
panies themselves have of manipulating news for sinister purposes, and
the second is the same power possessed by the Associated Press and
other similar associations, not themselves owning t^elegraph lines, but
making special compacts for the transmission of telegrams over lines
owned and managed by others. It will appear that the power of the
telegraph company in this respect will be entirely taken away by the
pending bill, and that the power of the Associated Press and similar
associations will be greatly reduced.
The president of the Western Union furnished to the committee cop-
ies of two contracts of that company, one an old contract dated January
11, 1867, with the Western Associated Press, and the other a later con-
tract dated December 22, 1882, with both the New York Associated
Press and the Western Associated Press. It is the general eflfect, sum-
marily stated, of these contract's to divide the furnishing of news into
two divisions. The one set apart to the Press Association is described
as follows :
The basiness of ooUectiug and seUiii^ to newspapers, for pablicatioQ, commercial
news, and other reports of a general character.
The other, set apart for the Western Union, is described as follows :
The business of reporting, supplying, and seUing financial and commercial news^
market and other reports, and quotations of a miscellaneous character, to individuals^
clubs, boards of trade, exchanges, and other organizations, for their own use and the
use of their members, but not for newspaper publication.
These contracts entitle the Western Union to buy news collected by
press associations, but to be used, not for publication, but only for such
sales of news as the Western Union has the right, under the arrange-
ment, to make. And, on the other hand, the contracts entitle the As-
sociated Press to buy news collected by the Western Union, to be used^
not for resale, but only for publication in the newspapers.
The subsisting contract, which is that of December 22, 1882, is for
ten years, unless it is sooner terminated by either party, by giving six
months' notice.
The situation gives to the Western Union a practical monopoly cdn-
trol of commercial and financial news. It collects daily and hourly the
market and commercial news to be distributed in every town in this
country, and with the power of changing the complexion of it, whether
it exercises that power or not. It admits no partnership in the business
of furnishing commercial and financial news to individuals or associa-
tions of individuals. It is true that the Press Associations may supply
that class of news to the press, but they receive a good deal of it from
the Western Union, and, of course, only after such censorship as that
company may see fit to exercise over it.
The relations between the Western Union and the Associated Press
restrain them from interfering with each other's interests and purposes,
and make them practically, as against the general public, a single cor-
poration. This is particularly the case so far as it relates to the market
news. Having nothing to fear from the competition of the Associated
S. Eep. 577 2
18 POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
Press in selling fiaancial and commercial news, the Western Uuion can
pat down individual competition in innumerable ways. As an illus-
tration, take the following case from the testimony of Gardiner G. Hub-
bard:
A few yean ago a man in Cincinnati had a little news barean. His correapoodent
in New York collected 4he news of the market every morning, forwarded it through
the Wetttem Union office, and it was sent over the through line. The Western
Union afterward monopolized that business, as they monopolize everything they can
put their hands on. Asked him to sell out. He said, ''No, I am making a very good
thing of this business, and I prefer to keep it.^ The Western Union stopped sending
his messages on the through line, and transmitted them on a way line. There was
no priority for their messages. Oh, no ; they only sent them on the through Hoe.
Those that went by the way Hue were longer in getting through, and when received
the customers of the Western Union had received the prices and acted on them. No
priority, only the man was ruined. He was obliged to give up his business to the
Western Union, and thej^ now monopolize it.
For the purpose of giving fabulous fortunes to its inside managers and
their friends, the Western D nion need not send untrue market q notations.
It has only to give the true quotations a single hour, or less than that, in
a<lvance to those- whom it means to favor, and the work is effectually
accomplished.
No such power should be allowed to exist in this country, even if no
past abuses of it can be stiown to have occurred, or even if it be be-
lieved that, in tact, it has not been abused. The temptation to abuse
it is enormous, and will sooner or later prove to .be irresistible. The
bill will effectually take the power away from the Western Union, or
any other private telegraph company, by the low rates and equality
which it secures to everybody, and by the still lower rates which it se-
cures to commercial news associations. Competition in furnishing com-
mercial and financial news to all points and places is not to be expected
under this bill, but it will be sufficient if it insures, as it is certain to
do, competition in furnishing such news to the more important places,
whereby the field for profitably tampering with public intelligence will
be so narrowed that the temptation will no longer constitute a sensible
danger.
In respect to the Associated Press, William Henry Smith, the gen-
eral manager, described the working of it in his testimony (March 7)
before the committee.
The Eastern news is collected by its local agents at various points
and sent to a central officer in the city of New York, by whom, after be-
ing subjected to a process which is described as ^' editing," it is sent out
to the newspapers which belong to the association. This "editing"
cohsists of selecting such parts as the central officer thinks proper to
send out, and in modifying the language, and in making the selection,
he sends more matter to some sections and places than to others. All
the Eastern news goes first to the central office in New York, except
that portion of it which is sent directly from this city of Washington to
the West and South, and to Baltimore and Philadelphia; and there is a
central officer here who determines absolutely what shall be sent and
what shall not be sent. It may be assumed, and is doubtless true, that
the persons selected to do this species of editing will be those best fitted
to do it skillfully and judiciously, but it must also be assumed that they
will be in almost all cases persons who can be influeiiceil, and especially
by those to whom they are indebted for their appointment and for con-
tinued retention in their places, to edit the news so as to give it a par-
ticular coloring and to serve particular purposes. Of the nature and
POSTAL TELEGRAPH. 19
danger of each a i)ower, the following description was given in the tes-
timony of Gardiner G. Hubbard :
The man who rales the Associated Press has an instrament for shaping the opinions
of the millions which, by the coustancy, nniversality, and rapidity of its action,
defies competition. The events which take place in all business, political, and relig-
ious centers, together with the actious of pnolic men and tlieir imputed motives, are
all presented simultaneously to the public, from ocean to ocean, through this instru-
mentality. The agents who collect the news respond to the centi*al authority at New
York, and are subject to removal at its pleasure. Here is a power f^eaXev than any
«ver wielded by the French Directory, because, in an era when public opinion is om-
nipotent, it can give, i^thhold, or celor the information which shapes that opinion.
It may impart an irresistible power to the caprice of an individual, and the reputa-
tion of the ablest and purest public man may be fatally tainted in every town and
village on the continent by a midnight dispatch. It is incompatible with public,
safety that such an exclusive power to speak to the whole public in the same mo-
ment, upon every subject, and thus to create public opinion, should be under the
absolute control of a corporation.
The general manager, William Henry Smith, seemed to claim that the
fact that no opposition news association was formed for twenty -five
years to compete with the Associated Press, is proof that its manage-
ment had been unobjectionable. On the contrary, it may appear to
others to be one of the proofs that the Associated Press is so strongly
intrenched in the intimacy of its relations with the Western Union, that
competition with it has been made well nigh imiK)Ssible.
It may be said that if under the operation of this bill several asso-
ciations shall be formed to collect and distribute news, they will neces-
sarily have their news concentrated at central points before it is distrib-
uted, and that the same danger of a censorship at snch central points
will exist as now exist in the case of the Associated Press. But the
temptation to exercise a censorship will be taken away, because there
will be little or no advantage to anybody in manipulating the news sent
out by one association, when other and independent associations are at
the same time sending out the news iinmanipulated. It is only the fact
of a monopolized news distribution which makes a news censorship pos-
sible. This bill is for the press a proclamation of emancipation, and it
will not be really a free press until it, or something like it, is enacted into a
law. To-day no new paper can be placed on the list of recipients of As-*
sociated Press dispatches without the consent of all the papers in the
same town already on the list, and all papers receiving the news by con-
tract with the association are liable to be stricken from the list at the
pleasure of the central management. The telegraphic news is the breath
of life of the daily press, and to receive such news practically at the
will of one company is an intolerable condition, degrading to the news-
papers and alarming to the country. This bill will put an end to it by
the impartial and low rates which it fixes for telegraphing, and by the
competition in the furnishing of news which it renders possible and en-
courages. And to whatever extent it may be shown by experience not
to reach and remedy the whole of the present evils, Congress will always
have the power to supply what is proved to be lacking by amendatory
legislation.
Sanimarizing what has thus far been said, it has been shown that the
bill secures the advantages of cheapening very largely the charges for
telegraphing; of making those charges and the charges for the trans-
mission of public intelligence for the press and for commercial news
associations uniform ; and of removing or greatly diminishing the dan-
ger that the selection of the public intelligence to be telegraphed will
be controlled by large and centralized corporations, by whose managers
it may be colored for political, personal, and selfish objects. The ad-
20 POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
vantages thus enumerated are each of them of the first importance, and
they constitute together a weighty aggregation of reasons for the enact-
ment into law of at least the first ten sections of the bilL While no
reason of a public nature for opposing the adoption of these ten sections
suggested itself to any member of the Post-OflBce Committee, they are
and will be resisted by telegraph companies which are now profiting by
higher rates for telegraphic business than the bill provides. Such com-
paniesmust either ofi'er to become contractors under the lower rates of the
bill, or take the risk that other companies, now existing or hereafter to
be formed, will be<tome such contractofs. If the thirteen concluding
sections of the bill shall recommend themselves to the approval of Con-
gress, and if no company will contract to convey messages of the pub-
lic delivered to it by the Government at the rates limited in this bill,
the existing companies will be subjected to the competition of lines con-
structed or acquired by the Government.
It is not to be expected that any company, which is now reaping a
monopoly harvest from the present situation of things, will favor the
pending bill, or will fail to exert itself to defeat it. Men easily per-
suade themselves that they have an equitable right to the perpetual
enjoyment of the advantages which they i)ossess, and that every depri-
vation or impairment of such advantages is an act of injustice. It is the
duty of legislators to weigh in a just balance the interests of the public
and the interests of private companies and individuals.
The Committee on Post-Ofiices and Post-Boads has endeavored to
discharge that duty with care and fairness, and it has arrived unani-
mously at the conclusion that the time has come for reducing the pres-
ent rates of telegraphing and making them uniform, and that to the
extent of the plan contained in the first ten sections of the bill, this may
be done without injustice to existing companies, and especially without
injustice to the principal existing company, which is known to have
enjoyed, over a long period of time, an income enormously disprox>or-
tioned to any investment of capital which it has made.
48th Congress, \ SENATE. ( Bepobt 577,
Ist Session. ) I Part 2.
TESTIMONY, STATEMENTS, ETC.,
TAKXN BT THB
COMMITTEE ON POST-OFFICES AND POST-ROADS,
TJNITED STA.TE8 SENATE,
IN BMrxBJOf cm TO
POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
WASHIKGTOK:
QOTBBirXBNT PBINTINO OVVZO:
1884.
REMARKS
or
HON. QEORQE F. EDMUNDS.
United States Senate Gommittee
ON Post-Opfioes and Post-Boads,
January 17, 1884.
The Gommittee having under consideration the bills —
S. No. 17 (by Mr. Edmands). To provide fo^ the establishment of a
postal tele^aphic system ;
S. 227 (by Mr. Hill). To establish a system of postal telegraphs in the
United States;
S. 1016 (by Mr. Dawes). To provide for the transmission of corre-
spondence by telegraph; .
And other petitions, memorials, and resolations on the subject of
postal telegraph.
Hon. Oeobge F. Edmunds, United States Senator fh)m the State of
Vermont, appeared before the Committee by reqaest and made the fol-
lowing statement:
I shall only occupy a very few minutes of your time, and probably it
is quite unnecessary, but I feel so much interest in this general question
that I do not wish to leave anything that I can say or do on the subject
unsaid or undone. The study that I have given to the matter for one
or two years has led me to two or three general conclusions, and those
only I shall state to you, and not go into any matters of detail or esti-
mate.
The first is, I am perfectly satisfied that Congress has the constitu-
tional power to do what is proposed, and in any of the forms that are
proposed under several constitutional heads— commerce, war, post-
ofSce, and I might add finance— on the same principle that the Supreme
Court held that the old national-bank law was constitutional, although
all that the Constitution said was that Congress might borrow money,
might have a Treasury Department, and might levy taxes, and there-
fore presumably Congress must have the power to provide tne means to
carry on the fiscal operations of the Government. If a bank was
thought by Congress to be wise for that purpose, it was constitutionaL
3
4 REMARKS OF HON. GEORGE F. ED3fT\\DS.
So that I think the constitutional question is beyond the range of &ir
dispute, and I do not wish to take any of your time upon tliat point.
The next question is one of public policy : Is it expedient for the inter-
ests of the people f On that point I only have to say that this Govern-
ment— ^national and State combined — was, as the Constitution says, insti-
tuted to promote the general welfare ; and the specific objects that are
named in the Constitution, and the particular one of promoting its
general welfare, point out clearly that Congress, within the scope of
the powers that are given to it, may do whatever appears to be for the
general welfare. Among that class of objects is the dissemination of
intelligence, the freest and most convenient means of intercommunica-
tion between citizens of the Republic and of every part of it. It was
on that principle that the Post-Office Department was provided to be
established. It was on that principle that Congress was given power,
rather than the several States, to regulate commerce among the several
States. It was on that principle that Congress was given power to coin
money and regulate the value thereof. I need not go on enumerating
things we all understand so well. Whatever is within the scope of the
objects that were given to the control of Congress, either independently
of the States or concurrently with them, all look, of course, to its gen-
eral welfare, which the preamble of the Constitution refers to — ^promot-
ing the happiness, the prosperity, and the intelligence of the people.
I, of course, need not spend a moment of time to convince you that
the telegraph in this age of the world is perhaps more essential to the
safety of the country in time of war or in time of peace, so far as it
respects its military establishment; to the welfare of the country, as it
respects Congress; to its happiness, as it respects instantaneous inter-
communication between citizens, relatives, and friends in distant parts
of the country on subjects of domestic solicitude, like sickness and
death, and every species of family intelligence. All that is too clear to
be more thar stated. So that the policy of providing within the Con-
stitution and according to it for this means of communication would
seem to me to be perfectly established.
The people who are engaged in telegraphic operations, just as the
people who have bc^n engaged in express and transportation opera-
tions, feel a natural solicitude, of course, that their business should not
be competed with by the exertion of any function on the part of the
United States. They argue to me that it is unjust to them that Con
gress should enter the field of what they call competition with private
business. But if I am right in what I have said respecting the inherent
constitutional power of Congress, and the inherent public policy of doing
this thing for the reasons that I have stated, then the argument of these
gentlemen engaged in that sort of business falls to the ground, because
they have known the Constitution of the Grovemment and the public
objects that it was bound to promote all the time, and that whenever
Congress saw fit to enlarge the postal establishment in order to facili-
tate its war and commercial and financial operations, to exert the powers
that belong to it by the Constitution, it must necessarily do so without
regard to the extent to which it would aflfect private interests in doing
the same things that Congress finally thinks it best to do itself, and
for the advantage of its own people. For instance, it misht have hap-
pened— and I am surprised, when I look back at the history of the
country, that it did not — that for the first twenty -five years of the ex-
istence of the Government all pos^office oi>erations were carried on by
private hands. I do not remember how late down in the progress of
affairs it was before Congress passed the act prohibiting the transporta-
REMARKS OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS. 5
•
tion of letters by private hands and compelling their transportation by
mail, but in the condition of the country at that time it would have
been perfectly natural that the transportation of such intelligence as
could be transported at that time in that way alone, by letters and
printed papers, should be carried on in many sections of the country at
private cost and as a private enterprise. Yet, I suppose that nobody
would contend that had it been so Congress would not have had the
power to take the matter into its own hand» whenever it considered it
wise to do so under the conditions of the country, and nobody would
have had any moral — and of course he would have had no legal — ground
of complaint that Congress had set up a pos^office establishment. So
that it does not appear to me that there is any just* ground for this
corporation — I will say corporation because it comes to that j there is
only one in the country amounting to anything, and, like Aaron's rod,
it swallows up all the other rods that appear on the surface of the
country — I say it does not appear to me that there is any juat ground
for this corporation to complain that Congress is doing something that
is iiyurious to its private interests, not the slightest; but if it did, it is
the natural consequence of carrying on the Government. It is within
the exercise of its just and intrinsic powers, and, of course, if we have
not those intrinsic powers that is the end of it. In exerting these in-
trinsic powers, if particular interests are, for the time being, itgured,
no one has any right to complain.
Then, in addition to that, it may be said that my proposition is not
to prohibit the transmission of telegraphic intelligence by any private
person or any corporation ; not to subject telegraph companies to the
same rule that is enforced against the transportation of letters by pri-
vate hands in the old and in the present law, I believe, bat to leave
them as they are established in the business, to go on and compete, and
carry on their operations exactly as they did before. But, putting it
in the narrowest business point of vie\^, the United States stand in no
diflerent attitude to them than would any other private corporation
that n)ight be incorporated to-morrow to set up a telegraph line any-
where or everywhere over the country. And, of course, the Western
Union Telegraph Company would never think of complaining of any
body of capitalists who should to-morrow procure an act of incorpora-
tion (as they can under the laws of unny of the States, without even
going to the legislature, under general laws which provide for the
formation of corporations), and build lines and carry on the telegraph
business, as has been done over and over again. And those usually
•the Western Union Company has bought out, or treated with, or pooled,
or something of that kind, but it has never complained that these new
companies were interfering^ with its rights. And clearly it could not
do so. So that, even in the naiTowest point of view, the United States
certainlj^ cannot be said to stand in any worse light, with respect to
engaging in this enterprise, than private persons would. The only
difference would be that, whereas the private company may be
*' squeezed'' by cutting rates, may be "frozen out," or bought up, or
pooled with so as to create an actual monoply, by which not only the
prices of intelligence, but what kind of intelligence, shall go, and
when it shall go, and under whose control, is made subject to one domi
nation — the only difference would be that whereas they can treat and
deal with rival companies, they cannot treat and pool with and cut
rates and run Congress out, and that is just where the rub really is, I
suppose. It seems to me, for the best interests of the country, that
any appliance with which its welfare is so intimately connected as is
4 REMARKS OF HON. GEORGE F. ED^fUXDS.
So that I think the constitotional qoestion is beyond the range of &ir
dispute, and I do not wish to take any of your time upon that point.
The next question is one of public policy : Is it expedient for the inter-
ests of the people f On that point I only have to say that this Groveni-
ment — ^national aod State combined — was, as the Constitution says, insti-
tuted to promote the general welfare ; and the specific objects tt^t are
named in the Constitution, and the particular one of promoting its
general welfare, point out clearly that Congress, within the scope of
the powers that are given to it, may do whatever appears to be for the
general wel&re. Among that class of objects is the dissemination of
intelligence, the freest and most convenient means of intercommunica-
tion t^tween citizens of the Republic and of every part of it^ It was
on that principle that the Post-Office Department was provided to be
established. It was on that principle that Congress was given power,
rather than the several States, to regulate commerce among the several
States. It was on that principle that Congress was given power to coin
money and regulate the value thereof. I nc^ not go on enumerating
things we all understand so welL Whatever is within the scope of the
objects that were given to the control of Congress, either independently
of the States or concurrently with them, all look, of course, to its gen-
eral welfare, which the preamble of the Constitution refers to — ^promot-
ing the happiness, the prosperity, and the intelligence of the people.
I, of course, need not spend a moment of time to convince you that
the telegraph in this age of the world is perhaps more essential to the
safety of the country in time of war or in time of peace, so far as it
respects its military establishment; to the welfare of the country, as it
respects Congress; to its happiness, as it respects instantaneous inter-
communication between citizens, relatives, and friends in distant parts
of the country on sabjects of domestic solicitude, like sickness and
death, and every species of family intelligence. All that is too clear to
be more thar stated. So that the i)olicy of providing within the Con-
stitution and according to it for this means of communication would
seem to me to be perfectly established.
The people who are engaged in telegraphic operations, just as the
people who have been engaged in express and transportation opera-
tions, feel a natural solicitude, of course, that their business should not
be competed with by the exertion of any function on the part of the
United States. They argue to me that it is unjust to them that Con
gress should enter the field of what they call competition with private
business. But if I am right in what I have said respecting the inherent
constitutional power of Congress, and the inherent public policy of doing
this thing for the reasons that I have stated, then the argument of these
gentlemen engaged in that sort of business falls to the ground, because
they have known the Constitution of the Grovemment and the public
objects that it was bound to promote all the time, and that whenever
Congress saw fit to enlarge the postal establishment in order to facili-
tate its war and commercial and financial operations, to exert the powers
that belong to it by the Constitution, it must necessarily do so without
regard to the extent to which it would affect private interests in doing
the same things that Congress finally thinks it best to do itself, and
for the advantage of its own people. For instance, it might have hap-
pened— and I am surprised, when I look back at the history of the
country, that it did not — that for the first twenty -five years of the ex-
istence of the Government all post-office operations were carried on by
private hands. I do not remember how late down in the progress of
affairs it was before Congress passed the act prohibiting the transporta-
REMARKS OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS. 5
•
tion of letters by private hands and compelling their transportation by
mail, but in the condition of the country at that time it would have
been perfectly natural that the transportation of such intelligence as
could be transported at that time in that way alone, by letters and
printed papers, should be carried on in many sections of the country at
private cost and as a private enterprise. Yet, I suppose that nobody
would contend that had it been so Congress would not have had the
power to take the matter into its own hand» whenever it considered it
wise to do so under the conditions of the country, and nobody would
have had any moral — and of course he would have had no legal — ground
of complaint that Congress had set up a post-office establishment. So
that it does not appear to me that there is any just' ground for this
corporation — I will say corporation because it comes to that; there is
only one in the country amounting to anything, and, like Aaron's rod,
it swallows up all the other rods that appear on the surface of the
country — I say it does not appear to me that there is any just ground
for this corporation to complain that Congress is doing something that
is iiyurious to its private interests, not the slightest; but if it did, it is
the natural consequence of carrying on the Government. It is within
the exercise of its just and intrinsic powers, and, of course, if we have
not those intrinsic powers that is the end of it. In exerting these in-
trinsic powers, if particular interests are, for the time being, irgured,
no one has any right to complain.
Then, in addition to that, it may be said that my proposition is not
to prohibit the transmission of telegraphic intelligence by any private
person or any corporation; not to subject telegraph companies to the
same, rule that is enforced against the transportation of letters by pri-
vate hands in the old and iu the present law, I believe, bat to leave
them as they are established in the business, to go on and compete, and
carry on their operations exactly as they did before. But, putting it
in the narrowest business x>oint of vie\^, the United States stand in no
difi'erent attitude to them than would any other private corporation
that n)ight be incorporated to-morrow to set up a telegraph line any-
where or everywhere over the country. And, of course, the Western
Union Telegraph Company would never think of complaining of any
body of capitalists who should to-morrow procure an act of incorpora-
tion (as they Ciin under the laws of m my of the States, without even
going to the legislature, under general laws which provide for the
formation of corporations), and build lines and carry on the telegraph
business, as has been done over and over again. And those usually
•the Western Union Company has bought out, or treated with, or pooled,
or something of that kind, but it has never complained that these new
companies were interferin*:: with its rights. And clearly it could not
do so. So that, even in the narrowest point of view, the United States
certainly cannot be said to stand in any worse light, with respect to
engaging in this enterprise, than private persons would. The only
difference would be that, whereas the private company may be
*' squeezed" by cutting rates, may be "frozen out," or bought up, or
pooled with so as to create an actual monoply, by which not only the
prices of intelligence, but what kind of intelligence, shall go, and
when it shall go, and under whose control, is made subject to one domi
nation — the only difference would be that whereas they can treat and
deal with rival companies, they cannot treat and pool with and cut
rates and run Congress out, and that is just where the rub really is, I
suppose. It seems to me, for the best interests of the country, that
any appliance with which its welfare is so intimately connected as is
4 REMARKS OP HON. GEORGE F. ED^IUNDS.
So that I think the constitational question is beyond the range of &ir
dispnte, and I do not wish to take any of your time upon that point.
The next question is one of public policy : Is it expedient for the inter-
ests of the people f On that point I only have to say that this Grovera-
ment — national and Statecombined — was, as the Constitution says, insti-
tuted to promote the general welfare ; and the specific objects that are
named in the Constitution, and the particular one of promoting its
general welfare, point out clearly that Congress, within the scope of
the powers that are given to it, may do whatever appears to be for the
general welfare. Among that class of objects is the dissemination of
intelligence, the freest and most convenient means of intercommunica-
tion t^tween citizens of the Republic and of every part of it^ It was
on that principle that the Post-Office Department was provided to be
established. It was on that principle that Congress was given power,
rather than the several States, to regulate commerce among the several
States. It was on that principle that Congress was given power to coin
money and regulate the value thereof. I need not go on enumerating
things we all understand so well. Whatever is within the scope of the
objects that were given to the control of Congress, either independently
of the States or concurrently with them, aU look, of course, to its gen-
eral welfare, which the preamble of the Constitution refers to — promot-
ing the happiness, the prosperity, and the intelligence of the people.
I, of course, need not spend a moment of time to convince you that
the telegraph in this age of the world is perhaps more essential to the
safety of the country in time of war or in time of peace, so far as it
respects its military establishment; to the welfare of the country, as it
respects Congress; to its happiness, as it respects instantaneous inter-
communication between citizens, relatives, and friends in distant parts
of the country on subjects of domestic solicitude, like sickness and
death, and every species of family intelligence. All that is too clear to
be more thar stated. So that the policy of providing within the Con-
stitution and according to it for this means of communication would
seem to me to be perfectly established.
The people who are engaged in telegraphic ox)erations, just as the
people who have bc^n engaged in express and transportation opera-
tions, feel a natural solicitude, of course, that their business should not
be competed with by the exertion of any function on the part of the
United States. They argue to me that it is unjust to them that Con
gress should enter the field of what they call comi>etition with private
business. But if I am right in what I have said respecting the inherent
constitutional power of Congress, and the inherent public policy of doing
this thing for the reasons that I have stated, then the argument of these
gentlemen engaged in that sort of business falls to the ground, because
they have known the Constitution of the Government and the public
objects that it was bound to promote all the time, and that whenever
Congress saw fit to enlarge the postal establishment in order to facili-
tate its war and commercial and financial operations, to exert the powers
that belong to it by the Constitution, it must necessarily do so without
regard to the extent to which it would affect private interests in doing
the same things that Congress finally thinks it best to do itself, and
for the advantage of its own people. For instance, it misht have hap-
pened— and I am surprised, when I look back at the history of the
country, that it did not — that for the first twenty-five years of the ex-
istence of the Government all post-office operations were carried on by
private hands. I do not remember how late down in the progress of
affairs it was before Congress passed the act prohibiting the transporta-
REMARKS OF HON. GKORGE F. EDMUNDS. 5
•
tion of letters by private hands and compelling their transportation by
mail, bat in the condition of the country at that time it would have
been perfectly natural that the transportation of such intelligence as
could be transported at that time in that way alone, by letters and
printed papers, should be carried on in many sections of the country at
private cost and as a private enterprise. Yet, I suppose that nobody
would contend that had it been so Congress would not have had the
power to take the matter into its own hands whenever it considered it
wise to do so under the conditions of the country, and nobody would
have had any moral — and of course he would have had no legal — ground
of complaint that Congress had set up a post-office establishment. So
that it does not appear to me that there is any just' ground for this
corporation — 1 will say corporation because it comes to that; there is
only one in the country amounting to anything, and, like Aaron's rod,
it swallows up all the other rods that appear on the surface of the
country — I say it does not appear to me that there is any just ground
for this corporation to complain that Congress is doing something that
is injurious to its private interests, not the slightest; but if it did, it is
the natural consequence of carrying on the Government. It is within
the exercise of its just and intrinsic powers, and, of course, if we have
not those intrinsic powers that is the end of it. In exerting these in-
trinsic powers, if particular interests are, for the time being, itgured,
no one has any right to complain.
Then, in addition to that, it may be said that my proposition is not
to prohibit the transmission of telegraphic intelligence by any private
person or any corporation; not to subject telegraph companies to the
same rule that is enforced against the transportation of letters by pri-
vate hands in the old and in the present law, I believe, bat to leave
them as they are established in the business, to go on and compete, and
carry on their operations exactly as they did before. But, patting it
in the narrowest business x>oint of vie\Y, the United States stand in no
difierent attitude to them than would any other private corporation
that might be incorporated to-morrow to set up a telegraph line any-
where or everywhere over the country. And, of course, the Western
Union Telegraph Company would never think of complaining of any
body of capitalists who should to-morrow procure an act of incorpora-
tion (as they can under the laws of m^ny of the States, without even
going to the legislature, under general laws which provide for the
formation of corporations), and build lines and carry on the telegraph
business, as has been done over and over again. And those usually
•the Western Union Company has bought out, or treated with, or pooled,
or something of that kind, but it has never complained that these new
companies were interfering with its rights. And clearly it could not
do so. So that, even in the narrowest point of view, the United States
certainly cannot be said to stand in any worse light, with respect to
engaging in this enterprise, than private persons would. The only
difference would be that, whereas the private company may be
*' squeezed'' by cutting rates, may be "frozen out," or bought up, or
pooled with so as to create an actual monoply, by which not only the
prices of intelligence, but what kind of intelligence, shall go, and
when it shall go, and under whose control, is made subject to one domi
nation — the only difference would be that whereas they can treat and
deal with rival companies, they cannot treat and i>ool with and cut
rates and run Congress out, and that is just where the rub really is, I
suppose. It seems to me, for the best interests of the country, that
any appliance with which its welfare is so intimately connected as is
4 REMARKS OP HON. GEORGE F. ED^irXDS.
So that I think the constitotional question is beyond the range of fair
dispnte, and I do not wish to take any of your time ux)on that point.
The next question is one of public policy : Is it expedient for the inter-
ests of the people f On that point I only have to say that this Govern-
ment— national and State combined — was, as the Constitution says, insti-
tuted to promote the general welfare ; and the specific objects that are
named in the Constitution, and the particular one of promoting its
general wel&re, point out clearly that Congress, within the scope of
the powers that are given to it, may do whatever appears to be for the
general wel&re. Among that class of objects is the dissemination of
intelligence, the freest and most convenient means of intercommunica-
tion t^tween citizens of the Republic and of every part of it. It was
on that principle that the Post-Office Department was provided to be
established. It was on that principle that Congress was given power,
rather than the several States, to regulate commerce among the several
States. It was on that principle that Congress was given power to coin
money and regulate the value thereof. I need not go on enumerating
things we all understand so weU. Whatever is within the scope of the
objects that were given to the control of Congress, either independently
of the States or concurrently with them, all look, of course, to its gen-
eral welfare, which the preamble of the Constitution refers to — promot-
ing the happiness, the prosperity, and the intelligence of the people.
I, of course, need not spend a moment of time to convince you that
the telegraph in this age of the world is perhaps more essential to the
safety of the country in time of war or in time of peace, so far as it
respects its military establishment; to the welfare of the country, as it
respects Congress; to its happiness, as it respects instantaneous inter-
communication between citizens, relatives, and friends in distant parts
of the country on subjects of domestic solicitude, like sickness and
death, and every species of family intelligence. All that is too clear to
be more thar stated. So that the policy of providing within the Con-
stitution and according to it for this means of communication would
seem to me to be perfectly established.
The people who are engaged in telegraphic operations, just as the
people who have been engaged in express and transportation opera-
tions, feel a natural solicitude, of course, that their business should not
be competed with by the exertion of any function on the part of the
United States. They argue to me that it is unjust to them that Con
gress should enter the field of what they call competition with private
business. But if I am right in what I have said respecting the inherent
constitutional power of Congress, and the inherent public policy of doing
this thing for the reasons that I have stated, then the argument of these
gentlemen engaged in that sort of business falls to the ground, because
they have known the Constitution of the Grovemment and the public
objects that it was bound to promote all the time, and that whenever
Congress saw fit to enlarge the postal establishment in order to facili-
tate its war and commercial and financial operations, to exert the powers
that belong to it by the Coostitution, it must necessarily do so without
regard to the extent to which it would affect private interests in doing
the same things that Congress finally thinks it best to do itself, and
for the advantage of its own people. For instance, it might have hap-
pened— and I am surprised, when I look back at the history of the
country, that it did not — that for the first twenty -five years of the ex-
istence of the Government all post-office operations were carried on by
private hands. I do not remember how late down in the progress of
affairs it was before Congress passed the act prohibiting the transporta-
REMARKS OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS. 5
tion of letters by private hands and compelling their transportation by
mail, but in the condition of the country at that time it would have
been perfectly natural that the transportation of such intelligence as
could be transported at that time in that way alone, by letters and
printed papers, should be carried on in many sections of the country at
private cost and as a private enterprise. Yet, I suppose that nobody
would contend that had it been so Congress would not have had the
power to take the matter into its own hand» whenever it considered it
wise to do so under the conditions of the country, and nobody would
have had any moral — and of course he would have had no legal — ground
of complaint that Congress had set up a po8^office establishment. So
that it does not appear to me that there is any just' ground for this
corporation — 1 will say corporation because it comes to that; there is
only one in the country amounting to anything, and, like Aaron's rod,
it swallows up all the other rods that appear on the surface of the
country — I say it does not appear to me that there is any just ground
for this corporation to complain that Congress is doing something that
is injurious to its private interests, not the slightest; but if it did, it is
the natural consequence of carrying on the Government. It is within
the exercise of its just and intrinsic powers, and, of course, if we have
not those intrinsic powers that is the end of it. In exerting these in-
trinsic powers, if particular interests are, for the time being, itgured,
no one has any right to complain.
Then, in addition to that, it may be said that my proposition is not
to prohibit the transmission of telegraphic intelligence by any private
person or any corporation ; not to subject telegraph companies to the
same rule that is enforced against the transportation of letters by pri-
vate hands in the old and in the present law, I believe, bat to leave
them as tbey are established in the business, to go on and compete, and
carry on their oi)erations exactly as they did before. But, putting it
in the narrowest busiue^^^s point of vie\^, the United States stand in no
diflerent attitude to them than would any other private corporation
that might be incorporated to-morrow to set up a telegraph line any-
where or everywhere over the country. And, of course, the Western
Union Telegraph Company would never think of complaining of any
body of capitalists who should to-morrow procure an act of incorpora-
tion (as they Ciin under the laws of uany of the States, without even
going to the legislatnre, under general laws which provide for the
formation of corporations), and build lines and carry on the telegraph
business, as has been done over and over again. And those usually
•the Western Union Company has bought out, or treated with, or pooled,
or something of that kind, but it has never complained that these new
companies were interfering^ with its rights. And clearly it could not
do so. So that, even in the narrowest point of view, the United States
certainly cannot be said to stand in any worse light, with respect to
engaging in this enterprise, than private persons would. The only
difference would be that, whereas the private company may be
*' squeezed" by cutting rates, may be "frozen out," or bought up, or
pooled with so as to create an actual monoply, by which not only the
prices of intelligence, but what kind of intelligence, shall go, and
when it shall go, and under whose control, is made subject to one donii
nation — the only difference would be that whereas they can treat and
deal with rival companies, they cannot treat and i>ool with and cut
rates and run Congress out, and that is just where the rub really is, I
suppose. It seems to me, for the best interests of the country, that
any appliance with which its welfare is so intimately connected as is
4 REMARKS OP HON. GEORGE F. ED^IUNDS,
So that I think the constitational qoestion is beyond the range of fair
dispate, and I do not wish to take any of yonr time upon that point.
The next question is one of public policy : Is it expedient for the inter-
ests of the people f On that point I only have to say that this Grovera-
ment — national and State combined — was, as the Constitution says^iusti-
tuted to promote the general welfare ; and the specific objects that are
named in the Constitution, and the particular one of promoting its
general welfare, point out clearly that Congress, within the scope of
the powers that are given to it, may do whatever appears to be for the
general welfare. Among that class of objects is tiie dissemination of
intelligence, the freest and most convenient means of intercommunica-
tion t^tween citizens of the Republic and of every part of it. It was
on that principle that the Post-Office Department was provided to be
established. It was on that principle that Congress was given power,
rather than the several States, to regulate commerce among the several
States. It was on that principle that Congress was given power to coin
money and regulate the value thereof. I need not go on enumerating
things we all understand so well. Whatever is within the scope of the
objects that were given to the control of Congress, either independently
of the States or concurrently with them, all look, of course, to its gen-
eral welfare, which the preamble of the Constitution refers to — ^promot-
ing the happiness, the prosperity, and the intelligence of the people.
I, of course, need not spend a moment of time to convince you that
the telegraph in this age of the world is i>erhaps more essential to the
safety of the country in time of war or in time of peace, so far as it
respects its military establishment; to the welfare of the country, as it
respects Congress; to its happiness, as it respects instantaneous inter-
communication between citizens, relatives, and friends in distant parts
of the country on subjects of domestic solicitude, like sickness and
death, and every species of family intelligence. All that is too clear to
be more thar stated. So that the i)olicy of providing within the Con-
stitution and according to it for this means of communication would
seem to me to be perfectly established.
The people who are engaged in telegraphic operations, just as the
people who have been engaged in express and transportation opera-
tions, feel a natural solicitude, of course, that their business should not
be competed with by the exertion of any function on the part of the
United States. They argue to me that it is unjust to them that Con
gress should enter the field of what they call competition with private
business. But if I am right in what I have said respecting the inherent
constitutional power of Congress, and the inherent public policy of doing
this thing for the reasons that I have stated, then the argument of these
gentlemen engaged in that sort of business falls to the ground, because
they have known the Constitution of the Government and the public
objects that it was bound to promote all the time, and that whenever
Congress saw fit to enlarge the postal establishment in order to facili-
tate its war and commercial and financial operations, to exert the powers
that belong to it by the Coostitution, it must necessarily do so without
regard to the extent to which it would affect private interests in doing
the same things that Congress finally thinks it best to do itself, and
for the advantage of its own people. For instance, it might have hap-
pened— and I am surprised, when I look back at the history of the
country, that it did not — that for the first twenty -five years of the ex-
istence of the Government all post-office operations were carried on by
private hands. I do not remember how late down in the progress of
affairs it was before Congress passed the act prohibiting the transporta-
REMARKS OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS. 5
•
tion of letters by private hands and compelling their transportation by
mail, but in the condition of the country at that time it would have
been perfectly natural that the transportation of such intelligence as
could be transported at that time in that way alone, by letters and
printed papers, should be carried on in many sections of the country at
private cost and as a private enterprise. Yet, I suppose that nobody
would contend that had it been so Congress would not have had the
power to take the matter into its own hand» whenever it considered it
wise to do so under the conditions of the country, and nobody would
have had any moral — and of course he would have had no legal — ground
of complaint that Congress had set up a post-office establishment. So
that it does not appear to me that there is any just' ground for this
corporation — I will say corporation because it comes to that; there is
only one in the country amounting to anything, and, like Aaron's rod,
it swallows up all the other rods that appear on the surface of the
country — I say it does not appear to me that there is any just ground
for this corporation to complain that Congress is doing something that
is injurious to its private interests, not the slightest; but if it did, it is
the natural consequence of carrying on the Government. It is within
the exercise of its just and intrinsic powers, and, of course, if we have
not those intrinsic powers that is the end of it. In exerting these in-
trinsic powers, if particular interests are, for the time being, itgured,
no one has any right to complain.
Then, in addition to that, it may be said that my proposition is not
to prohibit the transmission of telegraphic intelligence by any private
l)ersou or any corporation; not to subject telegraph companies to the
same rule that is enforced against the transportation of letters by pri-
vate hands in the old and in the present law, I believe, but to leave
them as they are established in the business, to go on and compete, and
carry on their operations exactly as they did before. But, putting it
in the narrowest business point of vie\Y, the United States stand in no
difl'erent attitude to them than would any other private corporation
that might be incorporated to-morrow to set up a telegraph line any-
where or everywhere over the country. And, of course, the Western
Union Telegraph Company would never think of complaining of any
body of capitalists who should to-morrow procure an act of incorpora-
tion (as they can under the laws of m^ny of the States, without even
going to the legislature, under general laws which provide for the
formation of corporations), and build lines and carry on the telegraph
business, as has been done over and over again. And those usually
•the Western Union Company has bought out, or treated with, or pooled,
or something of that kind, but it has never complained that these new
companies were interfering? with its rights. And cleiirly it could not
do so. So that, even in the narrowest point of view, the United States
certainly cannot be said to stand in any worse light, with respect to
engaging in this enterprise, than private persons would. The only
difference would be that, whereas the i)rivate company may be
*' squeezed" by cutting rates, may be "frozen out," or bought up, or
pooled with so as to create an actual monoply, by which not only the
prices of intelligence, but what kind of intelligence, shall go, and
when it shall go, and under whose control, is made subject to one domi
nation — the only difference would be that whereas they can treat and
deal with rival companies, they cannot treat and pool with and cut
rates and run Congress out, and that is just where the rub really is, I
suppose. It seems to me, for the best interests of the country, that
any appliance with which its welfare is so intimately connected as is
6 BEMARK8 OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS.
the iostaDtaneooB traii«inia8ioii of iDtelligence, shoold be snbject to no
censorship, to no corpomte will, to no qaestion of how it is going to
afTect stocks or the standing of corporations or of persons, bnt it sbonld
be free to all men as the post-office is, and, like the post-office, snbject
to no espionage. It is essential, I believe, at this time, to the interests
of the United States, and growing more and more so in connection
with great social questions and the aggregations of vast snms of money
under corporate power, that this governmental business should be
taken in hand by the Government on the constitutional principle
stated — should be undertaken independently, and subject to no con-
tracts or arrangements ^ith parties.
Then it appears to me that the wise and prudent way to accomplish
it would be to avail ourselves of whatever force of people in the pay of
the United States we are possessed of. We have a Ck>rps of Engineers
in the Army who are engaged in doing engineering and practical build-
ing work of various kinds in connection with rivers, harbors, forts, and
arsenals, levees, dikes, canals, locks, and the like, who are now employed
at the expense of the ITnited States, holding life places, and with ample
material in the way of skill, learning, honor, probity, intelligence, every-
thing that goes to make up a good administrative system of doing some-
thing on the face of the earth. If we were to provide for patting the
construction of these lines into the hands of the Engineer Corps we
should thereby make a great saving in point of economy in the expend-
iture of money, and at the same time have no jobbery in the way of
contracts, have no peculation of funds, for I am boupd to say for the
engineers that, through the whole history of the (Government, the percent-
age of money lost to the United States in the disbursement of public
moneys at the hands of the Engineer Corps of the War Department
has been smaller than in any other branch of the public service, and I
believe smaller, although I do not speak by the book as to that, than in
any branch of any public service of any country in the world. It al-
most never happens that any of these gentlemen who are in the Corps
of Engineers, charged with the disbursement of public funds, default
one cent.
Mr. Maxet. That is so ; and in the case of Paymaster Gratiot, taken
1o the Supreme Court, the question was only as to his commissions.
There was no defalcation.
Mr. Edmunds. So that my plan would be as one most suited under
all circumstances, as I have suggested in the bill that I had the honor
to introduce, and which is before you, to have a Board composed of ^
three heads of departments to establish four leading lines, trunk lines,*
just as if there was not a telegraph in the world at this time, and to
have the actual building carried on by the Corps of Engineers. We
begin just as we did the post-office in old times, to construct north and
south, east and west, some great arms or trunks, from which branches
may go from time to time as money shall be appropriated and as there
shall be use for the same.
Then I have thought it necessary (as 1 think you will all agree, if you
think it desirable to do anything) to provide, in as careful a manner as
I could, for the right to build these lines, that wherever there is private
property that has to be taken (for instance, running poles over a man's
land, or through the streets of a city), if they will not grant the right —
as of course all cities will in some way, there is no difficulty about that
— I have thought it necessary to provide for coercive measures, just as a
State would do if lauds were to be taken for a highway or a railroad, to
take what cannot be bought, under the force and form of law, so as not
BEK ARES OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS. 7
to have any blockade or injunctions on the part of anybody who may
be disposed to resist the carrying out of this system as an actaal fiEict.
So I have endeavored to provide in the ordinary way for the porchase
of rights of way and of material, subject to the approval of the Pres-
ident, so that the matter would be under a check as respects the paying
of extravagant prices, and so forth.
Then if the party whose property is taken thinks he has a claim beyond
what would be allowed to him, he has the right to sue the United States
in the Court of Claims, in the ordinary way, by petition, setting forth
his claims. That court will decide the matter, subject to appeal to the
Supreme Court of the United States. Then I provide that no refusal
or omission of the claimant to take his compensation, either for land
damages or telegraphic instruments, patent rights, anything that is
necessary in the proper working of the telegraph basiness, shall delay
the progress of the work, but the claunant may go to the Court of Claims,
get his damage allowed and get his money. That, I am sure, relieves
us of all constitutional difficulty.
All the courts have held that if you provide a tribunal in which the
claimant may get what he claims, if he will not take what has been
offered him — ^if the means are provided for paying him when the tribunal
decides the case, then you may go on with the work without waiting
for lawsuits to be decided. K it were otherwise, it would take an in-
definite and almost interminable time to decide the question. All that,
however, is merely technical and instrumental, so that it* we go into title
thing at all we may not be balked by blockades of injunctions.
The Chairman. In every case the amount of damage done by taking
property would be a question of fatct, I suppose t
Mr. Edmunds. Yes.
The Chairman. Is it a fair way to determine that, to send claimants
to the Court of Claims in Washington f
Mr. Edmunds. Yes.
The Chairman. Suppose the claimant happens to reside in Colorado,
and he claims damage to a certain extent, how will that be determined
by the Court of Claims heref
Mr. Edmunds. If the Secretary of War, with the approval of the
President of the United States, offers him a less sum than he thinks he
ought to have, then he i^ not bound to take it, bat be may apply to the
Court of Claims, who shall hear the case. The evidence in such a case
would all be in writing, and I am sure that the difference in expense
between such a hearing in the Court of Claims here and a hearing by
the district court of the United States for the district of Colorado would
be absolutely nily and I thought it would be more convenient and sys-
tematic if the whole matter were aggregated in one tribunal that is fair —
as we all agree that is — than to have the cases tried in local tribunals.
The Chairman. In such cases would not a man be entitled to a trial
by jury t
Mr. Edmunds. Oh, no. This class of cases are not those at common
law, where the Constitution requires trial by jury. It is a question of
public and political policy and concern, and it is perfectly legal if the
sovereign power provides a tribunal in the nature of a jadicial tribu-
nal {they generally provide commissioners, as you know, a tribunal
that is fair and impartial), where the parties can have an opportunity to
be heard. So that the constitutionality of providing for the Court of
Claims in such cases, or for the district judge or circuit judge, as a
court without the interveqtion of a jnry, is clear, I think.
S RKMAEM OF HON. OEOHOE F. EDMUHM.
ICr. WiLSOK. We had a difficulty of that kind in the Bock Island
case, away back in the rixtiea. The owners of parts of the island were
asking exorbitant prices, and we passed an act providing that the ma-
chinery of the two States of Dlinois and Iowa might be availed of in
order to effect the combination and determine the prices. That was
throngh commissioDers primarily, with the right of appeal to the court
hy either party in case either should not be satisfied with the finding of
the commission.
Mr. Edmunds. The rub will oome at the starting of these lines. After
the thing is once started we shall not have the least difficulty. Suppose
we start four trunk lines, making five thousand or ten thousand miles;
the only difficulty you will experience^! do not pretend to be much of
a prophet, but I am glad this is taken down — ^will be from resistance
brought by somebody at the instigation of the corporation that now has
control of the telegraph business. It will be their fight, and not the
fight of the parti^ar men that own the land, or the particular ma-
cbiuery necessary in operating the telegraph business. We lawyers
know perfectly well how all that is.
Mr. Maxet. We have in our State a law authorizing the appointment
of arbitrators, who may select an umpire, and they determine the
amount of damages. Suppose that somebody in interest wants to get
out an injunction. In such a case the corporation may deposit that
much money in the court, and the road may go on. If the party gets
more damages finally than the amount deposited, the corporation is
bound to pay it. If that much or less, then the party pays the costs of
his injunction. Is there any provision in your bill to meet a case like
that!
Mr. Edmunds. Yes, except as to the costs. The provision I make is
based upon the law of most or all the New England States rolative to
common roads and railroads. It is this: If anybody claims damages,
the Secretary of War, with the approval of the President, is to offer
these gentlemen what he considers just compensation for carrying the
I)oles, for illustration, a mile across their lands. If they take it, of
course that ends the matter. But if they refuse it, then they are au-
thorized to file their petitions in the court of claims and have the matter
adjudicated there. The bill also provides, just as Congress has pro-
vided for all judgments of the Court of Claims, that the money neces-
sary to pay judgments of the Court of Claims — with the right of appeal
to the Supreme Court of the United States, so as to guard against ac-
cidents and errors, of course — is appropriated. Then my bill provides
further, that no refusal or omission — the word "omission^ has been left
out by a clerical mistake ; I have marked it in in my copy — ^to take the
sum that is otfered to him shall impede, or delay, or hinder the progress
of the work, because, under the constitutional provision of giving him
just compensation through an impartial tribunal, he is entitled to the
money the moment the question is settled.
The Chairman. This appeal to the Supreme Court is open to either
party!
Mr. Edmunds. Yes; to either party.
The Chairman. But there would never be anything to appeal from
except questions of fact,would there!
Mr. Edmunds. Yes; there might be. It very often happens in the
adjudication of questions of damage that the principal question is
whether the claimant ha^ any legal right, or what is the nature of his
right, to the property in respect of which he claims, or whether what is
done to him is in point of law a damage; as, for instance, by the ordi-
REMARKS OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS. 9
nary laws every landowner adjoining a pablic way is supposed to own
the soil to the middle of that way, and if he owns on both sides, then he
is supposed to own the fee to the whole road, and the pablic only have
the right of passage. The question of law has often arisen as to whether
the mere act of going over a road with a new species of conveyance is
such an infringement of the rights of property as to entitle the owner
of the land to more pay than for the original purchase. All these ques-
tions depeud on circumstauces, so that it would be really like appeals
in equity to the Supreme Court of the United States, depending upon
the particular phase of the question, as to whether it wa^ law or fact, or
what sort of error had been committed in the Court of Claims.
The Chairman. There is one objection to taking an appeal to the
Supreme Court of the United States — that it would take a very long
time to get a decisioli, and the claimant would consequently have to
wait a long time.
Mr. Wilson. There would be a tender made at the beginning.
Mr. Edmunds. For one, I should be quite willing, for an object like
that, to vote to provide that all appeals of this character should take
precedence in the Supreme Court, so that they could be carried through
very fast.
The Chairman. I do not know that we will ever have to take any
private property. In towns and in the country the Hues would pass
over highway^, and I doubt very much whether you would ever have to
take the lines across a piece of private property.
Mr. Edmunds. The tug will come in the first six months, probably,
with injunctions all over the country as fast as the Government tries to
do anything. There will be efforts made to break it down, ostensibly
by the owners of private property, but really by the corporation that
wishes to prevent it. The moment that fight is once done with, if you
get three hundred thousand miles of line over all the post-roads in the
United States, it will not happen once a year that any dispute will go
to the Court of Claims in regard to compensation.
The Chairman. It seems to me that we would give the people of the
country a cheap telegraph service much sooner and that we would give
them a much cheaper telegraph service by ultimately purchasing exist-
ing lines. If the Government does it at all it should do all the busi-
ness, because it can do it at smaller charge. At first the companies
would refuse to sell their lines for anything th^t we would give them ; but
as soon as they fin<l the Government lines a fixed fact they would be
ready to sell at any fair and reasonable price, at, say, what it would
cost to build new lines or upon some such basis. So far as the neces-
sity of i)rohibitiug competition against the Government is concerned, it
seems to me that competition would not long exist, any more than it
does in the Post-Ofiice.
Mr. Edmunds. My answer to that is, first, that I agree with you en-
tirely if we could purchase to-day all the telegraph lines in the country,
even with the embarrassment of rival lines built and bought up, of
buying a great deal of property that is quite unnecessary, at a fair and
just price, the value of the property as a thing — not measured by the
aniount of profit that the owner could make out of it in twenty years,
which is not the measure when a State takes i)rivate pro])erty, but the
just price of a thing, for we are not buying a patent right or anything
that is a monopoly. If we could buy this property at the value that it
has as a thing on the surface of the earth, and that is the price at which
you can get another exactly such a thing, then it would be an excellent
thing to do, and the easiest wa^', even with^the embarrassments and
10 REMARKS OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS.
Dniftances of a great many doable lines and ^aste; but that is a mere
fraction. How is it to be done! Either by the consent of the com-
pany or by condemnation. If yoa provide for condemnation, yon have
to take them all, and yon have to take them at a valnation made by some-
body. And I confess that I do not know any tribunal to which, as a repre-
sentative of the taxpayers of the United States, I shonld be willing to
tmst that appraisement If yon do not wish to put your foot in blindly
and pay for this property iu a Inmp, then your only other alternative
in respect to dealing with it is to purchase by consent. If you provide
for that and stop there, then you will not purchase at all. On the
other hand, if you begin with a few thousand miles of great trunk lines,
from which branches must radiate in time, so that nothing is lost; if
you get it started so that these gentlemen see that the thing is estab-
lished, that yon can carry on a postal-telegraph business, and that you
are iu earnest, then they will be willing to make fair terms and sell
their lines at reasonable prices.
I should be willing, I think, when we get started, to confide to the
President of the United States and the seven heads of Departments
(that is the best thing I can think of at this moment) the discretion of
negotiating with these people for the purchase of their lines on terms
of their actual v^ue, measured by what it would cost to build them all
over anew, and the value of their patent rights, such as are necessary.
I would deal with them justly and uprightly, and liberally even. Hav-
ing gone the distance I have already spoken of, in having five or ten
thousand miles in operation in the United States, and the policy fixed,
of going on, I think I should be wiljing to say that whatever sum the
I'resident and Cabinet agreed upon and reported in writing to the Sec-
retary of the Treasury (the report to be signed by the President and
all his Cabinet, in the face of the people of the United States) and that
sum reported to Congress, we would pay. But in my belief it is use-
less to go forward a foot in dealing with these companies in the way of
purchasiug existing lines, if you leave it as a matter of purchase. If
you leave it to coercion, then yon must take the whole, and I do not
know of any tribunal, in the present state of things, that I should be
willing to trust to fix the price. But if we start the thing, and in a
way that will not be Jiuy loss to us when we do buy, if they are willing
to sell — ^for these great trunk lines are arteries where the circulation is
increasing more and more all the time, so that you can hardly have too
many lines in a few years on these great trunks — we shall then be in a
condition to deal with them and they will be in a condition to deal with
us. Their present feeling, I am sure — and which has existed for several
years, as I have known from having heard the subject discussed — is
exactly that which the Pacific Railroad occupied six or eight years ago:
that it is totally impossible to get a bill through Congress to provide
for a postal telegraph. They do not mean to let you do it, and they do
not expect you are going to do it. They think they have got their hand
on the throttle so that it is imx)ossible for Congress to move without
their consent. But I wish the experiment tried. We tried it with the
Pacific railroads and were beaten to death for the first three or four
years, and I do not know but we shall be now. But the way to do is
to begin.
I remember that when Mr. Boutwell was Secretary of the Treasury
and the Pacific Railroad interest was accumulating, I offered an amend-
ment to an appropriation bill, which all agreed was perfectly legitimate
under our rules, and there was no point of order made, to have Mr.
Boutwell hold up paying out any more money of the United States to
REMARKS OF HON OEORQE F. EDMUNDS. 11
those compaDies for transportation antil it could be looked into. We
had a debate, and I was laughed at; and on the yeas and nays I got
only a very small minority to vote with me. The next session, or the
next session but one — there having occurred in the meantime what is
called the Credit Mobilier investigation, which did not touch this ques-
tion, however, but which only showed that there had been wrong going
on, more or less — I offered substantially the same amendment, and on
the yeas and nays a great majority voted for it.
These gentlemen have the same feeling that the railroad people had.
They have a right to have it, in one sense; and, if they think they are
stronger than the public interests and people, they have a right to
blockade it if they can by fair and honest methods.
Mr. M AXEY. Have you made any estimate of the number of employ^
that would be necessary when the postal telegraph system, according
to your views, is put on its feet for, say, three hundred thousand miles,
the present number of miles of postal service we have!
Mr. Edmunds. I have only made an estimate proportionately. My
conclusion is (from having seen the English and French postal tele-
graph operations, and from having seen how a great many of these
small existing telegraph ofSces are worked), that it will not increase the
present number of employes at the most by more than one-third, tak-
ing the great cities and great and smM ofSces together ; for the reason
that because all the small lines give but comparatively little business,
and in rural districts it will happen at the post-ofSce, just as it now
happens at the railroad stations and at the private telegraph ofSces all
over the country, that some person connected with the railroad depot
(the sou of the freight agent, or the station' master himself, or his
daughter) is telegraph operator, is paid on a commission, on the very same
theory that we pay our small ofSce postmasters. So that in the great
mass of post-ofSces all over the country, with the increase of telegraphy
and the number of people who should take that up, young women, and
everybody wanting something to do, it will happen as a fact that in the
family of the postmaster there will be some one who will do the telegraph-
ing|i.nd will be paid in the same way that you now pay for the trans-
mittal of letter intelligence. I dislike to increase the patronage, but
we must carry on the Oovemment, and I have provided, with a sincere
faith that it is the best way, that this question of the employment of
operators shall be entirely taken out of any political channel; that
these people shall be examined on the principles of the civil service
commissioners' law, without any respect to their politics or their reli-
gion, but in respect only to their fitness and capacity to perform the
duty. And being examined, they shall be employed and hold ofice on
the same theory'.
The Chairman. In regard to purchasing existing lines, I want to ask
as to the discretion in the matter to buy existing fines at prices not to
exceed the actual cost of constructing lines, or a certain percentage
over, if you please to give it, whether it would not be safe to trust that
in the hands of certain oflScials of the (rovemment, to be designated
in the bill — the Postmaster-General or somebody else. I am satisfied
that if the Western Union Telegraph Company became convinced that
wo were going to build an independent system, they would be ready to
sell at once.
Mr. Saulsbuht. I will venture to say that they will not sell at the
cost of construction, because, even with the existence of a postal tele-
graph, they can still make a good percentage upon th^ actual cost of
their construction.
1^2 RKMARKfl OF HON. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS.
Mr. EDHUTa)S. I think it much better for public interests, and mach
better for justice and fair play towards this existing business — ^which is
only to be driven out of existence, if it is to be at all, which I doubt, for
a great many years; it may wind up in the end, and probably will — ^to
provide for going on independently at first. We shouid spend what is
necessary at first for these trunk lines only. Nobody would propose to
put up thirty million dol'ars, or whatever it may be,* in one lump, to go
on indefinitely with construction; but, like all other matters. Congress
must have its hand on the purse every year. I think that is a pretty
good rule in carrying on the Government, so that in the course of a
year or two after we have started this thing we shall be able to deal
with these people on safe and just terms. For I agree with Mr. Sauls-
bury that it would be extremely unsafe to authorize the purchase of
these existing lines for the cost of their construction.
The Chairman. By cost of construction I mean what it would cost
to build another line of the same capacity.
Mr. Edmunds. That would be practically useless at present, and it
might result, with influences that might be brought to bear on those to
whom we should intrust this, in delay in the commencement of opera-
tions until a Congress or two had come and gone, on account of pro-
tracted negotiations. In whatever way we might try to buy I believe
it would bring a blockade, unless we take the property by condemna-
tion (and that is too much of a risk, I think, though I think I should be
willing to run that), or go on and open up the beginning of this system
by what is clearly within our reach, and then the policy being such, and
the fact that it is going on, would put these people in a condition to
deal with the United States upon principles of business, fairness, and
patriotism.
The Chairman. One other question, and that is, whether the Qov-
erumeut proposes to use patents. For instance, if we should deem it
necessary to have the telephone in connection with the telegraph, would
you deal with the owners of such an important patent the same as with
the owners of telegraph property t
Mr. Edmunds. Precisely. My bill contains one provision for exactly
that thing. t
The Chairman. Would not that be very severe, for instance, on the
telephone companies, to take their patents and use them without hav-
ing first determined what they were worth, and leaving the courts to
determine what we would pay I
Mr. Edmunds. It is subject to exactly the same principles as every
other species of property, and Congress would undoubtedly have the
right to deal with it in the same manner — by a judicial determination
of value ; and especially would that be so with respect to a patent
which only exists by the permission of the Government, whereas the
right of ordinary property is a natural right. But no man has any
natural right in a patent, which only exists by force of conventional
law.
I am much obliged to you, gentlemen of the committee, for your kind
attention, and regret that I have occupied your time so long.
\ .
STATEMENT
OF
NOBVDT OBEEH. PRESIDENT OF THE WESTEBH UVIOH TELE
OBAPH COMPANT.
Thursday^ January 31, 1884.
NoBYiN Obebn, president of the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, came before the committee and made the following statement :
Mr. Peesident and Senators of the Committee : While I am
greatly obliged for the courtesy granted of a hearing before yon, there
is probably little more that I desire to say than what I have written
and submitted to yon from time to time, especially in my last statement,
of which I sent each of yon a copy, but not formally addressed to the
committee. I trust it wUl be regarded as a statement submitted to the
committee.
The reason I desired a hearing was that we might be heard by coun-
sel. There are great principles of written and unwritten law underly-
ing this question— of the duties of the Government towards its citizens,
the powers of the Oovemment in the premises, and of how far the Oov-
emment is committed under the act of 1866, in regard to which so great
an interest as that I represent, I think, should be heard by counsel.
We have retained Mr. William M. Evarts, who promised me to try to
be here to-day, but is not. He is engaged in a very large case. He
says:
I telegraphed chairman that I cannot be there to-morrow, bat can attend next week,
at convenience of conmiittee, after Monday.
I trust, therefore, the committee will extend to our company, which
has a veiy large interest involved, the courtesy of a hearing by counsel
upon the subject generally, and especially, as I said, upon the written
and unwritten law of the subject.
It is a very large question, Mr. Chairman and Senators, involving no
less than $100,000,000 of property. I have not conferred with the other
telegraphinterests of the country, but I assume that they do not want
13
14 STATEMENT OF NORVIN GREEN.
the value of their property destroyed any more than we do. I have out-
lined onr general view of the subject. We do not want to seU our prop-
erty ; we prefer to go on with it If, however, the Government must
go into the telegraph business we think all the equities of the case re-
quire that they should take existing properties at a fair valuation. We
think we had a right to expect that that would be the course of the
Government by the language of the act of 1866.
Whether it directly commits the Government to that course of policy
or not, certainly the telegraph interests of the country had a right to
expect it. It was there stipulated with the comi>anies accepting the
provisions of that agreement that the (rovernment should have the right
at any time after five years of taking their properties at a fair valua-
tion, to be ascertained by an arbitration of five persons, two to be ap-
pointed by the company, two by the Government, and the four to choose
a fifth. That was a fair way to make the appraisement. It is a method
frequently adopted between persons and corporations. It is a method
recognized under the laws of most of the States. And certainly five
men can be found whose character and disinterestedness would be above
suspicion.
But I do not propose to pursue that subject. I propose to leave that
to abler hands, as also the question of the power of Congress in the
premises, which I have treated somewhat in my paper submitted to the
committee, and originally in the North American Beview. But not
being educated to the law, I think it is not doing justice to the gre^t
interests I represent to trust this consideration to any treatment that
I am able to give it. I propose, therefore, in these remarks, to confine
myself to the question of policy, as to whether it is worth wnile for the
Government to take the telegraphs at all.
I assume that, under the genius and fundamental principles of our
Government, it is the true policy to do nothing by governmental agencies
that can be as well done by private enterprise. The suggestion of the
Government taking the telegraphs, naturally comes from the fact that
European Governments have taken charge of the telegraphs. In most
of them — though probably England is an exception— the taking of the
telegraphs was from this consideration : for the protection and security
of the Government. It was in order to prevent freedom of communica-
tion between plotters against the Government. It was in order to have
a knowledge of what was going on and protecting the powers that be.
In this country we have no &>vemment in that sense. We have a
temporary administration of the Government. But the people govern,
and it is not fair or proper that that temporary administration shoula
have the advantages which are deemed necessary to crowned heads who
sit uneasy upon their thrones, who are afiraid of plotters against them.
Unless, therefore, there is something essentially and inherently defect-
ive in the service rendered, there seems to be no reason why the Gov-
ernment should consider the subject of taking possession of the tele-
graphs.
Let us examine the facts. Those of us who have passed three-score
years have seen more progress made in the last fifty years in the appli-
cation of science to useful and progressive arts than has been made in
five hundred years before. Prominently amongst them are the railroads
and telegraphs in this country, pushed in almost every instance in ad-
vance of their needs. The railroads have been pushed westward, as
you know, and many of them languished for years, have gone into the
hands of receivers, passed into new proprietorships, because they were
built by enterprising capital in advance of any absolute need. The tele-
STATEMENT OF NORVIN QREEN. 15
•
graphs in earliest times were the same way. Tbree-fonrths of the early
projected telegraphs from 1845 to 1854 passed from the XK)ssessiOD of
the original projectors into new hands, and the original capital invested
in them was absolutely sunk. Those daring enterprises were projected
on the faith of the action of the Government — Mr. Hubbard has given
more attention than I have to this matter and is probably more familiar
with it — in 1845 or 1846, when Professor Morse and his associates offered
his patent to the Government at it« own price.
Mr. Gardner G. Hubbard. In 1843, 1 think.
Mr. Green. I think it was later than that. It was while Gave John-
son was in the Cabinet as Postmaster-General ; I think it was in 1845
or 1846. He did not come in until Polk's administration. The subject
was referred to the Postmaster-General, and on his adverse report Con-
gress declined to entertain it at all.
Mr. Hubbard. Against selling it f
Mr. Green. Yes, against the Government taking it.
Mr. Hubbard, ^ot against the Government taking it.
Mr. Green. It is not very creditable to his sagacity, but the Post-
master-General at that time thought the telegraphs would never amount
to a row of pins.
Mr. Egbert B. Lines. Did he not change his opinion subsequently!
Mr. Green. Subsequently, perhaps.
Mr. Lines. He was subsequently very strongly in favor of Govern-
ment telegraphs.
Mr. Green. On the faith of that decision private capital was largely
invested in telegraphs, and that interest was most daringly and reck-
lessly pushed, as it has been pushed ever since. Under private enter-
prise we have a larger proportion of telegraphic facilities to population
than any country of Europe. We have a better service than in any
country of Europe. We have a cheaper service than in any country of
Europe. And I am prepared to substantiate that by any course of in-
vestigation. We are now sending for the 25cent rate, about equivalent
to the shilling rate of England, ovei^ a larger area than Great Britain.
Within that area are a large amount of lOcent rates and a large amount
of 15-cent rates. It is true our messages are ten words, but the date,
address, and signature are free, and it would not be a difficult matter
to show you a very ordinary current case ^ here date, address, and sig-
nature would be more than twenty words of themselves.
The Chairman (Mr. Hill). That is also true in England, I believe.
Mr. Green. I presume it occasionally is. Our 13,000 offices, to a
population of 52,000,000 would be one office to every 4,000 inhabitants.
I have before me a carefully prepared statistical paper by Mr. Grant,
a man of plodding energy at digging out things. My company has no
responsibility for it, but I believe it is substantially correct. In that I
do not see any country, certainly any whole country, that has anything
like equal facilities with ours, either in number of offices, miles of wire,
or miles of line proportionate to population. There is only one country
that has a higher percentage of telegraph business in proportion to the
population, and that is Switzerland, which has about 95 per cent, of mes-
sages to population against about 90 per cent. here. That is a little
country with 2,000,000 of population, that might better be compared to
New York than to the United States, and as compared with New York
it would be beaten three or four to one.
In the growth and extension of the telegraph business it has doubled
itself every five or six years, in number of messages it has doubled
about every six and a half years. In miles of wire it has doubled about
16 STATEMENT OF NORVIX GREEN.
•
every six years, and in lines and poles about every seven years. In this
rapid progress and increase there have been a great many lines pur-
chased— consolidations as yon call them — properties taken up, extend-
ing in both length and breadth, duplicating our systems. That is one
thing that has possibly created some feeling, and it has been said that
it has resulted in increased rates. That is not true, except in a solitary
instance of the war of rates with the Atlantic and Pacific, at the time
that company made a dri\ e at the Western Union Company and reduced
the rate to 25 cents east of the Mississippi River, which was, for the
greater part a losing rate, and which caused the Western Union Com-
pany to pass a dividend. After the taking up of that line the rates were
increased to those competing offices, but not nearly so much as they were
before. For instance, before that comi>etition began, the rate from New
York to Chicago and Saint Louis, was $1 ; it was increased to 50 cents
from 25, and is 50 cents now. At the same time there were five offices
reduced to one increase. There was a pretty high rate maintained to
side offices and branch offices where the competition had not reached,
and they were re<luced to make some sort of harmony and equalization
with the other rates. So that, while it did not affect as much business,
there were really five redactions made to one increase in that case. In
every other instance of the absorption of an opposition line, there has
been a decrease of rates. Reduction of rates has followed every instance.
After taking up the A&erican Union we went through the States of
New York, Pennsylvania, and New England, and made very sweeping
reductions. After taking up the Mutual Union last summer we made
further reductions, making a uniform rate of 25 cents all over New Eng-
land, a uniform rate of 25 cents throughout the State of New York, a
uniform rate of 25 cents throughout the States of Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and Maryland, and a uniform rate of 25 cents between New
York City and all points in New England, all points in New York, and
all points in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Washington City. Within
that area, however, there were still some 15 cent rates. With the oil
regions we have had for three or four years a rate of 10 cents between
the oil exchange in New York and the other oil exchanges in the oil
regions. That 10 cent rate involves no deliver>' and no enveloping. It
is a simple communication between two exchanges, the sender and ad-
dressee both being on the floor, and it saves a very large amount of ex-
pense.
That brings me to notice certain bills in which my friend Mr. Hub-
bard is interested, I believe, proposing to do business for the Govern-
ment at a rate of 25 cents within 500 miles, 50 cents between 500 and
1,000, and 75 cents for distances above 1,000, the Government receiving
and delivering the messages, and furnishing office room. Why, we are
doing business for less than that, and receiving and delivering our own
messages, furnishing our own offices, and taking all responsibility. If
the Government would open that measure to competition, I think we
could beat that a good deal.
Under the act of 1866, we agreed, by accepting the provisions of that
act, to do the Government business at such rates as might, from time
to time, be fixed by the Postmaster-General. The rate so fixed for two
and one half years has been one cent a word for each circuit of 500
miles or less. So that we are doing^a large amount of business for the
Government continually, at the rate of 20 cents for 20 words for 500
miles, and we receive the messages at our own offices, for which we
pay our own rents, and deliver the messages in our own envelopes^ and
by our own messenger boys.
STATEMENT OF NORVIN GREEN. 17
Senator Satjlsbuby. What is the amoant of money paid to yoor com-
pany for transmission of messages for the Government f
Mr. Obeen. That question has been asked by the Postmaster-Oen-
eral, and it is very difficult to answer. The (rovemment pays as under
contract for the signal service reports in regard to the weather from
$80,000 to $100,000 per year. The military service of the Government
is wide spread, as you luiow, as is also the nairal service. It would be
a matter of great labor to ascertain what it all amounts to. The Gov-
ernment has its military Stations on the western frontier and the naval
stations along the coast. We could easily ascertain what is done from
this city. Most of the Government telegrams go from Washington, so
that it might be ascertained through the office in this city what those
telegrams and the answers thereto have realized to the company. But
it is not a large service aside from the signal service. Aside from the
$80,000 or $100,000 a year paid us on that account, there probably would
not be more than $25,000 or $30,000 a year. It is very much scattered,
and it is almost impossible to tell exactly what it would be. ^
When I went into the telegraph business^ in 1854, 1 leased and
subsequently bought out two lines from Louisville to New Orleans
that were utterly broken down. There had been $2,500,000 expended
on them. There was some $16,000 or $18,000 worth of stock in the two
companies, and they could not get credit for a horse and buggy any-
where on the line to go out and put up a wire. They held a meet-
ing oi the stockholders and agreed to sell or lease out the lines for
payment of the debts, and the proceeds never did quite pay the debts.
When I went into tnat company a message from New York to New
Orleans had to pass over the Imes of five different companies, and
nobody ever thought of getting an answer the same day. The mes-
sages went down one dayj they got down during the night. Ours
was known as the Owl Line, because we had to send all the mes-
sages during the night in order to get them there. The next day
answers would come back, and they generally got to New York at
night, so that it was usually the second day in New York before they
got answers. I have before me a tariff book of 1869, which has been
sent me. Oonsolidations have been going on all the time, but the
largest consolidation — t^ consolidation — took place in 1866, when the
American Telegraph Company and the United States Company were
absorbed by the Western Union. There was no change in the rates
until 1869, at which time the rate from New York to New Orleans was
$3.25. It is now 75 cents. It would be very tedious io go through this
tariff book, but it shows the amount paid to our line and the amount
paid to other lines. As, for instance, to Adams, Minesota, the price to
the Western Union was $2 for the ten words, and 13 cents tor each ad-
ditional word, while to the a<^acent lines to extend a message the ad-
ditional rate was $1.20 for ten words and 7 cents for each additional
word from Milwaukee or Chicago. To Albany, N. Y., we got 26 cents
and 2 cents, while 75 cents were paid to additional lines ; and so on.
There are several thousand offices here, showing additional lines.
What I want to impress upon you is — and I am sorry that I have not
time to show you more examples — that every absorption of a telegraph
line has succeeded in a material reduction of rates to some places.
Senator Wilson. Can you state what was the average result of con-
solidation t You say that it resulted in a reduction to some places.
Mr. Green. It resulted in reduction everywhere, but in very large
reductions to some places^ as, for instance, when we were absorbing the
Northwestern Company in Minnesota, their rate was almost entirely
S. Bep. 577, pt.
18 STATEMENT OF NORVHT GREEN.
wiped oat when the Weston UDion sqoare ntes exteoded to their ter-
ritory. Not loDg ago we extended our linee to Hot Springs in Arkansas,
and wiped oat a 50<ent rate from Little Bock. We did not charge anj
more to Hot Springs than to Little Bock. Only last year we took ap
some lines in the Catskills to snndiy wtaering places, ^ey had charged
a separate rate of 25 or ^ cents per message in addition to oar rate.
We took them np, bnt did not charge an additional cent. Oar rates to
all points in New York are 25 cents. There are still, even in the State
of New York, a half dozen little independent lines that we have not
been able to take. If we coald get ^em at reasonable prices, their
rate woald be entirely wiped ont. There are some np in the Adiron-
dack region and at varioas watering places. There is one place of
some considerable sice where they have springs, in the central part of
the State — I cannot call the name of it — ^that has a telegraphic line some
30 miles long from the New York Central Bailtoad, over which they
charge a separate rate jast as high as oars. Then there is the case q(
the Pensacola Telegraph, which I qnoted in my article in the Beview.
That company tried nnder the laws of the State of Florida to maintain
its esclasive right to its telegraph lines in two counties of Florida. It
had a line aboat 40 miles long form Pensacola to Pollard, on which th^
charged a $1 rate. Oar rate was continaoasly and steadily reduced
year by year antil it came to pass that onr rate from New York to Pol-
lard was 75 cents, the distance being aboat 1,800 mUes, while their rate
for 40 miles was $1. We extended oar line to Pensacola and wiped oat
their rate entirely. Thereapon arose the litigation which came to the
Supreme Conrt of the United States, Mid that court sustained the act
of 1866 as a proper regulation of the telegraph as a part of the cchu-
meroe of the country.
I assert, therefore, that instead of increased rates resulting fit>m con-
solidation, with the single exception of the Atlantic and Pacific, it has
resulted in a reduced rate, and to very many places in a very largely
reduced rate, wiping out the rate of the other company entirdy. It
has also resulted in a greatly improved service. The rdaying of tele-
grams and transferring them fi^m one line to another neoessanly re-
sults in great delay. The unification of the lines, therefore, always re-
sults in an improved service.
On all these subjects I testified quite at length before a subcommit-
tee of the United States Senate Committed on Labor^ and made some
exhibits that the tiine allowed me here will not permit to be renewed,
but which I will be very glad to have the members of the conunittee
look over at their con veni^ice.
Senator Maxby. I would like to ask you one or two questions, if it
does not interrupt yout
Mr. Oreen. Not at alL
Senator Maxey. First, suppose the Government should establish a
postal telegraph system with a dozen lines, but without prohibition upon
private companies ; what would be the probable effect t
Mr. Obeen. The probable efiect would be that the Government
would establish a losing rate which would destroy the value of our
property. I can illustrate it in this way: When Commodore Van-
derbilt started a line of steamers on the Hudson Biver from New
York to Albany, charging only a rate of 25 cents, mid finally car-
rying passengers for nothing, in order to break down the revenues
of the opposition, and compelled t^e opposition to sell their steamers
at low prices, there was a general outcry amongst the commercial
community that it was piracy. It is true he did m>t run his steamers
STATEMENT OP NOBVIN GREEN. 19
into the opposition line and sink them, but he snnk their revenae.
and it amounted to very mach the same thing. If legislation were to
establish an opposition telegraph to the company it would do the busi-
ness at a losing rate; it might not continue ; it might rally by and by,
but undoubtedly they woidd do the business at a losing rate. The
postal business has been conducted at a losing rate from time to time,
very often with large deficits. The telegraph service in England has
been performed at a losing rate for a long time, and last year they
would have had a big loss except for a charge of £19,000 sterling for
service in transmitting Gk>vemment messages. That brought them up
to about £400,000. But for that charge of £19,000 their rate would
have been immensely losing.
Then there is another matter that suggests itself, and that is that
the undertaking is. a very much larger one than this committee con-
ceives.
Senator Maxey. I was going to ask another question that would
probably bring that out I had better ask it now, and then you can
discuss both together : Should the Government establish such a system
(indicated by t£e first question) over its own lines, what would be tilie
approximate number of employ^ in the United States, taking as a.basis
the present development in private companies t What would be the
probable annual increase of employes t
Mr. Green. I have touched upon that in this paper to the commit-
tee. The number of employes in the present telegraph system is very
^fficnlt to ascertain. Under our contracts with railroad companies, oat
of 13,000 offices, about 9,000 offices are open for the public for commer-
cial business and social messages. Over 9,000 offices are maintained by
the railroad companies, and the employes are theemployteof therailroad
companies. The compensation the railroad companies get for it is the
tree use of the wires on the line of the road, and a certain amount of
telegraph service off the line of the road, annually. In a few instances,
as in the case of the New York Central, and one or two others, the
amount of service is absolutely unlimited, and they can do what they
please, a\id they do a very large amount.
TThe OHAreMAN> Are these lines owned and operated by the telegraph
company, or in most cases by the railroad companies t
Mr. Gbbbn. They are owned by the Western Union Company in most
cases. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has a system of poles and
wires of its own., The New York Central does not own a wire except
some signal wires close to the ground. •
The Ghaibhan. Could you state approximately how many miles of
these lines are owned by railroad companies t
Mr. Gbebn. Perhaps 19,000 or 20,000. I do not believe that any raU-
road company, except the Central Pacific and the Pennsylvania, own
any lines of poles. The Baltimore and Ohio claim to own them, but we
expect to get a decision against them that they belong tons. The con-
tract stipulates distinctly that the poles do belong to us. But, as to a
great many railroad companies, we give them one wire, and they stipu-
mte that if they need additional wires they shall be put up at their own
cost, and in that way many of them have got one or two additional
wires put up at their own cost, and they own those wires.
The Ohaibkan. Can you state how many employes, aside from those
employed by the railroad companies, the Western Union Company has t
Mr. Gbeen. I cannot give yon that exactly. I get at the employes
in this way, Mr. Chairman : We have 25,500 instruments in use. Those
instruments, as a general rule, belong to us. There are a few instances
20 8TATEMENT OF HOBTIH OaEKH.
where the railroad eompanies hare their own inatnuneots on their own
wirea. Every inatnimeot reqoirea mi operator, and in largeofiScea that
ran day and night moat of tlM» inatmmenta require three operators, be-
eaoae Uiey do not work more than eii^t hoars a day, and they have
three relays. I shoold say, therefore, that there are probably 30,000
operators employed on the Weston Union lines. There are probably
5.000 or 6,000 other employ^ engaged in constrnctang and maintaining
the lines, snperintendents, derks. Mid officers.
Mr. LniES. Is it not possible for one operator to att^id to two or three
instmments, provided they are not constantly employed t
Mr. Gbken . That wonld be a very nnsafo operation.
Mr. LiNBS. Is it not often done in the minor offices t
Mr. Obeek. It is more often done in the large offices, like Boston and
New York. It is not ofl^n done in minor offices. In New York we
have 113 branch offices on short wires in the city. In very many of
those branch offices there is very little bosiness. I donotthink it oftNi
happens that one operator attends to more than one instnunent. Hiere
aiefoar or five of these branch offices on one wire, with only one instm-
ment in the main office.
Mr. Lines. Suppose you had three or four lines along the raOroad,
and, for testing purposes, you had an instrument on each line in aminor
office— take the case of the junction where two railroads cross each
other — would not one operator do at that junction t
Mr. Obsen. Where they have two wires, used occasionally for testing
purposes, of course they do not need an operator constantly at the desk.
But that is more than made up by the instruments used 6aj and night
that require three relays of operators to run them.
Mr. HuBBABD. I suppose yon have in your service somewhere about
8,000 or 10,000 operators t
Mr. Obeen. In the Western Union I think that is about the &ct.
Senator P julmeb. That is exclusive of your messengers t
Mr. Obeen. Yes, sir.
Senator Palmeb. How many messengers are employed t ^
Mr. Obeen. In the large cities there is a little army of them. I sup-
Gse we have 125 in one office in New York, and we have quite a num-
r of them everywhere.
Mr. Hubbabd. About 2,000 messengers, I guess.
Mr. Obeen. In New York, Boston, and the other large cites, we make
contracts with the American District Company to make oqr deliveries.
We put their offices in the same building with ours, and they furmsh us
messengers and make our deliveries promptly, ana i)erform such other
messenger service as is offered them. So that the messengers are not
all there exclusively for our service, but they are all at our command.
Senator Maxey. Your answer to my question related to the Western
Union. The question I asked bad reference to the approximate number
of employes under the control of all the companies, my object being, as
you will at once see, to get at the number of employes that would prob-
ably be needed by the Oovemment in case it supplants your coiqpany
and all other companies.
Mr. Obeen. I estimate that there are between 40,000 and 50,000 em-
ployed by the railroad companies and telegraph companies.
Senator Maxey. And you regard them as necessarily employed in
that business t
Mr. Obeen. Necessarily employed in that business. Whether the
Ooverument would have persons employed by railroads or other parties
to run their telegraphs, or employ them itself, would be a matter to be
STATEMENT OF NOBVIN GREEN. 21
arranged. Bat estimating that the basiness duplicates itself every six
years, with the additional impetus that woald be given to it by extr^ely
low rates and by opening additional offices, I believe it would be dupli-
cated in four years in Government hands, and that instead of 600,000
miles of wire now in existence you would have 1,200,000 miles of wire :
and instead of some 15,000 offices that are now on all the lines you would
have probably 30,000 offices.
The Chairman. You mean by that that the reduction of rates would
give us that enormous increase f
Mr. Grben. The reduction of rates and additional offices. For I as-
sume that if the Gk)vernment takes the telegraphs every post-office will
want a telegraph office.
Senator Maxey. That is what I was trying to get at.
Mr. Green. And every member of Congress will want every post-
office in his district to have one. So that the number of offices and em-
ploy^ would be very largely increased. I think within five years the
Government would find itself with an army of 100,000 employ^ on the
telegraph system.
Mr. Hubbard. As the number of messages increase, so will the nnv^-
ber of operators increase, because under your estimate they would have
two ortiiree times the present amount of business to do.
Mr. Green. Our operators in the larger offices. New York, Boston.
Chicago, and Philadelphia, are worked up to their full capacity. Bat
if yon take a little country office that does not send more than twelve
messages a day, of course the operator could send twenty-five messages
just as easy if he had them. But that would not be a guide to the in-
crease that would take place. It would not be the increase in certain
office^ but the increase throughout the country. Probably there would
be some increase at important offices too, in consideration of the lower
rates, etc., as Mr. Hubbard indicates.
Now, as to the diflFereuce between social telegraphing in this country
and in Europe. I did a good deal of social telegraphing over there my-
self. I ^ad a free pass, and I was told that I was the only man that
ever did have a free pass under the post-office system there. But a
great many of their officers have been over here and I have given them
franks. I got one over there with a big red seal with the British coat
of arms upon it, and signed by the postmaster-general. But that is
the pleasure ground of the world. People are there for pleasure. They
have nothing else to do. A great number of people are always travel-
ing over there during the summer season, over Switzerland, Belgium.
Great Britain, and I<>ance. They have friends in different sections ana
they do a vast amount of social telegraphing that they would not do at
home, because they have nothing else to do. That is the reason of the
largely increased social telegraphing abroad.
The Chairman. What is it in this country t
Mr. Green. I do not think it is more than 5 or 6 per cent, of the whole.
The Chairmak. In some of the countries of Europe it is stated to be
from 55 to 60 per cent, of the whole.
Mr. Green. No ; it cannot be that much ; it is less.
The Chairman. That is what is reported.
Mr. Green. They must be very slow in their business. About 80
per cent of our business is strictly commercial. It is a very exacting
business, and does not care so much about rates as it does about quick
service. Any postal service that made deliveries in the usual method
of delivering letters would not meet the requirements at all, and t^ere
vould be an immense amount of cuss- words used.
22 STATEMENT OF KORYIH GHEEV.
The CHATBMATf. I do not think anybody would expect that class ci
service as is now employed in delivering letters if the Oovemment
shoold assome the telegn^h.
Mr. Grebn. It is a dass of service that requires to be met. Oar peo-
ple are a fast people Mid they want things done qaickly. We have con-
nected the Produce Exchange in New Yc^k with the Board of Trade in
Chica^y and we are doing about 600 messages a day. The time is ab-
solutely at an average under a minute. It is open every day. The
business x>eople send their messages at the counter and get their an-
swers before they leave the counter. That is a class of business that is
done very cheaply, because there is no delivery, no booking, no regis-
tration. The message is handed in in pencil, and the answer is handed
back in pencil at the counter. We trust our clerks and keep no copies,
in order that they may do that business rapidly.
The Chairman. I want to ask you some questions in regard to the
statement you made — ^which I must say was a very extraordmary state-
ment— in regard to rates. Would you prefer to finish your remarks
nowt
Mr. Obeen. No; I wiU hear your questions now.
Hie Chairman. I have been seeking information as to rates. Do yon
regard the paper published at Berne, called the Journal Tdegraphique,
as ftimishing reliable information on that subject t
Mr. Oreen. I presume it is reliable; I do not know.
The Chairman. It is official and is supposed to be a strictly reliable
authority. What do yon understand the rate to be in Switzerlimdt
Mr. Green. I really do not know. Switzerkmd is a very small coun-
try, and I have had no means of gaining that information.
The Chairman. Ten cents for twenty words. What is it in Belgium f
The same.
Mr. Green. In France and Germany it is about the same as in Eng-
land.
The Chairman. In Germany it is a cent and a quarter a word. In
France it is one franc for twenty words. I would like to know on what
^ou base the statement that you have made, that we have a cheaper serv-
ice in this country than in Europe. I have very carefully gone over the
flffures in this paper, the Journal Telegraphiqne, and I find the average
of all the internal messages sent last year in Europe was 27 cents for
twenty words. That refers to the whole of Europe.
Senator Maxet. I live about 1,600 miles from here, in Texas. Ac-
cording to the rates in Europe, how much would it cost to send a mes-
sage from here to my place of residence f Of course it would have to
pass through several countries in going that distance in Europe.
Mr. Green. The united rates would be more than ours. I do not
think you could send it for less than $2 or $3.
Mr. Lines. Can you not send a message from France to Algiers, 2,000
miles, for 20 cents t
Mr. Green. That may be. I will take your average, Mr. Chairman,
of 27 cents for internal messages in those countries ; at the same rate in
a country covering an area east and west of 4,500 miles tlie rate would
be about 35 cents.
The Chairman. That does not agree with your annual report;
40,000,000 messages at a total amount of $19,000,000.
Mr. Green. If you will look at Mr. Hubbard's article in the North
American Beview you will see that matter explained, you will see that
he publishes a note. My annual report covers cable messages and so
fprch, to the amount of $400,000 received for Atlantic cable messages
STATEMENT OF NORVIN QREEN. 23
and some $300,000 for Gaba cable messages. It is not all for land mes-
sages. To divide the aggregate receipts by the aggregate number of
messages would be a very onfair way of ascertaining the average rate per
message. Mr. Hnbbard saw that point and wrote me abont it, and I
wrote him an answer which he inserted in his article, and which was a
fair statement of the case, showing an average really of abont 35 cents.
Mr. HUBBABD. Thirty-eight cents. In that estimate yon over-esti-
mated the number of messages.
Mr. Obeen. We do not count our messages as they do. They count
every message traveling through the country, although it may go
through three or four countries. So that, taking Europe as a whole,
some messages are counted three or four times. We count the messages
sent. We count 30 words to the press as a message, and we count only
the number of press messages sent, whereas we deliver three or four
times that much. For instance, we send about 5,200,000 messages of
press sent : but the amount delivered is 605,474,000 words. That di-
vided by 30 makes over 20,000,000 messages delivered. I think Mr.
Hubbard, in his article, said that we got nearly as much for press as
we do for commercial messages. That is because of the same fact.
We send 5,200,000 words of pi*e«s sent; 200,000 messages of 30 words
to- the message, and we got $1,800,000 for it, so that we got about 20
cents per message of 30 words sent. But those messages were de-
livered and charged five or six times. For instance, we count reports
sent to New Orleans with 22 drops ; we do not count the drops at all,
but we charge for those drops. Our press service is cheaper on the
average than in Great Britain ; I do not know how it is elsewhere. I
have this examination of Mr. Somerville ; he has given very careful
attention to the subject. The average rate to each paper served in the
associated press combinations in 18^ will not be over 6^ cents per hun-
dred words.
In Great Britain the charge is a shilling for 75 words in the daytime
and for 100 words at night Then they charge a half cent a word for
any additional deliveries in the same place. We charge the New York
Associated Press about 2J cents a word firom New York to New Orleans,
and one-eighth of a cent for each drop. So that they get 1,500 words
a day for about $1.87^ at each of those places without respect to the
number of papers that use it. We make no distinction as to that ; it
may be one or two or three papers. We do not sell it to the news-
papers; we do not deal with the newspapers. We deal with the Associ-
ated Press and they sell it to the papers.
While on that subject I want to say that I see that some resolution
has been introduced in respect to our relations with the press. I am
ready to supply the committee with our contract with the New York
Associated Press or any other association. One stipulation in it covers
the whole thing — ^that we shall not contract with any other company at
any cheaper rate than we afford them without giving them the benefit
of the reduction.
Senator Saxjlsbuby. ''The most favored nation" clause f
Mr. Gbeen. Yes. We are perfectly at liberty to give everybody and
anybody the same rate for the same service. But it is perfectly mani-
fest that the papers can get a cheaper service by combination than they
can by taking single reports. Someof the papers raid against us because
we do not give them the news of the day at the same price their neigh-
bor gets it, when the neighbor has a contract with the Associated Press
for <&ops, and we have no more right of property in that news than we
have in anybody's private message. We cannot transmit a single re*
24 STATEMENT OF KORVIV QBEEH.
port to tbat place for the same price that we get for a drop copy of a
report that is going through*
Senator Wilson. Ton. say that yoa can snpply the committee with a
copy of the contract between yoor company and the Associated Press t
Bir. Obeen. Very cheerftdly.
Senator Wilson. We would be very glad to have it.
Mr. Green. Onr last contract with the Associated Press was made
perhaps a little less than a year aga It was a joint contract with the
New York and the Western Associated Press. Yoa will remember that
they got into a row a little over a year ago, and the Western Associated
Press established an office in New York and got their own foreign news.
After a while they settled the difficulty by making a joint contract with
us. That I will send yoa at any time. We have also made a recent con-
tract with the opposition press, the United Press Association.
Senator Wilson. Have yoa more than one press contract!
Mr. Green. Oh, yes; we have a contract with the New York State
Press which has been modified from time to time by correspondence and
vrbael concessions, bat it has been in existence some seven or eight years.
Senator Wilson. Will it be convenient for yoa to famish the com-
mittee with that contract!
Mr. Green. We will fdmish all of them.
The Chairman. Referring again to the snbject of rates, they have
in Earope a system of charging for messages which pass throagh a
country from one coantry to another; they charge something for tiiose
messages in the coantry throagh which they pass.
Mr. Green. Tbey charge for all those interstate messages.
The Chairman. Not only in the countries where they are sent and
received^ but in any coantry that they pass throagh.
Mr. Green. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. And they charge in some cases very high rates be-
tween one country and another. Notwithstanding that foct, take the
whole of Earope, and allowing for all these extra charges and extra
high rates, the average cost of all the messages sent in Earope last year
was only 31 cents.
Mr. Green. Take any section of our coantry of like area, New Eng-
land for instance
The Chairman. The area of Earope is larger than the whole United
States.
Mr. Green. That is the average to each particular country. That is
not the average for the whole of Europe.
The Chairman. It includes both national and international messages
over the whole of Europe.
Mr. Green. I understand that is the average of each particular
country. Take an area of the same size in this country and our aver-
age would be less than that..
The Chairman. You do not understand me. In all the countries of
Europe last year a certain amount was received for internal and inter-
national message, and taking the total number of messages sent and
the total amount received, and it shows that the average cost of all the
messages sent in Europe was 31 cents.
Mr. Green. That does not alter the case. Each particular country
has set down the message that passed through as a message ; the next
country has set it down as another message, and the next country as
another message. It is impossible to trace those messages.
The Chairman. I base ray figures wholly on the number of messages
sent; not transmitted, but the number actually sent. How you can
STATEMENT OF NORYIK GREEN. 25
make the broad statement that we have a cheaper system here than in
Europe, when in France we can send 20 words for 20 cents, and in sev-
eral of the countries of Europe for a half cent a word, is what I cannot
understand, and I would like to have further information on that sub-
ject. The figures seem to show that our rates are much higher than in
Europe.
Mr. Gbeen. Tou are very much mistaken about any such figures.
However, when you understand that we pay more than twice as much
to our operators as they do, when we pay more than twice as much for
office men as they do, that lalK)r in the construction of lines is very
much higher, and that material, except as to wood and coal, is higher,
there is every reason why it should be higher here. But I believe it
has been noted by everybody who has traveled in Europe that we do
very much better service than they do, botfy as to speed and accuracy.
Senator Palmeb. I would like to have the comparative rates between
Montreal and Chicago, and New York and Chicago. At Montreal I
think they have the Imperial telegraph — I do not know the name of the
company.
Mr. Green. The uniform rate in the Dominion of Canada is 25 cents;
the rate between Montreal and Chicago is about the same as the rate
from New York to Chicago.
Senator Palmer. From Montreal to Detroit it is the same, is it t
Mr. Green. I do not remember as to Detroit ; I do not know that it
is the same. It is 25 cents for the Canada company, and something for
ours.
There is another make-weight on this subject of Government tele-
graphs to which I desire to make reference, and that is the pr^udice
that has grown up in the country against large corporations, the mass
of accumulated wealth, and there has come to be a good deal of feeling
on that subject, and a good deal of a certain kind of legislation. State
and National. I assume that one telegraph system can do the business
of this country cheaper than three or four. I do not blame people for
encouraging opposition, but the fact is that the more opposition Unes
you make, Uie more cost is attached to doing the business of the country.
The reason we have been enabled to pay higher prices than the actual
cost of these opposition lines is that they were worth more to us than
to the opposition. We could take their wires into our offices, save their
office rent and about one third of their expenses, if not habf, and take
all their business, and do it at a profit, while they did it at a loss.
Undoubtedly, if one system can do all the business with one set of of-
fices and one set of officers, and only a little increase in the number of
operators, they can certainly do it at a cheaper rate than competing
systems auplicating the expense for the same amount of business. And
that is what has resulted, that the rate has been made cheaper by all
these consolidations. We have made a steady and conservative reduc-
tion of rates, and have recently made a reduction in the preparation of
our new tariff books which will go out on the 1st of March, that makes
our maximum rate $1. for which we send 4,500 miles. There is no
country that I know or in the world now where you can send that dis-
tance for $1. We send from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Washington
Territory, for $1 .
The Chairman. The rate is $1 for distances under 2,000 miles, is it
notf
Mr. Green. No, sir ; I think not Our rate is 75 cents east of the
Bocky Mountains. 1 suppose it would be $1 for 2,000 miles to Texas.
26 STATEBCENT OF NORYIN GREEN.
The Chaibhan. Why should that rate be paid in the United States
when messages can be sent fh>m France to Algiers for 20 cents f
Mr. Obeen. Becaose they nndoabtedly do it at a loss, although they
fet very cheap labor. I think they mast do it at a great loss at that
'he carefnl analysis of our bosinessin my letter to Mr. Habbard shows
the cost to be about what t
Mr. HuBBASD. Twenty-three cents you make it.
Mr. Gbeen. The average cost per message is 23 cents. I believe,
with the salaries we pay, the exactions of the business, and the prompt
service we render, it costs us a great deal more, because if we had the
whole twenty -four hours we could do it cheaper, instead of having to
crowd it into three or four business hours of the day. That makes it
exx>ensive. Deliveries have to be promptly made. We cannot wait for
circuit messengers to make«deliveries, but the messenger must go im-
mediately when we get a message. With that character of service I be-
lieve that whenever a message goes beyond one circuit and is relayed it
cannot be done for 25 cents except at a loss to the company or to the
government that does it.
Mr. Lines. 1 see it stated in the Journal Telegraphique that the re-
ceipts of the t^rench administration last year were something over
26,000,000 francs, and current expenses 17,000,000 francs; leaving a
profit of about 9,000,000 francs. There were 21,000,000 messages. They
give also here in this Journal Telegraphique your statistics, which I
presume were famished them by your company : 40,581,177 messages,
at a cost of 97,274,510 francs, a little over 2 francs to the message.
Mr. Obeen. That may be so. They might make a profit on their
business, but you could not expect them to send a message 2,000 mUes
for 20 cents except at a loss. A uniform rate of 25 cents for the United
States would probaly make a profit at some places, but it would make
a big loss for long-distance messages. A message from New York to
San Francisco has to be relayed three or four times. We can some-
times send it throagh automatic repeaters, but each of those requires
cme operator instead of two. If it is absolutely relayed it requires one
to take it and another to send it. But if it passes through an automatic
repeater it requires one to have charge of the repeater instead of two.
But I wanted to say a word about the prejadice that has grown ap
in regard to the accumulation of wealth. I have begun by saying that
a successful telegraph company in this coantry must be a large one.
The business is tetter done by a large company, better handled by unifi-
cation, with prompter service and can be cheaper done. But in respect
to individual wealth, there is a great deal of prejudice which I think it
is well for us to look at. I remember that after I was a man grown
there was not a man in the United States worth a mUlion dollars. John
Jacob Astor and Stephen Girard were supposed to be worth $800,000,
and nobody in the country would believe it.
Mr. Hubbabd. What year was that f
Mr. Obeen. Going back to about 1838.
Mr. Hubbabd. My grandfather died in 1832, and he left (3,000,000.
Mr. Gbeen. I did not know him. I know that when it was stated
that Girard and Astor were worth $1,000,000 nobody would believe it,
and now I suppose there are five thousand men iu New York who are
worth $1,000,000, and I suppose there are five hundred or several hun-
dred worth over $10,000,000. That is thought to be threatening oor
liberties. Perhaps too much accumulation of capital in one man would
be somewhat threatening, but on the other hand there is a great ben-
efit to the country in it. I became satisfied that the great power of Eng-
STATEMENT OF NORVIN GREEN. 27
land consiflted in the wealth of her citizens. Whilst I was over there
the chancellor of the exchequer had an examination made as to the in-
coming revenue on British capitsd invested in other countries — what
was bandied about in the papers as the ^^ unearned increment." It
was ascertained that about £160,000,000 sterling per annum was re-
ceived in Great Britain in that way/ equivalent to $800,000,000 of our
money ; $120,000,000 of that came from the United States. They
held about $2,000,000,000 of our securities, and we are paying them
$120,000,000 per annum on interest account. We are paying about
$70,000,000 or $75,000,000 by the balance of trade in our favor, some-
thing more in the profits on our exports. The balance is eked out by
new and additional loans. Of course if that were to go on as it has been
in the past years, it would be very disastrous to this country sooner or
later, because there must come a settlement day. The panic of 1873
grew out of the large borrowing of 1872, the importations of 1872 and
the exportation of about $240,000,000 of gold that year. That laid the
foundation for the panic of 1873.
What have we done last year t We have built over 10,000 miles of
railroad, costing in the neighborhood of $30,000,000. We have not bor-
rowed $5,000,0(X) on the other side. The bonds have been taken in thia
country. We have been building from 7,000 to 9,000 miles of railroad
per year for the last ten or twelve years, and we have been steadily re-
ducing the amount of requirements from abroad. The accumulated
capital of this country is taking our securities to make our improve-
ments. We have not done a bad business to make this debt. We have
benefited our country and made it rich, and we are now beginning to reap
the harvest. Most of these railroads were built, as you are aware, at
least ten years in advance of their needs, and did not pay anything
for a long timd. One of our wealthy citizens, Mr. Yanderbilt, takea
$60,000,000 of Oovemment bonds in one batch and locks them up in his
safe. That is saved to this country' — saved from going abroad. Of
course it would be more conservative to the country if this increased
wealth was more evenly distributed, but it is of vast advantage. There
is more business done in a week now than could be done in months be-
fore the days of telegraphs and railroads. My father had to come to-
Philadelphia from the West in a stage-coach over the mountains to buy
goods, and it took six weeks to make the journey. Ton could not do tho
amount of business then in five or six months that can be done now in a
week or a day by the use of railroads and telegraphs.
The rapid accumulation of wealth is because of the rapidity of our
transactions, and that our community may continue to increase and grow
in wealth should be the interest, the prayer, and the fostering care Of
every legislative department. Of course too large a share of that falls
into the hands of three or four men. We cannot help that. Their su-
perior shrewdness and sagacity enabled them to accumulate it, and wo
cannot avoid it very well. But still the accumulation of wealth in the
country is giving great additional strength to the country.
I would like to say a few words on the capitalization of the company,,
but the time will not allow it, and I have not thought that that neces-
sarily entered into the case. One thing I may say, however, and that
is, that the capitalization of the company has nothing whatever to do-
with its rates. If you do not make any profit, it does not matter^what
your capital is. Ton have got to make your expenses first. The ratea
are predicated oh the cost of the service.
The Chairman. Your profits last year were about $8,000,000.
Mr. Obebn . A littie over $7,000,000 ; but they were not all fron»
28 STATEMENT OF NOEYIN GBEEN.
telegraph bnrineea, or sach bostnesB as the Gtovemment would proba-
bly waDt to take hcfld ofl
Mr. HuBBABD. I would like to say one word beforeDr. Green leaves.
If the committee will allow me some time I wish to take np this propo-
sition of Dr. Green's, and endeavor as &r I can to controvert it. He
says unless something is defective in the service, there is no reason for
€k>vemment interference. I shall undertake to show thst there is
something defective in the Western Union service, and that will be
mainly that their i^tes are excessively high ; or, in other words, that
if they had a rate not exceeding 60 cents for the whole country — and I
believe I can prove it as clearly as I can prove any mathematical dem-
onstration— ^they would make more money for themselves uid serve
the country better than they can at their present rates. And secondly,
that that company cannot serve ttie country when it is allowed to cap-
italize as fast as it has without reference to the value of the property
capitalized.
Mr. Oeeen. In answer to that, I want to say that there has been no
watering of stock, no capitalization without substantial cause since
1866. I have shown that If they paid pretty high prices for some <rf
the properties it was no more than they were wor^
ARGUMENT
HOH. WnUAK M. BVAST8, OH BEHALF OF THE WE8IEBH UHIOH
TELEGRAPH COMPAHT.
Januaby 17, 1884.
Hod. Williak M. Eyabts appeared before the oommittee and mad^
the following statement :
Mb. Ohaibman akj> Oentlembn. When the management of the
Western Union Telegraph Company desired me some weeks ago to give
some attention to the matter pending here and to undertake some
presentation of the interests, wishes, and rights of existing telegraph
companies, I felt that in some respects the office was one that might
well be declined. I have never taken part in those views so common.
I think, with onr countrymen, of supposing that persons not engagea
in the management of public affiurs are much wiser and more trust-
worthy in d^ding with them than those that are : and I was perfectly
aware that on tins committee were found not only experienced public
men but distinguished and competent lawyers, who might well give, of
iheii own attention, such a disposition of the legal questions as ought
to be satisfactory. Still, it is always satisfoctory to parties having large
interests to feel that they at least have been heard in such manner and
by such representation as seems to themselves useftd.
I have read with attention the presentation made by Dr. Green. I
have read also the interesting and candid view presented by Mr. Hub-
bard through the press, not so much in contradiction to, as in modifi-
cation of, some of the views regarding facts which are held by ttaA
Western Union Company; and I shall endeavor to abstain as much as
possible from any recurrence to the topics that have been thus fully
presented before you, and which are accessible to yon for reconsidera-
tion in their printed form.
2P
30 AROUHEKT OF WILLIAM M. EYARTS.
I suppose that there are three considerations which have brought np,
with some degree of intensity if not of animosityy this subject in refer-
ence to the western Union Telegraph Company. One of tiie principal
points is, no doubt in the popular estimate, in the public discussions,
perhaps in the views of public men — and perhaps they are shared by
members of Congress and by members'of tMs committee— what is sup-
posed to be their exaggerated capital ; that it consists in great part of
what may be fieurly considered, in short— for it is perfectly well under-
stood— watered stock. From having conducted in the higher courts of
New York the late litigation pursued against them with great bitter-
ness by certain stockholders who daiml^ that the transaction of 1881
was an unjustifiable exaggeration of stock, an issue of stock without
value, I am able to give, what I think will not be controverted, a cor-
rect statement upon that subject.
Standing at $41,000,000 in 1881, as the measure of their paid-up stock,
this company undertook to buy out two great important telegraph cor-
porations. They were rivals without l^nefit to the public, that, ac-
cording to any policy adopted by the Western Union, exemplified since
their purchase, could not be considered as carrying any advantage to
the public whether or no they were, bs sometimes railroad proi>^-
ties are, brought into existence, not for additional public service, but
for sale^ for coercion upon established rights and interests that are in-
vaded, IS quite immaterial. The working of affaurs was not for the ben-
efit of the public. The Western Union, having a right, by law of the
State of New York, to purchase the properties of other telegraph com-
panies without stint and to pay for them in its stock, undertook the
purchase of those two companies, the Atlantic and Pacific and the Amer-
ican Union. They agreed, as otner parties on contracts do agree, upon
what it was worth while for the Western Union to pay, and what was the
measure upon whic^ these companies would sell these properties. They
were properties ; they were lawful properties, and the owners had a right
to their own opinions as to what they were worth ; they were properties
"which, if to be acquired, were to be acquired from a motive of profit
and advantage to tiie buyer ; and he had before him always the question
of how much it wa« worth his while to pay. The elements of that con-
tract were perfectly open and lawftd. Certain prices were fixed which in-
volved a payment in the stock of the Western Union, t^ the two, of
something like $23,000,000. These complies would take ho less. The
Western Union thought they were worth acquisition at tliat priee.
There came up, connected with this, a question of the increase of their
own stock — a question that need not have come up, but for the fact
that they were acquiring these additional properties and issuing stock
of their company that made the sellers participants in the property and
the profits of the Western Union Company at a certain ratio to the pre-
vious stock. The Western Union Company had pursued the policy,
not of dividing all its profits, which by law it was entitled to do^ not of
dividing all its profits and then issuing new stock for cash, getting the
means of enlarging its plant and its investment; or, in the cdtemative,
not borrowing money on bonds or debt^ and leaving that a fixed charge
upon the property, but of using the surplus cash receipts beyond a Bsie
dividend themselves, investing it in new properties which bec^une a part
of the capital investment in one sense (that is, they were an enlarged
area for the earning of dividends), but they were not an enlarged capital
for the protection of creditors or in any other sense.
AfiGUMENl^ OF WILLIAM M. EYAKTS. 81
CotemporaDOoasly with this porohase of $23,000,000 to be paid for in
their stock, the question came up for the proper disposition of the mat-
ter—what shall we do with our old stockholders f Is this $23,000,000,
if we pay them, to be $23,000,000 to comport with $41,000,000, and so
be $23,000,000 out of $64,000,000 f Or, shall we take now the property
which we have acquired by using cash that might have been distributed
as dividends in the purchase of property, which property we now have,
which propcorty we have kept up as part of the plant before we made
new dividends, and which property now measures in a surplus value
saved fix>m dividends and not yet added to capital, to the amount of
$15,000,0001 Of course, gentlemen see that this element was to be
oonsidered in fixing the price that they were to pay for these other
properties. Were they to pay $23,000,000 out of $65,000,000 f It might
be, or it might not be ; or it might be that they would pay $18,000,000
out of $65,M0,000. I only present it as a regular and solid considera-
tion for proper determination. The settlement was arrived at: ^^No,
we will now consolidate in a full capital stock the property rights
of our stockholders that have been reserved from dividends, that we
still now have in possession in value, and we make up the stock of
$80,000,000, of which our stockholders have this issue of $15,000,000
and you have $23,000,000." So far as making it twenty-three eightieths
inst^id of twenty-three sixty -fifths is concerned, nobody can complain
of that transaction as incompetent or against any policy.
The litigation was raised in this way: Although our laws allowed
the purchase of other property and the issue of stock for it, it assumed
it was on the basis that there was to be value received. It was not
water. It was only the measure by which you could acquire property
that you were to pay cash for, measured in cash, paid for in stock in-
stead. So, too, with regfurd to the increase of our capital stock. We
have, by genem legislation — all the telegraph companies have— the
power of increasing their stock as they increase their property, but
only on the increase of their property; and this increase of $15,000,000
was based upon the idea that besides their firm property representing
their $41,000,000 capital, they had $15,000,000 of additional <K>rporate
telegraph investmept in Unes, the same as the $41,000,000; not that
they had had, not that tliere had been t^is asgregation of investments
which had iM^Bsed away or shrunk or been depreciated, but that t^ey
had been kept up and were then presently in tlieir power. The litiga-
tipn was raised to test this question of whether tliese aggregations were
supported on value.
The court of first inquiry, where the proofe were taken, went into a
thorough investigation by which these bitter litigants sought to beat
down both the value of tiie properties that we acquired by purchase
and paid for in stock, and to b^t down or disperse this idea that we
have solid capital that might have been distributed in cash dividends
and was uqw in hand. The result of those inquiries, through long
periods of examination, brought th^ court to the determination that
these properties were worth what we paid for them in the sense in which
they, as properties, were offered for sale, and as properties were desira-
ble and were purchased by the Western Union. They then found, that
as matter of tactj besides its intact $41,000,000 capital represented by
value and investment, this Western Union corporation had $15,000,000
and more— several millions more— which was a substantial basis for
32 AKGUMEKT OF WILLIAM M. EYABTg.
now issuing stock to stockholders who had been deprived of it as cash
dividends which they were entitled to, or might have been entitled to
at the will of the direction. On that point the litigation was severe,
because that was the principal element, after all, which incited the liti-
gation and stiniulated it. The court found, as matter of fact, after this
inquiry, that that was so.
Then there remained an important question of law — whether, the &ct
being so, the laws of the State of New York, which allowed an increase
of capital to telegraph companies, allowed such an increase ui>on any
other basis than a cash receipt for its amount at the time it was issued.
There had been no exact adjudication on that subject. We thought
that the laws of the State, the policy of the State, and the authorities,
as far as they went. Justified the issue. And we came to the court of
api)eals to discuss and 46termine that question, whether it being on the
record and indisputable — indisputable not by consent, but by proof tii
invitum in adversum^ that the $15,000,000 was in hand — ^whether that
issue of stock without cash receipts was prohibited by any law. The
court of appeals unanimously determined, not that stock could be issued
for nothing, but that stock could be issued to stockholders under those
circumstances Just as well as it could have been issued piecemeal for
the cash that might have been distributed as dividends, but was not.
Whether right or wrong, that is the law of our State. It is the law
established in a litigated suit, that never for a moment partook of the
least quality of amicable purpose, and by a court as important and* as
valuable in our State as any final court of appeals that weliave ever
had.
Senator Maxet. Did the holders of the $23,000,000 of stock and of
the amount of $41,000,000 already issued, agree to this increase up to
$80,000,0001
Mr. BvABTS. You mean the vendors of the property f
Senator Maxet. Yes.
Mr. EvABTS. Yes, sir; they did. It was all adjusted. You see tJie
importance of the adjustment. It was understood that they got
$23,000,000 out of $80,000,000.
The Ghaibhan. Do you object to being interrupted, Mr. Evarts, or
would you prefer to follow the line of your argument to its close before
being in terrogatedt ^
Mr. EvABTS. I do not object in the least to interruptions.
The Ghaibman. Then I would like to ask one question now : Whether
the purchase of the American Union Gompany's lines, for instance,
which you have described as a legitimate purchase to secure the prop-
erty, was for the purpose of increasing die facilities of the Western
Union Gompany, or merely for the purpose of getting rid of a rival
company, and thus maintaining a monopoly t
Mr. EvABTS. I cannot determine that, certainly as a lawyer. All that
I can say about that is what I have already said, and I intended to.
measure my words — that the property that they sold was a lawful prop-
erty that they had a right, like everybody else, to fix their price upon.
The property that we bought was a property that we had a right to se-
cure— ^if we acted in good faith towards our stockholders, of course —
upon such terms as made it useful and valuable to our company in busi-
ness, which was the conducting of telegraph business for pay and profit
and distribution of the profits. I do not know whether we would
have bought more property if we could have gone as freely and securely
in the management of our business without the property. But all we
can say about it is what Doctor Green, I believe, has made very ap-
ARGUMENT OP WILLIAM M. EVART8. 33
parent, that the conseqneDce of the transaction was not an increase bat
a redaction of rates. So that, if we had a laadable desire to magnify
oar corporation and enlarge its area of action and profits, we have done
all this, not at an increase, bat a dimination of the pablic hardens of
the telegraph ; and we have done it, I believe — althoagh I am talking
now somewhat oat of the general propositions aboat which I may be
sapposed to have any opinion of valae to anybody — in a way that has
satisfied the public not only that the rates are not increased, bat that
the service is better performed.
The Chairman. It mast have added very mach to the cost of send-
ing messages by this company to add to the amoant of their capital
that which they pat into property which had no valae.
Mr. Eyarts. It increased, if the chairman will allow me, the area
npon which they were to make dividends, and it took more profits to
make dividends over the increased stock of the same rate than it did
over the lesser volame of stock. Bat otherwise, so far as operating
apon the real expense of conducting the telegraph business was con-
cerned, it diminished it That, I think, is apparent The pertinency
of yonr inqairy, no doabt, shoald be recognized — whether this necessity
of making an apparent dividend of the same amoant, bat over a larger
area, does not tend to prevent a corporation from reducing rates as
rapidly as it might. Bat that the people mast judge of. The question
is, after all, whether the proper maintenance of the service, so far as the
pablic is concerned, is properly kept up and at reasonable rates; and,
secondly, whether the transactions have been legitimate, as between
buyer and seller, by persons sui juris and protected by the laws of the
land.
. The Chairman. I would like, Mr. Evarts, to have you state mo^^e
fully the basis for the statement that it did result in cheapening the
rates, and what reason there is for saying that if competition had been
maintained the rates would have been kept higher.
Mr. Evarts. I do not say that; but only that the rates after this ob-
literation of the rivalry, if you please, were not increased, not whether,
if the rivalry had persisted and resulted in a cut-throat competition,
they would not have been redpced. That was my purpose.
Mr. Gardner G. Hubbard. I believe the average rate has been
raised.
Mr. Evarts. That is a question of fact which I shall not disturb.
I observe that by some of the questions of the chairman, who has
given great attention to the matter, and of other gentlemen of the com-
mittee as well, addressed to Dr. Green, and his replies, that there is a
difference of opinion upon this question of fact, and Dr. Green, I believe,
undertook to exjjlore the matter and furnish to the committee more
demonstration on the subject if he can find it. But I do not speak of
thatK
Then another incident attracted great attention to this aggregation
of control over what is undoubtedly a part of the life-current ot the
business of the country, in a most important sense (telegraphic com-
munication), and that is the strike. That strike we have no occasion to
discuss in the propriety of the claims of the employ(^s or of the resist-
ant s. Til is is not the tribunal, and the means for that discussion are
not here. But that strike unquestionjibly attracted Jitteution as a situ-
ation of i)ublic interest. It was seen what a power the employes might
have in interrupting this vital current of the business of the country.
It was seen also how the resistance to overcome these assertions, on
the part of the employes, of their rights, might involve very serious
S. Rep. 577, pt.' 2 3
34 AKGtfMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVART8.
exercises and assertion of power of repression over what might be just
complaiut^^ — might be just reasons for dissatisfaction. In other words,
this great contiict between employes and employers was noticed by the
public as bearing upon public interest, from the quasi public nature of
the business that was transacted ; and a good deal of enlistment on one
side and the other of that question — first in favor of the employes, then
perhaps against them when it was found that tbe contest could not be
shorts — partook of the character of such unhappy conflict which every
one deplores, and as yet nobody has been able to see the means of pre-
venting. That strike, therefore, brought into a sudden, if not a hasty,
contemplation the question of whether there ought not to be and might
not be some public administration of this important energy of private
affairs.
Then, of course, there is the third ingredient of the nature of the
business, being what has occurred under our eyes, in the way of ab-
sorptions and annexations, by purchase and otherwise, of the minor
companies as they spring up. That has brought into display the
monopoly part of the matter, and has induced consideration, whether
although our people are averse to Government's having anything to do
with private employments and having anything to do with monopolies,
certainly in its own management, whether there was not reason for
finding an analogy between the postal service and the telegraph serv-
ice that could carry the present telegraphic system over to the Gov-
ernment. That being so. Congress, public men, public journals, public
thinkers, have all turned the matter over in their minds, more or less
responsibly, more or less wisely, and more or less to their own satisfoc-
tion, as to some solution that could be found.
That brings the matter to the point at which we are now considering
it. I think I may now assume that the three bills that are before this
committee, all of them introduced by gentlemen of credit with the
country as well as in the Senate, and all^ no doubt, the result of their
own deliberations, and of such consultations as they have had oppor-
tunity or desire to resort to, these three bills together must, I think, be
considered as presenting all that is considered wise or is considered
practicable, or that should be insisted i upon in the public interest.
They are extremely diverse. There is no concurrence between the
three measures. They all seem to me to have this common character,
of being tentative, irresolute, and stepping always consciously in the
dark. I do not mean by that that there is any lack of sagacity, of
prudence, or of comprehensive and intelligent survey of the ground.
But 1 think the promoters of either of these bills will admit that there
are to be developed, by an attempt to put them in the shax)e of legis-
lation and set them at work, difficulties, shortcomings, dangers, and
complications that, not being capable of being foreseen, cannot now be
foreclosed by legislation. No one would think for a moment of saying
that, if either of these bills should to-morrow become a law, the problem
of substitution of Government control of telegraphs for that of private
corporation had been accomplished, and that the country was ready
to-morrow to have the telegraph service carried on by the Government.
I think, therefore, that I am justified in saying that neither of these
measures, if it becomes a law, undertakes to provide for, or in any pos-
sible working can be thought to provide for, the long and indefinite
interim of time that must elapse before there is a Government service,
and all that time, by this imperative legislation, there has been pro-
duced a situation which disorders, disorganizes, and paralyzes the
private enterprise of carrying on the telegraph i^stem.
ARGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EYAKTS. 35
What priDciples of human natare, what common interests of the com-
mon people of this country — I mean common to all of them which are
to be the care of Government in all its legislation — are left by which,
thereafter and before your Government operations are completed, the
telegraph service of this people is to be performed at all f What profit!
What security! This interest will be struck by the power of Govern-
ment a blow which, thougfi in itself measured, carries the right and pros-
pect of blows to be measured wholly by what is regarded as the public
interest and not at all by any rights that these telegraph companies
possess. But 1 do not put it so much upon that as upon the necessary
fact of the motives, the zeal, the combination, the interest which must
be aggregated in a great mass to maintain such a powerful administra-
tion of aSairs as these great telegraph companies possess and control.
What is there left for them ! They have been weighed in the balance
and found wanting. The kingdom has departed from them. And it is
this new public power, not ready to be exerted, and not ready to take
their place, that is to conduct, under this disorder and this disorganiza-
tion, the whole telegraph service of the whole people of the United States.
If there be any force in this suggestion it would discourage, at once, ten-
tative intrusion by the Government of illimitable right, and yet of very
limited occupation of the area.
A.11 this would tend to show what, I think, the results of this com-
mittee must bring them to in considering these different measures and
finding some solution of them — to a conclusion either that the Govern-
ment must abstain from any proprietary or administrative intervention
in this business of carrying on the telegraphs, and limit its authority to
the Government by the law of that business according to the powers of
government lodged, as they may be, in the Federal or in the State Gov-
ernments ; or e^e, when it is ready to take these properties, take the
unimpaired, an unbroken, uninterrupted public service, without a day's
nor an houi^s interruption, so that when it proceeds, the system goes on
and on, with the mastery and the control changed into public administra-
tion from the private. Of course that involves the necessity of t he Gov-
ernment beforehand, by such exercise of its power, or by such persuasion
of contract, as may be at its service to take up the telegraph adminis-
tration and settle at once the whole question, and proceed thereafter,
the private interests by purchase, being all solved in money and dis-
tributed, and the public service unbroken and changed only in its
mastery aud administration.
I think the committee will be satisfied that a gradual progress of the
Government in this tentative scheme and method is not compatible
either with the obligations of the Government, with the interest of the
Government, or with the rights of parties interested in the present
establishment.
Perhaps the committee will permit me to present very briefly what
seem to me the elements of these three bills.
Mr. Edmunds' bill (S. 17) establishes a postal telegraph system in the
United States, by the first section. That is a decree. There is not
anything done by that. If that could be done by law, so that by the
promulgation of that the Government could replace private owners
and carry on the system, it would meet my proposition.
He goes on to provide that from this city of Washington four lines
shall be projected — northwest, northeast, west-southwest, and south.
Three heads of Departments, the Secretary of State, Secretary of War,
and Postmaster-General, are a board to locate these lines; and then
their extension, which is not fixed in the least, is to be such as Gongresa
36 ARGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVART8
may from time to time direct. These routes^ thus established, shall be
condacted by this Government as a part of its postal system.
That means that it shall be conducted by the Government, and with
such aid and common administration as the postal system in its nature
permits.
All the rates are to be fixed by this board, from time to time, by the
three Cabinet officers. These rentes are to be built by the Secretary of
War, by the employment of the Oorps of Engineers of the Army, the
asme as other public works are built.
No doubt you could find something for engineers to do in putting up
poles and stringing wires on them, but, really, the degree of engineer-
ing skill that is required for that puipose. and that is supposed to have
been acquired in a West Point education, does not seem very important
The Chairman. Some of these officers have had considerable expe-
rience in building lines.
Mr. Eyarts. No doubt they are as good people to do it as could be
found, but yet it is not a matter of high engineering, as it seems to me.
The Secretary of War may acquire right of way by purchase; if not,
the rifirht of way is to be taken, and the parties excluded, by the power
of Government, from their property, are to have suit in Uie Court of
Claims.
Whether that is reasonable attention to the provision of the Consti*
tution that private property shall not be taken for public services with-
out compensation may be within the discretion of Congress. No power
in this country has yet ever undertaken an administration of that kind —
tliat, for ten, fifteen, or twenty dollars, or five hundred dollars' worth of
property taken by the Government in ^ Maine or Texas, the suitors are
to come on here to Washington to prove by local proof — because they
cannot have any other proof; nobody in Washington knows anything
about their case. That is power; that is not an observance of right;
that is not attention to the point that you are to pay people for their
property by giving them a lawsuit at a distance, with no means of
prosecution whatever, except at a great loss to themselves. The answer
is, let them take what the Ghovemment offers. That simplifies it amaz-
ingly.
The Chairman. I should say that practically that provision is of
little importance, for I do not suppose that the Government In build-
ing its lines would in a single instance encroach upon private right;
they would erect their lines along post-routes.
Mr. Eyarts. That may be: but a small right, you know, to an
American citizen, is a very valuable right, especially if it is the only
right he has. I am judging of this measure. It is not an observance
of the constitutional requirement in any sense, as I look at it. But
as you suggested, perhaps, as Mr. Toots says, ^' It is of no consequence.'^
The Chairman. This is an entirely different thing from building a
railroad through a man's farm or through his door-yard. These tele-
graph lines will be confined to postrbads.
Mr. EvARTS. Then there is the seizure clause of the 7th section,
whereby the Secretary of War is authorized to " take and use all such
machinery, appliances, &c., except telegraph lines." You cannot take
them, "whether patented or not"; but if their value is not agreed
upon, the parties are all turned over to the Court of Claims in the way
I have suggested, and there, I think, Mr. Chairman, tliere might be
some substantial rights involved.
Then an effort is made in the 0th section to avoid the inconvenience
of increase of political patronage, by applying civil-service examina-
ARGUMENT OP WILLIAM M. EVABT8 37
tions to the clerks, electricians, and operators. When that service has
operated upon the existing system of patronage, there will be more
confidence in applying it to other systems. It is hardly worth while to
justify the creation of another system as if this conclusive and effectuid
moral purification had been established as one of the institutions of this
country. Two million dollars is appropriated for this^ and the law is
not to prohibit parties from operating telegraph lines.
Mr. Edmunds, in a very careftil and very frank exposition of this bill,
made to the committee, which I have had the advantage of reading in
the public prints, explains this wisdom of the serpent that is found in
this contrivance of the Oovemment.
To the suggestion, '* Why not buy the lines f^ — you take everything
else except these lines — the answer is, "That would be the best way.''
But if you confix)nt the measure in that form, there is no power, he says,
in this country, that he would trust with measuring them — no tribunal
that could do justice between the United States on ^be one side, and
the Western Union Telegraph Company on the other. Well, if justice
cannot be done between these parties by any of the contrivances ftir-
nisbed by our laws and by the character of our people, does it follow
tl^at, therefore, injustice should be done to themf It seems to me that
this is a barrier at the outset to any attempt to deal with this subject
rightlj^ between Government and present proprietors, if there is any-
thing in Mr. Edmunds's proposition. I do not agree to it. I will agree
that the price will be larger, fixed on the principles of justice, than it
will be if it is fixed on the principles of force. I will agree that the
price will be larger if it is fixed upon the intact property that is to be
acquired and preser\'ed for the public use without a break, than it will
be if it is to be shattered, exhausted, depressed, until the fragments only
have to be bought. But thei^B is nothing in that result that tends to
reconcile me to this piecemeal process of cutting down to a value that
finally some power in the country may be able to deal with. It is that
by force you depress, you disparage, you destroy the property until you
have reduced it to a wreck and can then acquire it And the learned
Senator says that when you have got it to that point, he thinks that the
President and the seven members of the Cabinet might be trusted, as
between man and man, to fix a price upon what is left
How would tbissystem work f What would happen f Nominally, the
telegraph lines are not interfered with. Undoubtedly^ until these new
lines are built, there is no practical interference with the service ; the
rates go on ; the emoluments go on. But what becomes of the prop-
erty invested in this lawful, valuable, useful business of the citizens
by 'which the public are served f Who knows the value of each private
person's interest in this aggregate proi>erty from the moment that each
a law as that is passed f It is a threat in the future, as it is a dispar-
agement in the present If one man owned this property, if it were
limited in its area, if it could be marked by metes and bounds, and the
impression of such a law upon itcould be shown, as it could be and would
be at once, it would be seen that this was not an honorable avoid-
ance of the duty of paying for private property when taking it, but
that it was a mode of destroying private property and then paying for
it at its destroyed rate.
Senator Maxbt. According to that bill if certain great lihes shall
radiate from this point to commercial centers, and from those commer-
cial centers to other commercial centers, and the Government conducts
that business, what will become of the telegraph business out in the
oountry at a distance from these great lines i In other words, will that
38 ABOUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVAKT8.
have the effect of depreciating that property so that the people off of
those great lines will not get their business attended to unless the
Government does it?
Mr. Eyabts. It is like stopping the flow of blood in the. arteries <and
then saying, let the minor ramifications take care of themselves. They
wonld take car^ of themselves wonderfully. Take all the blood out of
the jugular vein, or the carotid artery, or the femoral artery, and I do
not know what would be done with the ramitications, but I do not think
there would be as much blood to go into them, nor as much force to
propel it, as if you had not thus interrupted the circulation.
The Chairman. Does Mr. Evarts believe that if the Gk>vemment
should build the truuk lines, as provided for in Senator Edmunds's bill,
it would stop at that point and not complete the system f
Mr. Evarts. I do not believe you would ; but I do not see how that
helps these telegraph companies to know what is going to happen to
them in the future. That is what I wish to argue against — a tentative
dealing, a progressive dealing.
I want you to understand that the people of this country will not
have their telegraph service interrupted in this timid, tentative form
that balks the duty of taking if you are going to take, and paying for
if you are going to have it The absolute interest of the people will
not tolerate any such impractical scheme. Suppose the Western Union
office would shut up the moment the bill should pass ? I do not say this
in the sense of a threat. Suppose the corporation should say, ^^This is
marasmus for our affairs, though perhaps not final dissolution." What
shall we do about it? What can we do about it? What answer is
there ? You have struck a vital blow at the private administration of
a great trust and necessity, and you have not replaced it. Stock has
suffered, I believe, some 4 or 5 per cent, by the pendency of these foren-
sic discussicms before this committee. Still, we cannot always tell what
is the cause of changes on Wall street. '
The Chairman. You will admit that any corporation would have a
perfect right to go on and build competing lines if it saw fit to do so ?
Mr. Evarts. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. They have a perfect right to do it, and they can do it
without molestation.
Mr. Evarts. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. Is Ihere any reason why the Government, in the in-
terest of fifty million people, should not build competing lines without
any regard to existing corporations, when the interests of these fifty mill-
ion people demand that they should have cheap telegraph service?
Mr. Evarts. That question does not touch what I am now consider-
ing, and that is, that the Government should not both do it and not do
it. No government that I know of has undertaken to establish compet-
ing lines and pay the loss out of the Treasury, and fix rates for the pub-
lic good, and at the same time call that competition with private inter-
ests. That is not competition with private interests. It is destruction
of private interests.
The Chairman. You must bear in mind, however that in startmg
any system you must take the first step, and this is only intended to
be the first step.
Mr. Evarts. That is my trouble, that the present propositions merely
break up and destroy, and with the most vague and immeasurable effect
I may overestimate it; you may underestimate it. These private man-
agers are better judges than either of us; they have not declared their
estimate of it. They must look at the tiling as it is before they can
ABGUMENT OF WJLLIAM M. EVART8. 39
anderetaiid it. The notion that the Chairman presents is not compe-
tition by the Government. If this Government were, to-morrow, to pnt
itself upou^ {he proposition of becoming a private proprietor of a tel-
egraph B>;6tem, planned only ni>on the notion of getting the best rates
and })rofit8 for its management of it. and to rival and oust the Western
Union, that I could understand, and I think the Western Union would
beat the Government every time. But that is not the idea. The idea
is that the public interests, supported out of the public Treasury, are
to administer the telegraph service not for gain but for public benefit.
Proper ideas, if you please. I do not question them. But do not call
it competition. Leave money out of the case. It is all public benefit,
paid for by the tax-payers, under the clause of the preamble to the
Constitution in regard to the general welfare, as it is said.
The bill of Mr. Dawes {S. 1016) in the first section says the Post-
master-General shall establish telegraph offices at post-offices, and re-
ceive and transmit telegrams. That is a decree.
There is to be a Fourth Assistant Postmaster-General created to
manage this business. The stamp system is applied to it at fixed rates.
No further charge for mail 6r delivery within half a mile; it is all with-
in the telegraph stamp. Newspaper rates fixed. All the Government
is desired to do here is to turn its post-offices into telegraph stations;
its system of collection and delivery to be applied also to telegraph
messages ; every message that is deposited stamped the Government is
to carry ; letter-boxes are to receive these telegrams, and they are to
be sent if stamped.
But how is the Postmaster-General to do it f You have got the pub-
lic post-offices utilized, as well as the apparatus of collection and the
apparatus of distribution to a certain extent. The Postmaster-Gen-
eral is then authorized to contract with the Postal Telegraph Com-
pany— nobody else— to transmit these messages.. That is to be a
private service. The whole business of transmission is to be a private
service. The Postmaster-General is to furnish office accommodations.
The company has a right to construct lines on post-routes, and shall
provide lines to every postal-telegraph office at the request of the
Postmaster-General. They shall keep the lines in repair and perforni
the service. After 8 per cent, of profits to its stockholders the profits
are to be applied to constructing and extending the lines, and reducing
rates. The Postmaster-General is to pay the crross receipts of this
service, after reserving three cents on each message, to this company.
The corporation is named, is created. It is to have ten thousand
shares at $100^ per share, 20 per cent, paid in, which would be $200,000.
This company may purchase existing lines by agreement. Then if any
telegraph company ofibrs to sell all or a portion of its property, it shall
purchase the same at an arbitrated price, payment to be in cash unless
the seller prefers to take this new company's stock. The company may
construct lines aud increase stock to the amount purchased or con-
structed. Then the company is chartered on condition that it shall
contract with the Postmaster-General for this service at these rates.
The rates are fixed. If it refuses or neglects, its franchise shall de-
termine.
That is all that is attended to. There is not anything to that, except
that this company — a monopoly by law, secured by law — ^besides its ex-
clusive franchise in the occupation and use of public property at a com-
paratively nominal sum, is to have the right and the power to aggre-
gate into its possession and for its profit this entire business of tele-
graphing. It is to be limited to 8 per cent, profit on its stock, and
40 ARGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVART8.
after that its money is to go to IncrcasiDg its property or reducing
rates — no division between the two. It is all to be optional with the
company. What more has the Western Union in the feature of mo-
nopoly than this matter of 8 per cent, dividends — for it has never made
any more— and increase of plant or reduction of rate f But the difficulty
with this corporation is that it runs counter to the whole spirit of the
legislation of modern English^nd modem American law on the subject,
that is determined to strike down forever special privileges for purposes
that can be communicated by general eharter. There is no one single
special privilege possessed by the Western Union Telegraph Company
by law. All that freedom of competition, all that the ordinary im-
pulse to do the service to the best advantage, all that competition can
give, it gives to the public, and all is struck down by this bill providing
for this company of favored names with (200,000 cash in its till and its
immense property given to it by this legislation in the use of the post-
office system, and arrangement and offices and management which is
let loose upon this community with its 8 per cent, income and its in-
definite application of greater earnings to enlarge capital to get 8 per
cent, thereon still and still.
Now all the States are building up in their interest and by their
policy the freedom of corporations, so that it is no longer a privilege
but a common right for people to combine as corporations. The Eng-
lish law allows a certain number of people— a very few — to combine to
do everything that is lawful for a private individual to do. Our legis-
lation, in any of the States, I believe, has not gone as wide as that, but
has opened large areas of employments at will to corporations. This is
an alliance between Government and a corporation that is by law a
monopoly, and that is expected practically to become a monopoly; why
should it not, with these immense benefits conferred by the Govern-
ment ? It is the substitute for the performance of public duty that the
power of this Government is expected to offer to the people of the
United States.
The bill introduced by the honorable chairman of this commit^
(S. 227) ia in its nature and theory an adherence in purpose, and wish,
perhaps, to the postal system, applying it to the telegraph system. It
provides that telegrams may be deposited wherever letters are. The
Postmaster-General may make an estimate of facilities needed to send
them, and shall advertise for proposals after he has made that estimate.
These facilities — and that is the word used in the bill — may include
offers to sell any telegraph or telephone lines, and the Postmaster-
General may buy or contract for the facilities from other parties.
Whenever the Postmaster-General thinks a sufficient length of tele-
graph line has been acquired, he may establish postal-telegraph offices,
extend them as rapidly as possible, and may require a guarantee from
a remote neighborhood where the receipts will be small, that they shall
be sufficient to pay expenses. The rate is fixed at one cent per word
throughout the United States. Mails may be used also, and deliveries
within one mile without further charge. There is an additional rate
for repeated messages. There is an order of service — first the United
States, and* then the public. Then there is this provision, which struck
me as novel : "Any single-rate message may secure priority over all
other single rate messages by prepayment of double the rates." Prac-
tically, I submit to the Chairman, that would end in everybody paying
double rates if their messages were of any importance.
Senator Sawyeb. That is common almost M over Europe.
ARGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVART8. 41
The Chairman. I should say that this bill is based on the general
features of European S3'steras.
Mr. EvARTS. It struck ine as a very dangerous power.
The Chairman. It is found to work very well in Europe.
Mr. Hubbard. The Western Union does the same thing substanti-
ally.
Mr. EvARTS. Then* are many messages sent by rivals in business
that can altbrd to pay a vast rate for preference. It might answer in
Europe, but I do not believe it would answer here. However, that is
by the way.
This bill, I think it will be agreed, is a gradual encroachment, like
the bear behind Munchausen, which finally left Munchausen riding
the bear and not the horse, but the horse moved on at the same speed
as before, notwithstanding the gradual demolition of his faculties. That
pursues the analogy, that for such attempts, I should think, to recog-
nize, not the obligation of the Government to buy out corporations,
buy out business if it undertakes to meddle with their functions, with
their profits, but to favor at least some reasonable arrangement, and
does not take by force. The Postmaster General can establish new
routes and do what he pleases in that respect.^
These measures, in their different forms, are supposed to be justifi-
able, so far as they proceed for taking property under our Constitution
and so far as they enter into the business in competition with and dis-
paragement of hitherto private employments in the habits of our people,
under some paramount duty of the Government to see that this partic-
ular ^rvice is wrested from private occupation. Because 1 think we
can hardly suppose that the nominal leaving of private corporations to
comi>ete with the Government is of any real value to private interests
that are threatened.
And besides, that is insecure. How long would that last if it was
found to interfere with the budget of the Government t Not a day.
The Government, committed to this, and interested to show that it was
a working and successful scheme, would be more and more jealous of
anything like competition at the lucrative parts, where competition
was possible, and the remote parts would be either very ill-served by
the Government or not served at all.
This analogy with the post-office, and this analogy also with foreign
Governments, I propose to discuss somewhat. But first it may be
worth while to lay down what I regard as the power of eminent domain
in the Government. In the first place, the United Stiites docs not pos-
sess at all the power proper of eminent domain in regard to any terri-
tory or property within the States. The right of eminent domain is
but another form of expressing the right of paramount title under the
feudal system, and then simplified under government when feudal
ranks and orders and, motives were all thrust aside ; then it was that
this representation of the lord paramount was left in the government
as the representative of the king. That right is wholly in the States.
The measure of that right is the right of escheat. There is no escheat
to the United States Government of any property in the States: none
whatever. Every inch of territory in each State is subtended oy the
right of eminent domain of the State, and tiie right of escheat is as
extensive and vigorous as the State chooses to maintain it.
Under the Constitution, as it stood before the Virginia amendments
were made, it was very difficult to find any footing for t^e notion that
the United States had any right whatever to take property by compul-
8ion within the States. The careful phrase in regard to property deeded
42 ABGUMENT OF WILLIAM BJ. EVART8.
for such purposes as forts and arsenals even was specially provided for.
In the old Constitution, given underexerciseof governmental authority—
To exercise like authority over all places porchaaed by the consent of the le^U-
tnre of the State, in whicn the same shall oe, for the erection of forts, magazines,
arsenals, dock-yaitls, and other needful buildings.
That was all that n^lated to the acquisition of property by the United
States in the States; and it is only from the permanent clause of the
fifth amendment, from the prohibition against the taking of private
property by force, by will, for public use without just comi>en8ationy
that we infer the power. Those who have studied our politics under-
stand that the Constitution was defended against attacks berore its
adoption for its omission of these various muniments of private rights^
which are now included in the twelve amendments proposed by the
Virginia statesmen and carried willingly by the whole country, bemuse
all its powers were express and affirmative, and they carried no implica-
tions* that would enable the Government to override any of these
limitations that were sought to be established against the exercise of
power. For instance, it was said the United Stat^ cannot legislate in
regard to religion, and the freedom of the press, and so on, because no such
power is conferred. The Virginia statesmen said "that is all very good
doctrine now, but it is qmite as well to have it expressed''; and I tLink
nobody can question the wisdom of these amendments.
I do not deny that the United States Government has certain powers
that it may exercise in regard to property within the territory of the
United States, and of course that covers the whole region of State as
well as Territorial governmental control. But it is not under tUe doc-
trine of eminent domain. It is under the clause allowing the enactment
of laws necessary to carry out particular powers — necessary in a legal
and constitutional sense. Thus, in time of war, there is scarcely any
limitation whatever on the power of the Government. Indeed, it is war,
and war is war, whoever conducts it. It is not law ; it is power, neces-
sity, duty, governed and measured by necessity.
So, too, under the express authorities that are given. with reference
to post-offices and post-roads. Navy, &c. For aught I know, the Gov-
ernment might have power in invitum to take, in a proprietary sense,
property for use. But you will observe that for this public purpose it
could not take property and maintain exclusive governmental jurisdic-
tion over it unless the States consented. There is not an inch within
the States th«t can be acquired by the United States for governmental
control except by the consent of the legislature. The legislature always
concedes it when it is a proper subject. But that is a vital matter.
The doctrine of eminent domain has one other limitation in the proper
sense. It is connected with this matter of soil. It is taking a par-
ticular piee^ of property. I am not talking about there being or not
being other rights. But eminent domain is taking a particular piece
of property because the sovereign needs that particular piece for
public service, and therefore questions of profit or advantage will not
be allowed to control the matter. It is but the ordinary duty of the
Government to pay for it, and it is the privilege of the citizen to know
what it is worth, and not to sell even to the Government unless he
wishes. Even in the despotisms of the Old World Naboth's vineyard
could not have been acquired when Naboth would not sell it. But there
is nothing in the notion of eminent domain that justifies the idea that
this Government has a right to take property at largcj not connected
with locality and with that peremptory necessity, at a price that it
ABQUMENX OF WILLIAM M. EVABT8. 43
Axes, because the owner will not part with it. Let it bay from some-
body else its property at a price that is satisfactory to the GovemmeDt.
It is not an answer to the citizen that whatever he pats a price upon
which the Government thinks is too high, the Government has a right
to take at a price forced upon him by arbitratioa or some other legal
estimate. Then all this matter of the right of this Government must be
found in its necessary exercise — I am not talking about the exact
meaning of necessary— or proper exercise, not measured, however,
by the price for other property, if there are other modes of accom-
plishing the purpK>se. The Government is not entitled by the mere
fact that it thinks the price asked is too high to acquire at a price in
invitum. Eminent domain does not apply.
Now, we have the clause as to post-offices and post-roads. Mr.
Edmunds suggested that even under the financial powers of the Gk>v-
emment there might be authority to take this agency. But the nearest
analogy is to post-offices and post-roads. Is that a very near analogy?
The post-offices and post- roads clause, as a power, has never been ex-
tended by the Government as encouraging or justifying the carriage of
mails; I mean as a system. In some regions it is a necessity. But
where the energies and activities, and resources and capital of the peo-
ple were at service to hire at reasonable rates under competition, the
post-office service has never been carried to that extent ; it has never
been administered to that extent, and the people of the country have
had no experience of any attempt to administer it to that extent. They
have never se n an army of post-office officials that was numbered and
employed in carrying the mails of this country by rail and by coach all
over this country. I do not think that the people of this country incline
to extend the post-office service in that direction. What have they
done ! When they have found that that service might be impeded by
the selfishness or the grasping power of this or that railroad corporation
that must carry the mail, because the Government cannot carry it by
horses where there is a railroad, power has been given to regulate the
rates by law. That is the law of Gk>vemment ; it is not its power or
force.
But look at the iK>st-office service that we have undertaken. This is its
simple basis, that for the people having occasion to transmit their corre-
spondence offices shall be open where the citizens may deposit. The
letters deposited shall be assorted for distribution over the routes, shall
be received at offices where the citizens shall come and get them. Now,
that is all. We have improved it by getting the postal- box stations, by
collections, by personal delivery by mail carriers — useful incidents in
large places. But, after all, it is nothing, but the undertaking of that
duty, and undertaking by contract for all modes of transportation in the
public service, and further by providing security for the correspondence
that the Government i)rotects by penal laws — very severe, too — the se-
crecy of the mails. The Government first, by tradition, was a necessary
depositary of this authority. In the second place, there was always one
very powerful consideration: While the correspondence of people was
vital to them in the preservation of its integrity and secrecy, it should
not be trusted to a less powerful, to a less honorable, custodian than the
Government. These have been the leading ideas. So long as they were
conserved they were imperative, and the rest was lefb open to private
employment in carrying the letters; that is, in the employment by
the Government of private agencies for carrying the letters. Then
there oame an invasion of routes that were profitable by private enter-
prise, and we cannot now treat it as less than an entire system.
44 ARGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVART8.
You will observe in this maDagement of the post-ofiice that it was
never undertaken by the Government and never needed to be under-
taken by the Gk)vemment except what may be called for a general ad-
ministration. The Government undertook that at certain hours of the
day all letters that were found in the boxes should be sent, and at a
certain other hour of the day persons should call and get their letters
at the post-offi* e delivery. And the carriers, who go twice a day and
three times a day, or, as in the city of New York, four or five or six
times a day — ^that is an improvement on the simple plan. That is the
system. In other words, the Gk>vemment never undertook anything
except the transmission, in bulk, of letters, and to deliver at this or
that post-office, in bulk, and then have each person come, at such con-
venience on the part of the postmaster as might b«, to get his letters.
Whereas the business of the telegraph is, upon its own motive, and
history, and necessity, a recent and entirely difierent system. It is not a
trust to give transportation in bulk and distribution in bulk. It wants a
system that proceeds directly between the sender of the particular mes-
sage and the recipient of the particular message, each having a private
and peculiar contract in regard to that one message, and that is th is : That
it is to be received, that it is to be transmitted in order of reception, that
it is to be delivered as a private and personal errand at the moment of
its reception. Is the Government going to undertake that service for a
community like ours, that makes the telegraph the means of transijorta-
tion for three-quarters of the bulk of its messages upon business, for
profit t There are many social errands as well as those of necessity,
and a great many others that might go by mail, no doubt. It seems
to me that, as paramount wants under private contract are thus secured
with the telegaph companies, the people of the country are not ready
to submit the administration of those special, direct interests to the
common, easy-going management of the postoffice or to any manage-
ment which is not protect^ by their recourse for accountability and
for damages if it is found that one message has been delivered out of
its order in preference to another, and injury has been done. They tell
me at the Western Union office that that company has been sued for
fifteen minutes' difference between the reported date which they put
on every message when they hand it to you, of the hour and moment
when it was received, and the time that it was delivered. They are sued
for errors, for faults, and they are errors and faults that the*private in-
terests are not effectually served in unless there is recourse for dam-
ages, and that recourse held in terrorem over the system. But this Gov-
ernment system is sure to end in the assimilation of the telegraph serv-
ice to the postal service, in its generalization and gradual degradation
from being a personal contract with the sender of each message.
Senator Maxey. Upon that point I would like to have your views.
Under the clause of the Constitution granting power to establish post-
offices and post-roads the system of transmission and delivery is exclu-
sively in the Government The Government has exclusive control, and
it has been so decided.
Mr. Bv ARTS. Yes; no doubt.
Senator Maxey. Suppose that under the postal clause of the Consti-
tution this telegraph system is made part of the postal system, would
that be exclusively under the cout3X)l of the Government, like the trans-
mission of letters f I would like to have that understood.
Mr. BvARTS. Well, if ex propria motu ex propria vigore^ that clause
gives the right to bring under it all the new f^ulties, as it is claimed,
in civilization, you would not be able to make any distinction between
ABQUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVABT8. 45
the power of GongreBS under this new facility and the old. But Seua-
tors have not misunderstood my point, and that is, that this Government
has always abstained, even in regard to letters, from doing anything
but furnishing the depositaries and making contracts with private en-
terprise to transmit them.
Senator Wilson. The idea I gathered from the question of Senator
Maxey is this: Whether, if this power belongs to Congress in any
sense, and during a period of its non-exercise it could be exercised by
others, an assumption of the exercise would make that power exclusive
in Gongress.
Mr. EvABTS. Of necessity.
Senator Maxby. The point I make is this: I think the Supreme Court
has decided, in the*Wells-Fargo Express Company matter, that the
Government of the IJnitod States has the exclusive right to transmit
letters, &c.,^ and thstrtEe attempt to do it by express companies or
otherwise is a fraud upon the revenues of the Giovemment in the matter
of its postal charges. Now, the post-offices and post-roads beine under
fhe exclusive control of the Government, if this telegraph is to oecome
a part of the postal system, why should not that be under the exclufiive
control of the Government t
Mr. EvABTS. As a matter of right on the part of the Government, it
would. I do not suxmose that in regard to postal transmission it is not
in the power of the Government to allow concurrent competition, and
it is within the power of the Government to exclude it at any time, and
if this comes in, it must come in under that excluding power.
The Ghaibman. That is a matter of statute.
Mr. EvABTS. Yes.
The Ghaibman. It has nothing to do with the Constitution. There
is nothing to prevent Congress from repealing the statute.
Senator Maxet. But does it not follow that Congress has power to
make it exclusive t
Mr. EvABTS. Yes, it is deposited within the leaves of that power as
a part of that power.
What is the analogy between other Governments and ourst In the
first place, the Governments that have ^ken this up in Europe are those
whose territoty and whose institutions, whose populations and whose
make-up in general may be considered as completed. The only changes
that take place are in the movements of their population to get out of
those countries and come to ours. Besides that, originally the Govern-
ment was the source of all right and authority. But gradually the
people have acquired certain rights which they have insistsd upon at
the utmost extremity from time to time. But in our country changes
are in progress all the while. Population is moving. Territory is being
brought within the range of occupation by great waves, great advances,
and there is nothing like homogeneity in the necessities and notions of
the people of this country from the rim of the Atlantic to the great re-
gions of the intermediate valleys and the coast of the Pacific. We are
making this country all the while. We are making it and have made
it oh the principle that the people are those interested in what was
made, and were the best, the most energetic, the most capable as to
their own interests in thus developing this country. And it has come
to be a maxim and a practice never encroached upon except upon the
most definite and clear right and duty of exception, that the Govern-
ment was not to carry on any business of the people; that it was not,
under schemes of revenue or what not, to undertake that as to which
there can be no competition, to undertake absorption of this or that
^
46 ARGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVABTS.
matter of common right and its common exercise. We have prospered
ander that principle, and we like it; the people like it, and the Oovem-
ment likes it
In the second place, onr administrative system, with all the advan-
tages that it possesses of interesting large masses of oar people in active
politics, does not so completely restrict the questions of appointment
to office to the mere pablic service, and making the occupants of office
so completely mere pablic servants, as the systems of these European
nations. What is needed here, as every one will see, in the administra-
tion of this vast complicated web of millions of private i>er8onal con-
tracts, made for each message, is the vigilant eye, the ready hand of
the master, that, dealing with employes in the proper sense of employ^
justly, kindly, rightly, let us hope, but nevertheless without delibera-
tions of what minor counsels of politicians would say as to whether on
the whole the change of a telegraph operator id for the good of the
neighborhood or the advantage of the party.
^, too, with regard to our public servants distributed all over this
country. There is no one of them thinks of himself once as a public
servant where he thinks of himself a hundred times as a public master.
There is not one of them, that in any habit or line of duty or feeling,
looks on this public administration here in Washington in the relation
entirely of a great Government of which he is a humble member, but
a great representative of a greater constituency of which he himself is
an important member. I do not use this in any other sense than this:
That a postmistress in a little town — and I believe they are very often
found in towns of some considerable size in England and on the Conti-
nent— is nothing but a servant, not in the sense of performing menial
service, but in the sense of an employ^, just as these telegraph opera-
tors under the Western Union Company are now. And the question
always is of fidelity, of duty, of permanence, if they are fidthful and
dutiful, and of removal, without agitating the community, if they »Te
not. So that analogy does not apply.
Another thing. We have not yet given up, and I hoi>e we may never
give up the proposition that whatever may be the great and necessary
powers of the National Gk>vernment and of its authority to execute
them with vigor, a^r all, the essential idea is of tliis people in the frame
of their Constitution, and in its administration, that t^e domestic, every-
day interests of the people are wholly committed to the governments of
the States. It is neighborhood government. Of course, when States
become vast in population, as New York is and as Texas is to be, this
notion of neighborhood government loses some of its force. But, as Mr.
Ellsworth said in the Constitutional convention, when the question
whether a consolidated or a Federal Government was to be determined
upon: ^^For the people of Connecticut, wtBare unwilling to trust the
General Gk)vernment with our domestic interests.'^
We got along very well with no Federal officers distributed through
the country in any important numbers for many years, except in this
very matter of the post-offices; nothing else. There were no internal
taxes. We had considered that the custom-houses should be o& the
sea-ports and on the great lakes, and nowhere else. But now we have
extended the system. The desire of equality — a proper desire— has
carried custom houses away into the interior. And then we had the
internal-revenue system, now being gradually obliterated, and finally,
as may be hoped; and now we are asked to introduce, not a system
limited to the local management of a post-office, leaving the contracts
for the carriage of mail all to be matter of private enterprise and con-
ARGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVART8. 47
tract, but we are asked to introduce a system that is to make Federal
offices and Federal officers for the entire business of carrying on this
postal-telegraph system. An army of 30,000 people, it is said, distributed,
and all, be sure, mingling in that double capacity of public service and
of public management that is inseparable apparently from the holding
of office in this country.
The Chaibman. The president of the Western Union stated the num-
ber between 8,000 and 10,000.
Mr. Eyabts. I remember that there was a considerable range of fig-
ures; but that lefb out all these boys.
The Chairman. The messengers, yes.
Senator Saulsbubt. I think he estimated that, including messen-
gers, there would be 25,000 or 30,000.
Mr. Eyabts. Then there is a class of employes that I do not see to
have appeared much by name; that is a corps of repairers. I believe
they call them linemen, men that^go up the poles with progs in their
heels, and they must b6 a part of the regular corps of servants. You
woula not send officers of the Army up in that way to the top of the
poles, and you cannot go, as we do, to a plumber when there is a leak,
and take our chances of oeing served before the next frost. We musr
have this corps. I do not know what their number would be, I am
sure. You may be sure there would not be any fewer of them than was
necessary. Ko member of Congress would want any fewer in his dis-
trict than there were in some other district ; and if there were fewer,
his constituency would have a new member of Congress that would see
after their interests. This is a very serious matter.
The Chaibman. There are over 60,000 men in the post-offices of the
country, and; to a large extent, the postmasters and clerks will do the
telegraph work without an increase in the force.
Mr. Eyabts. I am aware of that. Mr. Edmunds estimated that there
would be only about one-third additional required.
The Chaibman. It would not be so large an addition on the present
amount of business.
Mr. Eyabts. I am aware that a great many men in the postal service
do not do anything now, and they could do it just as well with two em-
ployments as with one, I should think.
Senator Bawyeb. A great many of the employes are now in the em-
ploy of railroad companies ; that would reduce the number very much.
Mr. Eyabts. Yes; that I understand. All that has been considered
by Mr. Green, and by Mr. Hubbard in his article, and I do not wish to
reconsider these matters; I wish only to treat of the important traits
of the system.
There are two interests to be considered ; first, as to construction ;
and, second, as to maintenance, as I have adverted, more or less, to
what may be applicable to both. Of course I am talking of other sys-
tems than that which fairly presents the Government as purchasers to
the telegraph companies that are now occupying the ground and per-
forming the business, and as in any lawfid pursuit, and have invested
scores of millions of dollars ; and I am talking about dealing with it
in some other way than that of coming frankly forward and saying,
^^We wish to take your system : it is impossible that there could 1^
competition between us and you oecause your motives are gain and our
motives are public service.^ Indeed, Mr. Edmunds says, in regard to
his process of reducing these corporations to reasonable terms, that it
will operate upon their interest and their patriotism. People have got
to be patriotic and sell their property to the Government. Why should
48 ABOUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EYABTS.
not the Government be datiful to the people and pay them what it is
worth f I am talking aboat other modes than that. Construction will
go on, no doubt, Mr. Edmunds thinks, when be suffgested to your com-
mittee that the gradual working of this business will gradually compel
all these people, suitors to the Government, to take their proi)erty off
their hands at any price. That does not seem to be a justifiable pur-
pose of any Government, much less of a Government with whom the
people are paramount from every consideration. But I cannot pay at-
tention to motives and plans that end, in their victory, in such subju-
gation of private interests.
Kow we come to construction. We have one department of the
Government in which there cannot properly be competition, perhaps,
because the Government is responsible that every possible provision
shall be made for the stress of naval engagement and supremacy. I
am not expressing popular opinion at variance with that of discussions
in Congress, but I believe that by concurrence between the discussions
in Congress and public opinion, our Kavy, for some reason or other, has
been built down, as we may say, to the water's edge. I do not see that
there is much left in the way of the building of that Navy that will not
end in its absolute submersion. I think the Navy Department — I do not
refer to persons— or the province of the Navy, may be fairly said to be
under our experience a province in which men accumulate and ships de-
cay. I do not see that there is much encouragement in our experience
in this branch of the public service.
Mr. HuBBABD. Is it more than the private navy t
Mr. EvABTS. The private navy is subject to the law of competition,
built for trade. The Government Navy is not built for trade. I am
told that our custom-house at Chicago, which under oar system has
been a Government structure, was burnt down in the great fire ; Chi-
cago has been built up and burnt down again and rebuilt, and the
people have forgotten that there was ever a fire there, and our custom-
house is not finished yet, and the floors, they say, are worn out before
the building is finished. We have investigations everywhere about
supervising architects, under our system of public buildings distributed
all over the country, a system w^ch I certainly have no aversion to
and have no doubt has been administered as well as it is easy for a Gov-
ernment to administer such things.
I do not think our people have any particular confidence that our
system is so well framed for managing property and private enterprises
and interests as the people themselves are^ and when it comes to ad-
ministration, if you actually carry on business, which the post-office
does not do and never has, on this scale and of this peculiar nature, I
do not believe the people would have the least confidence in its man-
agement. There would be a reaction, which, if Congress did not
repress under this power that Senator Maxey has suggested, would
lead to private lines on the great routes where the public could make
an individual contract for every message for its specific performance
and have their recourse for damages. But to enter upon that enterprise
would be at the risk, the admitted risk, of the Government undertak-
ing to suppress it in order to swell its own revenues and protect the
Government telegraph. Whether the people in England are as well
ser\^ed as here — which I do not believe — or in France, or in Germany,
they could not be as well served on the outskirts when the population
is moving and moving all the while, and which insists that in its ex-
tremities it shall feel now the full vital current of our prosperous wealth
and of our advanced civilization. No emigrant goes to the farthest
AHGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EVABTS. 4^
point now with any expectation of privation or separation from sympa-
thy, from knowledge, or from the gratifications of civilization. The
railroads and telegraphs are in advance of the settler and pull him
along into civilization. He is not driven, as before, by necessities, out
of civilization into a trial of hardship, or sufiering, or privation.
Now let us look a little at the existing law, and that is the law of 1866,
for I have occupied now more time than I think it was right to ask you to
listen to me, or than I supposed I should wish to fill out. That law is not
a contract with telegraph companies that the Government will ever buy
their routes or any part of them. It is not a contract that was meant to
call into exercise the powers of government by eminent domain, or the
war powers, or what not. But it is, in the sense in which citizens have a>
right to deal with the Oovemment, which is a footing different frt)m that
between citizen and citizen, where each party is under no obligation to-
the other, and each is making a contract of interest — an interest in th&
sense of value and money — ^but in the sense in which citizens make con-
tracts with Government as to a policy, as to a power, as to a purpose;
it is in every proper sense a contract, or understanding, or agreement
that the Gk>vernment recognizes this property, as all property, to be un-
der its protection ; and that, as there is pending — floating, if you please^
in the future — an idea that the Government may need to take and ad-
minister this system, that these companies shall not push the Govern-
ment to an exercise against an unwilling people and against the habita
of a free people, of compulsory subjection of these great investments to
the purposes of the Government; and it takes from this people, thus upon
the consideration of the advantages accorded to them besides, the coun-
tervailing service to the Government of carrying at rates that the Govern-
ment may fix. For we yielded a great deal there, although to a Govern-
ment ; we did not yield it to private companies ; it is to a Government that
citizens yield these things, to a Government that has no sordid, no calcu-
lating, no competing interests with private persons, but is controlled by
motives wholly pertaining to Government that can do no wrong, that
cannot be assumed to meditate any wrong. The Government then said
to them. ^^Do not push this Government to the necessity of dealing with
your collected and aggregated properties in invitum against the will and
the habits of private interests and of free society; tell us now that after
five years, giving you space to accommodate your interests to it, you agree
that we may have an arbitration to determine by consent what your prop-
erty shall be taken at." When you consider that this is not an adverse
communication, an accommodation of adverse interests between private
parties, you see that tiiis law has taken upon it in shape and vigor, in
motive and in morals, every obligation of this Government to deal with
these people, if this substituted management by the public shall be im-
pressed upon this property, the acquisition of it, not at the price of the
Government, not at the price of the parties^ but as all other people fix
what is a regular and a just price. These immense investments have
been made nuder that idea, as an alternative, that unlimited profit wa»
no longer at their commano, that the Government had given them no-
tice ^^ We may conclude after five years that the public must administer
this public service, and we do not want to have a resistance to us under
the right of eminent domain, under the tyranny, as it will be called; and
now it is necessary that you will not assume to fix a price yourselves^
and stand upon your rights, but that you will agree that whenever the
price is fixed upon methods that are just, you wouhl sell this property."
Undoubtedly, the Government desired that; undoubtedly, these people
felt that they must concede it; but they felt, having conceded it, that
8. Bep. 677, pt 2 4
50 ARGUMENT OF WILLIAM M. EYABT8.
they had a right to go on and inveat their property, inviting the prop
^rty of the unprotected part of the community, not the specolators, not
the operators, not the capitalists, but all who looked at the stock markets
and the dividends to determine whetiier an investment was valuable or
not for their frugal means — ^they had a right to feel thus and to hold
out to the people of the United States that after the statute of 1866 we
are sure to continue the business, or we are to have it taken off oar
liands at a fair valuation. And see what the Government got by' that
They secured, to be t^en into the calculation of all these companies,
this obligation and exposure: that unless they did perform a great and
valuable service to the acceptance of the public at large, nidess they
did graduate their rates to the enl^urged revenues and the cheapened
processes, this contract, that they had made, laid them at the feet of the
Government without recourse and without com|>laint tx> the substita*
tion of ownership and management by the Government aiK>n this stipa-
lated compensation.
STATEMENT
OF
MR. GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
Fridapj February 8, 1884.
Mr. Gasdineb O. Hubbabd appeared before the oommittee and
made the following statement :
Mr. Chairman and Obntlbmen of the Oommittbb. Mr. Evartfi
commenced his argument yesterday by a statement of the causes which
in his opinion had led to the interest which prevails at the present tiifte
upon the subject of postal telegraphy. Perhaps I can do no better than
by giving my views.
The first publication that I ever made on the postal telegraph was in
July, 1868, and in the winter following I appeared before this commit-
tee. I then urged as the main grounds for a postal telegraph the same
reasons on which I now rely : That the rates are too high and irregu-
lar; then there was one rate for a telegram fix>m New York in one direc-
tion 50 or 100 mileSy another rate to a place at a corresponding distance
on the other side ; the rates were higher in the West than in the East,
higher in the South than in the West, higher on the Pacific slope than
on the Atlantic coast; that in point of fact there was no system, every-
thing was in a chaotic state ; that the average rate was over a dollar
per message. I also stated that the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, being a monopoly, did not employ the latest patents and most
approved instruments, and that tiiere was then an invention of Mr.
Steams in operation in this city by which messages were sent in oppo-
site directions at the same time on a single wire. Mr. Orton, the presi-
dent of the Western Union (Company derided the idea. The committee
went with me and witnessed the operation of that instrument, and as
Mr. Orton subsequently told me. before he left Washington he had com-
menced negotiations which resulted in the purchase of that patent, firom
whence followed the development of the duplex and quadruplex sys-
tems. The next year we came before the committee again. During the
year the company had tabulated and reduced their rates.
51
i
52 STATEMENT OF GABDINEB O. HUBBARD.
Tbeu other improveineDt8 were suggested, among them that messages
shouJd be sent in the night time at half rates. Mr. Orton ridicul^ this
idea, but before the following session of Congress half rates had been
introduced, and that argument was taken away from me.
And so, year after year, as new objections were presented, those de-
fects were remedied and the system improved. In the course of these
discussions I stated that it was one of the peculiarities of the telegniphic
business that every great reduction of rates was followed by a large io-
crease in the number of messages, without a corresponding increase in
the expenses. This Mr. i. rton and Mr. Wells, in arguments submitted
to this committee on behalf of the Western Union, deni^, saying that
as the expenses increased with the volume of business Mr. Hnbbard^s
hypothesis was incorrect, and no great reduction in rates was |)ossible.
What are the facts of the case, as shown by the reports of the West-
ern Union Telegraph Company t Mr. Orton, in one of his reports says
that the reduction was hastened by the Western Union in consequence
of these proceedings. In 1868, the year before this discussion com-
menced, as appears by reference to the report for 1878, the rates were
reduced 5 mills; the next year, 1869', 15 cents; tlie next year 13 cents;
the next year 6 cents; the next year 3 cents ; the next year 3 cents; the
next year 7 cents; the next year 9 mills; the next year 3 cents; the
next year 7 cents, and the next year (1878) 4 cents. And there, gentle-
men, the reports of the reduction cease. The rates were reduced in ten
years from (1.04 to 38.9 cents.
The Chairman. Those are the average rates t
Mr. HuBBABD. Those are the average rates. As the result of these
discussions before this committee the rates were reduced from $1.04 to
38.9 cents, and they have never been reduced, according to the letter of
Dr. Green to me,* but 9 mills from that time to the present. The aver-
a^^e cost was reduced from 63 cents to 25 cents.
The Chaibman. What do you mean by the average cost t
Mr. HuBBABD. The average cost of transmission per message.
The Chaibman. That is, the cost to the company f
Mr. HuBBABD. The cost to the company.
Senator Sawyeb. Does that take in the interest on the capital or
just the operating f
Mr. HuBBABD. It includes the operating expenses and the rentals of
leased lines, but not the profits upon the business.
Senator Sawyeb. It is their actual expenses f
Mr. HuBBABD. Their actual operating expenses and the rentals of
the leased lines.
We will next ascertain the effect of these reductions upon the busi-
ness of the company. First. It increased the number of telegrams from
6,000,000 to 24,000,000—400 per cent. Second. It increased the ex-
penses from $4,000,000 to $6,000,000— only 50 per cent. ; four times as
much business with an increase of cmly 50 per cent, in expenses. Third.
It increased the net profits from $2,600,000 to $3,500,000—48 per cent
When it appeared that the Western Union had determined to continue
the reductions of rates I felt that my mission was performed ; that if
they persisted in this course the people would have what they princi-
pally desired — a low and soon uniform rate of telegraphing. Mr. Orton
was so thoroughly convinced of the truth of my propositions that in the
year 1878 he recommended to the executive committee of his company
a reduction of their highest rate, which was then, I think, $3, to $1-
* See North American Beyiew for December, 1883, page 5'2A,
STATEMENT OP GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 53
The execative committee redaced it to $1.60 ; and yet within less than
a year Mr. Orton told me that at that rate the profits were greater than
under the higher rate.
In 1878 the Western Union ceased to report the average rate, cost,
or profit upon the transmission of messages. If we examine the reports
of the Western Union we shall find that about that time there was a
change in the policy of the company. The capital, from the year 1866
down to 1878 had remained unchanged, except that in one of the years
tiie Western Union reduced its capital about $7,000^000, using the money
in the treasury to buy this stock, retaining it as an asset in the treas-
ury. In the yeai* 1879 the policy was changed. A stock dividend of
$5,000,000 was made. In the year 1881 two other stock dividends were
made of $20,000,000. Mr. Evarts was not acquainted with all the facts
of the case relating to the transactions of that year, and he did not
on that account state the true effect of the contract which in that year
was made with the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company. He stated
that the Atlantic and Pacific were paid a certain sum in the stock of the
Western Union for their rights and franchise. In 1877 the Western
Union purchased a controlling interest in the lines of the Atlantic and
Pacific Telegraph Company, or 72,000 shares, for $25 a share. This
gave them the complete control and management, and by the purchase
of the remaining shares it saved a few office expenses and a small divi-
dend upon those shares.
Senator Wilson. What was the par value of those shares f
Mr. Hubbard. The par value of those shares was $100. In 1881 the
Western Union purchased the remaining stock, 6,800 shares, at $60 per
share, although worth less at that time than the 7,200 shares were
worth in the year 1877. They also issued their own stock at the rate of
$60 a share for the 7,200 shares in their treasury, and made a stock
dividend of that amount, or $4,320,000 to their stockholders.
Senator Saulsbubt. Then they paid more for the remaining stoek
which they purchased at $60 per share than the market value at that
time.
Mr. Hubbard. I am very sorry that there are no representatives of
the Western Union here, and therefore I trust that the chairman will
submit these remarks to them when they are printed, so that if I make
any mistakes in the facts of the case they may be corrected. They are
important statements that I am now about to make, and I do not wish
to have the committee rely simply upon my assertion.
The question of Senator Saulsbury, as I understand, is this: Was
the property worth $60 in 1881 1 .
Senator Saulsburt. Yes; was that the market value of the stock of
which they bought the remaining shares f
Mr. Hubbard. I think the market value was much less. The At-
lantic and Pacific Telegraph Company was then controlled by the West-
ern Union, and its dividends were very small. If common report is
correct this stock was mainly held by parties largely interested in the
Western Union Telegraph Company. So that it was not like going into .
the open market and buying stock ; but here the seller and the buyer
were the same party, and therefore the price was easily fixed.
At the same time the purchase was made of the lines of the American
Union, for which $15,000,000 in stock was paid. Bumor also says that
the same parties who held the American Union stock held the stock of
the Western Union. They therefore made a contract at a price to suit
themselves. They consulted their own interests, but not the interests
of the public.
ik
54 STATEMENT OF QABDINEB Q. HUBBARD.
Mr. Bvarta says Uie bosinesB of the Western TJnion is to earn diYl
dends for its stockholders. But here, Mr. Chairman, I beg to take issue
with Mr. Evarts. The Western Union is not a private corporation, bat
a quoii public corporation, with daties primarily to the pnblic, second*
anly to its stockholders. Bat the execative committee issued as mach
stock as they thoaght the pnblic would pay dividends upon. And that
is the criterion of the value they placed upon the stock of the Atlantic
and Pacific Telegraph Company and of the amount of stock which they
issued for the American Union, $23,000,000. No wonder, gentlemen,
they ceased reducing rates and heaped capital upon capital for the
purpose of exacting from the public all the money they could.
But they did not stop here ; they were not yet content. They build
cables across the Atlantic at a co3t of $5,000,000 or $6,000,000, which
were of little value, as they had no connection on the other side of the
water, and only a poor connection on this side. If the Western Union
Telegraph Company leased them they would become of immediate value;
and so the Western Union leased these cables for $700,000 a year, rep-
resenting at 5 per cent, a capital of $14,000,000. It wa^s the lease that
made them valuable, and not the cables, for the Western Union Tele-
graph Company went to the managers of the Atlantic cables and said,
<^ Oentlemen, we control the entire business from America to Europe,
and can secure a portion of the business from Europe to America ; are
you now willing to pool this business, or shall we run in opposition to
you f " The cable companies agreed to pool the business. And thus
the cost of cabling from one country to the other is increased, as well
as the cost of telegraphing on this side of the water, with little if any
gain to the Western Union, and an almost certainty of loss if other
cables are started.
Senator Palheb. The first rate for cable messages was $1 a word, I
believe t
Mr. HUBBABB. Yes, sir.
Senator Palmeb. Then it was reduced to 2 francs.
Mr.HuBBABD. Yes, sir; it was subsequently reduced to that amount,
but not until very recently.
Senator Palmeb. Have they ever been lower than thatt
Mr. Hubbabd. Yes, sir.
Senator Palmeb. Were they before the combination f
Mr. Hubbabd. Before the combination the rate was 12} cents a word.
Senator Palmeb. And after the combination the rates were raised f
Mr. HuBBABB. After the combination the rates were raised. The
natural result of buying these lines "was more competition. Very soon
the Mutual Union was formed. Parties, as rumor says, interested in
the Western Union purchased an interest in the Mutual Union, and then
the Mutual Union was leased at $500,000 a year, representing 5 per
cent, interest upon $10,000,000 ; but instead of further watering the
stock the cost of telegraphing was increased by adding the rental to the
expenses.
Nor was this all, for about the same time a question arose as to the
lines of the Northwestern Telegraph Company that had been running in
connection with the Western Union. Should the Western Union lease
them or run opposition lines through their territory f The stock of the
Northwestern Company was doubled, and its lines leased by the Western
Union at this inflated value. So that question was solved and a new
burden heaped upon the public.
Is this the way that a great company should treat the public, or even
its own stockholders? Did they not know that by this course newcom-
STATEMENT OF GABDINEB G. HUBBABD. 55
petition would arise t If they had only studied the history of the tele-
graph, and some of the directors must have known it, they would have
foreseen the result, for prior to the Atlantic and Pacific the Pacific and
Atlantic had been bought out; prior to that the Franklin; prior to that
the Merchants and Brokers'; prior to that the United States; prior to
that the American, and so on od infinitum. The whole history of the
Western Union, from its commencement, in 1858, down to the present
time, with the exception of ten years, from 1868 to 1878, has been a
succession of purchases of competing lines, paying two or three for one^
throwing extra burdens upon the people, and adding debt to debt and
stock to stock.
It is these things, Mr. Chairman, it is this change in the policy of the
Western Union that has led the public to inquire if this thing has not
gone far enough ; if it is not time that the interests of the pubUc should
be consulted ; if enough has not been done for the stockholders, and if the
public have not some rights which should be regarded.
But Mr. Evarts and. Dr. Green say if the public wish to go into the
telegraph business they are welcome to do so, provided they will pur-
chase the lines of the Western Union at an appraisement. They say,
and truly, that the business of telegraphing is and must be a monox)oly,
whether carried on by the Government or by the Western Union Tele-
graph Company. It is true, other competing companies have been lately
started. There are the Postal Telegraph Company, the Bankers and
Brokers', the Baltimore and Ohio, each of those with capitals larger in
proportion to the lines and business than that of the Western Union.
The newspapers say that Mr. Garrett will be here to-morrow, when he
will tell you that he does not propose to be bought up. So he said in
1877 and 1878, when he built lines for the Baltimore and Ohio. But
subsequently he became a director in one of the competing lines, and
sold out to the Western Union, as he is bound to do again.
Mr. Beiff. That is not correct, Mr. Hubbard. He never sold any
lines. His lines were built for him. So neither of those statements
can be correct. '
Mr. HxTBBABD. I am not in the habit, gentlemen, of making state-
ments witJiOut some authority for them. In 1877 and 1878 the Balti-
more and Ohio built certain Unes of telegraph. Subsequently, as you
will find by reference to a recent number of the National BepubUcan^
Mr. Garrett became a director in one of the opposition lines to which
I have referred, and that company, according to his own statement,
sold out its lines which had cost $4,000,000 to the Western Union for
$15,000,000. That is Mr. Garrett's statement, as published in a late
number of the National Bepublican, and that is partly my authority.
Mr. Beiff. K the chairman will allow me, lest a wrong impression
should be created concerning this, I will state what Mr. Garrett did say
and did do. He did become a director in the American Union, but it
was for the purpose of allying the lines of the Baltimore and Ohio sys-
tem with that line, and so build up competition. He became a director
with that view. He had no part in selling the American Union to the
Western Union, because he was a minority. And this is what he did
not do : He did not allow the interests of the Baltimoi*e and Ohio to be
transferred. The Baltimore and Ohio system remains intact.
The Ohaibman. As I understand Mr. Eeiff, he first sold his interest
in the Baltimore and Ohio to the American Union.
Mr. Beiff. No, sir; he agreed to ally his interests with them by con-
tract; but that contract was not ready to be carried out when the Amer-
ican Union was transferred to the Western Union*
S6 STATEMENT OP GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
Mr. Hubbard. Then, as I nnderstand it, he agreed to ally his lines
'With the American Union ; became a director in that company and as
« minority stockholder, was forced to sell lines which cost $4,000,000,
according to his own statement, for $15,000,000.
Mr. Beiff. Mr. Hubbard is quite correct when he says the American
Union was sold for $15,000,000 stock ; that is true. Bnt the contract
of alliance which Mr. Garrett made for his own system of lines with the
American Union was not allowed to be transfen^ed.
The Chairman. Bnt these lines were transferred t
Mr. Beiff. The American Union, which was a separate company,
T^as transferred. Mr. OaiTctt had a stock interest in the American
Union. That went over. Bat the Garrett lines of telegraph did not
^o over.
Senator Palmer. He was personally benefited, then, by the transfer!
Mr. Beiff. Tes ; I suppose he was, to the extent of the profit on his
money invested. But he afterwards withdrew from the American
Union.
Senator Wilson. What was the proportionate valne of the Baltimore
and Ohio lines involved in that agreement as compared with the value
of the American Union t
Mr. Beiff. In regard to mileage t
Senator Wilson. No ; as to the comparative value.
Mr. Beiff. There was never any cash value placed upon the Balti-
more and Ohio lines in that transaction.
Senator Wilson. I understand that; but I am speaking of what
would have been a fair estimate of the value, or what it was considered
at the time was the value, of the Baltimore and Ohio lines Involved in
that agreement and which were withheld from the arrangement between
the American Union and the Western Union.
Mr. Beiff. They were considered valuable in this, that they were
in shape not to be transferred except by consent of the Baltimore aud
Ohio Bailroad Company, and that railroad reached from Baltimore over
the entire Baltimore and Ohio system to Chicago, Saint Louis, and
Oiucinnati.
Senator Wilson. Was it supposed that they were of^ say, equal value
with the lines that entered into the other t
Mr. Beiff. Oh, no, sir.
Senator Palmer. What was their relative value, Mr. Wilson wants
to know t
Mr. Beiff. I do not believe the Baltimore and Ohio system, at that
time, was equal in mileage to 15 per cent. ; they have been largely in-
creased since.
Senator Palmer. On the whole t
Mr. Beiff. On the whole American Uni on lines.
Senator Palmer. The American Union and the Baltimore and Ohio.
Mr. Beiff. No, sir.
Senator Palmer. 15 per cent, of the whole f
Mr. Beiff. No, sir ; I mean of the American Union proper.
Mr. Hubbard. We will get at the truth after awhile. If I under-
stand it, the Baltimore and Ohio bunt its lines and made an alliance with
the American Union. Mr. Garrett became a director in that company,
and as a protesting minority stockholder these lines sold out, which he
says were worth about $4,000,000, for $15,000,000, he all the time pro-
testing.
Mr. Beiff. I do not say he protested. The point I make is that he
did not allow his railroad line to go over.
STATEMENT OF GARDINER O. HUBBARD. 57
Mr. HxTBBARD. I beg pardon; I thought yon used the word. Dr
Oreen stated the other day that the Western Union owned the Balti-
more and Ohio lines, and that a snit was now landing which would be
decided in its favor, giving it the ownership of those lines. The evi-
dence, as we now havQ it, is that the Western Union believed they were
buying those lines of Mr. Gharrett, and that Mr. Garret supposed he was
selling them.
Mr. Bbipf. That claim of the Western Union was on an old contract
made a good many years ago, which the Baltimore & Ohio insisted had
lapsed with time. It has no relation to any transfer matters with the
Atlantic and Pacific or the American Union.
Mr. Hi^BBARD. It is a matter of entire indifference to me how this
point shall be settled. It has nothing to do with the merits of the case.
My proposition is that the telegraph business is, and of necessity must
be, a monopoly ; that it always has been a monopoly ; that it always
will be a monopoly ; that it is not for the interest of the country nor
lor the interest of the companies that competing lines should be estab-
lished ; where consolidation is possible there competition is impossible.
What is a competing line good for so far as the public is concerned t
Within the year past there were three offices in the Wiilard block in this
city, each having competing lines, each sending messages to New York.
The effect of such competition is simply to increase the cost of the
business without adding one farthing to the accommodation of the public.
It is the interest of the public and &e companies, that they should con-
solidate, and what is for their interest they will do. You cannot prevent
consolidation, try what you will. The telegraph is bound to be a mono^
oly, whether managed by the Government or by private corporation8^v
It is true, as Mr. Evarts has stated, that if the Government build
lines and fix th e charges at the rates proposed in one of the bills before
the committee, there will be an enormous deficit year by year. The
Treasury will pay those losses, and as no private company can compete
with the Government, the Western Union will be ruined, must be ruined.
Mr. Evarts says, that being the case, you are bound, gentlemen, by the
act of 1866, and by common honesty, to take our lines at an appraised
valuation. As I understand and have always been informed in regard
to this act of 1866 [addressing Senator Wilson] — passed when you wSfe
in Congress.
Senator Wilson. Yes, I was here in 1866.
Mr. Hubbard. Then you can perhaps correct me if I am wrong. An
application was made at that time for the incorporation of the National
Telegraph Company, and a hearing was had before the Judiciary Com-
mittee. Were you a member of that committee then t
Senator Wilson. Yes, of the House.
Mr. Hubbard. I think it was in the House. Several telegraph com-
panies were present that wanted to obtain certain privileges which the
Government alone coAld give. They compromised various opposing
interests, and this act of 1866 was passed at the request of the telegraph
companies, giving certain rights to them. A provision was inserted in
the act that the Government should have the right to buy the lines at
an appraisement; but the act was not binding upon any company unless
the company in writing accepted its provisions. The Western Union
and the other companies accepted those provisions, and are thereby
bocmd to sell out if the Government wishes to buy.
Mr. Evarts says that while the Government have thQ power to erect
neyi lines it would be an arbitrary and unjust exercise of power unless
it buys the lines of the Western Union Telegraph Company. I admit
58 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G HUBBARD.
>
fully the proposition of Mr. Evarts, if the capital of the Western UnioD
had been contributed by the stockholders, and if its great plant had
been built up by their money. But what are the facts of the case f
Have the stockholders put their hands into their own pockets and built
the lines, or have they put their hands into the pockets of the public
for that purpose t That is the question. Examine their reports, and
you will find that they commenced in 1866 with 75,000 miles of wire,
and that in 1883 they had 432,000 miles of wire ; then 5,000,000 mes-
sages, now 41,000,000. Not a particle of money has come out of their
pockets, but these lines were built from the profits of the business over
and above the cash dividends of over $30,000,000, and 925,800,000 in
stock dividends. It seems to me, gentlemen, that the power is on the
side of the monoi)oly, and the right on the side of the public. This
monopoly has taken the money from the people to construct these hnes,
and now says to the public, ^^ If you wish these lines, having paid for
them once, you must pay for them over again."
Senator Wilson. Have you ever given attention to the matter of as-
certaining how much of the capital of the stockholders went iuto the
construction of the lines in fact t
Senator Jackson. Actual cash invested.
Senator Wilson. Yes ; actual cash invested by the stockholders of
the companies.
Mr. HuBBABD. I suppose that the stockholders propw of the Westeni
Union have put in in actual cash about $500,000. I do not think
they can show tliat they have ever put in mcure than $500,000. But
^hat is not quite a fair statement, for the Western Union have pur-
chased competing lines, whidi have cost money, and paid for th^n by
the issue of the stock.
Senator Wilson. That wonki be fair to include that in yoor answer
to my suggestion.
Mr. HuBBABD. I tiiink there has been, of actual cash, pot in either
by the Western Union or by other companies, about $5,000,000 ; less
probably than more.
The following statement is I believe sabstantially correct, and shows
how the capital was made up :
In 1868 its capital stock was t38&,700 0(>
Subsequently, stock was issued for the following purposes :
1858-1666. For cash at different times 167,200 (K^
For bonds and fractions of stock dividends 146,600 00
For other objects 182,053 55
For stock dividends 17,810,146 4S
For lines purchased 3,322,000 00
January 6, 1866. Total capital |22,013»700 OO
1866. Stock for United States Telegraph Company and United States
Pacific Telegraph Company 7,216,300 OO
Stock for American Telegraph Company ^ $3, 833, 100 00
JPor dividends to American Telegrapn Company. 8,060,000 00
11, «33, 100 00
1866. Total capital... A 41,063,100 00
The Ghatbman. You have stated that if the provision in the bill which
I introduced was carried out, fixing the rate at a cent a word, it would
result in an enormous deficit. I would like to refer you to the report of
the Western Fnion for 1883, in which they show that they transmitted
"^ver 40,000,0.00 messages, and that the total expense of the company
STATEMEUT OF QARDIKEB O. HUBBARD. 5&
for that year for all purposes was about $11,000,000. I woald like to
have you state the ground for the proposition you have made.
Mr. HuBBABD. The average cost to the Western Union Telegraph
Company is 25 cents i>er message— 3 cents higher than it was three years
ago, caused by the extra rentals, in part, which have been thrown upon
the expenses. Those charges are divided about equally between charges
dependent upon the distance of transmission and charges which are not
affected by the distance of transmission. . That is, of the 25 cents, about
14 cents are for operators and instruments, the cost of which increases
somewhat as the distance increases. The other 11 cents are for office
expenses, delivery, and other similar items which are independent of
distance and are the same whether a message is sent 10 miles or 1,000
miles. The average cost'is 25 cents. The average distance of trans-
mission is about 300 miles. K sent less than 300 miles the expenses are
reduced to 14 or 15 cents. If sent a greater distance the cost is increased
to about 32 cents. If you sent a message from New York to San Fran-
cisco containing twenty words at 1 cent a word you would collect 20
cents, while the cost wUl be at least 32 cents. The telegraph will be
used more and more on long distances than now, with Uttle increase
on the business between the cities on the Atlantic Coast, because at 1
cent a word the charge for twenty words would be higher than the present
rate, 15 cents. There will be no increase in the business from New York
to Bradford, between the two oil exchanges, where it is only 10 cents.
The entire increase in business will be on the longer routes, where the
expenses will mount up. So that at the end of the first year you will
have a very large deficit to face.
The Chaibman. Let us see about that. In the first place, you as-
sume that the messages will be shorter than they are now.
Mr. Hdbbabd. I will give that up. I am inclined to think they will
be longer.
The Chaibmak. Yes, longer on account of the cheaper rate.
Mr. HuBBABD. Yes.
The Chatbman. You speak about the increased number of messages
for the longer distances. Take the distance, say, firom here to Chicago;
there would be an enormous increase in that portion of the busuiess.
Mr. HuBBABD. Yes, there would be an enormous increase between
those places, and a large profit unless t^e greater part of the business
is now done at a large discount from the nominal rate, which I believe
is the case.
The Chaibman. Is it any more expensive really to send a message
from Washington to Chicago than from Washington to New York t
Mr. HuBBABD. It is very little more exx>ensi ve to send a message from
Washington to Chicago than from Washington to New York, but it
costs considerable more to send a message to a place ten miles this side
of Chicago than to Chicago, or to New York. With the present im-
proved wires a message can be sent to-day from New York to San Fran-
cisco for a less sum than to some offices within twenty -five miles of New
York.
The true way, if your bill should be adopted by the committee — ^with
all due respect to the chairman and to the committee — will be to have
two rates; one under a thousand miles and the other over. You cannot,
within any reasonable period, construct lines enough to transact the
business which would be offered at these rates between distant offices.
You cannot find wire enough to build them, nor operators enough to
operate the lines; and for the protection of tne system itself you must
have a discrimination in rates for day messages, or you will fail, for
60 STATEMENT OF OABDIKEB G. HIJBBABD.
night messages a uniform rate, and after the business is fairly inauga-
rated, say, in Ave or six years, you can maintain a uniform rate of one
«ent a word.
Senator Palmbb. I understood Dr. Oreen to say that in messages
•over long distances a repetition was essential, and that increased the
<X)st. How do you regard that statement f For instance, I understood
you to say now that you could send a message to San Francisco cheaper
than you could to some i)oint within twenty -five miles of New York.
Mr. HuBBABD. My statement was a little more guarded than that
I said if the best lines were in operation from New York to San Fran-
•cisco, you could send messages cheaper than to some places within 25
miles of New York. Now let me explain. Under the old system, with
small wires, lines badly erected, a message could not be transmitted over
IJOO miles without repetition, they were then received by one operator
and transmitted by another. Then self-repeating instruments were de-
vised, which operated automatically, requiring only an ordinary laborer
to watch it. Now they have improved lines between New York and
Ohicago and messages are sent without repetition or repeaters. If a
similar line was continued to San Francisco there would probably be
one repetition at Chicago and another at Cheyenne or Ogden, requiring
the services of two or£nary men at low wages. But there are some
offices within 25 miles of New York to which the message is sent od a
main line with an expensive operator to a small station where it is re-
•ceived by a subordinate operator who cannot receive more than half as
fast as the New York operator can send. The message is then repeated
upon another line, and then on to a third line, making three repetitions,
not by self-repeaters, but by operators, and thus it costs more to send
to that little station than to send to San Francisco. The difficulty is
not in sending long distances, between great places, but from large cities
to small offices.
The Chaibdcan. Let me ask your opinion as to the effect the very
large increase of business, which will occur in consequence of the re-
duction of rates, will have upon the cost of sending messages. How
much would a very large increase in the number of messages to be sent
decrease the actual cost per message t
Mr. Hubbabd. The average cost of transmitting messages is now
25 cents ; I suppose about 6 or 7 cents is for interest on leased lines,
taxes, and other fixed charges, making the actual cost about 18 cents,
this cost, if the business were doubl^, could be reduced to 12 or 15
•cents. The Western Union now send messages between the oil ex-
changes in New York and Bradford, about four or five hundred miles,
for 10 cents. As they fix their own price, they make money at these
rates. It costs, therefore, less than 10 cents to do that particular busi-
ness. Ordinary messages cost more because they are received, nam-
bered, dated, and filed away at the receiving office, and at the other
end are copied by a letter-press, enveloped, directed, and delivered at a
•cost of aboat 4 cents. So that 14 cents is probably the fair cost of a
message sent three or four handred miles. They fix the price from here
to New York at 15 cents, which is about the same rate as between
the two oil exchanges, adding the 4 cents for office expenses. Under a
postal system some of these expenses are unnecessary, especially a letter-
press copy of every message, and, therefore, deducting from 25 cents,
the present cost, the loading for rentals, taxes, arid these expensess the
cost will be about 12 or 15 cents per message, which is probably rather
more than the cost in Belgium.
The Chaibman. I do not remember that, but in France it is only 14
STATEMENT OF GARDINER O. HUBBARD. 61
cents. In your opinion woald the Government be able to do this busi-
ness as cheaply or more cheaply if conducted in connection with the
Post-Office Department than the existing companies t
Mr. Hubbard. Yes, sir; I think so. Some office expenses will be saved
and many postmasters will quickly become operators. I have had consid-
erable acquaintance with oar postal service, and I do not believe there
is any corporate business in this country managed more economically
than the Post-Uf&ce Department. I do not believe you can find any
great corporation that is managed more faithfully than the United States
Treasury, with as little loss, or a more thoroagh system of accounta-
bility. Even our big railroad corporations are unable to take care of
themselves, and have appointed a dictator, Mr. Albert Fink, to regu-
late their rates.
Senator Palmbb. Dr. Oreen laid some stress upon the distinction
between the cost of operators repeating these messages and these auto-
matic repeaters. Is there any reason why there should not be auto-
matic repeaters or self-repeaters on all those lines where messages*
require to be repeated t
Mr. Hubbard. On all the great lines you can have them, but at way
stations an operator must be employed.
In this connection I will refer to another statement of Dr. Green as
a reason why telegrams cost more here than abroad. He said that our
operators have higher wages ; but he did not tell you that our operators
do more work than abroad, and that per message the cost is less per
operator here than abroad.
Senator Palmer. Suppose it were practicable to send a message
without repetition throagh to San Francisco, what would be the per-
centage of increase of cost in consequence of being compelled to use
these automatic repeaters t
Mr. Hubbard. Where you do a large business, practically no more.
But I repeat, it is not the through business but the local and way busi-
ness that costs. If there was nothing bat through business you could
do it at a cent a word, and make any quantity of money out of it, pro-
vided you had good lines.
Senator Palmer. This matter of repetition, then, is not an item in
the increase of cost t
Mr. Hubbard. Not at all. You can see for yourselves ; you pay an
operator $2 a day who can overlook four or five thousand messages, or
less than a mill per message. The cost of repairs of lines is between
2i and 3 cents per message.
Something was said al^ut the proportion of social and business mes-
sages abroad, and as I have a statement I will give it for Belgium for
the years 1880 and 1881 :
Dispatches of exchange (money dispatches) 3.66 per cent, in 1880; 3.31
in 1881.
Commercial transactions, 39.99 per cent, in 1880; 39.77 in 1881.
Private affairs, 55.10 per cent, in 1880; 55.53 in 1881.
You will remember, perhaps, that Dr. Green said the proportion of
social messages in this country was about five per cent., and that he did
not think it could be very much larger abroad.
Senator Palmer. One other question I would like to have you con-
sider before you get through, and I think what I refer to is going to be
•the greatest obstruction to the passage of either Mr. Hill's or Mr. Ed-
munds' bill, and that is the moral aspect of the question. This stock of
the Western Union is not all in first hands; it has been bought by third
parties, or innocent parties, as you might say, at the enhanced value,
€2 STATEMENT OF QASDINEB O. HUBBABD.
and these bills propose to annihilate this valne. How wonld yon treat
thatt
Mr. HuBBAED. When the innocent lie down with the guihy they most
Buffer the consequences.
Senator Palmeb. I think tl^. is the most diflScult part of the whole
question. This stock has been4>oughtfor investment by innocent parties
who thought it was a good thing for investment. They are certainly
not open to the charge of having robbed the public.
Mr. HuBBABD. They have associated with others who have robbed
the public.
Senator Wilson. Is there a complete severance in that regard be-
tween the public, as represented by its i)olitical power, and the so-called
innocent parties who have invested in this stock t In other words, has
not the public, being possessed of the power to interfere^ stood by and
let this thing go on and allowed innocent parties to become involved in
such investments t And would it be fair on the part of the public, hav-
ing thus stood by, now to come in .and deprive those innocent parties of
the value of their investments t That is a feature of the case that I
think it is well to consider. I put it as a question for discussion rather
than as a conclusion.
Senator Maxby. A very clear maxim of law well stated in your own
Mr. UxTBBABD. Fifteen years ago the Western Union announced pub-
licly in their reports and in the newspapers that there should be no farther
increase of the capital of their company except by a two-thirds vote ot
the directors. I will read the vote :
The Board of Directors may hire or pnrohase the lines, or purchase the stock, of any
other telegraph company ; bnt neither the capital stock nor the bonded debt of the
company shall be increased beyond the amount now authorized, except by the writ-
ten consent of two-thirds of the directors, entered in the secretary's reooids of pro-
ceediuffs of the board, and by a vote of the stockholders holding a majority of the
•capital stock at an annual meeting or at a special meeting called for that purpose.
As I understand it this vote was passed to meet the objections that
the Western Union had largely watered their stock, and was a pledge
that they would do so no more. They made annual reductions of rates.
The public were satisfied, and deased to present any scheme for postskl
telegraphy, because the Western Union had adopted a policy which
would give the country cheap rates. This policy they changed in the
year 1881, but it was some time before it was fuUy understood by the
public that the Western Union Were making enormous stock dividends,
piling capital upon capital, millions at a time. The last act was con-
summated less than a year ago, and now the public ask, '< What right
have you to demand that the public shall pay a high price for these lines
which cost you nothing t^ I know that neither Mr. Hill nor Mr. Ed-
munds or anybody else would object to paying the market value of the
property before this extra capital was issued. But do you suppose that
there is any stockholder in the Western Union that did Qot know that
#15,000,000 of stock dividends had been paid t Did they not see it in
the press T Did they not have notice of it t Did they not have tjieir
share of it in their pockets t
Senator Palheb. But how about those who have purchased since
thent
Mr. HuBBABD. The annual reports of the Western Union show that
they have $15,000,000 of undivided assets yet on hand, and the new
stockholders have purchased because they expected that tnis $15,000,000
will be divided and they will get a large stock dividend by and by*.
STATEMENT OF GABDINER G. HUBBARD. 63
These are the innocent stockholders. There are no innocent stockhold-
ers, for all had notice of the policy of the company and of its directors.
Senator Palmer. How many stockholders are there t
Mr. Hubbard. I do not kiiow.
The Chairman. Mr. Green said 2,900. Does any one assume that
we, as legislators, in the interest of the people, cannot provide a system
of telegraphing irrespective of/my individual or corporation t It is a
well-known fact that one man orthose 2,900 stockholders owns m<Mre than
half of all the stock in the Western Union. Will it be contended that
we cannot give the people a cheap telegraph service bedanse there are
some stockholders that might be injured by itf Under the law any
company can enter into competition with th^ Western Union, or any
individual can do it, and break down the valae of its stock.
Senator Wilson. That was a suggestion involved in Mr. Evarts' div-
cussiou of the question.
Mr. Hubbard. What is this telegraph system t Who is interested
in it f Are the people interested it t Have they anything to do with
it t Dr. Green has told you that only 5 per cent, of the telegrams are
sent on social business ; 10 or 12 per cent, by the press ; the rest by
a few business houses. I believe there are less than one per cent of the
whole population of the United States that ever use the telegraph.
Why is this t Because the rates are so high. In proportion to the legit-
imate expenses the amount of business and the profits of the company,
they are higher now at 38 cents than fifteen years ago at $1.04. Tbe
rates now, as then, are unequal ai^d irregular. They are higher in the
East than in the West. My friend from Iowa, Senator Wilson, can-
not send a telegram from his home to any place within 200 miles as
cheap as I can from my home in Boston. The rates are higher in the
South than in the West ; higher on the Pacific slope than on the At-
lantic coast. The company discriminates in favor of business and rail-
road interests, and, so far as these interests are concerDed, they are well
subserved. There is no better telegraph system in the whole world
than that of the Western Union, where prompt service is required and
the price is of little moment. There is no country where telegrams are
sent more promptly or so correctly as b^ the Western Union. I have
had pretty large exx>erience the last few years in Europe in telegraphing,
and I say what I believe to be the truth in that respect.
Mr. Evarts said that the Western Union were obliged to send tele-
grams in the order in which they were received; this they do according
to the letter of the law, but not according to the spirit. If a merchant
in New York^ wishing to send an order to Bradford to buy 100 barrels
of oiL goes to the operator in the Oil ExohaDge and asks him to take
his telegram and send it for 10 cents he will not take it, as he is not a
member of the Exchange. He must go to another office, perhaps half
a mile o£f, pay 25 cents, and send his telegram, and instead of getting
an answer while waiting at the counter at the Oil Exchange, he must
wait an hour or two before he can hear whether the oil is bought. The
same is true between the com exchanges of New York and Chicago and
other places. Tdegrams are sent at greatly reduced rates and more
promptly than for merchants not members of the exchange, and thus
great discrimiDations are made. And yet we are told all messages are
sent in the order in which they are received I that there is no priority
and all fare alike. •
A few years ago a man in Cincinnati had a little news bureau. His
correspondent in New York collected the news of the market every
morning^ forwarded it through the Western Union office, and it was sent
i
t
I
64 STATEMENT OF GABDINER O. HUBBARD. ^
over the through line. The Western Union afterward^' monopolized
that business, as they monopolize everything that they can put their
hands on. Asked him to sell out. He said '^ No, I am making a very
good thing of this business, and I prefer to keep it." The Western
Union stopped sending his messages on the through line and transmitted
tliem on a way line I There was no priority for their messages ! Oh, do !
they only sent them on the through line, while the others went on the
way line. Those that went by the way line were longer in getting
through, and when received the customers of the Western Union had
received the prices and acted on them. Ko priority, only the man was
ruined. He was obliged to give up his business to the Western UjpioD,
and they now monopolize it. ^
The Western Union system is especially a railroad system. Nine
thousand offices out of thirteen thousand are at railroad stations, remote
^m business centers, maintained by railroad operators for the benefit
of the railroad company. I had occasion two or three years ago to use
the wires for about half an hour from here to a small town in Massa-
chusetts. Every once in a while, however, there was a clicking and an
interruption. ^* What is the matter t " was asked. '^ The railroad have
the prior right to the wires." I had to stop because it was a railroad
system, and its business had priority. And so it is at the 9,000 offices
belonging to railroads, and all business that comes or goes to tl^ose
offices stops when the railroads want to use the lines.
But, gentlemen, these questions of rates are of minor imx)ortance in the
consideration of this matter. There is something, a« it seems to me, of
more vital importance in this discussion than an^'thing wliich has been
referred to. It is the relations of the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany to the social, business, and political interests of our people.
The Western Union Company is a little corporation controlled by an
executive committee of three or four gentlemen sitting in their office in
New York. Its wires run all over the country, extending by their con-
nections into each part of the globe. This company controls the market
price of each article that is dealt in in every mart in this country.* It
controls, to a greater or less extent, all the news — social, political, and
general, that is sent over its wires, and every important personal tele-
graphic communication. This corporation is uncontrolled by any law
save the interests of its directors, for there is no law on our statute-
books to regulate this vast business. ThiB laws of the several States
have no power to regulate it, for its lines and business run from one State
and one continent to another, and the instant its lines pass from one
State into another they are beyond the reach of the laws of the first
State, which are powerless beyond its boundries, and cannot regulate any
message going into another State. According to the report of a late case
before Mr. Justice Field, the State of California undertook to regulate
the rates on steamers running between two ports in California. It was
decided that as soqp as the steamer ran out of the waters of California
into the ocean that instant the laws of California ceased to have any
effect, and became null and void. If this decision is correct, and I
think there can be no doubt that it is, no State can pass a law which
shall have any effect upon this corporation. It is, therefore, a corpora-
tion unregulated by law.
Is there anything at all resembling the immense power of this corpo-
ration, in this country, aye, or in any other country f Forty million mes-
sages to-day ; eighty million messages five years hence ; one hundred
und sixty million messages ten years hence : all intrusted to this cor-
poration. Through its agents, Uie Gold and stock Company, it collects
STATEMENT OF GABDINER G. HUBBARD. 65
the market news evecy morning in London and Paris, sends them to
!New York, whence they are distribated to every mart and hamlet
throagh the length and breadth of this land. A fraction of a penny on
a pound of cotton is a fortune to any man. A quarter of a cent in the
price of com or wheat is a fortune. They admit no partnership in this
part of their business. They tolerate no rival, no control in the supply
of market reports to every part of this country.
I make no charges against the Western Union Telegraph Company.
I believe that in this respect it is managed as fairly and honestly as any
company can be managed; that Dr. Oreeu is a man in whom we can
place implicit confidence and trust. But I say that it is a power too
important^ too vast, to be entrusted to any corporation, to any set of
men. It is a duty the Government owes to the people of this country
to regulate this business.
And how is it with the press newst The Western Union Telegraph
Company and the Associated Press make a close corporation. I do not
mean to say that to-day I know of any fault to be found with the man-
agement, but in discussing this question we must be guided by the ex-
perience of the past, and inquire what power this company can exert by
learning what it has done in the past.
A few years ago two papers in San Francisco favored the postal tele-
graph. Their rates were raised. One of them died because it could not
pay them. The other ceased to publish attacks on the Western Union,
and was restored to good-fellowship.
A paper in Virginia several years ago criticised the reports that were
sent to it. It was notified that if it published any criticisms upon the
reports they would be stopped.
A few years ago there was a criticism upon some action of Mr. Orton,
the president of the Western Union. The next day, or the next but one,
the rates of that paper were doubled. It ceased to receive any tele-
graphic dispatches because it could not pay for them.
The telegraph company can raise or reduce the rates. Its control
over the press is therefore absolute. It has the power of life and death,
for the telegraphic news is the vital breath of the daily newspaper. Such
a power cannot exist without its exerting a pernicious influence on pub-
lic afiairs, and every observant public man has long perceived the de-
moralizing influence of this powerful but subtle agency.
Let us consider the x)Ower of the telegraph as an educator of the peo-
ple. The current history of the times is &i3t given to the country through
the telegraph. ^^ Let me write the songs of the people, and I care not
who makes the laws," is an old saying. Here it would be truer, if less
poetical, to say that the man who rules the Associated Press is master
of the situation ; for if he has the ability to wield it he has an instrument
for shaping the opinions of the millions, which, by the constancy, uni-
versality, and rapidity of its action, defies competition. The events
which take place in all business, political, and religious centers, together
with the actions of public men and their imputed motives, are all pre-
sented simultaneous!}^ to the public, from ocean to ocean, through this
instrumentality. The agents who collect the news respond to me cen-
tral authority at New Yprk, and are subject to removal at its pleasure.
Here is a i)Ower greater than any ever wielded by the French Directory,
because in an era when public opinion is omnipotent it can give, with-
hold, or color the information which shapes that opinion at its pleasure.
It may impart an irresistible power to the caprice of an individual^ and
the reputation of the ablest and purest public man may be fatally tainted
in every town and village on the continent by a midnight dispatch. It
8. Rep. 577, pt. 2 5
66 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
is incompatible with public safety that such an exclusive power to speak
to the whole public at the same moment upon every subject, and thus
to create public opinion, should be under the absolute control of a cor-
X)oration. The obstacles which the telegraph and these associations
can throw in the way of any new journal amount to virtual prohibition
against publishing a firstclass. independent newspaper in the land, and
thus the existing combination nas possession of the exclusive privilege
of making the first and, with many, the last impression of every event
There are several bUls pending before this committee. The bill of
Mr. Edmunds, of the chairman, and of Mr. Dawes, each with different
features.
The bill of Mr. Dawes is similar to one which has been before this
committee at several different sessions. My friend Mr. Dawes, when a
member of the House, was upon the special committee which consid-
ered this subject at great length, and that first reported a bill (House
of Representatives Report No. 115, Forty -first Congress, second session)
substantially like that which he has now, fourteen years later, again
submitted. This bill was before this committee at several different
times, was very carefully and fully considered, sentence by sentence,
and word by word, and was reported two or three times to the Senate.
(Senate Report No. 18, Forty-first Congress, second session; Senate Re-
poTt No. 20, Forty -second Congress, second session ; Senate Report No.
242, Forty-third Congress, first session.) It is not a perfect bill, for Mr.
Evarts, in his argument, suggested defects which can be easily reme-
died: and I will submit to the committiCe, with the leave of my friend,.
Mr. Dawes, some modifications to remedy those defects.
The principle upon which that bill depends is this : That the telegraph
service is substantially analogous to the postal service. As the Post-
Office Department now makes contracts with the railroads for transport-
ing mails, so the Postmaster General shall make a contract with a tel-
egraph company for transmitting intelligence between all postal telegraph
offices. It fixes the rates probably too high, and allows the post-office
3 cents a message for the service performed by the Department. Mr.
Evart-s thought 3 cents a message was not enough for this service. I
think a little reflection will show the committee that It is enough. The
Post-Office Department now receives 2 cents postage for each letter, and
this is very large compensation. Gentlemen must remember that the
lisrgest proportion of the expense of the postal service is not for letters,
but for newspapers and merchandise carried much below their cost ;
that there has never been a time in the history of the Post-Office since
we had cheap postage when the letters did not pay tribute to the press
to enable the Post-Office to carry newspapers greatly below the cost.
Senator Dawes. And merchandise.
Mr. Hubbard. And merchandise as Well. At 2 cents the letter post-
age there is a profit for the Department. The cost is nearly equally
divided between transportation and office expenses. Under this bill
there are no other office services than are now furnished to letters, ex-
cept a special delivery, which will cost about two cents a message. So
that, I believe, the three cents to be paid on every message will be ample
compensation for the services rendered. If, on examination, you should
find that three cents was not enough it is your duty to fix the compen-
sation higher. All the operators, linemen, and messengers will be fur-
nished by the telegraph company, requiring only a few subordinate em-
ployes to be furnished by the Government. Some who admit the evils
of the present system and the advanta>ges of a postal system think that
by the transfer of the telegraph to the i)Ostal service the power of the
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 67
Executive would be so greatly increased as to outweigh all the benefits
that would result from it. All x>olitical influence arises either from the
patronage it would give the Executive, the ability to send free telegrams^
the control of the press, or the i)Ower of e^pionnage over the correspond-
ence. As these powers are now held by a private corporation the ques-
tion is reduced to a consideration of the expediency of leaving them to
private and irresponsible parties, of intrusting them to the Post-Office
Department, or of limiting these x)Ower8 and dividing them between pri-
vate parties and the Post-Office Department, so as to secure the ad-
vantages of both systems. These objections apply with greater force
to the plan of the Postmaster-General, which provides for governmental
ownership, operation, and control of the business, than to the postal
system. Under it there will be no patronage, excepting that arising
from the addition of a few clerks and carriers, less in number than the
annual increase from the growth of business. The free transmission of
messages by passes, so constantly given to members of Congress and
others where they will " do the most good,'' is not only prohibited, but
both the PostOffice and the company are directly interested to have
every telegram fully paid, and neither can send a free dispatch without
the connivance of the other. There can be no control over the press,
for all will have the right to send and receive dispatches at fixed rates,
and so low that every paper can obtain ^^ specials " cheaper than they
now get the Associated Press news.
UapionnagA^ or the power of the postmasters, dependents upon the
Executive, to examine private telegraphic correspondence, is severely
punished by law^ and is to a great degree thwarted by the lact that the
operators are einployed and paid by the company, and without their
connivance the power would be of little use; and, moreover, the num-
ber of telegrams will be so greatly increased by the low rates and addi-
tional facilities as to remove the possibility of any considerable tamper-
ing with their contents.
Dr. Green, I think, said that if the bill was framed so as to allow the
Western Union to come in and compete they would be glad to try it. I
will insert a provision that the contract shall be put up at auction, and
that the lowest bidder, provided the bid is below the rates named in
the bill, shall take the contract. In this way the rights of his minority
stockholders will be protected. Dr. Green says that way will be fair ;
that way he would approve. Make it so. Make it satisfactory to him.
Mr. Evarts said, in reference to this bill, as well as to the others, that
a telegram was not in the nature of a letter ; but was a private contract
made between the company and every sender of a message. What is
the object of the post-office, and for what purpose was it established t
You can see this private contraiit between the company and the sender
of a message the next time you send a message if you look on the back
of the blank. It reads in this way : ^^ It is agreed between the sender of
this message and this company that said company shall not be liable
for mistakes or delays in the transmission or delivery, or for non-deliv-
ery, of any unrepeated message, whether happening by negligence of
its servants or otherwise, beyond the amount received for sending the
same." In the bill of Mr. Dawes you will find the same provision.
But what is the object for which the Pos^Office was established? It
was for the transmission of intelligence from one part of the country to
another. It makes no difference what the vehicle is by which it i»
transmitted. You might as well say that the mail could not be sent by
railroad because railroads were not known when the Constitution was
68 STATEMENT OF GARDINER O. HUBBARD.
established, as to say that the Government cannot transmit intelligence
by wire.
A few years ago I saw a picture^ which T think is now in the Post-
Office Department. On one side is an old gentleman looking at the
passageof oneof the great express mail trains; looking oat of the win-
dow is a yonng man. That old gentleman was Mr. Bangs, who, on hin
back, carried the mail across the prairies of Ohio, where that railroad
now runs, forty years ago. The young man looking out the window is
his son, then the general manager of the Eailway Mail Service. There
is no greater contrast between the railroad and the telegraph than
that picture presents, of the man carrying the mail on his back and the
four cars running over the railroad at forty miles an hour, carrying the
mail, without stops, dropping oflf one mail bag and picking up another,
always hurrying on its way. By each of these means iuteligence is con-
veyed.
My friend asked the question yesterday, if the Government under-
took to do this business must it not necessarily be a monopoly t Under
the Constitution, wherever power is given which is necessarily exclusive,
there it becomes a monopoly, and State laws fail. For instance, if Cou-
gress passes a bankrupt act, all insolvent laws of States become inop-
erative from the moment that act passes. The bankrupt act repealed,
the insolvent laws of tliemselves come again into force. This is because
the bankrupt act necessarily covers the whole field, and there is no room
for the operation of any State laws.
But in the mail service it is different. Congress has the power to
monopolize the business or to perform only a portion of it. Private
expresses had the right to run until Congress passed a law prohibiting
them from doing so. So it is with the telegraph. The Government
can begin the business and allow the telegraph companies to go on.
In case the bill of the chairman should be adopted, what would be the
true course to be pursued t I should say establish low rates, say, 25
cents under a thousand miles and 50 cents for all distances over a thou-
sand miles. Begin moderately, slowly, allowing the Western Union
to do the business of the railroads and of the mercantile community.
Then by degrees, as the Government telegraphs increased, the time
would come when negotiations would begin ; and by degrees, by con-
tract or in some other way, the whole business would be transferred
from the private corporation to the Government, and without any break
in the business, as was suggested by Mr. Evarts. The whole thing
would go on smoothly and we should have a postal telegraph service
more complete than anything else the world has ever seen, because what
the United States undertake to do they do better than is done by any
other government. I repeat, as I have said before, that there is no sys-
tem, private, corporate, or govemmenftil, so perfect as the i>08tal serv-
ice of this country. Our Government is the government of the people,
for the people, and through the people ; and when it is said that pri-
vate corporations, looking out for their own interests, and not for the
public interests, can manage the business for the public better than the
people can, through their representatives, I must beg leave to differ
from that opinion, and say that I trust in the people and believe that
they can honestly and faithfully manage their own affairs.
1 would like, Mr. Chairman, to submit some amendments to the bill,
and also submit as a part of my argument some newspaper cuttings in
regard to this matter which I think may be of interest.
The Chairman. Of course we will be glad to receive any amendments
from Mr. Hubbard that he may ])ropose.
STATEMENT OF OABDINEB O. HUBBARD. 69
AMENDMENTS
SUGGESTED BY MB. GARDINER HUBBARD TO ^< SENATE BILL 1016
TO PROYIDB FOB THE TRANSMISSION OF OORRESPONDENOE BY
TELEGRAPH."
AmeDd lines 4 to 10 iDclusive, of section 3 so as to read :
^^ When the distance of transmission is under one thousand miles,
twenty -five cents ; for all greater distances, fifty cents ; for telegrams
directed to be transmitted by night, twenty-five cents."
Strike out ^^ five hundred," in line 4, section 4, and insert ^' one thou-
sand " so as to read :
^^ Seo. 4. That the charges for the transmission of special telegrams to
newspapers and commercial news associations, for each one hundred
words or less, for each circuit of one thousand miles, shall not exceed
fifty cents if sent at night, and one dollar during the day."
Insert after the word '^ act," in line 3 of section 5, ** or some other tele-
graph company, as is herein provided," and strike out the word ^^said,"
in line 8, same section, inserting in lieu thereof the words ^' such con-
tracting," so as to read :
^'Seo. 5. That the Postmaster-General is hereby authorized and di-
rected tocontract with the postal-telegraph company incorporated by this
act or some other telegraph company, as is herein provided, for the trans-
mission or correspondence by telegraph according to the provisions of
this act, such contract to be terminable at the option of Congress. The
Postmaster-General shall famish at each postal- telegraph office such
suitable place for the office, employ^, instruments, and batteries of such
contracting company as shall be necessary for its business."
Strike out in section 5, lines 20 and 21, the words ^^to the construc-
tion and the extension of its lines," so as to read:
^^ After the payment of eight per centum per annum upon its capital
stock its profits shall be appropriated to the reduction of the charges
for telegrams, under the direction of the Postmaster- General."
Insert the word ^* contracting" before *< company," in line 25 of sec-
tion 6, also in line 2 of section 7.
Strike out the word ^< next" in line 10 of section 7.
Let section 8 end with the word ^^ Washington^" in line 42 of that
section, and section 9 begin with the words following, viz : ^< The said
contracting company," &c.
Insert the word ^< contracting" before ^' company," in line 42 of sec-*
tion 8, and lines 1 and 15 of section 9.
Strike out in line 5, section 11, the words ^' unreasonably refdse or
neglect," and insert instead *^ fail," so as to read :
^^ And if it shall fail to make such contract then the franchise of said
company and all its rights and privileges shall thereupon cease and be
determined."
After the word << act." in line 11, section 11, insert the following :
^^Ffavided further J Tnat if any telegraph company in operation on the
first day of January, 1884, shall, within thirty days Irom the approval
of this act, in writing notify the Postmaster-General that it is willing
to enter into a contract to perform the service on the terms specified
70 STATEMENT OF OABD1NER G. HUBBARD.
herein, the Postmaster-GeDeral shall thereapon advertise in three daily
newspapers printed in each of the cities of Washington, Boston, New
York, Philadelphia, Saint Loais, and Chicago, that offers to perform
the said service, accompanied by satisfactory security, will be received
by the Postmaster-General and Attorney-General, and the contract be
made with the parties offering the most favorable terms to the public
If any other party than the United States postal telegraph company
shall be the lowest bidder then the franchise and privileges hereby con-
ferred on said company shall be held and ei\joyed by sach contracting
company if it shall wish to take the service."
After the word ^< company," in line 13 of section 11, insert ^^or of any
other company contracting with the Postmaster-General under the pro-
visions of this act."
STATEMENT OF OARDIKER G. HDBBABD. 71
APPENDIX.
[K6W Yath Herald. July 21, 1888.]
WAOB8 AND WATER.
The telegraph strike goes on, and so far withont anlawfal distarbance. Both sides,
the companies and the strikers, express themselves satisfied with the resnlt and deter-
mined to hold ont. That is the usual wav. Very soon the contestants will, it is to
be hoped, come together to discuss their ai£ferences and submit them to arbitration,
or in some other way bring about an amicable settlement. For the present the strik-
ers have public sympathy with them ; they need to be careful in all their conduct and
language in order to retain it. The public does not comprehend the details of their
demanuSj but it sees that some at least of these are reasonable ; and we believe the
general feeling Just, that the Western Union Company ought, as a powerful corpora-
tion, by kindly and considerate treatment of their workiuffmen's statement of griev-
ances, to have opened the door to a friendly arbitration. No harm can ever come from
euch a moderate and conciliatory course on the part of corporations which are great
employers of labor.
The tribune thinks that " no course was left open to the telegraph companies but
to refuse to accede to extravagant demands. * * * No doubt some of the conces-
sions asked by the men, such as extra pay for Sunday work, would have been granted
bv the telegraph companies if properly laid before them. But as a whole the demand
of the operators was unreasonable, and was especially objectionable in the way that
it was presented." It seems to us that if the demands were Just, the " way they were
E resented'' need not have prevented at least an attempt by the Western Union at a
iendlv discussion of them. It is not necessary that workmen shall get on tbeir knees
when tney present a list of what they believe to be grievances to a corporation which
employs them. If the Telegraph Brotherhood spoke hastily, which we do not think
to be the case, that gave their employers an opportunity, by moderate and friendly
treatment, either to convince and win over the reasonable members of the Brother-
hodo, or, failing in that, to put them clearly in the wrong before the public.
The Evening Post goes further than the Tribune, and thinks telegraph operators
ought not to be allowed to strike at all. Laws ouffnt to be passed, it seems, to forbid
them to do so ; and if they do not like such lawsotner employments are open to them.
Well, we suspect it will be a Iour time before such laws are adopted in thb United
States. Before that is done the uiteresting quesMon will be fully discussed whether
corporations may water and water and water their stock, without limit, except the
greed of those who manipulate tbem, and then, in order to secure dividends on such
watered stock, cut down the wages of tbeir servants. The Tribune says that to sive
its operators what they ask ** would cost the Western Union Company alone a million
and a half dollars annually." We do not know how that, may be ; possibly it is so.
But when a prominent Journal proposes laws to forbid the' servants of telegraph and
railroad companies to '* strike," and when another prominent Journal thinks the man-
ner in which the servants of a great corporation presented their grievances in this
case was "especially objectionaole," it is timely to call attention to the financial his-
tory of such a corporation.
Because the question is thus raised whether, if the capital of the Western Union
Company represented only the fair value of its property and franchises, it could not,
at present rates of telegrapbiuff, earn fair and even large dividends on such capital,
even though it acceded to all the requirements of its servants.
The present capital of the Western Union Company is eighty millions. How was
it raised to that prodigious figure f By builaing telegraph lines or acquiring other
property f No : for it owns but a part of the lines— and not the larger part, we have
anderstood — which it works. It holds a great part under lease from the owners, rail-
road companies and others, and it owns comparatively little real estate.
How, then, came about these eighty millions, on which a dividend is regularly
declared f Last year an ingenious pamphlet was issued to demonstrate the extraor
72 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
dinarv yaloe of Western Union stock as an investment for country gentlemen. lo
this the prosperity of the company was set forth at length, and there we find the fol-
low ing passage :
'*The authorized capital of the company then was $oOO,000, of which only ahout
three-fourths had been issued. On August 19, 1858, the first scrip dividend was de-
clared, being 33 per cent, on $369,700, the amount of outstanding stock. On Sep-
tember 22 of the same year, after the amount of the authorized capital had been in-
creased, a scrip dividend of 414.40 percent, on the capital stock of $485,700 was issued..
Three more scrip dividends were issued previous to the purchase of other lines by is-'
suing stock. They were as follows : July 16, 1862, 27.26 per cent, on the capital stock
outstanding of $2,355,000 ; March 16, 1863, 100 per cent, on the capit4kl stock out-
standing of $2,979,300 : and December 23, 1863, 3^^ per cent, on the capital of ^962,600,
increasing the capital stock to $7,950,700. Aboot January, 1864, an arranflpement wis
made for the purchase of the Pacific Telegraph Company, a corporation chartered in
the State of Nebraska and authorized to buy, build, and operate a teleg^raph line from
some point within a Territory or State east of the Rocky Mountains to San Francisco.
Its capital was $1,000,000. The purchase was eflrect«d by an exchange of the West-
*em Union stock issued for that purpose for the stock of the Pacific Telegraph Com-
pany, the amount being $1,277,210.'^
Here we r ead of one ''scrip dividend'' after the other — 33 per cent., 414 per cent.^
27 per cent., 100 per cent., 33}- per cent. ; and then we read of the purchase of other
companies by issue of Western Union stock.
A writer who last December criticised the statements of this Western Union pamphlet
in a letter to the Herald which, so far as we know, was never noticed by the com-
pany, remarked on this :
''It is nowhere said that the Pacific Telegraph Company owned any wires or hsd
any lino actually built, though they i^ceived over $1,250,000 for their charter and sup-
posed property. That in the purchase of the United States Telegraph stock the
$7,216,300 paid for it was, according t-ogood authority, fully five times its true value.
The capital of the American Telegraph when it was absorbed wps almost as much in-
flated as that of the Western Union, and amounted to $3,833,100 ; yet $11 .833,100, or a
bonus of $8,000,000 in Western Union stock, was issued in exchange for its property.
In these ways the stock was watered to $41,000,000. In January, 1681, the pamphlet
shows this prodigious 'water' was again watered, and the capital of Westcsrn Union
was increased from $41,000,000 to $80,000,000, by the payment of $15,000,000 in stock
for the property and franchises of the American Union Telegraph Company, not worth
then more than $3,000,000. At the same time the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Com-
pany was abborbed by Western Union at the expense of $8,400,000 more of stock for
Eroperty also worth about $3,000,000, and then a scrip dividend was issued tothestook-
olders of Western Union on top of all this of over $15,500,000 more."
It is a very general and freely expressed belief among telegraph experts that the whole
Western Union plant could be duplicated to-dny for twenty, or at most twenty-five
millions of dollars. To put it at forty millions seems to every expert we have heard
n>eak on the subject — which is one very frequently discussed— laughably extravagant.
There would remain even in that case forty millions of '* water," on which a 5 percent,
dividend is paid. The ionmals which think laws should be passed to forbid tele-
graph operators from striiung would do well to consider whether laws should not first
be passed to forbid great corporations from watering their stock.
Strikes of working men and women are disagreeable events, but they are often the
only means these have to make their grievances known to the public or to get them
remedied at the hands of their employers. So long as strikers conduct themselves in
a lawful manner, without violence and without trying by intimidation to prevent
others from taking the places they have vacated^ they are within their rights and
pretty certain of the sympathy of the^neral public, especially where, as in this case,
they appeal against a corporation which pays dividends on a heavfly watered capital.
We ao not think it wise in such corporations, by over-han^hty and supercilious con-
duct towards their servants, to hasten the raising of the issue between wages and
water, which is sure to come up some day. Our advice to the managers of t he Western
Union Company is to come to terms with thoir striking servants as soon as possible.
[N6W York Henld, July 28, 1888.]
OOVBRKMENT TELEGRAPHS.
One of the numerous rumors circulating on the street relates that ICr. Jay Gould,
who is believed to hold a considerable number of millions of Western Union stock and
water, has been for some time anxious to get rid of it, and hopes by embarrassing
the public through a telegraph stoppage to create a demand that tne Gk>vemment ^aU
buy out the Western Union Company and itself monopolize the telegraph.
We do not believe this report-. Mr. Gould is an astute man ; he may be ever so anx-
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 73
ioD8 to unload hiB telegraph stock, but he is too shrewd to helieYe that he can onload
it on the Government. It is true there has been for some time past a growing belief
that the Government might nsefhlly take part in the telegraph business, and at the
last session of Con^press a resolation was reported and, unless we mistake, adopted,
authorizing an inquiry into the actual cost of laying wires and completing a telegraph
** plant." But Mr. Gkiuld does not delude himself with the thought that such an in-
quiry would lead to the purchase by Congress of the Western Imion Company. He
knows thaf his company owns but a part of its wires : that it has, in fact, represent-
ing Its eighty millions of stock in part, a great lot of leases of other people's wires,
and that in other ways it is not a property which would bear that close preliminary
examination which even the Government makes before it buys.
Nor will the public, even under the irritation which the Western Union's needless
quarrel with its operatives is causing. Jump to the conclusion that the Government
ought to monopolize the telegraph ; because the one lesson of the present derangement
is tnat so important and vitiu an interest cannot be safely trusted in any single hand,
not even in that of the Government. Everybody now sees that if the Western Union
btock-waterers had not shrewdly contrived to destroy or absorb all their rivals, and
thus made themselves substantially a telegraph monopoly, the present trouble and
loss could not have been put upon the public. If the rival companies consolidated
with Western Union were now in existence the Western Union manaffers could not
have oppressed the public, whatever they might have attempted with their workmen ;
because the public would have had recourse to the other companies, which were equally
capable of serving it.
This consideration leads directly to the effective means by which the Government
can protect the public against teleflp*aph monopolies. Congress may, if it sees fit, au-
thorize the construction of a complete network of postal telegraph lines, to bo used
in connection with the letter man and as part of the postal system of the country
Such a Government line could be properly used for expediting private correspondence.
Letters mailed would be sent for two cents, as the new law provides. Letters tele-
graphed would pay a heavier charge ; they would be telegraphed to the office of des-
tination, and there delivered by carriers in the ordinary course of mail delivery.
Thus, for a moderate extra charge, the time now required in transmission by rail
would be saved.
Such an arrangement would be a great public convenience, but it would not create
a monopoly nor prevent the profitable prosecution of private telegraph enterprises.
A large and rapidly-increasing mass of business correspondence requires instant dis-
patch, and this would still go over private lines; sp would the news reports of the dif-
ferent press associations, which require quick dispatch. There would, in fact, remain
for well conducted and un watered private companies abundant business to secure them
satisfactory profits, Just as the surface railroads in this city continue profitable,
although they have now to compete with the elevated roads. But the Government
lines would stand as an effective protection for the people against the unreasonable
exactions ot speculative companies having for their cnief aim, by any means, to secure
a dividend on h avily watered stock.
A Government telegraph line such as we are sngsesting would, in fact, do for the
people of the whole, country what the Erie Canal does in an equally important rela-
tion. The Erie Canal prevents the trunk-line railroads from combining to charge ex-
cessive rates of freight. It does not prevent the operation of these railroads, nor
their profitable operation. The Central, the Erie, the Pennsylvania, the Baltimore
and Onio and an increabing number of other railroads carry the products of the West
to the East, and do a good business. But the Erie Canal, which can carry cheaper
than they, not only has a valuable traffic of its own, but, what is of vital importance,
it protects the people against the combination of railroads to exact unreasonable
rates.
This is the true office of a Government telegraph line, if we ever have one. It will
be a useful and very convenient a^unct to the mails, but it should not and need not
drive out private telegraph companies. It will enable a letter written, sav, in Cin-
cinnati to be delivered at its New York address as quickly as it would be delivered at
a Cincinnati address if mailed there for city delivery. That is a convenience for which
a great number of people would pay a moderate extra charge. But for stock orders
and a great mass of other business correspondence, and for news reports, the lines of
private companies would still be used, at a somewhat higher charge for quicker dis-
patch.
We are surprised that any one should think it desirable or practicable in this conn-
try for the Government to assume the monopoly of the telegraph. But we confess we
are still more surprised that such astute men as Mr. Jay Gould, Mr. A. B. Cornell, and
the other managers of Western Union did not foresee that whenever they made the
public feel the iron hoof of their monopoly upon its neck, that could only result in a
general determination of the people to protect themselves against such oppression,
not by buying the monopolists out, but by setting up an independent Government
line.
74 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G HUBBARD.
[yew York Henld, July 80, 1888.]
» WAKTKD— A POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
The strike of the Westem Union Comnany against the public has had one good effect
ft has forced the attention of the people to the expediency of a GoYemment or postal
telegraph. The qnestion is ji^ettine discussed by tnoughtral Journals in all parts of the
countiy, and the discussion is likely to continue. We print elsewhere a few extracts
from many at hand, to show the general drift of public opinion. «
Several important points seem already fixed in the public mind :
First. It is generally admitted that a monopoly of the telegraph by the Govemment
would be as inexpedient as one by a private company ^ such as the Westem Union
etock-waterers have been for years engaged in establisning.
Second. It is everywhere held that tne Govemment ought not to think of bnjiog the
Western Union out, and for the reason that it can build a more complete system of
lines for a small fraction of the Westem Union's nominal capital. On this head the
cautious and accurate Journal of Conunerce says : ,
" Its nominal capital Is 990,000,000, while all of its present property could be replaced
in better working order at a cost not to exceed $15,000,000 at the outrade, and prob-
ably at not over 910,000,000 or $12,000,000. It has issued large blocks of stocks, fuutly
to buy up opposing lines and partly by way of watering its own shares. It has never
paid much regard to the public accommodation. Its rates have been fax too high, and
tts treatment of its customers is arbitrary and insolent to the hi^jhest degree. It has
fought off or purchased, as far as it could, all competition, and it has refused every
reasonable concession to the demands of the press and the general public."
The Chicago Tribune points out that the British Government, which bought oot
English lines, paid much more than thev were worth. It adds: '*The demand for
postal telegraphy has been immensely quickened bv the occurrence of the present strike.
£ut in insisting that the idea of the post-office be so widened as to include electric
letters the people of this country, taking counsel of their own good sense, as idso of
their experience, will hold to two points unwaveringly. These are :
"I. No purchase of existing lines which are bloated with watered stock.
'*2. Genuine Govemment civil service to run the telegraph firee of all office grab-
bing."
Third. It is generally seen that the Govemment, with a moderate expenditure, can
construct lines which will cover the country more completely than Westem Union has
ever done, and that the postmasters at small post-offices can learn the art of telegraphy
And thus unite their present duties with those of telegraph operators, greatly to the
public convenience.
Fourth. It is seen, also, that a Govemment telegraph will not supersede or drive
out private companies, but will, by a wholesome competition, compel these to serve
thepublio at fair rates and punctually.
The New Haven Palladium recalls the speech of Senator Edmunds at the last ses-
eion in favor of a postal telegraph. We hope this eminent Senator will take up the
eubject as soon as Congress reassembles. He will find, unless we are much mistaken,
^ery general support from both parties, and a full discussion of the question will, we
believe, bring tne next Congress to the determination to establish at once a general
postal-telegraph system. The Govemment, as the Palladium properly says, will not
need to expend money for right of way, as it has the right to run wires over all post
routes, ana that is everywhere.
Hitherto a good deal of opposition to the Gk>vemment undertaking telegraph work
has arisen fh>m the fear that in some way Con^press would be induced to follow the
British example and buy out existing lines. But it is now clear that the country would
not for a moment tolerate any such scheme as this. No one desires the Government to
monopolize the telegraph business. In that it is seen there would be many dangers
and inconveniences. But the idea of a postal telegraph used as an adjunct to the mail
service gains favor everywhere, because it is not open to the Just objections of the
other plan. The true use of a postal telegraph will be, as we pointed out the other day,
to effect a speedier letter delivery. Dispatcues or letters sent by postal telegraph will
be put into the general mail delivery at the point of destination ; and thus, for a
trining additional cost, a letter writer will save, in point of time, the whole distance
between the place where he writes and the place where his letter is to be delivered.
A letter for New York, written at Cincinnati, Chicago, New Orleans, or San Francisco
would reach New York the same day and be th^re delivered in the ordinary course of
the letter carrier's work.
For that convenience the public will pay what it costs ; and the Government, which
does not water its stock, will charge no more than cost. But a great and increasing
mass of business and press correspondence which requires immediate delivery wiU
etill go over well-managed private lines, of which under such a system there would
probably be more and more. Everybody who has considered the question knows that
8TAT£Bi£NT OF GARDINITR G. HUBBARD. 75
the telegraph is not yet used to one-tenth tho extent that i t ought to he and wonld he
were it not that ratee have heen kept nndoiy high hy the Western Union stook-water-
«r8 in order to secure dividends on their enormously inflated stock, and were it not,
besides, for the poor and irregular service, which discourages the use of the telegraph
except when it is absolutely required. There is no reason why a dispatch tikken at
New York at 10 a. m. should not be delivered in Cincinnati before S2 or 3 p. m. Tet
such delays are frequent, and no one who uses the telegraph but has been annoyed at
such vexatious loss of time, and by the uncertainty as to now soon his dispatcn will
get to its address.
The establishment of a postal telegraph will compel private companies to content
themselves with reasonable charges, and, what is or even ^preater importance to the
public, will force them to prompt delivery, because that will be necessary to secure
them business. The telegraph is still open to great improvement in this matter of
handling the business which comes to it. But such improvement, however urgently
required by the public convenience, will never be made without such competition as
a (iovemment postal telegraph will provide.
[Sew York Herald; Angost 1, 1883.1
POSTAL TELEGRAPH NOT A MONOPOLY.
We print elsewhere another set of extracts from Journals in different parts of the
connti^ which favor the establishment of a postal telegraph enrstem. Tne question
is very widely discussed, and we could fill pages of the Herald with the arguments
made Dy Journals North, South, East, and West which demand that the Government
shall undertake the telegraph service either entirely or, as the Herald has suggested,
in part, and as a more expeditious letter service. Many newspapers which oppose
Government lines because they fear a Government monopoly of the telegraph, rreely
admit that the question is one which ought to be discussed, and must be met, and
that it may be better to have a Government monopoly than a private monopoly of the
telegraph, such as has been created by the Western union stock>waterers.
The proposition which finds most favor does not look to a Government telegraph
monopoly at all. That is not necessary and is not desirable. Wo need not and snoald
not follow blindly European precedents. The British Government bought out the
private telegraph companies and paid, as is now known, much more for their wires
and other property than these were worth. That is a plan which would suit the
telegraph monopolists here very well ; but to that the public will not consent.
The plan favored by Senators Edmunds, Sherman, and Piatt looks to the builuing
of an independent Government line, to be operated as an adjunct to the mail service.
There is nothing impracticable abont that ; nor wonld such a Government line drive
out or take profltable business away from private lines. The Government line would
enable a person to telegraph a letter insteaa of sending it by railroad ; the telegraphed
letter would be delivered in the ordinary course of mail delivery at its point of des-
tination. This would be a great public convenience; bnt it would not supply the
business and press demand for the utmost speed, and the private companies would
SI ill have their lines full of business. Only the competition of Government lines
would force them to reasonable rates, and, what is even more urgently required and
less attainable under the present private monopoly, to accurate and quick transmis-
sion and delivery.
The Chicago Tribune, which discusses this plan in an extract which we reprint
elsewhere, remarks that a Government telegraph will not extinguish or discourage
private companies anv more than the Post-Offlce Department undertakingto carry
merchandise parcels has extinguished or injured the express companies. The cases
are precisely parallel, and the Chicago Tribune's illustration makes clear what would
be tne eiTi^ct and what the uses of a postal telegraph.
The World does not think well of a Government telegraph. We did not suppose
it would. It will find its arguments met and overthrown in the different extracts
from influential Journals which we print in other columns. When Congress meets
and the postal telegraph is urged, there will be, of course, the usual outcry of ** vested
interests;" no doubt some Senatorial friend of monopoly will, like the World, shake
the Constitution in the face of Congressmen ; but we agree with that other Democratic
Journal, the Star, which says: **We have every expectation that not many more
weeks will pass before the press all over the country will urge the consideration of a
postal telegraph bill next winter. That is the only real, reasonable, and permanent
nope of relief against the present oppressive and parsimonious monopoly which has
cri])pled the business of the continent in order that it may assert its power over the
strikers "
76 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
The telegraph basinees, m now condacted, must be extraordinarily profitable, for
it enables Western Union to pay large regular diyidends on an enormonsly watered
stock. In the usnal coarse of events, in a free country like this, ^i^reat protite indaoe
competition. It has been so in this case. A number of competing telegraph lines
have from time to time been established. What has become of them f They have
been bought up and combined with Western Union. For years this process has been
going on, with the unconcealed object of creating a huge telegraph monopoly, which
should be able to charge the public what it pleased, and give it as poor service as it
chose. In a pamphlet, circulated last year with the object of inducing country peo-
ple to invest their savings in Western Union stock, this monopolistic purpose was
ev( n boasted of and its success proclaimed. To persuade investors that western
Union was a particularly good thing, they were told that tbis company possessed now
a monopoly of telegraphing ; that it had no opposition to fear, and the Western Union
wfts boldly likened to ** an army of occupation," in these words :
** In truth, the Western Union Telegraph Company may be more aptly compared
to an army of occupation than almost any other organization in tjie conntry. Pre-
sided over by a general of experience and renown, its employ^ are a host distri-
buted in rauKS and divisions, and in a possession of the 6ountry more complete than
could be otherwise acquired, except by peaceful acquiescence following u{K>n neces-
sity, usefulness, and efficient service. No competing company could supplant it or
lessen its hold upon vast portions of its territory so completely preoccupied. To be-
lieve so would be to believe that capital could be turned into channels utterly nn-
grofitable, unsafe, and disastrous. One might as well try to induce water to run ap a
ill. New inventions of an experimental obaraoter, such as automatic systems and
postal telegraph devices, and the extension of telephonic facilities, may threaten the
completeness of the grasp which the Western Union Company has upon tho power of
instantaneous communication in this country, but until there is some better evidence
of ability to comi)ete, with profit, with the perfection of system attained by this com-
pany, no fear need be entertained but that it will retain its capacity to earn in larger
proportion \;han almost any other enterprise in the country."
This was after Western Union had gobbled up the Atlantic and Pacific and Ameri-
can Union competing companies, and when the Mutual Union's turn to be enveloped
in the arms of the great Western Union cuttlefish was near at hand.
There has been, ^erefore, no such free competition as in the natural course would
have come about. Competitors have been bought o£f or bought up by men who had
determined to monopolize this vitally important means of communication, and who
have, in fact, succeeded. Thej did not care what it cost them, for they were going
to make the public pay the cost by high rates and poor service, and make their work-
men help pay the cost by low wages.
It is clear that in tbis case " the laws of trade " have been deliberately prevented
from working. It remains for the Government to step in — not to assume a monopoly
itself, but to provide that wholesome and proper competition which alone can liber-
ate the public from the grasp of this Western Union '* army of occupation."
[Sew York Herald, Angost 2, 1883.]
THB TELEGRAPH STRIKE.
The Chicago Tribune thinks we misunderstood one of its articles the other day on
the relations of the strikers to the public We will not dispute with our contemporary,
which has a right to define its own meaning ; and in later articles it has shown itself
on the right side — the side of the public.
In a strike like this of the telegraph operators the publiQ must necessarily sufier a
good deal of inconvenience; but (^^at cannot be helped. It would be much better to
settle all such disputes by arbitration ; but to accomplish that employers must show
a friendly and conciliatory spirit toward their people.
Where competition in business is free and open, there, again, strikes are not sofre-
anent, and wnen they happen the public is not inconvenienced. The Western Union
as been engaged for years in either absorbing or disabling its competitors; it has de-
stroyed competition and established a monopoly. If the companies it has absorbed
were in existence to-day the public Vould not be inconvenienced by the trouble be-
tween the Western Union and its people.
The Senate Committee on Education and Labor is to meet here next Monday to
look into the causes of the telegraph strike. Its inquiry will probably give Important
information to Congress on the subject of the necessity for a postal telegraph system
as a means to secure healthful competition in the telegraph business. Meantime the
strike goes on ; and we regret to see that different Journals continue to discuss it from
STATEMENT OF GAhDlNER G. HUBBARD. 77
•
a merely sentimental point of view — they are friends and supporters of the company,
or they are friends of the strikers. Bnt the real party interested is the public. The
real question is how to prevent hereafter another telegraph blockade. The workmen
have a right to strike. The company, even if it is a monopoly, has a right to stand
out against its workmen. Between these two it is a trial of endurance in which the
public has nothing to do but to look on. But the public has a right to ask Congress
to do the only thinff which can prevent a repetition of its losses, and that is to estab-
lish a Government une in competition with the private lines. There is no other way,
and there is now a very peremptory and general demand for that way.
[New York Henld, AngoBt 6, 1883.]
POSTAL TBLBORAPHT.
We print elsewhere this morning another collection of extracts from influential Jour-
nals in diflferent parts of the country discussing and favoring the establishment of a
postal telegraph system — not as a Government monopoly, but as an adjunct to the
letter mail service, and b^ way of a wholesome and, as is now generally seen, neces-
sary competition with private lines.
A Government monopoly, as some of these Journals clearly argue, is not wanted, and
is not desirable. But competition of some* kind is absolutely required by the most
important public interests; and private competition with the Western Union has been
deliberately made impossible by the monopolists who control that concern.
How they have done this, by what persistent and unscrupulous use of courts and
other means, during a number of years, is shown in an instructive Congressional re-
port, from which we print extracts elsewhere. This report, made by Mr. Bingham,
of Pennsylvania, from the House Committee on Post Offices and Post-Roads, at the
close of the last session of Congress, brings to light some new facts concerning the
operations of the Western Union in its deliberate plot to drive out all competitors and
monopolize in its own hands the telegraph communications of the country, and make
of itself, as the famous Weetem Union pamphlet boastfully said, an " army of occu-
pation."
In its remorseless determination to establish a monopoly of the telegraph, the West-
em — - -
a law
time,
ment of a separate telegraph system was withdrawn bylthe failure of Congress to graut
this act of national incorporation. Since that time (lti66) the Western Union Tele-
fraph Company has practically monopolized the telegraph business of the country.^
hen follows, in this report, the long list of Western Union's ''absorptions" — the
Pacific and Atlantic Company, the Great Western Compstiy, the Franklin Company,
the Southern and Atlantic, the Atlantic and Pacific, the American Union, and so on —
all swallowed by Western Union.
Next comes, in the Congressional report, the story of Western Union in the courts,
where this monopoly ''constantly contested" with opposition lines " the rights in-
tended to be granted by Congress under the act of lHb6, granting the rights of way
along the railroad post-routes of the United States," while, when it had its own ends
to sm>serve, it turned about and pleaded in the courts for the very rights, which, as
the report says, it " theretofore always denied to other telegraph companies." The
report also relates the Western Union's dealings with patents. But we refer the pub-
lic to the document itself, printed in another column.
It is plain from the facts there stated by a committee of Congress that " whether a
postal telegraph system shall be established or not, or whether the control of the tele-
graph business of the country shall be left in private hands, subject to such legisla-
tion as Congress may deem advisable to secure reasonable competition without the
danger of constant absorption by the Western Union Telegraph Company, is a ques-
tion to be seriously considered."
That is the real question, and to it the country is making a very decided answer.
It is plain that the Western Union monopolists do not mean to tolerate competition.
They have got the public and their workmen by the throat. They mean to make a
dividend on their eighty millions of stock at all hazards. A poor and dilatory service
for the public and low wages for their work-people are necessary to achieve this, it
seems. If the underpaid workmen strike, the public must sufier; if the low wages
bring only incompetent workmen, again the pnblic must sn£fer. If an opposition and
competing line is attempted it must be harried in the courts and finally absorbed if
ir cannot otherwise Im> destroyed. That is the system by which the monopoly haa
made it^i^lf, as its frieuds boast, an *' army of occupation."
'(
78 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
If the Western Union had not made free competition impossible there would be no
snch general outcry for Government postal lines as now is neard all over the country.
But when a gigantic monopoly deliberately makes free competition impossible in a
business so vitally important to the whole community as is communication by tele-
graph the Government must step in to liberate the citizens from oppression. Fortu-
nately it is not necessary that the Government should itself monopolize the teleeraph.
Its lines, used for the transmission of letters, to be delivered at destination as Tetters
are now, will serve as a sufficient protection to the public and will ^o more drive out
or injure legitimate private telegraph companies than the transmission of merchandisd
through the malls has ruined or injured the express companies.
[Sew York HeraOd, Aognst 7, 1883.]
POSTAL TELEGRAPH SUGGESTIONS.
General Huidekoper, postmaster of Philadelphia, has given practical consideration
to the problem of such a postal telegraph as tne Herald has urged, and in a conver-
sation with a Herald correspondent, printed elsewhere, makes some valuable state-
ments and suggestions on the subject. He has no doubt that telegrams can be deliv-
ered by letter-carriers in cities as quickly — at least to those parts distant from
telegraph or post-office centers — as the telegraph companies now send them, and of
this no one who has experienced the vexations and dilatory deliviery of telegrams at
even short distances from the main offices in our great cities will have any doubt.
General Huidekoper savs on this poiut :
''One hundi-ed aud fifty-six of our carriers are taken frt>m this office four times a
day to distant parts of the city by wagons and brought back again immediately after
they have made each delivery, so that they can reacu their routes, without suffering
the detention which they would if they were transported by street cars; ana
I am inclined to think that telegrams now received m this city for points two
miles from the central office are not now delivered as promptly as if they were in-
trusted to the city delivery department of this office for carrying. Of course in the
business center of the city the delivery of letters should be made every hour ; and if
the delivery of telegrams was also a part of our business an intermediate delivery
could readily be made of these. I think every one who lives in the outskirts of Phil-
adelphia or in the suburbs believes that telegram's are not now delivered until a suffi-
cient number accumulate to warrant the sending out of a messenger, and that the
postal service is now almost as rapid between the central office and substations as the
present telegraph service. "
As to country offices he makes the following useful suggestion : " It seems to me
that the postal service should be extended to every post-office in the United States
by having certain post-office centers from which telegrams could be distributed by
mail. For instance, a telegram sent from here to a small post-office fifteen miles from
Chicago could be sent to the Chicago office and mailed there — the sender beine in-
formed at this office as to when the mails for the office of destination would leave
the Chicago office and the telegrams could be sent with reference to the time on
schedules so as to make the proper connections."
[New York Herald, Angast 10, 1883.]
POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
We print elsew^ ere this morning a fourth series of extracts from influential jour-
nals in all parts of the country discussing the various aspects of the telegraph ques-
tion. . It will be seen that the demand for competing lines, to be established by the
Government, is widespread and general. The Chicago Tribune, in a leading article
of great ability, takes up the different points of the question and holds —
First. That public sentiment will not tolerate the purchase by the Government of
the present private lines.
Second. That the Government must construct its own lines.
Third. That there should be no attempt at a Government monopoly of the t-elegraph.
Fourth. That competition between Government and private lines is possible and
necessary, because in that case any abuses on Government lines would be remedied by
the pubUc using the private lines.
Fifth. That the Government has the same right to build and operate telegraph
lines as private individuals, and there is no pretense that private individuals or cor-
porations may not build new and competing lines.
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 79
To tbeae considerations other JounialB add that—
Sixth. The amalgamation policy of the Western Union has made healthful com-
petition by private e£fort impossible. All new competitors are either crashed or
bought off or "swallowed. '' Hence it is necessary that the Government shall come
to the help of the public.
Seventh. That the nse of the telegraph is still capable of very great extension, and
that as fast mails have superseded s^w mails, so it is necessary to make the telegraph
not only ** the rich man's mail, " but the poor man's as well.
Eighth. That, as several experienced postmasters have explained, there is no diffi-
culty at all in making the telegraph an adjunct of the post-office, and having post-
office telegrams delivered by the letter-carriers, or in small places simply delivered at
the local post-office.
Ninth. That the cost of the service will not be great, and that it will be undoubt-
ed|ly self-supporting.
Tenth. That the necessary employment of skilled operators will be a help towarda
oivil service reform.
Finally, the opinion is very generally expressed that the next Congress ought to,,
and very probably will, pass a postal telegraph act.
(New York Herald, Aagost 14, 1888.1
GOVERyBfENT COMPETITION NEEDED.
We print elsewhere this morning another series of extracts from Journals in differ-
ent parts of the country an^uipg m favor of a Government line of telegraph to com-
pete with private lines. Two of these articles— one from the New York Public and
one from the Chicago Tribune — are so valuable that we make extended extracts from
them. They discuss t-he various phases of this important matter with such ability afi
shows that these influential Journals have made a careful study of it. From the New
York Star, also, we reprint an article in which that Journal with conspicuous ability
answers the objections raised to Government competing lines by the World and the
Sun.
There is no longer any doubt that the popular mind is determined upon a Govern-
ment or postal telegraph system. The objections to it in the press, here and there,
are feeble and for uie most part doctrinaire, resting upon grounds which could be
inst as strongly arged against the Government carrying the mails. On the other
land, it is quite clear that the longer the plan of Government competing lines of
telegraph is considered the stronger and more numerous are the reasons developed
for it and the more practical and necessary to the public convenience and security it
is shown to be.
It is the general opinion that the Government ought not to assume the exclusive
control of the telegraph, because a Government monopoly would be almost as danger-
ous and objectionable as that from which the public now suffers. Competition ia
needed. The competition of private effort and private companies would be prefera-
ble, but that has been deliberately destroyed by the Western Union Company, which,
as one of its friends wrote in a now notorious pamphlet, holds the country like ** an
army of occupation. " There remains, therefore, no protection for the public except
snch as the €k>vemment can give by competing lines.
The Public, in a very able discussion of the problem, declares rightly that " there
is safety only in preserving permanently two competing systems^ either of which
must depend for its revenues and its very existence ux>on rendering service with
promptness and fidelity. '' And the Public adds :
" The Government itself absolutely needs a telegraphib system for its own protection.
This will not seem the language of exaggeration when it is considered that the ordinary
enforcement of laws, the capture of offenders, the success of fiscal operations, the pro-
tection of the country against domestic insurrection or foreign invasion have come to
depend in these days upon the instant transmission of intelligence with certain and
absolute secrecy. It may at anv time come to pass that the private interests of those
controlling a telegraph system snail require the non-enforcement of the law, the escape
of a criminal, the prevention or delay of a financial operation, or the partial success
of a domestic outbreak or foreign inroad. It is nonsense to say that this cannot hap-
pen. If Mr. Gould could suppress for a few honrs or days news of an outbreak on the
Pacific coast, or of the departure of a hostile iron-clad from Europe, he could make
millions by it. The Government has no certainty that he would throw away millions.
It has no certainty that its orders bearing on great financial operations may not be
betrayed, and its aims thwarted. "
To the World's plea that private competition ought to be the sole remedy for the
i
80 STATEMENT OF GABDINER G. HUBBARD.
present troubles the Star pertinently replies : ** Had the editor of that interesting
paper lived long in the United States he wonld know that competition has had its
way and day in the telegraph business and has utterly broken down. The present
state of things has grown directly out of the very competition he clamors lor as a
remedy for the present state of things. '' The Indianapolis Times remarks :
'* The Signal Service of the Government has become a necessity in the preservation
of property and shipping upon the rivers, lakes, and seas, and f<ir the preservation
of numan life, and its importance to the interests of commerce is incalcolable ; yet
in 1870 these interests were all Jeopardized and the Signal Service brought to a suspen-
sion by the refusal of the telegraph company to accept the terms offered by the Gov-
ernment. The business of the commercial world has been thrown into confusion dor-
ing the past three weeks by the strike of the operators. But there is still another and
greater danger. The telegraphic lines of this country are practically in the hands of
one man, and that man a g^igantic speculator. He has in his power the only means
of instantaneous transmission of news, not only throuffhout tnis country, but across
the ocean. Having this power, he can at any time, for nis own speculative purposes,
suppress the transmission of news until the business of the whole country could be
paralyzed.''
The Chicago Tribune sensibly sa^s: ^^It is better in every way that the Govern-
ment should compete in the transmission of telegraphic correspondence than endeavor
to monopolize it. If the men in control of the Government snould ever take advan-
I tage of its telegraphic facilities to pay excessive salaries to its employ^ and to that
end charge the public exorbitant rat«s, or if confidential communications on business,
social, or political affairs were betrayed by the Government service, the people would
have the competing private lines to fall back upon, and wonld prefer to pay the com-
panies higher rates to make sure of inviolability. In this way competition would be
a wholesome and permanent restraint upon the Government and the men in control as
well as upon the private companies. " The New York Evening Post perceives that
*^ a larger and larger number of people are beginning to see that Government compe-
tition is the only one which will ever prove effective against the Western Union, and
the only remedy for whatever inconveniences arise from having the telegraphy of
the country in the hands of one corporation. The Western Union has found so
little difficulty for many years in destroying competition by buying out rival compet-
itors that the creation of rival companies for the express purpose of bein^ sold out to
it, after a period of fictitious activity and furious deounciation of monopolies, has long
been a favorite device of tricky financiers. In fact, tho corporation is largely made
up of these purchased champions of popular rights. What we need now is a Govern-
ment telegraph, in connection with tho x>08t-office, to compete with the commercial
corporations. "
These quotations from influential and thoughtful Journals fairly represent the
thought of the country, and there can be little doubt that Congress will act upon this
thought at the approaching session. We regret to notice that the Sun, almost alone
among journals of influence, opposes the proposed remedies for the evils of telegraph
monopoly.
rN6W York Herald, Angiut 23, 1883.]
THE PUBLIC VOICE DEMANDS A GOVERNMENT TBLEQRAPH.
The telegraph strike has broken down, and the Western Union chiefs are busy making
hard and humiliating conditions for the strikers who ask it for employment. Bnt the
demand for a Government telegraph to compete with private lines continues, and the
longer it lasts the more numerous and cogent the reasons which are urged by journals
in all parts of the country in favor of it. We print elsewhere another set of extracts
from tnoughtful and influential Journals, North, South, East, and West, on the snbject.
The Galveston News and Kansas City Times show the futility of the World's propo-
sition that it would be a sufficient remedyof present telegraph abuses if Congress were
to pass laws forbidding the amalgamation of companies and the watering of stock.
Both these able JoumiQs point out what it is curious the World, under its present man-
agement, should have forgotten — that similar laws passed in Missouri to prohibit the
oonsolidation of railroads have been contemptuously disregarded. The Galveston News
aays:
** The World must be very poorly informed or it would know that the oonstitntional
5 revisions or statutory laws in Missouri, Texas, and other States against the consoli-
ation of parallel and competing railroads have been practically ineffectual. Corpo-
rations and syndicates have found a way to overcome or circumvent all Icffal difficul-
ties, and to consolidate and pool to any extent desired by interested and oontraot-
ing parties.^
The Kansas City Times adds :
^ ' Missouri has the statute, but it is of no practical utility. It has been set at naught
by the railway companies of the State. Since its enactment wholesale consolidations
i
STATEMENT OP GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 81
of parallel and competing lines of railroad have been effected with impunity. In one
instance a line competing with the Missonri Pacific, built with township subscriptions
for the express purpose of competition, was bought by Jay Gould, consolidated and
then destroye€l. In another instance two great nnes traversing the State from east
to west were seized by the same hand and placed under the same mana^ment."
It will strike many people as queer that the World, strenuously opposing a Govern-
ment competing telegraph, urges as a sufficient remedv a law which, it seems, Mr.
Gould himself, the head of the Western Union monopoly, has defied. The Mobile Reg-
ister, by the way, remarks: "In the midst of the cotton season a single tick of this
grivate company. Instigated by the money kings of New York, might sweep away in an
our the hard earned means of business men t3\ over the Soutn." The Albany Express
adds: "It is easy to conceive of situations in which the interests of such a capitalist
and speculator might induce him to take advantage of exclusive knowledge, obtained
by virtue of his ownership of the telegraph, in regard to fiscal operations of the Gov-
ernment, or other wants affecting the value of stocks."
[New York Herald, August 80. 1888.]
THE POSTMABTBR-QBNERAL ON QOVERNMSNT TELEGRAPHS.
The Herald's Washiuffton correspondent reports that Postmaster-General Greshom
is making a careful study of the telegraph question, and intends to give some recom-
mendations upon the subject in his annual report. It is believed in Washington that
bills for the establishment of a Government line will be introduced in both houses as
aoon as Congress meets. Postmaster-General Gresham regards the matter as one which
ought to receive attention from him and from Congress, because for the first time it
has become a practical question, in which the pubnc takes a lively and positive in-
terest.
We trust Mr. Gresham's studies will lead him to the conviction, almost nniversallv
entertained by the public, that the Government ought not to monopiize the telegraph
service ; that it ought not to repeat the costly blunder of the British Government by
buying out existing lines, and that the Government lines ought to beusedasacUunoto
to the postal service.
There will be a heavy pressure from speculators to persuade Congress to buy out the
present companies. The Evening Post, which some weeks ago held that telegraph
operators ought to be prevented oy law from striking, yesterday broke ground with
^n argument that the Government ought to buy out the Western Union and other ex-
isting companies as a matter of justice. The Post will presently tell the people of New
York that they ought either to shut up the Erie Canal or buy out all the railroads, and
that the elevated railroad companies in this city ought to buy out all the surface
lines.
There is room enough for a dozen well manas:ed telegraph companies in this country.
The use of the telegraph has been limited and checks by the monopolv of the West-
em Union Company, which has steadily absorbed its competitors and thus prevented
that healthful and necessary competition which alone brings any great invention into
general use. If a single corporation could have managed to keep control and owner-
Slip of all the steamlK>at8 in the country for the last forty years, steam navigation
would, like the telegraph, be still in its infancy. The Western Union is said to have
transmitted 30,000y(^ of messages last year, and this in a country with 50,000,000 of
people. With proper competition in tins business in five years the people will be-
come so accustomed to use the telegraph that they will send 300,000,000 rather than
30j000,000 of messages per annum. Even that would be less than six messages per
head of population.
As for Government lines, we wonder how many allies of corporations will have the
impudence to pretend that the Government has not the same right as private citizens
to Duild competing lines. The telegraph monox>olists cannot hope to '* absorb ''a
Government Une, that is true. But it is to secure the needed 'Competition, which the
monopolists have deliberately made impossible, that the people demand a Govern-
ment competing line.
[From the Chicsgo Tribnoe.]
NATIONAL TELEGRAPHS.
The demand for postal telegraphy has been immensely quickened by the oconrrenoe
of the present strike. But in insisting that the idea of the Poet-Offioe be so widened
as to include electric letters the people of this country, taking counsel of their own
good sense, as also of their experience, will hold to two points unwaveringly. These
are:
1. ' No purchase of existing lines which are bloated with watered stock.
2. Genuine Government ctvil service to run the telegraph free of all office grabbing
8. Eep. 577, pt. 2 6
J
82 8TATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD
The Eoglish bonsht their lines ftx>m the private companiee and were Hbockingly
cheated. Mr. Scadamore, of the British x>08t-offlce, made a careful estimate for Par-
liament; in which he calculated that the purchase of the lines would cost not to ex-
ceed 120,000,000, and that the extensions and transfer to official hands would cost not
to exceed $500,000 more. The extensions in five years after the purchase had cost
$12,500,000 instead of $500,000, with more to come, and the total expenditure of the
British Government had reached the enormous sum of $50^000,000, instcuulof the modest
sum of $20,500,000 they were assured would be the outside.
The Government has plenty of mone^ — more than it knows what to do with. Let it
build telegraph lines connecting Washington with the principal cities of the Republic,
binding together the political, commercial, and financial centers by wires not at the
mercy of any monopoly whether of labor or of capital. Let these be gradually ex-
tended as the money-order post-offices have been until the whole country epjoys sll
the blessings of the postal telegraph. The Government and the private companies
will act as a beautiful system of checks on each other. The competition of the Gov-
ernment will keep down the private tendency to extortionate rates. The oompetition
of the private lines will keep the officers of the Government enterprising and alive to
new methods and new wants.
The Government will have no monopoly, but neither will a private and watered
corporation have a monopoly.
[From the Baltimore Amerioaa.]
POSTAL TBLBQRAPHT.
The strike of the telegraph operators has brought into renewed prominence the ques-
tion of the advisability of annexing a system of telesraphy to our ordinary mail service.
It is true that an army of telegraph operators would be added to the Government pay-
rolls, but on the other hand, the income of the Government from telegraphy would more
than meet that exx>ense. Moreover, the time required to learn to become a skilled
ovenXoT involves an apprenticeship, and this enforces a permanence of tenure of office
which mere political clerkships do not naturally enjoy. There would be no depart-
ment of the Government, except perhaps the Coast Survey, in which the principles of
civil service reform would more easily be carried out. As to espionage and monopoly
of information, there is no more danger in telegraphy than in postal monopoly. The
Government has never abused the sanctity of the mails. Why should it violate the
privacy of telegrams f
The advantages are very obvious. In the first place, cheapness and uniformity
would be obtained, and far greater i>erfection of distribution or wires. The Govern-
ment, not having dividends to pay upon immensely watered stock, could work very
cheaply. Its income from the great cities would be so large that it could afford to
establish country lines where they would not pay. For example, the income of the
PostrOffice from the mails between New York and Philadelphia is enormous, and gives
it a margin for establishing post-offices in remote places where the mails are carried
at a loss. It costs as mucn to send a letter to Towson as to San Francisco. Some-
thing of the same sort might be done in telegraphy. It would not be the object of
the Uovemment to make money by telegraphy, but only to make it pay its own ex-
penses, as the Post-Office does, and at the same time make t-elegraphic communication
as uniiorm in cost and as cheap as the case will permit. Every post-office would have
its telegraph, and perhaps even the lowest might in time combine the functions of
postmaster and telegrapn operator. The Government could build its own lines for
less than one-fourth of the inflated value of Western Union. It is already annouDoed
that a bill to carry out this plan will be introduced in Congress at the coming ses-
sion, and it would be well for the people to think over it and make up their minds on
the subject.
[From the New Haven Pallsdlnm.l
OOVERNMBNT TELEGRAPH.
Whatever may be the result of the telegraph operators' strike it is safe to predict
that it will so sharply call attention to the relations of the telegraph to tJie Govern-
ment and the people as to give a renewed impetus to the postal telegraph scheme or
to some other plan for the better regulation of teleflraph communication. Cor
leaders will perhaps recall the speeches made in the nanonal Senate on this subject
at its last session. They were made in connection with the debate on the Post-
Office appropriation bill, and attracted much attention at the time. The first waa
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 83
made by Senator Piatt, of this State, who waa followed by Senators Sherman and
Edmnnds. The three Senators took the same gronnd, that the time had oome for
the Government to seriously consider the advisability of establishing telegraph lines
of its own. The general tenor of these speeches is indicated by the foUo^Hng ex-
tract from that of Senator Edmunds : **What the United States in regard to the
postal affairs and the welfare of its people needs to do more than anything else is
to construct a postal telcj^ph, beginning moderately between great points in the
country and all intermediate points, and then extending it, Just as we have the
mail system, as the needs of the community and fair economy would require, until
every post-office in the country should liave, or be within immediate reach of a postal
telegraph. That is what ought to be done and what will be done within a very few
years beyond all question." Senator Edmunds ffave notice that he should at the first
opportunitjr in the next Congress introduce a Dili for a postal telegraph, and the
present strike, with the general inconvenience and derangement of business resulting
from it, cannot fail to win strong support for it.
One thing should be thoroughly understood at the outset, and that is that Govern-
ment control should not take the direction of purchasing the lines of the present cor-
porations, with their watered stock. Competent telegraph men say that the Govern-
ment, with the right of eminent domain which it has under the power to establish
post routes, could establish a postal telegraph system for $15,000,000, which would be
practicallv equal as to all central iK>ints to the Western Union Company with its
almost $100,000,000. It would not be necessary for the Government, in building its
lines, to buy the right of way, as it would unquestionably have the right to establish
a postal telegraph along any post ronte. The public would thus be relieved of the
necessity of paying dividends on watered stock, and the operators would be assured
of a <^ fair day's pay for a fair day's labor'' without the necessity of resorting to a strike.
It is to be hopea that Mr. Edmunds will make good his promise to introdnce a postal
telegraph bill at the earliest date possible.
[Fhmi th6 Coonoil Bliiib KonparelLI
POSTAL TBLEORAPHT.
The serious interruption of the business of the country and the damage sustained
by other interests innumerable on account of the telegraphers' strike is renewing at-
tention to the practicability of postid telegraphy. The nght of the nation to facilitate
the business of its citizens by means of wires is as undoubted as is its right to do so
tlironfl^ the medium of mail bags. The capital stock of the Western Union is
$100,000,000, and yet gentlemen thoroughly conversant with the subject have stated
with precision that the Government could inaugurate a complete postal system, now
throughout, serving the same territory now under the wires of tne Western Union,
for $15,000,000. The subject, in view at least of the possible recurrence of Just such
troubles as are now npon us, deserves, as it will most assuredly receive, the careful
consideration of press and public.
[From th6 New Haven Joonal and Coarier.]
THB QOVBRNMENT TELBORAPH.
The qnestion as to whether the Government shall establish a system of telegraph
lines thronghout the country is pressing forward npon public attention. The manifest
weakness of the Western Union in the present contest is rapidly producing a profound
impression npon the people. A gigantic monopoly is always loosed upon as a sort of
public enemy because it means hi^ prices and arbitrary regulations. But the public
IS last finding out that a monopoly controlling one of the great interests of the
country, vitally important to its commerce, involves something moie than a question
of prices. When the monopoly becomes disabled its work stops and business suffers
without a remedy. Telegraphy is much too important to onr commercial interests to
be left subject to such vicissitudes as the present strike. The people cannot afford to
trust any corporation with such power that it can stagnate the Duuness of the country
whenever it chooses to quarrel with its employ^. The question of Government tele-
graph will be pretty sure to press itself upon the attention of the next Congress.
And why should we not have the Government telegraph f It would not be neoes-
sary to condemn and pay for the franchise of the Western Union. The Government
could establish competing lines of its own. The competition would be a pretty safe
one so far as the Government would be concerned. The Western Union pays good
84 STATEMENT OF OARUINRE G. HUBBARD.
dlvidonds on enormoiiBly watered capital stock. To enable the company to do this
the people are made to pay much more than they ouffht to for the transmiasioo of
their dispatches. The Government can dnplicate the Western Union system of wires
for, probably, a third of the present capital of that company. It need charge for
measaees no more than the actual cost of their transmission. It mav charge enough
to produce a revenue and still fall far below the price of the Western Union. In short,
the Government telegraph will save the country the dividends It is a scheme in
which the profits are pocketed by the people instead of a corporation.
The common obiection to thiB is that the business would not be as economically
done by public as bv private enterprise. Wlyt business is more eoonomicaUy man-
aged than the postal service f It can safely cnallenge comparison with the Western
Imion, and the employ^ of the postal service are not underpaid. Nobody has been
known to strike fh>m it. The situations are always full and plenty of applicants
waiting.
[From the Montral Q«8«tte.]
THB TBLBORAPHER8* STRIKE.
Mr. Mitchell was quite right when he denounced the absorption of the Montreal
Teleffraph Company by the western Union, through the intermediary of the Great
Northwestern, and the applause with which his remarks were received showed how
generally his opinions were concurred in. To us. who incurred some odium becaose
of the position taken by the Gazette on this question, these views are at least a vindi'
cation of our course. Had merchants generally taken as warm an interest in the
question then as they are forced to do now the absorption mi^ht have been prevented,
and the Canadian system at any rate would have been in the hands of gentlemen upon
whom the pressure of public opinion, would have had some influence. And Mr. Magor
was quite risht when he pointed out the responsibilities of the companies under their
charters and the way in which those responsibilities are being ignored. We have no
doubt that the solution of this trouble is to be found in the Government taking control
of the telegraph system and that the sooner this is done the better will it m for the
public interests.
[From the Chioago Trlbane.]
The New York Herald says :
^' This consideration leads directly to the effective means by which the Government
can protect the public agaiust telegraph monopolies. Con^n:«8s may, if it sees fit.
authorize the construction of a complete network of postal telegraph lines, to be used
in connection with the letter mail and as part of toe postal system of the country.
Such a Government line could be properly used for expediting private correspondence.
Letters mailed would be sent for two cents, as the new law provides. Letters tele-
graphed would pay a heavier charge, but still light compared with Jay Gould's char^
They would be telegraphed to the office of destination and there delivered by camerB
in the ordinary course of mail delivery."
Thi9 is a very fair presentation of the case as it is formulated in the public mind.
It starts with the theory that the telegraph has become as necessary a vehicle for the
transmission of intelligence as the mans, and that the public has the right to expect
protection from the Government against a suspension of telegraph facilities by any
combination of private capital or secret conspiracies of labor. The surest, most prac-
tical and most effective way to secure such protection to the people is for the Govern-
ment to construct telegraph lines, beginning with the routes most used, and extending
them as rapidly as possible to all the regular post-routes, and to operate them at a
self-sustaining rate upon the same principle as the mail system. The Government
does not hancUe the mails to make profit. It is not obli£[ed to earn dividends on stock,
and it would have no telegraph bonds issued on which it would be required to pay in-
terest. The Government would build its telegraph system with spare money, surploB
revenue, and it would only have to charge enough tolls to defray operating expenses
and repairs.
It will be by no means a formidable undertaking for the Government. Probably an
exi>enditure of $25,000,000, extended over half a dozen years, will provide a telegraph
service as extensive as that now covered by the private corporations, and of a much
more durable character, and one which need not charge the public half as high tolls.
The Government may proceed without any reference to existing telegraph companies,
which may continue in business if they cnoose. The transmission of small packages
by mail at cheap rates, assumed by the Government a few years ago, did not drive toe
STATEMENT OF GARDINEB G. HUBBARD. 85
express companies out of business, bat merely forced thum to moderate their charges,
and nobody thought of snggesting that it was the dnt^ of the Govemment to bny up
all the watered express stock in the country. The addition of telegraph facilities to
the Government postal system stands upon precisely the same footing. The Govem-
ment is in nowise committed, and is under no possible oblionition to iQlow the Jobbers
and manipulators of telegraph stock to unload it on Uncle Sam at three or four times
its actual value.
The advantages which will accrue to the public ftom a Govemment telegraph sys-
tem are obvious. There will be no watering of stock. There will be no strikes of
operators. There will be no dividends to pay on real or fictitious stock. There will be
no blackmailing lines, built to sell out under threat of undermining competition. The
same perfection in detail can be achieved in telegraphy that has been reached in the
mail service. The public will be better served at greatly reduced rates, and there will
never be any danger of a suspension of facilities pending a disagreement about oper-
tives' wages. If Senator Edmunds will take hold of this project with his known auil-
ity and energy it will not take long for him to concentrate a public sentiment which
Congress will not dare to disregard, no matter how corraptlytne telegraph companies
may act, and he is the sort of man who will not tolerate any Jobs contemplating the
purchase of watered stock as a means to secure the* necessary telegraph poles, wires,
and instruments, which constitute all the machinery the Government needs to go into
the telegraph business.
[From the Worcester Spy.]
POSTAL TELEGRAPH.
Another proposition is that the United States, without interfering with the property
or franchises of the existing companies, shall establish its own lines over such routes
as Congress may direct, "and do a telegraphic business in connection with the postal
service, not to the exclusion of, but in competition with any private corpjorations
now in existence, or which might be established. Such a postal telegraph, with rates
fixed so as to meet all of the current expenses, with a low rate of interest on the cost
of the lines, would provide a permanent competitor of the private lines, compelling
them, in order to secure a fair proportion of tne business, to serve the public at mod-
erate rates, with speed, accuracy, and civility. It would not probably prevent them
from earning a fair profit, for it is believed that ofiQcial management, with its greater
formality, its subjection to laws and regulations not readily changed to suit changing
conditions, and without the stimulus of private interest, cannot adapt itself so weU
to the popular requirements as that of a private corporation can.
[From the Yickebarg Hecald.]
THE REMEDY FOR THE TELEGRAPH STRIKE.
To begin the postal telegraph would cost the Govemment little or nothing, for it
could issue 3 per cent, bonds and arrange the tolls to pay the interest. If the next
Congress does not pass a law to commence the good work, it will woefhlly fail in its
duty to respond to popular sentiment.
[From the 'Sew Haven PaUadinm. ]
CHEAP TELEGRAPHING.
Not the least of the advantages which the postal telegraph has to commend it to
popular &vor Is the low rate of tolls. The telegraph of to-day is, as Senator Piatt ex-
presses it, " the rich man's mail.'' With monopolv crushed out by the powerful aid
of the Govemment it could be brought within the reach of every individual in the
land. In this connection the statistics of tolls in those foreign countries whose gov-
ernments provide telegraph facilities for the people are of interest. In Belgium mes-
sages are sent anywhere within the Kingdom for the uniform price of 10 cents ; in
Switzerland, 10 cents; in Greece, 18 cents; in France, from 10 to 'zO cents, according to
the distance; in Baden and the Netherlands, 13 cents; in Wurt«mburg, 15 cents; in
lytaly, 20 cents ; in the North German Union, 124 to 37^ cents, according to distance;
in Austria and Hungary, 10 to 40 cents, according to distance ; in Norway and Sweden,
86 STATEMENT OF GARDINER O. HUBBARD.
28 oenta : in Australia, 25 cents. Great Britain was the last of the European nations
to abandon the syBtem of private management of telegraphs and unite them with the
postal service. The rates of charges in that country previous to February 5, 1870,
were : For a distance not exceeding 100 miles, 24 cents ; over 100 but not exceeding
200, 36 cents; over 200 miles, 48 cents. For additions of ten words or less than ten
words half rates were charged. Since Febmary 5, 1870, the period when the telegraph
lines passed under the control of the post-office department, the rates have been uni-
formly, and without regard to the distance, throughout the United Kingdom, 24 cents
for the first twenty words of each message, not counting the name or address of the
sender or receiver, and this sum covers the delivery of the message by special fool
messenger within the limit of one mile of the terminal telegraph office.
[From the Waterbnry Amerioaa.)
QOVXBNMBlfT AKD THB TELBGBAPH.
The postal telegraph scheme, however, does not propose to do away with the tele-
ffraph companies as they now exist for certain kinds or business. It only proposes to
bring within reach of all in their communications the speed and convenience which it
now ei:Joyed only by the few.
[From the Memphis AppesL]
AK UNSCRUPULOUS MONOPOLY.
The telegraph business in this country is already in the hands of a hage and un-
scrupulous monopoly, and the tendency is towara further monopoly, whatever
objection there may be to add to the number of the Government's employ^, it is no
relief £rom that difficulty to be grasped by the other difficulty — corporate monopoly.
[From the Nsshville Banner. ]
MORS IMPORTANT THAN THB MAIU
Were telegraphs under the supervision of the Post Office Department, or a separate
one of its own, such troubles as the present would never result. And further, we
should thus secure a cheaper service for the business and public interests of the countiy,
and be confident of a continual decrease in rates, as has been in postage. Communica-
tioii by wire has become of equal if not superior importance as that by malL An oppor-
tunity is offered for the agitation of this question, and the papers of the country should
take every advantage of it. Use the National Treasury surplus in buying or erecting
telegraph lines for the people, to be controlled and conducted as a public service for
the general good.
[From the Trenton State Gaiette.]
POSTAL TELEGRAPHY.
As to the creation of a danjgerons army of office-holders, the fear is chimerical. The
country would never know, bv any interference with public affairs, that such an army
CTisted. The people selected for the service would necessariljr be experts. They could
not be displaced oy wholesale at the chauffc of every administration. Besides, the
new civil service reform system would appnr to them. They would be secure in their
places, both by the impossibility of filling their positions, and by civil service reform.
They would, therefore, be under no temptations to take an active part in primary
packing and convention running.
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 8T
[From the Montreal Witn«M. ]
NO VBSTBD RIGHTS IN CANADA.
We trust that the Goyemment will come to a decision at ODoe in favor of the pro-
posal, which they have had so long under consideration, to establish a telegraph sys-
tem in connection with the postal system. It is to be hoped that the people will urge
upon the Goyemment the Immediate necessity of doing so without apprehensions as
to any obstructions which stand in the way oi a cheap undertaking of the work.
[From the New York Star.]
OHBAP, UNIFORM, AND 8AFX.
The incorporation of the telegraph into the postal service is required in order to secure
a cheap, uniform, and safe method of telegraphic communication . To-day the charges on
telegraphic messaffes are four times higher than they should or nec'd be. The Western
Union has doubled its stock with water, until the original money capital has become as
diluted as the high attenuations of the homeopathic school. Yet it pays an enormous
dividend on this water by levying a tax on every message sent over its wires. A tele-
graph costs comparative little, ft can be cheaply operated. It could carry messages
for a trifle. In three-quarters of the post-offices of the country no additional attend-
ant would be required. An immense impetus would be given to business by such a
reduction of postal rates. The tariff would be systematize and uniform. In the third
Slace, the telegraph should be incorporated into the postal service in order to break
own the despotism of monopolies^ and prevent such a costly and daroaffing interrup-
tion of business as our community is suffering from to-day. Soppose the post-offices
were controlled by a private corporation, with such men as Gould, and Sage, and
Eokert, and Green at its head ! The whole correspondence of the country would
be at the mercy of their greed. If they saw fit to reduce the wages of employ^ and
precipitate a strike, the entire business of the country would stop, and the people in
ten millions of homes would be isolated from their friends. The telegraph represents
the most vital part of the intellisence of the country. It carries the most important
communications. It is burdenea not only with news affecting trade.and prices, the
fortunes of bosiness men, but with messages of woe, and Joy, and grief, and death.
No private corporation should have the power to control such an agency for specula-
tive ends in a country in which the people are supreme and the Government is their
agent.
[Fnm the IndittoapolU Times.]
LXT THK QOVBRNlfENT BUILD.
It is said by some that the Government ought not to come in comnetition with pri-
vate citizens. A sufficient answer to that is that the Government nas the exclusive
right to carry the mails. The same argument was used when it was proposed to
carry small packages through the mails and to introduce the money-order system, yet the
Government did not see fit to buy out either the express companies or the banks. The
Government could build now lines cheaper than to buy the old ones, or cheaper than
individuals, for it would not be required to purchase the right of way, as it has the
right to use any post route, and all railroad lines are post routes. Tne Government
hM the money to build with, and it ought to have the controL Then the people and
business interests of the country would not be under the dictation of a monopoly.
[From the Saint Psol Pioneer Preee.]
THB PUBLIC AND THE TKLBGRAPH.
On the other hand, the objection which has always been most unanswerable is in a
ir way to disappear. The lion in the path has been the matter of patrona^. The
fear that the telegraphic service would be used to intrench a political party in power
has fought more powerfully against it than any other consideration. This argument
H
88 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
loees its force in the presence of a syBtem of civil service reform already in operation.
With the ri^d application of that to the service, and the repeal of thefonr years' ten-
ure, the political ohjection would have little forces and besides the nature of the oc-
cupation, requiring skill and previous training, would make it less liable to the abuses
of rewards and appointments for political reasons.
[From the Now York Herald, Aoiniet 8, 1S88.]
Philadelphia, August 4, 1883.
On the 3d of last March, Mr. Bingham, of Pennsylvania, from the Committee on
Post-Offlces aod Post-Roads, submitted a report on telegraph matters, intended to ac-
company a bill to establish a postal telegraph.
This report shows that the Government has at this time in operation, 5,670 miles of
lines owned by it, and under construction 129 miles more.
It shows further that the Union Pacific, the Central Pacific, and the Northern Pacific
— all land-grant railroads — ^have substantially violated an act of Conspess by leasing
their telegraph lines to the Western Union Telegraph Company, whid as land-grant
roads they have no right te do.
The report also gives a histery of the ways in which the Western Union Company
has built up the monopoly which is so iojurious te the public interest and develops
some facts not jg^enerally known. The following extracts from the report are of in-
terest at this tmie :
WHAT THK KBPORT 8BT8 FORTH.
In 1866, application was made te Congress te incorporate the " National Telemph
Company,'' with the intent of building and operating lines throngjhont the united
States, under one act of incorporation, and likewise te secure certein righte of way
across the public domain and along railroads and other roads declared by Congress
te be post routes, as well as across rivers and elsewhere within territory under the
jurisdiction of Congress.
Pending action n|K)n this bill it was amended so as te make it a gjeneral law, appli-
cable to all telegraph companies, and is the law referred to in this bill as having been
approved July IM. 1866, entitled ''An act te aid in tbe construction of telegraph lines
and te secure to the €k>vemment the use of the same for postal, militery, and other
purposes."
It was pleaded at that time that such interference on the part of the GoTemment
looking te the incorporation of such a telegraph company as was proposed was the
nucleus of transferio^ the telegraph business or the United States to the Government^
and the Western Union Teleffrapb Company claimed that, having expended many
millions of dollars in the development of their system, so that at tnat time it practi-
cally covered the whole of the United States, this law, even though made general In
ite application, should not be put inte oper9tion at once^ but that the Western Union
Telegraph Company should have an opportunity of realizing some benefit from their
large investment before extensive competition should be built up either by the aid of
Congress or by the United Stetes Government itself, and the Western Union Telegraph
Company consented to accept the provisions of the act above referred to if they were
allowed to have full control of their property without interference for five years from
the date of the approval of the above act.
THB WESTERN UNION MONOPOLY.
Such provision was made, and the inducement at that time to invest a large sum
of money in the development of a separate telegraph system, under the conflicting
laws of the several Stetes, was withdrawn by the failure of Congress te grant this act
of national incorporation. Since that time the Western Union Telegraph Companv
has practically monopolized the telegraph business of the country ; for, although
numerous opposition hues have been commenced, constructed, and operated up to a
certain point, so many difficulties were met and found almost impossuile to overcome
that sooner or later they were broken down and absorbed by the larger company.
This was particularly the case in the histerv of the Pacific and Atlantic Telegraph
Companv, which, up te 1873, had established a system of lines reaching from New
York to x^ew Orleans, Saint Louis and Chicago, and connecting with the Great West-
em Telegraph Company, which extended west, southwest, and northwest frx>m Chi-
cago; and also connecting, through the Franklin Telegraph Company, with the South-
em and Atlantic Telegraph Company, which extended from Washington City to New
Orleans.
STATEMENT OF GARDINEH G. HUBBARD. 89
The Pacific and Atlantic Telegraph Company having been absorbed by the Western
Union Telegrraph Company in 1873, the Soathem and Atlantic followed in 1875. The
Atlantic ana Pacific Telegraph Company was being developed in the mean time, and
up to 1877 bad extended its lines from New York to Omaha (where it connected with
the telegraph lines of the Union and Central Pacific Railroad Companies, which gave
it an outlet to the Pacific coast) and from New York to Saint Louis, New Orleans, and
intermediate points, connecting at New York with the Franklin Telegraph Company,
which had lines through the principal portions of New England, and likewise from
New York to Washington. Tnese companies were practicaQy absorbed by the West-
ern Union Telegraph Company in the summer of 1877, and finally extinguished by an
attempted consolidation in January, 1881.
PKIVILVGB TO BAILR0AD8.
In 1879 Congress, by an amendment to the army appropriation bill, approved June
23, 1879, authorized the various railroads of the country to do a general telegraph busi-
ness, under which provision the American Union Telegraph Company was developed.
This company had lines through New England, and fh>m New York to Omaha (where
it connected through the Pacific railroads with the Pacific coast), Kansas City. Saint
Louis, New Orleans, and intermediate points, and was likewise absorbed oy the
Western Union Telegraph Company, through an attempted consolidation, in January,
1881. The difiQculty which most of these telegraph companies met with in developing
a means for cheapening telegraphic communication throughout the country was, that
the Western Union Telegrapn Company constantly contested with them the rights in-
tended to be granted by Congress under the act approved July 24, 1866, granting the
righto of wa^ along the railroad post routes of the United States. There were nu-
merous conflicting decisions as the outgrowth of these litigations, although the United
States courts generally decided against them.
In the year 1874 the Western Union Telegpiph Company desired to buihl a telegraph
line across the State of Florida, to connect with the International Ocean Telegraph Cable
to Cuba, owned by the Western Union Telegraph Company. The right to build and oper-
ate telegraph lines in Florida was claimed oy a State organization, which company at-
tempted to prevent the Western Union Telegraph Company from constructing their
proposed line. This the Western Union Telegraph Company contested, and pleaded
their rights under the act approved July 24, 1866, which therotofore they had always
denied to other telegraph companies. The case finally reached the Supreme Court of
the United Stetes, and a decision was rendered by the Supreme Court in the October
term of 1878, which is set forth at length in the United States Supreme Court Reports,
volume 96, page 1, where the court t<x>k the broad ground that no State could legis-
late so as to prevent interstate commerce, which telegraphic communication was de-
cided to be.
A FORMIDABLE OBSTACLE.
Another great obstacle to the successful development of cheap telegraphy in this
country lay in the fact that in 1868 Congreas passed a bill, approved the 19th day of
Mareh, 1868, intended to confer an honorable recognition upon Charles G. Page for an
alleged invention known as his ** induction coil apparatus and circuit breaker," which
invention had been reoognized bv the Government of France as in one of her own citi-
zens. The '* Page patent," so called, was issued in such terms as to make it possible
to distort it fh>m its original intent under the act of Congress to a revival of the
claims under the Morse patent, which latter, after an extension by Congress, had finidly
expired in 1865.
In 1869 the Western Union Telegraph Company saw its opportunity to secure con-
trol of the ''Page patent," and had it reissuea October 11, 1871, so that in more spe-
cific terms it should revive the invention of Professor Morse, and under this claim the
Western Union Telegraph Company has undertaken since then to monopolize the tele-
graph business by deoliutition and claim of right, and by annoying litigation against
all telegraph companies and various railroad companies using the ordinary telegraph
instrument, in case they should combine to constitute a telegraph company in opposi-
tion to the Western Union Telegraph Company.
The most active contest was made by the Western Union Telegraph Company against
the American Union Telegraph Company, and the defense set up was so conclusive
that it was not pressed to^nal decree, but was one of the agencies used to bring about
the alleged consolidation of the Western Union Telegraph Company with the American
Union Telegraph Company in 1881, before referred to.
mew COMPANIES IKCOKPORATED.
As soon as this attempted consolidation had token place other organizations were
incorporated to occupy the field of opposition, especially the Mutual Union Telegraph
90 STATEMENT OF GABDINEB G UUBBAHD.
Company, which, during 1881 and 1882, had erected some forty thooaand miles of
wire, reaching varions points in New England and points north of the Ohio and Po-
tomac Bi vers, and east of the Mississippi. Also the American Bapid Telegraph Com-
panyand Postal Telegraph Company. No sooner had these comi>anies organized than
the Western Union Telegraph Company immediately entered salt, with claims of ab-
solute riffht to the " Paffe patent,'' and such litigations are now pending, although
not as vet pressed to triaL
The Mutual Union Telesraph Company having been subjected to litigations in the
interest of the Western Union Telegraph Companv, has finally succumbed, and on
Saturday, February 10, 1883, there was an alleged lease of the Mutual Union Tele-
graph Company by the Western Union Telegraph Company. The principad opposi-
tion company now remaining which promises any permanency is bein^^ developed by
the Baltimore and Ohio Bailroad Company* These various opposition companies
that have existed from 1866 to the present tune, while finally absorbed by the West-
ern Union Telegraph Company, have been the means of sreatlv reducing the cost of
telegraphic communication to the Gk>vemment, the people, ana the press. Notwith-
standing this the Western Union Telegraph Company have continueid to show enor-
mous gross and net earnings, so that, although they increas«*d their capital from
141,00^000 in 1880 to $80,000,000 in 1881. the profits of the business have enabled them,
according to their statements^ to pay 6 per cent, on the doubled capital and accu-
mulate a surplus. This is the stron^^est evidence that the rates can be very much re-
' duced to the people by the construction of lines for cash instead of througn construc-
\ tion companies, issuing large amounts of bonds and stock as bonuses.
A BARRIER TO PROGRESS.
«
The question of postal telegraphy has, during this interim, frx>m time to time been
actively discussed, and at various sessions of Congress bills have been introduced,
long investigations have been made by Congressional committees, all looking to the
cheapening of the cost of telegraphic communication by some measure of legislation.
Objection nas always been made by the Western Union Teleffraph Company to the
4 establishment of a postal telegraph system controlled by the United States Govern-
ment in connection with the post-office service of the conntrv, and sundry attempts
at the establishment of such postal system have been defeated by the interposition of
agencies and influences unknown to your committee. The later combinations which
have resulted in the maintaining and extending the monopolar of the Western Union
Telegraph Company have given renewed interest to the question of the policy to be
foUowea by Congress. The telegraph has now become a matter of absolute necessity
to the people of this country, and tne number of messages transmitted annually is in-
creasing in ratio with every year.
QUESTION FOR SERIOUS CONSIDERATION.
Whether such postal system shall be established or not, or whether the control of
the telegraph business of the country shall be left in private hands, subject to such
legislation as Congress ma^ deem advisable to secure reasonable competition without
danger of constant absorption on the part of the Western Union Telegraph Company,
is a ouestion to be seriously considered aside and apart from the fSact tnat the rates
coula be largely reduced and yet the telegraph system be a source of great revenue to
the Government of the United States.
It is believed that there is at the disposal of the Government or of any corporation
which shall receive the sympathy and recognition of the Government methods for
transmitting teleffraphic messages that would enable a reduction in cost from 85 to
50 per cent., whion, upon lines constructed on a cash basis, would still furnish Isjge
returns on the capital so invested, and yet greatly benefit the people of the oonnt^.
This reduction in the cost of telegraphic service, however, would raise the ouestion
as to whether a large reduction in such cost would not to some extent affect the reve-
nues of the Post-Offlce Department by inducing the bnsioees men of the country to
transact the larger portion of their business by telegraph rather than, as they now
do, by mail. These matters could only be inteliigently aiscussed after the inquiries
were instituted, as suggested by the proposed bul, creating a commission to report
upon the i ubject at the next session of Congress.
[From the Trenton State Ossette.!
The New York Herald has taken up postal telegraphy, and i^pnshing it with char-
acteristic energy. There is little doubt the country is about ripe for this progressive
step. Postal telegraphy must come.
StATEMENT OF GARDINER G HUBBARD. 91
[From the WMhington Star.]
DUTY OF THE QOyEBNMENT.
Talk of GoTemment telegraphic service in connection with the Poot-Offlce Depart-
ment is again becoming quite common, based upon the prolonged operators' strike,
and it is altogether likely that the proposition will gain considerable strength if the
present interruption continues much longer. It is more than probable, too, that if
its business is to be liable in fhture to further demoralization trom the same cause,
the managers of the telegraph interests will themselves seek a way out of their
troubles bv transferring their lines to Government ownership and control. They
would doubtless be glad to do so now if Government or any other customer would
take their property at the fictitious value they put upon it. This, however, ought
never to be permitted, so far, at least, as Government is concerned ; and it is not likely
that private customers could be found who would be willine to pay so much for so
little. Counting watered stock and all the capital of the Western Union Company
now stands at about $80,000,000. Of this sum, however, not more than $10,000,000,
if so much, was actui^ljr paid up in cash. The balance represents water, or issues of
shares for which no equivalent m money or anything of value was ever rendered, and
it is certain that a plant capable of peiformini; as good service as the country now
ex^oys at the hands of the monopoly can be furnish^ for the sum last named, when,
therefore, the time for negotiation between the Government and the company comes,
if it ever does come, that amount ou^ht to be adhered to as the maximum basis of
purchase. If more than that sum is insisted upon, the Government should ffo ahead
and build its own lines, leaving the present indated concern to take care of itselfl
[From the Pfttereoii Press.]
AN INDBPBin>KNT OOYXRNMKlTr LINK.
The idea of a "Government monopoly," however, is a hateful one to most people^
and few are found so bold as to advocate the purchase by the Government of all ex-
isting wire lines and the establishment of a monopoly under the control of the pub-
lic ; for of all absolute masters in matters of transportation or communication tnere
is no despot that the people would fear as much as itself. But the proposition that
finds favor with such influential Journals as the New York Herald and the Chicago)
Tribune does not look to a €k>vemment telegraph monopoly at idl. It does not look
to following the example^of the British Government^ wnich bought out the private
telegraph companies and paid much more for their wires and other property than they
were worth. Any suggestion that our Government should buy that blolated monstros-
ity, the Western Union, with its dropsical weight of water, would be met with a
storm of indignation from everybody except the monopolists themselves. The plan
favored by the New York Herald and the uhioago Tribune, and by Senators Edmonds,
Sherman, and Piatt looks to the building of an independent Gk>vemmeat Unei to be
operated as an adjunct to the mail service. The Hemd says :
''There is nothing impracticable about that; nor would such a Government line
drive out or take profitable business away A^m private lines. The Government line
would enable a person to telesraph a letter instead of sending it by railroad."
The Chicago Tribune rema»s that a Government telej[raph will not extinguish or
discourage private companies any more than the Post-Office Department undertaking
to carry merchandise parcels has extinguished or ii^ured the express companies.
[From the New York Erening Post]
"THE POOR man's >CAIL.''
While it might not be possible to obtain so cheap telegraph service as the people of
Great Britain e^joy, even if our Government should taxe control of the wires, it is
certain that the time predicted by Senator Piatt when the telegraph shall be not only
the rich man's mail, but the poor man's mail as well, would be brouicht closer to ns
by governmental control.
92 STATEMENT OF GARDINEH O. HUBBABD.
f From the Boston Globe. |
COMPBTITION AS AOAIK8T MONOPOLY.
There are many arguments in &yor of supplementing the mail service with a sys*
tern of postal-telegraph lines, while there are few valid objections to a system prop-
erly established. It is not necessary for the Government to purchase or assume con-
trol of existing lines. To anv snch plan as that there are oDjections enough, and it
should not be thonght of. Haviujg^ no dividends to pay on watered stock, the Gov-
ernment can compete with the private companies, and so compel them to come down
to a legitimate business basis. Competition will insure good service and prompt at-
tention to the public needs, and there will be no monopoly.
[From th« Biohmond SU^e.]
A BOLD SCHISMS OUTUNED.
It mav be that Jay Gould has forced this strike on his operators with the intention
of creating a demand among the business people of the country for a government
telegraph, when he will try to lobby the Western Union lines and property through
Conpp:ess for an enormous price^ say from |80,000,000 to $100,000,000 ; but in this we
are inclined to think he will fail, for the people will watch Congress with keen eyes.
[From the Beading Times.]
'IN THE SWEET BY AND BY."
This can best be done by the passage of an act of Congress establishing entirely new
Government telegraph lines over every mail route in the country, and that is every-
where. The building of these lines will afford employment to thousands of people,
and the purchase of poles, wires, and other fixtures will be advantageous to laige
numbers of farmers and mechanics. Our surplus revenues can in no way be better
expended. After the lines are completed, a five-cent stamp o^ght to take a message
of. say, twenty or thirty words to any part of the country. The stamped message or
teleffraph card can be dropped into any post-office in town or country, or little boxes
in the larffe cities, and the dispatch will be sent by the postal operators and answer
returned m the same way without further tronble. In this way all the business of
the country can be transacted without recourse to the slow process of letter writing
and letter-mail service. What is more, the postal telegraph will pay from the start
even at the low rates we have suggested, and yield after paying all working expenses
a fair interest on the investment. The Government can establish a plant letter than
the Western Union's at one-sixth or one-seventh of the Western Union's bloated capi-
tal of $80,000,000. There will be not a dollar of watered stock in the Government
enterprise, and the people will not have to pay a high dividend on a fictitious capital
as they are now doing. But by all means let the present lines be continued in private
hands. They will be a great accommodation as competing lines, and will brmg the
telegraph rates, whether by postal or private lines, down to the lowest figure.
{From the Mobile Register.]
SENSIBLE VIEW OF THE SITUATION.
So louff as the wires remain in the hands of a monopoly so long will the business of
the country be subjected to the interruptions and losses which we now experience.
Leaving out of view entirely the question of the Justice or ii^ustioe of the demands
of the Brotherhood, we look at the matter entirely from the selfish stand- point of the
business community. The people are compelled to pay rates yielding an enormous
percentage upon stock increased to a fictitious value.
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 93
[From the Ne'r York Stor.]
A NATURAL AI>JUNCT TO THE MAIL SERVICE.
It is easy to account for the hostility of the Tribane. World, and Sun to the postal-
telegraph enterprise ; their interests lie in the direction of maintaining^ the present
monopoly, to wnioh they are indebted for exceptional favors. Besides, Gould and
Yanderbilt have a rigid grip on some of them. The Herald, however, is stronja^
enough and rich enough to attach but comparatively slight importance to its Associ-
ated Press privileges ; hence it is found with the Chicago Tribune, the Cincinnati
Enquirer, tne Star, and other independent, outspoken journals, waging the people's
fight against an overg^wn monopoly. Only those papers that owe nothing to mo-
nopoly can afford to speak the truth and advocate even-handed Justice in a crisis such
as must now be met.
If a postal telegraph is an enterprise menacing to popular liberty, then we should
reconstruct the Post-Offloe and place it in the hands of Mr. Jay Gould and his associ-
ate capitalists.
We are surprised at the attitude of the World, which has ostensibly abjured Jay
Gould only to retain the form of a promonopoly advocate. Borrowing the specious
fallacies of the Sun, it contends that if the Government establishes a postal telegraph
it should also go into the business of buying up and operating railroads, taking
charge of all the schools in the country, Slo. To some persons this may seem plausi-
ble, but it will not bear scrutiny when we recollect that the postal telesraph is pro-
posed simply and entirely as the natural and fitting adjunct of the mail service. A
S reject to secure cheap, speedy, and popular telegraphy of this sort is no more un-
emocratic than a general peonv post-— to which complexion, in these days of en-
larged mail facilities, the post-office system must sooner, or later come.
One other fear oppresses the opponents of a postal telegraph. They apprehend
that political messages would no longer be safe, but would be tanipered with by the
minions of the party in power. It is not a weighty argument, in the first place,
cipher codes are accessible to everybody. In the next place, no service could hardly
be more untrustworthy than was that of the Western Union Company in 1876, when
the Republicans controlled its dispatches and the corporation permitted the secrets
of its patrons to be violated and bandied about. Now that we have begun to in-
augurate civil-service reform, a much more reliable service could be assured. A poet-
master or a letter-carrier may be appointed as a reward for partisan services, but no
such method could apply to expert telegraphers. Their positions could not be filled
firom among ward workers or partv hacks.
Desirable as it obviouslv is, still it will be no easy matter to obtain the establish-
ment of a postal telegraph. Any bill for that purpose will be strenuouslv antago-
nized in Congress by the agente of the existing monopoly. Money will not be spared
to defeat such a measure and postpone the inevitable. Consequently the people
should now begin to bring pressure to bear on their Representatives, and enlist them
for the overthrow of i^pnopoly.
[From the Boston Traveller.]
IT WOULD BK A PROTECTION TO THE PUBLIC.
The proposition that finds most favor, as we gather public sentiment, is that the
Government shall construct a telegraph system of its own, connecting all the chief
centers of busioess activity, and capable of amply protecting the public from a sud-
den cessation of telegraph service^ and run it as a branch of its present postal busi-
ness. This would leave the existing companies still in the field, out not its absolute
masters. The postal telegraph would be always thero to protect the public from ex-
tortionate rates, and at the same time to deprive the employ^ and the companies
alike of the temptation to carry their contentions to unreasonable lengths.
[From the New Hsven News.]
IT WOULD ESTABLISH A STANDARD OF COMPETITION.
The Gk>vemment, we believe, should be fully eouipped for the transmission of in-
telligence by telegraph or by mail, but from ueitiior occupation should it exclude
private enterprise. It should establish a standard of competition — a reasonable serr-
1
94 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
ice at a low price, bnt not so low as not to yield a moderate percentage of profit. It
woold thus render it impoesible for a stock watering company to subsist by robbiDjg
the public. Only companies doinar business at fair rates and declaring honest divi-
dends could enter into rivalry with it. Not having to purchase any right of way, the
cost to the Government of a newly constructed tefograph, touching every poet-office
in the countij, would not exceed |20,000,000, and some expert estunates have been
made which fix it as low as $10,000,000. Why should the people continue to pay a
profit of 6 to 8 per cent, on $80,000,000 of bogus capital ror an inefficient service,
when for 3 or 4 per cent, on $20,000,000 they would be served better f In five years
the whole cost of the Government system would be saved to f he people in tJ^e differ-
ence between 6 per cent, of $80,000,000 and 4 per cent, of $20,000,000.
[Fzom the Botton JoomsL J
The charges for telegraphic service could be lar^ly reduced and yet make the
system self-sustaining. The Western Union lines, it is estimated, could be duplicated
for $20,000,000 at least, but the company receives a revenue which enables it to pay
6 per cent, dividends on over $80,000,000 of stock. This being the case, it is fEkir to
assume that the usual rates could be reduced one-half and yet be sufficient to pay tbo
interest on the cost of a new system and pay the operating expenses. In this country
the general sentiment is not favorable to the interference of the Government in
strictly business matters ; consequently, if the telegraphic business could be manag[ed
wisely and efficiently by private ent'erprise and make the cost of telegraphic service
Just and reasonable, the general sentiment would favor a private rather than a Gov*
emment telegraph. If there comes to be a general demand for a postal t«legraph^ it
will be dne to the conviction of the people that under existing conditions in tnis
country it is impossible to secure fair service otherwise.
[From the Borne Bentfaiel.]
THB P08T-0FFICB WILL NOT MONOPOUZB THE BUSINESS.
All who have given the subject any attention know that telegraphing pays im-
mensely on the actual capital invested. The telegraphers, one would thmk, should
be the best paid workmen in any calling of e^nal importance. That they a>e noL
and perceive no tendency to betterment of their condition otherwise than by united
protest, they strike. Whereupon the Republican leaders array themselves by the
side of one of the most cheeky and foxy corporations in existenoe and take part against
the workman, who will do well to note the fact and govern himself accordingly. * * *
What is the carrying of packages weighing four pounds or less but direct competi-
tion with the express companies? It so nappens that both of these facilities or the
Department are a great public convenience, and as they can be done without loss, as
the revenues of the Department clearly prove, thcY will remain, and at lower rates,
too, from October next. It would be impracticable for the Post-Office to undertake
to handle all telegraphic business. It is neither asked nor desired that it do so. But
as it monopolizes the means of postal communication, it might very well add thereto
the latest improvements in the rapid interchange of messages such as are furnished
by the telegraph system.
[From the Washlnfton Post.]
ITS GREAT ADVANTAQES WILL BE WELCOMED.
Why say to a citizen " We will haul your message to San Franoisco by steam, and
we will not let anybbdy else haul it ; but if you can't wait fi>r our slow coach go ta
Mr. Gould and he will wire it there in a few minutes" f
These are the strong argnments on both sides, and they will be repeated in a thou-
sand shapes in the houses of Congress next winter.. To us it seems evident that there
is a strong tendency toward the consummation aimed at by the advocates of postal
telegraphy. When it comes its great advantages will be welcomed by all, bnt there
will be a deep-seated and well-grounded apprenension of bad results from a vast in*
crease of the number of office-holders.
STATEMENT OF GABDINER G. HUBBARD. 95
[From the Chicago Henld.]
A WONDER THAT IT HAS KOT BEEN DONE BEFORE.
Considering the yalae of each an adjunct to the Poet-Offioe in the mere matter of
regulating telegraph tariffs we wonder that it has not heen erected before this. Bat
don't let as think of a Government monopoly of telegraph seryioe, for that meana
baying ^nt the extremely thin stock- water of the present companies and transforming
Mr. Jay Gonld's Western Union stock into Government bonds. Not Just yet. Let
ns have a new deal and see how it will work.
[From the Sait Lake Tzfbiiiie.1
LET THE PEOPLE SUBSCRIBE FOR THE STOCK.
The remedy is the postal telegraph, and, if neoessarv to carry it out without taxlne
directly the Treasury of the United States, let postal savings banks be added, and
tiie people be permitted to make from 95 to $100 subscriptions to the stock. If the
Dcmooratio Conffress will this winter undertake and carry this through to success,
there is enough m it to elect a President next year on the success which will follow the
measure.
[Fkom the Wheeling Register.]
XT WOULD BENEFIT EVERT ONE.
It is certain that the time predicted by Senator Piatt, when the telegraph shall be
not only tiie rich man's mail, but the poor man's mail as well, woiud oe brought
closer to us by governmental controL
(From the Chicego Breniiig Jounuil.]
IT WOULD PREVENT FURTHER MONOPOLY.
0
The first step in the new movement is to determine that the telegraph busineee shall
cease to be a monopoly in this country, and then the details can easily be arranged
afterward. There is no obligation on the ]^art of Congress to buy out any of the ex*
isting telegraph companies. When a bill is passed providing for a postal telegraphic
system, it will then be time enough for the Postmaster-Gtoneral, or the officers in
cuMngo to entertain the proposals of those who might then have a certain amount of
depreciated telegraph stock to dispose of, together with a liberal amount of " water."
*'Water " has become mighty cheap in this country, and the feeling agiunst selfish
monopolies is rapidly increasing in the minds of the people. Let it be oirected against
the most perfect sjtecimen of a monopoly that has overgrown up in this country until
the people are exempt from its exactions, and then there will be hope of relief in
other directions firom similar evils.
[Fkem the New Haven Pellsditunl
ITS STOCK WILL NOT BE WATERED.
The talk about the Government monopolyof the telegraph is the supremest non-
sense. Nobody adu for such a monopoly, what is wanted is the kina of Qovem-
ment telegraph outlined by Senator Edmunds in his speech at the last session of Con-
gress— a telegraph supplemental to the postal system, with irires established at first
along the leiMing postal routes, and gradually extended until all the post-offices in
the country are connected, one with anoth^. For the convenience thus afforded the
96 STATEMENT OF GARDINEB G. HUBBABD.
pablio will pay what it coste, and the Gk>venimeDt, which does oot water its stock,
will charee do more than cost. Such a system woald not necessarily result in a mo-
uopolv. It would not drive the private telegraph companies out of existence any
more than the extension of the postal service a few years ago put an end to the express
business, as many at the time predicted it would. Holders of the Western Union's
sixty millions of watered stock might mourn over the shrinkage of their dividends,
but there would be no call for sympathv with them. The people would be benefited,
and the telegraph would no lonser be "the rich man's mau," but be at the service of
the humblest citizen in the lima.
[From the Troy Budget]
IT WOULD NOT LAROELT INCREASE THE P0BLIC 8ERV1CK.
As to the fears expressed with reference to a probable large increase in office-hold-
ers and office-seekers, there do not appear sufficient or reasonable grounds on which to
base them. In thousands of small post-offices the clerk would simply need to be s
telegraph operator. As to the revolution which it is apprehended might follow in
the changes ordered by an incoming administration, there could not possibly be more
than is constantly going on. A change of postmasters might produce a change in
clerks, and still not a like change in telegraph operators. For many years to come
skilled operators could not be replaced as readily as ordinary post-office clerks are
now. Again, if the civil-service rules are not wholly inoperative, they would tend
to prevent anv such wholesale changes as are dreaded.
As to the other branches of the argument urged against a monopoly by .the Qovem-
ment, this is to be said : When the Oovemment adaed to the postal department the
business of sending parcels, it did not crush out or buy up the express companies.
The latter were simply forced out of a monopoly and into a competition which re-
duced the rates to a more reasonable standard. When the money-order system was
devised it was not considered necessary for the Government to buy up all the banks.
The Western Union company is a huge telegraph monopoly. It has absorbed nearly
every competing telegraph company, and boasts of its success. Its actual stock of
130,000,000 has been << watered " to $80,000,000. It is calculated that $25,000,000 would
establish a postal telegraph. A message which now costs 25 cents could then be sent
for 10 cents or less.
f From the Springfield BepabUosn.]
ITS ESTABLISHMENT IS A CLEAR DUTY.
The first dutv and the clear duty of the continental Government of the United States
iB to regulate the telegraph business.
[From the IndianApolis Times.]
THE OOVEBNBfENT IS AT THE MERCY OF THE PRESENT MONOPOLY.
The business of the country has outgrown even the fast mail lines, and the demand
is for still more rapid transmission of the mails, and for this rapid transmission the
<M)untry is dependent upon a private oorpNoratdon, and the cost is so great that a laige
proportion of the people are cut off from its use. Again, the people depend upon the
press for its news, ana the press is absolutely at the mercy of the telegraph oompanv.
The company has its power to ruin any newspaper in this land at any time by simply
changing the rates lor dispatches. Papers have been so ruined. A paper cannot
live without obtaining and publishing uie news. It cannot obtain the news except
by the aid of the telegraph. The company oan^ when it sees fit, fix a tariff so high
that the paper cannot pay it, and thus shut it off from obtaining the only thing
which makes it valuable property.^ The Oovemment itself is at the mercy of the
4;elegraph company.
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 97
[From the Huiford Times. 1
THB INSOLENCE OF THE WE8TEBN UNION.
One of the insolent and dictatorial orders of the Western Union is that a private
house (a broker, for instance) who receives stock reports and pays for them shall not
sell them to any newspaper, nor permit any newspaper to copy them from the broker's
bnlletln, thongh the newspaper shall agree to purchase the regular reports of the
Western Union, or the Press Association, and nay for them at regular prices. The
object of the newspaper in purchasing of the broker would be to accommodate the
public with news of tne latest sale of stocks perhaps ten minutes earlier than it could
do so by purchasing the regular press reports. No one would be harmed should the
reports be taken m>m the broker's bulletin ; but the Western Union says : '* No ; if
you (the broker) permit the copy to be taken we will cut you off from the wire."
This is one instance of its insolence. There are other grievances, of which the press
all over the country complains ; and we look upon it as an enoouraging indication of
better times when the press speaks out upon this subject with so mncn freedom and
frankness as has marked its course the past two weeks. Let us have peace and fair
play. The New York Herald says :
" Everybody who has considered the question knows that the tele^aph is not yet
used to one-tenth the extent that it ought to be, and would be were it not that rates
have been kept unduly high by the Western Union stook-waterers in order to secure
dividends on their enormously inflated stock, and were it not, besides, for the poor
and irregular service, which discourages the use of the telegraph except when it is ab-
solutely required."
\ [From the Easton (Pa.) Free Press.]
A CHECK TO DISHONEST GREED.
A postal telegraph system, whereby the best telegraphic facilities will be given the
people at the very lowest cost is what is wanted. Let the Government pay for anew
plant, and let the established companies, which have swindled the public, take care
of themselves. There is no reason, except the dishonest greed of the Western Union
Telegraph Company, why the people should not have ample means of using the tele-
graph at one-third of what telegraphing now costs. This proposition for a Govern-
ment postal telegraph service is being advocated very generally by the press not sub-
ject to the dictation of big monopolists. The obiections against it that it will too
largely augment the power of the Government, and enable a successful partisan or-
ganization to wield too great an influence through official patronage, cannot be
urged with reason. No party will stay in power that ignores civil service reform,
which has begun to develop under a regularly constituted commission, and which
will hereafter prevent the use of federal patronage for partisan ends. The Forty-
eighth Congress will probably receive a loud call from the jieople to establish a postal
telegraph system, to be conducted as successfully and satisfactorily as the present
postal system.
[From the New York Star.]
The revenue of the Western Union in 1882 was $17,140,000.
pProm the Nashville American.]
A BILL TO COME BEFORE THE NEXT CONGRESS.
As to the apprehensions touching the civil service, the Baltimore American thinks
that the time required to become a skilled operator involves an apprenticeship, and
this enforces a permanence of tenure of office which mere political clerkships do not
naturally enjoy. It is claimed that the Government could build its own lines for less
than one-fourth of the inflated value of the Western Union, and it is announced that
a bill to carry out this plan will be iutrodnce<l in Congress at th^ coming session. It
is asserted by telesraphic experts that the Government could establish a postal tele-
graph svstem for $15,000)000, and without necessity of buying right of way, as it can
establish a line along every post-route.
S. Rep. 677, pt. 2 7
!1
I
i
93 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
[From the Kewbnryport Hendd.]
0ONORB8S EXPECTED TO SOLVE THE DOVICULTT.
Most likely CongresB will look upon it and boIto the difficnlt j by having its own
lines in competition and ready at all times to do the whole telegraphic bnainesi of
the ooontry with competent operators and at reasonable rates.
[From the Memphis AppeeL]
FUBTHEB XXTORTION MADE IMPOSSIBLE.
The dispatches would be delivered in the ordinary course of the letter-cairien^
roands, and would have for one of the results an extension of the postal delivery sys-
tem. For this the people would pay only what the cost was to the (Government;
there would be no watered stock to provide dividends for, and no extortionate, greedy
monopoly to support and submit to. Under this system a great and increasing maai
of business ana press correspondence, which requires a quicker than post deuveiy,
would go to private lines as at present. Upon those lines the postal telegraph, with
its moderate charges, would be a check, and further extortion would be^me impos-
sible.
pTrom the CoTingtoo Commonwealth.]
IT WOULD PUT A CHECK TO ABBOOANCE.
As a general rule we are opposed to either the goneral or local government taking
part in outside matters, but here is a bloated monopoly that has arrogantly arrayed
itself against the public, and which has attained such vast proportions as either to
buy out or swamp all opposition, for the only attempts that have been made with any
vigor have been ended with the inevitable ** amalgamation." Most of the Canadian
press is anxious to cut loose from the Western Union, which is described as a *' grind-
ing monopoly, which, for its own greed, cares not how much it may convulse the biui-
ness of the whole country, derange traffic, interrupt conmiunication, or put aUclaases
to ineonvenience."
[From the Rome Sentinel.]
THE PBE8BNT LINES WOULD STILL EXIST.
The Government telegraph, according to the idea which obtains among the m%joTity
of those who have considered the subject, should be an adjunct of the postal system.
With wires running into every office a message or letter from Chicago t-o Rome
would be received within a few hours, and put into the box of the person to whom
it was addressed. In the case of cities havihg carriers the telegrams would be deliv-
ered the same as ordinary letters. The charges could not help being very moderate
compared with the present cost of messages. The Gk>vemment has no watered stock,
and no business with any. The present lines would exist and be welcome to all the
business they could obtain. The Government would thus have no monopoly. Its
rates wotild regulate those of private lines, the competition would be the nealtliieBt
known, for it would be competition incapable of being bought off by any pretext, de-
vice, manner, or means whatever.
[From the BoAdo Expreea. ]
NO PAYMENT TO JAY GOULD FOR WATE&.
Undoubtedly there would be a strong popular feeling against buying the property
of the existing telegraph companies at anything like the value which their wires,
XK>les, dc^c, are supposed to represent in capital stock. The people would not be
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 99
willing to have the GoTemment pay Jay Goald, or anv other monopolist any very
large sum for water. There is a strong opinion that the telegraph autocrats have
taken ont of the public already, one way or another, much more than they ever put
into the business, and if the business should be ruined for them, and their vast blocks
of shares prove worthless on their hands, the public woold not care much.
[From the PotUville Mlnen* JonnisLJ
ALMOST SURE TO BB ADOPTED.
It is reasonably certain that a bill for the carrying out of this proleot will be in-
troduced in the next Congress. If the sentiment of tne country shall be found un-
mistakably favoring it, there will be an almost absolute certainty of its passage.
[From the Public, New York.]
BUSINESS HEN AND THE PEOPLE AT LARGE DEMAND IT.
Finally, we have the postal telegraph plan, which Senators Edmunds and Sherman
have already advocated very ably. Mr. Edmunds has announced that he will intro-
duce a bill to that end as soon as Congress assembles. The Herald has devoted much
space to the advocacy of the plan, and many influential journals are already com-
mitted to it. The essence of this plan is that Government shall establish lines at
first between the principal post-offices, and afterward to other points as fast as may
be consistent with a reasonable economy, until it shall eventoally be enabled to send
any letter to its destination by wire if the sender chooses to pay a moderate additional
charge. At a great number olf places the same persons could act as postmasters and
telegraphers ; extra expense for offices would not be required ; the right to establish
poet-routes would be invoked to secure rights of way at a very low cost, and thus,
without interfering with existing lines for telegraph or railroad purposes, the public
would obtain a separate telegrapnic system in no way connected with the jobs of the
stock market, and forever preventing a monopoly in telegraph service.
Constitutional objections to this plan are hardly to be considered, since lawyers so
sound and conservative as Senators Edmunds and Sherman have committed them-^
selves to it. Senator Piatt, of Connecticut, also a lawyer of high rank, advocated the"^
same measure very ably, but with the notion that, in order to establish a postal sys-
tem, the Government would purchase the lines of the existing companies. That plan
would meet, and ought to meet, a determined opposition. The great merit of Mr.
Edmunds' proposition is that it secures the country against a monopoly. We want
no monopoly in this business, whether in the bands of the Government or of a corpora-
tion. There is safety only in preserving permanently two competing systems, either
of which must depend for itsrevemies and its very existence upon rendering service
with promptness and fidelity.
The Government itself absolutely needs a telegraphic system for its own protection.
This will not seem the language of exaggeration when it is considered that the or-
dinary enforcement of laws, the capture of offenders, the success of fiscal operations,
the protection of the country against domestic insurrection or foreign invasion have
come to depend in these days upon the instant transmission of intelligence with cer-
tain and absolute secrecy. It may at any time come to pass that the private interests
of those controlling a telegraph system shall require the non-enforcement of the law,
the escape of a criminal, the prevention or delay of a financial operation, or the par-
tial success of a domestic outbreak or foreign inroad. It is nonsense to say that this
cannot happen. If Mr. Gould could suppress for a few hours or days news of an out-
break on the Pacific coast, or of the departure of a hostile iron-clad from Europe, he
could make millions by it. The Government has no certainty that he would throw
away millions. It has no certainty that its orders bearing on great financial cniera-
tions may not be betrayed and its aims thwarted. When the Government was nunt-
ing for star route offenders, how many would have been caught if its dispatches had
been secretly betrayed T An important witness happened to be a Government director
of the Union Pacific Railroad, and it has always been a mvsterious fact that the of-
ficers in search of him could never catch him. The administration has been blamed
for that ; who knows that the administration was at all in fault T On the other hand,
a monopoly in the hands of the Government would be equally dangerous to the peo-
ple. There is no need of arguing this point — Americans instinctively realize its force.
100 STATEMENT OF GARDINEB O. HUBBARD.
AmerioADS do not moan to give power to any one partv in gnch shape that the^ shall
never have an eqnal chance to take it hack if they choose. Therefore they will not
tolerate a Government monopoly of teleffraphic service.
More hroadly, the people in their poutical capacity ahsolntely need two complete
systems. This country needs two parties, in order to make the Government pnre and
healthy. But it will soon he seen that there cannot be two parties with a chance
of saccess for either, if there are not two competing telegraphic systems^ neither of
which can ever bny, absorb, or cmsh ont the other. The Government will have no
temptation to earn large dividends on watered stock, and the competition will at all
events keep down the charges for telegraphic service to a reasonable figore.
The main reason for a change is not economy, nor relief from the possibility of
strikes ; it is the public safety. A double system of telegraph lines, that can never
be consolidated, secretly bought up, conducted for stock-joDbing ends, or crushed oot
in competition, has become a national, public, and political necessity. We do uot
agree with Mr. Edmunds that the postal system should be constructed little by little.
Government can sell 3 per cent, bonds at par, and the revenues from the wires will
pay the interest as fast as the system can be extended. If there is need, there is Deed
now. If it is the right of the people in their capacity as a nation and as individuals
to have their choice of two servants, with respect to secrecy, certainty, and speed,
the sooner they have that choice the better.
[From the Chiosgo Tribune.]
THE PURCHASE OF BXISTIKa LINKS WILL NOT BB TOLBRATKD.
The discussion of the project for a national telegraph system is broadening every day,
and public sentiment promises to be well oiganized by the time Congress meets, if^
then, a man like Edmunds or Logan in the Senate, and Randall, Canisle, or Holman
in the House, shall take hold of the matter, it may be pushed forward to a reidixation
before the end of the next session.
There are some general principles unon which all the advocates of Government
telegraph are ready to agree. One is tnat the Government shall construct its own
lines. Another is that tnere shall be no attempt at a Government monopoly of the
telegraph business. A third is that telegraph facilities shall be added to tne existing
postal system, just as express facilities were added two or three years ago.
1. No business principle will indorse^ and the sentiment of the country will not tol-
erate, the purchase of telegraph lines now in operation at a price corresponding t-o
the aggregate of fictitious capital stock. The capital stock of the Western Union •
Company is $80,000,000. It has grown abnormally under the influence of irrigation.
Its assets are made up in large part of leases, payments made to extinguish competi-
tion and intangible manipulations.
2. There is not the slightest moral obligation upon the Government to buy out the
existing companies upon any terms. This is apparent enough from the fact that the
Government nas never inteifered, and nobody would ever think of suggesting an in-
terference, with the construction of competiuf^ telegraph lines with private capitaL
Such competition would be too clearly in the interest of the people to admit of Gov-
ernment discouragement, if experience had not demonstrated that in private hands
it is merely a species of black-mail. If the Government shall build an independent
system of telegraph, there will be a guarantee against black-mail, and protection for
tne public against combination.
3. It is better in every way that the Government should compete in the transmis-
sion of telegraphic correspondence than endeavor to monopolize it. If the men in
control of the Government shonld ever take advantage of its telegraphic facilities to
pay excessive salaries to its employes, and to that end charge the public exorbitant
rates, or if confidential communications on business, social, or political affairs were
betrayed by the Grovemmeut service, the }>eople would have the competing private
lines to fall back upon, and would prefer to pay the companies higher rates to make
sure of inviolability. In this way, competition would be a wholesome and permanent
restraint upon the Government and the men in control, as well as upon the private
companies.
4. While the Government's right to set up a competing telegraph service cannot be
denied, and while the Government could not justify the purchase of existing lines at
the fictitious price represented by their capital stock, it must be admitted that it woold
be conspicuously unfair for the Grovernment to establish its own system and then nse
its power to declare a monopoly of the telegraph busmess. There is no need, and
there would be no excuse, for such a course. All the people want is assured competi-
tion, which shall furnish the telegraph service at the lowest rate, and a guarantee
STATETMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 101
that electric correspondence shall not be cat off at any time by combinations of cai>-
ital or by combinations of labor.
The coarse for the Govemment to take in this matter has been completely ontlined
by the addition of the parcel or express business to the postal system. The machinery
and the work of the postal service were increased enormously by taking in this new
branch of service, but the result has proved that competition in the express business
could be furnished to the public through Government agency without involving the
Post-Office Department in loss, and without driving the express companies out of
business. Precisely the same thing may be done with the telegraph. There is a
popular demand for it which Congress should recognize at the very next session. Ko
party opposition can be organized against it in reason. In 1882 the expenses of the
postal service were something more than $40,000,000, and it was administered at a
little profit, which led to the redaction of letter postage to two cents. It will be a
small matter to add $5,000,000 a year of expense to the, present machinery — and this
is about the total amount of salaries and wages paid by the Western Union Companv
— and the receipts of the telegraph branch of the Department, at low rates, will still
make the Department self-sustaining. The undertaking is not nearly so formidable
when looked at closely as it appears to be at first sight. Private capitalists are not
dismayed at a proposition to span the continent witn telegraph wires; certainly the
Government, which can borrow money at 3 per cent., need not hesitate to assume an
investment of $20,000,000 for the benefit of the people, which is bound to be self-
sustaining.
[From the New York Star.]
C0N8ERVATIVK AND WORTHT OF CONSmBRATION.
It is a significant coincidence that both the World and the Son had editorials yes-
terday morning condemning a postal telegraph, and that both of them presented the
same stale objections to that measure, whicn have been answered time and acrain.
The style of the two editorials is unlike, but the spirit is the same, as though both
were inspired by one person. And as they both represent the interests of the West-
ern Union monopoly, contending that it is safer and wiser and better to put the whole
telegraph business into its hands, than to trust it to the American people, to be man-
aged as they manage the postal business, it needs no search with a lantern to dis-
cover the person who probably inspired them. But the difference between the two
editorials IS striking, as though the editor of -each paper undertook to venture some-
thing beyond his instructions, on his own authority.
The objections pressed by these organs of monopoly have no real force. For in-
stance, the World says it will be dangerous to put the telegraph into the control of
the Government, because this would ''establish a partisan telegraph monopoly," for
*' in the .United States, ever^ Federal officer is required to be a political adherent of
the party which gives him his position, and to aid it with his vote and his assessment
at every election/' Our esteemed contemporary has evidently forgotten that the last
Congress passed a bill, which the President signed, forbidding the assessment of any
Federal office-holder or employ^ for partisan purposes under heavy penalties; that Cou-
gress passed a civil service bill, whicn the President also signed, under which every Fed-
eral officer is not "reouired to be a political adherent of the party which gives him
his position." It would be well for tne World to learn the facts of the situation be-
fore it rushes into the whirlpool of controversy. Besides, if the Government control
of the telegraph service would be dangerous, because it would be partisan, the Gov-
ernment regulation of the telegraph service, which would be equally partisan, would
be dangerous i^so. The World proposes that the same partisan Government which
cannot DC trusted to control the telegraph service — ^that is trusted to control the pos-
t»l service, and does the work wonderfully well — shall pass laws forbidding the con-
solidation of parallel telegraph lines, and ''prohibiting the illegal issue of stock,
and making the watering process impossible." It insists that competition is the sole
remedy for all the abuses of the present system. Had the editor of that interest-
ing paper lived long in the Unitea States, he would know that competition has had
its way and day in the telegraph business, and has utterly broken down. The pres-
ent state of things has grown directly out of the very competition he clamors for as a
remedy to the present state of things. The result of the efforts made thus far to pre-
vent the consolidation of railroad lines and the watering of stock should convince
(^very reasonable man of the futility of trying to prevent the practical consolidation
of parallel telegraph lines. The tendency to monopoly in railroad and telegraph cor-
porations is ingrained and virtually irresistible. Besides, if the Federal Government
is HO demoralized bv its partisanship that it cannot be trusted to control the tele-
graph service as it does the postal service, how can it be trusted to settle all the in-
tricate questions respecting the rights and interests of rival telegraph corporationa
operating in thirty-eiglit States and half a dozen Territories?
1
102 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. UUBBARD.
.' We respectfully sabmit tbat the World shoald lose do time in conflultiDg Mr.
) Goald, the foantain-head of information on all questions which inTolve the interests
of the telegraph monopoly.
The Sun starts out with the assertion that a considerable number of the advocatea
of the postal telegraph ''seem lately to have become convinced that Gk>vemmeDt reg-
ulation, instead of Government ownership and direct control, will suffice to protect
the interests of the people.'^ It is unfortunat-e that our contemporary did not take
the trouble to mention at least one of the advocates of a postal telegraph service who
lk9s abandoned that idea as impracticable. We know of no such man. Almost every
mail brings some paper advocating a postal telegraph which had never taken tliat
ffTound before. Tne drift of public sentiment, as shown by the press of the country,
18 decidedly in favor of a postal telegraph, and the volume of that sentiment is in-
creasing. The Sun has drawn upon its wishes for its facts, and bases an argnment
on an assumption that cannot be supported.
The striking point in the Sun's article, however, is that it takes no stock whatever
in the World's project for Government regulation of the telegraph basiness. It con-
cedes that the measure ** is more conservative and worthy of consideration '' thso
that of a postal telegraph, but still there are so many difficulties in the way that it is
virtually impracticaole, and .can hardly be discussed until the advocates of the meas-
ure agree as to what they want the Government to do. We commend the discreet
and energetic scepticism of the editor of the Sun to the somewhat impulsive and al-
together too effluent editor of the World.
The Sun informs its readers that it has alreadv shown that the proposed postal tel-
egraph "is one of the most objectionable and dangerous political prolects of recent
times." This will be startling news to its readers and the lest of mankind. As that
paper has merely repeated in oracular and autocratic terms the forceless, faUacioos,
and stale objections raised by monopolists against the measure, it is hard to tell
which is the more remarkable — ^the coolness of its assumption, or the absurdity of its
claim.
[From the New Yotk Son.]
* UNWORTHY OF CONGRESSIONAL FAVOR.
Neither the plan to buy out the existing telegraph companies nor the proposal that
the Government shall build new lines and enter into competition with the Western
Union and other companies, deserves the least favor from Congress.
[From the Indianapolis Timea.]
IT WILL PRKYKNT PARALYSIS OF BUSINESS.
The business of the country has outgrown even the fast mail lines, and the demand
is for still more rapid transmission of the mails, and for this rapid transmission the
country is dependent upon a private corporation, and the cost is so great that a lam
proportion of the people are cut off from its use. Again, the people depend upon the
press for their news, and the press is absolutely at the mercy of the telegraph com-
Eany. The company has the power to ruin any newspaper in this land, at any time,
y simply changing the rates for dispatches. Fapers have been so ruined. A pap«T
cannot live without obtaining and publishing the news. It cannot obtain the news
except by the aid of the telegraph. The oompanj[ can, when it sees fit, fix a tariff so
I high that the paper cannot pay it, and thus shut it off from obtaining the only thing
which makes it valuable property. The Government itself is at the mercy of the
telegraph company.
The Signal Service of the Government has become a necessity in the preservation
of property and shipping upon the rivers, lakes, and seas, and for the preservatiou
of human Ufe, and its importance to the interests of commerce is incalculable ; yet in
1870 these interests were all jeopardized and the Signal Service brought to a suspen-
sion by the refusal of the telegraph company to accept the terms offered by the Gov-
ernment. The business of the commercial world has been thrown into oonfnsion
during the past three weeks by the strike of the operators. But there is stUl another
and greater danger. The telegraphic lines of this country are practically in the
hands of one man, and that man a gigantic speculator. He has in his power the only
means of instantaneous transmission of news, not only throughout this country, bnt
across the ocean. Having this power, he can at any time, tor his own speculative
purposes, suppress the transmission of news until the business of the whole country
could be paralyzed.
STATEMENT OF GARDINER O. HUBBARD. 103
[From the Davenport Gazette.]
ITS RESULTS WILL BE BENEFICIAL.
If, therefore, snch results attend the extension of postal operations and the increase
of their service to the people in all directions, what is to hinder attainment of simi-
larly beneficent results were telegraphy also included in the functions of the Post-
Offlce Department f
[From the Denver Newii. J
THE ONLY HOPE OF THE PEOPLE FROM EXACTION AMD DELAT.
In this scheme lies the only hope of relief which the people have from such occur-
rences as strikes and such exactions as excessive charges.
The Government has as much right to forwarded communications between the peo-
ple by wire as by mail. It is only a different form of the same service. It would be
a saving of millions every year to the business interests of the country if the Govern-
ment had a telegraphic service which would forward and deliver messages at cost, as
letters and periodicals are now forwarded and delivered.
It is quite certain that at the next session of Congress a determined effort will be
made to secure the establishment of a postal telegraph, and the probability is that it
will prove successful.
IFrom the Trenton Times.]
THE PROJECT IS FAVORABLY RBCSIYED.
The proposal to establish a postal telegraph system under the supervision and con-
trol of the Government is being widely discussed and favorably received. The New
York Herald deserves the credit of starting the movement. That newspaper, with its
accustomed zeal, is feeling the public pulse on the subject and influencing the publio
mind.
The second plan is a largely commendable one. The present telegraph service is
not satisfactory. Monopofy too largely controls it. This has been made painfully
evident during the past few weeks. The striking operators and the stubborn com-
panies have blocked publio trade and inconvenienced the people in a thousand wavs.
if the Government had lines of its own the strike Would have been short lived, if it
had occurred at all. The Western Union would not have dared permit a strike with
the Government in the field against it.
The postal tele^aph scheme is well worth consideration. The Herald deserves
credit for its activity in the matter.
[From the ITewbaryport Herald.]
»
IT WILL BE CONTROLLED BY THE PEOPLE.
The Western Union has pursued a policy which has made free competition impossi-
ble in the business, and the question is whether there shall be a central power of
which Jay Gould is the head, or one where the people can make a change at will.
Centralization is not to be stopped by any political party, but it is a question as to
whether it is to be of telegraphic and railroad and standfikrd oil monopolists, or of the
Government, controlled by the people.
[From the Florida T mea-Unioin.]
A SELF- SUSTAINING GUARANTEE AND 8AFEGUAKD.
The establishment by the Goveniment of a system of telegraph lines vonld be a
guarantee against such interruption as the business public has suffeied of late, and a
safeguard against a worse one which may come when the present manipulators of thd*
104 • STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. flUBBARD.
telegraph keys bave been iBveigled into tbe Telegrapben' Brotberhood and indaoed
to go "out." It conld be ran at ratee merely self-eastaining, and thns, wbile forcing
Ihe private oompaniee to adopt reasonable rates, it wonld not be a burden on tbe
Tieaaury. At terminal iMid important points the present system of letter deliver/
oould be utilized, thus guaranteeing prompt delivery of dispatehes. It would in
zei^ty, as one of our contemporaries has expressed it, be a system of electric letters
addea to our present system of letters by pen and pencil. Its adoption is sure to
oome.
[From the Gslveeton Kewt.]
THE KNTIBB BUSINESS WILL BE IMPROVED.
f
Private competition could hardly fail to promote accuracy and quickness of trant-
mission and delivery and a high degree of general efficiency in the Government branch
of telegraph service. Thus the two systems would act and react with checks and
stimulants for the iinprovement of each. There is a strictly analogous case to mp-
pnort the conclusion that private telegraphy and Government telegraphy may exist
side by side and each succeed after its fashion. The express companies were not driven
out of business when the Post-Offlce Department undertook a few yettrs ago to trans-
mit merchandise parcels at cheap rates. The private express business was really im-
proved and largely expanded, wnile its charges were moderated.
[From the New York Brening Poet]
THE ONLY REMEDY FOR EXI8TINO GRIEVANCES.
This last afEair has undoubtedly had the effect of greatly stimulating the demand
for Government competition. That this will come before long we have not the slight-
est doubt. A larger and larger number of people are beginning to see that Govern-
ment competition is the only one which will ever prove effective against the West^^m
Union, and the only remedy for whatever inconveniences arise from having the tele-
graphy of the country in the hands of one corporation. The Western Union has
round so little difficulty for many years in destroying competition by bnyins out com-
petitors that the creation of rival companies for the express purpose of being sold
out to it, after a period of fictitious activity and furious denunciation of monopolies,
has long been a favorite device of tricky financiers. In fact, the corporation is lar^ly
made up of these purchased champions of popular rights. What we need now is s
Government telegraph, in connection with the post-office, to compete with the com-
mercial corporations.
[From the Brooklyn Union.]
OOYERNMENT INTERVENTION A NE0ES8ITY..
The representatives of neither will be able to dodge the issue which the telegraph-
ers' strike has forced on the attention of the people — the necessity for Government
intervention in a sphere which public convenience and public protection alike make
it desirable that it should occupy. Competition has been tried and foond wanting.
iState legislation is impotent to prevent the use of public franchises for private ends,
and municipal ordinances, while available for ''striking'' purposes, are entirely use-
less as a protection to the public.
[From the Saonunento Beoord Union.]
IT WILL COUNTERACT EXISTING DANGERS.
That a system of postal telegraph lines is one of the early probabilities is the belief
of very many earnest friends of postal telegraphy in the United States. With the
news avenues— commercial and financial and journalistio— in its control, and the pri-
vate correspondence of the people open to its inspection, the private telegraph com-
STATEMENT OP GARDINER O. HUBBARD. 105
pany hoids the oommeroe of the country at its will and the people at its mercv. While
it may be said the trast in the past has not been violated, there is no posftiTe evi-
dence of that being tnie; bat we do know that the possibility exists of a private cor-
poration of news transmission using its power to punish enemies, reward friends, and
gain information of exceeding financial valae to it.
[From the Otlvetton Kewii.l
The New York World is unfortunate in arguments to combat the proposition of a
Government tel^rraph service as a safeguard equally against mischim of strikes and
monopolies. It nrst protested against the proposition on the gratuitous assumption
that it meant simply the transfer of the whole telegraph bosinees from chartered
monopoly to Government monopoly. The leading advocates of the proposition hav-
ing signified their desire to leave the telegraph neld open to private enterprise and
private competition, the World is still unsatisfied and insists that a Gk>vemment tele-
fraph service as an extension of the present postal system could offer no possible
enefits to offset in any degree its great and certain evils. • « • The World pro-
fesses to be a Democratic paper of a thoroughgoing sort, bat on this postal telegraph
Suestion it has more Republican than Democratic papers to keep it company. The
ew Orleans States is among a large and imposing number of Democratic papers which
are widely at variance with it. The States holds the exact reverse of the World's
opinion.
The World, however, has a remedy of its own to propose. ** The true remed^v for
abuses of monopoly in the telegraph as in every other business is in competition,"
say8 the World. And thus it develops its plan for applying the remedy :
*' In order to encourage competition we need laws prohibiting the consolidation of
parallel lines of telegraph or the increase of capital stock except under stringent re-
strictions. In Missouri a provision in the State constitution distinctly prohibits not
only the consolidation, but even the pooling of parallel railroads, and does not allow
parallel lines to be managed by the same directors. Other States by law prohibit the
coD»olidation of parallel railroads or telegraph lines."
The World must be very poorly informed or it would know that the constitutional
Srovisions or statutory laws in Missouri, Texas, and other States against the consoU-
ation of parallel and competing railroads have been practically ineffectnal. Cor-
porations and syndicates have found a way to overcome or circumvent all legal diffi-
culties, and to consolidate and pool to any extent desired by interested and contract-
ing parties.
[From the KaasM City Times.]
THE TBLBGRAPH MONOPOLY.
Two ways to avoid the evils of telegraph monopoly have been suggested. The first
is the ownership of the telegraph lines by the Government. The proposition to that
effect has more than a newspaper advocacy. It was gravely maintained in an official
report of the Post-Uffice Department, and has in its favor distinguished official au-
thority.
The late consolidation of telegraph lines and practical monopoly of the telegraph
business by one company has given new vitality to the quosiion, and another plan
has been proposed — to wit, national legislation prohibiting the consolidation of paral-
lel and competing telegraph lines. The statute of Missouri, applying the principle to
railroads, has been quoted in favor of the plan, and its zealous advocacy urged, as if
the Missouri idea had worked like a charm.
Our complimentary contemporaries of the East are unfortunate in their illustra-
tions, however. Missouri has the statute, but it is of no practical utility. It has
been set at naught by the railway companies of the State. Since its enactment whole-
sale consolidations of parallel and competing lines of railroad have been effected with
impunity. In one instance a line competing with the Missouri Pacific, built with
township subscriptions for the express purpose of com}>etition, was bought by Jay
Gould, consolidated and then destroyed. In another instance two great lines travers-
ing the State from east to west were seized by the same hand and placed under the
same management. The practice has become so common in Missouri as scarcely to
create public concern or to elicit newspaper disapprobation. Why this rungular
apathy r inquire the advocates of statutory inhibition. The answer to the question
introduces us to the infirmities of the plan proposed.
106 STATEMENT OP GA2DINEB G. HUBBARD.
The law it) not executed. The officers charged with its execntion^lace themselTes
under obligation to the railroad companies oy accepting their favors and have no
heart for the work. They are often weak men, and shrink from confronting in the
courts the able attorneys of the railroad companies. They are generally pobticiaos,
and fear to antagonize the unified power concentrated in the management of great
corporations.
The press also is too often placated with the *^ courtesies ^ extended, or discouraged
by the futility of its protests, and the entire body politic is paralyzed in the preeenoe
of the power that represents $300,000,000 in the State and multiplied millions in other
States. Would the seneral movement be subject to the influences that nullify the
laws of the States f Would the Congress enact and the national antborities execute
the prohibitory law more faithfully than the States? Will the national officials that
} accept the favors, covet the comforts, and fear the power of the corporations, be any
more eager to exact the penalties of the laws t.han the officials of the States t We
most respeotftdly solicit the opinion of the Eastern press on the questions propounded.
[From the San Fnuioiieo Poet]
A GUARANTEE OF 8ECRSCT.
There are patenjks within reach of the Government of the United States which
the Western union does not control that would reduce the cost of telegraphy to s
point which would in great measure supersede the expensive postal system for all
purposes, and entirely so for commercial uses. For example, it is possible to transmit
a/ac-mmi/e message almost any distance for a few cents and mate a profit, a trans-
cript of which over the Western Union wires would cost as many dollars. Further-
more, there would be a guarantee of secrecy under a postal telegraph system, which
is onlv measurablv true at present. For these and other reasons that might be ad-
duced, a postal-telegraph system should be established, and if the telegraph opera-
tors' strike does nothing more than compel Congressional action in this direction it
will not have been in vain.
pnrom the Memphis AppeaL]
TBLSaRAFB BBFORM.
j The Question of a telegraph service in connection with the poet-office is widely dis-
i cussed by the public press, and the outcome of the discussion appears to be as follows:
The Government not to buy the present private lines, but must construct its own.
! It has the same right to build and operate as corporations have. The Government
lines should not be a monopoly ; competition would check abuses on the part of the
Government and of the corporations. The Western Union is a monopoly injurious to
the public interest and to commerce. The telegraph lines can be largely extended
! with advantage, and quick postal communication is wanted to take the place of slow
I mails. The telegraph should be the poor man's mail as well as the rich one's. The
I postage authorities agree that there would be no important difficulty about adding a
i telegraph service, the letter-carriers delivering the telegrams. The cost will not be
) great and the service will pay its own expenses, while rates will be lower. The neces-
sary service will be appointed, not by the politicians, but under the civil-service rules.
[ The opinion is general that at its next session Congress must take some step towaid
checking telegraphic monopoly and for the protection and furtherance of genenl
! quick communication among the people.
[From the Booheater Union and AdverttBor.]
THE HEAD OF THE MONOPOLY.
The same Jay Gould who acknowledged under oath, in 187B, before a legislative
investigation committee, that he contributed money to control legislation in favor of
the Erie Railroad in four States, the aggregate amount used for that purpose being
proven to exceed $1,000,000, is still nnwuipt of justice and free to ply his vocation as
the head and front of the Western Union monopoly.
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 107
[From the Chicago Herald.]
HKAVT BLOW TO THE WESTERN UNION.
Mr. Maokay'g interest in the postal telegrapli means that he will take an active part
in conducting the affairs of the company. He always does that. He will prove the
wheel horse in details ; the qniet^ conservative night and day worker that he nsed to
be when he was sinking shafts, driving drifts, opening levels, and turning out bul-
lion at the rate of |3, 000, 000 a month. If he makes up his mind that the Western
Union lines are to be paralleled they will be, for he can swing $10,000,000 of his own
to accomplish it. We look upon the securing of Mr. Mackay's wealth and influonee
in this enterprise as the heaviest blow the Western Union has yet had.
[From the Austin (Texaa) Statennan.]
* WHOLESOME COMPETITION A NECESSITY.
The Western Union Telegraph Company has unconsciously done more to develop
sentiment in behalf of a Government telegraph system than all other agencies com-
bined. One thing is settled in the public mind, and that is that there mi^ be whole-
some telegraphic competition of some sort.
[From the Waahington Sunday Herald.]
A TEST OF PRACTICAL STATESMANSHIP.
There is no need to spend space in discussing the qneetion. This is Just one of those
tests of wise and practical statesmanship that constantlv arise and demand to be dealt
with. A country that leaves its most vital means of interoommunication, the verv
nerve of thought, in the grasp of a Jay Gk>nld deserves to have a strike every week
that will paralyze correspondence, railway traffic, governmental operations and
everything else, until it learns sense in the school of exnerience. The next Congress
will find no more popular work laid ready to its hands than the blending of our pres-
ent grand postal system and its proposed electrical extension into one harmonioua
wh(ue.
[From the New Haven Kewe.]
NO PURCHASE OF BXISTING LINKS.
No proposition to buy the existing lines of the Western Union will be tolerated by
the people. They do not desire to substitute a new monopoly for the old one. They
want only to insure a permanent competition which will place them above the mercy
of a robber corporation, but at the same time will not restrict them to the exclusive
use of the Qovemment accommodations. The telegraph monopoly is doomed.
[From the Boeton Glohe.]
THE POSTAL TELEGRAPH MUST COME.
The talk aboat a postal telegraph continues fast and furious. And, strange to say, the
sentiment of the different sections of the country, as represented by the press, is quite
unanimous, not only on the main question of the desirability of Grovemment teleg-
raphy, but also on the kindred questions of methods and means. There are a few ob-
jectors here and there, but it is seldom that the press of the country has been so nearly
united upon any question of public importance as it is upon this.
The main features of a Grovemment system, as they are almost unanimously advo-
cated by the press of the country, are that the GU>vernment shall not buy the Western
Union lines, but shall construct lines of its own ; that ft shall not have a monopoly of
the business, but shall simply be a competitor, and by its low rates compel the lines
of private companies to reduce their pnces, and that the system shall be made sup-
plementary to the present postal facilities.
; t
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108 STATEMENT OF OARDINEB O. HUBBARD.
[Trom th6 IbidlaiupoUs Ttmes.]
AK UNBOLT AIJLIANCt.
The postal teleffrapli idea is fast seizins hold npon the people. Bnt few pajpexs oppose
it, and they are almost exclusively confined to those who are connected with the As-
sociated Press, the twin sister of the Western Union. In fact, the two have heenliy-
ins in unholy wedlock for years, and it is not sorprising to hear the one defend the
other. The people would be better served by having an independent Government
line. The operation of a private companv would make the Government more carefilL
while the Government being in the field would prevent extortionate rates. The op-
position between the Government and the express companies in the transportation
of small paokaffes has worked for the good of the people. So it woold be in the mat-
ter of telegrapny.
[From the Txoy Telegram.]
GOYKRNMENT SHOULD CONTROL THE TELEGRAPH.
If the telegraph is a valuable adjunct to the postal system let it be a part of it and
under Government control, and for the benefit of the people.
[Ftom the Albany Bzpreaa.]
DANGER OF THE MONOPOLY.
The fact is that the public are now at the mercy of a monopoly, and that there is
virtually no private competition in telegraphy because the Western Union has been
able to maintain an excessive rate of charges by its repeated consolidations with com-
peting Unes. This policy has made Jay wnld the absolute controller of a very large
proportion of the correspondence of both the Government and of the people. It is
easy to conceive of situations in which the interests of such a capitalist and speculator
might induce him to take advantage of exclusive knowledge, obtained by virtue of
his ownership of the telegraph, in regard to fiscal operations of the Government, or
other wants affecting the value of stocks. In short, the establishment of a postal
telegraph by the Government would probably act as a safeguard against'unreasonable
charges by a corporation of monopolists in the same way that the canals of this State
operate to lessen the charges of the railroads for transporting freight.
[From the Philadelphi* Press.]
ENCOURAGING INDICATIONS.
Mr. Mackay is supposed to be exceedingly rich, and his buying into the postal tele-
*aph concern has boomed its shares and depressed those of its mighty rivaL If the
evada mines had ceased to pay on account of Mr. Mackay's investment in them there
would be some ground for viewing his association as damaging to an enterprise, bat
it is hardlv fair to hold him responsible for the exhaustion of the pay rock in the
Oomstock lode. If he still has a considerable portion of the magnincent dividends
his mines yielded him in their palmy days, and is willingnow to invest what is neces-
eary of them to build up a strong rival to the Western Union, there is abundant rea-
son why the shares of toat overgrown monopoly should take a tumble.
gra
Nei
[From the Proyidenoe Preea.]
ANYTHING TO BEAT MONOPOLY.
If John W. Mackay and Senator Fair, of Nevada, should decide to give the new-
postal telcCTaph company aU the financial backing it needs, it will probably extend
its wires ail over the country, and place itself entirely above all influences of the
Western Union Company. Almost anything to break down the present monopoly
would be welcomed by the majority of people.
I
STATEMENT OF GABDINEB Q. HUBBARD. 109
[From the Chicago Press.]
SHOULD BB WIPED OUT.
The Western Union Telegraph Company has made competition impossible. It is
snoh a gigantic and far-reaching monopoly that it has absolnte control over the tele-
graph business of this whole country. Hence its ability to impose upon the people,
and oppress its employ^. The Grovemmeot alone can wipe it out, and this it should
do, in the face of recent developments, without the slishtest compunction of con-
science and in the quickest time possible. A postal telegraph is what the people
want, as an adjunct to the Post-Office Department, to be conducted under a similar
I system.
[From the PhOadelphia Tfanee. j
WHAT THE FKOPLB WOULD QAUSf,
•
Many of the most widely read and influential public Journals have, for the first
time, arrayed themselves on the side of Government telegraphy, and the issue prom-
ises to be a vital one in the next Conspress. If the Western Union can pay dividends
on nearly 1100,000,000 by sending 35,000,000 dispatches in a year, wnat could the
(Government do with a system costing probably one- tenth of the Western Union capital,
with no buildings, dividends, or oflSces to supply f And what would the people gain
by the reduction of telegraphy to its legitimate cost, as has been done with the mails T
[From the Sen Frandeoo Bxsminer.]
ADVANTAGES OF COMPETITION WANTED.
The Government is restrained bjr no moral obligation not to compete with a private
company. A business enterprise is as open to the Government as to an individual.
But m this instance the postal telegraph would be instituted by the Government at
the suggestion of the people, and lor their use, on the same principle precisely that
mail facilities exist. The public system would operate as a check in the way of ex-
cessive charjB^es in the private enterprise, and as competition would necessarily spring
up the public would get the benefit of it. The Examiner is by no means in favor of
a monopoly of the telegraph system by the Government. We believe that such a
condition of affairs would lead to a multitude of evils, not the least of which would
be a centralization of power which is too great alreaov. The purpose in view is to
supply the people with cheap and rebable telegraph lacilities. A public monopoly
would be as fatal to this purpose as a private monopoly. What is wanted is the com-
peting ad vantagea which will result from permanent independent telegraphic facili-
ties.
[From the Atlenta C<motitatioii.l
IMPOBTANCE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM.
The Bun says the Government might as well be expected to engage in the express
business as to establish a postal telegraph. The illustration is not an apt one. If the
postal service of the country were as perfect as private enterprise has made the ex-
press companies the Government would do a largo and growing share of express bus-
iness through the mails. Even as matters stand hundreds and thousands of valuable
packages are carried through the mails, for while the service is not ]>erfect it is rea-
sonably sure. Not a day passes that the Government does not compete with the ex-
press companies. The truth is a Government postal telegraph would not only in-
crease the efficiency of the postal service, but would effectually dispose of one of the
most dangerous monopolies the country has ever seen. But if there are any real
arguments against a Government postal telegraph, we should like to see them. If it
is really a movement in the direction of centralization, we should like to have it ex-
plained.
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110 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBAm).
[From the New Bedford Heronry.]
A CHANCE FOR DEMOCRATIC LBAPSRS.
If the Democratic leaden in Congress desire to make their party popular they have
one of the best opportonities that ever fell to their lot. The party's best move now
will be to take up the idea of a Government postal telegraph and to carry it straight
through Conness at the very first opportunity. The people are all ready for it.
They would fook upon any reasonable measure to accomplish this end with approval
The party which succeeds in putting the idea into actual practice cannot fail to help
itself thereby.
[From the Brie Dispatoh.]
JUST WHAT IS WANTED.
A way out of the present telegraphic difficulty would seem to be the eetablishment
of a postal telegraph svstem in connection with the mail service over which impor-
tant mail matter could be transmitted and at a uniformly low tariff. By the duplex and
quadruples systems — ^making one wire do in the place of two or four, according to
tne kind of instrument used — a moderate number of lines would be sufficient to meet
all probable requirements. With the lever of competition, Government would be
able to prevent extortionate rates, compel efficient service, and ;provide against the
business of the country being left at the mercy of a monopoly or its dissatisfied oper-
ators. At the same time it would not shut out private enterprise or private capital.
[From the Mobile Register.]
SAFEGUARD AGAINST MONOPOLIES.
There is less danger from the telegraph in the hands of the (Sovemment than iu
private hands. The Government would have no object in misusing it. If they should
attempt to turn its power to private and partisan ends the remedy would be ¥rith
the people. But wnen Gould and Yanderbilt use this great power to advance the
riches of themselves and friends or to destroy the power of a rival the people hsTs
no remedy against such tyranny. In the midst of the cotton season a single tick of
this private company, instigated by the money kings of New York, might sweep away
in an hour the hard-earned means of business men <dl over the South.
[From the N^w Haren PtLUdiam.]
A HIGHLY POPULAR MOVEIOBNT.
The movement in support of a Government telegraph as a supplement to the postal
system has already assumed proportions which practically assures its success, pro-
vided its friends relax none of^their efforts in its behalf. Many of the leading newspa-
pers of the country have come out in open advocacy of the project, while others are
evidently only waiting until they can assure themselves positively of the popular de-
sire concerning the matter to go with the tide. One of the most noteworthv of re-
cent additions to the ranks of the newspaper advocates of postal telegraphy is Har-
per's Weekly, which discusses the subject in a thoughtful way in its current issue.
[From HftTper's Weekly.]
ONLY A QUESTION d^ EXPEDIENCY.
The Government conducts the post-ofiSce, which is simply ''business,'' and a tele-
graph supplement to the post-office is only a question of expediency. Such inter-
ruptions as those arising from the strike produce not only incalculable inconveni-
ence, but loss, and it is only for the people to decide whether they shall be tolerated.
STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD 111
They will be always possible and imminent under the existing conditions of vast
connter-organizations of labor and capital. They will become more probable as in-
telligent labor becomes more selfishly grasping. Bat the primary source of the situ-
ation is monopoly. To destroy the monopoly is of course to relieve the situation.
The sneer that it is not the business, of a Gk>vernment to go into business is only silly,
because the Government has gone into business. In the post-office it has often de-
liberately gone into a losing business, because the convenience and prosperity of the
people are more important than the cost of the service to the Treasury. A general
strike of the telegraphs and railways would in a very short time cost the Government
and countrv very much more than the construction of a telegraph. The operation of
such a work should of course be placed beyond the interference of trading politicians.
But it ia clear that the expediency of postal telegraphy has become a pressing and im-
portant question.
[Kew'^aven PaUaditim.]
THB ONLY SBCURnr VOR COMFBTTTION.
National legislation forbidding the consolidation of parallel lines of telegraph and
th^ watering of capital stock is suggested by those who oppose a Government telegraph.
The ineffectiveness of legislation to prevent the consolidation of competing railroads
has too often been illustrated to leave any ground for expecting lasting relief ^m this
source. As in the past so in the future will corporations and syndicates find a way
to circumvent the law. The only hope is in a competition that can neither be bought
off nor consolidated out of existence. The Government can iJone insure such com-
petition by constructing a postal telegraph, or^ in other words, by supplementing its
present postal system with facilities for electric communication.
[Lockport UDion.j
COmnDENCE IK CONOBESSBfEN.
The relation of our legislators and Representatives in Congress to oorfiorate influ-
ence will henceforth be closely scrutinized, and no lawmaker who indorses a policy
that favors the extortion of dividends from the people upon the fiction of watered
stocks can hope for their confidence and approval.
[Waterbary American.]
THE PLANT WILL BE CHEAP.
It is comforting to bear in mind that competent witnesses agree that the Govern-
ment can duplicate the telem^ph plant of the country for about |35,000^000j that a
great many influential public men are in favor of the Government going into the
telegraj^ business, and that the number is increasing every day under the education
which Western Union is unwittingly giving.
[Detroit Free Press.]
THE MONOPOLY WILL FIGHT.
What the company would probably do if there were any real danger of a Govern-
ment telegraph would be to combat the movement in Congress. And if we can judge
anything by the success which wealthy monopolies have had in the past in securing
or defeating legislation desired or objected to the company would succeed.
J
112 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
[BoohMter HenCd.]
KO ABGUMKNT AGAINST IT.
The Morning Herald has alwavs said that there conid be no legitimate and eifect-
ive arffoment against a postal telegraph that 'was not equally eBective against the
I post-omce system of the country. • • • The business of the American Govern-
ment is exceptionally well manaeed, notwithstanding the everlasting carping of po-
litical soreheads and the hobby nders who perpetuaUy affect and express a fear of cen-
tralization. The tide is moving strongly in favor of a postal telesraph system, and
after it has once been tried all of the chronic grumblers will not oi^ be satisfied, bat
will wonder why it was not long before adopted.
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ITWI^ BE BENEflCIAI^
The recent interruption of public business in consequence of the telegrapher's strike
has awakened renewed interest, but the azoic men are abroad suggesting all kinds of
difficulties and obstructive barriers to a successful development of the scheme in this
coontnr ; but all these uely mountains have been crossed in other lands where tiie
love of law, equity, and justice is as strong as here. Within a few days past, while
the obstructionists were busy trying to persuade the people that England had a big
elephant on hand, she has been reducing telegraph rates to a minimum. It is no ex-
periment. The scheme has been thoroughly tried and proved a success. If a posUl
telegraph is a big thin^ in England, is found to save tmie and expense where rail-
roads can carry the mail from one border to another in a few hoars, how much more
beneficial in a country so vast as ours, where the best locomotive in the world could
not pass from one extreme to the other in less time than a week.
[San FnnoiMO PostJ
DESTUnSD TO BE A RIVAL.
A dispatch from New York states that John W. Mackay has become a large stock-
holder m the Postal Telegraph Company and been elected president of the company.
The Postal Telegraph Company is so named because it is its intention to do business
after post-offiee methods — ^that is, it will issue stamps of certain denominations to be
affixed to dispatches. It is a strong concern and iwssosses a system which enables it
to transmit messages much more rapidly and cheaply than can be done by the meth-
ods used by the omer telegraph companies. It owns the patent for the compound
wire, the Grajr multiplex and theXe^go automatic. It can send as many as nine mes-
sages at one time each way over a single wire. The compound wire possesses many
advantages over ordinary wire, and by the automatic /ac-mmi2e messages can be trans-
mitted. It is destined in time to be a great rival to the Western Union, and its stock
is in such shape that it cannot be sold out to that or any other company.
[Adrian (Mich.) Times.]
EXPECTED BT THE COUNTRT.
A trade assembly in Chicago a few nights ago passed this resolution :
Besolvedf That we demand of the American Congress the establishment of a postal
telegraph system on a self-supporting basis, that the business men may toimsact their
business through a rapid system of communication at an expense founaed on the act-
ual cost of conducting the system, and not be subject to delay by strikes or be dis-
criminated against by unscrupulous capitatists.
The fact is, the postal-telegraph system is «oon to come, and the political parties
will not long wait to commit themselves in favor of a measure so £Mt becoiiiing popu-
lar with the people.
STATEMENT OF GABDINEB G. HUBBABD. }13
(New OrloMis Times-Demoorat.]
THE PROJECT GROWING STRONGER.
The agitation in favor of a postal t-eles^aph is evidently graining rather than losing
strength. There seems to he a general feehug throughout Uie country that something
must be done to provide a honafide opposition to the Western Union company.
[New York Star.]
LEGISLATURES ASK FOR IT.
There is a great deal of significance in the action of the New Hampshire State leg-
islature, which has just passed a joint resolution advocating the establishment of a
postal telegraph. Since the recent telegraph strike began the ablest and most influ-
ential newspapers in the country have indorsed the position long ago taken by the Star
on this subject. They indicate the unmistakable drift of public opinion. Other State
legislatures will in turn cast their weight into the scale with New Hampshire, and
there is no reason to doubt that Congress will before long approve the project and vote
the necessary funds to inaugurate it.
[DftTenport (Iowa) Gaiette.]
OPPOSITION PUBRILB.
It has taken a long and weary time to even start the discussion of a postal telegraph
system in this country, but now that it is started the fact that the troubles of the re-
cent telegraph companies are now over will not quiet it nor diminish the favor in
which it IS held bv a large and respectable portion of the public. The discussion has
been the means or closelv drawing the line between that portion of the public press
which is on the side of the people and that which is on the side of the monopolists.
The arguments which have been adduced against a postal telegraph have with one
or two exceptions been of an exceedingly puerile nature, and unworthy of serious ref-
utation.
[Pittsburg Dispatch.]
A MATTER OF NATIONAL POUOT.
The Government postal telegraph idea is clearly one that will not down. The mat-
ter has been brought so distinctly to the people through the medium of the telegraph
strike that the question of policy becomes one of the important topics of the time,
and its consideration in Congress, which seems almost certain to take place at the com-
ing session, will be listened for eagerly by an interested people. It will not be sur-
prising if the discussions of the coming Congress upon this point occupy many days
of the session, and it is certain that the combination of capital monopolizing most of
the telegraph facilities of the country will make a bitter fight. There are two strong
sides to the question of establishing a Government line of telegraph wires. There is
no doubt as to which is the popular side. The public will recognize the utter impos-
sibility of conducting a service of such character as that of the United States mail
by private capital, and who are aware of the firmness and soUdity of the national
banking system, are fully prepared to believe that the Government can successfully
conduct a telegraph department and relieve the country fh>m such dangers to business
as have lately prevailed and threatened.
[Riohmond X>ispatoh.]
COMMERCE DEMANDS IT.
The chamber of commerce of Bichmond will soon, we suppose, pass npon the ques-
tion recently submitted to it by the chamber of oommeroeof New York City — namely,
whether the former chamber of commerce agrees with the latter in favoring a national
8. Rep. 577, pt. 2 8
I
114 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
telegraph system to be owned and under the control of the Greneral GoYemment. Sine
we hold that the adoption of a national system of telegraphs, to be owned and con-
\ I '}|fi| trolled by the Government, is nnavoidable, and therefore cannot be prevented by di^
, ^ cnssion, it is not necessary from onr point of view to disc ass the subject exhaust ivelj.
[ ' 'Jki We appreciate its dangers, foresee its benefits, and are prepared to accept the latter
r i I and to try to avert the former.
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[Galveston News.]
' THE RATE TO BE UNIFORM.
John W. Maokay has been made trustee of a majority of the stock of the Postal Tel-
egraph Company. He intends to have a uniform rate of one cent per word to all
points reached, and to sell stamps for various amounts, which can be afiixed to any
message.
[Brooklyn Union.]
THE RESULT WOULD BE SATISFACTORY.
The proposition that Congress should pass a law prohibiting, under heavy penalty,
the leasing or consolidation by one telegraph company of any competing line is not
likely to bring about such satisfactory results as would the establishment of a Gov-
ernment telegraphic system, to be managed under the regulations of the civil service
reform act.
[BoflEedo Express.]
THE RAPID company's INJUSTICE.
The action of the Rapid Telegraph Company toward its operators and toward the
public seems to have been worse even than that of the Western Union, and, indeed,
about as bad as could be. First it refused an increase and let its men strike, instead
of taking advantage of the opportunity to cut into the big company's bnsineas and es-
tablish itself, as an honest new line would have done. Next, when the pressure of
business that could not be forwarded made things uncomfortable for Western Union,
the Rapid gave in to the men and resumed business, taking the precaution, how-
ever, to put up its theretofore low rates to the Western Union standard. The Rap-
id's opening relieved the strain on Western Union and helped that monopoly to
weather the strike. Now the Rapid announces that it will out wa^pes down to the old
Btandaxd before the strike ; but it does not say a word about reducing its tariff to the
old rates. It looks as if the Rapid had been playing the part not of a rival, but of •
tender to Western Union.
[IndiaDApoUs Times.]
rr WILL BE INDEPENDENT.
A postal telegraph will not breed conspirators nor oormptionista. The operatorB
will be just as intelligent, just as loyal, under Government employ as under Jay
Gould, and far more happy, independent, and contented.
[Yirginia City Territorial Enterprise.]
A NEW ORDER OF THINGS.
The ca])lc company which is to operate in connection with the Postal Telegraph
Compaily may prove very troublesome to the old companies and the Western Union.
The latter company has guaranteed to the existing cable lines five per cent, for ninety-
STATEBfENT OF GARDINER G. HyBBARD. 115
nine years on 165,500,000 of stock. The new company has contracted $2,500,000 or
the immediate laying of a cable, and another at the same price in eighteen months.
Besides this advantage from lower capitalization the compan v controls patents issued
on inventions made since the Western Union contracts with the cable companies were
made, by which sixty words a minnte, instead of twenty as at present, can be sent
over the cables. The tari£f proposed is twenty-five cents a word, which will be low
enough to maJLe it very uncomiortable indeed for the established order of things.
[St John (S.B,) San.]
IT 18 THOROUQHLT POPULAR.
Another and probably more popular proposal is not that the Government should
take sole control of the telegraph service of the country, but that it should erect and
run a competing service in connection with the postal system, and thus preserve all
the advantages of competition and possibly avoid some evils which might be insepa-
rable frt)m an entire Government control. It is ars^ed that in this way a service
could be given at small expense to all the principal places, and that this could be
ffraduallv extended until it should be coextensive with the postal service. The pub-
lic would still have the choice of patronizing the Gk>vemment or the company sys-
tem, and, as there could be no collusion between the two, a healthy competition could
be secured. The company would be obliged to cheapen rates and be prompt in busi-
ness, and keep in employment capable and satisfied servants ; and if at any time a
strike did occur on the company's line the people would not be without a competent
and complete means of communication. There is no doubt at all but that this matter
will be forced upon the attention of Congress, and little doubt but that action on one
of the two above-mentioned lines will be undertaken, which will be determined by
the progress of the discussion ; but the weight of opinion, as so far expressed, seems to
be in favor of Government competition. The question does not press quite so strongly
upon us in Canada, but it is a growing and important one. It has already received
some discussion in the press and will very probably soon enter the arena of parlia-
mentary deliberation.
[Albany Time*.]
NOT THB QOVKRNMENT LINE.
A good deal is said lately about the Postal Telegraph Company, which should not,
by the way, be confounded with the Government telegraph scheme. The Postal is
simply a private enterprise, with fair prospects' of success, and these are because of
certain improvements which it controls. These improvements are strong proofs that
telegraphy is only in its infancy, and that the time is coming, and near athand, when
all except the most trivial correspondence will be done by electrioity.
[Borne SentineL]
THB QSINDINQ WESTERN UNION.
Dr. Green makes the following remarkable declaration : ''As I told General Eckert
this afternoon, the several hun£eds of thousands of dollars which have been lost in
the strike I regard to be the best financial investment made by the company. Here-
after General Eckert tells me that he will get one- third more work out of a man for a
day's services, and the economy of such a step will retrieve the loss in less than six
months.'' How much the strike has cost the Western Union there is no finding out ;
but whatever the amount may be the bold assertion that it will be made up, say by
January 1 next, by the simple process of getting 33^ per cent, more work out of
the operators, will go very far toward proving much which the strikers alleged in their
notices to the public. One-third more work is what is written, and the Western Union
is not that sort of concern to let go its ^p on any such a percentage of increase. If
we suppose the loss to the company durmg the strike was $500,000 in round numbers ;
if, as asserted, it can be made up in six months, then in another six months there
will be in the treasury $500,000 clear profit, and so on at the rate of $1,000,000 a year
till such time as this sort of unscrupulousness is brought to a halt by methods the
future must bring forth.
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116 STATEMENT OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
[Maoon (Ga.) Telegraph.]
FEARS OF A GOVSRNMENT MONOPOLY.
|i| It comes from Atlanta that the legislature contemplates instracting the Congres-
sional delegation to move for the establishmen t of a postal telegraph service by the Gov-
ernment. A monopoly ran by an individual or a syndicate is bad enongb ; a GoTem-
ment monopoly must prove a great deal worse.
fNew York Herald, September 6, 1883.1
**LKT THE GOVERNMENT BUY US OUT.**
The Sun believes the proposition to establish a Government telegraph line as an
adjunct to the Post-Office "preposterous," ** hasty and ill-considered," and not to be
entertained.
To all that Mr. Jay Gould in his interesting testimony before the Senate Labor Com-
mittee yesterday said, '*Me, too."
The Sun adds : ** The Government would, we suppose, have to buy the existing lines.
1 These could not compete with the Government, and would have to sell or go under.
- The bitterest opponents of Blr. Gould would hardly wish that all the other 2,599 stock-
holders of the Western Union should lose the value of their stock that he might be-
more effectually plundered. Mr. Edmunds will have to discuss that question."
Oddly enough, to all that Mr. Jay Gould also says, " Me, too." ** It is contrary to
our institutions," said Mr. Gould yesterday, when asked what he thought of a postal
telegraph to compete with private lines. But he added : " I would be perfectly will-
ing to let the Government try it. Let the Government buy us out."
There is here felicitous unity of sentiment between the Sun and Mr. Gk>uld which
ought to make both happy. Nor can it be supposed to detract from their satisfaction
to know that the gentlemanly Evening Post, the amiable Mail and Express, the ad-
mirable Commercial Advertiser, and, in fact, prettv much all the newspapers which
ranged themselves on the side of the corporation and against the workmen in the recent
telegraph strike, are now of opinion that if the Government wants to use the telegraph
as an adjunct to the mail service it must, as Mr. Gould puts it, *' buy as ont."
By the way, when Mr. Gould was asked yesterdav what he had to sell, he became
suddenly vague. ^^ I would like you to give us a description and viduation of the
Western Union as it stands to-day— the plant, the franchises, &c.,'' said one of the
committee. Mr. Gould, who had been up to that time the most practical of men, sud-
denly became a kind of heroic ignoramus. ** I don't suppose I con id give yon as intelli-
gent an answer to that as a practical man could," he said, ** IJudge of these proper-
ties by a broader rule — by their net earning power."
Now, the ** net earning power" of a corporation which monopolizes one of the great
necessaries of life is what it can screw out of the public. What Mr. Gould, therefore,
told the committee was, in fact, that he values the Western Union according to what
it can make the public pay for telegraphing. It gives a poor and dilatory service at
a high price. It does that because it is a monopoly. If Mr. Grould had competitors his
corporation would be compelled to give a better and prompter service at a lower price.
But the Western Union corporation has determined to tolerate no competitors. It is
its boast, made in a notorious pamphlet published last year, that it is ''an army of
occupation" with a *^ completeness of grasp upon the power of instantaneous comiua-
nication in this country" which cannot be interfered with by private effort.
Under these circumstances public opinion demands that the Government shall come
to the public help by a competing line, whereupon all the organs of monopoly cry out,
" Oh ! that frill never do ; the Government must buy out Western Union." And Mr.
Jay Gould, who has recently found the English unwilling to take ** a large block " of
Western Union stock, agrees very readily that the Government ought to ouy out the
monopoly.
If a private company sets up competition with Western Union Bir. Gould does not
offer to sell out ; on the contrary, he swallows — absorbs — the private competitor. But
if the Government proposes to use the telegraph, not as a monopoly, but simply as an
adjunct to the railway mail service, Mr. (^uld at once wants to sell oat to the Gov-
ernment.
Well, what has Western Union really got to sell t That question neither Dr. Green
nor Mr. Gould, nor any other member or the corporation, has appeared willing to an-
swer.
What has Western Union got to sell t
i
STATEMENT OP GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 117
How much real estate^does it own, and how is that encambered t
How many miles of poles and wires does it actually own f Does it own- one-half the
wires it works T Or a third t
It has, Mr. Gould told the committee, " contracts with railroads by which the tele-
graph company does the work of the railroads free." He did not explain, however,
that in these cases the railroads own the poles and wires ; the contracts in many cases
are near their expiration, and will not be renewed if the railroad companies can help
it ; while in other cases these contracts are terminable at a year's notice.
All that is not salable property. What has Western Union really got to sellT
Whenever the telegraph question comes before Cougress those who demand in the
interest and service of Mr. Gould that " the Government must buy us out " will have
to answer this question, and those who ask it — Senator Edmunds^ for instance, whom
the Sun hauls over the coals — will probably remember the shrewd saying of tne elder
Vanderbilt, that *' he did not mind putting some money into telegraph stock ; bat he
did not regard that kind of property as a permanent investment ; he was not snoh a
confounded fool as to leave a lot of poles and wires to his heirs."
" The net earning power '* of a monopoly may be very great, but it would be a very
poor business to buy it at a high price, because all monopolies— even that of the West-
em Union — are in their nature prccarions and uncertain.
[Chicago Tribune, November 23, 1883.1
A TELEGRAPH FOR THE PEOPLE.
An able article, moderate in tone, and all the more convincing on that account, on
the subject of postal telegraph is contributed to the current number of the North
American Review by Mr. Gardiner G. Hubbard, who has for years been an advocate of
the addition of electricity to the resources or the Post-Offlce. The main idea of his
paper is contained in this sentence :
'^ As A telegraph for business where dispatch is essential, and the price is of little
account, the Western Union system is unrivaled, but as a telegraph for the people it
js a signal failure.''
The best energies of the Western Union have been given to serving the great com-
mercial, railroad, and speculative interests of the country, especially the last. To see
its system working at its highest perfection one must stand in a Chicago stock broker's
office with its special wire running direct to the New York Stock Exchange, and
watch in hand, time, the execution of an order to bay or sell. Such a message will be
flashed over the wires into the vestibule of the exchange, will be executed by the
broker there, and an answer returned in less than four minutes. Four minutes for
doing business to the amount of very likely a hundred thousand dollars over a circuit
of two thousand miles is not too much. Certainly no improvement is needed there.
But when we step outside of the isothermal lines of speculation between the great
exchanges of the country where cotton, wheat, oil, railroad stocks, and other " staples"
are dealt in we tind a sudden drop in the etliciency of the telegraph* There is per-
haps not one of our readers who has not found that it took as long to ^et a message
delivered a short distance in the city or in the suburbs by telegraph as it would have
taken him to walk with it to its destination. Abroad the telegraph is used princi-
pally by the i)eople for social correspondence over short distances, but that is impos-
sible here with our variable charges, high rates, and the discrimination in favor of
business messages. Stock-exchange busuess, for iustance, has the right of way over
the wires in preference to any cummunication of a personal or social nature. The
directors and managers of the Western Union are r»ilroa<l owners and stock specu-
lators, and they do all they can to foster the facilities of the '* lambs."
The telegraph, Mr. Hubbard shows, is used more freely in England, Holland, Bel-
gium, and Switzerland than with us, and more largely in proportion to letter corre-
spondence in France. On the continent of Europe more than two-thirds of the tele-
§rams are on social matters; in this country four-fifths of them are on business,
lurs is a business and railroad system, while those abroad are postal systems. This
is largely because of the discriminations made in favor of business, especially of spec-
ulative business, by the Western Union, but also because of the high and irregular
rates charged by our company. In England you can send twenty words for 25 cents ;
in Holland, Belgium, and Switzerland the average rate is 10 centa a message ; in this
country the average is 3d cents, and there is the greatest inequality and irregularity
in rates, more being in a vast number of cases charged for short distances than for
long ones.
An analysis of tlie reports of the Western Union shows that, contrary to their own
118 STATEMENT OP GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
claims, the average cost of sending messages has been rising. In 1878 the average
was 41 cents ; in 1883 it was 46 cents, an increase of 10 per cent. This increase i^i
cansed directly by the cost of baying np competing companies, which has resulted in
an increase of the operating expenses, and by the necessity of paying dividends oq
the millions of watered stock. For eleven years down to the declaration of the stock
dividends of 1879 and 1881 the Western Union pursued the policy of makine an anunal
reduction of rates to the extent of 6 per cent, a year. Tne consolidations sod
issue of watered stock compelled this policy of reducing rates to be given np. The
11 tax to the public on .account of these consolidations Bir. Hubbard estimates at ^.1
cents for each of the 41,000,000 messages sent last year by the company.
The remedy for all this is not to help Mr. Gould to carry out his pet scheme of
selling the Western Union to the United States for $100,000,000 ; it is not tosnbstitnte
for the Western Union monopoly a Government monopoly with all the intolerable
nuisances of tbe circumlocution office ; it is simply that* the neglected and abased
field of correspondence by electricity be occupied by the Post-Office. As tbe figures
show, the Western Union hardly touches this, which is the largest part of the work
of the telegraph abroad. Postal lines built by the Government and operated by the
PostrOffice with low and uniform rates would develop a business of their own that
the Western Union evidently does not desire, and could not with its other businees
handle if it hadit.
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STATEMENTS
OF
BOBEBT GABBETT AND OTHEB OFFICEBS OF THE BALTIHOBE
AND OHIO TELEOBAPH COMPAHT.
Messrs. Bobert Oarrett, D. H. Bates, president of the Baltimore and
Ohio Telegraph Company, and John K. Oowen, attorney of that com-
pany, appeared before the committee.
Mr. CowEN. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: Mr. D. H. Bates, the
president of the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company, will first
speak to you. He is here to explain what that company has already
done, and what they propose to do in the fhtnre.
Mr. Bates. Does the committee prefer thai I should make a volun-
tary statement, or will inquiries be put to me in the direction in which
you desire information t
The Chaibman. State in the first place, if you please, such facts Bfi
you have in mind that you wish to present to the committee, and the
committee will ask any questions that may occur to the members dur-
ing the progress of your remarks. The company you represent desired
to be heard, and this day was assigned for the hearing. The course I
suggest is the one we have generally pursued.
Mr. Bates. The Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company, which I
DOW represent, has telegraph lines extending along the route of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Washington to Baltimore, and from
each of those cities, to the point of connection near Point of Bocks,
Maryland, thence over the main stem of the Baltimore and Ohio to
Wheeling and Parkersburg, over the Pittsburgh and Connellsville road
to Pittsburgh, the Central Ohio road from Wheeling to Columbus, the
Marietta and Cincinnati road from Parkersburg to Cincinnati with
119
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120 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS.
naroerous branches, the Lake Erie division from Newark to Saudusky,
the Chicago division from Chicago Junction on the Lake Erie division
to Chicago, with a branch from North Vernon to Louisville, and with a
line also from Baltimore over the highway to New York City. It has
within a few weeks purchased a newly-built Hue over the West Shore,
and the New York, Chicago and Saint Louis railroads from New York City
by way of Buflfalo to Chicago. Its lines are nearly all pra<;tically new,
some of them having been rebuilt within the lavSt few years and some of
them within the past year, so that we are now thoroughly equipped
with large trunk liues on all of those important routes, covering, as you
|1 will observe, the principal cities within that area. The company has
now lift<*en wires by two routes between New York City and Chicago,
which are, as near as I can understand, one half as mauy as the num-
ber of the Western Union Company between those points. On other
routes it has nearly the same proportion. It is now engaged in build-
ing a line of the same chanicter between New York and Boston, taking
in the principal cities on the route, which will be finished about June
Ist.
The Chairman. Over what route does that line run f
Mr. Bates. It will doubtless run over the highway from New York
to Boston.
The Chairman. By highway you mean what!
Mr. Bates. Public roads.
The Chairman. Not along the line of the railways!
Mr. Bates. Not along the line of the railroads.
It is also engaged in building a line from Chicago to Saint Louis,
which will take in Indianapolis branching from Indianapolis to Cincin-
nati, also a line from Pittsburgh to Cleveland, and thence to Chicago
Junction, bo as to give us cross-connections for the purpose of better
availing of our facilities in the event of interruption on any one route.
It has just closed an arrangement for an existing telegraph line on the
Texas and Saint Louis r^lway from Saint Louis by way of Cairo to Tex-
arkana and beyond, andis arranging for the further extension of that
line from that point to 5ouston, Galveston, and New Orleans. At present
those are the points that are immediately contemplated within our pur-
X)Oses« and it is the intention of the company to provide, between those
large trade-centers, the most ample facilities, for the public, the press,
and such other uses as the wires may be put to.
The Chairman. Let me ask you a question right there, if you do not
object to being interrupted. Do you find it is necessary to pay anything
for the right of waj' over any of these routes you are building upon !
Mr. Bates. I could hardly answer that question as far as the Balti-
more and Ohio Company is concerned, having only lately connected
myself with it. I have been with other telegraph companies for the
last twenty odd years and can speak as to my experience with them.
The question of rights of way at first was trifling. In later years it has
come to be a matter of very considerable moment. In the cities it is
almost impossible to get any available rights of way at all, certainly not
without the payment of very large sums of money for them. Kailroad
routes are becoming filled up with lines, and in all cases railroad com-
panies, of course, receive from telegraph companies, for the rights of
way large concessions in the way of telegraphic fjftiilities, free transmis-
sion of their messages, and otherwise ; and in very many cases where
it is essential to use private lands it becomes then a question of arrange-
ment with the owner, and large sums in those cases have very often
been paid.
STATEMENTS OP BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS 121
The Chaibman. Did you oficept and are you acting under the provi-
sions of the act of 1866 1
Mr. Bates. We have already done so, and have taken advantage of
those provisions so far as we can.
The Chairman. Do not those provisions give you the right to con-
struct a line over any post-route t
Mr. Bates. They do ; and under the decision of Justice Harlan in a
case with which 1 had to do in 1879, the Western Union Telegraph
Company against the American Union Telegraph Company and the
Wabash Railroad Company, that right was protected by the court and
exercised by the telegraph company. The line upon that road today
was built under that act and its provisions have been availed of in other
cases since then by that company and by the Western Union Company.
The Chairman. What difficulties do you find in the construction of
telegraph lines outside of towns and cities t
Mr. Bates. With the exception of municipalities, of course, there is
not any material difficulty at any point excepting where the condition
of the surroundings is such as to make it necessary to make a devia-
tion. For instance, there may be shade-trees to be avoided, there may
be other lines of telegraph to pass under or over, or there may be build-
ings to avoid. Of course all of those mechanical objections have to be
met, and are growing more in importance with each succeeding year as
the existing Imes are increased and multiplied.
The Chairman. If the roads leading into those towns or cities are
post-roads, in what way can the company that attempts to carry a line
into a town or city be obstructed f
Mr. Bates. The difficulty up to this time, Mr. Chairman, has been to
entorce the right that that act gives. I believe the right exists. In a
case with which I had to do in 1869 or 1870, in the city of Philadelphia,
for the Western Union Company, when the present Attorney-General,
Mr. Brewster, was the counsel of the company, he took that view in the
controversy we had with the city of Philadelphia. The right was not
exactly admitted, as I now remember. I think the city (M)mbatted it.
But an arrangement was made whereby we practically completed the
line under that right. I do not know, however, any case that has yet
come up in the courts where the provision in reference to rights of way
in cities has been acted upon.
I should have added to my statement already given in reference to
our extensions, that an arrangement has also been concluded with a
company in close connection with th0 Baltimore & Ohio Company, for
the immediate building of a line from Chicago to La Crosse, Saint Paul,
Minneapolis, and other important points in the Northwest, so that with-
in the present year our telegraph system will cover territory which now
yields, as I understand, nearly or quite three-fourths of the entire tele-
graphic business of the country ; and we will have sufficient wires and
equipment of other kinds with which to handle all of the business that
can be secured in that territory.
We have not as yet undertaken any particular reduction in rates.
The ariffis which I find in operation are, generally speaking, the siime
as those of other companies, although in respect of night messages they
are lower. For instance, our night rate between all points reached by us
is one-half of the regular day rate, while on other lines, the Western
Union particularly, it is two-thirds, as near as may be.
The Chairman. Three-fourths in some cases. From Denver to the
Atlantic coast it is a dollar for day messages, and seventy-five cents for
night messages.
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122 STATEMENTS OP BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS.
Mr. Bates. You are right, Mr. Chairman. I think with reference to
Texas it is $1.25 for day messages and 80 or 90 cents at night. I am not
certain as to those figures, but I think they are approximately right.
Our purpose is first to fully equip our lines between the points I have
named with a sufficient number of wires to handle a very large amount
of business, so that we shall be able to take everything which we can
get at remunerative rates. I believe, from a long experience in the tel-
egraph business, that a moderate rate will be more remunerative to us
than what might be called the high rates which generally now exist
We have in contemplation such arrangements as will reduce the rates
between the principal cities, at least east of the Mississippi Biver, to
not exceeding 25 cents for aay messages, and one cent a word for night
messages. Between local points within that territory a proportionately
higher rate may be necessary for the smaller volume of business.
Senator Jackson. What is the number of wires on the Nickel Plate
road!
Mr. Bates. There are four wires now on the Nickel Plate and West
Shore roads on the line which we bought, and we have arrangements
made, and some of the material already shipped, for the immediate erec-
tion of twelve more wires.
f Senator Jackson. In point of equipment how does it compare with
other lines f '
Mr. Bates. The Nickel Plate telegraph line is one of the best lines
I have ever heard ot I have not myself seen it, but I have had it ex-
amined, and the report is that it is a most substantial Une, capable of
sustaining a large number of wires.
Senator Jackson. Are you proposing extensions now on the Atlan-
tic coast, or down through the Middle States t
Mr. Bates. We have thought best not to make any extensions in
that direction at present. The points I have already spoken of will
give us quite enough to do, at least for the remainder of this year, our
purpose being, as 1 have said before, to provide the most ample &dli-
ties between the larger places, and then be prepared at a reasonably
low rate, as nearly uniform as possible, to handle the very largest
! amount of business that from time to time may come to us.
The Chaibman. What wire are you using now in your new construc-
r tion t
] Mr. Bates. We are using up to this time, in all cases, a galvanized
! iron wire, such as all other telegraph companies use, excepting, I think,
one which is a combination of ccrpper and steel. ,
The Chaibman. Do you use a uniform size of* wire?
Mr. Bates. We are using for the through circuits what is known as
No. 6 gauge wire, 550 pounds to the mile, and for the way circuits No.
8 gauge, 380 pounds to the mile. We contemplate using, to some ex-
tent at least, a copper wire which will give us equal conductivity with
perhaps twenty-five per cent, only in the weight.
The Chairman. Can you inform the committee how many miles of
poles you have in your lines now in use f
Mr. Bates. I cannot ; but I will be able to give you that information
before the afternoon has passed.
The Chairman. 1 would like te inquire first as to the number of
miles of poles and then as to the number of miles of wire.
Mr. Bates. We have in the neighborhood of 25,000 miles of wire now,
and we are providing for 15,000 miles more this year.
The Chairman. Are you prepared to make a statement as to what
STATEMENTS OP BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 123
It would cost to construct the whole of your lines at the present time,
that is with the poles and the wires that you use f
Mr. Bates. That question is a very difficult one to answer. I can
tell yon what it has cost to build a system nearly as large as ours will
be ; but in undertaking to say what the average cx)st has l^en generally,
of course very many elements enter into the question that will be ob-
vious. The lines of the American Union Telegraph Company, covering,
generally speaking, the same area that I have already indicated, and
aggregating about as many miles of wire as I have spoken of, cost
$5,000,000 in cash, or a little short of that. That, however, did not in-
clude any important telegraphic patents, some of which are, of course,
e&sential for telegraph companies to use, and the cost of which is vari-
able. It is our purpose now not only to have ample wire facilities, but
the most enlarged scheme of equipment of the most approved pattern
that is possible to be obtained. What the cost of that will be, of cours^
I cannot tell.
Senator Wilson. How many miles of pole and wire were included in
that cost of $5,000,000.
Mr. Bates. That is a matter of record. My memory is not very good
as to the mileage of poles. The wire mileage was between 30,000 and
40,000.
Senator Wilson. Can j'ou supply the data to the committee t
Mr. Bates. The actual mileage of the American Union when pur-
chased by the Western Union Company in January, 1881, was 11,000
miles of poles and 48,000 miles of wire.
The Chairman. You stated, I believe, that you were building a line
from Chicago to La Crosse f
Mr. Bates. From Chicago to La Crosse, Saint Paul and Minneapolis.
I f^tated that that line was to be built by a company just organized who
are in close connection with us. The line from New York to Boston
we are immediately engaged in building, and I can give you any infor-
mation about that.
The Chaibbian. I suppose that would be one of the most expensive
lines to build. I would like to know, in the first place, what the capacity
of that line is to be as to the number of wires.
Mr. Batks. We are arranging for the construction between New
York and Boston of ten wires now, with pole facilities so arranged that
at least twelve more may be added.
The Chaibman. You have poles that will carry over twenty wires T
Mr. Bates. Yes, sir. Thatliue, all told, will cost us, including muni-
cipal rights, submarine and underground cables, about $250,000 to
$300,000, for the first six wires which we will erect. The remaining
wires will cost per mile each about one hundred dollars in round num-
bers.
The Chairman. I do not exactly understand your answer. What
will be the cost with six wires.
Mr. Bates. Two hundred and fifty to three hundred thousand dol-
lars.
The Chairman. How many miles.
Mr. Bates. It is about 250 miles ; I cannot tell exactly. The rail-
road distance is a little shorter than that. The telegraph distance is
greater because we have to avoid the streams and other telegraph lines.
Senator Wilson. In your statement relative to the cost of the Ameri-
can Union do you include the cost of equipment and everything com-
plete as the line stood within the aggregate cost of $5,000,000. Do you
mean the completed lines, including all items of cost T
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124 STATEMENTS OP BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS.
Mr. Bates. Yes, sir.
Senator Wilson. The instnunents and everything of the kindt
Mr. Bates. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. In building your Western lines, are you able to state
the cost of construction f Take, for instance, the line that yon have re-
ferred to from Chicago to La Crosse.
Mr. Bates. The line from Chicago to Saint Paul and Minneapolis,
by way of La Crosse will be built immediately with four wires, and viU
be so arranged as to the size of poles and their manner of setting as to
accommodate eight more at least.
The Chairman. Twelve in all.
Mr. Bates. Twelve in all. That line will cost, with four wii-es, I sup-
pose, fifty per cent, less i>er mile of distance than the Boston line.
The Chairman. That would make it about five hundred dollars a
mile.
♦ Mr. Bates. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. Now, in regard to your contracts. In making a con-
tract for poles, you specify some particular kind of wood and some par-
ticular size, do you not!
Mr. Bates. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. Have you the details in your mind f
Mr. Bates. Taking the Boston line as an example, chestnut is the
timber we use there. The length of pole is thirty feet, and the diameter
at the small end, barked, seven inches.
The Chairman. Thifty feet above ground!
Mr. Bates. No, sir ; thirty feet in length before setting ; seven in-
ches in diameter at the small end, barked, and straight and free of
knots.
The Chairman. That is for a line which is intended to carry twenty-
three wires f
Mr. Bates. Yes, sir. They are set from five to six feet in the ground,
and are put thirty-live or foity to the mile in the country ; in cities fifty.
Larger poles are necessary at road crossings and through cities and
towns where we have to cross other telegraph lines or avoid buildings.
The Chairman. What kind of poles do you specify for your Western
lines f
Mr. Bates. Cedar or chestnut. They will be twenty-five feet long
and six inches at the top for the principal part of the line, the larger
poles, of course, for cities and diflBcult places.
The Chairman. And you will use No. 6 wire in, all these cases!
Mr. Bates. For through circuits ; No. 8 for way circuits.
Mr.CowEN. As this hearing has assumed a conversational form, allow
me to speak in regard to two questions addressed to Mr. Bates, one a
question of fact and the other a question of law. I would like to make
a simple statement. I refer first to the question as to the occupancy of
post-roads under the act of 1866. I do not understand that any telegraph
company that has accepted the act of Congress of 1866 can occupy a
railroad route without the consent of the owning company. It was so
decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in the Pensacola
Telegraph case, to which Mr. Bates referred. Mr. Bates spoke of a case
against the Wabash Eailroad Company. It was a case in which the
Wabash Eailroad Company permitted the American Union to occupy the
post-road when the Western Union was endeavoring to prevent them,
on the ground of its having an exclusive contract with the railway com-
pany for telegraphic privileges upon its right of way. The court held
(and I believe all others have so held elsewhere; we have had sevenil
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STATEMENTS OP BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 125
cases of our own) that the act of Congi*e88 made the post-roads free to
telegraph companies for occupancy with the assent of the owners ; and
the railway compaijy having assented to the occupancy by the Ameri-
can Union Company, that the exclusive contract was null and void.
The other question is the question of fact in regard to the cost of rights
of way along railroads. I think 1 may state a single instance to illus-
trate what it may be. It may be variable and it may be v^ry great. I
venture to say that the American Union, for its simple right to locate
its poles and wires on the Pennsylvania Railroad, pays an annual sum
which if capitalized would equal the entire cost of its line on that road.
That is what it costs to get railroad privileges.
Again, with regard to the question put by the chairman in regard to
the occupancy of streets and public highways on the ground that under
the act of Congress they are post-roads, and that thus free right of way
is secured for telegi-aph companies. I do not know any case where that
has been asserted, although I know it has been claimed by the telegraph
companies when they wanted to get the privileges. I suggest first that
the act of Congress does not make all public highways post-roads. That
is my general recollection. I think there is an act pending to that
effect.
The Chairman. That is true. I was only speaking of those routes
which have been declared highways. All railroads have been so de-
clared.
Mr. CowEN. The second point about that, I should suppose, would
be that it would certainly appear to be a pretty great stretch of power
to authorize the location of telegraph lines in the highways of a city,
free from city, State, or local control.
Senator Wilson. You spoke of the cost of railway privileges. What
do you include in the term f
Mr. CowEN. Simply the right to locate the poles and wires on the
line of road. They get certain rates, generally about half rates, for the
transportation of material ; but I refer simply to the right to locate the
lines on the road. One of the advantages, as I suppose has already
been stated to the committee, is that the policing of a telegraph line
located on r-^ilroads is easy and perfect, while on a highway it is much
more difficult. You can send your man on a train and he can see the
wires as he passes along, as Mr. Bates or any of these practical telegraph
men will tell you ; and therefore they are willing to pay a high rate to
get their lines on railroads.
Senator Wilson. Are there any instances of the construction of lines
along the routeof railroads but beyond the right of way belonging to the
railroad f
Mr. CowEN. I know of one instance.
Senator Wilson. Had difficulties occurred in obtaining the right of
way in that instance f
Mr. CowEN. A great deal of difficulty. We have had considerable
difficulty. We have had to pay men from $5 to $100 for the right of
way.
The Chairman. That is, for the privilege of placing poles upon pri-
vate property.
Mr. CowEN. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. Is there any instance in which a telegraph company,
desiring to enter a town with their wires, have been prevented from do-
ing so unless they pay for the right of way f
Mr. CowEN. I cannot say in regard to that. The general method is,
in cities, to give the privilege for a telegraph tompany of putting up its
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126 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIAUS.
wires on the street on conditicti that the company will accord to the
city certain privileges. For instance, the fire alarms and other telegraph
wires for city use are to be provided for^ and there has also been, as in
Philadelphia, a certain license fee required, of so muob a pole ; bat that
is not usual. I know of no other charge for the rignt of way in cities,
as far as corporations are concerned, except subjecting the poles to the
burden of maintaining certain city telegraph wires.
Senator Wilson. Why was the line you spoke of constructed beyond
the railroad right of way rather than upon it t
Mr. OowEN. The particular instance that I have in mind is the Ohio
and Mississippi line which we constructed. The Western Union had an
exclusive contract with the Ohio and Mississippi Eailroad Company. At
that time, the receiver of the Ohio and Mississippi road was an officer of the
Baltimore and Ohio road, and we did not think, as the Baltimore and
Ohio telegraph wa^s going to be run there, and aa he was the receiver of the
company, that it would be exactly the thing for us to ask the court to
order a contract with the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company, when
its own officer happened to be the receiver, and when we were coming
in conflict with the Western Union ; although we had no doubt as to the
power of the receiver to make such a contract under the order of the
court. Hence the line was built outside of the right' of way, and it was
pretty expensive, too.
Senator Wilson. Would you have preferred to have constructed it
on the railroad right of way had not that incident appeared in the case !
Mr.CowBN. We would have much preferred to have constructed it
on the railroad right of way and paid considerable for the privilege of
doing so.
Senator Wilson. Why would you have preferred to have paid an
increased sum for that privilege f
Mr. Co WEN. Simply because, as I have said, the policing of it would
be considerably easier.
Senator Wilson. Suppose the line were constructed immediately
along the boundary of the right of way; why would your police advan-
tages be better in that instance than in the other t
Mr. CowEN. They would not be better if you could get precisely along
the right of way and just outside of it; but in so many cases yon are
compelled by the forest and intervening obstacles to leave the roadway
for some little distance; that that is where the diftierence comes in.
Take, as an illustration, the Chicago division of the Baltimore and Ohio
road wnen it was first built, through even as thickly populated a State
as Ohio. There would be stretches of ten, twelve and fifteen miles
where it would not be possible to construct a telegraph line immediately
adjoining the roadway of the company on account of the forests. Hence
it was necessary to make long detours before coming back to the rail-
road. That we had to do on the Ohio and Mississippi road, even in a
pretty thickly populated country, as you all know.
The Chairman. You have stated that in your opinion a company
organized to build telegraph lines and accepting the provisions of the
act of 1866 cannot construct their lines alon^ Uie line of any rsulroad
company without the consent of the company I
Mr. CovTEN. I so understand it, and that is the law I have no doubt
It would be an appropriation at once of the private property of a rail-
road company already appropriated to a public use to another public use
if this were not so. I have no doubt of the power of a State or of Con-
gress to authorize such appropriation upon compensation being made.
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STATEMENTS OP BALTIMOBE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 127
Senator Wilson. Bat that could only be done by purchase or con-
demnation f
Mr. GowEN. Yes, sir. For example, the only reason for constructing
a line to Boston on the highway is the fact that the State legislation is
not sufficiently perfect in certain of tiie states through which the line
passes to authorize such condemnation. You are aware that several of
the States do authorize telegraph companies to condemn rights of way
along railroads and elsewhere. Other States do not give any power of
condemnation such as there is in some of the States through which the
Boston line passes.
The Chaibman. It is plain that if companies should assume the right
to construct lines along a railroad they would have to avoid any inter-
ference with other lines or in any way obstructing the business of the
railroad.
Mr. CovTBN. Yes.
The Chairman. But I do not understand that they must get the con-
sent of the railroad company before they can construct their lines.
Mr. CowEN. I beg your pardon, but an examination of the Pensacola
telegraph case will, I think, convince the committee on that point. I
am free to say that I hope your construction of the law is correct, be-
cause I would like to put it in force in the next week.
Mr. Oabbett. It might be well to state further in the case cited
that the Baltimore and Ohio Company were put to an enormous ex-
pense in having its poles distributed by the country roads. The diffi-
culty of delivering poles at proper points, added to the other disad-
vantages, was such that the Baltimore and Ohio Company would have
much preferred to have paid a large sum for the right of way along the
railroad.
Mr. Bates. If you have finished with Mr. Cowen I would like to
make an additional statement. With reference to the payment or agree-
ment to make payment on the part of the American Union Telegraph
Company, for its line, covered in the gross amount of $5,000,000, that I
have spoken of, there was a very large sum to be paid every year in
cash to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, the Pennsylvania Com-
pany, and to the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Saint Louis Railroad Com-
pany. There was in addition a large outlay every year to be made to
furnish telegraphic facilities to the Wabash Railroad Company, and to
other companies upon whose rights of way the American Union lines
were built. The entire sum thus to be paid by the American Union in
cash and in telegraphic service was, as I now estimate, in the neighbor-
hood of $150,000 or $200,000 a year.
Now, on the point spoken of, as to the rights of a telegraph company
having accepted the provisions of the act of Congress of 1866, to which
reference has been made. I have had to do with the Atlantic and Paci-
fic Telegraph Company, the American Union Telegraph Company, and
more recently with the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company, in un-
dertaking to secure rights of way for our lines and the lines of the other
companies I have named under that act. In no case, so far as I now
remember, have I ever succeeded in obtaining rights of way under the act
of Congress upon railroads except with the consent of the railroad com-
pany— confirming Mr. Cowen's recollection. Were there a provision in
the act of Congress referred to for condemnation and for occupancy in
advance of payment it would enable telegraph companies generally to
extend their lines at much less cost, and, of course, with infinitely less
difficulty.
On the point of building lines along railroad routes but on the private
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128 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS.
property adjoining the strip of railroad laud, most of the diffiealt.v up
to this time in that direction has come from the opposition ot telegraph
companies already having contracts with the railroad comp<iiiie8 of an
exclusive character, and which provide, as Mr. Go wen ha8 said, that
no distribution of ]K)Iesand material shall be made by the railroad com-
panies. Those are t^he two difficulties.
Senator Wilson. Let me understand more definitely that stateroeut.
You mean that we shall understand that there are arraufjeinentH or con-
tracts between telegraph companies and railroad compani^^s to the efi'ect
that the railroad companies along whose roails the telegraph lines are
constructed shall not transport or distribute material for other telegraph
companies?
Mr. Bates. There is such a clause in the majority of the We^teni
Union contracts, if not in all of them.
Mr. HiTBBARD. I understand that the reason the American Union
Company paid so much money to the Pennsylvania and other railroads
wa« in consequence of the competition that at that time existed between
the Western Union and the American Union. They were each com-
peting with the other for that right of way, and finally the American
Union bid higher than the Western Union, and so obtained it.
Mr. Bates. Generally speaking, that is so; although the Western
Union Company was privileged to accept of the same conditions if it
had chosen to do so.
Mr. Hubbard. That I understand; but they declined, thinking it
was too much.
Mr. Bates. In other words, the contract was not exclusive.
Mr. Hubbard. It wa« not exclusive, but it was offered to the West-
ern Union, and they said it was too high a price, and declined to accept
it, and thereupon Mr. Gould accepted it for the American Union.
Mr. CoWEN. It might be well to state in regard to the exclusive tele-
graph and railroad contracts that the contracts in regard to the dis-
tribution of poles do not as a rule provide that there shall be no distri-
bution for any other telegraph company, but that they Shall only haul
poles between stations at regular local rates for like material, and that,
of course, amounts practically to a prevention of the distribution, because,
as you all know, they are distributed from the cars along the line of the
road.
Senator Wilson. They agree to do that only for the telegraph line
with which they make the exclusive contract!
Mr. CowEN. Yes, sir.
Senator Wilson. They enter into an agreement with one telegraph
company to do that service exclusively!
Mr. CowEN. Yes, sir.
Senator Wilson. Do you think they can refuse to do it for another!
Mr. CowEN. I have not the slightest idea that they can.
Mr. Bates. As a matter of fact, they have done so very often.
Mr. CoWEN. They do do it. They cause immense trouble in that
way.
Senator Wilson. I can very well see how trouble and delay and in-
convenience might arise out of it ; but as to the question of legal power,
I am not certain.
Mr. CowBN. I do not think they have the power. I think by reading
the decision in full you will find that it construes the act of Congress
only to authorize the occupancy with the consent of the owner of the
post-road.
Senator Jackson. Except as to Government land.
STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 129
Mr. GoWEN. The only land that they can go over without the consent
of the owner is public property.
Senator Wilson. The Oovemment being the owner of that, it would
be held that the act of Congress gave the consent.
Mr. GowBN. It does give consent in express terms.
Mr. Bates. Perhaps I can give yon a little information with refer-
ence to the Pensacola case that will throw some light upon the in-
quiry. My recollection of that case is that the State of Florida had
granted an exclusive charter for public telegraph business to the Pen-
sacola Telegraph Company, within certain parts of the State, and the
Western Union Company having made arrangements with a railroad
company having the right of way through that State and through the
counties which this exclusive grant covered, undertook to enforce the
act of Congress as against the will of the State of Florida. The suit was
decided in favor of the United States act, but you will bear in mind it
still required the consent of the railroad company to have its particular
right of way occupied. The same was true also in reference to the oc-
cupation by the American Union Company, of the right of way of the
Wabash Eailroad, and of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago
Railroad, and of a number of other roads. The railroad companies hav-
ing already granted to the telegraph company under the condition of
large payments, as I have already indicated, the right to build their
line, then it became a question for the American Union Company to
avaU of the provisions of the act of Congress, even with that consent, as
against the exclusive conditions claimed by the Western Union Com-
pany, and those exclusive conditions were broken down by Justice Har-
lan's decision, as also in the Pensacola case, which in that case, however,
was in favor of the Western Union Company, the plaintiff*.
Mr. Gabbett. Mr. Chairman, referring to the statement of Mr. Bates,
I would like to call the attention of the committee particularly to these
fects : That the Baltimore and Ohio Company has already expended a
very large sum of money in the acquisition of certain lines, chiefly
within the past two weeks, in addition to other large ^ums previously
expended: that, the time being somewhat favorable, it has seen fit to
contract tor Iwrge quantities of material, notably wire, which perhaps
^n be bought to-day at cheaper rates than I have ever known it to be
quoted at before; that it has also entered into certain contract obliga-
tions in reference to the building of additional lines to perfect its system,
and that therefore the action of the Oovemment becomes a very grave
question with the Baltimore and Ohio Company. I take it, the chief
difficulty that the committee and the Government will have in consider-
ing this subject is in reference to what has followed in previous cases,
namely, consolidation. So far as the Baltimore and Ohio road is con-
cerned, we might point to the general policy of that company } to the
fact that in 1873 we establish^ the express business, throwing the
Adams Express Company from our road, upon the theory that if there
was money in the business the railroad company had better make it for
its shareholders than permit a foreign corporation to absorb it. In the
year 1884 you find that express still in operation, notwithstanding the
predictions which were made as to a fusion with the other express com-
panies, and that it is being operated satisfactorily, I believe, to the pub-
lic ; certainly to the railroad company. In addition to that we threw
the Pullman Company off our line some years ago, and initiated our own
sleeping-car service. The Baltimore and Ohio Company is still operating
an independent sleeping-ear system, and whatever profits attadi to the
operation of that system go to the shareholders of the .company. It
S. Rep. 577, pt. 2 ^9
130 STATEMENTS OP BALTIMORE AND OHIO OPP1CIAL.8.
also decided to throw the Western Union Company from its lines and has
determined to maintain an independent telegraph system. The point,
it Heems to me is, how can we satisfy this committee that the Baltimore
and Ohio Company is in earnest in the course which it has mapped ont!
Certainly it will be admitted that the company has expended a very large
sum of money and that it must have some purpose in making that large
expenditure. It has taken a certain lisk — because the Baltimore and
Ohio Company does not wish to see the Government become its competi-
tor in the telegraph business. Hence our suggestion as to this confer-
ence. We are very anxious to learn the views of the committee and very
anxious to be able to judge in some respect at least as to what is likely
to be the course of Congress. Without making any committal, we wonld
like to have the views of the committee as to an arrangement of this sort:
The Baltimore and Ohio Company has entered into contracts and is go-
ing on with the construction of its telegraph lines in various directions.
Suppose we go on with the understanding, if it could be arrived at,
that in case the Government should decide to operate a telegraph sys-
tem— and it would have the effect of saving time — that the Baltimore
and Ohio Company should agree to turn over its lines at cost, being
pro})erly remunerated for rights of way such as those you have heard
referred to this morning. Suppose the Baltimore and Ohio Company
should say that it is peiiectly willing to go on with these lines witboot
delay so as to give the public the benefit of competition, and submit the
question of fair remuneration for its lines to a commission which shoold
be appointed by Congress. I will say further that the Baltimore and
Ohio Company is prepared to enter into contract with the Post-Office
Department for the transaction of its business. It has occurred to os
that by embracing the post-offices in ditferent sections of the country,
some plan might be devised which would enable us to transact the busi-
ness of the public satisfactorily and at the same time enable us to real-
ize a fair profit. We believe that with a system which has been charged
up to expense account (for that is the method of the Baltimore and
Ohio Company), standing at a cost of $20,000, with the expenditure of
$3,000,000 we will reach the territory from which the Western Union
Company derives 76 per cent, of its total revenue. Therefore we think
(and 1 would suggest it to the committee), that if it should decide that
the telegraph business can continue to be transacted by outside com-
panies, the Government might open it up to competition and let us be
bidders as against the Western Union or any other company.
Senator Jackson. Have you examined the provisions of the bill in-
troduced by Senator Dawes looking to the Post-Office Department con-
tracting with telegraph companies for the transmission of news under
the postal system f
Mr. Gabbett. I have not; but I think Mr. Co wen has.
Mr. CowEN. I have not.
Mr. Gareett. The question of Government interference with tele-
graph business is a very grave and a very serious one for us, and what
we wish to do is to endeavor to meet the views of the public and of this
committee.
Senator Wilson. Suppose the committee could not come to a con-
clusion such as you suggest. • Still your position would involve the
question of good faith toward the public which you have made. What
assurance could we have that, having been unable to reach a conclusion,
at some time in the future, perhaps not very far distant, there might
not be a pooling or combination arrangement made between you and
STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 131
the WesterD UdIod t I only speak of that as a condition of the case
\irhich is a possibility.
Mr. Gaebett. Under the arrangement suggested, the Government
would reserve the power to take these lines at a rate to be fixed by a
commission, which would practically leave the matter under the con-
trol of the Government.
Senator Wilson. Yes; but I am speaking now from the standpoint
of inability to arrive at that conclusion, and, owing to such inability,
leaving the Baltimore and Ohio Company and the Western Union and
all others just as they now are. What assurance can you give that the
thing which has been done heretofore will not happen again, namely,
consolidation t
Mr. Gabbett. That may be a di£Qicult question and it is one that we
would like to hear the views of the committee upon. As I said before,
I can only point to the general policy of the Baltimore and Ohio Bail-
road Company, and to the predictions that were made by the express
people and the sleeping-car people at the time we undertook our inde-
pendent systems of express and sleeping-cars. How can we satisfy the
committee as to the fact that the service will be peribrmed at such rat^
as will be satisfactory to the public t We might say that we are willing
to accept certain rates which have already been fix^ by the Postmaster-
General, and possibly that might meet the views of the committee.
The Chaibman. I have a very great respect for the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad Company. It is a sound, conservative institution, man-
aged on business principles. I think it is one of the soundest and best
corporations we have in the country. But the men who manage that
corporation have the same object in view that all other corporations
have, in making all the money that it is possible to make. They are not
looking to the public interests. They serve the public interests just so
far as they can be made instrumentalities in benefiting their own in-
terests. They will reduce rates if they find it more profitable to carry
for a lower rate than a higher rate; but everything turns upon the in-
terests of the stockholders and not upon the interests of the public.
Whenever it can be shown that the corporation can make more money
by consolidating its lines with the Western Union they will consolidate.
It is in the interests of the stockholders, and I take it that no matter
what the Baltimore and Ohio Company may do now, in the end it will
result in the same thing— consolidation, for the reason that by combina-
tion greater profits will result than can come from competition.
Mr. Gabbett. We take a very different view of the case, and I take is-
sue with 3'ou on that point. We have a theory that by building these
lines for cash and serving the public at rates which may be fixed by a
commission, or in such form as may be decided to be wisest and best,
later on, we can make greater revenues for our shareholders than we can
in any other way. We think the day for consolidation is over with tele-
graph lines. I might say further that the Baltimore and Ohio Company
is compelled to maintain a telegraph line for the transaction of its rail-
road business. The only incentive for our going into the telegraph
business is that we have a large plant; we have expended a l^*ge sum
of money in establishing lines necessary to transact railroad business,
and we have supplemented those lines by building additional lines to
the leading points Irom which the business of the Western Union Com-
pany is derived, and we can make our lines still more profitable. We
happen to be in such a position at this time that we are willing to ex-
pend money in that way.
When Gould came to us and asked for the use of our lines in organ-
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132 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIAUB.
izisg a competitor to the Wci^tern XTnioD, be represented th^t the stock
of that GompaDy was largely watered. I believe at that time it had
made some fifty-five consolidations, or thereabouts. I am not sure that
I am correct in my figures. The Atlantic and Pacific was a great soe-
^ cess, but after it was put in operation and consolidated Mr. Gould said
It that he was mistaken as to the value of the line and wished to make
another arrangement, threatening that if we did not make it be would
parallel our lines. As wo were not prepared to enter largely upon the
telegraph business at that time, we said, ^^ Yes; give us au exclusive
contract to send all your business over our lines, and we will give yoa
facilities and wiU make whatever revenue there is in the business.^ Mr.
Gould came to the conclusion that the Atlantic and Pacific lines were
inferior in quality ; that they had been constructed largely on turnpikes,
and that it was not a desirable property, and he sold it to the Westeni
Union Company. Then he came to us again and said " We have made a
mistake. We will start the American Union Telegraph Company as a
competitor to the Western Union Company," which, if weak, when the
i| Atlantic and Pacific Company was started, was made much more vulner
eble b3' the consolidation on Mr. Gould's theory, the Atlantic and Pacific
having cost about a million, and having been purchased by the Westeni
Union for $9,000,000. We did enter into a similar compact, but pro-
vided in that connection that should there be an amalgamation of the
American Union we could withdraw from the agreement. The Balti-
more and Ohio Company was obviously opposed to the amalgamation of
the American Union with the Western Union, for the reason that it was
dependent ui)on the business which the A merican Union, as a competit<ff
of the Western Union, brought it, and which had been gradually increas-
ing up to the period of amalgamation ; but the moment the competition
ceased, the Western Union began to close the offices of the American
Union, and hence the business which the Baltimore and Ohio had been
securing and which was just beginning to be profitable was cut off.
The very moment it became possible for the Baltimore and Ohio to
spend money to build telegraph lines, that moment it commenced to
compete. We have surrounded ourselves with the best telegraph tal-
ent in the country. We have not only drawn largely from the Western
Union but we have secured talent from other sources, and are still se-
curing it. Kow, we are willing to make any reasonable agreement witJi
the Government that can be suggested, and we would like to have the
views of the committee as to how best we can satisfy the desires of the
public and the desires of Congress.
The Chairman. On the supposition that you can make ho arrange-
ment with the Government, there will be a time, after your lines are
built and extended generally through the countiy, when you will be-
come a formidable competitor to the Western O^nion. Then it will be
for the interests of the Western Union to offer you two, three, four, or
five times what your lines are worth, as they have repeatedly done be-
fore with other properties, rather than allow you to compete with tiiem
for the business. When that point is reached what will prevent yoa
from accepting the proposition t
Mr. Gabbett. We have no objection to giving a guarantee on that
subject, if you can point out to us any feasible manner in which such
a guarantee can be given.
Senator Wilson. What would be your inclination towards this aspect
of the case t Suppose that during the progress of this investigation,
with the aid of data which has been prepared and published by the tele-
graph comx)anies and the assistance of such experts as we might call
STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 133
to our aid, the committee should be able to determine what would be a
fair average rate, considering the interests of company and public, for
telegraph dispatches, and should incline to favor such a regulatioa as
that of the telegraph business of the country.
Mr. Gabbett. Our inclination would be to accept any reasonable
rates which may be fixed by any proper commission.
Senator Jackson. In the post-office service t
Mr. Gabbett. Yes.
Senator Wilson. I mean my question to include the general business
of telegraphing and all character of communication thereby.
Mr. Gabbett. We think that tiie amount of cash we will be called
upon to spend to reach certain points will enable us to establish rates
which, while yielding us a fair return on our investment, will be very
satisfactory to the public We intend to aim at making rates thor-
oughly satisfactory.
Senator Wilson. Has your company any exclusive contracts with
any other companies, of whatsoever character they may be t
Mr. Gabbett. We have.
Senator Jackson. If it is a fair question and one you would like to
answer, I will ask how you expect to make rates so much lower than
an old established company who have made their business as successful
as the Western Union have Y
Mr. Gabbett. I will reply by stating that we expect with an ex-
penditure of $3,000,000 of cash, with co-operative contracts which we
have already entered into and wnich we may enter into, plus the lines of
the Baltimore and Ohio Bailroad Company with a capital of $20^000,000
to be able to compete with approximately $100,000,000 of nominal ex-
penditure at rates which will pay us. At least that was Mr. Gould's view
as to the American Union, and I have very great confidence and respect
for his judgment of telegraph companies — that the American Union
could afford to make rates which would be very profitable to them and
yet unprofitable to the Western Union. If the logic was good then it is
good now. With an expenditure of $5,000,000 Mr. Goula succeeded in
adding $40,000,000 to the capital of the Western Union. He did it with
great skill, but the Western Union must earn on $40,000,000 instead
of on the $5,000,000 expended; whereas we have only to earn on the cash
expended, and we can put it at 4} x)er cent., which means less than
$150,000 a year on the $3,000,000 of actual cash expended. We think
under those circumstances we are in a position to give the people of this
country satisfactory telegraph service and to accept such rates as might
be fixed by a i^roper tribunal to be established by Congress and at the
same time to obtain very satisfactory results for the shareholders of the
Baltimore and Ohio Bailroad Company.
Senator Jackson. How in reference to patents? Has not the West-
em Union secured certain patents which you will be obliged to use t
Mr. Gabbett. We have already secuied such patents as we are ad
vised we need at present and we are in treaty for others. We do not
expect to be hampered by any exclusive control of the Western Union
as to the matter of patents. That is clearly so, is it not, Mr. Bates t
Mr. Bates. That is clearly so.
Mr. HuBBABD. The simple question is the number of messages you
c^n obtain. The Western Union transmits 40,000,000. If they trans-
mitted 10,000,000 messages it would cost them two or three times as
much T)er message as it does now to transmit those messages.
Mr. CowEN. It strikes me it would depend upon between what points
the messages are transmitted.
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134 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OPFICIALiS.
Mr. Gabbett. I think the case may be summed np in a nnt-shell in
this wise : The Western Uuion has something over $7,000,000 of net
money to pay on this watered stock, besides its cable guarantees. Mr.
Oould built two cables recently. They cost, perhaps, $6,000,000 ; at least
I was so advised on the other side, where I had conferences with cable
people. Then the Western Union guaranteed 5 per cent, on a capital of
$14,000,000. Altogether they have some $80,000,000 or thereabonte.
This action of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has not been taken
without very careful thought and very careful prevision. Many of th^e
lines will be completed within ninety days, because they will be built
as fast as money can build them, and in the Southwestern country par-
ticularly the winters are so open as to enable the work to proceed. Pari
passu with the opening of these lines there will be two new Atlantic
cables, built at a cost of less than* $6,000,000, and all this to compete
with an aggregate capital of some $70,000,000 to $80,000,000 or more, so
that we will have competition on the water as well as on the land.
Mr. Hubbard. I was not referring, in the question I asked you, as to
the matter of capital or interest on capital or dividends upon capital,
but simply in regard to the operating expenses, whether the Western
Union cannot afford to carry 50,000,0(K) messages a great deal cheapo
than you can afford to carry 10,000,000 ; or, in other words, whether
50,000,000 messages cannot be transmittiCd, say, at 16 cents i>er message,
whereas 10,000,(K)0 would cost you 25 cents per message?
Mr. Gabbett. Yes ; somewhat cheaper, I take it. But if the Western
Union has this large sum to earn per annum and we have a very small
sum to earn per annum, don't you think we will be able to do a portion
of the business t Take the trunk lines for instance. [To Mr. Bates.]
In how many days will you have tho^ lines ready t
Mr. Bates. In forty days after the material begins to arrive.
Mr. Gabbett. It is beginning to arrive now for the line between New
York and Chicago. With sixteen wires from New York to Chicago over
the nickel plate and eleven by the other route we will have twenty -seven
wires into Chicago. Mr. Gould has thirty to day. Within the last two
days we have bought a district company in New York, and we will open
our ofBces rapidly pending the stringing of these wires, and we will be
about as strong in Chicago as Mr. Gould ; and if we are not able to
handle all the buisiness that is offered we soon will be. It doesn't take
long to string wires when your poles are up. Winter does not interfere
with that.
The Chaibman. I will tell you whatr you will be confronted with if
yon propose to sustain a competing line. When you reach a certain
point and competition becomes threatening the Western Union will pat
down its rates at all the points you re^ach so low that there will be no
profit, and raise the rates in all the other portions of the country; a
proposition will then be made to buy you out. They will say " You can
make no money. Yon are working at a loss. We will absorb you as
we have absorbed fifty or sixty companies l>efore, some of them just as
strong as yours ; some of which, in fact, Mr. Gould was at the head of.''
I would like to know what assurance you can give to members of this
committee that you would not meet with the fate of all the other com-
peting companies !
Mr. Gabbett. I may surprise you perhaps when I tell you that we
have already leased between the cities of Chicago and New York enough
wires to pay the interest on the entire amount that we propose to ex-
pend, so that at any rate we can live, even if the messages should be
carried at a very Yo\7 ta\i^. Bvxt I would like to ask in return how the
STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 135
Western Union is going to pay dividends on eighty millions of stock
pending that condition of things t Ho^ is it to continue the great in-
vestinent stock it is claimed to be to-day t
The Chairman. It will do the business in half the country at a loss
and make the other half pay for it.
Senator Wilson. I wish you would make the statement a little more
definite with reference to your leased wires between New York and Chi-
cago.
Mr. Garrett. We have six wires leased to-day between Chicago and
New York at an average rental of $19,000, making a total of $114,000 net
per annum. Four per cent, on 3,000,000 of cash expenditure is only
$120,000 a year. In addition to that we have a line leased to a news-
paper in Chicago for night work at say $15,000, or thereabouts.
Mr. Co WEN. Is not that a further business answer t The difficulty
of Congress getting a legal guarantee against consolidation confronts
one at once. It has been suggested here that any form which that could
take would be open to objection. Of course the difficulty of putting it
into form any lawyer would see at once.
The Chairman. There could be no guarantee which would prevent
the company from using it« property in the way which best served their
interests.
Mr. CowBN. There is great difficulty in it ; but the business answer
to your question is that the Western Union, if it reduced its rates at the
points reached by the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company in order
to drive the Baltimore and Ohio out of the business would meet with very
serious difficulty. It seems to me that the answer to that question is
seen in the conditions of the telegraph business. There is more tele-
graphic business done out of the city of Chicago than in the entire Do-
minion of Canada. When you strike the centers where that tremendous
business is done as the Baltimore and Ohio is doing, you strike where
three-fourths of the Western Union business is. They cannot afford to
reduce rates for the simple purpose of killing off a competitor.
Senator Wilson. What proportion of the Chicago business is brought «
into Chicago by the wires extending beyond and transmitted from there
eastt
Mr. CowEN. I do not know how much comes east. I do not know
how much, exactly, goes west. But there is a large business between
such cities as Chicago, New York, and Boston. The large business of
Chicago is the business done by the exchanges, commercial dealers,
banks, and brokers, and that passes between the large commercial
cities.
Senator Jackson. I understood Mr. Bates to state that you had
reached, or would reach, the great commercial centers that afforded the
Western Union 75 per cent, of its present business.
Mr. Garrett. Yes, sir.
Senator Jackson. So that if they undertook, to crowd you out and
make up for losses on the other 25 per cent, they would fail t
Mr. Hubbard. There is a vast deal of fallacy in that remark, and the
fallacy is this: That 75 per cent, of the business does come from these
great cities; but it is neither 75 nor 25 per cent, of the business that is
between those great cities. For instance there is not a tenth part of the
'business between New York and Chicago that there is between New
York and the towns lying within 10 miles of New York.
Mr. Co^VEN. That is a great mistake.
Mr. Hubbard. No, sir, it is not a mistake.
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136 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS.
Senator Wilson. My purpose in patting the qaestion to Mr. Garrett
was in order to ascertain what ^rtion of the business between Chicago
and New York was business onginating in Chicago, because if we can
ascertain tluil then we know substanti^dly what is tne percentage that
comes into Chicago over the lines centering there, and is transmitted
from there to New York.
The Chairman. I understand the proposition of Mr. Bates to be that
the company will in time i^each that prox)ortion of the business of the
country. It is only prospective. It has not been reached yet.
Mr. Bates. It will be reached this year with the lines I have men-
tioned.
The Chaibman. You will reach what part of the business f
Mr. Bates. As near as I can estimate it 75 per cent. I wish to make
a remark in reply to the suggestion from Mr. Hubbard that while that
may be true not 25 per cent, of the amount is with and between these
large cities. He is wrong in that statement very largely. I have had
occasion through the course of my long experience with the telegraph
business to examine very minutely all of the details in reference to tele-
graphic business between large centers, and between those centers and
the smaller places. As I have already said, in Chicago alone the gross
telegraphic business handled by the Western Union Company, not
counting the other companies that are already there, our own particu-
larly, is as great as all of the telegraphic business of the Dominion of
Canada. It is true, of course, that all of that business in Chicago is
not done between the commercial centers ; but I venture to assert that
three-fourths of it is. While we will have our lines connecting the large-
commercial centers within the period named, we will of course have a
great many intermediate offices on those lines to add to the system; so
that I think I can safely say that while we will touch and reach with
our lines 75 per cent, of the business of the Western Union Company,
we will be able to handle at least 50 per cent, of their whole business
within that area.
The Chairman. Assuming that you will reach the commercial cen-
ters where three-fourths of the telegraphic business of the country is
done, and that you make between those points a cheap rate, what pro-
portion of the people of the whole country will be benefited by tiie
cheap rate t We have already very cheap rates between some of those
centers. Nobody asks for a cheaper rate than we have between Wash-
ington, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, and Boston to-day. That
is not what we are seeking. We are seeking to ^ive the people of
every portion of the country cheap telegraphic service.
Mr. Gabbett. Who gave that cheap rate you have mentioned to the
public !
The Chairman. I am not supposed to know about that.
Mr. Gabbett. It resulted from the building of rival lines to the
Western Union. The Baltimore and Ohio, x>erhaps, had something to
do with it.
Senator Butleb. May I be x>ermitted to ask a few questions right
there ?
The Chaibman. Certainly.
Senator Butleb. How long have you had a telegraph wire for the
transaction of your railroad business t
Mr. Gabbett. I think ever since the telegraph has been in existence.
The first telegraph wire that was strung was strung along the line of
the Baltimore and Ohio road.
Senator Butleb. How many miles of wire would it be necessary for
STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 137
you to keep up for the transaction of yoar railroad ba&iness excla-
flively t Can you form any idea!
Mr. Gabbett. We, of course, are obliged to have lines between our
various termini, lines between New York, Philadelphia, Washington,
Baltimore, Cincinnati, Louisville, Saint Louis, Columbus, Sandusky,
Pittsburgh, and intermediate points.
Senator Butleb. Those lines, irre8i)ective of what' use they may be
to the public, you own for your private purposes 1
Mr. Oabbett. Yes, sir ; they are necessary adjuncts to the proper
running of the road.
Senator Butleb. Are you compelled to keep them up in connection
with your railroad business t
Mr. Oabbett. Yes, sir.
Senator Butleb. Under any circumstances 1
Mr. Gabbett. I think that would be the general verdict.
The Chaibman. It was said, I think, by Mr. Bates that the Western
Union Company could not afford to reduce its rates for the purpose of
driving another company into consolidation. Did not the Western
Union Company once before reduce it-s rates to all points east of the
Missouri River to 25 cents for ten words 1
Mr. Bates. The Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company, with which
I was then connected, reduced its rate to 25 cents uniformly between
all points east of and including Omaha.
The Chaibman. And the Western Union did the same t
Mr. Bates. The Western Union reduced its rates to some points :
but between the more distant points never to the full reduction, as I
remember.
The Chaibman. It has been stated by some person who has been be-
fore the committee — Mr. Green, I think — that the Western Union Com-
pany reduced its rate to a maximum of 25 cents to all points east of
either the Missomi or the Mississippi Biver^ and maintained it there
until this consolidation was effected. If it did it then, why may it not
do it again f
Mr. Bates. I do not think, as a matter of fact, they ever did that
I think they followed the Atlantic and Pacific Company* in its 25
cent rate between some of the cities that were nearer together. Be-
tween the more distant points, for instance New York and Omaha, I do
not think they reduced below 50 cent«, but I may be mistaken as to
that.
The Chaibman. I think I have heard the statement on good au-
thority.
Mr. Bates. I think you get that from the fact that the Atlantic and
Pacific Company made such a reduction. I will say as to that, that
that step was considered very carefully, and the reduction of the rate
to 25 cents between New York, Boston, and Omaha, gave a very large
revenue to the Atlantic and Pacific Company ; a very largely increased
revenue.
The Chaibman. Can you give an opinion as to what it will probably
cost to send messages during the next five years, with all the improve-
ments in telegraphy and with the increased facilities from all sources*
Mr. Bates. I have already indicated in my previous statement that
the Baltimore and Ohio Company, as soon as it had provided the most
ample facilities between these large centers east of the Mississippi River
would be in my judgment able to establish a uniform rate of 25 cents
at least between the larger cities, with a proportionately higher rate
between the more distant local points. When I say I believe we can
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138 STATEMENTS OP BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS
afford to do that, I of course base that opinion upon an estimate of the
cost of handling the service. I think that with ample facilities between
those points, and handling a large amount of bnsiness as we expect to
do, we shall be able to bring the cost enough below 25 cent8 a message
and enough below 1 cent a word for night messages to leave a very cod-
siderdble margin of profit. I think that answers your inquiry.
Senator Wilson. Has the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company
any rates which you regard as below the standard of reasonable rema-
neration f
Mr. Bates. In only one case do I know of such a rate that now exists,
and that is the rate that now exists between Washington and New York
City, of 15 cents. Whether that is remunerative or not I would hardly
like to state here, because I have not been with the company long enough
to judge.
Senator Wilson. Have you knowledge of any other company having
rates for any character of business that are below the fairly remunera-
tive standard t
Mr. Bates. So many questions enter into the consideration of that
inquiry that I would hardly like to make an answer. I could not do so
' . to your satisfaction.
Senator Wilson. What is your better judgment as to that, without
going into details?
Mr. Bates. I think my answer to your question is already' compre-
hended in the answer that I have just given ai little more at length, that
r^ when we have our lines equipped between these important centers we
shall be capable of handling the business at a uniforin rate of 25 cents
with a profit.
Mr. HuBBABD. In 1880 the Western Union made their rates per mes-
sage 18 cents, did they nott
Mr. Bates. I cannot reply to that, because I have not the statistics.
Mr. HI3BBABD. And do not recollect t
Mr. Bates. And do not recollect.
Senator Wilson. What is the principle involved in determining the
cost as between points furnishing a great amount of business and those
furnishing a less amount of business t Take, for instance, the commer-
cial centers and the remoter regions of the country, which cannot be re-
garded as commercial centers in any sense, and still need the advantages
of telegraphic communication.
Mr. Bates. I can only answer that by stating that the plan of the
Western Uiiion Company, with which I have l^en until recently con-
nected, has been to establish first what is known as a State rate; for in-
stance, through the State of New York 25 cents, and through the State
of Pennsylvania 25 cents interchangeably ; and next, a rate for messages
going from one State to another. The largest tariff now, being be-
tween the extreme East and the extreme West, is tl.25, 1 think, which
will shortly be reduced to $1.
Mr. HuBBABD. Is not a dollar and a half now the extreme rate t
Mr. Bates. I think it has recently been made a dollar and a quarter.
Between the large centers, as for instance New York and Chicago, New
York and Saint Louis, and New York and Cincinnati, a 50cent rate is
in operation. A considerably lower rate than that, I think, would be
profitable, and our company has already made arrangements to estab-
lish a considerably lower rate than that between those large centers at
once. It is obvious that a very large business can be handled relatively
hecaper than a small business. There is now in force between the stock
exchanges of l^ewXotkCil^ ^iiid Philadelphia a rate of 10 cents a mes-
STATEMENTS OP BALTIMORE AKD OHIO OFFICIALS. 139
sage. That rate, and the speculation that obtains there, has resulted
in an enormous amount of telegraphing.
Senator Wilson. What woidd you think of applying to the more re-
munerative pai*t of the business a part of the rate- burden that now falls
upon the less remunerative ; in other words, such an arrangement of
rates as would distribute more equally the advantages of telegraphy
over the country t
Mr. Bates. 1 think that is the proper policy for telegraph compa-
nies to follow. It is the policy that we shall undertake to follow out, as
I now understand the case.
Mr. Oabbett. Mr. Chairman, in addition to the statement I made
that the Baltimore and Ohio Company^ was prepared today to enter into
a contract with the Government for the transaction of its business. I
would like to add that, covering the territory referred to, should the
€k)vemment see fit to enter into such a contract, the Baltimore and Ohio
Company will be prepared to give satisfactory guarantees for the com-'
pletion of those lines to the i>oints named within a much earlier period
than the Government by any possibility could reach the same points.
Senator Wilson. And still be willing to subject itself to the regula-
tion of rates by commission f
Mr. Garrett. I think the Baltimore and Ohio Company would be
willing to do that. I am not prepared to make an absolute committed
on that point, but I think that is within the line of our policy.
The Chairman. There area number of subjects upon which I would
like to get information. Under the resolution adopted by the Senate
we are authorized to call for persons and papers, and I think in a very
short time it will be desirable to call witnesses. I have no doubt Mr.
Bates is as thoroughly informed on this subject as ^ny man in the
country, and it has occurred to me to ask whether he would like to
have the questions that we propose submitted to him in advance, so
that he might be prepared to answer them.
Mr. Bates. I should be pleased to make answer to any such questions,
and if they were submitted to me in advance it would enable me to
give more intelligent replies than I might be able to make on the spur
of the moment.
The Chairman. Has the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company
any press contracts f
Mr. Garrett. We have some contracts with the press. We have
no general contracts, but we have some specific contracts.
Mr. Bates. We have contracts for leases of wires to one or two press
associations, of considerable importance to them, and to a number of
individual newspapers. The Chicago luter-Ocean is one, the Cincin-
nati Inquirer is another, and the Cincinnati Gazette is another.
The Chairman. Have you exclusive contracts with any press asso-
ciation f
Mr. Bates. No, sir.
Senator Wilson. Have you any contracts involving the transmittal
of news t
Mr. Bates. We have, as I say, contracts for the lease of wires to the
United Press Association and to the Inter-Ocean and the other newspa-
pers I have named, whereby they operate the wires themselves, paying
us a rental for their use. We have in addition an arrangement with
associations and newspapers for the transmission at 25 cents or 30 cents
a hundred of large quantities of press matter. There are no agi cements
of any kind of an exclusive nature.
Ml
l
I' I
i I 140 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIAL&
I •
Senator Wilson. You settle the price, whether associations, in^i^d-
uals or conipauies, and there is noexclasive contract!
Mr. Bates. No, sir.
The Chairman. I suppose you will have no objection to fomishiiig
I : I us copies of the contracts t
t Mr. Bates. None at all, sir.
Senator Wilson. We are to have those the other company will fomiBli,
and we would like to have such as yon may have also.
Mr. Oabbett. We would be very happy to give any information in
our powei;.
Mr. HuDBABD. Did you ever make any estimate as to the average
distance telegrams were transmitted t
Mr. Bates. I do not know that any estimate has ever been made. It
would be extremely difficult to make snch an estimate.
Mr. HuBBABD. Not very.
Mr. Bates. I am unable to furnish it.
Mr. HuBBABD. It may be made within 50 miles, without any great
trouble. To begin with, the average rate now of the Western Union is
38 cents. For 38 cents you can send a message perhaps 500 miles.
The average telegram is sent much less than 500 miles. Very few tele-
grams are sent much over 500 miles.
Mr. Cowen. You think there is very little telegraphing t>etween Chi-
cago and New York f
Mr. HuBBABD. Very little, comparatively speaking.
Mr. Bates. I think you are wrong. I would not like to assent to that
statement of fact.
Mr. HuBBABD. Take your pencil and paper, and you can demonstrate
it mathematically. It is not susceptible of doubt or question.
Senator Wilson. That is a question involving the field to which I
called the gentleman's attention a short time ago as to the distributioa
over the country of the advantages of telegraphing.
Mr. Bates. I do not know how it is with the Western Union Com-
pany, but with the system of the Baltimore and Ohio Company the
average distance over which each message is transmitted is considerab^
greater than 500 miles, for the obvious reason that a large part of our
business is between New York and Chicago, Cincinnati, Saint Louis,
and intermediate points.
Mr. HuBBABD. You do not accommodate the public then t
Senator Wilson. If we get at the average distance and the average
rate then we would have data upon which we could with reasonable ac-
curacy base a calculation with a view to the element of distribution I
have spoken o£ If you or Mr. Bates or any one else can furnish us tliat
data we would like very much to have it.
Mr. HuBBABD. I can cipher it out.
Mr. Beiff. If you divide the mileage of poles into t|ie number of mes-
sages sent you will get it. The Western Union have about a hundred
thousand miles of poles. If they transmit 40,000,000 messages it would
be an average of 400 miles for each message.
Mr. CowEN. What an absurdity that would be as a matter of busi-
ness. Just think of it ! What does it determine f I do not see
Mr. HuBBABD. You do not see what t
Mr. Cowen. I do not see how it would affect the question of deter*
mining the rates. Suppose the railroads do the same thing. Qet all
the railroads in the country to do the same thing and I do not think, as
a practical man, looking at it from an economical point of view, you can
make an assertion of that sort
I
STATEMEKT8 OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 141
Senator Wilson. Let me pat this statemeDt : The same princxple
would have application to either a railroad or a telegraph line. Take^
for instance, a railroad line. There are some partB of the line that it costs
much more to operate than other parts. It may be owing to grades, to
corves, ortovarionsotherconditions. That everybody knows. Still^is it
not the correct business principle in operating that line to let theless ex-
pensive portions of the line bear a part of the burden that comes because of
the conditions on the more expensive portions, in the matter of determining
rates for transportation t Otherwise you may have very exorbitant
rates on one part of a line and very low rates on another part. In hav-
ing but one rate you work a unity of that line. The line would be
0))erati*d as a unit, and the public should get the benefit of the distribu-
tion of the burden. That is the idea I have in regard to this other sub-
ject, that there should be such a distribution of through rat^ss as that
the public shall have the advantage, and that the advantage shall not
be confined to localities that are most favored by the conditions.
Mr. CowEN. That is undoubtedly the case now. As to the small
towns, the railroad business is local. Eighty-five per cent, of the earn-
ings of the Pennsylvania Eailroad consists in its local business. It is
just the reverse with the telegraph. At the same time the local points
get the benefit of the extreme competition of the great points by enab-
ling the companies, as you say, to, in a way, distribute the chargesover
the entire line. That is, if they make a great deal from their termini
between larfie commercial centers they can afford to do business at a
less rate to the local points. As Mr. Bates has said, they take some
plan more or less arbitrary. They adopted the State plan in the West-
ern Union service — 25 cents in one State. Thev do not go and see how
much it costs from one point to another. I suppose they keep up num-
bers of stations where they do not pay anything ; very little, if anything.
Senator Wilson. I have no doubt that it is true.
The Chairman. I have no doubt if the Government should construct
or operate a telegraph that in a short time we would have a uniform
rate, as we have in the transmission of letters. Every one knows we
carry an immense number of letters in the mail at a cost greater than
the amount received for postage ; and yet, as a whole, we are able to carry
letters for two cents to every portion of the country, including the free de-
livery in all the larger cities, and make the Post-Office Department self-
sustaining. The people of the country get vastly more benefit fVom that
plan than by having low rates between the lar^ places and high rates
between the smaller places. There is no question about that.
Mr. GowEN. The tendency is undoubtedly in that direction in tele-
graphing.
Mr. HuBBABD. I think you would be surprised, Mr. Ghairman, if you
should examine the postal service and the telegraph servicCvto find how
short a distance either letters or telegrams are sent. Mr. Painter tells
me there was an examination made by the Post-Office Department last
year, at a very great expense, in order to ascertain in regard to parcels
of merchandise, how far they were sent, and it is on file. The postal
service and the telegraphic service are closely allied together. They
are not like the passenger and freight business on railrrods. It is the
messages that are sent short distances and it is the letters that are sent
short distances that are 75 per cent, of the whole business of the mail
and of the telegraph. Nearly 80 i>er cent, of all the telegrams are sent
less than 300 miles.
Senator Wilson. The short rate pays for the long rate t
Mr. HuBBABD. Yes ; on letters and on telegrams.
142 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS.
%
5i ■,,
Mr. CowEN. I do not see how that coald be.
Mr. HuBBABD. Very likely you do not see it. I am merely stating
e fact.
^ Mr. CowEN. I do not see how you get at the number of messages
sent a short distance by getting at the avei-age rate they travel.
Senator Wilson. It is only an element in the calculation.
Mr. GowEN. Suppose you have ten messages coming: from California
to New York. You have that long distance as an element when yon
come to determine how many messages go from Chicago to New York.
You cannot do it. You cannot take the entire pole mOeage and divide
it into the entire number of messages and say the average distance a
message is sent is so much. That is one way of ascertaining it, bat
that does not tell what number of messages go a short distance and
what number go a long distance.
Senator Wilson. Do you mean to say that there is any element in
that business that an expert cannot ascertain f
Mr. CowEN. 1 mean to say you can tell precisely by going to the
Western Union offices, and getting from their offices, if they keep any
such statistics, the precise number of messages that go from every point
in this country to every other point in this country ; but I venture to
say no such statistics are kept.
Mr. HuBBABD. I can take my pencil and paper, without going to the
office of the Western Union Company, and come within 10 per cent of
the truth. I have done it, and I can do it again. It is perfectly easy.
All you have got to do is to formulate your table. Yon know what the
rates are between the different distances, and you know what the whole
amount received is. Then you can, by a series of equations, find oat
what proportion are sent at each particular rate. In that way yon can
very soon work it out.
Mr. Beiff. I suggest, as Mr. Hubbard says he has done this, that he
furnish the committee with the figures he has already fixed up in his
own mind or on paper, because we know, and the Western Union has
ciphered out, that the average increase of the volume of business is now
reaching nearly 14 per cent, per annum. You can add that on to Mr.
Hubbard's figures. If he has already demonstrated it it will save a good
deal of time. /
Mr. Bates. I can state, having been with the Western Union Com-
pany off and on about ten years and with other companies in opposition
to it nearly as long, that there never has been, to my knowledge, any
such statistics prepared as Mi*. Hubbard speaks of. An effort has been
made in that direction, but necessarily it has been a very feeble one
from the very nature of the case; and I do not think it is i>ossible to-
day with any statistics that exist to determine with any reasonable de-
gree of accuracy the average distances that messages are now transmit-
ted. It could be done by arrangement beforehand for it with great
elaborateness of detail, but it has not yet been done.
The Chaibman. Do you not think the Government could transact
the telegraph business through its post-offices cheaper than any corpo-
ration could do it t
Mr. Bates. You have asked me my opinion, and I will have to an-
swer no. I reason fVom analog.
The Chaibman. Will you give your reasons for that, if you cant
There one is thing that cannot be questioned, and that is that the Cov-
eminent will employ a very large number of men who now are paid as
postmasters, and whose occupation as postmasters requires but a very
small part of their time.
STATEMENTS OF BALTIMORE AND OHIO OFFICIALS. 143
Mr. Bates. The answer to yoar inquiry, I think, has alieady been
made far better than I can make it by the Western Union people. I
can only say in reply to the suggestion at the close of your remark, that
if the telegraph business of any place is large enough to warrant an
office beiftg established and any business being done of any account, it
will necessitate the separate employment of an operator. Of course
there are very many places where an operator who was also postmaster
might be used. But the relative number of those employes as com-
pared with the whole number of employes to handle all the telegraphic
business of the country would be, in my judgment, very small.
The Chairman. I disagree with you; I think it would be very large.
In the large offices the time of the men is fully employed ; they are
worked up to their full capacity. But there are thousands of small offi-
ces in which the postmas.ter, who is now employed, does not have enough
to do to occupy all his time.
Mr. Bates. Nearly all of those places are already provided with tele-
graphic facilities, and if the rates were reduced so as to largely increase
the volume of business at those places, a separate employ^ would of
course very soon be necessary in very many of them ; certainly not in
all.
Mr. Hubbard. Out of the 13,000 offices of the Western Union do vou
suppose there are more than 2,000 that pay anything more than their
expenses t
Mr. Bates. Yes. sir ; I think considerably more than half. There is
no object for the Western Union Company to keep an office open at any
point which does not pay expenses.
Mr. Hubbard. Nine thousand of their offices are railroad offices, not
kept by them, are they not t
Mr. Bates. I think 9,000 would be perhaps under the number ; but
in all those cases they are necessarily obliged either to pay an operator
specially, where the business amounts to a considerable sum, or to com-
pensate the railroad company in some other way for the services of the
operator. So that they pay the expenses in one way or the other. *
Mr. Hubbard. Are not the operators generally paid, not by the tele-
graph company, but by the railroad t
Mr. Bates. The contract relations of course are different with differ-
ent railroads. In some cases the telegraph companies pay some of the
operators and in other case^ they pay nothing in the way of salaries,
and all in the way of telegraphic facilities and free privileges.
Mr. GowEN. One of the statements made by Mr. Oarrett was that the
Baltimore and Ohio Company having engaged in this enterprise looks
with a great deal of interest to know, and it becomes a very grave ques-
tion to know, whether the Oovernment is going into the business. The
Government have authority already to purchase at an appraisal all of
these lines under the act of 1866, and if there is to be such a thing as a
Oovernment telegraph, if you are going into competition, it strikes me
that the proposition to take these lines is worthy of the committee's con-
sideration.
The Chairman. I will call your attention to the difficulty of proeeed-
ing under that act. The act provides that two of the appraiser shall
be appointed by the Government, two by the telegraph company, and
the four thus appointed shall choose the fifth. Si!q)posing we should
take the lines of the Western Union Company on that basis. It would
appoint two men and the Government would appoint two. The two
men ap)K>inted by the Western Union Company would never consent
to the fifth man, unless they knew that they could control his decisions.
10884 3
144 STATEMENTS OF BALTIMOBE AND OHIO OFFICIAL&
Si
They would accomplish their porpoBe in either case. If they refuse to
assent, that defeats the plan of the appraisement. If they consent they
do so because they have three out of five. Therefore, it is not possible
under the provisions of that act to protect the interests of tl^e Govern*
ment.
I II Mr. Beiff. I think there would be another difficulty in the case of
the Western Union. Over almost the entire country they would be an-
il able to give jou title, because many of the lines they use they use under
i contract relations, and, of course, have no title in fee.
I The Chairman. It would be an exceedingly complicated question. I
I , do not believe the best expert in the country could settle it in five years.
In one instance the telegraph company has the poles and the railroad
company the wires, and in another instance this arrangement is re-
versed. In one instance they have all the money collected at a certain
office, and in another they divide equally with the railroad company.
It is a very complicated affair. I do not think it would be iK>8aible to
reach a fair determination, even if you had five men who wanted to do
simple justice.
Mr. Go WEN. I think that the committee is unnecessarily alarmed as
to the number of those contracts and the character. When we bought
the National line ten minutes was all the time I needed in regard to the
few contracts they had made, for the simple reason that they were all on
the same motlel.
Mr. Eeiff. If Mr. Cowen will allow me, those are two distinct com-
panies. The Western Union, as has been frequently stated, have eight
hundred railroad contracts.
Mr. CowEN. There are other lines to take. You are not obliged to
take the Western Union.
The Ohaibman. Mr. Qreen has stated that out of 13.000 employ^
9,000 of them are employed by the railroads, which woula indicate that
a very large pr6portion of the business of tlie Western Union Company
ii^one through contracts with railroads.
Mr. Oarbett. Another point to which I would like to call attention
as bearing upon this whole matter is that many of those contracts are
about expiring, and there may be other railroads preparing to enter into
co-operative arrangements with other competing telegraph lines* That
has a bearing upon the question.
BRIEF OF THE POSTAL TELEGRAPH AND CABLE COMPANY.
Ofpice of the Postal Telegraph and Gable Company,
49 Broadway^ New York, February 9, 1884.
To the chairman and members of the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-
Beads of the United States Senate^ Washington^ D. C:
Gentlemen : In response to your invitation I beg leave to submit the
following brief statement of the position assumed by the Postal Tele-
graph and Gable Gompany on the question of a Oovemment postal tel-
egraph, and in doing so I shall omit all discussion of the constitutional
and legal principles involved, and confine myself solely to the practical
and business aspects of the subject
This company was organized and is now constructing its lines of
telegraph with a view of establishing a system of telegraphy based
on cheap and uniform rates. To accomplish this it was found neces-
sai^ to construct trunk lines between all the principal cities, and equip
them with such wires as will enable the company to transmit mes-
sages from one to the other by a single operation regardless of the
distance, and under all atmospheric conditions, and to use improved
devices oy which large volumes of business can be handled cheaply and
with celerity. Undei* these conditions the cost of the telegiaphic
service and the time required in which to perform it are wholly inde-
pendent of the distance, and we hold that under no other conditions
can either the Government or any private corporation establish and
maintain a profitable, cheap, and uniform rate of service. This com-
pany has already established a line between New York Gity and Ghicago,
composed of 40 poles to the mile, ranging from 30 to 60 feet in length
and 7 inches in diameter at the small end, and all deeply and firmly
set in the ground, which is by far the strongest pole-line ever constructed.
And on this line compound wires have been strung, composed of a steel
core, weighing 200 pounds to the mile, encased in a copper coating weigh-
ing 525 pounds to the mile. The steel core being necesl^ary to give
great tensile strength and elasticity to the wire, while the copper af-
fords the greatest conductivity. These wires have a resistance to the
electric current of only about one and one-half ohms per mile, while an
iron wire of equal weight would have a resistance of not less than
seven ohms per mile.
The length of a telegraphic circuit, or the distance to which a ifies-
sage may be sent by a single transmission, without repeating the mes-
sage or without the use of repeaters, is governed by the resistance of
the wire. Hence, circuits on iron wire do not exceed %n average of 500
miles, beyond which uniform rates are not profitable, and are the dis-
tances selected by existing companies, using iron wire, within which
uniform rates have been established. While on these compound wires
circuits may be extended trom 1,500 to 2,000 miles, whereon uniform
rates can be profitably established. Distance adding nothing to the
S. Eep. 577, pt. 2 10 ^^
^1
'1
I
i !
t
i '
f
146 BRIEF OF POSTAL TELEGRAPH COMPANY.
<508t of the service where the message is not repeated, aud no repeaters
used, inasmuch as a transmitting and receiving operator are require
to handle the message whether lor a shorter or a longer distance, while
the local business will always provide for the interest on the cost of
<^nstruction and maintenance of these lines. In other respects the high
conducting qualities of the compound wires enable this company to
use more delicate and complicated devices, giving the wires correspond-
ingly greater capacity for the transmission of messages. In exempHti-
•cation of this we are now doing business between this city and Chicago
<iirect, a distance of 1,000 miles, without interruption or delay by reason
of storms or other atmospheric conditions, and without repeating the
message or the use of automatic repeaters, thus bringing Chicago, tele-
^aphically, as near to New York as the city of Philadelphia, compared
with iron wires ; and the great capacity of this wire is shown by the
fact that we are enabled to send six messages simultaneously on a
single wire by the ordinary Morse method, each transmission being
worked with greater speed than is possible with a single transmission
on the best iron wire for such a long distance ; and by the use of oar
automatic system we are enabled to transmit a thousand words per
minute over this line, which would be wholly impossible on the best iron
wire. Other lines of equal strength are now being constructed and
similarly equipped with these comiK)und wires by this company, fix>m
Chicago to Saint Louis; from New York to Washington, by way of
Philadelphia and Baltimore ; from Buffalo, through the oil regions, te
Pittsburgh ; from New York to Boston, and from the Chicago line at
Eostoria, Ohio, to Toledo, all which will be completed and opened for
business some time in the month of March next, excepting the Boston
line, which will not be completed until about the first of June next, at
which time it will be connected with the transatlantic cables now being
constructed and laid by Messrs. MacKay and Bennett.
During the coming summer a second line similarly constructi^ will be
complet^ between New York and Chicago by way of Harrisburg, Pitts-
burgh, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis, and these lines will be
extended as raindly as possible to all the other principal cities of the
country, and local or side lines will be built connecting the smaller cities
and towns with these trunk lines.
In order to handle large volumes of business with celerity and with-
out complicating the lines and loading down the poles with a large num>
ber of wires, this company has secured and adopted the harmonic system
of multiple telegraphy and the Leggo automatic system, together with
other improved devices. By the harmonic system we are enabled to
send at least six messages simultaneously on the longest line, by the
Morse method, and a greater number on circuits not exceeding 500 miles.
By this method we are now handling between this city and Chicago
an average of from 250 to 300 messages per hour on a single wire, while
the best quadruplex service now in use by other companies on iron
wires does not exceed an average of 120 messages per hour, and they
can do this only in good weather, bad weather either breaking up their
quadruplex entirely or reducing it to a duplex, even by the use of sev-
eral repeaters, which greatly increases the cost of transmission antl re-
duces the rate of speed, while ours is not perceptibly affected by the
weather and no repeaters are used. The promptness and reliability of
our service is shown by the fact that our time of transmitting and de-
livering messages between New York and Chicago does not excee<l an
average of nine minutes from the time it is deposited at our receiving
window until it is delivered to the party to whom it is addressed, em-
BRIEF OF POSTAL TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 147
bracing in this estimate any continaons hundred thousand messages
handled by the company since our lines have been opened to the publio%
We are now transmitting a thousand words per minute on a single
wire from New York to Chicago by our automatic instrument. Any
number of messages may be simultaneously prepared in the offices c^
this company and transmitted over a single wire at this rate of speed
to any distance by this system on compound wires. Any automatio
system is impracticable for long distances on iron wires, and all other
systems heretofore in use have not attained a speed greater than fi:om
sixty to two hundred words per minute even on short circuits. The
great advantage in these low-resistance wires is, that it makes an au-
tomatic printing system perfectly feasible on lines of any length, and
the company is now availing itself of such a system whereby from one
to four transmissions may simultaneonsly.be sent on a single wire at the
rate of from sixty to ninety words per minute for each transmission..
This is done by a lettered key -board transmitter which may be operated
very rapidly with but little training on the part of the operator, and
without any knowledge of the Morse alphabet, and it does away with
the receiving operator entirely.
When this company shall have completed and equipped all its lines
with these improved syst-ems iX will be able to transact the entire busi-
ness of the country profitably at the cheap and uniform rate of 25 cents
per message of twenty words, and at a correspondingly reduced rate for
Government and press service, and we believe that this will meet the
public demands for such a service and supersede the necessity of any
experiment on the part of the Oovernment. The capacity of our lines
for the rapid transmission of business is such that, with the aid of the
post-office deliveries in large cities, we could handle the greater part of
the correspondence now carried by the United States mail. Hence we
will be able to enter into a contract with the Government to perform a
postal-telegraph service at a much cheaper rate than the Government
itself could perform it by the lines and methods now commonly in use^
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. S. OOE,
Vice-PresidewL
*4
STATEMENT
OF
HEHBT DAT, EXECUTOR AHD COUVSEL OF THE ESTATE OF
EDWnr D. KOBOAE, DECEASED.
Thursdapj February 14, 1884.
Henby Day, executor and coimsel of the estate of Edwin D. Moi^
gan, deceased, came before the committee and made the following state*
ment :
Mb. Chathman and Gentlemen of the GoionTTEE. I do not
come before you to discuss the constitutional grounds or the legal
grounds on which you propose to found the bills that may be prepared
on this subject. I do not come as the representative of any telegraph
companies. I simply appear before you as the executor of Governor
Morgan, and as the adviser of his estate, which is largely interested in
telegraph stock. The case of one individual will represent the case of
thousands, probably of tens of thousands, in this country who are in-
terested in telegraph stock. I would like to present a logical case, if I
can, because all of you gentlemen are accustomed to reasoning on these
subjects; and I also wish to present a case that shall appear to be fair.
Senator Maxey. What stock do you represent as the executor!
Mr. Day. We represent stock of theWestem Union Telegraph Company.
Governor Morgan's estate — his wife and grandchild — has $2,000,000
worth of this stock. He left about $1,600,000 worth of stock in his es*
tate. As you know, he was long interested in telegraphic business, aided
in developing it, and stood by it earnestly; but he did not, until the
last years of his life, own any great amount of stock. In the last year or
two of his life he bought very largely of this stock, thinking it was a
good investment to leave to his family. He frequently told me, in draw-
ing his will, that he considered it to be simply a good 6 per cent, stock
and a good thing to leave to his executors. He considered that it would
never be interfered with by the Government, except upon grounds that
would be absolutely legal, and that the Government woald do justice ta
the holders of the stock in any action which might be taken.
149
150 STATEMENT OP HENRY DAY, EXECUTOR.
I have taken the liberty of patting in print a few points that occor to
me in connection with this matter. [Appended hereto.] It may be that
the same points have been gone over. I have no knowle^lge of what
has passed before your committee.
I will state my first point. It is that the Government ought not to
engage in any business enterprise which can be as efiBciently done by
citizens, not to say as economically done. It strikes me that the Gov-
ernment should not interfere with the business of the eoantrj' in that
way, even though they could do it a little more economically. If the
Government should go into the telegraph business, or into the iron busi-
ness, because they have an immense amount of iron, you can see what
injury that would be to private citizens. It would destroy the tnteit^sts
of parties in the business. The Government has enough to do without
going into any such business.
The Chairman. Do you think it would be a good plan to turn over
all the post office business to private partiest
Mr. Day. I do, if it could be as well done. If it could be done under
the proper restrictions, and under proper Government control, I would
Bay so. I would say that every business in this country that is done
by the Government had better be done by individuals, with those con-
ditions. But that is a very important matter. There are matters con-
nected with the postal service
The Chairman. Taking things as they are, do you think it would be
a good plan to turn over all the post-office business to private parties t
lir. Day. I do not, no ; but, taking things as they are, you have got
this service already under way. Always^ since the foundation of the
Government, it has been done in the same way. But you have stood
by, as a Government, and allowed this immense telegraphic business to,
grow up under your eye ; allowed it to be developed, and allowed par-*
ties to put in their money with the idea of being rewarded, if they suc-
ceeded, just the same as in the case of the Pacific Railroads, or any
other great enterprise. The Government have allowed and fostered
this great enterprise and have used it in times of trial and peril. It
does not seem to me that it is now fair to adopt a new principle, and in
such a way that will interfere with the private interests of thousands
and tens of thousands of individuals, and the estates of dead men.
It does not trouble me at all to have questions put. I am perfectly
willing to have this a mere conversational interview.
Senator Wilson. I understand from your statement that yoa do not
question the propriety or policy of Governmental control or regulation
of the telegraph.
Mr. Day. No, sir ; I do not. It seems to me that the Constitu-
tion, perhaps, intended that communications between different parts
of tne country should be somewhat under Government control. Al-
though I have not looked into the question of constitutional rights,
it does not strike me as departing very essentially from the policy of
the Government to control the telegraphic business in a certain way.
But the point I make is this : You have allowed it and the precedent
has been established. Now, if it can be as well done privately — and
you are to decide that — ^it seems to me it should not be the policy of the
Government to run the risk of a great many evils that necessarily would
attend a change. It seems to me that would not be wise.
I can refer to some of the evils that would attend a change. Yon
have probably seen many, or all, of them yourselves, for yon have given
greater consideration to the subject than I have. If you should count
up the number of telegraph operators that are employed in this country.
STATEMENT OP HENRY DAY, EXECUTOR. 151
aud the number that will be employed, what an army yon have to bo
under the control of one party or another ; what an army of men yoa
kave subject to corruption ; what an immense force you have, in case of
elections, to be controlled by one side or the other. I think that all
those possibilities ought, as far as possible, to be obviated in the man-
agement of a great Government like ours. Our Government is becom-
iuj^ greater every day. Nobody knows how great it is going to be*
Eii^^land is nothing. England is not a fair sample to take as a prece-
dent for us in this business. It is a little island not much larger than
Kew York and New England put together. Its boundaries are well de-
defined. It is unlikely to get any more land on the contiuent. Its in-
terests are nothing compared with ours, and its course, in regard to this
business, is nothing that should affect this country, which is increasing
to such an extent every day.
The Chairman, They sent 31,000,000 messages last year, as against
40,000,000 messages sent in this country.
Mr. Day. Yes ; but look forward for a hundred years. How will it
be then? It will be just the reverse. The number of our messages
will be hundreds and hundreds of millions, and tens of thousands of
men will be employed under the control of some party, which, it
seems to me, will be a great danger. But I do not base my argument
on that ; I think you are better judges of that than I am. What I am
alter is substantial justice and right as between the Government and
the citizens. I think that is a point that has been in modern days
and under our own Government very greatly overlooked- I speak upon
my own experience as a lawyer. I have seen in Pacific railroad ciises
what I considered to be so great a wrong that if it were done by a pri-
vate citizen he would be hounded out of the community. I speak ad-
visedly, because I have been been before committees in Congress on the
subject, and I have examined these matters. I believe that great wrong
has been done in the desire for saving money, without any regard for
the rights of the people; great wrongs, from which men are now abso-
lutely suffering.
I was very much astonished the other evening when dining with a
gentleman who was a member of Congress here— his name would prove
quite familiar to yon if I should mention it — at a single remark he made,
which was not brought out by anything I had said. Said he, ^^The only
thin g I regret in my course in Congress is this : When the vote on the Credit
Mobilier came up there was great excitement in Congress over it. Mr.
Ames was here. I only regret that I voted against that measure and
condemned him. I have always been sorry for it. I did it under ex-
citement, and I would never do it again.''
Here was Mr. Fessenden, of Maine, who would not vote for any such
thing at all. Great wrongs can be done simply with the idea that it is
right to save money for the Government. There is a point right there
that you ought to take into consideration. If you do it, see what fol-
lows— and I confess I have been led in the same direction myself. If
you are sharp and harsh upon the individual citizens their only defense
is to cora^ to Congress and do all they can by underhanded measures^
by bribery, and by using improper influence to get legislation which
will give them justice. They say " If we cannot get it one way we will
get it another." That is human nature. That is what I have seen time
and again. They say *' We cannot get any justice unless we resort to
such methods. They take our money, they take our proi)erty, and they
violate contracts express and implied. If we do not take care of our-
selves we shall be slaughtered." 1 think there is a better feeling pro-
3i
152 STATEMENT OF HENRY DAY, EXECUTOR.
vailing in Congress and in Government circles on that subject^ and I
am very glad to see it. I think it is somewhat akin to the sentiment I
have expressed as to the duty of the Government. I should be very
sorry to see individuals injured and property slaughtered simply to save
a few million dollars to the American Government. The total amoun«
would not be ten cents apiece for the people to put in their pockets, al-
though in thousands of cases it would bring ruin to individuals.
I I will come simply to the case pf Governor Morgan. I will leave with
I the committee a statement in print of the different points of my argi-
I ment, and will simply take up this as a personal question. I believe I
need not eulogize Governor Morgan. You all know that he was a dis-
tinguished citizen. He was a self-made man. He was as loyal a man
and as true a man as this country has ever produced. He was a man \rbo
devoted his whole fortune and person to the Government in the dirk
days in raising regiments and in doing every thing for the protection of
the Government He did his duty thoroughly, and he left life with tbe
idea that, having lived long and honorably, he had provided safely and
[ liberally for his widow and for his family. He was patriotic and large-
i hearted. He had acquire<l much property. He directed that more than
' half of his property should be distributed to the many charities he favored.
I He took one million two or three hundred thousand dollars and dis-
j tributed it among the largest charities in the country and among very
{ worthy iudividusJs. These legacies and these charities all had to be
paid in money by the executors. Not supposing that anything of this
I kind might happen, and that the property he had left might he depre-
I ciated in any way so as to seriously affect his wife, his grandson, and bis
! family, a large amount, two millions of property, he left in this stock,
which he considered a good 6 per cent, investment, for their support.
He left it in trust. All that money has been paid out. The residue of
his property is very largely in this stock. His wife and grandson will
probably depend largely upon this two millions of property that he has
left in telegraph stock for their support, and the executors are to hold
it from year to year. If that is to be in any way depreciated, so that
the property shall be destroyed by any measure of this kind, you can
see how harsh, how severe that is, not to say unkind and ungrateful to
such a man, and how bad the policy is whereby a man who has spent bis
whole life, has lived to an old age andacquir^ property with an idea of
taking care of bis family, without any fault of his own, one year after be
has gone has the whole thing swept away or depreciated to such an ex-
tent as this may be. That is simply an illustration of the wrong that
may be done by careless legislation on these subjects. I do not say that
private rights and private advantages are to stand in the way of great
public measures. I do not say that. That would be very unreasonable^
very un-American, and very shoil; sighted. But I do say that at the
same time you accomplish measures which are for the public good — if
you think they are for the public good — ^it is very easy to take care of
all interests of this kind and to do no wrong to private individuals.
That is the burden of my remarks here on this point.
How would you do this T 1 think the i>olicy of this Govermnent in
regard to railroads and in regard to taking private properfyis very
pronounced. We have a long course of measures in this country where
we take private property for railroads. We have a measure that is con-
sidered perfectly fair, that is at any rate the beat that can be devised
under the circumstances, of having the property valued under the rights
* of eminent domain. We have a right to take property that belongs to
any private individual and devote it to the public good. The re^tric-
STATEMENT OF HExNUY DAY, EXECUTOR. 153
tious are such on that subject, however, that yoa cannot do it under
the Constitution, and certainly cannot do it under legislative authority
in any State in this Union, without the fairest opportunity being given
of valuing that property and taking it at an appraisal which shall be
just. That is to say, justice is at the bottom and is the element that
guides in all directions on this subject. That is simply what I waut
to impress upon the committee. How can it be done! If it must
be done, if this telegraph service, which 1 think can be done better
by private hands, is to be done by the Government, how can it be
donet For my part I firmly believe that you can never do it better
than the Western Union does it. I do not believe anything can be done
on better business principles. I do not believe it can be done more eco-
nomically than the Western Union does it But if you think ecouomy
or the public good demands that the Oovemment should control this
telegraphic service, then it seems to me this course ought to be taken :
The whole telegraph property of the company ought to be taken at its
commercial market value. I do not say to charge any inflated prices.
I do not say to charge the cost, because that would be exceedingly
wrong — to fix ex)st of the thing as it is now. Why would it be wrongt
For the reason that the cost of a thing now and the cost of a thing away
back ten or fifteen years, when they began to experiment with and to
develop this business, are two entirely different things. These tele-
graph companies have put the telegraphs in out-of-the-way places, and
have expended money in the purchase of wires of a kind or instruments
of a kind that did not operate, and you would have the advantage of all
that. The present day has the advantage of all those improvements.
It is not fair to charge it upon the companies that have paid this bill
and have necessarily developed all this knowledge and information, and
say, *' We will take it at what you have paid for it." That is not fair, it
strikes me.
It would not be fair, either, it seems to me, and I should say it would
be almost mean, for the Government simply to put up a few lines between
the great centers and the great capitals and say, "We will freeze you
out, it* we cannot do anything else. We will take the lines where the
money is made, and we will leave you the offshoots and the bi-anches
that ramify off into the fields and into the distant Territories. Where
the money is made between the gre^t capitals, there we will build the
lines, and the Government shall have the advantage of them.'^ I think
that would be a pretty mean measure.
Senator Wilson. Do you think in determining the fair price of
property like the Western Union Telegraph property it would or would
not he right to consider the question as to the amount of personal capi-
tal that went into the development of the property, and the amount of
capital that went in from the receipts of the business, in other words
that furnished by the public t
Mr. Day. That would be fair. That would be eminently right and
fair if you could take the individuals that put their personal property
in and if the property had not changed hands. But with eighty millions
of capital changing every day, the men that bought stock yesterday
are not the men that held it when they first put their money in. You
are doing a wrong. The chairman might have bought yesterday West-
ern Union at 76, might have put half his fortune into the purchase of
it. The personal capital in it and the accumulation from profits, as you
say, might have been decided five years ago, probably would have been
decided five or ten years ago, if you could trace it. The chairman does
not get any advantage by the small amount that was put in or the
\
i
t
154
STATEMENT OF HENBT DAY, EXECUTOR.
profits that have been made upon it. He suffers, notwithstandiDg what
Mr. Jay Gould or somebody else has made in the past. That is the dif-
ficulty. '
Senator Wilson. If the power belongs to Congress to do this thing
which we are now considering, does not the risk that every man taiies
m view of the past exercise of that power become an element in the
investment which he makes?
Mr. Day. There is no doubt of that; but
Senator Wilson. Is not that risk one of the features of the case to
be considered in our resolution of it, as much as the chance that he took
of not having it disturbed at all by Governmental action f
Mr. Day. I know you want to be practical, gentlemen ; you may pot
very nice theories which are not practical.
Senator Wilson. I merely put the matter in this way to draw out
your views.
Mr. Day. As a legal theory, that is coiTect. There is no doubt about
that. But practically no man buys anything in that way. In the case
of all the immense property that is held by corporations in this country,
no man thinks, " This may be taken by Government under the right
of eminent domain, and therefore I ought to look out and not give so
much." It is exactly such a case as this would be: Suppose yon buy a
nice piece of corner property in one of the cities that was wanted for
the terminus of a railroad, and you should give w^hat you considered a
pretty large price for it because you thought it was going to be a very
fine business site. Now the railroad comes along and wants to get that
under the right of eminent domain. They value the property. The
argument on one side is your argument that the value of this property
should not be founded upon its absolute worth now without any likeli-
hood of its having been taken. The railroad says : ^^But the man who
bought it ought to have remembered that this property might be taken
in and should not have given a fancy price for it. He should have re-
membered that this property could be taken out of his hands for rail-
road purposes." You would not hear such an argument as that. It
would not be right and fair, because it is so remote that no one of us,
unless we are wonderfully shrewd and acute, would think of applying
the principle.
Senator Wilson. Is not the principle applied every time that Con-
gress enacts a general bankrupt law?
Mr. Day. I do not think it moves on the principle of the bankrupt
law. It reaches further than that.
Senator Wilson. Every person who enters into a private contract
with another does it theoretically, at leai^^t, in view of the possible exer-
cise of that power by Congress which may terminate that contract at a
very small percentage of the amount due thereon.
Mr. Day. I have seen a great many contracts, but I never drew one
or saw one that was upon that theory — upon the theory that as a man
worth a hundred or two hundred thousand dollars might fail, therefore
he should be charged a very much higher rate than he would ordinarily
be charged. I have never made any such provision as that in a contract
on account of the possibility of a bankrupt law.
Senator Wilson. Still it is an element that enters into every con-
tract, is it not!
Mr. Day. It is so remote that the Government ought not to take ad-
vantage of such a possibility. That is my theory. It is so remote and
so technical that you really cannot do business on that basis.
STATEMENT OP HENRY DAY, EXECUTOR. 155
Senator W1L.SON. Suppose there should 1>e an application of that
principle in a case such as we are now considering. What, in your
judgment, would be the tendency of that upon the development of cor-
porate property in the future out of the i>rofits of the company and not
out of the private capital of the stockholders f ^
Mr. Day. I think in the first place, if such a principle as that was
present before the minds of gentlemen who were thinkiug of going into
corporations, they would say, " I am not going into any such business
as that. I am not going to put my money into any enterprise that may
be subject to the inroads of the Government and the interference of the
Government at any time to sweep it all away. It is so uncertain a
matter that I will not go into if I think everybodj^ would say that,
and that it would tend to break down and destroy all the enterprise in
the country.
Senator Wilson. If in this case that element were not present, do you
think there would have been the demand, whether greater small, now
seeming to exist for interference by the Government in regard to the
busin<ws of telegraphy in this country T In other words, if the parties
had put their personal capital into the development of this business ex-
clusively, instead of the greater or less proportion of it being derived
from the business itself, do you suppose that the same seeming demand
for interference on the part of the Government would have occurred ?
Mr. Day. Perhaps not.
Senator Wilson. If not, what is your judgment as to the effect of
the application in a greater or less degree of that principle in this or
some other case t
Mr. Day. I see no chance of that principle working in anything else
in this country now. I do not think you are going into the iron busi-
ness or the railroad business, although you might do it constitutionally,
you might do it, perhaps, economically, and you might do it just as
well. But I think that all of those principles are, as I have said before,
80 remote and contingent, that parties in business who do not stop to
reason as lawyers or Senators reason, cannot do their business on that
basis. If that were the case they never would do any business, I think.
Senator Maxey. I think your idea is that in the exercise of the right
of eminent domain by the Government the business man looks to the
proximate and not to the remote cause of interference by the Govern-
ment.
Mr. Day. Yes.
Senator Maxey. He simply applies that maxim of the law in his
business transactions T
Mr. Day. Yes, sir.
Senator Wilson. I have been putting my questions because they are
running more or less through not only my mind but the minds of others,
and I want to draw out from you, looking at it from a different stand-
I)oint, your views in regard to the subject.
Mr. Day. The very nice distinctions have not occurred to me as much
as they have to 3'ou, and I may not answer as intelligently as I other-
wise would.
The Chairman. Can you inform us what this stock cost the estate t
Mr. Day. I would not like to misrepresent that in any way.
The CHAIRMAN; Was it bought beiore. the late heavy stock dividends
were declared t
Mr. Day. The governor had a small amount of stock at the time this
change was made — what they call watering of the stock. He bought
the bulk of the stock within a year or a year and a half. He was a
I
t
156 STATEMENT OF HENBT DAY, EXECUTOR.
large dealer. He always made Western Union a subject of investment,
and sometimes boaght a million or two millions of stock at a time when
he considered it very low, and if it got above 100 he wonld always sell it
He always said, " When it is below par I consider it very cheap stock.''
The Chairman. On the whole, it has been a very profitable specula-
tion, has it not t
Mr. Day. I would not like to say at present, for I do not know whether
it has or not. I suppose that the governor has made money oat of
Western Union, as he was a man that made money out of almost every-
thing that he touched. He was a very shrewd and intelligent man in
Lis investments.
1 would like to say a word more: 1 think that one of the bugbears of
this whole matter, and one that has given rise, to a great extent, to this
proposition on the part of the Government to control the telegraph, is
the danger of consolidation. 1 do not wonder that it is a bugbear, hut
I wonld like to make one remark in regard to it The policy seems to
have been, heretofore, that when there came up any rival or any compet-
itor in this business, they would either be bought out or would be leased,
or a combination wonld be made with them — in other words, that they
would be controlled. That has been the policy heretofore. But yon
cau see very well, and we who are in the city know Very well, that that
business is at an end. It is a self-destroying i)olicy. It only induces
people to build more lines, and it swells itself to such dimensions — it had
got to such dimensions now — that if they should attempt to do that
again it would break the whole thing to pieces. It could not possibly
be done. It destroys itself. It simply holds out an inducement for
corporations or people to come forwani and be bought out. The West-
ern Union has got three companies on their hands now. Ck>mpetition
has got to go on. That is the safety of oar country. The Western
Union can never again combine with or control any other companies.
It would not be allowed. It is not allowed by law. You know prob-
ably that to combine with other companies, to buy the stock of other
companies or to lease other companies, is against the law of every
State. It is against the common law of corporations. It cannot be
done except by special legislation. It so happened that in New York
some ten or fifteen years ago, when nobody thought of anything of
this kind, permission was given to unite, which they thought was a
good thing, because it allowed the business to be done cheaper. Tliey
permitted that by special legislation. It is not the case, however as a
rule, in any other {State. I have been trying for a number of years
to get a bill through the legislature of the State of New York to allow
corporations to combine and consolidate. I cannot get it. Money will
not buy it. The gas companies of New York offered $50,000 to anybody
that would j)reseut them a bill for that purjiose. So that the law itself
protects the Government and the citizen in almost all the States against
these combinations, and I have no doubt that that law will be altered
in the State of New York, and that they will not allow that thing any
more. It is destroying the Western Union. It is swelling its capacity
to such dimensions that it cannot stand it any more. Everybody sup-
posed it could not liv'e under the present status of $80,000,000.
The Chaibman. An increase does not look any more impracticable
now than, it did when the stock was at $40,000,000t The present pros-
pect of an increase to $U;0,000,000 is as great, is it not!
Mr. Day. Hl you were on the ground you would see that it is not.
When you get it ui3 to $80,000,000 you cannot enlarge it much more.
The people will not stand it. They have got it now so that you cannot
STATEMENT OF UENBY DAY, EXECUTOR. 157
possibly get more than 6 per cent, ou it. That is the best that can be
done, as you will see. The principle cannot be maintained that every
person or corporation who puts up a few lines of telegraph can be bought
out at double the value of the stock. Of course, that would induce every-
body to go into it. It destroys itself.
The Chairman. Why do you think Western Union stock will not
yield over 6 per cent., when the published statements of the Western
Union Company show that they earned over 9 per cent, last year above
every expense, construction and all T
Mr. Day. That may be. But take the Baltimore and Ohio. We al)
want to be reasonable* What is the effect, if competition can exist — and
I say it must? There must be competition. I say the Baltimore and
Ohio, the Merchants and Bankers', and three or four others never can
be combined with the Western Union. If com])i*tition can exist, that
will take care of the rates. As a matter of economy, the Government
does not need to lift its hand. The business will be reduced to such a
point that it will only be a good paying business. When it is swelled
up to 10 or 15 per cent., competition again brings it down. We know in
this country that every business presenting such opportunities is over-
done. It is shown every day. They are building these telegraph lines
all the time and will reduce the price of telegraphy so that it will neces-
saril}' only be a good paying business. The principle of business as it
has operated in every case will apply here. Competition will bring it
down. I have not the least question about that. I think as a matter
of good legislation that the Western Union had better be left to take
care of itself. Foster the other companies and let the other companies
develop, and it will bring the profits of telegraphing down to the lowest
minimum of living rates. If that is not wise, I think that yon ought to
appoint a commission to take all the telegraph property in the country
in your own hands and manage it. You can do it for one-half the rates
that are charged now. For instance, suppose you issue a hundred mill-
ion or eighty million of three per cent, bonds and buy this property up
at its present market rate. Then you are getting for 3 per cent, the 8
or 9 per cent, that is now earned, and you can of course reduce your
messages 66 per cent., and that is as cheap as you want them. You
will never do it so cheap again. That is an easy way to do justice.
The Chairman^ Suppose it should appear that we could get just as
food a property for $20,000,000 as we would get in this way for
80,000,000 ; do you think it would be our duty to pay $80,000,000 1
Mr. Day. I do. I think that the $60,000,000 you would save you
would take right out of the pockets of men who have spent their
money, of dead men who have gone to their reward and left their es-
tates in the way that Governor Morgan has left his. I think you would
take $1,000,000 away from him^ away from a man who depended upon
justice being done him. I think m the ten thousand cases you would take
it away from widows and orphans. What is it t What is $40,000,000
compared with doing justice and setting an example of truth and honor
and honesty in a Government t It is not anything. It is not worth notice.
I think that every honorable individual member of the Government
ought to say, " Gentlemen, if we are going to do this we will pay the
bill.''
Senator Palmer. I understood you to say that you could show a
way whereby Government control could be exercised without the inva-
sion of private rights.
Mr. Day. I did. I mean just what I have been saying now. If they
do take the property under the right of eminent domain, let them take
M
1 t
I 158 STATEMENT OF HENBY DAY, EXECUTOR.
it at its fair commercial value, at a fair legal rate. I Bay it would be
ju8t to take it as it stands now. I do not think you are obliged to in-
flate it. The property is worth so much in the market. If you pass a
bill now I think it would be just to say, " We take it at it« present mar-
ket rate.''
1 Senator Palmer. That would be a purchase, not regulation or sap^-
vision.
; Mr. Day. If it is to be regulated, then I would let such a company as
the Western Union run it. Regulate the prices and let them get a fair
rate on their money. I do not think it would be objectionable to say,
*^ Gentlemen, you shall have 6 per cent, upon your proi)erty and no
more."
The Chairmman. You think there is going to be a strong competi-
tion, do you not t
Mr. Day. I know there is.
The Chairman. And that is going to hurt the Western Union f
Mr. Day. I know that. That is what I say. I say that competition will
take care of the rates. I know there is going to be competition. I know
the Western Union cannot buy any more. I know the directors and
the president and all the officers. I have got some of the stock. I have
been in it for years and years, and I know they cannot take in any more.
It will break the whole thing down by its own weight.
Senator Palmer. Suppose we should pass an act by which they were
to receive only 6 i)er cent. Do you not think that would be liable to
evasion!
Mr. Day. I do not, because I think the Government could control it
Senator Palmer. Would there not be evasion by the payment of im-
mense salaries and by rebates to particular parties, &c. T
t Mr. Day. Put a clause in your bill to the effect that all those ques-
tions shall be matters of Government control, subject to revision and
subject to examination. There is no difficulty in that matter.
Senator Palmer. You would favor the establishment of a censor-
ship!
Mr. Day. I would. If I was going to have any Government inter-
ference, I would have it thorough. I would have it carried out so that
there would be no evasion. I would have it honorable and honest on
both sides.
Senator Wilson. Do you think yen could, withoul too much trouble,
formulate that i<iea into a bill that we might consider T
Mr. Day. I am a very busy man in my profession, and I am not a
Congressional lawyer. I think I can do it, but I ^ould want a month
for it. I should not want to do anything hastily in this matter. It is
very far-reaching. The truth is that now you are adopting a policy
i that is going to reach through the future history of this Government.
Senator Maxey. Let me refer to a point upon which you have al-
ready touched. Take Texas, the State in which I live; we have there
very stringent laws against one company absorbing comx>eting compa-
nies. I i)re8ume they also have in other States, but I only speak for
my own Stiite.
; Mr. Day. It is the common law in this country. It is not so in Eng-
* land, but it is so in every State in this country.
Senator Maxey. We have a statute which is peremptory in forbid-
ding any competing company to absorb another. That question has
been passed upon by the Supreme Court in the Florida Teh?graph case
80 far as the iuter-feiate commerce and commercial power of the Govern-
ment is concerned. What would prevent the Government of the United
STATEMENT OF HENRT DAY, EXECUTOR. 159
States from passing an act which woald prohibit a company from absorb-
ing competing companies, in other words, making a national statute
which would carry out the object of many of the State statutes in re-
spect of competition?
Mr. Day. If you could bring it under the provisions of the Constitu-
tion in regard to inter-State commerce, I think it might be done, but I
would not advisedly say so.
Senator Maxey. I s{)eak from memory as to the telegraph case in
Florida. I think it goes pretty far that way.
Mr. Day. My view about these eombiuations and consolidations now
is that where one line reaches over into another State, and the organi-
zation is under different States, and you have charters in different
States, that the combination and consolidation permitted in the State
of New York does not reach into other States, and that they can inter-
fere with it and stop it.
Senator Maxey. For exam|)le, suppose the Baltimore and Ohio Cpm-
pany extends its lines, as it is now endeavoring to do, down into my
State. I insist that my State has a perfect right to apply its laws to
that company. But I am speaking of a general statute to cover the
point.
Mr. Day. In the State of New York the special statute authorizes to
companies to combine or one to buy the stock of another; but the
moment you get over into another State they can interfere. I have a
view now with regard to the Western Union consolidations in all of
these cases where they go from State to State, that the States can in-
terfere with them if the stockholders choose to bring the matter up.
It follows from that that the attorney-general of any of those States
can interfere, because corporations are not only the creatures of States,
but they are in a certain sense the agents of States. They get great
powers from the State, and the State has control over them and has a
right to see that they do exactly what the various statutes require and
authorize, and serve the public in the way in which they are authorized
to serve the public. Therefore the attorney-general of any State can
intervene when a corporation is not doing its duty and say, ^^ Either yon
must perform the duties that you were authorized to perform or we
shall take your charter away." There are thousands of ways of pro-
tecting it, gentlemen.
Senator Sawyer. I would like to ask you a question. Do you think
we have the right to fix for the present telegraph companies a maximum
rate that they cannot go beyond? We have done that in our State on
the railroads, and the Supreme Court sustained the action.
Mr. Day. I think so as between State and State; but I am sure yon
would have no right to interfere in States. For instance, the Western
Union, if organized under the laws of the State of New York, would be
governed in the State of New York by those laws. You cannot interfere
with the rates there. There is that reservation.
Senator Wilson. Sup])ose the attorneys-general of the several States
should make that movement and interfere with the consolidations which
have been made ; would not that have an effect on the Western Union
very nearly similar in its nature and extent to that, which interference
here would have!
Mr. Day. I am very much afraid it would. I should not want to buy
any stock under those circumstances.
Senator Wilson. Therefore that i>ower to interfere is a present one
in the case.
i 160 STATEMENT OP HENBT DAT, EXECUTOR.
Mr. Day. That is what I say. It is a present one reserved to the
States themselves.
ISenator Wilson. Then this would not be injecting a new danger into
the case f
Mr. Day. No, sir; I think not. I think the Gk>vemment has a right
of controlling inter-State communications and inter-State commerce.
There is no question about that. They have been constantly increasiDg
their power in that direction, and probably always will have it.
BRIEF
OF ABOUMENT BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON POST-OFFICES AND POST-
BOA DS, UNITED STATES SENATE, FEBBUABY 14, 1884, IN BEHALF OF
THE ESTATE OF EX-QOVEBNOB EDWIN D. MOBGAN.
I shall not base my argument against the building of telegraph hnes
by the Government on legal or constitutional grounds, but on grounds
of policy, economy, and justice to private citizens. I appear as the ex-
ecutor of Edwin D. Morgan, deceased, whose estate is largely interested
in telegraph stocks.
I. The Government ought not to engage in any business enterprise
which can as efficiently be done by citizens. It leads to patronage aud
corruption. It implies an immense array of office-holders and office-
seekers.
II. The building of telegraph lines by the Government is not de-
manded 'by the public good.
(a.) The telegraph service is as nearly perfect now as it can be, and
no one complains.
(h.) The only reason given for the measure is the reduction of price
in telegraphic communication. This has been and is being accomplisbed
every year by construction of new and competing lines. Look at re-
duction of prices in the last ten years, and at the new lines built and
now building. It is no answer to say these will be bought up by the
Western Union. This process of consolidation must stop. It works
the destruction of the absorbing company, by ever stimulating new
lines. It is a self-destroying process, and will go no further.
(o.) New lines will be built as long as the business is profitable. The
same rules of competition which holds in railroad and manufacturing
business does and will hold here, and they are certain to operate in the
reduction of telegraph rates to as low or lower point than the Govern-
ment can afford to do it. Why, then, as far as eocpense is concerned,
should not the telegraph business be allowed to woii itself to fair rates,
like all other business, without Government interference?
If Government does not intervene, nothing will stop the multiplica-
tion of telegraph lines but the want of business for them and inade-
quate remuneration.
{d.) Again, it is contrary to the common law in this country for cor-
porations to consolidate, lease the works, or buy the stock or control
another. It can be done only by special legislation. The Western
Union obtained this special legislation in New York, but in most States
it does not exist, and it can be repealed in all States when the public
demand it.
STATEMENT OP HENBT DAY, EXECUTOR, 161
III. It is not necessaiy for the Government to interfere for the integ-
rity of the poBtaJ service. There is a marked difference between the
postal service and telegraph service. In this country particularly uine-
tenths of the telegraph service is purely abodt business, and mostly
speculative business in stocks and options, and the Government might
safely leave it to be governed by the general rules of business, and re-
lieve itself of a great responsibility, and free itself £rom a source of
political corruption.
• lY. My chief objection to a Government telegraph is that it is a
great injustice to private citizens.
The Government should be the fountain of justice^ the example for all
honor and fairness. If it is fidthless to its obligations and careless of
the rights of its citizens, its influence is only demoralizing. The citi-
jsen regards it as his enemy, and will defend himself by endeavoring to
control legislation by improper methods. The i^justice to the citizen
in this case is apparent.
(a.) The present lines of telegraph have^ been developed while the
(Government stood by and approved and received great benefit from
tiiem. They were at first ezi)eriments : were built when the country
was in need of them ; many as extenaed to distant and out-of the-
way places, depending on a future development of business to render
them profitable. It would be a great wrong to private citizeus now to
destroy all this property. Would it not be almost an act of meanness
now for the Government to buUd telegraph lines on the great routes
and leave aU these non-paying out-of-the-way routes to the existing com-
panies f Can the Government afford to do such acts?
{b.) With equal propriety might the Government own and run iron
works because it is an immense consumer of all kinds of iron, or it
might build railroads to carry its mails. It has never run a stage-
coach or a railroad to carry its mails. It has hired this service. Wliy
should it not hire its telegraph service ^
(c.) The building of telegraph lines would thus destroy millions of
telegraph property belonging to tens of thousands of private citizens,
would ruin enterprises which it has for years fostered. Such a wrong
no Government can afford to do.
Y. Governor Morgan's case is a fair specimen of the wrong which
would be done in thousands of cases.
He and his family, at his decease, owned 20,000 shares of stock of the
Western Union Telegraph Company, and hold it now. The majority of
it was bought at above present prices.
He was for a long time director in this company, and had great con-
fidence in this security, and left a large part of his estate invested in it.
He spent a long, useful, and honor^ life in amassing his fortune. He
used his means and his influence for his country in times of peril. He
was the loyal war governor of New York in our dark days, and pledged
his own fortune to raise means to equip regiments for the field. He died
full of honors, leaving, as he thought, an ample fortune ; so ample that
he distributed in chanties and legacies, outside of his immediate family,
$1,200,000, and left this telegraph stock, in amount about two millions
of dollars, most of it as a trust fund for the support and maintenance
of his family. As his charities and legacies must be paid in cash, all
loss resulting from the depreciation of this stock fall on his family, and
works a great hardship.
This is but one instance out of the thousands of wrongs which will
be done by this measure.
8. Rep. 577, pt. 2 11
162 BTATElCBlfT OP HENBT DAT, EXECTTTOB.
Coald GoTernor Morean liave foreseen such a contiiiKeiicy as tim,
he would bave altered toe whole diapositiDn of his estate.
Is there a pressing need to justify a measure which will work sncli
destmctioa of vala^-destn^ the plans of the dead and the fortunee of
the liring 1
YL If this measure is a neoessity, then it shoold be carried ogt io a
manner so as to do no injustice to present owners of telegraph stock.
The telegraph property in the ooantr; shoold be taken nnder (he
right of eminent donwin, and paid for at the fiiir market and commer-
dal value of the same.
It wonld be giossly ni^taat to take advantage of all the improTt
meats which the telegraph oompanles have developed at great cost in
years past, in building cheap lines between great centers, and leave the
feeble and unprofitable lines to the present oompaniea, and to bear the
risk and burden of all enterprises and improvements heretofore nndei-
taken.
HBNBY DAT,
Saeoutor ami OmmmI iff tt« Brtate <^ Bi,v^% B. Morpan^ (Md.
BBI£F
•.
OF THS
BANKERS MD MERCHAOTS' TELEGRAPH COMPANY.
^•^•""S^ffr-f BXBODTTVB OFFIOBS '-^sSp^nrnt.
OF THB
BANKERS AND MERCHANTS' TELEGRAPH COMPANY,
No. 187 Bboadway,
f:t ISSC AXeJfuSSig^. Nbw Tom, FOruarp 16, 1884.
2b the Ohairmtm and Members of the OommUUe an Poei-Qfficei and Poet-
Boade of the United Staiee BenaU:
OsNTLEMBN: On behalf of the Bankers and Merchants' Telegraph
Oompany, I desire to lay before yon an exhibit of its condition and
prospects, together with a brief statement of its plans and purposes.
We folly appreciate how disastrous it would be for the people and
business of this countary to be left subject to the tyrannical control of
ttie Western Union Telegraph Company. If there was no rescue from
monopoly except by the strong hand of Gtovemment interference, then
such interference would be justified in its origin and welcome in its
results. But we respectfully claim that a telegraph system operated
by the Government ought not to be adopted except as a last resort,
when it clearly appears that the people, who are the sufiTerers firom mo-
nopoly, are unable, of themselves, to obtain reliefl Such relief may be
obtained by means of competing companies.
Of such competing companies, the Bankers and Merchants' Telegraph
Company is the largest, and is, nom its very structure, an anti-mono^y
and i>opular corporation.
It is not an acynnct to a railroad company, nor is its teleffraphio
apparatus of so novel and expensive a kind that it can hope to do busi-
ness only between a few lar^e cities.
It was organized in 1881, oecause the then existing state of things
was too oppressive to be borne, and it has since drawn to itself other
organizations whose charters demanded freedom fronx monopoly, and
consequent independence of Western Union control in any form.
163
' 'J
v\l
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I •?
T
■. i
1
4
1
164 BRIEF OF BANKERS AND MERCHANTS' COMPANY.
There is no danger that this company will merge with the Western
Union. Much of its most valnable property has been acquired on the
express condition that in case it shall cease to do bnsiness as an inde-
pendent company, nncontroUed by those whose interests now lie with
competing corporations, then the right to have or use such property
shall cease. And fiirther, in case of any such merger with Western
Union, the companies now associated as parts of the Bankers and Mer-
diants' Telegraph system would sever their present connection and be
free to continue business as separate organizations.
Kor can it be driven from the field .by a war of rates. Its stock is
wholly free fit>m '^ water''; its property has been bought at fair prices
and paid for in cash. By the excellence of its telegraphic service it has
more than held its own against i^ its competitOTS. As an iUostration
I will merely cite the fact that it transmits more of the dispatches sent
between the New York and Philadelphia Stock exchanges (a service
demanding the highest efficiency) than all other telegraph companies
combined.
It is one of the very few companies whose operators remained in
service during tiie whole of the great telegraphers' strike.
The Bankers and Merchants' Telegraph Company now has in opera-
tion a pole mileage of nearly 5,000 miles, and a wire mileage of over
34,000 miles, and has under contract, now building and to be completed
within a very few months, a ftirther wire mileage of over 30,000 miles.
1 send herewith a map of the United States, showing our telegraph
system, by which it will appear that we shall, within a short time, reach
with our own lines from the great lakes to the Oulf of Mexico, and from
the Atlantic to the Missouri Biver, thus covering all the territory within
which the mass of telegraphic business is done.
We shall also, by contracts with other companies, transmit messages
to localities not as yet covered by our own lines. A favorable contract
has also been made with a cable company for a cable to Europe.
The Bankers and Merchants' Telegraph Company now has open 400
offices, and is rapidly establishing district telegraph companies, giving
ample facilities for collection and delivery of £spatches in large cities.
We have a contract with the United flress Associatimi for the trans-
mission of its news dispatches.
We also have a controlling interest in the United States Teleph<me
Company, which owns the McDonough patents, and in the Commercial
Telegram Company, which owns the Field patents, instruments under
which, for the transmission of stock and produce quotations and g^i-
eral news items, are being adopted as substitutes for those owned by
the Qold and Stock Telegraph Company, and controlled by ttie Western
Union Telegraph Company.
We are ready to enter into a contract with the United States for the
transmission of telegraphic dispatches over our lines upon very reason-
able terms, and we believe that we can perform the service more efficiently
and economically than it could be done by the Government.
Very respectfolly, your obedient servant,
A. W. DDfOCK,
President Bankers a/nd Merchants' Telegraph Company.
TESTIMONY
OF
WALTBB P. PHILLIPS, SSCBETABT AHD OEHERAL KAHAOEB OF
THE UJIITED PHE8S.
February 22/1884.
Walter P. Phillips sworn and examined.
By the Ohatrman :
Qaestion. Have yon any statement yon desire to snbmit to the commit-
tee before we propose any questions f — ^Answer. I have taken the trouble,
Mr. Chairman, to prepare some rather rongh notes on the subject of the
telegraph contracts with the press associations, which I will read. I
shall be very glad to be interrupted at any time, because it is not a con-
tinuous story, and I may throw some additional light on the subject as
I go along.
I do not know what the prospect may be of your passing a postal tele-
graph bill at this session, but I am sure that Congress should recom-
mend to the Western Union Telegraph Company some action contem-
plating the relief of newspapers wMch are debarred from receiving
Associated Press dispatches, and which can be reached by none but
Western Union wires. This end I think could be secured by establish-
ing a uniform rate to the press associations upon a basis similar to that
in vogue in Europe, and which is 25 cents for seventy-flye words in the
day-time, and 25 cents for a hundred words at night for transmission to
a single paper at any point, with 4 cents per hundred words added fot
each and every additional i>aper served in a place. According to tiie
showing made by President Oreen before this committee, the commer-
cial rate in this country, all things being considered, is no higher than
it is abroad, and that being true, I see no reason why the charge for
press service should be any higher than it is abroad. The commercial
rate both here and in Europe is open to everybody, whether he sends
messages to a single i)oint, or a large number of messages to many dif-
ferent places, and it seems to me that it would be an experiment worth
105
i
Hi
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166
TESTIMONY OF W. P. PHILLIPS.
trying for Oongress to disapprove of any contract relations existiDg be-
tween one combination of newspapers and tbe Western Union Tele-
graph Company, which contemplates the placing of another smaller
combination of newspapers at a disadvantage.
The Associated Press people argae that there are too many newspapers
already and that new ones should be discouraged; but if this is a Gov-
ernment by the people and for the people, the same facilities for making
newspapers should be given to one as to another. There is no premium
put upon printing presses, or white paper or type, or labor. A youug
paper can have any or all of these on just as favorable terms as a paper
wMch has been in existence for fifty years, but in the matter of news,
a commodity affecting the interests and purposes of mankind more
closely than any other element cootributiug to newspaper success, the
Associated Press, by a shrewdly-drawn instrument, studiously calculated
to meet its own requirements and operate to the disadvantage of its
rival, builds up a wall around the only telegraph company that can
serve everybody, and makes it impossible for other associations to do
business on a paying basis, except on the lines of such incomplete op-
I>f>sition systems as happen for the time being to be in the field.
I see no reason why the rate adopted by the British Government for
the transmission of press dispatches should not be applied by the West-
ern Union Telegraph Company to the business of the two press asso-
ciations, so far as either may wish to use the Unes of that company,
irresj^ective of the number of points to be served. This rate woidd be
quite as profitable to the Western Union Telegraph Company as those
established by its contract with the Associat^^ Press, and hence the
Western Union would not be likely to object. It would certainly be a
satisfactory arrangement for the United Press, and I see no reason why
the Associated Press should complain unless it desires something far
in excess of a fair field and no favor.
Whatever Congress may ultimately do in reference to the postal tele-
graph, a long time must elapse in any event before the Western Union
system can ever be duplicated. In tbe mean time that company is a
necessity to every patron of the telegraph. The number of its wires,
the variety of its routes, its thoroughness in reaching points to which
competing telegraph lines would find it unprofitable to build, render it
a public necessity.
Mr. Emerson said of Nature that she needs aU men but needs no
man much. The Western Union may need all the patrons it can have
but needs no particular one overmuch. But men need Nature, and so
as telegraph destinies have been ordered in this country for the past
ten years, every newspaper, and every press association is dependent
in some measure on the Western Union Telegraph Company. It is the
only company that can serve all points with press dispatches, and its
system should be as accessible to one press association as to another
without regard to the amount of such patron's business, or whether it
is given in its entirety to the Western Union Company or divided
among a dozen companies. If I only send one commercial telegram
per annum, I get the same rate as if I sent one every day, but when I
ask for a press rate on a business aggregating hundreds of dollars per
week, I am met with the Associated Press contract, which was drawn
quite as much with a view to make it impossible for an opposition press
association to serve its papers decently for anything they can afford to
pay^ as it was to give the Associated Press a rate on an established
business, which brings the average price to each of its papers down to
6j^ cents per one huudred words, as against an average rate of fiilly
TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS. 167
$1 per one hundred words to such of the TJnited Press papers as are
served by the Western Union Telegraph Company. As long as tha(
mischievous contract is in existence, however justly disposed the West-
em Union Telegraph Company may be, it is powerless to do more than
give other press associations the same rate on its entire business, even
if it can go to that length. But the truth is, no plan of working is sa
onerous to a competing press association as the one devised by these
Associated Press people and accepted by the Western Union Telegraph
Compaiiy. It is constructed upon a mileage basis, and while to the
Associated Press it means one-eighth of a cent per word for a '^ drop'^
to as many papers as it may be pleased to serve at Savannah, for in-
stance, to all others it means more than ten times that sum, unless, like
the Associated Press^ they have occasion to serve the same dispatch to
New Orleans. This is only one instance in hundreds that can be cited,
going to show that there is no justice for me or my principals in the
liace of an existing contract which not only secures the Associated
Press a phenomenally low rate, but which at the same time is used as
a standard with which to measure and pass upon the requirements of
another combination of newspapers whose wants are different, whose
number is smaller, and whose territory is less extended.
Q. Have you copies with you of any of your contracts with any of the
telegraph companies T — ^A. I have not them with me, but I am familiar
with the contents of all of them. I can furnish copies of them, or I can
tell you anything that any of them contains,
Q. With what companies have you contracts now! — A. I have a
brief contract with the Western Union Telegraph Company on a small
service west of Pittsburgh, and I have an understanding with the oppo-
sition telegraph companies, which scarcely amounts to a contract at
present. We have agreed with the opposition telegraph companies to
do certain things by their lines provided they can furnish the facilities,
but the opposition companies are pretty weak, and this has been a bad
year for them. The storms in the West and the floods have rendered
them about hors du combat
Q. Do you know the rates that the Western Union Company charge
the other associations T — A. I get my knowledge simply from what I
have read that has come out before this committee in the testimony of
Dr. Oreen and the pamphlet by Mr. Somerville. As I understand it,
they have a rate from the Western Union Telegraph Company which
makes the rate to each individual paper 6^ cents for each hundred
words, on an average. I do not know who devised this contract. I
assume that it was devised by the Associated Press, as I know that it
has always been the idea in the Associated Press office, where I was
employed for many years, that if they could get up some sort of con-
tract that would apply to distance, and base it on the ready-made busi-
ness that they have, it would be a scheme which would bar out every-
body else. For instance, if the Associated Press, having clients from
New Orleans to Washington, get a rate at Richmond of an eighth of a
cent a word, that enables the Associated Press to serve Richmond for
$25 or $30 a week. I get a rate from Boston to Newport, which is 20
or 25 miles, of a cent a word. That is the best I can do. A paper
there that is willing to pay as fair a price for its news as an Associated
Press paper would pay at Richmond gets 250 words a day as against
1,500, 2,000, or probably 2,500 that would go to Richmond.
Q. Your understanding is that the Western Union Company have a
contract with the Associated Press by which they furnish news tothe
papers at 6J cents per hundred words on an average. Over what terri-
J
Ji '*
168
TESTIMONT OF W. P. PHILLIPS.
tory does that extend f — A. I nnderstand that they have a contract of
which that is the result. They make a contract with the Associated
IPress to serve their newspapers on the basis, as I understand, of a qoar-
ter of a cent for 300 mUes, and one-eighth added for every additional 100
miles, and so on out to the terminus, and then to make the ^^ drops" at
an eighth of a cent a word. They of course serve a great many papers
in a place, and when the expense is divided up among all the papers
that are served, that brings the rate down to 6^ cents a hundred words.
That is a very nice contract for the Associated Press, but it is a veiy
bad contract for anybody else, because it does not give them any earthly
chance to get served. As long as they can keep everybody in a condi-
tion where they cannot start, no one can succeed. If the Western Union
Telegraph Gompan}* would trust me for a hundred thousand dollars and
would let me run up a bill for that amount until the end of the year, 1
would have the business pretty evenly divided, because the Associated
Press is not popular, and people only stay in it because they have faith
to believe that the Western Union will not sell out, whereas no matter
how promising other companies may be on the start, it is not usually
very long before they are absorbed by the Western Union.
By Senator Jackson :
Q. Do you understand that there is anything in the contract between
the Western Union and the Aiisociated Press that prohibits the Western
Union from making the same terms with yout — A I do not; but the
trouble about the matter is that the United Press is not prepared to
work under a contract that has been drawn by somebody else. We
would like to work under a contract of our own devising ; but that is all
we can get from the Western Union Telegraph Company. They will
give us a special rate, or, they say, ^^ We will take your entire business
and give you the same rate a« the Associated Press," which is on its face
generous enough. I have no fault to find with them ; but as long as
this contract lasts, it must work just in this way. We cannot compete
with them under it. We cannot send 1,000 words in the day, and 2,000
at night, and live under it. Now, for illustration, the Associated Press
has seven newspapers in Chicago, and I have one. The Western Union
charges nothing on account of the six additional papers. They serve
the place. It costs me as much to serve Chicago as it does them.
Qf Does not that grow out of the fact that you have less patronage
than the Associated Press f — A. Yes, sir ; certainly.
Q. Is that the fault of the Western Union! — A. I don't think it is;
no, sir. It is by no means responsible for the fact that one Press Asso-
ciation is smaller than another ; but if the telegraph companies, or if the
government in England, can afford to treat all newspapers alike, and if
they all get news on the same basis, I see no reason why the Western
Union should not do it, as it would amount to the same thing in dollars
and cents and would be fair to all.
By the Chaibman :
Q. It prevents your company from doing business, except so fsur as
you can do it over opposition lines T — A. Yes, sir ; it does. I cannot
see any future for an opposition press association unless there is an op-
position telegraph company, and even then it is pretty hard work, be-
cause the opposition lines are limited in number of wires. They usually
have one trunk line, and if there is a fire in Syracuse, for instance, it
bums off all the wires they have to the West ; but if you bum the wires
of the Western Union at the same i)oint, they still have communication
V
TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS. 169
with the West by way of Pittsburgh, or by some other roate. They
have facilities with which to overcome every difficulty. As an employ^
of the Western Union I remember working a wire on which Boston was
1,600 miles away on the occasion of a sleet storm in 1875 or 1876, and
which made a circait by way of Montreal and Buffalo and a naml>Br of
points. I was told that it was 1,600 miles long, and that I mast work
it very carefully. Bat opposition companies nnder those circumstances
are of no use whatever, and whenever they go to pieces I have no
alternative but to file my business by the Western Union Telegraph
Company at these high rates, and the result is very paralyzing to my
treasury.
Q. Do you get rates from the opposition telegraph companies that
enable yon to sustain your business f — A. Yes, sir. I do not think any
one would ever do business over an opposition line unless he could do
it cheaper Uian by the Western Union, because the service is never so
good. It cannot be. The organization is always inferior. The West-
em Union is tbe*result of forty years of experience and of brains, and
it is a system as nearly perfect as any system can be. The only griev-
ance I have is that I have no opportunity to use the Western Union on
terms that I think 1 can stand.
Q. Do you say that you can have it on the same terms that any other
press association can have itf — A. On precisely the same terms, if I give
them my entire business, and conform to the terms that are given in the
Associated Press contract. I will not say for sure that I could, but my
impression is that in that case the Western Union Company would
make a duplicate of that contract with any other press association. I
do not think it is a fair contract for application to the needs of any one
except those in whose interest it was drawn. It fits their case, but does
not fit anybody else's case. They took particular pains in drawing it
that it should fit no other case than their own. I heard that contract
talked over for a year before I lefb the Associated Press. I heard them
aay what they were going to do, and what the effect would be. that it
was going to give the Associated Press a practical monopoly of tne news
business, and that they proposed to bulldoze people right and left, and
do just as they pleased after it was made. But the association which I
represent has been going, in one shape or another, for thirteen years
past, and it cannot very well be killed off. It is in better condition to-
day than it ever was before. I do not think there is any possibility for
the Associated Press to kill off those newspapers that it declines to
eerve. They must go on.
Q' To what extent do you use the Western Union lines f — ^A. I use
the Western Union in the day-time west of Pittsburgh to Columbus, Cin-
cinnati, Louisville, Saint Louis, Chicago, and Milwaukee, and then I
distribute west of Chicago to a great many papers in Iowa and Michigan
and Wisconsin and even up into Dakota by the Western Union, for it
is the only line there is in that section. Then there are several wires
leased from the Western Union by newspapers which are clients of the
United Press. The arrangement, however, is between the newspapers
and the telegraph company. The Nashville World leases a wire from
the Western Union between Louisville and l^ashville, and the Iowa
State Leader leases a wire from that company between Chics^go and
Des Moines.
Q. What does it cost you for the use of those lines as compared with
what it costs the other association f Can you give us an approximately
correct idea as to the difference between the prices you pay and the
prices paid by the other association f — A. The other association does
l! >
hrl
170 TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS.
not lease wires fh>ni the Western Union, I believe, except in one or two
cases. The Associated Press proper leases one wire between New York
and Washington. The New England Associated Press leases another
fixmi New York to Boston, bnt that is the extent of the leased wire
system. The papers belonging to the United Press lease wires from
the Western Union to a greater extent than that company leases wires
to the Associated Press.
Q. I understood yon to say in some cases that you mentioned that it
cost yon $1 a hundred words for service where papers of the other
association were served for about 6^ cents a hundred words f — A. Well,
for instance, I serve Detroit, Cleveland, and Toledo, by the Westera
Union. They charge 3 cents a word for those three points, or 1 cent a
word for each. Under the contract that the Associated Press has, tiie
price would be three-eighths of a cent a word for those three ^^ drops,''
but of course there would be a terminal point at the end which would
raise that price somewhat, bnt not anywhere near 3 cents. It might
bring it up to 1 cent. I noticed that Dr. Oreen said -in his testimony
the other day that New Orleans was charged 2^ cents per word and he
gave the South twenty -two ^' drops" at onceighth of a cent a word and
tiie result was that they received 1,500 words for about $1.S^. I pay
for these points I serve west of Pittsburgh more than $1.85 for 1,500
words to each place.
By Senator Jaokson :
Q. I understand you to say you think the Western Union would give
you the same contract that they extend to the Associated Press f — A
Yes, sir.
Q. Then what is your difficulty f Why not make a contract with them
on the same terms and be placed upon the same footing f — ^A. Simply
because I do not need that sort of contract to serve the number of
papers that 1 have to serve, located as they are.
By Senator Palmeb :
Q. In regard to the Associated Press. Their contract with the news-
papers makes them a kind of close corporation, does it not f — A. Yes,
sir.
Q. No new paper can get the franchise without the unanimous consent
of all the other papers who have it f — A. The Associated Press is di-
vided up into several organizations. There is the New England Asso-
ciated Press, the New York State Associated Press, the California As-
sociated Press, the Western Associated Press, and the New York City
Associated Press. Each cue pf those organizations has its own by-laws
and its own officers, and the government of each is different ; but the
general plan of operations contemplates that the local members shall
have control of their own field. For instance,' if a paper applies for the
franchise at Providence, where the Journal already has the franchise, if
the Journal objects, the paper making the application cannot get it.
Q. That is the reason why these franchises are worth, say, $80,000 to
Detroit, and $100,000 to Cincinnati, approximately. I have heard that
a paper was kept alive at Cincinnati, at a loss, for the purpose of selling
the franchise. I do not know whether that is true or not. I am asking
for information. It seemed to me that the operations of the Associated
Press were oppressive, and that it was impossible for a new paper to get
into the field. — A. It is practically impossible. These newspapers iu
the Associated Press not only control the matter in towns and cities but
they often have influence outside of them. I may refer to the case of
the New London Day. It was a very lively paper, and got a circulation
TESTUfONT OP W. P. PHILLIP8. 171
ontside of its own territory until it had quite a following in Hartford*
At the instance of one of the Hartford papers the price was pat ap on
the Day from $30 to, I think, $70. Of coarse that was prohibitory*
They could not stand that and it forced them out. They came to me.
There was no way to serve them except by the Western Union. I went
to one of the Western Union officers and explained the situation, and
he made a very comfortable rate for the Day, which enables me to serve
it with a small report, which costs it exactly the same for 1,100 worda
now that it paid before it was shut out for 10,000 or 11,000.
Q. But the advantage the Associated Press has, is that it was in the
field first, and lias many papers to serve by the same labor that a few
would require. For instance, you say in Chicago it has seven papers f — ^A..
Yes, sir.
Q. It requires the same labor to serve those seven papers that you
would expend on one, is not that so f — ^A. Yes, sir.
Q. Suppose a new paper wanted to go into the field in Chicago, what
would be the process to get the franchise of the Associated Press f — A.
I dont suppose any new paper could get it. There has not been a fran-
chise sold in New York for the last twenty years. When the World,,
which had Jt)een a failing property for a great many years, was sold by
Manton Marble to Scot^ of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Mr. Marble told
me he put it in for just what he considered the Associated Press fran-
chise worth, $250,000.
Q. That would indicate that it is a close corporation among those-
papersf — A. Yes, sir.
Q. • And the Asisociated Press is committed to them so that it cannot
without their consent give facilities to other papers f — A. Yes, sir; that
is the situation.
The Chairman. For all practical purposes, it is exclusive.
Senator Palmer. The Western Union will give the same rates to*
any other association, but others cannot afford to pay them because they
have not the field and the number of papers to supply.
Senator Sawyer. But suppose an individual goes to Chicago and
makes an arrangement to divide with ten men, and then enters into a
contract with the telegraph company f
Senator Palmer. Yes; if he can only find them; but ten men are not
often ready for such an arrangement.
Senator Sawyer. Or even seven men.
By the Chairman :
Q. For all practical purposes, this arrangement results in suppressing^
all enterprise in the way of starting newspapers, does it notf — A. I
think it would if all men were wise; but every once in a while some one^
thinks he can make a newspaper go without the news, and he starts it,
and coaxes us to build out to him, or he coaxes the Western Union to
give him something for what he can afford to pay, and in that way
papers are established. We have one paper, the Boston Olobe, which
is admittedly the second paper in Boston. It has a larger circulatioa
than any paper there except the Herald. It has successively passed
the Transcript, the Traveller, the Advertiser, the Post, and the Journal,,
and has taken the second place.
Q. How do you reach the Olobe f — A. I lease a wire from an opposi-
tion company.
By Senator Palmer :
Q. You supply them with news at a greatly increased expense to them
in ^at way f — A. The service costs Uiem more, according to the dls-
! I f
I j r 172 TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS.
i Pi
f-i
f
»
tance, than it costs any Associated Press paper, bnt that is one of ^
disadvantages of the sitoation. We cannot help that. All our paps
pay a higher price for the news than the Associated Press papers.
Q. Two new papers have been started in Detroit, the Jonmai and tk
Times ; and the News is also outside of the Associated Press. How in
they served f — A. I serve the News and the Times. The Joornal his
never made any application. They are both served by Uie Westen
Union.
Q. That is done, I suppose, at an increase of expense t — A. Oh, jfSL
News comes very high to those papers in Detroit. The Evening l^er;
receives very little, but its tele^ms cost it $60 per week, I think its
proprietor told me, and the service to the Detroit Times mast be donbfe
in cost to that of the Detroit Free Press, which is served by the Am
<ciated Press.
By the Chairman :
Q. Is the news that yon famish free to all papers, or have yon sodk
arrangement by which a paper cannot receive news through your asso^
elation withoat the consent of the other papers 1 — ^A. The entire matter
of ftimishing news to newspapers on the part of the United Press is ^
cretionary with the executive committee. The association is organized
in this way : It appoints a board of directors, consisting of thirteen, aod
that board of directors appoints an execative committee of five, and thil
eommittee passes on all questions. They delegate very large discR^
tionary powers to me, and I act generally for the committee in the mat-
ter of serving papers. That is entirely within the discretion of the com
mittee.
By Senator Jackson :
Q. Gould your association supply all its customers throagh the Weet^
em Union ! — A. Yes, sir. There is no one outside of the Western
Union telegraph system. They go everywhere.
Q. Does not your complaint come down to this : That you are not as
strong as the Associated Press f — A. No, I do not think it does.
By Senator Palmbb :
Q. Ton can get a contract f — ^A. I can get a contract, bat I do not
want it. I did not draw it. It was drawn by people who drew it pur-
posely against the needs of every one who was in competition with thenu
That is all I ever can get. I can get their contract, or I can come in
en a special rate of one-half of the commercial rate in the day-time and
ene-quarter at night — ^that is, one-half and one- quarter of the conmier-
eial extra word rate, which gives me a rate to Chicago of a cent and a
half in the day and three-quarters of a cent at night.
Q. A word ! — ^A. Yes.
By the Ohatbman :
Q. Without opposition lines would it be possible to build ap a com-
petition in that business or would it be possible to make the news free
to any paper that wanted it f — ^A. An opposition press association could
not exist outside of the opposition telegraph companies, if the present
•contract between the Western Union Telegraph Company and the As-
sociated Press were maintained. It would be impossible, lliere are a
hundred and forty-odd papers on my list It seems to me they are en-
titled to some consideration.
Q. Tour association is^operated on a limited scale, and through the
opposition telegraph company so far as you are able to do sof — A. Tea,
■sir.
TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS, 173
^ Q. If those companies should consolidate with the Western Union
^ you would practically have to go out of the business f — A. I would have
^ to take the best rate I could get from the Western Union until some
other opposition company got started. That has been the history of the
^^ United Press and its predecessors. It has been tiirown around from
~ - one opposition telegraph company to another. It never gets itself com-
' 2 fortably situated before there is a sell out or a consolidation, or some-
thing of that kind, and then it takes its patronage to tbe next best place,
— - serves what it can by the opposition companies and gives the rest to the
^ Western Union Telegraph Company at high rates. That is the very
L . IK>int I am after. I want to do what business 1 am compelled to do by
i^ the Western Union Telegraph Company at a rate that I can afford.
^ The result would be that I would keep doing more and more by the
Western Union Telegraph Company until I woul^} do it all there. That
is the only place wh^ some of it can be done at all. It may be in the
future that these opposition telegraph companies will be stronger; but
in the past, compai^ with the Western Union, they have stood in about
the same relation as a splendidly organized railroad like the Pennsyl-
- Tania Railroad stands to a Washington night-liner.
By Senator Sawteb :
Q. If I understand you aright, supposing these contracts with the
Western Union Telegraph Company between here and Chicago were
abrogated, there is nothing to hinder one man out of the seven from
making a contract for the total service, and dividing his news among
the others. They would make the rate to a single man in Chicago at
what it is now, and he might very readily divide with all who wanted
itt— A. They do not generally do that. They would not i>ermit you to
do that. That would come under the head of what they call a special
contract In making a contract of that kind they would expressly
stipulate that the matter should be used for your pai>er only, unless the
contract was different from what they usually are. Usually they bind
you to use the news for your own purposes and for no other.
By Senator Palmeb :
Q. Why do they not make a distinction in vour favor, if you repre-
sent a press association f — ^A. They would if they had the entire busi-
ness of the United Press, which amounts to a hundred and twenty-five
or a hundred and thirty thousand dollars a year. In consideration of
having it alL they would give me the same rate they have given to the
Associated Press.
Q. If Senator Sawyer or I could make a respectable showing of busi-
ness we could get the same contract, could we notf — A. I do not know
whether you could or not.
Q. Is tiiere anything you have seen that would indicate that it could
not be donef — A. No. In regard to the handling of special business all
papers are put on precisely the same basis and footing; but when it
comes to d^ing with associations there does not seem to be any way
of dealing except to plaster the Associated Press contract on to us, which
does not suit us.
Q. What do you think would be the effect upon the telegraph busi-
ness of the country if the Government should establish four trunk lines
to the principal points through the country and put the rates down to
the minimum of cost! — A. I think as far as those four trunk lines went
they would be very useful to the public and to the press; but they would
be even more limited in extent than the lines of tiie present opposition
r'
174
TESmiONT OP W. P. PHUililPS.
telegraph companies, which it is constantly demonstrated are inadequate
to the needs of the public.
Q. The present lines f — A. Tes, sir; the present opposition lines.
Q. Then the Western Union Oompany possibly woald put its rates
down to the Government prices where there was competition and tiien
recoap or get back on rates to points where there is no competition and
where the Oovemment lines did not extend, wonld it not f — A. I do not
know I am sore. I shoald think it would be quite natural for them to
try to make themselves whole in some way. Unless the Oovemment
were to go into the business of building telegraph lines on a very ex-
tended scale I do not think they would make much of an impresfflon
on the Western Union Telegraph Company. The Western Union Com-
pany would go along in its own way. Oovemment lines on a small scale
would be to the Western Union about what these Herdics down on
Pennsylvania avenue are to the street cars. They wouJd both get aO
they wanted to do. There is any quantity of telegraph business to be
transacted in this country. I do not think there has ever been a time
when there were wires enough in existence to handle the commercial,
press, and general telegraphic business between 10 a. m. and 3 p. m.
There is always a block on all the liiies during those hours.
Q. Then you think that no competition the Oovemment could estab-
lish within the next three or four years would materially f^ect the
Western Union f — A. It does not seem to me that it would materially
afifect it.
By theCHATTiMAN;
Q. Aie you at all fieuniliar with the manner of fttmiahing news in coun-
tries where the Oovemment operates the telegraph f — ^A. Yes, sir; I un-
derstand it fairly well.
Q. Ton know how it is in England f — ^A. Tes, sir; any one can baj
the news in England from anywhere. It is not limited. If you publish
a paper in Liverpool and you want Beuter's news you pay for it and get
it; if you want the news of the Central News you pay for it and get it,
and if you want the news of the other association you can have it. Ton
can have all three if you wish. Ton can have whatever yon pay for.
Q. Practically^ it is free to everybody t — ^A. Yes, sir. Here tiie Asso-
ciated Press will not only not serve papers that are not in the combi-
nation, but they will not allow their papers to buy the news of any other
press association. That is one of the chief reasons why it is so <hnbar-
rassing for us and fDr the newspapers. I might have the most import-
ant piece of news in the world in tiie city of Philadelphia. If I have no
morning paper there and give it to one of the Associated Press papers
and it is used, the paper mUl be liable to be expelled from the Associated
Press. In £M^t there is a constant thre^rt that is sent aronnd in tlie fonn
of a circular letter. I did give the Philadelphia Press a copy of CDon-
nelPs execution, as I knew the Associated Press were left on it, and they
published it. I was told afterwards that they got into so mnch troable
about it that they did not want me to send them anything else, although
I made no charge for that and did it as a matter of friendship.
Q. Oenerally speaking, in Europe, under the system of 0<>vdkiiment
control, are you informed on the subject as to whether the news is free,
as it is in England, and whether all persons can take it at a uniform
rate f — ^A. I have no direct information on that point. All the knowl-
edge I have is purely inferential. From what people tell me who come
over here and attempt to do business with opposition press associations.
I judge that news is free there. When they are told that the Associated
TESTIMONY OP W P. PHILLIPS. 175
Press will not permit sach a thing here they are always sorprised,' and
say they cannot conceive how, in a free country, there shonld be sach
a monopoly as this when they have nothing of it on the other side. 1
do not know that there is any similar press monopoly in France or Ger-
many, bat my impression is that nowhere else in tiiie world is there sach
a condition of things as exists in the United States.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Have yon observed that the Associated Press were in the habit of
notiiying papers receiving news from them that they mast not receive
from other associations f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. In whlat form do they give that notice f — A. In the case of the
New York Times recently, which had the temerity to bay a cable news
letter from a cable news company, which did business in oar building,
the manager of the Associated Press notified Mr. Jones, the proprietor
of the Times, that he used the news of the Gable News Company at his
peril.
Q. In what form did he give it f — A. I understand it was a written
notice. The same notice was served on a number of papers throughout
the country, the Chicago Inter-Ocean, the Philadelphia Times, the Chi-
cago Tribune, and the Saint Louis Globe-Democrat, and they all gave
the service up, very much against their inclination, except the Chicago
Tribune. Mr. Medill would not obey, and there was a great deal of
trouble about it, and I think the trouble is not settled yet But the
result of it was that when they had stopped everybody from taking it,
except the Tribune, the expense to the lYibune was so large that tiiey
did not care to assume it for any length of time, and so they were shut
out in that way, and that forced the Cable News Company to go out of
the business.
Q. Have you ever seen any of those notices 1 — ^A. No, sir ; I never
have. All I know about them has been communicated to me by those
to whom Mr. Medill showed the documents in the case. In the case of
the Philadelphia Times I did receive a letter signed by the cashier ot
the paper, in which he said that they had received formal notice from
the Associated Ftess that the use of the news of the Cable News Com-
pany would be no longer permitted, and therefore they were obliged to
discontinue it. I have that letter.
Q. Will you supply a copy of it to the committee f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Have you any other letters of like purport that you can supply to
the committee f — ^A. I do not believe that I have ever saved any of
them. I have received quite a number. I had some negotiations with
Mr. Hutchins, of the Washington Post, who thought it would be a very
nice thing for him to have our news in addition to the Associated Press :
that it would be just the same as so much special matter, and he could
supplement his service. We had considerable correspondence about it.
He was also a purchaser of the cable letter.
Q. Was that the case to which Mr. Simonton referred f — A. No, sir ;
that was a recent case. Our negotiation went on all right for a little
while, but finally he wrote me that he had received a letter from the As-
sociated Press, saying if he used our news he would be forced out of
the Associatea Press. Mr. Hutchins said, ^^ While I have a five years'
contract, and do not believe they can break it if the matter is taken idto
court, I cannot afford to antagonize them, and I will have to give the
matter up, very much to my regret." That is the second time Uiat Mr.
Hutchins has bad trouble. He had trouble once before, and Mr. Simon-
ton mentioned it when he was brought before one of the committees.
!
176
TESTIMONY OF W, P. PHILLIPS.
!
Il
Q. Have yoa stated the names of all tlie papers that oocnr to yoanow
as having received sach notices from the Associated Press t — ^A. I think
the Cleveland Herald and the Saint Paul Pioneer Press were omitted
from the list I jost gave. They comi>osedy I believe, all the clients that
the Gable News Company had.
By the Chaibmai? :
Q. Is that a press association f — A. It was a company organised for
the purpose of bringing over from London a skeletonized letter every
Saturday night, which was transcribed, written oat, and edited on Uiis
side and ma^e into a letter. It was very skillfally and nicely done. It
was published here for a time in the Washington Post, but the Asso-
ciated Press people thought it was a very dangerous thing, and their
cable service being very bs^, and they not knowing of any way to remedy
it, they conceived the idea of squelching the Cable Kews Compaoy
at once, and they did it most effectually.
Q. Do you believe that the matter of furnishing news will ever be any
more free to the people of the country than it is to-day under the exist-
ing order of things ; I mean to say provided the Government keeps its
hands off and takes no interest in it f — A. I do not know. I am hope-
ful that it will, but I do not see that the papers outside of the Associated
Press are any better off now than they were ten years ago. I think
that they are all in the same state of trepidation that they have always
been in lest the telegraph company on which their business is at the
time shall go the way of all the others. There may not be at this time so
much danger of it. The opposition seems to be quite honest ; but it is
to the advantage of the telegraph companies to combine, I think. Every
time there has been a combination of telegraph interests there has been,
I believe, according to the records, a reduction of rates. The telegraph
men seem to lay their heads together and conclude, after they have op-
X)osed each other for a year or two, that there is no use trying to fight
the battle any longer, and that they may as well combine ; and the press
association which happens to be on the opposition line is pretty sore,
through being in arrears or something of that character, to get hart
and be shot out altogether, or if it gets on the Western Union, it is at
a disadvantage.
By Senator Jaokson :
Q. From your own consideration of the subject, what is, in brief, the
remedy you would suggest f — ^A. I think that the telegraph companies
should give a rate similar to the rate given by the British Government,
that is, that they should charge so much for serving a place, and if there
is more than one paper there that they should serve the additional pa-
pers ; and that the rate should be given whether three points were
served or ten ; that it should be so much, and that the rates should be
high enough to pay them for doing the work.
Q. Woidd legislation that would prohibit, discrimination so far as in-
terstate communication was concerned relieve the difficulty f Where
communications extend from one State to another, would Congressionsd
legislation that would forbid the Western Union from making any dis-
criminations whatever, by contract or otherwise, relieve the difficulty f—
A. I should think it would, particularly if the legislation were of the
kind that was fair to the telegraph company.
Q. That is, not fixing the rates at all, but leaving them open f — A. Yes,
sir ; I do not think it ought to be a matter of contract at aU. To show
you how these things work I will give you an illustration. The United
TESTIMONY OF W. P. PHILLIPS. 177
Press Association made a contract with the Mutual Union Telegraph
Company. There was a clause in that contract that if the bill for the
month was not paid before the tenth of the month the telegraph com-
pany coald give notice of the abrogation of the contract. The West- ,
ern Union Telegraph Company leased the lines of the Mutual Union.
Through bad management, I suppose, or carelessness of the United Press
Association this bill was not paid on the 10th, and on the 12th the con-
tract was abrogated. The telegraph company had a perfect right to do
that ; but if the Mutfial Union Telegraph Company had gone on the
contract probably would not have bi»en abrogated, and the money would
have been coaxed out of the concern in some way or other, and it would
have been kept along, jnst as we do business with everybody. We
have to coax our clients to pay np and the telegraph companies have to
coax everybody to pay up. If there were no contracts our status af-
ter the consolidation would have been just as good as it was before the
consolidation. But press associations, particularly opposition press as-
sociations are tied up with contracts which can be abrogated if the as-
sociation gets into hard luck at any time, and it usually gets into hard
luck about the time one telegraph company is selling out to another.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Suppose there should be a regulation by act of Congress to the
effect that all news transmitted for any association by a telegraph com-
pany should be furnished at the same rates to all papers at the different
points reached. What effect, in your judgment, would that have on
your cause of complaint f — A. I think it would give everybody a chance
to live and do business.
Q. What would be your judgment concerning a measure of that kind,
basing your opinion upon your experience in connection with telegraph-
ing and newsf — A. I think the effect would be good. It would put
everybody on the same basis, and newspapers then would be just the
same as the commercial patrons of the telegraph companies are now.
There is no discrimination made. If I send fifty messages a day, and
some other man has a business by which he sends a hundred and fifty,
they do not stop to count the messages. They give me the same rate
that he gets. Perhaps to-morrow or next year or the year after I will
do more business than he does. So with the United Press. If we had
a chance to do half the business that is oflered our business would be
quite as large as the Associated Press in a ver}- short time. ,
Q. To make the case more definite than in my first statement, sup-
pose a regulation should be made by act of Congress requiring the As-
sociated Press having its contract with the Western Union to deliver
messages at the same rates to all newspapers now established in Chi-
cago, or that might hereafter be established, i)utting all papers now
in existence, or those that may come into existence, upon an equal foot-
ing. In your judgment, would that be a safe remedy for the alleged
existing evils, so far as the press and general news is concerned f — A.
No ; the tendency of that, I think, would be for the Associated Press to
serve more of the papers in existence than it now serves, as it would
serve them from compulsion ; but there would still remain this United
Press Association.
Q. Suppose that the regulation shquld be extended to all press asso-
ciations, or all associations for the gathering and transmission of news.
What, in your judgment, would be the effect of such an arrangement on
existing news associations with reference to the collection andtransmis*
Bion of news f — A. I think it would be decidedly beneficial.
S. Eep. 677, pt. 2 12
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178 TESTIMONY OF W. P. PHILLIPS.
Q. Would that, in your jadgment, eliminate the present caoses of
complaint f
The Witness. You are speaking now of the responsibility of the tele-
graph companies and their liabiUty to transmit what is offered, I under-
stand.
Senator Wilson. Certainly ; and press associations being required
to deliver to all newspapers at all the different points sach of their news
as the papers may desire at uniform rates f
A. When you state it in that way I think th^ effect of it would be
bad, for this reason : That it is impossible to deliver the news of aoj
press association at uniform rates.
Senator Jackson. Uniform rates at given points.
Senator Wilson. That is what I am speaking of; the same rate to
every paper in Chicago or Cleveland or Columbus, or any other point;
that the rates should be uniform as to all of the papers published at
any given point.
The Witness. That is practically so now.
Q. Can any paper receive rbe news from the Associated Press nowt~
A. No, sir ; but those that do receive it pay the same price for it, as a
general thing.
By Senator Palmbb :
Q. But Mr. Wilson means to make it compulsory to deliver news to
all the papers, whether they have the Associated Press franchise or
not! — A. The effect of that would be, as I say, to enable a great many
papers that are in the (Jnited Press now to go over to the Associated
Press, and it would leave the opposition press association with a smaller
following than it has now.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Why t — A. Because probably 26 per cent, of the papers that are
members of the United Press would go to the Associated Press if they
would have them ; but they will not have them, and that is the reason
they are not there already.
Q. Why would they go there t — A. Simply because their organization
is larger and has more prestige. It has existed for forty years, and the
people think it is always going to exist and it is better to be with it.
By Senator Palmee :
Q. It has more sources of information and more agents through the
countrj^, has it t — A. I scarcely think it has. I think the news of the
two associations is very well balanced now. I have been in negotiation
with a great many Associated Press papers during the last six months,
and have submitted copies of our reports for examination and compar-
ison, and the return has generally been very favorable indeed.
Q. I understood you to say that the proposition implied by Mr. Wil-
son's question was the one now in vogue in England, and that any
paper could go and demand the news and it would be given all the
news t — A. Yes, sir ; and then they have the option of taSng anybody
else's news that they like.
By the Chairman:
Would not the right of all persons to buy the news at a uniform rate
increase the number of newspapers that are published! Now a person
cannot start a newspaper in Chicago unless this association furnishes
him with news. Suppose your association goes go out of existence,
what would be the effect so far as the starting of newspapers is con-
TESTIMONY OF W. P. PHILLIPS. 179
cernea f — A. I thiuk for the benefit of those who want to start news-
papers it would be a great thing, if any one who conld pay for the
Associated Press dispatches coald have them.
Q. It is about as complete a monopoly now as could be established,
is it notf-^A. I can scarcely conceive of anything that is more of a
monopoly than that is.
Q. You exist simply by taking the papers which cannot get into the
other association f — ^A. Yes, sir.
Q. You are confined to a limited field, because you can only operate
successfully through opposition lines f — ^A. Yes, sir: I am relegated to
that field, and kept there simply because if I coala operate as well as
the other people can I could take away a great many of their customers.
They are in constant correspondence with me. The Associated Press is
not popular. If they could read some of the letters I have on file in my
office ^m their own people they would not sleep nights. But I cannot
get to them with the news. I had a letter thin week from an ex-mem-
ber of Congress who says he would give anything in the world if he
could only get our dispatches ; that the Associated Press had raised
the price, and do not send him what he wants ; that they bull-doze him «
and that he does not like it ; and he asks if I cannot fix it in some way
for the Western Union to deliver our report at the same rate he gives
for the Associated Press report. That is impossible. I cannot do it
By the Chairman :
Q. As I understand it the Associated Press stands in about the same
relation to other press associations that desire to come into the business
as the Western Union stands to other telegraph companies f — A. Yes,
sir.
Q. They have acquired so much strength and power by the great
monopoly which they have built up that other companies cannot start
successfully to compete with them either in one line or the other. Is
not that about the fact f — A. Except as independent facilities are of-
fered. The Associated Press owes its existence to the Western Union
Company and the predecessors of the Western Union Company. It
^never could be what it is but for the telegraph company. Of course it
has always stood on the telegraph company. At some time in its ca-
reer it had partnership relations with the telegraph company as it did
in the formation of the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company ; but that is
a thing of the past, and the Associated Press, for reasons of its own,
is a separate and distinct organization from the Western Union Tele-
graph Company, but it has these contract relations that prevent any
one else from doing business except as they can get telegraph facilities
from other sources than the Western Union.
Q. And those are very precarious f — A. Yes, sir ; very, nnder the most
favorable circumstances. The opposition lines are built in a hurry.
They are built along turnpikes, and they are generally built by contract,
and the result is that one Western Union wire is worth two or three of
the others. Every telegraph company in existence has a wire in my
office, the Postal, the Baltimore and Ohio, the Bankers and Merchants',
and the Western Union. The wire leased by the Philadelphia Call runs
to my office. I think we have never lost the Western Union wire for a
day. The wire was leased last September. The wires of the other
companies we lose with annoying frequency. The other companies are
always in a constant state of building until they sell out. They are
like a bird that is always molting; they are never' in good condition.
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TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. If the news were free to all it would simply be a qnestion of com-
petition between newB associations, woald it not f — ^A. Yes, sir.
Q. And the association that could supply the most and the best news
at the lowest price would be the one that would have the greatest num-
ber of patrons f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Would your association like to undertake on that basis a com-
petitive test with the Associated Press! — A. We should be delighted.
Q. Such an arrangement as that, then, would simply preserve the ele-
ment of competition in the casef — A. That is all it would do.
Q. Whereas, you think the present arrangement eliminates itf — A
Yes, sir.
By Senator Palmeb :
Q. Has the Western Union the exclusive right to run their lines on
any road in the United States f — A. I understand it has.
Q. So that no other line can be put upf — A. That is my understand-
ing of it. Certainly no other lines ever have been put up on a great
many of the railroads occupied by them.
Q. Competing lines are forced to run on the turnpikes f — A. Yes, sir.
I spoke of these lines being built by contract. Of course that, of itseU^
does not mean much of anything. But I will explain the situation.
The telegraph companies in opposition to the Western Union are gen-
erally started by nonprofessionals and they let the work out to be done.
The American Rapid Telegraph Company was built by a firm of bankers
in Boston, Kidder, Peabody & Co., and one of the results is that their
line from New York to Philadelphia is 178 miles long. It runs all over
the State of New Jersey. This line was paid for by the mile, and so the
contractors went everywhere. JLaughter.]
Senator Palmeb. 1 supposed every man in the United States knew
the distance between New York and Philadelphia.
The Witness. When I leased that wire from the Bapid Company I
noticed that the mileage to Washington was considerably more than I
thought it ought to be. I went to the vice-president of the company,
and I asked him how in the world he made the mileage so much. He ^
said : ^^ It is a hundred and seventy -eight miles to Philadelphia." Said
I, " Oh, no ; it is ninety miles.'' He said : " It is a hundred and seventy-
eight by our line," and he convinced me that it was. Now this line be-
ing built in that zigzag way, and being very much longer than it ought
to be, every time it rains the line is very much harder to work, and is
practically useless on that circuit. I work a circuit from New York
to Philadelphia, and to Baltimore and Washington, with Pittsburgh
legged in. A hundred and seventy-eight miles of Bapid wire with half
of the copper covering skinned off of it, and a' rainy day, would use me
up, and the only way I could get my matter out would be to send it
over to the Western CTnion and pay a cent a word for it. That is another
thing I want to get rid of. I want to be able to use the Western Union
on the same terms that others do. In that way they would get more
and more of my business, and there would be some encouragement to
give it to them. But the present contract does not give me any chance
to get relief, and I have not a hundred thousand dollars to fritter away
in making a fight for existence on the Western Union lines.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. What, in your judgment, would be the effect on the income of the
news associations if news was free to all newspapers t — A. I think it
TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS. 181
would have a tendency to increase the revenues for a while, and after
that the price for serving the news would be cheapened as the number
of papers increased.
Q. Yon think, then, as far as concerns the gross revenues of the pres-
ent press associations they would not be reduced by making the news-
free to all papers f — A. No. sir ; I think not.
Q. But by a regulation or that kind the tendency would be ultimately
to reduce the price f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. And maintain the revenue t — ^A. Yes, sir; all press associations,
so far as I know anything about them, are not run for money-making pur-
poses. A press association is merely a combination of newspapers which
club together and agree to pay so much into the treasury to be expended
in gross to purchase what news can be bought for that money.
Q. It enlarges the facilities for collecting uewsf — A. Yes, sir 5 every
newspaper that comes in adds so much net money to be used.
Q. I do not understand that they ever make dividends f — ^A. No, sir;
they do not.
Q. Simply that the revenues are all absorbed for the enlargement of
their facilities in collecting and distributing news f — A. Yes, sir.
By the Chaibman:
Q. How many papers does your association serve f — A. I think there
are about one hundred and fifty. I have a list here. I have not counted
them, but my impression is that is the number.
Q. There are very large sections of the country that you do not reach
at allt — A. That is where the pinch is. We do reach them.
Q. Do you reach any point west of the Missouri River t — A. We go
away up to Dakota. We have the Capital, at Jamestown, Dak. ; the
Leader, at Sioux Falls, Dak. ; the Daily Pioneer at Mandan, and the
Courier, at Watertown. Those are all in Dakota.
Q. Do you get there over the Western Union lines! — A. Yes, sir. v
Q. And you do it by paying a higher rate than the other association
pays? — A. Oh, yes; probably eight or ten times as much.
Q. You could not afford to pay the rate if it was not for the fact that
these are papers that cannot get into the regular association and are
forced to take your news or not get any t — A. That is generally the
case; yes, sir; but I think in many cases up in Dakota these people
have simply become so dissatisfied with what they received from the
Associated Press, so little attention being paid to their needs on account
of their being in such a hopeless minority out there, that they have
come over to us and now take what they can get for what they were
paying before, and although it is much less they pretend to be satisfied.
I see we are to begin serving at Fargo, the Broad Axe, which is a new
paper to be started there. They forwarded their check for payment in
advance.
By Senator JAOSisoN :
Q. Have you any contract or understanding with the papers you
serve that they shall not receive news from any other association than
yours f — A. No, sir ; we impose no obligation or condition on them ex-
cept that they shall pay us for the news and pay for it promptly. We
interfere with them in no way whatever. We help them to everything
that we can. We would get them the Associated Press news in addi-
tion to our own if we could.
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182
TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS.
By Senator Palmer :
Q. Toa stated that any paper in England coald demand and receive
the news from any of the news agencies there on the same terms that
the most favored receive! — A. I cannot state that positively, bat I
understand from snch conversation as I have had with people who
have been in England, that it is just as open a commodity as white paper.
I get this information from people who are in the different press asso-
ciations. Yon can buy where you like.
Q. That was a preliminary question. I wish to ask whether that
state of affairs has grown up as a custom or whether it is the result ol
statute f — A. I think that there never has been any occasion to pass a
law there affecting that matter. 1 think it has always been open.
The GflAiBMAN. The whole system there is under the control of the
Government. •
Senator Palmbb. Then it is a matter of statute.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Is there not a corporation known as the Associated Press, and if
so, how many papers compose it f — A. The Associated Press proper is not
a company. It is not an incorporated organization. It is an associa-
tion of newspapers, the l^ew York Sun, the New York World, the New
York Tribune, the New York Herald^ the New York Journal of Com-
merce, and the New York Express, which is now merged with the Mail,
and which is known as the Mail and Express. Those seven New York
papers compose the Associated Press proper. All these other associa-
tions of which I presume there are at least a dozen in the country, pur-
chase the news from the New York Associated Press laid down in New
York, and make their own arrangements with the telegraph company
for distributing that news wherever they wish to have it sent. Within
the last year or two there was a quarrel between the New York Asso-
ciated Press and the Western Associated Press, and the result of that
has been that the names of the two are dropped, and instead of its be-
ing the Western and the New York it is called the Associated Press. It
is governed by a committee that is appointed ont of the Western Asso-
ciated Press and the New York Associated Press. There are two mem-
bers from each association. I do not know how they get the fifth mem-
ber, but they get him somehow.
Q. The New York Associated Press is still a distinct organization,
is it notf — A. I understand it is; I have never heard to the contrary.
By the Chatbman :
Q. It is composed of the seven New York papers that you men-
tioned f — A. Yes, sir; of the seven that I mentioned.
By Senator Wilson:
Q. And they receive their news from the Associated Press t — ^A. Yea,
sir.
Q. In the adjustment of the cost of news to the papers supplied by
the Associated Press, do those papers get it at less relative rates than
the papers outside of New York f In other words, under this arrange-
ment do or do not the papers outside of New York help pay the news
expense of the seven New York papers composing the New York Asso-
ciated Pre/Ss f — ^A. Oh, yes, sir; very materially.
Q. State what you know concerning that. — A. The Associated Press
is run in this way : The news is concentrated in New York City. That
is the clearinghouse for the news. It is concentrated there at a cost ot
probably $500,000 per annum. That was about the amount when I left
TESTIMONY OF W. P. PHILLIPS. 188
the Associated Press, bat I understaBd it is rather more now. Then
they sell that news to every body that they can, without selling it to
papers that are not members of these subsidiary associated presses, and
having made all the collections that they can throughout the United
States they deduct what they have collected for the week from what the
expenses are, and the deficit is made up by drawing on these seven
New York papers for this amount, one-seventh from each paper. That
is done every week. The New York Associated Press i>eople have al-
ways maintained to their clients outside of New York that it cost them
more to make up the weekly deficit than they collected from any other
seven newspapers. I do not know whether that is true or not. There
is a great deal of doubt expressed on that point by people outside of
the New York Associated Press. I know when I wa^ there that a sum
of money was divided up among the Associated Press papers in New
York, which did not appear on the books; but it was a small sum, and
I think on the whole it is perhaps true that it costs the Associated Press
papers in New York as much at least as it costs the papers anywhere
else. ^
Q. You think it doesf — A. Yes, sir.
Q. And therefore they have no advantage in the cost of news over
papers in other places! — A. No, sir; except in this way: For instance,
the New York Herald wants a great deal of ship news by cable. That
is obtained for the New York Herald and is given to all the papers who
care to use it It is not used much except by the Herald, and yet all
the other papers to which it is furnished have to pay their share for get-
ting these things for the Herald or for the New York papers which they
I do not use themselves. Foreign shipping news outside of the arrival
of ocean steamers is not used much as a general thing.
Q. They all pay their proportion of the cost of news which is used
by certain papers exclusively! — A. That is the result of it. The New
York Associated Press collects from the Western Associated Press
$3,500 a month, we will say. The Western Associated Press pays that
in to the New York Associated Press, and they p^y also for delivering
this news. They make a contract with the Western Union Telegraph
Company to deUver the news to the Western Associated Press. They
have an arrangement among themselves by which they fix the assess-
ments on themselves to meet the expense, the amount of which is sent
to the New York Associated Press monthly, as well as what they have
to pay the telegraph company. They tell all sorts of stories, and it is
pretty ha^rd work to say just what they really do.
Q. You have no exact data tending to throw light upon that sub-
ject!— A. No, sir; I only know in a general way. I have had the
means of knowing, but I never made any notes of their business in any
way.
By Senator Palmeb :
Q. Does the Associated Press have special rates for its ^^ specials,"
or are they all included under one general rate !
The Witness. Do you mean for the specials of the individual papers
belonging to the Associated Press!
Senator Palmeb. For instance, supposing there was a special dis-
patch by the Associated Press to some particular paper, say in Chi-
cago.— A. The Associated Press handles no specials ; whatever the
Associated Press bandies is general matter; what^iver they get for
themselves they give free to all in their conibiuation.
Q. As many drops as there are f — A. Yes, sir ; that does not come
under the head of s|>ecial matter ; what the Associated Press papers^et
184
TESTIMONY OP W. P. PHILLIPS.
in the way of specials over the Western Union Telegraph Company is
at the same rates as are given to all newspapers whether in or ontside
of the Associated Press. The rate on special matter is open to every
newspaper in the country ; bnt there is a discrimination made in the
matter of press associations, and that is the only one that I know of.
By Senator Wilson:
Q. What is the difference between press association ratea and the
rates for specials f — ^A. The special rate is higher as a general thing ; it
is much higher than the Associated Press rate ; the special rate is what
I usually get on my matter.
Q. How much higher is it than the Associated Press rate f — A. The
average special nv^ is about eighty four hundredths of a cent.
Q. Per word t — A. Yes, sir.
By the Ohaibman :
Q. The Associated Press average rate is 6^ cents per hnndred words f
— A. Yes, sir ; and the press association is served in sort of a combina-
tion. There is great economy in serving a number oi papers on a wire;
it can be done cheaper and the news is really not as valaable, becanse
in serving a combination you are always sending something for the
benefit of Buffalo which is of no particular interest to Albany, and that
impairs the use of a great deal of matter contained in this general budget ;
and on account of that and the fact that it can be handled more cheaply,
the rate on it has been hammered down lower and lower until it has
reached the point where it is now 6 j cents per j^nndred words for each
paper. ^
Q. How is the business handled at any point where there are several
papers f Do the telegraph companies furnish a copy of each message
to each paper ! — A. The general arrangement is that where there is
only one paper the telegraph company take it on their own press heads,
as they are called, with pen and ink, and make the delivery. If there
is more than one paper the4)ress association furnishes the manifold and
as many copies are taken as are wanted. The Western Union Telegraph
Company, as far as my experience with it is concerned, has usu^-Uy b€en
willing to make two deliveries, but where there are more than two de-
liveries they expect to be reimbursed for moi'e than that, in my particnlar
case. In the Associated Press it makes no special difference. I presame
the press association furnishes the manifold and if there is any questioa
about the delivery they fix it up with the newspapers amicably, so that
they send for it, or something of that sort. I had a long experience
with the Western Union Company in the Associated Press and I know
how accommodating and nice they are to the Associated Press. They
do everything to make it comfortable. As far as the United Press is
concerned they try to make it comfortable for us too, except that in
extended business I must be measured by the contract they have with
the Associated Press.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Do you know whether or not there is any discrimination on the part
of the Western Union Telegraph Company in the matter of the trans-
mittal of news f — A. No, sir ; I think there is none. I was an operator
in the Western Union and I never could see that anybody was discrim-
inated against. The matter is sent up into the operating room by a reg-
ular system, and sent according to the way the dispatches are put on the
hook. As far as I am able to judge my matter goes just as promptly as
that of anybody else.
TESTIMONY
OF
JOHH VAH HOBHB, VIOB-PBESIDEHT OF THE WB8TB&V UVIOH
TELEGRAPH COMPAVT.
February 23, 1884.
John Van Hobne sworn and examined.
By the Ghaibman:
Qaestiou. Have yon examined a list of qaestions which were snb-
mitted to your office f — Answer. No, sir ; I have not. Those questions
went to Dr. Green. They did not come to me at all.
The Chatbman. In a letter to Dr. Green, I stated that the questions
were submitted in order that the officers of the company might have
time to prepare themselves to answer them, and of course I assumed
that as you were vice-president of the company you would be made
aware of what the questions were.
The Witness. The doctor did not understand it so. He did not com-
municate them to me. He only said he had a list of questions which I
saw afterwards published in the Herald. I have not read them all. I
have looked at them a little this morning. His understanding was that
he was expected to answer those questions, and the officers and clerks
in the various departments were engaged in preparing the information
for him when I left New York.
The Chairman. There are probably a good many of the subjects
that were named upon which you can give us some information from
memory. Where you cannot do that, of course we will not press the
questions, but wait for Mr. Green to give us more complete answers.
The Witness. It seems to me that it would be much better to wait
for accurate information. I can answer very few of those questions ac-
curately. I supposed that I would be required to testify simply in re-
gard to whether the cost of telegraphic correspondence between the
several States and Territories and with foreign countries had been in-
juriously affected by large stock dividends made by the Western Union
Telegraph Company, and by consolidations, &c. ; and also in regard to
press matters.
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186 TESTIMONY OF JOHN VAN HOBNE.
The Ch A TUTSAN. That is what the Committee on Post- Offices and
Post-Boads is directed to ascertain, by sending for persons and papers
if necessary. It involves nearly all the questions that I submitted to
Mr. Green, how much was added to the capital stock of the company,
and what was the value of the property that was acquired.
I The Witness. It would take a long time to get up that informatioD,
I but as much of it as can be gathered between the time the doctor re-
ceived that letter and Monday, when he is to be here, he will, no doubt,
bring with him. That information will be as accurate as the employes
of the company can make it.
Q. Do you know what mileage of poles and wires the Western XJnioQ
Company have now f — ^A. I do not know exactly. I think that the last
report shows 132,000 miles of poles and something like 440,000 miles of
wire.
Q. What I want to ascertain is what proportion of that property is
I owned by the company f — A. That I cannot tell you. That is what the
clerks are working on now to ascertain.
I « Q. In regard to all the questions relating to the extent of the prop-
' erty you would be in the same position f ¥ou cannot answer them f--
li A. I cannot answer accurately.
! Q. I do not ask strictly accurate information, but I want information
approximately correct. — A. I suppose tliat about 40,000 miles of that
wire is in our semi-annual reports reported as kased.
Q. There are over 400,000 miles in all f — A. I think there are 440,000.
The last annual report of the president will show.
Q. Then you think that the company own about 400,000 miles of wire
absolutely free from any joint interest of other parties f — A. IS'o, sir; I
!' say I do not know how much it owns.
The Chatkman. I will not press the question farther. I will ask yon
something about the railroad contracts.
I Q. How many contracts have you with railroad companies f — ^A. I
could not answer that question. I suppose we havefour or five hundred,
We have eight or ten large books full of them. I suppose there are
even more than that. I suppose there are seven or eight hundred of
them altogether, but some of them have expired and others are inopera-
tive from one cause or another.
Q. Can you say what proportion of the business that is done by the
Western Union Company is done under these contracts f — A. All of it
Q. Under contract with the railroad companies f — A. Yes, sir ; in a
greater or less degree, substantially all of it. That is, it is done over
I lines that are on railroads. Nearly all of it is done over lines on rail-
roads. A great many offices are maintained independent of railroads.
Q. Where it is done over lines that are on railroads does it involve a
contract with the railroad company t The Western Union Company, I
I suppose, does the business and has no contract with the railroad com-
pany except where the railroad company either owns part or all of the
line. Is that so t — ^A. A great majority of the contracts are with rail-
road companies that do not own any of the lines.
Q. What is the nature of those contracts t — A. They provide for right
of way. They provide for an interchange of free business ; that is, they
provide for free business for the railroad company on the line of the
road and beyond the line of the road. They provide for the ft^e trans-
portation of the employes of the telegraph company when traveling on
the business of the telegraph company.
Q. That is in return for the right of way T — ^A. Yes, sir; and other
TESTIMONY OF JOHN VAN HOBNE. 187
service. They provide for the transaction of commercial businees at
railway stations.
Q. In the questions which were submitted to your company we asked
that copies of certain contracts 'might be furnished. Have you those
with youf — A. No, sir; I did not suppose that those questions with
to be answered by me at all.
Q. How long a time would it take you to prepare answers to those
questions f — A. I do not know ; I suppose it would take a year or two.
I do not think some of the questions could be answered at all.
Q. The essential part of those questions probably could be answered
within two or three days, could it not f — A. No, sir ; I do not think it
could.
Q. Take one of those railroad contracts, for instance the contract with
the New York Central Bailroad. Do you remember the terms of that
contract f — A. No, sir; I could not give you the terms. It provides for
the right of way.
Q. Do you remember the terms of the contracts with any of the rail-
road companies f — A. I might recall some of them. I do not know that
I have a right to make public a contract with any particular railroad
company without the consent of the railroad company.
Q. As you cannot give us any specific information about these mat-
ters I will come to one or two of the general propositions about which
we wish to get some information. How much actual cash has ever been
paid into the treasury of the Western Union Company for stock f — A,
I cannot tell.
Q. You do not know f — A.* No, sir.
Q. You have no ideaf — ^A. No, sir.
Q. Have you any idea of what the ezx>en8es for operators was during
the last year f — ^A. I do not know what the operating expense was sep-
arately.
Q. You do not know how the sum given in your annual report as the
expenses of the company is divided and classMed f — ^A. I know what it
consists of principally.
Q. You do not know what proportion of it was paid for rentals and
leases t — ^A. That I could not tell ; it is utterly impossible for any man
to carry it in his head. It is something that I have nothing to do with.
It does not belong to my department at all, and if it did I do not be-
lieve I could carry those items in my mind ; therefore it seems to me
that those questions
Q. Of what part of the business have you charge f — A. I have the
electrical bureau in my department, and I have charge of the contracts.
Those are the main things.
The Chaibman. It was my impression that you had charge of the
contracts, and it was for that reason I thought you were a suitable per-
son of whom to inquire about the railroad contracts.
The Witness. I have given you the main features of all these con-
tracts. They are very much alike in that respect. They differ in some
of the details.
The Chaibman. I thought you would be prepared to answer the
questions, particularly as to the part of the business with which you
are charged.
The Witness. I did not know anything about the questions at all
until some time after the doctor had received them. He evidently sup-
posed that those questions were sent to him to answer. I could not
have been here to-day with that information if I had known it.
Q. I believe you have charge of the whole matter of issuing passes or
i §
138
TESTIMONY OP JOHX VAN HOBNE.
franks f — A. Yes, sir ; they are issaed throagh my department ; they are
issaed by a bureau in my department called thefree-meHsage bureau.
Q. Gan you give me an idea of the amount that the franks issued last
year would represent!
The Witness. In money value f
The Chairman. Yes.
A. No, sir; but I suppose it would be somewhere between $700,000
and $1,000,000.
Q. It might be more or less than thatf — A. It would not exceed
$1,000,000, and probably it would not fall short of $700,000. I think it
would be about $1,000,000.
Q. To whom are those fr*anks issued T — A. They are issued to all the
railroad ofBices and the transportation companies.
Q. Is that a part of your agreement with these railroad companies T—
A. Yes, sir ; almost all the business franks are issued to railroad offi-
cials.
Q. What is the consideration for which they are issaed T — A. Free
transportation for our employes on the railroad, and free transportation
of material to be used in the construction and maintenance of the lines.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Is there any limitation in the contracts with regard to the trans:
portation of material for other competing companies I — A. There is in
some of them ; yes, sir.
Q. What is the nature of the limitation f — A. That the railroad com-
pany will not transport material for other telegraph companies at less
than its regular rates, nor distribute it at other than its regular stations.
That is in some contracts, but it is not in all.
Q. Is that the general rule in regard to those contracts, and is the
absence of such limitation merely an exception ? — ^A. I am inclined to
think that it is in the greater number of the contracts.
Q. What was the purpose of the limitation ! — A. We have the exclu-
sive right of way along the roads in most of these contracts. The pai;-
pose was to preserve that right.
Q. Does it have any reference to the prevention of the establish-
ment of competing telegraph lines? — ^A. Yes, sir; the right along the
road would not be worth what we pay for it if it had to be divided be-
tween other companies. «
Q. The same limitation would apply to the transportation or distribu-
tion of material for the construction of telegraph lines off the right of
way f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. In a case of that kind, then, it would be solely for the purpose of
obstructing the construction of competing lines and not for the protec-
tion of the right of way! — A. It would not apply to the construction
of a line off the right of way unless, perhaps, to a line that was con-
structed immediately outside of the railroad company's right of way.
Q. Take a case of that kind ; how would it be then f — A. It would
not prohibit them from carrying material for another company if the
line were to be built on the highway, because they could carry these
poles to the regular stations from which it would be necessary to dis-
tribute them.
Q. Suppose it were practicable to construct a telegraph line along the
line of the right of way of a railroad over which yon had a contract giv-
ing you the right of way for your company, would it not apply to that
case as well as to a line which followed the ordinarily traveled public
road f — A. I do not know that I understand the question.
TESTIMONY OF JOHN VAN HORNE. 189
Q. Suppose it were practicable to constract a telegraph line immedi-
ately outside of the railroad right of way along the entire length of
that road. This limitation wonld apply to a case of that kind as well
as one where the telegraph line followed the public road, would it not f —
A. It would not prohibit a telegraph company from building a line out-
side of the right of way or on the highway either. It only binds the
railroad company to charge its regular rates.
Q. Therefore in a case of that kind the effect would be the obstruc-
tion of competition, solely, would it not T — A. Yes, sir ; it would obstruct
it, but not prohibit it. It would make it more expensive.
Q. It would be an element in the cost of the construction of the
line t — ^A. Yes, sir.
By the Chaibman :
Q. I asked you one or two questions about the matter of passes. The
subject has been changed, but I will refer to it again. What is the
Talue of passes issued to' other than railroad offices f — A. I do not know
as I understand your question. We issue three kinds. One is a busi-
ness pass which is issued under our contracts which require us to fur-
nish passes authorizing the free transmission of messages on the busi-
ness of the various railroad companies and transportation companies
with which we have contracts. We have a half- rate frank which enti
ties the holder to send messages at half rates. We issue those to trans-
portation companies with which we have no reciprocal arrangement,
those like the fast freight lines. Then there is a complimentary frank
which we issue to the leading officers of the railroad companies and to
other people. That is a book containing stamps, and each stamp covers
a message.
Q. Those are complimentary f — A. Those are complimentary.
Q. What is the value of the franks of this kind that you issue an-
nually ? — A. I do not know. The amount is much smaller in value than
that of the business frank.
Q. Are you issuing more now than you have done formerly f — A. I
think the number increases every year.
Q. Has there been an unusually large increase during the last yearf —
A. Not very large, I think.
Q. You do not know the number issued this year as compared with
the number issued last yearf — ^A. No, sir ; we cannot make a compari-
son until the end of the year, because we are issuing them all the time
during the year. I think the number was larger last year than it had
ever ^en.
Q. You do not know the number or the value f — A. No, sir ; the num-
ber would be larger, of course, every year, because we are constantly
making contracts with new roads, and we issue these complimentary
franks to the principal officers of all the roads.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. In your estimate of a million dollars as the value of the free mes-
sages sent, do you include the value of the complimentary franks t — ^A.
No, sir ; I do not.
By the Ohaibman :
Q. You have entire charge of the matter of issuing franks ^ it is all
done through you f — ^A. It all goes through my hands.
The Chairman. I have succeeded in getting but litfle information
from Mr. Van Home. If any other member of the committee can learn
something from him I should be glad to have him try. I have no further
L " ♦
190
TESTIMONY OF JOHN VAN HORNE.
I-
I
questions to ask, as be does not remember anything on the points aboat
which I wish information.
The Witness. It will be understood that the list of questions was not
handed to me, and I knew nothing of it for a day or two.
The Chaibman. It was sent to the president of the Western Union
Company with a statement that the committee desired information from
the officers of his company on those subjects.
The Witness. He thought with me that I was to be questioned in
regard to the effect of consolidations npon the rates.
The Chairman. Well, let us have some information on that subject
I suppose you are prepared to show that these consolidations always
cheapen the rates t
The Witness. I am prepared to show what the fEtcts are.
The Chairman. That is, what you assume to be the fact, is it notT
Have you prepared a statement that you desire to make to the commit-
tee covering this subject f
The Witness. No, sir ; but I have some notes here that I will refer
to. In the first place, I would like to call attention to the flEict that Mr.
Phillips was asked on yesterday whether, in case of competition, the
Western Union Company would not be likely to increase it« rates in the
non-competing territory in order to make up its losses at competing
points. I call your attention to this for the purpose of stating the fact
that, so far as I know and believe, the Western Union Company has not
increased its rates during competition to a single non-competing point
within the past fifteen years. Except in two cases, the Western Union
Company has not increased its standard rates, either during competi-
tion or at any other time anywhere during the past fifteen years.
The Chairman. What are those two cases f
The Witness. I will mention them further along.
The company has restored many of its standard rates after competi-
tion ceased. It has, I believe, in no instance restored all the standard
rates after competition ceased. From 1866, daring which the consolida-
tion of the Western Union with the American and other telegraph com-
panies took place, until October, 1869, the rates charged by the Western
Union Company were either the old rates of the respective companies
or the rates of the several companies added together. These rates were
based on the distances by wire, and varied from 25 cents for the shorter
distances in the East to $19 and $20 for the longest distance. The rates
from New York were then as follows : To Chicago, $2.05 ; to Saint Louis,
$2.55; to SaintTaul, $3.25 ; to Cincinnati, $1.90; to New Orleans, $3.25;
to Oal,vestoii, $5.50; to Indianapolis, $2.10; to Buffalo, 75 cents; to
Washington, 75 cents ; to San Francisco, $7.45 ; to Oregon, $10.20 ; to
points in Washington Territory and British Columbia the rates varied
from $10.20 to $16.
Q. At what time was that ! — A. That was 1866, at the time of the con-
solidation between the Western Union and the American and the United
States Telegraph Companies. At that time oflBces east of New York
found their rate by adding to their rate to New York the rate from New
York to the point in the West. OflBces north of Washington found their
rates to offices South by adding together the rates north and south of
Washington. In like manner offices in the West added together the rate
north and south of Louisville. The rate from a New England office to an
office fn Illinois was made up of the American Company's rate to New
Y'ork, the New York, Albany and Buflt'alo Company's rate from New
York to Buffalo, the old Western Union rate from Buffalo to Chicago,
and the Illinois and Mississippi Company's rate from Chicago to desitna-
TESTIMONY OP JOHN VAN HORNE. 191
tioD. The tariff from Boston to Sprin^eld, 111., for example, was $2.90.
Now it does not exceed 75 cents. On October 1, 1809| the Western
Union Company adopted and pnt into operation a new scale. That was
abont three years after this consolidation took place. In the mean time,
however, the rates had been reduced in various places throughout the
country.
Q. When were the principle i^nductions in the rates made f — A. This
was the first general reduction that embraced the whole country. They
were at work a year or two to devise a system which would embrace the
whole country, and on October 1, 1869, that new system was put into
effect. It was a system of square rates, which cut loose from the old
plan of adding together the rates of the consolidated companies, and
aimed at a uniform system for the whole territory covered by the West-
ern Union's lines.
Q. Have not these reductions all been made at a time when there was
a good deal of competition f — ^A. They have been made at all times.
Q. Were not the largest* reductions made during the time that the
competition existed between the Western Union and the United States,
the Pacific and Atlantic and the Atlantic and Pacific! — A, No reduc-
tions at all were made, or scarcely any I think, during the competition
with the United States.
Q. And none during the competition with the Pacific and Atlantic
and Atlantic and Pacific! — ^A. Some with the Pacific and Atlantic;
quite largely with the Atlantic and Pacific.
Q. Was there not a time when you had a rate of 25 cent8 for all points
east of the Mississippi Biver? — A. That was during competition with
the Atlantic and Pacific.
Q. How long did that rate last t — A. I do not remember. It was only
a few months.
Q. It lasted until after the consolidation! — A. Tes, sir. On October
1, 1869, the Western Union Company adopted and put into operation
a new scale of rates by which a reduction of from 16 to 25 per cent,
was effected. On August 1, 1870, reductions were made by establish-
ing maximum rates in the Western Union territory. In this way the
rates to San Francisco and intermediate places from telegraph ofiices in
the Middle and Eastern States which were higher than $5 were reduced
to that figure, and during the following year $5 was made the maxi-
mum rate for all offices
The Chairman. Mr. Van Home, we have called you here as a witness
to answer certain questions, and not for the purpose of submitting a
statement which you have prepared covering just such points as you
think it may be for the interest of your company to present, to be taken
down by a stenographer and printed at the expense of the Senate. That
is not the object of this examination. I do not think it is worth our
while to have you go any further with this statement. We want in-
formation on certain subjects, and have asked you certain questions.
If you cannot answer them we may as well stop where we are. We
have given the company ample opportunity to be heard before. Mr.
Green, at hip request^ was accorded all the time he asked for; so was
Mr. Evarts, in behalf of the company. Let me ask you one or two more
questions.
Q. When were the American Union and the Atlantic and Pacific Com-
panies consolidated with the Western Union f — ^A. In 1881.
Q. Did those companies at that time reach any temtory in the United
States which was not covered by the Western Union t — A. Yes, sir j I
think they did.
1 'i
t
i •
192 TESTIMONY OF JOHN VAN HOBNE.
Q. Which of those companies reached any territory or occupied uiy
territory which was not occupied by the Western Union t — ^A. I think
they both did.
Q. How much t — A. Not much.
Q. Pra^^tically none t— A. No ; there may have been
Q. If it was of any importance state what it was. — A. I think the
Atlantic and Pacific was on some raili%eds that we were not on.
Q. To any extent t — A. To no very great extent ; they were practi-
cally in the same field.
Q. Did the consolidation of those companies add anything to the fi^
cilities of the Western Union Company f — A. It did ; yes, sir.
Q. What did it add f — A. It added all the wire they broaght in.
Q. The Western Union had not sufficient wire to do the business be-
fore f — A. It needed these wires; most of them.
Q. It could not do the business without them t — A. It could not do
its own basiness and the business that they did very well without them ;
it could not do it so well as with them.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. During the time to which you now refer did the Western Union re-
duce its rates on any part of its line f
The Witness. During competition with the American Union t
Senator Wilson. Yes.
A. No more than it did ordinarily ; not so much as it has done since.
Q. That does not answer my question ; did it reduce its rates ? — ^A.
No, sir ; to no general extent; we are always reducing the rates.
Q. I am speaking distinctly with regard to the business that could
be in any way affected by the wires of these other companies : did the
Western Union Company reduce its rates over any part of its lines that
were brought into competition with these other companies f — A. I think
not, except in the same way that it is doing all the time ; there is
scarcely a month that the Western Union Company does not reduce
rates.
Q. Then am I to understand that the competition of these other com-
panies did not induce the reduction of rates in any respect by the
Western Union f — A. No, sir. The American Union did not reduce
rates. The Atlantic and Pacific did before the pooling arrangement
was made. Before the consolidation with the Atlantic and Pacific,
there had been a pooling arrangement.
Q. When they reduced rates did you meet that reduction t — A. Yes,
sir ; but they did not reduce much. The American Union did not re-
duce rates.
Q. If you reduced at all, why did you reduce f — A. We only reduced
in the way that we are always reducing. We are always doing it.
Senator Wilson. You do not come to my point at all.
The Witness. I am sorry I do not understand it.
Q. You reduced rates to meet their reductions, did you nott — ^A. They
did not make reductions to any great extent. When they made a re-
duction, and we knew what the r^uction was we met it.
Q. You did that for what purpose f — A. To keep hold of the business.
Q. And to induce business to come to you instead of going to them ?*-
A. To keep it from going from us to them. We had it. We already
had the business.
Q. And yet you needed more wire to do the business, and hence con-
solidated in order to get the additional wire t — A. We always need wire.
We never have had enough wire. We haven't enough wire to-day.
TE8TIM01I7 OF JOHN VAN HORNE. 193
By the Ohaibman :
Q. You say you have not enough wire to-day. Could you have con-
structed the wires of the American Union Company at a less cost than
you took them at! — A. We probably could.
Q. Do you know about what the cost of the American Union lines
were! — A. No, sir.
Q. Do you know what their stock was at the time they consolidated f —
A. It was fifteen millions, I believe, altogether, stock and bonds.
Q. Before they consolidated what was the stock of the American
Union ? — A. Ten millions, I think.
Q. And it was taken into the Western Union at whatf — A. Fifteen
millions.
Q. How long was it before it consolidated that it had been made ten
millions f — A. 1 do not know.
The Ohaibman. I think that it can be shown that the cost of that
prox>erty was three millions and it was taken in at twelve millions.
Q. How much less than was paid for the American Union, the At-
lantic and Pacific, and the Mutual Union lines could you have built
them for, in your judgment t — A. If we did not have any trouble about
the right of way and we could go ahead and build them without paying
out any money except for the lines themselves.
Q. You say if you had the right of way. You were occupying the
same ground, and only needed to have put up more wires f — ^A. Not al-
ways. There is a great deal of difference between the same territory
and the same ground.
Q. Did you not have lines to all the places reached by the American
Union and the Atlantic and. Pacific at that timef — A. Yes, sir.
Q. It was a mere question of putting up some more wires, was it
not t — A. W'e could not have put up some of the lines at all that they
built. We could not have got the right of way to do it.
Q. If you had lines already reaching the same places, did you not have
the right of way f— A. No, sir.
Q. How did you reach themt — A. We reached them by different
ways ; sometimes by turnpike and sometimes on the railroad. We might
have had the right of way on one side of the railroad without having
it on the other.
Q. Would you venture to state that the consolidations this company
has made with these other companies has not had the effect of adding
very largely to the cost to the company of sending messages as compared
with what it would have cost if they had not consolidated f — A. I can-
not tell what it would have been. All I know is that rates are lower
to-day than they ever were in the United States.
Q. That may be, and at the same time they are a great deal higher
than they are anywhere else in the world. — A. No, sir ; I do not admit
that.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Were any of the lines with which the Western Union consolidated
paying their expenses prior to such consolidation f — A. I think not, sir ;
in no instance that I know of.
Q. Then what was the inducement to consolidation f — A. The induce-
ment to get their receipts } to get the business that they were doing.
Q. Was it or was it not for the purpose of eliminating competition
firom the business t — A. It was for the purpose of eliminating competi-
tion.
Q. That was the reason why you took in these lines at a g^reater cost
S. Rep. 677, pt 2 13
.it
194 TESTIMONY OP JOHN VAN HORNE.
•J
than would have accraed to yon through the constraction or the raoDiog
of other wires over your own lines f — A. It was more economical to take
them in and work the lines than it was to fight them. Yoa nnderstand
that in taking in a telegraph line at perhaps nine-tenths of the stations
we can ox)erate those wires without any increase of expense, so that all
the receipts at those stations would be clear profit to the Western Union
Company. In a town of two or three thousand inhabitants one oper-
ator can do all the business. If there are three companies there they are
just wasting the money on two ox)erators.
Q. Still, there was the danger of preventing business going from yoa
to the other lines t — A. They did not gain very much in receipts. They
all did about the same amount of business ; they did about a hundred
thousand dollars a montii.
Q. If they did not take any business from you or get business which
would have gone to you but for their existence, then there would have
been no reason why you should have taken them in, would there f — A.
f No, sir.
I Q. So that it comes back to the point I suggested a few moments ago,
that it was for the purpose of eliminating competition f — ^A. Yes, sir.
By the Chairman : ^
Q. Have all these lines that you have acquired by consolidations and
purchases and in other ways been maintained and kept in working or-
der f — A. Substantially so.
Q. What do you mean by that answer f How many of them have
been maintained f — A. We have taken in sixty or seventy thousand
f miles of wire, I suppose, and we have, perhaps, abandoned a thousand
mile« out ot the whole of it. We sometimes remove the lines to the rail-
roads. A great many of these lines are on the highwafTSi and we re-
' move them to the railroads rather than rebuild the lines on the highways
when the lines need rebuilding. The expense would be far greater to
rebuild the lines on the highways than it would be to move the wires
over on to a line of poles that we would have standing adjacent to the
railroad.
Q. Do you wish to be understood as saying that these consolidations
were effected for the purpose of increasing your facilities in any case f—
A. They were effected both for the purpose of increasing the facilities
and for the purpose of getting rid of the expense of competition. Dar-
ing competition the expenses are increased and the receipts are de-
creased always.
Q. These consolidations certainly were not made for the purpose of
increasing your territory, were they f — ^A. Some of them were.
Q. Take, for instance, that of the Atlantic and Pacific f — A. No, sir.
Q. And the American Union f — A. No, sir.
Q. The Mutual Union t — A. No, sir.
. Q. They did not add to your territory at all f — A. But the Southern
Atlantic did, the Pacific and Atlantic did, the American Company did,
and a thousand others did. I do not know that I should say a' thou-
^^ sand, but a large number of others.
Q. Some of those reached the same places with the Western Union
and others did not f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Can you name a single town in the United States of two thousand
inhabitants that the Atlantic and Pacific Company reached, the Ameri-
can Union reached, or the Mutual Union reached, that was not reached
by the Western Union f — A. No, sir ; I cannot. There may have been
such towns.
TESTIMONY OP JOHN VAN HOBNiJ. 1 95
•
Q. You cannot think of any place of any importance whatever f —
A. No, sir ; still, I think they haci quite a number of offices we did not
reach, because their lines were built to a great extent on the high-
ways ; they went through towns that the railroads did not pass through.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. The dividend of your company has been aJt>oot 7 per cent, f — A*
Yes, sir.
By the Ohaibman :
Q. Was it 7 per cent last year f — A. Yes, sup.
Q. You divided 7 per cent, t — A. Yes, sir.
By Senator Wilson:
Q. At the time of the consolidation there was about $15,000,000 of
stock issued, was there f — A. I do not know that I can state it accu-
rately. It was $15,000,000, 1 think, on account of the American Union.
Q. Take the American Union then, as an example, at $15,000,000 of
stock 'y 7 per rmt. of that would be $1,050,000. Do you think that the
matter of receiving 7 per cent, on $15,000,000 stock divided among the
stockholders of the consolidated company, thus amounting to $1,050,000
a y^SLT, had anything to do with effecting that consolidation f — ^A. No,
sir. The American Union was probably doing about $130,00p worth of
business a month at the time of the consolidation ; our expenses were
largely increased ; it wa« supposed that the company could save the
most of that $130,000 or $135,000 a month by this consolidation, and
get rid of the losses that would inevitably result from the extension of
the American Union lines into other territories. We got these receipts,
and we prevented further losses by the extension of their lines.
By the Chairman :
Q. Would it not be equally to your interest in the future, as it has
been in the past, to prevent any deficiency arising in this business f —
A. Oh, yes, of course it would. We are not crushing out these com-
peting companies ; they are crushing themselves o.ut almost always by
reducing the rates below the point which will give them any profit.
We are not on the defensive all the time, but we are not the aggressors
in these competing fights for the business ; we do not cut the rates ; it
is always our competitors who cut the rates, and we follow them; we
scarcely ever do more than just follow them.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Do you believe that such consolidations as have taken place in the
past are calculated to induce the establishment of other lines in order
that similar consolidations may be enforced f — A. It may be so.
Q. What is your judgment about that! — A. I think probably it is.
I am sorry to say that I believe we would have been a great deal better
off if we had not had competition — the rates would have been lower than
they are now, and the facilities would have been more equally dis-
tributed over the whole country.
Q. Then such consolidations in the future, arising from the establish-
ment of competing lines because of the consolidations which have taken
place in the past, will not have a tendency to reduce the rates t
The Witness. Consolidations in the future f
Senator Wilson. Yes.
A. Well. I cannot tell about that.
Q. I unaerstood you to say that if it had not been for this competi*
.
y * I
' I
196
TESTDCOHT OF JOHH YAK HOBHS.
tion and the resaltiDg oonsolidatioDa yonr rates would have heen len
than they areDOwf — A^ Tee, air.
Q. Therefore the teDdencj of a repetitioii of that will be to ineieafie
expenses rather than to rednce them, will it nott — A^ It would have a
tendency to delay the reduction of rates. It is manifest that we lose s
great deal of money when we have to divide a large portion of oar bad-
ness with competing companies. We cannot afford to reduce the rate
as flMt as we woold if we had the whole field to oorselves.
By the Chatrman;
Q. Yoarnet earnings last year were $7,760,000? — A. Yes, aboat that
Q. And the gross receipts abont $19,00(h()00. Do yon think that is
about a fair proportion in consideration or the interests of the people
who send messages and the interests of the Western Union Company!—
A. All tibose receipts were were not for messages. Those receipts em-
braced dividends on stocks held by the company; they also embraced
earnings of .other companies in which the Western Union is interested.
Q. Can yon state how much of it is for messages? — ^A. I can not ex-
actly; I think perhaps $15,000,000 to $16,000,000. Dr. Green can prob-
ably state it more accarately.
The Ghairman. That was one of the qaestions sobmitted to him, so
I will not press it now.
Q. If you had redaced rates to the level of those in other countries,
do you not think it would have had the effect to prevent a great deal
of comx>etition t — ^A. No, sir ; I do not think it would.
Q. Were not the high rates which you kept up a great inducement
to competitors f — A^ We have been reducing rates afi ttte time for the
last fifteen years.
Q. That is not an answer to my question. If you had redaced yonr
rates to the level of those in other countries do you not think it would
have had the effect to prevent a great deal of competition t — ^A. If we
had reduced rates below the point where we could make any money, I
suppose it would.
Q. You have consolidated altogether with how many companies t—
A. I do not know ; I suppose two or three hundred.
Q. Have you ever taken in the property of any company at less than
it would take to replace itf — ^A. I suppose we hav^e taken in a great
many less.
Q. Any of considerable importance t Any of the larger concerns ?»
A. No, sir ; not very large. The old Western Union Company was
made up of a great many smaller companies. There were hundreds of
companies in the United States that did not average 300 miles Of line
each.
Q. Do you not think that a great many of these competing companies
have gone into the competition knowing that they could force the West-
em Union to consolidate with them on enormously profitable terms f^
A. 1 do not think they knew it beforehand, but they probably hoped
they could do it.
Q. The expectation of bein^ able to do so would be a strong induce-
ment for them to build competing lines f — A. Probably. There is money
made in building these lines, perhaps.
TESTIMONY
OF
HOBVDT OBBBV, PBESIDXHT OF THE WBSTEBH UHIOH TELB-
ORAPH COMPAVT.
February 25, 1884.
NoBvm Obeen sworn and examined.
By the Ghaibman :
Question. In order that the persons who have been called upon shoold
be prepiured to answer the qaestions which were sabmitted, I sent to
joa a list of interrogatories with a view of giving them an idea upon
what points we desired to be informed early enough to admit of prep-
aration of answers. I would ask you if you received them. — Answer.
I didf'bnt I did not understand that the committee had determined to
put tliose questions to me interrogatively. The note of the chairman
was to the effect that he submitted a paper containing a list of subjects
on which the committee wanted information. I cannot see how all of
them are pertinent to the inquiry in the resolution, and they certainly
involve a turning out of private transactions and contracts of my com-
pany that I am not authorized to make. They are not in my possession,
either individually or as president; they are on the private files of the
company. I propose, however, to give the committee a good deal of the
informatation called for in those questions, although I am assuming a
good deal of authority in so doing. As to the amount of our property,
as to our telegraph business, as to what we pay to operators, and for
message service^ for line amendment, and all that sort of thing, I pro-
pose to give the committee some information.
The Ghaibman. If there are anj' questions which do not properly
come under the resolution of the Senate, they will not be pressed. But
the resolution is one of considerable scope, and I think nearly all the
questions may be said to come properly under the resolution. . In order
to get the information which the resolution calls for, we would be com-
pelled to ask those questions.
197
It'
198
TESTIMONY OP NORVIN GREEN.
The Witness. I hope the committee will Dot insist npon the prodnc-
lion of oar contracts. In the first place, I am not aothorized to prodace
them. It would be assuming an authority that ought to subject me to
severe rebuke if I were to publish them without the consent of my co-
trustees. As I said, they are not in my possession. In the second
place, it would be improper to publish them without the consent of the
other parties to the contracts. I can readily understand why the other
parties might object. I promised the committee to send our contract
with the Associated Press, and I had a good deal of trouble to get con-
sent to send it. Finally, Mr. Smith, the general agent, said that there
had been so much misrepresentation about the contract that he thought;
I had better send it, and I did so. Of course it has already involved us
in a world of trouble. Every association that imagines that they have
not as favorable terms as others are demanding of us more favorable
terms. To publish our railroad contracts, and thus give every railroad
company a chance to pick out all the favorable points in onr contracts
with every other railroad company, and then insist upon having a con-
tract as good as a combination of all the best points in the contracts
with other companies, would be to perpetrate such a wrong against the
interests of my company as I could not do. The same thing applies in
a great measure to press contracts.
Q. In sending us a copy of your contract with the Associated Press
did you think you were complying with your promise made to the com-
mittee when you were before it t In the contract you sent there is a
provision that former contracts are to remain in force. We know noth-
ing whatever about the former con tracts. — A. That is the only contract
we have with the New York Associated Press. I am willing to state
the general features of that contract, and I do not think you are likely
to ask me any questions that I am not prepared to answer to-day ; but
I am perfectly sure that the Associated Press would not be willing to
have that contract made public.
The Ghaibman. The very portion of the contract which yon object to
making public is probably the very part we would want to know about,
and therefore I do not think that stating the substance within certain
limits would t>e of much use to the committee ; nothing short of the
whole will serve the purposes of the committee.
The Witness. As far as that particular contract is concerned I will
take the matter into consideration and consult the other parties. They
may not object to its production finally, I do not know. There is noth-
ing at all exclusive in it, and there is nothing in it that we have not
b€^ ready and willing to give to every association doin^ the like serv-
ice.
With respect to our new service I wish to say — and that may be con-
sidered as testimony — that every paper that wants reports can get them
on precisely the same terms that any member of the association can get
its reports. There are no two combination services alike. The combi-
nation service of the Western Associated Press embraces perhaps 15,000
words a day, at least five times as much as any other association. It is
compact, with a great number of deliveries. I do not know how many — 25
or 30 drops at least — while the other comoination services have a very
much smaller number of drops over as wide a range of territory and
with very much less service. But as to individual papers, every one
is served at the same price. We have a rate established with the New
York Associated Press for special reports from all points, which we
give to everybody.
TESTIMONY OF^NOBVIN GBEEN. 199
By Senator Wilson :
Q. The twelfth clause of the contract which you furnished the commit-
tee reads as follows :
Nothing iu the stipalations above set forth shall be coDStraed to alter or amend the
original and supplementary contracts entered into between the Western Union Tele-
graph Company and the Western Associated Press, dated January 11, 1867, March 1,
I860, June 7, 1871, and September 21, 1878, respectively, and now in force.
Q. Is there any objection on the part of your company to supplying
the committee with the contracts specified iu this clause of the one you
have already furnished T — A. I will answer that 1 am willing, and will
advocate the supplying of that contract ; but I would not do it without
the consent of my executive committee and of the Western Associated
Press. I have no right to do it.
Senator Wilson. ( )f course it is impossible to understand the force
and effect of this contract without being able to examine the others
mentioned therein.
The Witness. That contract covers all the provisions of the contract
with the New York Associated Press proper. The Western Associated
Press formed a sort of an alliance with the New York Associated Press
for the purpose of jointly getting foreign news, and became a party to
this contract, and they prefer to hold on to their old contract.
The Chairman. The request to be furnished with a copy of those con-
tracts comes clearly within the scope of the resolution of the Senate,
does it not ?
Mr. G. J. M. GwiNN (of counsel for the Western Union Telegraph
Company). We think not.
The Chairman. Let me read you the first clause of this resolution:
That the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads are hereby instructed to in-
quire whether the cost of telegraphic correspondence between the several States and
Territories of the United States, or with foreign countries, has been injuriously af-
fected by large stock dividends made by the Western Union Telegraph Company by
consolidations between different telegraph companies, by working coutraicts with cable
or other companies, by the leasing of connecting or competing lines, or by other
means.
It occurred to me that there could not be any doubt on that subject.
The committee calls for copies of these papers. If they are not fur-
nished, of course it is matter for future consideration.
The Witness. Suppose, Mr. Chairman, you leave that until we come
to it ; or, did you want to make that the nrst question Y
The Chairman. It will be perfectly satisfactory to me to leave it until
we reach it in the regular order. We can take it up as one of the list
of interrogatories.
Q. The first question proposed is, what amount of mileage of poles
and wires is actually owned by the Western Union Company ! — A. I
will answer that, while it would perhaps not be impossible to tell, it
would require a great deal of time and clerical labor to ascertain. Nec-
essarily a large amount of lines classed on our books as lines leased and
controlled are those in which we have a very large ownership. We carry
on the separate organization of leased companies for the purpose of
availing of their franchises by their charters in the several States. We
carry them as leased properties after we have acquired nearly all the
stock, and in all of them we own more or less of the stock. All our
organizations, except the American Union and the Atlantic and Pacific,
were leased. The American Company was leased, the United States
l3ompaiiy was leased, the Southwestern Comuanv was leajsed, but the
200
TESTIMONY OF NOBVIN GREEN.
i'l
stx)ck of those compaDies was so nearly all acqaired — and in some in-
stances every share — that they are now classed as owned lines.
Q. The several companies that yon name maintain an independent
existence to this day Y^A. Yes, sir; they all maintain separate organi-
zations.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Are they the basis of any stock issaed by the Western Union f^
A. They were the basis of the amount of stock agreed to be given for
them at the time they were taken np.
Q. Their original stock, then, is still outstanding Y — A. It is oatstand-
ing, but it belongs to the Western Union Company.
Q. If it is a separate organization from the Western Union, and the
Western Union owns the stock, then it is still outstanding as much as
it would be if it were in the hands of private individuals, is it not Y — A.
I should call it instanding stock ; it has been locked up in our safe a
good many years.
Q. That may show the close connection between the two companies ;
nevertheless, it is outstanding stock of that company leased, is it notY—
A. Yes, sfr.
Mr. GwiNN. It is existing stock.
The Witness. It is existing stock.
Senator Wilson. That is what I mean ; that is, the stock issued by
the company whose lines you leased was not retired Y
The Witness. It is still a live stock, the Western Union Company
being the sole stockholder.
Q. Now my question is, whether the property of the company whose
lines you have so leased or made any arrangement in connection there-
with, forms the basis of any stock issued by the Western Union Y — A
Not at all, except the stock issued for the exchange of that stock.
Q. But still that stock has not been retired, has it Y — A. No ; that
stock has not formed the basis of issuing any additional stock.
Q. But the property represented by that stock does form the basis Y—
A. No, sir ; not of the issue of any additional stock.
Q. Then what was the Western Union stock issued for Y — A. It was
issued for the purchase of that stock.
Q. Exactly ; but it was for the purchase of the property or franchise
of companies still in existence and whose stock is still outstanding Y — ^A.
Yes ; but among our assets in the treasury we have never classed the
stocks of companies thus retired.
Q. "Thus retired;'' what do you mean by that term Y — ^A. Thus taken
up. We considered it retired from public transactions in it.
Q. It has all the functions, however, of corporation stock, has it
notY — A. It has.
Q. It is used in the meetings of the company whose lines you leased Y —
A. It stands on the books as owned by the Western Union Company,
and is represented by proxies issued by the Western Union Company
to vote in annual elections of directors.
Q. For all corporation purposes for which stock is used it is a "live"
stock.— A. Yes, sir.
Q. Ou top of that stock — if I may be allowed to use that expression-
there rests Western Union stock issued in payment for that stock. —
A. Yes, sir.
Q. But the stock is not retired. — A. No, sir.
Q. It still has its functions as the stock of an independent company t —
A. Yes, sir.
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 201
By the GHAiBMAi^ :
Q. Property yoa have acquired in this way is what yoa term leased
property. — A. No ; I say that is the difOicalty of ascertaining precisely
how much property we own.
Q. You mentioned the American Union as one of the leased proper-
ties.— A. I said that is now classed as an owned stock, although there
are about six shares of stock still outstanding. Still we class that
among the owned lines. About (600 outstanding out of (4,000,000
leaves it pretty well an owned line. There are others classed as leased
lines in which we have a majority of the stock. Therefore, the classi-
fication on our books does not represent all that is owned, because we
have a large ownership in the lines classed as leased. With that ex-
planation, our owned lines are substantially 114,000 miles, and those
leased and controlled, 30,000 miles. It is almost impossible to separate
leased from controlled, becaut>e the lines belonging to railroad com-
panies, which, under our contracts with those companies, they turn
over to us for our operation and which we pay for in consideration of
$12,000 or (18,000 a year free service, are as much leased lines as those
for which we pay money rental. There is, perhaps, only one line that
would come within the classification strictly of controlled without con-
sideration, and in that there is an indirect consideration. There is a
line from Kew York to Gape Cod, connecting with the French cable, of
two wires, and it is turned over to our use and operation for mainte-
nance without any fixed consideration applicable to that particular thing.
In other words, as we were to have so much for each word (only S^
cents), they preferred to let us operate their line rather than be at the
expense of operating it themselves, and they turned it over to us. In
like manner, the wires owned are about 149,000 miles.
Q. Wait a moment before you go into that question. You say that
you have 114,000 miles of x>ole lines. — A. Owned lines.
Q. Absolutely your own properties without any joint ownership with
anybody. — A. I have given you an instance where six shares are out-
standing. I say they are substantially our own. There is not enough
aside from our own to affect 500 miles of it. But as all our lines were
originally acquired by lease, and as death and disappearance of persons
leaves a little bit of outstanding stock in a great number of them that
we cannot find owners for, we class them as owned lines.
Q. Can you state that there are none of what you call leased lines in
which you own less that 95 per cent. Y — A. I should think not ; I cannot
state that positively, but I should think there were none in which we
owned less than 95 per cent.
Q. That is, there is no part of that 114,000 miles in which you own less
than 95 per cent Y — ^A. That is my opinion ; I have not noticed any ; of
course I do not keep the books ; they are kept by the auditor, and the
statistics are kept in our electrician's department ; and they have been
pretty careful to class only as owned lines those that were entirely owned
or almost entirely owned. In the Southwestern Telegraph Company,
of which I am president, and my old company, in which my business
commenced, every solitary share was taken up, and then a share apiece
given back to three of us to qualify us as directors. That is the state
of that. And I have given you the American. I think there are a few
shares of United States outstanding, but certainly nothing like 5 per
cent.
Mr. GwiNN. A very few shares of the old Western.
The Witness. A few shares of the old Western that we have dropped
from our list since the Baltimore and Ohio has had possession of it.
202
TESnifOHT OP NOBTDT GREEK
r '
There are a few shares also outstandiDg of the Waahingtxm and 'Sew
Orleans.
Q. Year books woald show exactly what yoa own. — A. Yes, sir; the
books woaid not show what we own in each particular company. It
would take a gpreat deal of work to ascertain what we own in each par-
ticular company.
Q. Now yon may go on with what yon were going to say in regard to
the wires. — A. I was going on to say that with that same explanation,
there stands on our bmks 348,817 miles of wire owned and 82,909 miles
leased and controlled. The proportion of wire not classed as owned is
larger because of the great number of railroad companies which have
their own wires but have no poles — not a great many, but a number.
Some of the largest railroad companies have not a wire belonging to
them, but some of them have wires.
Q. Do you own as large a proportion of the 348,817 miles of wire as
yon own of the poles ! — A. I think much larger, because we have put a
great many wires on the leased lines which we class as oar own ; there-
fore the proportion of ownership of wire is greater. Then in like man-
ner we have a larger ownership, though not so large an ownership on
that class as leas^ and controlled.
Q. Can you tell me how many miles of poles that yoa have stated
the company owns, are duplicated Y
The Witness. You mean two lines on the same ronte.
The Chairman. Two or more lines on the same route.
A. No. I cannot tell you ; I have not examined that question ; it
would be a lengthy one to investigate.
Q. For instance, with reference to the American Union property, did
not that company and the Western Union have many lines along the
same route Y— A. On the same general ronte, but not exactly. They
did not go along any of our railroads, or at least on very few of them.
Q. They reached the same i>oints to a great extent, did they notf—
A. They reached the same large points ; they touched a great many
smaller points that we did not touch, but they went to the principal
points of any range, that is, the larger points on the trunk rontes ; they
were generally on tlie highways.
The Chairman. Perhaps further consideration of that matter would
come in under subsequent questions relating particularly to consolida-
tions, so I will drop that question at this point, unless some other mem-
bers of the committee desire to pursue it further now.
The Witness. That subject was very thoroughly examined^ I will
say to the chairman, in the Hatch and Williams cases, and a great
many of those questions asked me have seemed to me to be in the na-
ture of trying that case over again. The testimony was very elaborate
as to what points were touched, what ownership was had by any of the
parties in the other, and all tliat sort of thing, as affecting the legality
of the contract, which was finally passed upon by the court of appeals
of the State of New York. That case involved the contracts with the
Atlantic and Pacific and with the American Union.
Q. How many miles of poles and wire do you operate under contracts
other than leases ? — A. That embraces it all. The wires leased and
controlleil are sdl that we operate that we do not own. My answer has
Qovered all that. The only wires that we operate, under contracts that I
can recall, are these wires to the French cable and the railroad lines,
which I have explained that in my judgment are just as much leaseil
lines as any other lines, because we pay a consideration for them though
wo pay it in service and not in money.
TE8TIM0NT OF KORVIN GREEN. 203
Q. This 82,909 miles of wire incladcs ail the railroad lines. — A. All
that we operate^ yes.
Q. Orover which yoQ do any basiness. — A. Over which we doauy busi-
ness. If the chairman will notice, the fhll amount is stated in my annual
report. These answers apply to the 30th of June last. We have not
made up any tabulated statement since. I have been in the habit of
speaking of our lines as 150,000 miles of line and 450,000 miles of wire.
They are undoubtedly all of that now, but they were stated on the 1st
of July last at 144,204 miles of line and 432,726 miles of wire.
Q. The next question is what amount you pay for rentals of these
lines. — A. I have separated that for the purposes of the committee in
considering this question, as I supposed they would prefer to have the
telegraph and land lines proper stated separately. The annual amount
paid for the last year — and it was a larger amount than ever paid for
any previous year — was $528,293.12 for line rentals, and that did not
embrace $700,000 paid for the rent of the two Atlantic cables; $216,000
was paid on an outstanding stock for the rent of the Gold and Stock
Telegraph Company, which is not a telegraph company; it does not
have any lines to send messages over; it does a commercial news
and quotation business ; $85,000 was paid on outstanding stock in the
Cuba cable. If the Government should entertain the idea of the ac-
quisition of our property, it would probably not want either the cable
properties or the Gold and Stock business. I have therefore stated
them separately.
Q. State the amount and character of considerations other than cash
which you paid for the same year for leased lines. — A. The only other
consideration is telegraph service to the railroads.
Q. Can you state what the value of that service wasY — A. I cannot
state exactly its value, but I can give its appro^^imate value. This will
also answer another question which has bc^n asked me. The amount
of service classed as free service, which has been done over our lines
during the last fiscal year, was 1,689,306 messages, of which I should
say that at least 1,400 were sent for railroad companies under our
contracts. The only parties having a frank to do all tiieir business free
over our lines are the directors.
Q. Does this 1,689,306 include all the dead-head messages Y — ^A. All
the messages that were sent wiUiout being paid for.
Q. By railroad companies. — A. By railroad companies.
Q. And complimentary. — A. I would say that seven-eighths of them
were railroad messages. I was going on to say that we do not separate
this free service; all the messages sent without collecting tolls nx>on
them are classed as free. The only service done absolutely free is on a
class of complimentary franks given to most of the leading officers of
railroads and others, and covers only their family and social messages.
The only franks covering all business are to members of the board of
directors. The railroad service is not a free service : we get a consider-
ation for it, and, in fact, not all of this I have stated is without consid-
eration. This is the whole amount of messages sent without collection
of tolls; but in most of our railroad contracts there is a limit to the
amount of free service to which they are entitled, and the excess is paid
for at half rates. So that a great many of these 1,689,306 messages are
the excess above the allowance to the railroads, and have therefore
been collected at half rates.
Q. The vice-president of your company stated that the value of the
service to the railroad companies was over $700,000, between that and
204
TESTIMONY OP NOBVIN GREEN>
$1,000,000. — A. I haven't it in money. I have stated it in messages.
I think yoar qaestion asked for messages.
The Chairman. The qaestion is with reference to the amonnt and
character of consideration ; that is the way the qaestion was pat.
The Witness. Yoa had another qaestion, I think, as to how manj
messages were sent free.
The Gh AIRMAN. What number of instrnments do yoa own Y — ^A. I did
not get the exact data, bat I got it last fall and testified to it before ti^e
labor committee. My recollection is that it was 25,550 on the first of
Jnly last.
Q. Those are strictly and absolntely yoar own projierty. — ^A. These
are oar own property ; yes. Nearly all the railroads operate oar iastra-
ments. Judge Gaton, horn whom we leased the Illinois and Mississippi
Telegraph Gompany, had a contract with the Illinois Gentral and a few
other railroads, by which they had to famish their own instruments;
there are therefore a few instances in which the railroad companies
furnished their own instruments.
Q. These 25,550 instruments are all in actual use. — A. All in actual
use.
Q. Gan you state what number of instruments are used which are not
owned by the company t
The Witness. The number of instruments we have the use of not
owned by the comi)any f
The Ghaibman. Yes ; in connection with lines you have leased or
made any arrangement with. — A. No, sir ; I cannot. That recalls some-
thing to me that did not occur to me before. It is probable — ^in fact I
am quite certain — that some of these instruments were on leased lines,
and might properly be classed with the properties. We have not sep-
arated them.
Tlie Ghaibman. I made my question very explicit, to cover only the
instruments of which you had exclusive ownership.
The Witness. It ^id not occur to me that those lines had instruments
on them, and therefore that some of the recently leased lines with instra-
ments are embraced. As to the older lines taken up, I am sure there is
not one instrument left. The instruments are constantly being so im-
proved that about every ten years we have a new set.
The Ghaibman. You do not know how many are owned in connection
with the leased properties.
The Witness. I would say that we own more than the proportion
that the wire bears, because we own nearly all the railroad instruments.
All that are used by railroads on their lines belong to us. So that there
would not be as large a proportion of instruments on any of these leased
lines as there is of wire, or anything like it.
Q. Gan yon state how many offices you have, operated by your own
employes Y — A. I got up that data a year and a half ago, but I havent
it now. The total number of offices was 12,917.
Q. That is the total number of offices, both those owned by the com-
pany and belonging to all the leased lines. — A. The total number of
offices at which we take messages.
Q. Gan you state how many of these offices are operated by your own
employes ! — A. In 1881, as some of you may know, I tendered my resig-
nation, and made a little summing up of some things that were not
stated in the annual reports. Then, out of 12,068 offices — that was at
the close of 1882 — there were being operated by railroads, without any
direct money cost to the company, about 8^912 ^ I think I stated it in
TESTIMOMT OF NOBVIN GREEN. 205
my remarks at O^OOO, but my recollection is that it was aboat 8,912 ;
leaving the company about 3,156 that were operated directly.
Q. What is the number of employes required to operate those offices?
— A. I cannot answer that question.
Q. Can yon not tell the number of employes on your books Y — ^A. I
can state, but not today.
Q. You cannot inform us about the number of i>erson8 you employ to
operate these lines Y — A. I cannot exactly.
Q. Can you tell how many the offices will average Y — A. That is very
variable. I presume there is no office operated by the company that
has not more than one employ^, and very few have so small a number
as that, because they are mostly on railroads and in small offices taken
care of by the railroads ; there are a great many offices that employ sev-
eral hundred. I have no objection to getting that data as near as I
can, but my auditor told me that it would take a great while to ascer-
tain it. We do not pay them from the general office ; they are paid at
each particular office, and we would have to go through all the reports
to see how many men were on the pay-rolls.
Q. Have you not tabulated statements in your office from which yon
can give that information Y — A. We never have had tabulated state-
ments of 1^1 the employes. Every office is a sort of separate subor-
ganization, makes its reports monthly, and the amounts paid to the
oi>erator8 are carried forward.
Q. Can you state how much it costs yon for rent of offices t — ^A. Yes.
Have you asked me how much we paid to operators Y ^
The Chairman. Yes; I think you stated that.
The Witness. You have not asked me that question before.
The Chaibman. That comes later, I find.
The Witness. The committee asked for our annual reports since
1865. 1 would say to the committee that we made no annual report,
except one in 1869, of which 1 was unable to find a copy^ until 1873. I
can furnish from 1873 to 1883 inclusive.
The Chaibman. You have passed over a very interesting i)eriod
without any reports.
The Witness. There was no printed report made at all until one
was made in 1869, of which I am unable to find a copy. It was a volu-
minous rei>ort. contained a great deal of matter, and was made up by
three or four different parties in our office. Mr. Orton was president.
It was a great deal laughed at by very many of our people. Mr. Mac-
Alpine made part of it, the auditor made part of it, and the treasurer
made part of it, and when it was put together it did not fit in all places.
Mr. Gabdineb G. Hubbabd. I can furnish a copy to the committee,
if they would like it.
The Witness. We have not a copy in our office.
Mr. Hubbabd. I think I have two copies.
The Chaibman. We may as well adhere to the line of examination.
Now as to the rent of offices.
The Witness. You have jumx>ed over the salary question again. You
ask me now what we paid for rent of lines.
The Chaibman. No, for rent of offices.— A. Three hundred and
ninety* two thousand, eight hundred and thirtv-one dollars and one cent.
Q. Th&t is correct for the rent of offices f — A. Yes. sir; and there
should be added to it at least (100,000 for the rent for tne main office in
New York, which we own.
Q. Do you own any other office than thatt — A. We owned last year
an office in Buffalo and one in Philadelphia.
206
TESTDIONT OP XORVIN GREEN.
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Q. What did yoQ say was the amount of rent paidf — ^A. The rent ve
paid was $392,831.01.
Q. That is for the 3,156 offices t — ^A. Yes ; a great many of them ve
do not pay any rent for. There is some exception to that. A part of
this free business was given to hotels for office rent. We very geDer-
ally gave hotels free telegraphing, on business of the house, for an
office, and that should qualify my other answer. There are a great
many things to think of here, but that is all the money rent we paid. I
should think at least tl40,000 should be added to that as the value oi
rents of that part of the property which we use and own.
Q. What patents do you now own f
Mr. Gabdineb G. Hubbabd. I would like to ask Dr. Oreen one ques-
tion before proceeding to the next question.
The Witness. Mr. Chairman, I must protest against being cross-
examined by parties whose only object is to destroy the valne of oar
property. The misrepresentations of the gentleman who proposes to
ask me questions have been so gross as to do great injustice. I cannot
see the justice of having to sit here and be cross-examined by persons
whose only interest and aim seems to be to destroy the value of our
property. There is another man here that has been pursuing us for
years with all sorts of annoying litigations. He is present at all the
litigations we have, and his only aim seems to be to give us trouble. I
think he has boasted of how much trouble he has given us, and how
much exx)ense he has put us to. I do not think that it is fkir treatment
to set that sort of element on me.
The Chaibman. If any question is asked which is not proper, yoa
have the right to object. It should not make any difference as to whom
the question proposed came from. Mr. Hubbard has made a special
study of these matters.
The Witness. I should prefer that Mr. Hubbard should not ques-
tion me directly, but should hand his questions to the chairman, and
let him decide whether to put them or not.
. The Ghaibman. He has given these matters much study, and has
given us the benefit of his information. Mr. Hubbard will submit his
question through a member of the committee. [To Mr. Hubbard.] Do
you want to submit it now Y
Mr. Hubbabd. I will not press it at present. However, I would like
to ask Mr. Green one question : Whether I have in any manner done
anything that he is aware of that has tended to destroy the value of
his property t
The Witness. I think you have very much misrepresented its valne.
Mr. Hubbabd. In what respect Y
The Witness. In your paper and in your speech; and you have mis-
represented facts, too. I cannot go over them now, but I can tell yon
if you want me to.
Mr. Hubbabd. I stated in my speech that I was not certain of all the
facts recited to the committee, and that I desired the committee to call
ui>on the parties so that they might have an opportunity to correct me
if necessary. It is not my intention, as you well know, to misrepresent
anything connected with your company or any other.
The Ghaibman. We will ask Dr. Green, before we get through, if he
can make any corrections or suggestions in what you stated.
The Witness. I have not Mr. Hubbuxl's speech before me, and I can-
not go over everything at once, but I will do so at the proper time or as
soon as I can.
TESTIMONY OP NOBVIN GREEN. 207
By the Ohaibman:
Q. Now, as to patents; what have yoa to say on that subject Y — A. I
can only answer that the company owns seveiul hundred patents and
may be several thousand ; I cannot tell. A great many of them have
not been looked at or listed for s6me time. We have a patent bureau,
and the head of that bureau told me it would take him a great while to
get up a list of the patent^s.
Q. How many patents have you that are still in existence on which
the time has not expired and which you consider of value T — ^A. A great
many of them are of value, Mr. Chairman ; I could not answer that
question. You see when you take such a subject as the quadrnplex,
each particular man that gets out a quadruplex comes and sells us his
patent. When we come to look at it we find that he has got fifteen or
twenty patents covering various devices. I am not very familiar with
patent work, but it has always seemed astonishing to me how many
patents these men have to get to cover one general instrument.
Q. Do you own the quadruplex patents Y — A. I think we do. That is
one question in litigation that has not been finally determined, and about
which we have had a great many suits. But 1 think we own the con-
trolling quadruplex patents. That is my judgment and the judgment
of our counsel.
Q. Can you give us any information as to what the patents which you
think are valuable have cost the company Y — A. I cannot at present.
Nor does that seem to me to have any relation to their present value,
since some patents that we were offered a few years ago at a very low
price have got to be worth millions. The most of our patents are cer-
tainly worth a great deal more to us than they would be to anybody else.
I suppose our gold and stock department must have three or four hun-
dred patents covering their quotation devices. They are immensely
valuable, because they are upon what does most of the profitable busi-
ness of that kind. There are a great many quadruplexes, claimed to be,
that have been patented that we do not own, but we think they are
infringements. That is a question of law. There are a great many
patents for quadruplexes that we have not bought; but we have bought
a great many.
Q. Can you name the five patents which you consider of the most
importance Y — A. I have always considered the Page patent the most
valuable one we have, and although we have got a judgment establish-
ing it, we could never stop anybody. The courts grind so slowly that a
patent runs out before you can get a fellow stopped. However, with
respect to the Page patent, it was partly our misfortune that we after-
wards took up the first two or three parties against whom we had gotten
well under way in litigation ; we took up the companies by leases, and
then, of course, the suit had to drop and begin over again.
Q. Without going too much into detail, the object of the question is
to ascertain approximately the value of your property in patents. The
only object of the question is to ascertain how much your patents add
to the value of your property. — A. I would rather have a little time to
answer that question. I would not like to commit my company to any
opinion on that subject, as perhaps I know as little about it as any ex-
ecutive officer in the company. I think it likely Mr. Van Horn could
have given you more information on that subject than I can.
Q. What was your capital stock in 1865 Y
The Witness. Are you not jumping over the salaries Y I did not
give you those Y
I
208
TESTIMONY OF NORVIK GREEK.
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TLe Chairman. The salaries of the employes of the oompaDy Y
The Witness. The operators.
The Chairman. I think I inquired about that, bat yoa may state it
The Witness. I might give you some other items of exi>enditure that
would be of use to you if you are going to build a Grovemment line, or
operate one. I have listed a lot of things which I would as lief give as
not. The salaries paid were (5,012,782.57, classed as such.
Q. Was this amount, $5,012,782.57, paid to operators f — A. That was
the salaries of men on the salaried list.
Q. It includes the ofOicers of the company f — A. That includes tiie
officers of the company.
Q. From the president down t — A. From the president down.
Q. Can you state what proportion of that is paid to the men employed
in the various offices Y— A. I cannot state that at present, but that oonld
be easily ascertained by the executive officers.
Q. Do you include attorneys in ^< executive officers Y" — A. Jh, no;
we have only one attorney upon a salary — our offiice attorney, Mr.
Carey, who gets a salary >of (5,000. It does not include counsel. We
have several counsel to wDom we pay annual retainers, but they are
not put in here ; those amounts are put in legal expenses. Mr. Chair-
man, I find that this does not include the superintendent's salary, nor
the salary of the clerk in the superintendent's office. I have given yoa
(5,012,782.57 as salaries paid. We pay to messengers $703,341.61 ; line
repairers, including repairmen, $939J316.85; superintendents, $181,-
708.38 ; reconstruction, $285,038.56. With respect to the superintend-
ents, that is their salaries, their clerks, their stationery, and office ex-
penses. With respect to line repairers, that includes the salaries of the
repairmen and their gangs of hired men ; it also embraces the material
used in repairs. In respect to reconstruction, that includes the salaries
of the men engaged on that work, and also embraces the material used
in the work. Something was said here about damage claims. In cor
expense account I find $21,723.19 paid for damage claims, for delin-
quency in the service.
Q. During what time was thatf — ^A. During the year. I think some
one said that the damage claims amounted to nothing, inasmuch as we
never paid anything, except to refund tolls.
Q. Can you state how many claims that covers Y — A. No ; but I ex-
pect it covers a great many. I suppose it covers a great number. If
you want me to answer generally on that subject I have no objection to
giving you our general rules with respect to it.
Q. No one would bring a claim against the company, I suppose, on-
less it was a pretty large one, would he Y — A. Oh, yes.
Mr. GwiNN. I may say that a great many small ones have £allen on-
der my eye, varying from $3,000 to $100.
Q. You do not know what amount was paid on a few large claims f—
A. The proportion was very small. They were mostly compromised.
I would not think over one-tenth was paid. Probably $2,000 of it was
for small recoveries. In Indiana they generally recover against us a
statutory penalty of $100 where the service is delinquent ; very rarely
recover actual damag<^s.
Q. Was that a fair average year for claims t — A. I think so. Perhiqis
it is growing a little every year. There is scarcely a sitting of the execu-
tive committee that we do not settle some claim for damages by ad-
justment or compromise in some way.
Q. Your service is supposed to be improving every year, is it nott—
TESTIMONY OF NOEVIN GKEEN. 209
A. It is iniproviDg, aod it is increasing so much in amount, and proba-
bly will grow more exacting every year.
Mr. GwiNN. I would say that I have been employed sls counsel by
the company since 1863, and, I believe, we have had in Maryland four
litigated cases; everything else has been adjusted out of court.
The Chairman. I think we might proceed to the next question.
The Witness. Will you allow me to go through with this list of ex-
penditures, that may or may not be useful to you t I have given you
the cost of maintaining the lines. We have paid $215,648 taxes. We
have paid for office repairs and fittings $107,774. These are the items
for the year. We paid for new instruments and repairing instruments
$106,805.17 ; for maintaining batteries, $338,647,40. The last item is
the rents, which I have given you before
Q. Referring now to m3' former question, which was in the regular
order in which the interrogatories were submitted to you in New York,
please state what was the capital stock of your company in 1865. — ^A. I
knew very little of the company until I came to negotiate with it on be-
half of the American Company in the spring of 1^6.
Q. You know what the capital was in 1865, 1 suppose T — A. I only
know it by what they tell me. I have some data here from the secre-
tary, which show that the capital stock of the Western Union in 1865
was $20,133,800. It has been increased as follows : For stocking the At-
lantic and Ohio Company, $833,400. That was a company from Phila-
delphia to Pittsburgh with branch lines throiigh Pennsylvania; it was
almost all in Pennsylvania.
Q. Was that the first increase t — ^A. Oh, no ; that is the first increase
after 1865.
Q. I mean after 1865 Y — ^A. Yes, sir.
Q. What year was that in T — A. That stock was taken up in that
year ; the contract had been made before.
Q. Taken up in 1865 f — A. It seems so firom this statement of the
secretary. For the Erie and Michigan, $68,000.
Q. What year wald that Y — A. I presume that was all in 1865. No,
sir ; this table shows the whole increase since 1865 up to this date, with-
out giving the dates.
Q. Does it not give the order in which they occurred t — A. I think
it does. 1 think you will find them in their order. For the House pat-
ent, $5,700.
Q. The House line Y — A. There was a company of seven persons that
bought the House patents.
The Chairman. We do not care to go into any further details about
that.
The Witness. My opinion is that it was to extinguish the right of
those seven parties in the House patent. We built the Western Union
lines under it. For Pemberton and Colton, trustees, $3,800 ; that was
another patent claim, no doubt. For Western Union bonds, $91,500;
we took up that many bonds and issued stock in the place of it. There
is a clause in all our bonds that they are exchangeable for stock. For
the Ithaca telegraph stock, $14,500; that was a line that belonged
principally to the elder Coinell, Governor Cornell's father. For the
California State Telegraph Company, $164,900. For the Syracuse and
Binghampton telegraph stock, $4,800. For the Missouri and Kansas
telegraph stock, $80,400.
Q. You cannot tell the year that these transactions occurred, as you
proceed, can you f — A. 1 think all this occurred in 1 865, because I think the
secretary took them up in their order. I come next to the United States,
S. Rep. 577, pt. 2 14
210 TKSTIMONl' OF MORVIK GREEN.
which I know occarred in I860, aboat the month of Febmary. Bat the
tranactions were not completed in any one year. The most of om: con-
tracts, Mr. Chairman, were leases with the privilege of exchanging the
8tock at a certain rate. Therefore the stock may have been a year or
more in being taken up after the lines were turned over under the leafies,
and the transactions not completed in some instances for several yean,
for the little outstanding stocks of some companies are still coming in
h now and then.
Q. What was the next Y — A. The next was the United States Tele-
graph Company, for which $3,885,200 was paid, and for the United
States Pacific Telegraph Company $3,333,300.
Q. Was that a part of the United States ? — A. It was a separate com-
pany, I think, owned substantially by the same persons ; that is, tJie
largest stockholders were the same. However, I do not know hs to that,
bemuse it was before my connection with the Western Union Gompaoj.
Q. Can you inform us wbat was the extent of the property of the
United States and of the United States Pacific; how many miles of poles
and wires did they own! — A. They were pretty extensive. I think they
owned eastward as far as Portland, Me. ; westward to Omaha and the
Missouri River ; southward as far as Louisville and Washington, cover-
ing !New York and Michigan and the other Western States ap to Iowa.
I think that was about the extent of their lines.
Q. Can you state the number of miles of wires and poles t — A. I can-
not; I have not examined it; I do not know whether we have it oo
record. I know that stock was given for their stock at the rate of two
shares of Western Union for three of the United States. That makes
the odd amounts.
Q. Can you state who were the officers and directors of the United
States and' of the United States Pacific companies at the time the con-
solidation was made f — A. The directors of the United States Telegraph
Company at the date of consolidation with the Western Union Tele-
graph Company were Charles McAllister, John D. Taylor, Theodore
Adams, Thomas H. Wilson, John Hume, andJosiah King.
Q. Were any of these officers of the Western Union f — A. I have not
named all. David Fleming, George P. Plant, D. DeWolf, Lewis Roberds,
Charles J. Martin, Henry Morgan, D. M. Barney, George S. Davis,
Samuel Munu, James McKay, James 8. Sturgis, William Orton, J. M.
Schemerhoru, William E. Dodge, and Henry G. McKay. President,
William Orton ; vice-presidents, Lewis Roberds, Thomas H. Wilson,
Samuel Munn, and James D. Reed.
Q. These were the officers of the United States Company T — A. Yes,
sir.
Q. And of the United States Pacific also f — A. I haven't got them.
Q. They were the same officers, were they not ? — ^A. I guess they were,
substantially the same.
Q. Were any of these officers officers of the Western Union at the
time! — A. No, sir; nor directors.
Q. Mr. Orton was the president f-#-A. Mr. Orton was the president
Q. When did he become president of the Western Union! — A
; About a year and a half after the consolidation, after his company was
; taken up.
\ Q. In 1808 !— A. No, I think it was in the autumn of 1867. His com-
j pany was taken up in February, 1806.
I Q, You call this a lease ! — A. Yes, sir.
' Q. You acquired this property under a le^se ! — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did you got the whole of the stock of those two companies !— A.
r.
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 211
No ; I just told you a Vit ago that there was a little United States stock
outstanding yet. We got nearly the whole. I think we got the entire
stock of the United States Pacific. My impression now, on reflection,
is that that belonged to fewer persons ; I think that was an enterprise
of a few directors in the United States, and that it was in a few hands.
Q. You gave your own stock in exchange for this stock t — A. Yes.
Q. To the extent of something over $7,000,000!— A. To the extent I
have given you.
Q. Three millions eight hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars and
♦3,333,000 !— A. Yes.
Q. I do not understand why you should call it a lease ; you acquired
all their property, did you not Y — A. The contract stipulates that it is a
lease.
Q. You do not pay them any rent t — A. There was nobody to pay
any rent to; we do not care to pay rent to ourselves. The contract is
that we lease the property for 3 per cent, of its capital stock and agree
to give to all the stockholders who want to exchange stock, two shares
of our stock for three of theirs ; those who hold their stock take their
rental.
Q. Wherein does it differ from an out and out purchase of property ! —
A. It differs in this : That the directors did not feel that they had the
right to sell the stockholders out, but they felt that they had the power
to. make a lease and permit previous stockholders to accept the sale of
their stock if they chose, or take the rentals ; each stockholder has his
choice.
Q. All accepted except a few shares t — A. All except a few shares.
Of course it was made on a basis that made it desirable that they should
accept and transfer their stock rather than to take their rental.
Q. Can you not state approximately the number of miles of wires these
companies owned f — A. I cannot any more than I have done with re-
spect to the territory that they cover. I have no recollection as to what
length of branch lines they have. I was not in either company at the
time ; never had anything to do with the trade, and never canvassed the
subject.
y. Your books contain an inventory of this property, do they not! —
A. I doubt it.
Q. You hardly purchased or leased that property without knowing
what you acquired, did you! — A. It is possible that the contract may
stipulate something about the extent of the lines. Some of the con-
tracts I have named do stipulate precisely ; that is to say, the lessors
guarantee that there shall be so many miles of wire and so many miles
of poles ; I have not examined that contract ; never saw it.
Q. What territory did the United States Company cover that the
Western Union had not already covered f — A. The Western Union had
no lines east of North River except a wire from Albany down to New
York. We had no lines in the eastern territory at all.
Q. You mean east of the Hudson Kiver ! — A. East of the Hudson
River. I mean they had no lines east of the Hudson River except the
lines from Albany down to New York that they had acquired by pre-
vious absorption of the New York, Albany, and Buffalo Companj'.
Q. What portion of the United States lines was east of the Hudson
River! — A. They pretty* well covered New England, i>erhaps one-fourth
of it, perhaps one-third.
Q. What other territory besides this territory east of the Hudson
River did the United States occupy which the Western Union did not
occupy ! — A. I should suppose a pretty large area ; the Western Union
5f
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212
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN.
lines were not then very extensive. As the United States went od dif-
ferent rentes, I assaiue that pretty mnch all their intermediate offices
between the principal commercial i)oint6 were offices not then leaebed
by the Western Union.
Q. Did yon acquire United 8tates property before yoa acquired tht
American Y — A. Yes. When yon speak of me I suppoee yoo mean nj
company, because I was not in the company at the time.
The Ohaibman. I speak of you as representing the company.
Q. Ton say that nearly all the territory occnpi^ by the United States
was a different territory from that occupied by the Western Union f—
A. Except meeting at the principal commercial points, say from New
York to Chicago and Saint Loois indnsive. They reached the large
commercial points in common ; but as to the rontes of reaching them,
they were different, and covered intermediate offices for the most put
where they did not meet.
Q. What was the capital of the United States Company at the time
the Western Union, as you stated, leased their lines t— A. I infer from
this statement that it was $10,000,000. All the stock we acquired we
acquired by giving two shares for three. They were given twelve months
to accept that option, and after that twelve montlis expired, we bought
some of the stock for cash.
Q. Yon are not able to give us any information as to tlie actual valae
of Uie property of tlie United States Company at that timet — A. Ko,
sir : 1 am not.
The Chaibhan. That is the gist of the whole thing.
Q. What was the next consolidation t — ^A. The next on the list hero
is the Tmemansburgh and Seneca Falls line, $^500 stock. For the
Hicks & Wright's repeater, $1,500 stock was given ; tJtiat was a patent
repeating instrument. Then here is the Lodi telegraph stock, $500. I
do not know what that was ; it might have been stock in soone company.
The Chairman. We do not care about that; give us the next.
A. Then there was the American Telegraph Company, $11,833,100.
The Chaibhan. Tliese were all in 1866 and occurred in the order in
which you have given them.
Q. What were the terms of that acquisition t — ^A. The lease was made
at 8 per cent, with the privilege to exchange for stock at the rate of one
share of American for three shares of Western Union. The American
capitalization was $4,000,000. The American Company proper owned
lines fh)m New York eastward, covering New England. They had
leased the Magnetic Company from New York to Washington, and they
had leased the Washington and New Orleans Company from Washing-
ton to New Orleans, by way of Charleston and Savannah, or having
branches to Charleston and Savannah, and the Western Union Com-
pany from Washington to Cincinnati, and the Lynchburg & Abing-
don Company from Richmond to Chattanooga. And in all those com-
panies they had purchased for cash a large amount of stock which they
did not capitalize, and they became the substantial owners of these prop-
erties. That is the reason they were given three shares for one. They
had a large amount of property which they had acquired out of earnings
and had paid for, but which had not been capitalized.
Q. Can you tell us the length of lines of poles and wires that the
American Telegraph Company had when you acquired itt — A. I can
only tell you the territory it covered. It was also leased.
The Chairman. I will ask about that afterward.
The Witness. No ; I cannot tell you the length of the lines. They
had also acquired the Nova Scotia Telegraph Company by lease, in
TESTIMONY OP NORVIN GREEN. 218
which they had purchased a controlling interest. They, therefore, ex-
tended from North Sydney, at the Gut of Ganso, eastward to New Or-
leans.
Q. Did the American Company's lines reach any point not reached
by the Western Union, or cover any imx>ortant territory not covered by
the Western Union f — A. A very large amount of territory not covered
by the Western Union.
Q. Did the United States Company cover any important territory
which was not covered by the Western Union or the American Y — A.
Yes. I
Q. What was it Y
The Witness. Did the United States cover !
The Chairman. Yes.
The Witness. Oh, I thonght you asked me whether the American
covered any territory not covered by the United States.
The Chairman. I will go back now to the United States Company.
The Witness. Let me answer the question a little more fully, be-
cause I have not given you lull information of the extension of property
of the American Company. What I have given you does not include
the Southwestern. And hei*e I want to correct a misapprehension under
which the committee seem to have been acting. The Southwestern was
not stocked into the Western Union ; it was stocked into the American ^
first, and formed a part of the American Telegraph property that went
into this deal. The Southwestern had lines from Cincinnati into Texas
by way of Nashville, Memphis^ and Chattanooga, and to Mobile also, on
the Mobile and Ohio Railroad ; and the lines of that company formed a
part of the American Company's lines when they stocked into the West-
em Union.
Q. What, in general terms, was the important territory covered by
the American that was not covered by the Western Union at the time
of the consolidation, they having before that acquired the United
States t — A. The important territory was everything south of Washing-
ton and Louisville; everything south of the Potomac and the Ohio.
Q. The Western Union Company had no lines south of these points t —
A. The American occupied that territoij almost to the exclusion of
everything else, with the exception of a tew little lines here and there.
The Chairman. Now please answer the question I put before.
The Witness. As to the United States f
The Ohatkman. Yes; as to what territory the United States covered
that was not covered by mther the American Telegraph Company or
the Western Union Telegraph Company.
The Witness. Let me remind the chairman that the United States
was acquired by the Western Union some three or four months before
the American, and therefore all of New England that the United States
had was territory that the Western Union did not reach ; it was the
acquisition of the United States or lines competing with the American
in New England that first led to negotiations between the Western Union
and the American.
Q. The American had lines pretty generally throughout New Eng-
land, had it notf — A. Yes; and the United States was there in com-
petition with them. The Western Union acquired the United States
lines, and all of that territory was new territory to the then Western
Union. Then when they acquired the American they got new territory
throughout the South.
Q. And the property that they acquired from the American in New
England reached substantially the same points reached by the \!^\^>^ft^
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214
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN.
States, which they had acquired before f — A. As to the larger points,
yes ; as to a great Dumber of intermediate points, no.
Q. Up to this time had you acquired any lines by paying for them in
bonds f — A. I think some bonds had been issued to ])urct^as5e some cash
stock on the California State Telegraph Company.
Q. That was in 1865 ! — A. Yes, sir. There was a part of the prop-
erty of the California State Telegraph Company purchased for stock,
and a considerable part of it purchased for cash.
Q. Your annual report for 1869 indicates that you issued in the year
1866 a little over $6,000,000 of bonds. Did not the Russian extension
come in at that time? — A. Yes ; but no such sum as that was issned
that year.
The Chaibman. The last increase that we have, was made for the
American Telegraph Company.
The Witness. I want to make an explanation there. There was a
little of the same thing done that was done when the Mutual Union was
taken up. The stipulations of the agreement between the American
and the Western Union — and that agreement I negotiated on behalf of
the American Company — were that the Western Union should have
$28,000,000 of stock against $12,0(K),000 to the American Union ; that
is to say, we were to pay the American Company $12,000,000 in ex-
change for their stock out of an aggregate of $40,000,000. In order to
do that they issued $468,000 worth of stock to the old stockholders of
the Western Union, which is put down here "to equalization of stock as
per condition of agreement." That madethe capital exactly $40,000,000.
But the undertakings of the Western Union with respect to leased lines
that had the right to come in and change their capital stock brought
it up within a year or two afterwards to over $41,000,000. It was to
be $40,000,000 with the consummation of that bargain. The obligation
of the Western Union was out to exchange its stock for some other
stocks which brought it above that.
Q. Were the officers of the American and the Western Union the same
persons to any extent f — A. I do not think there was a solitary man
who was an officer in both companies.
Mr. GwiNN. Entirely diflferentt
The Witness. Do you desire me to give you a list!
The Chairman. No ; I do not think it is imjwrtant.
The Witness. 1 have here a list of directors in either company.
They are entirely different men. I have their names here and can give
them to you, but I do not think there is a single name that appears on
both lists.
Q. Did either of these companies up to that time have any debts
which the Western Union Company assumed f — A. None to amount to
anything. When the American went into the Western Union the West-
ern Union of course had its bonded debt. There may have been some
little liabilities, but there were no debts that they were not able to pay
any day. They had no bonded debt.
Q. Then you may proceed to state what further increase of capital
was made. A. The next item was evidently under a long previous con-
tract, in exchange of Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Louisville stock, $41,00.
Q. Was that in 1866, also f — A. The contract for the taking in ex-
change of this stock had been made as far back as 1859, but the stock
was not exchanged. It is only $4,100. That was a very valuable line
at one time, from Pittsburgh to Louisville. It was a link in the larger
line to New Orleans, and did a very active business. The next was for
• TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 215
the Atlantic and Pacific Telegrapii stock, $8,400,000. For the American
Union stock, $10,000,000 and bonds $5,000,000.
Q. Was this all in one transaction f — A. That is all one transaction ;
all one contract.
Q. The American Union how much! — A. Fifteen million dollars;
being $10,000,000 in exchange for its stock and $5,000,()00 in exchange
for its bonds.
Q. What year t— A. That was in 1881.
Q. There was nothing acquired from 1966 to 1881, except the Pitts-
burgh, Cincinnati and Doaisville? — A. No, sir; there were several lines
leased between 1866 and 1881. The Pacific and Atlantic and the South-
ern Atlantic were the two most prominent, and then the Illinois and
Mississippi.
Q. Leased for an annual rental f — A. Leased for an annual rental, and
a great many of their stocks bought for cash. But there was no acqui-
sition requiring an additional increase of stock. I see it stated very
positively that $2,000,000 was issued to take up the Pacific and Atlan-
lio, tbr Southern Atlantic, &c. There was not a dollar issued tor <'it']er
uf lhos>e purposes, uud whatever was paid lor stocLs iu those compaiiies
was paid in cash out of the treasury of the company. There was no
stock increase from 1866 to 1881 except these little tailings of a few
thousand dollars in carrying out contracts previous to 1866.
Q. Did you acquire any other properties in 1881 1 — A. I do not know
whether our contract for the Northwestern was made in 1881 or not ; I
do not know v.hcther our Cauada contract was laadc in lt>si < :• not; it
was either 1881 or 1882, I caonot recall now ; I rather think, however,
that the Northwestern Company was acquired in 1881.
Q. Have you the amount paid for that! — A. No ; but I can give you
e general information. The general tenor of the contract was that we
paid $100,000 the first year, and increased a little every year until the
sixteenth year. We were to pay at the rate of $150,000, which was 6
per cent, on their capital stock, and it remained at that for the remain-
der of the ninety-nine years.
Q. You controlled that line entirely as a leased line by paying an
annual rent f — A. Leased line. We paid their stockholders the first
year 4 per cent.; the next year 4^ ; the next 4^ : and »o on until the six-
teenth year, whea vw p:ii(i tliom 6 per ixMit ; and at ihat it remained.
Q, And this rental is part of the $528,000, which you said you paid
for the rent of leased lines t — A. Yes.
Q. You did not add anything to your stock in that transaction f — A.
We did not add anything to our stock ; that company covered territory
that we did not touch at all. That company was by contract entitled
to a certain territory. The committee may not know that in 1857 the
principal telegraph companies met in New York and made what they
called the six party contract. There were ultimately eight parties to it,
including the Montreal Telegraph Company. That six-party contract
divided the territory between the companies that were parties thereto,
and each agreed not to construct lines in the territory of the others,
and to act exclusively with each other. That was the foundation of the
consolidations which followed, or many of the early ones. The Western
Union Company was a pai-ty to this contract with quite a limited terri-
tory : but it afterwards acquired the New York, Albany and Buffalo,
whicn was one of the parties to the contract, the Atlantic and Ohio,
which was another party to the contraci, and when they took up the
American Telegraph Company they look up ollici parties to the con-
tract; that is, the American and the Southwestern. Then they leased.^
.L
216
TESTIMONY OP NORVIN GREEN.
in 1857, the lines of Judge Gaton, who was another party to the con-
tract, and then they had £kken in ail the parties to the contract except
this Northwestern.
Q. Judge Caton's lines were the Illinois and Mississippi? — A. Yes^
sir : he had two companies, the Illinois and Mississippi, afud the Jlliods
ana Missonri.
Q. Will you state what rents you paid for those t — A. Abont $87,000
a year, I think. We paid less than that, becaase we owned some of
that stock ; we have never been able to acquire the whole of it ; that
is classed as leased lines. Judge Caton owned a great deal of it bim-
self, and he prefers to keep it.
Q. Do you know what extent of lines you acquired bj' that means!—
A. My recollection is about 18,000 miles of wire.
Q. Do you remember the number of miles of poles f — A. No, I do
not He had lines running away up into Iowa, and had a good many
valuable railroad contracts, and down to Cairo on the Dlinois Ceutral,
and considerable lines over in Missouri.
Q. You do* not know the length of the lines f — ^A. No, I do not re
member the length of the lines.
Q. Can yon not give any information as to the length of lines of the
Atlantic and Pacific and the American f — A. I would not like to under-
take to give you any definite idea abont it; I think you have been
pretty well informed on that subject. There are several volumes of
testimony in print upon it in those suits.
Q. Can you state what was the capital stock of the Atlantic and
Pacific!— A. The capital stock was $15,000,000, but there was only
$14,000,000 outstanding. We only took up $14,000,000.
Q. That was before the consolidation 1 — A. Yes, sir ; and we took
that up at 60 per cent, in our stock. I would state that previous to the
absorption absolutely, in 1877, a contract between the Western Union
and the Atlantic and Pacific Companies had been made which was of
the nature of a pooling arrangement, by which they got 12^ per cent
of the gross earnings of the two companies, and paid about 13^ par
cent, gross expenses.
Q. Can you state the capital of the American Union Companv f — A
$10,000,000 stock and $5,000,000 bonds.
Q. You exchanged with them, giving them $14,000,000 of yonr stockf
— A. Yes.
Q. Can you inform us who were the officers of the American Union!— -
A. Yes ; I have their names here.
Q. Were they to any extent the same as the officers of the Western
Union f — A. I do not think there was a single man director in both.
Q. How was it with the Atlantic and Pacific f — A. The Atlantic and
Pacific had a large number of Western Union men in the board ; that
is, there were a number of persons directors in both boards.
Q. Who was president of the Atlantic and Pacific Company t
The Witness. You mean at the time !
The Chaibman. At the time the trade was made.
The Witness. At the time we took it up finally t
The Chairman. Yes.
The Witness. You see there were two trades made ¥rith that com-
pany— one in 1877 for the pooling arrangement.
The Chairman. 1 do not refer to that ; when you acquired the stock.
The Witness. At the time we acquired the stock A. B. Chandler was
president.
Q. Were the officers to any extent the same as the officers of the
TESTIMONY OF NOBVIN GREEN. 217
Western Union t — A. They were not the same in any case, except per-
haps the vice-president; Mr. Van Home was vice-president of that
company and of ours, bnt they had different secretaries, treasurers, and
auditors.
Q. The boards of directors were abont the same f — A. Oh, no ; they
were not about the same ; there were perhaps seven men that were
directors in both companies out of fifteen ; possibly eight, but I think
only seven.
Q. Were these trades with the Atlantic and Pacific and with the
American Union separate and distinct transactions t — A. No, sir ; they
were part of the same transaction.
Q. How did that happen f — A. It happened for this reason : that the
taking up of the American Union necessarily unbalanced the pooling
arrangement with the Atlantic and Pacific. We could not undertake
to pay the American Union and add that much to our property and
continue to give the Atlantic and Pacific 12} per cent, of the gross
receipts.
Q. Were those two properties substantially owned and controlled by
the same parties ?
The Witness. The American Union and the Atlantic and Pacific!
The Chairman. Yes.
The Witness. Oh, no; not at all.
Q. Then what had your trade with the American Union to do with
the Atlantic and Pacific !^A. That is what I am telling you. We had
a pooling arrangement which gave them 12} per cent, of the gross re-
ceipts. We were not going to pay $15,000,000 for additional property —
we could not give them that much without giving them too much ; we had
either to greatly reduce their pro rata receipts or take them up.
Q. Therefore you made an arrangement to take them into the com-
pany f — A. Therefore we made an arrangement to stock them in.
Q. But the American had nothing to do with that f — A. Nothing at
all ; still, it was a necessary part of the trade.
Q. They are substantially separate transactions ! — A. Yes, but it was
all put into one contract; it was a necessary part of the trade.
Q. Of course the American Union people were interested in what yon
had to pay for Atlantic and Pacific! — A. Yes, they were interested,
as they would come in as stockholders, and so a new deal was necessary
with the Atlantic and Pacific.
Q. Have you any knowledge a« to what the actual cash value of these
properties was, or more properly the cost of construction 1 — A. I do not
know. I have some idea, but you have had men before you that know
vei-y much better than I do. You had Mr. Bates, who was vice president
of the American Union, and who was the general superintendent of the
Atlantic and Pacific — a man who knows a great deal more about it than
I do. My idea is that they cost something more than the $5,000,000
because they bought Owen's lines and paid for them in stock.
Q. Which were those! — A. The American Union.
Q. You have no idea as to the amount of the investment in the At-
lantic and Pacific at the timef — A. My opinion is that the Atlantic and
Pacific cost a great deal more proportionately than the other company;
I am sure it did. The Atlantic and Pacific had been running a long
while at a loss, and they had to pay their losses. Besides the cost of
building their lines, they had many losses to pay, for they were in op-
eration, I should say, eight or ten years at least; they must have been
started soon after the consolidation in 1806.
Q. If you cannot give us any definite information as to the value oC
218 TESTIMONY OF .NORVIN GREEN.
these properties, I will ask you another qaestion. What territories did
the Atlantic and Pacific Company cover, or what important places did
it reach which were not reached by the Western Union at the time the
consolidation was made f — A. I do not think any important places. That
ground has all been gone over in testing the legality of the trade. Un-
doubtedly the reason of the trade was to economize the operation of the
property and stop duplicate and triplicate expenses, and to get the
American receipts; that was the motive.
Q. Did the American Union cover any important territory which you
did not cover before! — A. I cannot recall any at i)resent. It certainly
touched a great many places that we did not, but they were small
places.
Q. Did you actually increase the facilities of the Western Union Ck)m-
pany for transacting business by these purchases or consolidations! —
A. 1 think so. I think all the consolidations have increased the facili-
ties and improved the service. The same messages had to be trans-
ferred from one line to the other, and of course when they were in the
same hands that transfer did not take them over to apother office and
cause them to be rebooked and all that.
Q. But these two companies did not reach any important places that
you had not reached before ! — A. I said they reached a great many
places we did not reach, but no very important places. We were off
the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad, for instance, and the Atlantic and
Pacific was on it.
Q. Do you know of any town of one thousand inhabitants that they
reached which you had not reached before ! — A. I do not know that I
could name one, but there were certainly a great many towns of a thou-
sand inhabitants which they reached which we did not.
Q. Yon cannot name one ! — A. I cannot remember any names sprung
upon me in that way. I suppose I could find a great many. A town
of a thousand inhabitants is a very small place for a telegraph office —
never large enough to pay the expense of an operator, unless it is a
mining town or an oil town.
Q. If there was no such town of any importance, what did you gain,
or how did you increase your facilities by these consolidations f — A. We
needed the wires. We need more wires now. We always have needed
more wires. These oppositions which have been started and taken up
by the Western Union Company have contributed very largely to the
rapid development of the telegraph business in this country. The West-
ern Union Company could not have built lines as fast as the growth
of the business required it without suspending dividends, and their
stockholders would not have been willing to do that. If they sold their
stock at all they would have to sell it at par, and that they could not
do. It has very rarely been at par, except when there was a stock dis-
tribution coming, and they could not without appropriating all their
earnings. We have built from 10,000 to 20,000 miles a year of new
telegraph lines out of our earnings all the time. If you look at these
annual reports you will see that the increase is three or four times that
much. We have never had wires enough. We could lease a half a
dozen wires to Chicago to-day at a paying rate, if we had them to
spare, without interfering with our telegraph business. My position
has always been that our great competitor is time, and just as we gain
time we <2atn increase our business.
Q. Could you not have acquired the same number of wires at very
much less expense by building them than by leasing them ? — A. It is
quite possible, bat we Vxad wot the money. We could not build tiiem
TESTIMONY OF NOBVIN GREEN. 219
in a year, and they occupied the same routes that were desirable, the
same rights of way that were desirable. We had not the money to
build new lines without stopping dividends. We did that for four
years, put all our earuings in the plant, but our stockholders were not
satisfied to have that continued, t«o that we have paid a moderate rate
of dividends and put the surplus in new property. But that is not
fast enough to meet the growing requisitions of the public, to say
nothing of the very large increase of business. For instance, we have
three opposing lines from New York to Chicago, and yet our business
at Chicago is $500 a day larger than it was last year, with the competi-
tion of the Baltimore and Ohio Company, the Postal Company, and the
Amerioan Bapid.
Q. Has there been any reduction of rates to account for that! — A.
No reduction of rates. It is a question whether that would account for
it if there was. There has been some reduction in specific classes of
business. There has been a reduction between the Produce Exchange
in New York and the Board of Trade in Chicago by the Mutual Union
and the Postal Companies. They are running a competition for this
specific business. The Mutual Union is sending ten words for 20 cents,
and the other companies send twenty words for 25 cents. They are making
a specialty of that business, and we have devoted the lines of the Mu-
tual Union Company to thai particular class of business. The busi-
ness has grown very largely under it, and both companies have got
about as much as they can do. It is a business that can be done very
cheaply, because it does not involve any booking or delivery. The
messages are sent by dictation, and the answers received before the
sender leaves the counter. That is a class of business that can be done
at a very low rate.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. You spoke a few moments ago of the extension of lines ; from what
source did the money come which paid for the extensions f — A It came
from our earnings in a great measure.
By the Chaibman :
Q. Are you charging the same rate for messages to Chicago that you
charged two or three years ago T — A. Yes.
Q. You have made no reduction f — A. None, except in that specific
class.
Q. And the increase of business is in the other class upon which you
have made no reduction! — A. Yes; in the other class.
Q. What is your rate f — A. Fifty cents from New York to Chicago.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Is it anticipated that the money taken fh>m the earnings to ex-
tend the lines will be capitalized f Is that what has been the practice
of the company, if it has had any practice t — A. No, sir ; we have never
capitalized but once. In 1881, when we made this deal to take in these
new partners, we said to them, '^ If we have got to take in your stock and
bonds at par, we cannot let you participate in the $17,000,000 surplus
that we have got here; that we put in new property; you must let ua
capitalize and use our surplus first." That is the only capitalization of
the new property that has been made. The court of appeals of New
York held that that was right ; that we had the right to do it. If we
took in new partners and took their property at pretty high capitalization
we were not going to let them come in to the extent of two-fifths of our
surplus. We had been allowing it to be taken from our stockholdex^
1
't;
I*
I
220
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEST.
and pat in new property for about thirteen years and a half, I bdieve
it was, and it was agreed that we should capitalize and divide that mir-
plus first. We did not capitalize it all at that time, because the prop-
erty we acquired by our own constructions represents from 50 to 100
per cent, more money than we put into them. By oar railroad con-
tracts we get transportation free, and generally the Jabor, except the
skilled lal^r, to construct the lines.
By the Chairman :
Q. You give an equivalent for that 1 — A. We give a free service ; bat
I said the money cost is all that stauds on our books, and with what is
contributed by the railroads it represents always 50 i>er cent more in
money value than it cost us, and in some instances 100 per cent., where
the railroad company furnishes all lalx>rand transportation.
Q. In acqoiriug the property of the Atlantic and Pacific and the
American Union you increased your ciipital over $23,000,000. In yonr
opinion what would it have cost you to increase the facilities yon bad
at that time to the sam^ extent you increased them by adding these
propertie4sf — A. I cannot answer that question. In the first place, I
should waut to kuow exactly what the properties were, which I have not
in my mind ; in the second place, I am not an expert builder. Take snch
a man as Mr. Bates, who was before you, and who ha« been on the groond
and built lines and kt^pt the accounts of meu, and no doubt he could
tell you better thau I could. But I must say one thing, that it would
cost a great deal more now than then, and it is costing more every year.
Many States have followed the decisions of New Jei^sey, that the right
of way along highways given by the State does not entitle telegraph
companies to a right of way ; that the highway is an easement for that
purpose, aud only for that purpose, and the owner of the land upon which
you desire to plant your poles can stop you from doing it unless yoo
pay him therefor. So that even along highways we have had to pay for
rights of way.
Q. You have no question about yonr rights under the act of 1866 f—
A. Oh, yes.
Q. On post-roads f — A. My dear sir, that is the very question that the
court decided. We have the right to do certain things, but not the
right of way.
Mr. GwiNN. The Chief Justice decided that we must pay for it.
The Witness. It only gives us the right to go on the post-roads, hav-
ing acquired the place to put our lines.
Mr. OwiNN. And acquired the right by contract
The Witness. We may acquire that right by contract or have it oon-
demned, but it does not say that the United States can give us the right
to go on a railroad without the consent of the railroad. It only gave
us the right to go on public lands of the United States.
Q. Suppose you buUd a line over a wagon road, which is a post-road,
would you have to pay anything more tiian damages done to private
property! — A. Accor^g to recent decisions, the land owner would
have a claim for damages, and not on^ that, but would have a right to
say,^^ You shall not put np your lines in front of my premises unless by
process of condemnation." Most of the States have acts authorizing con-
demnations.
Mr. GwiNN. In the case of the Pensacola Company vs. The Western
Union Telegraph Company (in 91 U. 8., I think it is) Chief Justice
Waite discusses the whole question in giving his opinion.
TESTIMONY OF NORVIX GREEN. 221
The Chatkman. There was a different point involved in that, was
there notf
Mr. GwiNN. The Chief Justice says that we mast secure the right of
way by contract or by condemnation; that we cannot erect oar poles
wiUioat making compensation.
The Chairman. Has there not been a decision in Massachasetts of a
different character!
Mr. GwiNN. Bat the decision I refer to was from the Supreme Court
of the United States.
The Witness. I have been through a good deal of litigation and am
Eretty familiar with the decisions, although I am not a lawyer. But I
now that a railroad company may contract to give a telegraph com-
pany an exclusive right of way along its lines so far as the railroad com-
pany can carry it out. But the railroad company cannot properly con-
tract with a telegraph company to go on its road and give it the exclu-
sive right of way as against the power of the State to condemn. The
contract is binding, however, on the contracting parties, so far as the
X)ower of the railroad company is concerned to carry it out. Neverthe-
less, the State may authorize condemnation for otber companies.
Tne Chairman. I understand there has been a decision within a few
days, or quite a short time, of a somewhat different nature. [To Mr.
Idnes.] Will you not be kind enough to state itf
Mr. ROBERT B. Lines. I have merely seen a notice of it in the press.
It is exactly t^e reverse of the decision that Dr. Green states has been
made in 'Sew Jersey, and perhaps in other States. It is to the effect
that the right of way along highways is sneh as to authorize any tele-
graph company to erect a telegraph line on them without paying the
owner of the fee-simple.
Mr. GwiNN. But still he has to pay a turnpike oomi>any.
Mr. Lines. That I do not understand to have been the effect of the
decision. /
Mr. OwiNN. I have not seen a copy of the decision to which you refer.
Mr. Hubbard. We have no turnpike companies in Massachusetts,
thank Heaven.
The Witness. I am very glad to hear that the decision goes that &r,
because we have two or three suits that have been pending two or three
years.
Mr. Lines. In the Pensacola case there was no question as to the
right of the Western Union Company as against the railroad company;
they were there under contract.
Mr. GwiNN. The Chief-Justice said expressly that the act of 1866 did
not give them the right to go there without compensation ; that the
amount necessary to be paid for the enjoyment of the easement must be
ascertained in the ordinary way, either by contract or by condemnation.
Mr. Lines. Was that point involved in the case f
Mr. GwiNN. Not directiy.
Mr. Lines. Was there any question between the raihoad company
and the telegraph company f
Mr. GwiNN. The Chief Justice thought it was involved in the case, for
he entered into a discussion of the point and decided it.
Mr. Lines. I think your recollection is a little at fault.
The Witness. Ton are speaking of the case in Massachusetts f
Mr. Lines. No ; I am speaking of the Pensacola case, where, as I un-
derstand, the Louisville & Nashville Kailroad Company had given cer-
tain rights to the Florida Railroad Company.
l%e Witness. That is not a correct statement of the case at all.
222 TESTIMONY OF NOEVIN GBEEN.
Mr. Lines. It was the case of the Pensacola Telegraph Company
against the Western Union Telegraph Company.
The Witness. This was the case. The Pensacola Telegraph Company
had charter from the State authority giving them theexclnsive right to
build a telegraph line on that railroad, 40 miles, up to Pollard. They
got into a dispute, they had no contract, but they were there simply.
The railroad company made a contract with us to allow us to build on
that road, but when we went to build on it they enjoined us, and the
local courts sustained them and said that they had the exclusive right
to build telegraph lines. We took the case up to the Supreme Court
of the Unit^ States, and there it was decided that the act of 186G gave
us the right to go on that road if we acquired the right necessary to
plant our poles.
Mr. GwiNN. Either by consent, contract, or purchase.
Mr. Lines. You and the railroad company were on the same side.
There was no question as to whether you could build your line without
paying for the right of way.
Mr. GwiNN. Well, the Chief Justice put it in.
Mr. Lines. Then it was obiter dictum.
Mr* Gwtnn. But such obiter dicta are very respectable.
By the Chaibman :
In regard to these two companies, the American Union and Atlantic
and Pacific, I believe I have substantially asked already whether, in
your opinion, you could not have acquired these increased facilities at
very much less cost than $23,000,000.
Senator Wilson. That is by construction rather than purchase.
TheCHAiUMAN. Yes.
The Witness. I presume we could have acquired them in time.
Q. Do you to-day maintain all the lines you acquired from them ? —
A. Substantially all ; there are a few pieces of lines that we have sold
to telephone companies in which we were interested.
Q. Were there not a great many miles of wires of these companies on
the same rights of way !
The Witness. The same rights of way as ours t
The Chairman. Ye«.
A. No.
«Q. Did not the Atlantic and Pacific and the American Company and
the Western Union have a considerable amount of lines on the same
rights of way ? — ^A. A good deal of the Atlantic and Pacific wires were
transferred to our poles ; when I say a good deal, I do not mean a half
or a third, but still quite a good deal ; and in one instance, along one
of the railroads, from Chicago to Omaha, the American Union had built
their lines just outside of the right of way, northwest, I believe ; and
being just outside of the right of way, there was never any contract
made with the railroad company.
Q. Is not the principal cost of sustaining these lines in replacing the
poles as they decay t — A. That is the reason why some of the wires have
been transferred to another set of poles: but, as a general rule, there is
an advantage in having two lines of poles, so that if one breaks down,
the other may be standing.
Q. Where you construct lines, however, you never put up two lines
of poles at the same time! — A. We have constructed more than two
lines between l^ew York and Philadelphia ; we have constructed four
or five, and I think we on^u «AXo^<iX\i«t ^<ix^\i <«^ ^\^v \wx^%.
Q. Batthati8quitead\ffie^ie\vt\\i\\\^\\^^^«t^'^^^^^^
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 223
A. For one or two wires, or even for four wires, we would only con-
Btruct one lioe of poles.
Q. The larger proportion of your lines probably do not contain over
four wires, do they f — A. I think one of the American Union lines had
eighteen or twenty wires between New York and Philadelphia ; I know
as mauy as eighteen.
Q. But the entire property of the Western Union, according to your
own statement made to-day, will average ouly about three wires to a
line of poles. I am not speaking about some particular line between
large cities, but about the whole country. — A. I think that is about the
average of the whole country, but you must remember that we have a
great many branch lines and small lines. The present system does
not average three wire«, but you must remember that a very large por-
tion of our lines are branch lines through small places where we have
only one line of wire on the poles.
Q. How was it in that respect with regard to the other companies
with which you consolidated t — ^A. They had not so many branch lines
as we had ; they went by the highways, and touched a great many in-
termediate points we did not touch, but they were generally trunk lines
striking for the large places, and had from two to four wires on a line
of poles.
Adjourned.
February 26, 1884.
NoRViN Green's examination resumed.
The Witness, i have asked the stenographer if he has his notes of
yesterday, but he has not. I wanted to see precisely what I am reported
to have said in respect to the question of the chairman as to the owner-
ship of not less than 95 per cent, of all the lines set down as owned.
My recollection is I said that that was generally true and ought to be
universally true; but that I could not say positively; that there were
not instances in which we did not own as much as 95 per cent, of the
lines. Is not that your recollection, Mr. Chairman 1
The Chairman. I should have said that you stated there was no case
in which you owned less than that.
The Witness. 1 said I knew of no case, and that it ought to be true
as to every instance; but that as I did not keep the accounts and the
statistical separations I could not say positively that there wete not
isolated instances in which we did not own so much as that. I think
that is what I said yesterday.
The Chairman. I was desirous in that matter as in the others, to
get exact information.
The Witness. 1 will say that whatever we lack in entire ownership
in the lines set down as owned is verj' largely overbalanced by our
ownership in the lines classed as leased."
The Chairman. As your statements are made as approximate state-
ments, or estimates, as near as you can remember, and xGry few of
them are accurate and explicit answers to the questions, I suggested the
limit of 95 per cent, to ascertain whether you do practically own all of
this property or whether a considerable portion of it in some cases may
be owned by other parties. That was my object. I do not care to press
1;hat matter any further.
224
TtSTlMONY OF NOKVIX GBEEN.
]i
i
li
¥
1 1
i
t
The Witness. I have given yon what I know aboat it. I said toyoa
it wonld take a long while to cipheront the precise ownership ontstanding
and fractional, as it is in this great unmber of properties that have been
taken np since and before 1866. The larger number have been absorbed
before 1866 rather than since, with which I am not so familiar, my con-
nection with the company beginning at that time. Let me make another
statement in respect to my testimony of yesterday. I want to say first
that all the expenditures of the company, including all the line rentals,
are charged to current expenses, and not paid out of the profits, as is
sometimes insisted upon ; that they are charged to current expenses
before the p] ofits are stricken. I wish to say further that all the ex-
penses reported yesterday do not apply to the expense of obtaining the
revenues reported from the transmission of messages. We have now
leased lines at the rate of $50,000 a month. $600,000 a year. Of coarse
a part of the expenditure for the maintenance of lines, batteries, &c,
applies solely to those leased lines from which we get no tolls or mes-
sages. What I gave you yesterday was the earnings in that particolar
department of tolls on messages. Some of these expenditures apply
also to the gold and stock department, from which we derive a large
revenue on the quotations and commercial news service.
The Chairman. We will go on now from 1881. What was the next
increase in your capital stock after the issue of the stock for the Amer-
ican Union f •
Mr. GwiNN. Is that the twenty-first question f
The Chaibman. We have not followed the order strictly. Br. Green
undertook to give us in answer to a general question a statement of all
the diflerent consolidations, and I thought beet to continue in that line.
We reach the Mutual Union next, I think.
The Witness. I gave you yesterday the stock issued for the purchase
of the stock of the AUautic and Pacific Telegraph Company, the Americaa
Union Telegraph Company, and the capitalization of the surplus by the
distribution of $15,526,000 of stock to the old stockholders of the West-
em Union.
By the Chaibman :
Q. When was that made f— A. That ¥ras made a part of the general
deal in taking up the American Union and Atlantic and Pacific. As I
said, it was stipulated that before taking them in, at least before they
could share in the company, the company should capitalize its surplns
invested in telegraph properties, and distribute it to its stockholders.
It was a part, however, of the same contract.
Q. What comes next to that f — A. Next to that is only a general
item, covering the whole of the period from 1866 to the present time, of
small amounts of stock issued in exchange for miscellaneous leases and
for patents, amounting to only $11,310.
Q. That was also in 1881 f — A. No, sir ; I say that covers the entire
period.
Q. When was it issued f — A. It was issued item time to time under
the obligations of the company.
The Chaibman. That is a small amount. It is immaterial.
The Witness. It was issued under the contract of the company that
they wonld exchange it for certain stocks. These were fractions coming
in from time to time, altogether $11,310. I think I have omitted
nothing ; but, for fear that I have, I will, if the chairman wishes, file the
paper which is the work of the secretary of the company who keeps the
records and who has given it to me.
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 225
Q. Docs that bring it down to the present time f — A. That is all the
capital stock that has been issued.
Q. You have acquired other property than that yon have mentioned
hereT — A. We have acquired other property; yes, sir. Since 1881 we
have leased the Northwestern Telegraph Company, and acquired a large
interest in the Great Northwestern Company of Canada, and we have
also purchased and paid for in cash the lines of the Michigan Telegraph
Company. They were lines in Michigan belonging chiefly to Mr.,
Balch.
Q. How much did you pay for that property! — A. About $I60,00().
It may have been $162,000 or $163,000. It was a value obtained by
arbitration.
Q. You need hot go into the details of that. It is a small matter.
Are there any other items f — A. Yes, sir. We leased the two American
cables, the International Ocean Telegraph Company, having cables to
Cuba, and the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company. Those transactions
required the issue of no additional stock.
Q. Are there any others? — A. I do not recall any others.
Q. Did you acquire the Mutual Union Line? — A. Yes, sir. That was
the last acquisition. I thought I had mentioned that.
Q. When was that acquisition made? — A. It was completed during
my absence. The contract was made in February, originally.
Q. February of what year? — A. February, 1883. It was really taken
over in part in February. We were estopped by an injunction at the
suit of Mr. ReifF, and had to work it separately for three or four months
at an additional cost of nearly $300,000. The injunction was finally dis-
solved and we took it over.
Q. Can you give us the terms of that contract? — A. The terras of that
contract were that we were to pay the interest on their bonds and IJ per
cent, dividend on their stock.
Q. You did not issue any new stock for them ? — A. No new stock.
Q. What was the amount of their bonds?— A. Five millions.
Q. And how much stock? — A. Ten millions.
Q. And you pay IJ per cent, per annum on that? — A. Yes, sir. '
Q. For how long a time? — A. I think it is ninety-nine years. It is the
usual term of our leases. It is substantially permanent.
Q. What is the interest on the bonds? — A. The interest on the bonds
is 6 per cent.
Q. How much property did you acquire from them ? It is a very
recent transaction and I suppose you will have in your memory some-
where near the amount. — A. I do not know. I could answer that ques-
tion if I had prepared for it; but I cannot answer it now.
Q. Can yon not give a close approximation of the amount? — A. I
remember now that they reported to the Stock Exchange 50,000 miles of
wire, and that one of our directors, who was quite an expert in figuring
out such matters, ciphered them down to about 44,000.
Q. Your opinion is then that there were about 44,000 miles of wiie? —
A. That is my opinion. That is what was ciphered down by one of our
directors who had a suit against them and was after them for a dissolu-
tion of their charter.
Q. About how many miles of poles were thef'e ? — A. 1 should estimate
that they had about an average of two wires to the pole.
Q. That would be about 22,000 miles of poles?— A. Yes, sir; proba-
bly over 20,000 miles. 1 confess that in making tbe U^4fc^^ Vi'^'jw
sharper eye to the revenues and expenses t\iau Xo \Xi^ m^^aj^^* ^\>afe
revenues were about $120,000 a month.
S, Rep. r)77, pt. 2 15
^ i 1
^26
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN.
Q. Do you mean the receiptHof the Mutual Union f — A. Yes, sir; the
receipts of the Mutual Union. They claimed $ 12.i,fK)0 a niont h. 1 should
8ay they were about $120,000. We estimated that we liould takeover
those earnings at less than half the expense they were at to ^et tbein.
Q. Did the Mutual Union Company cover any in])K>rtant territor} or
reach any important places which had not been reached belon* by the
Western Union, and were not at that time covered by the Wf^stern
Union 1 — A. That depends ver>' much on what yon call iniportaDt])lace$.
They reached a great many points that the Western Union did not
reach, but they were not among the larger commercial cities. The
Western Union had already reached every im])ortant commercial city.
They reached a great many small points on their highway routes tbat
we did not touch.
Q. Can you name any important )>]ace? — A. 1 cannot name anyplace
of importance. There may have been places of importaDce. I cannot
say that there were. 1 can only say that they occupied highways that
we were not on, and had a great many offices at places where we bad
not any. We had occasionally to turn a message over to them to enable
it to reach its destination.
Q. Did you add anything materially to your facilities for doing busi-
ness by this trade T — A. 1 think we did, sir. Forty- four thousand miles
of wire is a very material addition to our facilities. I have said before
that we could utilize all the wire we acquired, and we could use wore.
By Mr. Gwinn :
• Q. And you added large gross revenues f — A. Yes. We had more
than sufficient facilities to do the business that we took over ; but tbere
are always places where we need additional wire. The fact that we
needed their wire is evidenced by the fact that we went on building wire
all the time after we got them.
By the Chairman :
Q. Over the same lines ! — A. Over some of the same routes.
Q. Between a few of the large cities, 1 suppose f — Yes, sir.
Q.* Bill not generally over the country where their lines extended!—
A. Not universally so.
Q. Over what proportion of the routes that they occupied have yoa
added anything to these facilities f — A. We have constantly added
wires from New York to Boston. We have constantly added facilities
on the through routes between New York and Chicago.
Q. What do you estimate to be the cost per mile of erecting lines
through the country t 1 mean country lines; not those between a few
of the larger cities; say, out in the Western countrj^ I — A. The cost is
very variable. In the Western country, where timber is plenty, and
where we can get x>ole^ with facility, a pole line Ciin be erecied capable
of carrying from two to four wires at about $150 a mile. On the over-
land routfS to the Pacific it will cost three or four times that luucb.
The cheapest lines we can build will cost us $150 a mile for the \H>\es.
The most expensive lines will cost from $(>00to$8<M)amile for thepob-s.
1 estimate the present cost of erecting wire on i)oles, except where tbe
wire is to be transported to the Pacific or to the Pacific routes, at alwut
$45 a mile.
Q. How much do you say the cheapest line of poles costs T — A. The
cheapest lines we build will cost for the |>oles $150 a mile, that is, lor
timber,
cases our
l)oles either of cedar or chestnut. We (io not use the common tii
That includes the transportation and their erection. In most cast
TliSTiMOKY OF KOUVIX GLEEN. 227
pole i) cost US as much, or more, to tmusport them as they do to purchase
theui. We buy from 50,000 to 150,000 poles at a time constantly, that
are brought over from Canada, where there is plenty of cedar, and it is
cheaper than we can get it anywhere else. Throughout the South At-
lantic States, or the Southern States east of the Mississippi River, we
get our supply chiefly from the mountains about the headwaters of the
Tennessee Kiver, where there is plenty of cedar.
Q. How many i:oles do you erect to the mile in your cheapest lines? —
A. Rarely less than forty ; generally forty in the cheaper lines. The
original lines were built with about thirty poles to the mile, but they
♦were not sufficient.
Q. You have no general rule about the number of poles f — A. Oh, no ;
no general rule. For heavy lines we often use sixty poles to the mile.
By Senator Palmer :
Q. It depends somewhat on the conformation of the country T — A. It
depends somew^hat upon the conformation of the country. • )ver the
Allegheny Mountains, on the through routes, where the roads are
crooked and rugged, we use as high as eighty poles to the mile.
By the Chairman :
Q. The cost of the wire is pretty uniform all over the country, I sup-
pose ; it does not vary very much ! — A. Yes, it does vary, because our
wire on the Southern Pacific Railroad cost twice as much for its trans-
portation there as the wire cost at the factory.
Q. What do you estimate to be the cost per mile of wire put up f — A.
Including the transpoitation, labor, cross-arms or brackets, and insu-
lators, I estimate it at $45 a mile. I am speaking now of No. 6 and No.
8* wire. Our No. 4 wire, of which we have several thousand miles, costs
us as high as 150 a mile at the factory.
Q, What wire do you use mostly f — A. Mostly No. 6.
Q. That costs you how much, including everything f — A. That would
cost more than $45. I estimate that the average wire. No. 6 and No. 8,
would cost $45 a mile. I do not think that any of these opposition
companies that we have taken up have built their lines anything like so
low as that. In the first place, it costs them a great deal of money for
the right of way. Our right of way costs us a great deal. It is a con-
tinuing cost on our part. But it did not cost us any money cash down.
We pay for it by service to the railroad companies. Our lines on the
through routes, the great trunk lines, where we have from eight to
eighteen wires to the pole, I think cost us all of $600 per mile for the
pole routes, and in some instances more than that.
Q. That is between the large cities t — A. Yes, sir.
Q. But that is a very small percentage of the whole f — A. It is not a
very small percentage of the whole.
Q. Of the whole number of miles 1 — A. No, sir. If you take our lines ,
from New York to Portland in one direction, and from New York to
Washington south, and the two or three heavy routes from New York
to Chicago and Saint Louis, they make considerable percentage of the
whole.
Q. Could you give us a pretty close approximation of what it would
have cost you to have constructed the property which you acquired from
the Mutual Union T — A. I could not, sir. I can only say that they
demonstrated to me that it had cost them more than $5,000,000. What
it would cost to duplicate it, I canpot say.
1
228
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN.
Q. I made an iDquiry yesterday an to whether the officers of the
Western Union, and the officers of the American XJoion
The Witness. Before we get off that subject, I think it is only jo^t
to my company to say that we do not consider the cost of the poles ami
wires as the value of onr property. We think that there is a more im-
portant element of value, or another element quite as important to be
taken into account — its franchise, its privileges, its advantages, and its
earning capacity. I do not want the committee to understand tliati
give the estimated cost of poles and wires as the value of our property.
Q. Its earning capacity de|>ends very largely upon luaiutaiuing a
monopoly^ does it not ? — A. I have told the committee that with three
competing lines at Chicago, our earnings are larger than thoy ever
were.
Q. You will hardly want to go on record as stating as a general propo-
sition that your property would be worth less with abundance of com
petition than with a monopoly, would you f — A. I do not understand
what you mean.
Q. I asked you if the earning capacity of your property, which yoa
say is the important consideration with you, is not very largely depend-
ent upon maintaining a monopoly of the business ? — A. I answer that
it is not entirely dependent on the maintenance of a monopoly of the
business. We have never had a monopoly of the business. There never
has been a time when we had not com|)eting Hues. Of course I will say
that a more formidable competition than we have ever had might re-
duce our earnings.
Q. Has not the competition you have had at times had that effect!—
A. It has never had any appreciable effect upon the continued growth
of our earnings, except when the Atlantic and Pacific made a drive of
rates at us, and reduced the rate to 25 cents to all ]K)ints east of the Mis-
sissippi River. That was a losing rate for the business which had to be
competed for, and affected our revenues. On that subject, 1 desire to
say here that from my experience the revenues of the company from
telegraph service will grow by a continuing and conservative redaction
of rates : but with a sweeping reduction they would be materially dam-
aged. The time may come when we can send a message a good deal
further for 25 cents than we do now. We send it now for 25 ceuts withiu
a range of 500 miles at a small profit.
Q. You would call net earnings of $8,000,000 against expenses of
$11,000,000 very conservative, would you not 1 — A. 1 do not care to ex-
press an opinion upon that qnestion. I do not think I ought to be asked
to do so. I am here to testify to facts. When you ask me my opin-
ion
The Chairman. You have been expressing opinions very freely as to
what the policy of the company was in regard to a conservative redac-
tion of rates, and I merely asked you if you considered that conservative.
That was all. It was in the lineof your own statement, giving an opin-
ion.
The Witness. I will say to the chairman very frankly that we oper-
ate our company to get the greatest amount of revenue we can. When
I spoke of a conservative reduction of rates I spoke of it as giving us
a larger revenue. We do not often reduce rates except when we be-
lieve it will give us a larger revenue. The opinion has been expressed
to this committee by a gentleman claiming to be an expert that a large
reduction of rates would give more revenue and make more money. 1
say that that will only be the result when the reduction is conserva-
tively made, and that a sweeping reduction would give much less rev-
enue.
TESTIMONY OF KOBVIN GREEN. 229
Q. Was not your object in acquiring tbe Mutual Union, as in fact all
these either hirger interests, really to avoid competition f-*-A. Partly,
bnt not solely. We were i>erfectly aware that we would have other
competition stimnlated by it. The object was to acquire more revenue
at less expense. We believed that we should take over more than
$iOO,(MH) a month of their $120,tKK) a month of revenue, which we
would be able to handle at a cost of $50,000 a month. We thought it
a good trjuh\ But with a view of removing com|)etition entirely we
certainly could not have taken th.it action when there were two other
comjieting companies in the field, and we were i>erfectly aware that
taking up one com])any would only stimulate the others.
Q. Alter you acquired the Atlantic and Pacific property you found a
very material increase in your revenue from an increase of rates, did
you nolf — A. Only the restoration in part of the nites existing before
that war of rates was made. A great many of the 25-cent rates brought
about by that war ol* rates were allowed to continue, but beyond com-
peting }>oints the rates were not restored to the extent of the full amount
that had been charged before. For instance, the rate to Chicago had
been 75 cents. It was made 60 cents. The rate to Omaha was made 75
cents. Now, I think it is only 00 cents. It was made 75 cents, but it
had been before at least a dollar, and probably more. That is tbe only
instance of any increase of rates to competing points following an ab-
sorption of competing lines, and that was so because there had been a
decided and avowed war of rates.
Q. That was the only case where you have either restored rates or in-
creased them afterwards f — A. The only one of note. There may have
been triding instances, but that is the only one of any note applying to
any considerable number of offices.
Q. Were there not some quite large increases made in certain por-
tions of the South, for instance, upon tbe rates south of Louisville f —
A. I think not. The rates South are lower now than they ever were.
Q. Tes, but that is not answering my question. — A. I think there was
a rate of 75 cents at the time of the Atlantic and Pacific to New Orleans,
which was afterwards made a dollar, and has been put back to 75 cents.
The rate between New York and New Orleans is now 75 cents.
Q. 1 asked you yesterday if any of the directors of the Western Union
Company at the time of the consolidation with the American Union Com-
pany were also dii-ectorsof the American Union Company t — A. No, mt;
none.
Q. There were none! — A. None. I could verify that.
Q. Were not Mr. Gould, and Mr. Sage, and Mr. Eckert directors of
the American Union Company! — A. They were not directors of the
Western Union Company; they were dii-ectors of the American Union«
but not of the Western Union.
Q. They were not on the board at all t— A. Not of the Western Union
previous to tbe taking up of the American Union.
Q. The twenty-fourth interrogatory relates to the amount of stock
which the Western Union Company, or its officers or directors, held in
certain companies before the consolidation. Are you prepared to answer,
first, as to whether the Western Union Company or any of its officers or
directors held any stock in the American Union t — A. I do not know of
a share, sir.
Q. Ton do not know that there were none t — A. 1 do not know that
there were none , but I do not know of a share.
Q. Or in the United States Company t — A. Or in the United States.
230 TllSTlMONY OF NORVIX GREFN.
You understand that was before my connection with the Western Union;
but I do not think there was any in either instance.
Q. There wan none of the stock of the American Union Com|)any
owned either by the Western Union Company or its officers or direct-
orsf — A. Not a share that I know of or have heard of.
Q. What is your answer as to the Atlantic and Pacific Company f—
A. When we made the pooling arrangement with the Atlantic and Pa
cific we made a contract for a little less than half of its stock, which
was afterwards turned over to ns^ and that probably bad been increased
from time to time to a little more than half when the final absorption of
that company was made.
Q. The Western Union Company owned about half of the stock at the
time the consolidation was madet — A. At the time of the final consoli-
dation. It did not own any of the stock at the time the pooling agree-
ment was made, though there was an understanding by which we were
to )>urchase some of the stock from certain large holders in the Atlantic
and Pacific.
Q. Do you know at what rate the stock which the Western Union
owned in the Atlantic and Pacific was purchased before the final con-
solidation was made t — A. I think it was purchased at 25 cents. The
company was at a low ebb at that time, but the stock sold very freelj
at
Q. Did not the Western Union acquire a controlling interest in the
Atlantic and Pacific before the final consolidation f — A. Tes; before
the final consolidation I think it did. 1 am not sure it had a majority
of the stock, but it had substantially a controlling interest at ail of its
stockholders' meetings. All the stock was never represented.
Q. At what rate was the stock which they did not control at that time
taken in afterwards f — A. At 60 per cent, in stock of the Western Union.
But I began to say, and I think I am entitled to say, that the pooling
arrangement increased the value of the Atlantic and P;!cific stock and
made it a dividend-paying stock and contteqnently it sold very freely on
the market above 50 before the final absorption.
Q. The- next interrogatory contains the substance of what has bc^eu
asked several times l^fore. It is, whether all these lines which yon
have acquired ^m the several competing companies have been main
tained and kept in working order by the Western Union Company.—
A. That I think 1 have answered. Before the chairman gets away 1
wish to call his attention to a |K)int. I do not want to dodge anythiuj^.
I want to answer everything promptly and squarely. I think he has
omitted to ask me whether any interest was held in "the Mutual Union.
I have not answered that we ha<l no interest in any of the companies
we absorbed. At the time the negotiations for the Mutual Union com-
menced the Western Union were the owners of thi ee millions of its stock
out of the ten millions which composed it. Before the consummation ut'
the negotiations we sold that stock at what we thought was a better
price than it would sell for afterwards, and so it turned out. We sold
it at 20, and I think it has been selling on the market since at about 17
oris.
Q. Is that the stock on which you pay perpetually IJJ per cent, t— -A.
Yes, sir ; 1^ per cent
Q. At the time of the final trade with the Mutual Union, which 1
think you said was in February, 1883, <lid the Western Union, orany ot
its officers or directors own any stock in itt — A. The Western Union
Company owned this $3,000,000 at the time we commenced negotiations.
Q. But afterwards sold it, you say t — A. Yes, sir.
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 231
Q. At the time the negotiation was perfected did they own any t— A.
^o, sir.
Q. They did not own any of the stock t — A. We owned the right to
call that stock back. We sold it with the right to recall it. That is all.
I do not know of any director that owned any.
Q. That was three oat of the ten millions t — A. That was three oat
of the ten millions.
Q. You state that you have answered the question as to whether yoa
have kept the property acquired in working order, and maintained it aa
working property; but your answer did not give us any information
upon that point. You did not state what proportion of the lines you
maintain. — A. I should say that 95 per cent, of all the lines we have
acquired have been kept and operated. Not that large percentage of
them have been kept intact Where the poles have given out in many
instances instead of rebuilding them we have moved the wires on to our
X)ole8.
Q. Is that estimate based on figures from your books t — A. No; but
I know we have neither sold nor destroyed any considerable amount.
We have not sold any wire over 40 or 50 miles long anywhere, except
where there was some telephone company in which we were interested.
Q. Have you found it necessary to keep up two lines of poles and
wires in every case t — A. I said we have not kept up 95 per cent, of
them intact, but we have kept them so as to have all the benefits of the
facilities of the wires.
Q. You have not kept 95 per cent, of the pole lines t — ^A. No, sir.
Q. Have you an idea of what percentage of the pole lines you have
kept up t — A. I cannot give you the facts and figures, but certainly
more than 60 per cent. We always keep the pole lines until the poles
give out. When the poles give out, instead of rebuilding the old line
intact where it was, as in the instance I mentioned where it was outside
of the right of way of the railroad, and in the bushes, we have either
rebuilt it on new poles further in or put it in our poles. There are very
many instances in which we have of choice elected to build two linee
on a railroad and occupy both sides of the road ; very many* instances.
There is more reliability to be placed on twelve or fifteen wires put on
two lines of poles than if they are all on one line of poles. Then, too,
we have also thought it desirable to occupy both sides of the road ia
many instances.
Q. Have any bonds ever been issued by the Western (Jnion Company
for any other consideration than money t — A. I do not know what yoa
would call any other consideration. We issued bonds for the purchase
of the California State stock. Some of those bonds were sold to the
stockholders and the pay taken in stock. We issued some bonds ia
1807 for the purchase of the stock of what was called the American Unioa
Overland Extension. Before the cables were laid across the Atlantic,
the president of the Western Union Company went to St. Petersburg
and arranged with the Russian Government to build one-halt of the line
from New York to St. Petersburg, the whole distance being about four-
teen thousand miles. He undertook to build 7,000 miles of the line,
which involved a cable of 000 miles across the Straits and a line way up
the Amoor River.
Q. Thisproperty was afterwanls acquired for bonds t— A. That prop-
<^rty we acquired for bonds. It had been built pretty much up through
British America. The company had quit« a little fieet of sailing vessels,
and in one of them, the Egmont, they had some seventy or eighty milee
of deep-sea cable.
232 TESTIMONY OP NOBVIN GREEN.
Q. What amount of bonds did you issue for that purchase 1 — A. A
little over three millions.
Q. Have any other bonds been issued by the company except those
you have mentioned, in payment for property f — A. Thei« are $ 1 ,500,000
of bonds on our New York building. They were sold for money, but the
money was applied to the building.
Q. How much cash has been received into the Western Union treas-
ury from its organization to the present time on ac<*x)unt of ^ubscrip•
tions to capital stock f — A. I do not know anything about that. There
has been no stock sold b}' subscription since 1 have been connected with
the company.
Q. Are you aware of the facts back of that time! — A. No, sir; 1
know nothing of the original organization. The cash that has been
received into the treasury since 1866 is shown in our annual reports^
and what disposition was made of it is shown by the same reports.
As our company was an organization of a lot of telegraph companies, all
being entitled to so much stock for their properties, it seems to me it
might be a company owning very valuable proi>erty, although it never
had a dollar of money paid for its stock.
The Chairman. The committee has requested you to furnish copies
of all the contracts with press associations since 1865.
Mr. GwiNN. Mr. Chairman, I would be glad if jou would include in
that question all other questions which call for copies of contracts.
The Chairman. Copies of contracts with railroad companies are also
called for.
Mr. GwiNN. Contracts with railroad companies and cable companies.
The Chairman. Yes.'
The Witness. I indicated on yesterday, Mr. Chairman, what ray po-
sition would be on those questions. 1 have furnished the committee a
copy of the Associated Ptess contract, which I said was assented
to by the Associated Press because there had been so much misrepre-
sentation about our giving to the Associated Press any peculiar prefer-
ential advantages. They consented to publish that contract in order to
dissipate that impression. As that contract refers to other contracts, I
have said to the committee that if I can get the assent of my company
and of the Western Associated Press, I would furnish the other con-
tracts to which that contract refers. I hope to Iw relieved from any
pressure to furnish any additional contracts. My counsel will read my
response.
The Chairman. I do not think we want to hear any argument on
that subject.
Mr. GwiNN. I do not want to make any argument, but just to put
the matter on record.
The Chairman. If there is any statement that Dr. Green wishes to
make in connection with his refusal to furnish copies of these contracts
it may go on file and be made 'part of the record.
Mr. GwiNN. I simply want to read it, that yon may understand its
purport.
The Chairman. Is it brief!
Mr. GwiNN. It is very brief.
The Chairman. If it is brief we will hear it, although, of coarse, this
committee cannot decide whether the Senate has a right to call for
these contracts.
Mr. GwiNN. I bave recognized that fact. I will read the paper:
To the Chaimiao of the Suboomroittee of the Senate on Poet-Offices and Post Roads :
The witness deHires that the qaestions nnmbercd 27, 35, and 36, addrensed to him as
a witness, reqniriu^ him to give to the subcommittee copies of the contracts made by
the Western Union Telegraph Company with the railroad companies therein referred to^
and with prens associations, and with certain cable companies, be referred to the whole
Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Road-, that naid whole couimittee may determine
wh»ther the witness ought to be required to furnish said copies.
The witness, acting under the advice of counsel, submits the following reasons for
his detsire that said questions should be considered, after argument, by said full com-
mittee:
The particular questions tend only to the discover^' of the contents of contracts
mrde by the Western Union Telegraph Company in the conduct of its private busi-
ness. (Kilbouru r«. Thompson, 103 U. S. Reports, 195.)
It is not preteuded that any ooe of these contracts contravened any provision of tho
act of Congress of July 24, le66, or any other law of the Uniled States, or even that
any one of such contracts exceed' d the corporate powers of said company as a body
duly incorporated under the laws of the State ot New York, and transsicting, by
comity, corporate business, in other States of the Union.
This being the case, the witness respectfully submits that these contracts constitute
a part of the private business of said company, and that neither this subcommittee
nor the whole committee, nor the Senate, has the rightful power to require the wit-
ness to produce said contracts, as he is by said questions required to do, even if the
witness was able to comply with such requirement, and the same was insisted upon.
(Kilbourn r«. Thompson, 103 U. S., 196)
The witness has (Kilbourn r«. Thompsou, 103 U. S., 19'>) voluntarily chosen to tell
the subcommittee all matters within his personal knowledge concerning which the
subcommittee has been pleased to inquire.
He submits that, for the reasons already given, he ought, not to be asked to exceed
the limit which has been reached.
If the inquiries proposed, however, and the requirements made of him were insisted
upon, he is advised by counsel that he would not be able to comply with the request
because the contract, copies of which he is required to produce, are not in his custody
or control, and the same cannot be removed from the custody of the particular officer
in whose charge they are, or copied, without tbe order of th^ board of directors, or
the executive committee, made in pursuance of their own authority, or of some law-
ful reouirement, nor could said contracts be properly produced without the consent of
the other parties to said respective contracts.
NORVIN GREEN.
Wabhington, Fehruary 26, 1884.
The Witness. I have interliDcd after " board of directors'' "or ex-
ecutive committee." Under our organization, the executive committee
have all the |>owers of the board in the absence of the board.
Q. Is the Western Union Company a private corporation in the same
sense that this realentate pool was which was in court at that timef —
A. It is a "i>er8on'' according; to the
Mr. GwiNN. As that is a legal question, I will answer that it is.
The Witness. I also desire to present the opinion upon which I have
acted here. It is the opinion of Judge Dillon and General Swayne^
substantially to the same purport. In the conclusion to that opinloD
they advise me:
No distinction exists in this regard between the rights of a natural and a corporate
person. ^
Shall I file this opinion as a part of my remarks f
The Chairman. You may.
The Witness. I will not trouble the committee to hear it
The opinion is as follows :
(John F. DiUon, Wager Swajne. — Dillon A, Swimie, attorneys and ooanMlors at law, 106 Broadway^
West em Union building.] •
New York, February 23, 1884.
Dear Sir: You have shown to us as coanselof the company a Senate resolution, in
which you are required to appear and testify as a witness, lou have also shown oa
234 TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREKX.
a paper containing an ennmeratiou of thirty-Beven subjects on which the ccmmitir*
<le8ire8 information, and npon which questions will be nskcd, and among tbeui on«
Tequiiing*yo" *o furnish copies of contracts between yonr company and the New York
Central Railroad Company, and other enumerated railroad companies, and also on*
requiring you to furnish copies of contract-s with press associations sincu I8G5. You
inquire whether it is your duty to fiimish such copies. After a careful scrutiny of tb«
Senate resolution we discover no satisfactory evidence therein that it was intended
to authorize the committee to go so far as to require the production of the private
•contracts of the Western Union Company of the character specified, and more es-
pecially as the Supreme Court of the United States has decided, upon careful consid-
eration, in the well known case of Eilbourn r. Thompson, ''Thut neither House of
Congress," nor any committee appointed by it, ** possesses the general power of mak-
ing inquiry into the private afiairs of the citizen.'' No distinction exists in this re-
gard between the rights of a natural and a corporate person.
Very truly, yours,
DILLON & 8WAYNE.
Dr. NoRViN Green,
Preaident Wt9Um Union Telegraph Company,
The Chairman. In the Ktlbourn and Thompson case it was asked
by the court, if I remember rightly, whether this real estate pool was a
corporation none of whose powers Congress could repeal t
Mr. GwiNN. I have the case here.
The Chairman. We do not care to go into it fully, because as I said
before, the committee cannot make any decision in the premises.
Mr. GwiNN. So I understood, as you will perceive by the terms of
the answer.
The Chairman. I think it is unnecessary to discuss the matter. I
merely make the demand upon Mr. Green to furnish copies of these
<^ntracts, which demand my duty requires me to. make, and Mr. Greea
declines to furnish them.
Mr. GwiNN. Yes, sir.
The Witness. I wish to say to the ch.airman that I will answer any
questions as to the general features and provisions of those contracts
within my knowledge.
. Q. [Exhibiting paper.] Here is a copy of a contract which was made
a part of the court records in the case of the Western Union Telegraph
Company againstthe Western and Atlantic Kailroad Company. Is this
substantially the same as all of your railroad contracts f— A. I think
not, sir. I have here this morning by telegraph from Mr. Van Horn^
who has charge of all our contract relations, our standard form of con-
tract. In a very large number of instances, this i^ntract is our railroad
contract. In a great many instances it is varied so as to be either bet-
ter or worse for the company ; that is, a little more onerous terms'are
sometimes submitted to by the company, and a little better terms artt
sometimes obtained than we generally get, especially on unimportant
Toa^ls, as, for instance, on a road running from Pensacola to Jackson-
ville, in Florida, where there is not likely to be :«ny telegraphic busi-
ness worth mentioning. On an important' cross-line of telegraph like
that we expect the railroad company to bear some part of the expense
of constructing the line, as it is a great deal more for their benefit than
for ours.
The Chaibman. I would like to read one section of this contract,
which was put into the records of the court at the time this case wa«
tried, and then ask you a question in regard to it.
That the party of the first part shaU have perpetual right of way to erect and mafn-
tain telegraph lines along said railroad of as many wires as may be necesAary to its
hutfiuess, and additional lines of poles whenever the said party in the first part shaU
so elect, and exclusive right of way so far as the said party of the second part [that
is, the railroad company') has the power to grant or secure the same; and said party
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREKN 235
of the second pari, if it has the right and power to refuse, will not transport poles,
wires, or other material, for any other tele^^raph company at less than full rates of
freight thereon, nor distribute or unload the same at other than iho regular railroad
stations of said road, and sliould a competing line of telegraph be esfablisbod on said
railroad, then the party of the tirst part shall be released from its stipulation to
trasmit free of charge auy business of said railroad company otf or beyoud its line of
road.
Q. Is that a provision cdmmoii to all these railroad contractsf — A.
Excepting the last clause yoa read, it is a provision common to most
of them. That last clause to the effect that we shall be relieved from
performing our part of the contract is novel. I should not have remem-
bered it as being in auy contract, except that I see ii there. But as to
the clause in which they guarantee us an exclusive right of way so far
as the railroad company has power to maintain that position, and that
they will not afford accommodation to competing lines by distributing
their poles along the road other than they are bound to do at regular
stations, those two clauses are very common features in our contracts.
Q. You generally require that there shall be a provision by which the
railroad company binds itself not to distribute material for any com-
peting company unless it does it at full rates. — A. That is a feature io
the majority of our contracts.
Q. And then only at stations. — A. Tes, sir.
The Chairman. I think this contract had better be made a part of
the record. In this case the railroad company paid the telegraph com-
pany for the cost of one wire, of which they were to have the exclusive
use, and the question in the case was whether, under the contract, the
property in the wire passed to the railroad company. The Supreme
Court held that it did not, and compelled the latter to account to the
telegraph company for receipts on commercial business. We will let
this paper go in in connection with this examination.
The Witness. We have no objection.
The paper is as follows :
In the Supreme Court of the United States^ Oct. term, 1875.
W. U. Tel. Co.
Western and Atlantic R
. R. Co. )
f Extract from record. Exhibit A.]
Articles of agreement made and entered into by and between the Western Uni
Telegraph Co., a corporation under the laws of the State of New York, as party of
the first part, and the Western and Atlantic Railroad Company, a corporation under
the laws of the State of Georgia, as party of the second part, witnesseth :
That in order to provide better facilities for the party of the second part, and to a
better understanding of the terms on which the party of the tirst part shall occupy
the line of railroad of the party of the second part with the line or lines of telegrapk
wires belonging to the party of the iirst part, and to permanently settle and define
the business relations between the respective parties hereto, it is mutually contracted
and agreed, in consideration of the respective obligations herein assumed, as fol-
lows, to wit :
The party of the first part agrees : First. To set apart on its line of poles along said
railroad, a telegraph wire for the exclusivie use of said party of the second part.
Second. To equip said line of wire with as many instruments, batteries, and other
necessary fixtures as said part^ of the second part may require for use in its railroad
stntions, and to put the same m complete working onter.
Third. To run said wire into all the offices of said party of the first part along the
line of said railroad.
Fourth. To have said wire set apart for the exclusive use of said railroad companf
in the transmission of messages on the business of said railroad on and along the line
thereof; and all messages originating at auy point on said road, whether sent from or
236 TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN.
received at the stations of said party of tbe second part or the 8tatioD8X)f said party
of the first part, on said road, shall be tranAroitted and delivered fm^ (»f charge.
Fifth. When the wire set apart to said railroad coiiipany shall not be iu w< rkiog
order, to transmit free of charge over other wires of said telegraph company the
messages of the officers and agents of the party of the second part on the hnsinessof
•aid railroad company, between points on said road where said telegraph couipaoj
may have statiouH, giving precedence to messages relating to th» luovenienr of trains
over any commercial or paid niCfUiages, so far asthe statutes of the S ate or the United
States may allow snch precedence.
Sixth. To furnish such principal officers and agents of the party of the second part
as • ay be designated, by application in writing, of the general superintendent ot said
railroad company, with annual franks or passes entitHng them to send messagcN free
over all the lines of the party of the first part: Prarided, Aoweter, That said party of
the first part shall be entitled to charge up and keep account of all snch messages
transmitted to or from any point off the line of said road of the second part, at its
nsual rates for the transmission of commercial messages, and for all of such account
above the amount of $200 in any one month said party of the second part shall pay
one-half thereof, being half-rates for all the buHtness done over the lines of the said
party of the first part above the said sum of |200 per month, or in any one uiooth;
and the part If of Ike second part>y in consideration of, and agreeing to all the foregoing,
further covenants —
First. That the party of the first part shall have perpetual right of way to erect
and maintain telegraph lines along said railroad of as many wires na it may deem nec-
essary to its business, and additional lines of pole« whenever the said party of the first
part shall so elect, and exclusive right of way so far as the said party of the second
part has the power to grant or secure the same ; and said party of the second part, if
It has the rignt and power to refuse, will not transport poles, wire, or other material
for any other telegraph company at less than full rates of freight thereon, nor dis
tribute or unload the same at other than the regular railroad stations of said road, and
should a competing line of telegraph be established along said railroad, then the |»arty
of the first part shall be released from its stipulation to transmit free of cha*ge any
business of said railroad company oS'or beyond its line of road.
Second. To transport for said party of the first part, free of charge, all |»oleA, wire,
and other material required by said party of the first part for the construction, recnn-
struction, repairs, or maintenance and operation of its lines, and distribute at the
places required such poles, wire, and other heavy material as may be needed along
the line of said railroad, either in the construction of additional lines or in the repair
of the same and of existing lines.
Third. To transport in any of ita passenger trains the officers and agents of the
party of the first part, and put tbeui off at any station on said road, or at any dis-
covered break of the telegraph wires, such officers or agents presenting franks or
passes, which shall be supplied at any ticket office of said party of the second part,
on the application of a supeiintendent of the party of the first part.
Fourth. To maintain all such telegraph stations as may be opened by or for the use
and benefit of said railroad company, at the exclusive cost of the party of the second
part, to appoint its own operators thereat, but to retain no operator who lefuses or
persistently neglects to obey the rules and regulations of said party of the first i»art.
Fifth. To receive for transmission and send over the wires, and deliver to address, at
the railroad telegraph offices in town or at stations where the party of the first part may
have no offices, all commercial or other messages, paid or to be collected, that may
be offered under the rules of said party of the first part>, and make monthly reports
thereof, and pay over monthly to said party of the first part all the tolls collected
thereon ; and to cause the operators and agenta of said party of tbe second part to
observe all the rules and regulations of the party of th«i first part with reapect to the
monthly reporta of business and payment of all receipts thereon, and the regular
rates of toll shall accrue to the partyof the first part on any and all business received
at or transmitted from the telefp'aph stations ^f tbe said party of the second part, ex-
cept the legitimate railroad messages of the said party of the second part.
Sixth. To pay to said party of the first part the cost of constructing the wire herein
designated and set apart to the exclusive use of said party of the second part, and
the cost of equipping the same at the railroad stations not already saDplied with in-
struments, batteries, and other necessary fixtures, as soon as the cost thereof can be
ascertained.
In witness whereof the parties hereto have by their proper officers and under their
corporate seals duly executed this agreemeut this l6th day of August, 1870.
THB Western Union Tklkgraph Compant,
[L. 8.] By WILLIAM ORTON, Freaid^t.
Attest:
GEORGE WALKKR, Se&jf pro tern,
Thk Wkstkkn ani> Atlantic Railroai),
[l. 8.] By FOSTER BLODGETT, Hupt. W. 4- A. B, &
TESTIB10^Y OF NOBVIN GREKN 237
It apfveare from tbe recor«1 (p. 15) that tbiH wire wan 140 miles hmfi and was charged
to tbe B. K. Co. by the W. U. Co.. at |6,97H.44~le8S than f:>0 per mile.
The queMtioD in this ca8e was whether, under above contract, tbe property in the
wire passed to the R. R. Co. The Supreme Court held tha^ it did not, and compelled
tbe latter to account with tbe Tel. Co. for receipts on commercial business. (See also
contract W. U. Tel. Co. with. Pensacola and Louisville R. R. Co. at page 41 of ri'cord
in 8np. Ct., in Penaacola Tel. Co. r». W. U. Tel. Co., Oct. term, 1877.)
Q. We have asked you for copies of the official reports of your com-
pany since 1865. What is the answer as to them f^-A. I laid on your
table yesterday all I had.
• Q. What years are not included t — A. There was no printed report
made previous to 1873, except the one in 1869, of ivhich 1 think Mr. Hub-
bard furnished yon a copy. I have given you the reports from 1873 to
1883, inclusive.
Q. Doe^ not the law of the State of New York under which yon are
incorporated require yon to make an annual report t — A. I do not know
whether it does or not. We are making annual reports.
Q. When yon omitted during these years to make annual reports, was
it in violation of the laws of the State t — A. I cannot say. I was not
present then. I know that only one report was printed previous to 1873.
It is very likely there were reports made to the board each year, or to
the stockholders.
Q. Is it not very a unusual thing for a company of such imiK)rtance
to pass a year or several years without making an annual report t — A. I
do not know that the New York Central has ever made an annual re-
port. I have never seen one.
The Chairman. I cannot believe it is possible.
The Witness. 1 do not suppose many railroads stopped to make an-
nual reports during the war.
The Chairman. There was nothing in the war that would have pre-
vented your company ^m complying with the requirements of the
statute of the State of New York which required an annual report.
The Witness. I do not know whether the statute requires it, and I
do not know how old the statute is, if there is such a statute. It may
have been that it was in compliance with that statute that the company
commenced to make annual reports.
Q. For what years has your company omitted to make annual re-
ports !*— A. My connection with the company began in 1866, when it
was moved to New York. The company was previously located at Ro-
chester, N. Y. When the headquarters were moved to New York City,
in 1866, 1 became a vice-president, after the American Union Company
had been absorbed, and the first annual meeting thereafter was in 1867.
The company was making very small dividends, 1^ per cent., and was
a small affair compared with what it is now. The next was in 1868, and
the next in 1869, when Mr. i.rton had l>ecome president.
Q. What was its capital then f — A. Forty -one millions.
The Chairman. Then it was iiot a very small affair alter allf
The Witness. It had about one-fifth the property it has now.
The Chairman. Yet it had a paid up capital of $41,000,000 at that
timet
The Witness. With a capital of $41,000,000 they had one-fift;h the
material property now owned by the company. Indeed, the company
had not that much in 1866. In 1867 the first account of its property
was taken carefully, and then it had 37,000 miles of poles and 75,000
miles of wire.
The Chairman. You have not yet answered my question as to the
years in which the omissions of rcjiorts were made.
if38 TLSTIMONY OF NORVJN GRLEX.
Tbe Witness. 1 was annweriug that questiou. I said there wais i;o
report in 1867 or 1808, that there was a report made and printed in
1869, and that there was no report printed after 1869 nntH 1873.
Q. Was there a report in 1866 f — A. No, sir; 1806 was the time of
my (X)nnection with the company.
Q. There was no repoit made then? — A. No, sir. In 1309 Commo-
dore Yanderbilt and his friends came in. Horace Clark, formerly a
member of Congress, and Mr. Schell,and a number of leading men «ime
into the company and organized an executive committee, suspended
dividends, and intro<luced some new features. I went away and became
president of a railroad, and, although they did not accept my resigna-
tion as vice-president, 1 had very little to do with the company for three
or four years. I went back to active service in the company in Janu-
ary, 1873, and in October of that year commenced the series of printnl
annual reports which 1 have given you.
Q. I think with regard to a question that I i)ro|>osed yesterday as to
the expenses of the comi)any for ojwrators, you did not directly answer.
It occurs next on the list of questions submitted to you, and 1 v ill
call up that subject again. What was the amount expendeil for opera-
tors, construction, and the incidental expenses during the last fiscal
year f — A. I gave you the amount paid in salaries, and 1 said that that
embraced the salaries of operators, except as to the executive officers.
Q. I would like to have you, if you can, in explicit terms, answer as to
the exiwnses of the company for thne items— operators, construction,
an<l incidental expenses for the last fiscal year. — A. Construction is just
what 1 have not got.
The Chairman. If you haven't it, we nred not lose any time on it.
The Witness. 1 will explain to the chairman why I have not got \t
Construction is an expenditure out of tie profits. What I have got is
expenditures that are charged to current expenses. All constrnction
and acquisition of new property is charged as an investment and not to
current expenses. The salary list according to my best information at
present embraces nothing but operators, except the executive officers.
As to the amounts paid to lawyers, that is a charge to legal expenses.
There are some annual retainers paid to counsel.
Q. Can you state what items would be covered in the incidental ex-
])enses of the company ! — A. I see an item of miscellaneous expenses
amounting to $219,749.
Q. That covers all you would include as incidental expenses! — A.
Yes, sir. I think that is much larger than usual, and chiefly due to the
strike.
Q. The next question relates to the subject of franks. • We have bail
that up before, but I neglected to ask one or two questions. What is
the value of franks issued by your company exclusive of those that are
issued for business purposes t — A. 1 could not tell you that, sir. We
do not keep them separately.
Q. One class of franks you consider as in part payment for certain
services rendered t — A. Yes, sir.
Q. And the other is complimentary t — A. The other is purely com-
plimentary.
Q. You do not keep them separate! — A. We do not keep them sep-
arate, because they are for the most part the same thing. That is to
say, tbe presidents and superintendents of railroad companies, transpor-
tation companies, and parties that we h.ive largo dealings with use these
personal fninks more than anybody else. We give them personal com-
plimentary franks, as 1 said, that cover their family and social messages.
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 239
Q. The Dext question relates to tbe annual receipts for messages siuco
1865. — A. I have not {?ot that, sir. Until the last three or four years
that amount is substantially embraced in our reports ; that is to say^
until the last three or four years all our receipts except some rent from
offices in our buiklinpcs at New York and Buffalo were for thetransmis-
Bion of messages. Within the last three or four years we have had largo
telephone interests, and within the last two years we have had the gold
and stock business, and have leiised a good many lines. We had not
any considerable number of leased lines until the last few years. There-
fore there come into our revenues elements that amount to very consid-
erable, that are not derived from the transmission of messages.
Q. The object of the question is to ascertain what you have received
for messages alone. You say you have not the figures. Can you state
the amount received for messages alone for the last fiscal year! — A. I
stated it yesterday at sixteen million two hundred and some odd thou-
sand dollars.
Mr. Chairman, I am just in receipt of a message from William Henry
Smith, general a»ent of the New York and Western Associated Press^
in respect to my testimony as reported yesterday, and another and sep-
arate message requesting me to lay his telegram before the co'nmittee.
Will the committee receive it f
The Chairman. I think we will have Mr. Smith ap}>ear before the
committee, and that will be better than the teVegram.
The Witness. I have not read the telegram, and do not know what
it is.
The Chairman. It is outside of anything we are inquiring about now.
It is the intention of the committee to call upon Mr. Smith to appear
before the committee.
The Witness. Then I will let him know that you will do that rather
than receive his written statement.
Tbe Chairman. Now, as to the annnal receipts from the Gold and
Stock Telegraph Company from cables, the International Ocean Tele--
graph Company from leased lines and other sources than messages, and
the annual operating expenses of each of these properties! — A. The an-
nual receipts from other sources are the diflerence between sixteen
million two hundred thousand dollars and nineteen million and some-
thing.
Q. Can you give us separately the receipts from the Gold and Stock
Telegraph f — A. I do not think I should be called upon to do that, Mr.
Chairman. I am not authorized to publish all our business in detail.
As it seems to me it is more for outside use than for this couAnittee ;
that is, it would be very much more used outside than by this committee.
The Chairman. It is all relevant.
The Witness. I have given you our revenues from telegraph service.
It seems to me that is all this c(Hnmittee are interested in. The receipts,
from other sources are the difference between that and the iiggregute.
The Chairman. Our object is to a^icertain as near as possible llie cost
to your company of sending messages under the existing state of things;
and while you might say that the matter of receipts from these other
companies is not particularly important in that connection, j'et we do
not know what projwrtion of the expenses of the Western Union is in-
curred by reason of supporting them.
The Witness. That is a legitimate inquiry. I do not think the par-
ticular business of the Gold and Stock or of the telephones is involved in
this inquiry. I do not want to develop to this committee that the tele-
phones are making tenfold more profit from the capital invested than
240 TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN
the telegraph. I am afraid my frieDd Hubbard's movement would be a
boomerau|>; and turn around and strike the telephone pro|>ertie8.
The Chairman. On what I know of the business, I would very much
rather take the earnings of the Western Union Telegraph Company on
their capital invested than that of the telephone company.
The Witness. You would make a great mistake.
The Chairman. As far as we can learn from the witnesses we have
bad here we cannot find that there was ever any money invested in the
Western Union.
The Witness. The court of appeals of New York foniid that there
was more than $15,576,000 invested in new property since 1866.
The Chairman. How was it paid for I
The Witness. The proposition that because we take our earnings and
put it into new property therefore it does not belong to us seems to me
to be too ridiculous for anything, if a manufacturer starts a mill oos^
ing $50,000, and afterward, because of his success, improves that mill
and enlarges it until it is worth $1,000,000, 1 would like to know whether
that mill belongs to the people because he has made the money out of it.
The Chairman. You made reference to the amount of money invested
in the Western Union Telegraph Company. If there ever was any
money invested in it we have not been able to find it out. The com-
pany has acquired a great deal of property, but not by the investment
of money.
The Witness. But money was invested in the properties acquired.
The Chairman. Not by the Western Union Company.
The Witness. The stocks belonging to the Western fnion Company
that they have purchased from other companies and given their stock
for amounts to more in dollars and cents than all of the stock they have
got outstanding. The Westeni Union Company is a combination of all
the telegraph enterprise in the country, or rather was, for the last thirty
years and until very recently. All the money that has been spent in
every quarter, by every organization, has been gathered together in this
combination, with the exception of the oppositions that have been started
within the last few years.
Q. You decline to state tlie receipts from the Gold and Stock Tele-
graph Company from cables, the International Oceau Telegraph Com-
pany, and from leased lines! — A. Yes, sir; 1 decline* to state the sepa-
rate items of our balance sheet.
Q. And the separate items of the operating expenses! — A. I do not
decline to state them, but I am not prepared to state them. I do not
8uppose*that there is $100,000 a year of that $5,000,000 for any other
purpose than operators, but the exact amount 1 am not prepared to
state. I think, too, that it is a legitimate inquiry as to what proi)ortion
of that expense pertains to the Gold and IStock, the cables, and the
leased lines, but 1 am not prepared to give you that data. Only a por-
tion of the ordinary expense of maintenance of lines appertains to the
leased lines, from which we get no revenue from messages. Our leases,
as I have said, now amount to $50,000 a month to newspapers and
bankers and brokers. We have a great many lines leased by the year.
The parties take them into their oftices at either end and operate them
themselves, but we maintain the lines and give them batteries, &c., »o
that some part of the battery expense and some part of the maintenance
of the lines in the list given to yon pertains to the leased lines, and there-
fore not to the earnings.
Q. You would have no objection to answering the question as to the
separate items of the operating expenses of each of these outside prop-
TE8TIM0NT OF NOBYIN QBEEK. 241
erties if you had the knowledge in yoor possession t — ^A. If I had the
data.
Q. How lonf^ woold it take you to acquire that information t — ^A. A
few days. It is a matter of work for the auditor's office. They would
probably have to go over all the monthly reports.
Q. Does your declination to furnish copies of contracts cover coq-
tractiS with the American Gable Company and with the combined Eng-
lish and French companies t — A. My objection applies to our contract
with the cable companies. The lease of the American cable companies
I have given you. I gave you that yesterday, because we were requested
by the American Gable Board to publish it, as there was so much com-
ment as to it.
Q. You have a contract with the combined English and French com-
panies, have you t — ^A. Yes ; I can give you all the points — —
Q. Can you famish copies of the contract t — ^A. No, sir. I would not
do that without their consent. But I can give you all the points of any
interest to the telegraph service. The contract, I tell you very frankly,
is one
The Chairman. I do not think we care to hear anything about it, un-
it ss we can have a full copy of the contract. You will state such iK)ints
as you are willing to have known, and none of the points that we want
to know. If we cannot see the contract, we will not waste time on the
subject.
The Witness. I do not know that there is anything in the contract
with the cable companies that we would object to your knowing. I ob-
ject to furnishing it on principle. This seems to me to be an inquisi-
torial proceeding as to our private business arrangements. It is not
that there is the remotest
The Chairman. You are a public corporation in that you accepted
the provisions of the act of 1866, and Congress has a right to legislate
in regard to your transactions.
Mr. GwiNN. Not at alL
The Chairman. Have we not the power to legislate as to the inter-
state business of the company f
Mr. GwiNN. But not as to the conduct of its private affairs.
The Chairman. We can certainly regulate its interstate business.
Mr. GwiNN. You are not of the opinion that Congress could require
us to make certain reports to it at certain periods, as to our affairs t A
fortiori we cannot be required to do it, without law, by a committee.
Tlie Chairman. I shall leave this matter to be disposed of by others.
Q. Can you tell me which of the directors of the Western Union Com-
pany were stockholders of the cable companies at the time you leased
them, and to what extent tbey were stockholderst — A. I could not tell
you except from hearsay. I never was at a meeting of the board. I
am perfectly willing to give you hearsay information. I have not any
direct and positive knowledge on the subiect.
The Chairman. Then we do not wish to go into it.
The Witness. These cables were generally understood to be Mr.
Gould's project, and he was largely interested in them; but not so
largely, I am sure, as many people gave him credit for. He owned a
large interest, but the cable stocks were pretty widely distributed. I
know that fact from the payment of dividends on the stock to a pretty
long list.
Q. Going back to some of the subjects we have had up before, I will
ask you a question. Did the Western Union Company buy oat the At-
lantic and Pacific Telegraph Company and the American Union with-
S. Rep. 577, pt. 2 16
t
242 TEHTDiONT OP HORYm G&EEK.
out an inveDtory of tbe property obtaiiied t^-^A. Withoat any strict in*
ventory; yes.
Q. Ton did not require any inventory showing the length of pole
lines and wires and where located. — A. We did not require any, pre-
liminary to the trade. I presume they had an inventory and map of
the lines and the general facts. I am pretty sure they had.
Q. Are yon not able to ftirnish that inventory t — A. I probably coald
fhrnish it
Q. Have yon any objection to ftimishing it if we give you time to ob-
tain it f — ^A. I would not like to promise that I would. I should want
to consult my executive committee; but I do not see any objection to it
at present.
Q. Can you state the amount of gross receipts and expenditures and
the number of messages of those companies the year before they were
taken by you t — A. The gross receipts, expenses, and messages of tlie
Atlantic and Pacific the year before they were taken can be readily as-
certained. They were 12^ per cent., or one-eighth of the aggregate re-
ceipts of the two companies. The last few years previous to taking up the
Atlantic and Pacific, their lines were operated under a pooling arrange-
ment with the Western Union, by which they paid 13.15 per cent of the
expenses, and got 12^ per cent of the united revenues. They were op-
erated, however, entirely separate.
Q. Do you know what they were the year before the pooling ar^ang^
ment was made t— A. The revenues were about $100,000 a month.
Q. Before the pooling arrangement?— A. Yes, sir; and the expenses
were probably all of that, and a little more.
Q. Gould you give the receipts and expenditures of the American
Union t — A. I could not for the year at this moment; but for the last
two or three months the gross receipts were at the rate of $125,000 a
month.
Q. Do you know what the expenditures were t—- A. The expenditmts
were reported to be and believed at that time to be some $10,000 or
$12,000 less per month than that, but they never showed any profit for
any continued term. The last two or three months before they tak^
in they claimed to be making money and undertook to demonstrate it,
and did show that they were making then $10,000 or $12,000 a month.
Q. Oan you state the receipts and expenditures of the Mutual Union
for the year preceding that in which you leased their property t— A. I
have stated that their receipts were about $120,000 a month. Whether
they extended back for a year or not I cannot say.
Q. Do you know what their expenditures were t-^ A. I think tbej
were all of their receipts. The theory upon which we justified the deal
with them was that we could take over at least a hundred thousand
dollars a month of their receipts out of a hundred and twenty thousand,
and that we could handle that business at a cost of $50,000, having al-
ready provided sufficient terminal fietcilities to handle it
Q. Can you inform us as to the amount of receipts and expenditures
of the American and English cable companies for the two years preceding
the year in which you made the contract with the American Gable Com-
pany f — A. The American Cable Company did not open for business
until we had taken it.
Q. flow as to the English companies f — A. The English companies I
know very little about.
Q. You do not know what their net income was t — A. !N"o; the net in-
come last year for all the companies was about a million pounds sterling
or about $5,000,000 for the eight cables.
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 243
Q. Can yon state what percentaf^e of your basinsss is transmitted
short distances, say within a hundred miles t — ^A. Our investigations
have shown that with the exception of Kew York, Chicago, Boston, and
possibly one or two other business centers, more than 50 x>er cent, of the
business of every telegraph office is within 100 miles.
Q. You make exceptions of a few of the large cities t — A. I make ex-
ceptions of those.
Q. If you include them would that change the result t— A. The ma-
jority of their business is longer distance business. For instance, a
very large percentage of the business of New York is between New
York and Chicago, Chicago being the next largest commercial point.
Another large percentage is between New York and Boston, but then
New York does more or less business with almost every one of the thir-
teen thousand offices.
Q. Exclusive of those few large cities, you think 50 per cent, of the
business is within 100 miles t — A. Within 100 miles.
Q. In what cities are there exchanges connected by through lines
over which messages are transmitted at reduced rates t — ^A. I think
Baltimore, Cincinnati, New York, Chicago, and Milwaukee. There are
possibly some others. I do not know whether reduced rates have ex-
tended to Boston and Louisville.
Q. What are the rates between these exchanges t — ^A. We are doing
the business for 20 cents between New York and Chicago, and Balti-
more and Chicago.
Q. Twenty cents for ten words t — A. Yes, sir; and between New
York and Baltimore for 15 cents. The Postal Company are handling
that business at the rate of 25 cents for twenty words.
Q. Do you know what is the annual number of messages of this kind
and what you receive for them t — ^A. I think the messages between
New York and Chicago of that character on those exchanges will run
from one thousand to twelve hundred and odd.
Q. Can you state the number for the whole country t — A. No, sir ; I
cannot I can only say that that system has not prevailed long enough
to cut any figure in our average of rates, neither has the 15-cent rate
between Washington and New York existed long enough to have affected
the average in any of our reports.
Q. Can you state the average charge per message for the last three
or four years t — A. From the best figures I can get, the average charge
per message last year was about 37 cents. That is lower than Mr. Hub-
bard figures it, but I have no doubt that the number of messages han-
dled last year was the number I gave him first, 44,000,000.
Q. That average of 37 cents includes all the dead-head messages of
course t — A. Yes. I want to make an explanation about the number of
messages. Previous to last year we had been counting and charging for
messages handled for the Qold and Stock service. Having leased the
Gold and Stock Company, we did not charge up the transmission of the
commercial news service, and consequently its messages were not known
and were under-estimated, I am satisfied, very materially. Then there
was another large class of business, the nandling of a very large num-
ber of messages that were not counted at all, over these leas^ lines.
In my letter to Mr. Hubbard, which was published in his article in the
North American Review, 1 estimate the messages at 44,000,000. When
our statement was made up by the auditor in that respect, it fell short
about one and a half million. I could not understand how that hap-
pened ; but when I remembered that a large number of messages had
been handled over these leased wires that were not counted, and a large
^44
TESTDfOKT OF NOBTIN GREEX.
I
i
f
number had been handled for the commercial news departmoit of the
Gold and Stock Company, then 1 saw the reasons why the namba* did
not come np to my estimate.
Q. Can yoa state the average cost per message to tiie company f— A.
The average cost per message was about 23^ cents.
Q. Ton have not reduced the cost mu<di in the last five ^ears, hare
you f — A. No, we have not ; because of the exactions of the service. As
I have said to the committee, at least 80 per cent, of our business, and
X)ossibly more, is commercial. That business is reqaired to be d<Mie io
the four or five hours of the business day, and the exactions as to im-
mediate transmission and delivery are growing every year. We cooM
handle the business in the twenty-four hours of the day at veiy moch
less cost than we have to handle it in order to meet these exactions of
immediate service. We have to have a great many more messengers,
more wires, and more operators at that particular time of day. Goo^e-
qaently the improvements* in the art of telegraphing are counter-bal-
anced by the exactions of a prompter service.
Q. Can yon state what proportion of the people never use the tele
graph f — ^A. I have said that some investigations we have made on that
subject satisfy me that not as much as half a million people have e\&
used our telegraph in any one year ; but the bulk of the revenue is derived
from much fewer customers. A few thousand customers give us the
bulk of our revenue. For instance, we have many customers who pay
ns more money than the United States Government^ outside of the Signal
Service. All the business of the United States Government, inclnding
all its departments, does not amount to as much as some of our Widl
street customers pay us.
Q. Has your company ever had a contract with any press association
which required them to obtain their news through your lines and throogh
no others f — A. I think the contract I gave you stipulates that they
should use our lines when they were in condition.
Q. And that they should not receive news sent over any other line.—
A. No, sir ; we have never made any such stipulation as that ; but our
stipulation is that they should use our lines exclusively for their busi-
ness when we are in a condition to do that business. If a message is
sent them over any other line nobody has ever objected to their receiv-
ing it. It is only so far as they can legitimately and properly control
the sending.
Q. There is a contract between the New York Associated Press and
the Western Associated Press which holds them to certain requirements
in regard to the matter of news. — A. I want to say that, in a great
numl^r of instances brought to our attention, that feature has never
been enforced or attempt^ to be enforced against any individual news-
paper. It is a contract with the association. For instance, the New
York Associated Press agree to give us all their business when our lines
are in a condition to do it, but &at does not prevent the Herald, the
Times, the Tribune, the Sun, or any members of the Associated Press
fit>m taking messages over other lines. There was a feature in the con-
tract that they shsdl not be entitled to the reduced rates for special serv-
ice unless they patronize our line exclusively, or substantially so, bat
that has been abolished by a general order of mine that all newspapers,
whether patronizing this company or any other, should be entitled to the
same rates for special reports. They are the rates stipulated in that
contract.
Q. Have you ever had any feature in any contract relating to the use
of the telephone and prohibiting persons or newspai>ers firom using the
TESTIMONY OP NORVIN GREEN. 245
telephone! — ^A. Our contract with the telephone company in settling onr
legal fight with them, stipulated that we wonld lease them onr tele^
phonesi and turn them over to them, for a royalty on all their revenues
for telephone service on the condition that they should confine their
telephones to the telephone business.
Q. Did you ever have any agreement with newspapers that pro-
hibited them from using telephones! — A. I do not remember auy, sir.
It was not at all necessary, because the telephone company had no right
to serve them. I do not remember any at all. If they ever failed to
use the telephone it was probably because the telephone company felt
that they had not any right under the contract with us to serve tiiem.
In the first place, our company, under that contract, is entitled to the
exclusive license of the telephone for the telegraphic business. We con-
sidered that a very valuable feature. If the telephone ever comes into
use as a telegraph, so far as the BeU telephone is concerned, we have the
exclusive right to use it for telegraphic purposes. The distinction be-
tween the telephone aud the telegraph is clearly drawn. A telephone
communication is a conversation between parties at either end of the
wire. For that kind of service they can use the telephone a thousand
miles if they choose, or any other distance that people can talk over it.
Q. Ton never have prohibited, in any way, nor attempted to prohibit,
newspapers from getting news through telephoue lines f — A. Not that
I know of.
Q. Have you ever raised rates in cases of individual newspapers be-
cause they would not agree to do their business exclusively with the
Western Union t — ^A. That was done without my knowledge, and I im-
mediately had the money refunded. Cases of that kind came up not
long ago with certain newspapers, and I said that we could not sustain
the action.
Q. Bow long ago was that f — A. It was before the meeting of Con-
gress ; about November.
Q. Was there more than one case f — A. There were probably a good
many Ciises, but there were only two brought to my attention. One was
in Louisville and the other was in Cincinnati. Within a week or ten
days after I had inquired fully into the subject I decided that we could
not sustain that ground. The action was taken by the head of onr
news bureau, and not by the direction of any of the executive officers.
I have always believed that all were entitled to the rates that anybody
else got for like service, and that in law we could not collect any more,
and therefore I published an order in the telegraph paper that goes to
all our offices, that all newspapers should be entitled to the special rates
stipulated in the New York contract, so that they could get any amount
of service and get it on our wires when they did not get it from anybody
else, at just as advantageous terms as others.
Q. Up to last November you had been in the habit of raising rates on
newspapers if they did not do their business with your company exclu-
sively f — A. No, sir; I do not think we were in the habit of doing it.
It may have been done. It may have been done in some incidental
cases. It was never done with my knowledge, because I have said to
our committee again and again that we never could sustain any dis-
crimination in rates against newspapers ; that if they made a point on
it and compelled us to sue them I did not believe we could collect any
more than we charged their neighbors. That was my view as a matter
of law.
Q. There is only one other matter that I care to ask yon any ques-
tions about now. I want to inquire if there has been any negotiatio\^
I
Im
i.i
P
'\
\
246
TESTIMONY OP NORVIN GREEN.
between the Western Union company and the Baltimore and Lio
Telegraph Company within the last year f — ^A. None within the last year,
that I know of.
Q. Has there been any discossion of the subject that yoa knoif of ?--
A. None that I know of.
Q. Between the representatives of the two companies t — A. None that
has come to my knowledge. There was a negotiation some two years
ago, but there has been none since that has come to my knowledge.
Q. None within the last twelve months that yon have heard oft— A.
No, sir.
Q. No proposition for a consolidation from the officers of either com-
pany f — A. None that has come to my knowledge.
Mr. GwiNN. I think yon are safe to say that there has been none.
The Witness. I think there has been some bantering, and probably
some remark that the companies oaght to come to an understanding;
but that is about all.
The Chairman. I do not think it would be prudent to say that tb»%
has not been any, because I believe that there has been. Yon may not
have known of it.
The Witness. Mr. G winn has had charge of our litigation with them.
Our biggest suit was argued last week before the Chief Justice and two
other judges of Baltimore, and remains undecided. All I have heard
about it has been when we have been taking depositions. I know Mr.
Frick, their counsel, and others, have frequently said that we ought to
come to some understanding and settle our difficulties. That is all I
have heard that approaches a negotiation.
Mr. GWTNN. It is all that ever did approach it.
The Chaibman. It would be in entire keeping with many things that
have transpired before, if the two companies were working together to-
day. As far as the public is concerned nobody knows but what they
are working together to-day. However, we have been informed that
there has t^n an attempt at negotiation and that the papers have been
drawn for that purpose.
Mr. GwiNN. I can answer most positively that there is not a word of
trath in the whole statement.
The Witness. I presume that that ha^ grown out of the fact that
there was a negotiation two years ago last September and that the pa-
pers were drawn and signed, when the arrival of the elder Mr. Gkurrett
knocked it into a cocked hat.
Q. When was that t — ^A. Two years ago last fall. Mr. Garrett ar-
rived from the other side before the board had ratified it, and knocked
it into pi.
Mr. GwiNN. And we are now as far apart as the poles.
The Chaibman. You might be farther apart than the poles to-day
and be together next week.
Mr. Gwinn. Possibly. That happens with all of us.
The Chaibman. If the two companies can make more money by con-
solidating their interests of course they will do so.
Mr. Gwinn. That is so in all the relations of life, in politics and every-
where else.
The Chaibman. It will turn out as an inevitable consequence when-
ever the two companies get into competition and the competition is
strong enough to reduce rates, that the result will be cousolHlation.
The Witness. I will say very frankly that in my judgment the whole
of the service in the United States can be handled cheaper, and cheai)er
rates afforded to the public in the hands of one party than would be
TESTIMONY OF NORVIN GREEN. 247
possible in the hands of a number. Where there is more than one com-
pany there is a duplication of expenses to get the same revenue.
Q. But if the benefit of the reduction of cost is not given to the pub-
lic, but goes into the pockets of the stockholders it becomes an entirely
different thing. It seems as if a tax of $8,000,000 a year upon the
people of this country for telegraphic service is exorbitant for the
amount of service rendered as compared with what is done in any other
country.
Mr. GwiNN. The rate of discount was not any lower in the Bank of
the United States than it has been subsequently.
The Chairman. Still there has been a great deal of experience in
handling Government telegraphs and in furnishing cheap service. [To
the witness.] I do not think of any further questions that we care to ask
you at present. I will look over the papers, and probably will ask you
to come before the committee again.
The Witness. When you look the papers over I would be very glad
if you would remind me of the subjects on which you wish information,
because some of them may escape my attention.
The Chairman. If we call you again we will indicate the subjects.
We have asked a good many questions on subjects to which yon have
replied that you were no}; able to give information, tdthongh you have
no objection to answering.
The Witness. I want to make one little statement, which the com-
mittee may consider as testimony or not, as they please. While I object
to the production of our railroad contracts and other matters of detail,
yet if tbe Government, in its wisdom, should think proper to avail itself
of the act of 1866, or otherwise proceed to condemn and take our prop-
erty, I should consider any tribunal established for the purpose of as-
certaining the value of the property entitled to look at everything.
The Chairman. After what you have said about the injustice of ex-
posing the private business of other parties, I do not see how you could
do so.
Mr. GwiNN. The law of 1866 provides for the appointment of arbi-
trators whose duty it shall be to discover those facts. That carries with
it a jurisdiction which you do not possess.
The Chairman. It provides only that the Government may take the
lines on an appraisement, and states how the appraisement may be
made. I do not see how that board can possess any jurisdiction that
the power creating it does not possess.
Mr. GwiNN. Only because the act of Congress gives it jurisdiction,
and no act of Congress gives it to you.
The Chairman. It seems to me that a resolution of the Senate might
be sufficient for the purpose.
Mr. GwiNN. The Supreme Court says otherwise.
The Witness. I only say that if any board of appraisement is con-
stituted for that purpose, I will undertake to say that they shall see
everything in connection with the value of the property.
Tbe Chairman. One objection you have made in refusing to produce
the contracts is the fact that you would be exposing the private affairs
of other parties. That is the material point you make. I am sure the
effect would be the* same if a board of appraisement was established.
The Witness. If the Gk>vernment are to become one of the parties
to these contracts they certainly have a right to see what they are
going to assume.
TESTIMONY
OF
OOLDT POX, LATE AH SMPLOTE OF THE WE8TEBH UHIOH TELE-
GRAPH COMPAHT.
February 27, 1884.
OoLiK Fox sworn and examined.
By the Ghaibman :
Question. What has been your occupation f — Answer. Telegraph op-
erator, until the last eight or nine years.
Q. And telegraph builder f — A. Yes ; and manager, and acting as-
sisting superintendent in the latter years of my service.
Q. For what company ^ — A. The Western Union.
Q* Altogether! — A. Altogether, since 1859.
Q* In what part of the country f — A. In Michigan; manager of the
Detroit office, and what was then called chief operator of the State of
Michigan. As such, peribrming the same duties as are now performed
by the assistant superintendent.
Q. What did your department labor cover f — A. Both operating and
constructing — ^general supervision of the company's business in that
territory.
Q. Have you constructed many lines for the Western Union Com-
pany f — ^A. Yes ; a good many.
Q. All in Michigan f — All in the northern part of the State. I will
say north of the Michigan Central Railroad.
Q. In what manner have your lines been built; by contract! — A. Ko,
sir; invariably by construction by the company, paying the men by the
month JOT day ; there was never any case where a contract was let.
Q. How many miles have you superintended the construction off —
A. To put it roughly, from six to eight hundred miles of pole line, per-
haps more.
Q. Have those lines generally been on railroad companies' rights of
way f — A. Partly so ; but I think more of my work in the northern part
of the State was off of railroads, up in the lumber regions.
250 TESTIMONY OF COLIN FOX.
Q. In some cases they were on the rights of way ? — A. Ye&,sir ; in a
number of cases they were, under contra<;t with the railroad companies.
Q. Do you know the terms of those contracts! — A. I did at that time;
I had the making, or the figuring upon, some of those contracts.
Q. Tou assisted in making them f — A. Yes, the negotiations, I should
say. In fact, the contracts were sometimes sent to me in order to ob-
tain the execution of them by the railroad companies' officers.
Q. Were the contracts generally about on the same terms t — A. So
far as I know they were always of the same character.
Q. Extending over what period of time was this f — ^A. This would be,
say, from six or eight years previous to 1876.
Q. That would be from about 1868. Now state, as nearly as you can
remember, what the provisions of these contracts were t — A. To the
best of my recollection the contracts provided, in the first place, that
the railroad company was to furnish the poles, the Western Union Com-
pany would furnish all the remainder of the materials, including wire,
insulators, batteries, instruments, &c., and the railroad company would
do the constructing. The Western Union Company was entitled to the
entire receipts from telegraph tolls on such lines, and contracted to give
the railroad company a certain amount, monthly or yearly, of fr^ tele-
graphing oft' the line of the road.
Q. And give them the use of the lines w the road, of course, for their
business f — ^A. Of course; the line on the road was used jointly by the
railroad for its business, and by the Western Union for commercial
business.
Q. And the railroad company, besides, had iree telegraphing off the
roadf — A. And the railroad company was entitled to a certain amount
of free telegraphing beyond the line of the road. For instance, one road,
I remember, had its financial ofiAce, you might say its executive office,
in New York ; it would have a certain amount of telegraphing to do be-
tween Michigan and New York, which they would do under that con-
tract, free. Another road, the Detroit and Milwaukee, bad a good deal
of telegraphing between Detroit and Milwaukee, and that, of course,
had to go around by Chicago, off the line of the road. That road, I re-
member, was entitled to $200 a month of free telegraphing, and they
used to use that up and sometimes more. If there was an excess over
the contract they paid half rates for all the excess. The railroad com-
pany gave its good will, of course, to the telegraph company , and was
bound to not give aid or encouragement to competing companies ; was
not allowed to distribute material between stations.
Q. Was not allowed to furnish any facilities for building lines f — ^A.
Not except what they were legally bound to do. They could not refuse
to carry freights at ordinary rates, but they would not distribute mate-
rial or drop it between stations, which is a very great advantage, of
course, in telegraph construction.
Q. They would charge local rates, I suppose, for that f^-A. Yes, sir.
Q. Full local rates t — ^A. Yes, sir.
Q. After these lines were built in this way, bow were they owned ;
jointly by the telegraph company and the railroad company t — ^A. It
was always my understanding that the ownership vested in the West-
ern Union. These contracts were perpetual, and the officers of the
Western Union, so far as I knew at the time, always claimed that the
rights of ownership Tested in the Western Union.
Q The property was on the right of way of the railroad company t-^
Yes, sir ; built jointly by the two companies.
TESTIMONY OF COLIK FOX. 251
Q. And the railroad company had a perpetual right to use the lines
in a certain way f
The WiTNBSS. The telegraph company, you mean f
The Chaibm AN. The railroad company and the telegraph company ? —
A. Yes, sir ; I do not feel competent to decide, of course, who is the real
owner of such lines. The railroad company furnished the poles and the
Western Union Telegraph Company furnished the balance of the ma-
terial.
Q. A great many of these lines were built off of railroad rights of
way! — ^A. Yes, sir.
Q. How were those lines built— on the public highway t — A. At the
time the lumber interests of Northern Michigan were being deyeloped
Tery rapidly, those men running that business in the northern parts of
the State, up both shores, were very clamorous for telegraphic com-
munication, and were willing to pay for it, and did pay for it. I, as a
servant of the company, got all the money I could for the company, in
the way of cash bonus, to extend the lines to those points. For in-
stance, from Port Huron up the shore to Port Austin and Bay City,
and from Bay City to Alpena and to the Straits of Mackinaw and vari-
ous other places.
Q. In all those places you got a bonus ? — A. I invariably required a
cash bonus from the business men of those places.
Senator Palmeb. A great many of those places were off the rail-
roads, on the lake shore.
Q. I suppose in all places where you got a bonus from individuals or
cori>orations, they were off' the railroads t — A. Off the railroads.
Q. But in most of the lines you built off the railroads you got this
aid ? — A. We always did off' the railroad. I have known cases where
aid was obtained on the railroad — at least one case.
Q. How large a proportion of the expense of building lines was paid
by persons disconnected with the company, who desired to have the
lines built f
The Witness. On these highway lines t
The Chaibman. Yes.
A. I think fully one-half the cost of such lines was defrayed by these
bonuses.
Q. In those cases did the company place itself under any restrictions
as to the rates they were to charge! ^A. Not at all.
Q. It was entirely optional with them to charge what they pleased t —
A. Yes, sir. There were no conditions.
Q. Did you have any trouble in obtaining the right of way for build-
ing these lines off the railroads f — A. I never met any objection what-
ever, in my experience.
Q. They were in all cases on public roads f — ^A. Yes, sir. Most of
them were on what we in Michigan call State roads.
Q. Did any persons who owned projierty adjoining the roads ever
make any claim for damages t — A. I never had such a case arise. Of
course, in passing through villages we were careful to not destroy shade
trees or inconvenience the people unnecessarily. The people in those
days were very glad to see the telegraph come.
Q. State, if you please, what was the- character of the lines you built,
as to the poles and wires. — A. The poles were always 25 feet high, of
white cedar, perhaps not as large in diameter as those used now, be-
cause those lines were only intended to carry, say, from one to three or
four wires, or something like that. The specifications called for poles 5
inches in diameter at the top, of white cedar.
252
TESTIMONY OP COLIN FOX.
Q. And 25 feet in length t — A. Twenty five feet in length.
Q. With cross-arms f — A. No, sir: where one wire was pnt np we
always used what was called a bracket, which was somewhat cheaper.
Q. Where yon put np more than one wire yon nse cross-arms f — A
Tes, sir ; in those days the poles were set 4 feet in the ground, and we
usually used a No. 9 wire; I think they now use a size larger, not less
than No. 8.
Q. Was there any difference in the character of the lines yon con-
structed, some of them more expensive than others f — A. No ; I cannot
say that there was. Perhaps the lines that were built on railroads were
constructed in a little more workmanlike manner, though I do not know
that there was much difference. We aimed to build good lines always.
Q. And always used cedar poles, setting them sufficiently deep in the
ground to make a good linet — A. Yes, sir; we never used anything
else but cedar.
By Senator Palmer :
Q. Cedar was very handy in that country f — A. Tes, sir.
By the Chairman :
Q. These were all well-constructed lines, were they nott — ^A. Yes,
sir ; they were well-built lines and are still working to-day, and, I think,
returning a good revenue to the company.
Q. Will you state what those lines cost! — A. I do not think those
highway lines, exclusive of instruments, say, and batteries, ever cost to
exceed $75 a mile for one wire.
Q. They were lines constructed to carry two or three wires if neces-
sary t — A. Oh, yes.
Q. But usually having only one wire, and they cost the company about
$75 a mile f — A. Yes, sir. You understand, Senator, that poles in that
country were very cheap.
Q. And you had the advantage, of course, of delivering them at the
nearest points on the railroads at low rates ? — A. Yes, sir. Then a set
of instruments for every office would cost, say
Q. Before going into that let me ask yon, where yon constructed lines
carrymg more than one wire, what did they cost f — A. I think in those
days each additional wire would probably cost, pnt up, about $30 a
mile.
Q. For a No. 9 wire t — ^A. Yes, sir.
Q. It is claimed now that No. 6 wire costs $45 a mile t — ^A. Of course
it takes a great deal more of No. 6.
By Senator Palmer :
Q. Through that country how many poles did you put up to the
mile ? — A. Always thirty to the mile.
Q. Is that the standard, or is it varied f — ^A. It was at that time the
invariable rule of the Western Union to use thirty poles to ttie mile,
except in cities, where they are generally set thicker.
Q. Do you know whether that rule is applied to the whole of Michi-
gan f — A. I think that applied throughout the central division, from
Buffalo to the Bocky Mountains.
Q. What is the life of a cedar pole f — ^A. I have not been in the busi-
ness long enough to know.
Q. They do not decay as fast as fence posts f — A. No ; I think, as a
usual thing, they use sounder timber than is used for the common run
of fence posts. Sometimes I think the soil has a good deal of effect
upon poles. A sandy soil^ I have observed, will usually cause them to
TESTIMONY OP COLTN POX. 253
decay sooner than a clay soil, fbat is, at the ground. They are very
frequently cut off at the ground and reset ; it makes them a little shorter,
but they will answer the purpose for many years longer.
Q. What was the standanl length of the poles that yon used f — ^A.
Twenty-five feet.
Q. How deep did you put them in the ground f — A. Four feet.
Q. Were they seasoned before you put them in? — ^A. No, sir; they
never required such from the contractors ftimishin^ the poles.
By the Ohaibman :
Q. Were some of these lines at the time you constructed them
equipped with more than one wire! — ^A. Tes; sometimes we cut what is
called a gain in the pole; that is, a notch in which to fit a cross-arm,
but would not put it in until years afterwards, when it was required.
Q. And in some cases you constructed lines with two wires f — ^A. I
do not remember of ever building a line and putting up two wires at
the same time; I might have done it.
Q. What would have been the cost of those lines if yon had con-
structed them with cross-arms and with two wires! What was the ex-
pense of the cross-arms and an additional wire f You have said $30
a mile for a single wire. — A. Tesj I was putting that at a pretty big
figure, too, I think. I do not think it would much exceed that to put
on a cross-arm and another wire.
Q. Do you know what the difference would have been between a No.
8 wire and a No. 9 wiret — ^A. I cannot remember how many pounds of
No. 8 wire there are to a mile ; I think it is about 320 pounds to a mile
of No. 9 wire, and probably 375 or so of No. 8. The difference would
be proportionate to the difference in weight.
Q. So that you think that during the time you were constructing these
lines you could have built a go^ substantial line with two wires for
$105 a mile f — ^A. In that part of the country, yes.
By Senator Sawyer :
Q. &0W does the price of wire now compare with the price of wire at
that timet — ^A. I really cannot answer ; I am not posted upon present
prices of telegraph wire.
The Ohaibman. It has been stated by some of the witnesses that we
examined yesterday that wire is cheaper now than it was then. Mr.
Ohapman stated that it is cheaper now than it was then, but he thought
the poles would cost a little more. [To the witness.] Can you state about
what it would cost to equip one of these lines with instruments t Give
the average cost for furnishing instruments. — ^A. I can do so.
The Chairman. When I say average, I mean average per mile ; of
course that would vary with the number of offices.
Senator Sawyer. And the number of instruments in the offices, too.
The Witness. One set of instruments for an office would not cost to
exceed $25, 1 think. Offices, as a usual thing, average 6 to 8 or 10
miles apart.
By the Chairman :
Q. Can you inform us as to how the offices on railroads were man-
aged f That is, I mean to say, as to who paid the operators f — ^A. Tes,
sir. In some cases the Western Union. The contracts provided that
the railroad company's operators should do the work, the proceeds going
to the Western Union. But in some cases they founa that the operators,
being required to work without compensation in transacting this com-
mercitd business, did not do it with very much enthusiasm, and in some
254
PESTIMONY OF COLIN FOX.
cases afterwards it was fouDd advisable to pay them a small commission
of 10 to 15 per cent.
Q. That is, the Western Union paid them something in addition to
their regular wages!— A. Yes, sir; they volnntarily did it, in order to
increase the efficiency of their service, but there was no obligation on
them to do so.
Q. Werethoseoperators always employed by the railroad company t —
A. By the railroad company.
Q. The railroad company owned the offices, too t — A. Yes, sir : they
were in the railroad stations, except sometimes at large towns. 1 have
known the case at large towns where the Western Union maintained a
town office at its own expense.
Q. But generally, in the smaller places, the offices were in the railroad
stations f — A. Always in the railroad stations, and the work was done
by the railroad company's employes.
By Senator Palmer :
Q. Suppose you wished to put up aline from Detroit to Dearborn,
ten miles west of Detroit, what would the poles cost delivered there f —
A. The poles would cost now, say from 90 cents to $1 apiece delivered,
at Detroit Junction, say ; and if you had the privilege of distributing
them from the cars, as the train ran along, it would be a very slight
expense, of course, to distribute them. But if you had to haul them
from the stations it would cost more.
Q. If they came down by one road they would be run out free of ex-
pense!— A. Yes, sir; they always put a gang of men on the cars to
throw them off 200 feet apart, and it is done very quickly. I under-
stand that the price now for strictly first-class poles, such as the West-
ern Union use, is from 90 cents to $X apiece, delivered in places like
Detroit or Toledo.
Q. How many such poles can you put on a oar, say of 12 tons capac-
ity f — A. About 90, 1 think, is a pretty good load.
'Q. Putting them in the ground west of the Mississippi, from Chicago
or Michigan, would not increase the cost very much ? — A. In the west-
ern part of the country they are supplied from Chicago. Chicago is
the largest market for telegraph poles in the country, I presume. When
parties are buying poles they make as favorable terms as they can for
transportation. But it is not their weight : you cannot get full weight,
I think, of telegraph poles on a car ; it is their bulk.
Q. You say they ship them green t — A, Yes, sir; still it is very light
timber, as you are aware.
Senator Palmer (to Senator Sawjer). How is that about cedar poles
or fence posts ; you cannot get on 12 tons, can you f
Senator Sawyeb. No ; I think not, unless they stake them very high ;
but you cannot load the car very heavily. Cedar is light, and that is
one reason why they bring so much out on the prairies ; and then iU
durability is another reason.
Q. You have never tried any other pole but cedar, have you t — A»
No, sir ; I think it is the most durable timber we have in the ground in
Michigan.
Senator Palmer. It is usually considered that red cedar is indestruct-
ible ; but there is not any red cedar left on the lakes that I know of.
By the Chairman :
Q. What do you estimate that it costs to keep these lines in repair f —
A. At the time of my service we kept two linemen in Detroit, and they
ran over a territory extieiVi^m^uQitX^VL Midwest from Detroit, and would
TESTIMONY OP COLIN POX. 255
take oare of| perhaps, five hundred miles of pole line, or more. The
company wonld pay those men firom $55 to $60 a month, besides their
traveling expenses. Of course, I could tell, if I had had time to figure
on it a little, pretty near exactly what it would cost to maintain such
lines by the year ^ but I am hardly prepared to answer it definitely at
present.
Q. You cannot answer it definitely, but estimating it roughly, can
you state about what per cent, it would be ; would it cost 10 per cent,
of the cost of construction f
The Witness. Ten per cent a yeart
The Chairman, Yes.
A. I think not nearly so much.
Q. Including the replacing of poles when they decay f — A. That is
a contingency so many years ahead that I hardly feel that it is worth
while to take it into consideration.
By Senator Palmeb :
Q. Would those two men be sufficient in case of breakage of the lines
by a heavy sleet storm f— ^A. No. There are occasionally such cases
as that, where it is necessary to hire additional help, or let the lines lie
idle until the men can get to them. But that does not occur very often.
I have known them to run a great many years without a severe sleet
storm.
Q. In running through the woods, I suppose the mdst of the inter-
ruptions occur from falling trees f-*- A. That is about the only inter-
ruption we have had on our Northern Michigan lines through the
woods*— from falling trees. On that Alpena line we kept a line man
stationed at Alpena who traveled both north, towards Cheboygan and
Mackinaw, and south, towards Bay City, and when it was necessary we
would hire additional local help. If the break was a long way from the
line men, we would get the operator to hire somebody or go out himself
and make temporary repairs, until the line men could get there.
By the Ohaibman :
Q. You say that all these contracts with railroad companies gave the
exclusive right to the Western Union Company to construct Unea upon
their right of way t — A. Yes, always.
Q. And bound the railroad companies not to facilitate the construction
of any other lines off their right of way, except what they were required
by law to do f ^ A. That is my recollection of those contracts — that they
were mutually, you might say, offensive and defensive; that is, that the
railroad company wonld protect the telegraph company to the extent of
its power, and the Western Union would do its business.
By Senator Pax.meb :
Q. When you established these inferior offices in Michigan, would
you send men from the home office to take charge of them, or in each
case take some one in the neighborhood f — A. Where we did not find
somebody in the neighborhood who knew enough of telegraphing to run
the office, we generally sent an instructor to stay there a few weeks, and
post somebody in the business.
By the Chairman :
Q. Did you ever have occasion to instruct men as operators.
Senator Palmeb. A green hand.
A. No ; I never did. I do not know that I ever taught but one per-
son in my life, and that was my brother, a great many years ago. It
256
TESTIMONY OF COLIN FOX.
was generally understood that what we called the check-boys, and the
messengers around the operating room were picking up telegraphy as
they could; it was idways found that they made al^ut the l]^t opera-
tors in the service; but I never had any system of educating operators
as such.
Q. Have you any idea how long it requires a person under favorable
circumstances to learn the art of using the telegraphic instruments f — A.
A person can learn enough to run a small country office in a very short
time; if he is reasonably industrious, in a very few weeks. But for an
operator to learn to be competent to do work in an office, say, like De-
troit or Chicago or Washington, he would be showing a great deal of
ability to do it inside of a year, on the average.
Q. And become thoroughly expert! — ^A. Yes, sir.
B}^ Senator Palmer :
Q. Suppose all the telegraph operators in the United States were
removed or forbidden to touch the instruments, what difficulty would
there be in filling their places! I ask that to ascertain how widely
distributed this knowledge is. — ^A. I hardly know how to answer that.
There are certainly a great many hundreds, if not thousands, of com-
petent operators out of the business — a great many following ottier
employments.
Q. You think in two weeks, with reasonable diligence, they could
supply a sufficient number of operators! — ^A. No, I do not, Senator; I
do not think there are enough for that.
Q. Take the State of Michigan, for instance. — ^A. No; I doubt whether
there are half enough out of employ in the State of Michigan to do it.
Q. There are a great many men in other business that we do not rec-
ognize as operators, and yet who are proficient! — A. There are a great
many, it is true ; but when you come to fill all the offices in Michigan,
I do not think there are half enough for that. There are a great many
who could not be induced to go back into the Western Union service
certainly, under any salary that the company would pay.
By the Ohaibman :
Q. You have no connection with any telegraph company now ! — ^A.
None whatever.
TESTIMONY
OF
H. S. SMITH, LATE AH EKPLOT^ OF THE WESTEBH UHIOH TELE-
GRAPH COMPAHY.
February 27, 1884.
H. S. Smith sworn and examined.
By the Chaibman :
Question. On what subjects can you give us information in regard to
telegraphy t — Answer. My connection with the Western Union has been
with the employes, the salaries paid, &c.
Q. How long have you been an employ^ of the company t — A. Twelve
years.
Q. In what capacity ? — A. As operator, assistant chief operator, and
night chief operator.
Q. In what place f — A. Detroit, Michigan ^ continuously.
Q. All that time t — A. With the exception of just two or three months
that I was out in the State.
Q. Are you still in the employ of the company t — A. No, sir.
Q. Since what time have you been out of its employ t — ^A. Since
July, 1883.
Q. How many employes are there in the office that you were con-
nected with f
The Witness. Do you mean employes altogether t
The Chairman. Yes: altogether.
The Witness. You ao not mean including the messenger employ^ f
The Chaibman. No.
The Witness. Clerks in the office and operators. There are, I should
say, about seventy, as near as I can estimate.
Q. Do you know the cost of maintaining that office f — A. No, sir ; I
do not; not the tot^l cost. I was not in that department.
Q. Can you state what wages were paid to the employes of the office f —
A. To a certain extent, yes. In the operating department I can tell;
they ranged from $45 to $70, with,one or two exceptions.
257
8. Bep. 577, pt. 2 17
I
258 TESTIMONY OF H. S. SMITH.
Q. That is, per month t — A. Per month, yes ; that is for the operators
proper. The chief operator, of coarse, gets more salary than that.
Q. Please state, as nearly as yon can, the different grades of wages
that are paid there, starting with the highest office. There is a super-
intendent in charge of the office, 1 suppose t — A. Mr. Corbett is assist-
ant superintendent ; I could not state his salary. I think — I suppose
you do not want my thoughts, do you f
The Chairman. Where you have no definite knowledge we do not
care for an answer.
The Witness. It is not purely guess-work. I should say $176.
Q. Give the next grade of compensation. — A. The cashier, Mr. Hill,
who has charge of what is called the receiving department, down-stairs,
receives $95 a month. The receiving and delivery clerks in the day-
time did receive at the time I was in connection with that office, $60; I
do not know what it is now ; there have been some changes made. I do
not know the salaries of those employed at night. Then, of course,
there were the messenger boys. The day chief operator received $100
a month, or did receive that. I am talking now of what was paid before
the strike. Since then I have no knowledge. The assistant chief re-
ceived $80 : the night chief received $90 ; and what was called the all-
night chief, employed from midnight until 8 o^clock in the morning, re-
ceived $75. Taking the operators, as I said before, there were one or
two exceptions ; in the main office there was one operator who had been
brought over from the American Union ; he was in the Americiin Union
at the time of the consolidation ; he received the same salary that be
had been receiving previous to the consolidation ; that was $80 a month.
There was another old employ^ who received $80 a month. The press-
report men got $70 a month — five in number. Then the balance of the
force was divided, from that down, from $65 to $60, $55, $50, and $45;
$45 is the lowest amount that I know to have been paid as salary.
Q. Can you state about the average salaries paid in that office for
he operators t — ^A. For the operators proper I should say the average
was not over $55 proper a month ; that is as near as I can judge.
Q. What they pay in that office is about the average of what they
pay 'in all their offices of the same kind, I suppose f — ^A. Yes, about.
February 29, 1884.
H. S. Smith recalled.
By Mr. Oabdineb G. Hubbabd :
Question. Please describe in detail the handling of a message from
the time it is handed in until it is delivered to the addressee at the
other end. — Answer. In large offices, where they have the receiving
department separate from the operating department, it is first taken in
by the receiving clerk. He enters it in a book, and it is then sent up-
stairs.
Q. What does he enter in a book f — A. The entry in the book com-
prises the full address (the party's name, and where to) and the amount
paid, if paid.
Q. And the numbex of words!— A. Yes, sir. It is then sent upstairs
by a tube, if they liave^ o\i^, ot ^ ^wmm^ <^^ ^wa^^^vwd^ and there it is
taken out of the box ouA. ^i^xi^^^ >s ^^^"^ "^^ ^"^^ ^ ^<^r>«.\5«^ ^^^
TESTIMONY OP H. 8. SMITH. 259
check-girl, and pot on the hook where it properly belongs. In some of
the offices larger than Detroit they are tak^n ont of the box after com-
ing np through the tube and distributed into different districts, and
from there handled again by the check boys or girls of that district.
Then the operator takes the messages off the hook in as near the reg-
ular order as possible. The messages are hung, you understand, face
down, on the hook. The operator takes them off the hook, and they
come in regular order. If a message is to go from Detroit to the city
of Chicago, it is hung on a hook labeled ''City" on the Chicago table;
if it is a message that has to be rehandled at Chicago and forwarded to
some office further along, it is hung on what is call^ the through hook.
Q. Then it is transmitted. — A. It is transmitted by the operator.
While transmitting it he puts on the number of the message between
the Detroit and Chicago offices, the call for the office, the time sent,
his own private signature, and the private signature of the receiving
operator. In most cases that is done with the left hand, where oper-
ators are expert enough to do it. As a general thing, on all large wires,
where there is a large amount of business handled, the operators are
expert enough to do so; in smaller offices sometimes they are not.
After they have sent the message they will put on the time,* signature,
&c. In some cases I have seen the same thing on large wires — that is,
on wires handling a large amount of business ; that is what I mean by
largo wires.
Q. Is that memorandum entered in a book, tooT — ^A. No, sir; that
memorandum is not entered in a book. After the operator is through
with it he puts it in a drawer, or on a spindle, just as the case may be,
according to the custom of the office, and from there it is taken off by
some one delegated for the purpose, and looked over, in order to see
that every message is timed properly and has been sent, so as to guard
against any messages being put away without being sent at all. Then,
after that, the messages are taken into the book-keeper's department
and assorted ; each office's business separated out and booked.
Q. Of what does the booking consist f — A. The booking consists of
the name of the office, the party to whom the message is addressed,
by whom signed, the number of words, and the amount paid, or "col-
lect," as the case may be. That has to be done with each message.
Q. How long is the message kept after that! — A. I cannot give any
definite answer as to that. 1 think the general rule is six months, but
1 do not know what disposition is made of them after the six months.
Q. When the message is received what is done with it! — A. It is re-
ceived by the operator, put on his spindle or other appliance, and is
taken from there by a check boy or girl, taken to the copying-press and
an impression taken of it. From there it is sent down-stairs through
the tube, entered in a book, enveloped, and sent out by a messenger.
Q. Is any entry made in an entry-book of the messages received f —
A. Yes, sir. The copies go into the book keeper's department, and are
there entered just the same as the messages sent out.
Q. How is that ; with date, &c. ? — A. Yes, sir ; the date &c., in the
same manner.
Q. Are messages invariably sent in the order in which they are re-
ceived!— A. Not invariably.
Q. What class of business has the preference, if any f — A. What we
call stock messages, and, in some cases, Government messages.
Q. By stock messages, you mean messages from brokers and others? —
A. Yes, sir ; messages relating to stocks, wheat, corn, oats, &c.
Q. Those generally have the preference over others f — A. Yes, sir.
260 TESTIMONY OP H. S. SMITH.
In some cases there are wires that are used between different points ex.-
clasively for that business ; but if there are not, then they have the
preference. Of course, on a wire used conjointly by a railroad com-
pany and a telegraph company, the railroad business has the preference.
Q. Always! — A. Always; yes, sir.
Q. If a message is partly sent, and the railroad company wishes to
use the wire, do they ** cut in ^ t — A. There is a little lee way given in
regard to that ; if it is very imx>ortant business, such as train orders,
they do. I should say there is another class of messages that is given
preference quite frequently, and that is death messages, although as a
general thing we have no regular hook for them. In a number of in-
stances we have particular hooks for stock messages.
Q. Does the Gold and Stock business have any preference over other
business ; if so, what t — A. Yes, sir ; in case of interruption to wires,
the Gold and Stock have the preference of the first wire in working
order, excepting, perhaps, the United States Signal Service reports.
Q. Is the business done any better now than it was done three or
four or five years agot — ^A. No, I cannot say that it is any better done.
I think, if anything, as far as my judgment goes, it is not done so well.
Q. Are the wages of operators higher or lower t — A. They are lower.
Q. Is there the same esprit de corps among the operators now that
there used to be t — A. I think not ; there is a general feeling among
operators which culminated in the strike of last year against the man-
agement of the Western Union. In some localities that feeling is
stronger than in others.
Q. And that interferes more or less with the efficiency of the operat-
ors, does it f — A. I think so ; yes, sir. My experience has led me to
that conclusion.
Q. A message from New York to Chicago is transmitted directly
through, is it, without any repeating I— A. Yes; in mostca^es, where
everything is favorable, where there is no interruption to the wires.
Q. As a rule t — A. As a rule ; yes, sir.
Q. There is a relay instrument f — ^A. Yes, sir ; there are what we call
repeaters. On some wires there is one repeater, and on some wires two ;
it depends a good deal on the class of the wire.
Q. On the best wire there is only one repeater, is there t — A. Yes,
sir ; under favorable circumstances.
Q. What watching does the repeater require f — A. If there is no bad
weather or other interruption, it should not require very much looking
after during the day. If there is bad weather, that affects what we call
the resistance of the wire, and then those instruments have to be
attended to and readjusted.
Q. Practically speaking, then, there is no perceptible difference be-
tween sending messages from New York to Chicago and sending them
half way, is there f — A. I do not know that I fully get the meaning of
your question.
Q. I mean to say that it costs no more to send a message from New
York to Chicago than it does half that distance or a quarter of that dis-
tance.— A. Nothing, only the cost of the repeating iustniments and the
occasioual time that is required to attend to them.
Q. And one man can attend to a dozen of those repeating instru-
ments, can he f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Practically speaking, does it not cost less to send a message a
long distance between large places than from a large place to a small
place ; that is, can your local operator receive it as rapidly as t^e one
at a large city 1 — A. "So^ %\r *) \>Yifist^ 9iX« a better class of operators, as a
TESTIMONY OF H. 8. 8MITH. 261
general thing, on the larger wires than there are on the local wires. Of
coarse, if they have the business to transmit or receive, they can do
more than one who is on a local wire.
Q. So that it cats down the efiQciency of the operator at the main
office to send to a local office t — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Practically speaking, then, it costs more to send to a small office
at a short distance than it does a long distance between large offices t —
A. Yes, sir; yon cannot send so many messages in the same length of
time.
Q. Now, 'what is the character of the business of the Gold and Stock
Telegraph Company? — A. They famish commercial news — what is
called the commercial news department.
Q. What time do they begin to famish their news t — ^A. As a general
thing, there is the foreign market comes first; it used to reach as about
8.30 : from that time until later. That comes in code^nd has to be trans-
lated, made into manifold copies, and delivered. The foreign market
was not transmitted in Detroit on the tickers; it was delivered to private
subscribers by messengers. Then after that come the regular boards.
Q. Do they come in code, or in ordinary writing t — ^A. They come in
code ; that is, so far that the commodity is represented ; for instance,
wheat is represented by W, corn by C, oats by O, pork by P, &c.; ana
the months are represented by letters which, of course, do not conflict
with the other letters that are used for the commodities themselves. 1
think January is F, February is G, March is H, and so on.
Q. Those reports are sent out by the tickers t — A. Yes, sir ; they are
sent out on the tickers, not in cipher, but in fuU, translated. The Chicago
market lasts from 9.30 a. m. until 1 o'clock p. m., Chicago time, and then
from 2 o'clock to 3 p. m., I think.
Q. The Gold and Stock have a monopoly of all this class of business,
have they not t Take, for instance, the foreign news; have they a mo-
nopoly of thatt — A. I think they have ; yes, sir.
Q. The Gold and Stock collects the news abroad, does it not ? — ^A.
That is the way I understood it — with one class of foreign news, at
least, what we call Beerbohn ; that is the technical name for that class
of business. The way I have understood it is that it was collected by
a man named Beerbohn in London and furnished by him to the Gold and
Stock.
Q. All this class of business is sent and received by your regular
operators t — A. As a general rule there are Ofierators delegated for that
part of the work.
Q. Is any separate account kept t — ^A. I cannot sav as to that.
Q. You never knew of any^ did you, in your office f— A. I never had
anything to do with the booking department.
»i3
i i
I I •
! f
I.' '.
« J
TESTIMONY
OF
BIiVEBTOH S. OHAPKAH, FOBlCBELT OF THE MUTUAL UHIOH
TELEGRAPH COMPAHT.
February 26, 1884
Elvebton B. Chapman swoni and examined.
By the Ohaibman : •
Question. State what connection yon have had with telegraph mat-
ters.— Answer. My only connection with the telegraph business has
been the construction and operation of the lines of the Mutual XJuioa
Telegraph Company.
Q. You had the superintendence of construction of those lines t — A.
Of portions of those lines.
Q. In what portion of the country mostly t — ^A. I constructed the
first section of line built by that company between Boston and Hart-
ford, Conn., and subsequently constructed and operated all of the lines
of that company of west Cleveland, Ohio.
Q. Did you build by contract f — A. The lines were built under a con-
tract made between the telegraph company and John G. Moore & Co.,
of New York.
Q. Moore & Co. had the contract with the company T — A. Yes, sir.
Q. You were doing it for Moore & Co. t — A. I represented John G.
Moore & Co.
Q. What were the general terms of the contract of Moore & Co., if
you know t — A. I cannot answer that question except by hearsay, for I
never saw the contract, and could not testify to its contents.
Q. You do not know on what terms the lines were built !— A. My im-
pression is that a plan was prepared for a telegraphic system that should
reach certain points in the United States, with lines of a specified charac-
ter, and that a certain, specified sum of money, bonds, and stock was to
be furnished. I have no doubt it was figured out per mile, but how it
was figured per mile I cannot state ; I think it was a lump sum, aggre-
gating so much.
264 TESTIMOKY OF E. E. CHAPMAN.
Q. Id carrying on the construction of these lines that you had charge
of in the West you did not build any of them by contract f — A. Yes ;
I built a portion of the line between Cleveland and Chicago by con-
tract, and I built a portion of the line between Chicago and EjBinsas
City by contract.
Q. What was the character of the line between Cleveland and Chi-
cago f — A. It was a highway line, built upon public highways, of 30-
foot poles, not less that 6 inches at the top.
Q. Of what wood t — A. Cedar.
Q. All cedar? — A. Yes, sir; and set not less than 5 feet in the ground,
and on curves and corners 6 feet.
Q. How many wires were they intended to carry f — ^A. Those poles
could carry about sixteen No. 6 and No. 8 wires.
Q. What you would call a very heavy line t — A. Yes ; a heavy, sub-
stantial trunk line.
Q. How many wires did you put upon the line t
The Witness. At that time!
The Chairman. Yes.
A. When the line was originally built we put on but eight wires be-
tween New York and Chicago.
Q. Eight No. 6 wires T — A. I am under the impression, on reflection,
that it was four No. 6 and four No. 8 that were first strung.
Q. In letting the contraets, did you let them covering the whole con-
struction, or let out separate contracts for the poles and for the wires t —
A. We furnished the poles and all the materials at railroad stations.
There was only about 110 miles of that distance that was built by con-
tract. The contractor took the materials from the railroad stations, dis-
tributed them, and built the lines under the inspection of our inspectors.
Q. He did the work! — A. He did the work.
Q. Nothing else f — A. Nothing else.
Q. Do you remember what you paid the contractors per mile for doing
the work? — A. I do not. I have an impression that the contract pro-
vided for stringing four wires, and that I subsequently strung the other
four ; that is my impression. I am inclined to think that the original
contract provided for setting the poles and stringing four wires, at pos-
sibly tl25 per mile; I cannot be certain about the amount.
Q. Simply for doing the work? — A. Putting up the poles and distrib-
uting the material; it might have been $100 a mile, I cannot say. I do
not think it was less than tlOO, and I think it was $125.
Q. Can you inform us what the material cost? — A. I cannot give you
the aggregate. I could figure it up, perhaps, and arrive at about what
it cost, but it would vary; one mile might not cost just what another
would. I purchased these poles at different places, paid dififcrent prices
for them, and the rates of freight from difi'erent points would vary ; there
fore, the cost of the line would vary in different sections of the country.
I could get up a schedule of about the prices, but I cannot now give
you definite information.
Q. Have you no books from which you can obtain the exact figures ? —
A. No, sir; all books relating to accounts of John B. Moore & Co., in
my of^ce in Chicago, were put up and shipped to the home office in New
York. I have no book or record of those transactions.
Q. I would like to have you, if you can, give us as nearly as possible,
your ideas as to what the cost of building those lines was then, and
what the cost would tlo\^ V^e^ o^XixiA^wi^Xvas^ oilXk^t kind.
The Witness. Sba\\l^\vfe^^o\vx\i^^^viK\%\ ^ ^^
The Ch airm: AN . GWe \\. m tomv^^ ^^x^ Vst XXi^ ^V^\^^
TESTIMONY OP E. R. CHAPMAN. 265
A. The material probably cost, landed at stations, from $200 to $225
-per ihile, including the four wires, if I have figured it correctly.
Q. That would make the whole cost, including the work, $350 ?— A.
From $325 to $350 per mile.
Q. This was a very superior line, was it not f — A. Yes, sir ; the best
line that could be built
Q. Of cedar poles, large size, set deep, with cross-arms. — A. Yes, sir;
four-wire cross-arms.
Q. And capable of carrying .sixteen wires ? — A. Yes ; those cross-
arms were madeof clear lumber, seasoned, without a flaw, without a knot,
and of course that sort of thing is expensive. Yon can build a telegraph
line of such material as you could get in the market, buying as cheaply
as possible, of poor quality, for a great deal less money. But we started
out with the idea that it was economy to build the best line that money
could build. We spared no expense in building, and the result was
what we anticipated, that the cost of the maintenance was very much
reduced ; we have lines that will stand up.
Q. Is there any better line than that constructed in the country ? —
A. No, sir ; there is no line so good, in my judgment ; I have never seen
one. tJnderstand, a line might be better located. If you are building
along the winding highway that does not run on section lines you
are obliged te locate your line, of course frequently crossing the high-
way in order to avoid shade trees and other obstructions, and there-
fore yon will not have so good a line as if you were running it on a
straight railroad, for instance. For that reason the material must be
the very best of everything, and the line must be set in such a way as
to withstand any pressure that is brought upon it. The strain on a tele-
graph pole is very great. We draw the wires as taut as they can be
drawn, and the strain on street corners and curves is very great. Every
pole on a corner or curve was guyed and braced, so as te withstand any
strain that might be brought upon it^ — sixteen wires, for instance.
Q. What would be the comparative cost of constructing such a line
now ? Would it be materially different from what it was at that time?
Wire is cheaper, is it not t — A. I think wire is a little cheaper, but I
think poles are advancing a little ; that is my experience. The poles
that I bought were $1.50 apiece, and after the expiration of one year
such poles had gone up to $1.75. How much they have gone up since
that I do not know.
Q. State whether, on the whole, you think the cost would be less or
more now. — A. I do not think it would vary materially, so far as the
actual construction is concerned.
Q. Where did those poles come from f — A. From Michigan, Wiscon
sin, and Canada.
Q. They were all brought from a distance t — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Were they brought to Cleveland by laket — A. No, sir; all were
sent through by rail ; none of the poles used in that line were brought
by water.
Q. And they were then distributed from the main stations on the rail-
road by wagons, I suppose t — A. Yes.
Q. The cost of distribution must have been very considerable ? — A.
Yes ; that was included in the contract.
Q. In the contract for $125 a mile f — A. That included the distribu-
tion of all the material.
Q. From the railroad stations ? — ^A. Yes.
Q. How long would a line of that kind stand, aside firom accidente,
266 TESTIMONY OF E. K. CHAPMAN.
breakage from trees falling, or something of that kind f — A. That would
depend very much on the character of the soil in which the poles were set
.Q. Cedar posts are very durable t — ^A. Yes : that and chestnut are
the only two kinds of wood that are suitable ror telegraph lines. On
the average, I think — I get my information from men of much longer
experience in this business than mine — ^the life of a telegraph pole is
from ten to fifteen years. You should, in the first instance, use a good
long pole, so that afterwards you can cut it off at the iwint where it
rots, which is between wind and water, and then you can reset those
poles by letting them down, and you have another ten years' lease of
life, so to speak.
Q. Do not cedar poles set in the ground generally last longer than
ten years t — ^A. They tell me not. I have not had ten years' experieoce.
The Ghatbman. I have known chestnut fence-posts to stand twenty
years.
The Witness. It depends very considerably on the character of the
soil. I am told in some soils a chestnut pole would rot through in five
years. The chemical properties of the soil have something to do with it.
Q. What was the character of the other line you mentioned, west of
Chicago ; was that a cheaper line f — ^A. All the linens west of Chicago
were cheaper.
Q. Were the lines you built from Chicago to Kansas City about the
same, on the average, as the lines west of Chicago, or were they superior
to most of them T — A. The line from Chicago to Saint Louis was a little
better line in some respects than the line through to Kansas City. The
line from Chicago to Saint Louis was a very good one, not so good a»
either of the trunk lines from Chicago eastwai^, but still it was an ex-
cellent, first-class 25-foot line^ and built along the railroad, just outside
of the right of way of the Chicago and Alton Bailroad.
Q. Just over the line t — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Give us, as nearly as you can, the cost of the lines from Chicago
to Kansas City, describing, in the first place, the quality of the line.—
A. The line from Chicago to Kansas City is on the same poles as the
Saint Louis line as far as Springfield, 111. Then a separate line of poles
was set from that point to Kansas City.
Q. Then take the line from Springfield to E^ansas City, if you please.—
A. That was a 25-foot 5-inch line.
Q. That is, 5 inches was the size of the pole at the small end, and the
pole was 25 feet long f — A. Yes ; and it had but two wires.
Q. It had cross-arms T — A. Yes, sir ; cross-arms for four wires, with
but two wires strung on it.
Q. It was built to carry four wires f — A. Yes ; with an additional
gain for one additional cross-arm in case it was decided to put it on sub-
sequently.
Q. How many wires could you have strung on that linet — A. A line
of as light poles as those ought not to have over four wires to hold them
up iu good shape.
Q. What was the wood used t — A. Cedar.
Q. Brought from the same places as the other? — A. Yes; there is
no cedar in the Western States except in the lake regions.
Q. It was a first-class line of lighter capacity t — A. Yes, a first-class
liih- in every respect ; but having only two wires upon it, it was not
necessary to guy and brace it as firmly as a larger line.
Q. Does the line from Springfield to Kansas City follow railroads!—
A. Yes, sir ; follows the Chicago and Alton Kailroad.
Q. From Springfield to Kansas City t — ^A. From Springfield to Jack-
TESTIMONY OP E. R. CHAPMAN. 267
soDville, 111., it followed the Wabash road; from Jacksouville to Kansas
City, the Chicago and Altou.
Q. Was it on the railroad right of wayt — A. No, sir; just off the
right of way.
Q. I think perhaps that is sufficient of the details as to the descrip-
tion of the line. Now give us your estimate of the cost of the line from
Springfield to Kansas City. — A. A part of that line was constructed by
contract.
Q. Inchidiiig material and workt — A. No, sir; we furnished all the
materials. Outside of the right of way I suppose that line cost in the
neighborhood of $225 a mile, entire cost. But these figures are rather
hurriedly made and I may be wrong; but I do not think 1 am very far
out of the way.
Q. What did your right of way costt — A. That depends very much
on the questioif whether you are building on the highways or on rail-
roads;
Q. This line was just off the right of way of railroads, as I under-
stand?— A. Yes; sir.
Q. Did you have anything to pay for the right of way in that case f —
A. Yes, sir.
Q. To the people who owned the adjoining land to the railroad right
of way f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. In every case did you have something to pay t — A. No, sir; in
many cases not. It was necessary to negotiate with every individual
property-holder having land adjacent to the railroad. We made the
best terms we could. Very often it was a mere nominal consideration
of $1. Then again, we would strike a neighborhood where there would
be some obstreperous old chap that would get up a feeling an targonis tic
to us and insist upon being paid something, and then the whole neigh-
borhood would be striking us for money. If we could not get through
peaceably we had to force our way through by condemnation proce^-
ings. t
Q. Did you in some cases condemn rights of way t — ^A. Yes, but not
many.
Q. What were the damages assessed against you in such cases t I
am speaking now of going through an ordinary farming country. — A.
They vary ver> much. One jury, I remember, awarded $10 per pole
damages, but that verdict was subsequently set aside by the court. It
varied, I suppose, from $1 to $10 per pole.
Q. Per pole or per mile f — A. Per x)ole.
Q. Did you pay in any case $10 a pole going through the country f —
A. No ; there was only one case, I think, where the jury awarded $10
per pole, and that was overruled, and I think was subsequently cut down
to $6 or $5. It depended altogether upon the kind of a fight we h»d
against us. Some farmer would convince a jury that it was an absolute
damage to a 10-foot strip along the whole front of that property, and
they would take that into consideration and charge it up at a very high
rate. In other places the condemnation would only be for a space i>
leet wide, large enough to set the poles. We were not very particular
what we got so that we had some rights that we could depend upon.
Q. Can you make an estimate of the average cost on that line for the
rights of way per mile ? — A. I do not think I can ; I have not the data.
Q. I suppose there was a large part of the country where the people
did not object to having the poles placed ! — A. Oh, yes ; I supi>ose 50
per cent, of the property owners allowed us to go though for a mere
nominal consideration : the other 50 per cent, had to be negotiated with.
n
III
{
268 TESTIMONT OF £. B CHAFMAK.
In some caaes a man would own property for half a mfle alcrngthe Use,
and we wonld pay him only $5 or tlO for the entire right of way aknf
hl8 land.
Q. Was there another telegraph line on the right of way c^ this rail-
road f — Ah Yes,
Q. What line f — A. The joint line of the Western Union and tk
Chicago and Alton Railroad Company.
Q. Did the Chicago and Alton Railroad distribate yoar material at
yoQ wanted it f — A. No, sir.
Q. Did they carry it for 70a t^ *he stations t — A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did they charge you full freight T — ^A. Yes, sir.
By Senatpr Jackson :
Q. You mean local rates ? — A. Yes^ sir.
By the Chaibman :
Q. Then you had to cart it from the stations along your line!— A
Yes, sir.
Q. By the nearest wagon roads t — ^A. Yes, sir.
Q. It would have made a very large difference in the cost if the raii-
road company had distributed the materials along its right of way t—
A. A very great difference in the cost of distribution.
Q. Can 3'ou give an estimate of what this line would have cost if they
had been allowed to build on the railroad right of way, and the railroad
company had distributed your material as they would have done in
building a line for the Western Union Company f — A. That depends
largely upon the kinds of roads you have. In a dry season when yoa
can put on a load of eight to ten poles and distribute them, the expense
wonld not be so heavy, but in a wet season in that country, which, for
some portions of the year is practically bottomless, the expense is very
great. I have seen four horses struggling with three poles and stopping
every few minutes in order to have the mud shoveled out that had piled
up in front of the axles of the wagon. If you strike into a season of that
kind the expense is enormous for the distribution of materials.
Q. Considering all the variations in conditions, can you make a roagfa
estimate of how much it would have cost you if you had had those ^•
vantages t — ^A. I should say from t25 to t50 a mile less. I cannot make
any closer estimate than that.
Q. Where you built, as you did your Cleveland and Chicago line,
along public highways, wagon roads, did you have any trouble io se-
curing the right of way? — A. Not generally through the country. There,
too, you frequently strike the obstreperous yeoman who insists that yoa
have no right to go along that road, and you may have to quiet him
with a liberal administration of greenbacks, or he may stir up a horoet's
nest that may cost you a thousand dollars. That is largely a matter of
luck.
Q. Could they have prevented you from building on the public
roads f — A. It depends on what State you are in. In the State of Indi-
ana a telegraph company has no rights upon the public highways, an-
der the legislation of the State. In the State of Ohio, however, tele-
graph companies have very extensive rights upon the highways ; they
have the right of way upon any public highway of the State, the right
to cross any public bridge, and all that sort of thing. In the State of
Michigan the rights of telegraph companies are not so well defined as
in the State of Ohio. But that is a question that is always agitating
the mind of the average country lawyer, and it is one that, in bailding
TESTIMONT OF £. R. CHAPMAN. 269
telegraph lines, is liable to give yoa a great deal of trouble, and does
give you a great deal of trouble. The rights of property-holders abut-
ting on the highways, and the rights of corporations to build telegraph
lines upon them, are not so clearly defined as they ought to be.
Q. On this line from Springfield to Kansas City yon stated that you
built just off the right of way of the railroad company, and that they
offered you no facilities for constructing your line ; why was that ? — A.
It was alleged by the officials of the railroad company that it would be
in violation of their contract with the Western Union Company to give
us any facilities whatever.
Q. Did you find that generally the case in constructing lines in the
Western country t — A. Always.
Q. Were you ever able to construct any line on the right of way of
railroad companies t — ^A. Ifo, sir.
Q. It was always for that reason, was it t — A. Always for that reason.
Q. In every case it turned out tnat the railroad company had a con-
tract with the Western Union giving them exclusive rights to the right
of way 7 — A. Yes, sir. I would say this, however, that the railroad of-
ficials of maDy of the roads in the Western States have expressed them-
selves as being anxious and willing to give us every possible facility,
and regretted that they were unable to do so.
Q. They had no unfriendly feeling towards your company, bat were
simply bound up by the contract! — A. Bound by the contract.
Q. Did you ever try to obtain a right of way by condemnation within
a railroad right of way f — A. No, sir.
Q. You considered it cheaper to go outside?— A. Yes, sir ; the right
to build a telegraph line upon the right of way of a railroad company
would be of little value without the good will and co-operation of the
railroad company.
Q. Was this line you constructed from Springfield to Kansas City
about a fair specimen of your lines other than the main trunk lines, or
did you build many cheaper lines f — A. That was about a fair specimen.
The line from Milwaukee to Saint Paul was of about the same charac-
ter, but along the highways. The line from Indianapolis to Louisville,
110 miles, was alongside of a railroad ; that was about the same char-
acter.
Q» Do you not, in some places, construct lines of only one wire, and
without any cross-arms? — A. I never built* but one line with one wire,
and there we had a cross-arm in anticipation of another wire.
Q. Where you use two wires, you always use cross-arms?— A. Yes,
sir ; and it would be advisable to put up cross-arms if there is any
probability of another wire being strung within a few years.
Q. Can you inform us with reference to the relative cost of such a
line as you constructed compared with such lines as commonly existed
there or had been constructed before? — A. No, sir : I do not think I
could, not having any knowledge as to the cost of the other lines.
Q. Were not most of the lines through that section very much more
cheaply constructed than yours ? — A. I should say they were. Many of
them were old lines that had been built a good many years ago, when
it was not the custom to build as good lines as now-a-days.
Q. Did you construct any considerable amount of lines over public
lands ? — A. None at all that I am aware of.
By Mr. Hubbabd :
Q. Would 10 i)er cent, a year keep telegraph lines in repair forever ? —
A. Ten per cent, a year would furnish the renewals. That is, I would
270 TESTIMONY OF E. R. CHAPMAN.
estimate that the lines would last ten years, and if yon annually pat
in 10 x>er cent, for renewals (that is, new cross-arms, &c.), of coarse yoa
would keep yonr line up. What we call repairs is the matter of refMur-
ing temporary breaks, which would be in addition to that. That qaes-
tioD of repairs is one that gives telegisaph companies a great deal of
trouble.
Q. Cannot highway lines of twenty or thirty wires be maintained as
cheaply as a railroad linet I am not talking about first cost of con-
struction ? — ^A. As the wires increase the liability to trouble increases;
you are more liable to have wires out of order the more wires vou have.
For a commercial line between New York and Chicago, doing the basi-
ness that we did — we catered to the speculative business, and did a very
large per cent, of it — I think I would rather have a highway line than
a railroad line, but that kind of a line would be a little expensive to keep
up. However, I should have linemen stationed so frequently that the
line would always be up every morning before 9 o'clock after any inter-
rui>tion. Whereas, in case of a railros^ line, if, on making a test, yoa
find the wires down at 6 o'clock a. m. between Adrian, Mich., for in-
stance, and Three Bivers, Mich., on that stretch of 30 miles there per-
haps is not a train before 11 o'clock in the morning on which a line-
man could go to look for this trouble. But if you are on a highway be-
tween Three Rivers and Adrian you start your linemen out of Three
Rivers very early in the morning after a break, driving at the rate they
drive in that coautr}' over good, hard roads, and the break will here-
paired and communication re- established along the whole line. If nec-
essary, you could cover the whole line between New York and Chicajjo
in the same way. Yoo could absolutely cover every inch of line between
New York and Chicajxo before 9 o'clock every morning, so that you would
have a reliable line, whereas on the railroad lines you have to await the
moving of trains. There are many reasons why a highway line for com-
mercial purposes is very desirable.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Stations on railway lines are nearer together on the average,
though, than on highway lines, are they nott — A. I hardly think they
will average more so than on the lines we built. We put in our sta-
tions very frequently. They will have an office at every railroad sta-
tion, for instance, but you will notice that but one wire comes in for
railroad purposes. All the wires do not go in to every station.
Q. But you can ascertain whether there is difficulty between stations
by the use of one wire t — A. Oh, no ; unless the wires come in so that
you can make a test. If only one wire comes in, that is the only wire
upon which you can make a test at that small station. The others can
only be tested between the principal points.
The Chairman. I call your attention to a statement of the Western
Union Company, in their annual report for 1869, in which they state
they had constructed from July 1, 1866, to July 1, 1869, 7,968 miles
of poles and something over 18,000 miles of wire, which is about two
and a quarter miles of wire, on the average, to a mile of poles. They
report that the total cost of that construction was $1,238,000, which is
an average of $150 a mile for everything, including the poles and the
two and a quarter miles of wire to a mile of poles. That is a cheaper
average than any you have described.
The Witness. Does the report set forth that that amount of line was
constructed wholly by the telegraph company I
The Chairman. Yes.
The Witness. You probably understand that many of the contracts
TESTIMONY OF E. K. CHAPMAN. 271
between the Western Union Company and the railroad companies pro*
vide that the railroad shall famish the poles and set them, and that the
telegraph company will then string wires and ftumish instruments. It
is possible that that is that kind of coustraction. Most*of the Western
railroad contracts within a few years, and some that have expired, were
upon that basis.
Q. In that case the company would not have a sole ownership in the
line f — A. No, sir. There are very few lines in the United States that
that company has sole ownership of, I think.
The Chairman. Mr. Green stated yesterday that they had absolute
ownership of 114,000 miles.
By Mr. Hubbard :
Q. I suppose a line of telegraph along a railroad where they would
take trees and use them for poles would cost very much less than the
price you have given f — ^A. Oh, yes 5 but that would not be practicable.
Ton cannot use any kind of wood for poles that you find along the rail-
road.
By Mr. Lines :
Q. A railroad company would not buy poles four or five hundred
miles away ; in that case the telegraph company would furnish the poles
usually, would they not t — A. Oh, no, sir ; there are two large concerns
in Chicago that handle annually, I suppose, from 700,000 to 1,000,000
telegraph poles. They are sold and shipped to all points throughout
the Western States and Territories. I have seen poles consigned to El
Paso from Chicago.
Q. Consigned to a railroad company or a telegraph company ? — A.
Consigned to a railroad company. Then again, there are other contracts
where the telegraph company furnishes everything. I presume on such
trunk lines as the Pennsylvania Central, for instance, they own their
entire line.
By the Chairman :
Q. It is your opinion that a large proportion of the lines which the
Western Union Company claims ownership of were constructed in part
by the railroad companies f — A. I would not like to give an opinion
generally, for I do not know much of the country. But so far as my
information goes in regard to the western country, that is the case. I
cannot testify to it because I do not know it. I have seen copies of
some of those contracts, but have never seen the original contracts, of
course, and I only know by hearsay.
Q. Were you employed in connection with the Mutual Union Com-
pany up to the time the Western Union acquired its property! — A. Yes;
I was the general superintendent of the western division/
Q. Can you inform the committee about what length of lines they
had at that time f — A. No ; I could not give you the length of the lines
in the Eastern States ; I have no knowledge, except from what I have
been told.
Q. What is your opinion on the subject ! You must know some-
where near. — A. I think the Mutual Union Telegraph Company had
somewhere between 7,000 and 8,000 miles of poles, and somewhere be-
tween 40,000 and 50,000 miles of wire.
Q. Have you any idea as to what the cash cost of the property trans-
ferred was f — A. No ; I have not. Everything was consolidated in New
York, and it was a matter with which I had no connection.
272 TESTIMONY OF E. R. CHAPMAN.
Q. Did yon meet any serions obstacles in the way of oonstmcting
your lines, on acconnt of opposition made by other companies t — A.
Yes; we met with the usual opposition which competing companies
have to encounter.
Q. Were there many suits commenced against you ?— A. There were a
great many suits commenced against the company, of which I have no
personal knowledge, principally in the Eastern States. There were not
many suits commenced in the Western States, in fact none commenced
by the telegraph company ; litigation was commenced by individuals
very frequently.
Q. Wa« that litigation instigated by other telegraph companies, as a
geqeral rule? — ^A. We had a very strong suspicion that that was the
case in many instances.
Q. Do you not know, as a matter of fact, that there were a great
many suits instituted to embarrass your operations that were instigated
by the Western Union Company t — A. Perhaps not so many suits as
hindrances and stumbling-blocks thrown in our path in this way: My
men, obtaining rights of way along a railroad, for instance, would find
that some one had got in in advance of them, and made contracts with the
land owners, ostensibly with a view to building a new telegraph line, by
which contract the land owner gave to this individual, as trustee, the
exclusive right of way across his property. The average land owner
was, of course, when we came to negotiate for our lines, while anxious
to see us go through, when the matter wjis explained to them, very
averse to giving us any rights for fear of litigation. The consequence
was that we very frequently had trouble of that kind* An agent of the
Western Union Company would interview a neighborhood of land own-
ers and make contracts with them, ostensibly for the construction of a
new telegraph line, agreeing, on the payment of $1 and the execution
of the contract, to give $10 per pole when the line was built. They sup-
posing that it was a bona fids transaction, and supposing that a company
was coming along building lines, were supposed to object to our coming,
and we had a great deal of trouble of that kind all over the Western
States, and it led to delays, embarrassments, and expense. That is the
only way in which we were annoyed.
Q. That proceeding must have been instigated by other telegraph
companies, of course ? — A. I succeeded in fastening it down in one or
two instances upon agents of the Western Union Company.
Q. That was really the principal embarrassment you had in getting
through f — A. Yes, sir.
Q. And it really increased very largely your cost for right of way f —
A. Yes, sir. Then we were always subjected to opposition fipom un-
known sources in every town that we attempted to go through, and very
frequently that was probably stirred up and brought about by other
companies.
TESTIMONY
OF
JOHN 0. VAV DUZEBy FOSMESLT OOHGflBVOIOB OF UHHED STATB8
MniTABT TELEGRAPH LIHE8.
Mwrdk 4, 1884.
John G. Van Duzbb sworn and examined.
By the Ohaibman :
Question. What is your occupation t — ^Answer. I am a printer and
publisher.
Q. Publisher of a newspaper t — A. Yes.
Q. What is the name of the paper you publish t — A. It is called the
Iron Port, and is published at Escanaba, Mich.
Q. Have you ever had any connection with the telegraph business t —
A. I was formerly engaged in telegraphing.
Q. What class of work did you do in connection with telegraphing t —
A. I may say that I have been connected with all the work of telegraph-
ing, from building to managing.
Q. Have you constructed lines t — ^A. I have.
Q. Where t — ^A. In the States south of the Ohio Biver, during the re-
bellion, in the State of Texas, in the Indian Territory, and in the Terri-
tories of New Mexico, Montana, and Dakota.
Q. What lines have yon constructed since the wart— A. Those in
Texas, the Indian Territory, New Mexico, Montana, and Dakota.
Q. What extent of lines! — A. Altogether about 4,^^)0 miles.
Q. Is that the extent of lines you have constructed since the wart —
A. Yes^ sir.
Q. How many miles did you construct in the State of Texas t — ^A.
Something over 1,200, including a short branch reaching into the Indian
Territory.
Q. For whom did you construct the Texas lines t — A. For the (Gov-
ernment.
S. Rep. 577, pt. 2 18 873
274 TESTIMONY OF JOHN C. VAN DUZEB.
» *.t
%
<• i
li
Q. Under tbe War Department. — ^A. Under the direction of the
Chief Signal Officer.
«f Q. What are called military lines. — A. Yes ; they were called mili-
tary lines.
Q. State what time these Texas lines were constracted. — A. In the
years 1874 aud 1875.
Q. Now, please give us an idea of the cost of building those liDes, 80
for as yon can^ giving the separate items. — A. The cost of the materials
entering into the lines, as near as I can now estimate, without reference
to any records, did not exceed $50 a mile.
Q. That is for a one-wire line. — ^A. A single- wire line.
Q. Do you include poles in that estimate for materials f — A. Certainly;
all materials.
Q. It does not include the wire, does it t — A. Poles, insulators, and
wire.
Q. The cost of the whole t — ^A. As near as I can now estimate it from
my memoryi
Q. What sort of wire did you use! — ^A. No. 9 wire.
Q. What did it cost you for labor t — A. The labor was performed by
troops,
Q. Gan you tell very nearly what it would have cost if you had had
to hire labor t — A. I estimated it at one time when the whole matter
was fresher in my memory, and when I had access to records, at $25 a
' mile.
Q. Do you think you could now build that same line in Texas for
$75 a mile, including everything! — ^A. I think it could be done.
Q. How much additional would it cost you for another wire f— A.
Not to exceed $30 a mile.
Q. Gan you state how much more it would cost to use No. 8 wiref^
A. The additional cost of the wire at the price then paid for wire would
have fallen within $4 a mile.
Q. What is the difference in weight between No. 9 and No. 8f— A
About 50 pounds to the mile.
Q. You estimate the wire worth what per pound f — A. Seven and
a half cents.
Q. So, if you had used No. 8 wire, it would have cost you $4 more per
milet — ^A. Something less than $4 a mile. I put the outside figure on
it in my answer.
Q. And for two wires it would be something less than $8 more f— A
Yes, sir.
Q. What did you use for poles t — A. Ghiefly red cedar. Some por-
tions of the line were put up on post oak, and some portion of it op on
juniper.
Q. Where were the poles obtained f — A. In the State of Texas, with
tbe exception of one cargo, which was shipped to the mouth of the Bio
Grande from Norfolk, Va.
Q. Were those poles obtained near the line f — ^A. No, sir. The trans-
portation of poles was a serious item in the cost ; some of them were
hauled a distance of 100 miles.
Q. What sort of poles did you use t— A. We used a 25-foot cedar pole,
5 inches at the top ; the juniper poles were smaller — 4 inches at the top
and 20 feet in length.
Q. Were those mostly cedar poles t — ^A. Mostly.
Q. Were those lines constructed along public roads t — ^They were
not.
Q. Where were they constructed t — ^A. They were constructed in part
I:
TESTIMONY OP JOHN C. VAN DUZBR. 275
along trails, bat very largely across the country ; it was an entirely an-
fenced country.
Q. And yon took the shortest line t — A. The shortest line.
Q. Were they across public lands t — ^A. Very largely so.
Q* You had no expense for right of way! — A. Nothing.
Q. Where are the poles generally obtained for building Western
lines t — ^A. A very large number of them are obtained fh)m the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan, and the State of Wisconsin, adjacent to Green
Bay.
Q. What kind of poles are obtained from that country t^^A. YiThite
cedar.
Q. Can you state what those poles are worth, say at the place where
you reside t — A. Poles 25 feet long and 5 inches in diameter at the top
can be purchased there now at 40 cents per pole.
Q. What are they worth in the large markets, like Ohicago and De-
troit— what can they be laid down fort — A. For the price I have named,
with 30 cents additional for "water transportation.
Q. So that these poles can be delivered in Chicago for 70 cents eacht —
A. Seventy cents.
Q. Are those poles distributed firom there pretty generally all over
the western country for construction of lines t — ^A. very largely.
Q. What should you say that those poles would cost idong the lines
of railroads in Illinois and Iowa t — A. That would depend upon the
terms which could be obtained of the railroad companies for their trans-
portation. I should say that they could be distributed anywhere in
the States of Illinois and Iowa at the railway stations in car-load lots
at a cost not to exceed 11.25.
Q. And at many points at much less than that t — ^A. I was averaging
the whole. At some of the farthest Western or Southern points they
would cost a little more; taking the whole, I think $1.25 each would
cover their cost.
Q. Were the lines you built substantially constructed t — A. Some of
them were not so ; some of them were constructed as substantially as
anybody's lines.
Q. How deep did you place the poles in the ground t — ^A. For a single
wire line, 4 feet in depth. I built some lines intended for carrying more
wires, where I was compelled to place the poles 5 and, in some instances,
6 feet in the ground.
Q. How many wires would poles of the kind you have described
carry 1
The Witness. The 25-foot poles t
The Ghaibman. Yes.
A. They could be made to carry four wires.
Q. The poles were heavy enough for four wires t — A. Tes^ sir.
Q. Are you well acquainted with the character of the Imes in the
Western States, generally t — A. I have a general acquaintance with
them.
Q. Were these lines you built as well constructed as the average lines,
excepting what might be called the important trunk lines t
The Witness. Have you reference now to the lines in the Terri-
tories f
The Chairman. I have reference to lines in Western States — what
might be called branch lines.
The Witness. Have you reference to lines which I constructed in
Territories t
The Ghaibman. I am speaking now, generally, with reference to th^
276 TESTIMONY OP JOHN C. VAN DUZEK.
character of the lines, and am asking whether ihe lines yon built were
constmcted as substantially as the average lines. — ^A. Where the lines
were intended for permanent use, they were. But I bailt many lines
which had merely a temporary value, and those were less well-con*
stmcted than ordinary lines.
Q. Was some of that class included in those 1,200 miles in Texas f—
Yes ; some of it.
Q. How large a proportion f— A. A very small proportion.
Q. Can you tell us anything about the telegraphic service, as per-
formed at present by existing companies in the part of the country
where you reside t — A. The service at my place of residence is very
badly performed.
Q. From what cause! — A. For the reason that the lines are used
jointly by the telegraph companies and the railway companies, and the
railway companies have the precedence in service. The public is served
only when the railway business does not occupy the lines. That is the
principle.
Q. Have you had considerable personal exi)erience of that kind !—
A. I have had some ; but my answer to the question takes in not only
my own experience but observation and common report.
Q. On lines where there are only one or two wires used jointly by the
railroad company and the telegraph company, as far as your experience
and observation go, the railway company always has the first right to
use the line f — A. Always.
Q. I assume that on the trunk lines, along the railroads where they
have a number of wires, the railroad company has a distinct wire for it8
own uset — A. Usually.
Q. But on a great many branch lines they use the same wires in com-
mon t — A. Yes.
Q. Can you give us any information on the subject of furnishing reports
for newspapers f — ^A. Not of my own knowledge ; I can only repeat
what I have heard.
Q. Do you know, of your own knowledge, of any cases where persons
have desired to obtain news reports, but have been unable to do so?—
A. I know such a case from the statements of the parties interested.
Q. What is that case f — A. That is the case of the Mining Journal at
Marquette. Th ; proprietors of that journal have for some time desired to
establish a daily, but have been unable to do so because of inability to
procure reports. I have that from the statement of the business man-
ager of the firm, and within the last month.
Q. Were there no conditions upon which that paper could have ob-
tained the news dispatches ? — A. He told me there were none ; that he
had been unable to get the reports upon any terms.
Q. Why was thatf — A. At this time because of the lack of fiidlitiefl
on the part of the telegraph company for transmitting the reports to
him, as I understood him. Other obstacles had been overcome to some
extent. That was the trouble when he made the statement to me
lately.
Q. Do you know whether he ever tried to obtain the reports through
a franchise conferred by the Associated Press f — A. He had done so,
and had acquired a franchise. His firm, as he told me, had purchased
a franchise from the Western Associated Press.
Q. And yet he never was able to obtain the dispatches t — ^A. He had
not been able up to that time.
Q. He is not publishing a daily f — A. He is not.
Q. He never started a daily paper for that reason t — A. For that
reason.
TESTIMONY OP JOHN C. VAN DUZER. 277
•
Q. Has this difficulty existed to any extent throagb that portion of
the State of Michigan t Do yon know of any other instances! — A. It
exists throngh all that portion of the State of Michigan west of Lake
Michigan — what we call the upper peninsula of Michigan.
Q. Has the difficulty been caused by the fact that the Western Union
have not sufficient lines f — A. That is the difficulty.
Q. Are their lines crowded with business all the time f — ^A. Over-
crowded.
Q. What are their lines mostly — one or two wii-e lines f — A. Two-wire
lines.
Q. The failure of the parties wishing to establish daily papers there
has not been caused by the fact that the Western Associated Press
would not furnish them the news f — A. I understood from Mr. Horn-
stein that there was a difficulty in that resx)ect.
Q. How long have you been connected with the telegraph business
altogether t — A. At intervals, ever since 1848.
Q. Were you ever connected with the Western Union Company t —
A. No. sir ; not directly. I learned the business and practiced it first
in 1848 upon the lines extending from Buffalo to Milwaukee. In 1852 I
became connected with the Erie Railway Company as a telegraph oper-
ator and builder, and continued with that company eight years in one
capacity or anotner, always, however, as a telegrapher. In 1859 I went
to Illinois and became connected with a line there, also upon railroads,
and remained there until the breaking out of the war, shortly after
which I went into the military service, also in charge of telegraphic work;
I commenced by building lines in North Missouri, and continued in that
service till 1866, when I was mustered out. i he service rendered to
the Signal Office, as a builder oflines, occupied me for about three years,
in 1874 and 1876, and in the winter of 1877-78.
Q. What has been your observation generally about the management
of the system under present organizations f — ^A. I hardly kn«w how to
answer the question.
Q. I mean to say whether the work is managed more economically by
the existing companies than it has been managed by the Government t —
A. The business is certainly more economically managed by the com-
panies than any work which I did for the Government ; the object in
the one case being to make a profit, and in the other simply to get the
work done (being military work) without regard to expense.
Q. I was alluding to the operating. I mean to say by the conduct of
the business after the lines were completed. — A. It still costs the Gov-
ernment more to operate military lines than it costs a telegraph com-
pany to operate lines not military in their character. We were compelled
to pay higher wages for operators and to maintain offices and lines under
difficulties which did not beset the lines or the offices of companies.
Q. You are referring to the Army telegraphs. — A. I am referring to
the military lines and Army telegraphs.
Q. What extent of military lines had you charge of during the war t —
A. I had charge of the lines south of the Ohio River and west of the
Alleghany Mountains, and reaching to the Gulf. The greatest mileage
of lines under my control at any one time was some 4,200 miles.
Q. By whom are those lines owned now t — A. Such of them as exist
are owned by the Western Union Telegraph Company.
Q. Do you know on what terms they acquired them t — A. I do not.
It!
I
.a
•i
If*
H
I ■ ■
TESTIMONY
OF
A. P. SWIHEFOBD, 07 THE HASaUETTE (MICH.) UHIHO JOUBVAL.
March 6y 1884.
A. P. SwiNEFOBD sworn and examined.
By the Ghaibman :
Question. State your residence and occupation. — ^Answer. Marqnettei
Mich. : editor and publisher of a newspaper.
Q. What paper t — A. The Mining Journal.
Q. I would like to have you give us your experience in regard to ob-
taining telegraphic news for your paper. — A. Mr. Ghairman, we have not
had any experience in obtaining news; we have had some in not obtain-
ing it. We have been endeavoring for the past year to commence the
publication of a daily paper at Marquette, but have not been able to do
80, for the reason that we have not been able to get telegraphic service
over the Western Union lines, the only lines we have up there. They
have two lines, one from Detroit across the Straits of Mackinaw to our
town, and also one from Ghicago, along the line of the Northwestern
Bail way. Our experience in that particular has been like this : I think
it was a matter of some fifteen months ago that we determined to estab-
lish a daily paper, something that the people of our section very much
desired. The first step we took was to interview the manager of the
Western Union Telegraph Gompany at Ghicago, General Glowry, who
informed us that they could not then give us the service for the reason
that they bad not sufficient wire capacity, bat that they had made ar-
rangements to string a new wire, and as soon as that was up they would
give us the service, provided we made arrangements with the Associated
Press for the news service, and said they would give us telegraphic
service by the first of last July. We saw the Associated Press people
and informally made an arrangement with them for the new service,
paying $1,000 bonus, and their regular monthly tariff for the service
280 TESTDIONT OF A. P. 8WINEFORD
afterwards. In May we made all the preparatioDS for our paper, ptir-
chased press, type, and material of every kind, even to the headingfor tiie
paper, which has oeen l3ring in the office nnosed ever since. The Ist of
July came without a fulfillment of their contract. They made the excuse
that owing to the strike they had not been able to get up their wire.
They could not tell us when they would get up the special wire. Fi-
nally they announced to us that they would give us the service commenc-
ing with the 1st of December. That promise they did not keep. The
last agreement we got out of them was for commencing the service by
the 1st of March, 1884. My partners went on and made eveiy other
arrangement that was necessary, employed additional reporters, and
had them on hand — made engagements wiUi them, and at the last moment
found out that the news service which the Associated Press would give
them was entirely unavailable for our purposes ; that they would only
give us the afternoon dispatches for a morning paper. My partner then
saw the agent of the United Press, and made very satisfactory arrange-
ments with that concern, and went back to Oeneral Clowry and had a
meeting with him and the Chicago manager at Milwaukee.
Q. What was General dowry's official position 1 — A. I think he wa»
general agent ; he has charge of the telegraph lines.
By Senator Jackson :
Q. The Western Union lines f — A. Yes, sir. He had a meeting with
them and made a bargain with them for the United Press dispatdies to
be sent to Milwaukee. I left it in that way. But since I came here 1
have received a letter from my partner telling me that they had kicked
the whole arrangement over and squeezed the life out of the projected
daily. The telegraphic tolls that they proposed to charge us — the amount
stated by themselves, and which we were perfectly wBliug to pay orig-
inally— ^was $30 a week for the Associated Press dispatches and half a
cent a word for specials or anything extra. We were perfectly willing
to pay that. We were also willing^ if they had given us the right serv-
ice, to pay the bonus to the Associated Press and their tariff for the
news service, if desired. I will just read what my partner says in that
letter. I know nothing about what has transpired since I left except
what he has written me.
By the Chairman :
Q. Please read the whole letter. — A. It is not couched in very polite
terms. This is from my editorial associate, Mr. James Eussell, who is
also a partner in the paper. Speaking of my partner, Mr. Homstein,
he says :
Albert has been feeling better ever aince, until yesterday —
He was referring to th^ prospect of getting out a daily, and was feel-
ing very good —
when oar last hope of getting telegraphic service for the pro|eoted daily was dissi-
pated by a message announcing that the best the Western Union would do for ii»
would be to furnish us with a service of 3,500 words from Chicago at the rate of flO^
a week, half a cent a word for anything extra.
The original agreement was $30 a week. •
Q. That was on condition that you would take the Associated Press
dispatches t — A. Yes, sir.
Q. And this was on the understanding that you were going to take
dispatches from the United Press f — A. Yes, sir. But l^fore I came
away they had made some arrangement for the night press dispatches.
TESTIMONY OF A. P. 8WINKF0RD. 281
They were going to give us the telegraphic service at the same rate,
only we were to be served by the United Press instead of the Associatea
Press.
This settles it. as a matter of conrse. The service we tried to arrange for latterly
was that of the United Press, the V^estem Associated crowd allowing no desire to o£fer
any service that it would be possible for us to make available for snob a paper as ours
is desired to be. The proposition submitted by the Western Union yesterday is a
square oack-down on their agreement with Hornstein a week ago, when he saw General
Ciowry at Milwaukee and their Chicago manager in relation to getting the United
Press dispatches over that line. They then professed a j^erfect willingness to serve
the United Press Association, and as reasonably as the rival older concern, but the
seqnal proves they lied. The connection between these two beastly monopolies is re-
vealed m the action of the Western Union. But they have squeezed thfi life ont of
our daily project for the present at least
I feel more than ever that this is a ver^ poor country for an honest man to live in.
Albert's face measures 12 inches from hair roots to chin since the coup was given his
darling scheme by dowry's ultimatum of yesterday, and 1 myself confess to. a dis-
quieting feelinff, such as mi^ht be iuspired by a sense of the presence of a corpse
somewhere in the office. It is a bad disappointment to all of us. If you can do any
work down there to punish the rascals, do not fail to put it in, for the love yoa
bear us.
That is aboat all that I know aboat it personally. I infer, however^
from this letter, where it speaks of a back down from the arrangement
made a week ago, that something else, that he has not written to me
about, transpired after I came away. Probably they ^had made some
other offer, which my partners had accepted, at an increased price, and
then went back on that. That would be the inference I would draw
from this letter. But I know that the arrangement was that they had
agreed to give us the telegraphic service for $30 a week, and now they
jump to $105, which would be in the neighborhood of $5,500 a year
simply for the press dispatches.
Q. If you had carried out your first arrangement, and taken the As-
sociated Press dispatches, have you any doubt that you would have
been able to receive the news at the rate you say — thirty-five hundred
words at $30 a week f — A. Certainly we would.
Q. That was agreed tof — A. That was agreed to.
Q. But you wanted your news from some other source f — A. We simply
found that the Associated Press would not give us the dispatches or
the service we absolutely required, in order to make our paper a success.
We then dickered with the United Press, and found that they would
give us just what we wanted, and were not going to charge us any
bonus ; besides, we would save a thousand dollars, which we would
have been compelled to pay the Associated Press in the way of bonus^
or for the franchise, and would have no larger amount, and I think not
quite so much, to pny for the service in sending the news.
Q. Were there any other conditions required by the Western Union
Telegraph Company except that you should take your news from the
Associated Press t — ^A. No, sir; but that condition was not imposed in
the beginning.
Q. But afterwards f — A. I want to say to the committee that that
was our original idea. At the time we first talked about taking the
Associated Press dispatches, living away off in that isolated district,
we had no knowledge whatever of there being such an institution as
the United Press Association.
Q. But at a later date you were informed by the agent of the West-
ern Union Telegraph Company that you must obtain your news from
the Associated Press f — A. Yes, sir; they had made that an ultimatum.
Q. How many people are living on the peninsula t — A. We have a
population there close upon 150,000.
282 TESTIMONT OF A. P. 8WIKEFORD.
Q. Is there any daily paper publiBhed there t — A. No. sir ; the near-
est daily pajter to us is published at Bay City, id lower Michigan.
Q. Under the existing state of things, is it possible to pabli^ a daily
paper at Marquette f — A. Oh, no ; we cannot do it.
Q. You cannot do it and make it a success t — ^A. Certainly not. We
have been improving our officCi patting in material and getting fineil-
ities for publishing a respectable paper, and we have been to an expense
of about $5,000 for material of all kinds.
By Mr. OASDmEB O. Hubbard :
Q. Were your dealings with the Western Union or with the Asso-
ciated Press t — A. With the Western Union.
Q. They offered to sell you Associated Press news t — A. Oh, no, sir ;
I went myself, personally, to General Glovrry, and he told me tbe
terms on which they would give us the telegraphic service as soon as
they got the additional wire stretched.
Q. That is ihe Associated Press news, you mean t — A. Yes, sir ; he
said they would give us the telegraphic service, but we must go and
arrange for the dispatches with Mr. Smith, of the Associated Press,
which I did. It was merely an informal talk, in which he told me what
would be required of us, and which we were perfectly willing to con-
cede.
By the Ohaibman :
Q. It amounts to this, if I understand you, tliat they offered to give
you this service of thirty-flve hundred words a day for $30 a week, pro
vided you took your news from a certain association t — ^A. Yes, sir ;
that is what it amounts to.
Q. But if you obtained your news from any other source you were to
pay $105 a week! — ^A. That is it exactly. Understand, the arrange-
ment was that they were to furnish us not to exceed thirty-five hundmi
words a day. If we only got one hundred words we had to pay the
same amount ; but if they furnished us anything over thirty-five hun-
dred we had to pay for the excess at the rate of half a cent a word.
Q. Are there any telegraph lines on the peninsula of Michigan, not
owned by the Western Union Telegraph Company! — A. No, sir; none
that I know of. There may be a little line on what is called the Ke-
weenaw Peninsula ; that is an independent line running from Eagle
Harbor to Houghton, I think, and my impression is that the Western
Union Company owns that now,too. A line was built from the Straits
of Mackinaw, where they had a cable some years ago, for the bencsfit
of the shipping interests In connection with the Sault Ste. Marie Canal,
more especially for the purpose of announcing the arrival of ore ves-
sels there, so that cargoes might be ready for them. The Western
Union bought that up with the express agreement that they were to
keep it running. Itwas built by private parties at Marquette. The
Western Union got it, and I think they kept it up four or five months,
and then destroyed it entirely. A year or two ago the Detroit, Macki-
naw and Marquette Bailroad Company put up a telegraph line firom
the straits to Marquette, and the Western Union bought that up. So
that they now have a monopoly of the business entirely.
By Mr. Hubbabd :
Q. Was the news from the Associated Press a drop news to youf— A.
I do not know as to that. They were to be tbe regular Associated Press
dispatches. But when we came to the point, they would only give us
TESTDiONT OF LLOTD BREZEB. 283
the afternoon dispatches for a morning paper. If the committee desire
to know anything aboat the service, I will say that the commercial serv-
ice in oar State is very unsatisfactory. In fact, we would a great deal
rather rely on mail facilities generally, for dispatch, than apon the tele-
graph company. I have frequently, upon going from my home down to
what is called the Menominee Range, sent a dispatch announcing that
I would be there the next day, a distance of from 100 to 125 miles, and
the party would receive my dispatch after I had been there and trans-
acted my business with him. I have also, frequently^ telegraphed par-
ties to whom I had previously written concerning busmess matters, and
they would receive my letter first and the dispatch afterwards.
John C. Van Duzeb recalled and fbrther examined.
By the Ghaibman :
Question. You have had experience in the telegraph business and are
informed in regaid to itf — Answer. Yes, sir.
Q. Can you stat/C to the committee whether this news, which they
proposed to furnish to Marquette, as testified to by Mr. Swineford to-
day, is what is called drop newst — A. It was not. The point to which
that news was to be furnished was the farthest point on the Une run-
ning in that direction, and the news would have to be sent from Green
Bay and delivered specially, so that it would not be what is called drop
news.
TESTIMONY OF LLOYD BBEZBE, EDITOR OP THE DETROIT
(MICH.) EVENING JOUENAL.
• Llotd Bbezeb sworn and examined.
By the Ghaibman :
Question. State your residence and occupation. — Answer. Detroit,
Mich.; editor of the Detroit Evening Journal.
Q. That is a paper published in Detroit? — A. Yes, sir; an afternoon
noon paper.
Q. How large a circulation have yout — A. Between seventeen thous-
and and eighteen thousand.
Q. How long have you been publishing that paper f — A. Six months
the 1st of the month.
Q. Will you inform the committee as to the manner in which you ob-
tain your newsf Give us any information in your possession in regard
to the matter of obtaining dispatches. — A. The Evening Journal is not
a member of the Associated Press, or the United Press, or of any press
association whatever. Its news is obtained by means of special cor-
respondents located in Washington, New York, Chicago, and through-
out the State of Michigan, and at difierent points in the country. Our
telegraphic service is performed by the Western Union Company, with
which company we have a contract. This contract is the same as the
contracts of the other newspapers in Detroit, the Associated Press
papers and the two other papers there that are outside of the Associated
Press.
Q. That is for the special correspondence! — A. Yes, sir; we pay 1
cent a word for every dispatch we receive, and we receive between eight
hundred and fifteen hundred words words a day; some days of course
it runs over fifteen hundred words, and I do not know exactly the aver-
age, but it is over one thousand words a day, and we pay 1 cent a word
for each dispatch.
Q. Without reference to wliero it comes fromt — A. No; we pay 1
cent a word in the State of Michigan and fix»ni Chicago^ from'W^^^-
I
I
» ■
284 TESTIMONT OF LLOTD BREZEE.
ington we pay IJ cents, and the same from New York and Boston. The
contract reads that we shall pay one half of the day commercial rate,
whatever that may be. The day commercial rate from Washington is
3 cents a word, I belieye, and one half of that is 1^ cents a word ; so
also from New York and Boston.
Q. Your news service costs you how much per week t — A. From $150
to $170 a week: the tolls to the Western Union Company average about
$160 a week. In order to get this we were obliged to sign a contract
with the Western Union Company to do all our business over their lines
wherever they had lines in operation, not only our news dispatches, but-
all telegraphic matter whatever, connected with the business office, com-
mercial or otherwise. They say to us that we enjoy the same rights
that the Associated Press does ; that their contract is precisely the same
as that of the Free Press and Post and Tribune. It is impossible for us
to get into the Associated Press. The Post and Tribune, the Free Press,
two morning papers, publish the night reports. They control the after-
noon franchise of the Associated Press in Detroit, and we can neither
buy nor lease it. We have repeatedly made attempts to lease the right
to use this franchise. We do not care so much for the- news of the As-
sociated Press, but we want to get the same rates that all the uftemoou
associated papers get. It is true that the Free Press or the Post and
Tribune, or any of the afternoon Associated Press papers would pay for
those special dispatches the same rates that we do, but their special dis-
patches would be about one-fifteenth of the whole report, whereas our
dispatches are all special dispatches ; every line that comes to the Jour-
nal is a special dispatch, as they construe it. If we got, say, eleven thou-
sand words a day, that would be $110 ; if an Associated Press pax)er got
that many words their average would be about ten thousand words As-
sociated Press reports and about one thousand special. I have no
means of knowing what tolls the Associated Press pays, except that I
know that the assessment on the Associated Press papers in Detroit is
between $l<iO and $110. In Chicago I know it is $100 on each of the
morning Associated Press papers there. If that was true they would
probably pay about 7 cents per hundred words; in other words, about
$7 for ten thousand words, and $10 for one thousand words, making
$17 for what we pay $110 for.
Q. Mr. Green, president of the Western Union, stated that it was 6J
cents ; that is very near your estimate. — A. Yes, sir.
Q. And that is unavoidable in the existing condition of things? — A.
Yes, sir J that is unavoidable. Mr. Swineford has stated here, I believe,
that the Western Union charged him $25 for thirty -five hundred if they
sent it by the Associated Press, or $ 105 if they sent it by the United Press.
That would be a night report, and would make their special rates there
ciated Press would pay ; in other words, half a cent a word. If it was
just the same for special dispatches as anypther paper outside the Asso-
sent to a morning paper it would pay tlW^night rate of course, which
would be half a cent a word for that distance. It would amount to
$102. We cannot get into the Associated Press, and we cannot get the
employes of the associated press ]>apers to send us news, because the
Associated Press expressly prohibits any employ^ from sending news to
papers outside of that association. It seems to us that that sort of
thing could not exist if it were not that there were special concessions
on the part' of the telegraph company to that association.
By Mr. Hubbard :
Q. Can you get the market reports! — A. No, sir; for a time we got
our market news there \u tteXxoit '^Ivete they received the market dis-
TESTIMONY OP LLOYD BREZEE. 285
patches daily. But they shat us off from that. Finally we compro-
mised with the Western Union Telegraph company by paying our com-
mercial reporter to make a report for them every day, which takes about
three-quarters of an hour or an hour of his time every afternoon. We
take it right off the blackboard. It is free to everybody else except
the newspaper. Anybody can walk right into this bucket-shop — it is a
bucket shop, I believe — and take these reports, but we cannot do it.
They not only shut u^ out, but they told the man that if he did not
stop giving them to us they would shut him off firom the market reports.
By the Chairman :
Q. Who told him thatf — A. The manager of the Western Union
Telegraph Company at Detroit.
By Mr. Hubbard :
Q. They control the market news entirely, do they not t— A. Yes, sir.
By the Chairman :
Q. That has nething to do with the Associated Press f — ^A. No, sir.
Q. Did you offer to buy the market news of themf — A. We would
have bought it of them if we could not get it any other way ; we would
have been obliged to buy it of them; we are obliged to buy all this
news. They say, '• If you don't like this contract, you can get your
news from some other line." There is no other line there. We do not
complain of the service of the Western Union Telegraph Company there,
but we do complain of the rates that we are charged.
By Senator Jagkson:
Q. Tou complain of the discrimination f — A. Yes, sir.
By the Chairman :
Q. Has there ever been any price set upon the franchise for an even-
ing paper f — A. No, sir ; not there in Detroit; at least not that I know of.
Q. You do not know what it would cost you to buy the right! — A. I
do not think you could buy it for any amount of money. A new com-
pany, the Michigan Postal Telegraph Company, is erecting lines, and has
already strung its wires, I believe, between Detroit and Toledo, to con-
nect with the Baltimore and Ohio telegraph wires. If we were to order
a car-load of paper or transact any other commercial business over that
line, the manager of the Western Union told me that the company would
abrogate their contract with us. That would compel us to pay between
$300 and $400, commercial rates, for, say, eleven thousand words, which
we now pay $110 for. In fact they can abrogate the contract at any
time by giving us sixty days' notice.
Q. Suppose they should abrogate it t — A. Then we could not publish
a daily newspaper ; we could not publish any news except at a great
loss.
Q. You would be excluded from all telegraphic news t — A. Certainly.
Q. Have you any evidence of an arrangement between the Western
Union Company and the Associated Press by which the telegraph com-
pany sustains the Press Association in this exclusivenessasto its news t
— A. Only in a general way. In my experience as a newspaper man I
have always known that the Associated Press dispatches take prece-
dence, I believe, over everything else, even over United Press dis-
patches. I have been so informed by agents of the United Press.
Q. How many papers in Detroit are connected with the Associated
Press t — A. Two, the Free Press and the Post and Tribune, both morn-
ing papers.
286 TESTIMONY OP LLOYD BREZEE.
Q. How many other papers are published there f — A. Two other pa-
pers, the Evening News, a United Press paper, and the Morning Times,
which, I believe, stands in the same relation we do, except that they
have some sort of a contract with the United Press ^ I am informed that
they are not members of the United Press Association. There was for-
merly an afternoon Associated Press paper, the evening edition of the
Tribune, which, after the consolidation of the Post and the Tribune, was
called the Evening Telegraph. It ran for about a year and then it was
suspended and I believe the franchise l^tpsed. Now there is no paper
paying anything for that franchise. Reports are going through daily
which could be taken off there with no expense. It wiU hurt no morn-
ing paper for it to be published in the Journal, and yet we cannot buy
the right, and neither can we get from the telegraph company the same
rates that we would pay if we did have the right to publish that after-
noon report ; we cannot get the same tolls.
By Mr. Hubbard !
Q. The morning papers cannot publish an afternoon edition t — ^A.
No, sir ; they jast simply shut us off; we cannot do anything. Neither
can we get into the United Press, for that matter.
Q. Why not f — A. Simply because there is another paper there that
controls the franchise. We are just obliged to pay about fifteen times
what any other newspaper would have to do to publish the same news,
not only in tolls, but we are obliged to appoint special correspondents,
each man of whom receives certain pay for his work every day.
By the Ghaibman :
Q. You have to pay how much for what those other papers get for
$17 1 — A. One hundred and ten dollars.
Q. There are two papers that take the news that pay $17 a piece t —
A. That is merely an estimate, Mr. Chairman.
Q. I understand yon ; there are but two papers that get the Asso-
ciated Press newst — A. Yes, sir; only two morning papers.
Q. So that the news sent there costs those two papers together $34 f —
A. Yes, sir ; if you estimate it at the rate of ten thousand or eleven
thousand words a day each.
Q. Would it cost tbe company any more to furnish the news which
you obtain for $110 than to furnish what those two papers receive f — A.
I base that estimate, Mr. Chairman, on the fact that all three of these
papers are afternoon papers. If the Free Press and the Post and Trib-
une receive ten thousand words Associated Press dispatches a day, pay-
ing at the rate of 3 cents a hundred for them, they would only pay
for their night dispatches one-half of that ($3.50) for that ten thousand
words at night rates. One thousand special words would cost them $5.
If we estimate that the Post and Tribune pays 7 cents a hundred
words, then it would pay $7 and $5^hich makes $12, because the Post
and Tribune specials and the Free Press specials are all night si>ecials,
which are only half a cent a word, whereas ours are a cent ; and, of
course, where ours are a cent and a half, theirs are three-fourths of a
cent ; they are just half our rate. If we were a morning paper, we
would pay $55 for the same report (night report) which they would get
for $12.
TESTIMONY
OF
WnilAX HBHBT SMITH, OEHEEAL XAHAOBE 07 THE ASSOCI-
ATED PEESS.
March 7, 1884.
William Henby Smith sworn and examined.
By the Ohaibman :
Question. What is your occupation! — Answer. Gtoneral Manager of
the Associated Press.
Q. That is the New York Associated Press and the Western Associ-
ated Press t — A. It includes the entire Associated Press of America.
Q. There are a large number of local organizations t — A. Yes ; but
they are all parts of the original association.
Q. And yon have contracts with all of the local associations to which
you furnish news t — A. Yes.
Q. Have yon copies of the contracts which have been called for by
this committee! — A. Yes. But I suggest, Mr. Ohairman, if you please,
that before I answer particular questions, I be permitted to traverse
some statements made before this committee that have been published.
It will detain you but twelve or fifteen minutes, and will clear the way
for the questions you will want to ask me. I suggest that as the simplest
method. I had not seen the statement of Mr. Hubbiu^ until I reached
this city last evening, nor had I had time to examine the statement of
another witness untU I arrived here. Hence, I made some notes hastily
4ast night of what I would like to say in reviewing what has gone be-
fore, and, with your permission, I will speak firom those notes for a few
moments.
The Ohaibman. You may proceed, Mr. Smith.
The Witness. I note that Mr. Hubbard, in his very interesting argu-
ment, uses this language : ^^ The Western Union Telegraph Company
and the Associated Press make a close corporation." And the chair-
man of the committee, in examing another witness, asked : << It," refer-
1
288 TESTIMONY OP WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
ring to the Associated Press, '^ is about as complete a monopoly now as
coald be established, is it notf "
On these two remarks I shall comment.
The Associated Press is a private business conducted for the benefit
of the papers concerned. It has no exclusive contracts, and enjoys no
privileges not freely open to any newspaper or association of newspapers.
Its system of collecting and distributing news is the outgrowth of ex-
perience and the known wants of those who are served. It is thorough
and satisfactory to those associated together, and should be to the
public, as the news of the world is placed in the hands of every one
who cares to read every day at a trifling cost. But for this co-operative
system this would be impossible. The Associated Press is not, there-
fore, as has been repeatedly asserted, a monopoly. Webster defines
the word " monopolizer'' to mean, first —
A person who engrosses a commodity by purchasing the whole of that article in
market, for the sake of selling at an advanced price ; or (2) one who has a license
or privilege granted by authority, for the sole baying or selling of any commodity.
The Associated Press is not a monopolizer in either of these senses.
It does not own the sources of news, and it has never received a special
privilege from any authority. It is evident that the use of the word
^^ monopoly" is due to misinformation.
Many people suppose that because the Associated Press uses the
wires of the telegraph company freely therefore there is a mutuality
of interests. A merchant who conducts his business largely by tele-
graphic correspondence bears precisely the same relation as the press
to the telegraph company. The latter is a common carrier, and in each
case the business conducted over the wires by both merchant and press,
is strictly private.
I note that Senator Wilson asked the following question, to which he
received an afi^rmati ve response :
Q. If the news were free to aU it would simply be a question of competition be-
tween news associations, would it not f
There is a confusion of ideas here, which is due to a misapprehension
of the character of newspaper work. I beg the Senator's pardon, but
he is not singular in this. The same misapprehension generally prevails,
and it shall not be my fault if a clearer view does not obtain hereafter.
I remark, then, that news is free to all. Are not the transactions of
C/ongress to-day open and iree to all the world t
Senator Wilson. I think, Mr. Smith, without desiring to interrupt
you, that you have cut out the whole connection with the context.
The Witness. I will quote the Senator more fully further on.
But while the sources of news are free, the skill and ability in giving
it form, the agencies employed in its distribution, and the capital that
makes all available, come under the head of private enterprise and pri-
vate property. There is no power to make these free without the con-
sent of those who own and control them.
Thetestimony on this subject, as well as the questions asked, imply
that the Associated Pi ess has been derelict in its duty, and that ithar
been an instrument of oppression. It is to the interest of competitors
to convey this impression, but I do not understand, and certainly do
not believe, that Senators entertain any such opinion. Before I have
concluded I shall hope to create a very different impression.
Senator Jackson aaked «» m\si<^^^ \k<^ f<\\Iowing (question :
Q. From your owii coTiBi^exaXioTi ol\Xi^tsQ\i'^^^X»^'^\v^N&^Na^\scv^^x'Csi^^
would suggest t
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENBT SMITH. 28d
To which this answer was made :
A. I think that the telegraph oompames should give a rate aimilar to the rate ^iven
by the Britinh GovemmeDt ; that is, that they should charge so mach for seryiDg a
place, and if there is more than one paper there that they should serve the additional
papers ; and that the rate should be ffiven whether three points were served or ten ;
that it should be so much, and that tne rates should be high enough to pay them for
doing the work.
In shorty the question is asked, why should not the Associated Press
serve all papers at the same price t To the credit of the wealthy mem-
bers of the Associated Press be it said, they have volantarily taken
upon themselves the largest payments. Thus, take what is called the
Western Press report, which is delivered to fourteen of the principal cities
lying between the Alleghanies and the plains of Kansas. The service
is the same to all, yet, except the cities of Cincinnati, Saint Louis, and
Chicago, no two cities pay the same. Their assessments are in propor-
tion to their population and ability to pay. The same rule applies to
cities taking condensed reports. In a number of these places the money
paid by the papers does not equal the cost of delivering the report, and
nothing is received toward paying the cost of the original collection,
handling, and editing of the news ; under no other system ^ould this
be possible. The Government charges the same rate of postage to rich
and poor alike. The Associated Press discriminates in favor of the poor.
To make this clearer I will refer to the question of rates. The wit-
ness remarks :
As I understand it they have a rate from the Western Union Telegraph Company
[**they " referring to the Associated Press] which makes the rate to each individnal
paper 6^ cents for each hundred words, on an average. I do not know who devised
this contract. I assume that it was devised by the Associated Press, as I know that
it has always been the idea in the Associated Egress office, whei'e I was employed lor
many years, that if they could get up some sort of contract that would apply to dis-
tance, and base it on the ready-made business that they have, it would be a schf nio
which would bar out everyb^hr else. For instance, if the Associated Press, having
clients from New Orleans to Washington, get a rate at Richmond of an eignth of a
cent a word that enables the Associated Press to serve Richmond for |25 or $30 a
week.
The rate to Bichmond is $64.50, which is very different from the state-
ment made. Nor is there any contract for 6^ cents per hundred words,
as you will see further on. Another reference :
We cannot send 1,000 words in the day and 2,000 at night and live under it. Now,
for illustration, the Associated Press has seven newspapers in Chicago and I have one.
The Western Union charges nothing on account of the six additional papers. They
serve the place. It costs me as much to serve Chicago as it does them.
Which is not true. One other reference. This question is asked :
Q. That is done, I supx>ose, at an increase of expense T
That is, the service to the Detroit Times. The answer is :
A. Oh, yes. News comes very high to those papers in Detroit. The Evening News
receives very little, but its telegrams cost it $60 per week^ I think itfl pr^rietor told
me ; and the service to the Detroit Times must oe double m cost to that of the Detroit
Free Press, which is served by the Associated Press.
I saw last evening a manuscript report of some testimony given before
this committee yesterday on that point, which I will also read, with your
permission. This question is asked :
Q. Have you any evidence of an arrangement between the Western Unioii ajsd the
Associated Press by which the telegraph company sustains the Press Association in
this exclusiveness of its news f
A. Well, only in a general way. In my experience ti« ^ ii«^^^V^T imm^'V>b»:s^
always known that tbe Associated Press dispatches, 1 \i«^\c^^, \»«3fcft ^tfeR«A«siv^few«t
everything else, and precedence over the Ijnited Ptow d\s^«XOawk* Wiv^^ v5;S^ ^*^
inforwed by agents of the United Press.
S. Rop. 577, pt. 2 19
290 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
T believe the represcDtative of the United Press, the other day, stated
the very opposite of that. Another question is asked :
Q. Yon have Htatcd that those papers pay $17, 1 tliink it. was, for what you have to
pay how much T
A. Olio hnnOred and ten dollars.
Mr. Chairman, there is no such rate as here mentioned. You have
been furnished with a copy of the contract between the Western Union
Telegraph Company and the Associated Press. That contract shows
you that there is no rate less than $2.50 per 100 words, except in the
new arid sparsely settled districts of Texas and Colorado. In other
sections the Associated Press has to account to the telegraph company
•at the rates mentioned, but it does not always collect from the napers
receiving report as much as it pays to the telegraph company ror the
service. This is true in several points of the south, of Butte and Helena,
Mont., Ogden, Utah, and other places. There is a different class of
service, which you will find referred to in the contract, for which 80 per
cent, of the receipts go to the telegraph company and 20 per cent, to the
Associated Press. This is an expensive service to the telegraph com-
pany and the compensation is small. The comi)en8atiou to the Asso-
ciated Press is trifling, and is intended only to cover the cost of tolls on
incoming local news, and not pay anything towards the original cost of
report.
As already stated, while the rates paid to the telegraph company are
uniform, the charges by the Associated Press are adjusted on the' con-
ditions of ability to pay and surrounding circumstances. Thus, while
in New York a morning paper maj^ pay from $300 to $800 per week,
in Chicago from $100 to $200, and in Milwaukee $100, in other cities,
younger in yeai-s, the charge is much less. I am informed that the very
absunl statement was made to you yesterday' that the Free Press and
Post and Tribune, of Detroit, paid each only about $17; whereas for
years they have paid jointly $218. It would be to the interest of these
papers to prevent the delivery of reports to the interior cities of Mich-
igan, >et, to their credit be it said, they have cheerfully acquiesced in
the policy of the management of the Associated Press, which has been,
and is, to give news reports to all cities large enough to support a
newspaper. This has usually been done on petition of citizens. Thus
the cities of Grand Bapids, East Saginaw, Bay City, and other points
in Michigan have been supplied with news reports for the payment of
a mere bagatelle. This has been d<'iie to aid in the building up of those
cities. The same is true of Wisconsin and Minnesota, and other new
States. The cost to the Oshkosh paper is $17 a week; to the La Crosse
Chronicle, $26 ; to the Winona Kepublican, $28. To make the rate uni-
form, as has been suggested, would result in destroying nearly one-half
of the newspapers of the United States. I am sure Senators would not
regard such legislation in the nature of encouraging the press.
The co-operative system which gives to the Little Rock Gfazette, the
Vicksburg Herald, the Fort Wayne Gazette, the Grand Rapids Demo-
crat, and other papers of the second class, through the Associated Press,
a representative at the capital and in every city in the world is the
only system by which a large portion of the American press could live
as daily newspapers. These supply to the people of the different com-
munities twice each day the cream of the news as fresh as it is supplied
to the citizens of the great cities. Without such sn agency the papers
could not afford to pay the cost of correspondence, even if the Goveru*
4Bettt carried tVi^ u^nn^ t^v^^^ ^^ over the wires.
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. 291
The Associated Press, iu addition to this work of sui)plying news,
supplies rommunities, through the dailies and weeklies, with the market
reports, with all of the coniniercial news which is of interest to every
man engaged in business of any kind and of every description. Not a
dollar does the country weekly pay for its news. It is all furnished by
the Associated Press, and thev take it freelv and without cost from the
cxdnmus of Associated Press newspapers.
Let me read again the answer to Senator Jackson's question :
A. I think that the telegraph companies should give a rate similar to^ the rate |^y en
by the British Government ; that is, that they should charse so much for serving a
piacej and if there is more than one paper there that they should serve the additional
papt'rs; and that the rate should be given whether three points were served or ten ;
that it should be so much, and that the rates should be high enough to pay thepi for
doing the work.
The Chairman. You are reading from the testimony of Mr. Phillips!
The Witness. Yes. How is it possible for a common carrier to dis-
criminate as suggested t
The rate is on the service done. If the rate is $2.50 a hundred words,
for a service of 16,000 words per day, and the owners choose to permit
the use to a half dozen papers, that is a matter that does not concern
the telegraph company'. If an individual newspaper published in the
same town asks the telegraph company to transmit for it also 16,000
words, the company must charge the same rate for a like service. Papers
that give out to others this news deprive themselves of the benefit of
exclusiveuess. There is not a paper in any large city where several
papers are published, receiving Associated Press reports, that would
not pay very cheerfully the assessment that is made on all the news-
papers there. The principle of exclusiveuess is very valuable. But
that is not recognized by the Associated Press, so far as the city Is con-
cerned. The same principle applies to all other kinds of business. A
railroad is a common carrier for the transportation of merchandise, &c.
It charges a certain rate for the transportation of a carload of wheat,
whether that carload of wheat belongs to an individual or to an associ-
ation of individuals. There can be no discrimination in rates where the
service is the same. The matter of association, or the division that
comes firom association, belongs to the individuals themselves and to
nobody else.
I note further the following questions and answers :
By Senator Wiubon :
Q. Suppose there should be a regulation by act of Congress to the effect that all
news transmitted for any association by a telegraph company should be fnmiiked at
the same rates to all papers at the different points reached. What effect, in jour
Judgment, would that have on your cause of complaint T— A. I think it would give
everybody a chance to live and do business. .
Q. What would be your Judgment concerning a measure of that kind, basinff your
opinion upon your experience m connection with telegraphing and newst — ^A. ithink
the effect would be good. It would put evei^body on the same basis, and newspapers
then would be Just the same as the commercial patrons uf the telegraph companies
are now.
The Associated Pi*ess exercises the right eiyoyed by every other pri-
vate business in the land of choosing its own partners. It does not
interfere with the formation of other associations or with individual en-
terprises. The result of Government intervention, even if the Consti-
tution warranted such intervention, would be to increase the cost to the
weaker papers and to reduce the cost to the stronger, as I have already
shown.
292 TESTIMONY OP WILLIAM HENBT SMITH.
Before I proceed to reply to the question, let me bring into view a
collateral one :
At this point, Mr. Chairman, I desire to disclaim any purpose to
discuss the question of a postal telegraph. It is one on which good
citizens may iionestly differ. The Associated Press papers ai*e divided
in opinion on this subject.
This committee have caused to be printed the favorable opinions of
the New York Herald, the Evening Post, the Chicago Tribune, and
other prominent wealthy Ab^sociated Press papers. But with this I
have nothing to do.
The Chaibman. In what cases did we do that!
The WiTNtiss. It is in an appendix to, which is made a part of, the
statement of Mr. Hubbard before this committee.
The Chaibman. Quotes from those papers!
The Witness. Yes ; some forty-eight pages. It is the testimony of
the A8^oc^dted Press in favor oi' your scheme Of a postal telegraph.
There are others, and perba])S a greater number that might express a
different opinion.
You are asked by a complainant to inter]>ose the power of the Gov-
eniment to com]>el the telegraph company to discriminate against the
Associated Press and in favor of the United Press. Fortunately the
fundamental law, about which this complainant Ls in blissful ignorance,
prevents this and places all on an equal footing. But this request opens
up to view the danger to the liberty of the press if the handling of re-
ports were left to the officers and employes of a political party. The pas-
sions and interests of party coustitute a dangerous basis upon which
to rest the business of the newspaper press of the Republic. Any one
familar with tiie difficulties in the way of tracing delays, blunders, and
omissions in the handling of press busiuess will understand how futile
legal enactments would be to protect the press against partisan inter-
ference. The frequent expediting of reports to one, or the delay to a very
important piece of news at a critical hour by magnetic disturbances or
atmospheric influences to another, might prove fatal to an opponent
The success of newspapers depends in a measure upon time; in the
case of news, almost upon seconds of time.
Complaint is made because members of the Associated Press choose
their partners, and do not throw open the doors to every new-comer.
What private business is conducted on that principle t Does the dry-
goods merchant divide the orders of his commercial agents with his
neighbors? Does the broker supply competing brokers with his private
dispatches? And yet it has been gravely suggested here that this
principle be applied to the Associated Press, a business as distinctly
private as the others.
As to the principle of the admission of new members, I take the lib-
erty, with his permission, of referring to a remark made by the chairman
before the formal opening of this meeting of the committee, that papers
at Denverhad applied for and failed to get the news. I beg to say that
there are published in Denver today three morning papers and one
evening paper, recei\ing the Associated Press reports — a greater number
of papers in proportion to the population than are published in any other
city in the United States. That community is not suffering for the
want of newspapers ; the papers may be suffering for the want of patrons.
It is true that two applications have been made by outsiders, in the city
of Denver, for \^ft\)xe^^ \^^w\^\vk ^i^xlwii to those four papers, and
they have been xeivx^eA, «l\x(\. n^t^ \i\o^^\Vs , \v \^ w'^iW^^^sJCvs^ ^C the
TESTIMONY OF WITJ.IAM HENRY SMITH. 293
Afii^ociated Press to make wertk newspapers, bnt to make strong news-
papers. That is in tlie interest of the commanity.
1 retam now to the question of regulation. Whence does Congress
derive the power f One of the most distingnished constitutional lawyers
that ever appeared before the Supreme Court spoke as follows just
sixty years ago, and 1 reckon it is sound argument to-day. He said :
It i8 ouly nnder State laws that propertjr can be aoqaired by individiials. It is by
State laws that tbo private dealings and private business of the citizens mnst be resu-
iat«'d. Tbe law of contract, the law of descent, the law of conveyance can neitherbe
origiuated nor modified by Congress. It is by these laws that private rights in prop-
erty are created and secured.
Now, Mr. Chairman, the members and clients of the Associated Press
bave a valuable property, which has been acquired through years of
industry and the expenditure of many millions of dollars. Are yon
going to sweep it away f
The Associated Press was in existence twenty-five years before an op-
position news association was started. During that time it paid very
bigli rates for collecting and telegraphing news. There was ahard strug-
gle to make both ends meet. Papers died, and new capital came for-
ward to contest the ground. Millions were spent to supply the people
of the United States with the news of tbe world, at the earliest moment,
and at the least possible cost. Yon are now asked to discriminate
against this service in the interest of another. How will yon do itt
Will 30U command the Associated Press to share its business with the
new comer by giving copies of its reports to whoever may ask for them t
This would result in new combinations, bnt it would not change the
conditions. Will yon make a uniform rate to all points t This would
help the newspapers of the large cities who do not need assistance, and
kill more than half of the papers of the second class. However, one
good would result from this : It would take away from lawyers who
have failed at the bar, and preachers who have retired from the minis-
try, and politicians who have been repudiated by tbe people, the in-
spiration to become journalists, and thus society would be much bene-
fited.
But it is proposed to accomplish this through legislation regulating
the Western Cnion Telegraph Company. In the business or stairs of
that company the AssociatCKi Press has no interest. But we have con-
tracts, not very valuable {lerhaps; but they are valid contracts, and under
them we have entered into written obligations to other parties, which ob-
ligations we are legally bound to fulfill. Has Congress a right to pass a
law impairing the obligation of contracts.t Whence is the )K)wer de-
rived f Can Congivss do indirectly what it cannot do directly f Chief-
Justice Marshall says, in Osborn vs. The Bank of the United States, that
Congress cannot create a corporation to conduct a private business.
If Ccmgress may not create a private business can it regulate a private
business ? On this )>oint I must beg pardon of the legal gentlemen
pn'sont for thus trespassing upon their exclusive ground.
yote one other i)oint in the testimony before me relative to news serv-
ice in Englund. This question is asked by the chairman :
Q. Generally speaking, id Europe, under the system of Government control, are von
informed on the snlgt ct asto irhethertheDewsisfreeyasit isin England, and whether
alj perMins can take it at a uniform rate f — A. I have no direct information on that
point. All the knowledge I have is purely inferential. From what people tellme who
conieuvtT hero and attempt to do but)inet>s with opposition press associations, I Jud^e
that news is free there. When they are to)d that the Associated Press wiU not permit
such u thing here they are always surprised, and say they cannot conceiye how^ in a
fret! country, there should be such a monopoly as this^w^ieii \.\i«^^'^^^^^=^'^^%^^^^^^
the other aide.
294 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
The British press rate is 25 cents for 75 words dunug the day, and 25
cents for 100 words at night, to each place where but one paper is served,
and 4 cents for 75 words in the day-time, and 4 cents per 100 words at
night, for each additional paper served. But as to the English service
it should be borne in mind that Great Britain is a small country com-
pared with the United States. If the rate were made on the same basis
in America, it would be very much higher to the papers than the rate
charged by the Western Union Telegraph Company'.
The complainant before you was not informed as to the press service
in Great Britain, and the impression is left with the committee that
anybody's news reports may be had for the asking, and by paying the
Government a rate of 4 cents a hundred words. This, however, is not
the case. The news reports are the property of individuals, Jind are
sold or withheld at their option. There are no associations of news-
papers there. The papers of London act independently of each other.
The3' have leased wires and employ special correspondents just as the
papers do in this country. It is related that a London paper spent
£3,000 on one occasion for eastern war news. It was not possible for
any other paper to obtain this report by application to the Government.
Thus it will be seen that private rights, that the common law, is re-
spected yet in Old England.
By Mr. Gardiner G. Hubbard :
Q. Was that the New York Herald that had that news! — A. A Lon-
don morning paper.
Q. Did not the Herald do the same thing, purchase the Abyssinian
news at a high price f — A. They have done it.
Q. And were they not obliged to turn it over to their associates, who
did not pay a cent for it! — A. They did not turn it over to their asso*
ciates.
Q. Were they not obliged to do that? — A. The ru'e would require
them to, yes.
The Chairman. I am informed that you have copies of the contnicts
which we have called for. Suppose we have those presented first.
4 Witness presents papers to the chairman.) [See appendix.]
^he Witness. Mr. Chairman, I wish to remark here, in presenting
those contracts, that the right of this committee to them is not recog-
nized by the Associated Press, but that they are -given through courtesy
and with a desire to furnish to the committee all the information within
the possession of the Associated Press.
By Senator Wilson:
Q. In that statement do you design to place any limitation upon the
use of the contracts on the part of the committee f
The Witness. You mean their publication !
Senator Wilson. Yes.
A. Yes. They are for the information of the members of the commit-
tee.
The Chairman. It may be important information for the Senate, but
they cannot be submitted to the Senate, of course, unless in printed
form.
Senator Wilson. That is what I wish to understand. In the prep-
aration of a report of this committee on this subject, do you wish to place
a limitation on the use which the committee shall make, in connection
with that report, oIl \\\e^^ evnxXraeXi^ -^McU you furnish ?
The Witness. 1 vTrfv^t toT^^svt^NVi^^^K^^ v^N\iv>x\5L\\\:^\^y^\v%^^^
wlio may be regarAeOi a§» Wi^ vto^xiviXw^ ^l>Qafe%^ ^\iNxaRX»..
TESTIMONY OK WILLIAM HKNKY SMITH, 295
Senator Wilson. I put the qaestion for the purpose of avoiding any
misunderstanding in the future.
Tbe Witness. Yes, I understand, Senator. I will communicate an
answer to tbe committee at some subsequent time.
Tbe Chairman. Can we make these contracts a parts of the report
of your testimony, allowing the stenographer to incorporate them in bis
notes f
The Witness. Not at present, please.
Senator Jackson. As 1 understand you they are submitted for ex-
amination by tbe committee.
The Witness. Yes ; it is done in order to correct misrepresentations
that have been made before this committee, and, as I said before, not
as recognizing any right on the i^art of tbe committee to demand them
of the owners.
Senator Wilson. Tbe misrepresentations, as you allege, have gone
into the record of the proceedings of the committee. Suppose we should
come A) tbe conclusion that you are correct in designating them as mis-
representations, how are we to sustain our conclusions in that regard
unless we are permitted to use the contracts which you present in refu-
tation of those misstatements f
The Witness. I see the force of the question, Senator, and 1 have
no doubt that our teople will say yes, to make them part of the record,
but it is due to them that I should first ask the question, because it has
not been considered before.
The Chairman. I should say to tbe committee that these are not the
original contracts ; they are copies. There is no evidence that they are
correct copies.
The Witness. Would a certificate signed by me be sufficient, Mr.
Chairman f
Senator Jackson. Are you tbe custodian of these contracts f
The Witness. Yes ; I am custodian of the papers.
Senator Jackson. 1 should say that a certificate by Mr. Smith, while
be is under oath, too, that these are correct copies would be sufficient^
as he is the custodian of them.
Tbe Witness. I can have the seal of a notary or any other officer at-
tached, if that will give emphasis to my statement, Mr. Chairman.
Senator Wilson. A certificate by Mr. Smith, I should suppose, would
be a sufficient authentication.
By the Chairman :
Q. The copy ot the contract which Mr. Green furnished us before re-
fers to a contract of January 11, 1867 ; this is a copy of the latter, as I
understand f — A. Yes.
Q. It also refers to a contract of March 1, 1868, of June 7, 1871, and
of September, 1878.
The Witness. I observe, Mr. Chairman, on looking over that con-
tract that you have, after coming here, that there is omitted ^rom the
papers that I handed to you this morning a supplemental contract of
1868. It, however, is of no special importance. It simply changed tbe
manner of making up the noon report. The noon report at that time
was sent from Buffalo, and that supplemental contract changed that
service to New York City. That is all there is of it.
Q. I will ask a question growing; out of the statement you made that
you have no exclusive contracts. You have a large number of local con-
tracts, or contracts with local associations. Are not those exclusive in
their character!
29G
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
The Witness. To the members of those associations!
The Chairman. To the particular associations.
A. They aiv ext-Jnsive, certainly.
Q. You ronld not give them to any other association within the same
territory, could yout— A. We certainly would not. It is our territory;
it is all one thing. These are parts of the general Associated Press;
they are simply ])arts of the same machinery. But for convenience they
have been divided into associations for local purposes. There are num-
bers of associated presses, and there are members having franchises in
the form of certificates. They may be said to be the controlling members
of the associations. Papers that have not such certificates have instead
these local organizations and the exclusive contracts to which I referred,
and the carrying power with the telegraph companies. This, however,
is a matter of interior government, and does not concern this committee,
nor does it relate to my statement.
By Senator Jackson :
Q. You simply undertake to serve your members t — A. That is it.
These are our own people, and instead of giving them certificates we
give them written guarantees, if you please, that they shall have pre-
cisely the same privileges as controlling members.
By the Chairman :
Q. No person wishing to start a paper within the territory of one of
these local associations can get the news rei)orts of the Associated Press
without the consent of the association of that locality ! — A. Not with-
out the consent, if you please, of the paper in the locality whence the
application comes. That is the universal rule.
Q. The consent of the paper, you say; 1 do not understand that —
A. I will illustrate, if you please : Take the city of Minneapolis, there
are two newspapers there receiving Associated Press reports. If there
were an ap])lication made for a new paper the question would be asked
the two papers of Minneapolis whether or not they were willing to have
this news given to other papers ; that is, whether or not a new member
should be admitted into the partnership. That point I discussed in
my preliminary remarks.
Q. Then, so far as the news that is furnished is concerned, it is re-
stricted at the demand of the i)arties who are now receiving it! — A. They
have a right to elect whether they will admit new partners or not, and
that is being done ; as, for instance, last year five new members were
adiliittod in different places, and only last week I gave an order for the
admission of a new paper at Lincoln, Kebr. No reasonable application
is ever- refused. There are a great many foolish people who want to
Htart newspapers. You can find them every two weeks in almost every
town or city in the land.
Q. lJ(yes the management of the Associated Press undertake in every
case to* decide for such people whether they need a newspaper or not f —
A. The management ot the Associated Press leaves that to the Asso-
ciated Press papers in each community, and to the citizens of commu-
nities iff the absence of established papers.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Does the community, aside from the Associated Press pajiers
within it, have anything to say in regard to the establishment of local
papers and their receipt of Associated Press news t— A. They have had
a great deal to say in the past.
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. 297
Q. Has that great deal that they have had to say been eflfective f —
A. Yes.
Q. Is that generally the case t — A. That is.
By the Chairman :
Q. When persons in a community desire to start a newspaper and
the pai>er8 of the local association decide that they will not give them
a franchise or sell it to them have they any power whatever to obtain
the news dispatches f
The Witness. The citizens t
The Chairman. The persons who desire to start the publication of a
newspaper and wish to get the Associated Press news.
The Witness. Why, most certainly not. They may do it by bur-
glary. ])erhaps, the same as they would take possession of a merchant's
establishment. ^
Q. Then will you explain how, in answer to Senator Wilson's ques-
tion, you can make it appear that persons not connected with the asso-
ciation can inake their influence felt so as to compel the company to
give them newsf — A. 1 will draw a line between the two classes of per-
sons 8i>oken of, the one by me, and the one by you. Ton are speaking
of an individual or two or three individuals in a community who may
desire to start a newspaper They have no right and they have no
power in the case. But if a community has generally, as a matter of
local interest, presented a strong case for an additional newspaper, I do
not recall a single instance where the voice of the community has not
been regarded.
Q. But it is optional with the association controlling the franchise t —
A. Why, undoubtedly, it is their property.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Any member in any city or town objecting to having the news
furnished to another paper can prevent it, can he notf — A. Yes.
Q. So that the veto upon a proposition of that kind belongs to each
member of the association f — A. Just as in any othei* partnership. There
is no difference between the Associated Press and other business in that
respect.
Q. Do you make any distinction between the business of collecting
and disseminating news calculated to affect the public interests or the
business of the country and that of any other private business f —
A. No.
Q. The news sent out, whether correct or otherwise, may have a
greater or less effect upon public affairs, may it notf — A. Yes.
Q. And upon the business of the country or of localities f — A* Yes.
Q. Can any other business in the country produce a like eff'ect f — A.
If a man in Chicago corners the wheat market, he affects the entire com-
mercial community. If Sprague, Warner & Co., of Chicago, buy up all
the canned goods in the country and increase the price 20 to 30 per
cent., that affects the entire commercial community.
Q. Do you think it desirable to maintain and perpetuate that element
in the business of the country f — A. No ; but that is not the case with
the Associated Press. WMieu newspapers can be bought for one cent in
almo>t every large city in the country, and for less than five cents in
nearly every city, there is no opportunity to injure the community. On
the contrary, the newspaper cannot succeed without representing public
sentiment. That sentiment is always regarded in the management of
the pre^s, and no newspaper can expect to succeed until that is tak^u.
into consideration.
298 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HEKRY SMITH.
Q. When I bay a newspaper, I buy what is published in itf— A. For
your own individual use t
Senator Wilson. Yes ; such use as I choose to make of it.
The Witness. No; I beg your pardon. You cannot immediately
take and issue that in another form, and ^ell it in competition with the
man of whom you purchased it. I mean that it is not right to do so.
That is a violation of property rights, as recognized by the common law.
Senator Wilson. That is a distinction concerning which we would
probably disagree ; but that is not very material to this inquiry. When
I buy a newspaper I own what there is in it.
The Witness. For your personal use, your information; that is what
you own it for.
Senator Wilson. When the publisher of that newjspaper is prepar-
ing the news for publication, he puts into it the details furnished by the
Associated Press, so far as that association is a factor in the premises.
The Witness. He may, or he may not, just as he chooses.
Senator Wilson. 1 am taking it for granted that the Associated Press
paper will publish the Associated Press news.
The Witness. Yes.
Senator Wilson. Suppose the Associated ^ress, for any reason
whatever, should have furnished incorrect news. It may do so, may it
nott
The Witness. It never has.
Senator Wilson. That is hardly an answer to my question, permit
me to suggest.
The Witness. W^e must judge the future by the past.
Senator Wilson. I am speaking now of possibilities, because they
surround a principle that is involved in this case. It is a possible thing,
whether probable or not, for the Associated Press to furnish false liews,
is it not f
The Witness. It is a possible thing for a man to commit an error, to
be misled.
Senator Wilson. That is hardly an answer to my question.
The Witness. Well, I beg your pardon, but the Associated Press —
and that is what gives it its value — labors to make authentic the news
it sends out.
Senator Wilson. Undoubtedly ; however, there have been many in-
stances in which the news has not been authentic.
The Witness. Very few instances, sir, within my recollecttion, and
1 have been in the newspaper business for twenty-seven years.
Senator Wilson. It is within the power of the Associated Press to
do what I suggested, undoubtedly.
The Witness. No, sir, it is not, and I will tell you why it is not.
Senator Wilson. I am not making any special [)oint as to the As-
sociated Press or any other as>ociation. I am dealing with what seems
to me a general principle. It seems to me that it is possible for the As-
sociated Press to mislead the public with regard to public afi'aii*s and
with reganl to business, by sending out that which is not conect as
authenticated news, upon which the public may act, upon which indi-
viduals may act. They supply that to the press of the country, from
which the great mass of the people derive their information, and on
which they act in their business affairs and in public affairs. Now, it
seems to me that an association or an individual enjraged in that kind
of business stands in a very different relation from the man who is con-
ducting a store, a groi^ery establishment, a manufactory, or a person
pursuing any other of the ordinary avocations of life; for the reason
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. 299
that public affairs and busiuess affairs may be so largely affected by
tbe action of the one cannot be so Affected by the action of the other.
It seems to me there is a clear distinction between that kind of business
and the ordinary private business of the people of the country.
The Witness. There is no distinction so far as property rights are
concerned; no distinction so far as the law is concerned.
By Senator Jackson :
Q. It is simply a distinction in the degree of confidence that the public
may have between the different modes of the reception of news, is itf —
A. Yes ; and I desire now to say why I said it would be impossible for
the Associated Press to systematically and intentionally mislead the
X)ublic: It is because the Associated Press is a part oi" the interests of
every community of the United States. Its membership embraces
papers of all parties and representing every opinion. Therefore, there
could not be a concert of action on the part of the members of the Associ-
ated Press which would lead to a systematic misrepresentation of evenU^
or of questions in which the public had a vital interest.
By Senator Wilson :
Q. Does it not occur to you that, because of the close connection be-
tween that association or any other similar association and the public
affairs of the country, it stands upon a different basis from that of the
ordinary business of the people f — A. In one sense I admit that, but not
in the sense of property, which was the point that I considered.
Q. In what sense would you regard it as occupying a different posi-
tion f — A. In the sense of being a public voice — a tribune of the people^
if you please.
Q. To affect any public affairs and afi'ect any business affairs t — ^A.
Yes.
Q. Therefore, is it not one of the governmental possibilities that a
business occupying such a position might be touched by the power of
regulation which could not be extended to the ordinary business of the
citizen f — A. Not unless you change the Constitution. The Constitution
guarantees the liberty of the press, and regulation is inconsistent with
the liberty of the press.
Senator Wilson. It is not inconsistent, however, to pass a law for
the freedom of the press and the enforcement of that principle of the
Constitution, is itt
The Witness. It requires no enforcement ; it belongs to the people.
It is not a matter that concerns Congress at all.
Senator Wilson. The Congress cannot abridge the freedom of the
press, but it seems to me that there might be some regulation enacted
by Congress which would make more effective the freedom of the press
than it would be without regulation.
The Witness. I do not think that Congress could do what public
sentiment now does. That controls the press and secures its freedom.
Senator Wilson. Then it would be entirely proper for Congress to
make or not to make any regulations which should touch the circulation
of the press of the country.
The Witness. Congress may provide facilities through the mails for
the distribution of newspapers.
Senator Wilson. That is somewhat a regulation, then, of the methods
and operations of the press f
The Witness. But not a regulation of the contents of a newspaper^
which the regulation of news would be. After you once get re^ilatioa^
SOO TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
■
Senator, you wfll then have censorship, and we will have Con ^ress es-
tablishing a censorship.
Senator Wilson. I do not think that follows as a necessity at all.
The Witness. It follows as a logical result.
Senator Wilson. No more than the exercise of any other power by
Congress implies a wrong exercise. Any power that the Government
possesess may be used rightly or otherwise, and the [lowers of individu-
als may be used rightly or otherwise ; but we are not to presume that
they will be wrongly used. The question is, can they in any event and
to an^' extent be used. If not used aright, of course the remedy is in
the judicial department of the Government. But I am not, with my
present impressions, prepared to admit that any business which so
largely afifects, or may affect public affairs, or the general business of
the people as the business we are talking about, stands upon the same
basis or in the same relation toward Government and the people that
the ordinary private business of our citizens occupies.
The Witness. Do you mean to say. Senator, that it does not, in
respect to the property rights involved i
Senator Wilson. The use of property is involved in the proposition
of property rights. You cannot separate the nght of property from
the use of property ; and yet because a man has an absolute and un-
questioned title in property he cannot use it improperly, and if he does
it is not only within the power, but it is the duty, of Government to
prevent that; and so the Government does in all the relations of life.
In regard to matters of property, a man may own beyond all question
the title to a piece of property, but because he has the absolute prop-
erty right in it — using that phrase in its ordinary acceptation — he has
no riglit to so use that property in which he has this absolute right as
to convert it into a nuisance.
The Witness. I beg your pardon, but it seems to me you are con-
founding the general laws of the National Government with the munici-
pal laws.
Senator Wilson. Not at all.
The Witness. It certainly is not the province of Congress or of the
General Government to interfere with those property rights which be-
long exclusively to States or municipalities.
Senator Wilson. The General Government has the sanie power within
its jurisdiction in all those regards that a State government has within
its jurisdiction in those several respects.
The Witness. Yes, but the Constitution sets forth and limits the
jurisdiction of the General Government. I can find no warrant in the
Constitution for drawing the conclusion you do from it.
Senator Wilson. We may not agree about that^ and doubtless we
would not, but I wish to suggt^st and to enforce the idea that is in my
mind — that there is a distinction between that kind of business which
affects public affairs and the general interest of the people and that
which merely affects the private affairs of the citizen.
By Senator Jackson :
Q. Your position is that it is the private business of certain private
■associations f — A. Yes.
Q. Do you undertake, in the management of that business, to inter-
fere with other papers who are not members of your association, in pro-
curing news from the same source and having it transmitted over the
flame wires I — A. Not at all.
Q. They are just as much at lifaSerty to make contracts for the trans-
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENBT SMITH. 301
mission of news as yoa are, are they T — A. Jast tlie same. It is a mat-
ter in which we have no voice.
Q. As to new members coming in in particular localities, yon simply
wish to consult the interests of your different associates at those places t —
A. Yes.
By the Chairman :
Q. Do you allow papers of your own assocations to obtain news
through other press associations f — A. There are certain rules govern-
ing the Associated Press which all papers are required to observe. If
any memTier violates those rules it is my duty to call the attention of
that member to such violation. Now, the value of the news to its own-
ers consists in the control of it, and in the s^eguards which may be
thrown around it. If members of the Associated Press were permitted
to have dealings with a rival association there would be no security for
the news of the Associated Press. Hence, there are rules adopted cal-
culated to prevent improper access to the news of the Associated
Press.
Q. You say "improper access;" my question was whether any of
these papers could obtain the news it wants of other rival associations
in part. I understand you to say substantially that your rule requires
that they should obtain their news entirely through your own associa-
tion f — A. And I gave the reason why.
Q. You stated in answer to a question that Senator Wilson pro-
pounded, that public sentiment controlled this business. There is noth-
ing else that controls it, is there f
The Witness. Do vou mean controlling the newspapers individu-
ally!
The Chaibman. No; controlling the matter that shall be sent through
the Associated Press f
The Witness. A. Oh, no.
Q. The news you should furnish t — A. Oh, no; I said nothing of the
kind. You are speaking of business coutrol.
The Chairman. I am speaking of the control of news matter that
goes to the country.
The Witness. Will the chairman allow me to explain and make that
clear to himi The power directing what shall be sent through the
Associated Press rests in certain officers elected by the associates^per-
sons in whom they have confidence. The managers respond to the
wishes and opinions of the associates. Now, newspapers, as I said, are
controlled by public sentiment ; that public sentiment reaches the Asso-
ciated Press through the associates, and in that way the Associated
Press responds to public sentiment.
The Ch airman. Supposesomememberof the Associated Press should
be very much dissatisfied with the character of the news that was sent,
what power would he have to change it, or to influence in any way the
character of the news which should he furnished by the Associated
Press f Be is not allowed to take his news from any other association;
he must either dissolve his connection with the Associated Press, as I
understand it, or else take what they choose to send him.
The Witness. If partners are unable to agree, they can separate.
Each member of the Associated Press has this power of presenting his
wishes to the board of management, in the election of which he has had
voice.
Q. I would like to ask you, as a matter of fact, how the news that is
furnished, we will say, from all points in the Bast^ alon^ t\y^ ^k^^sc^Sssw
302 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
coast, is bandleil. Where does it go from to the Western Associated
Press, for instance f
The Witness. The Atlantic seaboanl, is that the question t
The Chaibman. Yes.
A. The news from the Atlantic seaboard is supplied generally by
some one connected with the Associated Press newspapers in each local-
ity. That is sent to the city of New York. Copies of it are fhere sup-
plied to the New York City papers, and it is there relayed, or sucli jwr-
tions of it as are considered desirable are relayed, as we e^all it — retiled
^ou will understand better — for other points in the West and other sec-
tions.
Q. All the news that goes from the East to the Western Associated
Press goes through one office, does it notf— A. No.
Q. Where else! — A. Part of it goes from Washington.
Q. Does not most of the Washington news to the Western Associated
Press go through New York ! — A. It goes directly from WashingtoD.
Q. Does it all go directly from Washington! — A. All directly from
Washington.
Q. To the Western Associated Press f — A. Yes; less is sent West, of
course, on account of the greater scoi>e of the country, and because the
papers have less space to occupy, than is sent to New York.
Q. News that goes from here is handled by one i)erson, I suppose, is it
not f That is, one x)er8on decides what shall be sent to the Western
Associated Press t — A. Yes.
Q. He has absolute power to send anything he pleases t — A. Yes.
Q. Or to suppress anything he pleases f — A. Yes.
Q. The same is true with all that goes from the New York office f In
other words, there is what you might call, in that respect, a thorough
censorship of the news that is furnished to the country f — A. No ; not
in the sense that is usual of the word censorship.
The Chairman. I do not use it in any offensive sense.
The Witness. What is the meaning of the word censorship t
The Chairman. You can put your own construction on it.
The Witness. The popular construction is that, it is the exercise of
power for the suppression of something.
Q. It has the power of suppression, has it not t — A. It has the power
of suppression, it is true, but the sense in which it is accepted is offen-
sive.
Q. Does it not in fact suppress a great dealf — A. It does not, in the
sense in which yon ask the question. This is the method: It is edit-
ing, if you please, just as a communication, or an editorial, or a local
item is re-edited in every well managed newspaper office. This is re-
edited to smt the wants of those who desire to use the report, under
general rules. Therefore, if we send to New York 2,000 or 5,000 words
of any single matter from Washington, we may send West but 1,000
words. At the same time, however, it is substantially the same facts;
onlj' put into fewer words. There is no suppression of fact, simply a
«uppression of verbiage.
Q. The editor of the news, as you would call him, determines the
quality as well as the quantity of news, does he not t Does he not ex-
ercise complete control over the quality as well as the quantity t — A.
He has precisely the same power that an editor has.
Q. In determining what shall go into his paper! — A. Certainly.
Q. Therefore, the agent of the Associated Press really has the ijower
to iletermine what shall go into every newspaper that belongs to the
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. 303
uBsociaiioD, has he not ! — A. Under certain general rules and general
instructions, wbicb be must adhere to.
Q. Those instructions are given b}^ the Associated Press! — A. They
are given by the newspapers.
Q. As a matter of tact, does the Western Union Telegraph Company
exercise any influence at all with the Associated Press! — A. !Not a
particle. ISot as much as the chairman of this committee.
Q. Would the management of the Associated Press feel perfectly at
liberty to send out news every day that would be materially damaging to
the interests of the Western Union Telegraph Company ! — ^A. It sends
whatever is news with regard to the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany just the same as it would in regard to any other corporation or any
other business.
Q. Does it ever send anything that is injurious to the Western Union
Telegraph Company t — A. It has done so repeatedly and constantly for
years.
The Chairman. It is very difficult for those who read the papers to
discover it.
The Witness. Those who handle the news are the best witnesses of
what is done as a matter of fact, not those who have suspicio|^s.
The Chairman. We had the president of the Western Union Tele-
graph Company before us for several hours, and submitted some ques-
tions to him. He made some admissions bearing on the subject which
we have under investigation, which seemed tome to be important to the
country. I will read the account which the Western Associated Press
gave of his testimony :
Washington, D. C, Februarjf2^,
Dr. Norvin Green, preeident of the WcMteni Union Telegraph Company, appeared
thin afternoon before tbo subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Post-Offices and
Pdftt-Roadtt. He j^ave the committee a large amount of information in detail respect-
ing the number of offices, instruments, milesof wire of the company, its expenses, &,e.
He had met with some difficulty in securing liberty to submit the Associated Press con-
tract, but in view of the misrepresentation which has been made, the Associated Preea
had given its consent.
Which afterwards he refused to grant.
No terms were granted to the Aaeociated Press papers that were not open to any
other papers.
That is all that was sent to the West in regard to Dr. Green's te8-
timony. Is it a fair representation of Mr. Green's testimony t
The Witness. I did not hear his testimony. I dare say it is a very
trnthfnl representation of the point made by him.
Q. Woald not an ordinary reader of that dispatch infer that any
newspaper could obtain Associated Press news at the same rate that
any other paper was getting it ! — A. I think not.
The Chairman. He says :
No terms were granted to the Associated Press papers that were not open to any
other papers.
The Witness. That is, any other paper not an Associated Presa pa-
per, certainly. He does not mean to have you infer that news of the
Associated Pre«s can be obtained by any other paper. The distinction
between news reports should be preserved.
Q. Two or three days ago, in the House of Eepresentatives, there was
a speech made on the subject of a postal telegraph, which was regarded
by some persons as a very able si>eech. I am told it was the main feat-
ure of the session of the House that day. No mention whatever haa
2159 CONG-
304 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENBT SMITH.
been made of it b}' the Associated Press. I have flailed to find it in
any of the papers ^hich I have received. Do yon think, if that si»eeeh
had been made in the interest of the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany no notice ^ould have been taken of itt — A. It depends ufion the
character of the speech whether it is worth printing or not. Newspa-
pers exercise the right of judgment in that regard.
Q. Who determines whether matter is worth printing or not t — A.
The newspapers.
The Chaibhan. Oh, no.
The Witness. I beg your pardon.
The Chairman. The person who makes up the dispatches for the
newspapers.
The Witness. You are simply assuming that none was furnished be-
cause you do not find it in any paper you have received.
Q. Do you believe that any was furnished t — A. I do not know ; I can
tell from examination.
Q. Do you believe any was furnished t
The Witness. I beg your pardon ; I do not like to answer a question
twice when I have answered it in good faith.
The Cqaibman. I merely ask your opinion in regard to that.
The TviTNESS. I have no opinion about it until I examine the record.
I suppose I have seen the speech that the chairman refers to, and I
must say that a greater amount of misinformation I have never seen
put into the same space. No well-regulated newspaper would load
down it8 columns with matter lacking freshness and originality simply
because uttered by a man in public lite.
If there is anybody in Congress interested in having that published they
have the press and facilities for issuing it, but a newspaper is under
no obligation to print it if it is not of interest, if it is not original, if it
does not contain matter of public concernment. To attempt to coerce
a newspaper or its representative to give it publicity is exercising cen-
sorship, exercising power that is entirely unwarranted.
The Chairman. When the president of the Western Union Telegraph
Company appeared before this committee in the last days of January,
at his own request, to make a statement in regard to the affairs of the
Western Union Telegraph Company, newspapers in the most remote
portions of the countiy were furnished with a half-column report of. the
statement made by him before the committee at that time ; while a speech
on the same subject, but on the other side, made in the House of Eep-
resentatives, is not even noticed.
The Witness. If the person who made the speech in the House of
Bepresentatives had sent copies of his speech to the newspapers and
requested its publication, I dare say some papers would have published
it as a mere personal compliment The matter that you refer to was
doubtless supplied by the Western Union Telegraph Company to the
newspapers, and they published it on the same principle — as a matter
of personal compliment.
The Chairman. Is that a fact t The Associated Press seem to think
that it was fair and proper to give to the papers of the country a half
column of the report of Mr. Green's statement here, but to make no
notice whatever of the speech made in the House of Representatives.
The Witness. I beg your pardon, the Associated Press did not send
that report of Dr. Green's statement before this committee.
The Chairman. I have found it in five or six different papers pub-
lished in Colorado J papers that Dr. Green has never heard of.
The Witness. C^ttairnVs •, 1 iu&t explained how that was done.
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. . 305
The Chairman. Aud ^hey are all Associated Press papers.
The Witness. Certaiuly.
The Chairman. How did they obtain this report t
The Witness. 1 have just explained that it was supplied by Dr.
Green himself to the newspapers, and such of them as chose, published
it as a personal compliment ; and I said also that if the gentleman who
made the 8i)eech had taken the same pains, the papers would have done
precisely the same thing.
The Chairman. Do you mean to say that the report was not sent to
them by the Associated Press f
The Witness. I mean to say that the machinery of the Western
Union Telegraph Company extends all over the country, and a thou-
sand things occur that Dr. Green does not know anything about, and
yet an emanation from Dr. Green might be received and published.
The mere fact that he never heard the name of the newspaper would
not preclude the sending of a report of his speech to that newspaper.
The Chairman. Do 1 understand you to say that this report of Dr.
Greenes statement before this committee was not sent through the As-
sociated Press f
Tlie Witness. The Associated Press sent a small report of it. Mr.
McKee, our Washington agent, is present, and he can testify how much
he sent out.
Tlie Chairman. When I find a dozen papers published in Colorado
all liaving the same report, word for word, and published as part of
their press news, have I not the right to infer that it went through
the Associated Press f
The Witness. You might infer it.
The Chairman. You think it did not t
The Witness. I think it did not. I think it was supplied by the
W^estern Union Telegraph Company and is not charged up against the
Associated Press. 1 shall take good pains to see tlrat I do not pay the
bill. I am advised by Mr. McKee that Mr. Anderson's speech was
made at the close of a long day's session on the Naval appropriation
bill; that it was not the fenture of the day; and this very pertinent
comment is furnished, which I shall indorse, that this argument on the
postal telegraph bill was not fresh ; it had been forestalled by Senator
Bill's own speech, of which we sent from Washington 1,500 words.
The Chairman. I did not intend to allude to that, but as you have
refer ried to it, J will show what appeared in these same papers that
I have mentioned, as publishing a half column of Dr. Green's speech.
This is all I have found in regard to that speech in any of the Western
papers, except as a special dispatch :
*' Senator Hill spoke on tbe postal telegraph bill."
That was everything, I believe, that appeared in any Western paper,
except what was i)ald lor as special.
The Witness. That was probably recondensed somewhere.
The Chairman. Verj- much.
The Witness. But the implication that there was any desire to dis-
criminate between Dr. Green and Senator Hill I must repel. There was
no such i>urpose.
The Chairman. It has been forced upon my notice since this investi-
gation has commenceil,tliat whatever has been said before this commit-
tee favorable to the Western Union Telegraph Company has been
sent out in the form that would be of the most benefit to that company,
while whatever was brought out which would have a tendency to
S. Kep. 577, pt. 2 20
306 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
create a seDtiment in favor of a postal telegraph has either been sup-
pressed entirely or barely mentioned. But assuming that the associa-
tion is willing to send and does send news on all subjects, iind treats all
parties alike, it has it in its power to suppress anything it does not
want to send.
The Witness. That is traversing the same ground that we went over
8ome time ago.
The Chairman. That is the main point in the issue. It is not so
much a question of what it may do under a particular management. It
may be in the hands of men who manage it wisely and impartially, but
to-morrow it may be in the hands of persons who would abuse it.
The Witness. It would require a tremendous revolution that would
change five hundred newspapers in twenty-lour hours, or twenty -four
years.
The Chairman. It would only have to change the mind of one man,
^o far as I can see.
The Witness. I am reminded by Mr. McKee that we sent north,
cast, west, and south much more of Mr. Hubbard's argument than we
did of Dr. Green's.
The Chairman. It never reached the papers that I saw.
The Witness. It reached all of the papers. The question of publi-
cation rests with the papers themselves.
The Chairman. There are thirteen pages of the Congressional Record
giving the proceedings of the House on the day on which Mr. Anderson
made his S|»eech, and nearly seven of them were devoted to Mr. Ander-
son's speech.
The Witness. Mr. Chairman, was that a full House on that occasion ?
Was much ioterest manifested in the subject!
The Chairman. I do not know whether the House was full or not,
but I know there was interest manifested in the speech.
The Witness. It certainly is very extraordinary that the matter
escai>ed tbe notice of all the special correspondents here who represent
«very class of newspapers. They certainly did not regard the speech
Hs a matter of any consequence. I am very sorry to have been coerced
into making uni)ieasaut remarks about anybody in the city of Wash-
ington, but the responsibility must rest with the chairman.
The Chairman. And you are really of opinion that if a speech had
been made of the same character as Mr. Anderson's, but on tbe other
8ide of the question, the Associated Press would have treated it the same
way and taken no notice of it f
The Wi'j'NESS. They would undoubtexlly have treated it precisely in
the same way. The Associated Press has no interest in this matter, as
I stated before, and wlien I said that 1 was sincere.
Senator Jackson. You can work just as well under a governmental
system as under a private system, can you not!
The Witness. So far as the handling of the wires is concerned, yes;
it does not make any difference at all to us.
The Chairman. We had a witness before us yesterday who said that
they had been trying for some time to establish a paper at Marquette,
Mich., and that he made arrangements with the Western Union T« le-
graph Company to furnish news. Finally, before the engagement was
completed, he was informed by the agent of the Western Union Com-
pany that he would have to make some arrangement with the Asso-
ciated Press to fuxm^ii \\\^ w^^%.. T\\^^ Uad offered him a rate of 430 a
week with llie uudev^law^xw^ XXv^X. \^^ ^^s*' v^ VsziJ*.^ \cv^ \tfK^^ iv^m the
Associated Press •, \ie mtoiva^ Wi^m Xi*^ ^\^ \i^\» ^^\sX» HSa^ ^^»RF»a^^
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. 307
Press news, that he wanted to take the news from the United Press.
They then informed him that he could have it for $105 a week. His
dealings were entirely with the agent of the Western Union Telegraph
Company. Is this a correct statement!
The Witness. I know that it is not true, and I am very glad the
Senator has brought that up, because I read the extraordinary state-
ment last night before going to bed. That newspaper proprietor last
spring applied to me at (Chicago for the Associated Press news report^
and it w«is agreed that he should have it. He then went to the West-
ern Union Telegraph Company to make arrangements for telegraph
tolls. The telegraph company never undertook to sell him the news;
they had no right to do it. As I said, he first made his arrangement,
orattempte«l to make his arrangement wirh me. He did make it, ami
for a very low rate. He was very anxious to get it ; he wanted it ex-
clusively, and lie was obliged in every way possible. That arrangement
was for the delivery of three thousand five hundred words Associated
Press reports from Milwaukee, as a drop on a circuit, for the low price
<jf $30 a week.
Q. How could it be a drop! It was far beyond the point where any
other i)arty was served i — A. That does not make any ditt'erence; they
are calle<l drops all the same. If tbere are ten places served, there
would be only one transmission and nine drops.
Q, Was there any other pai>er served between Milwaukee and Mar-
quette ? — A. The first paper ^aking the rejmrt would pay the transmis-
sion rate, and the others would pay the drops ; this being the last paper^
would be counted a droj).
Q. Is there any other paper between Milwaukee and the place to
which this news was to be sentT — A. Oshkosh.
Q. Was it aj))) ying for the privilege of being served! — A. That is
one of the old i>oints; it has been served for years.
Q. In sending news from Milwaukee to Marquette, you call Mar-
quette a drop? — A. Certainly; because it is ])art of a circuit; part of a
news system; it is not an original service; it would only require one
additional oiierator, and that would be at Marquette. The same oi)er-
ator that would send to Oshkosh, Madison, and other points, would send
also to Marquette by the same manipulation of the instrument, and the
same wire would be used. Therefore it is a very cheap service. Subse-
quently, he thought he would like to get a special report. After hear-
ing that extraordinhry statement about the telegraph officials, 1 tele-
graphed to know whether or not they had refused to transmit the United
Press report, as was stated, and to'know just the character of the sen-
ice. I will take the privilege of reading the replies that have reached
me this morning. The first is from the general superintendent at
Chicago:
The Western Uniou Telegraph Ootnpany ofl'ered to drop the Western Asi^ooiateil
Press report from Milwaukee to the Minii'g Journal at Marquette at $^.0 a w«m k.
ThiH report is, as you are aware, being transmitted to nearly all the prominent point m
in the northwest territory, and this service would b« what is called a drop. Tho
Mining Journal afterwards asked for a separate and distinct report to Ik) transmittril
from Chicago to Marquette, under what is known as our "sjiecial" arrangement, and
a rate was given that paper of $105 per week. As you are aware, this is a very l«»w
special rate, being about one-half cent per word for the amount request etl, thirty-livo
hundred words per day. The regular Associated Press reports are served at low
rates, as the largo combination of newspapers receiving them enables the telegrapli
company to transmit them with much less expense than special or sep:«rate reporin^
There was no discrimination.
R. C. CLOWRV,
General SHpeiintmident.
308 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
I also received this from the superintendent of Press for the Western
Union, Mr. Somerrille, at New York :
Ah I uDderstand it, the rate Clowry offered Swineford was for ** drop '- of Associated
Pri'ss report which goes from Milwaukee. I was asked for a rat'O for transmission of
thirty-five hundred words per day, special report from Chicago, and fixed the rate at
ludf cent ])er word, although the regular special rate is three-quarters of a cent. The
expense of handling special asked for was estimated hy superintendent of that district
at $30 to |35 per week. The United Press report doesn't go oeyond Chicago in direction
of Marquette. I telegraphed Clowry only yesterday asking him if we could afford to
offer the paper lower rate. I did this at J?nillps*s request, who was in to see me.
SOMERVILLE.
I also received a second dispatch from him on the same sabject, as
follows :
You can see that service asked for at Marquette would require special wire from
Chicago to Marquette and two operators at cost of at least |15 per week at each place,
while I suppose the regular service could have gone there when it went to other places
at expense of $15 per operator at Marquette. We are charging the Chicago papers
three-fourths of cent per word on specials from Marquette, while we offered to carry
his at half cent, on account of a stipulated service. It's in order for the Chicago pa-
pers to appear hefore committee with complaint now.
SOMERVILLE.
That is the truth of the matter, Mr. Chairman.
The Chairman. It does not coincide with the testimony given by
the witnesses, whom 1 believe to be intelligent and x)erfectly credible.
The Witness. It is easy for the committee to summon these witnesses
and call for the records, and test the question whether the truth has
been stated here or not. I stated the fact that the associate of the wit-
ness who was on the stand yesterday applied to me early last year for
this news, and it was offered to him at a very low rate.
Q. As you have read this testimony, I will ask you whether you read
that given by Mr. Brezee, of the Detroit Evening Journal f — A. I re-
ferred to that; yes; and showed the falsity of it. Mr. Gruesel, of the
Detroit Free Press, is present, and he will confirm what I stated as to
the rate paid.
Q. You stated as to the rate which the other papers paid t — A. Yes.
The Chairman. Mr. Brezee did not make a statement as to what the
other papers paid.
The Witness. Shall I read the testimony that I have here !
The Chairman. I have his testimony before me.
The Witness. I made my statement on a transcript of short-hand
notes.
The Chairman. He says :
If we got 11,000 words a day, that would be $110. If an Associated Frees paper got
that many words, they would bo charged for about 10,000 words Associated Press re-
port and about 1,000 words special.
Then he goes on to show what that would cost.
The Witness. How does he know whit it would cost t
The Chairman. He claimed to know.
The Witness. He does not know, and I showed to you that he does
not know, and you have the contract before you to show that he does
not.
The Chairman. It has been stated several times before this com-
Imittee that the rates to most of the newspapers in the country, in the
larger places, amounted to 6J cents per hundred words. Mr. Green,
president of the Weatexii Uuiou Telegraph Company, made that state-
ment here.
The Witness. ThatAi^s^ gto^x^oxxxo^ %.\\VN\^\>^^si>;j^^\»>^^^>^'i^^
k
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENicY SMITH. 309
Mr. Somerville, of the Western Union, to show what an enormous
amount of business was done for the press. The misconception was due
to a want of information as to the method of handling the news. Fop
instance, in his statement he says that—
The Western Union Telegraph Company delivered 605,474,452 words of regular As-
sociated Prcbs matter, at an average mte to each paper served of 7^ cents per hun-
dred words, and delivered 55,726,47d words of special press matter to individual
newspapers, at an average rate of 1.31 cents per word.
That is the statement of Mr. Somerville, to which Mr. Green referred*
The amount actually transmitted for the Associated Press was not over
20,000,000 words, while this gives it as 605,474,452 words. That result
is reached by multiplying: the amount of the matter by all the papers
receiving it. That is absurd. If you send 16,000 words on a circuit,
it is only 16,000 words. If you multiply it by the number of papers on
the circuit that does not increase the number of words.
Senator Jackson. That multiplication is made to bring down the
average t
The Witness. That is what was done. The contract says that the
rate was $2.50 per hundred words.
The Chairman. This witness sta.ted facts as to his inability to get
any telegraphic news at less rat« than he is paying, which is several
times what it costs the other papers published in the same town.
The Witness. I say that that is not tnie, and I offer to prove it.
The Chairman. How does he obtain the news messages t
The Witness. He was to pay, according to his statement, $110 a
week, and I have just shown to you that the Free Press has paid $109
a week for years.
The Chairman. For the same number of words t
The Witness. For the same amount of news. I cannot tell you
about the number of words. I am telling you about the service as
stilted by him.
The Chairman. He received nothing but special dispatches t
The Witness. That may be.
The Chairman. Can he receive any others.
The Witness. He may or he may not get the United Press reports.
1 see that there is some reference to it in the testimony that I reviewed
to-day.
The Chairman. We have not had an opportunity to examine the con-
tracts, and would like to do so before closing your testimony. I should
like to have the members of the subcommittee present when the exami-
nation is completed. Are your engagements such that you can be here
on Monday next!
The Witness. No, I must return to-morrow. I will come again, and
if the chairman, after he has examined the contracts, thinks that he
wants further information I shall be very happy to place myself at his
service. And I should like if the committee would send a subpoena to
some of the gentlemen connected with the management, and who are
proprietors ot Associated Press newspapers, it would seem from this
extraordinary testimony that was obtained here yesterday, and to which
I have referred in severe terms, that there has been ati eliort ma<ie, on
the part of somebody who is interested outside, to convey the impres-
sion that there is an effort to be oppressive on the part of the Associated
Press. I have spoken to that point to-day. 1 ^\\o\3\^ \n^n^\^ ^*iv.^\^
Kichard Smith, of Cincinnati, who is one oIl XAi^ o\v^\\\^\ \sv^\s:^i«^\^^*
Dana, of the New York Sun, who is in t\li^ Aiwvway^v^wwxxX %'^^'^-^^'^'^^^a.
Rdd, and Mr. Dnvid Stoim of the ::!^ew Yovk X^^v>M\A\viv\ V\^^^^^^^^^^
310 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM llENIiY SMITH.
be summoned. These are gentlemen who have been connected with the
business always, and whose testimony may be valuable to the commit-
tee, perhaps quite as valuable as tbat of these outsiders. I would like
to ask tbe chairman one question ; whether or not the contract sub-
mitted by Dr. Green is made a part of the record of this committee.
The Chairman. Yes.
The Witness. Then I will withdraw my request of delay with re^rard
to the contracts which are referred to in that general contract, and take
the responsibility of saying to the committee that they are at liberty
to make the same use of them a« of the contract submitted by Dr. Greeu.
The Chairman. Can you meet the committee at half past 4 o'clock to-
day ?
The Witness. Certainly ; 1 will take pleasure in doing so.
Thereupon the committee took a recess from 2 o'clock to -^.30 p. m.^
after which the examination of the witness was resumed, as follows:
The Chairman. Will you state to the committee when the contract
between the Western Union Telegraph Company and the New York
Associated Press and Western Associated Press terminates.
The Witness. You mean that contract you received from Dr. Green t
The Chairman. Yes.
The Witness. It terminates in 1893, ten years hence.
The Chairman. This contract is made for ten years, but with the pro-
vision that either party may terminate it at the close of any year by
giving six months' notice f
The Witness. Yes.
The Chairman. The Western Union Telegraph Company, then, by
giving you six months* notice, can terminate this contract at the end of
any year !
The Witness. Yes, any time after last January, by giving six months'
notice.
The Chairman. I understand you to say that the Associate<l Press
do not defer at all to the wishes or opinion of the Western Union Tele-
graph Company in regard to any matter that may be sent over the wirest
The Witness. That is correct.
Q. How many papers receive their news through the Associated
Press ? — A. I think about five hundred.
Q. That is, that belong to the various local press associations which
f^t their news from the Associated Press ? — A. Yes. Mr. McKee says
he thinks there are nearer six hundred ; probably six hundred, then.
I have not counted them for several years.
Q. A question arose this morning in regard to the distribution of
telegraphic news in the State of Michigan. Do you know what papers
belong to the local association there ?
The Witness. In the State of Michigan!
The Chairman. Yes.
A. Y^es; 1 can name them all, I think.
Q. What is the title of their association t — A. They have but recently
formed an organization, and that is merely for their own local conven-
ience in the collection of local news. They have always been served
by the Associated 1 'ress directly, without reference to any association :
there is no contract with them as an association at all ; they are all served
individually under the general understanding. There is no written
contract with them m ^imVA^^ax^
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. 311
Q. Do you know howraany papers published in Michigan receive
Associated Press news ? — A. Ten, I believe, is the number.
Q. I take this State simply as an example. Can any other paper
published in the State of Michigan get your news without the consent
of those ten! — A. Certainly. We had agreed to furnish n report to
this paper at Marquette, and those other papers were not consulted in
regard to that.
Q. Can other papers get the news at the same rate that these ten
l)ay f — A. Certainly ; if they are on the same circuit, if the wires run so
that they can be served. The difficulty on the peninsula is, that the
wires that serve Saginaw, Bay City, and so forth, do not run to the pen-
insula, but that part of the State is reached by wires through Wiscon-
sin that were originally built up into that country by what was known
as the Northwestern Telegraph Company, which was bought by the
Western Union some two or three years ago.
Q. Can the Detroit Evening Journal get reports at the same rates as
the morning papers t
The WiTNKSS. That is in Detroit.
The Chairman. My question applied to the whole State.
The Witness. I think I said "You n^ean outside of Detroit!^ And
I Hssumed that you assented to that. I was speaking of cities outside
of Detroit. In the city of Detroit it is a different thing. The Evening
Journal cannot get news there without the consent of the Free Press
and the Post and Tribune; if they should object to taking in the Jour-
nsil as a partner, of course, that settles it.
Q. Outside of the city of Detroit, then, in the State of Michigan, any
newspaper can obtain your news at the same rate that is paid by the
Associated Press papers f — A. I do not mean to say that a newspaper
at East Saginaw, for instance, would be given dispatches without the
consent of those papers there; while there is no contract to that effect,
it is a matter of justice to those papers that have spent a large amount
of money in establishing themselves that they should l)e consulted.
There are three papers there in a small city, which are quite enough
to supply every want of the community; but if some newspaper man
were to come along and think that he was commissioned by the Almighty
to run a paper, he would probably be required to consult with the other
newspapers there ; that would be the same X)rinciple as applies to any
other business.
Q. The New York Associated Press is composed of seven papers! —
A. Seven papers in New York. The other papers in New York obtain
their reiK)rt8 by agreement of these seven papers. The seven papers
you are familiar with, I presume.
The Chairman. I know them. Suppose one man should get control
of the majority of stock in these seven papers, would he not have it in
his power to control the news that is furnished to all the other papers
publishe<l !
The Witness. If he was the owner of the organization, it would be
his property and he would have control.
Q. Suppose that should happen, and that man should desire for any
reason to affect the market, would he not have it in his i>ower to do
so f — A. Not through the Associated Press machinery ; no, sir.
Q. He owns and controls it ! — A. I beg your pardon ; he controls New
York City ; he does not control outside.
Q. Could he not influence the agent as to the news seift to the coun-
try t — A. No, sir.
Q. Something was said about the agreemeiit ot VVis^ \»;:^\^ nrWOsv nj^jX
\
312 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENEY SMITH.
their news through the Association not to publish any Dews obtained
through auy lival association. Has the Associated Press ever enforced
that rule! — ^A. Oh, yes.
Q. Have they ever warned newspapers that they must confine them-
Helves entirely to news furnished by the Associated Press f — A. They
Lave called the attention of newspapers to the rule.
Q. Have they ever given them notice that they would be cut oflf if
they did not comply with the rule t — A. No, sir.
Q. Never! — A. No, sir; not within my knowledge. It is supposed
to be sufficient to call the attention of an interested paper to the rule in
its own interest. Sometimes, you know, newspapers change proprietors,
and the new man may not understand his telegraphic interest — his own
proprietary intei'est. He may not even knew the value of his own prop-
erty in that regard, but, after he studies it, doubtless will come to the
conclusion that the rule is a very wise one.
The Chairman. The agent of the Associated Press would probably
know better than the proprietor of the newspaper.
The Witness. No, sir; that is an unfair rem^urk. That is determined
by a board of directors of the association, who are newspaper proprie-
tors, and who are appointed for the specific purpose of protecting the
interests of the association. It is not determined by any agent.
Q. Then the board is supposed to know better than tlie proprietor of
the paper himself! — A. The board is suiiposed to know what the history
of the association is and what the rules are much better than a person
who has not given any attention to it, who has not studied it.
Q. Suppose some newspaper {proprietor, notwithstanding that was
the opinion of the board, should come to the conclusion that he would
like to have the news from some other association, and he was advised,
as you suggest, that he could not do it, but should persist in doing it. —
A. If that proprietor prefers some other news he has a perfect liberty
to take it.
Q. Would he be allowed to take your news and that of another asso-
ciation also f — A. No, sir ; certainly not.
Q. Suppose he should persist, what would be done f — A. According
to the rule he ought to be put out. A case of that kind has never oc-
curred. There is hardly a comp<arison as to value between the authentic
news of the Associated Press with that which is prepared for the mere
entertaiument of the masses of the people. That lacks that quality of
authenticity that is essential to newspapers. The United Press, lo
which you refer, has frequently sent copies of its news to members of
the Associated Press without charge, desiring them, to publish for a
week and see how thej^ liked it. They have done so and been allowetl
to do so. They have even paid for it, and been allowed to pay for it.
But I have never seen one yet who thought the report was worth the
money.
Q. You have never heard of a case where they desisted from publish-
ing such matter because they knew that they could not remain in the
association unless they did desist? — A. The law is very clear. There
is hardly an intelligent gentleman engaged in the newspaper busine^^
in the Associated Press who would not see the utter folly of conduct-
ing business in that way, and desist from it voluntarily.
Q. W^hat objection have you to allowing the proprietor of a newspa-
per to publish news from other associations t — A. The objection to that
is that it brings about opportunities for the surreptitious obtainmeut of
news by persons not entitled to it, and the value of the news, of course,
is largely iuipaVt^OiAj^' \\i«i\» vs>^v<^\\.wv\\\^ * "^^^ \M>sla.uce^ supxio^e a pai»er
TESTIMONY OF WJLLIAM HLNRY SMITH. 313
iD Philadelphia gave such opportunity to a representative of the United
Press, who obtains the news from slips, or in any other way, from em-
ployes of that paper, and should telegraph that east to Boston, as has
been done, or west to Chicago, as has been done, that would be an in-
justice to other partners in the association, or, rather, to other asso-
ciates, which is the better term. It is hardly honest for one partner to
work an injury to another partner, simply because he happens to be in
another city.
The Chairman. I have assumed that the proprietor of a certain
newspaper received Associated Press news, paying theregular price for
it, and my question is, what objection is there to allowing him to buy
additional news Irom some other association ?
The Witness. I have stated the strongest objection. The strongest
objection is that it brings about opportunities for the stealing of Asso-
ciated Press news.
The Chairman. I do not see how it produces that result.
The Witness. If you were familiar with the working of it you would
see. Hence safeguards are thrown around, and one of them is this
rule I speak of, which is a simple matter of business, in which the own-
ers of the property are interested and which they have unanimously
adopted.
Q. Why would the proprietor of a newspaper who gets his news from
your association in the regular way be any more likely to do anything
in any way to your detriment if he received news also from another as-
sociation ! — A. I do not say that the proprietor would, but I said the
employes might.
Q. How would the employes have any opportunity which they would
not have in case they did not take the news from some other source? —
A. If you understood how the business is handled you would see how
an outside person having access constantly to the editorial rooms would
be able to get hold of this news. It is i)erl*ectly practicable, but it wo«dd
be understood, of course, only by professional men.
The Chairman. Assume now, that any newspaper proprietor is a
member of a press association and is entitled to the news from the As-
sociated Press, and receives it and pays the regular rates for it, he de-
sires to supplemen*^^ that by news from some other association ; you»
have said that it would be contrary to the rule to allow him to get his
news from a rival association, and I have asked you why you would
refuse to allow him that privilege.
The Witness. I have stated one reason, and another reason is this:
ifyon use your money to build up an opposition association you are
injuring your own property; that is a plain business proposition
The Chairman. The objection then is to the publication of two dif-
ferent rei)orrs in the same pai)erf
The Witness. No, sir; that is not the only way. If you assist to
build up an opposition paper in another city where there is an ass4)ciate,
to the injury of the associate, that is acting in bad faith, and there is
no business in the world that could be conducted on any such principle.
I am sure j^ou would not with any person with whom you might be as-
sociated.
The Chairman. You made a remark this morning that in certain
places where they might desire to start another paper and were unable
to get into the asso<;iation, and for that reason unable to obtain the A>-
sociated Press news, the Associated Press was right, because there were
sufficient papers published already for the needs of the place. I would
like to know how far the AssociatCvl Press exercises a d\sjw:ft,l\»\!w xv^x*^-
314 TESTIMONY OP WILLIAM HENBY SMITH.
gard to such matters, or proposes to determine for the people how many
papers oaght to be published in a certain place.
The Witness. That would require taking up each place in detail.
The general principle is enough.
The Chairman. You might say it was not for the interest of a certain
place that any more newspapers should be published.
The Witness. Not any more than they can sustain and pay their ex-
penses. I instanced Denver, which has four newspapers. If there is
any good ground for a fifth 1 do not know iL I doubt if the citizens
of Denver think there is. If they do, we have not heard of it. Very
likely some printer or some politician thinks there ought to be a news-
paper for a special purpose, but I doubt if the public interests demand
anything of the kind.
Q. You would say in such a case as that "We do not think you need
another paper, and therefore we won't give you the news." — A. Yesj I
think that would be a sound answer.
Q. It has been brought out sufficiently clearly that no newspaper in
u place where there is an Associated Press jiaper published can be
started with the privilege of obtaining news from the Associated Press,
without the consent of the Associated Press paper. — A. I think that is
a sound business proposition. There maybe exceptions; there have
been exceptions; there may be again; but as a general rule, that is a
lu-etty sound one in business.
Q. Can any rival press association exist or succeed without using the
Western Union Company's lines? — A. Why, yes. The United Press
has a very excellent service by the Baltimore and Ohio to a good many
points. The wires are good and the service is good. They have leased
a wire, ami there is no limit to the amount of news that they may get
over that wire.
Q. Sup])Ose the Baltimore and Ohio Company should consolidate with
the Western Union, where would the new organization then bet — A.
They would be just where they are now ; they would have the same fa-
cilities and the same rates. Their contract for wires would continue.
Q. It would be optional with the telegraph company whether it would
or not, would it not f — A. Not at all. The telegraph comi)any has never
taken that advantage. There have been two consolidations that you
know of, and the opposition press has always been taken care of. Now
that you refer to that I will mention a discrimination against the Asso-
ciated Press made within a few months by the Western Union Tele-
graph Company. That comj)any has leased a wire to a newspaper pub-
lished at Nashville, for $5,000 a year, which enables that newspa|)er to
get the United Press rejioit and any amount of s[)ecial news for the sum
of $5,000, the wire ininning from Louisville, where the Baltimore and
Ohio wires come, down to Nashville. Now we pay for the Nashville
American there $7,000. There is a discrimination of $2,000 against us.
Q. Who pays the $5,000! — A. It is paid by this new newspaper.
Q. Paid by a single paper! — A. By a single paper to the Western
Union Telegraph Company for the lease of a wire, while the paper that
has no leased wire, but is served by the Asso<;iated Press, pays $7,000.
That comes within the contract of the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany. That shows that the Western Union does not always help the
Associated Press.
Q. Do you think any other press association could now start business
and succeed by the use of the Western Union Company's lines!— A.
Yes; that proposition was made by a gentleman in New York within
two months^ and \ift cowswWjwi \s\^ ^ViwsxW.
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH 315
Q. I would like to know how it could l>e done. Ah an example, take
the city of Chicago ; how many papers are published there that get the
Associated Press news ! — ^A. Six papers.
Q. Could any person afford to publish a paper tliere and pay for its
news six times as much as each of those pa])ers pays f — A. Probably not.
Q. But a new press association, if they had one paper in Chicago,
would have to charge six times as much for the news as each of six
papers pays f — A. If they got the same service, certainly ; that would
be right. The. telegraph company should not discriminate.
Q. Does not that principle exclude practically any association from
going into the business on a sufUci^'ut scale to make it successful ! — A.
The same rule obtains there as in all other business ; it is a question of
capital. If six partners choose to divide a business among themselves
they have a right to do it ; of course they share the cost.
The Chairman. Assuming that that is right, how can any new asso-
ciation, relying upon the use of the Western Union wires and paying
the same rate as the Associated Press, make their business successful t
The Witness. By doing a distinct kind of business. This gentleman
felt certain that he could build up a very handsome business, and I have
no doubt of it.
Q. What particular kind of business was it t — A. Press business.
Q. To furnish the news generally f — A. Yes ; but to furnish it in a
different form, omitting somewhat of what is called the routine, which
the Associated Press finds it necessary to transmit in the interest of the
commercial communities. That is an extensive business.
Q. You mean to say by that that you furnish a great deal more new»
than is necessary lor some purposes, and that another association couid
do a better business by furnishing u great deal less t — A. A great deal
more than would be necessary to a different kind of paper. We have
established a certain business, and papers have been established by
means of the Associated Press furnishing important market reports and
other commercial news. The Associated Press pays a good deal of at-
tention to that class of news for papers in cities like Cincinnati and
Chicago.
Q. You give that class of news because people want it t — A. Cer-
tainly, in response to a public demand. There are other people who do
not care for that class of news and are ready to take a paper that con-
tains none of it. You will find that class in every targe city.
Q. Suppose some person should wish to establish a newspaper in
Chicago, and should want to supply his patrons with the same kind of
news that is furnished to the other six papers, is there any way in which
he can do itf — A. By having plenty of money he can do it.
Q. That is, be would have to pay six times as much a« each of the
other pai)ers I — A. He would have to pay the same rate precisely for
the same service as the other papers pay jointly. If he got 10,000 words
and the other papers got 10,000 words he would pay for his 10,000 pre-
cisely the same as the other papers would pay.
The Chairman. It would not be a very remunerative business to pub-
lish a new newspaper in Chicago which could not get its telegraphic
news from the Associated Press.
The Witness. Is there any great outcry for another paper in Chi-
cagof
The Chairman. I am not interested in that question ; I am not in-
quiring into that; I am inquiring only into the facilities for obtaining
telegraphic news.
31 G TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
The Witness. You are putting up a man of straw and asking me to
knock liim down.
The Chaikman. I am asking you about the facilities for obtaining
telegraphic news.
The Witness. I do not see that this is a matter that concerns the
public, or the representatives of the people; it is a matter that regu-
lates itself.
The Chairman. Practically it regulates itself by limiting all tele-
graphic news to one source.
The Witness. Not at all.
The Chairman. Is not that the practical result of it f
The Witness. We have seen how a paper was built up in Boston
successfully, without Associated Press news. I refer to the Boston
Globe. It must have had some capital and some brains, or it would not
have succeeded.
The Chairman. Did not its news cost a great deal more than the
other papers in Boston paid t
The Witness. It probably did for a time, but does not now. They
have a leased wire, and get everything at a very low rate. As far as
New York news is concerned, and news from Washington and other
l>lijces, they get it about as cheap as the Associated Press papers there.
They are served by the United Press, which furnishes a very good report
of Washington news.
Q. Mr. Phillips, manager of the United Press, stated before the com-
mittee that it would be impossible for his organization to exist without
the aid and use of the op])osition lines; he is substantially rigJit in that,
is he not I — A. No, sir; his papers were doing just a« well before when
they were served by the Western Union.
Q. Has he as many papers as the Associated Press t — A. Oh, no;
there are a good many very small papers served by that association
and there are a few large and substantial papers.
Q. The rates nnist be very much higher to those papers, are they
not f — A. I do not think the^^ pay any more. They are saved a very
large amount, so far as the collection of news is concerned ; there is
very little expense for that. You must recollect that the Associated
Press covers the face of the world. It pays very high rates.
APPENDIX.
COHTRACT BETWEEN THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COHPANT
AND THE ASSOCIATED PRESS.
Entered into December 22, 1882. ' ' '^ '^n.
[Copy famished by Norvin Green, PrcBidcnt of the Western Union Telegraph Company. See page 2
of his testimony. ]
This agreement, made and entered into tliis twenty-second day of December, 1882,
by and between the Western Union Telegraph Company, a corporation duly incorpo-
rated nnder the laws of the State of New York, party of the first part, hereinafter desig-
nated as the Telegraph Company, and Charles A. Dana, Whitelaw Reid, and James
Gordon Bennett, representing the New York Associated Press, and Richard Smith and
Walter N. Haldenian, repret-eutiug the Western Associated Press, parties of the sec-
ond part, hereinafter designated as the Press Associations, witnesseth :
That whereas the Press Associations are engaged in the business of collecting and
selling to newspapers, for publication, commercial news and other reports of a general
and miscellaneous character, and the Telegraph Company is engaged, among other
things, in the business of reporting, supplying and selling financial and commercial
news, market and other reports, and quotations of a miscellaneous character to indi-
viduals, clubs, Ijoards of trade, exchanges, and other organizations, for their own use
and the use of their members, but not for newspaper publication :
Now, therefore, the parties hereto have for their own mutual benefit and conven-
ience agreed upon this contract, which shall be obligatory upon the party of the first
part, the Western Union Teliegraph Company, its successors and assigns, and the party
of the second part, the New York Associated Press and the Western Associated Press,
jointly and severally represented by the parties aforesaid.
First. The Telegraph Company agrees to transmit over its lines, in the order in which
they and the other messsages delivered to said company may be received, all messages
which the Press Associations, their agents, and employes may file with the Telegraph
Company for transmission ; and if the Telegi-aph Company shall be unable, from any
cause, to send such messages over its own lines, then the Press Associations shall be at
liberty to send such messages over any other available line, so long as such inability
of the Telegraph Company exists.
Second. The Telegraph Company further agrees that it will not, during the x)eriod
of time hereinafter fixed for the duration of this contract, sell, give away, or bulletin
news, nor become pecuniarily interested or knowingly permit any of its employes to
be employed by, or in any way to be interested in, any association or arrangement,
formed for the purpose of competing, or which may compete, with the Press Associa-
tions in their arrangements for the reporting and sale of foreign and domestic news,
but nothing in this stipulation shall be construed to iuterfere with the collection and
sale of commercial and financial news by the gold and stock department of the Tele-
graph Company; or with the reporting of disasters or events of great public interest
from points where the Press Associations may have no reporter. Such reports, how-
ever, shall not be bulletined, but shall bo sold to the Press Associations or to some mem-
ber thereof. The Telegraph Company shall have the privilege of collecting and sell-
ing such sporting news, election news, and marine news, as it now collects, and which
the Press Associations do not gather, jmd which reports the Press Associations or mem-
bers thereof shall have the right to purchase of the Telegraph Company.
Third. The Telegraph Company further agrees that it will not permit its employes to
act as agents or representatives of any news association or other organization in com-
317
318 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
petition with the Pre«8 Associations, either for the collection of money or for any
other adniiuistrHtive business.
Fourth. The Press Associations, in consideration of the rates hereinafter (granted, for
themselves and all their customers, hereby agree to employ exclusively, during the
time fixed for the duration of this contract, the Telegraph Company to transmit to and
from all offices or stations between which the telegraph lines now or hereafter to be
owned or controlled by it may extend, all news reports and all telegraphic messages
which may relate to the news or business and affairs of the Press Associations, and
«nder no pretext whatever to divert therefrom such news reports and messages or the
matter therein contained, or permit the same to be so diverted, except in case of the
Telegraph Conrpauj 's inability to transmit the same.
Fitth. The Telegraph Company agi'ees to charge, and the Press Associations agree to
pay, during the continuance of this agreement, the following rates of toll on news
reports to be transmitted by the Telegraph Company for the Press Associations, to
wit*
First class. All matter filed between the hours of 6 a. m. and 6 p, m., local time,
having but one address, and directed by any agent of either of the associations rep-
resented by the parties of the second part, to any other one agent of said associations,
ahall be charged at two-thirds of the commercial day rate between such points. No
message shall be rated as containing less than ten (10) words.
Second class. All matter filed between the hours of 6 p. m and 6 a. m., local time,
having l»ut one address, and directed by any agent of either of the associations rep-
resented by the parties of the second part, to any other one agent of said associations,
shall bo charged at one-third of the commercial day rate between such points, the
minimum charges not to be less than one-half of one cent per word. No message shall
bo rated as containing leas than ten (10) words.
Third class. For all messages outward from New York or any distributing agency
of the Press Associations for the first 'iOO miles or less, on a circuit, one-half (^) of one
cent per word, between 6 a. ni. and 6 p. m., and one-quarter {}) of one cent per wonl
between 6 p. m. and G a. m., and for each drop on the circuit, in addition to the price
of transmission, one-eighth (i) of one cent per word ; and for any distance over :^
miles, one-sixteenth (-j^^) of one cent per word for each additional 100 miles or frac-
tion tbereot for the transmission, and one-eighth of a cent for each drop.
Each newspaper belonging to the Press Associationsor a customer of said press asso-
ciations shall have the right to send s]>ecials lor publication in one paper only be-
tween C) a. m. and 6 p. ni. at one-half (^),and between G p. m. and 6 a. m. at one-fourth
{i) of the Telegraph Company's day rates on commercial messages, provided that such
uewspa|)er shall fultill the conditions of this agreement by giving all its business to
the Telegraph Company ; and in case any paper shall not accept these conditions the
Telegraph Company shall have the right to charge such paper for specials as it
luay deem proper, nut exceeding rei^ular commercial rates. The Telegraph Company
iiudertakos to transmit all news reports and messages to the satisfaction of the press
associations; bur to further show its goo<l-will and desire to servo the newspaper
press, offers, for the benefit of the New York Associated Press, the following alterna-
tive proposition:
The Telegraph Company further agrees to lease for the use of the parties of the sec-
ond part, lor the sum of fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) per annum, to be paid in
equal monthly installments, a wire from Chicago to New York, with stations at Cin-
cinnati and Pittsburgh (that at Pittsburgh to be operated by the Telegraph Company),
the said wire to be used from five o'clock p. m. until ^' good-night " is receivi d for the
morning papers, under such general conditions as now govern the ase of the leased
wire from Washington to New York.
The Telegraph Company further agrees to furnish, during the sessions of the legisla-
ture, for the use of the parties of the secoud part iu the trausmissiou of their news
business only, a special telegraph wire between New York City and Albany, the par-
ties of the second part agreeing to pay to the Telegraph Company its regular press
rates for all matt-er transmitted over said wire, and the salaries of the operators en-
gaged in working the same. The parties of the second part agree to furnish correct
utatements of all matter sent over said wire, and the Telegraph Company shall have
access to said wire at all times.
Sixth. The Telegraph Company futher agreea that it will not offer to any associa-
tion, person, or organization gathering and selling news in competition with the Press
Associations, any more favorable rates than those hereinbefoi-e stipulateil in this
contract, nor transact business for such competitor under more favorable conditions
than are herein provided for said Press Associations; provided that nothing herein
contained shall prohibit the Western Union Telegraph Company from making special
rates to members of the Press Associations on dispatches to be nsed exclusively in
individual papers. The Telegraph Company also agrees Ihat in cai>e it shall servo
4kny other associations dning business in competition with the preas a8S««ciations or
members thereof, paitiea hereto, at rates lower than these herein provided, the Proes
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. 319
Associations sball be entitled to tbe eauie reduction ; and the Telegraph Company
will give to the Press Associations or their agents at points where such agents may
he located, lacilitieM equal to tbe facilities given other customers Af the Telegraph
Company for ascertaining any changes in its commercial tariff rates, or in the rates
given under any special contracts with other news associations.
S<-veuth. The Press Associations will during the continuance of this contract de-
liver to the Teleg!ai)li Company a copy of all such news reports and market quotations
as have heretofore been furnished to the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, or
which tbe Press Associations may be ))ossessed of in the city of New York, for tbo
Fame uses and purposes for which such news reports and quotations have bert^tolore
been furnisbir <1, for which the Telegraph C« mpany agrees to pay the Press Association h
the sum of twenty four tbousan<l dollars per annum, to be paid in monthly install-
ments of two thousand d< liars tjich, and the Telegraph Company hereby agrees to con-
tinue to receive and pay for such news reports and marker quotations on the terras
herein stii>uiated, the Press Associaticuis agreeing not to furnish any such commercial
news, reports, or market quotations, to any other party, parties, or association except
for newspaper ]>ublication. It is understood and agret-d that, should the cable rates
on such i.ews reports and n*arket quotations be reduced, tbe aforementioned charge to
the Telegraph Company of twenty-four thousand dollars per annum therefor shall be
pro])ortionately reduced.
Eighth. An<i tbe Telegraph Company further agrees that the sum charged each
l>aper'in the State of Texas, and eacu paper receiving associated press report in tb«
Sta'e of Ct»lorado and the Territory of New Mexico, for tbe month of November, lb82,
shall continue to be tbe rate for such tervice, and that for a like or less service at
other points in such States and Territories tbe division of the receipts shall be in tbe
proportion <»f four- tilths (*) for telegraph tolls and one-tiftb (i) for use of tbe news.
Ninth. And the Telegraph Com]>any further a«i:rees to transmit a news report from
Chicago, KansHs City, Omaha, or Denver to San Francisco for the use of the papers of
that city at present receiving news through the agencv of the Press Associations, and
for use by an agent or agents of the joint committee in supplying all other cities of
the States and Territories of the Pacific slope with news reports at tbe rates specitieil
in a schedule hereunto annexed and marked Exhibit A.
On all reports sold by the Telegraph Company with the consent of the Western
Associated Press at interior points, as at present, twenty per cent, of receipts shall be
paid to the said association.
Tenth. This contract shall continue in force for the term of ten (10) years from the
first (1st) day of January, 1883; provided, however, that after the expiration of the
tirst year either party hereto may terminate this agreement at the close of any suc-
ceeding year, after having given at least six (6) mouths' written notice of an inten-
tion so to do.
Eleventh. A violation by one party of the stipulations of this agreement shall not
be claimed or taken by the other party as a cause for the rescission thereof. The Tel-
egra)>h Company hereby reserves to itself the right to fulfill its obligations to tbe New
England^ New York State, Northwestern, Kansas Missouri, and Trans-Mississippi
Press Associations; the Call, Union, and Bulletin Companies, and Charles Do Young
Sl Co., of San Francisco, under existing contracts; and to modify, renews and extend
sach contracts; provided that no more favorable terms or conditions shall be given
by the Telegrapn Company to any Press Association, after the expiration of the Tele-
graph Compan>'s existing contracts, than are herein provided to be given by tbe Tele-
graph Company to tbe Press Associations, except with their consent, or unless a like
rate l>e given to the associations represented by the parties of the second part.
Twelfth. Nothing in the stipulations above sc^t forth shall be construed to alter or
amend the original and supplementary contracts entered into between the Western
Union Telegraph Company and the Western Associated Press, dated January II, I867»
March I, IHW, June 7, 1871, and September 21, 1H7H, resi»ectively, and now in force.
Thirteenth. No action at law shall l)e instituted by either party to recover damages
for any violation of this agreement; but the questions of such violation, and of tbe
dama^ics resulting therefrom, shall be submitted to the arbitrament of three arbitra-
tors, one to be chosen by eacu party, and the third l»y the two so chosen, and their
decision and award, or that of a majority of them, shall be fiual, and may be entered
and enforced as a ju(!gment of a couil having juris4liction of the parties and of the
subject-matter, wherever there is a statute law authorizing such entry and enforce-
ment of such award.
In consideration whereof tbe said Western Union Telegraph Company has caused
daplkates hereof to be sealed with its seal and to be E^igned by its proper (tfficers,
they being thereunto empowered by a resolution of said company, duly passed, antl
the joint committee a foresai<l, representing the New York Associated Press and the
Western Associated Press, they being thereunto empowered by resolutions of said
Press Associations, duly passed, have severally signed and sealed tbe name dnplicateni
1
!
320 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH.
and tbe said daplicatea are iDtercliangeably delivered at the city of New York on the
day and year first above written.
[seal.] * The Western Union Telegraph Company,
By JOHN VAN HORNE,
Vict-Rrendent,
A. R. Brewer,
SeertUnry,
The New York Assoclated Press,
By CIIA8. A. DANA.
WHITELAW REID,
Joint Commttee,
The Western Assoclated Press,
By RICHARD SMITH.
W. N. HALDEMAN,
Joint Committee^
Exhibit A.
Schedule of rates to be charged by the Western Union Telegraph Company noder
the foregoing agreement of December 22nd, 1882:
To San Francisco, for messages sent between 0 a. m. and 6 p. m. ontward from Chi-
cago, one and thirteen-sixteenths cents (1+J) per word ; from New York City two and
three-eigbthS' cents (2|) per word.
To San Francisco, for messages sent between 6 p. m. and G a. m. ontward from Chi-
cago, one and nine-sixteenths (l-i%) cents per word ; from New York City, two and one-
eijjhth (2i) cents per word.
For dropping said matter at points intermediate between San Francisco and Omaha,
Nebr., one-eighth (i) of one cent per word.
For messages outward from San Francisco to other points in the States and Terri-
tories of tbe Pacific coast, for the first three hnndred (300) miles or less, on a circuit,
one-half (i) of one cent per word between 6 a. m. and 6 p. m., and one-qnarter (i) of
one cent per word between 6 p. m. and 6 a. m., and for each drop on the circuit in
addition to the price of transmission, one-eighth (i) of one cent per word, and foraDV
distance over three hundred miles one-sixteenth (i^) of one cent per word for each
additional one hnndred miles or fraction thereof for the transmission, and one-eighth
(^) of one cent for each drop.
I have compared the foregoing contract with the original contract on lile in this
office, and certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copv.
[seal.] a. R. BREWER,
Secretary Western Union Telegraph Company,
CONTRACT BETWEEN THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COM-
PANT AND THE WESTERN ASSOCIATED PRESS.
Entered into January 11. 1867.
[Copy famished by Wm. Henry Smith, General Manager of tbe Associated Presa.]
Memorandum of agreement made this eleventh day of Januarj', A. D. eighteen hundred
and sixty-seven, between the Western Union Telegraph Company and the Western
Associated Press.
The Telegraph Company agree to transmit for said Associated Press, daily (except
Sundays), when its lines are in working order, a morning report of five hundred (5W))
words, and a noon report of three hundred (3(X)) words, both from the city of Buffalo,
and a night report of tliree thousand five hundred (:<,5<i0) words from New York to
the following places, viz: Pittsburg, Ciucinuati, Indianapolis. Louisville, St. Louis,
Chicago, Detroit, Toledo, Clevolaiid, and Milwaukee; also from Cle\-«lan<l fifteen
hundred (^l,5V)0')\s'Ot<\^<^\ivi\Vi^v^\s'A^^^''^'*'^^^'<^ re ports) to eachof the following places, viz:
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. 52 1
Wheeling, ZaDeaville, Colombiis, Dayton, Madi0OD,Ind., New Albany, and Sandusky^
Also reports of local news from one or more of the abore-namea Western cities^
amonnting in the aggregate to two thoasand 02,000) words, all of which, except what
is known as *' River News,'' to be transmitted to each of the class of Western cities
first named, and the river news to Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Louisville, and St. Louis
only.
The Western Associated Press agree to pay the treasurer of said Telegraph Company
for the above services sixty thousand dollars per year, in equal monthly installments-
of five thousand dollars each, from and after the first day of January, 1867.
If more than an agopregate of six thousand (6,000) words per day is transmitted^
averaged at the end of each month (excluding Sundays), the excess is to be paid for
at the same rate as above, and if the noon report from Buffalo exceeds three hundred
(30U) words per day, the excess is to be paid for at regular press rates.
And said Associated Press agrees that during the continuance of this agreement
they and their agents, and all parties fumisheid by them with news for publica-
'^ 1 tion, and the agents of such paities, shall employ the said Telegraph Company
S I exclusively to transmit to and from all places reached by its lines, all teleffraphio
^ messages relating to the news or newspapers business, and that they will not in
any way encourage or support any opposition or competing telegraph company.
I
And said Associated Press afcree that they and their asents and employ^, and aU
parties furnished by them with news for publication, ana their agents and employ^,
will not at any time sell or in any way oispose of, tor private use or otherwisei any
commercial news or market reports or quotations, or use the same in any manner ex-
cept for publication in their newspapers.
And the Telegraph Company agrees that it will not sell or be interested in selling
for private use witnin the territory of said Associated Press any news except strictly
commercial news or market reports and quotations, and agrees to confine its business
strictly to such reports and quotations within said territory.
And the Telegraph Company will not transmit news to or for any rival news associa-
tion on more favorable terms than above stated, and will not send said Associated
Press news report to any other place than above stated within the territory of said
Western Associated Press without their consent.
And said Associated Press agree that they will not at any time impose any restric-
tions on their members or on any other party to whom they furnish news for pubUca-
tion in reeard to special news reports, and that each ediall be at liberty to procure any
such special reports free from any control of said Associated Press.
* After the testimony of Mr. Smith bad been oonclnded before the committee he wms reqneeted to
fbmisb evidence of the abrogation of the paraicraph designated by him on the margin of the contract
of 1867 as haying been abrogated by the contracting panies, and he presented the following note in
response to said request :
KoTB BT Wm. Hjuibt SiOTH, Gkhkbal Makaokr of thb AsaociAraD Pans.
The above daase was abrogated in 1878 at a Joint meeting of the execntive committee of the Western
Associated Press and the prMident and general saperintendent of the Western Union Telegraph Com*
pany, in the city of Chicago. Present. Richard Smith, Horace White, and Wm. Henry Smitn. repr^
senting the A.ssociated Press; and William Orton and Oen. Anson Stager, representing the Western
Union Telegraph Company. The proposition was made by Mr. Orton, and accepted by Mr. Richard
Smith and Mr. white. Since the above testimony was taken I have received from one of the gentla-
men named the following telegram, which I beg leave to make a part of this note. It is as follows :
Wm. H. Smith: CracnwATi, Ohio, Mareh 17.
The ezclosive daose in contract of 18S7 never was enforced, and it iras sabseqoently abrogated by
mutual consent. The present contract leaves every member of the association nee to use any line be
chooses for special dispatches, but by giving all business to one line he can secure better rates. But
the same offer is open to all, whether members of the Associated Press or not The Baltimore and
Ohio offered lower rates than could be obtained from the Western Union, on condition of all the busi-
ness, and it would have been accepted by many, if not nearly all, if the Baltimore and Ohio lines
covered the territory. In point of fact, we lease a wire of the Baltimore and Ohio between Waahlng*
ton and Cincinnati The Western Associated Press have no relations to the Western Union Telegraph
Company that are exclnslTe or that do not rest on strictly business basis.
8. Rep. 577, pt. 2 ^21 «icaAia> smith.
822
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM HENBY SMITH.
TbU agreement to eontiiine in foree two years from the first day of Jaooary. 1867,
aad Uiereafter until tenmnated by aix montha' notice of either party to the other.
It it nndenlood Uiat a portioo of the Saturday night report will be transBiittediNi
Sunday nigbt to aecommodate morning papers.
WESTKRir Union Txleoraph Company,
By HIRAM 8IBLET, Admg PretidemL
THX WE8TEBH AiSeOCIATKD PbX86,
ByM. HALSTED,
0/ ike Board of Mrtetan amd Exmmtnt CemM<lee.
Bzecotad bj order of board of directors at CloTelMid this 24th day of January, A
D.1897.
H. N. WALKER,
PretidmU Wmtem A990ckiioi Frmt.
Suj^UmmUU emUrad wUh Wmtem Umiofn Telegraph Company, adopted at PUt$bmr§, 1971
It is agreed by and between the Western Union Teleeraph Compaoy and the Western
Associated Press that said Telegraph Company shall transmit the fall Western Asso-
ciated Press reports to Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee, and four hundred words
per day from Kentack^, Tennessee, and Arkansas (LonisYille, Ky., not embraced in this
agreement), to be delivered in Cincinnati, Ohio ; and in consideration of said serrioe,
the Western Associated Press shall pay to the said Telegraph Company the snis of
fifteen thousand dollars per annnm, in monthly instalments. It is nnderstood and
agreed that should there be at the close of any month any excess of the Rentac^,
Tennessee, and Arkansas rqiorts over a daily average of fonr hnndred words, las
Associated Press shall pay for snch excess at the rate provided for in the ctmtract to
whii^ this is supplemental.
And it is also agreed that so long as the New Orleans and Southern news shall bs
sent via Memphis and Louisville it shall be charged in lien of said service whidi has
heretofore been rendered via Kew York and Cleveland.
It is further understood and agreed that in case any of the daily papers of Kadi-
ville or Memphis which are members of the Western Associated Press shall fail to psy
their assessment for news^ and the other member or members in said city refose to
make good to the assooiation the deficit occasioned thereby, the said Telegraph Gon-
pany agrees to cancel this contract.
* The second supplemental contract simply increases the maximum of repMWt to V^W
words a day in place of 8,700, and provides that for excess over the 10,000 and not to
exceed 12,000 the rate shall be 2t| cents per word, and for all excess above 12,000 woids
2 cents per word. The average quantity of report is 16,000 words, and rate about 2iV
ce9ts per word — a little under 2^ cents on a very large service.
I lylatioin '
not ftuniflhed to the conmiitiee ; hat Mr. Saith
STATEMENT
OF
eSOBOB D. BOBBBTS, BBPBB8BVTIH0 THX POSTAL TBLBOBAPH
ABB OABLB OOBVABT.
March 19, 1884.
aBOBGB D. BOBEBTBy
represeDting the Postal Telegraph and Cable CompaDy, appeared be-
fore the committee in advocacy of the following bill, which he read and
presented to the committee:
B€ it muutUi hg ike Senate amd Hcuee of Repreeet^tattvee of the United Statee af AmeHea
in Catiffreee oeeembM:
SionON 1. That for the poTpose of seonriiig correspondenoe by telegraph at cheaper
rates, the Postmaster-Oeiieral is aathorized and directed to enter into a contract on
behalf of the United States with the Postal TeleCTaph and Cable Company, a corpo-
ration organized under the laws of the State of New York, npon the following condi-
tions:
Sec. 8. The said corporation shall stipulate therein to transmit by telegraph with
proper skill and diligence all messages which at any time after the making of the con-
iract may be delivered to it for that purpose by the Post-Offlce Department of the
United States between the cities of New York, Philadelphia^ Baltimore, Washington,
Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Cleveland. Toledo, Chicago, Peoria, npringlield, IHiiiois, and Saint
Louis, and not later than one year after the date of the contract between the saia
places above named and Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Columbus, Cincinnati,
and Indianapolis, and not later than two years from the date of the contract between
the above-named places and Louisville, Nashville, Memphis, New Orleans, Galveston,
Saint Paul, Minneapolis, Kansas City, and Omaha, and also all other cities upon the
lines of its wires between any of the above-named places at which a system of postal
delivery shall be established by the Government, and within five years from the date
of said contract between the above-named and all other places in the United States
(having a post-office delivery) which shall be designated with reasonable notice bv
the Postmaster-General, l^ing east of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, and south
of Omaha and Minneapolis, and not later than seven years from the date of the con-
tract between the places in the Atlantic division above designated^ and all the prin-
cipal cities of the Pacific coast and intermediate States and Territones having a postal
delivery; and the said corporation shall further stipulate that after the dates above
mentioned and until the expiration of the contract, it will keep its lines at all times,
323
324 STATEMENT OF GEORGE R. ROBERTS.
nnavoidable casualties excepted, in good repair, and provide therefor at its own ex-
pense competent operators, good instrainents, and all equipments necessary for effici-
ently performing tne postal service between all of the said designated places. The
services stipulated to be performed by the telegraph company in respect to each
message shall be its reception from the postal authorities, at the offices hereinafter
provided for, in any of the above designated and described places, and its transmis-
sion and delivery to the postal authorities of any other of -said places to which it may
be addressed, in proper form for delivery to the sender of such message. At or before
^e execution of the contract the said corporation shall file in the Post-Office Depart-
ment a bond in proper form, and ade<^oate in amount, to be approved by the Post-
master-General, conditioned for the faithful performance by it or all its stipulations
in the said contract.
Skc. 3. On behalf of the United States it shall be stipulated in the said contract
that at each of the places designated in the above section the Government shall furnish
without charge to the telegraph company a suitable room or rooms for the office, em-
ployes, instruments, batteries, and other appliances necessary for the transaction of
its bnsiness under said contract, and shall also provide the said company with the
necessary rights and facilities for connecting its lines with such postal telegraph
offices. It shall farther be stipulated that compensation to the telegraph company
for its services shall be made as follows : For each message of twenty words or less,
exclusive of the date, address, and signature, under said contract transmitted in the
ordinary course of business between any of the places in the United States lying east
of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers and south of Omaha and Minneapolis, twenty-
five cents, and ten cents for each additional ten words in excess of twenty words, and
for each message directed to be transmitted at night and delivered the following
morning fifteen cents if of twenty words or less, and tern cents for each additional ten
words or less in excess of twenty words, except that between the cities of New York,
Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, and such other points separated by short
distajces as may be from time to time agreed upon, the ordinary services shall be paid
for at the rate of fifteen cents for each message of twenty words or less, as aforesaid,
and ten cents for each t-en words or less in excess of twenty words, the payments to
be made monthly as hereinafter provided.
For all messages transmitted between any points in the Western or Pacific division,
as defined in section 2, the compensation shall be the same as for the Atlantic di-
vision ; but for all messages transmitted from any point in the Atlantic division to
any point in the Pacific division the compensation shall be fixed at fifty cents for each
message of twenty words or less and twenty cents for each additional len words or
less in excess of twenty words for ordinary services, and for night service at twenty-
five cents for each message of twenty words or less and t^n cents for each additional
ten words or less in excess of twenty words. Upon all the tariff rates above specified
there shall be a deduction of two cent«, or the local rate of postage if less than two
cents, on each message, as compensation to the Government tor delivery.
It shall further be stipulated that the contract shall remain in force for the period
of ten years frt>m its date, during which period the postal telegraph service between
the places designated in the contract shall be performed under its provisions.
Sec. 4. When the said contract is executed, and security ffiven as required by sec-
tion 2, the Postmaster- General shall from time to time establish postal telegraph of-
fices, and provide the necessary rooms and appliances for the telegraph company as
required by the terms of the contract, and do such other acts as shall become neces-
sary to the execution of its provisions on the part of the Government. He shall pro-
vide telegram stamps and stamped paper to be sold, as postage-stamps are now sold,
of denominations corresponding to the several tariff rates, as specified in section 3.
* Upon every telegram delivered by authority of the Government to the telegraph
company for transmission the proper stamp for prepayment at the said tariff rates
shall be affixed by the sender of the message, which stamp shall be in full prepay-
ment of all charges upon such telegrams including delivery at its destination, whether
transmitted wholly by telegraph to the place of address or partly by telegraph and
partly by mail. Every postmaster shall, on the second Monday of each month, for-
ward to the Postmaster-General a statement of the number of postid teleg^rams re-
ceived at and transmitted from his office during the next preceding month, and the
stamped value of each telegram tranHmitted, and the number and amount of such
telegram stamps sold at his office, and all money received for telegraphic service. The
Postmaster- General shall cause monthly accounts to be prepared for said company of
the amount of telegram-stamps sold and of all other snms received for the transmis-
sion of telegrams, and of the number of telegrams received by the Department and
their stamped valae, and after deducting two cents, or the local postage rate when
less than two cents, on each telegram transmitted, shall pay the remamder of such
receipts to said company as full compensation for its services under said contract.
Sec. 5. The said telegraph company shall receive all messages delivered to it prop-
erly stamped at any postal telegraph office, and transmit them by telegraph in the
STATEMENT OF GEORGE D. ROBERTS. 326
order in which they are received (excepting night messages to be delivered the fol-
lowing morning), to the poetal telegrapn office to which tliey are addressed or to the
postal telegraph office nearest or most convenient to the place where they are directed,
and shall inclose all snch messages in an envelope properly addressed and deliver
them* to the post office at the receiving postal telegraph office. The Postmaster-
General shall make regulations to facilitate the reception and ior warding by mail
of telegraphic messages s^nt from or directed to places at which no postal telegraph
office has been established.
Sec. 6. All persons shall have the right to correspond by tele^aph in the manner
herein prescribed, and all telegrams shall be privileged coinmunicarions in law to the
extent that letters are now. The originals of all telegrams shall be kept in the office
of deposit for fonr months, and at the end of that time, with all copies thereof, shall
be destroyed, unless snoh originals shall be called for by the sender, when it shall be
delivered to him. All provisions of law relating to the destrnction or defacement, or
to the receipt, transmission, or delivery of mailed letters, or to the custody, sale, can-
celing, or defacement of stamps, and forging or counterfeiting, or to the stealing, or to
the unlawful use of the same, shall apply to postal telegrams and to postal telegTam
stamps.
Sec. 7. The Postal Telegraph and Cable Company shall have the right to construct
telegraph lines on all postal routes to which the provisions of the contract afbresaid
shall be applicable, and all telegraph lines operated under the provisions of this act
are hereby established as ptost-routes. Any person who shall willfully obstroot, post-
pone, or delav the transmission or delivery, or unlawfully divulge or permit to be
read or seen the contents of any telegram, or any part thereof, or any copy or dupli-
cate thereof, or who shall ii^ure or destroy any of the property of the said company,
or interfere with the operation, repairs, or nse of any such line of telegraph, or any
I>art thereof, shall be deemed ffuHty of misdemeanor, and upon conviction in a dis-
trict or circuit court of the miited States for the district where snch offense shall
have been sommitted, or where such person shall reside, shall be liable to a fine not
exceeding one thousand dollars, or to an imprisonment not exceeding two years, and
shall also be liable for damages to the paxty ii^jured thereby. The Department of
Justice shall prosecute all persons offending against any of the provisions of this act
in the name of the United States.
OcDtlemen, we were indaced to present this bill from the fact that
yoa have already had several bills before the people, and also from the
fact that the agitation as to Gk>vernment interference in telegraphic
matters is more or less a menace to oar property and an injury to our
securities. We have carefully prepared this bill, and kept within the
limits of our capacity and our ability to carry out the contract if we
should make it
We believe that we have a better system than is in general use. We
have a different wire from any other company, a wire of very high con-
ductive qualities. W^e have a compound wire, part steel aud part cop-
per, the core of it being steel in order to give it tensile strength. By
using chemically pure cop|>er for the coating we get all the conducting
power of pure copper, which is about as 7 is to 1 in comparison with iron.
The resistance on our wire between Chicago and New York — I think
the line is over a thousand miles in length — is about 15 ohms. That
probably does not represent the resistance over an iron wire of much
over 100 miles. At least it gives us the advantage of using a long cir-
cuit instead of a short circuit. I believe Dr. Oreen, who apjieared be-
fore your committee, stated that it was impossible for the Western
Union or any company to give uniform rates beyond the limit of the
circuit, whatever that might be, and stated that the limit of their cir-
cuit was about 500 miles. We have not tested the limit of our circuit
yet, but we are prepared to say that it is not less than 1,500 to 2,000
miles. Therefore we are enabled to send a message 1,500 miles as
cheaply as any other company could send it 500 miles.
By having a wire of that character we are also enabled to use. instru-
ments that heretofore have not been in general use in telegraphy. AVe
are now working the sextuplex on one wire between Chicago and New
York. I think that has never been accomplished before in the history
326 STATEMENT OF GEORGE D. ROBEKTS.
of telegraphing for that distaDce without any relays of any character,
and we expect to increase that.
We also have a system by which we are enabled, when business re-
quires it, to send a thousand words or more a minute on one line on a
circuit of a thousand miles or more in length. At first we would have
to prepare the messages, of course, on cylinders to do that. But that
serves to show the capacity of our wires.
We are prepared to say that we have no limit as yet to our circuit,
but we are safe in stating that we can have a circuit from New York to
New Orleans without any relays, and therefore we can send a dispatch
more cheaply for that distance than if we were compelled to relay three
times, as under the old system.
If our contract should be acceptable to the Government^ of course it
would bring forth a very sharp competition in telegraphing. We do
not expect to monopolize the business by any means ; we do not ex-
pect to get any more than our proper share of it. But it will, of course,
induce a very sharp competition in telegraphing all over the country for
long distances and short distances. Of course if other people can do
it more cheaply than we propose doing it we will have to compete with
them.
I believe this is the first proposition of this kind that has come be-
fore the committee, and we would like to have it taken into serious con-
sideration. We do not ask anything from the Gk>vernment, except the
mere privilege of putting our wires in the post-offices. This is a mat-
ter of necessity. If it were not, we would not ask or expect it. It
does not give us any advantage except that of quick delivery. The
space we would occupy in the public buildings would be very small ; if
we had to pay rental, it would be a ver;y' small amount.
The Chairman. This bill provides that the Oovernment shall pay the
rents of all buildings to be used by the company^ does it not t
Mr. KoBERTS. Oh, no, sir; not by any means.
The Chairman. Does it not provide that the Gk>vemment shall fur-
nish suitable rooms f
Mr. EoBERTS. Only in the main post-office, where your delivery office
is, that is all ; or, if you have branch offices in a city, we might have
offices in those branch offices, for the purpose of facilitating deliveries.
The only object of that provision of the bill is to facilitate deliveries, in
the interest of the people. We would probably occupy only one public
office in a city, although we might have twenty, thirty, or forty other
offices in that city for local business outside of the Government business.
Those offices, of course, would be at our own expense. If we make a
delivery through the pKDst-office, we want the privilege of putting our
wii*es into the post-office building. We do not expect the Oovernment
to furnish us office room for our general business in cities.
Senator Wilson. Your general proposition, then, is, for instance, in
the city of New York, that the Government shall supply you with accom-
modations in the general post-office building f
Mr. EoBERTS. Yes, simply in the post-office.
Senator Wilson. And you deliver the messages to the post-officef '
Mr. Roberts. To the post-office.
Senator Wilson. The Government delivering them the same as it
does letters ?
Mr. Roberts. Yes, sir.
The Chairman. You propose to do nothing but transmit over the wire f
Mr. Roberts. That is all. We simply want to carry the mall for you
by telegraph wlien ^oxi gvN^ \\» ta via to carry. We will deliver it to you
STATEBIENT OF GEORGE D. ROBERTS. 327
jn8t as the mail-carrier delivers it to yoa, and you distribute it. That
is all there is abont it. Of course we expect to have very sharp coin-
petition ontside of this proposition. We will have our offices in all the-
cities, towns, and villages, probably. We expect to extend the systen^
all over the country.
The Chairman. You propose to reserve the right to do any business*
you desire to do for those who patronize the company, without any re-
gard to the Government f
Mr. EOBEBTS. Yes, sir ; without any regard to the Gk>vernment at
all. We only give you a guarantee that the rates shall not exceed this-
limit for a certain period of years. If we do not get a single dispatcb
ftt)m the Government, if you l^ave the guarantee that it shall not exceed
that point, it compels every other company to compete with us at that
rate, and you will have those rates all over the United States, because
no company is going to allow us to take all the advantage of those
rates ourselves. They will all compete with us at these rates. These rates
we offer to you are very reasonable as compared with the present rates.
Without any reference to the Government, without any governmental
complications at all, without the expenditure of a dollar, you simply
have a guarantee from us that we will establish these rates and main-
tain them for a certain period of years. The only consideration we ask
of you is to allow us to put our wires in your main offices in the cities, for
the convenience of quick delivery, because we will give the delivery
Just as quick through the postoffice as we will for our own local work.
The only advantage wilL be this : For instance, we will probably de-
liver commercial mess^es quicker than the Post-Office Department
could possibly do it. Our deliveries now over the exchanges from Chi-
cago to New York are made so rapidly that of course they never would
go through post-offices. We never could do that kind of business
through the post-office under any circumstances ; it would be too slow.
There is no possibility of having that kind of business done through
the post-office. The exchange and commercial business of that char-
acter must be done instantly.
Our company has a theory that, by establishing a very low rate for
telegraphing, the business will probably increase sufficiently for all the
companies in the field to-da^^ ; that it will increase it very rapidly, ho
that we will all have sufficient to keep us at work. Of course, at such
low rates we could not pay any very large dividends im.mediately, but
if we have a large volume of business we would be perfectly satisfied
with these rates, and we expect to get a large volume of business by
giving the public a good service at low rates.
The Ohaibman. What do you estimate to be the proportionate cost
of receiving messages, registering them, and going through all the
forms that are required to do that business properly, and of delivering
the messages at the other end of the line, and the cost of ti;ansmittalf
Mr. Roberts. I cannot give you the figures on that. I am not fa-
miliar enough with the subject to give any opinion about that. I am
simply representing the company in the capacity of an interested party,
to a certain extent. I only know generally about these things. JBut I
know that we expect, of course, to perform this service at a profit to
our company, or we should not make the proposition.
Deliveries depend on the distance. We only require ordinary letter
deliveries, so far as our system is concerned, because our service, being
through the post-office, will be used principally for dispatches of a so-
cial character, and those that are not absolutely important to be deliv-
ered immediately.
S28 STATEMENT OF GEORGE D. EOBEBTS. '
Senator Jackson. You provide for no priority on the part of the
Government, do you !
Mr. Roberts. We are compelled to yield priority to the Government
for its business anyway. Any dispatches that we receive, except those
night dispatches, we have to send immediately. But our system is
such that we are not likely to have more work than we can attend to.
We expect to put up additional wires and do the work. In fact, the real
competition in telegraphy must be not so much in price as in service.
The Chairman. Would you embrace in that term " Government serv-
ice" all the regular correspondence between the executive branches of
the Government !
Mr. Egberts. If they wished it ; but we would probably want to
make a special contract for that on a little different terms from those
proposed ih the bill. This bill is for the people. If the Government
wish to make a special contract with us, as they have done with
existing companies, that would be different.
Senator Jackson. Under the act of 1866 the Gk>vemment has a right
to fix its own rates.
Mr. BoBERTs. Yes^ sir.
Senator Wilson. I do not understand this proposition as involving
Government service t
Mr. Egberts. Ko, sir ; we did not intend it to, except so far as the
Government has the same right to use it that anybody else has. That is
a separate matter for negotiation.
The Chairman. By creating two districts yon make a very great in-
equality in the matter of rates. For instance, you propose 50 cents for
telegraphing across the Mississippi Biver.
Mr. Egberts. No, sir.
The Chairman. The rate from one of these districts to the other is
60 cents for twenty words.
Mr. Egberts. How is that f
Senator Jackson. Mr. Eoberts makes a distinction, as I infer from
the reading of the bill, but does not make any difference in the rate.
Mr. Egberts. We have a clause in the bill in regard to short circuits.
All those short circuits will be adjusted from time to time by the Post-
master-General. We have provided for that. We exi)ect to give you
the lowest rate possible, and we will make such contracts from time to
time as the Postmaster-General may require on short distances.
Senator Wilson. Are your present rates between New York and
Washington the same as the rates charged by the other companies?
Mr. Egberts. I do not know that we have established our rates yet.
I suppose it will be less, and I may state it will be less.
The Chairman. This is the language of the bill you proposed to have
introduced :
For all messages transmitted between any points in the Western or Pacific division,
as defined in section 2, the compensation snail be the same as for the Atlantic divi-
sion, bnt for aU messages transmitted from any point in the Atlantic diyision to anv
point in the Pacific division the compensation shall be fixed at 50 cents for each
message of twenty words.
Mr. Egberts. That was not the intention of the company.
Senator Wilson. That would make a dispatch from Council Bluffs to
Omaha cost 50 cents ?
Mr. Egberts. Of course that can be amended. The intention of the
bill is to make short circuits subject to contracts hereafter with the
Postma«ter-General, whether in one division or the other. If that is the
way you understand the bill we will have a change made, so that it will
STATEMENT OF GEOBGE D. ROBERTS. 329
l)e ju8t the same to one division as the other exactly. We reserve the
privile|2:e of changinK that so as to make it uniform.
The Chairman. The rate proposed here for transmitting messages,
I observe, is the same as the English rate, which covers the entire cost
of receiving, delivery, and everything connected with it — 25 cents for
twenty words. I suppose their average distance for messages would not
vary very much, however, from the average distances over which mes-
sages are sent in this country. Their longest line is 700 miles, I am in-
formed.
Mr. BOBERTS. I am not familiar at all with the English rates.
Senator Wilson. It would not be very dififerent, taking into consider-
ation the two districts.
The Chairman. The bill will be considered by the committee.
Mr. EoBERTS. The clause you speak of we will change.
The Chairman. If we see fit to take any action on it we will submit
it to you.
Mr. Roberts. I authorize the change to be made, or we can malse it
for yon, to make uniform rates on short circuits the same as the usual
rates, for either the Pacific or Atlantic division.
Any information that the committee may want we would like to fiir-
nish at any time.
LETTER
OF
MR. GARDINER 6. HUBBARD
Washington, D. C, May, 1884.
Dbab Sm : As there is a great diversity of opinion in regard to the
cost of telegraphy and of ^the constmction of telegraph lines, I give
some facts and conclusions drawn fh)m them in the hope that they may
aid in forming a correct judgment npon these points:
COST OF TELEGBAPHIOGOBBESPONDENOE IN EUBOPE.
An examination of the cost of the telegraphic service in Belgium for
1881 shows that the average cost of internal telegrams was .727 of a
franc, equal to 14.54 cents per message.
The average cost of telegrams in Switzerland in 1882 was .74 of a
franc, equal to 14.8 cents, including transit and internal telegrams, and
the cost of construction of new lines. Making due allowance fsr these
items, the average cost of internal telegrams was 14 cents.
In England, during the year 1882, 31.345,000 messages were trans-
mitted, ata cost of £1,440,000, equal, at $4.86 to the pound, to $6,998,400,
making the average cost pner telegram 22.3 cents. This probably in-
cludes the cost of construction of new lines for the year, but the report
of the Postmaster-General does not show either the cost or the mileage
of new lines or wires. Estimating the cost of construction at 10 per
cent, on the operating expenses, the average cost per telegram was
20.01 cents. But in England the telegram is twenty words, exclusive
of address and signature, which adds about one-third to its length and
three-sixteenths to its cost, making the cost of the average telegram of
ten words about 16.30 cents.
331
\
332
LETTER OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
COST OF TELEGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE IN AMERICA.
The expenses of the Western Union Telegraph Company for its fiscal
year ended June 30, 1883, were $11,794,000, divided as follows :
For wh»t purpose.
Clerks and cashiers engaged in receipt of messages ; clerks engaged as man-
agers of messengers for Uieir distrioation
other salaries, inolading executiTe offices, operators, Ac.
Messengers
Line repairs $089,616
Beconstmction 285,038
Superintendents 181,700
Instruments 100,806
Office repairs i 107,774
Batteries 288,647
Taxes
Bent of offices *
Claims for deUnqnenoies
Printing and statiot*er7 188,000
Light and fad 120,000
Law expenses 147,000
Paid other lines 267,000
BeAinded and oncoUeoted 130,000
And amounts paid railroad companies 608,000
Cost of maintaining consolidated companias
Sundries
Average per telegram 28.880 cents
Bentais on leaaea lines 528,000
Bentals on American cables 700,000
Bentai on Gold and Stock and Cuba eaUea 801,000
Total cost
Cost of tele-
gram in
cents.
$1,625^000
8,487.000
703,341
1.406»854
453.226
215,648
30-1,881
21,728
450,000
1,000.000
280,000
822,480
10,265.553
1,520,000
11,704,568
.08454
.07086
.01606
,08106
.01080
,00486
.00600
,00040
ooTor
The above items, down to and incloding <' rentals on leased lines," are
taken from the evidence of Dr. Oreen and documents submitted by
him to the Senate committee ; the last thre^ items from letter of Dr.
Green in the North American Eeview for December, 18Sd (page 524).
The average expense per telegram is based on 44,000,000, the number
Dr. Green estimates were transmitted in 1883, including Gold and Stock
and cable telegrams, which were not included in the tables given in the
annual report of the Western Union Tdegraph Company for 1883.
The receipts of the Western Union in 1883 were —
From telegrams $15,442,902
From revenue on cables 1,100,000
From Gold and Stock Telegraph Company 1,417,000
From Inter-Ocean and Cuba cables 388,000
From rental of private lines... 407,000
From dividends and sundries 700,000
4, 012, 000
Total reoeipts 19,454,902
Total expenses 11,794,&53
Net profits 7,600,349
From profits dednct —
Interest on bonded debt, Ac $466,911
Rental on leased lines 528,933
996,884
Leaving amount appUcable to dividends 6,665,505
Average receipts per telegram 35000 cents.
Average operating expenses per telegram 23325 cents.
Average profits per teVegtikm *••• \\snRi^^\A^
LETTER OF GARDINER O. HUBBARD.
33a
Sttimalt of expentei of a po9tal telegraph under the oomtraot eyatem^ band on expendituree
of the Weetem Union Telegraph Company for the fiscal year 1883.
Clerks
Salaries
Messengers
Line repairs, &o
Instruments, Jto
Taxes
Rents
Claims
Printing, Sco
Paid other lines
Maintaining consolidated companiea.
Snndries
Present
expenses.
.03454
.07036
.01600
.03196
.01257
.00488
.00890
.00049
.01043
.02045
.00636
.00731
Contractors.
00731
.07436
.d3i06''
.01257 '
.00488
.00250
.00049
.00463
.01211
Post-Office
Department.
.00860
.00200
.01400
.00580
Saved.
.0180B
.00300
.00200
.00320
.00226'
0032*
.23325
.15612
03000
.00360
.00634
.00698
.00200
.04713
Expenses of the contracton 15,912 cents; total, $7,001,250
Expenses of the PostOffice Department 3, 000 cents ; total, 1,320,000
Total operating expenses 18,912c€nt8; total, 8,321,250
Amountsayea 04,413ccnt«; total, 1.941,720
23, 325 cents.
10,262,970
This estimate shows a saving in the expenses of nearly 4^ cents per
telegram, or total saving of 91,940^000. This results from the less
number of clerks and cashiers required in the handling, bookkeeping,
numbering and other clerical work now required on each message, ren-
dered unnecessary under the postal system, where all telegrams are pre-
paid by stamps and almost the only accounts to be kept are of the num-
ber of messages transmitted and of the money received for the stamps.
There will also be further economy in rent^, as the post-offices in most
places will have room enough for the telegraph office, as in such offices
the Morse instrument and batteries will occupy little more spa<» than a
sewingiuachine ; while in towns and cities, through the Telephone Ex-
changes and District Telegraj^ companies, the telegraph is brought into
direct communication with a large and constantly kicreasing number of
customers, thus increasing the business without any increase in the num-
ber of messengers, and with less need of offices in different localities
in the same city. There will also be a large reduction in printing, legal
fees, and other expenses, as well as in the amounts ^^ refunded and uu-
oollected" and tlie cost of maintaining consolidated companies.
Under the present system, a very large proportion of the operators ar&
railroad employes, paid by a commission on the telegrams. Under the
postal system the same service will be performed by the postmasters,,
who will be paid in the same way.
The gross expenditure at present is $11,793,000; but this includes
the cost of maintaining the Atlantic and Cuba cables, the Oold and
Stock Telegraph Company, together with the rentals paid for these lines^
and the cost of operating and maintaining the private lines. Twenty-
one per cent, of the grQss revenue is now derived from these sources*
This business should bear its proportion of the common expense, which
would be $2,155,000, and therefore exceeds the amount saved, $1,940,000.
No account has been taken of this fact. With this reservation, the
foregoing statement is believed to be substantially correct.
334 LETTER OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
I believe that the amoont of some of the items, rent for instaoeey wiM
be less than the estimate, while other items may be increased.
Total operating expenses as above 18, 912 cento.
To these mast be added $2,596,560, which is the interest at 6 per cent, on
$43,276,000, the estimated cost of the lines of the Western Union;
per telegram 05,901 cents.
Average cost per telegram, including interest J24,813 oeota.
This shows the cost of the average telegram, inclading a profit of 6
per cent, on the cost of the lines will be 24.813. These expenses are
divided into exi>ense8 not affected by the distance of transmission, viz;
Interest oii cost of lines 05901
Expenses of the Post-Office Department 03000
A part of the expenses for clerks and salaries 01000
Ben to, printing, line repairs, taxes, paid other linea, and part of sundries 05972
Expenses not affected b^ the distance of transmission 15873
And into expenses varying with the distance, viz : Clerks' and operatert' sala-
ries, .07387; instromento, .01227 8940
2481S
The average rate under the bill of the Senate committee will be about
25 cents, a r^nction of 10 centa firom the present average rate. If the
operating exi>enses are 18.912 cents, there will be an average profit
per telegram of 6.088 cents, and on 44,000,000 telegrams the profit will
be $2,678,872.
The normal growth of the business during the last six years was 100
per cent. This growth will be much more rapid after this great reduc-
tion in rates, and will be at least 100 per cent, in three years. If this
estimate should be realized, the net profits at the expiration of that time
will be much larger than under the present high rates.
When sent less than the average distance, the expenses, varying with
distance will be reduced about one-third, or 3 cents, making the average
cost for operating expenses 15.537 cents, 1^ cents more than in Belgium,
2^ cents more than in Switzerland, and about the same as in Great
Britain. The total cost, inclusive of interest on the cost of the lines will
be 21.813 cents. There is no reason why the cost in America should be
much greater than in Europe. Our operators and employes are paid
higher salaries, but they do more work in a day and use the Horse
sounder, which is more rapid than most of the instruments used abroad.
The cost between large cities not more than 500 miles apart, where
there is an uninterrupted^ stream of business, will be less than 15 cents,
while between large cities at a greater distance and smeJl offices off the
main circuits the cost will be greater, but these differences will not
affect the average result.
When sent more than the average distance, the expenses varying
with distance will be increased about one-third, making the total cost
28.402 cents, inclusive of interest on the cost of the lines. The rate
under the Senate bill for 1,500 miles is 30 cents, increasing 5 cents for
every 2.60 miles up to 50 cents.
These estimates are based on 44,000,000 telegrams. If there are not
as many, a part of the " expenses not affected by the distance of trans-
mission'' will be increased, and decreased if there is a greater number.
For instance, if only 22,000,000 are transmitted, the expenses for rentals
LETTER OF GARDIKEB O. HUBBAfiD. 385
and interesti repairs, taxes, claims^ sandrieB, and profit, amounting to
$3,500,000, must be assessed upon 22,000,000 messages, whioh woold in-
crease the average cost aboat 8 cents per message, if there are 88,000,-
000 messages, the cost will be redaced 3.5 cents per telegram.
ESTIMATE OF THE NX7MBEB OF BMPLOYlfeS REQUIBED UNDER THE
WESTERN UNION AND POSTAL TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.
The average rate paid by the Western Union Telegraph Oompany to
their operators, as appears by reference to the table famished by Dr.
Green to the Senate Committee on Education and Labor (testimony,
page 965), was $6 1.90 for the month of June, 1883, or $780 a year.
TheooDipany paid for clerks and OAshiers in 1883 $1,535,000
It pidd for other salaries, inclading exeoative officers and operators 3, 487, 000
Total amount 5,012,000
The amount paid for other salaries, as it inclndes execative and other
officers, as well as operators, was probably a little higher than the aver-
age, or about $800 a year. Compensation for clerks and cashiers was
prooably a little less than that of the operators, or aboot $700 a year.
At 9700 a year the number of clerks and cashiers was 2,180
At $800 a year the namber of employteiras | 4,360
u
Making the total number of employ^ 6,590
Of the sums the larger portion of the amount expended for clerks and
cashiers is for work that will be performed by the postal telegraph
service or saved. Almost the entire cost for other salaries, i&c., will be
borne by the contractors. The occupation of nearly all the i>ost-office
employ^ will be to receive telegrams from the public, number, send, or
deliver them to the operators, or to receive them firom the operators, en-
velope, direct, and deliver them to the messenger. This service can be
performed by young ladies at a lower salary Uian is now paid, or, say,
on an average $600 a year.
The compensation paid by the post-oAce for clerks, cashiers, ^bc, is esti-
mated at 1466,400
For clerks and operators paid by the contractor 3,508,400
The amount saved is estimated at 951,700
Total amount expended and saved |5, Oil, 600
At |600 a year the Post-OiBce Departmant can employ clerks and cashiers
in addition to those now in the service 777
The contractor will employ clerks and operators 4,800
The number saved 953
Making the total number • 6,530
The messages are now delivered, either by contract with the District
Tele^ph Company or by messenger boys, who are generally paid ac-
cording to the number of messages delivered. There are about 3,000 in
the service of the Western Union Company, with average wages of 75
ceuts a day. A less number will be required under the postal system,
as all night telegrams will be delivered by the letter-carriers and some
of the others.
In addition to these employes, the Western Union probably employs
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336 LETTER OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
over 1,000 men as snperintendeDts of line repairs and reconstruction.
The employes engaged in this work will be paid by the contractors.
The foregoing estimate apparently conflicts with the flrst statement
of Dr. Green to the Senate committee " that they have 25,500 instru-
ments, and every instrument requires an operator* I should say, there-
fore, there are probably 30,000 operators employed on the Western
Union lines.^^ In this statement Dr. Green refers to railroad and other
operators, as the salaries of 30,000 operators at $780 a year would
amount to $23,400,000, or more than twice the entire expenses of the
Western Union. In Dr. Green's remarks to directors, September 13,
1882, he says, " We pay salaries to only 2,578 of our 12,041 offices; at
960 others we pay only a portion of the operating expenses " ; and in
his statement to the Senate Committee on Education and Labor, he
says, <^ 8,912 offices were operated by railroads without any direct
money cost to the company.^
OOST OF LINES.
The cost of lines differs very greatly, depending on the quality of
the line, the facility of obtaining poles, the freight on wire and poles,
and on the contracts which can be made with railroads, whether they
will transport and drop the poles on the spot where they are required,
or leave them at the lygular stations on the line of the road, to be hauled
to the place where thiey will be set. The price varies from $65 a mile of
wire to $2,000 or $3,000 a mile of pole line in some cities, where large
aiid expensive poles or underground wires are required. The Western
Union Telegraph Company has contracts with most of the railroads,
which gives that company peculiar facilities, if not, as they claim, the
exclusive use of the railroads for telegraphic purposes.
A detailed statement of the cost of a mile of pole line with three wires
is hereto annexed as giving a fair estimate of the average cost of lines
extending into all parts of the country ; in some sections the cost will
be less, in others greater.
It will not be safe to estimate the cost of telegraphic lines at less
than $300 a mile of pole line, averaging three wires to a pole and in-
clusive of the right of way ; an average of one wire in addition would
cost $35 per mile more.
The Western Union Telegraph Company operates 432,726 miles of
wire, strung on 144,294 mSes of pole line ; this is equivalent to an
average of 3 miles of wire to 1 mile of pole line. At $100 per mile the
value is $43,276,000, inclusive of all instruments necessary to operate
the lines, upon which interest at the rate of 6 per cent, is allowed in
the foregoing tables.
This valuation of $43,276,000 will appear as much too high to some
as it will appear too low to others.
This difference of opinion arises from the impossibility of estimating
the cost of poles and of the rights of way, including in these rights the
privileges enjoyed by the Western Union through its contracts with
railroads, and the great difference in the cost of lines in different sec-
tions of the country.
This estimate includes neither the good- will nor the franchises of the
telegraph company ; it merely shows the sum required to build new
lines, to connect the places now reached by the lines of the Western
Union Company with equal facilities.
The Western Union Company also holds valuable property acquired
for its other busmeas^ ftom;w\i\<ib it derives one-third of its net income.
LETTER OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 337
In the North AmericaD Eeview, 1883, page 525, Dr. Green states the
gross revenue from other sources than the transmission of telegrams
and the rentals paid for same as follows:
From the Amerioan cables ^ $1,100,000
From the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company 1,417,000
From the Inter-Ocean Company (Cuba cables) 3cJ8,000
From the rontals on private lines, $407,000; dividends, &o., f700,000 1, 107,000
4, 012, 000
Rentals of this property $1,180,000
Operating expenses, say 1,000,000
2,180,000
Net earnings 1,832,000
This property, capitalized at 6 i>er cent, represents a value of $30,-
000,000.
A trial balance of the property of the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany included in these estimates would stand approximately as follows:
UABILITIBS.
Capital stock $80,0(X),000
For debt of leased lines and rentals capitalized 37,464,200
117, 464, 20e
A88BT8.
Lines and instruments as above $43,276,000
Atlantic and other cables, shares, rontals, and dividends, &c., roprosented
by property capitalized as above, at 30,000,000
Real estate 5,000,000
Marketable assets in the Treasury * 10,023,000
Balance of assets 5,016,000
Bonus paid for lines of the American Union and stock of the Atlantic
and Pacific Telegraph Company in 1881, to balance the account 25, 149, 000
117,464,200
The details of the capital and liabilities of the Western Union Com-
pany at different periods are set forth in the accompanying table, B.
According to the evidence of Mr. Bates, president of the Baltimore
and Ohio Telegraph Company, that company ezx>ects to operate 35.000
miles of wire, to cost abont $6^000,000. This is at the rate of $142 a
mile.
The American Union Telegraph Company built between 1878 and
1881 about 10,700 miles of pole lines and 46,400 miles of wire, at the
cost of $5,000,000, according to the evidence of Mr. Bates, or $108 per
mile of wire. But this company pays the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
pany over $150,000 a year for the right of way over its lines, which,
capitalized, is equal to $2,500,000 of principal^ and increases the cost to
$150 per mile of wire.
It is probable that each of these estimates includes a very large profit
on the lines. .
GAEDINEE G. HUBBAED.
Hon. N. P. Hill,
Ohairman Committee an Past-Offices and Past-RaadSj
United States Senate.
* Some of these aasete are included in the item ''Atlantic and other cablee," Ac.f
and are, therefore, entered twice among the assets. If the entries were corrected it
would increase the last item, ''Bonus paid," &c.
8. Eep. 577, pt. 2 ^22
/
338 LETTER OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
Table A. — Detailed etatemeni of cost of one mUe of pole line of telegrapkin country y poUe 30
fett high, of second-growth cheetnut, 6 inch tope, and No, 8 ex, B, B, wire.
Thirty poles, delivered, at |2.50 $75 00
1 mile wire, 389 poands, at 5 cents per pound 19 45
SOx-arms, at 25 cents 7 50
60 bolts, at 3 cents 1 80
30 pins at 2 cents 60
30 iDsnlators, at 5 cents 1 50
Grounds, tie-wire, solder, &c 3 00
Delivery of material 1 1 00
Labor (gang of men and boss), 8 men, at $2 16 00
Boss, atfS; and expenses, $1.50 4 50
Wagon for men, with wire and tools 3 00
Sundries, and occasional damage to trees 5 00
138 35
Allow for higher poles to cross other lines roads, or railroad tracks, say 10 00
149 35
For each additional wire on each route until four are strung 30 00
• ~— ^^^^— ^
Cost i>er mile of wire with three wires strung 70 00
389 pounds No. 8 wire to the mile, at 5 cents 19 45
Town tpork, one mUe, ^feet poles, 7i-in€k tops, 40 to the mUe,
40 poles, delivered, at $13 •. $520 00
40arms, at 30 cents 12 00
One mile wire, No. 6, 538 pounds, at 5 cents 26 90
Bolts, pins, insulators , 7 00
Grounds, solder, &c 4 10
Labor (twelve men and boss) gauji^ to erect ten poles a day 114 00
Repairing pavements, contingencies 25 00
Total 709 00
Under unfavorable circumstances the men mijrht not be able to erect more than five
poles a day ; this would increase the cost to $880 ; each additional wire, $35.
Cost per mile of wire, three wires per pole, $259.
In large cities like New York, Philadelphia, Chicaeo, dsc, the expenses for contin-
gencies would be hiffher than the estimate ; but it wiU be unnecessary to take account
of these exceptionafitems, as the large ci^ poles will carry many wires, and thus
reduce the cost per mile of wire.
If one-sixth of the distance is town work the average cost per mile of wire, averag-
ing three wires to a pole, will be, at the above rates, f 101.50.
The cost of one mue of pole line with four wires strung would be $335. The evi-
dence of Mr. Chapman given to the Senate committee shows that the actual cost of a
four-wire line between Cleveland, Chicago, and Kansas City was fiom $325 to $350
per mile of pole line.
Table B.-^Capital and liahilities of the Western Uniion Tdegrt^h Ompamy,
Dec, 1863. The capital was $7,950,700
May, 1864. It was increased for other lines bought 2,116,200
1866. For stock dividends declared 10,066,900
1866. For the purchase of consolidated lines, ineludins $11,000,000
of stock issued to these lines as stock dividend 20,929, 300
41,063,100
Less stock owned by the company 494,800
•
40, 568, 300
1866. The bonded debt was 4,634,100
Total liabiUties 45,202,400
Of this capital and debt considerably over one-half, or about $23,000,000 was issued
for stock dividends between January, 1864, and Jnly, 1866.
May, 1874. The company bought over $7,000,000 of its capital, reducing
the outstanding capital to $33,785,000
1874. The bended debt was then 5,946,910
Total Ai«X)Vii\,\w : 39,731,910
LETTER OF GARDINER G. HUBBARD
339
June, 1878. The oatotanding capital was 35,068,575
A Block dividend iraa declared of 5,960,606
1881. A stock dividend waa declared of 15,526,590
A stock dividend was declared as a dividend of capital for
the stock of the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company,
then owned by the Western Union, to the amount of. ... . 4, 320, 000
Its stock was also issued in exchange for the remaining stock
of the Atlantic and Pacific 4,060,000
Stock for pnrchaseof American Union lines 15,000,000
Stock owned by the company, |20,172 sundries, t^,055 44, 227
Total capital 80,000,000
LUOBS OF COlfPANIBS LSA8BD TO THB WESTBBlf UmON, THB TBABLT BXMTAL, AND
THB VALUX OF 8AMB OAPITALIZSD AT AN INTBBK8T OF 6 PBB CBNT.
Mntnal Union, rental of Unes at $450,000 17,500,000
Northwestern Telegraph Companv, rental of lines at $110,000
a year, increasing every year £>r thirteen years until it
amounts to $150.000 2,500,000
Caton lines, rental of lines $87,000 1,500,000
Bonded debt 5,964,200
$17,464,200
American cables, rental of lines $700,000 and certain oiBoe expenses 11, 700, 000
Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, rental of lines $300,000 5,000,000
Cuba cables, rental of lines $180,000 3,000,000
Total of rentals, capitalised and debt 37, 164,200
Stock capital 80,000,000
Total Uabilities 1883 ^ 117,164,200
*
Some of the shares of the Caton lines of the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company and
Cuba cables are owned by the Western Union, on which it receives the divi^nd, but
there are other lines not enumerated above on which it pays rentals, which would
make the total liabilities somewhat larger than above.
The total liabilities June 30, 1880, were $47,100,000
Increase in three years 70,064,000
Total liabilities June 30, 1883 117,164,000
Tablb C.—lhlegraph rate$ firom Waakk^gton to the rmidence of eaok of the mmiiibet$ of ike
Houoe Committee on PoeUQgtoee amd PoeUBoade tmder ike Weetem Union and Foetal
Telegrapk e^fiteme,
APRIL, 1884.
Name of place.
Winooa, lilis.
Fori Smith, Ark
Hendenon, Tex
IndianapoUa, Ind
Sparta, Ga
BoonvlUe, Ho
Winoheater, HI
Lexington, Tenn
imi^pbia,Pa
Akron, Ohio
Watertown, N. Y
Blue Barth Ci^, Minn
Ifaaohester. Ky
Gallipolis, Ohio
Lafcyette, Ind
Utah.
Wettem
Union
rates.
Kight
ratea.
10 75
10 50
75
50
1 00
60
50
85
00
40
75
50
00
40
50
85
15
15
50
85
85
25
1 00
64
50
85
50
85
50
85
100
00
996
088
Poetal
Triegra|ih
ratea.
10 25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
15
25
25
25
25
25
25
50
4 15
Average by Western Union, day rates. .02 ; night rates, ,42 f^.
Postaftelegraph, day rates, .2S&; night rates, .25.
Beduction under postal system, .321 ; night rates, .176.
340
LETTER OF GARDINEB G. HUBBABD.
Telegraph rates Western Union Telegraph, day and night, from Washington to ths rtH-
denee of each of the members of the Senate Committee on PosUOfflces and Post-Roods,
Day. I Night.
Washington to—
Denver, Colo...
Fairfield, Iowa.
Paris, Tex
Jackson, Tenn.
Elkton, Md....
Detroit. Mich..
Oahkosb, Wis .
Petersborc, Ya
Dover, Del
10 word*.
to 75
50
75
75
20
35
50
25
20
4 25
Average rates, by day, 64 cents ; by night, 47 cents.
Telegraph rates* day and night. Western Unkm Telegraph, from Washington to (Jk« residence
of each member of the Senate and Mouse Committees on Appn^riations,
Washington to —
Dubaqae,Iowa
Chicago, 111
Pittsfleld, Mass
Smporia. Kans
Ellsworth, Me
Lexington, Ky
Weldon, N. CT.
Warrensborg, Mo
Jacksonville, Fla ■,
Houn.
Washington to —
Philadelphia, Pa
Jacksonville, Fa *....
New Orleans, La
Anrnra, In<d .........................
Austin, Tex
Shawneetown, 111
Kingsbridge, N. Y
Cindnnati, Ohio
Saint Joseph. Mo
Springfield, Ohio
.Danv&^
Topeka,!Eans
LaPorte.Ind
Ea«t Sai^w, Mich ,
Minneapolis, Minn
lOwordt.
10.50
50
50
I 00
50
50
50
75
75
15
75
60
50
06
60
40
40
60
40
50
60
50
75
75
Kight.
14 00
10 vonit.
One-third.
Do.
Da
Da
Da
Do.
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Da
Average day rate, 58 cental
INDEX.
Pacew
Remarka of Hod. George F. Edmonds .' 3
Statement of Norvin Green 13
Argument of Hon. William M. Evarts 29
Statement of Gardiner G. Hubbard 51
Appendix. Extracts from newspapers 71
Statement of Baltimore and Ohio officials 119
Brief of the Postal Telegraph and Cable Company 145
Statement of Henry Day, executor 149
Brief of Bankers and Merchants' Telegraph Company 163
TestimonyofW. P. Phillips 165
Testimony of John Van Home 185
Testimony of Norvin Green 197
Testimony of Colin Fox 249
Testimony of H. 8. Smith ^ 267
Testimony of E. R. Chapman 263
Testimony of John C. Van Duzer 273
Testimony of A. P. Swineford 279
Testimony of Lloyd Brezee 283
Testimony of William Henry Smith 287
Appendix. Associated Press contracts 317
Statement of George D. Roberts 323
Letter of Gardiner G.Hubbard 331
341
o .
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48th Congress, I SENATE. i Report
««/ Session. J ' ) No. 578.
IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.
Mat 27, 1884.— Ordered to be printed.
Mr. Sherman, from the Committee on Finance, submitted the following
REPORT:
[To aocompany bill S. 344. ]
•
The Committee on Finance, to which was referred the bill (S. 344) ^< to
tegnlate the payment of biUs of exchange drawn in foreigii coantries
on persons, firms, companies, or corporations in the United States, where
the amount to be paid is named in foreign coins," reports that the
necessity of the passage of this bill grows out of the construction placed
by bankers and dealers in exchange on section 3564 Bevised Statutes,
upon a strict construction of which they hold that it applies only to
coin presented to, and not to bills of exchange drawn on, bankers in the
United States by foreigners and parties doing business abroad. The
committee is advised that such bills are usually paid less a discount of
the rate of exchange current on the day that pajrment is to be made,
and in many cases advantage is taken of the ignorance of the payee to
charge also a commission, in some cases reducing the amount to be paid
two or three per cent.
As the law fixes the value at which foreign coin is taken at the Mint,
it is deemed right and just that on the bills of exchange hereafter
drawn and paid, the banker or payor should be required to pay in lawful
money of the United States, without any deduction or charge whatever,
at the standard value of the foreign coin in which they are payable, an-
nually fixed in pursuance of law by the Director of the Mint, and pro-
claimed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
The committee, therefore, recommends the passage of the bill.
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