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REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES 


OF  THE 


SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


FOR  THE 


FIRST  SESSION  OF  THE  FORTY-EIGHTH  CONGRESS. 


1883-'84. 


IN  SEVEN  VOLUMES. 
f 

Volume  1. — ^No8.     3  to  147,  inclusive. 

Volume  2. — Nos.  148  to  343,  inclusive. 

Volume  3. — ^Noe.  344  to  490,  inclusive. 

Volume  4. — ^Nos.  491  to  550,  inclusive. 
[  Volume  5. — ^Nos.  551  to  578,  inclusive. 

Volume  0.— No.  579. 
j  Volume  7.— Nos.  580  to  900,  inclusive. 

I 


WASHINGTON: 

aoVEBNMENT   PRINTING  OFFICE. 

1884. 


INDEX 


TO  THB 


REPORTS    OF    COMMITTEES 


OF  THE 


SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


FOB  THE 


FIRST  SESSION  OF  THE  FORTY-EIGHTH  CONGRESS. 

[NoTB.— Only  200  copies  of  Bep^  No.  2  printed,  for  the  use  of  the  Senate  ] 


Subject. 


A. 

Aaron.    On  bill  (H.  R.  4254)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Abbott.    On  bill  (S.  1200)  grafting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  £.  G.  C 

Adams.    On  memorial  of  Collin.     (To  accompany  bill  8.  974) 

Adkinson.    On  bill  (S.  1465)  for  the  reUcf  of  D.  O 

Adulteration  of  articles  of  food  or  drink.    On  bill  (8. 1876)  to  prohibit  the. 

Agnel.     On  bill  (8.  475)  granting  arrears  of  pension  to  Emily 

Alabama.  On  bill  (8.  503)  to  increase  the  endowment  of  the  University  of. 
Alabama  National  Guard.     On  joint  resolution  (8.  Kes.  63)  autliorizing 

the  Secretary  of  War  to  make  exchange  of  tents  for  Gatling  guns  with 

the 


Alabama  National  Guards.  On  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  244)  authorizing 
the  Secretaiy  of  War  to  make  exchange  of  tents  for  Ckttling  guns  with 
the - J 


Alaska.    On  bill  (8.  153)  to  provide  a  civil  government  for 

Alcoholic  liquor  traflSc     On  bill  (8.  654)  to  provide  for  a  commission  on 

the  subject  of  the 

Algoe.    On  bill  TS.  783)  to  increase  the  pension  of  John 

Alice.    On  bill  (H.  R.  2378)  restoring  to  the  pension-roll  the  name  of 

John _ 


No. 

Vol. 

887 

7 

479 

3 

15 

1 

402 

3 

345 

3 

510 

4 

50 

1 

Allen.    On  biU  (8.  385)  for  the  relief  of  D.  C 

Allen.    On  bill  (8.  307)  for  the  reUef  of  Lewis  D w 

Allen.     On  petition  of  William.. _.. 

American  products.  On  the  second  branch  of  Senate  resolution  of  Jan- 
nary  22,  1884,  relative  to  discriminations  against  the  importation  of... 

Ammahaie  (or  Ammahe).    On  bill  (8.  1058)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Anderson.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3625)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Levi 

Appropriations.  Making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service,  &c.  (To 
accompany  bill  H.  R.  4716)— _ 

Appropriations.  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations  propose,  in  lieu  of  bills 
8.  347,  594,  and  1700,  an  amendment  to  the  bill  (H.  R.  6770)  making 
appropriations  for  the  consular  and  diplomatic  service  for  the  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1885,  and  ask  its  reference  to  Committee  on 

Appropriations.  Making  appropriations  for  the  consular  and  diplomatic 
service,  &c.  Statement  in  the  nature  of  a  report.  (To  accompany  bill 
H.  R.  6770) 

Appropriations.  Making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and 
judicial  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  fisod  year  ending  June  30, 
1885.     (To  accompany  bill  H.  R.  7069) 


654 


655 
3 


405 


432 
633 

760  [ 


7 
1 


435 

8 

373 

3 

795 

7 

91 

1 

39 

1 

164 

2 

551 

6 

342 

2 

851 

7 

III 


IV 


INDEX   TO    REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


ppropriations.     On  bill  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for 
the  year  ending  Jane  30,  1884,  and  prior  years.     (To  accompany  bill 

H.  R.7235) 

Arkansas  Mounted  Infantry  Volunteers.     On  bill  (S.  589)  for  the  payment 

of  the  Fourth 

Armstrong.     On  bill  (S.  912)  granting  a  pension  to  Henry  A 

Armstrong.     On  bill  (S.  1316)  fo|  the  relief  of  William  W 

Army.     On  bill  TS.  641)  concerning  details  fix)m  the 

Army.     On  bill  (S.  853)  to  fix  the  rank  of  certain  retired  officers  of  the__ 

Army.     On  bill  (S.  345)  relative  to  promotions  in  the  Medical  Department 

of  the 


Army.  On  bill  (S.  675)  to  extend  the  benefits  of  section  4  of  an  act 
entitled  '^An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of,  for  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1866,"  approved  March  3, 1865 

Army  and  Navy.  On  bill  (S.  1646)  to  continue  in  force  an  act  to  author- 
ize the  settlement  of  the  accounts  of  officers  of  the 

Arts.  On  bill  (S.  1063)  proposing  to  amend  Revised  Statutes  relating  to 
the  incorporation  of  societies  for  benevolent,  charitable,  educational,  lit- 
erary, musical,  scientific,  religious,  or  missionary  purposes,  including 
societies  for  mutual  improvement  or  the  promotion  of  the.. 

Ashley.     On  bill  (S.  591 )  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Chester. 

Atlantic  Alcohol  Company.     On  bill  (S.  1861)  for  the  relief  of  the 

Attwater.  On  bill  (H.  R.  204)  granting  a  pension  to  Susan  J.  (To 
accompany  bill  H.  R.  204) _ _•. 

Austrian  florin.  On  bill  (S.  459)  to  refund  excessive  duties  caused  by 
extraordinary  overvaluation  of  the,  in  the  year  1878 

Averell.     Onbill(H.  R.  2487)  for  the  relief  of  Bvt.  M^j.  Gen.  WiUiam  W.. 

Ayres.     On  biU  (S.  530)for  the  relief  of  Henry 


B. 

Babson.     On  bill  (S.  772)  granting  a  pension  to  Erastus  W-- 

Baoon.  On  petition  to  sue  for  damages  sustained  by  a  collision  between  the 
United  States  steam-ram  Alarm  and  the  schooner  Addle  B.  (To  ac- 
company bill  S.  748) ^ 

Baker.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3606)  granting  a  pension  to  Irene 

On  petition  of  Samuel 

On  bill  (H.  R.  825)  granting  a  pension  to  William  J 

On  petition  of  John  F 

On  bill  (H.  R.  6786)  granting  a  pension  to  Rivers _— 


Baker. 

Baker. 

Ballier. 

Banks. 

Barbour.     On  bill  (S^  689)  for  the  relief  of  Elizabeth  A 

R.  943)  granting  a  pension  to  San 
1180  and  H.  R.  1406)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs. 


Barnard.     On  bill  (H.  R.  943)  granting  a  pension  to  Samuel 

(S. 
MaryT 


Barnes.     On  bills 


Bamett.     On  bill  (S.  707)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Nicholas  W 

Barr.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5821)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Susannah 

Bastin.     On  bill  (S.  1566)  granting  a  pension  to  Martha 

Bateman.     On  bill  (S.  1288)  for  the  relief  of  Nathaniel  C 

Bates.     On  petition  of  citizens  of  Iowa  in  favor  granting  pension  to  N.  D. 
Baugh,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Ash  ton  Butterworth.     On  the  me- 
morial of  A.  F 

Baugness.     On  bill  (S.  445)  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs  or  legal  representa- 
tives of  Robert  J 

Bansman.     On  bill  (S.  283)  to  increase  the  pension  of  George  W 

Beaty,  deceased.    On  bill  (S.  1538)  for  relief  of  the  legal  representatives 

of  the  estate  of  James  - 

B^iumont.     On  bill  (H.  R.  747)  granting  a  pension  to  Fannie  C.     (Views 

of  the  minority) _. 

Beck,  assignee  of  A.  Bur  well.     On  bill  (S.  538)  for  relief  of  William  H.. 

Becktel.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3591)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  A 

Bedds  and  others.     On  bill  (S.  804)  for  the  relief  of  William 

Belding.     On  bill  (S.  1570)  for  the  relief  of  H.  K 

Belger.     On  bill  (S.  617)  for  the  relief  of  James 


807 

498 
733 
284 
98 
315 

341 


436 
803 


362 


4 
7 
2 
1 
2 


3 

7 


141 

1 

582 

7 

662 

7 

894 

7 

426 

3 

424 

3 

294 

2 

388 

3 

833 

7 

257 

2 

635 

7 

174 

2 

865 

7 

245 

2 

854 

7 

553 

5 

301 

2 

812 

7 

689 

7 

401 

3 

791 

7 

126 

1 

228 

2 

299 

2 

346 

3 

714 

7 

24 

1 

874 

7 

670 

5 

458 

3 

661 

7 

IKDEX   TO   REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Vol. 


On  bill  (S.  1259)  granting  arrears  of  pension  toW.  N _. 

On  bills  (H.  R.  4"^  and  S.  455)  granting  a  pension  Alexander 


Bcrkl^. 
Bernard. 
Saint  . 

Betts,  Nichols  &  Co.     On  biU  (S.  1237)  for  the  relief  of. _ 

Beyland.     On  bill  (8.  647)  granting  a  pension  to  John  C.  F 

Bigly.     On  bill  (S.  536)  for  the  relief  of  Capt.  N.  J 

Bills  of  exchange  drawn  in  foreign  conntries  on  persons,  firms,  and  oorpora- 
tions  in  the  United  States.     On  bill  (S.  344)  to  regulate  the  payment  of. 
Biser.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4970)  for  the  relief  of  Nancy 

On  bill  (H.  R.  2984)  granting  a  pension  to  Apolline  A 

On  petition  of  Samuel  M 


Blair. 

Blur. 

Blake. 

Blake. 

Blake. 


On  bUl  (S.  1758)  for  the  relief  of  Charles  M 

(s.  - 


On  bUl  (S.  1631)  for  the  relief  of  John  W 

On  bill  (H.  R.  591)  granting  a  pension  to  W.  H 

Blanchet.     On  bill  (S.  958)  granting  arrears  of  pension  to  Augustus  D-. 
Bleecker.     On  bill  (S.  1335)  to  authorize  the  settlement  of  the  accounts  of 

the  late  J.  V.  B 

Blinn.     On  bill  (H.  R.  351)  for  the  relief  of  Henry  Z 

Boddy.     On  bill  (S.  271)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Louisa 

Bois  Blanc  in  the  State  of  Michigan.     On  bill  (S.  1449)  to  provide  for  the 

sale  of  the  military  reservation  on  the  island  of 

Bolar.     On  bill  (S.  1398)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Andrew  J.. 
Bolivar.     On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  43)  for  the  erection  of  a  bronze 

equestrian  statue  to  Simon 

Boetater.    On  bills  (H.  R.  4440 and  S.  1421  j  granting  a  pension  to  John.. 

Bowen.     On  bUl  (S.  1625)  for  the  relief  of  William 

Boyle,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Marcus  Radich,  deceased.    On  the 

petition  of  T.  J.     (To  accompany  bill  S.  975) 

Bradbury.     On  petition  of  Dr.  P.  W 

Bradbury.     On  bills  (S.  2165  and  H.  R.  875)  granting  a  pension  to  P.  W.  . 
Brewster.     On  bill  (S.  651)  to  authorize  the  President  to  restore  to  his 

former  rank  in  the  Army  Charles.. 

Brewster.     On  bill  (S.  651)  to  authorize  the  President  to  restore  to  his 

former  rank  in  the  Army  Charles _- 

Brewster.     On  the  petition  of  Charlotte 

Bridge  at  or  near  Georgetown.     (On  bill  S.  1447. )     {See  Potomac  River) .  . 

Bridger.     On  bill  (S.  380)  for  the  relief  of  James 

Brisbine.     On  bill  (H.  R.  6542)  granting  a  pension  to  Harriets * 

Brisbois.     On  bill  (S.  1119)  for  the  relief  of  John  W - 

Bronaon.     On  bill  (S.  359)  granting  a  pension  to  Samuel  P 

Brooks.     On  bill  (S.  1656)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Thomas  S 

Broome.     On  bill  (S.  1726)  granting  a  pension  to  John  M _. 

Brott.     On  bill  (S.  2005)  authorizing  the  Court  of  Claims  to  investigate 

the  claim  of  (>eorge  F.. 

Brown.     On  petition  of  Oeorge 

Brown.     On  bill  (S.  2244)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Brown  and  others.     On  bill  (S.  337)  granting  pensions  to  Wilson  W 

Browne.     On  bill  f  H.  R.  1751 )  increasing  the  pension  of  William  R 

Browne.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1751)  increasing  the  pension  of  William  R 

Brownell.     On  bill  (S.  773)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Kady 

Buck.     On  petition  of  citizens  of  Middlesex,  Vt.,  for  an  increase  of  pen- 
sion to  William  H.  H 

Bnllard.     On  bill  (S.  1173)  granting  a  pension  to  Catharine 

Bollock,  deceased.     On  bill  (S.  1629)  giving  a  military  record  to  John  C. . 

Bandy.    On  biU  (S.  543)  for  the  relief  of  Martin  L 

Burch.     On  biU  (S.  1744)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Martha  L 

Bnrchard.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1800)  for  the  reUef  of  J.  L 

Burean  of  Statistics  of  Labor.     On  bill  (S.  140)  to  establish  a 

Burnett.    On  bill  (S.  1388)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  General 

WardB 

Burnett.    On  biU  (H.  R.  4682)  granting  a  pensioii  to  Wfod  B.  (Views  of 

the  minority) 

Burrington.    On  petition  of  Anna : 


500 

690 
303 
499 
344 

578 
827 
647 
390 
594 
441 
649 
567 

357 

486 

32 

378 
776 

392 
756 
335 

16 
343 

728 

364 

442 
759 
154 

21 
763 
596 

29 
757 
741 

588 
522 
729 
361 
559 
764 
524 

291 
219 
384 
58 
460 
583 
102 

211 

543 
666 


7 
2 
4 
3 

5 

7 
7 
3 
7 
3 
7 
5 

3 
3 
1 

3 

7 

3 

7 
2 

1 
2 

7 


3 

7 
2 
1 

7 
7 
1 

7 
7 

7 
4 
7 
3 
5 
7 
4 

2 
2 
3 
1 
3 
7 
1 


4 

7 


VI 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


BurweU.     On  bill  (S.  971)  for  the  relief  of  Mra.  PriscUla  W 

BurweU.     On  bill  (S.  972)  for  the  relief  of  Priscilla  W 

Bjers  &  Co.  On  bill  (S.  938)  confirming  the  right  to  take  and  use  water 
from  the  Umatilla  River,  on  the  Umatilla  ^seryation,  in  Oregon,  to 
W.S 

c. 

Caddy.     On  bill  (8.  1694)  granting  a  pension  to  Charles 

Cadis.     On  bill  (S.  928)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah 

Cage,  and  the  minor  heirs  of  Albert  G.  Cage.     On  bill  (S.  631)  for  the  relief 

of  Duncan  8 - 

Caffey.    On  bill  (S.  513)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Caldwell,  administratrix  of  John  H.  Caldwell.     On  bill  (S.  678)  for  the 

relief  of  Amelia  B •* 

Caldwell.    On  bill  (H.  R.  554)  granting  a  pension  to  Joseph  T 

California.     On  bill  (S.  809)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  of. 

California.     On  bill  (S.  2191)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  of 

Callahan,  of  Hnntsville,  Ala.     On  bill  (S.  1034)  for  the  relief  of  Mr 

Cameron.    On  bill  (S.  1347)  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  by  the  loas  of 

the  Government  steamer  J.  Don 

Camp  Douglas  Military  Reservation  in  the  Territory  of  Utah.     On  bill 

(S.  478)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  relinquish  to  the  Interior 

Department  certain  parts  of  the - 

Canfield.     On  bill  (S.  996)  granting  a  pension  to  David  C 

Cannon,  tents,  and  muskets.    On  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  209)  granting 

to  ex-Union  soldiers  for  reunion  purposes  the  use  of 

Capella.     On  petition  of  Miguel.. 

Carlyle.     On  bill  (S.  375)  for  the  relief  of  George  H 

Carran.     On  bill  (S.  936)  granting  a  pension  to  Philenda 

Carroll.     On  bill  (S.  2092)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Sallie 

Carson.     On  bill  (S.  12)  for  the  relief  of  Elizabeth 

Carter.    On  bill  (S.  831)  for  the  relief  of  Dr.  Robert 

Cassard.     On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  63)  in  relation  to  Augustus  J 


Vol. 


Cassidy.     On  bill  (S.  298)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Maigaret. 

Caswell.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2473)  for  the  relief  of  Margaret  A 

Cator,  surviving  partner  of  the  firm  of  Aymar  &  Co.     On  bill  (S.  1665)  for 

the  relief  of  John  W _ 

Cavendish.    On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  60)  granting  condemned  cannon 

to  the  town  of 

Chaplains  in  the  Army.     On  bill  (S.  469)  to  increase  the  pay  of 

Chapman.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5686)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  J 

Charlotte,  N.  C.     On  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  236)  to  loan  flags,  &c,  to 

the  city  of 

Chase.     On  bill  (S.  1603)  to  increase  the  pension  of  James  J 

Chatfield.     On  bill  (S.  1299)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Alonzo  B 

Chawning.     On  bill  (S.  1270)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Mary  H 

Cherokee  Reservation.     On  bill  (S.  1574)  relative  to  the - 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway.     On  bill  (S.  1212)  to  authorize  the  exten- 
sion of  the 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Rail  way  Company.    On  bill  ( H.  R.  4977)  to  authorize 

the  extension  of  the 1 ' 

Cheshire.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5258)  granting  a  pension  to  Thomas 

Chewning.     On  bill  (H.  R.  837)  granting  a  pension  to  Reuben  J 

Chippewa  Indians.'    On  bill  (S.  1^4)  providing  for  the  allotment  of  lands 

in  severalty  to  certain _ __ 

Chouteau.     On  bill  (S.  371)  for  the  relief  of  Charles  P... 

Cinnabarand  Clark's  Fork  Railroad  Company.     On  bill  (S.  1373)  granting 

right  of  way  to  the _ 

Citizens'  Bank  of  Louisiana.     On  bill  (S.  85)  for  the  relief  of  the 

Citizens'  Bank  of  Louisiana.     On  bill  (S.  85)  for  the  relief  of  the.     Views 

of  the  minority.     (Part  2) _ __ 

Claims  reported  by  the  accounting  officers  of  the  United  States  as  allowed 

under  the  act  of  July  4,  1864,  and  acts  amendatory  thereof 


208 


381 
290 

622 
626 

678 
752 
158 
550 
387 

266 


162 
359 

653/ 

464 

70 

470 

459 

5 

327 

201 

8 

648 

353 

251 
120 
663 

483 
732 
371 
491 

287 

316 

687 
630 

848 

380 
117 

239 
403 

403 

656 


1 
1 


3 
2 

7 
7 

7 
7 
3 
4 
3 


2 
3 

7 
3 
1 
3 
3 
1 
2 
2 
1 
7 


2 
1 

7 

3 

7 
3 
4 
2 


7 

7 

7 

3 
1 

2 
3 

3 

7 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


VII 


Subject. 


Claxk.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4694)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Cbrk.  On  bill  (S.  2105)  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to 
Appoint  and  place  on  the  retired  list,  as  chief  engineer  of  the  Navy, 
Paned  Assistant  Engineer  Nathan  6 

Clark  &  CJo.     On  bill  (S.  1384)  for  the  relief  of  James  S 

Clark  and  Sayles  J.  Bowen.    On  bill  (S.  1274)  for  the  relief  of  Reuben  B. 

Clements.     On  bill  (H.  R.  570)  granting  a  pension  to  M.  H 

Cloud.     On  bill  (S.  260)  for  the  relief  of  James 

Cochran.     On  bill  (S.  1481)  for  the  relief  of  O.  L. 

OogswelL     OnbiUrS.  64)  for  the  relief  of  Wilbur  F 

Colorado.     On  bill  (S.  74)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  of- 

Colored  people.  On  bill  (S.  1464)  creating  a  commission  to  inquire  into 
and  report  upon  the  material,  industrial,  and  intellectual  progress  made 
by  the - 

CoUina.    On  bill  (S.  1122)  for  leUef  of  Michael  H 

Oombs  and  others.  On  bill  (S.  87O)  for  the  relief  of  R.  O.  (To  accompany 
bills  8.  870and  2250) .— 

Comprobat    On  bill  (S.  1463)  for  the  relief  of  David 

Comstock.    On  lull  (8.  1242)  for  the  reUef  of  Elizabeth 

Congo  conntiy,  in  Africa.  On  S.  Mis.  Doc  59  and  S.  Joint  Res.  68  relat- 
ing to  the 

OongTHwional  elections.     {See  Federal  elections) 

OonnoUy.    On  bUl  (H.  R.  2858)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Constitotioai  of  the  United  States.  On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  19)  pro- 
posing an  amendment  to  the - 

Cook.    On  bill  (S.  1530)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  John 

Cook.    On  bill  (H.  R.  5088)  for  the  relief  of  Magdalena 

Cook.     On  biU  (S.  665)  for  the  relief  of  Patrick 

Cooper.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5889)  granting  a  pension  to  Alonzo 

Cooper,  deceased.  On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  39)  correcting  the  mili- 
tarj  record  of  Wickliffe '. 

Copiah  County,  Mississippi.    On  investigation  of  alleged  occurrences  in.. 

Copiah  County,  Mississippi  On  investigation  of  alleged  occurrences  in. 
Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) .. . 

Oorbin.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4526)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann 

CorbiiL     On  bOl  (S.  427)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  G 

Coronna,  Taussig  &  Co.    On  bill  (S.  453)  for  the  relief  of. 

Corte  de  Madera  del  Presidio.  On  bill  (S.  2124)  relative  to  the  land  in 
Marin  County,  California,  known  as 

Court  of  Claims.  On  Senate  resolution  of  February  7, 1884,  referring  cer- 
tain bills  and  petitions  to  the 

Crane.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1930)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  NiooU 

Cranston.     On  bill  (S.  514)  for  the  relief  of  S.  B... 

Craven.  On  bill  (S.  1228)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Mrs.  Marie 
Louise - 1 

Crawford.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4457)  granting  a  pension  to  J.  G 

Croishaw.     On  bUl  (S.  389)  for  the  relief  of  A.  L.  H 

Croan.     On  bill  (S.  461)  granting  a  pension  to  Warren 

Crocker.     On  bill  (S.  862)  for  the  reUef  of  Uriel 

Crook.     On  bill  (S.  458)  for  the  reHef  of  William  H 

Crozier.    On  bill  (H.  R.  1965)  granting  a  pension  to  John  A 

Crudington.    On  bill  (S.  921)  tor  the  reUef  of  Elyah 

Crumpacker.    On  bill  (S.  682)  to  rerate  the  pension  of  Zelora 

Cummin^i  &  Co.    On  bill  (S.  70)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  M 

Cummins.     On  bill  (H.  R.  314)  for  the  relief  of  John  W 

Culley.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1615)  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs  of  the  late  Lang- 
B - 


ley 


Cnimingham.     On  bill  (S.  202)  for  the  relief  of  John  L 

Cutter.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3188)  granting  a  pension  to  Amanda 

Dakota.    On  bill  (S.  1682)  relative  to  the  admission  into  the  Union  of 
the  Territory  of -- 


883 


841 
457 
238 
475 
149 
166 
351 
U 


444 
173 

572 
558 
292 

393 
746 
574 

399 
537 

898 
176 

882 

321 
512 

512 
834 
178 
132 

*485 

156 
699 
620 

597 
867 
546 
627 
505 
144 
855 
181 
375 
168 
786 

876 
471 
617 


320 


Vol. 


7 
3 
2 
3 
2 
2 
3 
1 


3 
2 

5 
5 
2 

3 

7 
5 

3 

4 
7 
2 

7 

2 

4 

4 
7 
2 
1 


2 

7 
7 

7 
7 
4 
7 
4 
1 
7 
2 
3 
2 
7 

7 
3 
7 


2 


*I]i  Ilea  of  No.  1,  which  wm  reooounltted  to  the  Committee  on  Pablio  Luids  December  10, 1888. 


VIU 


INDEX    TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Dalzel.     On  petition  of  James  M  ._ 

Dame.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3307)  granting  a  pension  to  Harriet  P . 

Danville,  Va.  On  Senate  resolutions  of  January  29 and  Febmaiy  4, 1884, 
relative  to  events  connected  with  the  election  at 

Danville,  Va.  On  resolution  of  the  Senate  to  inquire  into  all  the  circum- 
stances of,  and  connected  with,  the  allied  massacre  of  colored  men  at. 

Danville,  Va.  On  resolution  of  the  Senate  to  inquire  into  all  the  circum- 
stances of,  and  connected  with,  the  alleged  massacre  of  colored  men  at. 
Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) _ 

Davidson.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2252)  granting  a  pension  to  Chiistopher  P 

Davis.     On  bill  (H.  R.  328)  for  the  relief  of  John  P.  T 

Davis.  On  bills  (H.  R.  4368  and  S.  1226)  granting  an  increase  of  pension 
ofDr.  Samuel _ ._ 

Dawson.     On  petition  of  Joseph 

Day.     On  bill  CH.  R.  4706)  for  the  relief  of  Charlotte 

Day.    On  bill  (S.  86)  for  the  relief  of  L.  Madison , 

Day.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4188)  granting  a  pension  to  William  W 

Dayton.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1025)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah 

Dear,  deceased.  On  bill  (S.  644)  for  the  relief  of  the  administrator  of 
John  W -• 

Dear.  On  bill  (S.  644)  for  the  relief  of  the  administrator  of  the  estate 
of  John  W _ 

Dederick.     On  bUl  (S.  1019)  for  the  relief  of  Peter  K 

Delia  Torre,  heirs  of  Peter  Delia  Torre.  On  bill  (S.  294)  for  the  reUef  of 
Frank  and  SusanF - — 


Vol. 


Dennis.     On  bill  (S.  917)  granting  a  pension  to  Alida 

bUl  (H.  R.  4383)  to 


relieve  certain  soldiers  from  the 


Desertion.     On 
charge  of 

Des  Moines  River  lauds.     On  bill  (S.  559)  to  quiet  title  of  settlers  on  the. 

Dickinson.     On  bill  (S.  276)  for  the  relief  of  Perez 

Dickson.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1391)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  Eliza 

Dickson.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2017)  granting  a  pension  to  Walter 

District  of  Columbia.     On  bill  (S.  729)  for  protection  of  children  in  the. 

District  of  Columbia.  On  bill  (S.  1104)  relating  to  the 

District  of  Columbia.  On  bill  (S.  754)  in  regard  to  the  conveyance  and  de- 
vise of  real  estate  in .' 

Dodge.  On  Senate  resolution  instructing  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands 
to  investigate  the  issue  of  scrip  to  the  heirs  of  Israel 

Dodge.     On  bUl  (S.  1339)  for  the  reUef  of  William  C 

Dodge.     On  bill  (S.  1832)  for  the  relief  of  William  C 

Donahue.     On  bill  fS.  784)  granting  a  pension  to  James  S 

Donovan.     On  bill  (S.  349)  for  the  relief  of  Daniel 

Dougherty.     On  bill  (S.  905)  granting  a  pension  to  Hugh 

Douglas  Military  Reservation  in  the  Territory  of  Utah.  On  bill  (S.  478) 
authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  relinquish  to  the  Interior  Depart- 
ment certfan  parts  of  the  Camp _ 

Dresser.   On  bill  (H.  R.  1065)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  George  F. 

Droney.     On  bill  (H.  R.  759)  granting  a  pension  to  Patrick 

Dunbar.     On  bill  (S.  993)  for  the  relief  of  Maria  G 

Durrant.    On  bill  (H.  R.  5457)  granting  a  pension  to  Alicia ., 

Duties.     On  bill  (S.  719)  for  the  refunding  of  excess  of.     (See  Sugars). .. 

Dwight  and  the  legal  representatives  of  Henry  W.  Taylor.  For  the  relief  of 
D^iel  A 

Dye.     On  bill  (H.  R.  6589)  for  the  relief  of  Asa 


E. 

Eastman.    On  bill  (S.  368)  for  the  relief  of  Oscar - 

i^ton.    On  bill  (S.  468)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Mrs.  Maiy  K.  S. 

Education.     On  bill  S.  398.     {See  Schools) 

Education  and  labor.     On  bill  S.  1464.    (See  Colored  people) 

Eight-hour  law.     On  bill  (S.  2170)  relating  to  the 

Elliott.    On  bill  (S.  535)  for  the  relief  of  the  sureties  of  George  F 


368 
762 

241 

679 


579 
691 

482 

837 
125 
540 
167 
531 
702 

180 

663 
134 

311 
229 

80^ 
426 

75 
712 
793 

94 
136 

334 

136 
377 
434 

478 
177 
304 


162 
656 
704 
603 
674 
354 

735 

881 


30 
599 
101 
444 
806 
408 


3 

7 

2 
6 


6 

7 
3 

7 
1 
4 
2 
4 
7 


6 
1 

2 
2 

7 
3 
1 

7 
7 
1 
1 


1 
3 
3 
3 
2 
2 


2 
5 

7 
4 
7 
3 

7 
7 


1 
7 
1 
3 
7 
3 


INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


IX 


Subject. 


Ellis.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2979)  granting  a  pension  to  Nancy 

Ellison.     On  memorial  of  Thomas  C.     (To  accompany  bill  S.  1055) 

Emery.     On  bill  (S.  399)  for  the  relief  of  Albert  H _ 

Enli^,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Richard  Fitzpatrick,  deceased. 

On  petition  ofT.  M 

Erben,  United  States  Navy.    On  bill  (S.  1385)  for  the  relief  of  Capt.  Henry . 
Ervin.     On  bill  (S.  1025)  for  the  relief  of  William 

F. 

Farlin.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1076)  granting  a  pension  to  Miles  6 

Federal  elections.  On  bill  (S.  408)  concerning.  (To  accompany  bills  S.  408 
and  2328) 

Fenlon.     On  bill  (S.  444)  for  the  relief  of  Edward 

Fenscke.     On  bill  (H.  R.  836)  granting  a  pension  to  John  C 

Fenton.     On  biU  (S.  1103)  for  the  relief  William  H 

Fiedler.  On  bill  (S.  223)  and  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  2)  relating  to  the 
claim  of  Helen  M 

Fields.     On  petition  of  James _ _. 

First  National  Bank  of  Marion,  Iowa.     On  bill  (S.  2230)  for  the  relief  of. . 

First  National  Bank  of  Newton,  Massachnsetts.  On  bill  (S.  1331)  for  the 
relief  of  the 

First  National  Bank.  Onbill(S.  1302)  for  the  reliefofthe  Portland  (Oregon). 

First  United  States  Artillery.  Onbill(S.  1586)  for  the  reliefofthe  surriving 
numbers  of  Company  G -- 

Fish.     On  bill  (S.  264)  for  the  relief  of  Arthur  L 

Fish  and  fisheries  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  On  bill  (8.  155)  for  the  pro- 
tection of 

Fish  in  the  Potomac     On  bill  (H.  R.  3108)  to  protect  the 

Fisher.     On  bill  (S.  1147)  to  complete  the  military  record  of  Alexander.. 

Fisheries  on  the  Atlantic  coast.    On  bill  (S.  155)  for  the  protection  of 

Fitkin.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1986)  granting  a  pension  to  Frank  F 

Fitssgerald.    On  bill  (H.  R.  2i82)  to  reinstate  on  the  pension-roll  Cornelius . 

Flack.    On  bill  (H.  R.  3669)  granting  a  pension  to  Robert  M 

Flagg.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3238}  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Ellen  M 

Fletcher.     On  bill  (S.  542)  for  there^ef  of  John 

Fletcher.    On  petition  of  John 

Florence  Masonic  Lodge,  No.  14.     On  bill  (S.  1568)  for  the  reliefofthe... 

Florida.  On  bill  (S.  230)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to 
settle  the  claim  of  the  State  of 

Fluke.    On  bill  (H.  R.  5999)  granting  additional  pension  to  George  H... 

Foley.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4530)  granting  a  pension  to  Patrick 

Ford.    On  bill  (8.  978)  to  rerate  the  pension  of  John  A 

Ford.     On  bill  (S.  783)  for  the  relief  of  WUliam  G 

Ford,  administrator  of  John  G.  Robinson,  deceased.  On  bill  (S.  864)  for 
the  relief  of  William  G.. 

Foreign  relations.    On  bill  (S.  1158)  for  the  repression  of  the  opium  traffic. 

Foreign  tariff.  On  the  second  branch  of  Senate  resolution  of  Januaiy 
22, 1884,  relative  to  discriminationsagainst  the  importation  of  American 
products 

Foreigners  and  aliens  under  contract  to  perform  labor  in  the  United  States. 
On  bill  (H.  R.  2550)  to  prohibit  the  importation  and  migration  of 

Fort  Bid  well  Military  Reservation  for  cemetery  purposes.  On  bill  (S. 
1845)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  set  apart  certain  lands  at  the. 

Fort  Hays  (Kansas)  Military  Reservation.  On  bill  (H.  R.  578)  to  author- 
ize the  sale  of  a  certain  portion  of  the _ 

Fort  Selden  Military  Reservation.  On  bill  (S.  206)  granting  the  Rio 
Grande,  Mexico  and  Padfid  Railroad  Company  right  of  way  through  the. 

Fort  Smith,  Arkansas.  On  bill  (S.  768)  for  the  relief  of  the  National 
Bank  of  Western  Arkansas,  at 

Foster.  On  bill  (H.  R.  6766)  relating  to  the  pension  of  the  widow  of 
Mig.  Gen.  JohnG.     (Views  of  the  minority ) 

Foster.  On  bill  (H.  R.  6770)  proposing  an  amendment  making  an  ap- 
propriation to  compensate  John  W 


629 

116 

46 

347 
190 
682 


541 


7 
1 
1 

3 
2 

7 


746 

7 

270 

2 

864 

7 

183 

2 

111 

1 

409 

3 

701 

7 

326 

2 

573 

5 

511 

4 

659 

7 

365 

3 

700 

7 

104 

1 

706 

7 

618 

7 

860 

7 

538 

4 

595 

7 

329 

2 

634 

7 

585 

7 

109 

1 

643 

7 

875 

7 

725 

7 

146 

1 

490 

3 

394 

3 

561 

5 

620 

7 

528 

4 

514 

4 

451 

3 

844 

7 

718 

7 

566 

5 

INDEX    TO   REPORTS   OP   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Fourth  of  July  claims.     {Se^  Claims) 

Frailey  and  De  Verae.     On  bill  (S.  1393)  for  the  relief  of. 

Frambesand  others.     On  petition  of  Maylon  C - 

Francesco.     On  bill  (S.  1033)  for  the  relief  of  Eliza 

Franklin,  executor  of  the  last  will  of  John  Armfi^ld.    On  bill  (S.  491)  for 

thereliefof  John  W 1 

Fraser.     On  bill  (S.  830)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Freeman.     On  bill  (S.  1526)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  A 

French.     On  petition  of  Mary  J - 

French  spoliation  claims.     On  bill  (S.  250  )re]ating  to  the 

Frick.     On  bill  (S.  1920)  to  authorize  the  President  to  appoint  as  an 

assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army  Dr.  A.  P 

Frick.     On  bill  (S.  82)  for  the  relief  of  George  — 

Fuller.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5795)  increosing  the  pension  of  Charles  A 

G. 

Galbraith.     On  petition  of  citizens  of  Iowa  in  &yor  of  granting  a  pen- 
sion to  David 

Galbraith.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4818)  for  the  relief  of  Rose  Ann 

Galloup.     On  bill  (H.  R.  555)  granting  a  pension  to  John 

Gamble.     On  bill  (S.  436)  for  the  relief  of  William  J 

Gano.     On  bill  (S.  587)  granting  a  pension  to  Phineas 

General  Land  Office.    On  bill  (S.  554)  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the 

General  Land  Office.     On  bill  (S.  502)  to  increase  the  salary  of  the  Com- 
missioner and  to  create  certain  offices  in  the 

Georgia.     On  bill  (8.  595)  to  repay  the  State  of_ 

Georgia.     On  bill  (S.  601)  to  provide  for  the  hearing  and  determining  of 
certain  claims  of  the  State  of 

Georgia.     On  bill  (S.  1948)  to  require  the  payment  of  cash  to  the  State  of.  . 

Gibson.     On  bill  (S.  922)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Gilmore.     On  bill  (S.  2321)  for  the  relief  of  Bessie  S 

Ginesi.     On  bill  (S.  571)  for  the  relief  of  C 

Ginn.     On  petition  of  Anna.    (To  accompany  S.  2350) 

Glasgow,  Mo.     On  bill  (S.  382)  for  the  relief  of  the  city  of. 

Glass.     On  bill  (S.  662)  relative  to  Commander  Henry 

Glick.     On  bill  (S.  1971)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Catharine  H 

Goddard.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5544)  for  the  relief  of  Laura 

Golden.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5070)  granting  a  pension  to  Temple 

Golladay  and  John  W.  Bowling.     On  bill  (S.  171)  for  the  relief  of  J.  S— 

Gordon.     On  bill  (S.  650)  for  the  relief  of  Elizabeth 

Governors  of  Territories.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4713)  relating  to  appointment  of. 

Goyaux.     On  bill  (S.  588)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Lucien 

Grammar.     On  the  petition  of  citizens  of  Howell  County,  Missouri,  asking 
thatapension  be  granted  to  John  W 

Grand  Army  Posts.     On  bill  (S.  1219)  to  donate  condemned  cannon  to 
various - 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.     On  bill  (S.  1522)  granting  cannon  to  R. 
H.  Graham  Post  of  the. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Department  of  Michigan.     On  bill  (S.  2076) 
to  donate  condemned  cannon-balls  to  Post  41 

Grant.     On  bill  (S.  1972)  for  the  reHef  of  Edway  A 

Gray.     On  bill  (S.  1339)  granting  a  pension  to  Frank 

Gray.     On  bill  (S.  1208)  for  the  relief  of  William  G 

Grivot.     On  bill  (S.  87)  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs  of  Maurice 

Groves.     On  bill  (S.  1593)  granting  a  pension  to  Joseph 

Guilbeau.     On  bill  (S.  520)  for  the  relief  of  Francis 

Gwynne.     On  bill  (S.  1360)  granting  a  pension  to  Nina  D 


No. 


H. 

Haeberle.     On  bill  (8.  1865)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Minna. 
Hagadom.     On  petition  of  F.  L... 


790 
628 
866 
92 
28 
150 


Vol. 


656 

7 

282 

2 

165 

2 

57 

1 

41 

1 

69 

1 

623 

7 

556 

5 

306 

2 

446 

3 

55 

1 

822 

7 

7 
7 
7 
1 
I 
2 


151 

2 

124 

1 

207 

2 

592 

7 

184 

2 

789 

7 

113 

1 

809 

7 

22 

1 

140 

1 

783 

7 

889 

7 

692 

7 

492 

4 

83 

1 

496 

4 

516 

4 

717 

7 

248 

2 

249 

2 

507 

4 

681 

7 

467 

3 

739 

7 

68 

1 

448 

3 

122 

1 

412 

3 

723 

7 

308 

2 

INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XI 


Subject. 


HMkeU. 


HifleU. 
Haasell. 


HAle,  administrator.     On  bill  (S.  1254)  for  the  relief  of  Apollos 

Haley.    On  bUl  (S.  798)  for  the  relief  of  WUliam  D 

Hall.    OnbUl  (S.  473)  for  the  relief  of  Francid 

Hall.    On  bill  (H.  R.  2091)  granting  a  pension  to  Rebecca 

Hall.    On  bill  (S.  1430)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  C 

HalL    On  bill  (S.  788)  for  the  relief  of  Warren 

Hamlin.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2070)  granting  a  pension  to  Decator 

Hammer.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1977)  for  the  relief  of  Maria  L 

Hanoockf  administrator  of  J.  J.  Polliman,  deceased,  for  the  relief  of  W.  J. 

Harbin.     On  bill  (S.  1099)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  M 

Harp.     On  bill  (S.  1177)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  G^orgetta 

Hargrave.     On  bill  (8.  361)  granting  a  pension  to  John  C 

Harper's  Ferry.     On  bill  (H.  R.  16&)  authorizing  and  directing  sale  of 
the  real  estate  and  riparian  rights  now  owned  by  the  United  States  at.. 

Harriman.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5485)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Samantha.. 

Harris.     On  bills  (S.  1325  and  H.  R.  2136)  granting  an  increase  of  pen- 
sion to  Martin  C _ 

Harris.     On  bill  (H.  R.  433)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Simpson 

Harrison.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1^25)  granting  a  pension  to  Helen  M ^. 

Hart.     On  bill  (S.  557)  for  the  relief  of  John  A 

Harvey.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1491)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  L 

On  bill  (S.  1627)  granting  a  pension  to  Flavia  A 

On  bill  (S.  429)  granting  an  increase  of  pensi<m  to  Laura  C.  T. 

On  bill  (8.  1118)  forthe  reUef  of  Louisa  H 

On  bill  (H.  R.  6085)  granting  a  pension  to  John  A... 

Ha^eld.     On  biU  (8.  295)  for  the  relief  of  Alfred  G 

Hawaiian  Islands.     On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  27)  relating  to  the  reci- 
procity treaty  of  January  30,  1875,  between  the  United  States  and  the 

of  the 

Islands.  On  joint  resolution  (8.  Res.  27)  relating  to  the  reci- 
procity treaty  of  January  30,  1875,  between  the  United  States  and  the 
King  of  the.     (Part  2) _. 

Hawk.     On  bill  (8.  1437)  to  remove  the  charge  of  desertion  from  the 
military  record  of  David  A 

Hawk.     On  bill  (H.  R.  284)  forthe  reHefof  Mary  G 

Hawkins.     On  bill  (U.  R.  2358)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Hawkins.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3838)  granting  a  pension  to  Theodore  C 

Hawley  A  Sons.     On  bill  (S.  1170)  for  the  relief  of  Richard 

Hays.     On  bill  (S.  939)  for  the  relief  of  Ezra 

Hays.     On  bUl  (8.  356)  for  the  reUef  of  MiUieE 

Henderson.     On  bill  (H.  R.  503)  granting  a  pension  to  Hiram  C 

Henderson.     On  petition  of  Matilda — 

Henry.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2425)  granting  a  pension  to  Catharine 

Henry.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4767)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  A 

Henry  and  others.     On  bill  (8.  537)  for  the  relief  of  J.  A 

Hercher.     On  bill  (8.  2193)  granting  a  pension  to  Ferdinand 

Hess.     On  bill  (S.  1444)  granting  a  pension  to  William  J 

Hill.     On  bill  (8.  1419)  for  the  relief  of  Rupert  G 

Hilliard.     On  bill  (8.  1363)  granting  a  pension  to  Frank  8..:. 

Hillman.     On  bill  fS.  1859)  granting  a  pension  to  Clarinda  8 

Hinman.     On  bill  (8.  1676)  granting  a  pension  to  John  F 

Hlnn.     On  bill  (S.  745)  granting  a  pension  to  Lewis -_ 

Hobson.     On  bill  (8.  677)  for  the  relief  of  Hadley 

Hogarty.     On  bUl  (8.  642)  for  the  relief  of  William  P 

Hollyfield.     On  bill  (8.  485)  granting  a  pension  to  L.  V-_ 

Hplroyd.     On  bill  (8. 1366)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Elizabeth 

Hopperton.     On  bill  (8.  1225)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary 

Horan.     (hi  bill  (H.  R.  283)  granting  a  pension  to  Patrick 

Horgon.     On  biU  (H.  R.  4164)  for  the  relief  of  Ellen 

Horwitz,  trustee  of  C.  D.  De  Ford  &  Ck>.     On  bill  (8.  562)  for  relief  of... 

Hoose  of  Representatives.     Authorizing  the  alteration  of  a  word  in  the 
enroUed  bUl  (H.  R.  2344)  for  the  reUef  of  Melissa  O.  Polar 


No. 

Vol. 

216 

1 

2 

lOo 

1 

52 

1 

869 

7 

777 

7 

269 

2 

890 

7 

792 

7 

520 

4 

309 

2 

740 

7 

54 

1 

770 

7 

817 

7 

• 

744 

7 

646 

7 

610 

7 

196 

2 

668 

7 

765 

7 

258 

2 

273 

2 

810 

7 

119 

1 

78 


76 


716 


439 

3 

877 

7 

815 

7 

530 

4 

274 

2 

202 

2 

77 

1 

880 

7 

370 

3 

798 

7 

852 

7 

17 

1 

644 

7 

664 

7 

386 

3 

509 

4 

685 

7 

480 

3 

163 

2 

677 

7 

157 

2 

260 

2 

440 

3 

560 

5 

602 

7 

639 

7 

502 

4 

XII 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Howard.     On  biU  (H.  R.  601)  for  the  relief  of  Hiram  M 

Howard.     On  bUl  (S.  1071)  for  the  relief  of  JamesR 

Huckaby.     On  biU  (S.  1267)  for  the  relief  of  Alfred 

Haested.     On  bill  (S.  615)  granting  arrears  of  pension  to  Wellington  V.. 

Haghes.     On  bill  (S.  314)  granting  a  pension  to  John  C 

Hnmmer.     On  bill  (S.  1176)  granting  a  pension  to  John  K 

Hunt.     On  bill  (S.  1290)  granting  a  pension  to  William  H 

Hunter.     On  bill  (H.  R.  ^93)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann 

Hunter.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1897)  granting  a  pension  to  Catherine 

Hurst.     On  bUl  (S.  968)  for  the  relief  of  Fielding 

Husband.    On  bill  (H.  R.  5894)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Maiy  Morris.. 

I. 

Idaho.  On  bill  (S.  1304)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  War  to  ascertain 
the  expenses  incurred  in  the  suppression  of  Indian  hostilities  by  the 
Territorial  authorities  and  the  people  of... _ 

Indian  Territory  and  the  State  of  Texas.  On  bill  f  H.  R.  1565)  to  author- 
ize the  appointment  of  a  commission  to  run  and  mark  the  boundary 
lines  between  a  portion  of  the 

Indians  who  were  parties  to  the  treaty  at  Buff&lo  Creek,  New  York.  On 
bill  (S.  467)  to  provide  for  a  settlement  with  the 

Ingersol.     On  petition  of  Norman  J 

Inspector-General's  Department  of  the  Army.  On  bill  (H.  R.  1017)  in 
relation  to  the 

Iowa  Indian  Reservation  in  the  States  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  On  bill 
(S.  1108)  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the 

Irvine  &  Field.    On  petition  of  the  personal  representatives  of 

Irving.     On  bill  (H.  R.  6677)  to  increase  the  pension  of  William 


No. 


616 

7 

587 

7 

285 

2 

259 

2 

85 

1 

218 

2 

722 

7 

884 

7 

799 

7 

349 

3 

710 

7 

J. 


Jacobs. 
Jacobs. 
Jaeger. 
Jarboe. 
Jarratt. 


On  petition  of  Mrs.  Electa  W 

On  petition  of  Enoch.     (To  accompany  bill  S.  1983) 

On  bill  rS.  439)  for  the  relief  of  George  A 

On  bill  (S.  279)  granting  a  pension  to  Alfred  M 

On  bill  (S.  492)  for  the  relief  of  Sallie 

Jeannette.     On  bill  (S.  1039)  for  the  relief  of  the  survivors  of,  and  the 
widows  and  children  of  those  who  perished  in  the  retreat  from  the 

wreck  of  the  exploring  steamer 

Jeffers.     On  bill  (1337)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Lucy  L.  G 

Jeflfrey.     On  bill  (S.  756)  for  the  relief  of  Rosa  Vertney 

Jehle.     On  bill  (S.  777)  granting  a  pension  to  Albert 

Jennings.     On  bill  (S.  510)  for  the  relief  of  B 

Jobes.     On  bill  (S.  1696)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Richard 

Jobes.     On  bill  (H.  R.  6530)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Richard 

Johnson  and  ol^hers.     On  bill  (S.  2099)  for  the  relief  of  Hiram 

Jones.     On  bill  (S.  1222)  for  the  relief  of  John 


Jones.     On  bill  (S.  269)  for  the  relief  of  M.  P. 

Jones.     On  bill  (H.  R.  394)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Mary  C. 

Jones.     On  bill  (S.  273)  for  the  relief  of  the  administrator  of  the  estate  of 

Thomas , 

Joyce.     On  bill  (S.  837)  for  the  relief  of  Mary 

Judge-advocates.     On  bill  (S.  899)  to  provide  promotion  in  the  corps  of. 

(To  accompany  bills  S.  899  and  1541) 

Judge-advocates.     On  bills  (S.  838,  899, 1541)  to  provide  promotions  in 

the  corps  of 

Judges.     On  bill  (S.  178)  to  repeal  section  714  of  the  Revised  Statutes 

allowing  pensions  to 

Judicial  districts  in  the  State  of  Texas.    On  bill  (H.  R.  6074)  to  change 

the  eastern  and  northern 

Judflon.     On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  3)  for  the  relief  of  the  widow  and 

children  of  John  W 


407 


576 


Vol. 


761 

7 

450 

3 

847 

7 

232 

2 

48 

1 

888 

7 

268 

2 

419 

3 

34 

1 

84 

1 

333 

2 

143 

1 

557 

5 

396 

3 

89 

1 

198 

2 

631 

7 

675 

7 

466 

3 

296 

2 

25 

1 

632 

7 

123 

1 

82 

1 

189 

2 

221 

2 

10 

1 

575 

5 

802 

7 

INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XIII 


Subject. 


K. 

KaXer.    On  bill  (H.  R.  2312)  granting  a  pension  to  Almira  B 

Kane.    On  bill  (H.  R.  6529)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Kansas.  On  bill  (S.  1527)  directing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  deliver  four 
pieces  of  Napoleon  gnns  to  the  governor  of 

Kansas.  On  bill  (S.  551)  to  extend  the  laws  of  the  United  States  over 
certain  nnorganiased  territory  south  of  the  State  of. 

Kansas  City,  Fort  Soott  and  Gnlf  Railroad  Company.  On  joint  resolu- 
tion (S.  Res.  21)  for  the  relief  of  the _ 

Kelley.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1056)  granting  a  pension  to  Honora 

Kellogg.     On  bill  (S.  545)  for  the  relief  of  the  widow  of  Col.  Lyman  M.. 

Kelly.     On  bill  (S.  909)  to  increase  pension  to  Martin 

KenoCsky.     On  petition  of  Martin.    (To  accompany  bill  S.  1596) 

Keys.     On  bill  (S.  1798)  for  the  relief  of  Edward  L 

Key  West,  Fla.  On  bill  (S.  779)  for  a  survey  and  estimate  for  a  railroad 
from  the  mainland  to 

Kilpatrick.  On  bills  (H.  R.  4707  and  S.  1657)  granting  a  pension  to 
LoniAa  y.  de _ -_ 


King.     On  bill  (H.  R.  267)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

King.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2049)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Kingsbury.     On  bOl  (S.  1140)  for  the  relief  of  Lieut.  George  W 

Kinkead.     On  bUl  (8.  1580)  for  the  relief  of  John  H 

Kinney,  administrator  of  David  Ballentine.     On  bill  (S.  392)  for  the  re- 
lief of  Joseph 

Kirk.     On  bill  (S.  962)  granting  a  pension  to  James  M 

Knowles.     On  bill  (S.  1107)  for  the  reUef  of  John  A 

Konkle.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4568)  granting  a  pension  to  Andrew  J 

Kramer.     On  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  17)  authorizing  the  appointment 
and  retirement  in  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  of  Samuel 


L. 

Labor.     On  bill  (S.  140)  toestablish  a  Bureau  of  Statistics  of. 

Lally.     On  bill  (S.  1181)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann 

Land  grants.     On  bill  (S.  1445)  relating  to  forfeited 

Landram.     On  bill  (S.  1719)  to  rerate  the  pension  of  Lawrence  P.  H..-» 

Lands.     On  bill  (S.  60)  to  declare  subject  to  taxation  certain 

(Mich.)  Women's  Soldiers'  Monument  Association.    On  bill  (S. 
2075)  granting  condemned  cannon  to  the..- 

Lanffer.     On  bUl  (H.  R.  1075)  granting  a  pension  to  Caroline. -_ 

Lanter.     On  biU  (H.  R.  2400)  for  the  relief  of  Judith 

Lawler.     On  bill  (H.  R.  229)  granting  a  pension  to  Elizabeth  H 

Leather.     On  bill  (S.  253)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Lee.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1752)  granting  a  pension  to  Maria  L ^ 

Lee.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1073)  granting  a  pension  to  William  J 

Leet     On  bill  (H.  R.  2608)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Sarah.. 

Leissring.    On  bill  (H.  R.  5636)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Otto. 

Lennon.    On  bill  (8.  976)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Peter 

Lennon.     On  bill  (H.  R.  796)  for  the  increase  of  the  pension  of  Peter... 

Leon.    On  bill  (S.  1411)  for  the  relief  of  Santiago  de 

Lescbot.  On  bill  (S.  419)  for  the  extension  of  letters  patent  to  the  heirs 
of  Rudolph 

Letter-carriers.     On  bill  (S.  1727)  to  grant  leaves  of  absence  to 

Lewis.  On  bill  (S.  1858)  increasing  the  pension  of  Henrietta  A.  (Views 
of  the  minority ) 

Lewis.     On  bill  fS.  690)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  A 

Lewis.     On  bill  (H.  R.  819)  sranting  an  increase  of  pension  toMerritt... 

Lewis.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4700ygranting  a  pension  to  Simon  E 

Lewis,  administrator  of  Gabriel  Nendecker.  On  bill  (S.  1417)  authoriz- 
ing the  Commissioner  of  Patents  to  extend  letters  patent  numbered 
70012  to 

Lockwoodand  others.     On  petition  of  Bel va  A -- 


849 
794 

253 

90 


Vol. 


711 


7 
7 


14 

1 

832 

7 

256 

2 

231 

2 

206 

2 

445 

3 

415 

3 

5C1 

4 

784 

7 

800 

7 

160 

2 

561 

5 

40 

1 

469 

3 

182 

2 

863 

7 

102 

1 

754 

7 

305 

2 

667 

7 

88 

1 

506 

4 

611 

7 

598 

7 

755 

7 

47 

1 

896 

7 

821 

7 

651 

7 

840 

7 

360 

3 

614 

7 

518 

4 

213 

2 

456 

3 

719 

7 

71 

1 

818 

7 

856 

7 

400 

3 

169 

2 

% 


XIV 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


569 
658 
295 
749 

250 


Long  and  Mrs.  Mary  K.  Brevard.  On  bill  (S.  1233)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs. 
Ellen  CaU 

Lottery  advertisements.  On  bill  (S.  1017)  to  prohibit  the  mailing  of 
newspapers  and  other  publications  containing 

Louisville,  Ky.  On  bill  (S.  1978)  relating  to  the  partition  of  certain  land 
in 

Love  and  WyaU  Gilschrist.  On  bill  (H.  R.  1714)  for  the  relief  of  Over- 
ton   . 

Low.     On  bill  (8.  1418)  for  the  relief  of  EvalinaT •- 

Lynch.     On  bill  (8.  823)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas 

Lyon.     On  bill  (8.  2011)  granting  b  pension  to  Mary  M 

Lytle.  On  bill  (8.  1517)  granting  eight  condemned  cannon  to  be  used  in 
the  erection  of  a  statue  to  the  memory  of  General  William  H 

M. 

McBlair.     On  bill  (S.  2233)  for  the  relief  of  John  HoUins 

McCamey.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3331)  for  the  relief  of  Ann..— 

McCay.     On  bill  (8.  313)  granting  a  pension  to  Charlotte 

McClintock.     On  bill  (8.  919)  for  the  relief  of  John  M 

McClure.    On  petition  of  William 

McConnell.    Ota  bill  (H.  R.  2623)  granting  a  pension  to  Arthur  I... 

McCoy.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1436)  granting  a  pension  to  William  T 

McCnllach.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1411)  granting  a  pension  to  Martha  M.  B... 

McDougal.     On  bill  (8.  531)  granting  a  pension  to  CarolineM 

McElroy  &  Proech.     On  bill  (8.  954)forthe  relief  of. 

McFalls.    On  bill  (8.  1446)  granting  a  pension  to  Lou  Gobright 

McGowan.     On  bill  (8.  376)  for  the  relief  of  Henry 

McGuckian.    On  bill  (8.  266)  granting  a  pension  to  Joseph 

McKay,  George  M.  Clapp,  and  the  executors  of  Donald  McKay.  On  bill 
(S.724)  for  relief  of  Nathaniel 

McKenney.    On  bill  (H.  R.  5675)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Susan  J 

McLaughlin.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3737)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann 

McLaughlin.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2393)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Mary 

McMahon.     On  bill  (8.  1319)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas _ 

McNair.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3613)  granifng  a  pension  to  Ira... 

McNamara.     On  bill  (8.  1352)  for  the  relief  of  WiUiam 

McNeills.     On  bUl  (8.  806)  for  the  reUef  of  John 

MacBlair.    On  bill  (H.  R.  2677)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  P 

MacDougaL     On  bill  (S.  604)  for  the  relief  of  George 

Mack.     On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2536)  granting  a  pension  to  Michael 

Maddox  and  others.     On  bill  (8.  1073)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  H 

Maddox  and  others.     On  bill  (8.  2209)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  H 

Madison  Female  Academy,  of  Richmond,  Ky.  On  bill  (8. 1130)  for  the 
relief  of 

Maies.    On  bill  {S.  1923)  granting  a  pension  to  Clarissa  T 

Mail  contractors.  On  joint  resolution  (8.  Res.  13)  to  pay  certain  South- 
em  

Mails.  On  bill  (8. 1450)  to  devise  a  more  complete  system  of  ganging  the 
rates  of  pay  for  carrying  the 

Mallory.     On  bill  (8. 10^)  granting  a  pension  to  Sally 

Manchester,  Ky.  On  bill  (8. 13)  for  the  relief  of  owners  of  certain  salt- 
works near 

Manning.    On  petition  of  William  H _ 

Marden.     On  bill  (8.  1823)  granting  a  pension  to  Ebeneser  K 

Marion,  Iowa.  On  bill  (8.  2230)  for  the  relief  of  the  First  National  Bank 
of- 

Marion.    On  bill  (8.  990)  granting  pension  to  John  D 

Marsh.     On  bUl  (8.  1031)  for  the  relief  of  W.  C 

Marshall.  On  act  of  Congress  of  March  10, 1882,  to  authorize  the  erec- 
tion of  a  statue  of  Chief-Justice 

Marshall.     On  bill  (H.  R.  569)  granting  a  pension  to  Reuben 

Marti.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4697)  for  the  relief  of  Rudolph  John 


Vol. 

1 
2 

5 

5 

7 
2 
7 


688 

7 

731 

'7 

300 

2 

224 

2 

374 

3 

823 

7 

829 

7 

753 

7 

340 

2 

365 

3 

853 

7 

37 

1 

220 

2 

591 

7 

830 

7 

816 

7 

645 

7 

215 

2 

779 

7 

225 

2 

197 

2 

562 

5 

397 

3 

801 

7 

547 

4 

589 

7 

204 

2 

525 

4 

322 

2 

379 

3 

62 

1 

99 

1 

127 

1 

a3i 

7 

701 

7 

449 

3 

272 

2 

544 

4 

474 

3 

604 

7 

INDEX   TO    REPORXa  OF   COMMITTEES. 


XV 


Subject. 


Mirtin.     On  petition  of  James 

Maryland  and  Viiginia.     Oq  bill  (S.  961)  to  provide  for  paying  certain 

advances  made  to  the  United  States  by  the  States  of 

Hasten.     On  bill  (S.  506)  for  the  relief  of  Claude  H 

May.     On  bill  (S.  1844)  icran ting  a  pension  to  Bohn  T 

Mayer.     On  petition  of  Fredrick 

Maynadier.     On  bUl  (S.  300)  for  the  reUef  of  M%j.  WUliamM'. 

Meands.    On  bill  (S.  742)  granting  a  pension  to  Nathan  L 

Meats  for  export.     On  bill  (S.  1876)  providing  for  an  inspection  of 

Medical  Department  of  the  Army.     On  bill  (S.  345)  relative  to  promotions 

in  the - 


Medical  Dejiartment  of  the  Army.*  On  bill  (8.  789)  relative  to  computing 
the  longevity  pay  of  officers  of  the 

Meech.     On  bill  (S.  711)  granting  a  pension  to  Phoebe  H 

Meier.     On  bill  (S.  546)  granting  a  reratingof  pension  to  Jacob 

Meis.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5976)  for  the  relief  of  Catharine 

Menomonee  tribe  of  Indians  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin.  On  bill  (S.  460) 
to  authorize  the  sale  of  timber  on  certain  lands  reserved  for  the  use 
of  the 


Merchants     On  bill  (S.  602)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  Lupkin 

MerrilL     On  bill  (S.  2168)  for  the  relief  of  Ayres  P 

Methodist  Episcopal  Churches.    On  monoriais  of  the  trustees  of  various 

Methodist  Episcopal  Churches  in  the  State  of  Virginia... 

Meyer.     On  bUl  (S.  558)  for  the  relief  of  Isaac  A. 

Middleton.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2702)  for  the  leUef  of  EUida  J.    (Views  of  the 

minority) 

Military  academy  west  of  the  Mississippi  River.    On  resolution  of  the 

Senate  of  December  5,  1883,  instructing  the  Committee  on  Indian  Af- 

fiurs  to  inquire  into  the  policy  and  expediency  of  creating  a 

Military  Reservation  at  Fort  Smith,  Ark.     On  bill  (S.  258)  donating  to 

the  city  of  Fort  Smith  a  part  of  the  abandoned 

Military  reservations.    On  bill  (S.  1581)  relating  to  abandoned 

Militaiy  reservations.     On  bill  (S.  1581)  for  the  disposal  of  abandoned 

and  useless 

Militia.     On  bill  (S.  156)  to  provide  arms  for  the 

MUlard.    On  bill  (H:  R.  3936)  forthe  lelief  of  Benjamin  F 

Miller.     On  bills  (S.  1674  and  H.  R.  4417)  granting  a  pension  to  Jacob.. 

MiUer.    On  bUl  (S.  494)  for  the  relief  of  Nancy 

Miller.     On  bill  (S.  1361)  giving  a  military  record  to  Thomas 

Millikin.     On  biU  (H.  R.  4492)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Pauline  £ 

Mills.     On  bill  (S.  735)  for  the  relief  of  Charles  S 

Milaom,  Henry  Spendelow,  and  Geoige  V.  Watson.    On  petition  of  G^ige. 

(To  accompany  bill  S.  638) 

Milsom,  Henry  Spendelow,  and  G^rge  V.  Watson.    On  petition  of  George. 

(To  accompany  bill  S.  63a)     (Part  2) 

MUaom,  Henry  Spendelow,  and  Geoige  V.  Watson .    On  petition  of  George. 

(To  accompany  biUS.  638.)  (Part  3) 

Miner.     On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1077)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah 

Minor,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  John  Saf.    On  bill  (S.  422)  for  the 

relief  of  Isaac - - 

Missouri.    On  bill  (S.  940)  relating  to  the  daims  of  the  State  of. 

Missouri  Home  Guards.    On  bill  (S.  1518)  to  furnish  certificates  of  dis- 

charige  to  certain  members  of , 

Mississippi  River  improvements 

Mobile  Marine  Dock  Company.    On  bill  (S.  714)  for  the  relief  of. 

Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroad  Company.     On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  4)  to 

provide  forthe  settlement  of  accounts  with  the 

Moline,  HL    On  bUl  (S.  1522)  granting  cannon  to  the  R.  H.  Graham  Post 

of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  of.- 

Monitor.    On  bill  (S.  867)  for  the  relief  of  the  officers  and  crew  of  the 

United  States  steamer 

Monroe.    On  bill  (S.  156)  granting  a  pension  to  Emily -. 


Vol. 


758 

680 
843 
636 
715 
110 
81 
345 

341 

317 

695 
298 
826 


60 
696 
521 

489 
112 

713 


348 

9 
193 

242 

61 

529 

671 

51 

271 

886 

38 

79 

79 

79 
871 

96 
108 

214 

36 

565 

217 

249 

153 

56 


7 
7 
7 
7 
1 
1 
3 


2 
7 

2 

7 


1 
7 
4 

3 
1 


1 
2 

2 
1 
4 
7 
1 
2 
7 
1 


1 

7 

1 
1 

1 
5 


2 
1 


XVI 


INDEX    TO    REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Montague.     OnbiU  (S.  726)  for  the  relief  of  Calvin  S 

Montana.  On  bill  (S.  1706)  to  accept  and  ratify  an  agreement  with  cer- 
tain Indian  tribes  for  the  sale  of  a  portion  of  their  reservation  in  the  Ter- 
ritory of - 

Montana.  On  bill  (S.  1921)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  adjust 
and  settle  the  account  for  arms,  ammunition,  &c.,  for  the  Territory  of.. 

Monteith,  deceased.     On  bill  (S.  516)  to  adjust  the  accounts  of  John  B.. 

Montgomery.     On  bill  (S.  1356)  for  the  relief  of  Caroline  M._- _. 

Montgomery.     On  bill  (S.  896)  for  the  relief  of  Pearson  C 

Montgomery.     On  bill  (S.  509)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Robert  H.. 

Montgomery.     On  bill  (S.  1047)  for  the  relief  of  Wesley 

Moore,  late  United  States  consul  at  Callao.  On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res. 
37)  for  the  relief  of  the  widow  of  GcneralJesse  H -'_. 

Morford.     On  bill  (S.  280)  granting  a  pension  to  Wesley 

Morgan.     On  bill  (S.  2132)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  P 

Moi^n.     On  bills  (S.  63  and  583)  for  the  relief  of  WiUiam  H 

Morris.     On  bUl  (S.  2172)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Clara 

Morrison.     On  bill  (S.  895)  for  the  relief  of  J.  D 

Moses.     On  bill  (S.  1148)  for  the  relief  of  WUliam  B 

Moas.     On  bill  (S.  493)  for  the  relief  of  C.  S 

Moss.     On  bill  (S.  360)  granting  a  pension  to  Maria  Louise 

Mower.     On  bill  (H.  R.  137)  granting  increase  of  pension  to  Betsey  A 

MuUin.     On  bill  (S.  1897)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Murphy.     On  joint  resolution  (S.  Kes.  56)  for  the  relief  of  Martin  and  P.  B. . 

Murray.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1433)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  E 

Myrick,  Joseph  and  Charles  M.  Dailey,  William  H.  Forbes,  and  Louis 
Roberto  &  Co.     On  biU  (S.  2300)  for  the  relief  of  Nathan 

N." 

Nance.     On  bUl  (S.  758)  for  thereUef  of  William  L 

Natchez  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum.     On  bill  (S.  401)  for  the  relief  of  the. 

National  Bank  of  Western  Arkansas.     {See  Fort  Smith,  Ark. ) 

National  Guard  of  Alaba  ma.     (See  Al  abama  National  Guard ) 

National  Guard  of  Alabama.     {See  Alabama  National  Guard) .- 

National  trades- unions.     On  bill  (8.  1457)  to  legalize  the  incorporation  of. 

Naval  Academy.  On  bill  (H.  R.  2265)  to  equalize  the  rank  of  graduates 
of - _ 

Naval  officers.     On  bill  (S.  1385)  for  the  relief  of  certain 

Navy.  On  bill  (S.  698)  to  authorize  the  construction  of  additional  steel 
vessels  for  the 

Nebraska.    On  bill  (8.  483)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  of. 

Nebraska  and  Kansas.  On  bill  (8.  57)  for  the  relief  of  settlers  and  pur- 
chasers of  lands  on  the  public  domain  in  the  States  of .... 

Nevada.  On  bill  (8.  657)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to 
settle  and  adjust  the  expense  of  Indian  wars  in 

Nevada.     On  bill  (S.  655)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  of. 

Newton,  Mass.  On  bill  (8.  1331)  for  the  relief  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of. 

New  York.  On  joint  resolutions  (H.  Res.  210  and  8.  Res.  86)  requiring 
the  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  certain  muster-rolls  to  the  governor  of 
the  State  of 

Nez  Perc6  Indians.  On  bill  (8.  512)  for  the  relief  of  citizens  of  Oregon, 
Washington,  Idaho,  and  Montana  who  served  in  connection  with  the 
United  States  troops  in  the  war  with  the 

Nicholls.     On  bill  (8.  1159)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Eunice  8 

Noble.     On  bill  (8.  484)  granting  a  pension  to  Charles  H 

Noble.     On  petition  of  Samuel 

North  Carolina.  On  joint  resolution  (8.  Res.  76)  authorizing  the  Secretary 
of  War  to  loan  the  governor  certain  tente,  &c. ,  for  the  use  of  the  militia  of. 

Northem  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  On  bill  (8.  2036)  to  forfeit  the  un- 
earned lands  granted  to  the 

Northup.    On  petition  of  Captain  Anson _ 


103 


262 


487 

3 

263 

2 

600 

7 

332 

2 

350 

3 

336 

2 

278 

2 

338 

2 

488 

3 

286 

2 

586 

7 

223 

2 

129 

1 

281 

2 

297 

2 

769 

7 

625 

7 

472 

3 

363 

3 

771 


326 


747 


Vol. 


330 

2 

331 

2 

844 

7 

654 

7 

655 

7 

857 

7 

734 

7 

190 

2 

161 

2 

170 

2 

131 

1 

406 

3 

550 

4 

337 

2 

742 

7 

477 

3 

593 

7 

417 

3 

804 

7 

410 

3 

I 


INDEX   TO    REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


XVII 


Subject. 


Norton.     On  bill  (S.  56)  for  the  relief  of  Lieut.  C.  C 

Xntt    On  bill  (H.  R.  2419)  granting  a  pension  to  Robert 

O. 

O'Brien.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5888)  granting  a  pension  to  Ellen 

O'Brien.     On  bill  (S.  924)  for  the  relief  of  First  Lieut.  M 

O'Brien.     On  bill  (S.  1220)  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs  of  Michael 

Officers  and  employ^  of  the  two  Houses  of  Congress.  To  adjust  and 
equalize  the  salaries  of. 

Ogden.     On  bill  (S.  920)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Ohio.  On  joint  resolutions  (H.  Res.  210  and  S.  Res.  86)  requiring  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  to  furnish  certain  mnster-roUs  to  the  State  of 

Oklahoma  lands  in  the  Indian  Territory.  On  petitions  to  open  for  settle- 
ment the 

Ord.    On  bill  (H.  R.  1569)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Marv  M 

Oregon.     On  bill  (S.  511)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  of. I 

Oregon  Central  Railroad  Company.  On  bill  (S.  428)  relating  to  the  act 
making  a  grant  in  aid  of  the 

Oregon  Volunteers.     On  bill  (S.  262)  relating  to  the  muster-rolls  of  the.. 

O'Shea.     On  bill  (S.  2118)  granting  a  pension  to  James  E 

Otis,  administrator  de  bonis  non  .of  Roger  A.  Hiern.  For  the  relief  of 
Robert 

Overmire.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1756)  granting  a  pension  to  George 


P. 

Palmer.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5553)  granting  a  pension  to  Isabella 

Fftlmer.     On  bill  (S.  1287)  for  the  relief  of  Juliet  H -_ 

Palmer.     On  bill  (S.  1648)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Sallie  H 

Parsons  A  Co.,  of  New  York.     On  letter  of 

Pate  &  Co.     On  biU  (8.  528)  for  the  relief  of  WUliam  T : 

Patterson.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4689)  for  the  relief  of  Eliza  W 

Pattison  &  Caldwell.     On  bUl  (S.  956)  for  the  relief  of. 

Patton.     On  bill  (S.  828)  granting  a  pension  to  Thomas 

Paymasters*  clerks,  United  States  Army.     On  bill  (S.  207)  relating  to 

Paymasters  United  States  Army.     On  memorial  of  B.  W.  Brice  and  other.  _ 

Pegg.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2574)  granting  a  pension  to  Rosella 

Penny.     On  bill  (S.  544)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  toEl^ah  W 

Pension  laws.     On  bill  (S.  1407)  to  amend  the 

Pension  laws.     On  bill  (S.  1241)  providing  for  certain  amendments  to  the. 
Pensions.  On  Senate  resolution  directing  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to 

report  the  names  of  all  pending  applications  for 

Pensions  to  judges.     On  bill  (S.  178)  to  repeal  section  714  of  the  Revised 

Statutes  allowing _ 

Ferine,  administratrix.     On  bill  (S.  1240)  lor  the  relief  of  Sarah  E.  E._ 
Perry  and  EHzabeth  H.  GUmer.     On  bill  (S.  767)  for  the  relief  of  Colum- 
bus F  

Pettigiew.     On  bill  (S.  566)  for  the  relief  of  Z.  M... 

Peyton.     On  bill  (S.  8)  for  the  relief  of  F.  W 

Pfeander.     On  bill  (S.  1053)  for  the  relief  of  William 

Phcenix.     On  bill  (S.  1860)  for  the  relief  of  Richard 

Pickett.     On  bill  (S.  534)  for  the  relief  of  John  T 

Pierce.     On  bill  ^H.  R.  1985)  granting  a  pension  to  Melvin 

Pierce.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4141)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Rebecca  J 

Plant.     On  bUl  (S.  448)  for  the  relief  of  George  H - 

Plattsburg,  N.  Y.     On  bill  (S.  733)  dedicating  the  military  reservation  at. 

Plnmmer.     On  bill  (S.  1106)  for  the  relief  of  Frances  H 

Polar.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2344)  for  the  relief  of  Melissa  G — . 

Polar.     On  House  resolution  of  June  14,  1884,  to  authorize  the  clerk  to 
change  the  word  **of »'  in  bill  (H.  R.  2344)  for  the  relief  of  Melissa  G. 

Polar.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2344)  for  the  relief  of  Melissa  G 

Police  force  of  the  District  of  Columbia.     On  petition  of  members  of  the. 

Pope.     On  bill  (S.  81)  to  confirm  the  title  of  Beiyamin  E 

Porch.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3294)  granting  a  pension  to  Emma  A 

8.  Bep. n 


900 
106 
766 

13 
199 

747 

64 

787 
550 

358 
227 
619 

461 
613 


895 
672 
664 
369 

86 
533 
356 
246 
155 
175 
899 

27 
465 
568 

452 

10 
205 

42 
209 

65 
171 
431 
429 
642 
775 
236 
265 
264 
420 

716 

858 
128 
280 
774 


7 
1 

7 

1 
2 


1 
7 
4 

3 
2 

7 

3 

7 


7 
7 
5 
3 
1 
4 
3 
2 
2 
2 
7 
1 
3 
5 


1 
2 

1 
2 
1 
2 
3 
3 
7 
7 
2 
2 
2 
3 

7 
7 
1 
2 

7 


XVIII 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Pork.     On  bill  (S.  1876)  relating  to  the  exclusion  from  Germany  of  Ameri- 
can  

Pork. 

r*can. 

Porter. 

Porter. 

Porter. 


On  bill  (S.  1876)  relating  to  the  exclusion  from  Germany  of  Ameri- 

Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) -.. 

OnbUl  (6.  158)  for  the  relief  of  Fitz- John 

On  bill  (8.  158)  for  the  relief  of  Fitz-John.     (Part  2) 

On  bill  (S.  592)  for  the  relief  of  William '. 

Porter  and  Jamei  Porter.  On  bills  (S.  1391  and  2166)  for  the  relief  of 
Richard  H 

Portland,  Oreg.  On  bill  (S.  1302)  for  the  relief  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of 

Post-Office  Department.  On  the  amendment  intended  to  be  proposed  by 
Mr.  Hoar  to  the  bill  (H.  R.  5459)  making  appropriations  for  the  serv- 
ice of  the 

Post-  offices  and  post-roads.  On  bills  (8. 17, 227,  and  1016)  relative  to.  (To 
accompany  S.  2022) 

Potomaa     On  bill  (H.  R.  3108)  to  protect  fish  in  the 

Potomac  River.  On  bill  (S.  1447)  to  authorize  the  construction  of  a  bridge 
across  the 

Potter.    On  bill  (if.  R.  4822)  for  the  relirfof  Frances  McNeil.  I  I.I  IIII" 

Powell.  On  bill  (8.  949)  to  amend  and  correct  an  act  to  authorize  the 
appointment  as  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army  of  Dr. 
Junius  L 

Powell.     On  bUl  (S.  582)  for  the  relief  of  W.  H 

Powers.     On  bill  (8.  716)  for  the  relief  of  Eliza  Howard 

Price.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3623)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  E 

Prince.     On  bill  (8.  1680)  granting  a  pension  to  George 

Prine.     On  bill  (8.  986)  granting  a  pension  to  Laura  J 

Printz.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2660)  granting  a  pension  to  William 


Q. 

Quackenbush.  a  commander  in  the  United  States  Navy.    On  bill  (S.  1594) 

to  confirm  the  status  of  John  N 

Quinlan.    On  the  petition  of  James  A 


345 

345 

74 
74 

87 

617 
573 

430 

577 
700 

154 
608 


187 
307 
95 
773 
382 
230 
797 


R. 


275 
808 


Rail.     On  bill  (S.  723)  for  the  relief  of  Eugene  B 427 

Ramsdell.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4981)  granting  a  pension  to  Isabella  I 523 

Randall.     On  bill  (8.  76)  authorizing  the  President  to  place  on  the  retired  ' 

list  Lieut.  WiUiam  P 172 

Randle.     On  bill  (S.  1842)  for  the  relief  of  William  H 210 

Rankin.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4431)  granting  a  pension  to  Leroy  C {  673 

Rawlins.  On  bill  (S.  329)  for  the  relief  of  the  sureties  of  the  late  J.  O..  318 
Read.     On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  67)  in  relation  to  the  claim  of  Dr.  I 

JohnB -.-. ;  293 

Redd.     On  bill  (S.  170)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  M. ...1  66 

Redmond.     On  bill  (H.  R.2346)  for  the  relief  of  Sarah  H :  433 

Reed.     On  bill  (H.R.4014)  for  the  relief  of  Isatlc |  609 

Reeder.     On  bill  (S.  931)  granting  a  pension  to  Amanda  F '  289 

Reeves.     On  bill  (S.  352)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  H |  78 

Regan.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1631)  to  increu»e  the  pension  of  Matthew  0 772 

Registered  letters  and  the  payment  of  money-orders.     On  bill  (S.  1018)  i 

to  amend  certain  sections  of  the  Revised  Statutes  authorizing  the  Post-  | 

master-General  to  .prohibit  the  delivery  of I  288 

Reid.     On  bill  (8.1184)  for  the  relief  of  William  P  ._. i  497 

Reifenrath.     On  bill  (S.  998)  granting  a  pension  to  Hermann 372 

Reinhardt.     On  bill  (S.  315)  granting  a  pension  to  William |  542 

Reuss.     On  petition  of  Peter  J_ __ 1  536 

Reynolds.     On  bill  (H.  R.  6184)  granting  a  pension  to  Julia  M '  814 

Richmond,  Va.  On  bill  (S.  1473)  relative  to  the  Government  building  at.  I  142 
Richmond,  Va.     On  joint  resolution  (H.  Hes.  223)  to  loan  certain  flags,  I 

&c.,  to  the  mayor  of j  484 


Vol. 


3 


INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OP  COMMITTEES. 


XIX 


Subject. 


No. 


Vol. 


RickcttB.     On  bill  (S.  2025)  for  the  reHef  of  John _ 

Ridcnoor.     On  biUa  (S.  1683  and  H.  R.  5443)  for  the  relief  of  Newton  C. 

Ridgway.     On  bill  (S.  1946)  for  the  relief  of  Richard  C 

RiggB.     On  bill  (S.  1840)  grantinga  pension  to  S.  A.. 

Ripley.     On  bill  (S.  150)  granting  increase  of  pension  to  Sarah  Denny 

RiTes.     On  bill  (S.  991>  for  the  relief  of  J.  Henry 

Robbina.     On  bill  (H.  R.  254)  granting  a  pension  to  John 

Roberts.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1894)  grantinga  pension  to  Clark _. 

Robinson.     On  bills  (S.  1431  and  H.  R.  2251)  to  increase  the  pension  of 

Dilono 

Robinson,  administratrix  of  John  M.  Robinson.  On  the  petition  of  Fran- 
ces A 

RockwelL     On  bill  (S.  927)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Roden.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2543)  granting  a  pension  to  James 

Rodmjm.     On  bill  (S.  1111)  granting  an  increased  pension  to  Sally 

RogeiB.     On  bill  (8.  605)  granting  a  pension  to  Capt.  Sanderson  H 

Rraian  Catholic  clergymen  of  the  State  of  Maryland.     On  bill  (S.  1014) 

fiorthe  relief  of 

Rose.     On  bill  (8.  717)  for  the  reUef  of  John  G 

EoBB.     On  bOl  (H.  R.  5259)  granting  a  pension  to  Julia  A 

Body.     On  bill  (8.  1866)  granting  a  pension  to  John  T 

Rnge.     On  bill  (S.  887)  for  the  relief  of  Herman 

Rng^es.     On  bill  (S.  743)  for  the  relief  of  Frederick  W 

Rnggles.     On  bUl  (H.  R.  1237)  granting  a  pension  to  Solomon  K 

Rutland,  Vt.  On  bill  (S.  152aB)  donating  four  condemned  mortars,  &c., 
to  the  town  of 

S. 

Sacriste.  On  bill  (8.  1123)  to  restore  to  the  rank  of  second  lieutenant  in 
the  Army  and  place  on  the  retired  list  Louis  J 

Saint  aond  Water- Power  and  Mill  Company.  On  bill  (H.  R.  6657)  au- 
thorizing the  construction  of  a  dam  across  the  Mississippi  River  by  the. 

Salaries  ofthe  officers  and  employ^  of  the  two  houses  of  Congress.  To  ad- 
just and  equalize  the 

Sands.     On />  etition  of  Henrietta  M 

Sands,  Unite  d  States  Navy.  On  bill  (S.  660)  for  the  relief  of  Commander 
James  H - 

Saratoga  monument.  On  bill  (S.  1309)  to  provide  statuary  and  histori- 
cal tablets  for  the ._ _ 

Saulpaw.     On  bill  (S.  744)  for  the  reUef  of  George  W 

SanndefB  and  J.  A.  Decim.     On  bill  (S.  1711)  for  the  relief  of  Edwin  E-. 

Saville.  On  bill  (H.  R.  2240)  to  authorize  the  President  to  place  on  the 
retired  list  of  the  Navy  John  W _ 

Sawyer.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1998)  for  the  relief  of  William  J 

Schatzle.     On  petition  of  Philip 

Schmidt.     On  bill  (S.  328)  for  the  relief  of  Alexey  Von 

Schneider,  Charles  and  Jacob.     On  petition  of 

Scbnetberg.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1410)  granting  a  pension  to  Henry 

Schools.     On  bill  ^S.  750)  granting  a  pension  to  Catharine ._ 

Schools.  On  bill  (S.  398)  to  aid  in  the  establishment  and  temporary  sup- 
port of  common _. 

Schools.  On  bill  (S.  398)  to  aid  in  the  establishment  and  temporary  sup- 
port of  common.     (Part  2) 

Scott.     On  bill  (S.  62i5)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Francis 

Scott.     On  bill  (S.  526)  granting  a  pension  of  $50  per  month  to  Julia  T. . 

8ch  watka  and  wife.     On  bill  (S.  264 )  for  the  relief  of  F.  G .  - 

Skat,  administrator.     On  bill  (S.  1072)  for  the  relief  of  Samuel  B 

SeaUle,  Wash.     On  bill  (8.  1423)  making  a  port  of  delivery  at .-- 

Seelye,  alias  Franklin  Thompson.  On  bill  (H.  R.  5335)  granting  a  pen- 
sion to  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  E 

Sellers.     On  bill  (H.  R.  432)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Joseph  B 

Severe.     On  bill  (S.  1406)  for  the  relief  of  Simon 


584 
571 
660 
738 
892 
495 
861 
862 

669 

121 
254 
767 
838 
339 

454 
130 
554 
508 
679 
100 
788 

252 


7 
5 
7 

7 
7 
4 
7 

7 


1 
2 

7 
7 
2 

3 
1 

5 
4 

7 
1 
7 


383 

3 

872 

7 

13 

1 

720 

7 

138 

1 

267 

2 

657 

7 

686 

7 

463 

3 

780 

7 

548 

4 

422 

3 

391 

3 

824 

7 

194 

2 

101 

1 

101 

1 

200 

2 

721 

7 

23 

1 

240 

2 

276 

2 

836 

7 

730 

7 

534 

4 

XX 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


No. 


Vol. 


Shannon. 
Shannon. 
Shannon. 
Shannon. 
Shealey. 


Seward.     On  bill  (S.  284)  granting  a  pension  to  Henry  J 

Seymour.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1164)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  E 

Shacklett.     On  bill  (S.  296)  for  the  relief  of  Harriet  W.  -  _ 

Shanks.     On  bill  (S.  869)  for  the  relief  of  John 

On  bill  (S.  88)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  R _. 

On  bill  (S.  332)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  B-. 

On  bill  (S.  1114)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  William. 

On  bill  (S.  1114)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  William. 

On  bill  (H.  R.  2245)  granting  a  pension  to  Eliza  A 

Shelby.     On  petition  of  Mrs.  Susan  A.. 

Shelton.     On  bill  (S.  2026)  granting  a  pension  to  Elias 

Sherlock.     On  bill  ( H.  R.  439)  granting  a  pension  to  Bridget 

Sherwood.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1970)  granting  a  i>ension  to  Alice  T __ 

Sheward.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4718)  granting  a  pension  to  Caroline 

Shields.     On  bill  ( H.  R.  3231 )  granting  a  pension  to  Michael 

Ship-canal.  On  bill  (S.  1202)  to  provide  for  and  aid  in  the  construction 
and  to  regulate  the  operations  of  a  ship-canal  in  Washington  Territory. . 

Shuchers.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2105)  granting  a  pension  to  John  A 

Shurtliflf.     On  bill  (S.  1095)  granting  a  pension  to  Aaron 

Sibley.     On  bill  (S.  1135)  for  the  relief  of  Henry  H 

Signal  Corps.  On  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  179)  authorizing  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  to  appoint  two  second  lieutenants  from  the 
sergeants  of  the 

Sigsby,  United  States  Navy.  On  bill  (S.  661)  for  the  relief  of  Commander 
Charles  D  .__ 

Simonds.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5781)  granting  a  pension  to  Solon  L 

Sinfield.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1042)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Sarah 

Sioux  or  Dakota  Indians  of  Minnesota.  On  bill  (S.  84)  to  authorize  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  ascertain  the  amounts  due  to  citizens  of 
United  States  for  supplies  furnished  to  the 

Sioux  Nation  of  Indians.  On  bill  (S.  1755)  to  divide  a  portion  of  the 
reservation  of  the -_ 

Slawson.     On  bill  (S.  23)  amending  an  act  granting  apension  to  John. .. 

Slocum.     Oto  bill  (S.  1427)  granting  a  pension  to  Abby  S 

Slocumb,  Ida  A.  Richardson,  and  Caroline  Augusta  Urquhart.  On  bill 
(S.  630)  for  the  relief  of  Cora  A — 

Smiley.     On  bill  (S.  351)  for  the  relief  of  Alexander 

On  bills  (S.  1777  and  1942)  for  the  relief  of  Harvey. 

On  bill  (H.  R.  6171)  granting  a  pension  to  Noah  E 

On  bill  (S.180)  for  the  relief  of  Stephen  N 

On  bill  (S.  969)  for  the  relief  of  William  J 

Societies.     On  bill  (S.  1063)  relating  to  the  incorporation  of.     {See  Arts). 

Soldiers'  Home  at  Washington,  D.  C.  On  Ex.  eJoc.  28,  being  the  report 
of  the  Inspector-General  of  United  States  Army  of  an  inspection  of  the. . 

Soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  Northwest.  On  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  153) 
authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  tents  for  the  use  of  the  fifth 
annual  reunion  of  the 

Sone  and  Fleming  Manufacturing  Company.  On  bill  (S.  410)  for  the 
relief  of  the , 

Sonensen.     On  petition  of  Arent  B 

Soul6  and  his  sureties.  On  bill  (S.  336)  releasing  from  liability  the  es- 
tate of  the  late  Frank 

South  Carolina  Military  Academy.  On  bill  (8. 1488)  authorizing  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  to  supply  with  camp  equipage  the 

South  Carolina.  On  bill  (S.  1412)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
settle  and  adjust  the  account  for  arms  between  the  United  States  and 
the  State  of - 

Spain.  Relating  to  the  treaty  of  1819  with.  (To accompany  Senate  Mis. 
Doc.  No.  70) -- -- 

Spence.  •  On  bill  (S.  431)  for  the  relief  of  Sallie  A 

Spokane  Falls  and  Coeur  d' Alene  Railway  Company.  On  bill  (S.  1642)  to 
incorporate  the 

Ipring.    On  biU  (S.  238)  for  the  relief  of  Hester 


Smith. 
Smith. 
Smith. 
Smith. 


736 
768 

67 
185 

73 
4 
414 
539 
879 
493 
750 
782 
878 
637 
885 

494 
868 
606 
676 


515 

139 
835 
641 


35 

283 
705 
891 

846 
192 
745 
708 
279 
438 
141 

453 


247 

45 
416 

261 

385 

188 

893 

18 

398 
26 


INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XXI 


Subject. 


Stanly.     On  petition  of  CorneliA  A 

Stannud.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2839)  to  increase  the  pension  of  George  J 

Stork.     On  bill  (S.  1229)  for  the  relief  of  Jacob  H 

Stote  Department.  On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  46)  relative  to  an  ac- 
cepted draft  in  the 

Stote  National  Bank  of  Boston,  Mass.     On  bill  (S.  133)  for  the  relief  of  the. 

Stote  National  Bank  of  Louisiana.     On  bill  (S.  339)  for  the  relief  of  the.. 

Steedman.  On  bill  (H.  R.  1246)  granting  a  pension  to  the  widow  of  Miy. 
Gen.  James  B 

Steel  Yesaels  for  the  Navy.  On  bill  (S.  698)  to  authorize  the  construction 
of  additional 

Stewart,  administratrix  of  the  estate  of  Michael  S.  On  bill  (S.  47)  for 
the  relief  of  Frances  £ 

Stol*.   On  bill  (H.  R.  3171)  granting  a  pension  to  Ella 

Stoogh.     On  bill  (S.  1227)  granting  a  pension  to  Gapt.  Israel 

Strachan,  John  H.  Johnson,  Samuel  M.  Bryan,  George  Combs,  Annie 
Botts,  and  George  A.  Ifawkins.  On  bill  (S.  1501)  for  the  relief  of 
Robert 

Stratton.     On  biU  (S.  1134)  for  the  relief  of  Herman  D 

Stratton,  assignee  of  W.  B.  Waldron.  On  bill  (S.  305)  for  the  relief  of 
Thomas  T  

Stream.  On  bill  (S.  1742)  authorizing  the  acceptance  of  a  medal  by 
Albert  T „ 

Stieeter.     On  bill  (S.  1003)  to     imbuise  and  compensate  O.  W 

Stribling.  On  bill  (H.  R.  2869)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Mar- 
tha H - 


Stzobach.     On  Senate  resolution  relatiTe  to  Paul 

Stnkey.     On  bill  (S.  1507)  to  increase  the  pension  of  John  F 

Sng^.     On  bill  (S.  71 9 )  to  provide  for  the  refund  of  excess  of  duties  assessed 

and  collected  on  imports  of  raw 

SwatzelL     On  bill  (S.  1377)  granting  a  pension  to  Jeremiah  P 

Swearer.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4717)  granting  a  pension  to  John 

Sweeney.     On  bill  (S.  1112)  granting  a  pension  to  John 

Swift  &  Co.     On  biU  (S.  567)  for  the  relief  of  Alexander 

Swift  &  Co.  and  the  Niles  Works.     On  bill  (S.  567)  for  the  relief  of 

Alexander _ -.- 


T. 

Tabb.     On  bill  (S.  1774)  for  the  relief  of  William 

Tabor.     On  bill  (S.  477)  for  the  reUef  of  Horace  A.  W 

Taooma.     On  bill  (S.  1898)  to  provide  for  the  formation  and  admission 

into  the  Union  of  the  State  of 

Taooma,  Wash.     On  bill  (S.  1422)  making  a  port  of  delivery  at 

Targarona.     On  bill  (S.  902)  for  the  reHef  of  Peter 

Tariff  imports  into  the  United  States,  and  the  free  list,  together  with 

ocHnparative  tables  of  present  and  past  tarifib,  and  other  statistics  relat- 
to _ _ — 


ing 


Taylor.     On  bill  (S.  1324)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  William — 

Taylor  &  Son.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1198)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Ten  Eyck.     On  bill  (S.  1300)  to  authorize  the  President  to  restore  to  his 

former  rank  in  the  Army  and  place  on  the  retired  list  Tenodor 

Terrett.     On  petition  of  Martha  A.  F 

Terry.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2447)  for  the  relief  of  Catharine 

Testerman.    On  bUl  (S.  381)  for  the  relief  of  WiUiam  R — 

Texas  judicial  districts.     On  bill  (H.  R.  6074)  to  change  the  eastern  and 

northern 

Texas  Pacific  Railroad  land  grant.     (To  accompany  S.  3933) 

Thatcher.     On  bill  (S.  1034)  for  the  relief  of  T... 

Theiman.     On  bill  (S.  935)  for  the  relief  of  August 

Thomas.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3932)  for  the  relief  of  James  M 

Thompson.     On  bill  (S.  1068)  granting  a  pension  to  Alexander 

Thompson.     On  bill  (S.  932)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  Jane 

Thompson.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1394)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  P 


No. 

Vol. 

665 

7 

603 

7 

312 

2 

310 

2 

133 

1 

43 

1 

819 
161 


580 


6 

811 
670 

1 

7 
7 

684 
724 

7 
7 

455 

3 

277 
314 

2 
2 

873 
532 
624 

7 
4 
1 

354 
504 
638 
839 
147 

3 

4 

7 
7 
1 

.7 


519 

4 

237 

2 

462 

3 

276 

2 

323 

2 

12 

1 

612 

7 

707 

7 

418 

3 

659 

7 

796 

7 

328 

2 

575 

5 

607 

7 

387 

3 

203 

2 

527 

4 

605 

7 

235 

2 

650 

7 

xxii 


INDEX   TO    REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Vol. 


Thorns.     On  bill  (S.  167)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Tice.     On  bill  (S.  1607)  for  the  relief  of  the  administrators  of  the  estate 

of  Isaac  P 

Titler.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2372)  for  the  relief  of  Michael _ 

Toby.     On  bill  (S.  464)  granting  a  pension  to  James  P.  F 

Todd.     On  bill  (S.  10)  for  the  relief  of  Hany  I 

Townsend.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5595)  granting  a  pension  to  Eugene  L 

Trabne.     On  bill  (S.  1034)  for  the  relief  of  James 

Treasury  Department.     On  bill  (S.  1153)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  deliyer  to  the  rightful  owners  the  contents  of  certain  boxes 

deposited  in  the 

Trekell.     On  bill  (S.  929)  granting  a  pension  to  Caroline 

Trimble.     On  bill  (S.  91)  for  the  relief  of  the  trustees  of  Isaac  R 

Tryon.     On  bill  (S.  930)  granting  a  pension  to  Spencer  W 

U 

UUery.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4234)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary 

Umatilla  Reservation  in  the  State  of  Oregon.     On  bill  (S.  66)  providing 

for  allotment  of  lands  in  severalty  to  Indians  upon  the 

Underbill.     On  bill  (S.  608)  for  the  relief  of  J.  S 

Underwood.     On  petition  of  Maria  G 

Union  Metallic  Cartridge  Company.  On  bill  (S.  420)  for  the  relief  of  the. 
United  States  land-offices.    On  bill  (S.  323)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of 

the  Interior  to  make  allowances  for  rent  of 

Ute  Indians  in  Colorado.    On  bill  (S.  241)  to  accept  and  ratify  agreement 

for  the  sale  of  the  reservation  of  the  confederated  bands  of  the 

V. 

Valle.     On  bill  (S.  374)  for  the  relief  of  Francis  L 

Vallum.     On  bill  (S.  363)  for  the  relief  of  Edwin  P 

Vance.     On  bill  (S.  677)  for  the  relief  of  James  and  William 

Van  Horn.     On  bill  (S.  668)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary 

Van  Trees.     On  bill  (H.  R.  562)  granting  a  pension  to  H.  E 

Vaughan.     On  bill  (S.  732)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  J 

Vaughn  and  Mis.  Louisa  Jackman.     On  bill  (S.  36)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs. 

Martha 

Venable.     On  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  14)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Jane 

Virg:inia  and  Maryland.     On  bill  (S.  961)  to  provide  for  paying  certain 

advances  made  to  the  United  States  by  the  States  of 

Voorhies.     On  bill  (S.  753)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann  R 


W. 

Waldo.     On  bill  (S.  388)  for  the  relief  of  David 

Waldo  &  Co.     On  bill  (S.  387)  for  the  relief  of  David 

Walker.     On  bill  (S.  83)  for  the  relief  of  Bvt.  Maj .  Gen.  John  H 

Walker,  deceased.     On  bill  (S.  1167)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Marcus . 
Walker.     On  biU  (S.  465)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  L.  and  Ella. 

0 


44 

845 
694 
703 
107 
751 
387 


319 
404 
243 
255 


785 

234 

513 

748 
49 

152 

33 


97 

59 

20 

195 

476 

302 

118 
411 

680 
727 


Walker.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3656)  granting  a  pension  to  Salome  Ann 

Walker  and  Augustus  C.  Todd.     On  the  petition  ofT.  A — 

Wallace.     On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4439)  granting  a  pension  to  Jdhn  R 

Walter.     On  bill  (S.  2247)  relating  to  the  contract  of  James  E 

Walworth.     On  bill  (S.  1037)  for  the  relief  of  John  P 

Ward.     On  bill  (B.  879)  for  the  relief  of  P.  L ._ 

Ward.     On  bill  (H.  R.  4180)  granting  an  increaseof  pension  to  Rowland. 

Ward.     On  petition  of  William  H.. 

Wardwell.     On  bill  (S.  521)  for  the  relief  of  Earnest  H 

Warfield.     On  bill  (S.  214)  for  the  relief  of  Maria  E 

War  loans.     On  bill  (S.  2000)  to  reimburse  the  several  States  for  interest  j 

paid  on _ 590 

Washington  Territory.     On  bill  (S.  1202)  relating  to  the  construction  of  I 

a  ship-canal  in _ I    494 


93 
842 
226 
395 

53 
615 
244 
828 
621 
148 
428 
897 
137 
437 
324 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


xxni 


Subject. 


Water?*.     On  bill  (S.  1034)  for  the  relief  of  John 

Watmongb.     On  the  petition  of  Mary  M 

Watson.     On  bill  ( H.  R.  103)  granting  a  pension  to  Theresa  Crosby 

Weaver.     On  bill  (H.  R.  5723)  granting  a  pension  to  Isabella  Bertha 

Webster.     On  bill  (S.  472)  for  the  relief  of  George  P 

Weeden.     On  bill  (S.  189)  granting  a  pension  to  Amoe  C 

Wehe.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1197)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann  M 

Welsh.     On  bill  (S.  1322)  granting  a  pension  to  Jane 

West  Point,  N.  Y.     On  bill  (S.  2129)  to  provide  for  the  erection  of  build- 
ings npon  the  Government  reservation  at 

Wetmorc  &  Brother.     On  bill  (S.  391)  for  the  relief  of. 

Wetter.     On  bill  (S.  1367)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  L 

Whitcomb.     On  bill  (S.  1645)  granting  a  pension  to  Ashael  D 

WTiite.     On  petition  of  Henry  J 

White,  Peter  Hanger,  and  L.  T.  Green.     On  bill(S.  646)  for  the  relief  of 

R  Ct    P 
White.     Onbill(S.  858)  for  tiie  relief 
Wiard.     On  bill  (S.  71)  for  the  relief  of  the  creditors  and  assigns  of 

Norman 

Wickwire.     On  bill  (H.  R.  3909)  granting  a  pension  to  George  W 

Wiggin.H.     On  bill  (H.  R.  2069)  granting  a  pension  to  Margaret 

Wilcox.     On  bill  (S.  139)  for  the  relief  of  C.  M.     (Views  of  the  minority). 

Wilbelm.     On  bill  (H.  R.  1396)  granting  a  pension  to  Fredrick 

WUkins.     On  bill  (S.  1641)  for  the  relief  of  the  widow  of  Edward  M  ... 

Willev.     On  bill  (H.  R.  709)  granting  a  pension  to  Robert  L 

Willey.     On  bill  (S.  565)  for  the  relief  of  Rev.  Worcester 

Waiiams.     On  bill  (S.  394)  to  restore  M^or  D 

Williams.     On  bill  (S.  997)  for  the  relief  of  David  A 

WiUiams.     On  bill  (S.  379)  forthe  relief  of  Mrs.  J.  P 

Williams.     On  bill  (S.  1940)  granting  a  pension  to  Thomas 

Wilmington,  Del.    On  bill  (S.  1885)  for  the  erection  of  a  public  building  at. 

Wilson.     On  bill  (S.  282)  granting  pension  to  A.  M 

Wilson,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  William  Tinder,  deceased.     On  bill 

(S.  953)  for  the  relief  of  H.  B 

Wilson.     On  bill  ( H.  R.  2714)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Thomas  E 

Winchell.     On  bill  (S.  1864)  to  allow  arrears  of  pension  to  John 

Winona,  Minn.     On  bill  (S.  574)  relating  to  the  purchase  of  a  site  and 

the  erection  of  a  public  building  at 

WolfA  Brown,  per  John  B.  Wolf.     On  petition  of. 

Women's  Soldiers'  Monument  Association  of  Lansing,  Mich.     On  bill  (S. 

2075)  granting  condemned  cannon  to  the . 

Wood,  deceased.     On  bill  (S.  1664)  for  the  relief  of  the  legal  representa- 
tives of  the  estate  of  David 

Wood.     On  bill  (S.  1554)  for  the  relief  of  S.  N 

Woodall.     On  bill  (S.  1834)  granting  a  pension  to  Eliza  C 

Woodward.     On  bill  (S.  1049)  for  the  relief  of  Henry  M - 

Woodward.     On  bill  (S.  1027)  for  the  relief  of  JamesH 

Wright.     On  bill  (S.  281)  granting  a  pension  to  James  S 

Wright.    *On  bill  (S.  1144)  granting  a  pension  to  John  W — 

Wright.  On  bill  (H.  R.  2267)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Samuel  C. 
Wright  and  Mrs.  C.  Fahnestock.  On  bill  (S.  297)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  S.  A. 
Wnnsh.     On  bill  (S.  316)  ^pranting  a  pension  to  Katharina  T 


Y. 

Young.     On  bill  (H.  R.  6168)  granting  increase  of  [pension  to  Harry  D.  F. 
Young.     On  petition  of  William - 


Z. 

Zeilin.     On  bill  (H.  R.  6767)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Mrs.  Vir- 
ginia  . 


387 
222 
709 
813 
63 
80 
726 
693 

535 
545 
549. 
698 
697 

581 
186 


VoL 


850 
473 


781 


3 
2 

7 
7 
1 
1 

7 
7 

4 

4 
4 

7 
7 

7 
2 


389 

3 

825 

7 

870 

7 

212 

2 

640 

.7 

468 

3 

601 

7 

683 

7 

367 

3 

159 

2 

19 

1 

526 

4 

421 

3 

447 

3 

145 

1 

662 

7 

737 

7 

191 

2 

481 

3 

506 

4 

352 

3 

423 

3 

743 

7 

179 

2 

313 

2 

378 

3 

413 

3 

443 

3 

7 

1 

366 

3 

7 
3 


T^BLE 


OF  THE 


REPORTS  MADE  BY  THE  COMMIHEES 


FOR  THE 


FIRST  SESSION  OF  CHE  FORTY-EIGHTH  CONGRESS. 


[NOTK. — Only  200  copies  of  Report  No.  2  printed,  for  the  ose  of  the  Senate.] 


Subject. 


COMMITTER  ON   APPROPRIATIONS. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4716)  making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service,  &c . 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6770)  making  appropriations  for  the  consular  and 
diplomatic  service,  &c.  Statement  in  the  nature  of  a  report  to  accom- 
pany the  bill _ - -- 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  7069)  making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive, 
and  judicial  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1885,  and  for  other  purposes 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  7235)  making  appropriations  for  supplying  deficiencies 
in  the  appropriations  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1884,  and  prior  years. 

COMMITTEE  ON  CLAIMS. 

On  the  bill  (S.  12)  for  the  relief  of  Elizabeth  Carson 

On  the  bill  (S.  47)  for  the  relief  of  Frances  E.  Stewart 

On  the  bill  (S.  974)  for  the  relief  of  Ck)llin  Adams 

On  the  bill  (S.  975)  for  the  relief  of  T.  J.  Boyle,  administrator  of  the 

estate  of  Marcus  Radich,  deceased.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  537)  for  the  relief  of  J.  A.  Henry  and  others 

On  the  bill  (S.  431)  entitled  ''A  bill  for  the  relief  of  SaUie  A.  Spence''.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  379)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  J.  P.  Williams  .- 

On  the  bill  (S.  677)  for  the  relief  of  the  estates  Of  James  and  William  Vance. 

On  the  bill  fS.  380)  for  the  relief  of  James  Bridger 

On  the  bill  (S.  382)  for  the  relief  of  the  city  of  Glasgow,  in  the  State  of 

Missouri,  and  citizens  thereof  ., _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  264)  for  the  relief  F.  G.  Schwatka  and  wife 

On  the  bill  (S.  538)  for  the  relief  of  W.  H.  Beck,  assignee  of  A.  Burwell.. 

On  the  biU  (S.  376)  for  the  relief  of  Henry  McGowan - 

On  the  bill  (S.  735)  for  the  relief  of  Charles  S.  Mills 

OnthebUl  (S.  307)  for  the  relief  of  Lewis  D.  Allen 

On  the  bill  (S.  392)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  Kinney,  administrator  of  David 

Ballentine,  of  Missouri 

On  the  bill  (S.  491)  for  the  relief  of  John  W.  Franklin,  executor  of  the 

last  will  of  John  Armfield,  deceased .- 

On  the  bill  (S.  767)  for  the  relief  of  C.  F.  Perry  and  Elizabeth  H.  Gilmer. 
On  the  bill  (S.  339)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  National  Bank,  Louisiana.. 
On  the  bill  (S.  167)  for  the  relief  of  John  Thorns,  of  Fayette  C  ounty,  Ky  .  . 
On  the  bill  (S.  410)  for  the  relief  of  the  Sone  and  Fleming  Manufactur- 
ing Company,  limited,  of'the  city  of  New  York 

On  the  bill  (S.  399)  for  the  relief  of  Albert  H.  Emery 

On  the  bill  (8.  253)  for  the  relief  of  John  Leathers.. --.. 

On  the  petition  of  the  personal  representatives  of  Irvine  &  Field  asking 

compensation  for  cotton  sold  under  a  decree  of  a  United  States  court — 
On  the  bill  (S.  8)  for  the  relief  of  F.  W.  Peyton,  administrator  de  bonis  non 

of  James  D.  Martin,  deceased 

XXV 


405 


633 


Vol. 


760 

807 

5 

6 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

65 

XXVI 


INDEX    TO    KEPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


No.      VoL 


Committee  on  Claims — Continued. 


On  the  bill  (S.  170)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  M.  Redd.... _.. 

On  the  bill  fS.  296)  for  the  relief  ot  Harriet  W.  Shacklett. 

On  the  bill  (S.  87)  for  the  relief  of  the  heire  of  Maurice  Grivot 

On  the  bill  (S.  830)  for  the  relief  of  John  Fraser. 

On  the  bill  (S.  375)  for  the  relief  of  George  H.  Carlyle 

On  the  bill  (S.  690)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  A.  Lewis,  widow  of  Joeeph  N. 
Lewis _ ._ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1233)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Ellen  Can  Long  and  Mrs.  Mary 
K.  Brevard _. _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  88)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  R.  Shannon,  who  claims  pay- 
ment for  the  value  of  the  steamboat  A.  W.  Quarrier,  taken,  as  is  al- 
leged, from  claimant  by  the  United  States  military  authorities  at  New 
Orleans  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  and  lost  to  him 

On  the  bill  (S.  ^6)  for  the  relief  of  Perez  Dickinson,  the  surviving  part- 
ner of  James  Cowan,  deceased,  heretofore  trading  and  doing  business 
under  the  fixm-name  and  style  of  Cowan  &  Dickinson,  of  Knoxville, 
East  Tenn.__ _ 

On  the  bill  (8.  385)  for  the  relief  of  D.  C.  Allen 

On  the  bill  (S.  436)  for  the  relief  of  William  J.  Gamble _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  388)  for  the  relief  df  David  Waldo 

On  the  biU  (S.  716)  for  the  relief  of  Eliza  Howaid  Powers 

On  the  bill  (S.  422)  for  the  relief  of  Isaac  Minor,  administrator  of  the  es- 
tate of  John  Saf,  deceased _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  374)  for  the  relief  of  Francis  L.  Valle 

On  the  bill  (8.  13)  for  the  relief  of  those  su£fering  from  the  destruction  of 
the  salt-works  near  Manchester,  Ky.,  pursuant  to  the  orders  of  Miy.  Gen. 
Don  Carlos  Buell._ 

On  the  bm  (S.  743)  for  the  relief  of  Frederick  W.  Ruggles 

On  the  bill  (S.  558)  for  the  relief  of  Isaac  A.  Meyer 

On  the  bill  (S.  57l)  for  the  relief  of  Casimiro  Ginesi 

On  the  bill  (S.  971)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Priscilla  W.  Burwell,  widow  of 
Armistead  Burwell , 

On  the  bill  (S.  972)  for  the  relief  of  Priscilla  W.  Burwell,  widow  and  per- 
sonal representative  of  Hon.  Armistead  Burwell,  deceased,  late  of  Yicks- 
burg.  Miss 

On  the  bill  (S.  1055)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  C.  Ellison 

On  the  biU  (S.  371)  for  the  relief  of  Charles  P.  Chouteau 

On  the  bill  (S.  36)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Martha  Vaughn  and  Mrs.  Louisa 
Jackman 

On  the  bill  (S.  295)  for  the  relief  of  Allred  G.  Hatfield.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  372)  for  the  relief  of  Frances  A.  Robinson,  administratrix 
of  John  M.  Robinson,  late  of  Independence,  State  of  Missouri,  de- 
ceased   

On  the  bill  (S.  520)  for  the  relief  of  Francis  Guilbeau 

On  the  bill  (S.  273)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Thomas  Jones,  deceased. . 

On  the  bill  (S.  595)  to  repay  the  State  of  Georgia  $27«175.50,  money  ad- 
vanced by  said  State  for  the  defense  of  her  frontiers  against  the  Indians 
from  1795  to  1818,  and  not  heretofore  repaid _ 

On  the  petition  of  Joseph  Dawson,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  a  former  revenue 
officer  of  the  United  States,  praying  that  the  sum  of  $10,000  be  granted 
him  in  consideration  of  an  injury  sustained  by  him  while  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duty  in  the  internal- revenue  service.  „ — 

On  the  memorial  of  A.  F.  Baugh,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Ashton 
Butterworth. 

On  the  petition  of  William  H.  Manning  .praying  relief  for  timber  cut  from 
his  land  by  officers  and  employ^  of  the  United  States 

On  the  bill  (S.  453)  for  the  relief  of  Coronna,  Taussig  &  Co.,  and  others. . 

On  the  bill  (S.  29)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  National  Bank  of  Boston, 
Mass -> 

On  the  bill  (S.  458)  for  the  relief  of  William  H.  Crook _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  953)  for  the  relief  of  H.  B.  WHson,  administrator  of  the 
estate  of  William  Tinder,  deceased 


66 
67 
68 
69 
70 

71 

72 


73 


75 
91 
92 
93 
95 

96 
97 


99 
100 
112 
113 

114 


115 
116 
117 

118 
119 


121 
122 
123 


124 


125 

126 

127 
132 

133 
144 

145 


INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OP  COMMITTEES. 


XXVI 


Subject. 


COMMITTEE  ON  CLAIMS — CoDtinned. 

On  the  bill  (S.  873)  for  the  relief  of  William  G.  Ford,  of  Memphis,  Tenn.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  567)  for  the  relief  of  Alexander  Swift  &  Co 

On  the  bill  (S.  1037)  for  the  relief  of  John  P.  Walworth 

Under  act  of  March  3,  1883,  referred  to  Court  of  Claims  the  following: 
On  January  9  1884: 

Bill  (S.  765)  for  the  relief  of  G.  E.  W.  Sharretts 

Bill  (S.  11)  for  the  relief  of  Rosa  V.  Jeffreys 

Memorial  of  Richard  T.  Bryan^ J 

Bill  (S.  166)  for  the  relief  of  Oliver  H.  Perry 

On  January  16,  1884: 

Bill  (S.  335)  ifor  the  relief  of  John  Williams .._ 

Memorial  of  Lewis  S.  Stevens - 

On  January  23,  1884: 

Bill  (S.  35)  for  the  relief  of  the  owners  of  the  schooner  Twilight 

Bill  (S.  443)  for  the  relief  of  John  E.  Payne _-. 

On  February  6,  1884: 

Bill  (S.  1221)  forthereliefof  Martha  A.  Russell 

BUI  (S.  866)  for  the  relief  of  John  F.  Krany 

On  the  petition  of  Mahlon  C.  Frambes  and  others,  praying  for  the  pay- 
ment to  them  of  the  value  of  the  schooner  T.  P.  Lemed -. 

On  the  bill  (S.  86)  for  the  relief  of  L.  Madison  Day .  — 

On  the  bill  (S.  70)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  M.  Cummings,  Hamilton  J. 

Miller,  and  WiUiam  McRoberts 

On  the  bill  (S.  1130)  for  the  relief  of  the  Madison  Female  Academy,  lo- 
cated at  Richmond,  Ky .- 

On  the  bill  (S.  1240)  for  the  relief  of  Sarah  E.  E.  Ferine,  administratrix  of 

William  Perine 

On  the  bill  (S.  601)  to  provide  for  the  hearing  and  determining  by  the 
Court  of  Claims  of  the  claims  of  the  State  of  Georgia  for  captured  and 
abandoned  property  of  said  State,  seized  by  the  United  States  during 

the  war  of  the  rebellion 

On  the  bill  (S.  1254)  referring  the  claim  of  Apollos  Hale,  administrator, 

to  the  Court  of  Claims 

On  the  bill  (S.  932)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  Jane  Thompson,  executrix  of 

Jeter  L  Thompson,  deceased 

On  the  bUl  (S.  448)  for  the  reUef  of  George  H.  Plant 

On  the  bill  (S.  477)  for  the  relief  of  Horace  A.  W.  Tabor 

On  the  bill  (8. 1274)  for  the  relief  of  Reuben  B.  Clark  and  Sayles  J.  Bowen. 
On  the  bill  (S.  1072)  for  the  relief  of  Samuel  B.  Seat,  administrator  of 

Christian  Kropp,  deceased 

On  the  biU  (S.  788)  for  the  relief  of  Warren  Hall 

On  the  bill  (8.444)  for  the  relief  of  Edward  Fenlon 

OnthebiU(S.  1031)  for  the  relief  of  W.  C.  Marsh 

On  the  bUl  (S.  1118)  for  the  relief  Louisa  H.  Hasell 


No. 

VoL 

146 
147 

148 

1 
1 
2 

On  the  biU  (S.  1170)  for  the  relief  of  Richard  Hawley  &  Sons 

On  the  bill  (S.  250)  to  provide  for  the  ascertainment  of  claims  of  American 
citizens  for  spoliations  committed  by  the  French  prior  to  the  31st  day 
of  July,  1801 ;  and  also  the  petitions  of  Sarah  R.  Blake  and  others,  Eliza 
F.  Dillingham  and  others,  and  Harvey  Stanley  and  others 

On  the  bill  (S.  582)  for  the  relief  of  W.H  Powell 

On  the  bill  (S.  1099)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  M.  Harbin 

On  the  bill  (S.  294)  for  the  relief  of  Frank  Delia  Torre  and  Susan  F.  Delia 
Torre,  heirs  of  the  late  district  attorney  of  the  northern  district  of  Cali- 
nia,  Peter  Delia  Torre,  deceased 

On  the  bill  (S.  1821)  to  reimburse  and  compensate  O.  W.  Streeter  for  mon- 
eys expended  and  services  performed  in  taking  the  census  of  Dakota  in 
1860 - 1 


On  the  bill  (S.  902)  forthereliefof  Peter  Tagarona 

On  the  bill  (S.  214)  for  the  relief  of  Maria  E.  Warfield 

On  the  bill  (S.  663)  to  pay  to  Julia  A.  Nutt,  widow  and  executrix  of  Hal- 
ler  Nutt,  deceased,  the  amount  of  money  reported  by  the  Quartermas- 
ter-General to  be  due  her .- --. 


156 


165 

2 

167 

2 

168 

2 

204 

2 

205 

2 

207 

2 

216 

2 

235 

2 

236 

2 

237 

2 

238 

2 

240 

2 

269 

2 

270 

2 

272 

2 

273 

2 

274 

2 

306 

2 

307 

2 

309 

2 

311 


314 
323 
324 


I    325 


2 
2 
2 


XXVIII 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


No.     ,  VoL 


Committee  on  Claims — Continued. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1331)  for  the  relief  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Newton, 
Mass.. _ 

On  the  biU  (S.  831)  for  the  relief  of  Dr.  Robert  Carter 

On  thebill  (S.  3817)  for  the  relief  of  WiUiam  R.  Testermaa — 

On  the  bill  (S.  542)  for  the  relief  of  John  Fletcher _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  758)  for  the  relief  of  William  L.  Nance,  and  the  additional 
evidence  presented  to  sustain  the  claim  now  made , 

On  the  bill  (S.  401)  for  the  relief  of  the  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum  at 
Natchez,  Miss 

On  the  bill  (S.  896)  for  the  relief  of  Pearson  C.  Montgomery 

On  the  bill  (S.  492)  for  the  relief  of  Sallie  Jarratt,  executrix  of  Gregory 
Jarratt,  deceased 

On  the  bill  (S.  754)  in  regard  to  the  conveyance  and  devise  of  real  estate 
in  the  District  of  Columbia 

On  the  bill  (S.  536)  for  the  relief  of  Capt.  Nicholas  J.  Bigby 

On  the  petition  of  T.  M.  English,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Richard 
Fitzpatrick,  deceased 

On  the  bill  (S.  509)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Robert  H.  Montgomery. . 

On  the  bill  (8. 1034)  for  the  relief  of  James  Trabue,  Thornton  Thatcher, 
Michael  Callahan,  and  James  Waters 

On  the  bill  (S.  748)  referring  the  claim  of  the  owners  of  the  schooner 
Addie  B  Bacon  to  the  Court  of  Claims 

On  the  bill  (S.  71)  for  the  relief  of  the  creditors  and  assigns  of  Norman 
Wiard 

On  the  petition  of  Samuel  M.  Blair 

On  the  petition  of  Charles  Schneider  and  Jacob  Schneider 

On  the  bill  (S.  1167)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Marcus  Walker,  de- 
ceased  

On  the  bill  fS.  756)  for  the  relief  of  Rosa  Vertney  Jeffrey 

On  the  bill  fS.  604)  for  the  relief  of  George  MacDougal 

On  the  bill  (S.  85)  for  the  relief  of  the  Citizens'  Bank,  of  Louisiana 

Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) • 

On  the  petition  of  Arent  B.  Sorensen,  for  compensation  for  property  taken 
for  public  use ._ 

On  the  bill  (S.  723)  for  the  relief  of  Eugene  B.  Rail  and  others 

On  the  bill  (8.  879)  for  the  relief  of  P.  L.  Ward,  widow  and  executrix  of 
William  Ward,  deceased . _ 

On  the  biU  (8.  534)  for  the  relief  of  John  T.  Pickett 

On  the  bill  (S.  1014)  for  the  relief  of  the  corporation  of  Roman  Catholic 
clergymen  of  the  State  of  Maryland 

On  the  bill  (S.  305)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  T.  Stratton,  assignee  of  W.  B. 
Waldron 

On  the  bill  (S.  1384}  for  the  relief  of  James  S.  Clark  &  Co 

On  the  bill  (S.  1570)  for  the  relief  of  H.  K.  Belding 

On  the  bill  (S.  2092)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Sallie  Carroll 

On  the  bill  (S.  1744)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Martha  L.  Burch 

On  the  claim  of  Robert  Otis,  administrator  de  bonis  non  of  R<^er  A.  Hiem. 

On  the  bills  (S.  274  and  2099)  for  the  relief  of  Hiram  Johnson  and  others. 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  56)  for  the  relief  of  Martin  and  P.  B. 
Murphy - 

On  the  bill  (S.  2132)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  P.  Morgan 

On  the  several  memorials  of  the  trustees  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
churches  at  Falls  Church,  Va.,  Fairfax  Court  House,  Va.,  Dumfries, 
Ya.,  and  Arlington,  Va.,  and  the  petition  of  William  N.  Benkely, 
chairman  of  the  committee  of  the  Virginia  Conference  of  the  Meth- 
odist EpiscoiMkl  Church,  praying  compensation  for  the  destruction  of 
the  church  buildings  and  furniture  belonging  to  said  Organizations;  and 
also  the  memorial  of  the  Mount  Crawford  MeUiodist  Episcopal  Church, 
through  its  trustees,  praying  for  compensation  for  the  value  of  a  por- 
tion of  the  material  belonging  to  the  Mount  Crawford  church,  in  the 
State  of  Virginia _. 


326 

2 

3-27 

328 

2 

329 

2 

330 


331 

2 

332 

2 

333 

2 

334 

2 

344 

3 

347 

3 

350 

3 

387 

3 

388 

3 

389 

3 

390 

3 

391 

3 

395 

3 

396 

3 

397 

3 

403 

3 

403 

3 

416 

3 

427 

3 

428 

3 

429 

3 

454 

3 

455 

3 

457 

3 

458 

3 

459 

3 

460 

3 

461 

3 

466 

3 

472 

3 

488 

3 

489 


INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XXIX 


Subject.. 


Committee  on  Claims — Continned. 

On  the  bill  (S.  864)  for  the  relief  of  William  G.  Ford,  administrator  of 

John  G.  RobinsoD,  deceased 

On  the  bill  (S.  1270)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Chawning 

On  the  bill  (S.  171)  for  the  relief  of  J.  S.  Golladay  and  J.  W.  Bowling..  _ 
On  the  petition  of  Mrs.  Snsan  A.  Shelby,  praying  additional  compensation 

for  cotton  seized  at  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  in  1864 

OnthebiU  (S.  991)  for  the  relief  of  J.  Henry  Rives __ 

On  the  bill  (S.  608)  for  the  relief  of  J.  S.  UnderhUl 

On  the  bill  (S-  588)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Lncien  Goyanx 

On  ihe  bUls  (S.  1391  and  2166)  referring  to  the  Conrt  of  Claims  the 

claim  for  property  seized  by  order  of  General  A.  S.  Johnston,  on  the 

Utah  expedition 

On  the  bill  (S.  1411)  for  the  relief  of  Santiago  de  Leon 

On  the  bill  (S.  1774)  for  the  relief  of  William  Tabb 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2167)  for  the  relief  of  W.  J.  Hancock,  administrator 

of  J,  J.  Pnlliam,  deceased ._ 

On  the  bUl  (S.  2168)  for  the  relief  of  the  executor  of  Ayers  P.  MerrUl, 

deceased  _. 

On  the  petition  of  George  Brown  for  relief _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  391 )  for  the  relief  of  Wetmore  &  Brother,  of  St.  Lonis,  Mo . . 

OnthebiU  (S.  389)  for  the  relief  of  A.  L.  H.  Crenshaw 

OnthebiU  (S.  .1073)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  H.  Maddox 

On  the  bUls  (S.  511,  655,  and  2191)  for  the  relief  of  the  States  of  Oregon, 

Nevada,  and  California 

On  the  biU  (S.  1560)  for  the  relief  of  John  H.  Kinkead,  of  Nevada,  and 

others 

On  thebiU  (S.  1648)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  SaUie  H.  Palmer 

On  the  bill  (S.  714)  for  the  relief  of  the  Mobile  Marine  Dock  Company.. 
On  the  bill  (S.  803)  for  the  relief  of  Overton  Love  and  Wyatt  Gilchrist- . 

On  the  biU  (S.  804)  for  the  relief^f  WiUiam  Beddo  and  others 

On  the  biU  (S.  870)  for  the  relief  of  R.  G.  Combs  and  others 

On  the  bill  (S.  1302)  for  the  relief  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Portland, 


Oreg. 


On  the  biU  (S.  567)  for  the  relief  of  Alexander  Swift  &  Co.,  partners,  and 
Alexander  Swift  and  Co.  and  the  Niles  Works 

On  the  bUl  (S.  646)  for  the  relief  of  R.  G.  P.  White,  Peter  Hanger,  and 
L.  T.Green _ 

On  the  biU  (S.  591)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  Chester  Ashley 

On  the  biU  (H.  R.  1800)  for  the  relief  of  J.  L.  BnrchaM 

OnthebiU  (S.  2025)  for  the  relief  of  John  Ricketts 

On  the  bill  (S.  1568)  for  the  relief  of  the  Florence  Masonic  Lodge,  No. 
14,  at  Florence,  Ala 

On  the  biU  (S.  2172)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Clara  Morris 

On  the  bill  (S.  1071)  for  the  relief  of  James  R.  Howard,  formerly  assist- 
ant special  agent  of  the  Treasury  Department 

On  the  bill  (S.  2005)  to  authorize  the  Conrt  of  Claims  to  investigate  the 
claim  of  George  F.  Brott  for  logs  nsed  in  the  constraction  of  Fort  Aber- 
crombie,  Dakota,  and  to  give  judgment  for  the  same 

On  the  bill  (S.  2209)  for  the  relief  of  Joseph  H.  Maddox  and  others 

On  the  bill  (S.  2000)  to  reimburse  the  several  States  for  interest  paid  on 
war  loans  and  for  other  purposes , 

On  the  biU  (S.  724)  for  the  relief  of  Nathaniel  McKay,  George  M.  Clapp, 
and  the  executors  of  Donald  McKay 

On  the  bill  (S.  1948)  to  require  the  payment  in  cash  to  the  State  of  Geor- 
gia of  $35,555.42  appropriated  for  said  State  by  an  act  to  refund  to  the 
State  of  Georgia  certain  money  expended  by  said  State  for  the  common 
defense  in  1777,  approved  March  3,  1883 

On  the  petition  of  Samuel  Noble,  praying  compensation  for  cotton  seized 
by  t^e  United  States  during  the  late  rebellion 

On  the  biU  (S.  514)  for  the  relief  of  S.  B.  Cranston,  of  Oregon.. 

On  the  bUl  (S.  2247)  for  the  reUef  of  James  E.  Walter 


490 
491 
492 

493 
495 
513 
516 


517 
518 
519 

520 

521 
522 
545 
546 
547 

550 

561 
564 
565 
569 
'570 
572 

673 

580 

581 
582 
583 

584 

585 
586 

587 


588 
589 

590 

591 


592 

593 
620 
621 


3 

4 
4 

4 
4 
4 
4 


4 
4 

4 


4 
4 
4 
4 
4 


5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

5 

7 

7 
7 
7 

7 

7 

7 


7 
7 

7 

7 


7 
7 
7 


XXX 


INDEX   TO    REPORTS    OP   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


No. 


Vol. 


CJOMMITTEE  ON  CLAIMS — Continned. 

On  the  bill  (S.  631)  for  the  relief  of  Duncan  S.  Cage  and  the  minor  heirs 
of  Albert  G.  Cage,  deceased 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5377)  for  the  allowance  of  certain  claims  reported  by 
the  accounting  officers  of  the  United  States  Treasury  Department 

On  the  bill  (S.  .744)  for  the  relief  of  George  W.  Saulpaw 

On  the  bill  (S.  1946)  for  the  relief  of  Richard  C.  Ridgway  and  others 

On  the  bill  (S.  1135)  for  the  relief  of  Henry  H.  Sibley 

On  the  bill  (8.  267)  for  the  relief  of  Hadley  Hobson 

On  the  bill  (S.  169)  for  the  relief  of  Amelia  B.  Caldwell,  administratrix 
of  John  H.  Caldwell 

On  the  bill  (S.  887)  for  the  relief  of  Herman  Ruge 

On  the  bill  (S.  961)  to  provide  for  paying  certain  advances  made  to  the 
United  States  by  the  States  of  Maryland  and  Virginia 

On  the  bill  (S.  1972)  for  the  relief  of  Ed  way  A.  Grant 

On  the  bill  (S.  1026)  for  the  relief  of  William  Ervin 

On  the  bill  (S.  565)  for  the  relief  of  Rev.  Worcester  WiUey 

On  the  bill  (S.  1711)  for  the  relief  of  Edwin  E.  Sanndera  and  J.  A.  Dedm, 
of  Franklin,  La 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1198)  for  the  relief  of  John  Taylor  &  Son 

On  the  bill  (S.  1884)  for  the  relief  of  Daniel  A.  Dwight  and  the  legal  rep- 
resentatives of  Henry  W.  Taylor 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  3)  for  the  relief  of  the  widow  and  children 
of  John  W.  Judson 

On  the  bill  (S.  387)  for  the  relief  of  David  Waldo  &  Co.— 

On  the  bill  (S.  506)  for  the  relief  of  Claude  H.  Miisten,  surviving  partner 
of  the  firm  of  Le  Vert  Sc  Masten,  of  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  the  cMldren  of 
Octavia  Le  Vert,  widow  of  his  deceased  partner 

On  the  bill  (S.  768)  for  the  relief  of  the  National  Bank  of  Western 
Arkansas 

On  the  bill  (8.  1607)  for  the  relief  of  the  administratots  of  the  estate  of 
Isaac  P.  Tice,  deceased _. _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  630)  for  the  relief  of  Cora  A.  Slocumb,  Ida  A.  Richardson, 
and  Caroline  Augusta  Urquhart _. _ 

OnthebiU  (S.  264)  for  the  relief  of  Arthur  L.  Fish _ 

COMMITTEE  ON  COMMEBCE. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1422)  making  the  city  of  Taooma,  in  Washington  Territory, 
in  the  customs  district  of  Puget  Sound,  a  port  of  delivery,  and  the  bill 
(S.1423)  making  the  idty  of  Seattle,  in  Washington  Territory,  in  the 
Puget  Sound  customs  district,  a  port  of  delivery 

On  the  bUl  (S.  1202)  to  provide  for  and  aid  in  the  construction  and  to  reg- 
ulate the  operation  of  a  ship-canal  between  Lakes  Union  and  Washing- 
ton and  Poget  Sound,  in  Washington  Territory,  and  for  other  purposes. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6657)  authorizing  the  Saint  Cloud  Water-Power  and 
Mill  Company  to  construct  a  dam  across  the  Mississippi  River  at  Saint 
Cloud,  Minn -_ 


COMMITTEE  ON  THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

On  the  bill  (S.  729)  for  the  protection  of  children  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  for  other  purposes 

On  the  bill  (S.  14;^)  for  the  relief  of  the  Metropolitan  Police  Force  of  the 
District  of  Columbia 

Onthebilirs.  1148)  for  the  relief  of  WUliam  B.  Moses.. _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1104)  relatingtoacknowledgmentof  conveyances  of  land  in 
the  District  of  Columbia-- 

On  the  bill  (S.  1063)  to  amend  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States 
relating  to  the  Di.strict  of  Columbia - -. 

On  the  bUl  (S.  1477)  to  authorize  the  construction  of  a  bridge  across  the 
Potomac  River  at  the  Three  Sisters,  near  Georgetown,  D.  C 


622 


276 


494 


872 


94 

128 
129 

136 

141 

154 


656 

7 

657 

7 

660 

7 

676 

7 

677 

7 

678 

7 

679 

7 

680 

7 

681 

7 

682 

7 

683 

7 

686 

7 

707 

7 

736 

7 

802 

7 

842 

7 

843 

7 

844 

7 

845 

7 

846 

7 

859 

7 

1 
1 

1 

1 

2 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS    OP   COMMITTEES. 


XXXI 


Sabject. 


Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia — Continned. 

On  the  petition  of  Belva  A.  Lockwood  and  others  that  a  woman  deputy 
warden  be  appointed  to  the  jail  of  the  District  of  Columbia 

OnthebiU  (S.  665)  for  the  relief  of  Patrick  Cook 

On  the  bill  (s.  349)  for  payment  to  Daniel  Donovan  for  additional  labor 
and  services  rendered  the  District  of  Columbia 

On  the  bill  (S.  1319)  for  payment  to  Thomas  McMahon  for  labor  and  serv- 
ices, &c 

On  the  bill  (S.  1625)  for  the  reliel' of  William  Bowen 

On  the  bill  (S.  1288)  for  the  relief  of  Nathaniel  C.  Bateman 

On  the  bin  (H.  R.  2;M4)  for  the  relief  of  Melissa  G.  Polar 

Onthebill  (H.  R.  2346)  for  the  reUef  of  Sarah  H.  Redmond 

OnthebiU  (H.  R.  4689)  for  the  reUef  of  Eliza  W.  Patterson 

Onthebill  (H.  R.  2858)  lor  the  relief  of  John  Connolly 

On  the  bill  (8.  1501)  for  the  relief  of  Robert  Strachan,  John  H.  Johnson, 
Samuel  M.  Bryan,  Creorge  Combs,  Annie  Botts,  and  Oeorge  A.  Hawkins. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R,  2344)  for  the  reUef  of  Melissa  G.  Polar 

OOMMmSE  ON  SDUCATION  AND  LABOR. 

On  the  bill  (8.  396)  to  aid  in  the  establishment  and  temporary  support  of 

common  schools 

Supplemental  report.     (Part  2) 

On  the  bill  (S.  140)  to  establish  a  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Labor... 

On  the  bill  (S.  654)  to  provide  for  a  commission  on  the  subject  of  the 
alooh<dic  liquor  traffic 

On  the  bill  (S.  1464)  creating  a  commission  vtrhose  duty  it  shall  be  to  in- 
qoire  into  and  report  upon  the  material,  industrial,  and  intellectual 
progress  made  by  Uie  colored  people  of  this  country  since  1865,  and  mak- 
ing appropriation  for  the  same 

Onthebill  (S.  2170)  relating  to  the  eight-hour  law 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2550)  to  prohibit  the  importation  and  migration  of 
Ibreigneni  and  aliens  under  contract  or  agreement  to  perform  labor  in 
the  United  States,  its  Territories,  and  the  District  of  Columbia 

Onthebill  (8. 1457)  to  legalize  the  incorporation  of  national  trades-unions. 

COMMITTEE  ON  FINANCE. 

On  the  bill  (8. 332)  lor  the  relief  of  Thomas  B.  Shannon,  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal 


On  the  existing  tariff  on  imports  into  the  United  States,  &c.,  and  the  free 
list,  together  with  comparative  tables  of  present  tmd  past  tariff,  and 
other  statistics  relating  thereto.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  528)  for  the  relief  of  Silas  Q.  Howe,  surviving  partner  of 
William  T.  Pate  &  Co — _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  10)  for  the  relief  of  Harry  1.  Todd,  late  keeper  of  the  Ken- 
tucky Penitentiary 

On  the  bill  (8.  351)  for  the  relief  of  Alexander  Smiley 

On  the  bill  (S.  806)  for  the  relief  of  John  McNeUis ^ 

On  the  bill  (8.  895)  for  the  relief  of  J.  D.  Morrison,  surviving  partner  of 
the  firm  of  C.  M.  &  J.  D.  Morrison 

On  the  bUl  (S.  91»)  for  the  relief  of  John  M.  McChntock 

On  the  bill  (S.  336)  releasing  the  estate  of  the  late  Frank  Soul^,  late  col- 
lector of  internal  revenue  for  the  first  district  of  California,  and  his 
sureties  from  liability  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States..  - 

On  the  bill  (8. 1393)  to  reimburse  Frailey  &  De  Verne  for  money  paid  into 
Treasury  of  the  United  States - 

On  the  bill  (8. 1242)  to  reimburse  Elizabeth  Comstock  customs  dues  paid 
by  heron  articles  donated  for  the  relief  of  colored  refugees 

On  the  bill  (S.  530)  for  the  relief  of  Henry  Ayres,  of  EvansvUle,  Ind 

Onthebill  (8.  823)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  Lynch 

On  the  bill  (8.  1237)  for  the  relief  of  Betts,  Nichols  &  Co 


Vol. 


169 

2 

176 

2 

177 

2 

215 

2 

335 

2 

401 

3 

420 

3 

433 

3 

533 

4 

574 

5 

684 

7 

858 

7 

101 
101 
102 

435 


444 
806 


820 
857 


12 

86 

107 
192 
197 

223 
224 

261 

282 

292 
294 
295 
303 


1 
1 
1 


3 

7 


7 

7 


1 

1 

1 
2 
2 

2 
2 

2 

2 

2 
2 
2 
2 


XXXII 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Finance — ContiDned. 

On  the  bill  (S.  329)  for  the  relief  of  the  sureties  of  the  late  J.  O.  Rawlins. 
On  the  bill  (S.  1153)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  deliver 

to  the  rightful  owners  the  contents  of  certain  boxes  deposited  in  the 

Treasury  Department  by  the  Secretary  of  War 

On  the  bill  (S.  1538)  for  the  relief  of  the  legal  representatives  of  the  estate 

of  James  Beaty,  deceased,  late  of  Baltimore,  Md 

On  the  bill  (S.  968)  for  the  relief  of  Fielding  Hurst ._ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1^64)  for  the  relief  of  the  legal  representatives  of  the  estate 

of  David  Wood,  deceased 

On  the  bill  (S.  1665)  for  the  relief  of  John  W.  Gator,  surviving  partner  of 

the  firm  of  Aymar  &  Co.,  of  New  York  City _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  719)  to  provide  for  the  refund  of  excess  of  duties  assessed 

and  collected  on  imports  of  raw  sugars 

On  the  bill  fS.  956)  for  the  relief  of  Pattison  &  Caldwell— 

On  the  bill  (S.  535^  for  the  relief  of  the  sureties  of  George  F.  Elliott 

On  the  bill  (8.  459)  to  refund  excessive  duties  caused  by  extraordinary 

overvaluation  of  the  Austrian  florin  in  the  year  1 878 ' 

On  the  bill  (S.  969)  for  the  relief  of  William  J.  Smith,  late  surveyor  of 

customs  for  the  port  of  Memphis,  State  of  Tennessee 

On  the  bill  (S.  562)  for  the  relief  of  Orville  Horwitz,  trustee  for  C.  D. 

De  Ford  &  Co 

On  the  bill  (S.  862)  for  the  relief  of  Uriel  Crocker 

On  the  bill  (S.  344)  to  regulate  the  payment  of  bills  of  exchange  drawn  in 

foreign  countries  on  persons,  firms,  companies,  or  corporations  in  the 

United  States,  where  the  amount  to  be  paid  is  named  in  foreign  coins.. 
On  the  bill  (S.  1861 )  for  the  relief  of  the  Atlantic  Alcohol  Company  of 

Atlantic,  State  of  Iowa 

On  the  bill  (S.  2230)  for  reUef  of  First  National  Bank  of  Marion,  Iowa 

On  the  bill  (S.  2321)  for  the  relief  of  Bessie  S.  Gilmore 

committee  on  fishebies. 

On  the'bill  (H.  R.  3108)  to  protect  the  fish  in  the  Potomac,  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  and  to  provide  a  spawning-ground  for  shad  and  herring 
in  the  said  Potomac  River 

On  the  bill  (S.  155)  for  the  protection  of  the  fisheries  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

committee  on  foreign  relations. 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  27)  as  to  giving  notice  to  terminate  the 
convention  of  June  3,  1875,  with  His  Msyesty  the  King  of  the  Hawaiian 

Islands.. 

Views  of  the  minority.     (Part-  2) 

On  the  bill  and  joint  resolution  (S.  223  and  S.  Res.  2)  relating  to  the  claim 
of  Helen  M.  Fiedler,  widow  and  executrix  of  Ernest  Fiedler,  deceased, 
praying  on  behalf  of  herself  and  children  that  Congress  will  intervene 
so  as  to  aid  her  in  collecting  a  claim  alleged  to  be  due  to  her  late  hus- 
band from  the  Government  of  Brazil 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  63)  to  permit  Augustus  J.  Cassard  to  ac- 
cept a  gold  medal  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Government  of  France 

On  the  bill  (S.  1596)  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs  of  Martin  Kenofeky 

On  the  bill  (S.  1742)  to  authorize  Albert  T.  Stream,  keeper  of  the  life- 
saving  station  at  Shoalwater  Bay,  Washington  Territory,  to  accept  a 
medal  awarded  to  him  by  the  British  Government 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  37)  allowing  the  widow  of  General  Jesse 
H.  Moore,  late  consul  at  Callao,  Peru,  one  year's  salary 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  46)  relative  to  an  accepted  draft  in  the 
Department  of  State __ > 

On  the  bill  (S.  1876)  providing  for  an  inspection  of  meats  for  exportation, 
prohibiting  the  importation  of  adulterated  articles  of  food  or  drink, 
and  authorizing  the  President  to  make  proclamation  in  certain  cases, 

and  for  other  purposes - 

Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) 


318 


319 


346 
349 

3 
3 

352 

3 

353 

3 

354 
356 
408 

3 
3 
3 

426 

3 

438 

3 

602 
505 

4 

4 

578 

652 
701 
789 


700 
706 


76 
76 


111 

201 
206 


277 

278 
310 


345 
345 


Vol. 


7 
7 
7 


7 
7 


2 
2 


2 
2 
2 


3 
3 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS    OP   COMMITTEES. 


xxxin 


Sabject. 


Committee  on  Foreign  Relations — Continned. 
On  the  bill  (S.  155}  for  the  protection  of  fish  and  fisheries  on  the  Atlantic 


coast. 


On  the  joint  resolntion  (S.  Res.  43)  for  the  erection  of  a  bronze  equestrian 
statue  to  Simon  Bolivar,  in  the  city  of  Washington 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  68)  and  Mis.  Doc.  59,  relating  to  the  occu- 
pation of  the  Congo  country,  in  Africa 

On  the  bill  (S.  1158)  to  provide  for  the  execution  of  the  provisions  of  arti- 
tide  2  of  the  supplemental  commercial  treaty  of  November  17,  1880, 
betiveen  the  United  States  and  China  for  repression  of  the  opium  traffic. 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  14)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Jane  Yenable.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1983)  to  compensate  Enoch  Jacobs  for  services  rendered 
the  Department  of  State 

On  the  bill  (S.  1860)  for  the  relief  of  Richard  Phoenix 

Propose,  in  lieu  of  bills  S.  347,  594,  and  1700,  an  amendment  to  the  bill 
(H.  R.  6770)  making  appropriations  for  the  consular  and  diplomatic 
service  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1885,  and  ask  its  reference  to 
Committee  on  Appropriations 

Od  the  petition  of  Miguel  Capella,  a  citizen  or  subject  of  Spain,  making 
claim  for  compensation  fiom  the  United  States  for  losses  sustained  dur- 
ing the  war  of  the  rebellion,  in  Alabama 

On  the  petition  of  Philip  Schatzle,  of  Germany 

On  the  second  branch  of  the  resolution  of  the  Senate,  adopted  January 
22,1884.  The  resolution  is  as  follows:  ^^ Resolved:  That  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Relations  be  instructed  to  inquire  into  and  report  to  the 
Senate  such  legislation  as  shall  protect  our  interests  against  those  gov- 
ernments which  have  prohibited  or  restrained  the  importation  of  meats 
from  the  United  States;  and  the  committee  is  further  instructed  to  re- 
port what  discriminations  are  made  against  exports  from  the  United 
States  by  the  tariff  laws  of  the  princiiMd  countries  of  Europe  and 
America,  especially  France,  Germany,  Mexico,  and  Brazil,  by  reason  of 
commercial  or  other  special  treaties  or  agreements  with  more  favored 
nations,  and  to  report  the  causes  which  led  to  such  discriminations,  the 
efforts,  if  any,  that  have  been  made  to  remove  them,  and  what  legisla- 
tion, if  any,  is  necessary  to  place  the  United  States  on  an  equal  footing 
with  the  most  favored  nations.  This  investigation  is  not,  however,  to 
delay  the  action  of  the  committee  on  the  fiist  branch  of  this  resolution' ' . 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6770)  proposing  an  amendment  to  the  same 

On  the  Senate  resolution  (Mis.  Doc.  No.  70)  in  relation  to  negotiations 
with  Spain 


committee  on   INDIAN   AFFAIRS. 

On  the  bill  (S  271)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Louisa  Boddy,  of  Oregon 

On  the  biU  (S.  84)  entitled  ''A  bill  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Inte- 
rior to  ascertain  the  amounts  due  to  citizens  of  the  United  States  for 
supplies  furnished  the  Sioux  or  Dakota  Indians  of  Minnesota  subse- 
quent to  August,  1860,  and  prior  to  the  massacre  of  August,  1862,  and 
providing  for  the  payment  thereof  " _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  460)  to  authorize  the  sale  of  timber  on  certain  lands  re- 
served for  the  use  of  the  Menomonee  tribe  of  Indians  in  the  State  of 
Wisconsin , 

On  the  petitions  praying  that  the  Oklahoma  lands  in  the  Indian  Territory 
be  opened  for  settlement 

On  the  bill  (S.  938)  confirming  to  W.  S.  Byers  &  Co.  the  right  to  take  and 
use  water  from  the  Umatilla  River,  on  the  Umatilla  Reservation  in  the 
State  of  Oregon,  for  manufacturing  and  other  purposes 

On  the  bill  (S.  1108)  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the  Iowa  Indian  Reserva- 
tion in  the  States  of  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  for  the  issuance  of  a  patent 
for  a  reservation  for  the  Iowa  tribe  of  Indians  in  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  for  other  purposes 

8.  Rep. III 


365 

3 

392 

3 

393 

3 

394 
411 

3 
3 

419 
431 

3 
3 

432 


464 

548 


551 
566 

893 


32 


35 

60 
64 

208 
232 


Vol. 


3 
4 


5 
5 


1 
1 


XXXIV 


INDEX   TO    REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Indian  Affaibs — Continued. 

On  the  bill  (S.  66)  entitled  ''A  bill  providing  for  allotment  of  lands  in 
severalty  to  the  Indians  residing  upon  the  Umatilla  Reservation,  in  the 
State  of  Oregoi),  and  granting  patents  therefor,  and  for  other  purposes  " . 

On  the  bill  (S.  1706)  to  accept  and  ratify  an  agreement  with  the  confed- 
erated tribes  of  the  Flathead,  Kootenay,  and  Upper  Pend  d^Oreilles 
Indians  for  the  sale  of  a  portion  of  their  reservation  in  the  Territory 
of  Montana,  required  for  the  use  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
to  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for  carrying  out  the  same 

On  the  bill  (S.516)  to  a4ju8t  the  accounts  of  John  B.  Monteith,  deceased. 

On  the  biU  (S.  1755)  to  divide  a  portion  of  the  reservation  of  the  Sioux 
Nation  of  Indians,  in  Dakota,  into  separate  reservations,  and  to  secure 
the  relinquishment  of  the  Indian  title  to  the  remainder 

On  the  resolutionof  the  Senate  of  Decembers,  1883,  instructing  the  com- 
mittee to  inquire  into  the  policy  and  expediency  of  creating  a  mili- 
itary  academy  west  of  the  Mississippi  River  for  the  training  and  edu- 
cation of  Indian  youths  and  men  up  to  a  proper  age  as  soldiers,  and  of 
admitting  them,  when  qualified,  into  the- Regular  Army  as  enlisted  men . 

Ou  the  bill  (S.  1564)  providing  for  the  allotment  of  lands  in  severalty  to 
certain  Chippewa  Indians  of  Lake  Superior,  residing  in  the  State  of 
Wisconsin,  and  granting  patents  therefor 

On  the  bill  (S.  1554)  for  the  relief  of  S.  N.  Wood 

On  the  bill  (S.  1530)  for  the  relief  of  the  estate  of  John  Cook i 

On  the  bill  (S.  467)  to  provide  for  a  settlement  with  the  Indians  who  were 
parties  to  the  treaty  concluded  at  Buffalo  Creek,  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  on  the  15th  day  of  January,  1838,  for  the  unexecuted  stipulation 
of  that  treaty _- _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  2300)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  ascer- 
tain the  amounts  due  to  Nathan  Myrick,  Joseph  and  Charles  M.  Dai- 
ley,  William  H.  Forbes,  and  Louis  Roberts  &  Co.,  or  their  legal  rep- 
resentatives, citizens  of  the  United  States,  for  supplies  furnished  to 
the  Sioux  or  Dakota  Indians  of  Minnesota  subsequent  to  August,  1860, 
and  prior  to  the  massacre  of  August,  1862,  and  providing  for  the  pay- 
ment thereof 


COMMITTEE  ON  THE  JUDICIABY. 

On  the  bill  (S.  178)  to  repeal  section  714  of  the  Revised  Statutes  allow- 
ing pensions  to  judges  in  certain  cases 

On  the  bill  (S.  60)  to  declare  certain  land  subject  to  taxation 

On  the  bill  (S.  1691)  referring  the  claim  of  T.  A.  Walker  and  Augusta  C. 
Todd  to  the  Court  of  Claims  for  adjudication 

On  the  following  resolution  of  the  Senate,  adopted  April  16,  1884:  Be- 
solved  J  That  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary  be  directed  to  inquire  and 
report  whether  Paul  Strobach,  whose  confirmation  as  marshal  of  the 
middle  and  southern  j  udicial  districts  of  Alabama  has  been  rejected 
by  the  Senate,  is  now  discharging  the  duties  of  that  ofiice,  and  whether 
he  is  entitled  to  execute  the  powers  and  duties  of  such  office  in  the 
place  of  M.  C.  Osborn,  who  was  suspended  by  order  of  the  President 
in  the  recess  of  the  Senate 


COMMITTEE  ON  THE  LIBRARY. 


On  the  bill  (S.  1309)  appropriating  $40,000  to  provide  statuary  and 
historical  tablets  for  the  Saratoga  Monument ._.     

On  the  proceedings  in  connection  with  the  erection  of  a  statue  of  Chief- 
Justice  Marshall __ 


Vol. 


234 


262 
263 


283 


2 
2 


348 


380 
423 
537 


3 
3 

4 


761 


771 


10 

88 

244 


1 
1 


532 


267 

544 


2 
4 


COMMITTEE  ON   MILITARY  AFFAIRS.  | 

On  the  bill  (S.  368)  for  the  relief  of  Oscar  Eastmond  and  James  W.  , 
Atwill I      30 

On  the  bill  (S.  56)  for  the  relief  of  Lieut.  C.  C.  Norton |      31 


1 
1 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


XXXV 


Subject. 


Vol. 


Committee  on  Military  Affairs — Continued. 

On  the  bill  (S.  439)  for  the  relief  of  George  A.  Jaeger... ___ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1033)  giving  a  military  record  to  Alexander  Francesco, 
deceased 

On  the  bill  (S.  543)  for  the  relief  of  Martin  L.  Bundy... 

On  the  bill  (S.  363)  for  the  relief  of  Edwin  P.  Vallum , 

On  the  bill  (S.  156)  to  amend  section  1661  of  the  Revised  Statutes  mak- 
ing an  annual  appropriation  to  provide  arms  for  the  mUitia 

On  the  bill  (S.  472)  for  the  relief  of  George  P.  Webster 

On  the  bill  (S.  158)  for  the  relief  of  Fitz-John  Porter... 

Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) 

On  the  bill  (S.  641)  concerning  details  from  the  Army 

On  the  bill  (8.  726)  for  the  relief  of  Calvin  S.  Montague 

On  the  bill  (S.  1147)  completing  the  military  record  of  Alexander  Fisher. 

On  the  bUl  (S.  798)  for  the  relief  of  William  D.  Haley 

On  the  bill  (S.  924)  for  the  relief  of  Lieut.  M.  0»Brien... 

On  the  bill  fS.  940)  relating  to  clairoc  of  the  State  of  Missouri 

On  the  bill  (S.  230)  tfi  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  settle 
the  claim  of  the  State  of  Florida  on  account  of  expenditures  made  in 
suppressing  Indian  hostilities 

On  the  bill  (S.  300)  for  the  reliefof  Miy.  William  M.  Maynadier,  paymas- 
ter in  the  United  States  Army 

On  the  bill  (S.  469)  to  increase  the  sfdaries  and  pay  of  the  chaplains  in 
the  Army 

On  the  bill  (S.  207)  to  amend  section  1190  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the 
United  States  relating  to  paymasters'   derks  of   the  United  States 


Army. 


On  bill  (S.  642)  for  the  relief  of  William  P.  Hogarty 

On  the  bill  (S.  809)  to  indemnify  the  State  of  cSilifomia  for  balances  paid 
and  remaining  due  on  account  of  indebtedness  incurred  in  the  Indian 
wars 


On  the  bill  (8.  997)  for  the  relief  of  David  A.  Williams  - 

On  the  biU  (S.  1140)  for  the  relief  of  Lieut  Geoige  W.  Kingsbury 

On  the  bill  (S.  478)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  War  to  lilinquish  and 
turn  over  to  the  Interior  Department  certain  parts  of  the  Camp  Doug- 
las Military  Reservation,  in  the  Territory  of  Utah 


On  the  bill  (S.  483)  for  the  relief  of  the  State  of  Nebraska 

On  the  bill  (S.  1053)  for  the  relief  of  William  Pfeander,  late  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  Second  Minnesota  Cavalry  Volunteers 

On  the  memorial  of  B.  W.  Brioe  and  other  paymasters  of  the  United  States 
Army,  who  served  as  such  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  asking  for 
additional  compensation  for  the  services  rendered  by  them 

On  the  bill  (S.  1049)  for  the  relief  of  Henry  H.  Woodward 

On  the  bill  (S.  644)  for  the  relief  of  the  administrator  of  the  estate  of  John 
^V   Dear   deceased 

On  the  bill  (S.  921)  for  the  reliero7EiijahCrudgington-I..I'IIIIIIII.. 

On  thebUl  (S.  1107)  for  the  relief  of  John  A.  Knowles 

On  the  bill  (S.  1103)  to  remove  the  charge  of  desertion  from  the  military 
record  of  William  H.  Fenton.. _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  922)  for  the  relief  of  John  Gibson 

On  the  bill  (8.  859)  to  remove  the  charge  of  desertion  from  the  military 
record  of  John  Shanks 

On  the  bill  (S.  858)  for  the  relief  of  Richard  H.  W^hite 

On  the  bill  (8.  949)  to  amend  and  correct  an  act  approved  January  29, 
1879,  authorizing  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Junius  L.  Powell  as  assist- 
ant surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1412)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  adjust  and  set- 
tle the  account  for  arms  between  the  State  of  South  Carolina  and  the 
Government  of  the  United  States 

On  the  bill  (8.  899)  to  provide  promotion  in  the  corps  of  judge-advo- 
cates  

On  the  bill  (S.  1581)  to  provide  for  the  disposal  of  abandoned  and  useless 
military  reservations .      


34 

57 
58 
59 

61 

63 

74 

74 

98 

103 

104 

105 

106 

108 


109 
110 
120 


155 
167 


158 
159 
160 


162 
170 

171 


175 
179 

180 
181 
182 

183 
184 

185 

186 


187 

188 
189 
193 


1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 


1 
1 
1 


2 
2 


2 
2 
2 


2 
2 


2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 

2 
2 


2 
2 
2 


XXXVI 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


No. 


Vol. 


Committee  on  Military  Affairs — Continued. 

On  the  bill  (S.  557)  for  the  reUef  of  John  A.Hart 

On  the  bill  (S.  920)  for  the  relief  of  John  Ogden 

On  the  bill  (S.  935)  for  the  relief  of  August  Thieman 

On  the  bill  (S.  139)  for  the  relief  of  C.  M.  Wilcox.     (Views  of  the  minor- 


ity). 


On  the  bill  (S.  1518)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  certifi- 
cates of  discharge  to  certain  members  of  the  Missouri  Home  Guards. . 

On  the  bills  (S.  sS,  899,  and  1541)  to  provide  promotion  in  the  corps  of 
judge-advocates . 

On  the  bill  (S.  1352)  for  the  relief  of  William  McNaniara.-. 

On  the  bill  (S.  83)  for  the  reUef  of  Bvt.  M^.  John  H.  Walker 

On  the  bill  TS.  262)  relating  to  the  muster-rolls  of  Oregon  Volunteers.  _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  445)  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs  or  legal  representative  of 
Robert  J.  Bangness 

On  the  bill  (S.  1581)  to  provide  for  the  disposal  of  abandoned  and  useless 
military  reservations : 

On  the  bm  (S.  91)  for  the  relief  of  the  trustees  of  Isaac  R.  Trimble 

On  the  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  153)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
furnish  tents  for  the  fifth  annual  reunion  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the 
Northwest,  to  be  held  in  Chicago  in  the  month  of  August,  1884 

On  the  biU  (S.  1219)  donating  condemned  cast-iron  cannon  to  the  citizens 
of  Waterville,  Me - 

On  the  bill  (S.  1522)  donating  cannon  to  R.  H.  Graham  Post  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  of  Moline,  HI 

On  the  bill  (S.  1517)  donating  eight  condemned  cannon  to  be  used  in  the 
erection  of  a  statue  to  the  memory  of  General  William  H.  Lytle,  of 
Ohio - - -.. 


On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  60)  donating  condemned  cannon  to  the 
town  of  Cavendish,  Vt 

On  the  bill  (S.  1528)  donating  four  condemned  mortars,  four  cannon  and 
carriages,  and  one  hundred  shell  and  shot  to  the  town  of  Rutland,  Vt.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1527)  directing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  deliver  to  the  gov- 
ernor of  the  State  of  Kansas  four  pieces  of  condemned  cannon  for  the 
use  of  the  Leavenworth  Light  Infantry  Battalion 

On  the  bill  (S.  545)  for  the  relief  of  the  widow  of  Col.  Lyman  M.  Kellogg . 

On  the  bill  (S.  1106)  for  the  relief  of  Frances  H.  Plummer _ _.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  733)  dedicating  the  military  reservation  at  Plattsburg,  N. 
Y.,  to  the  village  of  Plattsburg  for  a  public  park 

On  the  bill  (S.  1347)  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  by  the  loss  of  the  Grov- 
emment  steamer  J.  Don  Cameron.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1361)  giving  a  military  record  to  Thomas  Miller.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  81)  to  confirm  the  title  of  Benjamin  F.  Pope  to  his  office 
of  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1316)  for  the  relief  of  William  W.  Armstrong. 

On  thebUl  (S.  1267)  for  the  relief  of  Alfred  Huckaby.. ... 

On  the  bUls  (S.  63  and  583)  for  the  relief  of  William  H.  Morgan _. 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  67)  in  relation  to  the  claim  made  by  Dr. 
John  B.  Read  against  the  United  States 

On  the  bill  (S.  1222)  to  place  John  Jones,  late  captain  First  Minnesota 
Battery,  on  the  retired  list  of  the  Army 

On  the  petition  of  F.  L.  Hagadom,  praying  that  the  Secretary  of  War  be 
authorized  to  purchase  his  patent  for  the  manufacture  of  improved  am- 
munition chests _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1229)  for  the  relief  of  Jacob  H.  Stark.. .-. 

On  the  bUl  (S.  1027)  for  the  relief  of  James  H.  Woodward 

On  the  bill  (S.  853)  to  fix  the  rank  of  certain  retired  officers  of  the  Army.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1212)  to  authorize  the  extension  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
Railway  to  a  point  on  the  military  lands  at  Fortress  Monroe,  Va 

On  the  bill  (S.  789)  providing  for  certain  time  allowances  in  computing 
the  longevity  pay  of  officers  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army.. 


196 

199 

.    203 

212 

214 

221 
225 
226 
227 

228 

242 
243 

247 
248 
249 

250 
251 
252 

253 
256 
264 

265 

266 
271 

280 
284 
285 
286 

293 

296 


308 
312 
313 
315 

316 

317 


2 
2 
2 

2 

2 

2 
2 
2 
2 


2 
2 


2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 


2 
2 
2 


2 
2 

2 
2 
2 
2 

2 

2 


2 
2 
2 
2 


INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XXXVII 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Military  Affairs — Continued. 

On  the  joint  resolation  (S,  Res.  39)  correcting  the  military  record  of  Wick- 
liffe  Cooper,  deceased,  late  m^jor  of  the  Seventh  Cavalry,  brevet  colonel, 

United  States  Army 

On  the  bill  (S.  512)  for  the  relief  of  citizens  of  Oregon,  Washington,  Idaho, 
and  Montana  who  served  in  connection  with  the  United  States  troops 
in  the  war  with  the  Kez  Perc4  Indians,  and  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs 

of  such  as  were  killed  in  such  service,  and  for  other  purposes 

On  the  bill  (S.  345)  for  the  relief  of  certain  officers  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  United  States  Army 

On  the  bill  (S.  1058)  explanatory  of  an  act  directing  the  Second  Auditor 
to  settle  the  pay  and  bounty  account  of  John  Ammahaie  (or  Ammahe), 
passed  June  30,  1876. 

On  the  bill  (S.  651)  to  authorize  the  President  to  restore  Charles  Brewster 
to  hin  former  rank'  in  the  Army 

On  the  bill  (S.  1449)  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the  military  reservation  on 
the  island  of  Bois  Blanc,  in  the  Straits  of  Mackinaw,  in  the  State  of 
Michigan,  and  for  other  purposes  _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1123)  to  restore  Louis  J.  Sarriste  to  the  rank  of  second  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Army  and  place  him  on  the  retired  list 

On  the  bill  (S.  1629)  giving  a  military  record  to  John  C.  Bullock,  deceased  . 

On  the  bill  (S.  1488)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  supply  the  South 
Ciunolina  Military  Academy  with  camp  equipage : 

OnthcbUl  (S.  1419)  for  the  relief  of  Rupert  G.  HiU 

On  the  bill  (S.  657)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  adjust 
and  settle  the  expenses  of  Indian  wars  in  Nevada 

On  the  bill  (S.  1304)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  War  to  ascertain  the 
expenses  incurred  by  the  territorial  authorities  and  the  people  of  Idaho 
in  the  suppression  of  Indian  hostilities  in  the  years  1877  and  1878, 
known  as  the  Bannock  and  Nez  Perc^  outbreaks 

On  the  petition  of  Capt.  Anson  Northup  for  compensation  for  services  ren- 
dered _- - 

On  the  bill  (S.  779)  for  a  survey  and  estimate  for  a  railroad  fix)m  the  main- 
land to  Key  West,  Fla.,  and  for  a  canal  connecting  the  same  with  the 
Saint  John's  River,  for  military  and  naval  services 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  76)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
loan  the  governor  of  North  Carolina  certain  tents  and  camp  equipage 
for  the  use  of  the  militia  of  the  State _ _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1300)  to  authorize  the  President  to  restore  Tenodor  Ten  Eyck 
to  his  former  rank  in  the  Army  and  to  place  him  upon  the  retired  list 
of  Army  officers . 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2487)  for  the  relief  of  Bvt.  Maj .  Gen.  William  W.  A  verell . . 

On  the  bill  (S.  675)  to  extend  the  benefits  of  section  4  of  an  act  entitled 
''An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the 
year  ending  June  30,  1866,"  approved  March  3,  1865 _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  521)  for  the  relief  of  Ernest  H.  Wardwell 

On  the  bill  (S.  1437)  to  remove  the  charge  of  desertion  from  the  military 
record  of  David  A.  Hawk 

On  the  bill  (S.  1631)  for  the  relief  of  John  W.  Blake 

On  the  bill  (S.  651)  to  authorize  the  President  to  restore  Charles  Brew- 
ster to  his  former  rank  in  the  Army -. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1798)  for  the  relief  of  Edward  L.  Keyes... 

On  the  bill  (S.  1920)  to  authorize  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  Dr.  A.  P.  Frick  an  assistant  sur- 
geon in  the  United  States  Army 

On  the  bill  (S.  286)  granting  the  right  of  way  through  a  military  reser- 
vation to  a  railroad  company 

On  Executive  Document  No.  28,  being  the  report  of  the  Inspector-General 
of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  of  an  inspection  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 
at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  an  act  of 
Oongrcao  prescribing  regulations  for  said  Home,  and  for  other  purposes, 
approved  March  3,  1883 _ 


Vol. 


321 


337 
341 

342 
364 

378 

383 
384 

385 
386 

406 


407 
410 

415 

417 


418 
424 


436 
437 

439 
441 

442 
445 


446 
451 


2 
2 

2 
3 


3 
3 

3 
3 


3 
3 

3 

3 


3 
3 


3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
3 


3 
3 


453 


XXXVIII 


INDEX   TO    REPORTS   OF    COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Military  Affairs — Continued. 

On  the  petition  of  Wolff  &  Brown,  per  John  B.  Wolff,  praying  compensa- 
tion for  horses  taken v 

On  the  bm  (H.  R.  328)  for  the  relief  of  John  P.  T.  Davis,  late  second 
lieutenant  Company  H,  Fifty-second  Indiana  Volunteers 

On  the  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  236)  to  loan  flags  to  the  city  of  Charlotte, 
N.  C 

On  the  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  223)  to  loan  to  the  ma^or  of  Richmond, 
Va.,  a  certain  number  of  flags 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  351)  authorizing  the  mustet-in  and  discharge  of  Henry 
Z.  Blinn - 

On  the  bill  (S.  1921)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  ac^ust  and  set- 
tle the  account  for  arms,  ammunition,  and  aooouterments  between  the 
Territory  of  Montana  and  the  United  States _ ^. 

On  the  bill  (S.  589)  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  a  joint  resolution  en- 
titled "Joint  resolution  providing  for  the  payment  of  the  Fourth  Ar- 
kansas Mounted  Infantry  Volunteers,"  approved  March  18, 1870 

On  the  bill  (S.  2075)  donating  condemned  cannon  to  the  Women's  Sol- 
diers' Monument  Association  of  Lansing,  Mich 

On  the  bill  (S.  2076)  to  donate  condemned  cast-iron  cannon  and  cannon- 
balls  to  Post  41,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Department  of  Michi- 
gan, for  monumental  purposes _., 

On  the  bill  (S.  1586)  for  the  relief  of  the  surviving  members  of  Company 
G,  First  United  States  Artillery __ 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  578)  to  authorize  the  sale  of  a  certain  portion  of  the 
Fort  Hays  Military  Reservation,  Kansas _. _. 

On  the  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  179)  authorizing  the  President  of  the 
United  States  to  appoint  from  the  sergeants  of  the  Signal  Corps  two 
second  lieutenants : 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  3932)  for  the  relief  of  James  M.  Thomas -_. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1845)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  set  apart  certain 
lands  of  the  Fort  Bid  well  Military  Reservation  for  cemetery  purposes.. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3936)  lor  the  relief  of  Benjamin  F.  Millard 

On  the  bill  (S.  2129)  to  provide  for  the  erection  of  necessary  buildings 
upon  the  Grovernment  reservation  at  West  Point,  N.  Y 

On  the  bill  (S.  644)  for  the  relief  of  the  administrator  of  the  estate  of  John 
W.  Dear,  deceased 

On  the  bill  (S.  1758)  for  the  relief  of  Charles  M.  Blake,  a  chaplain  in  the 
United  States  Army _ 

On  the  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  209)  granting  the  use  of  cannon,  tents, 
and  muskets  to  ex-Union  soldiers  for  reunion  purposes 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  83)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War,  in 
his  discretion,  to  make  exchange  of  tents  for  Gatling  guns  with  the 
National  Guard  of  Alabama,  and  for  other  purposes 

On  the  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  244)  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War, 
in  his  discretion,  to  make  exchange  of  tents  for  Gatling  guns  with  the 
National  Guard  of  Alabama,  and  for  other  purposes 

On  the  bill  (S.  617)  for  the  relief  of  James  Belger 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4977)  to  authorize  the  extension  of  the  Chesapeake 
and  Ohio  Railway  Company  to  a  point  on  the  military  lands  at  Fortress 
Monroe,  Va _ _. _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  2233)  for  the  relief  of  John  Rollins  McBlair 

On  the  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  210)  requiring  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
furnish  copies  of  certain  muster-rolla  to  the  governor  of  the  State  of  Ohio, 
and  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  86)  to  furnish  copies  of  certain  military 
records  to  the  State  of  New  York 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1628)  authorizing  and  directing  the  sale  of  the  real 
estate  and  riparian  rights  now  owned  by  the  United  States  at  Harper's 
Ferry,  in  the  State  of  West  Virginia 

On  the  bill  (S.  1646)  to  authorize  the  continuance  in  force  of  an  act  ap- 
proved June  23,  1870,  entitled  "An  act  to  continue  the  act  to  author- 
ize the  settlement  of  the  accounts  of  officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy  "_ 


481 
482 
483 
484 
486 

487 

498 
506 

507 
511 
514 

515 
527 

528 
529 

535 

563 

594 

653 

654 


655 
661 


687 

688 


747 


770 


803 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS    OF    COMMITTEES. 


XXXIX 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Military  Affairs — Continued. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4383)  to  relieve  certain  soldiers  from  the  charge  of 
desertion- _ 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1017)  in  relation  to  the  Inspector-General's  Depart- 
ment of  the  Army 


COMMITTEE  ON   NAVAL  AFFAIRS. 

On  the  bill  (S.  717)  for  the  belief  of  John  G  Rose 

On  the  bill  (S.  660)  to  carry  into  effect  the  recommendations  of  the  Board 
of  Admirals,  convened  pursuant  to  joint  resolution  approved  February 
5,  1879,  in  the  case  of  Commander  James  H.  Sands,  United  States  Navy. 

On  the  bill  (S.  661)  to  carry  into  effect  the  recommendations  of  the  Board 
of  Admirals,  convened  pursuant  to  joint  resolution  of  February  5, 1879, 
in  the  case  of  Commander  Charles  D.  Sigsbee,  United  States  'Savy 

On  the  bill  (S.  662)  to  carry  into  effect  the  recommendations  of  the  Board 
of  Admirals,  convened  pursuant  to  joint  resolution  of  February  5,  1879, 
in  the  case  of  Commander  Henry  Glass,  United  States  Navy 

On  the  bill  (S.  1039)  for  the  relief  of  the  survivors  of  the  exploring  steamer 
Jeannette,  and  the  widows  and  children  of  those  who  perished  in  the 
retreat  from  the  wreck  of  that  vessel  in  the  Arctic  seas 

On  the  bill  (S.  1867)  for  the  relief  of  the  oflScers  and  crew  of  the  United 
States  steamer  Monitor  who  participated  in  the  action  with  the  rebel 
iron-clad  Merrimac  on  the  9Ui  day  of  March.  1862 

On  the  bill  (S.  698)  to  authorize  the  construction  of  additional  steel  vessels 
for  the  N avy _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  76)  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  ap- 
point Lieut.  William  P.  Randall  a  lieutenant-commander  on  the  retired 
list  of  the  'Stkxy ._ 

On  the  bill  (S.  427)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  G.  Corbin.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1385)  to  carry  into  effect  the  conclusion  and  recommenda- 
tion of  a  board  of  rear-admirals  convened  under  a  joint  resolution  ap- 
proved February  5,  1879,  in  the  case  of  Capt.  Henry  Erben,  United 
States  Navy _ _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1594)  to  confirm  the  status  of  John  N.  Quackenbush,  a  com- 
mander in  the  United  States  Navy 

On  the  bill  (8.  54)  for  the  relief  of  Wilbur  F.  Cogswell 

On  the  bill  (S.  1335)  to  authorize  the  settlement  of  the  accounts  of  the 
late  J.  V.  B.  Bleecker,  a  paymaster  in  tjie  Navy _ 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2240)  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to 
appoint  Assistant  Engineer  John  W.  Saville  a  passed  assistant  engineer 
on  the  retired  list  of  the  Na\'y _ 

On  the  joint  resolution  (H.  Res.  17)  authorizing  the  appointment  and  retire- 
ment of  Samuel  Kramer  as  chaplain  in  the  Navy  of  the  United  States.  _ 

On  the  bill  ( H.  R.  2265)  entitled  '*An  act  to  equalize  the  rank  of  graduates 
of  the  Naval  Academy  upon  their  a/^ignment  to  the  various  corps"  ... 

On  the  bill  (S.  2105)  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to 
appoint  Passed  Assistant  Engineer  Nathan  B.  Clark,  United  States 
Navy,  a  chief  engineer  on  the  retired  list  of  the  Navy 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1615)  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs  of  the  late  Langley  B. 
Culley _ - .- 


No. 

Vol. 

1 
805 

847 

130 

138 

139 

140 

1 

143 

153 

2 

161 

2 

172 

2 

1  178 

2 

190 

275 
351 

a57 


463 
711 
734 

841 

8TG 


COMMITTEE  ON   PATENTS. 

On  the  bill  (S.  297)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  S.  A.  Wright  and  Mrs.  C.  Fahne- 
stock -._ _-^ ! 

On  the  bill  (S.  298)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Cassidy,  widow  of  j 
Peter  A.  Cassidy,  deceased _ -- j 

On  the  bill  tS.  420)  for  the  relief  of  the  Union  Metallic  Cartridge  Company. 

On  the  bill  (S.  638)  extending  the  patents  of  George  Milsom,  Henry  Spen- 
delow,  and  George  V.  Watson  for  an  improvement  in  the  mode  of  un- 
loading vessels 

Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) 

Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  3) -   - 


8 
49 


79 
79 
79 


2 
3 


3 

7 
7 

7 
7 


1 
1 


1 
1 
1 


XL 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Patents — Continued. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1019)  for  the  relief  of  Peter  K.  Dederick 

On  the  petition  of  William  H.  Ward,  of  Monongahela  City,  Pa.,  praying 
for  relief  and  compensation  for  the  use  of  certain  patents  by  the  United 
States - - 

On  the  bill  (S.  1122)  for  the  relief  of  Michael  H.  Collins 

On  the  bill  (S.  419)  for  the  extension  of  letters  patent  to  the  heirs  of  Ru- 
dolph Leschot,  deceased _ .. 

On  the  bill  (S.  180)  for  the  relief  of  Stephen  N.  Smith 

On  the  bill  (S.  1399)  for  the  relief  of  William  C.  Dodge 

On  the  bill  (S.  1417)  to  empower  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  to  extend 
letters-patent  No.  70012,  granted  to  Gabriel  Neudecker,  October  22, 
1867,  to  Martrom  D.  Lewis,administrator  of  said  Neudecker,  deceased-. 

On  the  bill  (S.  328)  to  authorize  Alexey  Von  Smith  to  bring  suit  in  the 
Court  of  Claims 

On  the  bill  (S.  1832)  for  the  relief  of  William  C.  Dodge 

On  the  bill  (S.  1366)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Elizabeth  Holroyd,  widow 
and  administratrix  of  the  estate  of  John  Holroyd,  deceased 

COMMITTEE  ON   PENSIONS. 

On  the  bill  (S.  238)  for  the  relief  of  Hester  Spring,  widow  of  David 
Spring _ --- 

On  the  bill  (S.  544)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Ely  ah  W.  Penny  . 

On  the  bill  (S.  587)  granting  a  pension  to  Phineas  Gano 

On  the  bill  (S.  359)  granting  a  pension  to  Samuel  P.  Bronson 

On  the  bill  (S.  494)  for  the  relief  of  Nancy  Miller 

On  thebUl  (S.  473)  for  the  relief  of  Francis  Hall .... 

On  the  biU  (S.  466)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  L.  Walker  and  Ella  Walker.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  361)  granting  a  pension  to  John  C.  Hargrave 

On  the  bill  (S.  82)  for  the  relief  of  George  Frick 

On  the  bill  (S.  195)  granting  a  pension  to  Emily  Monroe 

On  the  bill  (S.  1056)  granting  a  pension  to  Sally  Mallory 

On  the  bill  fS.  189)  granting  a  pension  to  Amos  C.  Weeden.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  742)  granting  a  pension  to  Nathan  L.  Meands _ 

On  the  bill  fS.  837)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  Joyce 

On  the  bill  fS.  650)  for  the  relief  of  Elizabeth  Gordon 

On  the  bill  fS.  279)  granting  a  pension  to  Alfred  M.  Jarboe 

On  the  bill  (S.  314)  granting  a  pension  to  John  C.  Hughes 

On  the  biU  (S.  592)  for  the  relief  of  William  Porter ._ 

On  the  bill  (S.  777)  granting  a  pension  to  Albert  Jehle 

On  the  bill  (S.  260)  for  the  relief  of  James  Cloud 

On  the  bill  (S.  745)  granting  a  pension  to  Lewis  Hinn 

On  the  petition  for  the  relief  of  William  Allen 

On  the  petition  of  John  F.  Ballier,  late  colonel  Ninety-eighth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  for  an  increase  of  pension 

On  the  bill  (S.  750)  granting  a  pension  to  Catharine  Schools — 

On  the  bill  (S.  668)  placing  the  nahie  of  Mary  Van  Horn  upon  the  pen- 
sion-roll  -- - 

Oil  the  bill  (S.  626)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Francis  Scott,  late 
private  in  Company  B,  Twenty-third  Regiment  Wisconsin  Infantry 

Volunteers j' 

On  the  bill  IS.  939)  for  the  relief  of  Ezra  Hayes,  of  Oregon 

On  the  bill  (S.  1388)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  General  Ward  B. 

Burnett 

On  the  bill  (S.  1176)  granting  a  pension  to  John  K.  Hummer 

On  the  bill  (8.  1173)  granting  a  pension  to  Catharine  Bullard 

On  the  bill  (S.  266)  granting  a  pension  to  Joseph  McGuckian 

On  the  petition  of  Mary  M.  Watmough  for  arrearages  of  pension 

On  the  bill  fS.  917)  granting  a  pension  to  Alida  Dennis 

On  the  bill  fS.  986)  granting  a  pension  to  Laura  J.  Prine 

On  the  bill  (S.  909)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Martin  Kelly. - 


134 


137 
173 

213 
279 
377 


400 

422 
434 

440 


Vol. 


26 
27 
28 
29 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
6^ 
80 
81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
87 
89 
149 
163 
164 

174 
194 

195 


1 
2 

2 
2 
3 


3 
3 


2 
2 
2 

2 
2 


200 

2 

202 

2 

211 

2 

218 

2 

219 

2 

220 

2 

222 

2 

229 

2 

230 

2 

231 

2 

INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XLI 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Pensions— Continned. 

689)  for  the  relief  of  Elizabeth  A.  Barbour 

828)  grantiug  a  pension  to  Thomas  Patton 

927)  granting  a  pension  to  James  Rockwell 

930)  granting  a  pension  to  Spencer  W.  Tryon _ 

1218)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Samuel  Baker.. 
429)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Laura  C.  T.  Has- 


On  the  bill  (S. 

On  the  bUl  (S. 

On  the  bill  (S. 

On  the  bill  (S. 

On  the  biU  (S 

On  the  bin  (S. 
kins 

On  the  bill  (S.  615)  granting  arrears  of  pension  to  Wellington  V.  Huested. 

On  the  bill  (S.  485)  granting  a  pension  to  L.  V.  HoUyfield __ 

On  the  petition  of  Mrs.  Electa  W.  Jacobs  praying  that  her  name  be  placed 
upon  the  pension-roll 

On  the  bill  (S.  931)  granting  a  pension  to  Amanda  F.  Reeder 

On  the  bill  (S.  928)  granting  a  pension  toSarah  Cadis 

On  the  petition  of  citizens  of  Middlesex,  Vt.,  praying  an  increase  of  pen- 
sion be  granted  to  William  H.  H.  Buck _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  360)  granting  a  pension  to  Maria  Louise  Moss 

On  the  bill  (S.  546)  granting  a  rerating  of  pension  to  Jacob  Meier 


On  the  bill  fS.  283)  to  increase  the  pension  of  George  W.  Bausman 

On  the  bill  (S.  313)  granting  a  pension  to  Charlotte  McCay 

On  the  bill  (S.  707)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Nicholas  W.  Bar- 
nett ._, __. 


On  the  bill  (S,  732)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  J.  Vaughan 

On  thebUl  (S.  905)  for  the  relief  of  Hugh  Dougherty 

On  the  bill  (S.  280)  granting  a  pension  to  Wesley  Morford 

On  the  bill  (S.  605)  granting  a  pension  to  Capt.  Sanderson  H.  Rogers 

On  the  bill  (S.  531)  granting  a  pension  to  Caroline  M.  McDougal 

On  the  petition  of  Dr.  P.  W.  Brsidbury  asking  that  his  name,  be  placed  on 

the  pension-roll 

On  the  bill  (S.  996)  granting  a  pension  to  David  C.  Canfield 

On  the  bill  (S.  976)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Peter  Lennon 

On  the  bill  (S.  337)  granting  pensions  to  Wilson  W.  Brown  and  others 

Views  of  the  minority 

On  the  bill  (S.  772)  granting  a  pension  to  Erastus  W.  Babson 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1433)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  E.  Murray 

Views  of  the  minority 

On  the  bill  (S.  316)  granting  a  pension  to  Katharina  T.  Wunsh 

On  the  bill  (S.  394)  to  restore  the  name  of  Major  D.  Williams  to  the  pen- 
sion-roll  

On  the  petition  of  James  M.  Dalzell  praying  for  arrears  of  pension 

On  the  petition  of  Matilda  Henderson  praying  to  be  restored  to  the  pen- 
sion-roll  1 

On  the  bill  (S.  1299)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Alonzo  B.  Chatfield 

On  the  bill  fS.  998)  granting  a  pension  to  Hermann  Reifenrath 

On  the  bill  fS.  783)  to  increase  the  pension  of  John  Algoe 

On  the  bill  ^S.  1910)  granting  a  pension  to  William  McClure 

On  the  bill  (S.  682)  to  rerate  the  pension  of  Zelora  Crumpacker 

On  the  bill  (S.  281)  granting  a  pension  to  James  S.  Wright 

On  the  bill  fS.  1694)  granting  a  pension  to  Charles  Caddy 

On  the  bill  (S.  1680)  granting  a  pension  to  George  Prince 

On  the  bill  (S.  929)  grantinga  pension  to  Caroline  Trekell 

On  the  petition  of  Jefferson  Fields  for  relief 

On  the  bill  (S.  1360)  giving  a  pension  to  Nina  D.  Gwynne,  of  Kansas  City, 
Mo 


Vol. 


On  the  bill  (S.  1144)  granting  a  pension  to  John  W.  Wright 

On  the  bill  (S.  1114)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  William  Shannon. 
On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2&7)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Samuel  C. 

Wright -_- 

On  the  bOl  (8.  282)  granting  a  pension  to  A.  M.  Wilson 

On  the  bill  (S.  1593)  granting  a  pension  to  Joseph  Groves 

On  the  bill  (S.  990)  for  the  relief  of  John  D.  Marrion -. 

On  the  bill  (S.  670)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Norman  J.  Ingersoll. 


245 
246 
254 
255 
257 

258 
259 
260 

268 
289 
290 

291 
297 
298 
299 
300 

301 
302 
304 
338 
339 
340 

343 
359 
360 
361 
361 
362 
363 
363 
366 

367 
368 

370 
371 
372 
373 
374 
375 
376 
381 
382 
404 
409 

412 
413 
414 

443 
447 
448 
449 
450 


2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

2 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 


XLII 


INDEX    TO    REPORTS    OF    COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


No.    ;  Vol. 


Committee  on  Pensions — Continned. 

On  the  following  resolution:  **  Besolved,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
be  directed  to  report  to  the  Senate  the  names  of  all  pending  applications 
for  pensions  in  which  the  original  applications  have  been  pending  for 
more  than  two  years,  with  the  condition  of  the  same,  and  reasons  why 

the  same  have  not  been  finally  disposed  of" 

On  the  bill  (S.  1407)  to  amend  the  pension  laws, and  for  other  purposes.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1339)  granting  a  pension  to  Frank  Gray 

On  the  bill  (S.  1641)  for  the  relief  of  the  widow  of  Edward  M.  Wilkins 

On  the  bill  (S.  962)  granting  a  pension  to  James  M.  Kirk 

On  the  bill  (S.  963)  to  place  on  the  pen<sion-roll  the  name  of  Philenda 

Carran 

On  the  bill  (S.  202)  for  the  relief  of  John  L.  Cunningham _ 

On  the  petition  of  William  Young  praying  for  a  pension 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  569)  granting  a  pension  to  Reuben  Marshall 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  570)  granting  a  pension  to  M.  H.  Clements , 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  562)  granting  a  pension  to  H.  E.  Van  Trees. __ 

On  the  bill  (S.  484)  granting  a  pension  to  Charles  H.  Noble 

On  the  bill  (S.  784)  granting  a  pension  to  James  S.  Donahue 

On  the  bill  (S.  1200)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  E.  G.  C.  Abbott 

On  the  bill  (S.  1676)  granting  a  pension  to  John  F.  Hinman 

On  the  bill  (S.  1184)  lor  the  relief  of  William  P.  Reid 

On  the  bill  (S.  547)  granting  a  pension  to  John  C.  F.  Beyland - 

On  the  bill  (S.  1259)  granting  arrears  of  pension  to  W.  N.  Berkley 

On  the  bills  (H.  R.  4707  and  S.  1657)  granting  a  pension  to  Louisa  V.  de 

Kilpatrick,  widowof  Maj.  Gen.  Judson  Kilpatrick 

On  the  bill  (S.  993)  for  the  relief  of  Maria  6.  Dunbar .  — .- 

On  the  bill  (S.  1377)  granting  a  pension  to  Jeremiah  P.  Swatzell 

On  the  bill  (S.  1866)  granting  a  pension  to  John  T.  Rudy 

On  the  bill  (S.  1363)  granting  a  pension  to  Frank  S.  Hilliard 

On  the  bill  (S.  475)  granting  arrears  of  pension  to  Emily  Agnel 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4981 )  granting  a  pension  to  Isabella  I.  Ramsdell 

On  the  bill  (S.  773)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Kady  Brownell 


On  the  bill  (S.  1923)  granting  a  pension  to  Clarissa  T.  Males. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1940)  granting  a  pension  to  Thomas  Williams 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3838)  granting  a  pension  to  Theodore  C.  Hawkins 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4188)  granting  a  pension  to  William  W.  Day 

On  the  bill  (S.  1406)  for  the  relief  of  Simon  Severe 

On  the  petition  of  Peter  J.  Reuss  asking  for  arrears  of  pension 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3669)  granting  a  pension  to  Robert  M.  Flack.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1114)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  William  Shannon. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4706)  for  the  relief  of  Charlotte  Day. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1076)  granting  a  pension  to  Miles  B.  Farlin ' 

On  the  bill  (S.  315)  granting  a  pension  to  William  Reinhardt I 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4682)  granting  a  pension  to  Ward  B.  Burnett.      (Views  I 

of  the  minority) , 

On  the  bill  (S.  1367)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  L.  Wetter ! 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2677)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  P.  MacBlair.. I 

On  the  bills  (S.  1180  and  H.  R.  1406)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Mary  ' 

T.  Barnes i 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5259)  granting  a  pension  to  Julia  A.  Ross 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1065)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  George  F.  ' 

Dresser _ I 

On  the  petition  of  Mary  J.  French  for  an  incretise  of  pension.. i 

On  the  bill  (S.  1337J  granting  an  increiise  of  pension  to  Lucy  L.  G.  Jef- 

fers _ 

On  the  bill  (8. 1463)  for  the  relief  of  David  Comprobst ' 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1751)  increasing  the  pension  of  William  R.  Browne I 

On  the  bill  (S.  1225)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  Hopperton,  widow  of  I 

Edward  Hopperton _ _ 

Views  of  the  minority  __ 

On  the  bill  (S.  958)  granting  arrears  of  pension  to  Augustus  D.  Blanchet. 


452 

3 

465 

3 

467 

3 

468 

3 

469 

3 

470 

3 

471 

3 

473 

3 

474 

3 

475 

3 

476 

3 

^77 

3 

478 

3 

479 

3 

480 

3 

497 

4 

499 

4 

500 

4 

501 

4 

503 

4 

504 

4 

508 

4 

509 

4 

510 

4 

523 

4 

524 

4 

525 

4 

526 

4 

530 

4 

631 

1     4 

534 

4 

536 

4 

538 

4 

539 

4 

540 

4 

541 

4 

542 

;      4 

543 

4 

549 

4 

552 

5 

553 

5 

554 

5 

555 

5 

556 

5 

557 

5 

558 

5 

559 

5 

560 

5 

560 

o 

567 

0 

INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XLIII 


Subject. 


On  the  bill  (S. 
On  the  bills  (S. 
On  the  bill  (H. 
OnthebUl(S. 
On  the  bUl  (S. 

Craven 

On  the  bill  (H. 
On  the  bill  (S. 

Eaton 


Committi:e  on  Pensions— Continued. 

1241)  to  amend  the  pension  laws 

1683  and  H.  R.  5443)fortherelief  of  Newton  C.  Ridenour. 
R.  3238)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Flagg 

1119)  for  the  relief  of  John  W.  Brisbois _-. 

1228)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Mrs.  Marie  Louise 


R.  2400)  for  the  relief  of  Judith  Lauter 

468)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Mrs.  Mary  K.  S. 


On  the  bill  (S.*1356)  for  the  relief  of  Caroline  M.  Montgomery 
On  the  bill  (H.  R.  709)  granting  a  pension  to  Robert  L.  Willey. 


On  the  bill  (H.  R.  283)  granting  a  pension  to  Patrick  Horan 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2839)  to  increase  the  pension  of  George  J.  Stannard 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4697)  for  the  relief  of  Rudolph  John  Marti 

On  the  bill  (S.  1068)  granting  a  pension  to  Alexander  Thompson 

On  the  bill  (S.  1095)  granting  a  pension  to  Aaron  Shurtliflf 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4822)  for  the  relief  of  Frances  McNeil  Potter... 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4014)  for  the  relief  of  Isaac  Reed 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2325)  granting  a  pension  to  Helen  M.  Harrison 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1075)  granting  a  pension  to  Caroline  Lauffer 

On  the  bill  (S.  1324)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  William  Taylor.. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1756)  granting  a  pension  to  William  Overmire 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  796)  for  an  increase  of  pension  to  Peter  Lennon 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3656)  granting  a  pension  to  Salome  Ann  Walker 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  501)  for  the  relief  of  Hiram  M.  Howard 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3188)  granting  a  pension  to  Amanda  Cutter.. .-. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1986)  granting  a  pension  to  Frank  F.  Fitkin 

On  the  bill  (S.  2118)  granting  a  pension  to  James  E.  O'Shea 

On  the  bill  (S.  1526)  for  the  relief  of  Maiy  A.  Freeman  ._ _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1507)  to  increase  the  pension  of  John  F.  Stukey 

On  the  bill  (S.  1897)  granting  a  pension  to  James  Mullen. 


568 
571 
595 
596 

597 
598 


On  the  bill  (S.  513)  granting  a  pension  to  James  Coffey,  of  Oregon j 

On  the  bill  (S.  461)  granting  a  pension  to  Warren  Croan i 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4818)  for  the  relief  of  Rose  Ann  Galbraith | 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2979)  granting  a  pension  to  Nancy  Ellis _• 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5258)  granting  a  pension  to  Thomas  Cheshire I 

On  the  bill  (S.  1696)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Richard  Jobes I 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  394)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Jones j 

On  the  petition  of  John  Fletcher  that  a  pension  be  granted  him i 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  825)  granting  a  pension  to  William  J.  Baker 

On  the  bill  (S.  1844)  granting  a  pensiou  to  Bohn  T.  May _ 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4718)  granting  a  pension  to  Caroline  She  ward ! 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4717)  granting  a  pension  to  John  Swearer ' 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4164)  for  the  relief  of  Ellen  Horgon -.| 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1396)  granting  a  pension  to  Frederick  Wilhelm j 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1042)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Sinfield 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1985)  granting  a  pension  to  MelVin  Pierce J 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5999)  granting  additional  pension  to  George  H.  Fluke.,  j 

On  the  bill  (S.  2193)  granting  a  pension  to  Ferdinand  Hercher 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2393)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Mary  McLaughlin.. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  433)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Simpson  Harris ] 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2984)  granting  a  pension  to  Apolline  A.  Blair — 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2473)  for  the  relief  of  Margaret  A.  Caswell 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  591)  granting  a  pension  to  W.  H.  Blake... 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1394)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  P.  Thompson 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2608)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Sarah  Bryant  Leet... 

On  the  bill  (S.  1418)  for  the  relief  of  EvalinaT.  Low 

On  the  petition  of  Martha  A.  F.  Terrett,  widow  of  Colville  Terrett,  late  a 

lieutenant  in  the  United  States  Navy,  for  an  increase  of  pension 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2714)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Thomas  E.  Wilson... 
On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5686)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  J.  Chipman 


Vol. 


5 
5 

7 
7 

7 

7 


599 

7 

600 

7 

601 

7 

602 

7 

603 

7 

604 

7 

605 

7 

606 

7 

608 

\          '^ 

609 

7 

610 

7 

611 

7 

612 

7 

613 

7 

614 

7 

615 

7 

616 

7 

617 

7 

618 

7 

619 

7 

623 

7 

624 

7 

625 

7 

626 

7 

627 

7 

628 

7 

629 

7 

630 

7 

631 

7 

632 

7 

634 

1     7 

635 

7 

636 

1     7 

637 

!    7 

638 

7 

639 

■          7 

640 

!    7 

641 

1    ''' 

642 

7 

643 

7 

644 

7 

645 

i     7 

646 

7 

647 

7 

648 

1     ^ 

649 

1     * 

650 

i     7 

651 

7 

658 

7 

659 

!     7 

662 

1     7 

663 

•  7 

XLIV 


INDEX   TO    REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Pensions — Continaed. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1414)  granting  a  pension  to  William  J.  Hess 

On  the  petition-  of  Cornelia  A.  Stanley,  praying  for  an  increase  of  pen- 
sion   _ _ - 

On  the  petition  of  Anna  Bunington  praying  that  she  be  granted  a  pension 
as  dependent  mother  of  David  N.  Hoyt 

On  the  bill  (S.  1719)  to  rerate  the  pension  of  Lawrence  P.  N.  Landmm. . 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1491)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  L.  Harvey,  mother 
of  G.  B.  Harvey 

On  the  bills  (S.  1431  and  H.  R.  2251)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Dilono  Rob- 

'    inson __ __ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1227)  granting  a  pension  to  Capt.  Israel  Stough 

On  the  bills  (S.  1674  and  H.  R.  4417)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to 
Jacob  Miller _ 

On  the  biU  (S.  1287)  for  the  relief  of  Juliet  H.  Palmer 

On  the  bill  ^H.  R.  4431)  granting  a  pension  to  Leroy  C.  Rankin 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5457J  granting  a  pension  to  Alicia  Durrant 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6530)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Richard  Jobes 

On  the  bill  (S.  1859)  granting  a  pension  to  Clarinda  S.  Hillman 

On  the  bill  (S.  1566)  granting  a  pension  to  Martha  Bastin 

On  the  bills  (H.  R.  4790  and  S.  455)  granting  a  pension  to  Alexander 
Saint  Bernard -^ 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2252)  granting  a  pension  for  the  relief  of  Christopher 
P.  Davidson _ _ 

On  the  bill  CH.  R.  5070)  granting  a  pension  to  Temple  Golden 

On  the  bill  (S.  1322)  granting  a  pension  to  Jane  Welsh 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2372)  for  the  relief  of  Michael  Titler 

On  the  bill  (S.  711J  granting  a  pension  to  Phosbe  H.  Meech 

On  the  bill  (S.  602)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  Lupkin  Merchant 

On  the  petitions  of  Henry  J.  White,  and  others,  praying  that  a  pension 
be  granted  said  White  _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1645)  granting  a  pension  to  Ashael  D.  Whitcomb 

On  the  bill  CR.  R.  1930)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  Nicoll  Crane 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1025)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  Dayton,  widow  of 
Erastus  G.  Dayton -_ 

On  the  bill  (S.  464)  granting  a  pension  to  James  P.  F.  Toby.-. 

On  the  bill  CH.  R.  759)  granting  a  pension  to  Patrick  Droney 

On  the  bill  (S.  23)  to  amend  an  act  granting  a  pension  to  Charles  Slaw- 
son - 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6171)  granting  a  pension  to  Noah  E.  Smith 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  103)  granting  a  i>ension  to  Theresa  Crosby  Watson, 
widow  of  James  M.  Watson,  &te  a  commodore  in  the  United  States 
Navy 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  5894)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Mary  Morris  Husband 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1391)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  Eliza  Dickson,  widow 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Dickson 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2702)  for  the  relief  of  Ellida  J.  Middleton.  (Views  of 
the  minority) 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  747)  granting  a  pension  to  Fannie  C.  Beaumont.  (Views 
of  the  minority ) 

On  the  petition  of  Frederick  Mayer  praying  for  relief 

On  the  petition  of  numerous  citizens  of  Howell  County,  Missouri,  pray- 
ing that  a  pension  be  granted  John  W.  Grammar,  a  soldier  of  the  Mexi- 
can war 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6766)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  the  widow  of 
M^j.  Gren.  John  G.  Foster.     (Views  of  the  minority) 

On  the  bill  (S.  1858)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Henrietta  A.  Lewis,  widow 
of  Capt.  Robert  F.  R.  Lewis,  United  States  Navy.  (Views  of  the  mi- 
nority)  1 ._  , 

On  the  bill  fS.  1286)  for  the  relief  of  Henrietta  M.  Sands 

On  the  bill  (S.  526)  granting  a  pension  to  Julia  T.  Scott 

On  the  bill  (S.  1290)  granting  a  pension  to  William  H.  Hunt 


No. 

VoL 

664 

7 

665 

7 

666 

7 

667 

7 

668 

7 

669 

7 

670 

7 

671 

7 

672 

7 

673 

7 

674 

7 

675 

7 

685 

7 

689 

7 

690 

7 

691 

7 

6&2 

7 

693 

7 

694 

7 

695 

7 

696 

7 

697 

7 

698 

7 

699 

7 

702 

7 

703 

7 

704 

7 

705 

7 

708 

7 

709 

7 

710 

7 

712 

7 

713 

7 

714 

7 

715 

7 

717 

7 

718 

7 

719 

7 

720 

7 

721 

7 

722 

7 

INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XLV 


Subject. 


Vol. 


Committee  on  Pensions — Continaed. 

On  the  bill  fS.  1865}  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Minna  Haeberle. 
On  the  bill  (S.  1134)  for  the  relief  of  Herman  D.  Stratton 


On  Uie  bill  (S.  978)  to  reratethe  pension  of  John  A.  Ford 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1197)  granting  a  pension  to  Anna  M.  Wehe 

On  the  bill  (S.  753)  granting  a  pension  to  Anna  R.  Voorhies 

On  the  bills  (S.  2165  and  H.  ,R.  875)  granting  a  pension  to  P.  W.  Brad- 
bury. 


On  the  bill  (S.  2244)  granting  a  pension  to  James  Brown 

On  the  bill  ^H.  R.  432)  to  increase  the  pension  of  Joseph  B.  Sellers 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3331)  for  the  relief  of  Ann  McCamey 

On  the  bill  (S.  1603)  to  increase  the  pension  of  James  J.  Chase 

On  the  bill  ^S.  912)  granting  a  pension  to  Henry  A.  Armstrong ... 

On  the  bill  (S.  284;  granting  a  pension  to  Henry  J.  Seward 

On  the  bill  (8.  1864)  to  allow  John  Winchell  arrears  of  pension 

On  the  bill  (S.  1840)  granting  a  pension  to  S.  A.  Riggs 

On  the  bill  (S.  1208)  for  the  relief  of  Wilson  G.  Gray 

On  the  bill  (S.  1177^  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Georgetta  Harp.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1726)  granting  a  pension  to  John  M.  Broome 

On  the  bill  fS.  1159)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Eunice  S.  Nicholls 

On  the  bill  (S.  1834)  granting  a  pension  to  Eliza  C.  Woodall 

On  the  bills  (S.  1325  and  H.  R.  2136)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to 

Martin  C.  Harris 

On  the  bills  (S.  1777  and  1942)  for  the  relief  of  Harvey  Smith 

On  the  bill  (S.  2011)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  M.  Lyon 

On  the  bill  (S.  2026)  granting  a  pension  to  Elias  Shelton 


On  the  bill  (H.  R  5595)  granting  a  pension  to  Engene  L.  Townsend 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  554)  granting  a  pension  to  Joseph  T.  Caldwell 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1411)  granting  a  pension  to  Martha  M.  B.  McCnllach. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1181)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann  Lally 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  229)  granting  a  pension  to  Elizabeth  H.  Lawler 

On  the  bills  (H.  R.  4440  and  S.  1421)  granting  a  pension  to  John  Bostater 
On  the  bill  (8. 1656)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Thomas  S.  Brooks 

On  the  petition  of  James  Martin  for  relief 

On  the  petition  of  Charlotte  Brewster  praying  for  arrears  of  pension 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3307)  granting  a  pension  to  Harriet  P.  Dame 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6542)  granting  a  pension  to  Harriett  S.  Brisbine _ 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1751)  increasing  the  pension  of  William  R.  Browne... 

On  the  bill  (s.  1627)  granting  a  pension  to  Flavia  A.  Haskell 

On  the  bill  (8.  1220)  for  the  relief  of  the  heirs  of  Michael  O^Brien 

On  the  bill  ^H.  R.  2543)  granting  a  pension  to  James  Roden 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1164)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  E.  Seymour 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  137)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Betsey  A.  Mower. 
On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1631)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Matthew 

O'Regan ._ _ 

On  the  bill  ^H.  R.  3623)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  E.  Price.. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3294)  grantinga  pension  to  Emma  A.  Porch 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4141)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Rebecca  J.  Pierce... 
On  the  bill  (S..  1398)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Andrew  J.  Bolar.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1430)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  C.  Hall 

On  the  bill  ( H.  R.  2419)  granting  a  pension  to  Robert  Nutt 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3613)  granting  a  pension  to  Ira  McNair  ._ 

On  the  bill  (h.  R.  1998)  for  the  relief  of  WUliam  J.  Sawyer 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6767)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Mrs.  Virginia 

Zeilin _- - — 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  439)  granting  a  pension  to  Bridget  Sherlock,  mother 

of  Stephen  Sherlock -- 

On  the  bill  (S.  1971)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Catharine  H.  Glick, 

.  widow  of  Elias  B.  Glick --     

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  267)  granting  a  pension  to  James  King 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4234)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  Ullery... 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  314)  for  the  relief  of  John  W.  Cummins 


723 
724 
725 
726 

727 

728 
729 
730 
731 
732 
733 
736 
737 
738 
739 
740 
741 
742 
743 

744 
745 
749 
750 
751 
752 
753 
754 
755 
756 
757 
758 
759 
762 
763 
764 
765 
766 
767 
768 
769 

772 
773 
774 
775 
776 
777 
778 
779 
780 

781 

782 

783 
784 
785 
786 


7 

7 
7 

7 
7 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 


7 
7 
7 
7 


XLVI 


INDEX    TO    REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Pensions — Continued. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1569)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Maiy  M.  Ord 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1237)  granting  a  pension  to  Solomon  K.  Ruggles 

On  the  petition  of  certain  citizens  of  Iowa  in  ££ivor  of  granting  a  pension 

to  David  Galbraith 

On  the  petition  of  certain  citizens  of  Iowa  in  favor  of  granting  a  pension  to 

N.  D.  Bates 

On  the  bill  CR.  R.  1977)  for  the  relief  of  Maria  L.  Hammer , 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2017)  granting  a  pension  to  Walter  Dickson 

On  the  bUl  fH.  R.  6529)  for  the  relief  of  John  Kane _. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2378)  restoring  to  the  pension- rolls  the  name  of  John 
^Ijog _^ 

On  the  biil'CH.R.  2447)  for  the  relief  of  Catherine  Terry  "I  II. '"I.  II.. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2660)  granting  a  pension  to  William  Printz 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2425)  gran  tine  a  pension  to  Catharine  Henry 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1897)  granting  a  pension  to  Catherine  Hunter 

On  the  bill  ^S.  2049)  granting  a  pension  to  James  King 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2536]  granting  a  pension  to  Michael  Mack 

On  the  petition  of  James  A.  Quinlan  praying  for  an  increase  of  pension. . 

On  the  bill  (S.  2^350)  granting  a  pension  to  Anna  Ginn 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6085)  granting  a  pension  to  John  A.  Hassell 

On  the  bill  CH.  R.  3171)  granting  a  pension  to  Ella  Stolz 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  5821)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Susannah  Barr 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5723)  granting  a  pension  to  Isabella  Bertha  Weaver  . . 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6184)  granting  a  pension  to  Julia  M.  Reynolds 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2358)  granting  a  pension  to  James  Hawkins 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3737)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann  McLoughlin 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5485)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Samantha  Harriman. 
On  the  bill  (H.  R.  819)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Merritt  Lewis. 
On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1246)  granting  a  pension  to  the  widow  of  Maj,  Gen. 

James  B.  Steedman 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1073)  ^pranting  a  pension  to  William  J.  Lee 

On  the  bill  (K.  R.  5795)  increasing  the  pension  of  Charles  A.  Fuller 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2623)  granting  a  pension  to  Arthur  I.  McConnell 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1410)  granting  a  pension  to  Henry  Schnetberg 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3909)  granting  a  pension  to  George  W.  Wickwire 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5976)  for  the  relief  of  Catharine  Meis 

On  the  bill  (K.  R.  4970)  for  the  relief  of  Nancy  Biser „ 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4439)  granting  a  pension  to  John  R.  Wallace 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1436)  granting  a  pension  to  William  T.  McCoy 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5675)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Susan  J.  McKenney  .. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1823)  granting  a  pension  to  Ebenezer  K.  Marden 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1056)  granting  a  pension  to  Honora  Kelley 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3606)  granting  a  pension  to  Irene  Baker 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4526)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann  Corbin 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5781)  granting  a  pension  to  Solon  L.  Simonds 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5.'^35)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  E.  Seelye, 

ali<is  Franklin  Thompson 

On  the  bills  (H.  R.  4368  and  S.  1226)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to 

Dr.  Samuel  Davis . 

On  the  bill  (S.  1111)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Sally  Rodman, 

widow  of  General  Isaac  P.  Rodman 

On  the  bill  (S.  1112)  granting  a  pension  to  John  Sweeney    

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5636)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  OttoLeissring.. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  837)  granting  a  pension  to  Reuben  J.  Chewning . 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2312)  granting  a  pension  to  Almira  B.  Kaler 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6168)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Harry  D.  F. 

Young 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3625)  <rrantiug  an  increase  of  pension  to  Levi  Anderson. 
On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4767)  granting  a  pension  to  Mary  A.  Henry,  widow  of 

William  Henry ^" ...   __ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1446)  granting  a  pension  to  Lou  Gobright  McFalls 


No. 


787 
788 

790 

791 
792 
793 
794 


Vol. 


836 

837 


7 

7 


7 
7 
7 
7 


795 

7 

796 

7 

797 

7 

798 

7 

799 

7 

800 

7 

801 

7 

808 

7 

809 

7 

810 

7 

811 

7 

812 

7 

813 

7 

814 

7 

815 

7 

816 

7 

817 

7 

818 

7 

819 

7 

821 

7 

822 

7 

823 

7 

824 

7 

825 

7 

826 

7 

827 

7 

828 

7 

829 

7 

830 

7 

831 

7 

832 

7 

833 

7 

834 

7 

835 

7 

838 

7 

839 

7 

840 

7 

848 

7 

849 

7 

850 

7 

851 

7 

852 

7 

853 

7 

INDEX    TO    REPORTS    OF    COMXflTTKES. 


XLVII 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Pensions — Continued. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  943)  granting  a  pension  to  Samuel  Barnard 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1965 J  granting  a  pension  to  John  A.  Crozier , 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4700)  granting  a  pension  to  Simon  E.  Lewis 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  282)  to  reinstate  Cornelius  Fitzgerald  on  the  pension- 
roll 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  254)  granting  a  pension  to  John  Kobbins- 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1894)  granting  a  pension  to  Clark  Roberts 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4568)  granting  a  pension  to  Andrew  J.  Konkle 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  836)  granting  a  pension  to  John  C.  Fenscke 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6786)  granting  a  pension  to  Rivers  Banks 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  555)  granting  a  pension  to  John  Galloup 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  4457)  granting  a  pension  to  J.  G.  Crawford 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2105)  granting  a  pension  to  John  A.  Shuchers 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2091)  granting  a  pension  to  Rebecca  Hall 

On  the  bill  (U.  R.  2089)  granting  a  pension  to  Margaret  Wiggins _. 

On  the  bill  f  H.  R.  1077)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  Miner 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2869)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Martha  H. 

Stribling . 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3591)  granting  a  pension  to  Sarah  A.  Becktel 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4530)  granting  a  pension  to  Patrick  Foley 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  284)  for  the  relief  of  Mary  G.  Hawk _— 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1970)  granting  a  pension  to  Alice  T.  Sherwood 1_. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2245)  granting  a  pension  to  Eliza  A.  Shealey 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  503)  granting  a  pension  to  Hiram  C.  Henderson 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6589)  for  the  relief  of  Asa  Dye 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5889)  granting  a  pension  to  Alonzo  Cooper 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  4694)  granting  a  pension  to  James  Clark 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  3493)  granting  a  pension  to  Ann  Hunter 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3281)  granting  a  pension  to  Michael  Shields 

On  the  bill  (h.  R.  4492)  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Pauline  E.  Millikin 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  4254)  granting  a  pension  to  James  Aaron  — 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  6677)  to  increase  the  pension  of  William  Irving 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  5544)  for  the  relief  of  Laura  Goddard _ 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  2070)  granting  a  pension  to  Decatur  Hamlin 

On  the  bill  (S.  1427)  granting  a  pension  to  Abby  S.  Slocum 

On  the  bill  (S.  150)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Sarah  Denny  Rip- 
ley, widow  of  Brig.  Gen.  James  W.  Ripley... 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  204)  granting  a  pension  to  Susan  T.  Attwater.. 

On  the  bill  fH.  R.  5553)  granting  a  pension  to  Isabella  Palmer 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  1752)  granting  a  pension  to  Maria  L.  Lee _. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4180)  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Rowland  Ward. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5088)  for  the  relief  of  Magdalena  Cook 

On  the  bill  ( H.  R.  2574)  granting  a  pension  to  Rosella  Pegg 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  5888)  granting  a  pension  to  Ellen  O'Brien 

COMMITTEB  ON   POST-OFFICES  AND  POST-ROADS. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1481)  for  the  relief  of  O.  L.  Cochran,  late  postmaster  at 
Houston,  Tex __ 

On  the  bill  (S.  566)  for  the  relief  of  Z.  M.  Pettigrew - 

On  the  bill  (S.  1482)  for  the  relief  of  William  H.  Handle,  of  Nashville, 
Tenn -^ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1017)  to  prohibit  the  mailing  of  newspapers  and  other  pub- 
lications containing  lottery  advertisements,  and  prescribing  a  penalty 

for  the  violation  of  the  same  — - — 

Viewsoftheminority 

On  the  bill  (S.  493)  for  the  relief  of  C.  S.  Moss 

On  the  bill  (S.  1018)  to  amend  sections  3929  and  4041  of  the  Revised 
•Statutes  authorizing  the  Postmaster-General  to  prohibit  the  delivery 
of  registered  letters  and  the  payment  of  money-orders,  and  providing 
for  the  return  thereof 


No. 

Vol. 

854 

7 

855 

7 

856 

7 

860 

7 

861 

7 

862 

•7 

863 

7 

864 

7 

865 

7 

866 

7 

867 

7 

868 

7 

869 

7 

870 

7 

871 

7 

873 

7 

874 

7 

875 

7 

877 

7 

878 

7 

879 

7 

880 

7 

881 

7 

882 

7 

883 

7 

884 

7 

885 

7 

886 

7 

887 

7 

888 

7 

889 

7 

890 

7 

891 

7 

892 

7 

894 

7 

895 

7 

896 

7 

897 

7 

898 

.  7 

899 

7 

900 

7 

166 
209 

210 


233 
233 
281 


2 
2 


2 


2 
2 
2 


288 


XLVIII 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


Committee  on  Post-Offices  and  Post-"Road8 — Continued. 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  13)  to  reappropriate  and  apply  the  amount 
appropriated  by  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1877,  to  pay 
certain  Southern  mail  contractors 

On  the  bill  (S.  1450)  for  the  readjustment  of  compensation  for  the  trans- 
portation of  the  mails  on  railroad  routes 

On  the  bill  (S.  1455)  for  the  relief  of  D.  O.  Adkinson 

On  the  amendment  intended  to  be  proposed  by  Mr.  Hoar  to  bill  (H.  R. 
5459)  making  appropriations  for  the  service  of  the  Post-Office  Depart- 
ment for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1885,  and  for  other  purposes.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1727)  to  grant  letterH^arriers  at  free-delivery  offices  thirty 
days'  leave  of  absence  in  each  year 

On  the  bill  (S.  17)  "  to  provide  for  the  establishment  of  a  postal  telegraph 
system,"  (S.  2^)  "to  establish  a  system  of  postal  telegraph  in  the 
United  States,"  and  (S.  1016)  "to  provide  for  the  transmission  of  corre- 
spondence by  telegraph, "  aqd  which  was  also  instructed  by  the  Senate 
to  inquire  "  whether  the  cost  of  telegraphic  correspondence  between  the 
several  States  and  Territories  of  the  United  States  or  with  foreign  coun- 
tries has  been  iiyuriously  affected  by  large  stock  dividends  made  by  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  by  consolidation  between  different 
telegraph  companies,  by  working  contracts  with  cable  companies,  by 
leasing  of  connecting  or  competing  lines,  or  by  other  means,"  together 
with  an  accompanying  bill  (S.  2022) 


cx>mmitte£  on  printing. 


On  a  letter  from  Parsons  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  asking  an  investigation  into 
the  tardy  mail  delivery  of  their  bids  for  supplying  paper  for  the  Grov- 
emment  Printing  Office. > -.. 


committee  on  pbivileges  and  elections. 

On  the  Senate  resolutions  of  January  29  and  February  4, 1884,  to  inquire, 
among  other  things,  into  events  preceding  and  connected  with  the  re- 
cent election  at  Danville,  Va 

On  the  resolution  of  the  Senate  to  inquire  into  certain  alleged  'occurrences 
in  the  State  of  Mississippi,  and  into  the  condition  of  the  constitutional 

rights  of  the  people  of  that  State 

Views  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) .„ _ 

On  resolution  of  the  Senate  to  inquire  into  all  the  circumstances  of,  and 

connected  with,  the  alleged  massacre  of  colored  men  at  Danville,  Ya 

Yiews  of  the  minority.     (Part  2) . 

On  the  bill  (S.  408)  concerning  Federal  elections 

On  the  petition  of  Maria  G.  Underwood,  administratrix  of  John  C.  Under- 
wood, deceased,  asking  payment  for  salary  and  mileage  of  the  said  John 
C.  Underwood  from  the  4th  of  March,  1865,  to  the  4th  of  March,  1871  .. 

committee  on   public  buildings  and  GB0UND8. 

On  the  bill  (S.  1473)  to  enlarge  the  United  States  custom-house  at  Rich- 
mond, Ya._ _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  574)  appropriating  money  for  the  purchase  of  a  site  and 
the  erection  of  a  suitable  building  for  the  United  Statedl  courts,  post- 
office,  and  other  Government  offices  in  the  city  of  Winona,  State  of 
Minnesota _ _._ 

On  the  bill  (S.  1885)  for  the  erection  of  a  public  building  at  Wilmington, 
Del 

On  the  bill  (S.  1978)  authorizing  the  partition  of  certain  land  in  Louis- 
ville, Ey.,  belonging  jointly  to  John  Echols  and  the  Government  of 
the  United  States 


322 

379 
402 


430 
456 


577 


369 


241 


748 


142 


191 
421 

562 


Yol. 


3 
3 


3 
3 


512 

4 

512 

4 

579 

6 

579 

6 

746 

7 

2 
3 


INDEX  TO  REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 


XLIX 


Sabject. 


COMMITTEE  ON   PUBLIC  LANDS. 

On  the  bill  (8.  258)  donating  a  part  of  the  abandoned  military  reserva- 
tioDat  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  to  the  city  of  Fort  Smith  for  the  ose  and 
benefit  of  the  free  public  schools  thereof,  and  for  other  purpoeeH 

On  the  bill  (S.  74)  to  enable  the  State  of  Colorado  to  take  lands  in  lieu 
of  the  sixteenth  and  thirty-sixth  sections  found  to  be  mineral  lands, 
and  to  secure  to  the  State  of  Colorado  the  benefit  of  the  act  of  July  2, 
1862,  entitled  ''An  act  donating  public  lands  to  the  several  States  and 
TerritorieB  which  may  provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture 
and  the  mechanic  artB'' 

On  the  bill  (S.  260)  for  the  relief  of  M.  P.  Jonee '.[ 

On  the  bill  (S.  241)  to  repeal  section  8  of  an  act  entitled  ''An  act  to  ac- 
cept and  ratify  the  agreement  submitted  by  the  confederated  bands  of 
Ute  Indians  in  Colorado  for  the  sale  of  their  reservation  in  said  State, 
and  for  other  purposes,  and  to  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for 
carrying  out  the  same,"  approved  June  15,  1880. _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  503)  to  increase  the  endovnnent  of  the  University  of  Ala- 
bama from  the  public  lands  in  said  State _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  356)  for  the  relief  of  Millie  E.  Hays,  widow  of  John  Hays, 


Vol. 


9 


11 
25 


On  the  bill  (S.  352)  for  the  relief  of  Thomas  H.  Reeves . 

On  the  bill  (S.  551)  to  extend  the  laws  of  the  United  States  over  certain 
unorganized  territory  south  of  the  State  of  Kansas 

On  Uie  bill  (S.  57)  for  the  relief  of  settlers  and  purchasers  of  lands  on  the 
public  domain  in  the  States  of  Nebraska  and  Kansas 

On  the  Senate  resolution  directing  the  investigation  of  the  issue  of  scrip 
to  the  heirs  of  Israel  Dodge 

On  the  bill  (S.  554)  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  General  Land  Office. 

On  Uie  bill  (S.  502)  to  increase  the  salary  of  the  Commissioner  of  the  Gen- 
end  Land  Office,  and  to  create  the  offices  of  Assistant  Commissioner  of 
the  General  Land  Office  and  inspectors  of  surveyors-general  and  dis- 
trict land  offices - - _ 

On  the  bill  (S.  323)  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  make 
allowances  for  rent  of  United  States  land  offices 

On  the  bill  fS.  510)  for  the  relief  of  B.  Jennings -- 

On  the  bill  (S.  1574)  for  the  sale  of  the  Cherokee  Reservation  in  the  State 
of  Arkansas . 

On  the  bill  (S.  1445)  to  provide  for  the  settlement  of  the  rights  of  the 
States  and  of  the  corporations  and  persons  interested  in  any  grant  of 
lands  in  aid  of  railroads  and  canals  which  shall  be  hereafter  declared 
forfeited  by  act  of  Congress 

On  the  bill  (S.  1047)  for  the  relief  of  Wesley  Montgomery 

On  the  bill  (S.  428)  to  forfeit  certain  public  lands  granted  to  the  Oregon 
Central  Railroad  Company  in  the  State  of  Oregon  and  the  Territory  of 
Washington    ,» 

On  the  bill  (S.  559)  to  quiet  the  title  of  settlers  on  the  Des  Moines  River 

lands,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  and  for  other  purposes 

Views  of  the  minority _ _. 

On  the  bill  (S.  2124)  to  authorize  a  suit  to  settle  the  boundaries  of  the  grant 
known  as  Rancho  Corte  de  Madera  del  Presidio,  and  for  other  purposes. 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  3933)  to  declare  a  forfeiture  of  lands  granted  to  the 
Texas  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and  for  other  purposes.  (Views  of  the 
minority)  — 

On  the  bill  (S.  2036)  to  forfeit  the  unearned  lands  granted  to  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  a  railroad  from 
Lake  Superior  to  Puget  Sound,  and  to  restore  the  same  to  settlement, 
and  for  other  purposes 


33 

50 

77 
78 

• 

90 

131 

135 
150 

2 

151 

152 

198 

287 


305 
336 


358 

425 
425 

*485 


607 


804 


1 
1 


2 
2 


2 
2 


3 
3 

3 
7 


*  In  Uca  of  No.  1,  which  was  reooramitied  to  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands  December  10, 1883. 

S.  Rep. IV 


INDEX    TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES. 


Subject. 


COMMITTES  ON  BAILBOADS. 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  21)  for  the  relief  of  the  Kansas  City,  Fort 

Scott  and  Gulf  Railroad  Company _-_ - 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  4)  to  provide  for  the  settlement  of  accounts 

with  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railway  Company 

On  the  bill  (S.  1373)  granting  right  of  way  to  the  Cinnabar  and  Clark's 

Fork  Railroad  Company - 

On  the  bill  (S.  1642)  to  incorporate  the  Spokane  Falls  and  Cceur  d' Alene 

Railway  Company - - 

COMMITTEE  ON  BULES. 

On  the  House  resolution  of  June  14, 1884,  authorizing  its  Clerk  to  change 
the  word  "of"  in  bill  H.  R.  2344,  entitled  "An  act  for  the  relief  of 
MelissaG.  Polar" 


Vol. 


COMMITTEE  ON   TEBBITOBIES. 

On  the  bill  (S.  153)  providing  a  civil  government  for  the  Territory  of 
Alaska... - 

On  the  bill  (S.  1682)  to  enable  the  people  of  that  part  of  the  Territory  of 
Dakota  south  of  the  forty-sixth  parallel  of  north  latitude  to  form  a  con- 
stitution and  State  government,  and  for  the  admission  of  the  State  into 
the  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States,  and  for  other 
purposes.. 

On  the  bill  (S.  954)  for  the  relief  of  F.  Prosch  and  T.  F.  McElroy 

On  the  bill  (S.  1898)  to  provide  for  the  formation  and  admission  into  the 
Union  of  the  State  of  Tacoma,  and  for  other  purposes 

On  the  bill  (H.  R.  4713)  entitled  *'An  act  requiring  the  governors  of  cer- 
tain Territories  to  be  residents  of  said  Territories  at  least  two  years  pre- 
ceding appointment"  ._ _ 

On  the  Dill  (H«  R.  6074)  entitled  "An  act  to  change  the  eastern  and  north- 
em  judicial  districts  of  the  State  of  Texas,  and  to  attach  a  part  of  the 
Indian  Territory  to  said  districts,  and  for  other  purposes" 

On  the  biU  (H.  R.  1565)  to  authorize  the  appointment  of  a  commission  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States  to  run  and  mark  the  boundary  lines 
between  a  portion  of  the  Indian  Territory  and  the  State  of  Texas,  in 
connection  -with  a  similar  commission  to  be  appointed  by  the  State  of 

Texas — _ 

r 
COMMITTKE  ON  WOMAN  SUFFBAGi:* 

On  the  joint  resolution  (S.  Res.  19)  proposing  an  amendmcntt  to  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  United  States -- 


SELECT  COMMITTEE  TO  EXAMINE   CEBTAIN    MATTEBS  IN  OOdVNECnON 
WITH  THE  IMPBOYEMEKT  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI  BlVlXk, 


On  Mississippi  River  improvements 


JOINT  COMMISSION  ON  THE  EQUALIZATION  OF  THE  SALABIES  OF  THE 
0FFICEB8  AND  £MPI/)YES  OF  THE  TWO  HOUSES  OF  CONGBESS. 

On  the  question  of  the  salaries  and  compensation  of  the  officers  and  em^ 
ploy^  of  the  Senate  and  House 


14 

1 

217 

2 

239 

2. 

398 

3 

716 


320 
355 

462 


496 


575 


576 


399 


36 


13 


2 
3 


REPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES,  BY  WHOM  MADE,  AND  FROM  WHAT 

COMMITTEE. 

[Note.— Only  200  copies  of  Report  No.  2  printed,  for  the  uee  of  the  Senate.] 

COMMITTEE  ON   APPROPRIATIONS. 

No. 

By  Mr.  Allison... _ 633  760 

By  Mr.  Hale 405,807 

COMMITTEE  ON  CLAIMS. 

By  Mr.  Cameron,  of  Wisconsin.. -.16, 17, 18, 19, 20,  21,  37,  38,  70, 100, 119,122, 144, 145, 

146,  156,  270,  307,  327,  328,  329,  330,  331,  347,  427, 
428,  429,  460,  472,  490,  495, 516,  517,  546,  681,  582, 
58:?,  584,  585,  586,  587,  656,  657,  676,  677,  707,  843, 
844 

By  Mr.  Hoar 23, 39, 40, 67, 69, 112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 124, 125, 126. 306, 324, 325, 350, 

390,  395, 396,  513,  519,  520,  547,  580,  588,  589,  590,  591,  592,  593,  735 

By  Mr.  Pike 24,  48,  71,  121, 167,  205,  216,  238,  332,  333, 334,  335, 678, 679,  680, 681, 

682,  683,  684,  686 
By  Mr.  Dolph..6,  22,  47,  96,  113, 127, 165, 204, 236, 240, 272,  273, 311,  391,  403  (Part  2), 

416,  457,  461,  489,  522,  550,  620,  621,  622,  842 

By  Mr.  Mandereon 5,  44,  45,  46,  73,  95,  132,  207,  314,  323,  458,  459,  491,  492,  493, 

545,  564,  572,  573,  845,  846 

By  Mr.  Jackson 15,  41,  42,  43,  66,  68,  93, 133, 148,  269,  326, 403,  456,  518 

By  Mr.  George 72,  75,  97,  99,  116,  123, 147,  344,  387,  388,  389,  488,  521 

By  Mr.  Kenna — 65,  91,  92,  236,  237,  309,  397,  454,  565 

By  Mr.  Fair 168,274,561,569,570,802,859 

COMMITTEE  ON  COMMERCE. 

By  Mr.  McMillan 872 

By  Mr.  Dolph 276,  494 

COMMITTEE  ON  THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

By  Mr.  Riddleberger 94, 154 

By  Mr.  Pike 129, 136,  176, 177,  215,  401,  420,  433,  574, 858 

By  Mr.  Palmer 169 

By  Mr.  Harris 141 

By  Mr.  Vance _.  128,533 

COMMITTEE  ON  EDUCATION  AND  LABOR. 

By  Mr.  Blair 101, 101  (Part  2),  102,  435,  444,  820,  857 

By  Mr.Mahone 806 

COMMITTEE  ON  FINANCE. 

By  Mr.  Morrill 12,  282,  303,  319,  346,  362,  353,  364 

By  Mr.  Sherman 578,789 

By  Mr.  Allison 192,295,606,701 

By  Mr.  Miller,  of  New  York 261 

By  Mr.  Bayard 4,318 

By  Mr.  Voorhees 86,408 

By  Mr.  Beck 107,197,294,349,366,662 

By  Mr.  McPherson 502 

By  Mr.  Harris 223,224,292,426,438 

COMMITTEE    ON   FISHERIES. 

ByMr.Lapham... 700,706 

LI 


UI  INDEX   TO  REPOBTS  OF  COMMITTEES. 

COMHITTEE  ON    yOBEIOK    BELATIONa. 

So. 

By  Mr.  MUler,  of  Califomift 277,278,  345, 3M,  431,433,  4frl,  &19,  Ml, 566 

By  Mr.  Sbenuan 76  (Part  2),  310,  419 

By  Mr.  Lapham 365,392 

By  Mr.  Wilson _ 201,206,411 

By  Mr.  MorKan _ 76,111,393,893 

By  Mr.  Vaoce 34.5  (Part  2) 

COHHIITBE  OK  INDIAN  APFAIBS. 

By  Mr.  Dawes ___ 231,283 

By  Mr.  lugatlf 232,761 

By  Mr.  Harrison 348 

By  Mr.  Cameron,  of  Wiicoiwm 35,60,64,262,380,5:17,771 

By  Mr.  Bowbh 203,423 

By  Mr.  SlaUr 32,208 

COMMITTKE  ON  THE  JUDIOIAKY. 

By  Mr.  Logan 532 

By  Mr.  Garland 88,244 

By  Mr.  Pugh 10 

COXHITTKE  ON  THX  LIBRARY. 

By  Mr.  Bherman .: _ 267,544 


COMMITTKB  ON  MILITARY  A 

By  Mr.  Logan 63,  74  (Part  2),  366 

By  Mr.  Harrieon 58,59,155,157,169,175,100,203,308,313,313,315,316,317,364, 

378, 383, 386,  430, 441,  442.  486,  467 

ByMr.  8ewBll - 61,74,08,120,321,445,446,  453,514,  515,847 

ByMr.  Hawley -- ._ 264,265,  280,424,  436,661,803 

By  Mr.  Cockrdl 30,  31,  34.  57, 108,  liio    i-  1 184, 185, 186, 103,  214,  225,  242,  247, 

248,  248,  250, 251,  J ".  ^  ;--.3,  296,  385, 410, 417, 481, 482, 483, 484, 
506,  507,  653,  654,  vv..  -;-8,  747,  805 

ByMr.Max«7 103, 104, 106, 106, 158, 1  ■!,  1  -0, 181, 182, 188, 196,  2J2, 221,266, 284, 

285,  384,  406,  407,  636,  663,  770 

By  Ht.  Hampton 109.  110,  182,  187, 188, 228, 243,  271,  SS8, 203, 342,  415, 418, 437, 

408,  511, 687 
By  Mr.  Camden 170,  171,  226,  227, 337, 341,  451,  527,  528,529, 594 

COMHITTBB  ON  NAVAL  APPAIB8. 

By  Mr.  Anthony 130 

By  Mr.  Hale - 153, 161,876 

By  Mr.  Miller,  of  California 143,172,463,711,841 

By  Mr.  McPhBiwrn 178,734 

ByMr.  Jones,  of  Florida 138,  139,  140,  190,275,357 

By  Mr.  Farley 351 


ByMr.  Piatt -7,  134,  137,213,279,  400,  422 

By  Mr.  Mitchell 79  (Part  2),  79  (Part  3),  173,  377 

ByMr.  Lapham -..       49,79 

ByMr.  CaU - 8,434^440 

COHUITTEE  0^   PB^S  ONS 

By  Mr.  Mitehell 28,  29,  63  &1      1  9   '>0'  259  260, 368, 375,  376, 381, 409,  414, 

447,  448  *        1        19  470  471  508,509,510,526,539,540,555, 

568,  601  6  1  ^^4   626  626,  627,  628,  629,  G30,  631,  632, 

633,  f)44   f  I  6      685  704,  706.  732,  733,  751,  752.  763, 

754,7^  m  78-  788,706,797,708,799,801,811, 

812,  813  f  ■^  C23  H37  861,873,874,875,886,887,  895, 

898,899 

By  Mr.  Blair... .246,  246,  297   298  299  300  301   303  361,  362,  363,  382,  443, 623, 524, 

525,  538,  543   564   660  708   709   713,  714,  718,  719,  762,  763,  764, 

766,  766,  767,    68.  769,  818,  819,  820,  830,  831,  832,  8:t3.  834,  835, 

836,  838,  839,  840,  848,  849,  &50,  865,  878,  879,  892,  900 


INDEX   TO   REPORTS   OF   COMMITTEES.  LIII 

Committee  on  Pensions — Continued. 

No. 

By  Mr.  Van  Wyck 62,  200,  231,  366,  367,  530,  531,  541, 542,  702, 703,  729,  772,  773, 

774,  775,  776,  777,  778,  851,  852,  853,  854,  863,  864,  865,  866, 
867,  868,  869,  870,  871,880,  881,  882,  883,  884,  885,  888,  889, 
890   891    896   897 

By  Mr.  Cullom 51,  52,  174,  218,  219,  220,  370,  371,  372,  373.  374,  473,  474,  475,  476, 

477,  497,  499,  500,  501,  553,  557,  571,  670,  671,  672,  689,  690,  712, 
755,  756,  860,  862,  877,  894 

By  Mr.  Sabin - 339,  340,  343 

Bv  Mr.  Slater 258,  338,  359,  360,  404, 467, 559,  612,  613,  614,  635,  636.  637,  638,  691, 

757,  808,  815,  816,  817,  824 

By  Mr.  Jackson 26,  27,  55.  56,  81,  82,  83,  194,  195,  229,  230,  254,^65,  289,  290,  291, 

412,413,  449,  465,  466,  504,  534,  536,  556,  558,  567,  604,  605,  606, 
648,  649,  650,  651,  660,  665,  666,  667,  668,  669,  692,  693,  694,  695, 
696,  697,  717,  720,  721,  722,  723,  724,  725,  726,  727,  728,736,  737, 
738,  739,  740,  741,  742,  743,  744,  745 

By  Mr.  Camden _. 80, 149,  211,  304,  478,  479,  480,  503,  549,  552 

By  Mr.  Colquitt-. 87,  163,  164,  222.  257,  268,  450,  646,  647,  782,  783 

By  Mr.  Wilson 595,  596,  697,  598,  599,  600,  608,  609,  610,  611,  615,  616,  617,  618, 

619,  634,  639,  640,  641,  642,  643,  658,  659,  662,  663,  664,  698,  699, 
710,  715,  730,  731,  749,  750,  779,  780,  781,  790,  791,  792,  793,  794, 
795,  809,  810,  825,  826,  827,  828,  856 

CX)MMITTEE  ON  POST-OFFICES  AND  POST-KOADS. 

By  Mr.  Hill 430,456,577 

By  Mr.  Mahone - - 281 

By  Mr.  Palmer - 379 

By  Mr.  Wilson 209,  233,  402 

By  Mr.  Maxey... - - -166,  210,  322 

By  Mr.  Jackson 288 

COMMITTEE  ON  PRINTING. 

By  Mr.  Hawley 369 

COMMITTEE  ON  PBIVILEOES  AND  ELECTIOJ^S. 

By  Mr.  Hoar -.- '.... 512 

By  Mr.  Sherman 241 

By  Mr.  Lapham 579,746,748 

By  Mr.  Saulabuiy ..612  (Part  2) 

By  Mr.  Vance 679(Part2) 

COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS  AND  GROUNDS. 

By  Mr.  Mahone 142,  191,  562 

By  Mr.  Cameron,  of  Wisconsin—- 421 

COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

By  Mr.  Plumb 77,  78,  425,  485* 

By  Mr.  Hill 11,33 

By  Mr.  Van  Wyck ._ 131,  336 

By  Mr.  Dolph 26,  90,  135,  150, 151, 152 

By  Mr.  Walker , 9, 287 

By  Mr.  Morgan _ - 60,  305,  607 

By  Mr.  Slater 198,368,804 

COMMITTEE  ON  RAILROADS. 

By  Mr.  Sawyer 14,239,398 

By  Mr.  Brown .  — _ 217 

COMMITTEE  ON  RULES. 

ByMr.^Frye 716 

COMMITTEE  ON  TERRITORIES. 

By  Mr.  Harrison 3,320 

By  Mr.  Piatt 462 

By  Mr.  Butter 366 

By  Mr.  Garland 496 

By  Mr.  Vest _ 676,576 

•  In  lieu  of  No.  1,  which  was  recommitted  to  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands  December  10, 1883. 


LFY  INDEX    TO    BEPOITS    OP    COMMITTEES. 

KjKXrTTKZ  OX   WOXAX   ^TTTKAC^C. 


Bj  Mr.  Pall 


.BTT  fldXimr   T-i    rX.lNIVE   CEKTJIX    XiTTTK>    IS    v'>VSElTl'>!«    wrTH 
THE   IHP&'VEXEVT  or  THE  IT^f'-'t-im    XIVTM. 


Bi  Mr.  Lo^an  .. 


Ev  Mr.  PUtt.. 


ZAT!"!'  or  THE  -AI-IKIE:?  up  I 

FHK  T«'0   H^y  -£^  uF   •.1-\<>KE^. 


Ur  JUIL£JUUA£I   rfiUilUUlB. 


REPORT 


MITTEE  ON  FOREIGN  RELATIONS 


IN  BRSPOXeS  7 


THE  SKCOND  BRANCH  OF  SENATE  RESOLUTION 
or  JANUARY  22,  1884. 


LFV  INDEX   TO   BEP0RT8   OP   COMMITTEES. 

COMMITTBB  ON  WOMAN  SUFFBAGE. 

No. 

By  Mr.  Palmer 399 

SELECT  COMMITTEE  TO   EXAMINE   CERTAIN    MATTERS   IN  ^CONNECTION   WITH 

THE  IMPROVEMENT  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI   r'iVER. 

By  Mr.  Logan _ . 36 

JOINT  COMMISSION  ON  THE    EQUALIZATION  OF  THE  SALARIES  OF  THE  OFFI- 
CERS AND  EMPIX)YE8  OF  THE  TWO  HOUSES  OF  CONGRESS. 

By  Mr.  Piatt 13 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  i  Report 

Ist  Sejfsion,        \  (No.  561. 


FOREIGN  TARIFFS. 


DISCRIMINATIONS  AOAINST  THE  IMPORTATION 

OF  AMEBIOAN  FBODUGTS. 


REPORT 


BY  THE 


COMMITTEE  ON  FOREIGN  RELATIONS 


IN  RE8PON8B  TO 


THE  SECOND  BRANCH  OF  SENATE  RESOLUTION 

OF  JANUARY  22,  1884. 


WASHINGTON: 

OOySRNMENT  PBINTINO  OFFICB. 

1884. 


^ 


iSTH  CoNOBBSS, )  SENATE.  j  Bepobt 

Isi  Session.       (  )  No  "551. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Mat  14, 1834.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  MiLLEB,  of  California,  from  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Belations^ 

submitted  the  following 

KEPORT: 

The  Committee  on  Foreign  RelationSj  to  whom  teas  referred  the  resolution 
of  the  Senate^  (idopted  January  22;  1884,  which  is  as  follows — 

Retolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations  be  instructed  to  inquire  into 
and  report  to  the  Senate  such  legislation  as  shall  protect  our  interests  against 
thoee  Governments  which  have  prohibited  or  restrained  the  importation  of  meats 
from  the  United  States ;  and  the  committee  is  further  instructed  to  report  what 
discriminations  are  made  against  exports  from  the  United  States  by  the  tariff  laws 
of  the  principal  countries  of  Europe  and  America,  especially  Franco,  Germany, 
Mexico,  and  Brazil,  by  reason  of  commercial  or  other  special  treaties  or  agree- 
menta  with  more  favored  nations,  and  to  report  the  causes  which  led  to  such  dis- 
criminations, the  efforts,  if  any,  that  have  been  made  to  remove  them,  and  what 
legislation,  if  any,  is  necessarv  to  place  the  United  States  on  an  equal  footing  with 
the  most  favored  nations.  This  investigation  is  not,  however,  to  delay  the  action 
of  the  committee  on  the  first  branch  of  this  resolution — 

having  made  report  on  the  19th  of  March  last  {Senate  Report  JVb.  345, 
Forty-eighth  Congress)  upon  the  first  clause  of  the  foregoing  resolution^ 
beg  leave  to  submit  now  the  following  report  upon  the  second  branch  of 
the  same : 

The  documents  hereto  appended,  and  made  a  part  hereof,  which  have 
been  famished  the  committee  by  the  Secretary  of  State,  with  his  letter 
of  transmittal,  under  date  of  March  4,  1884,  which  are  the  tariff  laws, 
import  and  export  of  the  principal  countries  of  the  world,  and  com- 
ments thereon  by  various  officers  of  the  United  States,  contain  much, 
it  is  believed,  which  will  serve  to  answer  the  several  questions  pro- 
I>ounded  by  the  above  resolution. 

In  answer  to  the  question  embraced  in  the  resolution  as  to  ^^  what  dis- 
criminations are  made  against  exports  from  the  United  States  by  the 
tariff  laws  of  the  principal  countries  of  Europe,"  &c.,  it  may  be  stated, 
generally,  that  none  of  the  tariffs  of  the  countries  of  Europe  or  America 
contain  specific  discriminations  against  merchandise  imported  from  the 
United  States,  but  the  discriminations  found  in  the  tariff  systems  of 
some  of  the  countries  whose  laws  are  hereto  appended,  particularly 
France  and  Austria-Hungary,  against  merchandise  imported  from  non- 
treaty  countries,  necessarily  result  in  placing  importations  from  the 
United  States  at  serious  disadvantage.  For  example,  on  account  of  the 
great  difference  between  the  rates  of  duty  imposed  upon  American  goods 
by  the  general  tariff,  and  the  rates  imposed  upon  like  goods  imported 
from  treaty  countries  under  the  conventional  tariff',  much  of  our  mer- 
chandise cannot  reach  the  French  markets,  except  through  those  coun- 
tries having  commercial  treaties  with  France,  such  as  Great  Britain, 


II  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Italy,  &c.  In  illaBtration,  it  may  be  stated  that  alcohol,  if  imported 
directly  from  the  United  States  into  France,  pays  a  duty  of  30  francs 
per  hectolitre,  while  the  same  article  if  imported  from  England  is  sub- 
ject to  15  francs  per  hectolitre.  Cotton  tissues  imported  from  the  United 
States  into  France  pay  nearly  three  times  the  duty  which  the  same  arti- 
cle pays  if  imported  from  Great  Britain,  and  so  of  other  articles. 
In  the  Austro-Hungarian  tariff  is  found  the  following  provision : 

Goods  coming  from  countries  wLicL  treat  Aastrian  and  Hungarian  vessels  or  goods 
of  Austrian  and  Hungarian  origin  witb  less  favor  than  the  vessels  or  goods  of  other 
nations  are  subject  on  entering  to  an  additional  payment  of  HO  per  cent.,  and  if  the 
tariff  declares  them  to  be  free,  then  a  special  ad  valorem  duty  wiU  be  levied  upon 
them. 

This  provision  is  far-reaching  and  announces  a  principle  which  seems 
to  go  farther  than  that  which  underlies  the  French  discriminations  in 
favor  of  the  countries  whose  importations  come  within  the  conventional 
tariffs.  By  this  provision  Austria-Hungary  makes  declaration  of  the 
right  to  inquire  not  only  whether  there  is  a  treaty  with  the  country  of 
origin  of  the  goods,  but  also  whether,  even  if  there  is  a  treaty,  any  other 
country  enjoys  any  favor  which  is  not  granted  by  an  existing  treaty  to 
Austria-Hungary.  If  this  principle  be  admitted,  a  nation  without  com- 
mercial treaties,  or  which  has  unsatisfactory  commercial  relations  with 
other  countries,  may,  by  the  simple  expedient  which  Austria-Hungary 
has  adopted,  impose  discriminations  against  the  commerce  of  those  na- 
tions who  have  not  or  do  not  place  her  upon  an  equal  footing  of  the 
most  favored  nations. 

Our  Government  has  never  regarded  a  reciprocity  treaty,  or  a  treaty 
which  accords  reciprocal  advantages  in  the  matter  of  tariff  rates  to  the 
parties  making  the  treaty  under  peculiar  conditions,  as  any  discrimina- 
tion against  other  nations  in  respect  of  whom  such  conditions  do  not 
exist,  and  who  may  not  enter  into  like  arrangements.  It  has  been  held 
uniformly  by  our  Government  that  the  most  favored  nation  clause  does 
not  apply  to  such  arrangements.  The  right  to  purchase  by  just  reci- 
procity from  other  nations  privileges  equivalent  to  those  we  give  has 
been  asserted  and  thus  far  successfully  maintained  without  admitting 
to  the  same  privileges  all  those  nations  with  whom  we  have  treaties 
containing  the  most  favored  nation  clause. 

On  the  other  hand,  where  other  nations  have  among  themselves  re- 
ciprocal commercial  arrangements,  the  United  States  cannot  claim  to 
share  in  the  benefits  or  privileges  of  such  arrangements,  which  are 
acquired  only  by  purchase  or  reciprocal  compensations.  It  would  seem 
that  the  only  method  by  which  the  United  States  may  consistently  or 
practically  be  made  to  share  in  the  benefits  of  the  conventional  cariffs 
of  other  countries  is  by  diplomatic  negotiation,  and  it  is  in  such  case 
simply  a  question  of  expediency  or  commercial  policy.  A  resort  to  dis- 
crimination against  the  countries  who  apply  general  tariff  rates  to  ini- 
portations  from  the  United  States  and  a  conventional  tariff  to  the  mer- 
chandise of  countries  who  by  reciprocal  commercial  arrangements  have 
purchased  the  benefits  of  the  lower  rate  of  the  conventional  tariff  can- 
not be  justified.  In  view  of  the  conditions  under  which  the  discrimina- 
tions by  the  several  countries  who  have  conventional  tariffs  against  im- 
portations from  the  United  States  are  made,  it  is  not  easy  to  conceive  of 
any  legislation  that  Congress  can  enact  in  respect  to  the  same  which 
would  prove  beneficial  to  the  United  States. 

The  case  of  the  prohibition  against  the  importation  of  American  salted 
meats  into  Germany  and  France  is  different  from  the  class  of  discrimi- 
nations above  referred  to.    In  that  case  the  discrimination  is  not  in  a 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  lU 

tariff  law,  but  it  is  an  absolute  prohibition  of  a  specific  American  pro- 
duct as  an  American  product,  and  the  prohibition  is  declared  to  be  based 
upon  a  sanitary  regulation  and  enforced  for  sanitary  reasons.  The  same 
may  be  said  in  respect  of  the  discrimination  practiced  in  Great  Britian 
against  American  cattle.  If  these  discriminations  are  causeless  and 
founded  upon  a  misconception  of  facts  or  arise  from  groundless  fears 
of  danger  to  public  health,  the  United  States  has  reason  for  complaint, 
and  after  using  every  means  to  remove  the  reason  (if  there  be  any  rea- 
son) for  the  prohibition,  they  may  with  perfect  propriety  resort  to  dis- 
crimination as  against  the  importations  irom  the  countries  which  prac- 
tice these  causeless  and  unjust  prohibitions  against  American  products. 
This  committee  in  its  former  report  has  submitted  a  bill  (Senate  bill 
1876)  which  is  regarded  as  proper  and  sufficient  legislation  for  such 
cases,  and  all  other  unreasonable  or  unjust  discriminations  against  the 
products  of  the  United  States. 

Brazil  and  Mexico  are  mentioned  in  the  resolution  as  countries  who 
may  have  practiced  discriminations  against  the  United  States.  Con- 
sidering the  state  of  trade  between  the  United  States  and  those  conn- 
tries,  the  export  duties  levied  upon  their  own  products  which  are 
exported  to  the  United  States  and  elsewhere  have  been  sometimes  char- 
acterized as  discriminations  against  this  country.  In  the  case  of  Brazil^ 
the  United  States  is  a  large  purchaser  of  the  chief  products  of  that 
country,  and  Brazil  is  but  a  limited  purchaser  of  American  products. 
The  value  of  imports  into  the  United  States  from  Brazil  was,  during 
1883,  $44,488,459,  and  the  value  of  American  exports  to  Brazil  for  the 
same  period  was  $9,252,094,  the  value  of  imports  being  nearly  five  times 
the  value  of  exi>ort8.  The  export  duty  on  coffee  from  Brazil,  for  which 
the  United  States  is  the  best  customer,  is  7  per  cent,  ad  valorem  na- 
tional duty,  and  4  per  cent,  for  th^  province  of  production,  making  11 
per  cent,  total  export  duty,  and  this  duty  has  been  maintained,  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  the  United  States  has  placed  coffee  upon  the 
free  list.  Export  duties  are  levied  for  varied  reasons,  which  depend 
upon  the  condition  of  the  country  of  production  and  the  nature  of  the 
product.  Sometimes  they  are  levied  to  prevent  a  drain  upon  the  re- 
sources of  the  country  or  to  prevent  the  loss  of  an  article  which  is  nec- 
essary for  the  sustenance  of  the  people  or  the  defense  of  the  nation ;  but 
in  general  export  duties  are  levied  for  purposes  of  revenue,  and  this 
latter  is  undoubtedly  the  purpose  of  the  Brazilian  export  duty  on  coffee. 

An  export  duty  upon  a  product  sent  to  a  particular  country,  and 
levied  only  upon  exportd^tions  to  that  country,  would  be  an  unfriendly 
discrimination,  for  which  it  would  be  reasonable  to  retaliate ;  but  a  gen- 
eral export  duty  without  regard  to  destination  cannot  be  regarded 
strictly  as  a  discrimination,  although  the  practical  effect  may  be  to 
seriously  discriminate  to  the  injury  of  those  countries  which  furnish  the 
principal  markets  for  the  product  so  taxed.  Whether  in  such  case  it  is 
better  for  the  country  injuriously  affected  to  resort  to  discriminations 
as  against  the  imports  of  the  offending  country,  or  to  strive  by  negotia- 
tion to  obtain  reciprocity,  is  a  question  which  must  depend  for  answer 
upon  the  commercial  and  other  conditions  which  surround  or  exist  in 
the  two  nations.  It  is  clearly  a  mistake  for  the  United  States  under 
ordinary  conditions  to  place  any  given  imports  of  considerable  conse- 
quence upon  the  free  list  without  a  careful  consideration  of  the  condi- 
tions under  which  such  products  leave  the  country  of  production,  and 
the  commercial  relations  which  exist  between  such  country  and  the 
United  States,  or  without  at  least  suggesting  that  a  reciprocal  advan- 
tage be  given  to  products  of  the  Unit^  States  which  may  find  a  market 


IV  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

in  such  country.  We  have  in  the  case  of  Brazil  conferred  upon  that 
country  an  immense  benefit  by  placing  coffee  on  the  free  list,  and 
obtained  no  equitable  reciprocal  advantage.  We  possessed  the  power 
to  purchase  by  that  act  valuable  privileges  for  American  commerce 
with  Brazil,  and  that  power  was  surrendered  without  condition,  and 
Brazil,  so  far  from  appreciating  the  liberality  of  the  proceeding  on 
our  part,  has  not  only  maintained  its  high  export  duty  on  coffee, 
but  increased  its  duties  on  imports  ten  perceutum  ad  valorem.  In  a 
recent  letter  to  this  committee,  the  Secretary  of  State  remarks  that 
^<  If  for  example  our  legislation  had  authorized  the  placing  of  coffee  on 
the  free  list  when  coming  from  any  country  which  by  treaty  or  special 
legislation  gave  to  us  a  compensatory  privilege  not  extending  to  all 
other  nations,  the  domestic  object  of  fre^eing  a  necessity  of  life  from 
taxation  would  be  doubly  secured,  and  its  price  to  the  consumer  cheap- 
ened beyond  our  power  to  cheapen  it  by  the  mere  removal  of  a  duty. 
Had  such  consideration  been  in  view,  for  instance  Brazilian  coffee  might 
now  flow  to  our  shores  unburdened  by  either  export  tax  or  home  duty, 
and  we  might  be  in  a  position  to  offer  to  Porto  Eico,  Java,  and  other 
coffee-producing  districts  a  free  market  for  their  products  in  return  for 
a  corresponding  benefit  to  be  yielded  by  their  Governments  to  us." 

When  in  this  connection  we  recall  the  fact  that  immediately  upon  the 
reduction  and  final  remission  of  the  duty  upon  coffee  by  the  United 
States,  the  precise  amount  of  the  duty  remitted  was  added  to  the  price 
of  coffee  in  Brazil,  the  value  of  the  foregoing  observations  in  their  rela- 
tion to  future  legislation  in  respect  of  either  a  reduction  of  duties  upon 
imports  of  prime  necessity  which  are  not  produced  in  this  country,  or 
of  placing  such  articles  on  the  free  list  becomes  manifest.  The  exten- 
sion of  our  commerce  into  new  fields,  the  creation  of  foreign  markets 
for  American  manufactures,  may  be  effected  largely  by  a  sagacioua 
adaptation  of  our  tariff  legislation  in  specific  cases  to  the  state  of  our 
commerce  with  the  particular  countries  which  supply  us  with  necessary 
articles  not  produced  by  ourselves.  Diplomacy  may  be  in  many  case» 
most  efScient  in  creating  new  conditions  under  which  reciprocal  advan- 
tages to  American  commerce  may  result  in  the  countries  from  which 
we  buy  largely  and  sell  but  little,  and  it  is  submitted  that  it  may  be 
wise  generally,  before  extending  our  free  list  to  importations  of  conse- 
quence, to  try,  at  least,  the  efScacy  of  negotiation  for  equitable  and  re- 
ciprocal benefits  to  ourselves. 

As  above  indicated,  the  committee  do  not  perceive  that  the  duty  of 
suggesting  any  further  legislation  than  it  has  proposed  **to  plaee  the 
United  States  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  most  favored  nations  "  de- 
volves upon  it  at  this  time.  The  documents  submitted  herewith  furnish 
information  from  which  all  who  study  them  may  draw  conclusions  of 
their  own  in  respect  of  the  questions  embraced  in  the  resolution.  It  is 
manifest  that  our  commercial  relations  with  the  American  countries 
south  of  us  can  be  improved  very  greatly  by  intelligent  diplomacy,  and 
the  requisite  legislation  by  Congress  which  should  follow.  It  is  not 
deemed  either  necessary  or  expedient  to  further  outline  or  elaborate  the 
views  of  the  committee  in  respect  to  what  that  diplomacy  and  legisla- 
tion should  be. 

Note. — The  committee  desire  to  acknowledge  its  obligation  to  the 
Secretary  of  State  and  to  the  chief  of  the  customs  division  of  the  Treas- 
ury (Mr.  James)  for  important  documents,  data,  and  memoranda  fur- 
nished by  them. 


Department  of  State, 
Washingtofij  March  4,  1884. 

Sib  :  In  part  answer  to  yoar  commanication  of  Janaary  26  last,  I 
have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  copies  of  the  tariff  laws,  import 
ftod  export,  of  the  countries  hereinafter  named,  together  with  such  com- 
ments upon  their  working  as  have  been  made  by  our  consuls,  especially 
in  connection  with  the  entry  of  American  products  and  manufactures 
intothe several  countries.   These papersembracethefollowingcountries: 

Europe.— Sweden,  Norway,  Germany,  Holland,  Belgium,  the  United 
Kingdom,  France,  Switzerland,  Spain,  Portagal,  Italy,  Austria-Hangary, 
Servia  and  Russia. 

Continent  of  America. — Dominion  of  Canada,  Mexico,  Oaatemala, 
Venezuela,  Brazil,  United  States  of  Colombia,  Argentine  Hepublic, 
Chili,  Pern,  British  Guiana,  Ilayti,  Cuba,  Porto  Bico,  and  New  Prov- 
idence. 

Continent  o/AHa. — British  India  and  China. 

Australasia. — Victoria  and  New  Zealand. 

^Polynesia. — Hawaiian  Islands. 

Accompanying  these  papers  will  be  found  a  table  of  contents  showing 
the  sequential  order  in  which  they  are  submitted. 

Should  your  committee  decide  to  publish  these  tariff  laws,  I  would 
respectfully  request  that  a  certain  number,  say  300,  be  ordered  for  the 
ose  of  this  Department. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

FRED'K  T.  FRBLINGHUYSBN. 

Hon.  John  F.  Miller, 

Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations^  Senate. 

1784  CONG — A  P 1 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


BfTBOPE. 

Sweden:  Fall  text  of  tariff  law  and  schedule  of  tariff. 
Norway :  Full  text  of  law  and  schedale  of  tariff. 
Oermany : 

1.  VnH  text  of  law  and  schedale  of  tariffl 

2.  Effects  of  the  tariff. 

3.  Proposed  increase  of  daty  on  floar. 

4.  Effect  of  tariff  on  food  prices. 

5.  Castoms  rolings  against  American  canned  meats. 

6.  Same. 

7.  Same. 

8.  Same. 
Holland: 

1.  Import  duties  of. 

2.  Protective  tariff  demanded. 
Bel^m :  Increase  of  import  dnties. 
England : 

1.  The  British  import  tariff. 

2.  Oar  new  tariff  and  British  manufactaree. 

3.  Tariff  revision  in  the  United  States. 
France: 

1.  Fall  text  of  law  and  schedale. 

2.  French-Portagaese  treaty  of  commerce  and  navigation. 

3.  New  French  tariff  on  sugars. 

4.  Tariff  on  American  flour.    Memorial  of  French  millers. 

5.  American  ve,  French  protective  tariff. 

6.  Treaty  of  commerce  between  France  and  the  United  States.    Memorial  of 

Chamber  of  Commerce  of  St.  Etienne. 

7.  Exx>ort  duties  of  France. 
Switzerland : 

1.  Import  tariff  of. 

2.  Export  tariff  of. 
Spain : 

1.  Full  text  of  law  and  schedule. 

2.  Report  on  customs  duty  of. 
Portugal : 

1.  Export  duties  of. 

2.  Chauges  iu  tariff. 
Italy : 

1.  Full  text  of  law  and  schedules  (import  and  export). 

2.  Special  tariff  of  Italy  with  tYance. 

3.  Reports  on  Italian  import  tax  on  cotton-seed  oil. 

4.  Onr  new  tariff  and  Italian  exports. 
Austria- Hungary : 

1.  Full  text  of  law  and  schedules. 

2.  Proposed  duties  on  agricultural  products. 
Strvia:  Tariff  ou  imports. 

BusHia : 

1.  New  tariff;  full  text. 

2.  Export  tariff. 

.3.  Modification  of  metal  tariff. 
Continent  of  America. 
Canada  : 

1.  Tariff  changes;  two  reports. 

2.  Canadian  and  American  tariff 

3 


4  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

CoMTiNKNT  OF  Amebica— Contioaed. 
Mexico: 

L  Tariff  laws  and  schedale ;  fall  text. 

2.  Additional  dnties  on  imports. 

3.  Export  duties  of  Mexico. 

4.  Export  tariff  of  Gaerrero. 

5.  Operation  of  tariff  laws. 

6.  Tariff  on  breadstiiffs. 
Guatemala:  Tariff  of;  full  text 
Honduras :  Import  dnties  of. 
FmeMuela : 

1.  New  import  tariff  ofl 

2.  Tariff  cnanges  in. 

3.  Tariff  reduction  in. 
BraHl: 

1.  Customs  revenue;  systems  oil 

2.  Tariff  on  imports. 

3.  Peculiarities  of  tariff. 
.  4.  Tariff  changes  in. 

5.  Exi>ort  duties  of. 
Colombia^  United  States  of:  Tariff  of,  in  toll. 
Argentine  Bepuhlic: 

1.  Tarim)  and  schedules  of  Argentine  Republic  for  the  years  1881  and  188S. 

2.  Export  tariff  of. 

Chili :  Tariff  law  and  schedule ;  full  text. 
Peru : 

1.  Military  tariff  of  (Chilian). 

2.  New  tariff  of  Peru. 
British  Guiana:  Tariff  of. 
BayH:  Tariff  of. 

Cuba :  Dnties  on  imports. 
Porto  Bioo :  Tariff  and  regulations  Hft 
JS'ew  Prvidtnce:  Tariff  of. 
Continent  of  Abia. 
British  India : 

1.  Proposed  changes  in  tariff  of. 

2.  Export  duties  of. 
China :  Customs  tariffs  of. 

Polynesia. 

Hawaii:  Tariff o£ 
Australasia. 

New  Zealand, 

V  otoria. 


SWEDEN. 

TARIFF  OF  8WEDEH. 

[Translated  by  Consul  Oppenheim,  of  Gottenberff,  and  published  in  Consular  Re- 

X>ort8  No.  5,  for  the  month  of  March,  1881.] 

imTBUCTIONS   TO   BE  OBSERVED  IN  APPLYING   THE  PROVISIONS  OF 

THIS  TARIFF. 

§1- 

Whenever  in  the  assessment  of  daty  there  arises  a  fraction  amount- 
ing to  less  than  half  an  ore,  sach  fraction  is  not  to  be  considered,  bat 
where  a  fraction  amounts  to  half  an  ore  or  over,  such  fraction  is  to  be 
reckoned  as  one  ore  additional. 

§  2. 

The  weights  and  measures  mentioned  in  this  tariff  are  identical  with 
those  prescribed  in  the  royal  ordinance  of  November  22, 1878. 

I  3. 

Merchandise  imported  in  foreign  bottoms  is  not  to  pay  either  addi- 
tional or  higher  dnes  than  if  it  arrives  in  Swedish  vessels. 

§  4. 

Tonnage  dues,  whether  for  Swedish  or  foreign  vessels,  amount  to  14 
ore  per  ton,  calculated  as  per  register,  and  such  dues  are  to  be  paid 
each  time,  both  on  arrival  and  clearance ;  but  in  case  a  vessel  dur- 
ing one  and  the  same  calendar  year  makes  several  voyages  between 
Sweden  and  foreign  countries,  such  dnes  are  to  be  exacted  only  for  the 
first  clearance,  and  in  case  of  a  repeated  arrival  only  when  the  vessel 
carries  cargo  and  discharges  a  greater  or  lesser  part  thereof;  and  it 
will  be  proper  to  consider  as  vessels  in  ballast,  such  vessels  whose  cargo 
only  amounts  to  a  small  fraction  of  their  carrying  capacity ;  in  regard 
to  all  of  which  the  regulations  contained  in  the  royal  ordinance  of  June 
5,  1874,  are  to  be  followed. 

When  a  vessel  discharges  or  loads  at  several  ports,  tonnage  dues  are 
only  to  be  imposed  at  the  first  loading  or  discharging  point,  and  an 
acknowledgment  of  their  payment  is  to  be  affixed  to  the  manifest  or 
clearance. 

Exemption  from  tonnage  dues  is  granted  to  vessels,  whether  bound 
for  a  Swedish  port  or  other  destination,  that  arrive  and  have  '^  in  bal- 
last"; to  vessels  that,  while  engacred  in  voyages  between  foreign  ports, 
call  at  a  Swedish  i)ort  in  order  only  to  land  passengers  and  their  effects, 
or  to  discharge  goods  into  another  vessel  for  export;  to  vessels  that 
come  "in  distress"  or  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  orders  as  to  the  fur- 
thei;  prosecution  of  the  voyage,  that  do  not  discharge  cargo  and  do  not 
load  anything  besides  necessaries  and  stores  for  the  use  of  the  crew^ 
passengers,  or  ship;  to  vessels  that  in  consequence  of  injury  by  the 
elements,  of  which  due  marine  protest  has  been  made,  enter  a  Swedish 
port  and  discharge  cargo,  and,  after  repairs  are  completed,  reload  the 
original  cargo  and  proceed  on  the  voyage ;  to  vessels  that,  from  above- 

r> 


€  TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

mentioned  causes,  discharge  cargo  and  therefrom  sell  a  smaller  or 
greater  part,  when  such  sale  is  limited  to  what  is  shown  to  be  required 
to  furnish  means  for  the  expense  incurred  for  repairs ;  and  to  vessels 
that,  while  on  a  voyage  between  foreign  ports,  discharge  or  load  mer- 
chandise not  exceeding  one-fourth  the  vessel's  carrying  capacity,  to  be 
calculated  as  per  vessel's  papers. 

In  all  these  cases  it  is  incumbent  upon  the  shipmasters  to  follow  the 
regulations  prescribed  concerning  arrivals  and  the  delivery  of  manifest, 
and  also  those  bearing  upon  the  takmg  out  of  clearance. 

§5. 

Importations  of  the  following  "free"  goods  shall  pay  a  "registering 
fee,"  as  follows:  Wheat  flour,  1  ore  per  kilogram  5  grits,  all  kinds,  1  ore 
per  kilogram ;  beans,  I  ore  per  kilogram. 

§6. 

Importers  of  merchandise  subject  to  ad  valorem  duties  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  tariff  must  declare  the  purchasing  price  paid,  with  the 
addition  of  insurance,  freight,  and  other  expenses  incurred  up  to  arrival 
at  the  port  of  entry.  The  importer's  statements  must,  as  far  as  practi- 
cable, be  supported  by  the  exhibition  of  invoices  and  bills  of  lading.  If 
these  documents  are  not  produced,  it  becomes  the  duty  of  the  custom- 
house authorities — as  it  is  in  all  cases' their  right — to  have  the  merchan- 
dise submitted  to  the  inspection  of  t\yo  experts,  who  are  either  to 
indorse  the  declared  valuation,  or  make  such  addition  thereto  as  they 
consider  just.  If  the  importer  refuses  to  enter  the  goods  according  to 
the  valuation  put  upon  them  by  the  inspecting  experts,  his  refusal  shall 
be  affixed  in  wiiting  to  his  original  declaration,  and  the  merchandise 
shall,  as  promptly  as  practicable,  and,  at  the  latest,  within  one  month  from 
the  day  of  inspection,  be  sold  at  public  auction  by  the  custom-house  au- 
thorities. After  deduction  of  the  duty  assessed  upon  proceeds  of  the 
sale  in  case  such  exceed  the  importer's  valuation,  but  in  no  case  less 
than  it  would  have  been  upon  such  valuation,  and  of  the  auction  ex- 
penses, the  remainder  is  to  be  turned  over  to  the  importer. 

Personal  property  in  actual  use,  and  traveling  effects  that  do  not 
constitute  merchandise,  are  to  be  dealt  with  according  to  the  regula- 
tions therefor  provided. 

§7. 

The  properly- authorized  manufacturing  and  industrial  boards,  or,  in 
case  such  do  not  exist,  the  municipal  authorities,  are  to  appoint  one  or 
more  persons  in  every  staple  town,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  see  that 
merchandise  belonging  to  special  branches  or  trades  is  properly  classed 
as  to  kind  and  value ;  but  the  absence  of  these  persons  is  not  to  act  as 
a  bar  to  the  entry  of  merchandise  and  the  payment  of  duty  thereon. 

§8. 

Concerning  the  requirements  to  be  observed  in  regard  to  the  entry 
and  registering  of  arriving  and  out-going  merchandise,  and  the  manner 
of  inspecting,  assessing  duty  upon,  and  delivering  goods,  the  special 
regulations  bearing  thereupon  are  to  be  followed. 

§9. 

Owners  of  vessels  which  have  undergone  repairs  at  a  Swedish  ship- 
yard are,  after  such  vessels  are  fully  appointed  and  equipped,  and  such 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES  7 

fact  has  been  certified  to  before  the  cnstom  house  direction,  entitled  to 
reiinbarsement  ofdaties  paid  upon  sails  or  sail  dack  which  the  owners 
shall  show  to  have  been  used  in  the  equipping  of  the  vessels  and  to  have 
been  imported  for  this  purpose. 

Ships'  stores  and  necessaries  with  which  a  Swedish  vessel  i^turning 
from  foreign  ports  may  have  been  supplied  during  the  voyage  are  not 
subject  to  duty  in  so  far  as  tliey  are  used  to  supply  the  needs  of  such 
vessels  only. 

§10. 

The  following  merchandise,  manufactured  of  foreign  raw  material,, 
shall,  when  exported  by  sea  from  a  Swedish  staple  town,  be  entitled  to 
drawback  as  follow : 

For  1  kilogram  refined  sugar ;  loaf,  rock-candy,  or  slab 28. 2  ore. 

For  1  kilogram  chocolate  or  confectioner}',  or  1)oth  mixed 30  ore. 

For  1  liter  panch 30  ore. 

For  1  kilogram  tobacco,  mannfactnred  : 

Cigars  and  cigarettes 1  kroner. 

Span,  twisted,  or  pressed  in  plugs 70  ore. 

Ground,  or  snuff 48  ore. 

All  other  kinds 55  ore. 

For  1  kilogram  colored  or  printed  cotton  yam 19  ore. 

For  1  kilogram  colored  or  printed  woolen  yam , 24  (ire. 

For  1  kilogram  textile  fabncs  of  cotton,  made  of  yam  No.  26  English  stand- 
ard or  any  higher  number 19  ore. 

For  1  kilogram  text  ile  fabric  of  linen 24  ore. 

For  1  kilogram  machine-sewed  cotton  or  linen  articles,  such  as  shirts,  col- 
lars, cuffis,  duC,  subject  to  the  condition  that  such  articles  are  not  to  be 
mainly  composed  ot  any  fabric  paying  a  lower  duty  than  the  one  imposed 

upon  unbleached  cottons 58  ore. 

whereby  the  following  regulations  are  to  be  observed  : 

1.  That  of  all  above-mentioned  merchandise  reckoned  by  weight,  at 
least  50  kilograms  of  each,  and  in  the  case  of  mixed  chocolate  and  con- 
fectionery 50  kilograms  together,  and  of  punch  at  least  50  liters,  shall 
be  declared  and  exported  in  one  shipment ;  this  rule,  however,  not  to 
apply  where  the  merchandise  upon  which  drawback  is  claimed,  is  ex- 
ported for  the  supply  of  ships  lying  in  the  sound,  under  such  circum- 
stances as  would  entitle  foreign  gocds  stored  ^Mn  bond"  to  exemption 
from  duty  when  withdrawn  for  that  purpose. 

2.  That  there  shall  be  attached  to  each  declaration  of  export  a  sworn 
certificate  of  the  manufacturer,  provided  with  the  signatures  of  two 
witnesses,  to  the  efiect  that  the  merchandise  is  of  Swedish  manufact- 
ure and  of  foreign  raw  material  for  which  full  duty  has  been  paid,  and  in 
the  case  of  colored  or  printed  yarn  or  textile  fabrics,  that  they  are  man- 
ufactured of  foreign-spun  and  duty-paid  yarn ;  and  in  regard  to  machine- 
sewed  cotton  or  linen  articles,  that  such  have  been  manufactured  in 
Sweden  from  imported,  duty-paid  fabrics ;  and  such  certificate  shall, 
when  relating  to  cotton  textiles,  state  that  the  yarn  therein  contained 
is  equal  in  fineness  to  No.  26  English  standard,  or  above  it )  and  such 
certificates  are  to  be  entered  in  the  register  of  the  customhouse  of  the 
port  wherefrom  the  exportation  takes  place ;  and 

3.  That  exportation  shall  be  proved  by  a  certificate  from  the  proper 
authorities  of  the  port  of  discharge,  stating  that  the  merchandise  has 
been  landed  there,  which  certificate  must  be  properly  attested  by  a 
Swedish  consul  or  vice-consul  in  all  cases  where  there  is  such  an 
officer  at  the  port  of  landing ;  but  whenever  the  exportation  takes  place 
in  a  vessel  of  a  burden  of  thirty  tons  or  over,  and  such  vessel  clearing 
directly  for  a  foreign  port  has  been  followed  out  to  open  sea  by  the  cus- 
tomhouso  officials  and  the  goods  declared  for  export  under  drawback 


8  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

have  beeu  entered  upon  the  vessel's  outward  custom-hoase  clearance, 
there  ^  ball  be  required  no  further  certificate  of  the  arrival  of  the  mer- 
chandise at  the  foreign  port  of  landing  in  order  to  obtain  drawback 
upon  it. 

The  above-mentioned  drawbacks  do  not  apply  to  exportations  to 
Korway,  except  as  regards  refined  sugar,  [>unch,  and  manufactured 
tobacco.  Upon  these  articles  the  same  drawbacks  will  be  granted,  even 
when  they  arc  exported  to  above-named  country  by  land,  subject  to  the 
following  rules  for  exportations  by  land  routes: 

a.  The  merchandise  must,  in  accordance  with  forms  prescribed  by  the 
royal  ordinance  of  July  12,  1860,  concerning  exports  by  land  routes 
between  the  United  Kingdoms,  have  been  duly  declared  for  export  at 
the  custom- house  of  the  point  of  shipment,  and  have  been  registered 
there  and  have  been  provided  with  a  '*  goods-passport"  for  a  point 
where  there  exists  a  customhouse  and  where  entry  is  to  be  made, 
which  passport  is  to  accompany  the  merchandise  during  transportation; 

b.  There  must  be  attached  to  the  declaration  of  export  a  manufactu< 
rer's  certificate,  such  as  is  described  in  the  beginning  of  the  second 
regulation  of  this  paragraph ;  and 

c.  There  shall  be  furnished  an  attestation  from  the  custom-house  au- 
thorities at  the  Norwegian  point  of  destination,  to  the  effect  that  the 
merchandise  arrived  there  with  unbroken  seals  or  leads,  and  that  it 
was  found  to  correspond  with  the  ** goods-passport"  as  regards  descrip- 
tion and  quantity. 

Should  any  one  import  dutiable  merchcindise  with  the  intention  of 
re-exporting  the  same,  whether  by  sea  or  land  routes,  after  having  been 
manipulated  or  refined  in  a  manner  different  from  any  of  those  men- 
tioned* above,  and  wish  to  obtain  restitution  of  the  duties  paid  at  the 
time  of  importation,  this  may  be  allowed,  subject  to  the  condition  that 
such  intention  shall  have  been  declared  in  writing  at  the  time  of  im- 
portation, and  that  the  owner  of  the  merchandise  shall  obey  any  rules 
which  the  customhouse  direction  may  establish  with  a  view  of  prevent- 
ing abuse  of  the  privilege  granted.  In  order  to  be  entitled  to  the  benefit 
of  this  clause  re-exportation  must  have  taken  place  and  have  been  prop- 
erly attested  within  one  year  and  one  day  from,  the  date  of  importation. 

§11. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  shipmaster,  pursuant  to  forms  prescribed 
in  the  first  chapter  of  the  customs  regulations,  to  note  down  accurately 
ui)on  his  manifest  his  stock  of  necessaries,  giving  description  and  quan- 
tity, under  such  penalty  for  neglect  as  is  provided  for  in  said  chapter; 
and  such  stores,  when  found  to  be  needed  for  the  use  of  the  crew  whilst 
on  board,  are  to  be  exempt  from  duty  and  other  imposts  at  the  port  of 
discharge. 

Among  such  exempt  stores  may,  under  stated  circumstances,  also  bo 
included  tbe  following  quantities  of  wine,  brandy,  coffee,  and  tea,  \iz: 
For  vessels  coming  from  the  BaltiC)  or  when  arriving  at  any  port  in  Hol- 
land or  Goteborg  and  Bohus  (west  coast  of  Sweden)  from  North  Sea 
l)orts,  Holland,  England,  or  the  French  Atlantic  ports,  6  liters  of  wine,  3 
liters  of  brandy,  1  kilogram  of  coffee,  and  1  hectogram  of  tea  to  each  per- 
son of  the  ship's  crew  and  passengers;  and  for  vessels  coming  from  other 
than  Baltic  i^orts,  with  the  exception  stated  above  concerning  vessels 
arriving  at  ports  on  the  west  coast,  9  liters  wine,  6  liters  brandy,  2  kilo- 
grams of  coffee,  and  2  hectograms  of  tea  to  each  person  as  above.  At- 
tention is  called  to  the  fact  tbat  wine  and  brandy  cannot  be  substituted 


TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES.  9 

for  each  other  under  the  above  clauses,  so  that  auy  shipmaster  having 
less  than  the  allowed  quantity  of  the  one  article  cannot  on  account  of 
sach  deficiency  claim  any  greater  allowance  of  the  other ;  and  further, 
that  wliatever  part  of  above  mentioned  four  articles  is  found  to  exceed 
a  vessel's  proper  allowance  under  the  above  clauses  is  to  be  uncondi- 
tionally entered  for  duty  unless  the  vessel  is  at  once  to  clear  again  for 
a  foreigu  voyage.  When  a  vessel,  Swedi/<h  or  foreign,  arriving  from  a 
foreign  port,  is  again  immediately  to  engage  in  a  foreign  voyage,  the 
shipmaster  may,  if  he  is  found  to  have  stores  of  wine,  brandy,  coffee, 
and  tea  exceeding  in  quantity  the  allowance  prescribed  in  this  para- 
graph, claim  the  right  to  note  down  the  excess  upon  his  manifest  for 
re-exportation,  in  which  case  such  excess  of  stores  is  to  be  kept  under 
costom-house  seals  in  a  bonded  warehouse  or  in  some  safe  and  proper 
place  on  board  the  vessel  until  the  ship  sails  again,  when  the  rules 
stated  in  §  42  of  the  customs  regulations  for  the  control  of  re-exporta- 
tions are  to  be  followed.  Should,  however,  a  portion  of  this  excess  of 
stores,  on  account  of  the  prolonged  stay  or  such  vessel  in  a  Swedish 
port,  be  wanted  for  the  use  of  the  crew  on  board,  such  portion  may  be 
given  out  according  to  the  exigencies  of  the  case,  and  the  stores  thus 
released  are  to  be  deducted  from  the  quantity  noted  down  upon  the 
manifest  for  re-exportation. 

Other  ships'  stores  than  those  mentioned  above  may  likewise,  subject 
to  proper  official  control,  when  found  in  quantities  exceeding  the  ves- 
sel's needs,  whilst  in  a  Swedish  port  and  not  intended  for  entr^'-,  be  re- 
exported with  the  vessel. 

Any  stores  of  domestic  production  which,  as  shown  by  the  outward 
custom-house  clearance,  formed  part  of  the  stores  previously  exported 
with  the  vessel,  as  well  as  all  foreign,  not  dutiable,  stores,  may  be  ex- 
empted from  entry. 

§  12. 

No  diminution  of  duty  is  to  be  granted  upon  goods  damaged  during 
transportation  if  the  importer  intends  to  dispose  over  such  goods ;  should 
he  be  of  opinion  that  goods  thus  damaged  ought  not  to  t^  subjected  to 
the  full  duty,  he  may,  after  the  shipmaster  has  made  the  proper  marine 
protest,  request  official  inspection  of  the  merchandise,  which  inspection 
is  to  be  made  by  a  magistrate  assisted  by  two  expert  and  unobjection- 
able persons,  in  the  presence  of  the  custom-house  director,  who  is  under 
official  responsibility  to  control  the  proceedings  with  a  view  to  protect- 
ing the  interests  of  the  Government.  In  case  the  merchandise  was  in- 
sured against  sea-damage  the  magistrate  is  to  request  the  underwriters' 
representative — in  all  ports  where  such  representative  is  found — to  be 
present  at  the  inspection ;  the  absence  of  such  representative,  however, 
to  be  no  bar  to  the  carrying  on  of  the  proceedings.  If  the  merchandise 
is  found  to  have  suffered  damage  under  transportation,  the  inspectors 
are  to  give  a  certificate  to  that  effect ;  and  further,  after  proper  scrutiny 
of  all  documents  relating  thereto,  give  their  attestation  to  the  value  of 
ttimilar  merchandise  in  an  undamaged  condition.  If  no  objection  is 
made  to  the  proceedings,  the  custom  house  director  is  to  affix  his  ap- 
proval to  the  inspection  certificate,  which  the  non-sworn  members  of  the 
inspecting  board  may  be  required  to  subscribe  to  under  oath.  The  cus- 
tom-house direction  is  thereupon,  after  previous  advertising,  to  sell  the 
damaged  goods  at  public  auction,  whereby  in  consideration  of  the  goods 
being  sold  from  bonded  warehouse  and  duty-free,  any  part  subject  to 
ad  valorem  duties  is  to  bo  assessed  in  accordance  with  the  price  real- 
ized at  the  auction  sale,  and  in  the  case  of  merchandise  paying  specific 
duty,  such  duty  is  to  be  lowered  in  the  same  proportion  than  the  price 


10 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


realized  at  the  sale  bears  to  the  valae  established  for  snch  merchandise 
in  an  undamaged  state ;  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  are,  after  deduction 
of  duties,  to  be  handed  over  to  the  importer.  Should  the  owner  neglect 
to  establish  the  damaged  state  of  the  merchandise  fourteen  days  beyond 
the  time  prescribed  by  §  21  of  the  customs  regulations  for  making  such 
declaration  (of  damage)  to  the  custom-house  direction,  such  owner  is 
to  be  held  resi)onaible  for  the  payment  of  the  full  duty,  unless  he,  within 
that  time,  advises  the  custom-house  directiou  iu  writing  that  he  aban- 
dons his  claim  upon  the  damaged  merchandise,  which,  in  that  case,  is  to 
be  sold  at  public  auction  for  account  of  the  Grovemment. 

Proceedings  to  be  taken  in  regard  to  the  entry  of  merchandise  saved 
from  wrecked  vessels  coming  from  foreign  ports  are  set  forth  in  the  fifth 
chapter  of  the  customs  regulations. 

§  13. 

Concerning  reciprocal  commerce  between  Sweden  and  Norway,  the 
existing  or  forthcoming  regulations  are  to  be  followed. 

All  whom  it  may  concern  are  dutifully  to  observe  these  instructions. 

In  faith  whereof  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hand  and  have  caused 
our  royal  seal  to  be  affixed.    Stockholm  Castle,  December  3,  1880. 

[L.  s.]  OSCAR. 

llANS  FORSSELL. 

ERNEST  L.  OPPENHEIM, 

Consul. 
United  States  Consulate, 

Gothenburg^  January ^2,  1880. 


THE  SCHEDULE  OF  THE  SWEDISH  TARIFF. 


(IN  FOKCE  FROM  JANUARY  1,  1881.) 

[Translated  and  forwarded  to  tbo  Department  by  Consul  Oppenlioim,  of  Gotbenborg.] 
Abbreviations  oaed :  u.  e.  ».,  not  eUewbere  specified ;  s.  c.,  so  called. 


Articles. 


Dutiable 
unit. 


Absintbe;  to  be  classed  with  Liqaears. 

Accordeons;  to  be  classed  with  Indostrial  prodaotionB  not  provided  for. 

Ethers  and  ether  spiritnosas,  s.  c.  Hoffman's  drops 

Other  ethers,  comi)osite  or  mixed,  such  as  saltpeter-ether,  vinegsr-ether,  froit- 
ether,  cognac,  rum;  arrack-ea(»enco  or  oil,  Si.o 

Scrapings,  waste  and  shavings,  n.  e.s 

Agate,  worked  or  rough :  onset 

When  set  in  gold  or  silver,  to  be  weighed  with  and  pay  same  duty  as  the  set- 
ting;  when  set  in  any  other  material,  to  be  classed  with  Jewelry  goods. 

Alabaster,  worked  or  rough,  n.e.s 

Albums;  etuis  to  be  weighed  along  with  albums 

Albumen;  classed  with  Chemico-technical preparations. 

Alcannas  root , 

Aloes;  classed  with  Apothocarie«'  stock  and  drugs. 

Altho)  root 

Alum,  all  kinds 

Ambergris. 

Aniline  colors;  classed  with  Chemico-technical  preparations. 

Anise  seed 

Crude  antimony,  spetsglaus,  and  regulus 

Oranges 

Orange-peel,  dried   ...  

Apothccanes*  stock  and  drugs;  all  not  otherwise  provided  for,  simple  or  com- 
]>onn(l,  when  impoited  by  druggists  and  other  persons  aathorized  by  the  Cen- 
tral Health  Bureau  to  deal  iu  Ruch  wares :  by  scientific  men  for  scientific  pur- 
poses, or  by  raunnfacturers  needing  such  materials  in  their  industries 


lUter. 
1  liter. 


Daty. 


Ikilog... 


Ikilog  .. 
1  kilog 


*Kr.  ort. 


1.20 

1.20 
Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
1.00 

Free. 

Free. 
Frte. 
Free. 


Free. 


25 


.25 
.25 


FMe. 


The  Swedish  kroner=$0.20.8. 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


U 


The  tariff  of  Swedef^—Continued, 


Articles. 


Ardiitoetanl  works     (SeeScalptares.) 

Arzack.    (See  Brandy  and  Spirits  ) 

▲laenie ;  when  imported  by  dmginsts  or  under  a  license  granted  by  the  mine 

iatry  of  commerce,  for  ose  in  manufactures ^. 

▲aei^ine ;  classed  with  Chemico-technical  preparations. 

Asphaltom    

AsphaUum  felt     (See  Paper  for  sheathing.) 

Asphaltom  pipes;  classed  with  Mach-nery,  implements,  and  tools  not  specified. 

Ashes,  raw;  of  wood  or  of  other  vegetable  origin 

Potash,  raw,  refined  or  calcined 

Boxes  and  caskets ;  classed  with  the  material,  worked,  of  which  they  are  made ; 
when  composed  of  more  than  one  material,  or  of  a  material  tliat  is  not  specified 

in  tariff 

(hpimeat;  classed  wiih  Colors  and  dve-stuffs. 

Bsisam ;  copaiva,  Pemvian,  or  any  oiher  pure  balsam 

Bibb<ms : 

Silk  Telret  and  pure  silk 

Hslf  silk 

KOTE.— No  allowance  to  be  made  if  the  silk  in  *'  half-silk  "  ribbons  amounts 
to  less  thsD  half  the  weight. 
Other  kinds  of  ribbons,  includiog  such  wherein  caont-chonc,  India  rubber, 
and  similar  materials  are  used,  even  if  silk  is  a  component  part  of  them  . . 
KOTB- — No  allowance  to  bo  made  for  weight  of  paper- wrapping  or  bobbins. 

Bark,  all  not  otherwise  provided  for. 

Barometers.    (See  Physical  Instruments.) 

Bast  and  bast-rope 

Bast-matting .^ 

Pitch  and  pitch-oil 

Bobs  and  ivory  (includes  whalebone) : 

nnw<Hked[,  of  every  kind,  includinjg  therein  plates  for  piano-forte  keys,  cot, 

split,  orsawn  bone,  and  grouiMfbone  or  bone-flour 

Worked: 

Ivory  and  walms-task 

All  other  kinds 

BoDO-Mack,  bone  ooal.  ox  bistro 

Barberry -root 

Amber  (yellow) : 

JELaw  and  nnworked,  also  when  worked  but  onset  

Set  in  gold  or  silver:  to  be  weighed  with  and  pay  same  dnty  as  the  setting. 
Set  in  other  material ;  to  be  clMsed  with  Jewelry  goods. 
Jewehy  goods  of  aoy  other  material  than  gold  or  silver,  such  as  bracelets, 

broaches,  chains,  crosses,  rings,  seals,  buckles,  &.e 

KoTB. — No  deduction  alloived  for  the  weight  of  etuis  or  jow6lry  cases,  or 
for  pastebosrd  oards  to  which  articles  are  fastened. 

Seolpiarrs  and  architectural  works,  when  they  are  works  of  art 

Other  kinds  of  sculptures  and  architectural  works : 

Of  wood   

Of  any  other  material,  of  which  the  manufactures  are  not  specially  provided 

for  

Bees,  in  hives 

Printed  blanks,  for  commercial  use.    (See  Paper.) 
Tin  piste  st  licles,  n.  e.  s. : 

U^jl^)anned 

Japanned  

Blood,  of  animals  of  all  Idnds 


Natural,  fresh 

Artificial ;  of  eloth,  paper,  straw,  feathers,  or  similar  substances 

Parts  of  artificial  flowers 

NOTB  I. — ^By  "Ports  of  artifloial  flowers  "  are  only  understood  leaves  in 

bundles,  single  ears  or  buds,  &c.,  not  bound  together  or  inserted. 
Note  IL — No  deduction  allowed  for  the  weight  of  boxes,  paper,  or  similar 
covering. 

Natural,  dned 

nower  bulbs 


Unworked,  in  pig^  or  sheets 

Worked,  n.  e.  s. : 

Unpainted  and  ui^apanned 

Painted  or  japanned 

Black  lc«d 

Lead  pencila.  all  kinds  

Sugar  of  lead 

Yam  spun  of  hards ;  hemp  or  linen 

Writing  ink  (no  allowance  made  for  weight  of  bottles  or  j  ngs> 

lakpowders 

Bobmns;  classed  with  Machinery,  implements,  ind  tools  not  specified. 
Bookhinden*  cloth  or  sixed  and  embossed  cotton  cloth.  (See  Textiles.) 
Book  covers,  when  separate 


Dutiable 
unit. 


Ikilog 


1  kilog 
1  kUog 


1  kilog 


Doty. 

Kr.  ore. 

Free. 
Free. 


Free 
Free. 


50 


Free. 


Ikilog 
1  kilog 
I  kilog 


Ikilog 


IkUog 


Ikilog 
1  kilog 


1  kilog 
1  kilog 


I  kilog 
Ikilog 


3.50 
2.30 


1.10 

Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 

Free. 

1.20 
.35 
.2 
Free. 

Free. 


.80 

Free. 
Free. 


00 


Free. 


.24 
.35 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 
10  00 
4.0O 


Free 
Free. 


Free. 


IkUog 


1  kilog 
Ikilog 


Ikilog 


Free. 

Free. 
Free. 


07 
35 

35 


.00 
.35 


(X> 


12 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


The  turiff  of  Sweden — Continaed. 


ArtldM. 


Letter-dies,  printiiig  type,  clioh6e,  etereotype  or  electrotype  plates,  etobed  or 
engrayed  pUtes 

Prinlioff  inu  or  colori,  need  for  book  or  copper  printing  or  litbogmphy ;  to  be 
clasBMl  with  Colors  and  dye-stnflh. 

Bole  clay,  wbiteandred,  and  terra  sigillata 

Cotton 


6nn-cotton.    (See  Powder.) 

Borax  and  boraoioacid 

Bristles;  classed  with  Hair. 
Brashes: 

Moonted  in  nnpolisbed  or  painted  wood  or  iron 

Monnted  in  polished  or  Japanned  wood  

Mounted  in  bone,  bom,  or  other  material 

Masons'  and  housepainters'  bmshes;  to  be  classed  with  Machinery,  imple- 
ments, and  tools  not  specified. 

Bouillon  de  poche 

Letter  envelopes  and  paper  bags 

Britsnnia  metal.    (See  Metals,  not  specified.) 

Embroideries,  all  kinds ;  complete  or  only  begun,  pay  same  duty  an  the  material 
upon  which  the  embroidei^  is  applied,  with  tne  addition  of  20  per  cent.;  but 
when  such  material  is  on  the  free  list,  there  shall  be  levied  a  duty  of  10  per 
eeni.  (id  valorem. 
NoiK. — ISo  deduction  allowed  for  weight  of  paper  to  which  embroideries  may 

be  fastened. 
Embroidery  canvas: 

Of  silk 

Of  silk,  with  another  textile 

Of  wool  

Of  paper 

All  other  kinds,  composed  of  one  or  several  materials 

Embroidery  pat  terns  

Bronse;  classed  with  Metals,  not  specified. 

Bronze  powder,  weight  of  pap>er- wrapping  included 

BniDsten  (mauganeae  superoxide) 

Brandy  and  spirits: 

Id  barrels  or  casks: 

Distilled  fh>m  grain,  potatoes  or  other  roots 


Dutiable 
unit. 


Ikilog  .. 
Ikilog... 
IkUog... 


IkUog... 


Ikilog... 
Ikilog  .. 
Ikilog  .. 
I  kUog  . . 
1  kilog  — 
Ikilog  .. 

IkUog... 


Distilled  from  rice:  arrack 

Distilled  from  sugar:  rum 

Distilled  from  grapes: 

When  the  brandy  or  spirits  is  msnufkctured  in  France  and  imported 

directly  from  teat  country  by  sea  

When  mauufactored  in  any  other  country  or  imported  in  any  other 

way 

Distilled  fram  other  fhiit  than  grapes 

In  bottles  or  stone  Jugs: 

All  kinds  of  brandy  and  spirits  (regardless  of  percentage  of  alcohol)  — 
•  !NoTB  I. — In  order  to  be  entitled  to  the  benefit  of  the  lower  duty  upon  spirits 
of  French  manufacture,  it  is  necessary  to  produce  a  certificate  either  of  the 
authorities  at  the  place  of  production,  of  the  collector  of  the  port  of  export, 
or  of  the  Swedish  consul  or  vice-consul  at  the  point  of  shipment,  stating 
that  the  spirits  are  made  of  grapes  and  distilled  in  France ;  such  certificate, 
when  given  by  a  French  ofi^ial,  must  be  duly  attested  by  a  Swedish  consul 
or  vice-consul. 
NoTB  II.— Brandy  or  spirits  of  a  difilsrent  strength  than  the  one  above  given 
is  to  be  reduced  to  the  normal  stiength  of  50  per  cent,  in  the  way  prescribed 
by  regulations. 
NOTS  III. — Should  the  spirits  be  found  to  contain  sugar  or  other  foreign  sub- 
stances, thereby  vitiatuig  the  data  of  the  alcoholometer,  such  spirits  Is  to  be 
classed  with  Liqueurs. 
Bread: 

BiMuits,  cakes,  ginger-snaps,  and  similar  articles ;  all  that  cannot  be  classed 
with  confectionery,  wrapping  immediately  surrounding  the  articles  to  be 

weighed  with  them , 

All  other  kinds 

Shrubs 


Bottles.    (See  Glass.) 

Boats.    (See  Ships  and  Boats.) 

Ladies'  belts,  garters,  woven  straps  for  dresses  and  similar  articles ;  to  be  classed 

with  Suspenders. 
B*)n  ics,  n.  e.  s.   (S^  Fruit) 
Berry-wine  or  sirups;  to  be  classed  with  Wines. 
Books: 

Printed 

Blank ;  ruled  or  unruled,  pay  same  duty  as  paper  with  20  per  cent,  added 
thereto. 

With  raised  letters  for  the  use  of  the  blind 


1  liter  of 

spirits.* 

(•) 

(*) 


(*) 

(*) 
(*) 

1  Uter. 


IkUog  .. 


Duty. 


K.T.OTB. 

Free. 


Free. 
Free. 

Free. 


.12 
.24 
.46 


Free. 


.24 


3.  SO 
2.40 
L70 

.35 
1.20 

.20 


.35 


Free. 


.60 

.00 
.00 


.44 

.60 
.60 

.88 


.10 


Free. 
Free. 


Fieo. 
Free. 


*  Containing  50  per  cent,  pure  alcohol  at  a  temperature  of  \iP  Cdaiua. 


TAKIFFS   OF   THE   8BV£BAL   COimTBIES. 


13 


The  tarif  of  Sweden — Continned. 


AiikHm. 


an 


or 


CbMdUe;  eUModwith 


(ehMopignoiw)  weiriit  of  e«ia  inelndod 
tth  MiUUiT  baboTdMhery. 


ery. 


Cidor;  rloied  with  Wioeo. 

Chiceory  rooi 

iMinMd  or  ground ;  rimed  with  RoMted  niAtoriolo  naod  m  sabotitntes 


«  Jnieo 

Salts oiMBBoa or  crja^ised citric  add. 

pcel,driMi 

(ScoCoaL) 


^«ciUea ;  daaaed  with  liaohinerr,  implementa,  and  tools  not  specified. 

,  pUteaax  with  belongixiKs,  and  omamonts,  n.  e.  s.,  to  be  saltJect  to 


ittty  as  the  material,  w<wked,  forming  their  cliief  component  part. 

ottkom*Bstting 

Ompe  socar ;  to  be  rlasiwri  with  Bsw  sogar,  of  darker  o<^r  than  Na  18  Ihitch 

Down,  of  ail  Mads 

AsafoCidn;  claassd  with  Apothecaries*  stock. 

In  balk 


JoBiper  jam. 


(See  Volatile  oila. ) 
PSfwr  labels  and  tags.    (See  Paper.) 
Ktois  and  traTelIng  necessaries,  made  of  materials  not  otherwise  provided  for, 

with  or  without  Mkogings 

Ships  and  boats,  with  all  appnrtensnoes 

Faleace.    (See  Porcelain. ) 


(indodes  boiled  oils) 

Korm.— So-called  ** spirit  varnish,"  consisting  of  spirits  with  a  small  addition 
of  resin  or  similar  sobstanoes,  to  be  dasaed  with  Brandy  and  spirits. 


Files :  classed  with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools  not  spedfled. 
ThimMes,  of  all  materiala  except  gold  Mid  sUver 


Salted  or  pickled ;  anchovies,  sardines,  snd  tonnj 
ki    " 


All  other  kinds 
Whalebone.    (See  Bmie  and  ivory. ) 
nah  joe,  aalted.    (See  Caviar.) 
Fiah  skins,  raw  or  prepared 


With  qnills  yet  in  .... 
With  qniU*  taken  oai. 


Forthenseof  raOway  rdling-stock 

Hoepskirt  springs,  covered.    (See  JBonnet-fraoies,  Ac) 
Watch-springs;  classed  with  Watch  materials. 

An  other  kinds  of  springs  to  be  classed  with  manulhctares  of  the  material 
of  which  the  springs  consist. 

pnttleftsh  bone,  Ossssnus 

and  personal  emscts : 

Msariea  for  traveUnft  accompanied  by  the  owner,  when  the  custom- 
house  officers  are  latinied  that  such  do  not  exceed  his  needs  during  the 


Other  old  or  previously-used  articles  and  portable  property,  when  after  due 
oath  given  l>y  the  owner  that  such  are  intended  only  for  personal  use  and 
not  for  sale,  the  custom-house  officers  Mrs  satisfied  that  such  do  not  sxceed 


rbeiry  sirup.    (See  Sirups.) 
XMerbetrywino.    (See  Wines.) 


Umow    (See  Yanishes.) 


Uviac 

Saoglitered  or  shot :  daaaed  with  Meats. 

StaAd ;  daaaed  with  Natural  curiosities. 

naandleadfoU 

Molda,  of  aU  matoriala,  when  they  are  for  use  in  msnulhctares  and  can  be  looked 
ImpleaaeBta  or  toob » 


Dutiable 
unit. 


Ikilog 
IkUog. 
1  kilog. 

1  kilog. 


1  kHog. 
1  kUog. 


1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 
Ikilog. 


1  kUog. 
1  kilog. 
1  kUog. 


Ikilog... 


Fhstofiaphic  viewa  and  portndta.    (See  Oopper  prints.) 

*See  9  5, appended  instructions. 


Ikilog... 


Duty. 


Kr,  ore. 
Frte. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
.M 

.Oi 


Free. 
Free. 


U 


.2S 
.80 


Free. 


Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


.80 


Free. 


.25 
.24 


.28 
.38 
.60 


Free. 

Free. 
Free. 

• 

Free. 


88 


Free. 


14 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


The  tariff  of  Sweden — Continaed. 


Articles. 


Dutiable   ;    jy  ^ 
unit.       !    *'"*J'- 


Fmits  aod  berries,  n.  ei  a. : 

Freeh 

Preaerred  in  brandy  or  vinegar,  the  weight  of  cana  or  bottlea  included 

Dried 

When  preaerred  in  sugar ;  olaaaed  with  Jelliea  aod  confectionery. 
Seeds: 

Canary , 

All  otner  kinds,  n.e.a 

Fireworks 

Colon  and  dye-stuft : 

White  lead,  zinc  white,  and  krems 

Cochineal 

Indigo,  indico  extract,  andcarminoof  indigo 

^OTB. — Aoove-mentioned  colors,  wht<n  prepared  in  oils  or  olhMrwlse,  may 
be  classed  with  aame  colors  unprepared. 

All  other  kinds  of  colors  and  dyes,  prepared  or  unprepared,  n.e.s 

Paint-boxes,  with  colors  and  other  belongings,  also  paints  in  shells,  glass,  &o. .. 
NoTB. — No  deduction  to  be  made  for  the  weight  of  ooxea,  sbeLs,  glass,  or  other 

belongings. 

Dyers'  I  ichen,  all  kinds 

Dye-woods,  in  logs  or  nnraspcd,  all  kinds;  also  all  other  unprepared  planta  or 

parte  of  plants  used  for  dyeing,  n.  e.  s 

Galanearoot 

Calamine  (cadmia) 

Gall-nuts 

Window-shades,  of  cotton,  linen,  or  hemp,  painted  or  printed 

Dividivi 


Ikilog. 
1  kUog. 


Ikilog. 


Kr.  ore. 


Free. 


.50 
.25 


Ikilog 


Tama: 

Cotton,  simple  or  double,  in  skeins  or  upon  bobbins : 

Uncolored 

Colored  or  printed,  all  kinds 

Ill 0TB.— In  case  it  appears  doubtful  if  yam  entered  as  "  Double  cotton 
yam  "  should  rather  not  bo  entered  as  cotton  thread,  the  importer  will 
be  required  to  furnish  expert  teatimony  to  the  cfifect  that  the  article 
really  is  what  it  is  declared  to  be,  before  being  allowed  the  benefit  of 
the  lower  duty  upon  "double  cotton  yam." 
Mohair  and  woolen  yam,  all  kinds : 

Uncolored 

Colored  or  bleached.  s.c.  "Gloss  yam"  included 

Linen  yarn : 

Uncolored  and  unbleached 

Colored  or  bleached 

Jute: 

Uncolored  and  unbleached 

Colored  or  bleached 

Sail  aod  twine  yams,  of  all  kinds,  therein  including  crass  yam 

NOTB. — Yarns  composed  of  two  or  more  materials,  suoject  to  diffei'ent 
rates  of  duty,  are  to  pay  duty  as  if  consisting  of  the  material  which 
pays  the  highest  impost,  irrespective  of  Uie  proportion  of  each  compo- 
nent part. 

Gasomo  ers,  ad  valorem 

Gelatine.    (See  Glue.) 

Gin.    (See  Brandy  and  Spirits.) 

Gentian  root 

Guns,  all  kinds ;  weight  of  gun-cases  and  other  belongings  included 

Parts  of  guns  paj'  same  duty  as  the  material,  worked,  of  which  such  parts 
are  made. 

Gypsum  (plas ter  of  Pari s) 

Gypsum  manufactures,  n.  o.  s 

Glass : 

Pots,  jars,  bottles,  and  flasks,  also  apotheenries' jars  with  name  blown  in 

Window,  unpoliKhed  or  dim-ground 

For  the  use  of  chemical  laboratories 

For  chandeliers  or  candelabra 

Optical  glasses,  separate  and  unset 

Gloss  roof-tiles 

Sidelights  for  vessels,  not unfler 7 niillimetors thick  nor  over  10  square  deci- 
meters supei-ficies,  with  or  without  frames 

PlatC'glasa: 

Unpolished,  s.  c.  "rough  plate-glass  " 

Polished :  nnsilvered 

Polished :  silvered , , , 

Watcb-glasaes 

All  other  kinds,  including  decantrrs  and  pressed  or  polished  flagons 

Colored  glass : 

Polished  or  nnpolishod,  but  unset 

When  set  in  gold  or  silver,  to  be  wci;];hed  with  and  pay  same  duty  as 

the  Betting. 
Set  ill  any  other  material ;  to  pay  duty  as  jewelry  goocls. 
Glass-gall  or  sandiver 


1  kUog. 


Ikilog. 
Ikilog. 


1  kilog. 
Ikilog. 

IkUog. 
Ikilog. 


Ikilog 
1  kilog . 


100  kroner. 


1  kilog, 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog . 


1  kilog 


1  kilog*. 

1  kilos  ■ . 
1  kilo;?.. 

1  kilog., 
1  kilog . . 


IkUog. 


Free. 


10 


.00 

.07 
.80 
.20 


Free. 


.80 


Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 

Free. 


M 


.10 
.88 


.24 
.85 


.24 
.47 


Free. 


.12 
.24 


5.00 


Free. 


.50 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


.02 
.07 


.12 


Free. 
Free. 


lYee. 


.7 

.12 

.24 

.24 

.85 

1.40 


Free. 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


15 


The  tariff  of  Sweden — Continued. 


Articles. 


Dutiablo 
iinit. 


Glaoiera'  diamondB,  mounted ;  to  b«  classed  with  Machinexy,  implements,  and 
iodla  not  speeifled. 

Broken  gLaas 

dauber  salts.    (See  Salts.) 
Litharge 


(i lobes  (Ideographical) 

Pomejn^nares.    (See  Finite.) 

Pomejn'anate  peel 

SUtepencils>  mounted  or  nnmonnted 

Grita,  all  kinds* 

lirass.  n.CkS  ,  nnmanafaotored 

(^on  d,  hackled,  or  unraveled 

Grass-mat*  aad  grass-rope 

VeertaMes: 

jFresh 

Prcserred  in  brandy  or  vinegar,  the  weight  of  jars  or  cans  Included 

Dried  w  salted 

Gold: 

Unworked 

TVorked 

Gold  leaf,  genuine  or  imitation 

KOTB — ^Weight  of  papersheets  between  which  gold  leaf  is  laid  to  be  in- 
cluded. 

Gold  in  the  shape  of  powder  or  dost  for  painters'  nse 

Military  haberdashery,  of  gold  or  silver: 

Borders,  npanglee,  fringes,  galloons,  cords,  and  other  articles,  n.  o.  s 

Gums,  all  kinos,  n.  e.  s. 


Gutt»-perclia,  unworked  or  rolled  in  sheets 

Manufactures  of: 

Pines,  hose,  snd  buffers 

Goloshes,  when  tiimmed  with  fur,  are  to  bo  classed  with  India-rubber 

clothing. 
Other  gott»-percha  manufactures,  n.  e.  s.,  and  not  belonging  to  the  cate- 
gory of  machinery,  implements,  tools,  or  parts  thereof. 

Fcrtilisera,  au  kinds,  n.  e.8 

Shot 


Straw 

Mannfactnios  of,  n.  e.s  

Xeck-cloth  stiffenings 

Hemp,  unhackled  or  hackled,  Jute  included  therein 

Glovea,  aU  kinds 

Glove  leather,  ready-cut  for  glove-makiug 

Resin  and  resin  varnish 

Hats,  fully  or  imrtly  manufactured : 

Of  silk,  half  silk,  or  any  otber  material  not  mentioned  below,  also  ladies' 

bonnots,  all  kinks 

Of  wool,  hair,  felt,  or  plush .   .     

Of  str^w,  includin  '  s.  c.  '*  Panama  hats" 

Other  kinds,  as  of  chip,  roots  or  leaves,  uf  oil-cloth,  oiled  skin,  and  s.  c.  "sou- 
westers" 

XOTS. — Hats  composed  of  several  materials  pa3'  dutj*  as  if  manufactured  of 
the  material  forming  their  chief  component  part. 

Hat  linings,  of  silk  or  any  other  textile  when  united  to  another  material 

Hat  ahapes,  with  or  without  stiffening ;  to  be  classed  with  the  manufactures 
to  which  they  are  most  nearly  allitMl. 

ll'jney .' 

Horn: 

Unworked 

liaoufactured: 

Sheeta  and  laminse 

Platea  for  lant horns,  &o 

Buttons,  polished  or  unpolished 

Other  horn  manufactures 

Hides  and  skins  (includes  leather) : 

When  they  cannot  be  looked  upon  as  furs : 

Cnprepared,  all  kinds 

Prepared: 

Solo-leather  snd  alnm-tanncd  leather,  also  chamois-dressed  hides  and 

skins 

All  other  kinds  of  leather 

Fare: 

Unprepared : 

Goat,  reindeer,  seal,  elk,  deer,  kangaroo,  roebuck,  bare,  and  sheep 

skins,  excepting  gray  Crimean  and  grnuino  Antrachan 

Beaver,  skunk,  chinchilla,  marten,  niiuk,  sable,  blaek  and  blue  fox, 

and  otter 

All  other  kinds 


1  kilog. 


1  kilog 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog 
1  kilog. 


1  kilo^: 
i  kilog' 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


1  pice<). 
1  pioco. 
1  pioco 

1  piece 


1  kilog 


1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 
1  kilog 


1  kilog 
1  kilog 


1  kilog.. 
1  kilog. 


Duty. 


Kr.  ore. 


Freo. 

Free. 
Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


.7 
Free. 

Free. 
.50 
.26 

Freo. 
1*^.00 
2.40 


2.40 

2.40 
Free. 
Free. 

Free. 


.94 

Free. 

.7 

Free. 

.04 

2.40 

Free. 

2.40 

.70 

Free. 

1  50 

.40 

.40 

.40 


1.80 


.10 

Free. 

Free. 
.60 
.40 
1.20 


Free. 


.16 
.50 


Free. 


2  40 
60 


*  See  ^  5,  appended  instructions. 


16 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Ttie  loriff  nf  ^trfc/eii— Coniiuucd. 


Articlvft. 


Prepared: 

iXKwe  or  Mwed  together: 

Goat,  reindeer,  teal,  elk,  deer,  kaafforoo,  roebnok,  bare,  and  aheep 

akins,  excepting  gray  Crimean  and  genaino  Aatracnan 

All  other  kinds  nay  aamc  duty  as  similar  Aira,  unprepared,  irith 
the  addition  or  20  per  cent 
Far  mannfiictarea,  each  as  tar  coats,  mnfb,  far  collars,  See.,  pay  same  daty  as 
the  prepared  far  of  which  they  ore  made,  with  the  addition  of  20  per  cent 


Lop« 

lODSt 


Lobsters. 

Spermaceti 

Beetroots: 

Baw... 


Cot  and  dried 

Birthwort  root 

Hair: 

Horsehair 

Other  kinds. n.e.s 

Hair  or  horsehair  manafactures,  with  or  withoat  setting  or  framing 

Hair  tinctaro  or  dyes;  classed  with  Chemioo-technical  prepMationa 

Hooks,  hooks  and  eyes 

KOTB. — "So  deduction  allowed  for  weight  of  boxes  or  of  pasteboard  to  which 
hooks  are  fastened. 
Sospenders  cr  parts  thereof: 

Of  sUk  or  half  silk 

All  ether  kinds,  Iheiein  iuclading  such  silken  ones  as  are  partly  c4>mpostd  of 

caoatchoac,  India-mbbcr,  or  smiilar  materials 

KoTK. — N'o  deduction  allowed  for  weight  of  buckles  or  rings. 

Hay 

Ginger: 

l>ried 

Preserved,  weight  of  Jugs  included 

Insects;  classed  with  Natand  curiosities. 

]nsect>powder 

Instruments: 

Surgical,  mathematical,  optical,  physical,  and  nautical,  of  all  kinds,  withoat 
or  with  ituia  or  cases;  therein  iucludcd  mounted  optical  glasses,  barome- 
ters, and  thermometeis,  also  industrial  instruments;  to  do  classed  with 
Machinery,  implements  and  tools,  not  specified, 
llosioal : 

Plutes,  clarinets,  andobo^ 

Guitars,  lutes,  violins,  violoncellos,  contrabaasoe,  frenoh  horns,  trumpets, 
post-horns,  .signaMioms,  drums,  kettledrums,  harpsichords,  barrel- 
organs,  and  harps 

Piano-fortes: 

Square  or  upright 

Grand  pianos 

Music-boxes 

KOTB.— Music-boxes  of  which  the  case  is  made  of  gold,  silver,  or  tor- 
toise-shell, are  to  be  classed  as  manufkotures  of  those  materials. 

Organs  and  harmoniums,  ad  valorem 

Musical  instruments  not  specified  are  to  be  classed  with  those  among  the 

above-mentioned  kinds  to  which  they  are  most  nearly  allied. 
NOTB  A. — No  more  than  two  bows,  two  mouth-pieces,  itc,  to  be  allowed 
to  each  instrument.    A  ny  above  that  number,  as  well  as  all  belongings 
to  musical  instnmients  when  separately  invoiced,  are  to  pay  10  per 
cent,  ad  valorem. 
Horn  B. — ^Instruments  which  ftom  their  dimensions  and  general  con- 
struction are  plainly  intended  for  toys  are  to  be  classed  as  such, 
ghip-flt tings  and  furniture,  n.  e.  s.,  when  not  conaistlng  of  household  articles  and 
wearing  apparel ;  also  ship  fittings  and  furniture,  orall  kinds,  when  belonging 

to  wrecked  or  distressed  foreign  vessels 

Lard,  all  qualities 

ifavn: 


Dutiable 
uniL 


lkik>g. 


1  kilog. 


1  kilog 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog... 


Cast: 


Pig  and  ballast  iron,  worthless  cannon,  shells,  mortars,  and  csnnon  Iwlls. . 
Shells  and  cannon  balls,  when  gauged  to  a  definite  standard  and  filed, 
cannon,  field-pieceai  swivels,  mortars  when  stamped  and  bored,  also 

gun-carriages,  small  or  large 

Cannon,  fielu-pieces,  swivels,  and  mortars,  all  unstamped  and  unbored ; 

also  oooking-range  covers  and  iron  weights 

Iron  pots,  pans,  kettles,  stoves,  ranges  and  galley-ranges,  railings  with 

stays  and  door-posts ;  also  look-gates 

Cast-iron  articles,  n.  e.  s. : 

For  railway  plant,  or  for  machinery  or  parts  thereof;  to  be  classed 
with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools  not  specified. 
Common  goo«ls: 

•Axles,  scales,  mortars  and  pestles,  pressing  and  smoothing  irons, 
tapping  irons,  dto 


IkUog 
1  kilog. 

1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


Duty. 


Kr,drt, 


.IB 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


.•1 
Oi 


eo 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog 


1  piece... 


1  pieoe 

1  pieoe — 
1  piece.... 
1  kilog.... 


100  kroner 


1  kilog.... 
IkUog  ..N 
1  kilog.... 


1  kilog. 


%4% 
L2» 

Free. 


50 


Free. 


LOO 

40.00 
00.00 

Lao 


0.00 


Frea 


.01 

An 


.07 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   C0UNTEIE8. 


17 


The  tariff  of  Sweden — Continaed. 


Articles. 


Iron    Continued. 

Cost^-Continned.  ^ 

Common  good»— Con  tinned. 

b  Firc-fttanda,  foot-scrapera,  ]>ftdIock«,  coffee-mills,  c>opying*pre88es, 

nmbrella-stuids,  spittoons,  Sec 

Finer  goods : 

a  Bss-reliefs,  flower-TSMS,  busts,  froit  dpergnes,  baskets,  candle- 
sticks,  lamps,  medallions,  paper-weigbts.  plateaux,  incense-ves- 
sels, watcb-stands,  6cc.,  witb  or  without,  coloring  or  japanning 

b  Bracelets,  chains,  crosses,  pins,  rings,  &c. ;  to  be  classed  with  Jew- 
elry goods. 

Buttons,  j spanned  or  ui^j  apanned 

Shoe^  nails 

Wrought  or  rolled : 

Anchors,  bolts  of  all  descriptions,  anchor-drags,  chain-cables,  chain-stop- 
pers, hooks,  rudder-hinges,  and  ship's  knees 

Chains,  when  the  iron  of  which  the  links  are  forged  is  less  than  6  milli- 
meters in  diameter 

Sledge  hammers  and  anvils;  to  be  classed  with  machinery,  implements, 

and  tools  not  specified. 
Iron  in  bars,  all  kinds,  regardless  of  form  or  dimensions,  therein  included 

beam,  band,  hoop,  T  and  angle  iron;  also  insots 

BaOway  material,  n.  e.  s..  or  parts  thereof;  to  be  claMcd  with  machinery 

implements,  and  tools  not  specified. 
Bailwsy-bars,  with  their  fisb-plates,  fish-plate  bolts,  screw-nuts,  and 

spikes 

Other  screw-nuts  and  screws ;  also  nails  of  a  diameter  of  12  millimeters 

or  over   

Safes  and  iron  bedsteads,  ad  valorem 

Plates;  galvanised,  tinned  or  untioned,  but  not  further  advanced  in 
manufacture ;  also  plates  of  3  millimeters  or  more  in  thickness,  more 
or  less  advanced  in  manufacture,  and  other  similar  materials  for  fur- 

tiier  manipulation 

Shoe-nails,  clipped  or  cut 

Kails  of  45  milnmoters  in  length  or  over 

All  other  nails  and  all  other  hand  or  factory  made  wrought-iron  goods, 
not  otherwise  provided  for: 

When  |M>1ishe<l  or  Jspanned  ;. 

Otb*-r  kinds,  with  or  without  a  coat  of  paint 

Gilded,  silvered,  and  plated  articles ;  classed  with  metals,  not  speci- 
fied. 
Iron  stain ;  classed  with  chemico-tecbnical  preparations. 

Scrap-iron,  cast,  wrought,  or  rolled 

PoUshing-earth 

Jnte.    (^ec  Hemp.) 

Precious  stones,  set  or  unset 

Tesst,  sU  kin<ls 

Coffee,  green 

Bossted  coffee,  and  every  substitute  for  coffee  in  the  roasted  state 

Cacao 

When  ground  or  grated ;  to  be  classed  with  chocolate. 

Cacao  shells 

Dutch  tiles,  all  kinds 

Lime,  slaked  or  unslaked 

Cslamus  (sweet  fiag) ».... 

Camphor,  raw  or  refined 

Camphene ;  to  be  classed  with  fossil  or  mineral  oils,  rectified. 

Cinoamon,  cinnamon  buds,  and  cassia  lignea 

Cspers,  weight  of  jars  included 

Csrbolic  acid ;  classed  with  chemico-tecbnical  preparations. 

Burdocks  and  carding  combs 

Cardamon 

Csrds  and  carding-leather ;  to  be  classed  with  machinery,  implements,  and  tools 
not  specified. 

Bonnet-framee  and  similar  wire  and  tape  fkames 

Note. — No  deduction  for  weight  of  paper- wrapping  or  stuffing. 

Maps 

Chestnuts    . 

Unmanufactured , 

Indi-rubber,  vulcanised  or  unvuloanised : 
Manufactured : 

Boiled  in  sheets  of  1  millimeter  in  thickness  or  over,  with  or  without  tex- 
tile woof 

Of  a  thickness  less  than  1  millimeter,  without  textile  woof 

With  woof;  to  be  classed  with  water-proof  textile  manufactures. 

Pipe,  hose,  and  buffers 

Shoes  bordered  with  tar.  classed  with  India-rubber  clothing. 

Xrasing-mbber,  mounted  in  wood 

All  other  India-rubber  manufactures,  n.  e.  s.,  and  which  cannot  be  classed 

with  maohinery,  implements,  tools,  or  jMcts  thereof 

Caviar;  indodcaall  fish-roe,  salted •• 


Dutiable 
units. 


Duty. 


Ikilog... 


1  kilog.... 


1  kilog.... 
1  kilog.... 


1  kilog 


100  kroner 


Kr.dre, 


.15 


.25 


.15 
.07 


Free. 


.12 


Free. 


Free. 

Free. 
10.00 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog 

1  kilog.... 


1  kilog.... 
1  kilog.... 
1  kilog 

1  kUog.... 
1  kilog 


1  kilog.... 
1  kUog.... 


Free. 


.07 
.03 


.35 
.15 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


1  kilog.... 


1  kilog.... 


1  kilog... 


1  kUog... 

1  kOog.. 
1  kilog.. 


.26 
.35 
.30 

.10 
.05 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

.85 
.40 

Free. 
L20 


LIO 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


.04 


Free. 


.04 

.M 
1.80 


1784  CONG — A  P- 


18 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


The  tariff  of  Sweden — Continued. 


AiticleB. 


Chemioo-tecbDical  preparations,  d.  e.  a.,  iDcladea  albameDf  aniline  colora,  glycer- 
ine, hair-dyes,  carboUo  acid,  collodion,  &c.,  ad  yalorem 

Lamp-black 

Cinchona-bark 

Putty  and  cementing  pastes,  all  kinds 

Bran,  all  kinds 

Chlor  calcin m  

Chloride  of  kalium 

Clothing,  n.  e.  s. : 
New  wearing  apparel,  or  parts  thereof,  new  table-linen,  towels,  sheets,  pillow- 
cases, Sec.,  with  other  similar  hoosehold  articles,  even  when  each  articles  are 
marked  or  trimmed  with  embroideries,  galloons,  fringes,  blondes,  or  laces, 
are  to  pay  duty  as  manufactures  of  the  cloth  or  material  forming  the  chief 
component  part  of  such  articles,  with  an  addition  of  20  percent. 
NOTK. — ^In  the  case  of  wearing  apparel  the  outer  cloth  is  to  be  taken  as  a  basis 
for  asspssine  the  duty :  but  8hould  it  be  found  difficult  to  ascertain  what  la 
the  material  forming  the  chief  component  part  of  such  outer  cloth,  the  ma- 
terial payine  the  highest  duty  is  to  be  chosen  as  such  chief  component  part. 
Oiled  or  varnished  clothing,  not  including  such  as  are  covered  with  India-rub- 
ber or  gutta-percha,  pay  same  duty  as  the  cloth  of  which  such  clothing  is 
made,  without  any  addition  of  duty. 
NOTS— Should  it  be  found  difficult  to  asceriain  of  what  kind  of  cloth  oiled  or 
varnished  clothing  is  made,  such  clothing  is  io  be  classed  with  *' Waxed  tex- 
tile manufactures,  other  kinds."    Ai-ticlee  of  clothinc  that  are  knit  or  knot- 
ted or  made  upon  the  knitting-machine,  such  as  hoods,  jackets,  and  under- 
wear, even  when  provided  with  buttons,  braid,  ice,  are  to  pay  duty  as  knit 
floods  without  addition, 
wearing  apparel,  belonging  to  seamen  or  travelers,  when  evidently  in  use,  ac- 
companied by  the  owner,  and  not  exceeding  his  personal  needs 

Hoofs,  Classed  with  Hoin.  unmanufactured. 

Guu-caps,  weight  of  boxes  included 

Acorns,  ground  or  unground 

Buttons: 

Of  horn.    (See  Horn  ) 

Of  ii*on.    (Ste  Iron.) 

Muiufactnrcd  of  more  than  one  material  or  of  a  material  not  provided  for  . . 

All  other  kinds  to  be  classed  with  manufactures  of  the  substance  of  which 

they  are  maile. 
Note  I.— Where  buttons  of  glass,  horn,  metal,  mother  of  pearl,  or  Jet  are  only 
composed  of  several  materials  in  so  far  as  the  shank  is  of  a  different  snh- 
stance,  such  buttons  are  to  be  classed  as  manufactures  of  glass,  horn, 
metal,  dec. 
Note  II.— No  deduction  to  be  allowed  for  weight  of  pasteboards  to  which 
buttons  may  be  fastened  or  of  the  bpxes  conUitning  them. 
Knives: 

Razors,  with  or  without  Attit 

Penknives  

NoTK.— Knives  having  other  implements  or  blades  besides  penknife  blades 
are  to  be  classed  with  Penknives. 

Knives  for  chipping,  for  the  use  of  seamen  or  other  oMne  use 

Table  knives  and  other  kinds,  n.  e.  s. ;  also  forks : 

With  handles  of  silver,  Britannia  metal,  ivory,  or  walma  tusk 

With  handles  of  any  other  substance 

Cobalt  ore  and  cobalt        

Coiffures  (head-dresses)  to  be  subject  to  the  same  provisions  as  Clothing. 

Charcoal 

Collodion,  classed  with  Chemico-technical  preparations. 

Jellies  and  confectionery  (includes  Jams  and  fruits  preserved  in  sugar;  also 

sugar-plums  and  pastilles) 

Preserves,  comestibles  in  hermetically-closed  cans  or  Jars,  weight  of  the  cans 

and  Jars  to  be  included 

Copper : 

Kaw  or  refined 

Hammered,  rolled,  or  cast: 

In  plates  or  in  other  shapes  for  further  manipulation 

Copper  plates  snd  nails  lor  ships'  bottoms 

All  other  completed  manufactures: 

Unpolished 

Polished 

Nickel  and  copper-nickel 

Scrap  copper  or  old  copper  only  fit  for  resmeltine ;  also  copper  ashes 

Copper-pnnts,  steel  ana  wood  engravings;  also  lithographic  and  photographic 
^productions,  n.  Ot  s. : 

Wlien  unframod 

Framed.    (See  Pictnre-fhunes.) 

Corals,  genuine,  un  worked  or  worked  but  unset 

Set  in  gold  or  silver,  to  be  weighed  with  and  pay  same  duty  as  the  setting. 
Set  in  any  other  material,  to  pay  duty  as  Jewel^  goods. 
Sausages 


Dutiable 
unit 


100  kroner 
IkUog  ... 


Duty. 


IkUog 
i'kiiog! 


Ikilog. 


IkUog. 


Ikilog.. 
IkUog.. 


1  kUog. 

1  kilog. 
1  kUog. 


1  kilog. 
Ikilog. 


IkUog. 
IkUog. 


Ikilog.... 


JTr.  dr«. 

S.00 
.14 

Free. 
.07 

Free. 
.02 

Fr«e. 


Lao 

Free. 


60 


.60 
1.20 


.14 


1.20 
.24 
Free. 


Tne, 


.60 

.30 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


.35 
.70 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


20 


TABIFF8  OF  THE  SBVERAL  COONTBIES. 


19 


Tke  tariff  of  Sweden — Continued. 


ArtidM. 


Basket  work : 

or  anpeetod  twigs  or  oottTM  chips 

All  otoer  kinds 

CoiisDder 

Carrsats.  

Corks,  cnt : 

Not  moantsd 

Mounted ■ 

Cork  bsrk,  anmsnafiustured 

Cork  soles 

When  a  textile  material  or  leather  is  a  component  part  of  them  ad  valorem . . 

Anmsla,  Uvintc ;  all  kinds ■ 

Animals'  feed  or  fodder;  alln.e.s 

Boopskirts.  made  of  springs  covered  with  thread  or  jam  and  held  together  hy 
tapes  sewed  thereon,  are  to  be  classed  ss  Clothmg  of  tape  or  ribbon ;  if  the 
skins  are  made  of  cloth  and  provided  with  springs,  they  are  to  pay  duty  as 
Clothing  made  of  the  cloth  used  as  the  onter  covering  of  such  skirts. 
Crystal  manafactnrps ;  to  be  classed  with  Glass,  all  other  kinds. 
Clialk,  white,  and  chalkstone,  whole  or  gronnd,  also  red  and  black  chalk  and 
pastel  chalks . 

When  mounted  or  set ;  to  be  classed  with  Pencils. 

Fish-hook  s  

Bichromate  of  potash ;  classed  with  Colors  and  dye-stuffs,  not  specified. 
Pottery  manufactures :  n.  o.  s.,  nnglaxed  or  glased,  painted  or  nnpainted,  also 

terra-cotta  and  terralith 

O  «mpowder  and  other  explosives  or  cartridges  made  of  such 

Tincture  for  coloring  wine : 

When  mixed  with  water;  classed  with  Sirups. 

When  mixed  with  spirits ;  chuwed  with  Liqueurs. 

Carraway  seed 

Walking-canea,  all  kinds    

Cases,  boxes,  cans,  iars,  baling  and  all  similsr  articles,  when  evidently  used 
simply  to  protect  the  merchandise  therein  packed,  except  where  it  is  specisUy 
provided  that  the  weight  of  such  packing  shall  be  indnded  in  assessing  duty . . 

Meals  of  all  kinds 

Sealing-wax 

Japanned  or  lacquered  ware : 

Of  tinned  plate.    (See  Tin-plate  manufactures.) 

Of  lead.    (See  Lead,  worked  ) 

Of  leather.    (See  Leather  manufactures.) 

Of  psateboard.    (See  Pasteboard  mannfactares.) 

Of  tin.    (See  Tin,  manufactured.) 

Of  wood.    (See  Wood  msnufactares.) 

Of  Jtinc.    (See  Zinc,  worked.) 

All  other  kinds.  n.e.s 

Pstent  leather ;  to  be  classed  with  Hides  and  skins. 


Laord  leaves  and  berries 


root 


Lamps  snd  lanterns ;  to  be  classed  with  Mannfactares  of  the  material  which  is 
their  chief  component  part. 
NoTB.~Glass  globes  Ddonglng  to  lamps  are  to  be  classed  with  Glass. 
Toys: 

When  made  of  wood  or  of  more  than  one  material,  with  or  withont  staining, 

painting,  or  japanning 

AM  other  kinda ;  to  be  classed  with  Manufactures  of  the  material  of  which 

they  are  made. 
KoTK.— No  deduction  allowed  for  the  weight  of  paper,  boxes,  Slo.,  imme- 
diatdy  sorroanding  toys. 

Oay 

Clay  pipes.    (See  Pipe-bowls.) 

Scythes ;  to  be  classed  with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools  not  spediled. 

liqnenrs  

Gloe: 


Dutiable 
tmit. 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog 
1  kilog 
1  kilog 

1  kilog 
1  kilog. 


1  kilo«r  .  ■ 
100  kroner. 


1  kilog 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog 


1  kilog. 


1  kilog. . 


1  kilog 
1  kilog. 


IkOog. 


lainglass  snd  gdatice. 
All  other  kinds 


Freah ;  elaaaed  with  Lemons. 

Salted ;  classed  with  Preserved  fhrits. 

Lime  inice ;  classed  with  Lemon  Jnioe. 

Flax,  hackled  and  nohackled 

Lentils ;  daseed  with  grain  and  breadstnlb. 
Candles: 


Of  tallow  and  palmitlne 


All  other  kin< 

Chaadelieis  or  parts  thereot  n.  e.  a ;  to  be  classed  with  mamifhctaies  of  the  ma- 
terial which  18  their  chief  component  part,  without  dedacting  the  wdght  of 
lamp-chimneya  or  glsas  globes  thereto  belonging. 

Bmelhng  waters,  eanx  de  toilette.  Sec. ,  weight  of  bottles  included 

Bags,  slso  if  already  prepared  for  the  paper  mannfactare 


lUter  . 

1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


Duty. 


.10 
.(X) 
.26 
.25 

.35 
1.20 
Free. 
.85 
10.00 
Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


.07 
.12 


.04 

2.7C 


Free. 
Free. 


.60 


.60 


Free. 


.12 
.12 


Free. 


60 


Free. 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog 


.76 

L70 
.14 


Free. 


.or 

.12 


LOO 
Fr«^. 


I 


20 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


The  tariff  of  Sweden — Continued. 


Article*. 


Lout ■ 

Leather.    (See  Hides  and  skioa.) 

Leather  manofactarea,  n.  e.  a.,  are  to  pay  the  aame  duty  aa  the  leather  which  la 
their  chief  component  part  with  the  addition  of  20  per  cent. 
Note.— Leather  belting,  aewed  or  riveted,  or  otherwiae  evidently  intended 
for  nae  in  connection  with  machinery,  tobe  claaaed  with  Partaof  machinery 

Laata,  for  ahoemaking 

Oniona,  all  kinds,  n.  e.  a 

Mattreaaea ;  to  be  claaaed  with  Bedding. 

NOTB.— Mattresses  provided  with  frames  or  apringa  to  be  claaaed  with  Man- 
ufactured goods  not  mentioned  in  tariflL 

Indian  com,  giouud  orunground 

Midzena.    (See  Starch.) 

Orea,  all  kinda.  u.  e.  a 

Oreapecimena 

Malt  liqnora : 
In  barrels: 

Porter 

All  other  kinda 

In  bottlea  or  Juga: 

Porter 

All  other  kinda ^ » 

Almonda  

Mica 


Maaka 

Machinery,  implementa,  and  tools,  or  parts  thereof,  n.e.s 

Machine  and  wagon  greaae 

Mata  and  matting: 

Of  chip,  straw,  roots,  bollmshes,  cocoannt  bristlea,  or  rattan 

NoTK.— Matting  used  in  stowing  a  ship's  cargo,  or  as  protection  to  the  same, 

is  not  subject  to  duty. 
Of  bast.    (See  Bast  matting.) 
Of  graas.    (See  Graaa  mata.) 

■Medals,  all  kinds         

Brass ;  classed  with  Metals,  not  specified. 
Metals,  n.  e,  s..  simple  or  compound : 

Unworkea 

Worked : 

Plates,  brass  sheets,  and  hoop-bands,  also  in  other  shapes  for  further 

manipulation   

Sheet-metal  and  nails  for  aheathing  veaaels 

Other  ai tides,  flattened  brass  wire  and  metal-cloth  included: 

When  mure  or  less  gilded,  silvered,  or  plated,  or  covered  with 

(so-called)  "gold- burnishing" 

Articles  not  having  any  such  outer  coating  or  finishing 

Scrap  and  old,  orevloosly-ueed  metal,  n.  e.  s.,  only  fit  for  resmelting. 
Microscopes;  classed  with  Instruments. 

Minerals  for  collections  of  natural  tdstory 

Mead — 

Flour,  n.  e.  s.,  of  vegetable  origin,  that  cannot  be  included  in  Grain  and  bread- 
atuns  or  in  Mediciuca 


Of  grain.    (See  Grain  and  breadatuflfs.) 

Of  arrowroot.    (See  Flour,  of  vegetable  origin,  n.  e.  a. ) 

Mosaic  articles;  to  bo  classed  with  Stones,  worKea. 

Mulberry  sirup ;  to  be  claaaed  with  Wines. 

Mouth  harmonicas;  classed  with  Toys. 

Sealing  waft^ra.  cut  or  in  sheets 

NoTB. — No  deduction  for  weight  of  boxes,  paper  bags,  or  other  similar  wrap- 
ping. 

Morils;  to  be  classed  with  Mushrooms. 

Bricks;  to  be  classed  with  Tiles  and  bricks. 

Music  notes  or  books 

Nutmegs,  dried,  and  mace 

When  preserved;  claaaed  with  Jelliea. 

Musk. 


Mussels  and  ovatera : 

Freah,  weight  of  cans  or  jan  included. . 

Pickled  or  salted 

Coin,  of  gold,  silver,  or  copper 

Myrrh;  classed  with  Apothecariea'  stock. 

Pictures  and  drawinga,  unframed 

Caps  for  men;  claaaed  with  Clothing. 
Caplinmgs.    (See  Hat-linings.) 

VaJiaos.  traveling-bags,  and  hat-boxes 

Natural  curiosities  for  scientific  oollections. 

ClOVM 


*'Nicht"  (pollen of  Xyeopodttttnelavattttn) 

Pins  and  needles  not  made  of  gold  or  ailver  and  not  properly  coming  within  the 

category  of  Jewelry  gooda 

Note.— No  deduction  for  Uie  weight  of  boxea  or  of  paper  upon  which  pins  are 
faatened. 


Dutiable 
nnit. 


Ikilog 


1  KHog... 


Ikilog. 
Ikilog. 

lUter.. 
lliter.. 
IkUog. 


1  piece, 
i'kilc^! 
Ikilog. 


I  kUog. 
1  kilog 


lUter. 


IkUog. 


Ikilog... 


Ikilog. 
inter.. 


Ikilog. 
i'idiog! 


Ikilog. 


Duty. 


ITr.  ora. 
Free. 


Free. 


.05 


.01 A 


Free. 
Free. 


.07 
.05 

.12 
.08 
.35 


Free. 


.10 


Free. 


.05 
.07 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


.70 
.35 


Free. 


Free. 


.10 


Freeu 


1.00 


Free. 
L20 


Free. 


.05 
.15 


Free. 
Free. 


.50 


Free. 


.50 


Free. 


.40 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEYEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


21 


The  tariff  of  Sweden — Continued. 


ArtSdes. 


Bireb-bark  tirip* 

Kete.  all  kinds ;  to  pay  same  duty  m  the  yam  ot  whtoh  they  are  made,  with  the 

additkm  of  10  per  oent. 
KuU: 

Cocoa-nata 

Haael-nata.  walonta,  and  other  kinds 

OUres 

OOa: 

Fat  oila,  not  T<datfle: 
Sweet  or  olive  ofl : 

In  barrels 

In  bottles  or  similar  vessels 

Hemp,  oocoa-nat,  pahn,  and  spermacoti  oil 

Ooton-oil ;  classes  with  Apothecaries*  stock. 

AU  other  fat  oils,  n.e.s 

Boiled  oils.    (See  Varnishes.) 
YolatOe  oils,  vegetable : 

Cognac,  ram,  and  arrak  essences ;  classed  with  Ethers. 

Kot  otherwise  jprovided  for,  weight  of  bottles  included 

Fossil  or  mineral  oUs  and  such  as  are  prodnced  by  dry  distillation : 

Katlve  or  raw,  with  earthy  or  resin-like  imparities,  of  dark-brown  or 

black -brown  color 

Bectifled  mineral  oils,  such  as  coal-oil  or  petroleum,  when  colorless  or 
yellow-brown  till  yellow  in  color ;  rectified  rock  and  earth  oils,  naph- 
tha, so-called  "sour-oU,"  paraffine  oil,  and  other  similar  liquids  used 

ss  lighting  material  

KoTB. — 8.  o.  lighting:  flnid,  composed  of  volatile  oil  and  spirits,  is  to  be 
classed  with  Rectified  mineral  oils. 
CKl-cake 


Dutiable 
unit. 


Cheeee;  all  kinds 

Oysters ;  classed  with  Mussels. 

Pasteboard 

Pasteboard  and  paper  manufactures,  all  kinds : 

Ui^spsnned v 

Japanned,  includes  papier-macb6  goods 

Paper: 

Slieathing,  pressing,  roofine,  polishing,  and  emery  paper 

Cartridgt;  and  wrapping  pap4;r  

Blotting  pad.  plain  or  colored,  printing  and  engraving  paper 

For  the  manufacture  of  paper  hangings 

Another  kindx.  ruled  paper  therein  included..: 

PspM*  hangings  and  borders 

Paraffine.  unrefined 

When  refined,  to  be  classed  with  Chemico-technical  preparations. 
Umbrellas  and  parasols : 

Of  silk  or  half  silk,  in  the  latter  case  irrespective  of  the  greater  or  lesser 
proportion  of  silk. 

All  other  kinds  

Parts  of  niubrillas  and  parasols : 

Frames 

Coverings,  cut  or  sewed,  are  to  pay  same  duty  as  the  material  of  which 
they  consist,  with  the  addition  of  10  pei  cent. 
Umbrella  covers  or  ituis : 

Of  l^her,  impoited  separately  or  with  the  umbrdlas.    (See  Leather  manu- 
factures.) 
Of  clt>th.  imported  bv  themselves,  pay  same  duty  as  the  material  of  which 
they  are  made,  with  the  addition  oflO  per  cent. 

Perfumes,  n  e.s..  weight  of  bottles  and  wrapping  included 

Pens,  writine,  all  kin£ 

NoTB  —Weight  of  boxes  and  pasteboards  included. 
Pen-hojders: 

All  kinds,  except  those  made  of  gold  or  silver 

Of  gold  or  sUver.    (See  Gold  or  Silver  in  a  worked  state.) 
Hair  pencils:  to  be  claased  with  machinery,  implements,  and  tools,  not  specified. 

Pepper;  sll  kinds 

KoTK. — In  assessing  duty  upon  Cayenne  pepper,  the  weight  of  the  bottles  or 
cans  is  to  be  included, 
^rchment ;  classed  with  Hides  and  skins. 
KoCbcr-of-nearl : 

Unworked 

Worked: 

Without  setting   

Set  in  gold  or  sOver;  to  be  weighed  with  and  pay  same  dnty  as  the 

setting. 
Set  in  other  materials;  to  be  classed  with  Jewell^  goods. 
NOTS.— No  deduction  allowed  for  the  weight  of  boxes,  ituii,  or  paste- 
boarda  to  which  articles  may  be  fastened. 
Pearls: 

Genuine;  loose  or  mounted 

Imitation: 

Made  of  glass - 


1  piece. 

Ikilog 

Ikilog. 


1  kilog 
1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 

1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 

1  kUog. 

Ikilog 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog 
1  kilog. 
Ikilog. 
1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


1  piece. 
1  piece. 
1  kilog 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


Ikilog  .. 


Duty. 


Kr,  ore. 
Free. 


.10 
.25 
.25 


.02 
.05 
.05 

.07 


.60 


Free. 


.05 


Vree. 


.07 

.05 

.35 
.60 


Free. 


.02 
.05 
.09 
.19 
.19 


Free. 


.75 
.25 
.85 


1.00 
.00 


.60 
.30 


Free. 


.80 


Free. 


1  kUog. 


.85 


22 


TABIFF8  OF  THE  SEYEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


21i$  Ui/r\ff  of  Swedm — Continaed. 


Aitldet. 


Pearls— CoDtinaed. 
ImiDimtlon : 

AU  other  kinda 

Set  in  gold  or  silver;  to  be  weighed  with  and  pay  same  duty  as  the 

setting. 
Set  in  any  other  material  than  gold  or  sUver ;  to  be  classed  with  Jewelry 

goods. 
^OTB.— The  last  section  applies  to  bracelets  of  glass  beads  provided 
with  plates  or  fiuiteners  or  glass. 

Peach  pits 

Wigs  and  parts  thereof 

Pumice  stone 

Pipe-bowls,  monnted  or  unmounted  (includes  cigar-holders  and  pipes) : 

Of  meerschaum,  genuine  or  imitation 

AUolber  kinds 

NOTK.>-No  deduction  for  weight  of  ituu,  boxea,  paper  or  similar  wrapping. 
Pistachios ;  to  be  classed  with  Fruits,  dried. 
Pistols.    (See  Guns.) 
Plants 


Platinum,  worked  or  unworked 

Prunes,  dried 

Plumes,  all  kinds,  includes  ostrich  feathers 

Pomades,  weight  of  pots  included 

Orange-flower  water,  weight  of  bottles  included 

Bitter  oranges 

Bitter  orange  buds  and  peel,  dried 

Porcelain : 

Not  real,  stone-china  or  faience : 

White  or  of  uniform  color,  but  nnpainted: 

Plates  

All  other  pieces 

Paiuted  or  printed : 

Plates 

AU  other  pieces 

Genuine : 

"White,  or  of  uniform  color 

Gilded,  silvered,  or  printed  with  designs  or  flowers 

Portfolios,  money-purses,  reticules,  pouches,  and  cigar  cases : 

OfsUkorhalf  eUk 

All  other  kinds 

KOTB. — No  deduction  allowed  for  weight  of  bq^es,  paper,  or  other  wrapping, 
or  for  inlaying  (of  paper  in  portfolios). 

Potatoes,  whole,  cut,  or  grated 

Potato-flour  and  Htarcb  material  derived  from  potatoes.    (See  Starch.) 
Potash.    (See  Ashes.) 

Pozzolaoa  (volcanic  ashes) 

Tarpaulins;  clafrsed  with  Textile  manufactures,  waxed. 

Poudi  e  de  riz ;  to  be  claased  with  Flour,  of  vegetable  origin,  not  specified. 

Quicksilver 

Implements  or  parts  thereof;  classed  with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools, 

not  specified. 
Traveling  blankets,  double-sewed  together  or  bordered ;  to  be  classed  as  manu- 
factures of  the  textile,  which  is  their  chief  component  pert. 
Soanding-bourds,  planed.    (See  Wood  mannCActures.) 

Rio,  unshelled  or  paddy 

Rice :  classed  with  Grits. 

Rice-flour 

Rosmirin 

Raisii 


ins 


Raisin  stems 

Nnx  vomica;  classed  with  Apotheoarles'  stock. 
iDcense.    (See  Perfumes.) 
Rattans,  reeds,  &o. : 

Bamboo  and  Spanish  reed 

i  oromoii  rattans  and  reeds 

Manufactures  thereof  that  cuinot  be  classed  with  basket  work. 

When  coming  as  base-layers  for  a  ship's  cargo 

Roots: 

Edible.  n.e.s 

For  druggists'  use;  classed  with  Apothecaries*  stock. 
Sabers  and  saber-blades ;  classed  with  Iron  manufactures. 

Saddlery,  n.e.  8,  all  kinds 

Morocco ;  classed  witU  Hides  and  skins. 

8affh>n 


S.tKO;  classed  with  Grits. 

Snlep  root ■ 

Ssilmiac 


S  iltpeter,  raw  or  refined;  also  Chilian  saltpeter,  or  nitrate  of  soda. 

Nitric  acid  and  aquafortis 

8It8,  raw  or  refined,  all  kinds,  n.e.s 


Datiable 
unit. 


IkUog. 


IkOog. 
IkUog. 


I  kilog. 
Ikilog. 


1  kilog. 

1  kilog. 

IkUog. 

Ikilog. 

Ikilog 

IkUog 


Ikilog. 
IkUog. 

Ikilog. 
Ikilog. 

Ikilog. 
1  kilog. 

Ikilog. 
1  kilog . 


Ikilog. 


Ikilog 


1  kUog. 
Ikilog. 
Ikilog. 


Ikilog. 
Ikilog 


Doty. 


£>.  Irt. 


Pree. 

Free. 
.20 
7.00 
.85 
.10 
.25 
.25 


.07 
.12 

.14 
.19 

.24 
.47 

2.00 
.50 


Free. 
Free. 


.85 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


.25 


Free. 


.14 
.02 
.35 


Free. 
Free. 


.60 
&00 


Free. 
Free. 
Free, 
Free. 
Free. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


23 


The  tariff  of  JSwedeH^ContiDued, 


Aitides. 


Bjdroelilorio  add. 
8uftd 


€!■■>> d  with  Onms.  not  specified. 
;  eUsMd  with  Apothecaries'  stock. 

For  Uilon*  and  gardeners*  use.  shearing-scissors ;  also  shears  for  clipping 
plates  or  sheet-metal ;  to  be  daased  with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools, 
not  specified. 

Other  kinds : 

Unpolished 

PoHshed 

Shellac ;  to  be  dasaed  with  Gams. 

Sails ;  daty  to  be  assessed  according  to  the  material  of  which  they  are  made. 

Sared  from  stranded  or  wrecked  foreign  vessels.    (See  Ship  fittings.) 
Sail-dnck.    (See  Textile  mannfactores.) 
Sail  thread.    (See  Yams.) 
Mnstard: 

Wholo 

Ground  or  prepared 

Senaa  leaves;  cla«tied  with  Apothecaries'  stock. 

Shawls,  neck-cloths,  and  fichos ;  to  be  classed  with  Textile  manufaotares. 

Siftoddy 

SleTesand  ooUandera 

Straining  ch>th : 

Compoeed  of  more  than  one  metal.    (See  Metals,  worked.) 

Of  iron  or  steeL    (See  Iron  manufactures.) 

Of  copper.    (See  Copper,  completed  manofactores  ofl) 

Of  other  materiaL    (See  Textile  mnnafactares  ) 
saver : 

Unworked 

"Worked ;  plain  or  gilded 

Silrer  leaf  (foil)  genuine  or  imitation 

In  the  shape  of  dust  or  powder  for  painters'  use 

SOk,  raw: 

tJocolored 

Colored 

Simps,  all  kinds 

Seacbarta.    (See  Maps.) 

Shave-grass 

Boots  and  aboes : 

Of sUk 

Of  cloth,  morocco,  Cordova  leather,  colored,  pressed  or  printed  leather 

Pitch-sew«d  boots  and  s.  c  **  seaboots  " 

W  ith  wooden  soles 

AH  other  kinds 

Feh  i»hoes : 

With  leather  soles ;  to  be  classed  with  Boots  and  shoes,  all  other  kinds. 

Without  leather  soles ;  to  be  classed  with  Textiles,  woolen  blankets  and 
covers. 
Writing  UbleU : 

Set  between  covers,  wither  without  hinges,  ad  valorem 

A U  other  kinds 

Sembbing  mops;  to  be  classed  with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools,  not 

specified. 
Shovels,  spades,  and  reaping-hooks  of  iron ;  to  be  classed  with  Machinery,  im- 

plementa,  and  tools,  not  specified. 
Tortoise  shell: 

Unworked 

Worked 

Indostrial  productions  of  every  kind,  not  specially  mentioned  and  provided  for 
in  thia  tariff,  are  to  be  classed  as  manufactures  of  the  material  wnich  is  their 
chief  component  part,  or  in  case  the  chief  component  part  cannot  be  deter- 
mined, then  od  valorem 

£mery 


Dutiable 
unit. 


Ikilog. 
Ikilog. 


Ikilog. 
1  kUog. 


Emery  cloth ;  to  be  classed  with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools,  not  specified. 

BoQge  powders  and  rooging-cloths 

Butter 

Cabinet-makera'  productions.    (See  Wood  manufactures.) 

fiaufC.    (See  Tobacco.) 

Snails.    (See  Natural  cnritMiities.) 

Lscinn  and  cords.    (See  Military  haberdashery  or  passementerie.) 

When  made  out  of  gat     (See  Strings.) 
Paaseroenteri«,  such  as  fringes,  galloons,  aiguilletes,  lacings,  cords,  n.  e.  s. : 

Of  silk  or  half  silk 

AH  other  kinds,  therein  included  articles  partly  of  silk,  of  which  caoutchouc, 
India  rubber,  or  similar  substances  are  a  component  part 

KoTK. — No  deau<;tion  for  paper-wrapping  or  paper-inlaying. 
Sugar : 

Refined ;  all  kinda,  such  aa  loaf-sugar,  rock  candy,  crushed  or  powdered  sugar 


Ikilog, 


Duty. 


Kr.  drs. 

Free. 

Free. 


.80 


.07 
.80 


Free. 


IkUog 


Ikilog. 
IkUog. 


1  kilog 
Ikilog 


IkUog. 


100  kroner. 


Ikilog... 


100  kroner 


IkUog... 
Ikilog.. 

Ikilog.. 


Free. 

7.00 
Free. 
Free. 

Free. 
.94 
.10 

Free. 

2.40 
1.40 

Free. 

Free. 
.04 


10.00 
Free. 


Free. 
5.00 


10.00 
Free. 

Free. 
Free. 


8.60 
LIO 

.88 


24 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


The  tariff  of  Sweden — Continaed. 


Artioles. 


Sugar— Continaed. 
Baw: 

a  When  not  darker  in  color  than  Ko.  18  Dutch  atandard,  of  which  normal 
aamplea  ahall  be  snpplied  to  each  coatom-hoaae  by  the  general  cna- 

toms  department  

b  When  darker  than  the  above-named  standard ;  alao,  if  the  sogar  arrives 

in  a  dissolved  or  liquid  atato 

NOTK.— Any  package  found  to  contain  different  grades  of  sugar,  subject 
to  different  duties,  will  be  considered  as  if  it  contained  the  hignest 
duty  bearing  grade  and  will  be  assessed  accordingly. 

Carbonate  of  soda  andcanstic  soda 

Sauces  and  soyer;  weight  of  bottles  included 

Fans •. 

Grain  and  breadstuffs;  all  kinds,  ground  ornngronnd* 

Spanish  flies ;  classed  with  Apothecaries'  stock. 
Verdigris ;  classed  witii  Colors  and  dye-stuflb. 

Mirrors  and  sconces 

Playing-cards 

Laces  and  blondes : 

Silk  laces,  with  or  without  admixture  of  another  material 

All  other  kinds 

Note.— No  deduction  for  weight  of  paper  wrapping  or  inlaying. 

Fire-engines,  with  belongings,  aa  valorem 

Lard 

Stocks  with  buckles  and  other  stiff  neck-cloths ;  to  be  classed  with  Clothing. 
Stearine 


Stone,  all  kinds,  worked  or  unworked,  n.  e  s  

Coal,  broken  or  whole ;  also,  coke,  or  desulphurized  coal    

Articles  of  Jet,  unset  or  set  in  any  other  material  than  gold  or  silver,  are  to  be 
classetl  with  Jewelry  goods.    Set  in  gold  or  silver;  to  be  weighed  with  and 
pay  same  duty  as  the  setting, 
yoaltar. 


Dust  or  powder,  colored  or  uucolored,  for  use  in  the  manufactare  of  wall-papers 

Storax 

Stockings  and  other  hand  or  machine  knit  ai  tides,  n.  o.  s. : 

Of  silk  or  half  silk 

All  other  kinds    

Knitting  needles  

Strings : 

Of  metal    

Of  any  other  material 

Stucco  articles ;  to  be  classed  with  Stone. 

Steel,  all  kinds 

Steel  manufkctnres,  n.  e.  s. ;  to  be  classed  with  Iron  manufactures. 

Starch,  of  wheat,  potatoes,  or  ot  her  vegetable  substances  

Sulphur,  all  kinds 

Flowers  of  sulphur 

Sulphuric  acid .- 

Mushrooms,  all  kinds  not  otherwise  provided  for 

Sewing  machines ;  to  be  daased  with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools,  not  speci- 
fied. 
Saws,  saw  blades,  and  saw  materials  (nntoothed  saws) ;  to  be  classed  with  Ma- 

coinery,  implements,  and  tools  not  specified. 
Soft  soap 


Sacks 

New,  empty ;  classed  with  the  material  of  which  they  are  made. 

Showing  previous  use 

Bedding  is  to  pay  the  duty  provided  for  the  textile  material  of  which  its  outer 
covering  consists. 
When  stufl'ed  with  horse-hair  or  any  other  dutiable  substance,  but  covered 
with  a  material  free  of  duty,  it  is  to  be  classed  with  Industrial  productions 
of  every  kind,  not  specially  mentioned  in  this  tariff. 
When  belonging  to  travelers  or  seafaring  men,  when  showing  evident 
marks  of  previous  use,  or  when  carried  by  the  owner  and  Judged  not  to 

exceed  his  personal  needs  

Picture-frames;  to  be  classed  with  manufactures  of  the  material  which  is  their 
chief  component  part,  without  deduction  for  weight  of  pictures,  glass,  &c. 
Photograph -frames,  of  pasteboard  or  of  pasteboard  and  glass.    (See  Paste- 
board manufactures  ) 
Made  of  bronzed  pasteboard.    (See  Past  eboard  manufactures.  Japanned  ) 
Note. — When  picture-frames  under  the  above  provision  are  to  pay  duty  ad 
valorem,  the  picture  or  drawing  therein  framed  is  to  be  excluded  from  the 
valuation. 
Substitutes  for  horse-hair,  and  moss  prepared  as  a  stuffing  material ;  to  be  classed 

with  Grasses,  n.  e.  s. 
Tallow 


Tamarinds 

Tooth-powder;  classed  with  Merchandise,  manufactured,  not  provided  for. 
Bricks  and  roof-tiles,  all  kinds 


Dutiable 
unit. 


Ikilog... 
Ikilog... 


1  kilog 
Ikilog 


1  kUog.... 
1  pack 

1  kilog 

I  kilog  .. 

100  kroner 


Ikilog... 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 
IkUog 

1  kilog 
1  kilog 


IkUog. 


1  kUog  .. 


IkUog. 


Ikilog. 


Doty. 


Kr.^ke. 

.83 

.28.5 


Free. 
.80 
L20 
Free. 


.24 
.10 

3.50 
2.30 

5.00 
FrCw*. 


.00 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


8.50 

2.20 

.24 


.24 
1.20 


Free. 


.14 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


40 


.07 


Froe. 


Fro6. 


Free. 


.10 


Free. 


*  See  §  5,  appended  Instmctiona. 


TABIFFS   OF  THE  SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


25 


Th€  tariff  of  Sweden — Continued. 


ArtidM. 


•todsorBAUa. 


Tta; 

Unworked.  also  worked,  if  old  or  broken  .. 
Worked  new : 

Gilded,  silvered,  l«oqaered,  or  painted. 

All  other  kinda 

Tin  and  lead  aahea 

Tin  aalU  and  cbloridee  of  tin 

Turpentine,  native  or  raw    

Turpentine  oil  or  apirita  of  turpentine 

Tea  


JTr.ar*. 
.35 


1  kilog. 
Ikilog. 


Kewapapers  and  reviewa 

Tar  and  tar-water  (the  latter  ia  a  residual  product  of  tar,  need  in  tanning) 
Tobacco: 

Unmanafiictared ;  leaf  or  sterna 

liana  factnred : 

CLzaraand  cigarettes 

AHotberkiods    

Clay  pipes  and  noroolain  pipes.    (See  Pipe-bowls.) 

Trun-oll,  of  sll  Kinds  (inclndes  flsh-oils) 

Tripoli 


TnifBee,  w eight  of  glass  or  Jar  included 

Wire: 

Gold  and  silver  wire 

Iron  and  steel  wire 

Articles  luado  of  iron  and  steel  wire ;  to  be  classed  with  "  All  other  factory 

or  haml-tnaile  iron  goods." 
CopTMrr  wire  or  wire  of  any  other  metal  not  here  mentioDed : 

when  eilded.  nilvere^  or  plated 

All  other  kinds 

Iron,  copper,  brass,  and  steel  wire  for  musical  instinments.    (See  Strings.) 
Metal  wire,  woven  over  or  covered  with  silk  or  yam.    (See  Bonnet-frames 
and  siraib&r  wire  and  tape  frames.) 
Thxead*  and  twines: 

Of  cotton,  all  kinds  

Of  linen,  unbleacbe<l 

Of  linen,  bleached  or  colored 

Of  Mlk.  cotton,  or  linen,  when  covered  with  gold,  silver,  or  any  other  metal; 
to  1m'  claKsed  with  Military  haberdashery. 

Trees,  all  kinds  

Timber  and  lambor: 

Rough  timber,  all  kinds 

Hoop-  poles 

Beams  and  rafters,  all  kinds    

Boards  and  planks,  sawn,  all  kinds 

Juniper  boards  and  st  aves 

Gnn-stocks,  in  the  rough 

Handspikes,  finished  and  in  the  rough 

Moldings  and  laths,  all  kinds 

Masts,  booma  and  spars;  also  hollowed   

Logs  for  pnmps 

Scantling,  all  kinds 

Staves  and  barrel-heads,  all  kinds 

Hoops    

Fire-wood,  all  kinds ,  — 

Oars  in  the  rough 

Wood  mannfaetores : 
Veneers  of  7  millimeters  or  less  in  thickness  pav  half  the  duty  imposed  upon 
cabinet-makers'  work  of  the  same  wood.    Thin  boards,  intended  for  the 
manufacture  of  cigar-boxea,  if  within  the  above-mentioned  dimensions,  are 
to  be  classed  aa  Veneers. 

LaminA  of  ebony  for  piano  kevs   

Tnmeia'  work,  n.  e.  s.,  with  or  without  staining,  painting,  or  Japanning: 

When  articles  weigh  less  than  one  kilogram  apiece 

When  articles  weigh  1  kilogram  orover  each ;  to  be  classed  with  Cabinet- 
makers' work. 
Wooden  articles  in  a  more  or  less  advanced  stage  of  manufacture,  n.  e.  s., 
therein  included  cabinet-makers'  and  chair-makers'  work: 

Of  fir  or  spruce,  with  or  without  paint,  staining,  or  japanning 

Of  elm,  aslu  birch,  beech,  oak,  walnut,  and  other  domestic  woods,  with 
or  without  paint,  staiuing,  or  Japanning,  or  with  veneering  of  above- 
mentioned  woods    ..   

Of  mahogany,  jackwoo<l,  or  any  other  exotic  wood,  massive  or  only  with 

veneers  thereof ;  also  cabinet-work,  gilt  or  imitation  gilt 

KoTB.— Wood  manufactures  composea  of  several  kinds  of  woods  pay 

duty  as  if  entirely  made  of  the  kind  paying  the  highest  duty. 
Furniture  when  already  stuffed,  but  not  covered,  pays  duty  under  the 
above  provisions,  without  addition.    Furniture  when  stuffed  and  cov- 
ered pays  duty  under  the  above  provisions  with  the  adiiition  of  20 
percent. 


Ikilog 
Ikilog 


1  kUog. 

1  kilog. 
1  kUog 


1  kilog. 
Ikilog 


1  kilog. 


I  kilog  . 
Ikilog.. 
1  kilog.. 


.70 

.35 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

.07 

1.40 

Free. 

Free. 

1.00 

3.00 

1.20 

Free. 
Free. 
.30 

2.40 
Free. 


2.40 
Free. 


.47 
.47 
.70 


1  kOog. 


1  kilog... 

1  kilog.. 
Ikilog... 


Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


.00 
.03 

.or 

.12 


26 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES 


Tke  tariff  of  iSitwdeii— Continned. 


Artletos. 


Foot-mlM.    (See  iDstnunenta,  iodiwtrUl.) 

HeaTy-spar  (salph  of  baryU).    Unerouiid;  to  be  cliMfid  with  Stone. 

Groand ;  claned  with  Colon  and  dye-atnflik 
India  ink;  clasaed  with  Colon  and  dye-atoffa. 
SoapM: 

Ferf omed  soapa 

All  other  kinda 

Soapwort 

Cordage,  new 

Artificial  teeth ;  claaaed  with  Merchandiae.  manafaeloied,  not  mentioiied  is  tliia 

tariff. 
Hatches,  made  of  wood  or  of  other  material ;  alao  tinder,  weight  of  boxea  or 

wrapping  immediately  sorronnding  them  to  be  included 

Wool,  all  kinds  

Watcheii  and  clocks : 

Watches,  with  gold  case 

Watches,  with  case  of  any  other  material 

Watch-case^  separate,  are  to  be  classed  with  manafactares  of  the  snbetanoe 
of  which  they  are  made. 

Shins'  chronometers 

Wall  and  mantle-piece  clocks  in  cases : 

Of  bronze  or  other  metal ;  also  of  alabaster  or  porcelain 

Of  wood  or  other  material  

Clock-ras<*s,  separate,  clock-weights ;  also  steeple^locks  and  parts  thereof 
pay  same  daty  as  the  manufactures  of  the  material  of  which  such  articles 
are  composed.    ■ 

Unmotmted  watch  or  clock  works,  or  parts  of  docks  and  watchea,  n.  e.  s 

Watch-glasses.    (See  Glaaa.) 
Wadding  : 

Of sUk 

All  other  kinds 

Carriages  and  Tehicleii,  including  railway  can: 

Carts  and  trucks,  for  hauling < 

Two-wheeled  carriages  and  sleighs 

Four-wheeled: 
Gigs 


I>otlable 
nnit^ 


Ikikig. 
Ikilog 


GiKB,  half  topped 
"    ids  .. 


All  other  kin< 

NoTR. — If  any  doubt  anbes  as  to  the  class  in  which  a  carriage  properly 
belongs,  such  carriage  is  to  pay  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  total  duty 
however  not  in  any  case  to  exceed  100  kroner. 
Carriage-makei-s'  productions,  n.  e.  8.,are  to  be  classed  with  industrial  produc- 
tions of  every  kind  not  specially  mentioned  in  this  tariff. 
Vanilla 


1  piece. 
1  piece. 


1  piece. 

1  kUog. 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 


1  kUog. 
Ikilog. 

1  piece. 
1  piece 

1  piece. 
1  piece. 
I  piece. 


I>it^. 


Kt,  ora* 


Free. 
Free. 


,M 

12 


Free. 


,06 


1.00 
.50 


LOO 

.70 
.50 


L80 


8.60 
.24 

5.00 
15.00 

2&00 

50.00 

100.00 


Mittens: 

Silk  or  half  silk 

All  other  kinds 

When  covered  with  leather  or  fur ;  to  be  classed  with  Gloves. 

Mineral  waters " 

Water  glRfls  or  a  solution  of  silicic  acid  in  kalium  or  natron,  ad  valorem 

Wax.  all  kinds 

Wax-works ;  classed  Nierchandiso,  manufaotui'ed,  not  specified. 

WicKS,  for  lamps  or  candles 

NOTB. — No  deduction  for  weight  of  boxes  or  paper  wrapping. 
Tools,  or  parts  thereof,  n.  e.  s. ;  classed  with  Machinery,  unpiementa,  and  tools 

not  specified. 
Tool-chests  for  children,  containing  tools  that  cannot  be  used  for  work ;  to  be 

classed  with  Toys. 
Wines,  all  kinds: 

Containing  21  per  cent,  or  less  of  alcohol: 

In  barrels 

In  bottles 

Containing  from  over  21  per  cent,  to  25  per  cent,  of  pare  alcohol: 

In  barrels 

In  bottles 

Contaiuing  more  than  25  per  cent  alcohol;  to  be  classed  with  Liqaenra. 

Wino-lees 

Grapes,  fresh 

Cream  of  tartar : 

lUw  or  rettucd 

In  crystals  

Tartaric  acid ;  to  be  classed  with  Chemico-technioal  preparationa. 

Orris  root 

Orris  sirup;  to  be  classed  with  Sirups. 

Visiting  and  business  cards 

Bismntn    

Vitriol,  all  kinds  

Oil  or  sprits  of  vitriol.    (See  Sulphnrio  add.) 
Textile  manufactures : 
Of  pure  silk : 

velvet  Mid  plush 


1  kUog. 

1  kilog. 
Ikilog 


100  kroner. 
Ikilog.... 


13.00 
3.60 

Lao 

Free. 

5.00 
Free. 

1.00 


1  kUog. 
lliter.. 


1&5 
.21 


1  kilog. 
lliter.. 


.45 
.80 


Ikilog 
Ikilog. 


Ikilog — 


Free. 
Free. 

Free. 
Free. 

Free. 


.20 
.80 


Free. 


2.40 


TABIFFS    OF  THE   SEVEBAL   COUNTBIES. 


2r 


The  tariff  of  Sweden — Continned. 


Artioks. 


Tcztfl*  aMattfactaw 
Of  poreaOk: 

Otlier  kinds,  therein  indaded  gold  and  dlyer  dotfh 

Kon  — VeWet  of  which  the  nap  ia  silk  and  the  hack  la  cotton,  la  to  pay 
daty  under  laat  aeetion. 
Half-ailk: 

Yel vet  and  plaah .  aim)  mga 

Other  kind  of  half-silk  textures 

Of  cotton: 

Bookbinders' cloth 

YelToteen  and  plnsh,  alaomgsand  fostian 

Gsute,  linings,  moslins,  organdies,  andbatiate 

Sail-dock 

Tnlle 

All  other  kinds  of  cotton  textures : 

If  unbleached  and  nndyed 

If  bleached  or  dyed 

If  printed  or  embossed  

With  unaUer  or  greater  admixture  of  linen,  hemp,  or  Jute: 

Bedtick 

Damask  and  diaper   

Carpet  stuffis 

Other  kinds ;  to  be  classed  with  similar  fabrics  compoeed  solely  of  cotton. 
Of  wool: 

Of  pure  wool  or  with  smaller  or  greater  admixture  of  cotton,  linen,  or 
any  other  textile  except  silk : 

Feltings  and  car]>ets 

Machine-feltinE,  specially  made  for  the  purpose;  classed  with  Ma- 
chinery, implements,  and  tools  not  specified. 

Cloth  for  steam-packing 

All  oUier  kinds  of  woolen  text ures 

Of  flax  or  hemp,  with  or  without  admixture  of  lute : 

Gunny -cloth,  sack-cloth,  canvaM,  and  saddle-girth  webbing 

Bed-tick  ...-. 

Batisti*,  gauEC,  cambrics,  lawns,  damask,  and  ''linens"  of  all  kinds 

Csrpetings,  even  if  any  other  textile  specified  in  this  tariff  is  a  component 

part  thereof 

Cloth  for  steam-packing 

Sail  and  tent  duck 

All  other  kinds,  diaper  included 

Of  jute: 

Unbleached  and  undyed  sack  and  baling  cloth 

All  other  kinds    

Of  mohair  or  horse-hair: 

Cow-hair  felt     

All  other  kinds  

Waxed  or  enameled : 

Oil-cloth  carpeting 

All  other  kinda 

Waterproof  textures,  permeated  with  a  solution  of  caoutchouc,  India  rubber, 

Ac 

Elastic  webbing,  containing  fibers  of  caoutchouc  or  similar  substances ;  to  be 
classed  with  Uibbons,  another  kinds. 
Swords  and  sword-blades.    (See  Iron.) 

Grafting  wax 

Axes ;  to  bo  classed  with  Machinery,  implements,  and  tools  not  specified. 
Zinc: 

Unworkedor  in  plates  

Sheets  and  nails  for  ships'  bottoms 

Manufactures  of: 

Unpainted  and  onjapanned 

Painted  or  japanned    

Gilded,  silvered,  or  plated    

Zinc-blende — 

Zit ver  root  (root  of  Curcuma  ledouaria) 

Steam-engines  and  steam-boilers 

E^egs 

Vinegar  and  acetic  acid,  all  kinds: 

When  containing  10  percent,  of  acid  or  less 

For  every  1  per  cent,  increase  beyond  10  per  cent,  of  acid,  the  duty  is  to 
be  increased  two  ore  per  kilogram. 
Ale.    (See  Malt  liquors.) 

Merchandise  not  mentioned  in  this  tAi-iff,  and  which  cannot  be  classed  in  any  of 
the  categuries  created  by  its  provisions : 

If  a  raw  product 

If  manufactured  or  more  or  less  worked,  ad  valorem • 


Dutiable 
unit. 


1  kilog. 


1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 

1  kOog. 
1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 
1  kUog. 

1  kUog. 
1  kUog 
1  kUog. 

1  kUog. 
1  kilog 
1  kilog. 


1  kilog 


1  kilog. 
1  kUog. 

1  kilog 
1  kilog. 
1  kilog 

1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 
1  kilog. 


1  kUog 


Unit. 


1  kilog. 

1  kilog. 
1  kUog. 

1  kilog 


1  kilog  .. 
1  kilog... 
1  kUog  .. 


8.50 


2.40 
2.40 

.50 
.94 

1.76 
.14 

2  90 

.58 

.94 

1.18 

.94 

1.20 

.40 


.60 


.24 

1.76 

.35 

.94 

1.76 

.40 

.24 

.19 

1.50 


Free. 


40 


Free. 


.60 

.24 
.60 

1.76 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


.07 
.35 
.70 


1  kilog.... 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


.20 


Free. 
100  kroner.         10. 00 


XOTK.— The  word  '•  polished,"  when  used  in  this  tariff  in  connection  with  iron  articles  or  other  metal 
war««,  is  to  be  understood  as  meaning  that  such  articles  have  sufficient  finish  not  to  show  any  traces  of 
filing. 


28  TABIFF8  OF  THE   SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


NORWAY. 
TABIFF  OF  HORWAT. 

[Translated  and  forwarded  by  Consal  Gade,  of  ChriBtiania.] 

Boyal  proclamatum  concerning  custom-house  duties  from  July  1, 1881, /or 

the  Kingdom  of  Norway. 

We,  Oscan  by  the  grace  of  God  King  of  Norway  and  Sweden,  of  the 
Goths  and  Vandals,  make  known : 

Whereas  the  Storthing  on  the  13th  and  14th  June  of  this  year  has 
decreed  as  follows : 

§  1.  From  the  1st  of  July,  1881,  the  following  duties  on  goods  and 
vessels  shall  be  paid  to  the  treasury:  (a)  import  duties;  (b)  storage 
duties;  (c)  export  duties;  (^7)  tonnage  and  light-house  duties. 

§  2.  Import  duties,  calculated  in  accortlauce  witli  the  annexed  tariff 
A,  shall  be  collected  on  foreign  goods  imported  for  consumption  in  this 
country,  whether  the  imi>ortation  be  at  priv^ate  or  public  expense,  as 
well  as  on  all  domestic  goods  which  on  export  to  foreign  countries  re- 
ceive a  drawback  from  the  treasury  on  duties  already  collected. 

Besides  such  goods  as  by  special  license  or  jiermission  have  been  or 
hereafter  may  be  imported  free  of  duty,  the  following  articles  i>hall  be 
exempt  from  duties : 

(a)  Ship's  inv^entory,  including  cabin,  galley,  and  similar  inventories, 
in  so  far  as  their  quality  and  quantity  may  be  considered  suitable,  and 
they  are  to  remain  for  use  on  the  vessel  on  which  they  were  imported 
from  ioreign  countries.  That  these  inventories  have  been  exported 
from  th6  country  as  transit  goods  in  the  same  vessel  in  which  they  were 
found  on  its  return  to  have  been  used  does  not  make  them  liable  to 
duty. 

(b)  Similar  inventories  which  have  come  ashore  loose  or  from  vessels 
wrecked  on  the  Norwegian  coasts.  Further  inv^entories  which  have  be- 
longed to  Norwegian  vessels,  which  have  been  wrecked  or  legally  con- 
demned as  unseaworthy  in  foreign  countries,  after  the  requisite  vouch- 
ers have  been  approved  by  the  treasury  department. 

(c)  Ship  provisions  and  other  ship  stores,  brought  in  ships  from  for- 
eign countries  and  remaining  on  board,  provided  they  do  not  exceed 
what  custom  officers  consider  warranted  by  the  size  of  the  vessel,  its 
crew  and  passengers,  and  the  time  it  remains  in  port  of  arrival.  If  the 
goods  and  passengers  it  carries  are  destined  for  different  places?  in  the 
country,  their  consumption  free  of  duty  may  continue  until  the  vessel 
arrives  at  the  place  of  final  delivery  for  the  goods  and  passengers 
brought  from  abroad,  as  well  as  during  its  stay  there.  If  the  vessel 
later  clears  for  foreign  countries,  or  goes  to  another  place  in  the  country 
without  taking  goods  on  board,  the  residue  of  provisions  and  other  ship 
stores  may  remain  on  board  for  use  without  payment  of  duty,  provided 
they  do  not  exceed  what  the  custom-house  officers  deem  justified  by  the 
length  of  the  proposed  journey  and  other  circumstances.  But  if  the 
vessel  goes  to  another  inland  port,  after  taking  in  goods  for  home  ports, 
duty  must  be  paid  on  the  residue,  provided  it  cannot  be  considered 
trifling.    The  same  holds  good  when  the  crew  is  paid  off,  provided  the 

Mdne  be  not  put  under  lock  and  seal  of  the  custom-house. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  29 

In  regard  to  ship  provisions  on  steamers  plying  between  foreign  and 
domestic  ports,  the  rules  here  given  are  to  be  applied  with  such  retsric- 
tions  as  the  treasury  department  may  find  necessary  to  prevent  possible 
abuses. 

Cofifee,  tea,  sugar,  and  sirup  which  are  exported  from  the  deposit 
stores  may  be  delivered  exempt  of  duty  for  use  on  board  vessels  des- 
tined to  foreign  countries,  or  for  whale,  walrus,  or  seal  fisheries  in  the 
South  Sea  or  in  the  Arctic  Sea,  as  soon  as  the  ship  has  cleared  or  the 
crew  has  been  shipped,  provided  the  custom  officers  find  that  the  quan- 
tity of  these  provisions,  clothing,  and  other  traveling  effects  which  have 
belonged  to  Norwegians  deceased  in  foreign  countries  are  also  admitted 
free  of  duty  when  they  bear  traces  of  having  been  used. 

(d)  Clothing  and  other  traveling  requisites  belonging  to  passengers, 
in  so  far  as  the  custom  officers  may  deem  that  their  quality  and  quantity 
indicate  that  they  are  imported  for  personal  use.  When  such  effects 
are  not  brought  by  the  passengers  themselves,  they,  are  only  admitted 
exempt  of  duty  when  the  custom  officers  judge  that  they  are  not  only 
imi>orted  for  personal  use,  but  also  bear  traces  of  having  been  used. 

(a)  Implements,  carriages,  riding  equipments,  household  utensils, 
furniture,  and  similar  articles,  when  they  bear  traces  of  having  been 
used,  and  they  are  imported  for  the  account  and  use  of  persons  who 
have  resided  abroad  at  least  one  year,  and  there  have  owned  and  used 
them.  Furthermore,  articles  which  may  by  inheritance  have  become 
the  property  of  any  one  residing  in  this  country,  provided  they  bear 
traces  of  having  been  used. 

(/)  Samples,  provided  they  do  not  appear  destined  for  sale. 

(g)  Packing  envelopes,  containing  goods,  and  which  evidently  appear 
of  ordinary  description.  That  material  which  is  imported  as  dunnage  in 
vessels  is  considered  as  envelopes,  does  not  exceed  what  may  be  con- 
sidered requisite,  and  on  the  condition  that  the  master  give  a  written 
declaration  on  trust  that  the  goods  are  destined  for  the  consumption  of 
the  crew  and  passengers,  and  shall  not  be  smuggled  into  the  country 
with  his  consent.  * 

When  the  crew  stays  on  shore  while  a  vessel  is  undergoing  repairs, 
so  much  of  the  provisions  brought  from  foreign  countries  may  be  de- 
livered free  of  duty  as  the  custom-officers  may  seem  requisite  for  the 
use  of  the  crew. 

§3.  Damaged  dutiable  merchandise,  provided  it  be  proved,  in  the 
Judgment  of  the  custom-officers  or  in  some  other  manner  that  during 
the  voyage,  that  is,  after  it  has  been  loaded  on  the  vessel  and  before 
it  has  been  brought  ashore,  to  have  been  damaged  so  as  to  have  de- 
teriorated in  value  one-ijnarter  part  or  more,  pays  a  duty  of  10  per  cent, 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  auction,  when  sold  at  auction  without  having 
previously  paid  duty,  and  of  9  per  cent,  when  sold  after  having  paid 
duty.  In  both  cases  the  fee  and  other  expenses  which  the  purchaser 
is  bound  to  pay  besides  the  auction  bid  are  added  to  the  proceeds  of 
the  auction. 

Import  duty  will,  however,  be  levied  on  the  following  articles  at  rates 
given  below: 

Percent 

Co£fee,  duty  paid 20 

Coffee,  duty  unpaid 25 

Halt  and  sugar,  duty  paid 40 

Malt  and  Busar,  duty  unpaid 67 

Tobacco  in  leaf^  and  stems,  duty  paid 50 

Tobacco  in  leaf,  and  stems,  duty  unpaid 100 

These  rules  are  not  applicable  to  brandy. 


i 


30  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Id  auy  case  it  depends  on  the  owner  or  his  agent,  if  be  should  prefer 
it,  to  pay  the  duty  according  to  the  ordinary  rules. 

§  4.  When  a  merchandise  is  composed  of  parts  subject  to  different 
rates  of  duty,  and  it  cannot  be  referred  to  any  of  the  articles  enumer- 
ated in  the  tariff  of  import  duties,  the  person  paying  duty  is  at  liberty 
to  separate  the  parts  and  pay  duty  on  them  separately.  But  if  such 
a  separation  cannot  take  place,  or  is  not  the  wish  of  the  person  paying 
duty,  the  merchandise  may  be  assessed  according  to  the  rule  above 
mentioned,  where  the  various  parts  are  charged  according  to  weight,  • 
and  the  custom-house  officers  judge  themselves  able  to  estimate  their 
weight  with  sufficient  exactitude.  If  none  of  the  conditions  exist  for 
the  separate  assessment  of  the  different  parts,  the  merchandise  is 
charged  according  to  the  part  of  which  it  principally  consists;  and 
where  this  cannot  be  decided  by  the  custom-house,  a  duty  of  10  per 
cent,  is  levied  on  the  merchandise. 

Objects  which  only  serve  to  fasten  or  hold  together  the  several  parts 
of  a  whole,  as  nails,  hinges,  mountings,  locks,  &c.,  are  not  to  be  taken 
into  consideration,  but  the  goods  are  referred  to  that  number  of  the 
tariff  to  which  they  would  belong  without  these  accessories.  The  same 
rule  is  also  applicable  to  small  ornaments. 

The  rules  above  given  do  not  apply  to  goods  classed  under  cotton, 
linen,  silk,  and  wool. 

§  5«  When  goods  are  to  be  charged  according  to  weight,  their  net 
weight  is  hereby  understood  (the  weight  of  the  goods  themselves,  with- 
out any  cover  or  packing)  unless  otherwise  prescribed  in  the  tariff. 

The  net  weight  is  generally  determined  by  weighing  the  merchandise 
together  with  the  envelope  in  which  it  was  imported,  and  then  deduct- 
ing the  tare  prescribed  for  the  merchandise  at  its  number  in  the  tariff. 
Should  no  tare  be  psescribed,  the  following  rule  is  to  be  adopted : 

Percent. 

For  casks  and  boxes 12 

For  bottles,  glasses,  flasks,  Jars,  with  or  without  casing 30 

For  covers  of  metal 20 

For  bast,  straw,  rushes,  &c 3 

For  bags  and  other  packings  of  linen  or  burlap,  single 2 

For  bags  and  other  packings  of  linen  or  burlap,  double 3 

Should  casks  or  boxes  have  covers  of  linen,  matting,  or  anything 
similar,  3  per  cent,  of  the  gross  weight  is  to  be  added  to  the  tare  pre- 
scribed for  such  packings  without  covers,  and  the  total  tare  is  to  be  de- . 
ducted  from  the  gross  freight.  If  goods  are  imported  in  an  extra  cov- 
ering of  a  cask  or  box  outside  the  usual  packing,  the  tare  for  which  has 
been  prescribed  in  the  foregoing  rules  or  in  the  annexed  tariff,  the  outer 
covering  may  be  removed  before  weighing.  In  other  cases,  when  the 
merchandise  is  weighed  with  the  covering,  no  part  of  this  must  be  ex- 
empted from  weighing,  whether  tare  for  the  covering  is  to  be  allowed 
or  not. 

Ket  weighing  shall  take  place — 

1.  When  no  tare  rule  is  to  be  found  either  in  the  annexed  tariff'  or  in 
the  above-given  provisions. 

2.  Whenever  the  custom-house  officers  find  it  necessary  to  remove  the 
packing  to  examine  the  goods,  or  regard  the  packing  as  unusual. 

3.  When  the  person  paying  duty  is  dissatisfied  with  tare  prescribed 
in  the  annexed  tariff  or  in  the  provisions  above  given  5  is  the  net  weight 
ascertained  in  such  a  case,  it  shall  not  be  allowed  to  calculate  it  by  de- 
ducting the  tare  prescribed  from  the  gross  weight.  When  no  tare  is 
prescribed  for  the  merchandise  or  the  packing,  and  an  investigation  of 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  31 

fhe  tare  is  impossible  because  the  merchandise  cannot  be  separated 
from  its  packing  at  the  cnstom-house  examination,  the  tare  usual  in 
trade  is  allowed,  or,  where  that  is  not  known,  what  the  customs  officers 
may  find  proper.  No  allowance  can  be  made  for  any  increase  in  weight 
or  measure  caused  by  accidental  and  unusual  moisture,  but  if  these 
goods  have  been  saturated  with  water  by  accident  at  sea  or  other 
causes,  the  weight  or  measure  is  to  be  estimated  by  goods  of  the  same 
kind  in  dry  condition. 

§  6.  Storage  tax  shall  be  paid  on  goods  deposited  in  the  customs  ware- 
bouses  if  they  remain  in  the  same  port  of  entry  more  than  fifteen  days, 
reckoned  from  the  day  the  vessel  has  commenced  to  unload,  when  the 
goods  are  imported  by  sea.  No  charge  is  made  for  goods  deposited  for 
fifteen  days  or  less.  For  every  day  more  that  the  goods  remain  in 
the  warehouses  30  ore  is  to  be  paid  per  cubic  meter,  the  packing  in- 
cluded. The  minimum  of  tax  on  goods  withdrawn  at  any  one  time  shall 
be  40  ore. 

§  7.  Duties  on  exports,  levied  in  accordance  with  the  annexed  tariff 
B,  are  paid  on  goods  exported  to  foreign  countries,  whether  the  expor- 
tation be  made  at  private  or  public  expense.  The  duty  is  paid  on  do- 
mestic as  well  as  on  foreign  goods,  but  it  is  not  so  levied  on  foreign 
goods  which  have  been  warehoused  as  goods  in  transit,  or  have  been 
under  such  custody  of  the  customhouse  that  testimony  can  be  given  on 
their  exportation  as  to  the  time  and  manner  of  their  importation.  In 
regard  to  foreign  lumber,  the  treasury  department  may  also  order  the 
control  to  be  exercised  in  any  other  manner  which  it  may  deem  satis- 
factory under  the  circumstances,  and  it  may  grant  free  entry  in  those 
cases  where  the  lumber  has  undergoue  manufacture  in  the  couutr^\ 

The  following  articles  are  exempted  from  the  prescribed  duty  on  ex- 
ports: Ships'  provisions  and  other  ship  stores  carried  by  outgoing  ves- 
sels, but  not  over  and  above  what  the  customs  officers  deem  justified 
by  the  size,  the  crew,  and  the  passengers  of  the  vessel,  as  well  as  the 
length  of  the  intended  voyage.  2.  Goods  found  or  manufactured  in  the 
province  of  Finmark,  or  there  imported  by  fishermen  in  open  boats 
which  they  use  at  the  fisheries,  when  exported  to  foreign  countries  from 
any  port  of  entry  in  the  province  of  Fiumark  or  within  three  years 
from  a  port  of  entry  in  the  province  of  Tromso. 

§  8.  Goods  picked  up  at  sea  or  in  uninhabited  districts  in  the  polar 
regions,  and  thence  directly  imported  are  considered,  on  importation, 
as  well  as  in  case  of  re-exportation,  as  domestic  goods  picked  up  at  the 
place  where  they  are  imported. 

§  9.  Vessels  carrying  merchandise  to  or  from  the  country  pay  tonnage 
and  light-house  duty  of  80  ore  per  tod,  with  the  following  modifications : 
(a)  Vessels  engaged  in  any  fisheries  in  the  open  sea  or  ofi*  the  Faroe 
Islands,  Iceland,  Greenland,  and  uninhabited  lands  in  the  Arctic  Sea^ 
are  exempted  from  this.  (6)  Vessels  plying  directly  between  Norway 
and  Sweden,  when  the  whole  cargo  is  loaded  or  unloaded  in  the  two 
countries,  respectively,  are  subject  to  a  duty  of  only  30  ore  per  ton. 
This  duty  will  be  abolished  as  soon  as  tonnage  duties  are  no  longer 
charged  in  Sweden  on  vessels  engaged  in  this  navigation,  (o)  Vessels 
coming  from  or  going  to  places  on  the  White  or  Arctic  Sea  are  subject 
to  a  duty  of  only  40  6re  per  ton. 

The  following  rules  are  also  to  be  observed  in  the  a^essment  of  the 
tax: 

(a)  The  tax  will  be  charged  on  as  many  tons  as  are  given  in  the  ves- 
sel's register,  when  the  customs  officers  regard  it  as  fully  loaded  *,  in  the 
opposite  cases^  the  tax  is  assessed  on  as  many  tons  as  loaded  or  uii- 


82  TARIFFS  OF  TUE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

loaded,  but  never  on  more  tons  than  entered  on  the  vessel's  register. 
No  tonnage  or  light-hoose  tax  is  to  be  paid  when  the  goods  loaded  or 
unloaded  at  any  portof  entry  is  less  than  one  ton.  The  necessary  rules 
for  the  valuation  of  the  goods  in  tons  will  be  given  by  the  King. 

(b)  When  a  vessel  on  the  same  voyage  recarries  goods  which  have  just 
been  imported  on  said  vessel  and  warehoused  as  goods  in  transit,  no 
tonnage  or  lighthouse  taxes  are  to  be  assessed  on  said  goods,  either  on 
the  entry  or  clearance  of  the  vessel.  The  same  rule  applies  to  such 
goods  when  re-exported  on  another  vessel,  where  the  vessel  on  which 
they  have  been  imported  is  so  damaged  as  to  be  unable  to  continue  the 
voyage.  The  same  also  applies  to  damaged  goods  sold  from  vessels  en- 
tering a  harbor  of  refuge,  when  the  sale  is  conducted  in  accordance 
with  rules  given  by  the  proper  authorities. 

(c)  In  the  assessment  of  the  tonnage  and  light-house  taxes  of  a  ves- 
sel, deduction  is  made  of  the  space  occupied  by  the  following  articles: 

1.  Ice,  sawdust,  and  stone  hewn  and  unhewn,  whether  the  stone  con- 
tains metallic  components  or  not,  on  the  export  of  these  articles. 

2.  Lumber,  whenever  an  export  duty  of  3^  ore  per  ton,  according  to 
tariffs,  is  to  be  charged. 

3.  Hay,  straw,  gypsum,  manure,  and  sand,  as  well  as  packings  in 
which  goods  have  previously  been  exi)orted  from  the  country  on  their 
reimportation. 

4.  Traveling  requisites  belonging  to  passengers,  ship  provisions,  and 
other  articles  for  use  onboard  the  vessel  during  its  proposed  voyage; 
for  instance,  coal  on  steamers,  and  fishing  implements.  Ko  compensation 
is  allowed  for  the  space  occupied  by  these  articles  when  the  vessel  is 
considered  fully  loaded. 

§  10.  Foreign  vessels  and  goods  imported  and  exported  on  them  are 
not  subject  to  other  or  higher  duties  than  Norwegian  vessels,  and  goods 
imported  or  exported  on  them,  unless  the  King  should  order  the  assess- 
ment of  higher  duties  on  the  goods  or  tonnage  of  some  foreign  nation. 

With  regard  to  duties  in  the  joint  commerce  of  Norway  and  Sweden, 
the  special  laws  on  the  subject  are  to  be  consulted. 

§  11.  When  foreign  goods  which,  in  accordance  with  special  rules, 
have  paid  no  duty,  or  a  lower  one  than  is  usual  at  certain  ports  of 
entry,  are  carried  to  other  home  porta,  an  import  duty,  or  the  difference 
between  that  paid  at  the  shipping  port  and  that  in  force  at  the  arrival 
port,  is  to  be  collected. 

If  a  product,  manufactured  from  a  foreign  merchandise  at  any  place 
in  this  country  where  it  may  enter,  either  exempt  of  duty  or  subject  to 
a  lower  rate  of  duty  than  the  usual  one,  is  carried  to  any  other  domestic 
port  where  the  merchandise  employed  in  its  manufacture  is  subject  to 
duty  or  to  a  higher  rate  of  duty  than  has  been  already  paid,  the  pro- 
duct shall  be  liable  at  the  arrival  port  to  the  import  duty  there  assessed 
on  the  merchandise  from  which  it  has  been  manufactured,  with  the  de- 
duction of  the  duty  which  may  have  been  paid  at  the  port  of  shipment. 

An  exception  to  these  rules  is  made  in  case  of  the  grain  brought  home 
from  places  in  the  province  of  Finmark  by  fishermen  in  the  open  boats 
which  they  use  at  the  fisheries. 

§  12.  Import  duty  shall  be  refunded  on  samples  which  are  re-ex- 
ported to  foreign  countries  in  the  same  condition  as  imported  when  this 
proviso  wan  made  on  their  importation.  The  Treasury  Department 
can  also  grant  the  refundment  of  import  duty  collected  on  raw  materials 
and  accessory  materials  used  in  the  manufacture  of  goods  which  are  ex- 
ported to  foreign  countries,  as  well  as  on  other  assessed  goods,  accord- 


TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


33 


iDg  to  the  circamstances,  when  they  are  re-exported  in  unchanged  con- 
dition. 

Export  duty,  storage,  and  lighthouse  taxes  are  to  be  refunded  when 
the  proposed  voyage  is  not  completed  and  the  goods  loaded  are  again 
brought  ashore  in  this  country.  When  a  master,  on  clearing,  has  paid 
storage  and  light-house  taxes  at  a  higher  rate  than  that  prescribed  at 
navigation  at  the  place  where  the  master  has  discharged  the  cargo,  the 
surplus  of  payment  shall  be  refunded,  provided  the  master  make  an 
application  to  the  custom-house  in  question,  accompanied  by  adequate 
information  within  a  year  from  the  clearance. 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  duties  and  rates  of  tare. 


3 


4 
5 


7 
8 


9 
10 
11 

12 


13 
U 

15 
16 
17 


18 
19 
20 
21 


22 


23 
24 

25 


Ahim. 

AxmnoniA  and  salta  thereof 
HookB  or  flabhooks.    (Ses  MaoafiMtiired  metals.) 
Anise  and  anise  stAr.    (8e$  Spices.) 
Antimony.    {See  Metals.) 

Apothecary  articles,  that  is,  all  urtides  which  only  droggists  are  allowed  to  sell  in 
retail,  not  otherwise  provided  for : 

a.  containinK  spirits,  as  brandy 

b.  other  apochecary  articles 

Arrowroot,  pulverized.    {See  Sago.) 

Asbestos.    {See  Stone  and  manufactores  thereof) 

Ashes  of  wood  and  other  ^rts  of  plants 

Asphaltum,  unmixed  or  mixed  witn  rosin,  sand,  Sto.^  and  mannfactorea  thereof 

B. 


Boats  with  tackle 

Wood  for  hoops.     (See  Wood  and  wooden  goods). 

Ballast — shovels,  as  implements  and  tools  of  iron 

Balaam : 

a.  Ri|^  bnlaam,  as  brandy e 

b.  Which  only  apothecaries  are  allowed  to  sell.    {See  Apothecary  goods.) 
e.  Other  natural  oalsaios  as  turpentine.    [See  Gums  and  resins.) 

Barks  and  extracts  thereof  for  tanneries  of  all  kinds,  and  birch  bark 

Bast  and  fibers  of  cocoa 

Manufactured : 

a.  Hats.     (iSee  letter  H.) 

b.  Mats  for  packings 

e.  Rope  and  cord    

d.  Other  manufactures  thereof  per  kilogram 

Bone,  teeth  of  the  elephant,  walms,  &o. : 

a.  Raw,  crushed  or  ground 

b.  Manufactured : 
Buttons.    {See  letter  K.) 

Other  manufactures  thereof,  per  kilogram 

Bone,  coal,  calcined  ivory,  and  hartshorn 

Bluestone,  as  vitriol 

Bleaching  powder 

Flowers,  natural,  and  plants,  roots,  and  bulbs ■ 

Artificial,  per  kilogram 

Parti*  thereof. 

Leaves  of  paper,  as  pressed  paper 

Other,  ptr  Mlo^ram  ^ • 

Plumbat!o  or  black  lea*l 

Crucibles 

Black  lead  pencils.  re<l  lead  pencils,  and  other  pencils  of  chalk,  pencils  not  mounted, 

incladinc  boxes,  cases,  paper,  and  similar  onvelopes,  per  kilogram 

ABhe«  of  load  or  oxido  of  lead.     (S^e  Dj'eing  articles  No.  4) 

Ink  an«l  ink  powder,  the  weight  of  the  inuermost  packing  included,  per  kilogram. 

LeaC  gold  and  silver.    (Sw  Metals.) 

Buckwheat  and  grit,  and  dour  thereof.     {See  Grain.) 

Cotton  and  cottou  goods : 

1.  Cotton 

2.  Wadding 

3.  Yarn: 

a.  Not  dyed,  per  kilogram 

b.  Other,  per  kilogram 

Tare  for  No.  3  a  and  b:  On  rolls  or  spools  of  wood  or  metal,  50 ]»er  cent 

Obs. — Cord  made  like  rop^waker's  work  is  datiable  bb  yum 

77*^  CONCh^A  P 3 


drowns. 
Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


0.10 


Free. 


0.35 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


3.60 


3.60 


Free. 
Free. 


0.35 
0.10 


Free. 
Free. 


0.07 

o.ao 


34 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  dutieSf  j'c. — Continued. 


Kiun 
ber. 


27 

28 
29 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 
86 


87 
88 
80 


40 
41 
42 
43 


44 

45 


46 
47 
48 
40 


60 
61 


/ 


4.  Sail  cloth  and  other  undyed,  unbleached  mannfact tires,  the  square  half 

meter  of  which  weighs  !80  grams  or  more,  per  kilogram 

6.  Fishing  nets,  as  the  material  thereof  with  addition  of  ]U  per  cent   . . 

6.  Materials,  the  square  half-meter  of  which  weighs   100  grams  or  more; 

bleached, printed,  dj'ed,  or  woven  of  dyed  yam,  per  kilogram 

7.  Ribbons  ana  tapes,  as  well  as  ribbons  and  materials  interwoven  with  caout- 

chouc, gutta-percha,  and  belts  thereof,  per  kilogram 

8.  Diaper  and  damask,  likewise  kerchiefs,  if  not  dutiable  under  a  higher  rate, 

per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  100  kilograms) , 

0.  Knit  goods,  knitted,  crocheted,  netted  as  well  as  dyed,  and  not  dyed,  per  kil- 

ogram   

10.  Lacework.    {See  Letter  P.) 

11.  Fronts  for  shiits,  sewn  or  woven,  as  the  material  with  addition  of  10  per 

cent 

12.  Open  or  clear,  such  as  blonde,  bobbinet,  lace  and  gauze,  per  kilogram 

13.  Other  open  or  clear  goods  either  embroidered  or  interwoven  with  pattema, 

figures,  stripes,  or  squares  (except  embroidery  on  canvas)  per  kilogram  .. 

Obs. — Goods  shall  lie  considered  as  open  or  clear,  if  between  the  single  threads 

outside  the  embroidery  or  the  interwoven  close  figures,  stripes,  dtc,  intervals  can 

be  distinguished  of  a  thickness  of  at  least  one  thiead,  or,  ii  this  be  impossible,  if 

a  piece  i  meter  square  shall  weigh  only  20  grains  or  less. 

14.  Other  cotton  goods : 

a.  Printed,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  00  kilograms.) 

Obs.— Goods  of  one  color  shall  be  dutiable  as  wholly  single-colored  or  bleached 
stufiTs,  even  if  the  color  shall  have  been  applied  by  printing  or  rolling. 

h.  Of  several  colors,  not  printed,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  150  kilograms.) 

e.  Entirely  of  one  color  or  bleached,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  225  kilograms.) 

d.  Unbleached,  including  wicks,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  450  kilograms.) 

Obs. — Goods  made  of  cotton  in  combination  with  fiax,  or  with  such  spinning  ma- 
terials as  are  treated  as  flax,  shall  be  dutiable  as  cotton  goods ;  goods  of  cotton,  in 
combination  with  wool, shall  be  dutiable  as  woolen  goods;  goods  of  cotton,  in 
combination  with  silk.    {See  Silk  goods.) 

Borax  and  acid,  boracic , 

Meat  extracts  in  cakes,  as  provisions,  under  Animals 

Fire  engines 

Letter-ca^es,  pocketbooks,  porifolios,  portemonnaies,  or  purses,  cigar-cases : 

Of  skin,  or  oil-cloth,  or  Unen,  per  kilogram 

Of  paper,  as  manufactured  paper 

Spectacles,  eye-glasses,  microscopes,  burning-glasses,  mounted,  with  or  without 

cases,  per  kilogram 

Trusses.    {See  under  Skin.) 
BrouKO  powder.    {See  Metals.) 
Burning-glasses.    (6'e«  Spectacles.) 
Brandy  of  all  kinds : 

1.  In  bottles  or  jars,  without  regard  to  the  strength,  per  liter 

2.  In  other  envelopes,  of  sti-engtb  100  per  cent  per  kilogram 

For  each  half  per  cent,  under  100  per  cent.,  to  00  per  cent.,  inclusive,  1.2  ore  per 

kilogram  is  to  be  deducted;  for  eacli  half  per  cent,  below 90  per  cent.,  to  85  per 
cent,  inclusive,  1.1  ore  is  further  deducted ;  for  each  half  per  cent  below  85  per 
cent.,  to  75  per  cent.,  inclusive,  1 .05  ore  is  further  to  be  deducted ;  for  each  half  per 
cent,  below  75  per  cent,  to  65  per  cent.,  inclusive,  0.05  ore  is  further  to  be  deducted; 
for  each  half  per  cent  below  6.')  per  cent.,  to  45  j)er  cent.,  inclusive,  0.9  ore  is  further 
to  be  dt'ducted ;  for  each  half  per  cent,  below  45  per  cent,  to  25  per  cent.,  inclusive, 
0  8  ore  per  kilogram  is  further  to  bo  detlucted ;  and  for  each  half  per  cent  below 
25  per  cent.,  0.75  ore  per  kilogram  is  further  to  be  deducted.  The  strength  will  be 
measured  by  the  brandy-tester  at  any  time  authorized  by  the  King.  If  sugar  or 
anything  else  has  been  added  to  the  article,  rendering  the  measurement  of  the 
tester  incorrect,  duty  shall  be  assessed  as  on  brandy  of  100  per  cent  strength. 
(Tare,  16  per  cent) 

3.  Ethers  and  naphthas,  per  kilogram 

4.  Vinegar  othtr,  per  kilogram 

5.  Other  spirituous  and  other  spirits  of  ether,  per  kilogram 

6.  Smelling  \vutors.  including  aromatic  vinegar,  the  weight  of  the  nearest  pack- 

ing included,  per  kilogram  

7.  Varnish  and  ]>o]i8h.    {See  under  letter  F.) 

Obs.  1.— If  mixtuns  containing  spirits  are  entered  under  other  names  in  tJie 
tarifl*.  the  treasury  department  may  order  that  the  article  shall  be  assessed  as 
brandy. 

Obs.  2. — The  treasury  department  may  permit  that  brandy  for  technical  use  may 
be  imported  free  of  dutv,  on  the  condition  that  it  may  be  by  some  addition  rem- 
deretl  unfit  for  use  as  a  beverage. 
Bread  of  wheat,  or  of  whoat  mixed  with  other  cereals,  hard  or  soft,  per  kilogram.. 

.Of  rye  «nd  other  kinds  of  grain,  per  kilogram 

Belly-bands,  woven.    {See  under  Linen  goods.) 

Bottom  pieces  for  casks,  as  staves.    {See  under  Wood  and  wooden  goods.) 

JFura,  maDuSactared.    {See  Skins.) 


Import 
duty. 


Oownt. 
0.07 


0.27 
1.07 
0.60 


La7 


2.60 
L76 


1.07 

0.68 
0.37 
a  18 


Freeu 
Free.* 


aso 


0.86 


L86 
L80 


2.00 

L 

L80 


0.08.8 
0.08 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


35 


A. — Xarwenian  tariff  of  impart  duties,  ^c— Coutinued. 


SZ 


54 


S5 


56 


57 

58 


50 


61 
62 


64 

67 


70 
71 

73 


Saqpenders,  and  iMirte  thereof,  of  all  kincks,  per  kilosram 

Berries,  eatable,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  as  firaiw. 

Coopers'  goods.    (£^  Wood  and  wooden  goods.) 

Books.    {See  Paper. ) 

Beans,  and  flour  of  beans.    {See  Grain.) 

Brushes: 

a.  Of  bristles  or  other  hair.     {See  Hair.) 

b.  Of  rushes,  twigs,  and  other  fibers  of  plants.    {See  Brooms.) 

C. 
Cocoa: 

Beuis,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  600  kilograms.) 
Preparations  ofcocoa,  in  cakes,  blocks,  or  otherwise,  chocolate,  per  kUognun. . 
Camptiuioon.    (<SeeCork.) 
Ballona,  or  cold  laces,  under  metals. 
Curry  powders.    {See  Spices.) 
Cassia  li^ea.    {See  Spices.) 

Catechu,  of  all  kinds,  including  terra  Japonica  and  gambia 

Prunes.    ( See  Fruits. ) 
Cement.    {See  under  Stone.) 

CbampignouA,  truffles,  and  other  eatable  mushrooms,  per  kilogram 

Chloilde  of  limo,  as  blexiching  powder. 
Chocolate.    {See  Cocoa.) 
Chi<sorj  root.    (iSre  Roots. ) 
Cider  or  muRt    {See  Juices.) 
Lemons,  and  lemon  peel.    {See  Fruits.) 
Lemon  juice.    {See  J  uices. ) 

Acid,  citric  (acidnm  citricum),  and  acid,  tartaric  (aoidum  tttrtarioasi) 

C<^ring  for  brandies  and  other  beverages,  per  Idlognun 

(Tare,  in  casks,  16  per  cent) 

D. 

Dates.    {See  Fruits.) 

Jackscrews.    {See  Machinery.) 

Dragon's  blood.    {See  Gums.) 

Ladles'  ornaments.    {See  Clothing.) 

Diamonds.    {See  Precious  stones,  under  Stoneo.) 

Crucibles  of  clay.     {See  Earth  and  clay.) 

Crucibles  of  plumbago,    (S^e  Crucibles  of  black  leftd.) 

Dividivi 

Oakum 

Dolls'  clothcH.    {See  Toys.) 
Down.     {See  Feathers.) 
Feather  beds.    {See  Mattresses.) 
Animals,  and  provisions  made  therefrom: 

1.  Animals: 

a.  Horses  and  foals 

b.  Other  animals , 

2.  Provisions: 

a.  Fish,  pickled,  prepared  with  spices,  and  preserved  in  oil,  lobsters  and 
oysters,  also  in  Dermetically  closed  and  air-tight  vessels,  and  in  the  latter 
case  including  the  weight  of  the  packings,  smoked,  and  caviar,  per  kilo- 
gram  

h.  Fish ,  other , 

e.  Sausages  and  tongue,  per  kilogram , 

d.  Rolled  sausages 

e.  Corned  beef,  Australian  and  American  fresh  beef  in  hermetically  dosed 
and  air-tight  vessels,  per  kilogram 

8.  Other  articles  of  food  prepared  from  animals  likewise  in  hermetically  closed 

or  air-tight  vessels,  pies  and  soups  (bouillon),  per  kilogram , 

Oba. — In  both  cases  the  weight  of  the  vessels  shall  be  included  in  the  weight 
dutiable. 

/.  Meat  and  bacon  of  all  kinds: 

Smoked  per  kilogram 

Other  meats  and  oacon 

B. 

Yineear: 

a.  Incasks,  per  kilogram 

(Tare  casks,  l<l  per  cent.) 

b.  In  bottles  or  jars,  per  litei 

Grits  of  wheat.    {See  Grain . ) 

Blephant's  teeth  and  ivory.    {See  Bone.) 

Ivory  calcined.     {See  Bone  coal.) 

Peas  and  flour  thereof.    {See  grain.) 

Caaes  with  shaving  apparatus,  furnished  dressing-cases,  work-boxes,  and  work- 
baakets,  or  boxes  and  other  cases  with  implements  for  sewing,  writing,  or 
the  toilet  or  similar,  per  kilogram 


Import 
duty. 


Orownt. 
L78 


0.40 


Free. 


0.86 


asi 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


0.40 


Free. 


o.ao 


Free. 


0.10 
0.40 


0.20 


Free. 


aiB 
a  17 


aso 


36 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEBAX   COUNTRIES. 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  duties,  ^c. — Continued. 


78 
74 
75 
76 

77 

78 

79 
80 
81 

82 


83 
84 


85 

86 
87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 
93 

94 

95 

96 


F. 

Crockery  ware,    (^e  Earth  and  olay.) 
Dyes  and  paints: 

1.  White  lea<l  and  oxide  oi  sine,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  1,800  kilograms.) 

(Tare,  casks,  10  per  cent. ;  packing  of  metal,  8  per  cent.) 

2.  Cochineal  and  indigo,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  225  kiloi^rams. ) 

(Tare,  for  indigo  in  casks  and  boxes,  25  per  cent.) 

3.  Paints  ground  in  oil,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  1,800  kilograms.) 

(Tare,  casks,  12  per  cent. ;  packings  of  metal,  8  per  cent.) 

4.  Other  dyes  and  paints,  includuag  black  bone,  groona  chalk,  dye-woods  and 

plant  roots,  and  other  parts  of  plants  used  for  dyeing  not  otherwise  pro- 
vided for 

Fat  and  tallow: 

1.  Stearine  (stearic  acid),  margarine  (margario  acid),palmitin  (palmitin  acid), 

naraffine,  and  other  fat  or  oleaginous  substances  from  which  the  oleine 
nas  been  wholly  or  partially  extracted,  spermacets 

2.  Candlesthereof,  per  kilogram 

8.  Lard  and  fat.    (sw  Butter.) 

4.  Tallow  and  fatty  substances  not  otherwise  provided  for 

5.  Candles  made  thereof,  per  kilogram 

Pat  Ij'^e,  train  lye,  deyra,  grease  (including  residue  from  the  preparation  of 

garaffineoil  and  petroleum  and  the  so-called  resin  oil 
,  drying-oils,  polish,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  packing  of  metal,  8  per  cent.) 

Obs.— A  mixture  of  spirits  with  lacs,  dyes  and  shell  gums,  and  similar,  shall  be 
assessed  as  polish  or  varnish  when  the  spirits  are  understood  not  to  be  more  than 
four-fifths  of  the  weight  of  the  merchanoise;  in  other  cases  assessed  as  brandy. 
Figs.    (See  Fruits.) 
Felt.    (Se€  Linens,  Wool  or  Hair.) 

For  sheathing  or  roonng  with  asphaltnm,  tarred  or  prepared  in  a  similar  ir»y, 
as  paper  No.  4. 
Fish.    (See  Animals.) 
Fish-hooks,  as  hooks. 
Feathers  and  down : 
1.  In  bed-clothes. 


(See  Iron,  under  metals.) 


97 


(See  Mattresses.) 

2.  For  beds,  quilts,  and  downs,  per  kilogram 

3.  Feathers,  ornamental,  per  kilogram 

Bacon.    iJSee  Animals,  &c.) 

Foil,  tin-foil,  and  mirror-foil.    (See  Tin,  under  metals.) 
Foil  of  other  kinds,  as  gold  trimmings.    (See  Metals.) 
Fruits. 

1.  Fresh: 

a.  Oranges  of  all  kinds,  as  common  oranges,  citrons,  lemons,  bitter  or< 

anges,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  boxes,  22  per  cent.) 

O,  Apples,  pears,  and  grapes 

c.  Other  fruits  and  edible  berries,  per  kilogram 

2.  Dried: 

Plums,  including  French  prunes  and  other  prunes,  per  kilognun 

(In  bond,  700  kilograms.) 

(Tare,  c^aks  and  boxes,  10  per  cent.) 

Currants,  per  kilogram ^ 

(In  bond,  450  kilograms.) 

(Tare,  cases,  12  per  cent. ;  boxes,  16  per  cent.) 

Figs  and  cakes  of  figs,  per  kilogram 

(In  bondi  GOO  kilograms.) 

(Tare,  casks,  boxes,  and  cylinders,  15  per  cent. ;  caskets  and  mats,  6  per  cent.) 

Raains,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  450  kilof^rams.) 

(Tare,  casks,  14  per  cent. ;  boxes,  20  i[>er  cent ;  earthen  Jars,  30  per -cent.) 

Oranges  and  orange  peel,  per  kilogram 

Other  fniits,  not  otherwise  provide<l  for  in  the  tariff,  per  kilogram 

3.  Salted  or  pickled  in  vinegar: 

a.  Tamarinds,  also  if  vinegar  should  not  have  been  added,  per  kilogram  .. 
(Tare,  casks  and  boxes,  16  per  cent ;  earthen  jars,  30  per  cent.) 

Other,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  glasses,  30  per  cent.) 

4.  Fruits  and  fruit  peel  crystallized,  preserved  in  sugar  and  brandy,  juioea  of 

fruits  and  berries  prepared  with  sugar,  and  other  preserves  not  other- 
wise provided  for,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  glasses,  without  otnor  envelope,  30  per  oent) 
Fringes  of  gold  or  silver,  as  gold  trimmings.    (See  Metals.) 
Seeds,  viz: 

a.  Linseed,  per  100  kilognuna 

(In  bond,  20,000  kilograms.) 


Orcwng. 
0.06.7 


0.25 
0.06w7 


Free. 


Free. 


ai3 


Free. 


a  18 


Free. 


0.06w7 


0.83L3 
8.00 


OrwonM. 
0.20 


Free. 


0.04 
0.16.7 

0.23 

0.23 

0.30 

0.13 
0.16.7 

0.10 

0.40 

0.60 

0i68 


TABIPP8   OP   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


37 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  duties,  <fo. — Continned. 


100 

96 


100 

101 

108 
103 


104 


105 

loe 

207 

106 
lOO 


110 
Ul 
113 

lis 


114 
115 

116 

117 
116 


UO 
121 
123 


U4 


125 
126 


127 
136 


130 

in 


Import 
duty. 


Seeds,  viz: 

h.  Rape  seed,  per  100  kilognuns 

(In  bond,  20,000  kflograms.) 

e.  Canary  seed,  per  kiloraun 

d.  Other  seed,  not  otberwise  provided  for 

Birds.    (S^e  Animals.) 

Matches  fluclfers),  also  of  other  material  than  wood 

PercQssion  caps: 

a.  For  guns,  indnding  the  weight  of  the  boxes,  per  kilogram 

6.  Other 


O. 


Galls  and  gall  nnts 

Gelatine.    (See  Glue.) 

Guns.    {See  Metals.) 

Gypsum  and  casts  of  plaster.    (See  Stone,  &o.) 


Fertilisers 

Glass  and  glassware: 

L  Bottles  and  flasks  of  all  kinds  (not  inclading  decanters,  cast  and  cut  botdes) . 
2.  Plates  or  sheets: 

41.  With  foil,  per  kilogram 

h.  Withoat  foil,  cat  and  colored,  gilded,  varnished,  engraved,  and  flgnred, 

per  kilogram 

(Tare,  for  No.  2,  a  and  b,  boxes,  25  per  cent.) 

e.  Other  glass,  in  plates  or  sheets,  per  kilogram 

5.  Sky-lights,  tiles  of  glass,  milk  pans,  nshing  nets,  floats,  glasses  for  preserves. 

4.  Vases  for  chemical  parposes,  retorts,  caps  for  telegraph  poles <. 

6.  Optical  glasses  (including  baming-glasses)  not  set,  oeads,  ornaments  not  set, 

glass  ^Is,  enamel  not  msnafactured,  glass  paste,  fragments  of  glass 

6.  Beads,  ornaments,  and  beads  set  in  gold,  silver,  or  aluminiam  shall  be 

weighed  together  with  the  settings,  and  t>e  charged  like  them.    • 
In  other  metals.    (See  Jewelry.) 

7.  Other  glssswM^e,  per  kilogram 

6.  Bottles  with  plaited  cover,  which  cannot  be  considered  as  envelope,  per 

kilogram 

Globssj  inclading  tellnriuno,  hinariam,  and  similar  articles,  wiUi  or  withoat  stands. 

Glyoenne 

Glycerine,  dip 

SiMe-pencils.    (See  Stone,  Sec.) 
Ckita.    (See  Grain.) 

Mannfactared,  as  twigs 

Otherwise  mannfactared 

Trimmings  of  metaL    (See  Metals,  &o.) 

Carpets,  painted  or  printed  on  oil-cloth.    (See  Textile  goods.) 

Gum  and  resins : 

1.  Pitch  from  coal  and  other  black  pitch 

2.  Caoatchonc  and  gatta-percba 

5.  Gams  and  resins,  not  especially  enumerated,  Inclading  turpentine 

4.  Other  gums  and  resins,  liquefied  or  dissolved,  as  varnish 

6.  Caoutchouc  and  gutta-percha,  manufactured : 

a.  In  sheets,  including  caoutchouc  paper,  soles,  cords  or  straps,  thread, 
rings,  cables,  blocks,  buffers,  hoses,  tubes,  rollers,  telegraph  caps,  floor 
mats,  and  soles  for  horseshoes,  also  when  in  combinatmn  with  threads 

or  texture 

Otherwise,  per  kilogram 


Orovmt. 
0.55 


Free. 
Free. 


0.13 


Free. 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


L83 


Free. 


(In  bond,  120  kilograms.) 


H. 


Designs.    (See  Paintings.) 
B[air,  and  manufactures  thereof: 

L  Cnzled  hair,  including  drawn  horse  and  cattle  hair,  also  if  not  entirely  pre- 
pared  

2.  Bristles  and  hair  of  all  kinds 

8.  Yam,  in  or  without  combination  with  other  spinning  materials,  as  woolen 

yam * 

4.  Brushes: 

a.  Mounted  in  wood  or  metal,  per  kilogram 

b.  Mounted  in  bone,  horn,  or  other  materiids,  including  quills  and  cards, 

per  kilogram 

6.  Other  manufactures  thereof,  in  or  without  combination  with  other  spinning 
materials : 


0.28 
0.18 


Free. 
Free. 

F^ree. 


0.06 


0.87 


Free. 
Freci. 
Freeu 


0.27 


Freeu 
Free. 


Free. 


aot 


Free. 
Free. 


Freob 


d.  Of  horse  hair: 

Hats  and  cape,    (fito  flats.) 


ait 

0.4« 

aa? 


38 


TAKIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  dutitSy  ^c. — Continaed. 


Hair,  and  manufactures  thereof: 

132  Other  ^oods,  including  sievea,  aeatingB,  and  petticoats,  per  kilogram. 
e.  Otherwise,  as  woolen  goods. 

Hair-pins.     (See  Metals.) 
Shot.    (See  Lead,  under  Met^.) 
Straw.    {See  under  S.) 
Hemp.    (See  Flax,  &c.) 
Flax-seed.    (See  Seeds.) 
Gloves.     (See  Skins.) 
Resin.    (See  Gums.) 

133  Harrows 

Hats  and  caps : 

134  1.  Hats  lor  ladies  and  children,  of  silk  or  of  material  consisting  of  silk  in  com> 
biuation  with  other  niateriuls ;  likewise  other  hats  for  ladies  and  children, 
if  ornamented  witli  tlowcrs  and  feathers,  per  piece 

135  2.  Hats  and  caps  of  all  kinds  of  felt,  or  of  woolen  materials  (knitting  excepted), 
made  up  or  otherwise  coveied  with  floss-silk,  irrespective  of  the  under 
substance,  likewise  if  iiiaxle  uj)  or  otherwise,  folding  hats,  also  hats  or 
cups  in  part  oruuiueuted  with  fur,  all  with  or  without  paste-board  boxes, 
per  piece » 

136  3.  Other  hats  or  caps,  provided  they  cannot  bo  referred  to  knitting  goods,  per 
piece 

Hat-forms,  hat-crowns,  and  hat-brims  of  "rolled-book,"  or  other  starched  niaterhU, 
in  or  without  combination  with  wire,  as  hat-forms  of  chips.  (See  Manufactures 
of  chips.) 

Vegetables,  edible: 

137  1.  Green  and  salted  

2.  Prepared  in  hunuetically  closed  vessels.    (8te  Provisions.) 

138  3.  Other,  per  kilogram 

Hatchets.     (»S'ee  Metals.) 

Grits  of  millet.     (See  Grits  of  wheat,  under  Grain.) 

139  Honey,  per  kilogram 

140  Horn : 

a.  Not  manufactured,  ground  or  in  strips 

b.  Manufactured: 
Buttons.     (Sec  letter  K.) 

141  Other  manufactures,  per  kilogram 

Hides.     (See  Skins.) 
Caps.     (See  Hats.) 

142  Hops,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  250  kilograms.) 

(Tare,  packing  of  linen,  4  per  cent.) 

148     Hops,  Spanish 

Isinglass.    (See  Glue.) 

144  WhSebone,  cut 

Whale-fat  (spermaceti.)    (See  Fats  and  tallows.) 
Walrus  teeth.    (See  Bone.) 
Twine.    (<$ee  Rope-maker  goods.) 
Hooks  and  eyes.    (See  Metals.) 
Hay,  as  grass. 

Ginger,  white  and  brown,  gronnd  and  not  gnrand.    (/8Sm  Spioes.) 

145  Preserved,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  jars,  45  per  cent.) 

Instmments: 

1.  Musical: 

a.  Piano-fortes: 

146  Grand,  per  piece 

147  Square  or  upright,  per  piece « 

148  h.  Guitars,  violins,  tenor  violins,  violoncellos,  and  base  violins,  per  piece. 
140                 c.  Flutes,  hantboys,  and  clarionets,  per  piece 

150  d.  Bows  for  musical  instruments,  whether  imported  in  connection  with  an 
instrument  or  otherwise,  per  piece 

151  a.  Organs,  ad  valorem 

/.   Harmoniums: 

158  With  pedals,  per  piece 

153  Without^  per  piece 

154  g.  Other  musical  instmments,  per  kilogram 

155  A.  Parts  ol  musical  instruments  (strings  excepted),  per  kilogram 

2.  Other  instruments  dutiable  according  to  material. 
Black  lead  powder.    (See  Black  load.) 
Earth,  clay,  and  manufactures  thereof: 

156  A.  Earth  and  clay  not  otherwise  provided  for  in  the  tariff 

B.  Manufactures  of  earth  and  clay : 

157  a.  Crucibles,  mortars,  evaporating  and  grinding  vessels,  retorts,  baUoons, 
andcrecurbits,  flags,  telegraph  caps  (isolators),  and  vessels  for  galvanic 
elements,  tubes  for  conducting  water  and  heat,  tubes  for  closets  and 
drains,  whether  made  of  china  or  of  other  species  of  earth  or  clay 

b.  Bowls  of  pii)es,  &c.,  and  clay  pipes.    (See  Pipes.) 


Import 
duty. 


Crown*. 

aao 


Fre& 


L50 

0.40 
a20 


Freew 


Free. 


0.20 
0.20 

0.35 
0.47 


Free. 


1.00 


60.00 

40.00 

LOO 

0.50 

0.20 
8  per  cent. 

40.00 

20.00 

0.85 

a  15 

Free. 


TABIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


39 


A.—Nonoegi<m  tariff  of  import  duties,  <f  o. — Continued. 


V 


156 


159 
lOO 
1«1 


162 
163 
164 


165 


160 


167 
168 
168 

170 


171 
172 
173 

174 
175 
176 

177 


178 


179 
180 
181 


IJDiport 
duty. 


Earth,  clay,  and  manafactures  thereof— Cootinned. 
B.  MaDufaictures  of  earth  and  clay: 

c.  Stoves  of  all  kinds  of  earth  or  clacy 

d.  Other  man ufiu- tares  of  earth  or  clay : 

1.  Brick  manufactures: 

Bricks  of  all  kinds 

Tiles,  glazed,  per  1,000  pieces 

Tilea,  not  glazed 

Other,  as  pottery 

2.  Pottery,  common*: 

Not  pliized  or  painted •--• 

Ot  hvr,  per  kilogram 

3.  Cix)cker V  ware,  per  kilogram 1 

(Tare  for  Noa.  2  and  3,  baskets.  25  per  cent. ;  casks  and  boxes,  30  por  cent. 

4.  Stone- ware  (the  substance  showing  some  melting  without  being 
transnarent): 

Fine  (with  white  and  whitish  substance),  including  "iron-atone" 

and  "  Wed •::«' wood,"  so  Ktyled  as  crockery  ware. 
Common  (f^ubst^nci-,  Dot  white  or  whitish)  as  pottery. 

5.  Porcelain  or  biscuit,  per  kilogram 

(Tare :  baskets,  2o  per  cent. ;  casks  and  boxes,  30  per  cent.) 

0.  Terialith,  terracotta,  and  other  articles  which  do  not  enter  in  any  of 
the  classes  1  to  5,  shall  be  dutiable  as  crockery  ware. 

K. 
Cabbage.    (See  Vegetables.) 
Swords  or  sabers.    (See  Iron,  under  Metals.) 

Coffee,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  240  kilo;irams-) 

(Tare:  bags,  single,  U  percent;  doable,  2|  per  cent.) 

Extracts  of  cotfco 

Roast,  all  kinds  of  roast  plants,  intended  to  be  used  as  coffee,  per  kilogram . . . . 
Coffee-mills  with  wooden  box,  per  piece 

Of  iron.     (<S««  Metals.) 
Cakes,  including  all  kinds  of  pastry,  prepared  with  vanilla,  lemon-peel,  honey, 

sugar,  and  sirup,  and  similar  articles,  per  kilogram 

Lime,  burned,  and  lime  and  chalk. 

Lime-stone.     (See  Stone.) 

Combs,  according  to  materiaL 

Cinnamon,  cinnamon  flowers  and  cassia  lignia.     (See  Spices.) 

Cap(*r8,  including  the  weight  of  the  innermost  envelope,  per  kilogram 

Cards  and  card  bands  of  all  kinds 

Butts  for  cards 

Cardamom.    (See  Spices.) 

Cards 

Charta,  astronomical,  maps,  and  seachftfts 

Chestnata 

Caviar.    (See  Provisions,  under  Animals.) 

Telescopes  and  microscopes,  per  kilogram 

Meats.    (See  Animals,  &c.) 
Bran.    (See  Grain.) 

Rags,  old 

Clothing  and  ornaments,  not  otherwise  provided  for  in  the  tariff,  and  purts  thereof^ 
made  up  by  sewing : 

L  Impregnated  or  coated  with  oil,  varnish,  gums,  or  like  substances,  or  manu- 
factured of  such  materials: 

a.  When  the  material  is  wholly  or  in  part  made  of  silk,  per  kilogram — 

b.  Otherwise,  per  kilogram 

2.  Other  clothing  and  ornaments,  as  well  as  parts  thereof,  made  up  by  sewing, 

shall  pay  the  same  rate  of  duty  as  the  chief  substance  of  the  outer  mate- 
rial, and  in  addition  thereto  10  per  cent ;  the  same  rate  of  dnty  shall  be 
paid  on  tamboured  and  embroidered  articles  for  clothing  or  ornaments, 
as  veils,  sleeves,  wristbands,  when  each  article  of  dress  u  imported  sen- 
aratel3%  also  when  not  entirely  finished  for  use.    When  the  clothing  is 
made  of  a  material  subject  to  different  rates  of  duty,  according  its  weight 
of  a  square  half  meter,  and  the  weight  cannot  be  estimated  with  sufficient 
exactitude,  the  clothing  shall  be  considered  made  of  the  material  which  is 
subjected  to  the  highest  rate  of  duty.    The  additional  duty  shall  not  be 
impose<l  on  clothing  ready-made  of  knit  goods,  also  made  up  with  buttons, 
■  linmgs,  strings,  and  like,  also  of  a  material  subject  to  a  higher  rate  of 
duty  than  the  clothmg  itself. 
8.  When  the  clothing  is  only  stemmed  or  bound. 
Hoofs  of  cattle.     (See  Horn. ) 
Buttons: 

L  Covered  with  cloth  or  thi-ead.    (See  Haberdashery.) 

2.  Other  buttons  and  button-molds,  including  the  weight  of  paper,  paste- 
board boxes,  per  kilogram 

Verdigris.     (See  Vitriol.) 

Engravings,  lithograph.^,  and  similar  goods,  not  framed.    (See  Paper.) 
I        Framed,    (^m  Frames.) 


Cfroums. 
Free. 


Free. 


aoo 


Free. 


Free. 


0.03.8 
0.07 


9,73 


0.40 


40  per  cent, 
0.60 
0.40 


0.40 


Free. 
Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


L60 


0.85 


Fre& 


2.08 
0.78 


a89 


40 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


A.^Norw€gian  tariff  of  import  dutieSf  <fc. — Continaed. 


Knni- 
ber. 


183 
184 


185 
186 
187 
188 


189 
190 

191 

192 
193 

194 
195 
196 


197 
198 
199 
200 


201 
202 
203 
204 
205 

206 


207 
208 

209 


248 


249 
250 


251 


252 


253 


Ba«t  of  cocoanuts  and  manufactiirc^s  thereofl    (See  BmI.) 

Cocoanots,  per  piece 

Confectionei-s'  goods.     (See  Cakes.) 

Corals,  crude  or  not  manufftct  nred  — .,. 

Manofiactured,  as  cut  and  polished 'stones. 
Currants.    {See  Fruits.) 
Corkwood 

In  corks  for  bottles,  not  mounted,  and  cork-solea 

In  corks  for  bottles,  mounted,  per  kilogram 

In  squares  in  combination  witn  other  materials,  including  camptolicon  and 

similar  materials,  per  It  ilogram 

Grain: 

1.  Not  ground : 

<ii  Buckwheat,  per  100  kilograms 

b.  Barley,  per  100  kilograms 

(In  bond,  15.000  kilograms.) 
e.  Beans,  i)eas,  and  lentils,  per  100  kilograms 

d.  Without  po<ls,  as  flour  of  these  articles. 

e.  Oata 

/.  Wheat,  per  100  kiloirrams  — 

(In  bond,  15,000  kOograms.) 

a.  Maize,  per  100  kilograms 

A.  Malt  or  all  kinds,  ground  and  not  ground,  per  kilogram 

i.  Bye,  per  100  kilograms 

(In  bond,  15,000  kilograms.) 
At  the  ports  of  Hammerfost,  Yardd,  and  Yadsd 

2.  Ground. 

a.  Grits: 

Of  buckwheat,  100  kilograms 

Of  barley  and  pearl  barley,  per  100  kilograms 

Of  oats 

Of  wheat,  including  Semouille  and  Cabanoa  grits;  likewise  grita  of 

wheat,  miUet,  and  manna,  per  kilogram 

h.  Flour: 

Of  buckwheat,  beans,  peas,  lentils,  and  maize,  per  100  kilograms 

Of  barley,  per  100  kilograms 

Of  oats 

Of  wheat,  per  100  kilograms 

Of  rye,  per  100  kilograms 

At  the  porta  of  Hammerfest,  Yardd,  and  Yadsd 

e.  Bran  

Grain,  mixed  of  different  kinds,  shall  pay  duty  as  that  which  is  subject  to  the 

highest  rate. 
Cosmetics.    (See  Pomades.) 

Brooms  and  brushes  of  twigs,  rush,  and  other  fibers  of  plants,  per  kilogram. 

Chalk,  white  and  red,  not  manufactured 

Ground.    (See  Paints.) 

For  drawing,  crayons,  chiUk  pencils.    {See  Pencils) 

Obs. — Goods  shali  be  dutiable  as  open  or  clear,  if  intervals  of  a  minimum  thick- 
ness of  one  thread  can  be  distinguished  between  the  single  threads  outaide  the 
embroidery,  or  the  interwoven  close  figures,  stripes,  &.O. ;  or,  if  this  be  impossible, 
if  one-half  meter  square  weighs  only  20  grams  or  less. 

17.  Other  goods  of  the  above  specified  spinning  materials. 

a.  Printed  (as  similar  goods  of  cotton) ,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  90  kilograms.) 

Obs.— Goods  of  one  color,  &c.    (See  the  observation  under  Cotton.) 

b.  Of  several  colors,  not  printed  (aa  similar  goods  of  cotton),  per  kilognun 
(In  bond,  150  kilograms.) 

e.  Entirely  of  one  color  and  bleached  (aa  similar  goods  of  cotton),  per 
kilogram , 

(In  bond  (225  kilograms.) 

d.  Unbleached,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  450  kilograms.) 

Obs.— Goods  of  the  above  enumerated  spinning  materials,  in  combination  with 
cotton,  as  cotton  goods ;  in  combination  with  wool,  aa  woolen  goods ;  in  combina- 
tion  with  silk,  as  silk  goods. 
Linseed.    ((S^«6  Seeds.) 
Linseed  cake.    (See  Oil-cake.) 
Lentils.    (See  Grain.) 

Linen  made  up  by  hand.    (See  Clothing  and  Dress  Gh>ods  made  up  by  sewing.) 
Liquors.    (See  Brandy.) 
Smelling  water.    (See  under  Brandy.) 

Matches,  per  kilogram 

Lanterns,  as  lamps. 
Candles  of  wax.    (See  Wax.) 
Candles,  other.    (See  Fata  and  TallowB.) 
Photographs  on  paper.    (See  Paper.) 

Photograghs,  other • ••., 

Leather.    (Sec  Skins.) 
Onions.    (See  Vegetables.) 


Import 
duty. 


Orovnu. 
0.07 

Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


0.70 
0.18 


0.20 
0.72 

0.36 


Free. 


a22 

0.20 

0.28.5 

0.20 


Free. 


0.44 
0.44 


Free. 


0.13 


0.40 
0.33.8 


Free. 


L25 
0.33.8 


Free. 
Free. 


0.05 


Free. 
Free. 


L07 

0.68 

0.27 
0.18 


FlM. 


TARIFFS   OP   THE   SEVEBAL   C0UNTKIE8. 


41 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  duties,  4^c. — Continued. 


254 


255 

256 
257 
258 


250 
200 


261 
262 

263 


264 


265 
266 


267 
268 
260 
270 
271 
272 
273 

274 
275 

276 
277 
278 
270 


280 

281 
282 


M. 


Instnimenta  for  weighinfT  and  measuring 

Macaroni.    (See  Yeraiicelli.  ]  " 

Mattresaes,  filled  and  staffed,  bed-clothes,  quilta,  staffed  fumitareand  staffed  parts 

thereof,  of  which  the  joiners*  work  does  not  form  the  chief  part ;  cushions  for 

carriages,  staffed  cashions  for  sof^s,  foot-stools,  &c. : 

1.  When  any  part  thereof  consists  of  metal  or  wood,  per  kilogram 

2.  Otherwise. 

a.  Stuffed  with  feathers  or  down,  per  kilogram 

b.  Stuffed  with  other  mateiials 

Obs.— When  the  articles  belonging  to  these  classes  have  covers  of  silk  or  of  silk 

in  combination  with  other  materials,  they  shall  pay  an  additional  duty  of  10  per 

cent. 

Provisions  in  hermetically  closed  and  air-tight  vessels : 

1.  Of  animals.    {See  Animals  and  Provisions  of  animals.) 

2.  Other  provision,  including  the  weight  of  the  envelopes,  per  kilogram 

Paintings  ana  drawings,  not  framed 

Fnuned.    (£^0  Frames.) 
Paints  and  painters'  goods.    {See  Dyes.) 
Ores,  not  melted,    (i^  Stone.) 
Malt.    {See  Grain.) 

Extract  of  malt,  dry  or  liquid,  including  the  weight  of  the  innermost  enrelopej 

per  kilogram 

Almonds  and  almond  no wder,  per  It  ilogram 

(Tare:  envelope  of  linen,  4  per  cent.) 
Grits  of  manna.    (See  Grits  of  wheat,  under  Grain.) 
Machinery : 

SteamTengiuee  and  other  engines  for  industrial,  agricultural,  or  nautical  pur- 
poses ;  likewise  parts  of  snch  engines,  including  packing  for  engines,  friction 

iMtnds,  and  driv^^g  bands 

Mats.    {See  the  material.) 
Medals.    {See  Metals.) 
Flour.    {See  Grain.) 
Meerschaom.  .  {See  Earth  and  clay. 
Metals: 

L  Crude,  in  pigs,  granulated,  in  blocks  and  bars,  and  in  such  slabs  or  like, 
which  have  nndergone  no  other  finishing  than  melting;  also  old  metal  goods 

onlv  fit  for  remanufacturing  and  scrap  metal 

II.  Manufactured : 
A.— Of  various  metals : 

1.  Hooks  and  fish-hooks,  including  fiy-hooks  and  hooks  with  artificial  bait. 

2.  Jewelry  of  base  metals,  iu  or  without  combination  with  other  metals,  as 
bracelet*,  pins,  chains,  crosses,  rings,  seals,  clasps,  &c.,  including  the 
cases,  boxes,  papers,  or  like  innermost  envelopes,  per  kilogram 

3.  Gold  leaf  and  silver  leaf  and  all  other  metal  leaf 

Bronze  powder,  and  all  other  finely-ground  metals,  pure  and  imitation.. . 
Guns  and  pistols,  per  kilogram 

Gun-barrels  in  raw  state 

Other  parts,  per  kilogram 

Cannon,  mortars,  gun-cairiages,  and  shot 

Trimmings  of  gold,  silver,  pTatina,  and  aluminum,  as  thread,  lahn,  tin- 

sel,  tresses,  galloons,  laces,  fringes,  pure  and  imitation,  per  kilogram  . . 

Hackel  s 

Uooksand  eyes,  hair-pins,  per  kilogram 

No  tare  shall  be  allowed  lor  the  papers  on  which  pins  are  fastened. 
Coins,  medals t  — 

11.  Pins,  including  the  weight  of  the  pasteboards  or  the  boxes,  per  kilo  — 

12.  Beads  of  other  metals  than  gold,  silver,  and  aluminum,  per  kilogram  . .. 
Implements  and  tools  for  inrlustrial,  nautical,  and  agricultural  purposes, 

provided  they  are  not  otherwise  herein  specified,  with  or  without 

handles 

Type-founder  work  of  all  kinds  (for  instance,  types  and  stereotype 
plates,  ornaments  and  molds  of  metal,  with  or  without  combination 
of  wood,  for  printers,  binders,  cotton-printers,  paper-hangings  mann- 
facturers,  &c.,  as  well  as  plates  of  metaj,  engraved  or  in  other  ways 

prepared  for  printinu  of  music,  land  and  sea  cbaHs,  &c. ) 

Wire  of  steel  or  other  metals,  interwoven  in  or  covered  with  ribbons, 
thre-ad,  paper,  or  like  (including  the  weight  of  the  spools);  steel 
springs  covtTcd  with  thread  or  like,  including  crinoline  wire,  per  kilo. 

6.  Manufactures,  including  hat-bodies,  per  kilometer 

Obs. — ^Very  heavy  manufacture!)  of  niotil  for  industrial  and  agricultural  pur- 
poses, also  for  use  on  board  ships,  can  be  allowed  by  the  treasury  depariment  to 
enter  at  a  reduced  rate  of  duty,  or,  according  to  the  circumstances,  free  of  duty, 
provided  they  are  not  alreadyexempt  of  duty  according  to  the  tariff. 
B. — Gold,  silver,  aluminum,  platina : 

1.  Pressed,  unpoliahea.  per  hectogram 

2.  Otherwise  manufactured,  including  the  article  set  in  the  manufinctared 

metal,  per  hectogram 


4. 

5. 


6. 
7. 

8. 
0. 

10. 


13. 


14. 


15a. 


Import 
duty. 


Orownt. 
Free. 


0.18 

0.60 
15  per  cent. 


Free. 


0.60 


0.86 
0.40 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 

Free. 


Free. 


0.80 


0.53 
0.10 


2.33.3 


Free. 


0.53 


Free. 


0.60 
1.16 


Free. 


Free. 


0.27 
0.40 


0.64 
0.64 


42 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  duties,  <f"c.— -Continued. 


284 

285 
286 
287 


288 


289 
290 


291 
292 

293 

294 
295 


296 
297 
298 
299 


800 
801 
802 
803 


804 
805 
806 


807 
808 

809 
810 
811 

812 

813 
314 

815 
816 
817 
818 
819 


Metals — Continned. 
C— Iron: 

1.  Steel,  as  bar  iron. 

2.  Naila,  bolta,  sci-ews,  cleucber-naila ;  also  zincked,  coppered,  aod  tinned  . 

3.  Nutfi,  clencb -plates,  clench-rinfis 

4.  Table-knivoH  and  tork8,  with  bandies  of  silver,  or  silver-plated;  pen- 

knives, razors,  with  or  without  cases  or  boxts,  per  kilometer 

Observe:  Knives  wbeieiu  nia  blades  of  inn-knives  slioll  be  rated  as  pen-knives ; 
also  when  they  have  other  blades  or  instrmneuts. 

5.  Steel  and  iron  wiie : 

a.  Also  coppond  and  zinckcd  (including  strings) 

b.  Wires  and  win*  bands,  and  wires  manufactured.  (See  Metals,  manu- 

factured, A  No.  lf>) 
e.  Manufactured: 

a.  Ilopes 

p.  OtherwLso , 

6.  Needles: 

a.  Sewing,   embroidery,  daminp,  crochet,  and  knitting:  needles,  in- 

cluaiuff  tbo  pape'i-s  covering  the  needles,  per  kilogram 

b.  Pius  and  hiiir-pins.     (Set  9th  class  of  nianulacturcd  metals.) 
e.  Other  needles,  as  ])olishod  manufactures  of  iron. 

7.  Door-handles,  flre-^^b()vcl3,  lirc-tonps,  pokers,  hinges,    garden -shears, 

hand-mills,  knobs  tor  drawers  and  lilie,  choppin;.-knive8,  door-bolts, 
scissors  (not  polLshcd),  buckles,  knittuig-m  edles,  irons,  mountin;;s  of 
doors  and  windows,  materials  for  keys,  with  or  without  handles,  per 
kilogram 

8.  Thimbles  and  sewing-rings  (also  lined  with  other  metal  than  iron),  steel 

for  striking  fire,  corlc -screws,  other  knives  and  forks  than  those 
above  enumeialed,  scis-sors  (j)olifihed),  IocLh,  suuflfers,  sjiurs,  skates, 
swords,  and  saberu,  with  and  without  sheaths,  and  blades  for  such 
weapons,  per  kilogram 

9.  Beds,  safes  and  tire-proof  boxes,  so  styled,  copying  presses  and  seal 

presses '. 

10.  Other  cast-iron  manufactures: 

1.  Fine,  such  as  ash  pans,  newspaper-brackets,  tables.  baa-reliefs,cniet- 

stands,  book-sheh  e.>«,  barometers,  hand  bells,  cigar-holders,  eta- 
gdres,  figures  and  groups  thereof,  matcb-boxes,  n  els  for  wool,  &c., 
candehibras,  console^*,  baskets,  chandeliers,  sconces,  reading- 
desks,  screens,  candlesticks,  lockets,  paper-holUers,  penholders, 
I>en-racks,  trays,  censors  bowls,  inkstands,  sugar-choppers,  needle- 
work holdere,  looking-glass  frames,  tobacco-boxes,  thermometers, 
watch-stands  and  vases,  whetherornot  polished,  painted,  bronzed, 
varnished,  galvanized,  or  the  like,  per  kilogram 

2.  Coarse: 

a.  Pipes,  valves  for  pipes,  ballast  iron,  retorts 

b.  Pots  and  kettles,  with  or  without  lids 

e.  Cast-iron  ware,  not  otherwise  specified 

a.  Bar,  bolt,  and  band  iron,  axles,  and  pivots,  crows,  ship-kneee, 

cramps,  T-irons,  and  other  rolled  and  hammered,  scrap  iron, 
railroad  bars,  plates  and  cramps  for  fastening  such  bars 

b.  Pipes  and  valves  for  pipes,  posts  for  fences  — 

0.  Ship  anchors,  cable  onains,  and  iron  chains 

d.  Plates 

a.  Plates  3^  millimeters,  and  over,  thick,  manofactored,  indad- 

ing  boilers 

/.  Plates  less  than  3^  millimeters  thick,  mannfactured : 

a.  Lacquered,  enameled,  or  glazed,  per  kilogram 

/3.  Painted,  varnished,  bronzed,  per  kilogram 

y.  Otherwise  (including  articles  overlaid  with  zinc)  per  kilo- 

gram  , 

g.  Manufactures  from  iron,  otherwise  wrought  or  rolled : 

a.  Gilt  or  plated,  per  kilogram , 

^.  Overlaiil  with  nickel  or  polished  (all  goods  on  which  no  filing 

is  visible  shall  be  rated  as  polished),  per  kilogram 

y.  Otherwise,  per  kilogram , 

D.  Lead,  rolls,  pigs,  sheets 

Pipes. 

Boxes,  foil,  toys,  as  similar  goods  of  tin. 

Other  manufactures,  including  shot,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  shot  packed  in  linen  1  per  cent.) 

E.  Tin  in  rolls, 'pigs,  sheets,  and  in  grain 

Pipes , 

Other  man  ufactnres : 

a.  Giit,  plate<l.  per  kilogram 

b.  Otherwise,  including  foil,  per  kilogram 

P.  Zinc  in  sheets,  blocks,  bars,  pipes 

NaUs 

Wire  and  strings 


Orwent, 


Free. 
Free. 


O.dO 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


0.S8 


0.16 


0.85 


FreoL 


0.20 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
Freo. 


Free. 


0.86 
0.16 

0.10 

0.70 


Free. 


0.85 
0.10 


0.08 


Free. 
FK'a 


0.70 
0.85 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


TABIPFS   OP   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


43 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  duiieSf  ^c. — Continaed. 


If  um- 
ber. 


320 
321 
322 
323 

324 

325 
326 

327 

328 

829 
830 


881 
832 


333 

834 
385 


336 

337 
338 

839 


840 
341 


342 
843 

844 


Meti^b — ContinQed . 

Hanofactused — Continued. 
F. — Ziuc,  in  sheets,  blocks,  bars,  pipea — Continaed. 
Otherwise  manafacttired : 

a.  Gilt,  silver-plated,  per  kilogram 

h.  Bronzed,  varnished,  lacquere<l,  or  painted,  per  kilogram 

c.  Cast  ai-ticles,  weighing  over  25  kilograms,  per  piece 

d.  Otherwise,  per  kilogram 

G.  Copper,  brass,  bronze,  German  silver,  and  other  metals  mixed  with  copper 

1.  Plates,  sheets,  bolts,  rivet  rings,  rivet  plates,  bottoms,  bars,  wirocloth, 

and  unpolished  pipes 

2.  Nails,  screws,  nuts,  rivets 

3.  Sheets,  plated 

4.  Battens.     (See  Buttons.) 

5.  Thread  and  strings — 

6.  Manafacturcs  of  wire,  in  or  without  combination  with  other  materials, 

provided  they  do  notenter  intoany  of  the  above  classes,  per  kilogram, 

7.  Casts  of  busts  and  statues,  weighing  over  25  kilograms 

8.  Bells,  wheel  boxes,  door  mountings,  door  latclies,  faucets,  hinges, 

candle-sticks,  mortars,  casters  for  furniture,  irons,  thimbles,  sewing- 
rings,  knobs  for  drawers  or  like,  rings  and  hooks,  with  or  witbout 
screw-thread,  watch-keys,  in  or  witbout  combination  with  other 

materials,  per  kilogram 

0.  Other  manulactures: 

a.  Gilt  and  plated,  including  the  articles  especially  enumerated 

under  Xo.  8,  when  import^  as  gilt  and  silvcr-platecl,  per  kilogram 

b.  Otherwise,  per  kiiogratn 

Britannia  metal,  as  copper. 

Microscopes.     {See  Telescopes.) 

Minerals.    (See  Stone.) 

Mineral  waters.    (See  Thermal  waters.) 

Mead,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  casks,  10  per  cent.) 

Models,  not  fit  for  any  other  ase 

Musk 

Mushrooms.    (See  Champignons.) 
Masic.    (See  under  Paper.) 
Mace  and  nutmegs.    (See  Spicee.) 
Must.    (See  Juices.) 

N. 

Needles  (sewing,  embroidery,  crochet,  kniting,  and  darning  needles).    (See  lion, 

under  Metals.) 
Pins  and  hairpins.    (See  Manufaotored  metals,  A  No.  9.) 
Other  needles.    (See  Iron,  under  Metals.) 

Specimens  of  natural  history  of  all  kinds 

Nickel.    (.Sm  Metals.) 

Nitro-glycerine  and  dynamite 

Vermicelli,  macaroni,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  boxes,  24  per  cent.,  baskets,  12  per  cent.) 
Nnta,  hazel,  and  walnuts,  Para  nats,  and  other  edible  nnts,  not  otherwise  provided 

for,  per  kilogram^ 

O. 

Wafers  of  all  kinds,  including  wafer  sheets,  per  kilogram 

Oils: 

1.  Fatty  oils : 

a.  Olive  oil,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  1,200  kilograms.) 

b.  Hemp-seed  oil,  palm  oil,  oocoanut  oil,  per  Idlognun 

(In  bond,  7.800  kilograms.) 

0.  Linseed  oiC  rape-seed  oil,  sperm  oil,  oleine,  lard^  and  other  fatty  oils,  or 

oily  substances,  if  not  elsewnere  specified  in  the  tariff^  i>er  kilogram 

(In  bond,  1,800  kilograms.) 

d.  Castor-oil  (oleum  ricini) 

2.  Ethereal: 

a.  Camphene,  paraffine  oil,  photogene,  wood-oil,  and  like  illnminating  fluids, 
American  earth  or  stone  oil  (petroleum),  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  1,800  kilograms.) 

b.  Turpentine,  spike  Juniper,  and  birch  oil ;    hartshorn,  amber  oil,  and 

"  oleum  succmicum  crudum,"  per  kilogram 

(Tare  for  No.  1,  a  and  b,  and  for  No.  2,  a  and  b :  In  casks,  or  other  barrels,  single 
or  double,  for  fatty  oils,  18  per  cent ;  for  ethereal  oils,  2U  per  cent. ;  in  bottles  and 

glasses  without  other  envelope,  20  per  cent. ;  in  bottles  or  glasses  in  one  plain 
asket  with  straw,  30  per  cent. :  in  bottles  and  glasses  in  two  plain  baskets 
with  straw,  40  per  cent. ;  in  bottles  or  glasses  packed  in  sawdust  or  similar  ar- 
tide  in  boxes,  40  per  cent ;  in  earthen  jars,  30  per  cent ;  in  earthen  Jars  in 
one  plain  basket  with  straw,  40  per  cent. ;  in  earthen  Jars  in  two  plain  baskets 
with  straw,  50  per  cent.) 


Import 
duty. 


Orotons. 


0.70 
0.35 


Free. 


0.16 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


0.35 


Free. 


0.85 


0.70 
0.85 


0.17 


Free. 
Frea 


Free. 
Free. 


0.20 
0.83 

0.80 

0.08.7 
0.06 


0.06 


Free. 


0.10 
0.06.7 


1 


44 


TARII-TS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  dutieSy  fo, — Continued. 


KaiD< 
ber. 


345 

846 

347 


348 


849 


850 


851 
852 


888 
854 


855 
356 

857 
858 


850 


860 

861 
862 
363 


864 


865 
866 


867 


868 


860 
370 


•871 


872 


Oilft— Continned. 

2.  Ethereal— Continaed. 

e.  Other  ethereal  oils,  inclading  the  weight  of  the  innermost  envelope 
(bottle.Jar  or  like),  per  kilogram 

3.  Hair  oil,  inclading  the  weight  of  the  Teasel  (bottle,  Jar,  ice.),  per  kilogram. 

Oilcakes  aod  oil  floor 

Olives.    {See  Fruits.) 

Oranges.    {See  Fruits.) 

Cheese,  per  kUo)]:ram 

Ox>tongues.    {Set  Provisions,  under  Animals.) 

P. 
Paper  and  manufactures  thereof: 

1.  Writing,  drawin^r,  and  music  paper  with  lines,  and  all  kinds  of  i>aper  suitable 

for  writing  ana  drawing  paper,  white  and  colored  in  the  mass,  varnished, 
oiled,  or  prepared  in  a  like  way ;  parchment  paper  and  paper  cut  in  slips 
for  telegraphs,  per  kilogram 

2.  Paper,  printing,  all  kinds  of  paper  suitable  for  printing-i>aper,  which  do  not 

enter  into  the  foregoing  class,  white  and  colored  in  the  mass,  blotting  and 
filtering  paper ." 

3.  Pasteboard,  packing  and  wrapping  paper,  naper- waste,  pressing  pasteboard. . 

4.  Sheathing  and  roofing  paper,  puper  coated  or  covered  with  asphaltnm,  tar, 

glass,  sand,  slate,  emery,  or  like ;  also  papers  which  do  not  enter  into  any 
of  the  above  classes 

5.  Ornaments  of  stone,  pasteboard,  and  slates 

6.  Hangings,  patterns,  and  books  of  patterns  for  embroidery,  knitting,  crochet- 

work,  and  the  like  (newspapers  and  journals  excepted),  blank  forms, 
vignettes,  labels,  ruled  paper,  round  games  of  paper,  enameled  paper,  visit- 
ing cards,  tickets  for  steamers  and  the  like ;  envelopes  cut  out  and  pasted 
together ;  also  white  linen  lining,  bags  and  the  like ;  frames  with  or  with- 
out glass  for  pictures ;  paper  covere^i  with  gauze  or  other  materials,  lac- 
quered paper  and  cap  soades  thereof,  per  kiBgram 

7.  Playing  cards,  i>er  kilogram 

8.  Written  paper,  paper  money,  lines  of  exchange,  bonds,  shares  and  like  papers, 

representing  value 

0.  Paper,  bound  or  stitched,  per  kilogram 

10.  Books,  or  parts  thereof,  newspapers,  sheets  of  music,  and  other  articles  of 

paper,  piinted  or  written  (engravings,  lithographs,  &c.,  included),  not 
chargeable  under  No.  G,  bound  and  unbound 

11.  Other  manufactures  of  pasteboard  and  other  paper,  and  of  papier-maoh6,  in- 

cluding albums,  per  kilogram  

Paper,  calico.     {See  Textile  goods.) 

Papier-macb6,  manufactured.     {See  under  Paper.) 

Paper  waste,  or  shavings 

Parasols  and  umbrellas : 

1.  With  covers  of  silk  or  sUk  in  part,  per  piece 

2.  With  cover  of  other  materials,  per  piece 

3.  Frames  without  cover,  per  kilogram 

Pepper.    (jS^-e  Spices.) 

Brushes.    {See  Brush-maker's  goods.) 
Mother  of  pearl: 

1.  Unmanufactured 

.     2.  Manufactured: 

(a)  Buttons.    {SeeletterK.) 

(b)  Otherwise,  per  kilogram 

Pearls,  precious,  not  sot 

Set,  shall  be  weighed  with  the  setting  and  dutiable  at  the  same  rate. 
Necklace  of  corals,  as  corals  manufactured. 
Pipe  bowls,  tobacco  pipes,  pipe  tubes,  mouth-piecesL  irrespective  of  material,  with 
or  without  mounting  or  otner  appurtenances,  and  with  or  without  oases: 

(a)  Clay -pipes 

Tare,  cases  17  per  cent. 
Baskets,  12  per  cent. 

(b)  Other,  per  kilogram -. ».  — 

Pickles.    {See  Vegetables.) 

Pistols.    {See  under  Metals.) 
Plants,  live.     {See  Trees.) 

Plows 

Pomade,  including  the  weight  of  the  innermost  envelope  (paper,  glass,  Jars,  and 

the  like),  per  kilogram , 

,  Bittter  oranges.     {See  Fruits.) 
Porcelain.    {See  Earth  and  clay.) 
Portfolios,  as  letter  cases. 
Porter.    {See  Ale.) 
Haberdashery : 

1.  Of  silk  alone,  as  silk. 

2.  Of  silk  in  combination  with  other  materials,  whether  the  outer  part  consists 

wholly  of  silk  over  other  materials  or  of  silk  in  combination  with  other 
materials,  per  kilogram 

3.  Other,  per  kilogram 


Lnport 
duty. 


OrowfU, 


2.00 
0.67 


Free. 


a  15 


0.18 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


0.18 
0.18 


Free. 


0.27 


Free. 


0.60 


Free. 


0.75 
0.25 
0.85 


Free. 


0.80 


Free. 


a07 
0.85 


Free. 


0.85 


2.83.8 
L33.8 


TAKIPF8  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


45 


A — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  dutieSf  fc, — Continued. 


ber. 


373 


174 


375 


376 


377 
378 


379 
380 


385 


887 


380 


391 
892 


0B8.>-Bendea  the  articles  which  generally  belong  to  haberdashery,  the  following 
are  clawed  as  such :  Buttons,  covered  with  woven  or  spun  goods,  lacing,  aU  kinds 
of  woolen  ribbons  and  woolen  cords  and  hair  nets.    No  deduction  of  daty  shall  be 
Eiven  for  materials  ased  as  inner  packings  of  haberdashery. 
Pies.    {See  Animals,  &c.) 

Potash 

Potatoes 

Potatchfloor,  as  starch. 

Pottery.    {See  Earth  and  clay.) 

Preeses,  printing  presses  and  other  presses  for  lithographs,  engravings  firom  oop* 

I»er  and  steel  plates,  &o 

Sample-books,  without  samples,  as  bound  paper. 

Cushions,  as  mattresses. 

Extract  of  punch,  as  brandy. 

Sausages.    {See  Provisions,  under  Animals.) 

K. 


for  oil  paintings , 

For  oil  prints,  engravings,  and  the  like,  are  dutiable  as  manufibotuies  of  the 
material  of  wluch  they  are  piincipally  made  without  deduction  for  the 
weight  of  the  picture,  glass,  &c.    In  the  case  of  frames,  dutiable  ad  valorem, 
no  account  shall  be  taken  of  the  value  of  the  picture. 
Frames  of  paper,  covered  with  glass.    {See  Paper.) 
Bapeseed.    (^iee  Seeds.) 

Amber,  and  manufactures  thereof 

Cordage.    {See  Flax  and  hemp.) 

Cordage  of  bast,  grass,  or  rush  (according  to  material). 
Slates: 

a.  Of  Stone.    (£00  Stone.) 

b.  Of  pasteboard.    (See  Paper.) 

c.  Of  other  materials 

Travelhig  bags,  traveling  trunks,  hat  boxes,  portmantaus,  pouches,  and  similar 

bags  and  trunks  of  leather,  or  covered  with  leather,  likewise  of  wool,  cotton, 
hemp,  or  flax,  &o.,  in  combination  or  otherwise  with  leather,  or  other  material, 
per  kilogram 

Biding  whips.    {See  Saddles,  under  Skins.) 

Bice: 

In  the  husk : 

1.  Loose,  in  bulk,  per  100  kilograms 

(In  bond,  3,000  kilocrams.) 

In  bass,  &.C.,  per  Kilogram 

(In  bond,  3,000  kilograms.) 

2.  Cleaned  (nee  grit  and  ground  rice),  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  1,200  kilograms.) 

Obs. — If  cleaned  rice  and  ricerin  the  husk  be  mixed  up  when  imported,  the  pro* 
portion  of  each  kind  shall  be  taken  into  account  in  assessing  the  duty  leviable. 

3.  Bran  of  rice - 

Boe,  caviar.    {See  Provisions,  under  Animals.) 

Other 

Baisins.    ( See  Fruits. ) 

Baisin  stems. 

Shades,  rainted  or  printed.    {See  Textile  goods.) 

Boots,  eoible.     {See  Vegetables. ) 

Chicory  and  beet,  not  roast,  per  kilogram 

Boast,  and  otticr  roast  roots  used  for  coffee,  as  roast  cofBae. 
B^-stone  and  red  chidk,  as  chalk. 

Incense  and  incense  paper,  including  the  weight  of  the  envelope,  per  kilogram. . . . 
Canes,  inclutUng  reed  for  plastering,  bamboo,  rattui,  split,  ana  not  split ■ 

Plated  manufactures,  thereof,  per  kilogram 


Import 
dut^. 


Oroumt, 
Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


Freeb 


Freeb 


Fre6w 


0.80 

8.90 
0.66 
0.10 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


a07 

1.90 
0.80 


8. 
Sables.    {See  Iron,  under  Metals.) 
Saddlery.    {See  Skins.) 
Siiffron.    (See  Spices.) 
Juices  of  fruits  and  berries : 

1.  I'repared  with  sugar.    {See  Fruits.) 

2.  Other,  including  must,  containing  until  18  per  cent,  alcohol,  per  kilogram. .. 
(Tare,  casks  16  per  cent.). 

Sago  and  sago  tlour,  sakp,  ground  arrowroot,  tapioca,  pearl  and  flour,  per  kilo- 

gram 

(In  bond,  900  kilograms.) 
(Tare,  boxes,  16  per  cent.) 

Sal-ammoniac.    {See  Ammonia.) 

Saltpeter,  crude 

ChiU  saltpeter  (nitric  natron) 

Nitneadd 

Salts: 

1.  Bock  salt  or  stone  salt • 


0.20.6 
0.15 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 

Free. 


46 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  dutieSj  ^c. — Continued. 


Nam- 
ber. 


Salta — Cont^Dned. 

2.  Glauber  (as  soda). 

3.  Hartsbom  salt    (See  Ammonia.) 

805  4.  Keflned  table  salt,  in  blocks,  loaves,  and  lamps,  per  Idlogram 

396  5.  Other  salt,  for  cooking.  p<^r  hectoliter 

At  the  ports  of  Uammerfest,  vardoe,  andYadso,  per  hectcdita' 

(In  bond,  330  hectoliters.) 
807     Muriatic  acid '. 

Sauces.     (See  Spices.) 

Shellac.     (See  Unms.) 

Sails,  made  np  by  sewing.    (See  Textile  goods.) 

Twine  (as  cordage).    (Sr4:  Flax,  Sec.). 

Bed  clothes.    (See  Ma  tresses.) 

Mustard.    (See  Spices.) 

Siccative,  or  drying  oil.    (See  Vamlah.) 
898     Sieves,  per  kiiogi-am 

Silk  ana  silk  gc^s,  as  well  ns  other  textile  materials  in  combination  with  silk : 
890           1.  Twisted  and  rot  twisted,  dyed  and  not  dyed,  in  or  without  combination 
with  other  spinning  materials,  per  kilogram 

400  2.  Blonde,  bobbinct,  lace  and  gauze  of  silk  in  combination  with  other  textile 
material  (as  similar  goods  of  cotton),  per  kilogram 

401  3.  Velvet  and  other  goods  with  figures,  stripes,  &c.,  of  velvet,  in  or  without 
combination  with  other  textile  materials,  metal  or  glass  threads,  per  kilo- 
gram   

402  4.  Suk  floss  (felt  or  plush),  in  or  without  combination  with  other  textile  ma- 
terials, per  kilogram 

5.  Haberdashery.    (iSee  under  letter  P.) 
Other  goods: 

403  6.  Of  silk  alone,  or  of  silk  with  interwoven  glass  or  metal  threads,  per  kilo- 
gram • 

(In  bond,  30  kilograms.) 

Of  silk  mixed  with  other  materials : 

404  a.  When  at  least  the  half  of  the  article,  or  when  the  warp  or  the  woof. 

the  right  or  the  wrong  side  consist  of  other  materials  than  silk,  it  shall 
be  considered  consisung  of  silk  alone,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  35  kilograms.) 

b.  Otherwise,  as  other  goods  of  silk  alone. 

Ob8.— When  it  is  not  possible  to  ascertain  whether  the  half  of  the  goods  consiats 
of  other  materials  than  silk,  it  shall  be  considered  consisting  only  of  silk. 
Sirup.    (Se".  Sugar.) 

405  Rushes,  in  raw  state 

Brooms  and  brushes.    (See  Brooms.) 

406  Otherwise  mannt'iictured,  per  kilogram 

Aq^na  fortis.    (See  Nitric  acid.) 

407  Ships,  with  inventory. 

408  Tortoise  shell,  unmanufactured • 

manufactured  as  horn,  letter  b. 

Skins  and  hides : 

A.  With  hair  on,  not  specified  under  peltries,  or  dutiable  under  that  class: 
a.  Undressed,  salted,  or  otherwise. 

400  1.  Dried 

410  2.  Raw 

411  b.  Dressed,  per  kilogram 

412  3.  Manufactured,  per  kilogram 

B.  Without  hair: 

413  a.  Tannod,  including  sole  leather  and  leather  for  inner  soles,  per  kilogram 
(In  bond,  200  kilograms.) 

6.  Belting.    (See  Machinery.) 

414  c.  Otherwise,  per  kilogram 

d.  Manufactured: 

415  1.  Gloves,  sewed  and  only  cut,  also  lined  with  another  material,  per 

kilogram 

2.  Shoemakers' work: 

416  a.  Of  silk  or  of  material  combined  with  silk,  per  kilogram 

417  /3.  Of  other  material  or  of  morocco,  cordova  leather,  glazed  and 

dyed  skins,  in  combination  with  other  skins,  or  otherwise,  per 
kilogram 

y.  Of  other  skins  or  leather,  and  of  felt : 

With  soles  of  wood,  per  kilogram 

419  With  solos  of  other  material,  per  kilogram 

420  3.  Saddles,  harness,  bits,  whips  for  driving,  horsewhips;  tmsses,  per 

kilogram 

4.  Portfolios.    (See  Cases.) 

421  5.  Manufactures  not  otherwise  enumerated  shall  be  rated  as  the  skins 

and  hides  of  which  they  arc  made,  and  in  addition  thereto,  10  ner 
cent.  Skins  and  hides,  only  cut  and  not  finished  in  any  otner 
way,  curved  boot-legs  and  hat^bands  with  holes,  shall  not  be  rated 
as  skins  and  hides  manufactured. 


Import 
daly. 


Orounu. 
0.0%8 
0.86 

aiB 

Free. 


ass 
aos 

2.50 

8.47 
2.83.8 

8.47 
8.88.8 


Free. 


0.10 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


a83.8 
a37 

a23 


a46 

2.33 
2.83.8 

1.43 

0.20 
0.93 

0.60 


TAKIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


47 


A. — Xorwegian  tariff  of  impart  dutieSf  jx, — Continued. 


423 
424 


426 
437 


490 
431 


433 
433 

434 

435 
436 


437 


438 

439 

440 
441 


443 


Skiss  snd  ]iide»— €<mtmned. 

0.  Sldna  tnd  hides,  with  hair  or  feathers,  for  peltries: 

a.  Undressed: 

1.  Of  goats,  sheep,  or  Iambs,  with  the  exception  of  gray  Crimean  and 

eennine  Kalmuck  skins,  skins  of  deer,  roes,  does,  elks,  reindeer, 
kangu-ocs,  hares,  and  seal 

2.  Skins  of  beavers,  fitohets,  chinchilla,  stone-martin,  mink,  sables, 

black  and  blue  foxes,  and  otter,  per  kilogram 

3.  Other  kinds,  per  kilogram 

b.  Prepared  separate  and  sewed  together : 

1.  Skins  of  the  animals  specified  under  e  a  1,  above,  per  kilogram .... 

2.  Pennsylvania  skins,  per  kilogram 

3.  Other  skins  pay  as  nndresMd  skin  and  20  per  cent,  in  addition 

thereto, 
e.  Manufactured  peltries  are  dutiable  as  dressed  skins,  with  50  per  cent, 
in  addition  thereto.  For  cloaks  and  garments  lined  with  fur  and 
other  peltries  in  combination  with  cloth  or  other  textile  materials 
(with  tne  exception  of  caps)  shall  be  assessed  for  their  entire  weight 
as  peltries. 
Waste  of  skins  and  hides     Shoes  and  other  boots  of  felt.    (^Sm  Shoemakers'  work, 

under  Skins  and  hides.) 
Sboemakers'  goods.    {See  Skins.) 
Sboe-blackins  and  shoe  wax.    (See  Blacking.) 
Typefuander^  goods.    (See  Metals.) 
Wm-mnDB.    (See  Metals.) 
Emery.    {See  Earih  and  clay.) 

Butter,  lard,  and  fats 

Joiners'  goods.    {See  Wood.) 

Soda 

Soda  wator  (as  water  from  mineral  springs). 

Sieves. 

Soya,  as  Sauces. 

Manufactures  of  chips : 

Hats  and  caps.    {See  Hats.) 

Mats,  for  floors,  per  kilogram 

For  hats,  also  with  gauze  and  other  material,  sewed  or  pasted  on,  i>er  kilo- 
gram ...  — 

Hat  bodies,  hat  crowns,  and  hat  brims,  manufactured  thereof,  per  kilogram  . . 

Other  manufactures,  per  kilopikm 

Walking  canes,  sticks  for  pnrasols  and  umbrellas  of  all  kinds,  and  all  nnsplit canes 
which  have  been  more  finished  than  only  cut  in  certain  lengths,  and  fishmg-rods, 

per  kilogram 

Looking  glasses : 

Plate  glaas.    {See  Glass  ware.) 

Spermacets  and  candles  thereof.    {See  Whale  fat,  under  Fats  and  taUowa.) 

Caraway.    (See  Seeds.) 

Plaving  cards.    (See  Paper.) 

Blubber.    (8m  Train  oil.) 

Steel  and  steel  wire.    (See  Iron,  under  Metals.) 

Metallic  pens.    {See  Iron,  under  Metals.) 

SUves.    {See  Wood.) 

Stearine  and.stcarine  candles.    {See  Fats  and  tallows.) 

Stone  and  manufactures  thereof: 

1.  Precious  stones  and  imitations  thereof,  cut  or  polished. 

a.  Set  in  gold,  silver,  or  aluminium,  shall  be  weighed  together  with  the 

setting,  and  be  dutiable  as  therein. 

b.  Jewelrv  in  or  without  combination  with  other  metals  than  those  enum* 

erated  above  under  a,  as  Jewelry  under  metals. 

2.  All  other  kinds,  including  slates  and  slate  pencils,  plaster  of  Paris,  chalk, 
cement,  castings,  and  m^ds  of  cement,  plaster,  chalk,  or  like;  also  stone 
powdered,  ground,  or  otherwise  prepared , 

Coal,  including  coke  and  cinder 

Manufactured,  as  cut  and  polished  stone. 
Lithographs.    {See  Paper.) 
Crockery  ware.     {See  Earih  and  clay.) 

Starch  and  starch  gums  (dextrine),  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  boxes,  16  per  cent.) 
Straw: 

Manufactured. 
IMraw  flowers.    {See  Howers.) 

Mats  for  floors,  cords,  and  other  similar  coarse  plaitings  as  rash,  otherwise 

manufactured. 
Hats  and  caps.    {See  Hats.) 
Other  plaitings  than  above  enumerated. 
Manufactured. 

Trimmings  and  other  manufactures  of  straw  in  or  without  combini^on  with 
other  materials,  per  kilogram 


Import 
duty. 


Oroums, 


Free. 


2.00 
0.40 

0.20 
2.40 


Free. 
Free. 


ao7 

a40 

a40 

0.10 


ass 


Free. 
Free. 


OiOB.t 


an 


48 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  duHeSy  ^'c. — ContiDaed. 


Num- 
ber. 


443 


444 

445 
446 


447 
448 


449 
450 
451 


452 

453 
454 


455 
456 

457 


458 


459 


460 
461 
462 


463 
464 


StrinffB,  catguts,  and  silk  striuj^,  with  or  without  other  coyer,  per  kilogram 

Of  metal.    {See  MetaL) 
Straw  of  flax.    (See  Flax,  &,o. ) 
Orange  peel,    {oee  Fruit«  in  sugar.) 
Sugar  and  simp : 

1.  Sugar,  in  whole  or  crushed  loaves,  squares,  or  cakes,  and  sugar-candy,  per 

kilogram 

(In  bond,  240  kilograms.) 

2.  Other  snear: 

a.  Light,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  240  tulograms.) 

b.  Dark,  also  dissolved  and  other  liquid  sugar  (including  the  Juice  before 

the  sugar  was  separated),  which  cannot  be  classed  as  common  sirup 

or  molasses,  sugar  of  grapes  or  starch,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  325  kilograms.) 

(Tare  for  No.  1  and  2,  a  and  b ;  for  paper  with  or  without  twine  no  tare  shall 

be  allowed ;  boxes  candy,  12  per  cent. ;  other  sugar,  15  per  cent.) 
8.  Sirup: 

a.  Common  simp  and  molasses,  per  kilogjam 

(In  bond,  1,200  kilogi-ams.) 
(Tare,  casks,  12  per  cent.) 

Capillairc,  mulberry,  rose,  violet  sirup  and  other  like  sirups,  per  kilogram 
Sugars,  ligDter  than  the  standards  which  will  be  forwarded  by  the  treasury  de- 
partment to  the  ports  of  entry  and  correspond  with  the  Amsterdam  standard  No. 
20  shall  be  classed  as  "other  light  sugai-s." 

If  the  same  package  contains  sugars  dutiable  at  different  rates  the  whole  lot 
shall  be  dutiable  at  the  highest  rate.    A  package  containing  crystallized  sugar, 
together  with  simp  and  molasses,  shall  oe  entirely  duldable  as  "other  dark 
sugars,"  if  over  a  fourth  of  the  total  weight  is  solid  su^r. 
Confectionery,  including  drops  and  other  like  preparations  of  sugar,  per  kilogram 

Mineral  spiing  water  or  mineral  water 

Sponges  (washing  sponges),  per  kilogram 

Pranes.    (See  Fruits.) 
Bristles.    {See  Hair.) 

Brimstone  and  sulphur  flours 

Lucifers,  as  matches. 

Sulphuric  acid  (vitriol  oil). 

Blackings  of  all  kinds  (the  duty  on  blacking  for  boots  and  shoes  Ib  payable  on  the 

weight  of  the  innermost  packing,  envelope  as  well). 
Work-boxes,  with  implements,    (tfea  Cases.) 
Whips.    {See  under  Skins.) 
Soap: 

Soft,  per  kilogram 

Transparent,  per  kilogram 

Otherwise,  per  kilogram » 

(In  bond,  1,200  kilograms.) 
(Tare,  casks  and  boxes,  12  percent.) 
Bags,  sewed.    {See  Textile  goods.) 
Litharge.    {See  Dyes  Xo.  4.) 

T. 

Tiles  for  roofing.    {See  Earth  and  clay.) 

Tallow  candles.    {See  Fats  and  tallows.) 

Tamarinds.    {See  Fruits.) 

Tapioca.    {See  Sa^^o.) 

Catguts.     {See  Strings.) 

Slates.    {See  Stone.) 

Pocket-books.    (iS^^^  Letter-cases. ) 

Telegraph  apparatus  and  telegraph  cables,  telephones 

Turi)ontino.     {See  Gums  and  rosin.) 

T(?rra  japoiiica.    ()S<?<;  Catechu.) 

Tea,  p«  r  kilo«;ram 

(In  boml,  60  kilograms.) 

(Taro,  boxt'B  lin(xl  with  lead,  25  per  cent.) 

Oxide  oftiu 

Salts  of  tin 

Tar  of  wood  and  coal , 

"Bright  varDish,"  as  turpentine.    {See  Gums  and  resins.) 
Tobacco: 

Stems,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  150  kilograms.) 
In  leaf  and  not  stemmed,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  150  kilograms.) 

Tobacco'in  leaf  sweetened  is  equal  to  tobacco  in  leaf  unsweetened  as  regards  the 
quantity  in  bond. 

(Tare  for  stems  and  tobacco  in  leaf  and  not  stemmed;  hides,  8  per  cent.;  rush, 
with  or  without  bagging,  10  per  cent.;  baskets,  3  per  cent.,  bagging,  2  per  cent. 
Casks:  (a)  when  the  article  is  imported  ftrom  a  place  in  Europe,  8  percent.;  (b) 
when  imported  from  a  place  out  of  Europe,  12  per  cent.) 


Import 
duty. 


Orotim*. 
L16  0 


0.44 
0.44 

0.86 

0.0&7 
0.58 


a46.6 


Free. 


2.67 


l*Yee. 


0.03.8 

0.80 

0.10 


Iteeb 


L60 


Free. 
Free. 
Free. 


L25 
L25 


TARIFFS   OF    THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


49 


A. — Norwegian  tariff  of  import  dutieSf  ^o.~Continn6d. 


ber. 


4«5 
4m 
467 

468 

4m 

470 
471 


472 
473 

474 


475 

479 
477 
478 


479 


480 
481 


482 
463 

484 

485 
486 

487 


489 


490 


491 
492 

493 
484 


Sniifr,per)dlotn^un • , 

(Tare  in  bottlee  andjan.  50  per  cent.;  other  envelopee,  15  per  cent.) 

Cinrsand  cigarettea,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  boxea  25  per  cent) 
Smoking  tobacco,  chewing  tobacco,  and  mannfactnred  tobaoco  of  all  descrip- 
tions, per  kilogram , 

No  tare  shall  be  allowed  for  paper  or  other  envelope  of  smoking  and  chewing 
tobacco. 

Torpedoes  and  electric  apparatus  for  nse  in  sabroarine  mines 

Cordage  (according  to  material). 
Train  oil. 

Train  lye.    {See  Lye  of  fats.) 
Tripoli.    (See  Earth.) 
Wood  and  wooden  ware. 

1.  Poles,  flUeu  and  frames  with  real  and  false  gilding,  likewise,  if  the  weight 
of  each  piece  docs  not  exceed  14  kilograms,  ratters,  bowls,  boxes,  cniet« 
stands,  sewing  and  dressing  cases  without  nttings,  carving  and  similar 

small  articles,  per  kilogram 

2.  Fillets,  ornamented,  not  gilt,  per  kilogram 

S.  Tamers'  goods,  with  or  without  fittings,  rings,  &c.,  combs  (also  of  cocoa  or 
other  nuts). 

a.  Blockis  tools  and  parts  thereof^  spools 

6.  Spinning  wheeU  and  other  simple  tamers'  work, such  as  lei^s  for  fomi- 

tare,  per  kilogram 

e.  Ivory  turners'  goods,  penholders  of  wood  of  all  kinds,  combs,  per  kilo- 
gram   

4.  Carved  goods,  weighinji;  over  1. 5  kOograms  per  piece,  as  ftimitnre. 

5.  Basket-work  of  ozier  and- willows.    (i8^  Baskets.; 
8.  Fomiture,  with  cushions  and  scats : 

a.  Of  walnut,  mahogany,  and  other  foreign  woods,  as  well  as  veneered 

with   the  same,  irrespective  of  the  Kind  of  wood,  rcml  or  iroitaUon 
gilding,  and  lacqaered,  per  kilogram 

b.  Ofnr  and  pine,  also  in  combination  with  small  parts  of  other  domestic 

woods  without  veneering,  per  kilogram   

e.  Of  beach  and  other  domestic  woods,  as  well  as  veneering  of  these  woods, 

per  kilogram.  

To  the  article  in  other  cases  than  that  specified  in  letter  b  composed  of  different 
kinds  of  wood,  it  shall  be  dutiable  as  if  entirely  made  of  the  wood  which  pays 
the  highest  duty. 

Fumitare  covered  wiUi  silk,  or  silk  in  combination  with  other  materials,  shall 
pay  additional  duty  of  10  percent,  whereas  for  other  covers  no  additional  duty 
shall  be  charged. 

7.  Staves,  manufactured,  and  other  coopers' goods,  ad  valorem 

At  the  poits  of  Uammerfest,  Vardoe,  and  Tadso 

Manufactured  staves  or  such  as  are  shaved,  as  well  as  grooved,  that  is,  provided 
with  incisions  for  the  bottoms,  and  the  bottom  pieces  belonging  to  such  oottoms, 
or  bottoms  Joined  together. 

Allother  wooden  ware,  not  otherwise  specified 

Trees,  banhoi*,  pbints,  live 

Tmfiies.    (See  Champignons,) 
Indian  ink.    (See  Dyes,  &«.) 
Textile  gooda: 
1.  Painted,  lacqucrfKl,  varnished  goods,  impregnated  or  worked  with  india-rub- 
ber, gutta  percha,  or  oil,  likewiiie  materiskls  covered  with  paper  pulp : 

a.  Emery  cloth  and  sand  cloth 

b.  CMpets,  tarpaulines,  other  goods  of  which  a  i-meter  square  weighs  470 

grams  or  over,  per  kilogram 

c.  Bookbinders'  cloth 

d.  Roller  blinds,  per  kilogram 

e.  Oil-skin  and  other  goods,  wholly  or  in  part  of  silk,  per  kilogram 

/.  Oil-cloth  and  other  goods,  not  included  in  any  of  the  above  five  classes, 

per  k  ilogram 

2.  Hade  up  or  otherwise  put  together,  which  cannot  be  classed  as  dress-goods, 
shall  pay  dutv  according  to  matenal  with  an  addition  of  10  per  cent    But 
no  addition  shall  be  charged  for  sails  and  bags,  and  when  the  articles  are 
only  stemmed  tir  bound  j 
Hoops,  for  barrels     (See  Wood.) 
Peat 


IT. 
Watches,  clocks : 

1.  Ladies'  watches  and  pocket  watches,  including  pocket  chronometers,  per 

piece 

2.  Clocks,  with  or  without  glass  and  stands: 

a.  In  cane  of  metal  or  porcelain: 

a.  Not  weighing  over  8  kilograms,  per  kilogram 

p.  Over  that  weight,  per  kilogram 

b.  In  esses  of  other  materials: 

a   Not  weighing  o  >er  5  kilo^p^ms,  per  kilogi-am ■ 

fi.  Over  that  weight,  in;r  piece 

1784  CONG — A  P 4 


Import 
duty. 


Oroumt. 
1.60 

2.60 
1.60 
Free. 


a28 

a  10 


Free. 


0.18 
0.18 


0.18 
0.02 
0.0&6 


10  per  cent 
6  percent. 


Fre«. 
Free. 


Free. 


0.13 


Free. 


1.07 
2.67 

0.87 


Free. 


LOO 


LOO 
8.00 

LOO 
6.00 


50 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


A. — Xorwegian  tariff  of  export  duUe9f  ^o. — Continued. 


Watches,  clocks — Continued. 

3.  Clocks  for  towers  are  dutiable  as  other  goods  of  the  same  materials. 

495  4.  Other  clocks,  per  kilogram 

496  5.  Clock-works  put  together  without  cases,  per  kilogram 

6.  Clock  cases  of  wood,  as  joiners'  work. 

Clock  cases  of  other  roaterialn  aa  clocks : 

407  7.  FaceH  for  the  clocks  specitied  under  No.  4,  above,  per  kilogram 

8.  Single  parts  of  clocks  and  clock-works,  according  to  material.    Weights  for 
clocks  shall  be  rated  separately. 
Wool  and  woolen  goods : 

498  1.  Wool 

2.  Woolen  yai  n : 

490  a.  Not  d ved,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  450  kilo^iara.)  • 

600  6.  D.ved,  also  yam  of  all  descriptions  combined  with  metal  threads,  per 

kilogram  ..'. 

(In  bond,  300  kilograms  ) 
501  3.  Felts  for  machires,  felts  for  paper  machines,  cloth-lists 

602  Other  felts  per  kilojirara 

603  Carpets  and  niateriiils  for  carpets,  bed-quilts,  saddle-girths,  and  woTen  girths, 
per  kilogram  

(In  bond,  200  kilogi-ams.) 
Hats.    (See  letter  H.) 

6.  Knit  goods,  knitte:!,  croched,  netted,  or  woven: 

604  a.  Stockin;;s,  under-shirts,  gloves,  coarse,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  225  kilograms.) 

605  b.  Other,  including  woolen  scarfs  of  all  kinds,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  70  kilograms.) 

Obb. — Stockings  are  reckoned  as  coarse  when  they  have  a  length  of  60  centimeters 

from  the  heel  and  weigh  160  grams  or  mure  per  pair,  and  other  lengths  in  the  same 
proportion;  gloves  are  reckoned  as  coarKO  when  they  have  not  more  than  one  or 
two  tingeis.  Sbirtsare  considered  coarse  wh(»u  each  one  with  a  length  of  60  centi- 
meters or  more  weighs  360  grams,  and  other  lengths  in  the  same  proportion. 

7.  Haberdashery.     ((S'e*  letter  P.) 

606  8.  Ribbons  and  textile  goods  interwoven  with  india-rubber,  gutta-peroha,  and 
the  like  and  belts  thereof  (as  like  cotton  goods),  per  kilogram 

607  9.  Blonde,  bobbiuet,  lace,  and  gauze  (as  similar  goods  of  cotton),  per  kilogram. . 

608  10.  Other  open  or  clear  goods,  if  either  embroidered  or  woven  in  patterns, 
tigures,  stripes,  or  squares  (embroidery  on  canvas  excepted),  per  kilogram . . 

Ob8. — Goods  shall  be  dutiable  as  open  or  clear,  if  intervals  of  a  minimum  thick- 
ness of  one  thread  can  be  distinguished  between  the  single  threads  outside  the  em- 
broidery, or  the  interwoven  close  figures,  stripes,  &c.,  or,  if  this  be  impossible, 
when  a  piece  of  one-half  meter  square  only  20  grams  or  less. 
11.  Other  woolen  goods : 
600  a.  Embroidered  with  silk  or  thread  of  metal,  per  kilogram 

610  •         b.  Or  herwise,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  75  kilograms.) 

Obs.— Woolen  goods  in  combination  with  silk  (see  silk  goods),  woolen  goods  in 

combination  with  hair  (provided  they  are  not  rated  under  '*  hair"),  or  other  spin- 
ning materials,  shall  be  rated  as  woolen  goods. 

V. 
Walnuts.    (See  Nuts.) 

611  Watergloss        

Vanilla.     (See  Spires.) 

Scales.    (See  lustruments  for  weighing  and  msMuring.) 

Vermicelli.    (See  Italian  paste.) 

Ozier.     (See  Wood.) 

612  Wines  in  casks  or  bottles,  per  kilogram 

(In  bond,  7  kiloyjams  ) 
(Tare,  casks  10  per  cent.) 

613  Wine  in  bottles,  per  liter 

Lees  of  wine  and  mother  of  wine : 

Fluid,  as  wine. 
514           Mixed  with  oatmeal  or  flour  of  rye  in  proportions  of  13  hectograms  to  1  hecto- 
liter  

615  Dry. 

Grapes.    (iSeef  Fruits.) 

Tartar  (crude  and  refined),  including  crystalli  tartari  and  cremor  tartarl 

Tartaric  acid,  as  citric  acta. 

617  Vetch. 
Game.     (See  Animals.) 

Bows  for  violins  and  other  bows  for  musical  instruments.    (See  Instruments.) 
Frankincense.    (See  Gums.) 

Wire  and  wire-hands.    (<SV  Metals  manufactured  A.  No.  15.) 
Visiting  cards.     (See  Paper.) 

618  Vitriol,  of  all  kinds 

Vitriol  oil.     (See  Sulphuric  acid.) 
Carriages  and  carts: 

619  1.  Tram-cars  of  all  kinds,  locomotives  included 


Ortnofu. 

0.67 
2.S8.3 


0.67 


Free. 


0.18 


0.20 


Free. 


0.80 
0.47 

0.27 
L07 


LOT 
2.60 

L76 


2.38.8 
0.80 


Free. 


ai&6 
0.20.5 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


51 


A. — N'orwegian  tariff  of  import  duties,  jrc — CootiDued. 


520 
521 
522 

523 

524 
62.> 

526 
527 


528 


529 
590 

532 


Cairiagefl  and  cnrtA — CoDtlDued. 

2.  Childivn'a  carriai^ea,  per  piece 

3.  CartH,  with  two  or  four  wheels,  handcarts  and  wheelbarrows 

4.  Carriages,  without  apholslerers'  work  or  leather  work,  per  piece 

Cairiages  with  npholsten'rs'  work. 

a.  Four-wheeled,  wholly  or  half  roofed,  IncludiDg  calashes  \rith  fixed  or 

movable  heads,  per  piece 

Ot  her  four-wheeled  carnages,  per  piece 

h.  Two-wheeled  carriages,  per  piece 

Grease.    {See  Lyes  of  fats.) 

Wax 

Wax  candles  and  wax  tapers,  per  kilogram 

Oil-cloth  and  oil-skio.    (See  Textile  goods.) 

Wicks.    {See  Cotton  goods.) 

Shuttles,  healds,  and  pickets 

Z. 
Bulbs.    {See  Flowers.) 
Beer  of  all  kinds,  such  as  porter,  ale,  &o. : 

In  bottles  or  Jugs,  per  liter 

In  other  vessels,  per  kilogram 

(Tare,  casks  19  percent.) 
Articles  not  belonging  to  any  of  the  above  specified' 


Import 
duty. 


Orovms. 
2.50 
Free. 

8.0O 


80.00 

80.00 

8.00 


Free. 


0.13 


Free. 


0.21 
0.17 

10  percent 


B.— TariJT  of  export  duties. 


Anchovies,  as  salted  fish,  1  hectoliter 

Wood  for  hoops,  as  lumber. 

Bark,  per  ship  ton 

Bone,  per  ship  ton 

(Fuel.)    Firewood,  as  lumber. 
Bottom  pieces  for  casks,  as  lumber. 
Fish: 

1.  Dried  and  smoked,  per  100  kilograms 

2.  Cured,  per  100  kilograms 

3.  Salted,  of  all  kinds,  in  barrels,  filled  and  not  filled,  per  hectoliter 

4.  Salted  in  open  sea  and  outside  the  coast,  and  then  exported 

Lobster,  per  piece 

Clap-board,  as  lumber. 

Spawn  or  roe 

Staves,  as  lumber. 

Train  oil. 

Timber  and  lumber  of  all  kinds: 

a.  Pieces  of  over  19  decimeters  in  length,  per  ship  ton 

6.  Smaller  pieces,  per  ship  toA 

c  In  rafts,  per  cubic  meter 


Export 
duty. 


OrcwM. 
0.02^ 

0.031 
O.FO 


Free. 


0.27 
0.09 
0.02| 


0.001 


Free. 


0.80 

0.031 

0.30 


The  duty  will  be  charged  on  as  many  tons  as  are  given  in  the  vessel's 
register  when  the  customs  officers  regard  it  as  fully  loaded,  that  is, 
when  the  hold  of  the  vessel  is  fully  loaded  with  timber,  or  it  may  be 
judged  that  it  would  have  been  fully  loaded  if  the  deck  cargo  also  had 
been  loaded  in  the  hold.  In  the  opposite  case  the  duty  shall  be  assessed 
on  the  real  quality  loaded  in  the  vessel,  whether  tlie  cargo  be  stored  on 
the  deck  or  the  hohl,  at  the  same  time  never  paying  for  more  tons  than 
are  entered  on  the  shi])'s  register.  No  duty  shall  be  charged  wiien  the 
lumber  occupies  less  than  one  ton's  space. 

If  lumber  dutiable  at  different  rates  of  export  duty  be  exported  in  the 
same  vessel,  such  duty  shall  be  charged : 

A.  For  the  whole  lot  at  the  lower  rate  where  the  lumber  dutiable  at 
the  higher  rate  consists  only  of  boards  to  cover  the  deck  cargo  or  spars 
necessary  for  the  shii)'s  use. 

B.  For  the  cargo  below  deck  at  the  lower  rate  and  for  the  deck  cargo 
at  the  higher,  when  the  former  consists  exclusively  of  pieces  not  exceed- 


1)2  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

ipg  19  decimeters  in  length,  find  the  latter  of  wooden  goods  of  greater 
length  for  the  most  part  than  mentioned  in  letter  A,  according  to  which 
estimate  the  cargo  under  deck  shall  be  estimated  at  seven-eighths  and 
the  cargo  on  deck  at  one^eighth  of  the  meaisured  tonnage  of  the  vessel. 

C.  In  other  cat  as  for  the  whole  lot  at  the  higher  rate. 

Articles  not  belonging  to  any  classes  subject  to  export  duty  shall  be 
exempt  of  duty. 

We  hereby  most  graciously  order  that  the  foregoing  decree  of  the 
Storthing  shall  be  put  in  full  force. 

Given  at  the  palace  of  Stockholm  on  the  18th  of  June.  1881. 

Under  the  seal  of  the  Kingdom. 

In  the  absence  of  His  Majesty,  my  most  gracious  King  and  Lord. 

GUSTAF. 

E.  KiCRULF. 

Lehmann. 


GERMANY. 

THE  OERMAV  TAEIFF. 


ENGLISH  TRANSLATION,  BT  CONSUL-GENERAL  KREISSMANN,  OF  BERLIN,  OF  THE 
GERMAN  TARIFF  ACT  AND  CUSTOMS  TARIFF,  APPROVED  JULY  15,  1870. 

AN  ACT  in  relation  to  the  customs  tariff  of  the  German  customs  territory  and  the 
reveniies  from  customs  and  from  taxation  of  tobacco.     (Approved  July  15,  1879.) 

Section  1.  On  imported  goods  duties  shall  be  levied  in  accordance 
with  the  subjoined  tariff,  which  shall  be  in  lieu  of  the  customs  union 
tariff  of  the  Ist  of  October,  1870,  and  the  act  amending  the  same,  ap- 
proved July  7,  1873  (Bulletin  of  the  laws  of  the  Empire,  page  241). 

This  act  shall  take  effect — 

First.  Immediately  as  to  the  following  tariff  numbers,  viz,  No.  6  (iron, 
&c.).  No.  14  (hops).  No.  15  (instruments,  &c.),  No.  23  (candles);  also  as 
to  the  articles  contained  in  No.  25  of  the  tariff  (groceries),  with  the  excep- 
tion of  those  articles  designated  in  the  item  q  2  of  said  No.  25;  likewise 
as  to  the  articles  coming  under  No.  26  c  of  the  tariffs  (fats),  and  as  to 
No.  29  (petroleum).  No.  37  (animals,  &c.),  and  No.  39  (live  stock); 

Second.  On  the  1st  of  October,  1879,  as  to  the  articles  contained  un- 
der No.  9  <?,  e,/ (grain,  &c.),  and  No.  13  a  to/ (wood)  of  the  tariff; 

Third.  On  the  1st  of  July,  1880,  as  to  No.  8  of  the  tariff,  flax  and  other 
vegetable  spinning  materials,  with  the  exception  of  cotton,  raw,  dried, 
broken,  or  heckled;  also  as  waste; 

Fourth.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1880,  as  to  the  remaining  articles 
enumerated  in  the  tariff,  including  those  hereinbefore  excepted  in  the 
first  clause. 

Sec.  2.  Duties  by  weight  shall  be  collected  from  the  gross  weight — 

a.  Whenever  the  tariff  shall  expressly  so  provide ; 

b.  When  the  duty  on  the  goods  does  not  exceed  6  marks  on  100  kilo- 
grams. Otherwise  the  duties  by  weight  shall  be  levied  on  the  basis  of 
the  net  weight. 

In  ascertaining  the  net  weight  of  liquids,  the  weight  of  their  imme- 
diate receptacles  (casks,  bottles,  jars,  &c.)  shall  not  be  deducted.  As 
regards  sirups,  the  present  existing  regulations  shall  remain  in  force. 

For  the  other  kinds  of  goods,  the  percentage  of  the  gross  weighty  ac- 
cording to  which  the  net  weight  shall  be  computed,  shall  be  prescnbed 
by  the  Federal  Council. 

Sec.  3.  The  Federal  Council  shall  have  power  to  provide  that  the  aa- 
certainment  and  liquidation  of  duties  on  the  goods  embraced  in  tbi^ 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  53 

items,  No.  2  c  and  22  a,  &,  e,  and /of  the  tariff  sliall  occur  at  such  cus- 
tom-houses only  as  may  be  designated  for  the  purpose,  unless  the  par- 
ties concerned  shall  be  prepared  to  pay  the  highest  rates  of  duty  pre- 
scribed in  said  item. 

Sec.  4.  Duty-free  shall  be — 

a.  Packages  of  goods  imported  from  abroad  by  mail,  weighing  250 
grams  and  less,  gross  weight. 

b.  All  goods  subject  to  duty  by  weight  in  quantities  of  less  tban  50 
grams.  Duties  of  less  amount  than  5  pfennige  shall  in  no  case  be  col- 
lected; duties  of  greater  sums  shall  be  collected  only  to  the  extent  as 
said  sums  can  be  divided  by  5,  omitting  any  excess  in  pfennige.  The 
federal  council  shall  have  power  in  all  the  premises  herein  set  forth  to 
impose  local  restrictions  in  case  of  abuse. 

Sec.  5.  The  following  articles  shall  remain  free  from  duties  of  import 
provided  the  conditions  precedent  for  the  exemption  of  the  same  Irom 
duty  shall  exist: 

First.  Products  of  agriculture  and  of  live-stock  raising,  derived  from 
such  premises  located  beyond  the  limits  of  the  customs  territory,  as 
shall  be  managed  from  dwelling-houses  or  farm  buildings  situated  with- 
in said  limits,  under  like  conditions ;  also  the  products  of  forest-culture, 
provided  the  premises  situate  beyond  the  limits  of  the  customs  territory 
form  a  part  of  the  premises  within  the  same. 

Second.  Wearing  a])parel  and  clothes  already  used  and  not  imported 
for  sale;  household  utensils  and  effects  alreadj'  used,  factory  imple- 
ments and  tools  already  used,  of  persons  arriving  in  the  customs  terri- 
tory, and  when  intended  for  like  purposes  by  said  persons ;  by  special 
permission,  also,  new  wearing  apparel,  clothes,  and  effects,  so  far  as  the 
same  constitute  articles  with  which  persons  from  abroad  have  famished 
themselves,  who,  by  reason  of  their  marriage,  may  take  up  their  abode 
in  the  country. 

Third.  By  special  permission,  also,  household  utensils  and  effects 
already  used,  when  obtained  by  inheritance  and  imported  upon  proper 
evidence  to  that  effect. 

Fourth.  Traveling  effects,  wearing  apparel,  clothes,  &c.,  which  trav- 
elers, drivers  of  vehicles,  and  sailors  carry  with  them  jbr  their  own  use, 
also  tools  carried  by  journeying  mechanics,  as  well  as  fixtures  and  in- 
struments of  traveling  artists  used  by  the  same  in  the  pursuit  of  their 
vocations ;  further,  articles  of  like  description  sent  in  advance  of  or 
following  the  arrival  of  the  persons  aforesaid ;  likewise  articles  of  food 
for  consumption  by  persons  traveling. 

Fifth.  Vehicles,  including  rolling-stock  of  railroads  employed  in  cut- 
ting the  line  for  the  transportation  of  persons  and  goods,  and  entering 
for  no  other  purpose ;  also  rolling-stock  of  domestic  railroad  companies 
returning  empty,  and  the  rolling  stock  already  in  service  of  railroad 
companies  of  other  countries. 

By  special  permission,  carriages  of  travelers,  even  if  the  same,  when 
imported,  did  not  serve  as  the  means  for  carrying  their  owners,  pros  ided 
proper  evidence  be  produced  of  the  previous  use  thereof  by  said  owners, 
as  well  as  of  the  further  use  by  the  same.  Horses  and  other  animals 
if,  from  the  use  made  of  the  same  on  entering  it  shall  be  evident  that 
they  belong  as  beasts  of  draught  or  burden  to  traveling  orheavy  wagons, 
or  serve  in  transporting  goods  or  carrying  passengers. 

Sixth.  Enijity  barrels,  sacks,  and  the  like,  either  brought  in  from  other 
coantries  with  a  view  of  re-exportation  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing' 
oil,  grain,  &c.,  or  returned  from  other  countries  after  oil,  &c.,  has  been 
e^cported  therein,  jjrovided  that  their  identity  in  either  case  be  estab- 
h«hed,  and,  if  deemed  requisite,  payment  of  the  import  duties  secured. 


54  TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAX.   COUNTRIES. 

But  no  proof  of  identity  sball  be  required  in  the  case  of  any  empty 
sacks,  barrels,  &c.,  already  used,  in  relation  to  which  no  doubt  exists 
that  they  have  served  as  the  means  of  exporting  grain,  &c.,  or  are  in- 
tended to  be  used  as  such  in  exporting  grain,  &c. 

Seventh.  Sample  cards  and  samples  in  cut  pieces,  or  otherwise,  solely 
tit  for  use  as  such. 

Eighth.  Objects  for  art  imported  for  exhibitions  or  for  State  and  other 
public  art  institutions  and  collections,  also  other  objects  imported  for 
the  libraries  and  other  scientific  collections  of  public  institutions,  like- 
wise natural  curiosities  intended  for  scientific  collections. 

Ninth.  Antiquarian  objects  (antiquer  antiquities),  provided  the  char- 
acter of  the  same  shall  admit  of  no  doubt  that  the  value  thereof  con- 
sists in  age  and  are  not  fitlor  any  other  use  or  purpose  than  for  collections. 

Tenth.  Materials  used  for  building,  repairing,  or  equipping  seagoing 
vessels,  inclusive  of  the  ordinary  ship-fixtures,  subject,  however,  to  such 
regulations  appertaining  to  the  same  as  the  Federal  Council  prescribe. 

As  regards  metal  articles  used  tor  purj)oses  aforesaid,  the  provisions 
now  existing  in  the  premises  shall  remain  in  force. 

Sec.  C.  On  goods  coming  from  countries  that  treat  German  vessels, 
or  goods  of  German  origin,  more  unfavorably  than  the  vessels  or  goods 
of  other  nations,  no  treaty  stipulations  to  the  contrary,  an  additional 
duty,  not  exceeding  50  per  cent,  of  the  amount  of  duty  prescribed  in 
the  tariff  in  pursuance  of  this  act,  may  be  imposed.  Such  additional 
duty  shall  be  levied  by  imperial  decpee,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the 
Federal  Council. 

Upon  the  issue  thereof,  said  decree  shall  at  once  be  communicated  to 
the  Reichstag,  if  in  session,  otherwise  it  shall  be  so  communicated  to  the 
Eeichstag  at  the  beginning  of  the  first  session  of  the  same  subsequent 
thereto. 

Failing  to  pass  the  Reichstag,  said  decree  shall  cease  to  have  any 
force  and  eft'ect. 

Sec.  7.  First.  For  the  goods  designated  in  No.  9  of  tlie  tariff  (grain, 
&c.),  if  the  same  be  intended  for  sale  exclusively  outside  of  the  customs 
territory,  it  shall  be  permitted  to  establish  transit  storehouses,  not  sub- 
ject to  official  restrictions ;  in  which  storehouses  the  handling  and  re- 
packing of  the  goods  there  stored  may  freely,  and  without  requiring 
declaration,  occur,  and  where  the  said  goods  may  be  mixed  with  domes- 
tic produce.  And  it  is  hereby  provided  that  in  exporting  the  goods 
so  mixed  the  percentage  of  the  foreign  produce  contained  in  the  mixture 
shall  be  regarded  as  the  quantity  entitled  to  i)ass  free  of  duty.  But 
such  transit  storehouses  for  goods  of  the  description  aforesaid  may  also 
be  permitted  to  be  established  regardless  of  the  fact  whether  the  same 
are  intended  to  be  shipped  for  sale  beyond  or  into  the  customs  terri- 
tory.    ' 

Second.  Like  provisions  respecting  transit  storehouses  as  those  pre- 
scribed in  the  clause  1  of  this  section  shall  apply  to  the  wood  enumer- 
ated in  No.  13  c  of  the  tariff.  The  closing  in  of  the  places  for  storing  in 
the  premises  may  be  dispensed  with.  Likewise  may  the  woods  coming 
under  No.  B  c  1  of  the  tariff  be  temporarily  removed  from  their  place 
of  storage,  and.  after  having  been  subject  to  a  process  resulting  in  their 
classification  under  No.  2  e,  returned  to  said  place  of  storage. 

In  the  case  of  building  and  cabinet  woods  imported  in  rafts  and 
shipped,  under  permit,  to  a  further  point,  the  Federal  Council  may  pro- 
vide facilitations  in  the  mode  of  complying  with  the  customs  tormalities 
as  ])rescribed  in  general. 

Third.  For  mill  products  (No.  25  q  of  the  tariff),  when  exported,  a 
drawback  of  the  import  duty  for  foreign  grain  shall  be  allowed  propor- 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


55 


tionate  to  tbe  percentage  of  foreign  grain  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
said  products,  and  for  the  flour  exported  when  certified,  foreign  grain 
cofrespondiog  in  weight  to  the  amount  of  grain  required  for  producing 
said  flour  shall  be  admitted  free  of  dut^'.  The  proper  relative  propor- 
tions in  the  premises  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Federal  CouDcil. 

Fourth.  Full  regulations  in  the  premises  (sections  108  aud  109,  sec- 
tions 115  and  118  of  the  act  approved  July  1, 1879),  including  more  par- 
ticularly the  lequirements  to  be  imposed  on  the  persotos  keeping  store- 
houses as  aforesaid,  shall  be  made  by  the  Federal  Council. 

Sec.  8.  All  revenues  derived  from  customs  duties  and  the  tax  on 
tobacco  which  shall  exceed  the  sum  of  130,000,000  marks  per  annum 
shall  be  distributed  to  the  several  states  in  like  manner  in  proportion 
to  the  population  as  the  same  are  required  to  contribute  tbeir  money 
quota  to  the  general  expenditures  of  the  empire. 

Distribution  shall  be  made  in  ticcordance  with  the  quarterly  and  an- 
nual statements  of  accounts  required  by  article  39  of  the  constitution  of 
the  empire,  but  subject  to  a  final  settlement  between  the  treasury  of 
the  empire  and  the  several  states.  This  provision  shall  take  effect  on 
the  1st  of  April,  1880. 

If  the  revenues  collected  from  customs  duties  and  the  tax  on  tobacco 
within  the  period  of  time  from  October  1,  1879,  to  March  31, 1880,  shall 
exceed  the  sum  of  52,651,815  marks,  the  amount  exceeding  said  sum 
shall  be  credited  to  the  money  quota  required  of  the  several  states  in 
proportion  to  their  respective  population. 


GERMAN  CUSTOMS  TARIFF. 


CommoditiM. 


I.—WaiU. 

m.  Waste  from  manufacture  of  iron  (scraps,  filinp[s),  from  sheet-iron,  tinned 
and  zinekedinm ;  waste  from  glass  works,  also  broken  glass  and  earthen- 
ware; from  the  manufactore  of  wax ;  of  ROap  factories,  the  lye ;  of  tan- 
neries, the  leather  parings,  also  old  worn-out  pieces  and  other  leather- 
waste  fit  for  manufacturing  purposes  

b.  Bloo<1  of  Hlaughtoicd  animal.'*,  liiiiiid  or  dry:  sinews,  malt,  reMdaums, 

distillers' wash;  chaff,  bran;  maU sprouts;  hard  coal-ashes ;  dang, ani- 
mal and  other  manures.  sucIj  as  soaked  ashes,  limo  ashes,  sugar-bakers' 

clay,  and  boues  of  aniroaU  of  wbatevir  kind 

yoTK  TO  &.— Otherwise  datiablc  artificial  roanulactures  aud  dang  salts, 
are.  by  special  permit  and  control  of  their  uac,  admitted  duty  f«)e. 

c.  Rag?«  of  all  kinds:  paper  shavings,  written  and  printed  waste  paper;  old 

fifthing  nets,  oUl  ropes  and  conla :  picked  lint 

XoTK.— Waste,  not  specially  enumerat<>d,  is  treated  as  the  raw  materials 
from  which  it  is  derived. 

II. — Ck>Uon  and  mant^faeturet  of  eotton. 

«.  Cotton,  raw.  carded,  combed,  dyed  

*.  Cotton  wadding 100  kilos. . 

t.  Cotton  yam,  unmixed  or  mixed  with  linen,  silk,  wool,  or  other  vegetable 
or  animal  spinning  material : 

1.  Single  twist,  law,  up  to  No.  17,  English 100  kilos. . 

Above  No.  17  to  No.  45,  English do 

Above  No.  45  to  Ko.  60,  English do 

Above  No.  60  to  No.  79,  English do 

Above  No. 79 -.   do 

2.  Double  twist  raw,  up  to  Xo.  17,  English do.  .. 

Above  No.  17  to  No.  45,  English do 

Above  No.  45  to  No.  60.  English do 

Above  No.  CO  to  No.  79,  English do 

AboveNo.79.   do 

8.  Shigle  ur  double  twist,  bleached  or  dy^d,  up  to  No.  17,  English  do 

Above  No.  17  to  No.  45,  English do 

Above  No.  45  to  No.  00,  English do 

Above  No.  60  to  Na  79,  English do 

Above  No.  70,  English , ^...do.... 


Rates  of  duty. 


In  United 
Stuesmoney. 


Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


$0  85 


In  marks. 


L60 


2  85 

12  00 

428 

l&OO 

6  71 

24.00 

7  14 

30.00 

8  66 

36.00 

8  57 

l&OO 

4  99 

21.00 

642 

'  27.00 

7  86 

83.00 

928 

89.00 

5  71 

24.00 

7  14 

80.00 

8  66 

80.00 

999 

42.00 

1142 

48.00 

56 


TABIFF8  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES 


Crennan  oustomi  (ar{^— Continned. 


Commodities. 


e.  CottODVittii, &o.— Continaed. 

4.  Ireble  or  more  twist,  raw,  bleached,  dyed lOOklloa.. 

6.  Twisted  sewing  thread do — 

6.  Wicks,  nnplaited do  . . 

d.  Goods  of  cotton  alono  or  cotton  with  metal  thread,  nnmixed  with  silk, 
wool,  or  other  uiimal  hair,  as  mentioned  under  No.  41 : 

1.  Kaw  (of  raw  yam),  clo«te  tissue,  excepting  cnt  velvets ;  net  lace 

raw,  and  not  figured  100  kilos. . 

2.  Unbleached,  close  tissue:  algofinished,  excepting  cnt  velvets,  .do  — 
8.  All  close  tissues  not  included  in  Nos.  I,  2,  and  6 ;  raw  (made  of  raw 

yam)  light  fabrics,  excepting  window-curtains,  not  coming  under 
Ko.  1,  hoaiery,  laoes,  trimmings,  and  buttons ;  also  goods  spun  in 
p«^i  with  me'tal  threads 100  kilos . . 

Cnrtain  BtulFs,  bleached  and  finished do  ... 

AH  light  fabrics,  as  Jaconet,  muslin,  tnlle,  marly,  gauze,  not  pio- 
vided  for  under  Nos.  L  3,  and  4 100  kiios. . 

Laces  and  all  embraideries do — 


4. 

5. 


6. 


KoU  to  d. 


1.  Cotton  fishing  nets,  new 100  kilos . . 

2.  Very  coarse  tissues  of  raw  spun-cotton  waste,  also  mixed  with  other 

materials,  or  single-dyed  threads,  in  pieces  not  over  50  centimeters 
square,  having  the  appearance  of  gray  packing  linen,  and  used  for  press- 
cloths,  scnibbing-cloths,  Slo 100  kilos.. 

3.  Baw  textures  for  emery  linen  and  for  emery-cloth  factories,  by  special 

permit,  under  control ;  likewise  emery  cloth  


ILL — Lead,  dUo  alloyed  with  antimony,  zinc,  tin,  and  mant^factures  thereof. 

a.  Crude  lead,  old  lead,  lead,  silver,  and  gold  litharge 

h.  Rolled  lead,  printing  types 100  kilos. 

e.  Rough  lead  articles,  also  combined  with  wood,  iron,  zinc,  or  tin,  not  pol- 
ished or  varnished ;  wire 100  kilos . , 

d.  Fancy  manufactures  of  lead,  also  mixed  with  other  materials,  if  not  be- 
longm g  to  C Uss  20 100  kilos . , 

lY. — Brush  and  Heoe  manufactures. 

a.  Coarse: 

1.  Brushes  and  brooms  of  best  Ptraw,  rushes,  grass,  roots,  esparto, 

also  when  combined  with  wood  or  iron  not  polished  or  var- 
nished   100  kilos.. 

2.  Other  brushes,  also  when  combined  with  wool  or  iron  not  polished- 

or  varnished 100  kilos.. 

b.  Fancy,  in  connection  with  other  materials,  if  not  bolongiug  to  Class 

20 100  kilos.. 


Bates  of  doty. 


a. 


b. 
e. 

d. 
e. 


X: 


•  V. — Drugs,  chemicals,  and  dye-stuffs. 

Ethers  of  all  kinds,  chlorofom,  collodion,  etberic  oils  (except  those 
hereafter  enumerated  under  b  and  i) ;  ei^sencee,  extracts,  tinctures  and 
waters  containing  alcohol  or  ether  for  the  trade  or  medicinal  use ;  all 
varnishes  (except  oil  varnish),  painters'  gouache,  and  pastil  colors; 
Chinese  ink,  paint  boxes,  pencils  and  crayons;  drawing  chalk.  .100  kilos. . 

Oil  of  juniper  and  of  rosemary do — 

Oxalic  acid  and  oxalic-acid  potash ;  yellow,  white,  and  red  pmssiate  of 

potash 100k iloe . . 

(Jaustic  potash,  caustic  nat  ron,  oil  varnish do — 

Alum,  printers'  ink,  chloride  of  lime,  dye-wood  extract,  gelatine,  putty, 
g^ue,  soot,  shoe-blocking,  sealing-wax,  inks,  and  ink-powders,  wagon- 
grease,  combustibles 100  kilos. . 

So<la,  calcined:  bicarbonate  of  soda do 

Soda,  raw.  natural  ur  artificial ;  crystallized  soda,  potash do — 

"Water  (soluble)  glass do — 

Baw  chemical  preparations  for  industrial  or  me<1ioal  uses,  drugs,  apothe- 
cary wares,  and  dye-stuffs,  not  heretofore  included  under  a  to  a  or  in 
other  sections  of  the  tariff;  beiizole,  and  other  light  tar  oils,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine, oil  of  resin,  animal  oil,  natural  and  artificial  mineral  waters, 
inclusive  of  bottles  and  jugs ;  sealing  wafers,  conoentrated  juices,  gun- 
powder, wine,  yeast,  dry  orpaste 


y I. — Iron  and  steel,  mani^factures  qf  iron  and  stesL 

a.  Pig-iron  of  all  kinds,  old  iron,  and  such  scrap-iron  as  does  not  come  un- 
der No.  1 -•. 100  kilos. 

h.  Wrought  iron  (welded  iron,  welded  steel,  fused  iron,  fused  steel),  in  bars, 
including  shaped  iron,  tires,  plowshares,  angle  and  T  iron  rails,  fish- 
plates iron,  bed-plates  and  sleepers 100  kilos. . 


In  United 
States  money. 


$11  42 

16  00 

5  71 


19  04 
28  80 


28  60 
54  78 

47  60 
59  50 


71 


Free. 


Free. 


Frea 


288 


71 
142 
571 


52 
1  90 
671 


4  70 
285 

1  90 
52 


71 
69 
85 


69 


In  marks. 


4&00 
70.00 
24  00 


80.00 
100.00 


120.00 
280.00 

200.00 
250.00 


8.00 


laoo 


8.00 

flu  00 

24  00 


4.00 

&00 

94.00 


20.00 
12.00 

aoo 

4.00 


8.00 
2.50 
1.50 
LOO 


LOO 
2.60 


TAEIFFS   OP  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 
German  custome  fart^— Continaed. 


5T 


Commodities. 


NoU  to  b. 

L  Loop-iron  containing  dross,  mw  rails,  ingots  100  kilos. . 

2.  Wrought  iron,  in  biu^  for  vriro-brtiah  factories,  by  special  permit, 

nndcr  control 100  kilos.. 

e.  Plates  and  8heet«  of  wrought  iron : 

1.  Bough do 

2.  Polished,  varnished,  lacquered,  coppered,  tinned,  zinoked,  or  leaded, 

100  kilos 

d.  Wire,  also  coppered,  tinned,  zincked,  leaded,  polished,  or  varnished, 

100  kilos 

#.  "Manufactures  of  iron  and  steel : 

1.  Heavy  articles  of  cast  iron 100  kilos.. 

Of  iron  roughly  wrought  for  machines  and  wagons,  bridges 
and  parts  of  orid^^es,  anchors,  chains  and  cables,  railroad 
axles,  tires,  wheels,  buffers,  cannons,  anvils,  vises,  pulleys, 
blacksmiths'  hammers,  wagon-spriogs,  bed-springs,  crowbars, 
brakes,  horseshoes 100  kilos.. 

BoUed  and  dmwn  tubes  of  wrought  iron do 

2.  Less  heav^  articles: 

Otherwise  oot  ^lovided  for,  alsi*  combinetl  with  wood do  — 

Smoothed,  varnished,  coppered,  zincked,  tinned,  leaded,  or  enam- 
eled, but  not  polished  or  lacquered ;  also,  skates,  hammers, 
hatchets,  axes,  common  locks,  coarse  knives,  scythes,  sickles, 
curry-combs,  tower-clocks,  turners'  screws,  squares;  wood, 
lock,  whe«l,  and  coil  screws;  tongs,  pressed  keys,  duuK  and 
hayforks : 100  kilos.. 

Hanu-files,  sword-blades,  planes,  chisels,  clothiers'  and  tailors' 
scissors,  turners'  scissors,  hedge  scissors,  saws,  au<;crs,  die- 
stocks,  machine  and  paper  knives,  &o 100  kilos.. 

Hon  TO  «  2. — Chains  and  wire  cables  for  chain  and  other  toM'ing  purposes. 
8.  Fancy  articles: 

Or  fine  cast  iron,  as  light  ornamental  castings,  polished  castings, 
art  castings,  malleable  ca«»tiu;i8  of  wrought  iron,  polished  or 
lacquered :  cutlery,  shears,  knitting  and  crochet  needles, 
sword  cutlery;  aU  these  articles  otherwise  not  mentioned, 
also  in  connection  with  wood  and  other  materials,  provided 
they  are  not  included  in  No.  20 100  kilos. . 

Sewing  needles,  pens  of  steel  and  other  not  precious  metals, 
parts  of  watches  and  watch  movements  of  not  precious  metals; 
fire-arms,  of  all  kinds 100  kilos. . 

VIL— OZay,  ores,  and  preeumt  tnetalt. 

Clays  and  raw  material  substances,  also  burnt,  washed  or  ground,  ores  pre- 

Kred  or  unprepared,  not  specially  taxed,  precious  metals,  as  coins,  in 
rs  or  pieces  


Vm.— JToa;,  de: 

Flax  and  other  vegetable  materials  for  spinning  (except  cotton),  raw,  dried, 
broken,  or  hackled,  or  as  waste 100  kilos. . 

IX. — Grain  and  agricultural  produce. 

a.  Wheat,  rye,  oats,  and  pulse,  and  grains  not  otherwise  provided  for,  100 

kilos .. 

5.  Barley,  maize,  and  buckwheat 100  kilos.. 

e.  Malt do ... , 

d.  Anise,  coriander,  fennel,  cumin do 

e.  Bape  seeds,  turnip  seeds do 

f.  Other  prodnoe,  not  otherwise  provided  for 


Bates  of  duty. 


In  United 
States  money. 


In  marks. 


$0  25 
11 
71 
1  19 
71 
69 


71 
1  19 

142 


Free. 


288 
8  67 


671 
14  28 


Free. 


23 


23 
11 
28 
71 
07 


X. — 6lau  and  gUut  ware, 

a.  Green  and  other  natural  colored  common  hollow  glass,  neither  pressed, 
cut,  nor  polished ;  also  covered  with  wicker  of  wulow,  broom,  straw,  or 
rashes;  glass  metal;  raw  optical  glass  (flint  crown  glass) ;  raw  ribbed 
glass  plates;  roof  glass,  enameling  ana  glazing  mateHal;  glass  tubes 
and  rods,  without  uistinctiou  of  color,  used  for  glass  beads  and  fancy 
blowing  glass 130  kilos.. 

5u  White  hollow  glass,  not  figured,  uncut,  not  ground,  not  pressed,  or  only 
with  finished  stoppers,  bottoms,  or  brims 100  kilos  gross . . 


71 
1  90 


L5a 

.50 
3.00 
5.00 
8.0O 
2.50 


8.0O 
5.0O 

0.0O 


10.00 
15.00 


24.00 
80.00 


LOO 


LOO 

.50 

L20 

2.0O 

.80 


8.0O 
8.00 


58 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


German  cuatofM  tarijf— Continued. 


Commodities. 


X. — Ola»$  and  glasi  toaf»— Continned. 

«.  Window  and  sheet  glass  in  its  nataral  color  (green,  partly  or  entirely 
white),  nncnt,  not  ngared,  if  the  single  length  and  single  breadth  taken 
together  measure: 

1.  Up  to  120  centimeters 100  kilos  gross . . 

2.  Aoovo  120  to  200  centimeters do  — 

3.  Above  200  centimeters do — 

-d.  1.  Mirror-glaps,  raw,  not  cut 100  kilos. . 

2.  Plate  (window)  and  miiror  glass,  cut,  polished,  figured,  ground,  also 

colored  and  overlaid 100  kilos  gross.. 

■«.  Ornaments  for  glass  chandeliers;  glass  buttons,  also  colored;  solid  white 

glass,  not  specinlly  mentioned ;  prtssed,  polished,  ground,  cut,  etched, 
gnred,  not  included  in  d  or/ 100  kilos. . 

KoTB  TO  e. — Small  glass  plates,  glass  beads,  enamel  droi>s,  also  colored,  100 

kHos 

J.  Colored,  with  exception  of  what  is  included  in  a,  d,  and  «,  painted  or 
gilded  (silvered)  glass ;  glass  pastes  (imitat  ions,  rare,  of  precious  stoncis) 
not  set;  glassware  ana  enamel  goods  combined  with  other  materials 

not  belonging  to  No.  20 100  kilos. . 

Note  to  /. — ^Milk  glass,  and  alabaster  glass,  not  figured,  not  cut,  not  ground 
not  painted,  not  pressed,  or  only  with  finished  stoppers,  bottoms,  or 
brims 100  kilos.. 

XI. — Hair  qf  hofgeM,  human  hair^  and  manvfacturet  thereqf^  feathtri  and 

bristles. 

•a.  Horse  hair,  raw,  heckled,  boiled,  dyed,  and  in  plaits,  spun  bristles,  oil- 
cloth raw  bed  feathers     

b.  Braids  of  horse  haii';  textiles  of  mixed  materials  of  which  either  the  en- 

tire warp  or  woof  consists  of  horse  hair   100  kilos. . 

c.  Human  hair,  raw,  or  in  any  of  the  states  specified  in  a do 

d.  Wi^s  and  other  articles  mado  of  hair  or  imitation  hair do  . . . 

€.  Writing-qaills,  raw,  ornamental  feathers,  not  specified  under /....do.... 

y.  Writ  ing  quills,  prepared ;  bed  feathers  cleaned  and  prepared do — 

^.  Prepared  ornamental  feathers do 

XII. — Hides  and  skins. 

■a.  Hides  and  skins,  raw  (green,  salted,  limed,  drjOi  for  conversion  into 
leather;  raw  sheep,  lamb,  and  goat-skins  with  the  hair  on,  and  sheep- 
skins with  the  hair  off  but  not  aressed 

4).  Fur  s  k  ins 


Xm. — Wood  and  other  vegetable  and  aninuxl  materials  for  earning,  and  man- 
ufactures thereof. 

€t.  lire-wood,  brush-wood,  also  brush-wood  brooms;  charcoal,  cork- wood, 
also  cut  in  plates;  tau-cako  (tan-bark  as  burning  material);  vegetable 
and  animal  substances  for  carving  not  specially  named 

b.  Wood,  bark  and  tan 100  kilos. 

c.  Timber  for  building  and  cabinet  woods: 

1.  Raw  or  ronsh-hewn  do..., 

2.  Sawn  or  otherwise  cut  timber,  barrel-staves,  and  similar  sawn  or 

cut  articles ;  also  unpeelcd  basket- willow  and  hoops  ..100  kilos.. 

d.  Coarse,  rough,  undyed,  coopers',  turners',  joiners',  and  only  pinned  wood- 

ware  and  wagoners'  work,  with  the  exception  of  hard-wood  furniture 
and  veneered  furniture;  peeled  barked  willow :  course  basket-makers' 
work  neither  painted,  dyed,  lacquered,  p(»lished,  or  varnished;  sheets  of 
horn  and  roughly  cut  bone  plates ;  chair  cane,  tinged  or  split.  100  kilos. 

e.  Wood  cut  in  veneers,  not  glued,  not  tinned  for  panpiots do. . . 

/.  Wooden  furniture  and  parts  of  furniture  not  specitied  under  d  and  g, 

also  partly  combined  with  metals  not  precious;  tanned  leather;  glass; 
stones  (excepting  precious  and  semi-precious  stones) ;  stoneware, /at- 
ence,  or  porcelain;  other  joiners',  turners',  and  coopers'  ware,  wagon- 
ers' work  and  ctiarse  basket  wares,  which  are  painted,  tinged,  lac- 
quereil,  polished,  varnished,  or  partly  combined  with  the  above-named 
materuils ;  gluecl  and  veneered  parquet-work  not  inlaid ;  coarse  cork 
articles  (strips,  bungs) ;  coarse  toys  (not  paint«'d) ;  whalebones  in 
staves 100  kilos. 

■g.  Fancy  wooden  articles  (with  inlaid  or  carved  work),  fancy  basket-ware, 
bottle  corks,  cork  soles,  carved  cork  articles,  in  general  all  not  under  d, 
«,/  and  h;  specified  articles  of  vegetable  or  animal  carving  material, 
with  the  exception  of  tortoise-shell,  ivory,  mother-of-pearl,  amber, 
agate,  jet,  also  combined  with  other  materials,  provided  they  do  not 
thereby  come  under  No.  20,  bronze  wood 100  kilos. 

h.  Upholstered  furniture  of  all  kinds: 

1.  Uncovered do. . . 

2.  Covered do  .. 


Bates  of  duty. 


In  United 
State*  money. 


$1  42 

&00 

1  90 

aoo 

2  38 

10.00 

71 

3.00 

671 


5  71 

2L00 

05 

4.00 

7  14 

aaoo 

2  88 

ioloo 

Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


Free. 


288 


In  marks. 


7  14 

7  14 
052 


24.00 


1142 

4a  00 

28  80 

100.00 

47  00 

2oaoo 

71 

8.00 

142 

6.00 

7100 

800.00 

11 

.50 

02 

.10 

05 

.25 

71 
142 

.28 

aoo 

laoo 


80.00 
80.00 

4a  00 


TABIFF8   OF    THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


59 


Oerman  customs  /aryf— Continued. 


Commodities. 


XIV.— fibjw. 


XV. — Inttrumentt,  mnehine*,  vehicles. 


100  kilos  gross.. 


«•  Inatraments  with  regard  to  the  material  uf  which  they  are  made : 

1.  Musical    100  kilos.. 

1.  AntroDomical,  sarjncal,  optical,  matbeioatical,  chemical  (for  labora- 
toiler),  philosophical 

1.  Lc-comotiveii.  portable  engines 100  kilos.. 

2.  Other,  chief  material  being — 

Wood lOOkUos.. 

Cast  iron do 

AVrooght  iron do 

Other,  not  precions  metals do 

KOTK  TO  6.  I,  2. — Steam  engines  and  boilers  for  building  ships 

3.  Cards  and  card  clothmg    100  kilos.. 

«.  C*rnagea  and  sleigha: 

1.  xCatl  way  rolling-stock  withoat  leather  or  upholstery  work,  ad  va- 

lorem   

All  other ad  valorem.. 

2.  Other  carriages  and  sleighs  with  leather  or  upholstery  work,  per 

piece 

d.  Sea  and  river  ships,  including  the  usual  eauipmonts  and  appurtenances 
of  same,  such  as  anchors,  anchor  and  otner  ship  chains,  as  also  steam 

engines  and  boilers 

KoTB.— All  movable  articles  of  the  ship's  inventory  oUier  than  such  as  are 
ordinarily  used  on  sbips  are  subject  to  the  duty  prescribed  for  such  arti- 


cles. 


XVI.— A<ntafUM». 


XVn. — Oaoutehoue  and  gutta-pereha,  and  ^nanufaetures  thereqf. 

«.  Caoatcbouc  and  gutta-percha,  raw  or  purified ;  hard  rubber,  also  in  pol- 
ished plates,  staves,  tubs.  Ace.  and  unpressed  with  designs 

h.  Caoutchouc  thread  not  combined  with  other  materials,  or  surrounded  or 
orerspnn  with  cotton,  linen,  or  woolen  raw  (not  bleached  or  dyed)  yam 
<Hily  in  such  manner  that  the  caoutchouc  thread  remains  visible  with- 
out stretching  the  same;  caoutchouc  plates;  caoutchouc  solution, 
lOOkOos 

c  Coarse  articles  of  soft  caoutchouc  not  lacquere<l,  not  dyed,  not  printed ; 
hard  rubber  ^oods;  all  these  articles  also  if  mixeil  with  other  materials 
not  included  in  No.  20;  overspun  caoutchouc  thread 100  kilos. . 

d.  Fancy  articles  of  soft  caoutchouc,  lacquered,  painted,  printed,  or  with 
iroprcssetl  designs;  nil  these  articles  also  mixed  with  other  materials 
not  included  in  No.  20    100  kilos.. 

4.  Ti.'SUfs  of  all  kinds  covered  or  s.itnriited  or  joined  together  with  layers 
of  caoutchouc  or  with  India  rubber  threads)  pasted  in ;  also  same  com- 
bined with  other  .spinning  material ;  hosiery  and  ribbon  goods  mixed 
with  caoutchouc  thn  ads         100  kilos.. 

KOTK  TO  f,  I. — Printetl  cloth  of  caoutchouc,  for  fuctorio«,  and  artificial  card- 
ins  leather,  for  card  factories*,  both  by  special  pcnuit  under  control 

2.  Hose  of  hemp,  machine  belting,  and  wagon-covers  of  coarse  tex- 
tiles mixed  with  caoutchouc  100  kilos . 

XVIII. — Ready-made  wearing  apparel  and  under -clothes,  millinery. 

«.  Of  silk  or  doss-silk,  also,  mixed  with  wire,  embroidered,  and  lace  cloths, 
lOOkilos  

*.Ofhalfsilk lOOkilos. 

€.  Othf^TB,  not  enumerated  hereafter  under  d  and  e    do  .. 

d.  Of  textures  covered  or  saturated  with  caoutchouc;  also,  of  spun 
caontt^honc  mixed  with  other  spinnipg  materials lOOkilos. 

«.  Shirts  and  under-clothes  of  linen  and  cotton do 

1.  Hats: 

1.  Gents'  silk  bats,  trimmed  or  not  100  kilos.. 

2.  Gents*  felt  hats,  trimmed  or  not do 

3.  Lafltes'  bat«.  trimmed per  piece . . 

4.  Hats  not  specially  named,  trimmed  or  not   do 

f.  Artificial  flowers  : 

1.  Flowers,  finished,  composed  entirely  of  woven  or  knitted  tissues, 

or  mixed  with  other  materials  100  kilos.. 

2.  Parts  of  flowers,  as  leaves,  stems,  die,  not  Joined  together... do — 


Rates  of  duty. 


In  United 
States  money. 


Free. 


8  56 


67  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 


36  70 


Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


71 

9S2 

14  28 

21  42 

5  71 


In  marks. 


214  20 

107  10 

71  40 

30  04 
35  70 

71  40 

42  84 

23 

04 


71  40 
28  56 


20.00 


80.00 


aoo 

3.00 
3.00 
5.00 


36.00 


160.00 


8.00 

40.00 
60.00 

90.00 

24.00 


900.00 
450.00 
300.00 

130.  00 
150.00 

300.00 

180.00 

1.00 

0.20 


300.00 
120.00 


60 


Tariffs  of  the  several  countries. 


Qerman  oustoms  tortjf— Continued. 


CommodltleA. 


jLuL.~~Oopper  and  other  not  apeeiaUy  named  bate  metals,  c&mpontione  qf 
OOie  metais  not  tpeeiaUy  named^  and  mant{faeturei  therecf. 


BftteB  of  duty. 


In  United 
States  money. 


In  marks. 


a.  Copper,  crude  or  scrap 

b.  Wroaght  or  rolled  copper,  in  bars  and  sheets,  wire  and  telegraph  cable. 

100  kilos 

e.   In  sheets  or  wire,  plated  100  kilos. . 

d.  Manofactures,  viz: 

1.  Coarse  copper,  smiths'  and  brass  foundprs'  work ;  also,  combined 

with  wood  or  iron  not  polished  or  lacqnered ;  also,  tubs  of  sheet- 
brass  and  wire-cloth 100  kilos.. 

2.  Others,  provided  thoy  do  not  come  under  No.  XIX,  d  3,  or,  by  rea- 

son of  their  composition  with  other  materials,  under  No.  XX, 

100  kilos 

&.  Of  aluminum,  nickel;  fancy  articles  of  alfenide,  Britannia  metal, 
bronze.  German  silver,  tumbac,  and  like  alloys;  fancy  vordijiTised 
brass  articles ;  also,  combiued  with  oi  her  materials,  nuless  other- 
wise provided  under  No.  XX  .        -.  100  kilos. 

XX..— Fancy  goode,  hardware,  ornaments,  dte. 

a.  Articles  wholly  or  partly  compo8e<l  of  precious  metals,  genuine  pearls, 
corals,  or  precions  stones,  wat<'hes,  gold  and  silver  leaf  100  kilos.. 

b  1.  Articles  wholly  or  parllv  of  amber,  celluloid,  ivt»ry,  agate,  jet,  lava, 
meerschaum,  motherof  pearl,  ami  t»^rtoiso-sbell,  of  not  prerious  metals 

?;ilded  or  silvered  or  covered  with  gold  or  silver,  teeth  with  roots  or 
nbesof  platina  or  other  preciotiH  metals ,.. 

2.  Fancy  articles  (cents'  and  Indies'  ornaments,  articles  of  toilet.  Slc.) 

wholly  or  partly  of  aluminum,  like  goods  of  other  base  metals,  but 
of  fine  worknian»hip  and  either  more  or  less  niekeled.  gilded  or  sil- 
vered or  verdigriaed,  or  in  connection  with  semi-precious  stones  or 
artificial  stones,  alabaster,  or  enamel,  or  with  carved  work,  paste, 
cameo,  omamenta  in  cast  metal,  dec 

3.  Mantel  and  wall  clocks,  fans  of  all  kinds,  fancy  arHcles  of  was.  100 

kilos     ' 

KOTK  TO  b  1. — Ivory  pieces  pieparrd  for  conversion  into  articles  named 

QnderNo.XX,M lOOkilos.. 

e  1.  Not  genuine  gold  leaf  and  silver  leaf 

2.  Eye-glasses,  opera-glasses,  wax.  beads,  umbrellas,  and  parasols 

8.  Articles  of  coiton,  linen,  silk,  wool,  and  other  animal  hair,  iu  connec- 
tion with  animal  or  vegetable  cai-ved  work,  base^metals,  glass,  gutta- 
percha, caoutchouc,  leather,  Icathir  cloth,  paper,  pasteboard,  stone, 
straw,  or  clay  ware,  and  not  otherwise  provideu  for 100  kilos. . 

XXl.— Leather  and  leather  goodt. 

a.  Leather  of  all  kinds  (excepting  next  item),  not  colored;  colored  Russian 

leather;  parchment  boot-tops .    . .  100  kilos . . 

b.  Sole-lealher  and  Brussels  and  Danish  glove-leather;  cordovan;  moKH'co, 

saffian;  colored  leather  (excepting  that  named  under  a);  lacquei-ed 

leather 100  kilos. . 

Note  to  b. — Half  tanned,  tanned,  not  yet  colored  or  otherwise  finished, 

sheep  or  goat  skins 100  kilos . . 

2.  Coarse  saddlers',  shoemakers',  strap-makers',  and  other  coarse  leather 
wares,  also  otherarticlesof  nncolored  or  merely  blacked  tanned  leather, 
or  of  raw  hides;  all  these  articles  also  in  eonnectiun  with  other  iuat<<-  i 

rials  provided  they  do  not  come  under  No.  XX .  100  kilos. , 

d.  Fancy  leather  articles  of  cordovan,  saflinn,  tnorocco,  Brussels  or  Danish 
leather,  of  chamois  and  tawed  leather,  of  colored  le^ithor:  lacquered 
leatheramlparchment,  also  combined  with  other  materials  not  included 

under  No.  XX;  fine  shoes  of  all  kinds 100  kilos. . 

NOTK  TO  c  AXD  d.— -Coarse  shoemakers'  and  trunk-makers'  articles  of  gray 
packing  linen,  sail  cloth,  raw  linen,  raw  ticking  or  drilling,  or  coarse  not 
printed  wax- cloth,  pay  the  same  duty  as  coarse  leather  goods;  articles 
of  fine  wax -cloth,  wax-muslin,  wax-taft,  &.C.,  the  same  as  fancy  leather 
goods ;  e,  leather  gloves 100  kilos. . 

XXn. — Linen  yam,  linen,  and  other  linen  goods,  namely:  yam  and  tooven  or 
vwrked  goodt  qfjlax  or  other  vegetable  spinnirtg  material,  except  cotton. 

a.  Yarn,  excepting  that  mentioned  hereafter  under  b : 

1.  Up  to  No. 5, English        lOOkilos.. 

2.  Above  No.  5  to  No.  8,  English do 

3.  Above  No. 8  to  No. 20,  Engl i.sh ...  do 

4.  Above  No. 20  to  No. 35,  English do  ... 

5.  Above  No.  35,  English    do 

Note  to  a. — Jute,  manila,  hemp,  and  cocoa-nut  fiber,  raw,  drie<l,  broken, 

or  hackled 


$2  85 
6  66 


428 
7  14 

14  28 
142  80 


47  00 
7  14 


28  66 

4  28 

8  66 
71 

11  90 

16  61 

28  80 


Free 


12.00 
2&00 


laoo 

30.00 
60.00 

6oaoo 


200.00 
3000 


120.00 

laoo 

36.00 
3.00 

50.00 

70.00 

100.00 


71 

3.00 

1  19 

5.00 

1  42 

6.00  . 

2  14 

9.00 

2  85 

12.00 

TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEYEBAL   C0UNTBIE8. 


61 


German  <msiam$  tort^-->Continaed. 


Commoditiee. 


'XXll.—Linen  yam,  ^.— Contiiined. 

k.  Dyed,  printed,  bleached  yam : 

1.  Up  to  No.  20.  English lOOkiloe.. 

2.  AboveNo.  20  to  No.  35,Engli8h    do... 

3.  Above  No.  35,  Kns^lish do 

e.  Threads  of  all  kinds  do.... 

d.  Kope-makers'  work,  nnbleached ;  bleached  ropes,  cables,  cords,  strings, 

Kirts,  braces,  and  hoso ;  coarse  and  dyed  foot-rugs  of  manila  hemp, 

cocoa,  jnte,  and  like  fiber lOOkiloe.. 

«.  Linen,  tickinf^.  drilline,  not  dyed,  not  printed,  not  bleached : 

1.  Up  to  16  threads,  in  the  'warp  nnd  woof  together  on  a  surface  of 

lour  square  centimeters    100  kilos.. 

2.  With  17  to  40  threads,  as  above;  fancy,  and  all  dyed  foot  ru^s  of 

manila,  hemp,  coooanut.  Jute,  and  like  fibers 100  kilos . . 

3.  With  41  to  80  threads,  as  above;  rope-makers'  work,  dyed  and 

bleached,  excepting  that  named  under  d 100  kilos . . 

4.  With  81  to  120  threads,  as  above do... 

5k  With  more  tiian  120  threads,  as  above do 

/.  linen,  ticking,  drilling,  dyed,  printed,  bleached ;  also  woven  of  dyed, 
printed,  bleached  yam : 
L  Up  to  120  Uireads  in  warp  and  woof  together  on  a  surface  of  four 

square  centimeters .100  kilos.. 

X  With  more  than  120  threads,  as  above do  . . 

a.  Damask  of  aU  kinds ;  made  up  table,  bed,  and  towel  linen ;  linen  blouses 

ofailkinds lOOkilod.. 

k.  Bibbona,  braids,  fringee,  gauxe,  woven   borders,  loops,  embroideiiee, 
bosierT ;  tissoes  and  other  goods  mixed  with  metallic  threads . .  100  kilos . . 

TXin.  Thread-lace ^ do — 

XXIV.  Candles do.... 

XXIY  bi».^LiUrttry  workt  and  wurkt  qfarL    Statuary, 

a.  Paper  written  upon  (documents  and  manuscripts),  books  in  all  Ian- 

nages,  copper  engravings,  other  engravings,  also  wood  engravings ; 
utbographa  and  photographs;  geogniphiool  maps  and  sea-charts; 
printed  music 

b.  ^graved  metal  plates,  engraved  wood  blocks,  also  lithographic  stones 

with  drawings,  cuta,  or  letters,  all  used  for  printing 

c  Paintings  ana  drawings ;  statnes  of  marble  and  other  kinds  of  stone ; 
statues  of  metal,  not  under  life-sixe ;  medals 


Ooiamial  ffood$,  groeeriet,  Apeet,  eon^eeUonery,  and  other  artieUt  /or 
food  and  drink;  aUo  tohaeco  and  mani^facturM  thereqf. 

a.  Beer  of  all  kinds,  also  mead     lOOkilos.. 

b.  Spiritnons  liquors  of  all  kind,  ssuoh  as  arrack,  mm,  French  brandy,  and 

spioed  brandies,  in  casks  and  bottles ..lOOkilos.. 

c.  Yeast  of  all  kinds,  exclusive  of  wine-lees 

Note. — Liquid  yeast,  on  the  Bavarian-Austrian  border,  from  Obernenhaus, 

up  to  and  inclusive  of  Melleck  ;  on  the  Saxon-Bohemian  border  left  of  the 
£lbe ;  on  the  Baden-Swiss  border,  at  Oelmingen  and  the  so-called  Hovi, 
for  the  private  use  of  the  inhabitants  there,  m  small  quantities,  up  to  13 
kflogrsms,  inclusive,  carried  on  a  single  trip 100  kilos. . 

4  1.  Vin^car  of  all  kinds,  in  casks do 

2.  In  botties  and  Jogs do 

4.  ^Ine  and  most,  cider,  and  artificial  drinks,  not  si>ecified  under  other 
numbers  of  tiie  tariff: 

1.  Importefl  in  casks lOOkiloe.. 

2.  Imported  in  botties .do.... 

/.  Butter  and  artificial  butter. 

yorm  to  /.—Butter  in  single  piec«>s  of  not  more  than  2  kilograms,  not 
sent  by  poat,  for  the  inhabitants  on  the  border,  with  the  provision  that 
sach  license  shall  be  discontinued  or  limited  in  localities  where  same  is 


Bate  of  diitj. 


In  United 
States  money. 


In  marks. 


$2  85 
8  57 
4  70 
8  50 


1  42 


142 

0.00 

2  85 

12.00 

5  71 

850 

14  28 

24.00 
80.00 
00.00 

14  28 
28  50 

00.00 
120.00 

14  28 

00.00 

23  80 

142  80 

8  67 

100.00 

000.00 

15. 00 

Free. 
Free> 
Free. 


abased 


g  1 .  Meat,  fkeah  and  prepared ;  poultry  and  game  of  all  kinds,  not  live ;  meat 

extract ;  concentrated  bouillon 100  kilos. . 

2.  Fish,  not  otherwise  provided  for . do  — 

'Son  TO  g  1. — Single  pieces  of  fresh  and  preimrcd  butchered  meat,  in 
qoantities  not  exceeding  2  kilograms,  not  sent  by  post,  for  inhabitants  of 
IDS  border,  witii  the  provision  that  such  license  shall  be  discontinued  or 
limited  in  localities  where  same  is  abused ■ 

k.  Fruits  (tropical  fhiits) : 

1 .  Fresh  oranges,  lemons,  limes,  pomegranates.  Sto 100  kilos . . 

NOTK.— If.  at  the  request  of  the  party  paying  the  dutv,  the  same  shall  be 

levied  per  piece  in  this  case,  48  cents  shall  Be  collected  for  every  100  pieces, 
ao  doty  being  paid  on  any  decayed  fruit  when  the  latter  is  thrown  away  in 
ths  presence  of  the  officials. 

2.  Figs, dried  currants, raisinn  lOOkilos.. 

3.  Dried  datea,  almonds,  oranges,  dus do — 


95 

1142 
999 


71 
6  71 
4  70 


671 
1142 


Free. 


286 

71 


Free. 


285 


671 
7  14 


12.00 
l&OO 
20.00 
30.00 


0.00 


400 

48.00 
42.00 


3.00 
24.00 
20.00 


24.00 
48.00 


12.00 
8.00 


12.00 


24.00 
30.00 


62 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


German  cusUmu  tariff— Continued, 


Commodities. 


XXV. — Colonial  goods,  cfic. — Continued. 

i.  Spices  of  all  kinds,  not  otherwise  provided  for 100  kilos . . 

KOTE  TO  {. — Spices  for  manofaclare  of  essential  oils  by  special  permit, 

under  control 

k.  Herring,  salted per  barrel  (ton) . . 

Note. — On  salted  herrings,  not  packed  in  the  manner  customary  in  trade, 
2  marks  (46  cents)  per  100  kilos  shall  be  paid. 

1.  Salted  beirings  for  manuring  purposes 

I.  Honey ^ lOOkilos.. 

m.  Coffee,  raw,  and  coffee  substitutes  (excepting  chicory) do — 

2.  Burnt  coffee    do 

3.  Cocoa  in  beans do  — 

4.  Cocoa  in  shells  do — 

n.  Caviar  and  substitutes  lor  caviar .do — 

0. 

P 


Cheese  of  nil  kinds do.^.. 

1.  Confectionery,  candies,  and  cakes,  of  every  description,  cocoa  powder, 
chocolate  and  substitut^^  for  chocolate ;  fruits  preserved  in  sugar,  vine- 

gar,  oil,  or  otherwise,  iu  jars,  cans,  &c.,  also  preserved  spices,  vegeta- 
les,  and  other  articles  of  food  (mushrooms,  truffles,  fowls,  crabs,  &c.): 
prepared  flnh,  prepared  mustard ;  olives,  capers,  meat  pies,  sauces,  and 
similar  table  delicacies 100  kilos . . 

2.  Fresh  fruit,  seeds,  berries,  leaves,  blossoms,  mushrooms,  vegetables, 
dried,  baked,  powdered,  steamed,  or  salted,  all  these  articles  not  other- 
wise provided  for ;  Juices  of  fruit,  berries  and  turnips,  not  preserved  in 
sugar;  fresh  and  dried  peelings  of  tropical  fruit;  green  oranges  and 
oranges  preserved  in  salt  water ;  dried  nuts,  chestnuts,  St  John 's  bread, 
pine  cones,  burnt  or  ground  chicory  100  kilos. . 

q  1.  Farina  powders,  starch,  starch-gum,  arrowroot,  vermicelli,  sago  and 

substitutes  for  sago,  tapioca 100  kilos . . 

2.  Mill  products  of  grain  and  pulse,  viz:  crushed  or  shelled  grain,  peeled 
pearl  barley,  groats,  &c.,  meal,  flour,  ordinary  bakers'  wares ...  100  kilos . . 

Note  to  q  2.— (Quantities  of  not  more  than  3  kilograms,  for  inhabitants  of 
the  border  (with  the  provision  that  such  license  may  be  discontinued  or 
limited  in  localities  where  same  is  abused) 

r.  Muscle  sea-shell  animals,  such  as  oysters,  lobsters,  shells,  muscles,  tor- 
toises, turtles,  Sco 100  kilos.. 

».  Rice  in  and  out  of  the  pod do 

Note. — Kice  for  manufacture  of  starch,  under  control do 

t  Salt  (kitchen,  table,  rock,  and  sea  salt),  also  all  materials  from  which  salt 
is  extracted 100  kiloe. . 

Note. — Salt  imported  from  the  seaboard do 

u.  Simp.    (See  note  to  sugar,  below.) 

V.  Tobacco: 

1.  In  leaf,  unmanufactured,  also  stems  and  tobacco-Juice 100  kiloe. . 

2.  Manufactured: 

A.  Cigars  and  cigarettes do — 

B.  Ot  her  manufactures  of  tobacco do — 

V).  Tea    do — 

X.  Sugar: 

Note  —The  rates  of  duty  for  sugar  and  sirup  are  those  fixed  by  the  act  of 
June  26, 1869,  relative  to  tlie  duty  on  sugar,  and  are  as  follows,  viz: 

1.  On  reflnc-d  sugar  of  all  kinds  and  on  raw  sugar  where  the  latter  cor- 
responds to  the  samples  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  Dutch 
standard  No.  19  and  nuove,  which  samples  are  to  be  deposited  in  the 
custom-houses,  as  prescribe<l  and  published  by  order  of  the  Federal 

Council..., lOOkiloB.. 

Raw  sugar,  not  provided  for  under  1  do.... 

Sirup do — 

Note.— Solutions  of  sugar,  positively  distinguishable  as  such,  are  subject 
to  the  same  duties  as  arc  named  under  2. 

4.  Molasses,  entered  for  manufacture  of  spirituous  liquors,  under  con- 
trol  


2. 
3. 


XXYI.— Oil  not  otherwise  provided  for,  lard,  grease, 
a.  Oil: 

1.  Oil  of  all  kinds  In  bottles  or  Jars 100  kilos . . 

2.  Table  oils,  such  as  olive,  poppy,  sesame;  ground-nut,  beech-nut, 

sunflower  oil  in  casks .". -   .    .     100  kilos . . 

3.  Olive  oil  in  casks  when  reduced  to  a  state  of  adulteration  on  the 

part  of  the  customs  authorities 

4.  Other  oil  in  casks  100  kilos.. 

6.  Ptdni  and  c^coa-nut  oil  in  dry  state do. . . 

h.  Residuunis,  dry,  from  manufacture  of  fatty  oils ;  also  ground 

e.  Lard,  &c. : 

1.  Lard  of  hogs  and  goose-grease lOOkilos.. 

2.  Stearine,  palmitin,  para£mie,  speimaceti,  wax do  — 

3.  Fish  fat  and  train  oil do — 

4.  Other  animal  fat do — 


Bote  of  doty. 


In  United 
States  money. 


$11  00 


Free. 


Free. 


71 


71 

aoo 

9  52 

40.00 

11  90 

50.00 

8  33 

35.00 

2  85 

12.00 

S3  80 

100.00 

4  70 

20.00 

14  28 


Free. 


62 
1  42 

47 


6  71 
95 
28 

8  04 
2  85 


20  23 

84  26 
42  84 
23  80 


7  14 

71 


Free. 


Free. 
Free. 


4  76 
1  90 


95 
47 


2  88 

1  20 

71 

47 


Id  marks. 


50.00 


8.00 


60.00 


4.00 
6.00 
2.00 


24.00 
4.00 
1.20 

12.80 
12.00 


85.00 

270.00 
180.00 
100.00 


80.00 
24  00 
15.00- 


20.00 
&00 


4.00 
2.00 


10.00 
ft.  00 
3.0O 
2.00> 


TABIFFS   OP    THE    SEVEBAL   COUNTRIES, 


65 


German  custatM  tort^-— Continaed. 


Commodities. 


XXYH. — Paper  and  man%nfaeturet  qf  paper. 

TTnbleached  or  bleached  balf-maDufactared  goods  from  rags 

Unbleached  or  bleached  half-man nfaictured  materials  for  paper  making  of 
-wood,  straw,  esparto  or  other  fibers :  gray,  blottinj^,  and  j^eUow  coarse 
straw  paper,  pasteboard,  exoIosiTe  of  poUahed  and  leather  cardboard; 
slato-paper  and  tablets  of  same  withont  admixtare  of  other  material; 

sbarpenmg  and  polishing  paper,  fly-nape r,  6co 100  kilos. . 

Packing-paper,  not  mentioned  under  o  or  d.  unpo1i8hed do 

Packing-paper,  polished ;  glance  and  leather  cardboard,  pressing-board, 

lOOkiUM , 

s.  Printinrr.  writing,  blotting,  and  tissaopaper  of  all  kinds;  also  lithographed, 
printed  lined  paper  prepared  for  bills,  labels,  hills  of  lading,  &c.,  gilt 
and  silvered  paper,  perforated  paper ;  also  strips  of  such  paper ;  printer's 

cardboard lOOkilos.. 

/.  1.  Molded  work  of  statnary  pasteboard,  asphalte,  or  similar  material; 
also  in  connection  with  wood  or  iron,  but  neither  painted  nor  var- 
nished         100  kilos. . 

2.  Manafactares  of  paper,  pasteboard,  or  papier-mach6 ;  molded  work  of 
statuary  pasteboard,  d&c.,  asphalte,  or  like  materials  not  included 

under  /  1  or  /  3 100  kilos . . 

t.  Manafactares  of  the  materials  aforesaid  combined  with  other  ma- 
terials not  provided  for  under  No.  XX,  paper-hangings ...  100  kilos. . 

XX Vni.— fYir«  (furrier' t  goods.) 

m.  For  ooats,cap».  gloves,  lined  fnrcovers,  lined  furs  fortrimmincrs  lOOkilos. . 

t.  Beadj-i6ade  sheep-skin  coata,  not  covered  with  other  materials,  washed 
and  dyed,  not  lined  angora  or  sheep  skins,  aniined  covers  and  furs 
for  trimming 100  kilos. . 

XXIX.—Petroleum. 

Petroleum  and  other  mineral  oils  not  otherwise  provided  for,  crude  and  re- 

fined  lOOkilos.. 

Kons. — 1.  The  federal  council  is  authorized  to  p<>rm it  the  importation  of 
mineral  oil  to  be  used  for  industrial  purposes  other  than  the  manufacture  of 
illaminating  oil  free  of  doty,  subject,  however,  to  a  control  of  the  use  of  the 


Rate  of  duty. 


S.  The  federal  council  is  authorized  to  permit  the  duty  on  petroleum  to 
be  levied  according  to  the  number  of  barrels,  the  rate  oi'  dutj'  being  fixed 
in  accordance  with  the  maximum  (veight  of  the  barrels  ordinarily  used  in 
tbe  trade.  • 

,         X^X.—Silk  and  manu/aeturet  of  nlk. 

a.  Silk  cocoons :  f.ilk,.  reeled  or  spun ;  floss  silk,  combed,  spun,  or  in  thread ; 

all  these  not  dyed ;  also  dyed  silk  waste. .  . .  

h.  Silk-wwlding lOOkilos.. 

e.  Floss  silk,  dyed,  loops do.. 

d.  Tlii>ead  of  raw  silk,  sewing-silk,  button-hole  silk,  &.C.,  dyed  and  undyed, 

lOOkilos 

«.  Manufactures  of  silk  or  fioss  silk,  also  it.  containing  metallic  thread; 
manufactures  of  silk  mixetl  with  other  spinning  materials  and  nt  the 
rame  time  with  metallic  thread,  lace  blonde  and  embroidery  wholly  or 

partly  of  silk .100  kilos. . 

Note  to  e. — Tulle,  raw  or  dyed,  not  patterned. 
/.  All  articles  of  silk  or  floss  silk  mixed  with  cotton,  linen,  woolen,  or  other 

animal  or  vegetable  spinning  matoriuli  100  kilos. . 

1.  Very  coars**,  com|»ope<lofraw  tissues  made  fi*om  silk  waste,  having 
the  appearance  of  gray  packing  linen,  and  used  for  press-cloths, 
wiping  cloths,  when  combined  with  other  spinning  materials  or 

single  coloreil  threads lOOkilos 

,  2.  Silk  spun  together  with  yarn  of  other  material  but  not  forming  the 
covering  of  the  threads,  nor  running  continuously  throughout 
the  whole  length  of  the  panie,  not  to  be  considered  in  the  liqui- 
dation of  duties  on  said  yams. 

XXX r. — Soap  and  perfumeries. 

s.  Green,  black,  and  other  barrel  soap 100  kilos. 

h.  Bard  soap  not  mentioned  under  c do... 

c  Soap  in  cakes,  balls,  in  boxes,  jars,  &c. ;  perfumed  soaps  of  all  kinds, 
100kilo.H 

i.  Scented  fat  scented  and  fatty  oils,  scented  (not  alcoholic)  water  im- 
poited  in  direct  receptacles  and  of  a  weight  of  at  least  10  kilograms, 
loOkUoe 

«.  All  other  perfumeries 


XXXU.—Playingeards. 
Is  addition  to  iotemal  stamp  tax lOOkilos.. 


In  United 
States  money. 


Free. 


$0  28 
05 

142 


In  marks. 


288 

10.  oa 

95 

4.  GO 

285 

12.00 

671 

24.00 

85  70 

150.00 

142 

0.0O 

142 


Free. 


671 

856 

28  80 


142  80 
71  40 

288 


1  19 

2  88 

7  14 


4  76 
28  80 


14  28 


LOO 
4.0O 

6.00 


6.0O 


24.00 
86.00 

100.00 


600.00 
300.00 

10.00 


6.00 
10.00 

30.00 


20.00 
100.00 


60.00 


i 


€4 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Oerman  customs  tor(^— Continued. 


Commodities. 


X  X  X  III.— Stone,  Honeware^  preeiout  stones. 

a.  Stones,  rongh  and  hewn,  flint  stonen,  mill-stonee,  also  with  iron  hoops ; 
grinaing  and  whetstones  of  all  kinds,  rough  stone  masonry.  0.  g.,  door- 
posts and  window-lodges,  pillars  and  parts  of  pillars,  cnitters,  pipes, 
&x;.,  unpolished,  exclusive  of  marhle  and  alahaster  work,  taws,  (play- 
ing-marules) 

h.  Koonng  slate,  rongh  slate  nlabn  and  rough  table  slate 100  kilos  . 

0.  Precious  stones,  also  imitations,  and  corals,  cut,  i>earls,  nil  not  set ;  cut 
semi-precious  stones,  and  manufactures  thereof  not  provided  for  under 
No.:^ .• 

<L  Other  articles  of  stone  excepting  statuary : 

1.  Kot  in  connection  witii  other  materials,  or  only  with  wood  or  iron, 

not  polished  or  lacquered,  split,  sawed,  or  otherwise  cut,  slate 
plates,  slates  in  wooden  frames,  ^so  lacquered  or  polished,  100 
kilos 

2.  In  connection  with  other  materials,  provided  same  are  not  articles 

coming  under  No.  XX 100  kilos.. 

XXXIV.— Ooofa,  rfc. 
Coal,  brown  coal,  cokes,  peat-turf  charcoal 

XXXY.— iStraw  and  hast  goods. 

«.  Hatting  and  foot-mgs  of  bast  straw,  reeds,  grass,  roots,  rushes.  &c. ; 
also,  other  kinds  of  reed-ware,  coarse,  colorea  and  uncolored .  100  kilos. . 

h.  Straw  plaitings do 

«.  A.n  straw  and  hast  goods  not  included  under  a  and  6,  especially  straw 
and  bast  plaitings,  covers,  curtains,  and  like  goods  of  unsplit  straw,  the 
straw  and  bast  goods  when  combined  with  other  materials,  provided 
same  so  combined  do  not  come  under  No.  XX 100  kilos.. 

d.  Hats  of  straw,  cane,  bast,  brushes,  fish-bone,  palm-leaves  and  chip : 

1.  Untrimmed per  piece.. 

2.  Trimmed do 

Note  to  d. — Hats  of  hair  or  hemp-braid  of  sparterre  or  braids  of  so-called 

cotton  sparterre  and  straw  are  treated  as  straw  hats. 

s.  Sparterre  goods  of  all  kinds 100  kilos.. 

XXXYI. — Tar,  pitch,  resine  of  aU  kinds,  cuphaUe  mineral  tar. 

XXXYTL — Animals  and  animal  products  not  otherwise  enumerated. 

a.  Live  animals  and  animal  products,  not  elsewhere  enumerated ;  fresh  fish ; 

also,  bee-hives  with  live  bees 

b.  Eggs  of  fowls 100  kilos.. 

XXXVin.—EarthemDare. 

a.  Common  bricks,  fire-bricks,  tiles,  tuhes,  and  pottery,  not  glased 

b.  Glazed  tiles  and  bricks,  flat  tiles,  architectural  ornaments,  also  of  terra 

cotta.  smelting-potH,  glared  tuhes,  mufiies,  capsules  and  retorts,  plates, 
jars,  and  other  articles  of  coarse  earthenware,  coarse  stove-tile,  clay 
pipes,  glazed  pottery ..    100  kilos.. 

c.  Other  earthenware,  exclusive  of  porcelain  and  wares  of  like  character  as 

porcelain : 

1.  Plain-colored  or  white :  fancy  terra-ootta  ware 100 kilos.. 

S.  Two  and  more  colored,  bordered,  printrd,  painted,  gilded,  silvered : 
also  earthenware  in  connection  with  other  materials,  providea 
the  same  do  not  come  under  No.  XX 100  kilos.. 

d.  Porcelain  and  wares  of  like  character,  as  porcelain  (Parian  Jasper,  See): 

1.  White 100  kilos.. 

2.  Colored,  bordered,  painted,  gilded,  silvered,  also  in  connection  with 

other  materials,  provided  the  same  do  not  thereby  come  under  No. 
XX 100  kilos.. 

'XXXlX.—Horeee,  cattle,  tie. 

«.  Horses,  asses,  mules,  donkeys per  head.. 

Note  TO  a. — Foals  following  the  dam 

b.  Steers  and  cows.. .per  head.. 

«.  Oxen do 

d.  Young  cattle  up  to  24  years  old do 

e.  Calves  under  6  weeks  old do 

/.  Hogs do 

o.  Slicking  pigs  under  10  kilos do 

h.  Sheep do  — 

i.  Lambs do.... 

X*'  Goats do — 


Bate  of  duty. 


In  United 
States  money. 


Free. 


$0  11 

am 

14  28 

60.00 

71 

• 

8.00 

671 

24.00 

Freo. 


71 
4  28 


671 

04 
00 


21  40 


Free. 


Free. 


71 


Free. 


28 

288 

8  80 
888 

7  14 

288 


Free. 


JummtkB. 


8.00 
l&OO 


24.00 

a20 
0.40 


00.00 


8L00 


LOO 

10.00 

16.00 
14.00 

80.00 

10.00 


1  42 

6.00 

4  76 

2a  00 

05 

4.00 

47 

2.00 

69 

2L60 

07 

.80 

23 

hOO 

11 

.50. 

TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


65 


Ofrman  customs  fartjf— Continued. 


CommoditlM. 


«.  Cotfsei,Bot  printed, ofl-cloth  (packing  cloth) 100  kilos.. 

h.  OtlMroU-dotli;  ftiM  leather  cloth,  bookbinden' cloth do... 

«.  Waxied  mnallii, waxed  taffet* do..., 

XU.— Wool,  indu§iv€  ^  aivimta*^  hair,  not  othsrwif  provided  for,  and 

mant^faeturea  thereof. 

«.  WooL  raw,  dyed,  painted;  alao  hair,  raw,  hackled,  boiled,  dyed,  and 

coned 

h.  Combed  wool 100  kilos.. 

«.  Yam  (pure  wool  or  mixed,  not  with  cotton) : 

1.  Qf  cattle  hair,  sinjrle  or  doable,  of  all  kinds;  wadding 100  kilos.. 

2.  Kap.  mohair  alpaca  yam  single,  dyed  or  not,  doable  undyed . .  do 

S.  Doable  dyed,  triple  or  more  twist»  dyed  or  not do 

i.  Other  yam: 

Baw,sin(de lOOkflos.. 

Baw.  doable do 

Bleached  or  dyed,  single  -.! do 

Bleached  or  dyed,  doable,  triple,  or  more  twist>  raw,  bleached,  or 

dyed 100  kilos.... 

■aniifactares,  also  mixed  with  cotton,  linen,  or  metallio  thread : 

1.  ClothselTage 

2.  Coarse^  not  printed,  not  dyed  felts 100  kilos  . 

S.  Bugs,  blankets,  containing  dyed  or  not  dyed  yam  of  cattle  hair .  do . . 

4.  Hot  printed  felts,  not  belonging  ander  jSo.jKXi  not  printed  felt 

goods  and  hosiery,  and  carpets,  rags,  also  printed ;  of  wood  or  other 
animal  hair,  exdosive  of  cattle  and  horse  hair ;  also  mixed  with 
TegetAble  fibers  and  other  spinning  materials ._....  100  kilos. . 

5.  TJnprinted  cloths  and  staffs  not  inoloded  ander  No.  VII do 

6.  Printed  goods,  not  carpets  or  rags,  ribbon  and  button-makers* 

goods,  plushes,  tissaes.  mixed  with  metallio  threads 100  kilos. . 

7.  Laces,  talle,ana  embroideries;  also  woven  shawls  ot  three  or  more 

colors 100  kilos.. 

8.  Woven  shawls  of  flye  or  more  colors do 

XLIL — Zine^  aUo  aUoyed  with  lead  or  tin^  and  man%facturet  tKereqf. 


a,  Snetn  pigs  or  blocks,  old  sine 

b.  InsheeU 100 kilos.. 

c   Coarse  articles  of  zinc;  also  in  connection  with  wood,  iron,  lead,  or  tin, 

not  polished  or  Uoqaered ;  zinc  wire 100  kilos. . 

d.  Fancy  articles  of  sine,  also  lacqaered ;  likewise  zinc  wares  combined 


'^ancT  articles  ox  sine,  aiso  lacqt 
wite  other  materials,  provided  toey  do  not  come  ander  No.  XX .  100  kilos 

XLHL — Tin,  oifo  aUoyed  %rith  lead,  antimony,  or  rine,  andr  mannfaeturee 

thereof. 


a.  Tin  in  pigs  or  blocks 

b.  InabeeU 100 kilos.. 

«.  Coarse  tinwaree,  also  in  connection  with  wood,  iron,  lead,  or  sine,  not 

polished  or  laooaered  ;  tinware 100  kilos.. 

d.  Faaey  articles  of  tin,  also  lacqaered;  likewise  tin  wares  combined  with 
other  materials,  provided  they  do  not  thereby  come  ander  No.  XX 100 
kilos 


Bates  of  daty. 


In  United 
States  money. 


$2  85 

7  14 

11  90 


In  marks. 


Free. 


Free. 


47 

71 

71 

6  71 

1  90 
288 
285 

5  71 


71 
571 


23  80 
82  18 

85  70 

7140 
107  10 


Free. 


71 
142 
5  71 


Free. 


71 
142 

671 


12.00 
80.00 
6a  00 


2.00 

8.00 

8.00 

24.00 

&00 
10.00 
12L00 

24.00 


8.00 
24.00 


100.00 
185.00 

150.00 

800.00 
450.00 


8.00 

&00 

24.00 


8.00 
&00 

24.00 


EFFECTS  OF  THE  OEBMAV  TAEIFF. 


SEPOST  BY  CONSUL  WIN8EE,  OF  80NNEBBRQ. 

The  qnestion  as  to  how  far  the  new  German  tariff  has  contributed  to 
the  more  satisfactory  state  of  trade  is  generally  discussed;  but  it  is 
altogether  too  early  to  give  an  exact  opinion  upon  so  weighty  a  matter. 
Indeed,  both  the  advocates  and  the  opponents  of  the  new  tariff,  in  the 
Imperial  Parliament  and  outside  of  it,  concur  in  the  belief  that,  after  so 
brief  an  interval  since  the  tariff  was  put  in  force,  it  is  impossible  to 
JQdge  at  present  whether  it  will  work  favorably  or  the  reverse  upon  the 

1784  CONG — II  p 6 


66  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

business  interests  of  the  nation.  The  necessary  experience  mast  first  be 
obtained.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  new  tariff  went  into  operation 
on  the  31st  of  May,  1879,  with  regard  to  raw  iron  of  every  sort ;  on  the 
5th  of  July,  1879,  for  groceries  and  other  articles  of  consumption,  as 
well  as  for  petroleum ;  and  on  the  17th  of  July  for  tobacco  and  the  man- 
ufactures thereof.  Before  the  introduction  of  the  new  duties  specula- 
tion in  each  of  these  commodities  was  quite  rife,  as  the  customs  statis- 
tics show,  and  large  quantities  of  the  merchandise  so  soon  to  be  afiected 
were  brought  into  Germany  before  the  closing  of  the  door.  There  were 
immense  stocks  of  dutiable  foreign  goods  on  hand,  therefore,  when  the 
tariff  came  into  operation,  and  the  speculation  was  principally^  carried 
on  in  raw,  scrap,  and  bar  iron  and  the  manufactures  thereof;  in  tin- 
ware, wine,  tobacco,  lard,  tallow,  petroleum,  cotton,  wool,  leather,  palm 
oil,  and  other  raw  materials.  This  speculation  was  continued  in  those 
articles  upon  which  the  increase  of  duty  was  fixed  for  the  first  of  Jan- 
uary, 1880.  The  inevitable  result  of  the  excessive  imports  of  dutiable 
merchandise  during  several  months  was  to  reduce  these  imports  below  the 
normal  quantities  subsequently.  Theresultof  the  speculation  of  last  year, 
therefore,  has  been  to  frustrate  the  expectations  of  the  protectionists, 
who  counted  securely  upon  an  immediate  improvement  in  the  condition 
of  home  industries,  while  the  anticipated  advantage  to  the  exchequer 
of  the  empire,  for  the  same  reason,  has  not  been  secured.  likely 
enough  the  expected  favorable  results,  as  well  as  the  feared  unfavorable 
consequences,  of  the  tariff  have  been  overrated.  The  protection  of 
German  industries  is  only  one  of  the  factors  which  enters  into  the  many- 
sided  question  of  fostering  the  prosperity  of  the  manufacturing  classes, 
the  hoped-for  benefits  of  which  policy  may  be  paralyzed  if  not  de- 
stroyed by  factitious  influences  that  are  constantly  arising.  But  par- 
ticular value  is  laid  upon  the  tariff'  as  a  well-adapted  basis  upon  which 
to  enter  upon  future  commercial  conventions,  bringing  Germany  into  a 
more  favorable  condition  in  juxtaposition  with  foreign  countries,  and 
enabling  her  to  seek  a  quid  pro  quo  where  she  makes  concessions  to  her 
neighbors.  The  existing  commercial  conventions  between  Germany  and 
Austria,  France,  Belgium,  Italy,  and  Switzerland,  are  only  provisional^ 
and  the  uncertainty  respecting  their  prolongation  and  ultimate  renewal, 
with  modifications^  works  harmfully  upon  the  German  export  trade^ 
exerting  a  more  crippling  influence  the  longer  it  continues. 


PROPOSED  IVCBEASE  OF  DUTT  OH  FLOUB  IV  OERKAHT. 

SBPOBT  BY  OONSUL-QENERAL  KREISMANK,  OF  BERLIN. 

I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  a  bill  has  just  been  submitted  to  the 
Beichstag  by  the  Imperial  Government  for  so  amending  the  present 
German  tariff  act  as  to  impose  a  duty  of  15  marks  ($3.57)  per  100  kilos 
(220  pounds  avoirdupois)  on  fresh  grapes,  and  increase  the  duty  on  flour^ 
&c.,  from  2  marks  (47.6  cents)  to  3  marks  (71.4  cents)  per  100  kilos  from 
and  after  the  1st  of  July  next.  This  latter  provision,  it  is  understood^ 
is  largely  aimed,  among  other  purposes,  against  the  importation  of  wheat 
flour  from  the  United  States. 

In  support  of  the  proposed  measures  the  Government  submite  the 
following  considerations: 

In  No.  25,  Q.  2,  of  the  customs-tariff  a  duty  of  2  marks  (47.6  cento)  is 
imposed  on  mill  products  of  grain  and  pulse,  and  especially  also  on 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  67 

floor.  This  duty  corresponds  to  the  rate  originally  proposed  by  the 
allied  govemraents  in  the  bill  of  April  4, 1879.  But  inasmuch  as  the 
Reichstag  raised  the  duty  intended  for  rye  from  0.50  marks  (11.9  cents) 
per  100  kilos  (220  pounds  avoirdupois)  to  1.00  marks  (23.8  cents),  making 
it  equal  to  the  duty  levied  on  wheat,  complaints  are  now  made  by  the 
parties  engaged  in  the  flour-mill  industry  that  the  duty  on  flour  is  too 
low  as  compared  with  that  of  grain,  and  that  no  sufficient  protection  is 
afforded  thereby  to  the  German  flour-mill  industry.  To  justify  this 
complaint  it  is  claimed  that  since  those  rates  of  duty  have  taken  eflect 

5 January  1, 1880)  the  importation  of  rye  flour  from  France  and  of  wheat 
lour  firom  the  United  States  has  been  constantly  increasing.  And  it  is 
indeed  a  fact  that  in  1880  there  has  been  a  considerab!e  importation, 
steadily  increasing  from  quarter  to  quarter,  of  flour  chiefly  from  Austria- 
Hungry,  France,  and  Belgium,  and  also  from  the  United  States  of 
America.  The  increased  importations  as  regards  the  neigh horing  coun- 
tries mentioned  are  all  the  more  significant  in  view  of  the  circumstance 
that  a  simultaneous  decrease  has  ensued  in  the  exporting  capacity  of 
the  mills  in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  Germany,  the  very 
regions  having  the  closest  connections  with  said  countries.  Under  these 
circnmstanoes  the  flour-mill  industry  naturally  had  in  a  greater  degree 
to  rely  on  the  home  market  for  the  sale  of  its  products.  That  the  foreign 
floar-mill  industry  is  able  nevertheless  to  participate  to  a  very  large 
extent  in  the  supply  of  the  home  market  goes  to  establish  the  fact  that 
the  duly  on  flour  in  proportion  to  that  on  grain  is  insufficient  for  the 
interests  of  the  home  industry,  a  state  of  things  the  more  strongly 
affording  cause  for  apprehensions  as,  according  to  consular  reports  re- 
ceived, an  enormous  production  of  flour  is  going  on  in  the  United 
States  for  the  sale  of  which  in  the  German  market  all  means  are  to  be 
resorted  to. 

No  doubt  can  well  be  entertained,  therefore,  that  an  increase  of  the 
duty  of  flour  is  required.  Fixing  it  at  3  marks  (71.4  cents)  per  100  kilos 
(220  pounds  avoirdupois)  the  protection  afforded  to  the  flour-mill  indus- 
try under  the  tariffs  in  force  iix)m  the  year  1857  to  the  first  of  July,  1865, 
when  all  duties  on  flour  and  grain  were  repealed,  will  not  be  attained ; 
bat,  in  view  of  the  high  state  of  perfection  the  German  flour- mill  indus- 
try has  reached,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  said  rate  of  duty  of  3  marks 
(71.4  cents)  per  100  kilos  f220  pounds  avoirdupois)  would  suffice  to  se- 
cure for  this  industry  the  nome  market  to  the  required  extent. 

In  addition  to  flour,  such  other  mill  products  of  grain  and  pulse  as 
crushed  or  shelled  grain,  peeled  pearl  barley,  groats,  &c.,  as  well  as 
ordinary  bakers'  wares,  are  subject  also  to  the  rate  of  duty  fixed  in  No. 
25,  Q.  2,  of  the  tariff*;  any  increase  of  duty  on  flour,  therefore,  would 
extend  in  like  measure  to  those  articles  also.  No  doubt  seems  to  be 
entertained  of  the  passage  of  the  bill. 

H.  KEBISMANN, 

ConsuUOeneraL 

CtoNSULATB-GSNBBAL  OF  THB  UNITBD  STATES, 

Berlin^  May  7, 1881. 


68 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEEtAL   COUNTRIES. 


EPEECT  OF  TABIFF  OH  FOOD  PRICES. 

REPORT  ET  OONSVL  80H0ENLE,  OF  GIESTEMUNDE-BREMERHAYEN. 

The  fact  that  the  cost  of  the  necessaries  of  life  has  almost  invariably 
increased  in  ratio  with  the  increase  of  import  duties  on  household  arti- 
cles cannot  be  argaed  away  by  German  economists,  and  this  fact  remains 
suspended,  like  the  sword  of  Damocles,  over  all  economical  and  social 
relations  in  the  German  Empire.  These  high  prices,  put  in  juxtaposi- 
tion with  the  low  rates  of  wages,  are  very  acutely  felt  by  the  laboring 
classes,  and  to  pull  through  these  hard  times  is  a  very  difficult  task 
for  them. 

The  following  comparative  statement  of  the  prices  of  the  necessaries 
of  life,  compiled  by  the  chamber  of  commerce  at  Bothum,  Westphalia, 
shows  that  the  prices  of  almost  every  article  for  family  use  have  in- 
creased since  the  adoption  of  the  German  tariff  laws.  The  prices  are 
give^  in  marks  and  pfennigs  per  kilogram : 


^ 

May  1,1879. 

May  1,1881. 

1881. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

Batter 

220 
29 
29 

220 
82 
67 
19 
86 

130 

100 

170 

90 

44 

66 
96 
8 
14 
20 

240 
34 
34 

220 
36 
65 
24 
36 

160 
120 
176 
130 

40 

56 

92 

6 

20 
27 

20 
5 
5 

Beana.. 

Peaa 

Coffee,  raw.  medium  JaTa 

Wheat  flour 

4 

Rape  oil 

s 

Petroleum 

6 

Kice 

Bacon: 

Wentphallan 

80 

20 

5 

40 

1 

Amencan 

Ham.  raw 

Lard 

Soap: 

Soft 

4 

Hard 

Sacrar,  refined 

•  •• 

4 

Potatoes 

2 

Rye  bread 

6 
7 

Affixed  bread  rhalf  rre  and  half  wheat)  .^.^r..,-,..^^ 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  table  that  the  increase  of  the  price  in 
petroleum,  lard,  and  bacon  is  very  considerable,  just  in  those  articles 
upon  which  high  import  duties  have  been  laid,  and  also  in  bread,  owing 
to  the  import  duty  on  flour.  Sugar  and  potatoes  have  not  been  affected 
by  the  new  tariff  law,  as  the  duties  on  sugar  remain  unchanged,  and 
potatoes  enter  firee  of  duty.  Most  of  the  bacon,  and  especially  lard, 
was  imported  from  the  United  States. 

When  we  regard  the  fact  that  the  laboring  classes  of  Germany  have 
to  work  hard  from  one  year  to  another  to  procure  for  themselves  and 
their  families  the  necessaries  of  life,  the  accumulation  of  small  savings 
for  <'a  rainy  day"  is  of  rare  occun^nce.  Thus,  it  is  not  to  be  wonder^ 
at  that  every  vear  hundreds  of  thousands  turn  their  back  on  their 
native  land  and  seek  better  earnings  and  cheaper  as  well  as  substantial 
liviug  in  the  United  States,  and  that  the  socialistic  agitation  will,  in 
spite  of  all  restrictive  and  prohibitory  laws,  not  come  to  a  halt  and  rest. 

WOLFGANG  SCHOENLB, 

CotisuL 

United  States  Consulate, 

Barmen^  October  28, 1881. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  69 


CU8T01C8  BUUHOS  AOADTST  AMERICAV  CANNED  MEATS. 

REPOBT  BT  CONSUL  BOHOENLB,  OF  BARMEK. 

There  is  much  ingenuity  in  the  persistent  warfare  waged  in  most  of 
the  European  countries  against  American  provisions,  especially  salted 
pork|  lard,  and  canned  meats,  and  these  attacks  still  continue  as  bitter 
and  persistent  as  ever.  The  contest  is,  at  intervals,  taken  up  and 
fiercely  carried  on  under  the  pretense  of  protecting  the  sanitary  condi- 
tion of  the  people,  and  while  the  masses  have  been  systematically 
frightened  into  the  trichina  scare  another  method  has  been  resorted  to 
in  German}^  for  the  purpose  of  hampering  the  importation  of  canned 
meata,  if  not  putting  a  regular  embargo  on  them.  The  reckless  reports 
circulated  lately  in  several  German  prints  that  the  canned  meats  are 
prepared  in  the  United  States  from  the  flesh  of  diseased  animals,  to- 
gether with  other  vindictive  diatribes  setting  forth  the  danger  of  using 
these  preserved  provisions,  did  not  cause  any  great  falling  off  in  the 
consumption  of  the  same.  Their  superiority  over  other  conserved 
meats  has  been  recognized  and  appreciated,  and  they  have  grown  so 
rapidly  in  popular  favor  that  they  are  now  sold  in  almost  every  retail 
grocery  in  the  principal  German  cities.  In  order,  however,  to  drive 
these  articles  of  food  out  of  market  and  render  their  importation  im- 
possible, recourse  has  been  had  in  Germany  to  an  extraordinary  customs 
contrivance,  which  has  hardly  a  parallel  in  the  history  of  tariff  laws. 

Since  the  adoption  of  the  new  German  tariff,  about  two  years  ago, 
canned  beef,  tongues,  meats,  soups,'  and  minced  meats  have  been  clas- 
sifieil  under  the  head  of  "slaughtered  and  prepared  meats,"  and  are  sub- 
ject to  a  duty  of  12  marks  ($2.86)  per  100  kilos  (220  pounds  avoirdu- 
pois), a  duty  which  represents  about  15  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the 
merchandise. 

One  day,  however,  a  customhouse  official  in  Flensburg  made  a  start- 
ling discovery.    He  found  that  labels  were  affixed  to  these  tin  boxes,  and 
consequently  the  cases  are,  technically,  in  connection  and  coherence 
with  another  material.  Inasmuch,  according  to  instructions,  as  the  pack- 
ing thus  classified  is  liable  to  the  duties  on  the  whole  object,  such  goods, 
according  to  the  official  register,  came  under  another  heading  in  the 
tariff^  and  we  find  corned  b^f  and  similar  articles  classified  by  this  cus- 
tom-house wiseacre  under  the  head  of  iron  tcareSj  such  as  knives,  scis- 
sors, hair-pins,  &c.,  and  subjected  to  a  duty  of  24  marks  ($5.72)  per  loO 
kilos,  just  doubling  the  amount  to  be  paid.    The  custom-house  director 
for  Schleswig-Holstein,  to  whom  the  interested  party  applied  for  redress, 
confirmed  the  deeision  of  the  subordinate  officer,  and  the  minister  of 
finance  at  Berlin  sustained  it,  and  issued  instructions  (June  30, 1881) 
to  all  the  head  custom-houses  to  be  guided  by  said  decision,  so  that 
henceforth  duties  on  corned  beef,  &c.,  in  labeled  boxes  are  to  be  col- 
lected *^  under  the  classification  of  knives,  scissors,  hair-pins,"  &c.    Thus 
the  contents  of  the  boxes  are  not  treated  as  dutiable,  but  simply  the 
labeled  boxes  themselves.    And  some  dealers  in  imported  tneats  at 
Hamburg  and  Leipsic,  who  were  not  able  to  comprehend  the  profundity 
of  this  ingenious  interpretation  of  the  tariff  laws,  submitted  a  memo- 
randum in  reference  to  the  case  to  the  Bundesrath,  the  last  resort  and 
final  arbiter  in  customs  aff'airs.    But  this  august  body  has  not  yet  ren- 
dered decision  on  the  subject,  and  the  Imperial  chief  custom-house,  with- 


70  TAEIPFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

out  waiting  for  such  decisioD,  has  made  arrangements  to  proceed  to  the 
collection  of  the  after-payment  of  duties  on  the  articles  above  referred  to, 
so  that  by  this  operation  the  retail  dealers  are  simply  the  losers  of  this 
additional  duty  of  15  per  cent.,  as  the  contents  of  these  boxes  had  been 
eaten  up  long  ago.  It  is  obvious  that  this  arbitrary  and  unjustifiable 
increase  of  import  duties  on  canned  meats  must  work  as  a  prohibitive 
clause,  and  such  an  interpretation  of  the  tariff  laws  is  in  direct  violation 
of  international  comity,  and  unjust  in  its  application.  As  a  result  of 
such  proceedings,  the  question  may  probably  arise  for  consideration  and 
legislation  of  the  American  Government,  whether  it  be  not  time  to  devise 
retaliatory  measures  against  any  oppressive  and  unfair  ruling,  prejudi- 
cial to  the  interests  of  American  commerce  with  Germany. 

WOLFGANG  SCHOBNLE, 

OansuL 
United  States  Consulate, 

Barmenj  November  24, 1881. 


CUSTOMS  BUinrOS  BT  which  the  COHTENTS  are  ASSESSED  AC- 
COBDIVO  TO  THE  MATERIAL  OF  WHICH  THE  PACKAGES  ARE 
COMPOSED. 

BEPORT  BT  OONSVL-QENBBAL  VOGELBR,  OF FBANKFOBTONTHEMAm. 

Considerable  interest  has  lately  been  excited  by  the  action  of  the 
German  customs  authorities  with  reference  to  the  rate  of  import  duty 
levied  upon  certain  articles  of  foreign  production  and  manufacture. 
Reports  of  changes  in  the  assessment  of  import  duties  on  American  ar- 
ticles have  b^n  made  to  the  Department  of  State  by  consular  officers 
of  the  United  States  from  different  points  of  the  German  Empire,  ac- 
companied by  such  comments  and  criticisms  as  tbe  nature  of  these 
changes  in  each  particular  instance  seemed  to  justify  or  require. 

Without  examining  how  far  these  comments  or  any  of  them  were  just, 
and  without  desiring  in  the  least  to  criticise  the  reports  of  these  consu- 
lar officers,  who  deserve  the  commendation  of  the  Department  for  their 
vigilance  and  zeal  in  the  discharge  of  their  official  duties,  I  desire  to 
submit  to  the  Department  of  State  a  general  review  of  the  whole  ques- 
tion, and  of  the  action  of  the  German  authorities  with  reference  thereto, 
in  order  that  the  Department  may  be  able  to  judge  of  these  proceedings 
wirh  all  the  light  which  it  is  possible  at  the  present  time  to  throw  upon 
them. 

Tbe  aim  of  the  founders  of  the  North  German  Confederation — the  pre- 
cursor of  the  German  Empire — was  so  to  coalesce  by  uniformity  of  laws 
and  proceedings,  of  taxes  and  duties,  of  money,  weights,  and  measures, 
and  of  postal,  telegraph,  and  railroad  arrangements,  the  different  states 
and  people  composing  the  German  nation,  as  that  in  case  of  an  attack 
by  a  hostile  neighbor  the  feeling  of  unity  engendered  by  these  power- 
ful material  agencies  should  be  so  spontaneous  and  strong  among  the 
people  as  to  exclude  the  possibility  of  internal  dissensions,  or  of  a  re- 
fusal on  the  part  of  any  of  the  German  states  to  aid  in  the  common  de- 
fense. How  wisely  the  plan  was  conceived,  how  admirably  carried  out, 
and  how  fully  vindicated  when  the  shock  of  1870  came,  is  a  matter  of 
history.    It  was  a  masterpiece  of  farseeing  stati  smanship. 

But  not  only  the  political,  but  also  the  material,  results,  growing  out 
of  tbis  commercial  and  financial  consolidation  of  Germany,  have  beeu^ 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  71 

on  the  whole,  beneficial.  Obsolete  internal  costoms  regalations  have 
been  annulled,  the  mnltifarioas  weights,  measures,  and  coins,  of  more 
than  30  independent  German  principalities  superseded  by  a  uniform 
system  of  weights,  measures,  and  money ;  in  short,  the  thousand  and 
one  vexatious  regulations  which  impeded  the  free  and  wholesome  com- 
mercial intercourse  between  the  people  of  the  different  Grerman  states 
have  been  abolished,  and  an  era  of  greater  commercial  activity  and  en- 
terprise inaugurated. 

The  German  Customs  Union — ^'Deutsche  Zollverein^ — was  one  of  the 
agencies  put  into  operation  to  foster  and  strengthen  the  feeling  of  Ger- 
man unity.  The  agitation  in  favor  of  it  antedates  by  many  years  the 
formation  of  the  North  German  Confederation.  The  idea  originated 
with  Prussian  statesmen,  and  was  finally  consummated  through  the  in- 
fluence of  Prussian  diplomacy  on  June  4, 1867.  The  first  uniform  tariff 
law  was  passed  October  1, 1870.  It  was  amended  by  the  law  of  July  7, 
1873.  Finally,  both  these  laws  were  repealed  and  superseded  by  the 
law  of  July  15, 1879.  This  is  the  tariff  law  now  in  force.  It  was  pro- 
mulgated by  the  Emperor  of  Germany  in  the  name  of  the  German  Em- 
pire, with  the  consent  of  the  "Bundesrath''  and  "Eeichstag."  The 
Empire  (Beich),  it  should  be  stated,  had  succeeded  to  the  rights  and 
duties  of  the  ZoU  Parliament  The  law  of  July  15, 1879,  took  effect  on 
January  1,  1880.  It  was  the  result  of  a  radical  change  of  policy  on  the 
part  of  the  German  Government  with  reference  to  the  method  of  raising 
the  revenues  of  the  empire.  The  policy  of  the  Government  had  been, 
np  to  the  year  1879,  essentially  a  free-trade  policy.  The  tariff  of  1870, 
as  amended  in  1873,  had  been  very  low.  No  protective  power,  or  even 
intent,  was  claimed  for  it.  Until  the  year  1879  it  had  not  been  thought 
expedient  to  raise  any  considerable  portion  of  the  revenues  of  the  em- 
pire by  indirect  methods  of  taxation.  Direct  taxes,  enabling  every  citi- 
zen to  calculate  precisely  what  the  protection  of  the  Government  cost 
him,  had  been  the  boast  of  the  leading  German  statt^. 

In  1879  all  this  was  changed.  By  a  skillful  consolidation  of  different 
parties  in  the  German  Reichstag,  brought  about  by  means  of  political 
influences,  a  solid  phalanx  was  formed  in  favor  of  a  revision  of  the  tariff. 
To  this  phalanx  were  added  many  members  of  other  parties,  represent- 
ing constituencies  interested  in  a  high  protective  tariff,  and  thus  the 
German  chancellor  succeeded  in  procuring  the  passage  of  a  tariff  law, 
which,  aB  compared  with  that  of  1870,  is,  in  its  intent  and  operation,  a 
protective  tariff  law.  More  than  that,  it  is  the  declared  purpose  of  the 
Imperial  Government,  as  announced  in  imperial  messages  and  minis- 
terial speeches,  to  raise  all  or  nearly  all  its  revenues  by  duties  on  im- 
ports on  the  one  hand  and  the  proceeds  resulting  from  the  operation  of 
the  post,  the  telegraph,  the  railroa<ls,  the  mines,  and  forests,  and  the 
monopolized  manufacture  of  tobacco  and  cigars  on  the  other. 

A  characteristic  feature  of  the  German  tariff*  law,  the  one  which  dis- 
tinguishes it  most  widely  from  that  of  the  United  States,  is  the  almost 
entire  absence  of  all  "  ad  valorem^  duties.  It  is  essentially  a  "  tariff  of 
weight.^  Only  a  few  articles,  such  as  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  &c., 
and  some  minor  articles  of  manufacture,  are  assessed  by  the  piece,  while 
the  only  articles  which  pay  an  ad  valorem  duty  are  plain  and  uphol- 
stered railway  carriages,  the  latter  paying  6  and  10  per  cent,  of  their 
value  respectively.  This  fact  should  be  borne  in  mind  in  order  to  appre- 
hend the  points  hereinafter  discussed. 

The  tariff  is  fixed  in  marks,  the  monetary  unit  of  Germany  (one  mark 
equal  to  23.8  cents  of  the  money  of  the  United  States).    The  unit  of 


M 


72  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

weight,  for  purposes  of  the  tariff,  is  100  kilograms  (one  kilogram  equal 
to  2.2  pounds  of  the  weight  of  the  United  States). 

Many  natural  products  are  free  of  duty }  among  these  I  mention  raw 
metals  (except  iron);  cord  wood;  raw  skins  and  hides;  horse  hair,  camel 
hair;  minerals;  raw  cotton,  wool,  and  silk;  coal,  charcoal,  and  peat; 
pitch,  tar,  animal  oil,  &c.  Others  pay  a  low  rate  of  duty ;  timber,  for 
example,  pays  0.10  mark  per  100  kilograms;  barrel  staves,  0.30  maik; 
tan  bark,  0.50  mark ;  soda,  1.50  marks.  Pig-iron  pays  1  mark  per  100 
kilograms;  petroleum,  6  marks;  meat,  raw  or  preserved  is  set  down  at 
12  marks;  preserved  fruit  at  60  marks.  Cheese  of  all  kinds  pays  24 
marks;  fine  zinc  ware  and  fine  iron  ware,  24  marks  per  100  kilograms. 
My  reason  for  setting  down  the  amount  of  duty  assessed  on  some  of  the 
articles  mentioned  will  presently  appear.  Wheat  is  1  mark  per  100 
kilograms;  rye,  the  same;  barley,  0.50  mark;  rape,  0.30  mark;  flour,  2 
marks;  even  such  articles  as  cutlery,  furniture,  perfumeries,  millinery 
goods,  umbrellas,  embroideries,  silk  dresses,  silk  hats,  &c.,  are  assessed 
by  the  100  kilograms.  As  a  matter  of  curiosity,  I  may  mention  that 
the  last-named  article  (silk  hats)  is  set  down  at  600  marks  per  100  kilo- 
grams, and  the  last  but  one  (silk  dresses)  at  900  marks. 

The  desire  of  the  German  Government,  frequently  expressed,  to  ob- 
tain the  highest  possible  amount  of  revenue,  by  indirect  methods  of  tax- 
ation, has  already  been  referred  to.  There  is  no  rotation  in  office  in 
Germany.  The  tenure  is  a  life  tenure.  Appointments  to  the  liigber 
offices  are  made  after  the  completion  of  a  course  ot  study,  prescribed  by 
law,  closed  by  thorough  examination  at  the  end  of  distinct  curricula. 
Promotions  are  generally  made  very  slowly  and  gntdually,  from  place 
to  place,  as  a  reward  for  long  and  faithful  service  in  the  inferior  posi- 
tion ;  in  rare  instances  only,  rapid  promotion  takes  place,  as  a  recogni- 
tion of  peculiar  aptitude  or  superior  qualification.  The  subordinate 
offices  are  given  to  subaltern  army  officers,  who  have  served  uninter- 
ruptedly for  twelve  years  or  more,  and  who  desire  to  exchange  the  oc- 
cupation of  a  drill-master  with  that  of  a  uniformed  customs  or  internal- 
revenue  officer  or  the  like.  As  a  matter  of  course,  the  members  of  tbis 
entire  organization  are  intensely  loyal.  They  study  and  apprehend 
quickly  the  general  tendencies  of  the  Imperial  Government.  They  seek 
in  every  way  to  respond,  not  only  to  the  direct  instructions,  but  also  to 
the  general  policy  and  desire  of  the  Government,  as  revealed  to  them 
by  the  utterances  of  the  ministers  and  official  press. 

The  custom-house  regulations  are  prescribed  by  the  ^^  Bundesrath,'^ 
that  body  which  i*epresents  the  different  German  states,  and  therefore 
somewhat  resembles  our  Senate,  while  the  Beichstag,  the  principal  leg- 
islative body,  elected  directly  by  the  people  by  universal  suffi*age,  cor- 
responds more  nearly  to  our  House  of  Representatives.  Subsequently 
to  the  law  of  1870,  and  to  carry  out  its  provisions,  viz,  on  the  19th  day 
of  November,  1871,  the  Eeichstag  passed  a  series  of  custom-house  reg- 
ulations with  reference  to  inclosures  (tare)  of  different  articles  of  export. 
Most  of  these  regulations  are  still  in  force.  The  general  rule  as  to  in- 
closure  of  goods  (tare)  is  this :  That  on  articles  assessed  at  a  rate  not 
exceeding  6  marks  per  100  kilograms,  the  duty  is  charged  on  the  gross 
weight,  while  of  those  paying  a  higher  rate  than  6  marks,  the  net  weight 
is  ascertained  and  no  charge  made  for  the  tare. 

There  are,  however,  many  exceptions  to  this  rule.  One  of  these  ex- 
ceptions was,  and  is  (for  the  regulation  is  still  in  force),  to  this  effect^ 
viz:  That  if  the  inclosure  (tare)  of  an  article  of  import  belongs  to  a  class 
of  articles  on  which  a  duty  of  24  marks  per  100  kilograms,  or  more,  is 
assessed,  while  the  article  it  incloses  pays  a  duty  of  12  marks  or  less^ 


TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  73 

then  the  daty  shall  be  assessed  on  the  joint  weight  of  the  inclosure  and 
the  article  inclosed,  at  the  rate  of  the  duty  on  the  inclosure  (tare). 

It  is  very  evident  that  this  regulation  was  directed  against  frauds  on 
the  revenue ;  that  its  aim  was  to  prevent,  for  instance,  the  importation 
of  a  material  taxed  at  24  marks  or  more,  by  makiug  it  serve  as  an  in- 
closure (tare)  of  an  article,  taxed  at  say  3  or  4  marks  per  100  kilograms. 
If  this  does  not  appear  from  the  wording  of  the  regulation  itself,  it  does 
appear  from  the  reading  of  the  law  to  which  these  regulations  are  sim- 
ply executory. 

But  right  here  the  desire  of  the  customs  officers  to  propitiate  as  much 
as  possible  the  aims  of  the  Government  made  itself  felt.  The  regulation 
referred  to  was  used  to  change  the  existing  revenue  law  and  materially 
to  raise  the  rates  of  duty  on  many  articles.  Up  to  the  year  1879  it  had 
been  entirely  dormant ;  now  it  became  at  once  a  living  law.  The  spirit 
was  lost  sight  of— it  was  carried  out  according  to  the  letter.  Fo  inten- 
tion to  discriminate  against  any  particular  country  is  apparent.  Fothiug 
but  a  desire  to  increase  the  revenues,  and  at  the  same  time  to  protect 
home  production  and  industries,  in  defiance,  it  is  true,  of  existing  laws, 
can  fairly  be  charged.  But  in  the  latter  direction  findings  of  fact  are 
made,  and  decisions  based  thereon  which  stagger  credulity.  American- 
preserved  meat,  instead  of  being  assessed  at  12  marks  per  100  kilo- 
grams, is  admitted  as  ''fine  iron  ware,"  because  contained  in  tin  boxes, 
and  a  duty  of  24  marks  i>er  100  kilograms;  emery,  which  is  free,  if 
X>acked  in  tin  boxes  is  made  to  pay  24  marks,  on  the  same  ground : 
cheese,  instead  of  20  marks,  if  wrapped  in  tinfoil  pays  24  marks,  and 
there  have  been  instances  in  which  200  marks  were  assessed,  because, 
in  the  opinion  of  the  custom-house  officers,  there  was  in  the  encasing 
an  admixture  of  silver.  Ink  has  been  rated  at  30  marks  instead  of  3 
marks,  because  contained  in  what  was  declared  to  be  '•  fine  glassware.'' 
Well  might  a  member  of  the  Eeichstag,  commenting  upon  these  absurd- 
ities, ask :  ''  How  else  than  in  bottles  was  ink  expected  to  be  imported, 
when  it  was  set  down  in  the  law  at  3  marks  per  kilogram  f  Perhaps 
in  sapks  or  blotting  paper."  A  merchant  imported  a  number  of  empty 
champagne  bottles,  sealed  and  labeled,  to  make  a  display  in  his  show- 
window.  The  bottles  were  assessed  at  the  custom-house  at  30  marks 
per  100  kilograms,  as  '^fine  glassware,"  probably  because  they  were 
tastefully  labeled.  Knit  jackets  and  coats  have  been  charged  300 
marks,  instead  of  100  marks,  because  they,  seemed  to  the  zealous  cus- 
tom-house officers  to  come  under  the  head  of  "millinery  goods."  I 
might  continue  the  subject  indefinitely.  The  German  press  is  discuss- 
ing these  eccentricities  with  much  interest.  The  comic  papers  have  a 
regular  column  for  "  custom-house  curiosa" — travestying  the  decisions 
of  customhouse  officials  by  the  most  grotesque  inventions. 

The  absurdity  of  the  proceeding  has  been  brought  to  the  attention  of 
the  Government  by  numerous  German  importers.  The  director  of  cus- 
toms. Dr.  Burchardt,  has  been  called  upon  by  members  of  the  Reichstag 
to  explain  these  anomalies.  In  answer  to  the  questions  addressed  to 
this  highest  executive  officer  of  the  customs  department,  he  has  simply 
pointed  to  the  regulation  quoted. 

It  is  clear  that  this  cons^uction  of  the  regulation  in  question  is  utterly 
repugnant  to  the  tarifif  law  itself.  The  tarM*  law  was  enacted,  as  I  have 
stated,  by  the  Reichstag,  agreed  to  by  the  Bundesrath,  and  signed  and 
promulgated  by  the  Emperor  as  the  law  of  the  land.  The  supplement- 
ary regulations,  necessary  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  tariff  law, 
fall  within  the  province  of  the  Bundesrath.  That  these  regulations  must 
conform  to  aiid  be  consonant  with  the  law,  which  they  are  intended  to 


74  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

supplement  and  carry  out,  is  an  elementary  principle  of  jurisprudence; 
yet  the  director  of  customs  claims  to  stand  on  legal  ground,  and  refuses 
to  countermand  bis  orders  or  reverse  his  decisions,  as  long  as  the  regu- 
lation referred  to  remains  unrepealed  by  the  Buudesrath.  In  this  posi- 
tion be  is  enforced  by  the  general  tendency  of  the  Government  toward 
high  rates  of  duty  and  protection. 

Whether  this  condition  of  things  will  continue  for  any  length  of  time 
or  be  changed  by  legal  enactment  or  executive  regulation,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  pr^ict.  There  is  no  judicial  tribunal  in  the  country  competent 
to  decide  such  questions.  They  must  be  disposed  of  either  by  the 
Buudesrath  itself  changing  or  repealing  the  regulation  or  expounding 
its  intent  and  proper  application,  or  by  legislative  enactment.  It  is  but 
fair,  however,  to  state  that  the  decisions  of  the  custom  authorities  and 
the  proceedings  of  the  officers  in  pursuance  thereof,  although  they  affect 
very  materially  the  trade  in  articles  ot  American  production,  are  not 
dir^ted  against  the  interests  of  any  country  in  particular,  but  must  be 
accounted  for  on  the  basis  of  the  general  policy  of  the  Government 
herein  explained. 

I  have  endeavored  to  assign  for  these  strange  and  anomalous  pro- 
ceedings the  real  and  controlling  motives,  and  contend  that  they  furnish 
a  complete  and  natural  explanation  thereof,  and  I  respectfully  submit 
this  report  to  the  Department  of  State,  hoping  to  be  excused  if,  in  my 
desire  to  present  a  full  view  of  the  subject,  I  have  touched  upon  mat- 
ters of  history  with  which  the  Department  is  more  familiar  than  I  am 
myself. 

FERDmAND  VOGELER, 

Consul- General. 

United  States  Consulate-General, 

Frankfort-on-the-Mainy  January  26, 1882. 


OERMAH  DISCRIMIVATION  AGAINST  AMEBICAH  ILOrUPACTUSES. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  80H0ENLE,  OF  BARMEN. 

The  singular  and  vexatious  classification  of  American  corned  beef 
under  the  head  of  "fine  iron  wares''  in  the  official  schedule  of  the  rates 
of  duties  by  the  Gennan  Government,  has  been  officially  upheld  and 
defended  as  an  old  doctrine  laid  down  in  the  instructions  issued  to  the 
custom-house  officers  about  ten  years  ago.  It  is  thus  to  be  construed, 
that  in  all  cases  where  the  inclosing  cover  is  liable  to  higher  duty  than 
the  goods  themselves,  the  incasing  turns  up  as  a  dutiable  object.  Old 
as  the  doctrine  may  be,  the  interpretation  is  certainly  a  new  one,  for 
corned  beef  proper  has  been  subjected  in  Germany  to  the  import  duties 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  not  the  labeled  tin  boxes,  as  is  now  the  prac- 
tice. For  ten  years  German  customhouse  officers  appeared  not  to  be 
possessed  of  the  slightest  idea  of  this  abstruse  interpretation,  but  all  at 
once  a  new  spirit  came  upon  them,  so  to  speak. 

But  upon  which  theory  is  the  latest  tariff  discrimination  based,  and 
to  what  extent  will  American  exports  be  affected  by  it!  It  is  a  well 
known  fact  that  goods  made  of  horn,  and  especially  of  buffalo  horn,  such 
as  fine  combs,  have  been  extensively  imported  from  the  United  States 
to  Germany  for  a  number  of  years.  These  goods  by  a  process  of  rub- 
bing and  painting  assume  a  speckled  appearance  resembling  tortoise- 
shell,  and  had  been  classified  in  the  new  German  tariff  under  the  head 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  75 

of  ^^  fine  wood  wares,  aod  also  wares  of  vegetable  and  animal  carved 
materials  with  the  exception  of  tortoise-shell,"  and  accordingly  sabjected 
to  a  duty  of  30marks  ($7.14)  per  100  kilograms.  Likewise  pocket  knives, 
whose  handles  are  covered  with  Qnn  bone  or  horn,  which,  through  under- 
laid gold  spangle,  takes  almost  the  appearance  of  tortoise-shell,  had  to 
pay  np  to  this  time  the  same  rate  of  duty,  namely,  30  marks  per  100 
kilogiums. 

In  order,  however,  to  single  out  these  goods,  a  new  phraseology  has 
been  added  to  a  section  of  the  official  schedule  of  the  rates  of  duties, 
viz :  ^^  Gkxxls  made  wholly  or  partially  of  artificial  tortoise-shell,  respect- 
ively, imitations  of  tortoise-shell."  In  accordance  with  this  the  import 
duty  on  these  spot  ted  and  checkered  bone  and  horn  wares  has  been  raised 
to  200  marks  ($47.60)  per  100  kilograms. 

This  sudden  increase  of  duty  on  these  goods  to  an  almost  sevenfold 
amount  appears  to  be  the  less  warrantable  as  these  roughly  imitated 
component  parts  of  bone  and  horn  wares  are  put  on  the  same  level  with 
the  genuine  polished  tortoise-shell,  and  as  by  this  exceedingly  high  rate 
of  duty  their  future  importation  will  be  barred  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
render  it  almost  impossible.  There  is  evidently  method  in  these  tariff 
sophistries,  and  this  last  one  is  apt  to  appear  not  only  a  fiscal  eccen- 
tricity, but  an  unfriendly  act,  and  an  interested  and  intentional  unfair- 
ness on  the  part  of  the  German  Government. 

WOLPANG  SOHOENLE, 

CansuU 

United  States  Consulate, 

Barmenj  January  18, 1882. 


DIBCBIMnrATIVG  AGAINST   AMERICAH   PRODUCTS   AND   MAHV- 

FACTU&ES. 

The  Gebman  Tariff  and  American  Canned  Meats. 

SEPORT  BT  MB.  BVEBETT,  SECRETARY  OF  LEGATION  AT  BEBLIK. 

In  accordance  with  Department  instruction  of  the  26th  ultimo,  re- 
ceived yesterday,  I  have  the  honor  to  state  that,  on  inquiry  of  leading 
importers  here,  I  find  that  the  special  customhouse  regulation,  or,  rather, 
the  construction  of  it,  therein  mentioned,  classifying  American  canned 
beef  as  iron  ware,  has  within  the  last  ten  days  been  suspended.  There 
IS  always,  however,  the  possibility  of  its  being  again  applied,  which 
greatly  interferes  with  making  contracts,  besides  the  additional  griev- 
ance, which  is  perhaps  more  objected  to  by  importers  than  the  duties 
themselves,  that  all  tariff  laws  are  retrospective,  and  thus  every  new 
regulation,  especially  it'  it  increases  the  existing  duty,  may  be  applied  to 
all  goods  of  the  same  class  imported  during  the  previous  twelve  months, 
whether  sold  or  not.  Nor  are  goods  allowed  to  be  exjwrted  out  of  bond 
before  paying  duties,  as  in  England  and  America.  Whether  such  retro- 
spective application  occurs  when  duties  are  diminished  or  taken  off,  I 
have  not  yet  succeeded  in  positively  ascertaining.  The  withdrawal  of 
the  special  decision  in  question  is  probably  mainly  due  to  the  fact  that 
it  is  successfully  evaded  by  the  importation  of  the  beef  in  cans  without 
labels,  which  latter  are  sent  separately  by  post  and  affixed  subsequently 
to  the  payment  of  the  duties,  and  also  to  the  proposed  stamping  of  the 
cans,  as  is  done  in  the  case  of  French  canned  pease. 


76  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

A  more  oneroas  duty  has,  however,  been  nuder  the  same  regulation 
pot  on  American  shredded  codfish,  which  last  year  came  in  thin  wooden 
boxes,  snch  as  Swedish  matches  are  packed  in.  The  dnty  on  wood  being 
higher  than  that  on  fish,  this  article  of  food  was  then  taxed  as  '^wooden 
ware,''  in  the  same  defiance  of  natural  history  as  when  beef  was  classed 
as  iron  ware.  This,  however,  has  been  evaded  by  packing  the  fish  in 
pasteboard  boxes.  Sngar-cured  hams  being  covered  with  linen  cloth, 
are,  by  the  same  rale,  classed  as  ''fine  linen,"  and  subjected  to  a  much 
heavier  duty  than  pork,  &c. 

English  emery-powder,  which  is  one  of  the  very  cheapest  articles  of 
commerce,  is,  if  it  comes  in  tin  canisters,  as  it  usually  does,  taxed  as  irou 
ware,  which  effectively  stops  any  extensive  sale  of  it.  A  peculiar  kind 
of  liqueur  from  Kussia,  in  bottles  which  are  partly  protected  with  a 
silken  cover,  is  classed  as  ''silk  goods,"  which  are  taxed  higher  than 
spirits. 

Where  the  case  containing  the  food  does  not  give  a  sufiSciently  high 
duty,  the  expedient  is  resorted  to  of  classifying  the  goods  as  "fine  table 
delicacies,"  which  bear  a  very  high  duty.  This  is  the  case  with  our 
tinned  tomatoes  and  potted  meats,  which  are  thereby  restricted  to  a  very 
small  sale  as  a  pure  luxury,  and  yield  little  or  no  profit  to  the  importers. 
A  special  instance  of  the  consequences  of  this  interpretation  of  the  tariflf 
laws  deserves  mention.  An  order  was  given  by  the  army  commissariat 
department  to  an  American  importer  for  a  peculiar  preparation  of  beef 
and  vegetables  mixed,  and  packed  in  tin  cases  of  such  a  form  that  the 
contents  could,  on  the  march,  be  quickly  heated  and  eaten  from  the 
cans  as  dishes,  the  latter  being  then  thrown  away.  The  order  was  sat- 
isfactorily filled,  but  as  the  customhouse  officials  insisted  upon  classify- 
ing the  article  a«  "  table  delicacies,"  though  knowing  it  was  for  the  army, 
the  importer  was  unable  to  make  any  profit  ou  his  contract,  which  was 
based  on  the  price  of  "beef,"  and  declined  to  furnish  any  more.  A  sim- 
ilar proposal  to  furnish  the  German  fortresses  with  canned  food,  to  be 
stored  away  in  case  of  seige,  was  abandoned  for  the  same  reason. 

Every  kind  of  representation  and  appeal  has  been  made  by  importers 
to  the  treasury  department  here,  but  without  avail,  the  reply  being  that 
domestic  manufactures  must  be  protected,  and  that  American  tariffs  are 
equally,  oppressive.  In  spite  of  it,  however,  the  German  enterprise  does 
not  appear  to  supply  the  demand. 

The  obnoxious  regulation  is  based  on  the  idea  expressed  in  the  Amer- 
ican tariff,  where  articles  consisting  in  part  of  steel,  silk,  or  spirits  are 
taxed  at  the  same  rate  as  these  lattery  but  the  difference  lies  in  the 
fact  that  in  the  present  case  the  matenals  regulating  the  duty  cannot, 
by  the  most  liberal  construction,  be  taken  to  form  a  part  of  the  food- 
products  imported.  For  is  this  claimed  by  the  German  Government. 
The  unreasonableness  of  the  regulation  is  shown  by  its  not  being  appli- 
cable when  the  tin  cases  have  no  labels  on  them.  Bar  iron  might  just 
as  well  be  admitted  duty  free,  because  it  had  not  fancy-colored  labels, 
and  its  unjustness  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  as  all  duties  are  here 
levied  according  to  the  weight  of  the  goods,  the  tins  are  falsely  taxed 
as  so  much  iron,  for  the  principal  part  of  the  weight  is  in  the  contents. 
Were  the  beef  in  the  tin  cans  taxed  on  different  scales  there  might  be 
some  appropriateness  in  the  law. 

I  shall,  in  accordance  with  your  instructions,  keep  myself  informed  in 
regard  to  these  tariff  regulations,  and  should  I  find  that  there  is  any 
probable  advantage  to  be  gained  by  an  official  appeal  to  the  Govern- 
ment, I  shall  at  once  make  it  and  report  the  result  to  the  Department. 

I  herewith  inclose  the  ministerial  decree  in  regard  to  canned  beef, 


TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


77 


by  which  it  will  be  seen  that  only  sach  coverings  as  are  intended  to  be 
permanent  are  to  be  considered  as  dutiable,  and  that  in  these  cases  the 
material,  whether  of  the  case  or  its  contents,  which  bears  the  highest 
valae  is  to  be  taxed.    It  remains  to  be  seen  how  this  will  be  interpreted. 

H.  SIDNEY  EVERETT, 

Secretary  of  Legation. 
United  States  Legation, 

Berlin^  February  11, 1882. 


[TnuMlatton  of  the  mlnitterial  decree.] 

Ikerm  of  ik$  royal  Jinanoe  miniairy  oonoeming  duties  an  meat  put  up  in  white  iron  boxes  with 

paper  labels, 

Berlin,  January  23, 1882. 

In  response  to  yoor  report  of  tb6 11th  instant,  I  declare  myself  in  accord  with  yon  in 
the  view  yon  exprees  therein  that  npon  meat  imported  from  abroad  in  white  iron  boxes 
with  paper  labels  as  sole  coYerinj§^,  m  accordance  with  the  provision  in  the  first  sab- 
division  of  instmotion,  Item  I  v  of  the  official  tariff,  the  rate  of  12  marks  per  100 
kilograms  is  to  be  applied  pursuant  to  No.  25,  g.  1,  of  the  tariff,  and  that  therefore 
the  covering  referred  to  is  not  to  affect  the  duty-rate. 

Where,  in  the  official  list  of  articles,  in  the  note  of  "  ^tuis,"  it  is  prescribed  as  to  tare 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  4  that  ^tuis,  cases  and  other  coverings, 
which  are  intended  to  serve  further  as  receptacles  for  the  wares  they  contain,  shall  be 
sabjeet  to  duty  as  a  whole,  taken  together  with  the  wares  according  to  the  rate  of 
tariff  due  upon  the  higher  taxed  articles — ^be  it  the  JStuis  taken  alone  or  its  contents 
considered  separately  uom  the  ^tuis — ^it  is  to  be  understood  that  under  the  other  oov» 
erimgs  only  such  coverings  are  intended  as  are  according  to  their  character  and  pur- 
pose to  be  reckoned  as  to  4tuis, 

THE  MINISTER  OF  FINANCE. 

To  the  Royal  Provincial  Tax  Director,  BIr.  KrI^oer  Altona. 


HOIiliAND. 
IMPO&T  DUTIES  OF  HOLLAHD. 

TRAN8KITTBD  BT  00N8VL  WINTBR,  OF  ROTTBRDAJL 

Tariff  law. 


Artiolee. 


28 
29 


21 
21 
24 

26 


42 
42 


51 

61 
57 


MamifBotarM  of  fkriiuL  n.  o.  p.  f 

Eerthenwueof  •llkiiida,]LO.p.f 

AlmopflB  ..................................................... 

Ammiuiitioii,  D.  a  p.  f 

Braaeceiinoae ., «. 

Iron  oennoae  ••••••••••••....................................• 

C«iuMm  balls 

Vin^ear,  strenjrt^  2^  or  leae  on  Datoh  areometer 

Vioegu',  strength  more  than  2<* 

Beer 

Iffannfactnree  of  tin 

Mineral  water,  in  bottles 

Mineral  water,  in  Jars 

Oonpowder 

Chocolate  prepared  with  snKar 

Peels  of  oranges  and  lemons 

Ysras,  woolen  and  worsted,  dyed,  twined  and  not  dyed,  of  more 

than  two  threads 

Spirits 

Soirits,  Hontgeest ^ 

Gtnzer 


Standard. 


100  kilograms... 

Valae 

100  kilograms . . . 

Value 

100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 

Cask 

Cask V 

Cask 

Value 

100  bottles 

100  Jars 

100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms  . . . 
Valne 

Value 

Cask,  and  60  per 
i-ont.  alcohol. 

Liter 

100  kilograms . . 


Dntiet. 


2  florins. 
5  per  cent. 

4  florins. 

5  per  cent. 
7. 50  florins. 
L  25  florins. 
0.75  florin. 
8  florins. 
20  florins. 

8  florins. 
5  per  cent 
0. 50  florin. 
0.25  florin. 
5  florins. 
25  florins. 
5  per  cent. 

5  per  cent. 
8.00  florins. 

1.15  florins. 

6  florins. 


78 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Import  duties  of  ^oZ/aiuI^ContiiiaecL 


Page. 


58 
58 
69 
B» 
SO 
61 
01 
01 
03 
04 
04 
65 
65 

66 
60 

60 

60 

60 

60 

70 

78 

74 

76 

76 

77 

77 

79 

80 

82 

83 

84 

85 

89 

90 

92 

96 

98 

100 

104 

105 

107 

108 

110 

110 

111 

111 

112 

117 

U7 

118 

118 

125 
125 
125 
125 
125 
127 
128 
120 
180 
182 
183 
183 
134 
135 
135 
135 
135 
135 
136 
138 
188 
138 
139 
143 
143 
145 


AxticlM. 


Murafaotares  of  pUater 

GlaMware 

Mtinufactarefl  of  India  mbber 

Manafactnree  of  sold  and  silver 

Crold  thread  and  ailTer  thread 

Preserved  vegetables 

Manu  factures  of  gutta-poncha 

Hair,  prepared  wigs  ana  curls  

Hate,  or  felt  for  hate 

Hpney 

Manufactares  of  wood  wholly  finished 

Prepared  fans    

Leather  work  for  saddlera,  shoemakera,  and  tronkmakers,  n. 

o.  p.  f 

Manafactares  of  iron,  oast,  forged,  flattened,  and  anvils 

Instmmenta,  mathematical,  physical,  medical,  optical,  and  ma 

aical 

Ivory , 

Candles: 

Tallow 

AU  other  kinda 

Playing-cards 

Cheese  of  all  kinds 

Clothing  and  wearing  apparel,  n  o.p.f — 

Confectioners*  works 

Manafactares  of  copper  and  copper  thread 

Coral 

Currants 

Stationery  and  cntlery 

Cork 

Lampa 

Framea 

Lemon  Jaice 

Macaroni 

Manufactarea  of  silk,  cotton,  hemp,  flax,  Ac,  n.ap.f 

Famitare 

Fashion  warea 

Oil,  n.o.  p.  f - 

Mother  of  pearl        , 

Umbrellas  and  paraaola 

Pepper , 

Pimento 

Platina , 

Pranea,  except  fresh 

Perfame 

Bavalenta  arabica 

Carriages 

Raisins 

Baisins,  Samoa  Denia,  for  the  mannfsctare  of  raidn  vinegar. 

Vessels  and  steamers  intended  to  remain  in  the  coontry 

Spices,  n.  ap.  f 

Manauictares  of  spelter  or  zinc 

Looking-glasses.  : 

ManoCcMstares  of  steel 

Slrap 

Candied  lemon-peel 

Tobacco:  Leaf  and  stems,  anmanaflsotared 

Stems,  manafactared 

Mana&ctured 

Cigars , 

Carpets 

Tea 

Manafactares  of  tin 

Clocks  and  watches  

Vermicelli 

Dve-stafls,  in  oil,  except  printing  inkt 

Meats :  Of  all  kinds,  n.  o.  p.  f.,  and  aaaaage,  fitMh  and  salted. . 

Smoked  and  dried 

Mutton,  pork,  and  laid,  salted 

Smoked  and  dried 

Canned,  Aastralian  or  American 

Beef,  mutton,  and  pork 

Venison  and  poolt^ 

Fruits:  Fresh  and  dried,  n.o.p.f 

Salted,  oi  preserved  in  brandy  and  vinegar 

Preserved  in  sugar  and  sirup 

Mann&ctures  of  wax  and  sealing-wax 

Soaps:  Hard  and  soft 

Perfumed 

Salt 


Standard. 


Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograms . . . 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograms... 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograms . . . 

Value 

100  kilograms  . . . 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograms . . . 

Value 

100  kUograma . . . 

Value 

Value 

Cask 

100  kilograms... 

Value 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograma . . . 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 

1  kilogram  

100  kilograms . . . 

Value 

100  kilograms . . . 

Value 

100  kilograms . . . 
100  kilograms . . . 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 
100  kilotrrams... 
100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 

Value 

100  kilograms  . . 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograma... 

Value 

100  kilograms  .. 
100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms  .. 
100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms  . . 
100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 

Value 

Value 

Value 

100  kilograms... 

Value 

100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 
100  kilograms... 


Dntiea. 


5  per  cent. 
5  per  cent. 
5  per  cent 
5  per  cent. 
3  per  cent. 
5  per  cent. 
5  per  cent. 
5  per  cent. 
5  per  cent. 
2. 50  florins. 
5  per  ceut 
5  per  cent 

5  per  cent 
5  per  cent 

5  per  cent 
5  per  cent 

3  florins. 
5  per  cent 
5p«>roent 
5  florins. 
5  per  cent 
SSflorins. 
5  per  cent 
5  per  cent 
1. 50  floriosL 
5  per  cent 
10  florins. 
5  percent 
5  per  cent 
Sflotins. 
2  florins. 
5  per  cent 
5  per  cent 
5  per  cent 
0.55  florin. 
5  per  cent 
5  per  cent 
1. 50  floiina. 

1  florin. 

0. 10  florbi. 
L  50  florins. 
5  per  cent 
0. 40  florin. 
5  per  cent 

2  norins. 
0. 25  florin. 

1  per  cent 
5  per  cent 
5  per  cent 
5  per  cent 

5  per  cent 

6  florins. 

3  florins. 
0. 70  florin. 
1. 50  florins. 
12  florins. 
40  florins. 

5  per  cent 
25  florins. 
5  per  cent 
5  pe(  c«nt 

2  florins. 

5  per  cent 
1  florin. 

6  florins. 
8  florins. 
1  florin. 

1. 25  florins. 
6  florins. 
1  florin. 
5  per  cent 
5  por  cent 
10  per  cent 
18  florins. 

5  per  cent 
4. 50  florins. 

6  florins. 
12  florins. 


TAEIFFS    OP   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTBIES.  79 


TABIFF  PBOTECnON  IH  HOLLAHD. 

REFOBT  BT  OON8VL  S0K8TBJKJ)F  AMSTERDAM,  TBAN8MITTIN0  A  PETITION  FROM 
THE  CHAMBER  OF  OOMMEROE  OF  HELMOND  TO  THE  £1X0,  ASKING  TARIFF  PRO- 
TECTION, 

I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  herewith  a  translated  copy  of  a  petition 
addressed  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  city  of  Helmond,  prov- 
ince of  North  Brabant,  to  the  King  of  the  Netherlands. 

The  petition  sets  forth,  and  presumably  correctly  and  trdthfally,  the 
present  unsatisfactory  condition  in  which  the  industries  of  the  place  are 
now  carried  on  in  consequence,  as  is  claimed,  of  the  at  present  existing 
import  duties,  and  prays: 

IsL  That  the  tariff  on  imports  of  manufactured  ^oods  may  be  changed,  and  in  ao- 
oordance  with  the  tari£b  now  in  force  in  or  reepectiuff  other  countries. 

Sd.  That  the  commercial  intercourse  between  The  rfetherlands  and  its  colonies  be 
freed  from  every  obstruction,  and  that  foreign  manufactures,  on  being  imported  into 
the  said  colonies,  shall,  so  far  as  i>08sible,  be  made  to  pay  the  same  duties  as  preyail 
in  the  Netherlands. 

Helmond  is  not  one  of  the  most  important  manufacturing  towns  in 
the  Netherlands,  but  the  sentiments  there  manifested  on  this  subject, 
and  the  movement  in  favor  of  ^'protection"  there  initiated,  seems,  so  far 
as  I  can  learn,  to  strike  a  responsive  cord,  and  is  fully  indorsed  by  the 
representatives  of  the  industrial  interests  throughout  the  country,  as 
well  as  by  the  artisans  and  workmen  in  all  manufactories. 

How  this  movement  for  a  higher  rate  of  duty  on  many  ancles  will 
result  it  would  be  difficult  to  predict  for  the  present.  In  commercial 
and  financial  circles  it  does  not  as  yet  appear  to  meet  with  much  sup- 
port, the  merchant  class  being  still  inclined  to  free  trade.  The  news- 
paper press  of  the  country,  at  least  the  most  influential  part  of  it,  op- 
poses protection.  On  the  other  hand,  it  should  be  remarked  that  the 
present  national  financial  conditions  as  relating  to  revenue,  expenditures, 
and  taxation  is  such  as  to  raise  great  hopes  on  the  part  of  all  who  ad- 
vocate legislation  in  favor  of  protection. 

The  budget,  they  say,  for  the  two  fiscal  years  last  past  has  shown 
deficits  of  large  amounts.  A  loan  of  about  80,000,000  florins  was  emitted 
less  than  a  year  ago,  and  the  negotiation  of  another  for  about  50,000,000 
is  now  spoken  of. 

Thus  is  the  interest  on  the  national  debt  vastly  increasing;  immense 
sums  of  money  are  constantly  required  on  account  of  the  ever  turbulent 
state  of  AQeh,  whilst  various  important  and  indispensable  works  on 
national  account  demond  immediate  appropriations ;  and  all  this  at  a  time 
when  the  wisdom  and  patriotism  of  the  national  legislators  of  the  coun- 
try are  taxed  to  the  utmost  to  provide  the  necessary  means  for  defraying 
the  ever  increasing  expenditures. 

The  burdens  of  direct  taxation  are  already  so  severely  felt  that  a  still 
further  increase  thereof  would  be  found  oppressive  and  unpopular. 

But  it  seems  to  be  generally  realized  that  in  some  way  provision  must 
be  made  for  raising  larger  sums  of  money  than  are  at  present  available 
and  derived  from  existing  resources. 

It  would  appear,  therefore,  not  to  be  at  all  unlikely  that  a  consider- 
able increase  in  the  duties  on  many  articles  of  import  may  in  the  not 


80  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

very  far  distant  future  be  resorted  to,  particularly  as  the  States  General, 
now  in  session,  has  already  a  bill  providing  for  an  increase  in  the  duties 
on  grain,  wood  (timber  and  lumber),  and  tea. 

DAVID  ECKSTEIN, 

United  States  Consulate, 

Amsterdamj  October  17, 1883. 


PETiriON  OF  THE  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE  OF  HELMOND. 

[Translated.] 

The  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures  at  Helmond  respeotfdlly  submits  to 
TourMi^esty: 

That  they  feel  themselves  compelled  to  point  out  to  Your  Majesty  the  pernicious 
effect  whichi  in  our  opinion,  the  abolishment  of  the  different  duties  in  our  colonies, 
and  the  low  import  duties  in  our  country,  in  connection  with  the  exorbitant— almost 
prohibitory — import  duties  in  contiguous  countries,  have  exercised  and  shall  continue 
to  exercise  with  increased  force  on  the  prosperitv  of  our  country. 

That  the  advantages  which  were  so  sanguinely  held  forth  to  the  nation  on  the  in- 
troduction of  the  free* trade  system  have  remained  unfulfilled,  while  the  prejudicial 
consequences  have  made  themselves  felt  from  the  very  beginning  in  a  high  degree, 
have  now  attained  their  climax,  and  menace  our  Dutch  industry  with  complete  ruin. 

That  the  great  extension  of  our  navigation  anticipated  by  the  advocates  of  free- 
trade  system  (which  anticipations  have  for  a  great  part  conduced  to  the  introduction 
of  that  system)  has  not  been  verified. 

That,  on  the  coutraiy,  a  comparison  with  the  extension  of  the  navigation  of  the  pro- 
tected Belgium  furnishes  results  most  discouraging  to  our  country,  as,  amongothers, 
the  following  figures  prove : 

Tonnage  of  vessels  arrived  in  port 

Amsterdam  and  Rotterdam :  In  1846,  796,000  tons;  in  1881,  2,570,000  tons. 
Antwerp:  In  1846,  330,000  tons;  in  1881,  2,938,000  tons. 

That  also  the  great  prosperity  of  our  trade,  with  which  the  advocates  of  the  free- 
trade  system  had  flattered  themselves,  has  remained  unrealized. 

That  after  the  introduction  of  that  system,  the  formerly  so  flourishing  sugar  trade 
has  entirely  fallen  of,  the  coffee  and  tobacco  trade  has  declined,  the  linen-drapery  and 
retail  business  languishes. 

That  the  advantages  of  free  trade  promised  to  the  consumer  have  not  been  obtained ; 
the  prices  of  daily  necessaries,  with  exception  of  a  few  things  of  minor  importance, 
have  not  diminished,  but  of  some  articles  they  have  actually  risen. 

That  the  injurious  influence  which  free  trade  (at  least  if  not  attended  with  recip- 
rocity) must  continue  to  exercise,  especially  on  our  industry,  has  made  itself  felt  in  a 
much  higher  degree  than  anybody  could  have  imagined. 

That  soon  after  the  introduction  of  the  free-trade  system  whole  branches  of  industry 
in  our  country  have  been  entirely  ruined. 

That  almost  all  branches  of  industry  which  hitherto  have  been  able  to  maintain 
their  standing  are  tending  to  total  decay. 

That  now,  even  for  many  articles,  in  consecmence  of  the  foreign  manufactures  bring- 
ing their  superabundant  productions  on  the  Dutch  markets,  all  competition,  even  at 
home,  becomes  impossible  for  the  Netherland  manufaciiurer. 

That  the  fatal  consequences  thereof  have  of  late  made  themselves  felt  in  an  alarm- 
ing manner  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  important  factories  have  been  shut  up  and  the 
wages  in  many  others  lowered. 

That  shortly  the  closing  of  many  more  factories  and  the  abridgment  of  the  working 
hours  in  others  ma  v  be  expected ;  that  all  measures  have  already  oeen  taken  by  manu- 
facturers to  keep  themselves  standing,  such  as  economizing  on  the  materials,  increas- 
ing the  powers  of  production,  &o. 

That  whatever  measure  may  be  had  recourse  to,  the  unfortunate  operative  will  at 
last  experience  the  fatal  consequence  of  free  trade. 

That,  supposing  the  price  of  the  daily  necessaries  to  have  diminished  by  free  trade, 
which  is  not  the  case,  the  operative  will  only  eojoy  the  benefit  thereof  when  his  fiuan- 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEYEBAL  COUNTRIES.  81 

cial  means  are  in  a  &yorab]e  proportion  to  the  price  of  his  reqnirements,  whether  they 
be  high  or  low. 

That,  for  instance,  the  operative  who  earns  15  cents  per  hour  in  a  country  where 
bread  costs  12  cents,  is  better  off  than  the  operative  who  lives  in  a  country  where  the 
bread  costs  only  10  cents,  but  who  can  earn  10  cents  per  hour. 

That  the  diminution  of  wases  must  be  regarded  with  regret. 

That  these  wages  are  already  too  low  (in  Twente  only  m)  to  70  cents  per  day,  and 
here  in  Helmond  90  to  100  cents),  and  the  least  diminution  entails  poverty,  misery, 

and  indiffenoe* 

That  tne  lower  ranks  and  the  petty  tradesmen  experience  in  no  small  degree  the 
iinuriouB  reaction  thereof. 

That  also  in  Helmond  the  ii\juriou8  and  disturbing  consequences  of  tree  trade  are 
felt  in  a  hiffh  degree. 

That  petitioners,  to  rescue  the  industry  of  Helmood,  and  concerned  for  the  un- 
happy fate  of  the  poor  operative,  feel  themselves  bound  to  do  what  they  can  to  bring 
about  a  beneficial  change  in  the  present  condition. 

That  they,  to  demonstrate  how,  even  for  the  most  important  Helmond  manufact- 
uring products,  export  to  the  principal  neighboring  states  is  an  impossibility,  ven- 
ture to  submit  the  following  figures  to  Your  Haiesty^s  notice : 

In  German V  an  import  duty  is  levied,  per  100  kilograms,  on- 
Cotton,  unbleached,  80  marks;  same,  bleached,  iSO  marks:  same,  priuted  or  dyed, 
120  marks ;  ready-made  clothes,  300  marks ;  threads,  printed  or  dyed :  To  No.  17,  24 
marks;  from  Nos.  17,  to  45,  30  marks;  from  Nos.  45  to  60,  36  marks ;  from  No.  79  and 
higher,  48  marks;  butter  and  artificial  butter,  20  marks;  nails,  10  marks;  cigars,  270 
marks ;  tobacco,  180  marks. 

In  France  import  duties  are  levied,  per  100  kilograms,  on — 

Cottons,  unbleached,  62  to  100  francs;  same,  bleacheu,  15  per  cent,  higher;  Turkey 
red,  122  to  16S2  francs ;  other  colors,  92  to  130  francs ;  ready-made  clothes,  10  per  cent, 
higher;  threads,  printed  or  dyed:  Nos.  20^  to  30^,  55  francs;  Turkey  red,  30  francs 
and  higher :  butter,  salted,  15  francs ;  nails,  8  francs ;  tobacco  and  cigars  prohibited. 

That  Bucn  high  import  duties  are  equal  to  being  prohibitive ;  that  several  Helmond 
manufacturers,  in  consequence,  no  longer  send  their  goods  abroad,  and  are  as  preju- 
diced by  overproduction  as  is  the  case  elsewhere,  which  is  thrown  on  our  Dutch 
markets  by  forei^  manufacturers ;  that  if  this  state  of  things  be  not  changed  the 
Helmond  industrial  establishments  will  be  obliged  ere  long  to  be  closed  or  the  work- 
ing hours  to  be  considerably  abridged. 

For  which  reasons  they  respectfully  but  urgently  pray  Your  Majesty  that  it  may 
please  Your  Majesty  to  bring  in  a  bill  to  break  with  the  system  of  free  trade,  and 
to  enact — 

1st.  That  the  tarifis  of  import  duties  on  foreign  manufactured  articles  may  be 
brought  in  accordance  with  the  tariffs  of  the  respective  coantries;  and 

2d.  That  between  Netherlands  and  her  colonies  a  free  and  unencumbered  commercial 
intercourse  may  obtain,  and  that  as  much  as  possible  the  same  duties  be  levied  in  the 
colonies  on  foreign  productions  as  such  articles  are  subjected  to  in  our  Kingdom  in 
Europe. 

And  your  petitioners,  &c., 

The  Chamber  of  Commebce  and  Manufactures. 

Helmond,  Septemher  12,  18^. 


BBIiGIUM. 
nrCSEASE  OF  BELGIAN  IHPO&T  DITTIES. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  WILSON,  OF  BRUSSELS, 

I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  a  bill  has  just  been  passed  by  the 
Senate  and  Hoase  of  Eepresentatives  of  this  country,  largely  increasing 
the  import  duties  on  tobacco,  coffee,  cacao,  vinegar,  alcohol,  and  alco- 
holic spirits.  In  recommending  the  passage  of  this  bill  to  the  Chambers, 
the  minister  of  finance  gave  as  his  motive  the  fact  that  the  importers  of 
this  merchandise,  knowing  that  the  Government  contemplated  in  the 
near  future  a  very  considerable  increase  of  their  entry  charges,  ha 
stored  an  enormous  quantity  of  them  in  the  warehouses  appropriated  to 

1784  CONG — A  p 6 


82  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

nierobandiBe  entered  for  consumptioD,  with  the  object  of  thus  escaping 
the  increased  doty  when  the  new  tariff  law  wonld  come  into  force. 

According  to  the  statement  laid  before  the  Ohambers  by  him,  there 
was  import^  into  the  country,  ostensibly  for  consamption,  from  the  Ist 
of  November,  1882,  to  the  31st  January,  1883,  8,046,000  kilograms  of 
leaf  tobacco,  and  of  coffee  14,924,000  kilograms,  whilst  daring  the  pre- 
ceding year  the  importations  of  tobacco  only  amounted  to  2,242,000 
kilograms,  and  of  coffee  to  5,310,000.  The  amount  of  these  importations 
has  been  so  largely  in  excess  of  the  demand  for  consumption  that  the 
legislature,  under  the  conviction  that  a  fraud  upon  the  revenue  was  in- 
tended by  the  importers,  passed  the  bill  almost  without  discussion,  bat, 
as  they  did  not  wish  to  resort  to  retrospective  legislation,  they  enacted 
that  it  should  take  effect  immediately  after  its  passage,  and  inserted  a 
])rovision  that  if  the  duties  should  be  definitely  modified  so  as  to  cor- 
respond to  the  provisional  tariff'  of  this  law  before  the  first  day  of  August 
next,  an3'  excess  imposed  by  it  should  be  remitted  to  the  importers. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  this  law  is  but  provisional,  it  applies 
to  some  of  our  exportations,  and  its  tariff'  provisions  may  become  perma- 
nent ;  consequently  I  give  below  a  translation  of  the  five  articles  of 
which  it  is  composed : 

Provisional  tariff  hUl  on  tohaooOf  ooffot^  oaeao,  whisky,  and  vinegar. 

Article  1.  The  duties  on  coffee  and  tobacco  shall  be  provisionally  modified  in  the 
following  manner : 

Francs. 

On  raw  coffee per  100  kilos..    30 

Ou  roasted  coffee do 40 

On  leaf  tobacco do 100 

On  cigars  and  cigarettes do 300 

Ou  other  manufactured  tobacco do 130 

Art.  2.  The  Government  is  authorized  to  provisionally  modify  the  duties  on  cacao, 
alcohol,  spirits,  vinegar,  and  acetic  acid,  in  the  following  manner : 

Francs. 

On  cacao  ..: per  100  kilos..  50 

On  prepared  cacao do 65 

On  brandies  and  whiskies  of  at  least  50^  strougth  when  iu  barrels . .  per  hectoliter. .  100 

And  for  each  degree  above  5(P do 2 

When  iu  bottles  (without  distinction  of  the  degree). do 200 

On  all  other  spirits... do 134 

On  vint-gar  and  other  liquids  of  acetic  acid,  and  containing  less  than  8  per  cent. 

of  pure  acetic  acid per  hectoliter..  12 

More  than  8  per  cent,  and  less  than  50  per  cent do 50 

Fifty  per  cent,  and  more do 80 

On  crystallized  acetic  acid per  100  kilos..  100 

Art.  3.  If  the  duties  on  the  above  articles  shall  not  be  definit«ly  modified  according 
to  law  befoi'e  the  1st  of  August,  1883,  the  duties  now  iu  force  will  again  be  applied. 

Art.  4.  Any  difference  between  the  duties  received  in  virtue  of  uiis  act  and  those 
which  will  be  imposed  after  August  1  will  be  returned  to  the  parties  concerned. 

Art.  5.  This  bill  shall  take  effect  the  day  after  its  publication. 

JNO.  WILSON, 

Consul. 
Consulate  of  the  United  States, 

Brussels^  June  4^  1883. 


TARIFFS   OF  THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES.  83 


UNITED    KINGDOM. 
THE  BEITISH  TABUT. 

REPORT  BT  CONSUL  DOCKERT,  OF  LEEDS. 

One  has  become  so  used  to  bear  cnstom-houses  derided  by  Englishmen 
that  one  naturally  conclades  there  is  no  snch  thing  in  England.  Ex- 
cepting the  castoms  officers,  I  venture  to  assert  there  are  not  dOO  peo- 
ple in  England,  however  intelligent  otherwise,  who  know  anything  about 
the  amount  of  duties  annually  collected,  the  number  of  dutiable  articles, 
or  the  per  cent,  of  duty  some  of  these  articles  pay.  Their  ignorance  on 
this  subject  is  truly  remarkable.  Perhaps  they  have  been  too  much 
occupied  with  the  task  of  correcting  the  shortcomings  of  other  nations  to 
pay  any  attention  to  their  own  failings.  They  pretend  to  be  free- traders 
at  homej  tbey  claim  they  have  a  fr^  breakfast  table  for  the  poor  man; 
neither  is  true. 

They  affect  great  repugnance  to  any  country  that  has  a  tariff  of  50  or 
100  per  centum  ad  valorum  on  any  article.  In  their  own  country  on  one 
article  a  duty  of  nearly  two  thoustmdper  cent  is  charged  and  collected ; 
this  article  yields  them  their  largest  item  of  customs  revenue,  and  it 
comes  chiefly  firom  the  United  States.  Tobacco  is  the  article.  It  is 
classed  in  their  own  tariff  list  as  an  article  subject  to  ^^  ordinary  imi>ort 
duty,"  in  contradistinction  to  a  ^<  countervailing  duty,"  such,  for  instance, 
as  the  customs  duty  on  spirits,  and  everything  else  subject  to  internal- 
revenue  duty.  On  tobacco  (which  is  in  very  general  use  by  the  laboring 
classes  in  England,  and  which  is  consequently  of  the  cheapest  kind),  the 
duty  ranges,  aco(H^ng  to  moisture,  fh>m  84  to  92  cents  per  pound  for 
the  raw  or  unmanufactured  article,  and^  if  manufactured,  it  pays  a  duty 
of  from  $1.04  to  $1.16  per  pound.  This  is  called  (in  England)  a  revenue 
duty.  I  cannot  see  it  in  that  light,  as  the  manipulated  article  is  distinctly 
charged,  say  20  cents  per  pound  more  than  the  raw  article.  As  a  mat- 
ter of  feMst.  it  is  so  strongly  protective  that  it  prevents  Americans  firom 
saocessfully  competing  with  the  English  manufacturer  in  England,  owing 
to  their  being  handicapped  with  an  additional  20  cents  per  pound  on  the 
manu£Eictared  article. 

This  is  an  enormous  protection.  A  great  part  of  the  tobacco  consumed 
in  England  is  of  an  inferior  quality,  its  original  cost  at  the  American 
shipping  port  having  been  not  more  than  6  cents  per  pound.  It  pays, 
if  not  manipulated,  say  a  92-cent  revenue  duty  on  entering  England, 
and  if  made  into  smoking  or  ping  toba<5co  it  pays  1.16,  or  an  additional 
24  cents  per  pound  duty.  Here  we  have  a  revenue  duty  of,  say,  fifteen 
hundred  and  thirty  per  centy  and  a  further  strictly  protective  duty  of 
four  hundred  per  eenty  making  in  all  a  duty  of  nineteen  hundred  and  thirty 
percent. 

Cigars  pay  a  duty  of  $1.32  per  pound.  I  do  not  give  undue  prominence 
to  this  one  article,  since  it  is  one  from  which  the  large  amount  of  forty- 
three  million  dollars  of  duty  were  collected  last  year. 

Another  item,  tea,  pays  12  cents  per  poulid  duty.  This  is  not  a  pro- 
tective duty,  but  it  does  not  allow  the  free  breakfast  table,  yet  at  this 
rate  some  of  it  pays  as  much  as  100  per  cent.,  and  the  total  duty  col- 
lected from  this  source  last  year  amounted  to  eighteen  tniUions  ofd^dlars. 
It  is  more  generally  consumed  in  England  than  in  any  other  civilized 


84  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

coantry,  and  is  a  requisite  of  the  breakfetst  table,  yet  we  are  told  there 
is  a  free  breakfast  table. 

Coffee,  another  article  people  use  at  the  ^<  breakfast  table,"  pays  a 
duty  of  3  cents  per  poaud,  but  if  *<  ground,  prepared,  or  in  any  Mray 
manufactured,"  it  must  pay  4  cents  per  x>ound,  a  protection  to  coffee- 
millers  of  30  odd  per  cent,  of  duty. 

Cocoa,  in  the  raw  state,  pays  2  cents  per  pound,  but  if  ^^  ground,  pre- 
pared, or  in  any  way  manufactured,"  it  pays  4  cents  per  pound }  in 
other  words,  the  duty  on  the  manufactured  article  is  double  that  on  the 
raw  article. 

The  foregoing  are  some  of  the  duties  in  force  in  England,  and  they 
are  sufficient  to  show  that  this  is  not  a  fiee-trade  country  in  the  fuU 
sense  of  the  term.  Comparatively  to  population,  more  revenue  is  annu- 
ally collected  at  English  custom-houses  than  at  those  of  any  other 
country  in  the  world,  excepting  the  United  States,  the  total  amount 
collected  during  the  past  year  having  reached  $96,000,000,  while  the 
United  States,  with  nearly  twice  as  large  a  population,  collected 
$186,000,000  in  the  same  period.  Germany,  with  a  much  larger  popu- 
lation than  England,  collected  from  customs  $78,000,000. 

The  chief  items  of  receipt  under  the  head  of  customs  duties  for 
England  during  the  past  year  were  from — 

Chicory $360,000 

Cocoa 230,000 

Coflfee 1,025,000 

Carrants 1,380,000 

Figs 130,000 

Rusins 775,000 

Rum 11.510,000 

Brandy 7,935,000 

Tea 18,500,000 

Tobacco  and  snuff 43,000,000 

Wine 7,000,000 

The  following  is  a  list  of  dutiable  articles,  viz :  Alcohol,  ale,  beer, 
brandy,  playing-cards,  chicory,  chloroform,  chloral,  hydrate,  cigars  and 
cigarettes,  cocoa,  coffee,  collociion,  cologne  water,  cordials,  currants,  in 
essence  of  spruce,  ether,  iodide  of  ethyl,  figs,  figcake,  preserved  fruit 
(in  spirits),  naphtha,  picKles,  gold  and  silver  plate,  plums  and  prunes, 
raisins,  soap,  gin,  rum,  whisky,  all  other  spirits,  wine  and  varnish ;  and, 
besides  these,  there  are  about  ninety  or  one  hundred  articles,  chiefly 
from  America,  and  principally  patent  medicines,  which  are  held  to  be 
liable  to  duty  at  the  rate  of  $3.36  per  gallon. 

There  are  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  no  less  than  133  customs  dis- 
tricts, each  with  a  collector  or  saperinteudent  and  subordinates.  In 
London  alone  the  number  of  customs  officers  exceeds  1,550,  while  in 
Liverpool  about  650  are  employed,  aggregating  for  the  two  ports  2,200 
officials.  These  facts  and  figures  do  not  look  well  as  regards  the  much- 
vaunted  idea  of  a  free  and  untrammeled  trade  I  However,  they  prove 
conclusively  the  general  idea  I  have  advanced,  that  there  has  been 
only  the  semblance  of  free  trade  in  England  all  the  while  that  the  advo- 
cates of  free  trade  were  so  assiduously  endeavoring  to  persuade  other 
nations  to  adopt  their  theory,  and  as  practice  and  theory  have  not  been 
in  accord  here,  they  should  not  be  surprised  if  their  motives  are  im- 
pugned to  the  extent  of  asserting  that  sharp  practice  was  resorted  to  in 
order  to  establish  an  illimitable  n^onopoly. 

Now,  I  beg  to  submit  a  statement  of  the  revenue  and  expenditure  of 
the  British  and  American  Governments,  respectively,  for  the  year  1879- 
'80.    For  this  purpose  I  take  the  pound  sterling  to  represent  five  dollars, 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


85 


and  state  the  items  in  millions  and  fractions  thereof;  which,  though  not 
quite  exact,  approximates  ddsely  enough. 


BIOnSH  &K VENUE. 


Source. 


Customs 

Excise  (Intenud  reTenae) ^ 

Stamp  daty * 

Land  aod  hontetaz 

Income  tax 

Post-offloe 

TelegTBpbs 

Crown  lands 

Hisoellaneoos 

Total  reremia 


Amoont,    in 

millions  of 

dollan. 

oe.6 

120.5 

5«.5 

18.85 

46.15 

8L76 

7.1 

1.95 

2&4 

40&8 


BBITISH  EXPENDITUBES. 


Aceoont. 


Interest  on  debt 

Army  and  Nayj 

CiTiflist,  pensirms,  du) 

Civil  sernoe  and  mifloellaneoas 

TotsI  ezpendftnre 

I>ftTing  a  deficit  of 


Amonnt*  in 
millions  of 
dollars. 


148.81 
158.86 

8 
116L6 


42L77 


15.47 


AMEBICAK  BEYBNITB. 


Source. 


Customs p 

Internal  reyenne  (excise) 

Land  Miles 

liiscellaneoos 

Total  rerenne 


Amount,    in 
.  millions  of 
dollars. 

186.5 
124 
1.015 
22 

833.515 


AMEBICAN  BXPBNDITUBBS. 


Account. 


Xaterest  on  de!>t 

Army  and  Navy 

Indians  and  pensions 

Civil  serrioe  and  miscellaneous 

Total  expenditure , 


Amount,  in 
millions  of 
dollars. 


95.75 
51.65 
62.7 
67.5 


267.6 


Leaving  a  surplus  of  05.915  million  dollars. 

It  will  be  observed  that  from  three  items,  viz,  stamp  duty,  land  and 
house  tax,  and  income  tax,  not  charged  in  America,  England  collects 
the  sum  of  $116,000,000  annually. 


86  TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

In  tmth,  everything  is  taxed  either  directly  or  indirectly  in  this  coun- 
try, every  article  of  foreign  or  home  manufacture  being  levied  upon  in 
some  way  or  other,  to  help  swell  the  amount  of  revenue  necessary  to 
carry  on  the  govejrnment.    Owners  of  land  and  houses,  occupiers  of 
land  and  houses  as  well,  all  professions,  all  traders,  incomes  from  what- 
ever source,  deeds,  prooates,  legacies  and  successions,  bills  of  exchange 
and  receipts,  patents,  carriages,  horses,  manservants,  guns,  dogs,  aud 
personal  property  generally,  must  all  pay.    The  .poor  tax  is  anoUier  very 
heavy  tax,  being  levied  upon  occupiers  of  houses,  and  the  total  amount 
of  this  tax  during  the  year  1879  for  England  and  Wales  was  $65,000,000, 
or  more  than  $2.50  per  head  of  population.    More  than  one-third  of 
this  amount  was  expended  for  other  purposes  than  the  relief  of  the 
I>oor,  the  payments  towards  country,  borough,  and  police  rate,  to  high- 
way and  school  boards  having  amounted  to  upwards  of  $22,000,(KK). 
The  actual  relief  to  the  poor  during  the  year  amounted  to  $1.55  per 
head  of  population,  and  the  number  of  paupers  was  843,000. 

Until  a  fortnight  ago  there  was  a  prospect  of  a  good  harvest  through- 
out the  United  Elingdom,  but  since  then  hope  has  been  dissipated  by 
continued  bad  weaUier,  and  we  may  exi>ect  as  the  result  of  another 
short  and  bad  grain  crop  to  hear  of  more  farmers  ruined,  more  farms 
thrown  up.  a  greater  depression  in  trade,  a  large  emigration,  and  a  more 
fully  developed  ^air-trcufo  agitation  than  we  have  h£^. 

Where  this  agitation  will  end  I  do  not  presume  to  say,  but  from  such 
observations  as  I  have  been  able  to  make  I  do  not  think  it  can  accom- 
plish anything  that  may  be  of  permanent  good  in  the  country,  because 
the  evil  that  has  been  done  Is  irremediable.  As  a  consequence,  British 
commercial  interests  must  continue  to  decline,  and  while  I  regret  the 
prosx>ect  I  take  consolation  in  the  knowledge  that  American  commer- 
cial interests  are  destined  to  be  inversely  affected. 

A.  V.  DOOKERY, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

LeedSy  September  1, 1881. 


BBITISH  <«FEEE  TRABE  AVD  FAI&  TRADE." 

REPORT  BT  00N8VL  DOOKERT,  OF  LEEDS. 

•  •••••• 

Doubt  is  said  to  be  the  key  to  knowledge.  I  am  convinced  the  key 
is  then  in  a  fair  way  to  being  discovered,  but  there  is  still  a  master  key 
to  the  situation  which  will  necessitate  a  very  long  voyage  of  discovery, 
unless  its  hiding  place  be  sought  in  quite  a  different  spirit  to  that  which 
has  prevailed  in  this  country  during  the  past  thirty  years,  where  every 
man's  soul  has  been  mortgaged  as  it  were  to  a  single  idea — self. 

Trade  depression  has  now  existed  several  years,  and  appears  to  get 
no  better;  indeed  it  is  now  assuming  very  large  proportions,  having 
become  to  a  certain  extent  chronic.  This  has  1^  to  agitation  against 
firee  trade  under  the  several  names  of  Fair  Trade,  Reciprocity,  and  Pro- 
tection, terms  nearly  synonymous,  which  agitation  is  daily  growing  in 
extent  and  in  bitterness. 

The  press  is  full  of  a  correspondence  which  shows  that  the  idea  of 
protection  is  widely  spread.  The  protectionist  puts  his  case  in  these 
words: 

To.  bay  cheap  is  excellent,  do  doubt ;  but  unless  you  are  able  to  sell  dear  it  is  of  very 
little  use  to  you.    Man  cannot  live  by  buying  alone.    And  we  have,  as  a  matter  of 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  87 

fact,  ffot  now  to  a  Htage  when  we  find  it  hard  to  sell.  We  are  being  beaten  out  of  the 
wprld's  markets,  not,  as  we  onght  to  be,  bj  free-trade  nations,  bnt  by  protectionist 
nations.  We  struggle  and  wriggle  with  their  tariffs  and  seek  to  niakt^  treaties  of 
commerce  that  shaYl  lighten  those  tariffs.  We  demand  concessions;  and  the  foreigner 
smiles,  for  we  have  nothing  to  give  in  letum. 

The  world  is  against  us.  Wherever  we  turn  there  is  a  prohibitory  tariff,  especially, 
and  of  malice  prepense,  directed  against  our  special  manufactures. 

What,  then,  are  we  to  do  f  There  is,  indeed,  a  weapon  with  which  we  too  may  fight ; 
that  is.  a  tariff  of  our  own.  But  then  there  comes  a  free-trader  and  say^i,  *^  This  weap- 
on is  sharp;  you  may  cut  your  own  fingers  with  it.  Do  not  meddle  with  edge  tools. 
Bare  your  breast  and  in  time  the  foreigner  will  yield  to  the  force  of  reason." 

Is  not  this  pretty  t 

•  •  •  •  •  •  • 

Free  trade  might  be  a  first-rate  thing  in  an  unreal  or  communistic 
world,  but  it  wilh  not  do  in  ours.  Policy  governs  nations  as  well  as  indi- 
yiduals«  and  it  is  quite  possible  that  there  should  be  all  policy  and  no 
principle  in  some  special  application  of  free  trade,  which  I  must  say 
would  constitute  a  very  discreditable  exception.    England  is  really 

such  an  exception. 

•  •••••• 

Free  trade  really  meant  to  her  nothing  less  than  protection,  because 
she  was  then  in  the  full  swing  of  manufacturing  prosperity  anu  suprem- 
acy. She  excelled  every  other  nation  in  all  the  great  manufacturing 
industries ;  and  by  means  of  a  well-conceived  system  of  wars,  resulting 
in  the  establishment  of  numerous  colonies  afifbrding  new  markets,  aided 
by  her  large  quantity  of  improved  machinery  and  her  inexhaustible 
supply  of  coal,  she  had  managed  virtually  to  control  the  markets  of  the 
world. 

To  a  country  like  this  free  trade  was  a  splendid  policy,  and  had  other 
countries  adopted  it  she  would  certainly  have  continued  to  benefit  to 
their  detriment,  for  it  would  have  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  the 
most  gigantic  monopoly  the  world  ever  saw. 

'^  Protection"  is  £a.r  too  mild  a  term  to  apply  to  such  a  monopoly  as 
that  would  have  been. 

The  great  free  trade  theory  principle  in  truth  meant  cruel  monopoly, 
and  artful  as  were  the  means  adopted  to  obtain  this  object,  its  failure 
has  been  signally  ignominious. 

So  long  as  no  senous  obstacle  in  the  shape  of  a  protective  tariff  was 
encountered,  English  manufacturers  continued  to  thrive,  and  with  the 
acquisition  of  wealth  many  of  them  affected  to  turn  themselves  into  coun- 
try gentlemen  for  the  sake  of  social  standing,  the  effect  of  which  was 
an  increase  in  the  value  of  land  and,  consequently,  rents,  and  a  period 
of  general  inflation  followed. 

Other  countries  not  only  refused  to  listen  to  the  free  trader,  but  set 
to  work  to  more  effectually  protect  their  own  small  but  growiug  indus- 
tries, taking  advantage  of  all  open  markets  and  giving  nothing  in  re- 
turn. In  time  they  were  able  to  manufacture  enough  to  supply  the 
home  markets,  and  having  these  practically  safe,  they  turned  their  at- 
tention abroad,  and  in  seeking  an  outlet  for  their  surplus  in  productions 
they  came  into  competition  with  England.  On  the  other  hand,  England 
had  been  undergoing  a  great  change;  rents  had  become  so  high  that 
farmers  were  ruined  or  else  farms  remained  unlet,  which,  with  a  succes- 
sion of  bad  harvests,  caused  large  deficiencies  in  the  food  product,  to  be 
maile  good  by  importation.  The  cost  of  the  necessaries  of  life  had  be- 
come higher;  new  markets  for  her  manufactures  were  diflBcult  to  find; 
the  quality  of  the  manufactures  had  deteriorated,  and  labor  ha<l  become 
uncertain  and  less  productive.    This  was  the  state  of  affairs  when  she 


88  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

foand  herself  called  apon  to  face  a  powerfal,  vigilant,  and  intelligent 
competition  in  markets  she  hitherto  monopolized. 

India  is  yet  a  comparatively  open  market  through  the  pressure  of  mi 
enormous  garrison,  but  this  may  not  last  long  if  there  be  anything  in 
the  following  opinion  of  an  intelligent  Hindoo  merchant,  reported  in 
one  of  the  ]U>ndon  papers: 

Free  trade  may  be  a  very  nice  thing  for  England,  bat  it  is  a  very  bad  thing  for  India. 
y^o  are  now  undersold  and  mined  in  every  direction  as  regards  onr  mananctnros. 

The  cost  of  living  is  j^reatly  increased,  and  the  value  of  the  rapee  has  diminished. 

Before  we  had  the  disadvantage  of  acqaaintanoe  with  England  these  millions  of 
people  macnfactnred  everything  reqaired  for  their  own  wants,  and  the  native  gov- 
ernments protected  their  own  mannfactures.  , 

Now,  England  has  got  a  firm  hold  of  this  great  peninsula ;  she  bnj^s  the  raw  material 
here  and  in  other  ooontriee,  and  inondates  India  and  onderaells  asm  everrthing,  with 
cheap  goods  and  clothes  of  all  ^leecriptions.  What  is  the  lesnlt  to  India  f  The  people 
have  Men  mined  and  driven  into  tne  fields  as  laborers  and  agricoltnrists,  that  the 
people  of  lianchester  and  Birmingham  may  make  millions  of  money  at  our  expense. 
We  are  beaten  and  undersold  at  every  point,  and  still  the  Manchester  Chamber  of 
Commerce  cries  for  farther  reduction  of  our  import  duties  for  their  advantage  and 
onr  greater  ruin. 

This  is  what  you  call  governing  India  for  the  Indians. 

You  most  be  great  fools  if  vou  think  that  the  i>eople  of  India  cannot  and  do  not 
understand  and  see  through  all  these  false  pretenses. 

You  must  be  greater  foSs  if  yon  think  that  we  love  English  rule  because  it  is  Jnst. 
We  prefer  onr  own  rule— the  rale  of  Hindoo  and  Mohammedan  kings  and  princes, 
wbo  spent  the  revenues  of  India  and  did  not  export  them  to  London  &r  the  payment 
of  large  pensions  to  thousands  of  officers  and  civilians,  as  well  as  to  the  wives  and 
fa  miUes  of  the  same. 

The  English  do  not  spend  half  their  Uage  incomes  in  India. 

Sahib,  remember  yon  are  only  encampea  in  India ;  we  see  the  flash  of  your  bayonets 
at  every  station,  and  we  know  what  devils  yon  are  to  fight  against  black  races. 

But  we  are  a  patient  people.  We  wait  for  the  time  when  yon  will  have  great  wars, 
demanding  all  your  men  and  ships,  when  yon  will  meet  with  defeat ;  then  yon  will 
have  to  withdraw  large  numbers  or  your  soldiers  from  India. 

France  has  recently  given  a  fillip  to  the  free-traders,  by  increasing  her 
tariff  and  terminating  a  treaty  of  commerce,  and  while  some  people  urge, 
with  force  and  vigor,  that  nothing  should  be  done  by  England,  others 
want  skillful  retaliation,  forgetting  that  this  may  cause  a  ftirther  increase 
in  the  French  tariff. 

Of  course  the  United  States,  on  account  of  its  continued  devotion  to 
protection,  has  come  in  for  a  frill  share  of  abuse  from  firee-traders,  but 
she  has  been  well  able  to  bear  it,  and  can  stand  a  great  deal  more  with- 
out foregoing  one  iota  of  a  policy  which  has  raii^  the  country  to  its 
present  proud  and  prosperous  position. 

I  also  believe  that  we  can  look  on  with  perfect  indifference  to  any  agi- 
tation for  retaliation  which  may  arise,  because  England  is  absolutely 
dependent  upon  us  for  the  greater  part  of  her  breadstuffs,  and  is  likely 
to  continue  so ;  and,  furthermore,  a  corn  duty  could  not  sensibly  affect 
us  were  it  possible  to  impose  it,  for  the  simple  reason  that  they  would 
have  to  buy  our  com  under  any  circumstances.  Powerful  as  the  present 
fair-trade  agitation  has  become,  I  do  not  apprehend  it  will  ever  reach 
the  point  of  taxing  food. 

Free  trade  indirectly  ruined  agriculture,  the  mainstay  of  every  coun- 
try, in  England,  but  a  corn  duty,  protection,  can  never  mend  the  matter. 
The  root  of  the  evil  lies  in  the  land  system  itself,  land  having  become 
so  very  dear  through  the  abnormal  state  of  things  brought  about  by 
free  trade,  that  even  by  charging  excessive  rents  the  return  to  the  land- 
owner barely  amounts  to  2  per  cent. ;  and  even  a  great  decline  in  the 
price  of  land,  followed  by  a  proportionate  reduction  in  rents,  will  not 
euabio  England  to  produce  anything  like  the  amount  of  breadstuflb  re- 
quired for  home  consumption. 


TAKIFPS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  89 

Jjandlords  in  England  are  dislDolined,  if  able,  to  make  the  necessary 
sacrifice ;  and,  by  conseqaence,  I  can  see  no  pennaneDt  way  out  of  the 
difficulty.  A  temporary  benefit  might  be  derived  by  taxing  everything 
(breadstoffs  excepted)  that  comes  into  the  coantry,  but  as  the  home  mar- 
ket is  as  yet  practically  secare  against  the  invasion  of  foreign  manufact- 
nres,  it  would  scarcely  be  thought  worth  while  to  stultify  themselves  by 
sncb  a  direct  procliunation  of  tiie  fiEkUure  of  so  cherished  a  principle  as 
free  trade. 

But  the  home  market  being  thus  secure,  the  people  know  well  enough 
1  ha t  no  new  markets  can  be  opened  by  a  tariff ;  and,  as  new  markets  are 
really  needed,  this  causes  whatever  there  is  of  hesitation  on  t^e  part  of 
*'/<itr  traders." 

A.  V.  DOCKBRY, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

LeedSy  September  1, 1881. 


OUS  HEW  TARIFF  AHB  BBITISH  MAVUFAOTUSES. 

MBPORT  BY  CONSUL  DOOKBBT,  OF  LBBD8. 
THE  WOOLEN-GOODS  TRADE  OF  LEEDS. 

From  what  I  have  been  able  to  learn  I  believe  the  tariff  will  prove 
disastrous  to  the  chief  industry  of  my  district — the  woolen  trade.  Dur- 
ing the  agitation  which  preceded  the  enactment  of  this  tariff  law  it  was 
anticipated  here  that  a  more  liberal  schedule  of  duties  would  be  adopted, 
and  the  hopes  of  manufacturers  were  accordingly  only  raised  for  the 
moment,  as  it  were,  for  they  now  find  themselves  face  to  face  with  little 
or  no  demand  for  their  wares,  and  the  complaints  in  consequence  in- 
crease doily.  It  was  for  a  little  while  thought  that  light  woolen  goods 
of  a  low  class  would  benefit  materially  by  the  new  arrangement,  but  on 
a  strict  analysis  even  this  expectation  is  evidently  not  to  be  realized. 
And  it  is  a  matter  of  congratulation,  not  only  to  the  framers  of  the 
tariff,  who  displayed  so  much  wisdom,  but  also  to  American  artisans 
and  the  American  people  generally,  that  there  should  be  left  no  loop- 
bole  through  which  any  class  of  woolen  goods  can  enter  fi^udulently. 
1  am  led  thus  to  speak  because  I  have  had  complaints  preferred  against 
the  change  in  the  tariff  which  makes  woolens  liable  to  an  ad  valorem 
duty  and  also  a  varying  specific  duty  per  pound  weight  according  to 
t  be  value  per  yard.  While  as  a  matter  of  course  there  is  here  objection 
to  any  and  every  sort  of  duty  levied  by  any  other  nation  than  Great 
Britain,  still  merchants  and  manufacturers  in  a  large  way  of  business 
could,  with  a  considerable  amount  of  explanation,  understand  a  simple 
ad  valorem  and  specific  duty  imposed  by  a  foreign  nation;  yet  it  passes 
their  understanding  that  a  foreign  country  should  impose  a  duty  of  35 
per  cent,  ad  valorem  and  also  a  specific  duty  of  35  cents  per  pound  on 
cloth  valued  at  less  than  80  cents  per  yard,  and  yet  a  higher  ad  valorem 
duty  on  cloth  worth  above  80  cents  per  pound.  Bepntable  shippers 
profess  not  to  understand  so  complicated  a  schedule  of  duties,  and  I  have 
been  importuned  to  explain  it  and  the  effect  it  will  have  on  certain  kinds 
of  cloth;  but  naturally  I  have  said  if  persons  in  the  trade  do  not  under- 
stand it  I  cannot  be  reasonably  exi>ected  to  enlighten  them,  although  I 
have  gone  so  far  as  to  intimate  to  one  firm  which  pressed  for  an  answer 


90  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

that  I  supposed  it  was  the  intention  of  the  framers  of  the  law  to  leave 
no  room  for  frandulent  practices.  From  hiy  knowledge  of  the  trade 
here,  its  exigencies  and  straits,  it  is  well  that  so  much  forethought  was 
displayed.  Indeed  the  gratitude  of  every  laborer,  artisan,  and  capital- 
ist connected  in  any  manner  with  the  woolen  industry  of  the  United 
States,  as  also  of  the  nation  at  large,  on  account  ol  the  protection  to 
revenue,  is  due  t6  those  who  had  the  wisdom  to  frame  the  tariff  on  wool- 
ens. Thus  far  there  is  a  considerable  falling  off  in  the  export  of  woolens 
from  this  consular  district  to  the  United  States ;  and  as  this  has  not 
been  caused  by  the  tariff  change  which  only  comes  into  effect  on  the  1st 
of  next  month,  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  shipments  will 
continue  to  decrease,  and  that  by  the  end  of  the  current  year  I  shall 
be  able  to  show  a  very  serious  falling  off  in  the  total  amount  of  exports 
to  the  United  States. 

The  woolen  trade  of  the  district  is  in  a  very  depressed  condition.  It 
has  l>een  so  for  a  long  while.  There  is  no  money  to  be  made  in  it  now, 
nor  has  any  been  made  for  the  past  ten  years.  If  one  asks  how  is  it  they 
have  gone  on  so  long,  and  are  still  standing  up  against  adversity,  I  have 
only  to  answer  that  it  is,  when  once  fairly  started  here,  just  about  as 
easy  to  run  an  insolvent  business  and  live  ostentatiously  (a  requisite') 
out  of  it  for  many  years,  as  it  is  to  carry  on  a  perfectly  sound  business. 
Of  course,  if  the  happy,  lucky  moment  of  prosperity  does  not  come, 
eventually  the  crisis  does,  and  down  goes  business  with  heavy  liabili- 
ties, and  only  assets  enough  left  to  pay  for  a  few  letters  written  by  solici- 
tors and  the  other  expenses  of  the  accountant  or  solicitor  who  undertakes 
to  bury  the  affair  out  of  reach  of  the  creditors.  I  am  told  nearly  every 
day  by  respectable  men  as  to  the  condition  of  the  woolen  trade.  I  was 
told  this  day  as  to  the  serious  stat«  of  affairs  at  Dewsbury,  where  the 
mills  used  to  run  half  their  time  to  supply  the  American  demand  alone, 
subsequently  for  the  continental  trade,  but  are  now  reduced  to  unprofit- 
able competition  with  others  in  the  home  trade,  with  the  lowest  scale 
of  living  wage><,  and  consequently  work  people  leaving  in  large  numbers 
for  America  and  Canada,  loss  of  money  to  owners,  warehouses  unlet,  and 
property  decreasing  in  value  at  an  alarming  rate.  Some  capitalists  have 
also  recently  gone  from  there  to  the  United  States  to  start  in  the  manu- 
facture of  woolen  goods.  The  tariff  of  first  one  country  and  then  an- 
other having  been  raised  has  produced  this  unwholesome  effect  upon  the 
woolen  trade  which  formerly  had  a  hold  in  Germany,  Austria,  Spain, 
France,  and  Italy,  whereas  now  there  is  a  very  poor  trade  with  those 
countries.  Still  the  shippers  manage  to  keep  going  on,  losing  money 
for  a  long  while,  and  of  course  much  of  the  money  lost  is  not  their  own. 
Only  a  few  days  ago  a  cloth  firm  in  Leeds  suspended,  and  I  have  now 
heard  that  they  attribute  their  suspension  to  the  change  in  the  Italian 
tariff*,  which  occurred  about  eight  years  ago.  In  fact  25  cents  in  the 
dollar  is  reckoneil  a  pretty  fair  dividend  now  to  creditors,  unless  they 
should  be  able  to  wind  up  the  estate  without  the  aid  of  a  solicitor.  But 
it  is  not  only  in  the  cloth  trade  that  failures  take  place  where  the  par- 
ties have  been  bankrupt  for  years.  A  little  while  ago  a  large  oil  mer- 
chant in  Yorkshire  failed,  who  had  been  bankrupt  for  several  years, 
but  still  kept  going  on  and  living  at  the  rate  of  thousands  a  year,  ex- 
pecting the  millennium  of  particular  if  not  universal  prosperity. 

Under  this  awful  stagnancy  there  exists  a  tendencj^  to  become  bellig- 
erent, for,  with  all  the  social  and  other  attractions,  the  one  great  ideal  of 
every  Englishman  is  trade.  If  he  cannot  trade  he  will  not  be  happy.  I 
do  not  speak  of  trade  in  a  narrow  sense,  fur  no  one  looks  with  so  mlich 
scorn  upon  people  engaged  in  trade  as  those   Englishmen  do  whose 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEEAL  COUNTRIES.  91 

fathers  made  their  fortunes  in  it,  or  even  those  who  themselves  have 
done  so  and  qnitted  it ;  but  I  refer  to  trade  in  its  wider  sense,  that  of 
coaxing  big  nations  into  free-trade  ideas,  conquering  insignificant  tribes, 
annexing  cannibal  islands  and  parts  of  uncivilized  continents,  and  fur- 
nishing all  with  a  governor  and  body  guard  and  a  few  dozen  Mauches- 
ter  merchants^  the  latter,  of  course,  clothe  the  savages  with  a  strinj^:  of 
beads  and  an  ii^n  ankle-band,  and  perhaps  a  strip  of  cotton  cloth,  but 
when  they  have  realized  their  thousand  per  cent,  several  times  they 
come  back  to  England  to  spend  their  wealth. 

This  belligerent  interest  is  marshaled  by  those  otherwise  not  very 
puissant  bodies,  the  Chambers  of  Commerce,  whose  not  famous  achieve- 
ments 80  much  as  their  extravagant  conceits  are  enough  to  alarm  all 
the  clannish  trades  from  engineer  to  tanner,  thereby  causing  such  action 
as  to  disturb  distant  nations.  Egypt  has  been  subjected,  alter  a  most 
fearful  though  painless  struggle,  beginning  with  a  second  Trafalgar 
and  ending  with  another  Waterloo,  to  the  dominion  of  Manchester. 

Now,  apparently.  New  Guinea,  in  order,  of  course,  that  grievances 
should  be  redressed,  ii\juiie8  removed,  abuses  correoted,  and  free  trade 
established,  is  to  be  annexed  to  England,  and  Manchester  is  to  have 
the  first  turn  at  supplying  the  aborigines  of  that  big  country  with  girdle 
cloths.  The  commercial  progress  of  the  United  States  in  Mexico,  as 
well  as  the  French  expedition  to  Tonquin  and  the  bombardment  of  a 
mud  fort  in  Madagascar,  is  at  the  same  time  viewed  with  great  concern 
by  the  commercial  chambers  in  England. 

THE  FLAX  AND  LINEN  TRADE. 

The  flax  trade  of  this  district  will  also  be  adversely  afl:ected  by  the 
new  tariff.  A  large  Leeds  manufacturer  of  linen  yarns  told  me  a  few 
days  ago  that  he  had  made  his  last  shipment  to  the  United  States,  be- 
cause the  framers  of  the  new  tariff,  in  affecting  to  lower  the  duty,  had 
really  increased  it,  at  least  so  far  as  his  wares  were  concerned,  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  stop  further  shipments.  The  u^ual  pnce  of  the  yarns 
8hipi>ed  by  said  firm  is  sixpence  per  pound,  and  the  duty  in  the  old 
tanff  was  33^  per  cent.,  whereas  in  the  new  tariff  it  is  40  per  cent,  ad 
valorem.  Therefore  the  increase  in  the  duty  amounts  at  the  foregoing 
valuation  to  1  cent,  per  pound,  and  when  it  is  known  that  this  acUli- 
tioual  cent  stops  exportation,  it  will  be  seen  what  a  small  margin  has 
hitherto  been  available  for  profit  in  this  trade.  I  am  told  that  should 
makers  be  enabled  through  any  cause  to  turn  out  linen  yarns  at,  say,  5d. 
per  pound,  they  would  then  again  ship  their  goods  to  the  United  States. 
This  seems  to  me  to  have  some  bearing  upon  free  trade,  which  was  a 
debatable  subject  nearly  forty  years  ago,  but  it  is  needless  to  pursue 
it  now  further  than  to  remark  that  the  only  apparent  way  in  which  the 
manufacturer  is  to  again  combat  the  American  tariff  is  to  reduce  the 
price  of  his  ware.  Of  course  such-  reduction  means  less  wages,  work- 
ing on  small  and  therefore  dangerous  margins,  and  with  cheap  money. 
It  is  obvious  the  scale  of  wages  cannot  be  reduced;  the  raw  material  is 
already  very  cheap;  all  waste  is  put  to  the  very  best  use,  and  the  very 
fact  of  working  on  small  margins  would  cause  money  to  become  dear 
for  the  purpose  of  such  industries.  Therefore,  I  do  not  expect  to  see  a 
re\ival  in  the  exportation  of  linen.  I  am  given  to  understand  that  the 
flax  and  linen  trade  generally  has  been  in  a  very  unsatisfactory  condi- 
tion for  several  years,  and  that  parties  so  engaged  would  gladly  get  out 
if  it  were  possible  to  do  so  without  incurring  very  serious  losses  in 
realizing  upon  plant,  &c.  As  an  illustration  of  this,  I  may  say  that  the 
machinery  of  a  large  Leeds  flax  spinning  concern  was  sold  by  auction 


92  TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

for  only  £7,000,  while  it  was  valued  in  the  company's  books  for  insar- 
ance  purposes  at  £50,000. 

The  manufacture  of  linen  cloths  is  regarded  as  the  best  part  of  the 
fax  industry,  but  even  this  is  anything  but  a  remunerative  business  at 
present. 

Of  patent  linen  threads,  &c.,  I  have  to  say  that  while  the  exportation 
of  the  same  to  the  United  states  continues  to  be  on  as  large  a  scale  bs 
formerly,  the  trade  has  undergone  such  a  radical  change  since  my  arrival 
here,  six  years  ago,  in  the  shape  of  increased  discounts  and  an  almost 
total  cessation  of  absolute  sales  by  the  substitution  of  consignments,  that 
I  do  not  feel  justified  in  speaking  here  at  all  of  such  a  peculiarly  con- 
ditioned trade.  Eegarding  this  change,  however,  I  expect  in  the  course 
of  a  few  days  to  make  ^  special  report  to  the  Department. 

THE  IRON  INDUSTRY  OP  LEBDS. 

The  iron  industry  of  Leeds  will  not  be  affected  to  any  appreciable 
•extent  either  way  by  the  new  tariff.  This  industry  appears  to  be  in  a 
healthy  state,  and  while  it  may  not  be  in  a  particularly  flonrisfaing  con- 
dition, yet  it  is  recognized  as  composed  of  sounder  elements  than  most 
other  industries. 

TANNERS,  BREWERS,  AND  BUTCHERS. 

I  understand  the  tanners  of  this  district  have  been  doing  a  very  bad 
business  for  a  year  or  so;  in  fact,  losing  much  of  the  money  they  so  sud- 
denly found  themselves  possessed  of  a  few  years  ago  when  their  trade 
was  so  good.  This  state  of  affairs  regarding  tanners  somewhat  sur- 
prises me,  because  of  their  close  affinity  to  brewers  and  butchers,  who 
1  am  sure  are  still  doing  a  thriving  business.  The  former  class  are, 
what  with  brewing  beer,  owning  or  otherwise  controlling  many  public 
dram-shops,  peddling  tobacco,  cigars,  snuff,  &c.,  fast  becoming  an  influ- 
ential quantity  politically  in  England,  besides  amassing  for  themselves 
•extensive  fortunes  and  an  illimitoble  audacity,  while  the  latter  possess 
full  as  much  egotism,  somewhat  less  education,  but  thorough  honesty, 
•except  regarding  American  beef,  which  they  will  not  sell  at  all  as  such. 

THE  LIMITED-LIABILITY  ACT. 

The  limited-liability  act  has  militated  against  honest  trade  in  Eng- 
land and  done  very  serious  injury  thereto  by  placing  in  the  bands  of  a 
few  men,  known  as  directors,  who  are  chiefly  concerned  in  drawing 
their  salaries,  the  power  to  wreck  by  hazardous  enterprise  businesses 
hitherto  perfectly  sound.  The  durectors,  in  the  keen  competition  which 
-exists  in  all  branches  of  commerce,  not  only  frequently  bring  their  own 
companies  to  grief,  but,  unfortunately,  other  more  honest  tn^ers  whose 
liabilities  are  not  limited  to  the  capital  employed.  Directors  have  a 
•comparatively  easy  task  to  perform,  that  of  drawing  their  salaries  and 
paying  dividends^  which  latter  operation  may  be  done  for  some  years 
out  of  capital  without  arousing  from  their  sluggish  sleep  credulous 
shareholders:  but,  alas,  the  dismal  day  of  reckoning  does  eventually 
arrive,  and  although  the  directors  ascribe  the  calamity  to  bad  trade, 
•Ac,  and  they  escape  scot-free,  their  position  is  envied  by  no  honest 
person. 

A.  V.  DOCKERY, 

Oansul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

LeedSj  June  19, 1883. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEBAL   COUNTBIES.  93 


TARTTF  BSVISIOV. 

MJTRAOmOMTBMAmrUAZ  BBPOET  OF  CONSUL-QENBEAL  MBEEITT,  OF  LONDON. 

The  disoofision  in  Congress,  pending  the  passage  of  the  bill  authoriz- 
log  the  appointment  of  a  Commission  for  the  revision  of  the  tariff,  ex- 
cited a  good  deal  of  interest  in  Great  Britain,  and  in  other  countries 
having  commercial  relations  with  the  United  States.  This  was  clearly 
shown  by  means  of  a  general  discussion  of  the  matter,  at  the  time,  in 
the  new8pai>er  press  of  these  countries.  The  prevailing  opinion  in 
Great  Britain,  and  that,  too,  supported  by  the  present  cabinet,  is 
fitioDgly  in  favor  of  free  trade.  There  are,  however,  a  considerable 
nnml^  of  influential  manufacturers  who  claim  to  be  protectionists,  and 
favor  what  they  call  <^  fair  trade."  ]Nrevertheless,  all  parties  appear  to  be 
in  perfect  accord  as  regards  one  thing,  to  wit,  opposition  to  a  protective 
tariff  in  the  United  States. 

In  the  matter  of  the  proposed  revision  of  the  tariff'  laws,  it  will  not, 
perhaps,  be  out  of  place  for  me  to  make  the  following  suggestions : 

1.  Whenever  practicable^  duties  should  be  made  simple  and  specific, 
and  adjusted  so  as  to  discnminate  in  favor  of  American  labor. 

2.  All  articles,  the  duties  upon  which  are  comparatively  small,  should 
be  put  upon  the  free  list. 

3.  Original  works  of  art^  antiques,  curiosities,  and,  generally  speak- 
ing, all  collections  illustrating  the  natural  sciences,  should  be  admitted 
ft^  of  duty. 

4.  Still  further,  in  the  interests  of  a  general  educational  development, 
whether  in  the  matter  of  schools,  colleges,  or  private  individuals,  I  rec- 
ommend that,  for  their  own  use,  all  text  books  and  maps,  charts,  models, 
&c.,  for  scientific  and  professional  needs,  as  also  all  scientific  and  pro- 
fessional apparatus  and  instruments,  be  placed  upon  the  free  list. 

5.  In  so  far  as  it  is  practicable,  in  the  revision  of  the  tariff  laws,  an 
especial  end  in  view  should  be  the  protection  of  new,  important,  and 
yet  struggling  industries — ^industries  which,  once  thoroughly  rooted, 
would  be  able  in  a  few  years,  unprotected,  to  hold  their  own  against 
the  world.  To  this  end,  all  raw  material  entering  into  such  struggling, 
manufacturing  industries  should  be  admitted  free,-  or  at  least  at  a  very 
low  rate  of  duty.  Specific  provision  should  be  made  determining  in 
what  condition  the  material  or  merchandise  shall  be,  in  order  to  be 
classified  as  ^^  raw  material.'' 

6.  A  simplification  of  the  customs  laws  is  desirable  so  as  to  avoid,  as 
much  as  possible,  their  misconstruction  and  consequent  litigation,  as 
also  to  relieve  merchants  from  annoying  delays  in  making  entry  of  their 
goods.  Proper  invoices  of  merchandise  on  the  free  list,  with  bills  ot 
lading,  when  presented  by  the  consignee,  if  the  owner,  or  by  any  person 
to  whom  they  may  have  been  regularly  translerred  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  business,  should  be  accepted  by  the  customs  authorities,  and 
the  delivery  of  the  merchandise  cov^^  by  such  papers  should  be  with- 
out cause  of  action  as  against  the  collector.  Provision  should  be  made 
so  that,  in  case  of  the  delivery  of  goo<ls  before  their  quantities  or  values 
have  been  ascertained  and  returned  to  the  custom-house,  in  addition  to 
duty,  .an  adequate  percentage  upoi  tl^  entered  value  shall  be  dei>osited 
until  the  final  liquidation  of  the  invoice. 

7.  The  most  equitable  basis  for  fixing  values  upon  merchandise  sub- 
ject to  ad  valorem  rates  of  duty  wotild  be  the  average  wholesale  price, 


94  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEYEfiAL   COUNTRIES. 

in  bond,  at  the  principal  ports  of  entry  in  the  United  States:  such  valua- 
tions, in  cases  of  disagreement,  to  be  determined  on  appeal,  by  a  board 
of  general  appraisers,  to  consist  of  five  members,  three  to  be  located  on 
the  Atlantic  seaboard,  one  on  the  Pacific,  and  one  in  the  interior.  The 
adoption  of  home  valuations  would  do  away  with  the  necessity  for  in- 
vestigations as  to  the  current  market  values  of  the  merchandise  in  the 
country  from  whence  it  was  imported.  These  market  values,  undergo- 
ing constant  changes,  are,  other  things  equal,  not  the  same  in  different 
countries,  and,  under  the  most  favorable  conditions,  are  difficult  for  con- 
sular officers,  special  agents  of  the  Treasury  Department,  or  custom- 
house appraisers  to  determine.  It  is,  moreover,  especially  difficult  to 
ascertain  the  commissions,  and  other  proper  charges,  which,  under  ex- 
isting laws,  are  to  be  added  to  the  market  prices  in  order  to  establish 
dutiable  values.  Still  i\irther,  by  means  of  home  valuation,  the  neces- 
sity for  the  production  of  consular  authentications  of  invoices  would  be 
obviated. 

8.  Generally  speaking,  in  the  interest  of  the  common  weal,  it  is  desir- 
able that  the  tariff*  be  so  adjusted,  and  such  regulations  in  connection 
therewith  be  adopted,  as  shall  cause  thereafter,  on  the  part  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, the  smallest  i>ossible  amount  of  friction  with  and  annoyance 
to  the  business  community.  The  imposition  of  taxes  upon  the  commer- 
cial business  of  the  country  will  never  be  popular  with  those  ui)on 
whom,  in  the  first  instance,  the  burdec  directly  falls.  It  would,  there- 
fore, seem  to  be  the  part  of  wisdom  for  legislation  to  so  simplify  and 
adjust  these  taxes,  and  the  rules  and  regulations  enforcing  their  collec- 
tion, as  to  insure  the  acquiesence  if  not  the  approval  of  the  great  mass 
of  the  people. 

Every  Government,  administered  so  as  to  conserve  the  real  well-being 
and  x)ermanent  prosperity  of  its  people  as  a  whole,  must  specially  foster 
and  sustain,  amongst  its  varied  industries,  agricultural,  manufacturing, 
and  commercial,  those  which  are  a  prime  necessity  to  the  greatest  num- 
ber, whenever  it  has  become  evident  that  private  enterprise  and  capital 
are  alone  unable  to  establish  and  maintain  them.  This  fostering  and 
sustaining  on  the  part  of  the  Government  must  be  done^  by  means  of 
protection  against  foreign  competition  on  the  one  hand,  or  by  means  of 
direct  suppnort  on  the  other. 

Other  things  equal,  the  establishment  of  nearly  every  kind  of  manu- 
facture in  a  new  and  growing  country,  ill-provided  with  skilled  labor, 
effective  machinery,  and  lines  of  cheap  transportation,  involves,  at  the 
outset  and  thereafter,  a  large  expenditure  of  money.  A  considerable 
period  of  time  must  therefore  necessarily  elapse  before  an  adequate  re- 
turn for  such  outlay  can  be  looked  for;  in  other  words,  before  any  enter- 
prise BO  established  can  become  self-supporting.  Nevertheless  if,  during 
the  infancy  of  such  enterprises,  prices  to  the  consumer  have  been  en- 
hanced, with  their  growth  the  raw  hand  will  become  the  skilled  laborer, 
motive  power  and  machinery  will  have  been  rendered  more  effective, 
and  the  cheapest  avenues  for  home  and  export  sale  and  trade  openea 
up,  until  finally,  without  aid  or  protection,  these  industries  are  i>erma- 
nently  established  with  the  world's  market  at  their  command.  Home 
competition  and  rapid  production  naturally  following,  the  cost  of  manu- 
facture and  price  to  the  consumer  gradually  diminisn,  until  the  lowest 
limit  is  reached. 

Still  further,  it  must  also  be  conceded  that  the  incidental  and  indirect 
advantages  to  communities  in  which  growing  industries  are  located 
must  be  very  great  They  stimulate  general  business  by  providing 
employment  for  labor  in  itself  unskilled;  they  furnish  an  incentive  to 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEBAX.   COUNTRIES.  95 

creative  genius  in  the  matter  of  mechanical  and  physical  invention  and 
iliscovery;  they  open  op  new  thoroughfares;  they  create  local  markets 
for  agricultural  products;  they  form  nuclei  for  large  retail  commercial 
transactions;  they  are  sources  of  largely  increased  incomes  to  the  va- 
rious lines  of  local  transportation  of  the  country;  ip  a  word,  they  are 
the  roots  of  a  home  civilization  which,  carefully  tended,  deepen  and 
broaden  until  they  permeate  with  their  beneficent  influence  all  classes 
of  the  community,  and  imbue  them  with  the  vigor  and  richness  of  per- 
manent, healthy,  and  intelligent  life. 

This  principle  of  protecting  struggling  industries  should,  moreover, 
be  applied  particularly  to  our  mercantile  marine,  which,  admittedly,  on 
all  hands,  is  in  great  need  of  encouragement  and  support,  not  only  on 
account  of  its  importance  in  itself  as  regards  our  special  commercial 
interests,  but  also  in  order  that,  |n  a  general  sense,  we  may,  as  a  people, 
make  ourselves  independent  of  the  varied  policies,  caprices,  and  jeal- 
ousies of  foreign  nationalities. 

EDWIN  A.  MBRRITT, 

OdMulr  General. 

United  States  Gonsulate-Genebal, 

London^  November  10, 1882. 


FBANCB. 


THBTABIFF  OF  HAT  8, 1881,  SHOWS  OLD  AND  HEW  TABIFFS,  AHD 

ALSO  COHVEHTIOHAL  RATES. 

I  transmit  herewith  a  ^<  comparative  statement  of  the  old,  the  con- 
ventional, and  the  new  tariff  of  France,  especially  in  respect  of  articles 
which  were  prohibited  or  subjected  to  prohibitory  duties  in  the  old 
tariff,  and  also  a  comparative  statement  in  respect  of  articles  the  duties 
on  which  have  been  sensibly  increased  by  the  new  tariff."  These  state- 
ment show — 

1st.  The  duties  imposed  prior  to  May  8, 1881,  upon  goods  or  mer- 
chandise imported  into  France  from  countries  having  no  treaties  or 
conventions  of  commerce  with  France. 

2d.  The  duties  which  were  and  which  will  be  levied  upon  goods  or 
merchandise  imported  from  countries  having  treaties  or  conventions 
of  commerce  with  France  till  the  expiration  of  said  treaties  or  conven- 
tions. 

3d.  The  duties  fixed  by  the  new  general  tariff  promulgated  on  the  8th 
of  May,  1881. 

The  nations  having  treaties  or  conventions  of  commerce  with  France 
are  England,  Belgium,  Italy,  Switzerland,  Sweden  and  Norway,  Hol- 
land, Portugal,  Austria,  Turkey,  and  Germany. 

The  following  law  respecting  the  extension  of  these  treaties  was 'pro- 
mulgated on  the  20th  of  July,  1881 : 

Only  Abticlb. — The  Gtovemment  is  authorized  to  extend  for  thrae  months  firom 
November  8,  1881,  the  treaties  and  conventions  of  commerce  actually  in  force. 

The  present  law  agreed  upon  by  the  senate  and  the  chamber  of  deputies  shall  be 
executed  as  a  statute  law. 

It  was  understood  that  the  French  cabinet  could  only  grant  the  ex- 
tension fixed  by  the  above  law  in  case  commercial  conventions  were 
signed  before  that  epoch,  or  if  the  pending  negotiations  gave  reason  to 
expect  the  early  conclusion  of  new  treaties. 


96  TABIFFS   OF  THE   SEVEBAL  COUNTRIES. 

In  answer  to  the  foarth  question,  I  have  to  report  the  following  gen- 
eral provisions  of  the  law  and  the  powers  of  the  Government,  as  to  pro- 
viding revenue  from  imports  and  altering  and  modifying  existing  laws 
imposing  duties  on  imports: 

General  provisionf. — Customs  duties,  like  all  other  duties  or  taxes, 
cannot  be  definitely  dxed  except  by  law.  Their  rates  are  fixed  by  spe- 
cial laws,  and  their  collection  is  authorized  every  year  by  the  fiscal  law. 

Powers  of  the  Oavemment — ^The  executive  power  may,  in  case  of  ur- 
gency, administratively  and  by  simple  decrees,  alter  or  modify  provis- 
ionally the  rates  of  duties  on  imports,  and  prescribe  certain  measures 
regulating  the  the  collection  of  duties,  viz : 

1st.  It  may  prohibit  the  entry  of  merchandise  of  foreign  manufacture, 
or  increase  the  rates  of  duty  on  its  importation  into  France;  in  case  of 
prohibition,  however,  if  -it  can  be  proved  that  such  merchandise  was 
shipx>ed  prior  to  the  promulgation  of  the  decrees,  it  may  be  admitted 
after  payment  of  the  duties  and  according  to  the  rates  fixed  before  the 
prohibition. 

2d.  It  may  reduce  the  rates  of  duty  imposed  upon  raw  material  used 
for  manufacturiug  purposes. 

3d.  It  may  allow  or  prohibit  the  exportation  of  products  of  the  soil 
or  of  the  national  industry,  and  fix  the  duties  to  be  levied  upon  their 
exportation. 

The  provisions  thus  made  must  be  presented  in  the  form  of  a  bill  to 
the  legislative  bodies,  before  the  end  of  their  session  if  they  are  assem- 
bled, or  at  the  next  session  if  they  have  adjourned. 

In  derogation  of  these  rules  it  is  provided  that  the  duties  established 
upon  sugars  from  French  colonies  or  possessions  cannot  be  modified 
except  by  law;  but  an  extra  duty  (aur-taxe)  on  foreign  sugars  and  the 
classification  of  the  inferior  grades  of  these  sugars  may  be  modified  by 
simple  decree. 

The  duties  upon  cereals  or  other  alimentary  produce  also  cannot  be 
altered  except  by  law.  The  cereals  or  other  alimentary  produce  referred 
to  are  wheat,  spelt  and  masilin,  rye,  maize,  barley,  buckwheat,  oats 
(grain  and  flour),  rice  and  paddy,  bran  of  all  sorts  of  grain,  bread  and 
sea-biscuit,  oatmeal,  pearl  or  hulled  grain,  semoule,  feculse,  sago  and 
salex,  potatoes,  dry  vegetables,  chestnuts,  aJpia  and  millet,  fodder  and 
vetch. 

The  temporary  admission  of  foreign  producted  imported  into  France, 
to  be  manufactured  or  completed  there,  may  be  authorized,  and  in  case 
of  abuse  may  be  in  like  manner  revoked  by  decree,  provided  that  a  bond 
shall  be  given  for  their  re-exportation  or  for  their  return  to  the  Govern- 
ment bonded  warehouses,  after  an  interval  not  exceeding  six  months  if 
the  same  should  be  required.  Decrees  may  likewise  designate  the  cus- 
toms offices  which  will  be  open  to  the  transit  of  certain  classes  of  goods 
imported  or  exported,  modify  the  rates  of  tare,  the  methods  for  gaug- 
ing, the  regulations  for  customs  declarations,  for  packing  goods,  &c. 
Such  decrees  need  not  be  submitted  to  the  legislative  body  for  its  su no- 
tion, but  no  local  authority  and  no  tribunal  has  the  power  of  increasing 
or  reducing  the  rates  of  duty  prescribed  bv  the  tariff. 

GEORGE  WALKER, 

ConsuUOenercU. 

United  States  Consulate-Gbneeal, 

FariSy  France^  September  14, 1881. 


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128  TARIFFS  OF  THE   SEVERAL  COUNTRIES, 


FSEHCH-POBTUOUESE  TARIFF. 

TBEATY  OF  COMMERCE  AND  NA  VIGATION  BETWEEN  FRANCE  AND  POR- 
TUGAL OF  DECEMBER  19.  1881. 

[Translated  by  Consnl  Du  Pont-Syle,  of  Funchal.] 

Abtiole  1.  There  shall  be  full  and  entire  liberty  of  commerce  and 
navigation  between  the  people  of  the  two  countries.  French  and  Por- 
tuguese citizens  shall  not  be  subject,  on  account  of  their  commerce  and 
industry,  in  the  ports,  cities,  or  any  places  whatever  of  the  respective 
States,  whether  they  may  there  establish  themselves  or  reside  tempor- 
arily, to  any  taxes,  imposts,  or  patents,  under  any  name  whatsoever, 
other  nor  higher  than  those  which  shall  be  collected  on  citizens.  The 
privileges,  immunities,  and  other  favors  whatsoever  which,  in  the  mat- 
ter of  commerce  and  industry,  the  citizens  of  one  of  the  high  contract- 
ing powers  may  enjoy,  shall  be  common  to  those  of  the  other. 

2.  The  objects  of  Portuguese  origin  or  manufacture  enumerated  in 
Tariff  A,  joined  to  the  present  treaty,  shall  be  admitted  into  France  at 
the  duties  fixed  by  the  said  tariff',  all  additional  duties  included,  when 
they  shall  be  imported  directly. 

3.  The  objects  of  French  origin  or  manufacture  enumerated  in  Tariff 
B,  joined  to  the  present  treaty,  and  imported  directly  from  France  or 
Algeria,  shall  be  admitted  into  Portugal  at  the  duties  fixed  by  the  said 
tariff',  all  additional  duties  included,  except  the  duty  called  emoluments^ 
of  3  per  cent,  on  the  principal  duty,  which  shall  continue  to  be  collected. 

4.  Commodities  of  every  nature  originating  in  one  of  the  two  coun- 
tries and  imported  into  the  other  may  not  be  subjected  to  duties  of 
excise,  octroi^  or  consumption,  collected  on  account  of  the  state  of  com- 
munes, superior  to  those  which  burden  or  may  burden  similar  commod- 
ities of  native  production.  Nevertheless,  the  importation  duties  may 
l>e  augmented  by  sums  which  represent  the  expense  occasioned  to 
native  producers  by  the  excise  system. 

5.  If  one  of  the  high  contracting  parties  judges  necessary  to  estab- 
lish a  right  of  excise,  octroi^  or  consumption,  or  an  addition  to  a  duty, 
on  an  article  of  native  x)roduction  or  fabrication  comprised  in  the  tariffs 
annexed  to  the  present  treaty,  the  similar  foreign  article  may  immedi- 
ately be  burdened,  at  importation,  with  an  equal  duty. 

G.  The  high  contracting  parties  reciprocally  guarantee  the  treatment 
of  the  most  favored  nation  in  regard  to  all  that  concerns  importation, 
exportation,  and  transit.  Each  of  them  engages  to  cause  the  other  to 
profit  by  every  favor,  privilege,  or  abatement  in  the  import  or  export 
tariff  of  duties  of  articles  mentioned  or  not  (mentioned)  in  the  jiresent 
treaty  which  it  (each  nation)  would  accord  to  a  third  power.  Never- 
theless, there  is  reserved,  for  the  advantage  of  Portugal,  the  right  to 
concede  to  Brazil  alone  i)eculiar  advantages  which  may  not  be  claimed 
by  France,  as  a  consequence  of  her  right  to  the  treatment  of  the  most 
favored  nation. 

The  high  contracting  powers  further  engage  themselves  not  to  estab- 
lish one  against  the  other  any  duty,  or  import  prohibition,  or  export 
prohibition,  which  may  not  be,  at  the  same  time,  applicable  to  other 
nations. 

7.  In  that  which  concerns  commoditie^si  and  the  labels  of  commodi<^ 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         129 

or  their  packings,  designs,  and  marks  of  manufacture  or  commerce,  the 
French  and  Portuguese  shall  enjoy,  in  each  of  the  respective  states, 
the  same  protection  as  citizens. 

8.  Objects  liable  to  a  duty  of  entry  which  serve  for  samples,  and 
which  are  imported  into  Portugal  by  commercial  travelers  of  French 
houses,  or  into  France  by  commercial  travelers  of  Portuguese  houses, 
shall  enjoy,  on  one  side  and  the  other,  ou  condition  of  (their  undergo- 
ing) the  customhouse  formalities  necessary  for  insuring  their  re-expor- 
tation or  rewarehousing  in  bond,  a  restitution  of  the  duties  which  ought 
to  paid  on  entry.  These  formalities  shall  be  regulated  by  a  common 
agreement  between  the  high  contracting  parties. 

9.  French  manufacturers  and  their  merchants,  as  well  as  their  com- 
mercial travelers  traveling  in  Portugal,  may,  without  being  subject  to 
aoy  Portuguese  impost  or  patent,  there  make  purchases  and  sales  for 
the  needs  of  their  industry,  and  collect  orders,  with  or  without  samples, 
bat  without  retailing  merchandise. 

10.  The  ad  valorem  duties  stipulated  for  in  Tariff  B,  annexed  to  the 
present  treaty,  shall  be  calculated  on  the  value,  in  the  place  of  origin 
or  manufacture,  of  the  object  imported,  augmented  by  the  cost  of  trans- 
port, insurance  and  commission  necessary  for  importation  into  Portu- 
gal as  far  as  the  place  of  introduction. 

The  value  of  merchandise  imported  into  Portugal  must  be  established 
by  an  invoice  indicating  the  real  price,  and  emanating  from  the  manu- 
facturer or  seller,  or  by  a  declaration  which  shall  take  the  place  of  it. 

The  one  or  the  other  of  these  documents  must  specify  the  quantity  of 
each  kind  of  merchandise  contained  in  the  package,  as  well  as  their 
value. 

11.  If  the  Portuguese  custom-house  judge  the  declared  value  insuffi- 
cient, it  shall  make  provision  for  proceeding  to  a  valuation  of  the  mer- 
chandise by  experts,  of  whom  one  shall  be  nominated  by  it  (the  custom- 
house) and  the  other  by  the  importer.  In  case  of  division  of  opinion 
in  the  two  arbitrating  experts,  the  president  of  the  tribunal  of  commer- 
cial resort  shall  name  a  third  arbitrator.  If  the  appraisement  establish 
that  the  value  of  the  merchandise  does  not  exceed  by  10  per  cent,  that 
which  is  declared  by  the  importer,  the  duty  shall  be  collected  on  the 
sum  total"  of  the  declaration,  and  the  expenses  of  appraisement  shall  be 
borne  by  the  custom-house. 

In  the  contrary  case,  this  duty  shall  be  augmented  by  50  per  cent,  on 
the  score  of  penalty,  and  the  expenses  of  appraisement  shall  be  borne 
by  the  one  making  the  declaration. 

12.  Products  composed  of  materials  or  substances  diversely  taxed, 
not  specially  tariffed  in  the  present  treaty,  shall  pay  the  duty  of  the 
part  of  the  mixture  most  heavily  taxed,  except  when  the  parts  of  the 
mixture  may  be  easily  separated  or  when  accessories  shall  be  in  question. 

13.  French  ships  coming,  with  or  without  cargo,  from  any  port  what- 
soever into  the  ports  of  Portugal,  and  reciprocally  Portuguese  coming, 
with  or  without  cargo,  from  any  port  whatsoever  into  the  ports  of 
France,  shall  be  treated  similarly  to  the  ships  of  citizens. 

14.  The  two  high  contracting  powers  reserve  to  themselves  the  right 
to  previously  deduct  in  their  respective  ports,  on  the  ships  of  the  other 
XK)wer,  as  well  as  on  the  merchandise  composing  the  cargo  of  these 
ships,  si)ecial  taxes  applied  to  the  neeils  of  a  local  service. 

It  is  expected  that  the  taxes  in  question  shall  be,  in  every  case,  ap- 
plied to  the  ships  of  the  two  high  contracting  powers,  or  their  cargoes. 

15.  In  that  which  concerns  the  berthing  of  ships,  their  loading  and 
discharging  in  ports,  harbors,  roadsteads  or  basins,  and  generally  in 

1784  CONG — A  p 9 


130         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

regard  to  all  formalities  and  arrangements  whatsoever  to  which  mer- 
chant vessels,  their  crews,  and  cargoes  ought  to  be  submitted,  there 
shall  not  be  granted  to  national  vessels,  in  the  respective  states,  any 
privilege  nor  favor  which  shall  not  be  equally  granted  to  the  ships  of 
the  other  power;  the  will  of  the  high  contracting  powers  being  that,  in 
this  relation,  French  and  Portuguese  vessels  shall  be  treated  as  upon  a 
footing  of  perfect  equality. 

IG.  The  nationality  of  vessels  shall  be  admitted,  on  both  sides,  accord- 
ing to  the  particular  laws  and  regulations  of  each  country,  by  virtue  of 
the  documents  delivered  to  the  captains  by  the  competent  authorities. 

17.  Merchandise  of  ever}'  kind  imported  into  France  under  the  Por- 
tuguese flag,  and  reciprocally  merchandise  of  every  kind  imported  into 
Portugal  under  the  French  flag,  shall  enjoy  the  same  exemptions,  resti- 
tution of  duties,  bounties,  or  other  favors  of  any  kind  soever;  it  shall 
not  pay  respectively  other  nor  heavier  custom-house,  navigation,  or  toll 
duties,  collected  for  the  profit  of  the  state,  communes,  local  corporations, 
individuals,  or  any  establishments  whatsoever,  and  shall  not  be  subject 
to  any  formality  other  than  if  the  importation  had  taken  place  under 
the  national  flag. 

18.  Merchandise  of  Portuguese  origin  and  manufacture,  forwarded  to 
France  by  railways  bordering  on  Portugal  shall  be  considered  as  im- 
ported directly  under  the  Portuguese  flag,  provided  that  the  cars  or 
packages  containing  this  merchandise.be  sealed  by  the  Portuguese 
custom-house,  and  that  the  seals  be  acknowledged  intact  on  their  entry 
into  France. 

If,  by  consequence  of  circumstances  oi  force  majeure^  the  cars  come  to 
be  opened  in  course  of  transit,  the  benefit  of  the  preceding  arrangements 
shall  be  maintained,  provided  that  the  case  of  force  majeure  shall  be  duly 
established,  and  that  the  operations  which  may  be  the  consequence  of 
it  be  made  under  the  surveillance  of  the  local  authority,  which  most, 
moreover  aflix  new  seals  or  stamps. 

Merchandise  of  French  origin  or  manufacture  shall  enjoy,  under  the 
same  conditions,  on  entry  into  Portugal,  an  exactly  similar  treatment. 

19.  Merchandise  of  every  kind  which  shall  be  exported  from  Portugal 
by  French  ships,  or  from  France  by  Portuguese  ships,  for  any  destina- 
tion whatsoever,  shall  not  l)e  subjected  to  other  duties  nor  formalities 
of  exit  than  if  it  were  exported  by  national  ships,  and  shall  enjoy,  under 
both  flags,  all  bounties  and  restitutions  of  duties  or  other  favors  which 
are  or  shall  be  granted,  in  each  of  the  two  countries,  to  the  national 
marine. 

Nevertheless,  there  is  an  exception  made  to  the  preceding  arrange- 
ments in  that  which  concerns  the  particular  advantages  and  encourage- 
ments of  which  the  products  of  the  national  fishery  are  or  may  be  the 
object  in  the  one  country  or  the  other. 

20.  French  ships  entering  a  port  of  Portugal,  and,  reciprocally,  Por- 
tuguese ships  entering  a  port  of  France,  and  which  come  there  to  dis- 
charge only  a  part  of  their  cargo,  may,  while  conforming  however  to  the 
laws  and  regulations  of  the  respective  states,  keep  on  Iward  the  portion 
of  their  cargo  which  may  be  destined  for  another  port,  whether  of  the 
same  country  or  another,  and  may  re-export  it,  without  being  compelled 
to  pay  for  this  latter  portion  of  their  cargo  any  custom-house  t^x,  except 
the  taxes  of  surveillance,  which,  moreover,  shall  not  of  course  (8ic)  be 
collected  except  at  rates  fixed  for  the  national  commerce. 

21.  There  shall  be  completely  exempt  from  tonnage,  wharf,  and  dis- 
patch dues,  which  may  have  continued  to  be  maintained  in  the  respect- 
ive ports — 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         131 

(1.)  Ships  which,  entered  in  ballast  from  any  place  whatsoever,  shall 
dei)art  for  the  same  place  in  ballast. 

(2.)  Ships  which,  passing  from  a  port  of  one  of  the  two  states  into  one 
or  more  ports  of  the  same  state,  whether  for  the  purpose  of  there  dis- 
charging the  whole  or  a  portion  of  their  cargo  or  for  the  purpose  of 
making  op  or  completing  their  cargo,  shall  prove  to  have  paid  these 
dues. 

(3.)  Steamships  engaged  in  the  service  of  the  post-office,  of  travelers 
and  their  luggage,  and  performing  no  commercial  transaction. 

(4.)  Ships  which,  having  entered  a  port  with  cargo,  whether  volun- 
tarily or  compelled  by  circumstances,  shall  depart  from  it  without  hav- 
ing performed  any  commercial  transaction. 

There  shall  not  be  considered,  in  the  case  of  putting  into  port  of  ne- 
cessity, as  commercial  transactions,  the  discharging  and  reloading  of 
merchandise  for  the  repair  of  the  ship  or  its  cleansing,  when  it  is  put 
int4>  quarantine ;  the  transshipment  on  to  another  ship  in  case  of  the 
unseaworthiness  of  the  first ;  the  expenses  necessary  in  revictualing  for 
the  ship^s  company,  and  the  sale  of  damaged  goods  when  the  custom- 
house administration  shall  have  given  authority  for  it. 

22.  In  all  that  which  concerns  the  rights  of  navigation,  the  two  high 
contracting  parties  reciprocally  promise  not  to  grant  any  privilege  which 
may  not,  at  the  same  moment,  extend  to  the  citizens  of  their  respective 
nations. 

23.  Coast  navigation  or  the  coasting  trade  are  not  comprised  in  the 
stipulations  of  the  present  treaty. 

24.  Merchandise  of  every  kind  coming  from  one  of  the  two  states,  or 
going  thither,  shall  be  reciprocally  exempt,  in  the  other  state,  fix)m  every 
dnty  of  transit. 

[Nevertheless,  the  special  legislation  of  each  of  the  two  states  is  main- 
tained for  articles  the  transit  of  which  is  or  may  be  forbidden,  and  the 
two  high  contracting  powers  reserve  to  themselves  the  right  of  subject- 
ing to  special  authoiizations  the  transit  of  arms  and  munitions  of  war. 

25.  Products  of  the  soil  or  industry  of  the  country  of  one  of  the  high 
contracting  powers  shall  reciprocally  enjoy,  on  their  importation  into 
the  colonies  of  the  other  country,  all  the  advantages  and  favors  which 
actually  are  or  subsequently  shall  be  accorded  to  similar  products  of 
the  most  favored  nation. 

26.  The  arrangements  of  the  present  treaty  shall  be  applicable,  with- 
out any  exception,  on  the  one  side,  to  Algeria;  on  the  other  to  the  Portu- 
guese islands  known  as  adjacent;  viz,  to  the  islands  of  Madeira  and 
Porto  Santo  and  to  the  archipelago  of  the  Azores. 

27.  The  present  treaty  shall  go  into  force  the  9th  of  February,  1882, 
said  shall  remain  in  force  until  the  1st  of  February,  1892.  In  case  that 
neither  of  the  two  high  contracting  powers  shall  have  notified,  twelve 
months  before  the  end  of  said  period,  its  intention  of  causing  the  pur- 
poses of  said  treaty  to  cease,  it  shall  continue  binding  till  the  expiration 
of  a  year  from  the  day  on  which  one  or  other  of  the  high  contracting 
powers  shall  have  given  such  notice. 

28.  The  present  treaty  shall  be  submitted  to  the  approbation  of  the 
Chambers  of  each  of  the  two  states,  and  the  ratifications  of  it  shall  be 
exchanged  at  Paris,  at  the  latest,  by  the  4th  of  February,  1882. 


132 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


THE  HEW  FBEHCH  TARIFF  OH  SU0AS8. 

BBPOBT  AND  TRANSLATION  BY  OONSVL-QENEBAL  WALKBB. 

I  inclose  herewith  the  new  French  tariff  on  sugars,  with  a  translation 
of  the  same  into  English. 

GEORGE  WALKBB, 

Canaul-  OenerdL 
United  Stater  Consulate-General, 

Patis^  France^  February  18, 1881. 


[TnaalAtion.] 
THE  NEW  TARIFF  ON  SUOABS. 


(Chocolates,  fraits,  preserves,  &c.) 

The  two  foUowing  tables  show  the  modifications  in  the  official  tariff  on  daties 
suiting  from  the  law  of  Angnst  19, 1880,  on  the  reduction  of  duties  on  sugars. 

OmvenUonal  tariff, 
IMPORT  nUTIBS. 


Description. 


Powdered  sngan  (108)  the  eetimated  product  of 
which  is,  when  refined— 

98  per  cent,  or  lesB,  beet  root < 

88  per  cent  or  IcM  cane 

More  than  88  per  cent i 

Beflned  enears  (103)— 

Other  than  candiee 

Candies 


Molasses  (104)  for  distillation 

Molasses,  other  than  for  distillation  (see  general 

tariff) 

Simps  (105) ) 

BonDons  (sweetmeats)  (106) > 


Sagar  biscuits  (10({|) 

Fruits  pxeserred  in  sugar  or  honey  (lOM) 

Preserves  (comfltures)  (107)  in  sugar  or  honey. 
Preserves  without  sugar  or  honey 

Chocolate  (472) 


} 


Units  on  which 
the  duties  are 
levied. 


100  kilos  net,  of 
refined  sugars. 

...do 


IOC  kilos  net  (ef- 
fective weight). 


...do 

...do 

100  kilos  gross 


...do 

100  kilos  net 


.do 


— do 

100  kilos  gross 

100  kilos  net 


Collection, 
when  au* 
thorlzed. 


J  May 
{July 
CJuly 


} 


July 
July 
July 


Oct 
July 


COct 
{July 
May 


1,1861 
10,1880 
11,1866 
10.1880 

12,1880 
18,1880 

12,1860 

17,1880 

1,1861 

1,1881 
12,1860 
10,1880 
12,1860 
10,1880 

11,1866 

17.1863 

1,1861 

10,1880 


Duties  (tentlis 
indnded)  not 
sutiJeottotbA 
4  per  cent,  ad- 
dltlonaL 


1 
} 

Exempt. 
Exenapt. 


I 


4&00 
61.00 

48.00 

24.00 

22.00 
&00 

81.50 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTEIES. 


133 


TABIFFB  OF  THE  SETERAL  ( 


I 
li 


I 


I 


-ii 


i  i  i  iljjl 

11 1  |T 

u  a  is  sale    s 
39  ts  M  mn     g 


i 


Ji 


I 


mm 


II 


1^4 


is  i 


XI 


HIjij 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  135 


FBEHCH  TABIPF  OH  AMERICAV  FLOUB  AND  WHEAT. 

REPORT  AND  TRANSLATION  BY  VIOB-DBPVTT  OONSUL-GENERAL  HOOPBR, 

I  bave  the  boDor  to  transmit  herewith  the  text  of  a  petition,  with 
translation,  which  has  been  addressed  to  the  French  Senate  by  a  dele- 
gation of  French  millers,  praying  for  an  increase  of  duty  on  American 
dour  imported  into  France,  or,  that  it  be  not  allowed  entrance  save  on 
the  same  equality  as  wheat,  the  delegation  claiming  that  the  projected 
tariff,  as  set  forth  in  the  petition,  is  prejudicial  to  the  milling  Industry 
of  France,  and  that  it  is  not  in  accordance  with  French  interest  to  ad- 
mit foreign  manufactured  products  on  better  terms  than  the  raw  mate- 
rial. 

KOBT.  M.  HOOPER, 

Ytce  Deputy  0.  0. 
United  States  Consulate-General, 

Paris  J  France,  March  1,  1881. 


[TranslAtion.] 
CUSTOMS  DUTIK8  UPON  FLOUR  AND  WHEAT. 

We  communicate  the  text  of  a  petition  which  has  been  addressed  to  the  Seuate  by 
a  delegation  of  French  millers,  and  which  we  think  it  oar  duty  to  publish  as  niattei 
of  information.  We  see  that  these  petitioners  accept  in  principle  a  liberal  introduc- 
tion of  foreign  wheat,  with  a  duty  of  60  centimes  per  100  kilograms  (12  cents  for  220 
pounds).  But  they  find  the  proposed  doty  of  1  franc  40  centimes  per  100  kilograms 
(28  cent^  for  220  pounds)  of  noar  insufficient,  which  leaves,  they  say,  to  the  American 
miller  a  profit  of  6  to  7  per  cent,  for  these  importations,  to  the  detriment  of  the  French 
miller  who  receives  the  American  wheat.  On  aecount  of  the  cost  for  transportation, 
which  is  much  more  considerable  for  the  v^heat  than  for  the  flour^  the  French  miller 
paying  too  dearly  for  the  first  when  it  comes  from  America,  be  it  understood,  nat- 
arally  cannot  deliver  the  flonr  for  less  than  13  francs  80  centimes  for  100  kilograms 
($2.6(5  for  220  pounds),  while  the  American  flour  can  be  sold  for  11  francs  20  centimes 
($2.16).  Also,  while  declaring  themselves  free-traders,  they  find  that  the  importa- 
tion of  American  flour  is  not  a  fair  exchange.  As  to  the  interest  of  the  consumer,  he 
is  sufficiently  insured  by  the  increased  duty  on  foreign  wheat. 

Wt3  wish  to  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  if  the  claims  of  the  millers  are  listened 
to  it  will  be  the  farmers  who  will  complain  in  their  turn,  because  the  small  sdvance- 
ment  of  the  duty  on  American  flour  is  equivalent  for  them  to  a  protective  tariff  on 
the  wheat  of  the  same  country,  because  really  that  which  the  consumer  buys  is  not 
the  wheat  but  the  flour.  If  the  French  millers  cannot  change  at  small  cost  the  Amer- 
ican wheat  into  flour,  they  will  cease  to  buy,  preferring  their  national  wheat.  Nev- 
ertheless, the  Ic^cal  conclusion  of  the  complaint  of  the  French  millers  will  not  be 
the  increasing  of  the  duty  on  flour,  but  the  suppression  of  the  duty  on  wheat.  The 
millers  would  have  the  American  wheat  at  low  rates ;  the  farmers  desire  that  they 
may  be  hi^h.  It  is,  in  truth,  very  difiicnlt  to  satisfy  both  parties.  This  is  the  most 
embarrassing  point  to  which  a  protective  tariff  system  leads  us,  even  a  system  the 
most  mitigatea.    The  petition  of  the  delegation  of  French  millers  is  as  follows : 

Mkssieubs  LE8  S^ATEURS :  At  the  moment  when  the  seuate  commences  to  discuss 

the  duty  upon  flour,  allow  us  to  draw  your  attention  to  the  present  situation  of  the 

French  millers  through  the  growth  of  the  importation  of  flonr  from  the  United  States. 

The  increase  of  importation  is  as  follows : 

Barrels. 

1879 4,230,242 

1878 2,792,2.-^6 

1877  1,504,079 

This  increase,  which  really  only  dates  back  a  year,  has  remained  unnoticed  because 
of  its  recent  date,  and  for  the  reason  that  the  public  attention  was  absorbed  by  the 
situation  of  England,  where  the  two  last  harvests  were  so  calamitous  that  they  were 


136         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

obliged  to  import  three  quarters  of  the  floor  consumed.  In  the  meantime  it  is  an 
error  to  suppose  that  this  immense  deficit  has  prevented  the  English  millers  from 
feeling  the  effect  of  the  increase  of  importations  of  American  flour.  We  have  only  to 
read  the  English  papers  in  order  to  be  posted  on  this  point.  This  has  resulted  in  an 
embarrassment  the  most  annoying  in  the  markets  of  the  country.  It  is  not  to  be 
doubted  that  on  the  return  of  the  usual  harvest  of  England  the  American  flour  will 
find  a  market  much  more  difficult ;  consequently  the  Americans  will  have  t4>  find  a 
new  channel.  .  It  is  in  the  market  the  most  im]iortant  next  to  England,  that  is  to  say 
in  the  French  market,  that  the  increase  of  production  will  be  necessarily  directed. 
To  dissipate  all  doubts  in  this  regard,  it  is  simply  necessary  to  draw  attention  to 
what  has  already  been  experienced  with  the  American  wheat.  For  some  time  it  has 
been  directed  towards  the  English  market ;  at  a  later  period,  on  account  of  the  pro- 
gpression  of  the  harvests,  it  has  appeared  on  our  coast,  and  to-day  it  invades  the' 
whole  country. 

The  experience  of  the  past  should  not  be  forgotten  by  us ;  what  has  happened  with 
the  wheat  is  likely  to  occht  with  the  flour.  The  continuation  of  increase  in  the  im- 
portation of  American  flour  is  also  the  more  certain  that  they  have  reduced  the  rates 
of  transportation  25  per  cent.,  and  send  us  the  wheat  in  the  shape  of  flour  iustead  of 
in  the  form  of  grain ;  100  kilograms  (2S0  pounds)  of  wheat  is  reduced  to  75  kilograms 
(165  pounds)  of  flour.  The  exportation  of  flour  would  consequently  gradually  take 
the  place  of  the  wheat.  The  situation  in  which  such  a  state  of  affairs  places  our  milling 
industry  comes  from  what  exists.  To-day  the  millers  of  the  United  States,  as  pract  ical 
people,  establish  their  mills  in  the  heart  of  the  States  that  produce  the  wheat,  such  as 
Minnesota, Wisconsin^  Dakota,  lowa^  &c.  Following  the  wneat  and  the  flour  from  its 
departure  from  Amenca  until  its  arrival  in  France,  the  expenses  of  transportation  from 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  the  center  of  the  grain-producing  and  milling  interest,  the  most 
important,  which  we  may  take  as  an  example,  are,  by  employing  the  most  economical 
route,  that  of  the  lakes  and  canals,  10  centimes  (2  cents)  the  100  kilograms  for  wheat 
and  flour.  The  duties  in  France,  according  to  the  projected  tariff  of  the  custom-house 
are  60  centimes  (12  cents)  on  100  kilograms  of  wheat  and  1  franc  20  centimes  (23  cents) 
on  100  kilograms  of  flour.  Taking  for  a  basis  that  to  get  100  kilograms  of  flour  we 
must  have  130  kilograms  (286  pounds)  of  wheat,  it  follows  that  100  kilograms  of  flour 
made  in  France  from  American  wheat,  having  to  support  the  costs  of  transportation, 
amounts  to  13  francs  ($2.50),  and  on  paying  the  custom-house  duty  of  78  centimes  (15 
cents)^  amounts  in  all  to  13  francs  78  centimes  ($2.65),  while  1  ho  same  amount  of  flour 
made  m  America  and  brought  to  France  pays  only  10  firancs  ($1.93)  for  transportation 
and  1  franc  20  centimes  (23  cents)  customs  duty,  making  a  total  of  11  francs  20  cen- 
times ($2.16).  The  difference  in  favor  of  the  American  miller  on  100  kilograms  is  2 
francs  58  centimes  (50  cents),  which  represents  for  him  a  premium  of  6^  per  cent. 

With  such  advantages  the  importation *of  American  flour  should  increase  rapidly ; 
it  is  what  has  already  occurred,  and  what  has  happened  simply  confirms  the  former 
premonitions.  The  amount  of  importations  for  the  last  three  years  which  we  have 
^ven  above  proves  this  statement.  The  American  flour  has  supplanted  ooi*  products 
in  all  the  markets,  and  there  only  remains  to  us  the  national  market,  the  only  one 
which  we  have  a  right  to  defend.  The  French  miller  accepts  the  principles  of  free 
trade ;  it  is  in  effect  a  most  wholesome  stimulant,  but  it  is  not,  we  think,  making  free 
tnAe  to  admit  foreign  manufactured  products  on  bettor  terms  than  the  raw  materials. 
It  is  for  this  reason  that  we  have  the  honor  to  ask  you  not  to  allow  the  entrance  of 
flour  save  on  the  same  equality  as  wheat.  The  interest  of  the  consumer,  which  we 
should  have  constantly  in  view  in  all  matters  touching  the  raising  of  the  tariff,  will 
not  be  brought  into  question  here ;  it  is  insured  by  the  duty  on  wheat  of  60  centimes 
(12  cents)  on  the  100  kilograms,  which  is  a  simple  duty  of  balance,  and  on  which  the 
miller  on  his  ]^art  can  have  nothing  to  object  to.  If  we  would  only  remember  that 
the  French  miller  manufactures  every  year  2,500,000,000  francs'  worth  of  flour,  and 
that  it  is  the  only  market  for  100,000,000  hectoliters  (275,100,000  bushels)  of  wheat, 
which  represents  the  average  amount  of  our  harvest,  we  shall  have  an  idea  of  the  im- 
portance of  the  national  interest  that  is  threatened. 


TAEIFF  OH  TOBACCO. 

TARIFF  AND  CUSTOMS  REGULATIONS  AFFECTING  TOBACCO. 

Tobacco,  in  leaves  or  stems,  is  prohibited  entry  into  France  when  im- 
ported for  the  account  of  private  parties.  This  prohibition  extends 
even  to  the  dust  and  debris  of  the  leaves.  Manufactures  of  tobacco 
may  be  imported  for  the  account  of  private  parties  under  special  author- 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


137 


izatioD  of  the  administratioD.  This  authorization,  however,  is  limited 
to  ten  kilograms  (22  pounds)  per  annum  to  any  one  person.  The  tariff 
upon  importations  of  this  character  is  as  follows : 

Cigars  and  cigarettes^  36  francs  per  kilogram,  net  (equal  to  $3.15  per 
pound). 

Snuff  and  chewing  tobacco^  15  francs  per  kilogram,  net  (equal  to  $1.31 
per  pound). 

Turkish  smoking  tohaccOy  25  francs  per  kilogram,  net  (equal  to  $2.19 
per  pound). 

All  other  smoking  toba^ccOy  15  francs  per  kilogram,  net  (equal  to  $1.31 
per  pound). 

These  duties  were  promulgated  in  the  law  of  June  13, 1880. 

The  following  table  gives  a  comparative  view  of  the  import  duties  on 
tobacco  of  the  principal  European  nations : 

Import  duUe$  on  iohacoo  levied  by  iho  principal  European  nations j  in  France,  per  kilogram. 


Tobaooo. 


Leaf  tobacco...'. 

Cigara 

Cigarettea 

Bnnff 

Chewing  tobacco 

Smoking  tobacco 

Other  mannflMrturea  of. 


i 


(•) 

8e.oo 

80.00 

l&OO 

15.00 

15.00to25.00 


Franei. 
a  27  to   9.66 
13.00 


10. 34  to  12. 41 
11. 03  to  12. 41 


IL  03  to  12. 41 


Franei. 
1.06 
8.37 
8.37 


2.25 


S 


& 


Frames. 
0.132 
2.58 


0.42 


Francs. 
0. 0148 
0.848 


0.2514 
0.2544 
0.2544 
0.2544 


3 


Francs. 
(t) 
130.00 


20.00 


Tobacco. 


Leaf  tobacco 

Cigara 

Cigarettes 

Snuff 

ChjjDwing  tobacco 

Smoking  tobacco 

Other  mannfSACtarea  of. 


Francs. 

1.07 

21.40 

21.40 

6.44toa60 

6.44 

6.44 


I 

GO 


Francs, 


I 


Francs. 
a  12 
12.60 


a  25 
'5.06 


I 

a 
H 


ft 

« 


Francs.  Francs. 
0.05 
4.24 
4.24 
1.63 
1.14 
L47 


Franca. 
0.93 
1.84 
1.12 
L12 
0.93 
1.12 


i 


O 


Francs. 
0.29 
1.87 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 


Francs. 
1.17 
0.78 
1.17 
2.34 

""i.'i? 

0.55 


*  Prohibited,  except  for  the  r6gie.  t  Prohibited. 

$  Nearly  all  prohibited,  except  importations  for  the  r6gie. 


X  For  Havana  cigars  only. 
II  Eight  per  centom  ad  valorem. 


AMERICAV  VS.  FEEHCH  PROTECTIVE  TARIFFS. 


Apropos  of  our  protective  tariff,  the  opposition  here  to  it  is  outspoken 
and  almost  bitter.  "  UnormSment  Spouvantablcj^^  "  Le  vieux  de  la  mon- 
tagne^  are  some  of  the  terms  used  in  denouncing  it.  Yet  I  find  it  makes 
all  the  difference,  as  it  did  in  the  fable,  who  owns  the  ox  and  who  the 
bull,  for  i>ending  the  discussion  of  the  new  French  tariff,  which  reduced 
the  duties  on  imported  sardines  from  31.20  francs  to  10  francs  per  hun- 
dred kilograms,  I  find  a  protest  made  by  the  syndicate  of  manufacturers 
at  !Nautes,  sent  to  the  Senate  through  the  chamber  of  commerce.  As 
it  seems  a  complete  answer  to  their  claims  against  our  system  ot  \)\q- 


138     .  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

tectioD,  I  give  a  quotatiou.  They  first  give  the  tariff  of  other  couu  tries : 
United  States :  Sardines,  60  francs  to  96  francs  per  100  kilograms ;  veg- 
etables, 53  francs  per  100  kilograms.  Germany :  Sardines,  95  francs 
per  100  kilograms.  Enssia :  Sardines,  73.25  francs  per  100  kilograms. 
Then  follows  their  argument : 

A  compariBou  of  these  figures  is  sufficient  to  demonstrate  that  the  interests  of  the 
French  producer  will  be  absolutely  sacrificial.  The  well  known  superiority  of  our 
merchandise  has,  during  several  years,  counterbalanced  the  effects  of  these  tariffs,  but 
little  by  little  the  consumer  is  seduced  by  the  cheaper  markets  and  has  forsaken  our 
products  which  we  will  be  obliged  to  part  with  under  cost. 

The  question  presented  for  us,  then,  is  one  of  life  or  desfth.  It  belongs  to  you  to 
decide.  That  we  may  continue  to  live,  we  ask  the  maintenance  of  the  old  tariff  and 
the  rejection  of  the  rates  proposed  by  the  Government  and  accepted  by  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies.  •  *  *  In  conclusion,  we  have  the  right  to  demand  that  the  French 
markets  shall  be  reserved  to  us  by  a  protective  tariu  equivalent  to  that  which  the 
foreign  nations  iuflict  upon  our  goods,  or  else  that  the  forei^  market  shall  be  opened 
to  us  by  a  reduction  of  their  tant&,  as  ours  are  open  to  all  foreign  products. 
•  •  •  •  •        .  •  • 

The  argument  was  of  no  avail  and  the  reduction  was  made  in  the  new 
tariff. 

This  argument,  thus  made  in  favor  of  a  protective  tariff  in  the  case  of 
an  article  of  merchandise  of  which  this  country  is  the  principal  pro- 
ducer-^where  in  1879  the  exportations  stood  32,000,000  francs  as  against 
771,000  importations,  and,  in  1880,  30,000,000  as  against  820,000,  where 
the  tariff  at  its  high  rates  produced  during  the  two  years  only  an  aggre- 
gate of  less  than  4,000  francs,  shows  a  watchfulness  and  regard  for  self- 
interest  on  the  part  of  French  manufacturers  which  would  do  no  dis- 
credit to  their  own  estimate  of  the  most  ardent  and  persistent  protec- 
tionists in  the  United  States. 

THOMAS  WILSON, 

ConauL 

United  States  Consulate, 

NanteSj  September  30, 1882. 


TEEAT7  OF  COMMERCE   BETWEEH    FEAVCE   AHD  THE  UHITED 

STATES. 

REPORT  BY  COMMERCIAL  AGENT  HERTZBERQ,  OF  8T,  ETIElOfE,  TBAN8MITT1KQ 
MEMORIAL  OF  THE  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE  OF  THAT  PLACE  TO  THE  SECRE- 
TARIES OF  AGRICULTURE,  OF  COMMERCE,  AND  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  REGARDING 
A  TREATY  OF  COMMERCE  WITH  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  the  inclosed  ^^  oommuniqui^  of  the 
<'  Eepublican  of  the  Loire  and  the  Haute  Loire,"  containing  a  memorial  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  St.  Etienne,  addressed  to  the  French 
secretaries  of  agriculture,  of  commerce,  and  of  foreign  affairs,  regarding 
a  treaty  of  commerce  with  the  United  States,  which  may  be  of  interest 
to  the  Department. 

As  to  the  statistical  figures  given  in  this  '^official"  document,  I  beg 
to  remark  that  the  same  appear  to  be  rather  inaccurate.  It  is  true 
that  in  1878  the  value  of  the  St.  Etienne  ribbon  exportations  had  gone 
down  to  the  sum  of  1,359,146.30  francs,  but  in  the  following  year  the 
exportation  of  these  articles  amounted  to  2,662,594.23  francs,  and  for 
the  first  five  months  of  the  present  year  the  records  of  this  office  show 
an  exportation  the  value  of  which  amounts  to  1,684,098.20  francs. 

THEODORE  HERTZBEBG, 

Commercial  Agent 

St.  Etienne,  June  3, 1880. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         139 

[Tranelation.1 

MEMOBIAL. 

The  cliamber  of  commerce  of  St.  Etienne  has  already  had  the  honor  to  call  yonr 
atteution  to  the  fact  that  a  treaty  of  commerce  with  the  United  States  would  prove 
to  be  highly  important  and  conducive  to  the  interests  of  our  home  industry,  the  rib- 
bon manufacture  of  St.  Etienne. 

It  is  more  than  e'lfOit  years  since  a  tariff  of  customs — amounting  to  almost  prohibi- 
tion— ^has  closed  up  t^e  American  market  against  most  of  the  products  of  European 
industries.  This  fact  has  become  one  of  the  chief  causes  for  the  sad  stagnation  of 
trade  existing  in  the  commercial  circles  of  this  continent. 

As  to  the  specialty  of  the  St.  Etienne  ribbon-manufacturing  branch,  the  value  of  its 
exportations  to  the  United  States  reached  in  1873  the  figure  of  about  30,000,000  francs, 
embracing  nearly  the  third  part  of  its  entire  production.  From  that  time  this  figure 
ba^s  been  from  year  to  year  constantly  decreasing  until  it  has  finally  come  down  to  a 
fiingle  million,  thereby  showing  an  exportation  next  to  none.  Now  it  seems  to  us  that 
onr  own  country  does  import  a  volume  of  American  products  sufficiently  large  to  jus- 
tiiy  on  onr  part  an  earnest  effort  of  making  that  country — a  country  of  a  so  pre-emi- 
sently  consuming  capacity — take  in  reciprocity  a  corresponding  part  of  our  industrial 
pro<luction. 

Thanks  to  the  labors  of  our  Franco-American  commission,  the  United  States  them- 
selves have  taken  the  first  steps  in  this  matter,  which  in  our  judgment  should  be  con- 
fddered  as  paramount  to  all  others.  In  April,  1879,  the  American  House  of  Represent- 
atives and  Senate  voted  a  resolution  by  which  the  President  was  requested  to  take 
into  consideration  the  expediency  of  entering  into  negotiatious  with  tbe  French  Gov- 
ernment for  the  purpose  of  studying  and  preparing  a  treaty  of  commerce  between  the 
two  countries. 

We  are  not  aware  of  the  motives  that  may  have  prevented  the  French  Government 
from  taking  advantage  of  these  approaches  so  empnatically  friendly. 

New  efforts  in  the  same  direction  have  since  been  made  by  the  French-American 
commission,  that  body  submitting  to  both  branches  of  the  American  Congress  a  new 
joint  proposition  praying  for  the  nomination  of  three  commissioners.  This  resolution, 
left  on  the  Tith  of  February,  18^0,  to  the  consideration  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Relations,  has  been,  on  the  24th  of  February,  indefinitely  postponed.  As  wc  learn 
from  an  official  commnnication  of  the  committee,  a  discussion  of  the  matter  will  be 
taken  up  as  soon  as  the  *'  French  Government  may  have  made  known  its  intentions  to 
Mr.  Evarts,  the  Secretary  of  State,  who  will  immediately  send  the  information  to  the 
Senate.^' 

To  sum  up :  It  appears  to  us  that  the  initiatory  steps  taken  privately  in  the  matter 
by  the  Franco-American  commission  have  obtained  all  that  reasonably  could  be 
expected.  Moreover,  it  is  an  undeniable  fact  that  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  will  leave  the  question  untouched  until  the  French  Government  shall  have 
laken  the  same  into  its  hands;  and  in  the  opinion  of  this  chamber  our  Government 
cannot  forbear  any  longer  from  taking  due  official  notice  of  this  important  matter 
without  seriously  endangering  the  interests  of  this  country. 

The  objection  which  might  perchance  be  raised,  **that  previously  to  any  steps  on 
the  side  of  our  Government  the  new  jB^eneral  tariff' of  customs  ought  to  be  voted,''  should 
not  retard  action.  There  is  in  reality  not  the  least  obstacle  in  the  way  of  the  French 
Government  to  prevent  the  same  from  accepting  without  even  a  day's  dela^  the  prop- 
osition  offered  in  the  ^oint  resolution  of  the  Senate  at  Washington^  inviting  France 
to  nominate  an  ''official"  Franco-American  commission.  The  nomination  of  such  a 
body  doee  not  enjoin  any  responsibility  whatever:  it  simply  would  express  the  desire 
of  having  the  condition  of  things  duly  considered  and  fairly  examined  into  by  com- 
petent Judgea. 

Convinced,  as  we  are,  Mr.  Secretary,  that  you  will  without  delay  take  into  your 
bands  our  cause,  or  rather  the  cause  of  French  commerce,  we  beg  to  give  you  the 
aasorance  of  our  highest  respect. 


EXPOET  DUTIES  OF  FEAHCE. 

REPORT  BT  MR.  WALKER. 


I  have  the  honor  to  ackDowledge  the  receipt  of  Department's  circular 
of  the  15th  ultimo,  requesting  information  relative  to  export  duties 
levied  in  France  on  the  productions  of  foreign  countries. 

In  reply  I  beg  to  inform  the  Department  that  the  new  French  Gov- 
emment  has  in  reality  no  export  tariff. 


140  TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Table  B,  of  the  new  French  tariff,  promalgated  May  8, 1881,  reads  as 
follows : 

Table  B,— Export  tariff. 


No. 


580 
681 
S83 


Articlea. 


Thorooffhbred  dogs,  exi>ortod  by  the  land  frontier 

Booka,  mfringing  on  oopyright 

All  other  merchandise 


New  tariff. 


P«r  100  ftOo*. 
Prohibited. 

Do. 
Free. 


Thus  showing  two  articles  of  export  ^^  prohibited,''  and  all  other  mer- 
chandise "fipee.'' 

GEOEGE  WALKER, 

Oansul-OenerdL 
United  States  Consulate-General, 

Paris,  March  23, 1883. 


SWITZBRIiAN-D. 
TARIFF  OF  SWITZERLAHD. 

The  general  import  tariffs  of  Switzerland  are  light,  and  maintained 
wholly  with  a  view  to  the  federal  revenues.  The  rates  levied  upon  the 
articles  which  most  directly  concern  American  exporters  are  as  follows, 
the  unit  of  quantity  being  the  meter  centner,  or  100  kilograms,  equal 
to  220  pounds. 

General  impart  tariff  per  220  pounds. 

Wheat,  com,  and  all  other  cereals fO  05 

Flour 20 

Meats,  salted  or  smoked 80 

Fish,  salted  or  dried 80 

Fruits,  dried  or  preserved 07 

Fruits,  fresh free. 

Sugar 1  40 

Sirup,  colorless : 1  40 

Sirup,  raw,  brown,  and  molasses 60 

Tobacco,  leaf  and  stems ••••.... 5  00 

Tobacco,  in  twists 6  00 

Tobacco,  smoking 1  00 

Snuflf 1  00 

Cigars 2  00 

Cigarettes 2  00 

Leather,  uncolored 80 

Leather,  colored  and  enameled 1 X  40 

Boots  and  shoes,  coarse 3  20 

Boots  and  shoes,  fine * 6  00 

Iron  and  steel  in  bulk 12 

Iron  and  steel  implements,  polished,  painted,  or  varnished 3  20 

Machinery  and  castings 80 

Agricultural  machinery 80 

Raw  cotton , 12 

Cotton  waste '. 12 

Cotton  yarns,  raw 08 

Cotton  yams,  bleached  or  colored i 14 

Cotton  fabrics,  colored  or  printed 3  20 

Wool,  raw  or  combed,  waste,  &c 12 

Woolen  yarn,  raw,  uncolored 80 

Woolen  blanket* 1  40 

^'en  cloths,  colored  and  dressed 3  20 

rubber  goods 3  20 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


141 


EXPOET  DUTIES  OF  SWITZEELAHD. 

BEPOBT  BT  OONSVJrOEXEBAL  CBAMEB, 

Bef^ning  to  your  circular  dispatch  of  the  16th  of  February  last,  re- 
questing a  table  or  schedule  of  all  export  duties  levied  on  the  produc- 
tions of  foreign  countries  in  Switzerland,  I  have  now  the  honor  to 'in- 
form you  that,  having  applied  to  the  high  federal  council  for  the  desired 
statistical  information,  said  council  gladly  complied  with  my  request  by 
sending  to  this  legation  a  table  in  French,  relative  to  such  export  du- 
ties, a  copy  of  which,  with  a  translation  thereof,  is  herewith  inclosed. 

M.  J.  OBAMEB. 

GoNSULATE-OENERAL  of  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

Beme^  March  28, 1883. 


Duty  <m  exparU, 


ArtldM. 


HorMB ...perprioe.. 

Moles  and  mnlets do.... 

Asses do — 

Colts do — 

Hom^  oattle  and  calyes,  weighting  more  than  40  kilognuns do 

Calves,  weighing  only  40  kilograms do.... 

Hogs: 

Weighing  more  than  40  Idlograms do — 

Weighing  only  40  kilograms ;  pigs do.... 

Sheep  and  lambs do 

Goats  and  kids do 

Stra  nge  animals  which  are  not  transported  in  oars  or  wagons do ... . 

Wooa  for  burning  and  charcoal advalorem.. 

Wood,  sawed  and  out;  wood  for  constraotion;  for  cartwrights' work;  forcar]>entors  ;  rough 

hewed  and  Joined ad  valorem.. 

Wood,  coarse,  or  easily  out,  square  in  parts,  but  not  in  its  whole  length ;  ordinary  floating 

wood  or  rafts ad  valorem.. 

Asphalt per  collier.. 

Trees  or  shrubs  in  pots  or  tubs 

Common  articles  made  of  wood,  such  as  rakes,  forks,  poles,  Sco per  kilogram. . 

Lime  and  plaster  of  Paris,  coarse,  calcined,  or  ground;  lime  hydraulics do. . . . 

Basket  traide,  coarse do.... 

Slate,  dressed  stones,  grindstones,  and  whetstones do...; 

Stones,  sawed  in  blocks 1 do.... 

Clay  and  chalk do 

Ordinary  earthenware do.... 

TilcAaud  bricks do 

Grapes,  fresh,  for  table  use ....do 

Wine-pmpes  (140  kilograms  are  calculated  as  100  kilograms  wine) per  collier. . 

Wine,  cider,  beer,  in  casks per  kilogram.. 

Hastich  of  pitch do 

Iron  ore do 

Salt  (for  the  kitehen  and  for  beasts) do 

Peat  and  torf do... 

Foreign  animals  imported  in  cars  (menagerie) do 

Clean  wastes  of  materials  fh>m  which  paper  is  mannftM^tured;  old  cords  and  cables;  linen, 

hemp,and  cotton  rags *. per  kilogram.. 

Hides,  coarse,  wet.  and  dry do 

Merchandise  and  diverse  oE^ects,  not  mentioned  on  the  tariff  of  exports do 


Duty  on 
exportfl. 


IVonet, 
L60 
LM 
60 
60 
60 
05 

60 
05 
05 
05 
L60 
2  per  cent. 

2  percent. 

8  per  cent 
16 
16 
15 
16 
16 
16 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
30 
80 
80 
80 
80 
80 
1.60 

4.00 

«L00 

20 


142  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


HEW  SPAHISH  tariff. 

BBPORT  BY  MB.  DWIGHT  BEED,  8B0BJBTABT  OF  LEGATION  AT  MADRID. 

• 

In  accordance  with  an  act  dated  the  6th  July,  1882,  providing  for  a 
new  Spanish  tariff,  a  royal  order  was  issaed  on  the  2dd  of  that  month 
giving  to  the  pablic  said  tariff  and  ordering  that  the  same  shonld  go 
into  effect  on  the  1st  Angnst. 

This  order,  together  with  the  tariff,  was  published  in  due  time  in  the 
^^Oaceta  de  Madrid,^  but  I  deemed  it  best  to  await  its  publication  in 
pamphlet  form,  together  with  the  rules  and  regulatious  for  carrying  it 
into  effect,  before  making  a  translation  of  the  same.  The  pamphlet  did 
not  make  its  appearance  until  the  latter  part  of  August,  since  which 
time  I  have  been  engaged,  when  my  other  duties  would  permit,  in  mak- 
ing a  translation  of  the  essential  part  of  it,  which  translation  I  have 
now  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith,  together  with  a  copy  of  the  pam- 
phlet in  question. 

An  extended  review  of  the  tariff  does  not  seem  necessary,  but  I  deem 
it  proper  to  say  that  its  supposed  benefits  are  only  to  be  eujoyed  by 
nations  having  treaties  of  commerce  with  Spain,  and  those  which  have 
no  such  treaty  will  pay  the  duties  named  in  the  first  columli,  which  are 
the  same,  with  perhaps  few  exceptions,  as  those  of  the  tariff*  of  1877. 

The  countries  having  treaties  of  commerce  with  Spain  at  the  time  the 
tariff  went  into  effect  are  the  following :  Germany,  Denmark,  Greece, 
Italy,  Netherlands  and  colonies,  Portugal,  Eussia,  Sweden  and  Korway, 
Switzerland,  Turkey,  Belgium,  Austria-Hungary,  Anam,  and  France  and 
Algeria;  and  the  countries  enjoying  the  benefit  of  the  most-favored- 
nation  clause  are  China,  United  States  of  Colombia,  Japan,  Morocco, 
Paraguay,  Persia,  Peru,  Siam,  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

The  treaties  with  Germany,  Denmark,  Greece,  Italy,  Netherlands 
and  colonies,  Portugal,  Eussia,  Sweden  and  Norway,  Switzerland,  and 
Turkey  will  expire  during  the  present  month,  and  up  to  the  present  time 
only  those  with  Germany  and  Sweden  and  Norway  have  been  extended 
until  the  15th  of  December  next.  All  the  remaining  countries  will  pay, 
the  day  after  the  expiration  of  their  treaty,  if  no  extension  shall  be  made, 
the  duties  named  in  the  first  column  of  the  tariff. 

So  far  as  the  products  of  the  United  States  are  concerned,  they  will, 
of  course,  pay  the  duties  named  in  the  first  column  of  the  tariff. 

DWIGHT  T.  REED. 

United  States  Legation, 

Madrid^  October  26,  1882. 


Ministry  of  Finance  (Hacienda), 
royal  decree. 

In  conformity  witli  my  council  of  ministers  and  the  opinion  of  tbe  board  of  tarifb 
and  valaationsy  I  have  decreed  the  followiDg : 

Article  1.  The  inclosed  customs  tariff,  reformed  in  accordance  with  the  law  of  6th 
instant,  upon  the  application  of  base  5th  of  the  law  of  Ist  July,  1869,  and  that  of 


TABIFF8  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         143 

30th  Jure  ultimo,  in  regard  to  the  commercial  relations  with  the  provinces  of  Ultra- 
mar. 

Art.  2.  In  compliance  with  the  provisious  of  article  4  of  said  law  of  6th  instant, 
the  reductions  of  duties  which  result  in  the  new  tariff  will  only  he  granted  to  such 
^oods  a»  may  he  the  product  of  and  proceed  from  nations  which  may  have  in  force 
treatit's  of  commerce  with  Spain.  The  duties  named  in  the  first  column  of  the  re- 
formed tariff  shall  he  exacted  on  the  goods  produced  in  or  proceeding  from  other 
nations. 

Art.  3.  The  new  tariff  shall  go  into  effect  on  the  Ist  day  of  August  next ;  the  duties 
named  in  the  same  shall  he  exacted  on  all  the  products  and  merchandise  which  may 
have  been  declared  in  the  customs  for  consumption  after  said  date. 

Art.  4.  All  decrees,  orders,  and  provisions  of  any  kind,  which  may  not  agree  with 
the  provisions  of  the  present  decree,  are  abolished. 

Art.  5.  The  minister  of  finance  (nacienda)  shall  make  the  necessary  provisions  for 
the  due  execution  of  the  preceding  dispositions. 

Given  at  San  Udefonso,  on  the  23d  July,  1882. 

ALPHONSE. 

The  Minister  of  Finance  (Hacienda), 
J.  F.  Camacho. 


Law  of  Tariffs,  July  1,1869. 

Artide  9  of  the  law  of  budgets  of  receipts  ("ingreeoe")  for  the  economic  year  of  1869-70, 

from  Ut  July,  1869. 

The  customs  tariff  duties  shall  be  reformed  according  to  the  basis  established  in 
Appendix  C. 

BASIS  cited  IK  THE  PREVIOUS  ARTICLE. 

1.  All  kinds  of  merchandise  is  admitted  into  trade  in  the  Spanish  dominions  of  the 
peninsula  and  adjacent  islands,  with  the  exception  only  of  articles,  the  circulation  oi 
which  may  be  prohibited  by  the  penal  laws,  those  of  public  safety,  and  those  pertain- 
ing to  articles  whose  sale  is  limited  by  the  (Government  to  certain  i>ersons  (''estan- 
cados"). 

2.  The  exportation  of  all  the  products  of  the  counter,  whether  natural  or  artificial, 
of  whatever  kind,  and  of  national  products,  is  allowed. 

3.  A  tax  on  the  importation  of  merchandise  specified  in  the  tariff,  and  called  as  here- 
tofore customs  duty,  Hhall  be  exacted.    This  tax  shall  be  of  three  kinds : 

The  first  shall  be  called  extraordinary,  and  may  extend  in  generality  to  30  per  cent. 
of  the  value  of  the  merchandise  on  which  it  may  be  imposed,  and  to  3i5  per  cent,  only 
in  cases  which  may  be  determined  by  base  4. 

The  second  shall  be  called  fiscal  and  may  extend  to  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

The  third  shall  be  called  balance  (''balanza'O  tax,  and  shall  consist  of  a  small 
quantity  per  unit,  weight,  or  measure. 

4.  The  merchandise  charged  heretofore  with  a  protective  duty  shall  pay  up  to  30 
I>er  cent. 

Articles  among  which  are-thoee  now  prohibited,  and  which  may  he  determinatelv 
specified,  shall  pay  up  to  35  percent. ;  also  those  articles  which,  owing  to  their  high 
price  or  to  their  general  consumption,  although  not  of  an  absolute  necessity,  shall  pay 
a  sim  i  lar  additional  duty. 

The  remainder  of  merchandise  shall  pay  fiscal  or  balance  duties  in  the  maimer 
which  the  Grovemment  may  determine. 

5.  Durinff  six  years  fcom  the  1st  of  July  instant,  the  duties  named  as  **  extraordi- 
nary^ shall  be  unalterable. 

Alter  that  date  these  duties  will  be  gradually  reduced  from  the  seventh  to  the 
twelfth  vear,  until  the  maximum  rate  of  the  fiscal  duties  shall  have  been  reached. 
(See  law  of  6th  of  July,  1882.) 

The  manner  of  reduction  for  each  article  shall  be  determined  in  the  details  of  the 
tftriff. 

G.  Exportation  duties  shall  only  be  paid  on  the  following  articles :  Cork  in  rough  or 
tablets  from  the  province  of  Gerona ;  rags  of  old  linen,  cotton,  and  hemp,  and  of  used 
materlAlB  of  the  same.  Lead  ores  sulphides  (**  galenas '').  Leads,  and  leads  mixed 
with  oil  for  paint  (white  lead),  and  silver  leads. 

The  maximum  of  duties  to  be  imx)osed  on  these  articles  shall  be  10  per  cent. 

7.  The  classifications  of  merchandise  shall  be  made  in  generic  groups,  and  not  in 
specific  subdivisions;  the  standard  price  of  the  article  for  the  impo^^itiou  of  the  duty 
anall  be  that  of  greatest  importation  of  articles  included  in  each  group. 

The  valuation  of  the  goods  shall  be  made  by  taking  the  average  of  the  prices  which 


144  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

the  articles  may  have  at  the  places  (where  duties  are  paid)  on  the  coasts  and  frontiers, 
and  in  every  case  a  certain  per  cent,  shall  be  converted,  for  the  concrete  imposition, 
into  a  fixed  rate  of  unity  of  weight,  measurement,  or  count. 

S.  No  alteration  whatever  shsdl  be  made  in  the  tariff  duties  by  orders  or  decrees, 
except  iu  the  case  anticipated  in  base  5. 

In  regard  to  classifications,  the  rectifications  which  experience  may  advise  may  be 
made  every  three  years  on  the  proposition  of  the  director  of  the  branch  and  in  view 
of  the  opinion  of  the  board  of  tanffs. 

9.  No  exemption,  reduction  of  duties,  on  behalf  of  industry,  public  establishment, 
co-operation,  nor  person,  of  whatever  class,  shall  be  conceded. 

This  basis  does  not  abolish  the  franchises  enjoyed  by  the  diplomatic  corps,  in.  ac- 
cordance with  treaties. 

10.  A  commission  of  valuations  shall  be  created,  the  object  of  which  will  be  to  form 
and  publish  every  year  tables  of  the  average  prices  of  merchandise  during  the  year, 
the  administration  taking  into  account  the  observations  made  by  tradesmen  and 
manufacturers  in  regard  to  the  same. 

These  tables  shall  serve  to  make  out  the  accounts  of  rates  in  the  statistics  of  im- 
portation, exportation,  and  transit,  and  to  rectify,  in  accordance  with  them,  the  tariff 
m  the  case  determined  by  base  5. 

11.  The  tariff  duties  shall  continue  to  be  collected  in  the  custom-houses  established, 
or  which  may  be  established,  by  the  Government,  which  will  give  to  each  (custom- 
house) such  authorization  as  it  may  deem  proper. 

The  Government  may  establish  general  warehouses  C'depositos"),  where  all  classes 
of  merchandise  may  be  admitted. 

12.  The  customs  (houses)  shall  be  governed  by  regulations  prepared  by  the  Gov- 
ernment, in  which  shall  be  established  the  directions,  rules,  and  formalities  for  the 
importation,  exportation,  coasting  and  transit  trade. 

The  questions  which  may  grow  out  of  these  operations  shall  be  decided  by  the  Gk>Y- 
emment  without  causing  expense  or  damage  to  the  parties  concerned. 

13.  The  Government,  in  accordance  with  these  bases,  shall  prepare  the  tariffs,  which 
slmll  go  into  effect  on  the  1st  Julv  next. 

14.  The  minister  of  finance  ('*  nacienda")  shall  dictate  the  necessary  provisions  for 
the  organization  of  custom  (houses)  during  the  month  of  July  next,  subject  to  the 
following  rules: 

1.  Stability  of  officers. 

2.  Responsibility  and  punishment  of  all  misdemeanors  (''faltas"),with  fines  or  dis- 
missals aifter  having  been  tried. 

3.  Increase  of  salaries,  within  the  credits  mentioned  in  the  law  of  budgets  for  this 
service. 

4.  The  filling  of  positions  newly  created  from  among  the  individuals  of  the  branch, 
both  active  and  inactive  Ccesantes")»  After  having  had  due  regard  to  services  ren- 
dered (previo  concurso). 

5.  Admittance  through  examination  (**  oposicianrigorosa"))  and  promotion  by  rota- 
tion (**escida*')  and  contest  ("concurso"). 

6.  Simplification  and  rapioity  in  dispatch  of  "  expedientes,"  in  accordance  with 
the  basis  12. 


StupenHon  of  the  application  of  haw  5  of  the  law  of  let  July^  1869. 

Royal  decree  of  June  17, 1875,  declared  a  law  by  that  of  July  17, 1876.    (See  the  law 

of  6th  July.  1882.) 

Article  1.  The  application  of  base  5,  of  Appendix  C  of  the  law  of  budgets  of  Ist 
July,  18(59,  according  to  which,  from  the  Ist  ot  July  next,  the  extraordinary  custom 
duties  must  be  gradually  reduced  to  the  maximum  of  the  standard  of  the  fiscal,  is 
suspended. 

Art.  2.  The  Cortes  of  the  Kingdom,  to  which  the  Government  shall  acquaint  with 
this  decree,  shall  fix  the  date  when  the  x)rovision8  of  said  base  must  be  executed. 

Law  of  6th  July,  1882,  repealing  the  suepenaion  of  hose  5  of  the  tariff  law j  and  ordering  the 

rectification  of  the  tariffs, 

Alphouse  XII,  by  the  grace  of  God  constitutional  King  of  Spain,  to  all  who  shall  see 
and  near  the  present,  know :  that  the  Cortes  have  decreed  and  we  have  sanctioned 
the  following : 

Article  1.  The  order  suspending  the  carrying  out  of  base  5  of  law  of  tariffs  in  force, 
issued  by  royal  decree  of  17th  June,  1875,  is  canceled. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  145 

Art.  2.  The  gradnal  redaction  of  the  extraordinary  duties  to  fiscal  duties  provided 
by  base  5  of  the  tariff  shall  be  made  as  follows : 

First.  Duties  which  exceed  15  per  cent,  and  not  20  per  cent,  shall  be  reduced  to  15 
per  cent,  on  the  Ist  August  of  the  current  year. 

Second.  The  other  extraordinary  duties,  from  20  per  cent.,  inclusive,  and  upwards, 
<ihall  be  reduced  to  15  per  cent,  by  reduction  being  made  on  the  said  first  day  of 
August  nf*xt,  the  second  on  th^  1st  July,  1887,  and  the  third  and  last  on  the  same  day 
and  month  of  1892. 

Within  one  year  previous  to  the  date  fixed  in  the  preceding  paragraph  for  making 
the  second  reduction  of  the  extraordinary  duties,  the  Government  will  name  a  com- 
mi.ssion  composed  of  senators,  deputies,  manufacturers,  agriculturists,  merchants,  and 
members  of  the  consultive  board  of  tariffs,  with  a  view  to  taking  information,  and,  in 
consequence  of  such  information,  to  report  whether  or  not  it  will  be  convenient  to 
the  general  interests  of  the  country  for  the  reduction  to  take  place  on  that  date  or  be 
auspeuded  till  Ist  of  July,  1892,  on  which  day  it  shall  be  made  in  union  with  the  third 
<and  Idst  reduction). 

Art.  3.  In  accordance  with  base  8  of  said  law  of  tariffs,  the  rectification  of  the  val- 
uations and  classifications  of  the  same  shall  be  made  within  the  time  named  in  the 
EreviouB  article,  the  consultive  board  of  tariffs  and  valuations  having  been  previously 
eard. 

Art.  4.  The  reduction  of  duties  which  may  grow  out  of  the  application  of  the  first 
of  the  three  reductions. provided  for  by  this  law  shall  only  be  applied  to  merchandise 
iBvhMrh  may  be  produced  by,  and  proceed  from,  nations  which  may  have  treaties  of 
commerce  with  Spain. 

On  merchandise  which  may  proceed  from  other  nations,  the  duties  named  in  the 
tariff  in  force  for  nations  which  have  no  treaty  of  commerce  shall  be  exacted,  or  those 
<datie8)  which  may  be  hereafter  established. 

Art.  5.  Before  reali^.iug  the  second  reduction  of  extraordinarv  duties,  in  case  this 
should  l>e  done  in  accordance  with  the  second  paragraph  of  article  2,  the  (Government 
will  open  negotiations  with  the  countries  with  whicn  we  may  be  connected  by  treaties 
of  commerce  to  obtain  from  said  states,  as  a  reciprocal  equivalent,  new  reductions  in 
the  tariff  dntiesrcollecte<l  from  articles  of  Spanisn  production.  In  case  these  conces- 
sioDs  should  not  be  obtained,  the  second  reduction  of  the  extraordinary  duties  shall 
not  be  made  until  the  Ist  of  July,  1892,  on  which  date  said  reduction  shall  be  made 
in  union  with  the  third  and  last  reduction;  and  the  duties  which  may  result  from  it 
shall  only  be  applied  to  the  nations  with  which  new  treaties  of  coomierce  may  be  cele- 
brated, oD  account  of  the  present  ones  having  been  abrogated. 

Art.  G.  The  Government  shall  continue  to  charge  importation  and  navigation  duties 
on  the  products,  vessels,  and  merchandise  proceeding  from  countries  wuich  may  in 
any  way  specially  injure  our  products  and  our  trada. 

Transitory  articles.  The  specific  duties  which  may  be  established  by  the  re- 
/onned  customs  tariff  shall  be  exacted  in  accordance  with  the  prescriptions  of  this  law 
on  all  the  products  and  manufactures  which  may  be  declared  for  consumption  in  the 
customs  from  the  1st  of  August  of  this  year. 

We,  therefore,  order  all  tribunals,  justices,  chieft,  governors,  and  other  authorities, 
both  civil  and  military  and  ecclesiaistic,  of  any  kiud  and  dignity  whatever,  to  keep 
and  cause  to  be  kept,  fulfil  and  carry  out  the  present  law  in  all  its  parts. 

Given  at  the  palace,  6th  July,  1882. 

I,  the  King. 

The  Blinister  of  Finance  (Hacienda),  * 

Tr.  Fr'co  Ca  macho. 


dispositions  for  tiie  application  of  the  tariff. 

Disposition  First. 

Artiole$  free  of  duty. 

The  following  articles  shall  not  pay  any  tariff  duty  on  their  importation  into  the 
Peninsula  and  Balearic  Islands : 

1.  Mineral  waters,  with  the  exception  of  their  "envases."* 

2.  Trees,  vine-shoots  ('^sarmientos^'),  and  plants  (see  the  note  of  the  disposition 
14). 

3.  Lime  (protbxidc  of  calcium). 

4.  Minerals  of  copper,  gold,  and  silver. 

5.  Samples  of  felt  ("iieltro"),  stained  paper  and  textures  ui>  to  40  centimeters 
length. 

ti.  Samples  of  lace  and  ribbons  ('^  pasamanoria '')  in  small  pieces  without  any  com- 
mercial value  or  of  use. 

1784  CONO — ^A  P 10 


146         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

7.  Gold,  silver,  and  platina  in  jewels  and  in  table  services,  broken  pieces  ('*  vajilla 
inntilizadaz),  ingots  (barras),  coins  (*'monedas")»  pieces  and  dnst  of  precious  metals, 
and  silver  and  gold  in  an  nnmannfactnred  form  (^'tejos'')* 

d.  Gold,  silver,  and  platina  worked  np  in  Spain. 

9.  Pearls,  broken  pearls,  and  misshapen  pearls  (^'aljofar''),  and  precious  stones. 

10.  Silk  in  cocoons,  relicts  of  cocoons,  and  silk  seeds. 

11.  Gypsum  (sulphate  of  lime).  * 

Disposition  Second. 

Articles  free  of  duty ^  under  the  conditions  stated. 

1.  Articles  of  dress,  toilet,  and  comfort  objects,  bed  and  table  clothing;  books^ 
tools,  and  portable  instruments,  theater  clothing,  jewels,  and  table  plate  (used)  car- 
ried by  travelers  in  their  luggage  in  a  quantity  in  proportion  to  their  position,  occu- 
pation, and  circumstances. 

When  travelers  do  not  take  their  luggage  with  them,  the  clearing  of  the  same  may 
be  done  by  the  conductors  or  persons  authorized  for  that  puri>ose,  whenever  it  shall 
be  justified,  in  the  judgment  of  the  administration,  that  the  object«  are  destined  to 
particular  use. 

2.  Coral  gathered  by  Spaniards  and  taken  direct  in  a  national  ship,  these  facts 
having  been  previously  justified.  ^ 

3.  Fine  arts  works  executed  by  Spaniards  abroad,  and  those  which  mav  be  acquired 
by  the  government,  academies,  or  other  official  corporations,  intended  for  museums, 
galleries,  or  studios,  in  cases  in  which  these  circumstances  shall  be  proved. 

4.  Archaeology  and  numismatic  obiect«  (medals  and  coins),  iDtenaed  for  public  mu- 
seums, academies,  scientific  and  artistic  corporations,  their  destination  having  been 
previously  justified. 

5.  The  director-general  of  customs  will  give  the  necessary  orders  for  the  free  impor- 
tation of  rosaries,  sanctuary  and  other  similar  objects,  which  may  be  introduced  by 
the  general  administration  of  the  pious  work  ('*Obra  pia")  of  Jerusalem. 

6.  Objects  and  collections  of  minerals,  of  botanical  and  zoology;  and  models  in 
small  pieces  for  public  museums  and  educational  institutions,  acaidemies,  and  scien- 
tific and  artistic  corporations,  their  destination  having  been  previously  Justified. 

NOTB. — If  the  re^ilations  in  each  case  are  not  complied  with,  or  if  the  examination 
is  not  entirely  satisfactory,  the  exemption  will  be  considered  as  annulled,  and  the 
customs  will  impose  the  corresponding  duties. 

Disposition  Third. 

Articles  free  of  duty  after  the  formalities  provided  by  the  customs  reguUitions  shall  have  heeit 

complied  with, 

1.  Casks,  wooden,  hooped,  and  other  ''en vases''  for  exportation  of  national  mer- 
chandise. 

2.  Casks,  sacks,  and  larjo^  casks  hooped  with  metal  imported  with  merohandifle 
which  does  not  include  said  (''envases")  in  payment  of  duties,  and  when  the  same 
may  have  to  1>e  exported. 

3.  Carriages,  trained  animalB,*portable  theaters,  panoramas,  w  ax  figures,  and  other 
similar  objects  for  public  performances,  which  may  be  temporaiily  imported  and  which 
may  depart  from  the  kingdom. 

4.  Furniture  used  by  persons  residing  in  the  provinces  of  Ultramar,  and  in  the 
Canary  Islands,  b^  Spaniards  residing  abroad,  and  by  foreigners  who  may  come  to 
settle  themselves  in  Spain. 

5.  Furniture,  luggage,  and  effects  of  the  diplomatic  corps. 

6.  Foreign  article's  coming  to  Spanish  exhibitions. 

7.  Submarine  telegraph  cables. 

H.  Cereals  in  sheaves  or  ears,  hayj  straw,  and  grasses  which  may  be  imported 
through  the  frontier  of  nations  with  which  Spain  may  have  treaties  of  commerce. 

9.  Samples  which  may  not  be  free  of  duty  according  to  the  1st  disposition,  an<l 
which  mav  be  imported  by  manufacturers,  tradesmen  or  commercial  travelers  of  the 
nations  with  which  Spain  may  have  commercial  treaties. 

*  The  word  *'  envMM  "  will  freqnentlv  occar.  It  eignlfleii  th«  package  in  which  the  snbataoce  is  con- 
tained, as.  for  example,  the  bottle  for  liqnida,  dmn,  medicinea,  winea,  apirita,  See. ;  the  tin  oaae  for 
aach  articlea  aa  aardinea,  fmlts,  biacnita,  See. ;  the  inner  packinga  of  damageable  artidea,  to  the  exclu- 
sion of  the  wooden  oaae,  box,  caak,  or  barrel. 


TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


147 


Disposition  Fouuth. 
Upon  the  payment  of  duty  on  merchandise  not  mentioned  in  the  tariff, 

1.  SpaD  goods  ("hiladoa")  composed  of  two  or  more  textile  materials  will  be  ap- 
prAised  according  to  the  item  of  the  material  ]>ayiug  highest  duty. 

2.  Textarc  in  which  the  threads  run  lengthwise,  wheiher  ihey  form  the  base  or 
whether  they  may  have  been  atlded  with  the  object  ot  forming  the  patterns  or  to  givo 
it  greater  thick ness,  althoagh  the  threads  may  be  cut  or  not^  shall  be  considered  as 
warp.  Threads  which  may  form  the  width  of  the  texture  and  which  may  form  the 
pattern  or  which  may  increase  its  thickness  bhull  be  considerfd  as  weft. 

3.  Textures  composed  of  cotton  warp  and  weft  of  any  other  vegetable  material,  or 
rice  trr^aj  shall  pay  according  to  the  items  of  group  [\  of  the  tifth  chiss  tu  which  they 
may  belong,  according  to  their  class.  ' 

4.  Textures  which  have  the  warp  entirely  composed  of  cotton  threads,  and  the 
weft  also  entirely  composed  of  woolen  threads  or  of  woolen  threads  mixed  with  cottou 
tbrvailH,  whatever  may  be  the  proportion  of  the  mixture  in  the  welt,  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  textures  of  wool  mixed  with  cotton. 

5.  Textures  composed  of  threads  of  three  different  materials  shall  pay  as  follows : 


Warp  or  wefL 


Weft  or  warp. 


Cotton  thread i  Flax  or  hemp  threads  and  other 

vegetal  fibers. 
Threads  of  vegetal  fibers  and  wool 

or  hair. 
Threads  of  vegetal  fibers  and  silk. 


Threads  of  vegetal  fibers. 
Do 


Do. 


Tkreads  of  wool  or  hair  . . . 

Do 

Do 

Thre«daofsilk 

Do 

Threads  of  flax  and  hemp  . 

Threads  of  vegetal  fibers 
aad  wool  or  hair. 

Do 


Threads  of  wool  and  silk 

Threads  of  two  or  more  vegetal 

fibers. 
Threads  of  vegetal  fibers,  wool,  or 

hair. 
Threads  of  vegetal  fibers  and  silk. . 

Threads  of  different  vegetal  fibers . 

Threads  of  vegetal  fibers,  wool,  or 

hair. 
Threads  of  flax,  hemp,  and  other 

vegetal  materials. 
Threads  of  vegetal  fibers  and  silk 

Threads  of  vegetal  wool  and  silk.. 


Shall  be  considered 


Textures  of  fiax  or  hemp. 

Textures  of  vegetal  fibers  mixed  with 

wool. 
Textu  res  of  vegetal  fibers  mixed  with 

ttUk. 
D<». 
Tex  Cures  of  vegetal  fibers  mixed  with 

wool. 
Textures  of  wool. 

Textures  of  wool  mixed  with  silk. 

Textures  of  vegetal  fibers  mixed  with 

silk. 
Textui-es  of  silk  mixed  with  wool. 

Textures  of  flax  or  hemp. 

Textures  of  wool  mixed  with  silk. 

Do. 


6^  When  in  the  mixed  part  (warp  or  weft)  the  threads  of  the  material  which  may 
y  the  hijshest  duties  shall  not  exceed  10  per  cent,  of  the  total  weight  of  the  texture ; 
id  threads  shall  not  be  taken  into  account  for  the  payment  of  duties,  but  will  pay 
as  if  it  were  a  texture  mixed  with  other  materials. 

7.  Tulles  will  pay  duty  on  the  material  of  which  the  foundation  (''fondo")  is  com- 
and  when  there  is  a  mixture  in  the  foundation,  duty  shall  be  paid  on  the  pre- 
ponderating material. 

8.  Shawls  with  fringes  ('^pafiuelos  con  flecos")  will  pay,  including  their  weight, 
aecording  to  their  class,  **partida,''  the  texture  may  belong. 

9.  Cloths  embroidered  by  handor  machinery  out  of  the  loom  and  those  mixed  with  line 
metals  or  of  imitation,  whether  embroidered  or  not,  shall  pay  the  duty  corresponding 
to  their  class,  and  an  additional  charge  of  30  per  cent,  on  the  same.  This  additional 
charge  shall  be  50  per  cent,  for  articles  of  nations  which  have  no  commercial  treaty 
with  Spain. 

10.  Clothing  ready-made,  including  linen  articles,  whether  completely  finished  or 
merely  basted,  shall  pay  on  their  total  weight  the  duty  on  the  cloth  of  which  the 
exterior  part  of  the  article  is  composed,  and  an  additional  charge  of  30  per  cent,  on 
the  same.  Should  the  clothing  be  embroidered,  said  additional  charge  shall  be  com- 
peted upon  the  duty  for  embroidered  cloth.  Said  additional  duty  shall  be  50  per  cent. 
for  articles  coming  from  nations  which  have  no  commercial  treaty  with  Spain,  exact- 
iog,  when  the  clothing  is  embroidered,  the  duty  corresponding  to  embroidered  cloth. 

Knit  textures  are  exempt  from  the  above- mentionea  additional  duty  and  will  be 
appraised  accordinjp;  to  their  respective  tariffs  without  any  increase. 

11.  Wreck  remams  f '*despojes'')  of  foreign  vessels  which  may  have  been  wrecked 
on  the  Spaniah  coast  shall  pay  H  per  cent,  on  their  value,  realized  at  public  auction, 
Boder  the  formalities  prescribed  in  the  regulations. 


14S  TABIFF8   OP   THE   SEVERAX,   COUNTRIES. 

DisPOSiTioK  Fifth. 
Packings  {**Etiv<ises  y  empaques"). 

By  '*  en  vase  exterior''  shall  be  iiuderstood  that  which  is  visible  when  the  package 
("  bnlto")  is  unopened ;  every  inclosure  contained  therein  is  an  *'  envoee  interior." 

Articles  whose  daty  is  fixed  by  weight — oils  and  greases  (except  wax),  honeys, 
meats,  fish,  tripe  in  brine,  machinery^  drugs  and  chemical  productions — shall  pay  on 
the  gross  weight  when  they  are  contained  in  a  single  packing  {**  envase''). 

If  any  of  these  articles  should  come  in  one  or  more  packings  ("  cnvase*'),  or  in  packets 
contained  in  the  outside  packet  ("envase  extorior"),  only  the  weight  of  the  mer- 
chandise of  the  inside  packings  or  packets  shall  be  included. 

All  other  merchandise  shall  pay  duty  also  on  p.iper  wrappings,  ribbons,  packets  or 
inside  packing  (^'envases  interiores"),  provided  always  that  they  are  not  **cajasor 
cstuches*'  (fancy  boxes,  &c.),  assessed  separately. 

Caps  or  capsules  for  f  rearms,  hooks  and  eyes,  pins,  metal  eyelet-holes,  metallic 
l)en8,  games,  and  toys,  instruments  of  science  and  art,  and  other  similar  objects,  which 
pay  also  on  the  interior,  fancy  boxes  (^'cajas  6  estuchos  interiores")  containing  them, 
and  with  which  they  are  generally  sold,  at  retail. 

Chiue8e  silk  handkerchiefs  which  pay  according  to  their  net  weight,  without  in- 
cluding ihe  paper  in  which  they  come  wrapped  nor  those  placed  in  the  foldings. 

The  *'envase8"  lor  alkaloids  and  their  salts,  those  for  brandy,  liquors,  beer,  cider, 
and  wines,  shall  be  assessed  separately,  according  to  their  respective  materials.  Bot- 
1  ies  in  which  sparkling  wine  is  imported  from  nations  which  have  commercial  treaties 
with  Spam  excepted,  are  and  are  exempt  from  duty ;  also  the  casks  for  other  wines  of 
Ihe  same  nations  are  exempt  from  duty. 

Hollers,  deal  and  card-boards  (including  those  metalized),  on  which  fabrics  are 
Avrapped,  oil-cloths,  laces,  ribbons,  &o.,  (^'  passamaneria ''),  shall  be  deducted  from  the 
weight  of  those  articles. 

Casks,  barrels,  and  large  metal  vessels  shall  pay  the  duty  which  corresponds  to  their 
class,  except  when  they  contain  merchandise  which  pay  on  the  gross  weight. 

Sacks,  introduced  as  serving,  for  *'envases''  shall  pa^  10  centimes  of  peseta  each, 
except  in  cases  where  the  merchandise  contained  therem  shall  pay  acconung  to  groaa 
weight. 

Disposition  Sixth. 

Taret. 

From  the  gross  weight  of  the  merchandise  below  mentioned  the  following  per  cent, 
shall  be  discounted  on  account  of  tares : 

Per  c«Dt. 

Cocoa  and  palm  oil  in  barrels 20 

Steel  in  boxes 10 

Indigo : 

In  boxes 15 

In  seroons 10 

Sugar  in  boxes  and  hogsheads 14 

Cinnamon : 

In  boxes -• 20 

In  bags 8 

Phosphorus : 

In  tin  boxes 30 

In  tin  boxes  packed  in  others  of  wood 50 

Hadder  dye  ("grancina")  in  casks 20 

Thread  in  packages  or  bundles 3 

Tin  sheets  in  boxes- 10 

Earthenware,  porcelain,  and  fine  clay: 

In  boxes  or  casks 30 

In  baskets 16 

Gypsum,  smoking-pipes  in  casks 30 

Glass  and  crystal,  nitched  or  plain,  silvered  or  unsilvered: 

In  boxes^  or  casks 40 

In  baskets  and  plain  glass  for  glass  windows  in  a  single  box 20 

I^OTB. — The  glass  and  crystal  contained  in  wooden  cases  is  not  subject  to  the  above- 
mentioned  tare. 

Special  tares. 

Sugar  in  sacks  (''bayones''  *),  for  each  sac,  750  grams. 

Percent. 

Liebig  extract  of  meat  in  boxes 70 

Cotton  and  flax  thread  on  wooden  spools,  for  the  spools  only ^ 30 

*  **  Bayones,"  aaekt  made  (nfpalm  Uave*» 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEEAL   COUNTRIES. 


149 


Pci*  cent. 

Silk  threads  and  floss  with  silk  on  wooden  spools,  for  the  spools  only 45 

Laces,  ribboDS,  &c.,  for  the  inside  frames  of  wood,  card-bourd,  or  similar  mate- 
rials, except  the  textiles,  ofi*  the  net  weight  of  the  articles IQ 

Periuiuery ,  for  all  **  en  vases  "  and  inside  packings 25 

Note. — Soaps  which  pay  on  the  "en vases  interior"  are  excepted. 

Disposition  Seventh. 

Beimp<n'tation  of  vaiional  articles. 

Merchandise,  frnits,  and  national  effects  which  may  be  exported  abroad  and  returned 
to  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  Islands  shall  be  considered  as  foreign,  and  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  the  payment  of  duties  named  in  the  tariff.    The  following  articles  which  will 
oe  admitted  free  of  duty  are  excepted : 

1.  Paintings  that  are'  works  of  fine  art,  when  they  shall  have  been  exported  with 
the  customs  invoice,  and  when  on  their  return  the  number  of  that  document  is  quoted 
or  the  duplicate  of  the  same  is  produced  in  order  to  make  the  due  comparisons. 

2.  Books,  provided  always  that  the  number  of  copies,  the  title  of  the  book,  and  name 
of  the  printer  are  stated  in  the  invoice. 

3.  Copper  coins,  returned  from  abroad  or  from  the  provinces  of  Ultramar,  if  on 
eiunination  made  in  the  mint  of  Madrid  it  is  found  to  be  Spanish  coined  Ccn&o")^ 
legitimate  and  in  circulation,  the  customs  shall  send  samples  of  the  copper  coin  to 
tbe  General  Direction  for  said  examination,  suspending  its  clearance  until  the  proper 
ranlt  of  the  examination  shall  have  been  received. 

Tbe  following  national  articles  shall  also  be  admitted  free  of  duty,  after  the  rules 
establiihed  in  tne  customs  regulations  shall  have  been  complied  with : 

1.  Wines  and  "envasea" 

2.  Carriages,  saddle  horses  Ccaballerias''),  and  other  animals  Cganados")  which 
my  leave  by  land  and  which  may  be  imported  in  the  same  manner. 

3.  Articles  returned  from  foreign  exhibitions. 

4.  Wrecks  and  remains  of  vessels  wrecked  abroad. 

5.  Staves  and  ores  from  the  Irati  Mountains  and  Roncal  Valley  in  the  province  of 
Kavarre,  which  may  pass  in  transit  through  France. 

6.  Iron  ores  conveyed  by  the  Bidasoa  Kiver  to  be  reimported  in  transit  through 
France. 

7.  Merchandise  which  may  pass  in  transit  through  Portugal,  in  accordance  with 
tbe  regnlation  approved  by  royal  decree  of  7th  February,  1877. 

Disposition  Eighth. 
Cifmmerce  with  the  provinces  of  Ultramar, 

In  conformity  with  the  law  30th  of  June,  188*2,  commerce  from  tbe  ports  of  tho 
provinces  of  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  and  Philippines,  to  those  of  the  Peninsula  and  Baleario 
l&Iands  shall  be  subject,  in  regard  to  shipping  and  recei)tion  of  merchandise,  to  the 
same  formalities  as  those  established  by  the  customs  regulations  for  the  commerce 
between  the  ports  of  the  peninsular  provinces. 

The  products  of  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  and  Philippines  shall  be  admitted  free  of  duty 
into  Tbe  Peninsula  and  Baleario  Islands,  tobacco  excepted,  which  shall  be  subject  to 
the  legislation  in  force,  and  brandy,  sugar,  cocoa,  chocolate,  and  coffee  will  pay  tho 
duties  fixed  by  paid  law. 

Those  duties  which  have  to  be  abolished  on  1st  July,  1892,  au<l  reduced  by  a  tenth 
part  yearly  until  their  extinction,  will  be  collected,  each  economic  year  in  the  follow- 
ing form : 

Merchandiae  product  of  and  proceeding  from  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 


Time  of  redaction. 


J»«  Jnly  1.  M82,  to  Jnly  1, 1883 
£""«  Joly  1, 1883,  to  July  1, 1884 
jTOiD  Jul  J 1, 1884,  to  Jnly  1, 1885 
From  Jnly  1, 1885,  to  July  1. 1888 
™n  July  1, 1888,  to  Julv  1, 1887 
Jn*  Jnly  l,  1887,  to  July  1, 1888 
J^n  Jnly  1, 188K,  to  July  1, 1889 
Fron  July  1, 1880.  to  July  1, 1890 
JreiB  JoJy  1, 1890.  to  July  1, 1891 
™» Jaly  1. 1891,  to  July  1, 1892 
"«»Juiyl,  1892 


• 

« 

A 

**  .• 

S.S 

>^ 

•C® 

P 

e 

n 

PesetoM. 

10  00 

9  00 

8  00 

7  00 

0  00 

5  00 

4  00 

3  00 

2  00 

1  00 

Free 

Pesetat. 
25  00 
22  50 
20  00 
17  50 
15  00 
12  50 
10  00 

7 

5 

2 


50 
00 
50 


Free 


Petetat. 

20  00 

18  00 

10  00 

14  00 

12  00 

10  00 

8  00 

0  00 

4  00 

2  00 

Free 


Pesetas. 

12  00 

10  80 

0  60 

8  40 

7  20 

0  00 

4  50 

3  60 

2  40 

1  20 

Free 

Peseloi. 
5  50 
4 
4 
3 
3 


OS 

40 

85 

30 

2  75 

2  20 

65 

10 

55 

Free 


I 
1 


i 


150  TARIFFS   OF   THE   8EVEFAL   COUNTRIES. 

When  the  preceding  articles  are  the  product  of  and  proceed  from  the  Philippines, 
they  shall  only  pay  the  fifth  part  of  the  dntics  fixed  for  those  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico, 

The  attestation  ("coniprobacion")  of  the  number  of  the  sugars,  both  of  **tren  co- 
niuu''  and  ''  ceutrifncados/'  shall  be  ujade  in  the  customs  by  the  mere  comparison  of 
the  color  of  the  samples  taken  at  the  time  of  clearance  with  the  official  standard  No. 
14  of  the  Holland  scale. 

Transitory  or  temporary  duii/. 

Sugar  of  all  kinds,  the  products  of  and  proceeding  from  the  Spanish  provinces  of 
Ultramar,  will  pay  the  trau^itoryor  temporary  duty  of  8  pesetas  and  50  centimes  per 
100  kilograms  fixed  by  article  14  of  the  law  of  budgets  of  1878-79. 

There  shall  be  also  exacted  the  transitory  or  temporary  duty  provided  for  by  article 
1^  of  the  luW  of  budgets  of  1876-77  on  cocoa,  coffee,  and  brandy  of  the  same  provinces, 
in  the  following  form : 

Cocoa,  per  lUO  kilograms,  16  pesetas;  coffee,  per  100  kilograms,  27  pesetas;  and 
brandy,  for  each  hectoliter,  3  pesetas,  75  centimes. 

Municipal  tax. 

As  provided  in  article  25  of  the  law  of  budgets  of  1878-79,  with  reference  to  article 
43,  that  of  July  11,  1877,  there  shall  be  collected  as  a  municipal  tax  a  sum  equal  to 
the  transitory  or  temporary  tax  for  sugar,  cocoa,  and  cofiee  of  the  provinces  of 
Ultramar. 

Disposition  Ninth. 

free  ports. 

Canary  Islands. 

The  only  ports  of  these  islands  which  may  trade  with  those  of  the  Peninsnla  are 
those  of  Santa  Cruz  de  Tenerife,  Orotava,  Ciudad  del  Real  de  las  Palmas  Sta.  Cruz 
de  la  Palma,  Arrecife  de  Lanzarote,  Puerto  de  Cabras,  San  Sebastian,  and  Valverde. 

The  following  products  of  these  islands  will  be  admitted  free  of  duty : 

Oil  of  tartago  (**tartago*'). 

Almonds. 

Lupines  (altrarauces). 

French  beans  (alubias). 

Mineral  soda  (barrilla). 

Chestnuts  (cast anas). 

Barley  (cebada). 

Onions  (ceboUas). 

Rye  (centeno). 

Cochineal  (cochiuilla). 

Sweetmeats  (dulces). 

Straw  (for  hats). 

Fruits. 

Peas  (garbanzos). 

Seeds  (semiUas). 

Indian  com  (maiz). 

Dyes  (orchilla). 

I*otatoes. 

Fish  (pescado). 

Filtering  stones  (piedras  de  filtro). 

Stones  for  paving  (losetas). 

Silk  in  cocoon  or  pod,  raw  and  worked. 

Wheat. 

Wine. 

Goods,  fruits,  and  effects  introduced  into  the  Canary  Islands,  proceeding  from  the 
PeniiiHuIa,  shall  lose  their  nationality  and  be  considered  as  foreign  ones,  if  they  are 
returned  to  the  Peninsnla  as  unsalable  or  for  other  causes. 

Merchandise,  the  product  of  and  proceeding  from  the  Spanish  provinces  of  Ultra- 
mar, which  may  touch  at  Canaries  shall  preserve  its  nationality  on  its  introduction 
into  the  Peninsula,  the  said  ports  being  considered  as  deposits,  but  it  must  be  included, 
in  the  certiticates  (**  documentacion  ")  determined  by  the  customs  regulations. 

CeutOf  Mtlilla  Alhucemasy  Penon  de  la  Gomera,  and  Cha/arinaa  Islands, 

Goods,  fruits,  and  effects,  whatever  may  be  their  origin,  proceeding  from  the  above 
mentioned  ports  and  introduced  into  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  Islands,  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  foreign,  and  will  pay  the  duties  of  this  tariff*. 


TARIFFS   OP   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


151 


Fish,  the  prodnct  of  and  proceeding  from  the  tnnny  fisheries  (*' almadrahas '')  of 
Cenfa,  Melilla,  and  Chafarinas  Islands,  will  he  admitted  free  of  duty,  snhject  to  the 
formalities  cst-ahlished  in  the  regulations. 

Ammunitions  of  war  and  military  effects,  proceeding  from  all  the  free  ports,  wheu 
tbey  come  accompanied  by  the  pass  ("  permit")  or  guide  ("gnia")  of  the  correspond- 
ing commissary  of  war  or  chief  of  the  military  corps  to  which  they  may  belong,  will 
l»e  admitted  free  of  duty. 

Disposition  Tenth. 

Commerce  icith  Fernando  Pa  and  its  dependencies. 

Merchandise  which  maybe  the  prodnct  of  and  which  may  proceed  directly  fVom  the 
Spanish  islands  of  Fernando  Pu  and  its  dependencies,  Annobon,  Corisco,  Elobey,  and 
Cape  of  St.  Juan,  shall  not  pay  any  duty  on  their  introduction  into  the  Peninsula  and 
Balearic  Islands,  as  the  trade  will  be  considered  as  coasting  trade. 

All  the  products  of  the  western  coast  of  Africa  brought  to  Fernando  Po  and  its  de- 
pt-udencies,  and  thence  conducted  directly  to  the  Peuinsula  and  Balearic  Islands,  shall 
pay  three-fifths  of  the  duties  assigned  in  the- tariff,  always  provided  that  they  are  ao- 
eompanied  by  the  documents  required  by  the  customs  regulations. 

Disposition  Eleventh. 
Direct  importation. 

It  will  be  understood  for  tariff  purposes  that  direct  navigation  shall  be  when  ships 
ivhich  may  have  been  loaded  witn  merchandise  in  non* European  ports  may  conduct 
the  same  to  thoae  of  its  destination  in  the  Peninsula  or  Balearic  Islands  without  tonch- 
iug  at  any  foreign  port  during  the  voyage. 

Merchandise  imali  enjoy  the  benefits  ofdirect  "  procedencia '^  in  the  following  cases : 

1.  When  V€H«el8  loaded  with  the  same  may  enter  foreign  ports,  through  stress  of 
weather  or  to  receive  orders,  without  loading  or  unloading. 

2.  Whenever  the  vessels,  through  damage  or  an  unavoidable  sea  accident,  may  be 
obliged  to  transship  the  merchandise  to  other  vessels  to  be  taken  to  it^  destination. 

3.  Producta  of  the  Philippine  Islands  which,  being  accompanied  with  the  certificate 
of  origin  and  of  embarkation  for  the  Peninsula,  may  have  been  transshipped  during 
the  voyage,  but  without  unloading  in  an^  foreign  port. 

4.  The  same  Philippine  products  with  like  certificates,  although  the  vessels  carrying 
the  same  may  touch  at  other  ports  of  India  and  China  to  complete  their  cargo. 

5.  Vessels  which,  carrying  producta  of  the  provinces  of  Ultramar,  may  enter  foreign 
ports  of  America  to  complete  their  car^o. 

Notks. — The  certificates  of  nationality  of  merchandise  and  of  its  shipment  shall  be 
made  on  the  presentation  of  the  invoices  certified  to  by  the  customs  of  Ultramar. 

Damaged  merchandise  through  stress  of  weather,  transshipments  to  other  vessels 
in  foreign  ports,  shall  be  justitied  by  certificates  of  the  respective  Spanish  consuls. 
The  customs  shall  verify  the  fact  of  direct  importation  Cprocedencia'')  by  the  ex- 
amination of  the  documents  of  navigation. 

Disposition  Twelfth. 

Trade  with  nations  which  have  celebrated  treaties  u%th  Spain, 

In  compliance  with  article  4  of  the  law  of  6th  July,  1882,  the  reduced  duties  which 
may  result  from  the  application  of  the  first  of  the  three  reductions  provided  by  the 
«aid  law,  and  which  are  fixed  in  the  second  column  of  this  tariff,  shall  only  be  applied 
to  the  merchandise  which  may  be  produced  and  proceed  from  nations  which  have 
treaties  of  commerce  with  Spain.    These  are — 


Nations. 


Date  of 
treaty. 


Genuany ^. 

Deomark 

Gmece 

Italy 

Xetberlanda  and  ooloniea 

Portuji^ 

Russia 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

B<*lsitim 

Aunt  ria- nonary 

Anam 

France  and  Algeria 


Mar.  30, 
Sept  8, 
Aug.  21, 
Feb.  22, 
Nov.  18, 
Deo.  20, 
Feb.  23, 
Feb.  28, 
Aug.  27, 
Mar.  13, 
May  4, 
Juno  3, 
Feb.  27, 
Feb.    e, 


Date  of  ter- 
mination. 


1868 
1872 
1875, 

1870  , 

1871  ; 

1872  ' 
1876 
1871  I 
1869 
1862 
1878 
1886 
1680 
1882 


Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

May 

Apr. 

Sept 

Fob. 


4, 
14 
2« 

1 


1882 
1882 
1882 
1882 
1882 
1882 
1882 
1882 
1882 
18H2 
1884 
18K7 
1890 
1892 


152  TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

China,  United  Stages  of  Colombia,  Japan,  Morocco,  Parapnay,  Persia,  Pern,  Siam, 
and  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  in  virtne  of  other  treaties,  will  enjoy  the  treatment  of  the 
uioMt  favored  nation. 

The  duties  named  in  the  first  column  of  the  tariff  will  be  exacted  on  merchandise 
proceeding  from  other  nations. 

The  duties  of  a  nation  which  may  have  a  treaty  of  commerce  with  Spain  shall  be 
applied  without  any  condition  to  all  merchandise  which  is  not  specially  indicated  in 
the  tariff,  and  which  may  proceed  directly  from  a  nation  having  such  treaty,  provided 
always  that  on  the  verifications  made  of  said  merchandise  when  it  is  dispatche<l  it  is 
ascertained  that  it  is  not  the  product  of  a  nation  having  snch  treaty. 

For  the  merchandise  marked  with  letter  "C"  in  the  margin  of  the  tariff  there  shall 
be  exacted  from  the  importer,  in  order  to  prove  the  nationality  of  the  same,  a  certifi- 
cate of  origin  made  out  in  conformity  with  the  following  rules: 

Rule  1.  The  certiticate  of  origin  which  the  importer  must  present  at  the  time  of 
clearance  shall  consist  of  an  official  declaration  made  by  the  producer  or  manufacturer 
or  person  authorized  by  him,  before  the  local  authoiity  of  the  place  of  production  or 
of  deposit,  that  the  goods  referred  to  in  the  certiticate  are  from  his  manufactures  or  a 
product  of  his  industry;  the  respective  Spanihh  consuls  shall  legalize,  without  duties 
or  expenses,  the  signatures  of  said  authorities. 

Rule  2,  The  certiticate  shall  express  the  number^  marks,  numeration,  and  gross 
weight  of  the  packageH;  and  in  regard  to  the  merchandise  therein  contained,  its  ma- 
terial and  claf*s;  with  regard  to  tnreads  (*'hilados'')  and  textiles  it  will  be  clearly 
expressed  whether  they  are  of  cotton,  hemp,  or  flax,  wool  or  silk,  or  mixed  with  those 
materials. 

Rule  3.  Certificates  of  origin  of  the  products  of  China  and  Japan,  specially  des- 
tined to  Spain,  shall  be  written  in  Spanish  at  the  Spanish  consulates  iu  those  empires, 
with  the  vis^  of  the  consul;  and  the  vessels  carrying  the  merchandise  may  transship 
it  to  other  vessels  without  losing  the  benefits  of  the  most-favored-nation  clause,  pro- 
vided always  that  the  transshipment  is  justified. 

Rule  4.  Merchandise  of  a  country  which  may  have  a  treaty  of  commerce  with  Spain, 
destined  to  Spain,  accompanied  by  the  conysponding  certiticate  of  origin,  and  which 
may  pass  in  transit  through  another  countr^^  having  such  a  treaty,  will  not  be  required 
to  justify  the  transit;  but  when  the  transit  takes  place  through  a  nation  having  no 
treaty  of  commerce,  it  must  be  so  stated  by  a  special  certificate  issued  by  the  consul 
of  Spain  or  by  the  respective  foreign  customs  officials. 

Rule  5.  The  certificates  may  be  written  in  Spanish  or  in  French.  When  they  aro 
written  in  any  other  language,  they  will  be  translated  into  Spanish  (as  the  merchant) 
may  select)  by  official  interpreters,  ship-brokers,  interpreters,  commercial  brokers^ 
boards  of  agriculture,  industry,  and  commerce  of  the  locality,  or  by  the  consuls  ot 
the  nations  having  treaties  of  commerce  with  Spain  to  which  the  merchandise  way 
belong. 

ROle  6.  When  the  merchants  receive  the  certificates  without  the  requisites  above 
set  forth  the>  may  return  th'era  before  the  clearance,  in  order  that  the  formalities 
oiuitted  may  be  supplied,  making  use  in  the  mean  time  of  the  plane  of  storage  granted 
the  customs  regulations,  with  the  understanding  that  on  applying  for  the  clearance  of 
the  merchandise  accompanied  by  certificat>es  of  origin,  this  document  shall  be  consid- 
ered as  definitely  admitted. 

Rule  7.  If  at  the  time  of  examinatiou  the  corresponding  certificates  are  not  pre- 
sented, and  if  presented  they  should  not  contain  all  the  requisites,  or  they  should 
not  agree  with  all  the  merchandise  referred  to,  they  shall  be  nnll,  and  the  duties  fixed 
for  nations  which  have  no  treaty  of  commerce  with  Spain  shall  be  exacted. 

Rule  a.  The  merchandise  and  effects  iu  small  quantities  which  traveleis  may  bring 
in  their  baggage,  proceeding  from  nations  which  have  a  treaty  of  commerce  with 
Spain,  will  not  require  certificates  of  origin  in  order  to  enjoy  the  lowest  duties  estab- 
lished for  said  nations;  but  if  on  examination  it  is  found  that  the  effects  and  mer- 
chandise are  the  industrial  product  of  countries  having  no  treaty  of  commerce  with 
Spain,  the  duties  fixed  in  the  first  column  of  the  tariff  shall  be  exacted. 

Rule  9.  The  minister  of  finances  (hacienda)  may  at  all  times,  when  deemed  proper,, 
make  exceptions  in  the  requirements  of  a  certificate  of  origin  for  merchandise  marked 
letter  **C"  in  the  tariff. 

Disposition  Thirteenth. 

Premiums  and  drawbacks. 

Exporters  in  the  Peninsula  of  refined  sugar  shall  have  the  option  between  the  pay- 
ment of  a  premium  of  57  pesetas  39  centimes  per  each  100  kilograms  of  sugar  which 
they  may  export,  assignecl  by  the  law  of  17th  July,  1849,  and  the  decree  of  r2th  July, 
lti69,  or  the  return  (drawback)  to  them  of  the  customs  and  consumption  duties  col- 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  15^ 

looted  as  transitory  and  additional  municipal  charge;  provided  always  that  the  ree- 
ulations  in  regard  to  the  same,  in  accordance  Tvith  the  law  of  22d  June,  1^,  shall 
bave  been  complied  with. 

In  order  th.tt  the  return  (drawback),  in  case  it  shouVl  be  preferred,  maj'  be  author- 
ized while  its  value  may  exceed  the  premium  of  17  pesetas  39  centimes  above  men- 
tioned, the  exporters  shall  have  to  previously  prove,  through  the  means  which  the  ' 
administration  may  have  established  or  shall  establish,  that  the  retined  sugar  which 
is  exported  proceeds  from  sugar  No.  14  inclusive,  or  iuferior  thereto,  or  from  honey, 
tbe  product  of,  and  pruceedinj;  from,  one  or  more  of  the  Spanish  provinces  of  Ultra- 
mar. 

In  no  case  and  for  no  reason  shall  the  premium  and  the  return  duties  (drawbacks) 
be  made  at  one  and  the  same  time.  < 

A  premium  of  40  pesetas  will  be  allowed  to  the  constructors  of  national  vessels  for 
each  ton  (2.b3  cubic  meters)  which  the  vessels  constructed  may  measure,  the  formal- 
ities established  having  previously  been  complied  with  (law  of  25th  June,  1880). 

The  tariff  duties  which  may  have  been  paid  by  constructors  or  repairers  of  vessels 
and  marine  machinery,  on  materials  of  any  kind  imported  from  abroad  for  the  con- 
Btmction,  cleaning,  and  repairing  of  iron  or  wooden  vessels,  shall  be  returned ;  also 
for  worked  material  necessary  for  armament,  and  for  material  necessary  for  the  cou- 
atmction  and  repair  of  engines  and  boilers  of  steam  naval  vessels,  whatever  may  be 
the  8y8t«m  and  force  of  such  apparatus. 

In  order  to  return  the  duties,  the  weight  and  bulk  of  the  materials  or  effects  shall 
be  appraised  (as  expressed  in  the  tariff)  by  the  weight  or  bulk  of  the  work  when  fin- 
ished, so  that  that  part  of  the  duties  corresponding  to  the  waste  ^mermas'')  and  re- 
mainder ("desechos^')  of  said  materials  or  effects  resulting  from  the  construction  or 
transformation  when  applied  to  said  works  may  be  credited  to  the  treasury  (decree 
law  22d  November,  1868). 

In  order  to  effect  the  return  of  the  duties,  the  rules  of  instruction  at  present  ii^ 
force  must  be  previously  complied  with. 

Disposition-  Fourteenth. 
Prohibited  articles  of  importation. 

1.  Arms  of  war,*  projectiles,  and  ammunition,  except  by  permission  of  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

2.  Reproduction  of  hydrographic  charts  published  by  the  marine  (navy  department).. 

3.  Catapults  or  cnlverins  (''cerbatanas''),  air-guns. 

4.  Books  and  printed  matter  in  Spanish  iu  cases  prescribed  by  law  of  copyright. 

5.  Maps  and  charts  by  Spanish  authors  in  conformity  with  the  same  law. 

6.  Misiials,  breviaries,  aud  other  liturgical  books  of  the  Romau  Catholic  Church. 

7.  Moorish  ("ochavos")  coin. 

H.  Pictures,  figures,  and  all  other  objects  offensive  to  morality. 

9.  Pharmaceutical  preparations  or  secret  remedies  of  unknown  composition. 

10.  Rosaries  and  other  religious  objects  from  holy  places,  introduced  for  commerce 
and  private  use. 

11.  Tobacco,  in  the  form  and  cases,  specified  iu  the  rules  of  [government]  monopoly 
**  e«tanco." 

12.  Articles  and  objects,  the  entry  of  which  may  be  prohibited  by  other  ministries- 
to  avoid  injury  to  the  public  health  or  damage  to  agriculture. 

Note. — The  importation  at  the  present  time  of  the  following  articles  is  prohibited : 

1.  Roots,  shoots,  graftings,  all  the  residue  of  the  vine,  such  as  trunks,  roots,  leaves, 
and  anything  which  may  have  served  for  its  cultivation,  although  imported  as  wood 
or  combustible,  and  all  kinds  of  trees,  shrubs,  aud  live  plants,  with  the  exception  of 
those  dissected  and  properly  prepared  herbs. 

2.  Potatoes,  their  leaves,  shoots,  sprouts,  and  cuttings,  and  the  sacks  or  packages 
(*'  envases")  in  which  they  may  be  brought  from  any  part  of  America  and  Holland. 

3.  Lard  in  an  untried  state  proceeding  from  the  United  States  of  America. 

NOTICE. 

1.  Tbe  items  of  merchandise  for  which  is  exacted  a  certificate  of  origin  (or  its  equiv- 
alent), in  order  to  show  that  it  is  the  product  of  a  nation  having  a  treaty  of  com- 
merce with  Spain,  are  marked  with  the  letter  o. 

2.  Items  of  the  tariff  whose  present  duties  are  extraordinary  are  marked  with  the 
letter  e. 

3.  Items  marked  with  an  asterisk  [*]  pay  duty  according  to  weight. 

*  Pistols,  reTolven,  Kuns,  and  carbines  which  exceed  7  millimeters  shall  be  ooneidered  as  arms  of  war.. 


154 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Tariff  for  the  exaoiion  of  duties  on  foreign  merchandise  introdttoed  into  the  Peninsula  and 

Balearic  Islands, 


0 

5^5 


e2 

€9 

^4 


'6 


-8 


^9 

«10 


il2 


Articles. 


Class  1.— Stones,  earthy  mnttere,  minerals,  crystalwares, 
and  productions  of  pottery  {''productos  ceramico**'). 

Gboup  1. — Stonefi  and  earthy  prodactioos  employed  in 

construction,  arts,  and  industry: 

Marbles.  Jaspers,  and  alabaster  in  the  rough,  or  in 

dressed  pieces,  squared,  and  prepared  for 

taking  tne  form. 

Marbles  of  all  cksses,  cut  into  blocks,  tables,  or  steps, 

of  any  dimensions,  polished  or  not. 
Marbles  wnrkrd  np  or  chiseled,  in  all  classes  of  ob- 
jects, politdied  or  not. 
Other  stones  and  earthy  substances  employed  in 
bnUdings,  arts,  and  industry.  . 
Group  2.->Mineral  coal : 

Mineral  coals  and  cuke  (1) 

Group  8.— Schist,  bitaminons  matter  ("betunes"),  and 
their  products: 
Tar,  pitch  (breas),  a.«phalt,  bitumen,  schist^  and 
crude  oils,  derived  from  the  same. 

(1)  NoTK.^Tbe  mineral  coal  and  coke  shall  be  cleared 
acoordins  to  weight  expressed  in  a  certificate  which  the 
consul  of  Spain  at  the  port  of  Hhipment  will  give  to  the 
captain  of  the  ship  bringing  it,  in  which  shall  be  set 
forth  the  qnantitv  received  on  board,  according  t«  the 
charter-party  anti  the  bills  of  lading,  the  presentation 
of  which  shall  be  required  for  that  purpose.  In  cases 
of  doubt  the  cmttoms  may  make  the  necessary  compro- 
bation.  Article  20  of  the'  law  of  budgets,  of  11th  July, 
1877,  fixed  tho  duty  on  mineral  coals  at  2  pesetas  50 
centimes. 

(2)  NOTB.— Crude  oils  derived  trom  schists  shall  be 
understood  to  he  those  derived  by  the  first  distillation 
of  the  same,  distinguishable  by  their  yellowish  color 
and  density  of  0.000  to  0.020  grades,  or  from  56^  to  57|  of 
the  aerometer  centesimal  equivalent  to  24.60  to  21.48  of 
Cartier  grades. 

Crude,  natural,  petroleums  (3). 
Law  of  budgets*.  1878-70: 

Extraordinary  duty 

Transitory  duty 

(8)  Note.— Crude,  natural,  petroleums  are  those  which 
have  a  dark-greenish  color,  pronounced  smell,  devoid 
of  clearness  (ti-ansp  iieucia),  and  contain  essential  oils 
which  volatilize  or  dissolve  at  a  temperature  inferior  to 
60°  centigrade,  and  leave  by  distillation  2J0<>  centigrade 
a  residuum;  samples  shall  be  sent  to  the  general  direc- 
tion of  all  the  pt-troleum  cleared. 

Petroleums  and  other  mineral  oils,  refined  (4),  and 
benzine. 
(4)  NOTK.— All  mineral  oils  which  do  not  unit«  the 
properties  set  forth  in  the  two  anterior  notes  shall  be 
cousidercd  as  refined  nils. 

Law  of  budgets  of  1878-70: 

Extraordinary  duty 

Transitory  duty 

Group  4.— Minerals: 

Mineral  ores  


Groups. — Glass  and  glassware: 

All  sor-trt  of  glassware,  common  or  ordinary  (5) 

(5)  NOTB. — Bottles,  dem^ohns,  and  flasks,  for  holding 
oils,  wines,  drugs,  peifumery,  aud  chemical  products, 
provided  they  are  not  raised  or  embossed,  shall  be  con* 
sideied  as  included  in  this  item. 

Glass,  aud  imitation  glassware,  although  it  be  gilded 
or  silvered  inside  (6). 

(6)  Note. — Bottles,  glasses,  cups,  and  other  objects 
for  table  service,  lighting,  and  ornaments,  whether  of 
crystal  or  white  or  colored  glass,  shall  bo  iucluded  in 
this  item. 

"Window  and  sheet  glass 


Unit 


100  kilograms. 

...  do 

..do 

..do 


Ton   of  1,000 
kilograms. 


100  kilograms. 


.do 
.do 


..do 


do 
.do 


Ton  of   1,000 
kilograms. 

• 

100  kilograms. 


...do 


.do 


Duties  for  the 
tiona. 


Without 
treaty. 


Pesetas.     Pesetas 


With 


87 
8.76 

aoo 

0« 
2.50 

41 


&84 
8.76 


6.50 


17.25 
3.75 

0.25 
8.00 

45.00 


87 

8.10 

7.35 

06 

2.50 
41 


&84 
3.75 


3.80 


17.25 
3.75 

0.26 
6.50 

84.66 


17.50 


16w04 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES, 


155 


Tariff  of  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  lalanda—Contmnod. 


®-5 


«13 
*14 


15 


««10 


«17 


18 


10 

€18 


«21 
«22 
«23 
«24 


««25 
e026 

«e27 


e028 


20 
030 

«e31 

82 

0  33 


034 


Clabs  I— Continaed. 

6sO(7P  5— Con  tinned. 

Glasa,  silvered  (as  mirrors,  looking-glasses,  &c.), 

and  glass  for  spectacles.  waU:hos,  and  flocks. 

Group  6.— Clay  worked  np  ("losa,"  •porcelaDa"),  Sec. : 

Clay  in  tiles,  bricks,  pnd  roof -tile  (^*  t4>Jas  "),  for  con- 

stmction  of  edifices,  ovens.  Sec.  (7). 

(7)  Note.— In  the  application  of  this  item  it  must  be 
borne  in  mind  tbat  it  only  indndes  bricks,  floor  and 
roof  tiles,  or  clay  in  the  rongh,  which  are  to  bo  employed 
in  the  constmction  of  walls,  ovens,  Sec. 

Clay  in  tiles,  larj^e  and  small,  for  floorings,  colored 
and  varnished  tiles  nnd  pipes  (8>. 

(8)  KOTR.—This  includes  tiles  for  flooiings,  mosaic, 
as  well  as  the  above-mentioned  objects,  which  are  used 
for  bnildings.  varnished,  painted,  enameled,  made  with 
washed  or  sifted  oltiv. 

All  sorts  of  table  earthenware  plates,  cups  (*']oza 
depedemsd").  andofflneclay,  such  as  water- 
bottles.  &,o.  (0). 
(0)  Note.— The  objects  of  fine  clay  included  in  this 
item  are  those  for  taole  nse,  such  as  flower-pota,  orna- 
ments, and  kitchen  service  ("vajiha*')* 

Porcelain 


Class  Jl.—Metal8,  andaU  manvfaetures  in  vfhieh  metal 
entert  as  a  principal  element. 

Gbouf  l.^Gold.  silver,  and  platinnm : 

Gold  in  C'alhajiis")  Jewelry  or  ornaments  (10),  in- 
olnding  those  with  precious  stones  or 
pearls,(r2). 

(10)  NoTB. — In  the  classification  of  Jewelry  or  orna- 
ments all  small  objects  of  luxury,  valuable  on  account 
of  workmanship  and  generally  intended  for  ornament 
of  persons  of  both  sexes,  will  be  includeiL 

(12)  NoTR.~In  the  dispatch  of  finished  objects,  in- 
oludlng  objects  of  Jewelry  ("Joyeria")  of  gold,  silver, 
or  platinnm,  where  mastic  is  used,  a  reasonable  allow- 
ance will  be  made  for  the  tare,  owing  to  said  mastic. 
Silver  in  Jewelry  or  ornaments  (see  Note  10),  includ- 
ing those  with  precious  stones  and  pearls 
(see  Note  12). 
Gold,  silver,  platinum  worked  into  other  objects  (11), 
(se«)  Note  12). 

(11)  Note.— In  the  classification  of  "  v^jilla  "  will  be 
included  utensils  for  domestic  use,  objects  for  church 
service,  and  in  general  all  largo  pieces  used  for  the  orna- 
mentation of  apartments. 

Group  2— Iron  and  steel: 
Cast  iron : 

In  ingots,  and  old  castings 

In  pipes,  of  all  classes 

In  ordinary  manufactures 1 

In  fine  manufactures,  i  e.,  those  polished  or 
forbished  with  coating  of  porcelain,  or  orna- 
ments of  other  metals. 

Forged  iron  and  steel  rails 

Iron  and  steel  sheets,  from  6  millimeters  inclusive, 

thickness  and  rivets. 
Iron  and  steel,  in  bars  of  any  shape,  in  sheets  up  to 
6  millimeters  thickness,  t  ho  axles,  axle-trees, 
plates,  and  springs  for  carriages  nnd  tires  or 
hoops  ("flejes"). 
Iron  and  steel  in  large  pieces,  composed  of  bars  and 

Elates,  with  rivets,  for  the  construction  of 
nildings,  Sec. 

Iron  wire 

Iron  wire  in  nails  and  screws,  although  they  may 
have  brass  heads. 

Iron  pipers  

Iron  in  metallic  cloth  (rouph) 

Iron  in  manufactures  of  all  classes,  not  expressly 
tarifibd.  although  they  may  have  a  coat  of 
porcelain  and  a  part  of  other  metals  and 
pipes  covered  witn  brass  plate. 

Iron  ana  steel  in  uBelcae  objects 


Unit 


Duties  for  the  na- 
tions. 


100  kilograms. 


...do 


....do 


do 


do 


Hectogram 


...do 
...do 


100  kilograms. 

do  ; 

do 


...do 
..  do 

do 


.do 


do 
.do 

do 

do 

.do 


Without 
treaty. 


Peaeta*. 
80.00 


06 


1.50 


87.50 


62.60 


2&00 


8.60 
2.80 


With 
treaty. 


Peeetae, 
00.84 


06 


.do 


\ 


2.50 

4.70 

7.50 

17.50 


&00 
0.00 

13.00 


16.00 


8.00 
20.00 

13.00 
16.00 
24.00 


b.(M 


1.50 


2&58 


87.60 


25.00 


8.50 
2.60 


2.00 

3.50 

6.10 

11.80 


4.55 
6.70 

&65 


11.25 


6.55 

14.85 

&50 
15.00 
10.84 


^Vi 


156 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Tariff  of  the  Peniniula  and  Balearic  lelandi— Continued. 


i 

1i 

Articles. 

Unit. 

Duties  for  the  na- 
tions. 

0 

Without 
treaty. 

\     With 
treaty. 

e  «35 

Clam  II— Continaed. 

Gboup  2— Continued. 

Tin,  in  sheets 

100  kilograms. 
do 

Pesetas. 

20.00 

62.  fO 

3.00 

LOO 

2.25 
2.05 
5.00 

12.50 
22.50 
50.00 
7a  00 

30.00 

60.00 

10.  CO 

125.00 

250.00 

12.50 

6.00 

15.00 

26.00 

Pesetas. 
13.85 

«36 

Tin,  worked  (**labnuio") 

50.95 

88 

Needles,  pens,  pieces  for  watches,  and  other  similar 

objects  of  iron  or  steeL 
Knives,  carvinfT-knives  <"  navajas  "),and  pen-knives, 

of  iron  or  ste<*L 
Scissors,  for  sewins '. 

Kilogram 

....do 

3.00 
1.00 

39 

do 

2.25 

40 

Swords  ("armasbuncas").  and  pieces  for  the  same.. 

do 

2.05 

«41 

Fire-arms  and  cannons,  and  other  pieces  for  the  same. 
(13)  XoTB. — In  order  that  pieces  of  fire-arms  may  pav 
according  to  this  article,  they  muat  be  finished  ana  pol- 
ished on  the  outside. 
Group  8.— Copper  and  its  alloys: 

Copper  of  nrst  fusion  and  the  old  copper 

do 

4.60 

42 

100  kilograms. 
. .  ..do ...... 

11.75 

048 

Copper  and  brass,  in  bars  and  ingots,  and  old  brass. . 
Copper  and  brass,  in  sheets,  and  nails  and  copper  wire 
Copper  and  brass,  in  tubes,  large  pieces,  partially 

worked,  SQch  as  the  outside  of  "braseros," 

&.C.,  and  bottoms  of  boilers. 
Brass  wire        

1&60 

e44 

....do 

33.15 

e«45 

....do 

46.20 

046 

. ...do  ......... 

20.60 

e47 

Metallic  cloth,  of  copper  or  brass,  unwoiked 

....do 

41.25 

48 

Bronse,  un  worked 

....do 

9.30 

«49 

Copper,  bronz<>,  6r  brass  (worked),  and  all  alloys  of 
common  metal,  in  which  copper  forms  part, 
iu  pieces  of  hardware,  although  they  may  be 
varnished. 

Said  metals  and  alloys  in  gilt,  silvered,  or  nickeled 
objects. 
Group  4.— The  other  metals: 

Tin.  in  iniioi  s 

....do 

86.68' 

eSO 

...  do 

21&7a 

51 

...  do 

10.55- 

52 

Zinc,  in  iusots,  blocks,  or  cakes  ("tortas") 

.. ..do  ......... 

5.00 

•  58 

Zinc,  in  sheets,  nails  and  wire 

. do 

13.65 

«54 

Zinc,  iu  luaDufactnred  objects,  although  they  may 
be  vamishetl. 

Duty  which  must  be  applied  to  nations  which  have 
a  commenial  treaty,  so  long  as  the  treaty 
with  France  shall  snbsist. 

All  the  other  metals  and  alloys  not  expressed  in 
sheets.  blucUs,  nnila,  tiibes,  &c. 

Thesame  worked  up  ("obrados"),  whether  varnished 
or  not. 

The  same  metals,  and  zinc,  in  gilt,  silvered  or  nick- 
eled objects. 

Class  III. — Subgtancft  employed  in  pharmncy,  per- 
fumery^  and  chemical  industries. 

Group  l.— Simple  drugs: 

Oil  of  coco  and  of  nalms 

...do  

23.75 

...do  

23. 6» 

*55 

...do  

L60 

• 

37.50 
45.00 

&00 
8.00 

20.00 
.25 

20.00 
1.00 

10.00 

8.00 

.10 
45.00 

7.80 

.75 

24.00 

7.50 

L60 

56 

do 

16  60 

57 

do 

45.00 

58 

....  do 

(140 

59 

The  other  vegetable  oils,  except  that  of  olive 

Law  of  budgets  of  187&-'79,  extraordinarj-  duty 

Dyewoodsand  tannery  bark 

Madder-root  ("granza  6  rubria'') 

Ben,  flax,  and  other  uleaginons  »ce<l8 

Other  products  of  vegetal  kingdom  not  expressed 
in  other  items. 

Products  of  the  animal  kingdom  employed  in  med- 
icines. 
Group  2. — Colors,  dyes,  and  varnishes: 

Ochers  and  natural  earths  for  paintinir 

....do 

6.00 

*60 

..  do    

...do 

20.00 
.20 

e61 

...do 

18.35 

62 

...do  

.91 

63 
*64 

do 

....  do  .*........ 

10.00 
3.0O 

66 

....do 

.10 

66 

IndijTo  (14)  and  cochineal        

....do 

2L0O 

67 

(14)  NOTB.— In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  ar- 
ticle 26,  of  law  of  budgets  of  1878-79,  indigo  proceeding 
direct  from  fon^ign  countries  which  are  not  European, 
shall  pay  3  pesetas  less  on  each  100  kilograms  than  the 
duty  named  in  this  tariff. 

Dveing  extracts 

. . . .do  ......... 

5.75 

«68 

e69 
70 

Grancina,  and  its  mixture  with  ground  madder 

Tarnishes 

Colors,  in  powder  or  in  lumps 

Kilogram 

100  kilograms. 
....do 

.65 

18.00 
4.80 

(15)  Note.— The  colors  included  in  this  item  are  those 
composed  of  a  metallic  base,  which  are  used  mixed 
with  oil.  turpentine,  and  which  are  generally  indis- 
soluble in  water, alcohol,  or  ether,  rarely  crystallized. 

' 

TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


157 


Tariff  of  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  Islands — Coiitinued. 


o    . 

d 
JZ5 


71 
«;72 


73 
74 
75 
4  76 
77 
78 
70 


80 

ei 

82 

«83 

84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
iK) 


«01 
<j2 

03 

04 

«05 

c96 

•ce07 

e08 
eOO 


aoo 


^101 


Articles. 


CLAB68  III— Continued. 

Oboup  2— Continued. 

and  almost  always  iu  powder  or  lumps,  such  as  white 
lead,  yellow  ocher,  vermilion,  Prussian  and  Th6nard 
hlue,  and  EnpliKli  ffreen. 

Colors,  prepared,  and  (dyes)  tints 

Colors  «*eiived  from  coal  (bulla),  and  other  artificial 
colors  (10). 

(16)  NoTK.— The  colors  included  in  this  item  are 
tho.se  called  aitificial,  i.  e.,  orf^anic  prodacis,  in  which 
mineral  substances  rarely  enter;  they  are  generally  crys- 
tallizf  d,  dissoluble  iu  water,  alcohol,  or  ether,  and  em- 
ployed in  paints,  dyeing,  and  stamping,  with  or  without 
gold  size,  such  aspiciio  acid,  "aldeida"  green,  English 
violet,  rosaline,  anditssalfs,  naphtha,  colors,  &o. 
Group  3  —Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products: 

Acid,  muriatic  or  chloric 

Acid,  nitric 

Acid,  sulphuric 

Alkaloids,  and  their  salts 

Alum 

Sulphur 

Banlla,  natural  and  artificial 

(17)  NOTK.— Barilla,  natural  and  artificial,  are  nnder- 
Btood  to  be  carbouatea  of  impure  soda  which  contain 
carbon. 

Alkaline  carbonates,  oaastic  alkalies,  and  ammo- 

nlacal  salts. 

Cbl  oride  of  lime 

Chloride  of  potaMium,  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride, 

carbonate,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

Chloride  of  sodium  (common  salt) 

Glues  and  albumins 

Phosphorous 

Nitrate  of  potass  (saltpeter) 

Nitrate  of  soda 

Oxide  of  lead 

Sulphate  and  pjTolignite  of  iron  ..  

Pills,  capsules,  and  the  like  (18) .  .' 

(18)  Note.— The  products  or  substances  included  in 
this  item  shall  be  examined  by  the  pharmaceutical  In* 
spectors,  who  will  sign  the  declaratipns  with  the  cus- 
toms officers  iu  the  following  form :  The  goods  cleared 
are  those  expressed  in  the  declaration  and  are  (or  are 
not)  admitted  to  importation  by  virtue  of  their  formula 
having  been  published  (state  where),  or  their  composi- 
tion having  been  discovered  through  analysis  made  by. 

Pharmaceutical  pnxlucts  not  specified  (see  Note  18) . 

Chemical  products  not-specified 

Gboup  4.— Various: 

S^rch 

f  lecula,  for  industrial  uses,  dextrine  and  glucose 

Soap,  common 

Pamtfine,  stearino,  wax.  and  whale  sperm,  in  the 

Iniikp. 
Paraffine,  stearine,  wax,  and  whale  sperm,  in  the 

lump,  manufactured. 

Perfumery  and  essences 

Gunpowder,  explosive  mixtures  and  fhsea   "me- 

chas,'*  for  mines. 

Clam  lY.—OoUon,  and  Ui  manufactures. 

Giu)tn>  1.— Baw  cotton : 

Raw  cotton,  ^ith  or  without  seed  (kepita)  (10) 

(10)  Note.- In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  ar- 
ticle 25  of  the  law  of  budgets  of  1878-'70,  raw  cotton 
coming  direct  from  foreign  oountries,  not  European. 
shiUl  pay  1  peseta  less  on  each  100  kilograms  than  the 
duty  named  in  this  tariff. 
Gkoup  2.— Spun  cotton  ("  hilados") : 

Cotton,  spun  and  twisted  in  one  or  two  threads, 
white  or  co1ore<l,  up  to  No.  35  inclusive  (20). 

Cotton  from  No.  36  and  upwards 

(20)  Ncnt. — In  order  to  ascertain  the  number  accord- 
ing to  the  English  s^-stem  (the  system  adopted  in  this 
tariff)  to  which  a  piece  of  cotton  oeloDgs^  any  one  nam* 


(Tnit 


100  kilograms. 
Kilogram 


100  kilograms 

...  do 

do 

Kilogram 

100  £Uogram8. 

...do    .! 

100  kilograms. 


Duties  for  the  na- 
tions. 


Without 
treaty. 


Pesetas. 

25.60 

2.50 


...do 


...do 
...do 


...do 

...do 

Kilogram 

100  kilograma. 

..do... 

...do 

...do 

Kilogram 


.do 
.do 


100  kilograma. 

...do,.. 

...do 

....do 


...do 


Kilogram 
....do  .... 


100  kilograma. 


Kilogram 


.do 


1.50 
6.50 
2.28 
80.00 
1.50 
1.25 
LOO 


8.80 

2.60 
.50 

8.25 
12.00 
.70 
8.75 
1.00 
6.00 
1.50 
2.00 


LOO 
.10 

10.00 

2.00 

18.75 

26.00 

60.00 

2.00 
.47 


L60 


L25 
L75 


With 
treaty. 


Pesetas. 
24.00 
LOO 


\    \ 


L45 

6.60 

2.28 

27.60 

L15 

.65 

.80 


2.90 

2.00 
.50 

•  04» 

12.00 
.60 
8.70 
.66 
4.60 
L50 
L85 


.90 
.10 

0.15 

2.00 

15.80 

2L0J 

83.00 

L73 
.47 


L20 


.76 
LOO 


158 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Tariff  of  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  Island* — Continued. 


11 


00102 
0  0103 


00104 


00105 
0  0106 


00107 
00108 

0  0100 
0  0110 

0111 

0112 
0113 

0  0114 

00115 


116 
117 

118 

119 
120 

00121 
0122 


00128 

00124 

00125 

0  0126 

127 

0128 

0130 


Articles. 


Clabs  IY— Continned. 

Gboup  2— Continued. 

ber  of  meters  of  cotlon  may  be  taken,  vhich  number 
will  be  maltiplied  by  the  'invariable  factor  59  (tbis 
being  the  nnmoer  of  centigmms  which  a  meter  of  cloth 
of  one  thread  Na  1  will  weigh).  The  product  will  then 
be  divided  by  the  number  of  centigrams  which  the 
meters  of  cotton  may  weigh;  the  quotient,  multiplied 
by  the  number  of  threads  it  may  contain,  will  give  the 
corresponding  English  number,  to  which  7  per  cent, 
will  be  added  if  tbe  cotton  of  more  than  one  thread  is 
onlv  twisted,  and  lu  per  cent,  if  twisted  and  colored. 

Cotton  from  No  3U  and  upwards  (see  Note  20) 

Cotton  twisted  iu  three  or  more  threads,  raw,  white, 
or  colored. 
Obouf  3.— Woven  textiles: 

Textiles  closely  woven,  raw,  white,  or  dyed,  in  pieces, 
or  shawls,  up  to  25  threads,  inclusive  (21). 

(21)  KoTB.~The  number  of  threads  will  be  deter- 
mined by  half  of  the  total  of  threads  contained  in  a 
square  of  6  millimeters  in  the  warp  and  weft  of  the 
cloth,  the  counting  to  be  done  with  the  instrument 
called  "thread-counter." 

Textiles  At)m  26  threads  and  upwards  (see  Note  21) . . 
Textiles,  printed,  and  those  crossed  and  worked  in 

the  loom  up  to  25  threads,  inclusive  (see 

Note  21). 
Textiles  from  26  threads  and  upwards  (21),   (see 

Note  21). 
Textiles,  transput^nt,  such  as  muslins,  cambrics, 

lawns,  organdies,  and  gauze  of  any  class. 

(**Acolchados  y  nlqu6s  ")•  qoiltlngs  piqn6 

("Panas  veludiilos"),  corduroys,  velveteens,  and 

other  double  textures,  for  wearing  apparel. 

Tulles 

Lace,  of  any  class,  except  that  of  crochet  ("puntilU") 
Knitted  fabrics  of  crochet,  made  by  hanu  or  in  the 

loom- 
Enitted  fabrics,  in  a  piece  (singlers),  undershirt  and 

drawers. 
Knitted  fabrics,  in  stockings,  socks,  gloves,  and 

other  objects. 

CLAflS  v.— Hemp,  /lax,  aloe  C*pUa"),  jute,  and  other  veg- 
eUMefbere,  and  their  manu/acdurft. 

Gboup  1.— "Raw  en  rama": 

Hemp,  raw  and  hackled 

Flax,  raw  and  hackled 

Jute  ("abaca"),  aloe,  and  other  vegetable  fibers 

Gboup  2.— Spun : 

Hemp  and  flax  spun  into  threads 

Aloe,  nbaca.  Jute,  and.  other  vegetable  fibers  spun 
into  threads. 

Threads,  twisted,  of  two  or  more  threads    

Rope  and  cordayce  "Jarcia  y  cordcleria  "  (22) 

(22)  NOTB— Threads  of  flax,  hemp,  or  Jute,  twisted,  of 
two  or  more  threads,  lU  meters  or  which  weigh  more 
than  5  grams,  will  be  considered  as  pack-thread  and 
will  pay  according  to  this  item. 
Guoup'a.—Woven  textiles  (23) : 

(23)  NOTB. — Textures  of  flax  which  must  pay  accord* 
ing  to  the  number  of  threads,  only  those  of  the  warp  in 
the  space  of  6  millimeters  will  be  counted. 

Textiles  of  hemp  or  flax,  with  or  without  mixtures 

of  cotton,  up  to  10  threads,  inclusive. 

Same,  from  11  to  24  threads,  inclusive 

Same,fW)m  2.5  threads  upwards 

Same,  crossed  or  workea  up 

Lace  ("encages") 

Hosiery  (t^^idos  de  punto) 

Textiles,  pudn,  of  Jute,  abaca,  aloe,  or  other  vegetal 

flbers.  whether  mixed  or  not  with  cotton. 
Duty  which  must  be  applied  to  nations  having  treaty 

of  commerctf  so  long  as  the  treaty  with 

France  may  remain  in  force. 


Unit 


Kilogram 
. . . .  do  . . . . . 


..do 


...do 
«..do 


. .  .do 
...da 


.do 
.do 


.do 
,  ..do 
...do 


...do 
...do 


Duties  for  theuA- 
tions. 


Without      "With 
treaty,      treaty. 


100  kilograms. 

...do... 

...do 


.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


KHogram 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 


Pesetas. 

1.76 
2.50 


3.00 


2.70 
4.00 


3.70 

8.00 

4.60 
8.50 

5.00 
6.25 
8.00 

2.62 

6.25 


10.00 
2.70 
L05 

27.60 
7.80 

122.60 
20.80 


1.26 


Pesetas. 
LOO 
L75 


L54 


L74 
2.40 


2.40 

2.24 

2.10 
2.40 

4.  IS 
&.40 
2.85 

LOT 

2.64 


9.80 
2.70 
LOS 

27.20 
7.76 

11L80 
1&90 


.87 


2,60 

2.16^ 

4.26 

8.85. 

2.00 

L83 

12.50 

12. 60 

6.00 

4.6b. 

.46 

.4S 

.46 

.2S. 

TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


15«> 


Tariff  of  ih/e  Peninsula  and  Baleqrio  Islands — Continned. 


i 

I'' 

Articles. 

Unit. 

Doty  for  the  na- 
tions. 

Without 
treaty. 

With 
treaty. 

•  130 
181 

Clabb  Y— Continaed. 

0BOUF  3— Continued. 

Textiles,  crossed  or  worked  np,  of  the  same  ma- 
terials, whether  mixed  or  not  with  cotton. 

CLAB8  TL—Wools,  bristles,  horsehair,  and  their  mantt- 

factures. 
Group  1.— Raw: 

Bristles,  horsehair,  and  hair  .....r ..n. ., - -,,.,-, 

Kilogram 

100  kilograms. 
....do 

Pesetas. 

.00 

2.00 

2a  00 

56.00 
12.60 

25.00 
83.25 

1.85 
2.60 
3.00 

130.55 

.76 
2  25 

400 
&00 

&0O 

&00 

5.00 
5.00 

&00 
2.50 

1.50 
6.25 
0.15 
0.60 
4.50 

17.60 

Pesetas. 
.00 

2.0O 

182 

Wool,  common,  nncle&n  (24) 

24.30 

188 

(24)  NOTB.— Wool  which,  after  beins  washed  with  sol- 
phate  of  carbon,  loses  more  than  10  per  cent,  of  its 
weight,  will  be  considered  as  nnclean  wooL 

W^ooL  common,  washed 

....do 

48.60 

184 

Wool,  common,  unclean,  of  other  classes,  and  long 

wool  for  worstcdJs  (25). 
(25)  Note.— Wool  more  than  10  centimeters  long  shall 
be  considered  as  long  wool. 

Wool,  common,  clean 

....do 

7. 60> 

185 

...do 

15.20 

136 

Wool,  combed  or  carded,  and  wasto  ft-om  carding — 
Gboup  2.— Spun  ("hibidos") : 

Worsted,  spun  and  twisted,  cmde,  or  with  oil 

Same,  cleaned  or  bleached 

do 

83.2fr 

187 
138 

Kilogram 

do 

1.10 
1.6S 

139 

Worsted,  dred 

. ..  .do 

1.95 

0«14O 
#141 

Group  3.— Woven: 

CarpetingB,  of  pure  wool,  or  mixed  with  other  ma- 
terials. 
Feltines  mixed  with  other  materials 

100  kilograms. 

Kilogram 

....  do 

90.70 
.60 

e«142 

Blanketiniis  mixed  with  other  materials* (26)  

1.78. 

e«148 

(26)  NOTB.— Blankets  called  "  plaids,"  or  similar  there- 
to, which  pay  according  to  the  class  of  the  textile  of 
which  they  may  be  comjiosed,  are  not  inolned  in  this 
iteuL 

Hosiery  ("ceiidos  de  pnnto"),  whether  mixed  or 

not  with  cotton  or  other  vegetal  fibers. 
Cloths,  and  all  other  fabrics  of  the  cloth  line,  of  pure 

wool,  flock  wool,  hair,  or  mixed  with  tnese 

materials. 
Duties  which  must  be  applied  to  nations  having 

treaties  of  commerce  so  long  as  the  treaty 

with  France  shall  remain  in  force. 
The  same  cloths,  when  they  have  all  the  warp  of 

cotton  or  other  vegetal  fibers,  and  the  astra- 

kans  and  plush  of  the  same  materials. 
All  the  other  textiles  of  pure  wool,  flock  wool,  hair, 

or  mixtures  of  these  materials. 
Bnty  to  be  applied  to  nations  having  treaties  of 

commerce  ao  long  as  the  treaty  with  France 

shall  remain  in  force. 
The  same  toxtlles.  when  all  the  warp  is  of  cotton  or 

of  other  vegetal  fibers. 
Fabrics  of  bristles  or  horAebair,  whether  mixed  or 

not  with  other  vegetal  fibers. 

Class  vn. 
Group  l.~Spnn: 

Silk,  raw  and  soun  but  not  twisted 

....  do 

8. 47 

e«144 

.  ...do 

4.8a 

. .  do 

4.80 

•  «146 

....do 

2.60 

««14« 

.  ...do 

8.6a 

...do 

3.50 

e«147 

. .  ..do 

2.  IT 

148 

.  -  ..do 

2.0O 

140 

...do 

0,70 

el50 

Silk,  twisted 

. . .  .do 

3.80 

•151 

Silk,  Ksste  ("borra  de  seda"),  combed  or  carded  — 
Same,  spnn  bnt  not  twisted 

. . . do 

0. 15 

152 

...do 

0.30 

el63 

Same,  twisted 

....  do 

1.85 

«164 

Group  2.— Woven : 

Silk,  plain  or  striped i 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  having  treaties  of  com- 
merce so  long  as  the  treaty  with  France 
shall  remain  in  force. 

Velvets  and  plushes 

...  do 

....do 

14.40 
10.  OO 

«156 

.  ...do 

26.26 

21.00 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  having  treaties  of  com- 
merce so  long  as  the  treaty  with  France 
shall  remain  in  force. 

Velveteens  ("  ti^iidos  de  fllosedo")  and  those  of  floss, 
cmde  or  mixed  with  silk. 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  having  treaty  of  com- 
merce so  long  as  the  trea^  with  France 
shall  n>main  in  force. 

....do 

12.00 

«156 

...  do 

OlOO 

****** 

6.00 

. ...do . ........ 

5.00 

\ 

160 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Tariff  of  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  Islands—Continued, 


i 


1:3 

>Z5 


«157 
<e«158 

0169 

«160 
•0161 


162 

4188 
«164 
«165 


166 

167 

•00168 
«0l69 

0170 

171 

0172 


«173 


174 


175 


Articles. 


CLA88  Yll— Contixined. 

Group  2— Continoed. 

TuUea,  lacof),  edgiDgs  of  Bilk,  or  floss  eilk 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  having  treaty  of  com- 
merce so  long  R8  the  treaty  with  France  shall 
remain  in  force. 

Silk  textiles  or  floss  silk 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  havinjr  treaty  of  com- 
merce while  tlie  treaty  with  France  shall 
remain  in  foix^. 

Velvets  and  plushes  of  silk  or  floss  silk  with  the 
whole  warp  or  weft  of  cotton  or  other  vege- 
tal fibers. 

Other  textiles  of  silk  or  floss  silk  with  all  the  warp 
or  weft  of  cotton  or  other  vef^etal  fibers. 

Textiles  of  silk  or  floss  silk  with  all  the  warp  or  weft 
of  wool  or  hair. 

Class  YIII. — Paper  atid  its  appliecUtom. 

Gboup  1.— Printing  and  writinft  paper : 

Paper,  unsized  nnd  half  sized,  for  printing 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  hsvinf(  treaty  of  com- 
merce so  long  as  the  trea^  with  Belgium 
shall  remain  in  force. 

Paper,  unsigned,  lor  writing,  lithographing,  or 
stamping. 

Paper,  cut,  made  by  hand,  and  ruled, 

Gboup  2.— Printed  pai>er,  engraved  or  photographed : 

Books,  bound  or  unbonno,  and  otners  printed  in 
Spanish  (27)  (28). 

(27)  NoTK.-— The  bindings  of  books  shall  be  appraised 
according  to  the  item  corresponding  to  their  materiaL 
When  the  books  are  bound  In  rustic,  or  with  paste- 
board wrappers,  they  shall  pay  as  printed  matter  on 
their  total  weight 

(28)  Note.— The  authors  or  editors  of  works  printed 
abroad  in  the  Spanish  language  are  the  onlv  ones  who, 
tiirough  the  payment  6f  duties,  raav  import  them  into 
Spain  fifteen  days  after  the  publication  in  the  Gazette,' 
by  the  ministry  of  Fomento,  of  a  bibliography  of  said 
works.  This  publication  once  made,  authorizes  all 
subsequent  publications.  Newspapers  published  abroad 
in  the  Spanish  language  do  not  require  permission  to  in- 
troduce them  into  Spam. 

Books  and  other  publications  in  a  foreign  language. 
(See  Note  27.) 

Engravings,  maps,  and  plans 

Gboup  3. — Decorating  paper: 

Paper,  stamped  with  gold,  silver,  wool,  or  crystal.. . 

Paper  of  other  kinds 

Group  4. — Cardboard  and  various  papers: 

Paper,  brown,  ordinary,  for  packing,  &c 

Paper,  other  paper,  not  expressly  tariffed 

Cardboard  in  sncets  and  boxes  lined  with  ordinary 

{)aper,  and  objects  of  cardboard,  Sec,  not  fin- 
shed  (29). 

(29)  Note. — Boxes  of  pasteboard  lined  with  paper 
more  or  less  ordinary,  which  nerve  for  packing  of  naud- 
kerchiefs,  shirt-lmsoms,  buttons,  fabrics  in  pieces,  and 
otiier  similar  articles,  will  pay  according  to  this  item. 

Said  ot^jects  finished  and  cardboard  boxes  orna- 
mented or  lined  with  fine  paper  or  other 
materials. 

ClasbIX.— TTood^,  and  other  vegetable  materialt  em- 
ployed %n  induMtry,  and  its  manv/aeturee. 

Gboup  1.— Woods : 

Staves '. 

Dut}"  to  be  applied  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long 

as  the  treaty  with  Austria-Hungary  shall 

remain  in  force. 
Wood,  ordinary  in  boards,  although  they  may  be 

cut,  plane<1,  grooved,  and  tonguod,  for  boxes 

or  floors,  planks,  beams,  rafters,  masts,  and 

wood  for  ship-building. 


Unit. 


Kilogram 
— do  ■ ... 


...do 
...do 


...do 

...do 
— do 


Duty  for  tho  na- 
natious. 


Without 
treaty. 


With 
treaty. 


22.50 


15.00 


12.00 

6.70 
7.50 


100  kilograms. 
do 


10.50 


.  ^.do 
...do 
...do 


....do  .... 
Kilogram 


100  kilograms. 
...do 


100  kilograms. 

...do... 

..  do 


Kilogram 


1,000  kilograms 
— do 


30.00 
56.25 
42.00 


10.00 

1.25 

200.00 
27.50 

12.50 

40.00 

8  00 


1.60 


15.00 


Cubic  meter.. 


2.75 


20.40 
7.00 


13.30 
10.00 


&00 

4.00 
5.00 


10.50 

laso 


27.50 
4&76 
8&50 


10.00 

L25 

130.00 
23.84 

10.85 

3&00 

&93 


L85 


15w00 

laoo 


2.00 


TARIFFS   OP   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


161 


Tarif  of  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  Islands — Continaed. 


1* 

« 

Unit 

Duty  for  the  na- 
tions. 

r 

Without 
treaty. 

With 
treaty. 

•176 
177 

CLA88  IX— Continaed. 

Gboup  1— Continaed: 

Daty  to  be  applied  to  nations  witli  treaty  so  long  as 
the  treaty  with  Austria-  Hnngary  shall  remain 
in  force. 
.  Wood: 

Pine,  for  cabinet  ware,  in  boards,  planks,  in  logs 

or  pieces. 
FlnA,  sArTAt«4  oi*  in  planlcs  r  t  ^  -  t 

Cubic  meter . . 

100  kilograms. 
....do 

PeeeUu. 

0.66 

4.48 
10.00 

20.00 

86.00 

112.00 

0.60 

0.00 
L26 
0.26 

80.24 

128.30 

81.60 

10.60 

a40 

laso 
a46 

L40 
12.60 

6.00 

PeeeUu. 
2.00 

0.66 
448 

«178 

Cooper's  ware,  fitted  or  nnfltted 

....do 

9.16 

«179 

Oboup  2.~Pnmitare,  Sui.  (80) : 

(30)  Nor.— The  marble  slabs  of  famitore  shall  be 
•roralsed  by  the  second  colonm  of  the  tariff,  provided 
tAey  are  presented  separate  fh>m  the  ol^ects  to  which 
thc^belong. 

Ordinary,  mannfactored  into  any  kind  of  objects, 
tamed  or  not  turned,  painted  and  varnished, 
and  the  battens  molded  and  varnished  or  pre- 
pared for  gildinfr,  and  wooden  carved  fami- 
tore, although  they  may  be  painted  oi  var- 
nished. 

Fine,  manufactored  into  ftimitare  or  other  ob- 
jects,  tamed,   polished,    carved,  and   var- 
nished ;  those  of  ordinaiy  wood  inlaid  with 
fine  woods:  those  tapestried,  except  with 
silk  or  leather  textiles  and  comers  gilt 

In  the  same  objects  gilt,  edged  with  mother  of 
pearl  or  other  fine  materials  and  metal  mold- 
ings, and  those  tapestried  with  silk  or  leather. 
Gboup  3. — Varioas:        

....do 

18.76 

180 

....do 

88.76 

«181 

• . .  •  do  •....•••• 

102.65 

Ton   of  1,000 

kilograms. 

100  kilograms. 

....do 

Mffi 
188 

Coal,  wood,  and  other  vegetable  combustibles 

Cork 

0.60 
0.90 

*184 

Wooden  hoops,  twigs,  and  railinss . 

1.25 

186 

Bushes,  esparto,  vegetable  hair,  soft  rushes,  twigs, 
fine  straw,  palm  and  other  analogous  mate- 
rials, unmanufactured. 

Thn  saine  inat^rials.  manafM*'tured  /............ 

....  do 

0.20 

«186 

....do 

80.24 

«187 

ClasbX. — AnimaU  and  ^^eir  rrnnnatUs  employed  in 

vnduetry. 

Oboup  l.— Animals: 

TTommb  firAldfno)  aIiava  the  ntandard  heiirht 

Each 

128.80 

188 

Other  honetr and  mares ...r. ...,.,.....,, 

...  do 

8L50 

189 

Moles 

....do 

19.60 

190 

Asses 

. . .  .do 

8.40 

191 

CV>w<fL  baUs.  and  calves 

••••do 

18.80 

192 

Pigi 

do 

&45 

198 

Bbeep  and  eoats  nnd  animals  not  inc1nde<1 

....do 

L40 

IM 

Gboup  2. —Furriers'  and  leather-dealers'  wares: 

Skins  and  hidew.  nntanned  (31) 

100  kilograms 

Kilogram 

....do 

iai6 

««196 

(31)  NoTB. — In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Ar- 
ticle 26  of  the  law  of  budgets  of  1878-'70,  skins  and  hides 
uutanned  coming  direct  from  foreign   countries  not 
Earopean  shall  pay  3  pesetas  less  on  each  100  kilos  than 
the  daty  assigned  in  this  tariff. 

Leather,  enameled,  and  calfskin,  tanned,  ice 

8.26 

Daty  to  be  applied  to  nations  so  long  as  the  teeaty 

with  Bielgium  and  France  are  in  force. 
Leather,  other,  including  sole  leather 

2.60 

««190 

....  do  ......... 

2.00 

L86 

Doty  to  be  applied  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long  as 
treaty  with  France  and  Belginm  are  in  force. 
Belt  l^kther  for  machinery 

....do 

L26 

187 

....do 

LOO 
a64 

9.00 
82.00 
8.76 
8.76 
6.00 

LOO 

*196 

Furs  for  caps  and  coats,  or  for  ornament,  in  natural 

or  dressed  state.                 * 
Furs  in  made-up  objects 

.  ..do  

0.60 

eU9 

....do 

&26 

^#200 

Kid  and  leather  gloves. x  x x . . . .  a .  a. . .  x . 

....do  ..••..... 

1&88 

«#291 

Shoe  leather  ... .'? 

..  do 

6.65 

#208 

Harness  and  belt  ware  (32) 

....do  ......... 

2.16 

«a98 

Other  articles  of  lea  iher.  or  linc^  with  same. ... 

....do 

4.68 

(32)  KOTB.— Saddles,  bridles,  reins,  horse  gear  of  all 
classes,  and  traveling  objects— such  as  bags,  portman- 
teana,  trunks,  hat-boxes,  and  other  articles  composed  of 
leather  or  skin— will  be  considered  as  articles  of  nameas 
and  belt  ware. 

J  784  rONG — A  P- 


11 


162 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Tariff  of  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  lalanda — Continaed. 


i 

h 


I 


^ 


«204 
«205 


ao6 

*207 

208 

•209 


««210 


2U 

212 

218 

«2U 

«215 


0«21O 
217 


218 


219 


Articlea. 


Clabb  X— Oontinned. 

Obouf  8.— Feathers: 

Feathers  for  ornament  in  nataral  and  mannfiictured 

state. 
Feathers — other  feathers  and  those  for  dosting 

("jplameros"). 
Oboup  4.— Other  animal  remains  ("despojos") : 

Animal  fats  and  greases 

Onano  and  other  manures 

Entrails 

Other  animal  remains  not  enumerated  and  Hot  manu* 

factured. 

Class  XI. — Inttntmentt,  machinery,  and  apparatua  em- 
ployed in  agriculture,  induitry^  and  traveling. 

Group  1. — Instruments: 

Pianos  (33)    

(33)  XOTE.— Cases,  including  cords  for  pianos,  shall 
pay  the  duties  of  the  article  to  which  they  may  helons, 
even  when  not  accompanied  hy  the  other  pieces  which 
are  necessary  to  constitute  the  musical  instrument  prop* 
erly  so  called. 

Harmoniums  and  organs 

Watches: 

Gold 

Silver  and  other  metals 

Clocks  with  weights  and  alarm  clocks 

Works  for  wall  clocks  or  mantle-piece  clocks  not  fin- 
ished, with  or  without  case  and  chronome- 
ters (34). 

(84)  Note.— Cases,  pedestals,  dials,  and  other  acces- 
sories, shall  pay  duty  as  manufactured  objects,  accord- 
ing to  the  article  to  which  the  material  belongs.  Ma- 
chinery for  waller  table  clock  (in  "desbaste")  and 
pieces  of  brass  for  the  same,  shall  pay  accorfling  to  item 
Ko.  49.  The  pieces  (in  "desbaste  )  are  distinguishable 
by  their  bein^c  only  roughly  flnished.  by  the  want  of  es- 
capements, by  the  minute  hands  not  being  adjusted, 
and  by  the  last  wheel  being  without  cog.  In  cases 
where  watch  machinery  shall  come  in  p^estals,  &c., 
and  the  importer  should  not  wish  to  sepaTato  them  for 
examination,  one  kilogram  will  be  taken  as  the  weight  of 
the  machinery,  including  the  dial,  and  the  remainder 
shall  pay  as  indicated  in  the  previous  paragraphs. 
Gboup  2. — Apparatus  and  machines: 

Weighing  machines 

ACTicultnral  machines  (35) 

(85)  I^OTK. — The  machines  here  referred  to  are  those 
employed  by  the  field  laborer  or  agriculturittt  for  pre- 
paring the  land  and  gathering  the  fruits,  and  also  those 
used  to  clean  or  improve  the  same  without  essentially 
varying  its  natural  form.  Landlords  and  teuants  who 
are  enjoying  the  benefits  of  the  law  of  3d  of  June,  1868, 
in  the  introduction  of  all  classes  of  instruments 
("aperos")  or  agricultural  machines,  the  duty  on 
which  as  assicned  in  the  tariff  is  higher  than  that  of 
Article  No.  277,  shall  pav  the  duties  of  the  same  article 
(277),  provided  they  snail  Justify  by  a  certificate  of  the 
mayor  of  the  locality  that  the  articles  are  destined  to  be 
employed  in  establishments  which  e^Joy  the  privilege 
of  tne  said  law. 

Motive  machine 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long  as 

the  treaty  with  Belgium  shall  remain  in 

force. 
Machines  of  copper  and  their  alloys  and  their  pieces 

of  the  same  metals  (36). 

(36)  NOTB. — Tbe  machines  and  separate  pieces  of  cop- 
X>er  and  their  alloys  with  parts  of  other  materials  shall 
also  pay  duty  as  per  this  article,  provided  said  metal 
shaJl  exceed  them  in  weight. 

Machines  and  separate  pieces  of  material  fur  in- 
dustry (37). 

(37)  XOTB.— In  order  that  the  bags  (**  mangos")  and 
filters  of  wool  employed  in  manufactui  e  may  be  aasessed 


Unit. 


Duty  for  the 
tiona. 


Kilogram 
— do 


100  kilograms. 

do 

...do 

,  ...do 


Bach 


do 

do 

do 

.do 


Without 
trea^. 


Pceeiae. 
10.00 

2.00 


1.90 

0.05 

2L90 

0.60 


Witk 
treaty. 


260.00 


20.00 


lOOUlograma. 
...do 


..do 
...do 


...do 


...do 


87.60 
LOO 


Peaetae, 
9.15 

L85 


L70 

ao4 

2L0O 
0.50 


174.14 


2a  00 


7.60 

7.50 

2.00 

L80 

L20 

1.10 

&00 

4.70 

2.60 


27.00 


9.00 


22.06 
a95 


2.40 
2  00 


24.00 


aoo 


TAEIFF8  OF  THE  8EVEEAL  COUNTRIES. 


163 


Tariff  of  the  PeninBula  and  Balearic  /«/an(f«  — Continned. 


i 

U 


I 


9 


«S1 
««222 
««2S3 

#22S 

#' 


Artioles. 


Cla£8  XI— Continaed. 

Oeoup  2— Contiiiiied. 
.  hj  this  article,  a  oertiflcato  statinK  the  indnstry  or  fac- 
tory to  which  they  are  destised  will  be  required.  For 
the  eUaaiflcation  of  pieces  of  niachioery  toe  following 
mlea  shall  be  taken  into  account : 
1st.  A  separate  piece  of  machinery  is  understood  to  be 
any  object  not  expressly  mclnded  by  name  in  any  article 
of  the  tariff,  which  by  its  form  and  by  the  conditions 
in  which  it  is  presented  for  clearance  in  the  customs 
(allhoaxh  it  maT  not  be  entirely  finished),  is  exclusively 
deatined  to,  ana  may  only  bo  applied  to  formine  part  of 
a  machine  (in  case  it  should  anive  finished)  should  be 
assessed  according  to  one  of  the  articles  of  machinery 
of  the  tariff. 

2d.  The  importer  of  a  separate  piece  for  machinery, 
if  he  deem  it  expedient,  may  have  the  option,  on  pro- 
dncing  for  clearance,  to  have  it  assessed  according  to 
the  article  corresponding  to  the  material  of  which  said 
piece  is  composed,  instead  of  being  assessed  ai-cording  to 
one  of  the  articles  of  machinery. 
3d.  Pipes,  bars,  axles,  screws,  plates,  sheets,  boilers, 
bottoms,  wire,  and  other  articles  expressly  provided 
for  in  tlie  tariff,  must  always  be  assessed  according  to 
the  articles  of  the  same  in  which  they  arc  liniitedly 
incladed,  although  they  come  destined  for  machinery. 
4th.  The  implements,  tools,  and  utensils  employed  in 
arts  and  industries  must  not  be  considered  as  separate 
pieces  of  machinery  so  far  as  the  customs  tariff  is  con- 
oemed,  and  they  must  pay  thedutiesof  thearticles  corre- 
sponding to  the  materials  of  which  they  are  composed. 
Gboup  3.— Carriages: 

Coaches  and  berlins,  4  seata,  &c.,  new,  used,  or  re- 
paired. 
Beriins  of  2  seats.  &o.,  omnibus  of  more  than  15 
seats,  and  diligences  new,  usfMl,  or  repaired. 
Carriages  of  2  or  4  wheels,  Sec  ,  regardless  of  the 
number  of  seats,  omnibusses  up  to  15  seats 
and  carriages  not  expressed  in  the  previous 
classes,  new,  used,  or  repaired. 
Bailway  and  tramway  carriages,  and  the  pieces  of 

wood  finished  for  the  same. 
Other  vebiclen  for  railwaya,  and  pieces  of  wood  fin- 
ished for  the  same. 

Carts  and  hand-carts 

Group  4.— Navigation  (38).  (39) : 

(38)  KOTK.— The  duties  on  navigation  are  fixed  by  the 
law  of  June  25, 1880.  Anchors,  grapnels,  cables,  chains, 
barometers,  chronometers,  binnacles,  temporary  or  sta- 
tionary teleecopea,  cooperage  (piperia),  rigging  tackle, 
cordage  (iarcia),  aaila,  masts,  varus,  booms,  dec,  neces- 
sary for  the  maneaversand  safety  of  the  vessel,  accord- 
ing to  her  class,  are  comprised  in  the  duties  named  in 
articles  No.  227  to  230 ;  the  spare  stock  of  the  last  three 
articles  in  proportion  to  the  requirements  of  navigation 
will  also  be  admitted  free  whatever  other  duty.  Oar- 
petings,  glass,  earthenware,  lamps,  and  every  kind  of 
effects  ( "  enseres  "),  furniture,  and  other  articles  of  com- 
modity or  luxury  exclusively  destined  to  cabin  service, 
to  private  use,  and  to  the  defense  of  the  vessel,  and  in 
quantiUes  in  proportion  to  the  destination  of  the  same, 
-will  also  be  comprised  in  the  duties  named  in  the  article 
of  the  above-mentioned  tariff.  When  the  objecta  re- 
ferred to  in  tliia  note  do  not  meet  the  requirement  in- 
dioatcd,  they  shall  pay  the  duties  fixed  in  the  respective 
•rtf  clea  of  the  tariff.  ' 

(39)  KOTB.  —Duties  on  steam  vessels  shall  be  levied  on 
the  total  nnml>er  of  tona  which  mav  result  from  meaa- 
nreroent,  and  no  separate  dntv  ahail  be  levied  on  ma- 
chinery which  shall  be  considered  as  an  integral  part 
of  the  vessel.  As  a  basia  for  the  assessment  of  snips 
introduced  from  abroad,  the  copy  of  the  certificate  of 
measurement  (arqueo)  may  be  used  provisionally,  which, 
in  accordance  with  article  28  of  the  regulation  of  the  2d 
December,  1874,  and  the  royal  order  of  12th  January, 
1870,  baa  to  be  d«ilivered  to  the  collector  of  customs, 
wifli  the  ri«^  oftlio  ri'Hpectlve  nivt'^in  of  the  pnrt. 


Unit. 


Duty  for  the  na- 
Uona. 


Without 
treaty. 


Bach 

— do 

...do 


100  kilograms. 


.do 


.do 


With 
treaty^ 


Petetat. 

i.ooaoo 

760.00 
812.60 

37.00 
10.85 
10.00 


Petetat. 
80L80 

008.76 

270.90 

87.90 

10.85 

&06 


i 


164 


TRRIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Tariff  of  the  Peninsula  and  Balearic  Island* — Continned. 


i 


«S27 

228 
229 
280 


«231 

232 

238 

234 

e235 

e«236 


237 

«238 
239 


e«240 

e«241 

242 

248 

244 
245 
240 

247 
248 

e«249 


«260 


«251 
«252 
«253 
«254 


I 


Artiolaa. 


CLAB8  XI— Continued. 

Oboup  4— Continned. 

The  parties  interested  mnst  present  to  the  cnstous  a 
certificate  of  the  captain  of  the  port  showing  that  the 
oertiflcate  of  measarement  has  been  approrea  bv  the 
inspector,  in  accordance  with  articlee  29  and  82  ox  said 
reffnlations ;  and  it  is  to  be  understood  that  the  cnstoms 
WW  not  consider  the  clearance  and  payment  of  the  cor- 
responding duties  as  finally  settled  until  this  formality 
has  been  complied  with ;  this  will  be  stated  in  the  re- 
speotlye  declaration  ordocnment.  National  ships  which 
bare  been  lengthened  (or  whose  tonnage  has  Men  in- 
creased) in  foreign  dock-yards  must,  on  their  return,  pay 
duty  on  the  increased  tonnage.  Ships  repaired  abroad 
must,  on  their  return  to  a  port  in  Spain,  pay  duty  on  the 
materials  employed  for  the  purpose. 
Ships: 

Wooden,  8cc„  up  to  50  tons  measarement 


Wooden,  Sec,  from  51  to  801  tons  measurement. . 

Wooden,  from  301  tons  upward 

Inm  and  steel  boats.  See.,  and  those  of  a  mixed 
construction  of  any  tonnage. 

Class  XJI.—AHtnentary  nibttanee§. 


Unit 


Ton  of  meas- 
urement. 

...do 

...do 

....do  ........ 


...do 
...do 
...do 
....do 
...do 
...do 


do 
do 


Gbouf  1.— Heat  and  fish : 

Live  and  dead  birds  and  game 

Meat,  salt  and  Jerked 

Pork  meat  and  lard,  pork  (salted)  included 

Meat  of  other  classes 

Butter 

Codfish  and  stock  fish  ("pezpalo") 

Law  of  July  21, 1876,  transitory  duty 

Law  of  July  21, 1877.  municipal  charge 

Fresh  fish  ur  fish  with  the  salt  indispensable  for  its 
preservation. 

Fish,  salted,  smoked,  and  pickled 

ShelJ.flshC'mariscos") 

Ohoup  2.->6rain  and  TOgetables: 

Rice: 

InhuU 

Without  hull 

Wheat 

Law  of  budgets  1876-*77,  transitory  duty 

Wheat  flour , 

Law  of  budgets  1876-77,  transitory  duty 

Cereals,  other 

Flour  of  same 

Vegetables,  dried , 

Gboitp  3.— Garden  stufflB  and  fruits : 

Garden  stuff 

Fruits  ...  

Group  4.— Colonials: 

Sugar 

Law  of  budgets  of  1878-70,  transitory  duty 

Law  of  budgets  1878-79,  municipal  tax 

Cocoa  (Caracas)  and  its  kinds  (4(i) 

(40)  Note. — In  accordance  with  the  pnivisions  of  the 
law  of  budgets  of  1878-79,  cacao  coming  direct  from  for- 
eign places  other  than  European  will  pay  three  pesetas 
less  tnan  the  duty  assessed  in  this  tanfi; 

Law  of  budgets  1876-'77,  transitory  duty 

Law  of  budgets  1877-78,  municipal  charge 

Cocoa— Guayaquil  and  its  kinds  (40) 

Law  of  budgets  1876-'77,  transitory  duty 

Law  of  budgets  1877-78,  municipal  charge 

Coflioe 

Law  of  budgets  1876-'77,  transitory  duty 

Law  of  budgets  1878-79,  municipal  tax i do 

Ceylon  cinnamon  and  its  like do 

Law  of  budgets  of  1876-'77,  transitory  doty I do 

Law  of  budgets  1877-78,  municipal  tax I do 

Cinnamon  of  other  classes i do 


Kilogram 


Duty  for  the  na- 
tions. 


Without 
treaty. 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
do 

do 
do 
do 
do 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


40.00 

26.  oa 

14.00 
12.50 


0.31 

2.80 

15.00 

5.70 

66l00 

17.60 

3.00 

3.00 

1.50 

12.00 
3.00 


4.00 
&00 
4.32 
1.50 
6.48 
2. 25 
8.20 
4.80 
8.20 

1.25 
2.50 

32.25 
18.60 
13.60 
91.00 


16.00 
16.00 
56.00 
16. 00 
16.00 
60.00 
27.00 
27.00 
125.00 
80.80 
80.  FO 
60.00 


With 
treaty. 


4a  00 

26.00 
14.00 
12.50 


0.25 

2.80 

15.00 

5.70 

52.50 

12.70 

8.00 

3.00 

1.50 

11.00 
3.00 


3.40 
6.80 
4.20 
1.50 
6.00 
2.25 
3.20 
4.50 
a  10 

L20 
2.50 

25.25 
13.50 
13.50 
66.85 


16. 00 
16.00 
48.75 
16.00 
16.  OO 
44.00 
27.00 
27.00 
86.15 
80.80 
FO  80 
23.85 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEYEBAL   COUliTBIES. 


165 


Tcuif  of  the  Peniiuula  and  Balearic  Islands— -Contiimed, 


«256 
«2S6 

«2S7 


«S68 
««2S0 

#«200 

•  Ml 
«208 


#90 


9M 


«2i07 
«2«8 


e«270 

«271 
273 


371 

374 

275 
37« 

*n 

#278 

e#379 
e#280 
f#aBl 


Artiol< 


ClABB  Xn--Continaed. 

Oboup  i— Continued. 

Law  of  budgets  1876-'77,  transitorT  dnty 

Law  of  bndgeta  1877-78,  mnnioipal  tax 

Cloree 

Law  of  budgets  of  1875-'77,  transitory  du^. 

P^per 

Law  of  budgets  1875-*77,  transitory  duty. . . . 

Law  of  budgets  1877-78,  municipal  tax 

Tea 

Law  of  budgets  1876-77,  transitory  duty — 

Law  of  budgets  1877-78,  municipal  tax 

Oboup  6.— Oils  and  drinks : 

OliTooQ 

Brandy  ("aftuardtente") 

Law  of  budgets  1876-'77,  transitory  duty. ... 

Liquors 

Beer  and  cider , 


Wines,  sparklinff 

iUed  to 


Duty  to  oe  applied  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long 

as  the  treoty  with  France  shall  remain  in 

force. 

Wlnee  of  other  classes 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long  as 

the  treaty  shall  remain  in  force. 
Group  6.— Forages  and  seeds : 

Seeds  not  expressed,  and  tares 

Forages,  anu  bran 

Osoup  7.— Tarious : 

Preserves,  sausage-meats,  mustard,  and  sauces 

Ohocolste 

Sweetmeats 

Birgs 

Macaroni,  Termicelli,  for  soup,  alimentary  substan* 

oes,  bread,  and  biscuits. 

Cheese 

Honey  (41) 

(41)  NOTK.— By  this  article  will  be  appraised  honey 
and  molasses,  which  is  the  glutinous  residuum  of  a 
brownish  red,  more  or  less  dark,  of  a  sweetish  taste, 
but  a  little  sour,  the  remainder  of  the  crystalliration  of 
sugar;  weight  from  1,374  to  1,427  grams  the  liter,  and 
marks  from  40<'  to  41<'  at  16  centigrades,  Beaum6. 

CLA80  XUI.—Variou9. 

Timtrj  and  ornaments  of  all  classes,  except  of  gold 

or  sUyer. 
Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long  as 

the  treaty  shaU  remain  in  force. 
Amber,  horn,  Jet,  whalebone,  tortoise  shell,  coraL 

meerschaum,   ivory,   moth(^r-of- pearl,   and 

paate,  in  the  rough  or  cut,  although  in  strips 

or  plates. 
Amber,  jet»  tortoise  shell,  coral,  ivory,  and  mother-of« 

peaxl  worked  up. 
Hon,  whalebone,  meerschaum,  bone,  and  paste  in 

Imitation  of  the  materials  expressed  in  the 

pveoeding  article,  worked  up. 
Canes  and  st!cks  for  umbrellas  and  parasols  (42) 

(42)  NOTB.~8word  canes  shall  pay  the  duties  fixed 
for  fencing  Mades  as  well  as  those  fi^d  for  canes  with* 
out  blade. 

Buttons  of  all  clashes,  except  those  of  gold  or  silver. . 

Duty  to  be  sppUed  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long  as 
the  treaty  with  France  shall  remain  in  force. 

Cartridges  without  prqjectiles  or  ball  for  permitted 
fire-arms. 

Cartridges  with  prqjectile  or  ball  for  permitted  fire- 
arms. 

Caps  (percussion)  or  capsules  for  x>erroitted  fire-arras. 

Boxes  (ikncy)  of  fine  wood,  leather,  those  lined  with 
silk,  and  other  ones  of  the  kind,  with  or  with- 
out fittings,  for  writing,  sewing,  toilet,  per- 
fumery, cordials,  and  loands. 


Unit 


100  kilograms. 


...do.... 
...do.... 
...  do.... 
...  do.... 
...do.... 
Kilogram 
...do.... 
...  do.... 


100  kilograms 
Hectoliter  . . . . 

...  do 

Liter 

Hectoliter 

...do 

..  do 


Duty  for  the  na- 
tions. 


Without 
treaty. 


.do 
do 


100  kilograms. 
...do.Tr. 


Kilogram 

...dJ 

...do 

100  kilograms. 
do 


Pet^at. 

22.40 

22.40 

70.00 

22.40 

81.00 

22.40 

22.40 

1.60 

0.80 

0.80 

80.00 

20.00 

8.76 

1.00 

12.60 

160.00 


60.00 


L60 
0.60 


Kilogram 

100  ulograms. 


LOO 

0.90 

LOO 

0.66 

LOO 

0.86 

6.00 

6.00 

4.00 

1L86 

0.86 

0.86 

6.60 

&26 

Kilogram 

10.00 

9.17 

..  do 

6.00 

...do 

0.06 
12.60 

0.06 

...do 

6.86 

...do 

2.60 

2.60 

Per  hundred.. 

26.00 

16.00 

Kilogram 

...do 

2.00 

0.96 
0.60 

100  kilograms 

76^00 

46.85 

. ..do  ......... 

60.00 

176.00 
6.00 

22.90 

..do 

Kilogram 

140.66 
5.60 

With 
treaty. 


Petetoi. 

22.40 

22.40 

53.15 

22.40 

22.75 

22.40 

22.40 

0.60 

0.80 

0.80 

26.00 
17.85 
3.75 
0.76 
9.75 
76.85 
5.00 


2L67 
2.00 


L60 
0.46 


166 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Torijfof  ike  Penimula  and  Balearic  J«IaiMb— Continaed. 


O 


ll 


029 

284 
28» 


e287 

e288 

«280 

«290 
291 

292 


«294 


«285 
«2M 
«297 
«288 


«299 

800 


1 
2 


4 
6 


Artiolfls. 


Class  xm— <>mtinned. 

Cases  of  ordinary  wood,  card-board,  wickers,  and  the 

like,  witn  or  without  fittings  for  same  nse. 

India  mbber  and  gntta-percba  nnmanufactored 

India  mbber  and  gntta-percba  in  sheets,  threads,  and 

pipes. 
India  robber  and  eatta-percha  mannfactored  in  any 

form  and  oqjects. 
Oil-cloths,  oil-skins,  tarpaulin,  Ac.,  for  floors  and  for 

wrapping. 
Oil-cloths— oil-skins,  tarpaulin,  dx.,  of  the  other 

classes. 
Games  and  toys,  except  those  of  tortoise  shell,  iToty , 

mother-of-pearl,  gold  or  silTcr. 

Wicks  for  lam p^  and  candl  es 

Umbrellas  and  mirasols  lined  with  tsxtnres  of  silk. . . 
Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long  as 

the  treaty  with  France  shaU  subsist 

Umbrellas  and  parasols  lined  with  other  textures 

Duty  to  be  applied  to  nations  with  treaty  so  long  as 

the  treaty  with  France  shall  remain  in  force. 
Ornaments  of  silk  (43) 

(43)  NoTB. — Ornaments  of  silk  containing  more  than 
40  per  cent,  of  its  total  weight  of  said  material  shall  be 
assessed  as  silk  soods. 

Ornaments  of  wool  (43) 

(44)  NOTB. — Ornaments  containing  more  than  40  per 
cent,  of  its  total  weight  of  wool,  or  of  wool  and  silk, 
shall  be  assessed  as  woolen  goods. 

Ornaments— all  other  classes 

Oil  paintings 

Hats  and  caps  of  straw  ... 

Hats  trimmed  (45)  and  made  up  of  other  material 

(45)  NOTK.— In  the  clearance  of  felt  hats,  those  haying 
more  work  done  by  hand  than  is  indJsi>en8ablo  to  give 
it  shape  shall  be  considered  trimmed  and  mode  up. 

Hats  and  caps  nntrimmed 

Hats  and  caps,  of  all  classes  and  material— millinery. 
Elastic— fabrics  with  mixture  of  other  materials 


TARIVF  OF  KXPOBTATION. 

.    Cork,  in  the  rough,  fh>m  the  province  of  Oerona 

Old  rags,  of  linen,  cotton,  or  hemp,  and  used  effects 

of  the  same  materials. 
Sulphurets  of  lead  ("galenas")  (47) 

(46)  Note. — Shall  be  understood  as  silver  lead  and 
litnarges  those  containing  more  than  80  grams  of  silver 
per  each  100  kilograms  ot  lead. 

(47)  NoTB.— For  the  clearance  of  these  minerals  and 
metals,  and  to  Justify  their  importation  to  countries 
having  a  treaty  of  commerce,  the  rules  in  force  regard- 
ing the  matter  shall  be  enforced  so  long  as  the  treaty  of 
commerce  with  France  shall  remain  in  force,  when  they 
axe  exported  to  nations  with,  treaty. 

Argentiferous  leads  (see  notes  46-47) 

So  long  as  the  commercial  treaty  with  France  is  in 

force,  when  exported  to  countries  with  treaty. 

Argentiferous  litharges  (see  notes  46  and  47) 

So  long  as  the  commerciid  treaty  with  France  is  in 

force,  when  exported  to  countries  having 

commercial  treaty. 
AU  other  articles 


Unit. 


Kilogram 


100  kilograms. 
...do 


Kilogram 

100  kilograms. 

Kilogram 

. . .  .do  ......... 


...do 
Each 
..do 


Duties  for  the  na- 
tions. 


Without 
treaty. 


— do 

Kilogram 


do 


Kilogram 


..  do.... 

Each 

Kilogram 
Each 


...do.... 
Kilogram 


100  kilograms. 
. ...do  ......... 


100  kilograms. 


.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


Pe§eta». 
3.00 

5.10 
a  75 

L85 

82.50 

LOO 

L60 

1.64 
2.50 


L50 
12.60 

4.60 

4.50 

1.00 

15.00 

2.00 


LOO 
7.50 
8.00 


6.00 
4.00 

L25 


L25 


LOO 
L50 


xTee. 


With 
trea^. 


2.76 

&10 
0.7S 

L60 

2L66 

0.66 

L80 

0.78 
2.80 
L26 

L25 
a76 

7.60 


2.60 


2.00 

aoo 

12.50 
L88 


a92 
6.87 
2.76 


4.90 
4.00 

L26 


Free. 


0.88 
Free. 

L45 
Free. 


Free. 


The  vice-president  of  the  board  of  tariffs  and  valuations : 
Madbid,  Jvlif  23, 1882. 


SALYADOB  I«  ALBACETE. 


His  M%)esty  the  King  has  been  pleased  to  approve  these  tarlffiB. 
The  minister  of  finances : 

JUAN  FBANCISCO  CAHACHO. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE   8EVEBAL   C0UNTEIE8. 


167 


Tariff  of  ike  Ptminaula  and  Balearic  Islands — Continaed. 


i 

ii 


1 

3 
8 

4 
5 
6 
7 

a 

9 

10 
11 
13 
18 

14 
U 

le 

17 
18 
19 


20 
21 
22 
23 

24 


1 
2 

3 

4 
5 

« 

7 

S 
9 

10 
11 

12 
13 

14 
15 

le 

17 
18 
18 


20 
21 
22 
28 
24 
f& 
28 
27 

28 


Articles. 


Tasifp  No.  1. — For  the  payment  in  tpeeie  of  duHst  eor- 
rupimding  to  the  maUrial  eUared  by  railway  eompa- 
nU9  eommrehended  in  artide  94  of  the  Imdget  c^  law /or 
18T7-'78. 

▲BTICLBB. 


Bails  of  iron  and  stee] 

fish-plates  (placas  de  onion) 

Screws,  tenter  hooks,  &o ■ 

Iron  crossings,  points,  &c 

Shunts  of  iron  and  steel  and  loose  pieces  for  the  same  . . 

Tires  of  iron  and  steel  for  locomotiTes  and  teoders 

Iron  and  steel  wheels  for  looomotlyes  and  tenders,  with 

the  exception  of  tires  and  axles. 

Iron  and  steel  tires  for  carriages  and  wagons 

Iron  and  steel  wheels  for  the  same,  with  the  exception 

of  the  tires  and  axles. 

Axles  of  iron  and  steel  for  locomotiyes  and  tenders 

Same  for  carriages  and  wagons 

Cnshions  of  cast  iron 

Springs  of  steel  for  looomotiTes,  tenders,  coaches,  and 

wsgons. 

Iron  frames  fortmcks 

Iron  bnffers  for  coaches  and  wagons 

Ties  of  iron  for  the  same 

PieccMof  iron  for  bridges 

Iron  tarn  tables  (pi  at  forms ) ■ 

Carriages,  first  class,  for  travelers  (1) 

(1)  Note.— Mixed  carriages  shall  pay  according  to  the 
articles  corresponding  to  the  superior  chMs. 

Carriages,  second  class,  for  travelers  (see  note  1) 

Can  iages,  third  class,  for  travelers  (see  note  1) 

Wagons  of  all  classes 

Copper  tubes 

Spiral  springs  of  st^ 


Tariff  No.  2.— For  j^ayment  in  tpeeie  qf  duHee  eorre- 
epondinff  to  material  cleared  by  railway  eompaniee 
comprehended  in  arUele  19  ef  the  law  of  budget*  for 
187(^-'77. 


ABTICLKS. 


Balls  of  iron  and  steel 

Fish-plates    

Screws,  tenter-hooks,  Slc 

Iron  crossings,  points,  &c 

l^unts  of  iron  and  steel  complete,  and  loose  pieces  for 

tho  same. 

Tires  of  iron  and  steel  for  locomotives  and  tenders 

Iron  and  steel  wheels,  with  the  exception  of  the  tires 

and  axles. 

Iron  and  steel  tires  for  carriages  and  wagons 

Iron  and  steel  wheels  for  carriages  and  wagons,  with 

the  exception  of  the  tires  and  axles. 

Iron  and  steel  axles  for  locomotives  and  tenders 

Same  for  carriages  and  wagons 

Cnshions  of  cast  iron 

Springs  of  steel  for  locomotives,  tenders,  carriages,  and 

wagons. 

Iron  frames  for  wagons 

Iron  buffers  for  carriages  and  wagons 

Ties  of  iron  for  tho  same 

Pieces  of  iron  for  bridges *... 

Turntables  of  iron,  plat  form 

Carriages,  traveling,  first  class 

(I)  NoTX. — Mixea  carriages  will  pay  according  to  the 
article  corresponding  to  the  superior  class. 

Carriages,  traveling,  second  class  (see  note  1) 

Carriages,  traveling,  third  class  (see  note  1) 

Wsgons  of  all  classes 

Coppertubes '. 

^lial  springs  of  steel 

Brass  tubes  for  locomotives 

Copper,  in  pieces,  for  engines 

Iron  pieces  worked  up.  of  immediate  application  to  en- 

^es,  carriages,  and  buildings. 
Wrought  iron,  in  tubes,  for  steam  boilers 


Unit. 


100  kilograms 
do... 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


...do 
— do 


.do 

do 

do 

.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
do 
do 


do 
do 
do 
.do 
do 


100  kilograms 

W'Ao'.'.W'.V.'. 

...do 

...do 


...do 
...do 


do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
..do 
,.do 


.do 


Dnty  for  the  na- 
tions. 


Without 
treaty. 


Peeetae. 
2.30 
2.20 
8.08 
2.00 
4.60 
8.16 
2.15 

2.55 
L60 

4.75 
2.05 
1.60 
4.50 

5.50 
5.00 
8.80 
8.00 
8.80 
18.00 


10.00 
H.00 
5.00 

27.50 
0.60 


1.15 
LIO 
L54 
1.00 
2.25 

1.60 
LIO 

L80 
a  75 

2.85 
L50 

aso 

2.25 

2.75 
2.50 
LOO 
L50 
L65 
6.60 


5.00 

4.00 

2.50 

18.75 

4.80 

10.00 

12.50 

3.00 

LOO 


With 
treaty. 


Pesetas. 
L80 
L80 
2.75 
L75 
8.05 
2.85 
2.15 

2.55 
L50 

4.75 
2.05 
LOO 
4.50 

5.45 
4.65 
8.75 
8.00 
8.30 
18.00 


10.00 
&00 
5.00 

27.25 
5.75 


0.00 
0.90 
L85 
0.85 
L95 

L45 
LIO 

L80 
0.76 

2.85 
L60 
0.80 
2.25 

2.70 
2.35 
L85 
L60 
L65 
6.50 


5.00 

4.00 

2.50 

18.60 

2.85 

10.00 

12.50 

8.90 

LOO 


^ 


168 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


ToHffof  ike  PeninBula  and  BaUario  Islands — Contiuaed. 


J 


29 

80 
81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
40 


ArtiolM. 


Abticlba— CoDtiniied. 


Weigfalnc  mftohines 

Wire  for  telegraphs 

Poles  for  telegraphs 

Supports  for  the  same 

Apparatus  for  transmissioD  and  reception  for  the  same. 

Crossings  of  wood 

Lamps  for  engines  and  coaches,  and  hand  lamps 

Water  tanks.. 

Dislcs  for  signals 

Tubes  for  carrying  water  to  the  tanks,  and  for  letting  it  out 

Common  implements  for  the  road 

Clocks,  to  be  placed  on  the  fronts  of  railway  stations. . . 


Unit 


Doty  for  the 
tions. 


Without 
treaty. 


...  do 

..do.  

Cubic  meter  . . 
100  kilograms. 

...  do..T 

Cubic  meter  . . 
100  kilograms. 
....do... 


do 

do 

.do 

do 


Petetoi. 
6.00 
2.10 
2.60 
&00 
1.00 
2.50 
4.00 
1.70 
8.00 
0.80 
8.25 
6.25 


With 
treaty. 


Petetag, 
5.00 

2.10 
2.50 
5.00 
LOO 
2.50 
4.00 
1.70 
8.00 
0.80 
8.25 
6.25 


Tariff  of  duties  of  regalia  on  iohacooes  on  their  introduction  into  the  kingdon^f  approved  by 

order  of  the  regency  of  the  kingdom  October  18,  1870. 


Duties  of 
r^alia. 


1 
2 
8 

4 
5 


7 
8 


9 
10 

11 
12 
18 


Snuft  product  of  and  proceeding  fN>m  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico 

Powaered  tobacco,  of  and  proceeding  from  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico 

Cigars,  in  boxes,  including  for  payment  the  duty  on  the  weight  of  these, 

of  and  from  Cuba  and  Porto  Kico. 

Cigars,  loose,  of  and  from  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico 

Cigarettes  (cigarrillos)  of  paper  and  loose  tobacco  ("picadura"),  and 

from  Porto  Rico,  including  for  duty  the  weight  of  the  paper  and  tin 

or  lead  sheet  in  which  they  come. 
Cigars,  product  of  Cuba  ana  Porto  Rico,  proceeding  from  foreign  ports, 

mcluding  for  payment  the  weight  of  the  ooxes  containing  them. 

Cigars,  loose,  fh>m  foreign  countries 

Cigarettes  and  cut  tobacco,  product  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  proceeding 

from  foreign  ports,  includmg  for  duty  the  weight  of  the  paper  and  tin 
or  lead  sheet  containing  them. 

Snuff,  of  foreign  production 

ForeLzn  tobacco,  made  into  cigars,  cigarettes,  cut  ("orbrun"),  whatever 

be  we  place  from  whence  they  come. 

(Tusas) ,  small  cigar  covered  with  comhusks 

Cigars,  product  of  and  proceeding  from  the  Philippine  Islands 

Cigarettes  and  cut  tobacco,  product  of  and  proceeding  ftom  the  Philip- 
pine Islands. 
Excess  of  register 

NoncB  1.— The  country  of  which  tiie  tobacco  is  a  production,  and  the 
direct  port  from  which  it  proceeds,  must  be  established  according  to  the 
tariff  and  customs  regulanons. 

2d.  The  clearance  payment  of  duty,  and  the  incidents  which  may  occur 
on  the  introduction  of  tobacco,  shall  be  sut^ect  to  the  same  regulaAions. 


18.25 
14.00 


10.75 
16.85 

2L5a 
9.75 
6.50 


CUSTOMS  DTJTIES  OF  SPADT. 


REPORT  BT  CONSUL  MAR8T0N,  OP  MALAGA. 

As  there  seems  to  be  a  general  movement  being  made  by  European 
Governments  against  the  excessive  dnties  upon  imports  into  Spanish 
ports,  I  have  the  honor  to  report  to  the  Department  of  State  apon  the 
subject  of  duties  collected  at  Malaga  upon  articles  imported  into  Spain 
flrom  the  United  States,  as  well  as  upon  some  articles  upon  which  heavy 
duties  are  exacted,  but  which  are  almost  wholly  supplied  by  England 
and  other  European  markets. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SBVERAL  COUNTRIES.         169 

I  am  informed  that  a  direct  effort  is  being  made  by  England  to  nego- 
tiate a  commercial  treaty  with  Spain ,  with  a  view  of  i^ucing  these 
heavy  duties  npon  English  productions,  and  while  there  are  exorbitant 
duties  charged  upon  goods  produced  in  England,  the  United  States  suf- 
fers equally  upon  certain  classes  of  goods  imported  into  Spain,  notably 
in  x)etroleum,  provisions,  and  canned  goods,  as  well  as  on  many  classes 
of  goods  which  are  produced  and  manufactured  by  us,  the  importation 
of  which  is  prevented  by  the  excessive  duties  imi)os^. 

There  is  also  besides  customs  duties  an  <^  octroi "  (or  consumers')  duty, 
as  it  is  called,  which  is  a  tax  imposed  and  collected  before  the  goods  can 
be  dcJivered.  This  "  octroi"  duty  is  enormously  high,  and  of  which  no 
mention  is  made  in  the  published  customs  tariff  of  Spain. 

I  will  include  in  this  report  the  following  articles  with  duties,  customs, 
octroi,  &c.,  imposed  upon  each,  viz : 

Petroleum  (refined  and  benzine). — One  box  of  petrolevm  contains  two 
cans  weighing,  oil  included,  32  kilograms.  The  invoice  price  of  the  box 
is  about  32  reals  vellon.  The  Spanish  duties  are :  customs,  at  22  reals 
vellon  per  100  kilograms,  are  7.04  reals  vellon ;  transitory,  at  15  reals 
vellon  per  100  kilograms,  are  4.80  reals  vellon ;  extraordinary  (imposed 
by  order  July  31, 1880),  are  22.08  reals  vellon ;  total  customs  duty  are 
33.02  reals  vellon,  equal  to  106  per  cent.  I  To  this  must  be  added  octroi 
dues  at  28.48  reals  vellon,  which  makes  a  total  of  195  per  cent. 

Hams  and  dry  salted  meat, — ^The  customs  duty  is,  comparatively  speak- 
ing, not  very  heavy,  say  0.23  reals  vellon  per  kilogram,  but  the  octroi 
is  1.60  reals  vellon  per  kilogram,  or  seven  times  the  amount  of  customs 
duty. 

8alm(mj  lobster,  and  soups  in  tins. — ^A  one  pound  tin  weighs  0.550  kilo- 
gram ;  price  36.25  reids  vellon  per  dozen.  The  customs  duty  on  the 
dozen,  at  4  reals  vellon  per  kilogram,  is  26.40  reals  vellon,  or  70  per  cent. 
Add  to  this  the  octroi,  8.32  reals  vellon,  and  it  becomes  95|  per  cent,  on 
the  oiiginal  cost ! 

Preserved  provisions  J  pickles  J  sauces,  &c.,  pay  customs  duty  4  reals  vellon 
per  kilogram ;  the  tins,  jars,  or  bottles  in  which  they  are  packed  are  in- 
cluded in  the  weight  and  no  tare  is  allowed.  On  pickles  especially  this 
is  exorbitant.  One  bottle  of  pickles  weighs  a  few  grams  more  than  a 
Ulogram,  and  its  cost,  at  $2  per  dozen,  is  3.33  reals  vellon,  and  it  pays 
for  customs  duty  4  reals  vellon  or  120  per  cent,  on  the  cost.  There  is 
^  an  octroi  duty  to  be  added  to  the  foregoing  of  1.44  reals  vellon,  or 
^  per  cent.,  which  makes  a  total  duty  of  163  per  cent,  on  the  cost  of  the 
goods! 

Jams  Jellies,  and  preserves  pay  4  reals  vellon  the  kilogram,  tins  or  jars 
JBduded.  One  pot  of  jam  weighs  0.360  kilogram ;  the  dozen  costs  about 
11^  or  31.25  reals  vellon,  and  the  customs  duty  amounts  to  25.44  reals 
vellon,  being  81  per  cent.  Add  to  this  13  20  reals  vellon  for  octroi  dues 
aiHl  the  article  stands  charged  with  123^  per  cent,  on  the  cost  price! 

hardware  (of  iron  and  steel)  and  tin  plates  pays  from  0.30  reals  vellon 
to  20  reals  vellon  the  kilogram.  Although  Spain  is  a  country  possess- 
es untold  mineral  wealth,  the  high  cost  of  fuel  has  always  been  a  seri- 
ous impediment  to  most  of  her  ores  being  pi-ofitably  smelted  here.  Spain 
18  consequently  dependent  upon  foreign  countries,  chiefly  England,  for 
n^  supplies  of  hardware  and  for  agricultural  implements  and  machinery^ 
dnd  I  consider  that  with  proper  encouragement  the  United  States  could 
supply  with  advantage  to  both  countries  whatever  may  be  required  in 
this  branch  of  trade.  The  iron  works,  found  lies,  &c.,  now  existing  are 
80  few  and  insignificant,  that  any  refusal  on  the  part  of  this  country  to 
lower  the  duties  on  foreign  metal  manufactures  on  the  ground  of  pro- 


i 


170  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEBAL   COUNTRIES. 

tection  due  to  native  industry  would  certainly,  to  say  the  least,  be  out 
of  place. 

Apart  from  the  various  articles  produced  or  extensively  manufactured 
in  Spain  upon  which  high  protection  duties  are  levied,  such  as  cotton 
and  woolen  goods,  bar  iron,  &c.,  there  are  an  infinity  of  articles  which 
are  taxed  in  the  Spanish  customs  tariff  with  exorbitant  duty,  notwith- 
standing many  of  them  are  neither  produced  nor  manufactured  to  any 
important  extent  in  Spain,  and  upon  which  a  reduction  of  duty  might 
be  made,  to  the  advantage  of  both  the  United  States  and  Spain,  upon 
the  proper  representation  of  facts. 

Copper^  br<M8j  or  gun  metal  articles  pay  5  reals  vellon  per  kilogram, 
and  if  plated  or  lacquered  10  reals  vellon  per  kilogram. 

Coals. — The  duty  on  this  article  was  formerly  6  reals  vellon  per  ton 
of  1,000  kilograms.  About  three  years  ago  the  duty  was  doubled,  and 
it  now  pays  10  reals  vellon.  This  increase  in  duty  was  made  to  appease 
the  clamor  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Spanish  mines,  and  the  Government 
also  promised  that  Spanish  coals  alone  should  be  used  on  board  their 
ships  of  war,  but  the  article  is  so  dear  and  so  inferior  in  quality  that  a 
short  time  ago  the  Spanish  navy  recommended  burning  English  coals. 
The  duty  amounts  to  26  per  cent  on  the  prime  cost  of  the  article. 

OUissware. — Wine  bottles  of  common  green  glass  pay  0.32  reals  vellon 
per  kilogram.  One  gross  costs  80  reals  vellon,  and  weighs  106  kilo- 
grams; the  duty  is  therefore  34  reals  vellon  or  about  43  per  cent,  on  the 
cost;  but  bottles  of  common  white  blown  glass  are  charged  with  the 
same  duty  as  the  finest  cut  flint  glass,  which  amounts  to  1.80  reals  vel- 
lon per  kilogram. 

Sugar  pays  customs  duty  per  kilogram,  1.29  reals  vellon;  municipal 
duty  per  kilogram,  54  reals  vellon;  transitory  duty  per  kilogram,  54 
reafs  vellon;  total  customs  duty,  2.37  reals  vellon.  One  cwt.  or  50.79 
kilograms  costs,  say,  142.40  reals  vellon;  one  kilogram  is  worth  2.80 
reals  vellon,  and  with  2.37  reals  vellon  upon  this  amount  for  duty,  is 
equal  to  84  per  cent. 

Tea  pays  custom  duty,  per  kilogram,  6  reals  vellon ;  municipal  duty, 
per  kilogram,  3.20  reals  vellon;  transitory  duty,  per  kilogram,  3.20  reals 
vellon;  total  customs  duty,  per  kilogram,  12.40  reals  vellon. 

On  low-priced  teas  this  duty  is  enormously  high. 

Coffee  pays  customs  duty,  per  kilogram,  2  reals  vellon ;  municipal 
duty,  per  kilogram,  1.08  reals  vellon;  transitory  duty,  per  kilogram, 
1.08  reals  vellon;  total  customs  duty,  per  kilogram,  4.16  reals  vellon. 

The  duties  on  coffee  amount  to  about  39  per  cent,  on  cost. 

Candles  of  all  kinds  pay  for  customs  duty  2  reals  vellon  per  kilogram, 
being  about  23  per  cent.  But  they  are  also  charged  with  an  octroi  duty 
of  3.40  reals  vellon  per  kilogram. 

One  pound  parafiine  candles  costs  nbout  4.20  reals  vellon,  and  pays 
duty  (octroi)  1.70  reals  vellon  or  39  per  cent 

Biscuit  pays  customs  duty  at  4  reals  vellon  per  kilogram,  including 
the  tin,  and  if  shipped  loose  in  a  cask  the  same  rate  of  duty  is  charged 
on  the  cask.  This  is  an  enormous  charge,  and  it  renders  all  but  impos- 
sible the  importation  of  the  low-priced  English  biscuits,  which  are  the 
kind  most  used.  For  instance,  a  No.  2  tin  of  English  ^Munch"  biscuits 
weighs  1.350  kilograms,  and  costs  about  4.60  reals  vellon:  the  customs 
duty  is  5.40  reals  vellon  or  117  per  cent. ;  to  this  must  be  auded  an  octroi 
duty  of  2.84  reals  vellon  or  62  per  cent,  making  a  total  of  179  i>er cent! 

Boots  and  shoes  pay  35  reals  vellon  per  kilogram,  being  about  25  per 
cent,  on  cost. 

Brushes  of  all  kinds  are  charged  duty  according  to  the  materials  of 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         171 

wbich  the  bandies  are  made:  if  of  wood  they  pay  4.48  reals  vellon;  if 
of  bone  10  reals  vellon,  and  ii  of  ivory  or  of  tortoise  shell  50  reals  vellon 
per  kilogram. 

Toy9j  of  whatever  material  other  than  gold,  silver,  tortoise  shell, 
ivory,  or  mother  of  pearl,  pay  duty  6  reals  vellon  per  kilogram;  two 
dozen  toys  weighing  16  kilograms,  and  costing  120  reals  vellon,  are 
charged  with  96  reals  vellon  for  dnty,  being  80  per  cent.! 

Piuirma^ceuticdl  and  diemical  products  pay  from  0.06  reals  vellon  to  120 
reals  vellon  per  kilogram.  Galcined  or  citrated  magnesia  pays  4  reals 
vellon  per  kilogram  or  37  per  cent.  The  bottles  are  included  in  the 
weight  and  no  tare  is  allowed. 

(^Unrs  derived  £rom  coal  and  other  artificial  colors  pay  10  reals  vellon 
l>er  kilogram. 

Perfumery  pays  a  dnty  of  8  reals  vellon  per  kilogram.  Two  packets 
of  Windsor  soap,  weigh  about  one  kilogram,  and  cost  14  reals  vellon; 
the  dnty  therefore  is  equal  to  57  per  cent.  The  same  dnty  is  levied  on 
lower-priced  scented  soaps,  but  o£  good  quality,  such  as  glycerine  in 
bars,  it  amounts  to  113  to  140  per  cent,  on  the  cost  price! 

SpiriiSj  coffnae^  gin^  <£e.,  pay  duties,  viz:  customs,  80  reals  vellon  per 
hectoliter;  customs  (on  barrel)  40  reals  vellon  per  100  kilograms;  transi- 
tory, 15  reals  vellon  per  hectoliter;  octroi,  26  reals  vellon  per  hectoliter. 

WineSy  French^  not  sparklingj  in  bottles  of  0.70  liter,  weighing  0.777 
kilograms  each  bottle.  Customs  on  wine  24  reals  vellon  per  hectoliter; 
castoms  on  bottles  32  reals  vellon  per  100  kilograms;  octroi,  25  reals 
vellon  i>er  hectoliter. 

Wines^  French^  sparkling^  pay  duties  same  as  above,  calculating  each 
bottle  to  hold  0.80  liter,  and  to  weigh  1  kilogram. 

Wines  J  not  French  and  not  sparkling  ^  asfollotjcs^  viz:  Customs,  import, 
on  wine  2  reals  vellon  per  liter;  customs,  import,  on  casks  40  reals  vellon 
per  100  kilograms ;  octroi  added,  25  reals  vellon  per  hectoliter. 

Wines,  not  French^  sparkling^ — Customs  on  wines  6  reals  vellon  per 
liter;  customs  on  bottles  32  reals  vellon  per  100  kilograms;  octroi 
adde^  25  reals  vellon  per  hectoliter. 

Woolens. — ^Woolen  cloths  pay  32  reals  vellon  per  kilogram;  blanket- 
ing, 10  reals  vellon  per  kilogram;  carpeting,  7  reals  vellon  per  kilo- 
gram. Bugs  are  charged  as  skins  (article  187  of  tariff) ;  the  dozen  cost, 
say,  740  reals  vellon,  and  weigh  24  kilograms.  They  pay  duty  at  36 
reals  vellon  per  kilogram,  864  reals  vellon,  equal  to  117  per  cent,  on 
cost  price! 

Wearing  apparel^  woolen^  pays  32  reals  vellon  per  kilogram;  and  one- 
half  extra  when  made  up. 

I  have  given  above  a  complete  list  of  import  duties  imposed  by  the 
Spanish  Government  on  certain  classes  of  goods,  but  I  would  refer  more 
particularly  to  what  is  called  transitory  and  municipal  duties,  as  well  as 
to  the  octroi  already  referred  to,  all  combined  proving  a  great  barrier 
to  an  active  export  of  manufactured  goods  from  the  United  States. 

A  short  time  since,  in  order  to  apparently  yield  to  the  many  applica- 
tions of  other  Governments  for  a  reduction  of  the  Spanish  duties,  they 
agreed  to  discontinue  what  was  then  known  as  the  ^^  surcharge^  duty, 
but  in  its  stead  they  applied  others  which  are  represented  in  this  letter, 
but  the  existence  of  which  are  realized  only  on  the  arrival  of  the  mer- 
chandise at  the  port  of  destination. 

H.  0.  MAR8TON, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Malaga^  Spain, , . 


172 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


SXPOBT  DUTIES  OF  8PAIH. 


REPORT  BY  C0N8VL  OPPENHEIM. 


I  have  received  on  the  19th  instant  a  circular  letter  from  the  State 
Department  dated  Febmary  15, 1883;  said  circular  calls  for  a  table  or 
schedule  of  all  export  duties  levied  in  Spain,  and  in  pursuance  to  its 
directions  I  herewith  inclose  a  statement  containing  the  information 
required. 

BtaUmmt  showing  duUe$  levied  upon  exports  from  Spain  to  foreign  countries. 


ArtiolM. 


Daty  when  exported 


Coontriee  {  Conntriee 

having  no  {    having  a 

commercial  commercial 


treaty 
with  Spain. 


1.  Corkwood,  when  it  is  tiie  prodnct  of  the  province  of  Qenma,  per  100  kilo- 

grams  

2.  Bags,  of  linen,  cotton,  or  hemp,  also  old  clothing  or  other  articles  made  of 

these  materials per  100  kilograms. . 

8.  Galena do 

Whilst  the  convention  with  France  is  in  force,  when  exported  to  countries 

having  a  commercial  treaty  with  Spain per  100  kilograms. . 

i.  Argentuerons  lead do 

Whilst  the  convention  with  France  is  in  force,  when  exported  to  countries 

having  a  commercial  treaty  with  Spain per  100  kilograms. . 

5.  Argentiferoos  litharge do 

Whilst  the  convention  with  France  is  in  force,  when  exported  to  countries 
having  a  commercial  treaty  with  Spsin per  100  kilograms. 


Petetat. 

5.00 

4.00 
L25 


treaty 
with  Spain. 


LOO 


1.60 


Pesefcu. 
4.80 


Free. 


Free. 


Free. 


4.00 
1.25 


0.06 


1.45 


Note. — Argentiferous  lea<l  and  argentiferous  litharge  are  only  sub- 
ject to  above  duties  if  they  contain  more  than  thirty  grams  of  silver  in 
every  hundred  kilograms :  otherwise  they  are  free. 

ERNEST  L.  OPPENHEIM, 

Consul. 
United  States  Consulate, 

CadiZj  March  21, 1883. 


POBTUGAIi. 
EZPOBT  DUTIES  DT  POBTUGAL. 


REPORT  BY  MINISTER  FRANCIS. 


I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  Department  circular, 
dated  February  15, 1883,  requesting  a  ^^  table  or  schedule  of  all  export 
duties  levied  in  Portugal,"  &c. 

I  inclose  herewith  the  schedule  requested.  It  will  be  observed  that 
the  export  duties  of  Portugal  are  light.  In  the  year  1880,  the  latest  de- 
tailed returns  being  for  that  year,  there  was  collected  on  account  of  ex- 
port duty  on  cattle  and  other  living  animals  $40,222 ;  cork- wood,  $41,918 : 
wine,  $60,807 ;  vegetable  productions,  $25,693.  Other  articles  uenied 
in  the  schedule  paid  smaller  amounts. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  173 

The  costoms  returns  for  the  year  1881  and  1882  (ending  December  31) 
present  the  following  aggregates:  ^ 

*  ImportatioDB: 

1881 $38,675,332 

1«82 39,297,860 

t  £xpoit  Talaes : 

1881 22,252,030 

isaa 26,725,261 

ImportatioDB: 

1881 11,635,659 

1882 12,793,092 

Export  datiee: 

1881 46i,701 

1882 525,545 

It  will  be  seen  that  there  was  a  considerable  increase  of  yalues,  and 
augmentation  of  duties  collected,  in  1882  over  the  preceding  year. 

The  value  of  wine  exported  from  Portugal  in  1882  is  set  down  at 
#109177448,  being  about  40  per  cent,  in  value  of  the  entire  exportations 
of  the  country.  The  exportation  of  wine  to  France  has  largely  inci*eased 
since  the  appearance  of  the  phylloxera  in  the  vineyards  of  the  Bordeaux 
district.  The  importation  of  Portuguese  wine  to  France  in  1876  was 
61,000  hectoliters.  During  the  first  nine  months  of  1881,  as  reported  by 
the  Portuguese  consul  at  Bordeaux,  it  was  171,292  hectoliters.  It  is 
alleged  that  this  wine  is  prepared  or  ^^  doctored"  for  that  purpose,  and 
sent  into  the  markets  of  the  world  as  the  genuine  French  article.  It  is 
suggested  that  wine  purchased  secretly  ^m  manufacturers  or  dealers 
ill  Portugal  would  assure  a  purer  article  at  prices  considerably  less  than 
the  cost  of  the  French  preparation  from  the  same  wine. 

The  value  of  cork- wood  exported  from  Portugal  in  1881  was  $2,164,152, 
of  which  $502,764  worth  was  shipped  to  the  United  States,  England 
only  leading  us  in  the  purchase  of  this  article.  The  cork- wood  expor- 
tations of  1882  were  of  the  value  of  $2,631,820. 

The  other  largest  exports  for  the  year  1882  were  cattle  and  other 
living  animals,  $2,944,751 ;  ores,  chiefly  copper,  $1,695,280;  vegetable 
productions,  $1,949,985 ;  and  fish  $469,800. 

JOHN  M.  FEANCIS. 

Lbgation  of  the  United  States, 

Lisbon,  March  24,  1883. 


Table  0/ diUies  levied  an  ffierokandiee  exported  flrom  the  Portugueee  Kingdom, 

On  foreign  merohandise  which  has  been  deposited  in  the  castom-hoose,  li  per  cent, 
ad  valorem. 

On  merchandise  of  Portngnese  origin,  with  the  exception  of  snch  articles  as  are 
mentioned  in  the  following  table,  1  to  1|  per  cent. 

Grain  (cereals  of  all  kinds),  free. 
Corks,  mannfactored  ready  for  nse,  free. 
Product  of  national  mines,  free. 

B«iB. 

Oxen per  head..  1$500 

Swine •-. •- do....      309 

Sheep  and  goats ^do 50 

Oysters per  cubic  meter..      300 

Hides,  for  tanning per  kilogram..        30 

*  For  consumption. 

t  National  produce  of  continent  and  adjacent  islands. 


174 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEHAL   COUNTRIES. 


Bark,  for  taDning per  kilogram..  2 

Cork,  vigin  and  scraps per  15  kilograms..  5 

Cork,  roaghor  Id  shreds    do 30 

Cork do....  100 

Rags '. I>er  kilogram..  30 

Broken  glass do 25 

Gold  coin  in  bars,  and  nnmannfactared do 5$000 

Silver  coin  in  bars,  and  nnmannfactared do 500 

Wine* per  decaliter..  7 

Beer,  cider,  and  bydromel do 7 

Angelica,  brandy,  and  all  distilled  liqaors do 14 

Vinegar do 3| 


CHAHOES  nr  POBTUOUESE  TARIFF. 

Under  date  of  October  21,  Consul  Du  Pont-Syle,  of  Fnnchal,  transmits 
a  report  concerning  some  recent  changes  in  the  Portuguese  tariff  affect- 
ing the  imports  into  the  colony  of  Madeira.  The  change  applies  to 
tariff  on  packages  (coverings),  and,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  list  hereto 
appended,  increases  the  duty  on  many  articles  of  import  from  the  United 
States,  the  principal  ones  being  wheat,  corn,  flour,  and  kerosene: 


Claasiflcation. 


1.  Twilled  cotton  bags,  oontaining  cereftls 

and  legnmes. 

2.  Twilled   cotton  bags,  containing  other 

articles. 

3.  Plain  cotton  bags,  containing  cereals  and 

legames. 

4.  Plain  cotton  bags,  containing  other  arti- 

cles. 

5.  Flax  bags,  containing  cereals  Mid  legnmet . 

6.  Flax  bags,  containing  other  articles 

7.  Bales  of  flax  materiiu 

8.  Vessels  and  boxes  of  wood 


9.  Teasels  and  boxes  of  tin 

10.  Vessels  and  boxes  of  zinc  or  cast  iron . . . 

11.  Vessels  and  boxes  of  wrought  iron 

12.  Vessels  and  boxes  of  copper  and  brass. . . 
18.  Vessels  of  blown  or  cast  glass  (except  as 

in  No.  14). 
14.  Vessels  of  common  glass,  black,  green,  or 
yellow. 

16.  Crockery 

16.  Crockery.flne    

Fine  clay  Teasels 

China  yessels 

Trunks  anfl  portmanteaus,  except  those 
with  baggage. 


17. 
18. 
19. 


Exterior  coverings. 


Interior  coverings. 


Bate. 


Ad  valorem 
— do  ....... 

...do 

...do 


do 
do 
do 
do 


Kilograms 

...do 

...do 

...do 

do 


do 


...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Ad  valorem 


Duty. 


Percent 
60 

10 

60 

10 

60 

10 

10 

10 
Beii. 
120 

80 

80 
200 
100 


2 

75 

100 

200 

25  per  cent. 


Bate. 


Each 

,  ...do 

do .. 

— do 

...  .do  ■ ..... 

...do 

. ..  do 

Ad  valorem 

Kilograms . 

— do 

do 

do 

....do 

do  ...... 

.  ...do 

do 

— do 

. . .  do  . :  — 
Ad  valorem 


Duty. 


BH: 

240 

240 

140 

60 

60 

80 

80 
25  per  cent. 
Eeie. 
120 

80 

80 
200 
100 


2 

76 

100 

200 

25  per  cent. 


*  Wiue  pays  an  additional  duty,  as  foUows  :  On  eveiy  534  liters  exported  by  land, 
2  per  cent,  ad  valorem  on  an  assnmed  value  of  30  mil-reis ;  on  every  534  liters  ex- 
ported by  sea,  2  per  cent,  ad  valorem  on  an  assumed  value  of  40  mil-reis,  and  100  mil- 
reis  on  those  wnich  have  passed  the  octroi  barriers  of  Porto.  Wine  produced  in 
Madeira,  shipped  to  Portugueseports,  pays  1,800  reis  on  every  390  liters,  and  on  thai 
shipped  to  foreign  countries,  4,800  reis  on  every  390  liters. 


TARIFFS    OP   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  175 


ITAIi  Y. 
OEHE&AL  TAEIFF  OF  HALT. 

MEPORT  OF  CONSUL  ORAIK,  OF  MILAN. 

I  inclose  herewith  a  schedule  of  Italian  import  and  export  duties  now 
in  force. 

The  duties  entitled  <^  general"  are  those  of  the  Italian  general  tariff; 
those  designated  "  conventional "  are  prescribed  by  the  treaty  of  com- 
merce between  Italy  and  Austria- Hungary,  and  are  applicable  to  mer- 
chandise from  all  countries  which  by  treaty  with  Italy  have  "  the  treat- 
ment of  the  most  favored  nations." 

The  following  is  a  r^umS  of  the  several  acts  by  which  this  schedule 
of  duties  was  established : 

At  the  expiration  of  the  special  customs  treaties  which  had  existed 
between  Italy  and  France,  Austria,  and  Switzerland,  the  Italian  Par- 
liament, by  the  law  of  May  30, 1878,  enacted  the  general  tariff.  By  the 
treaty  of  commerce  concluded  between  Italy  and  Austria-Hungary,  De- 
cember 27, 1878,  many  import  duties  were  modified  and  some  export 
duties  abolished.  The  last-mentioned  duties  were  also  abolished  in 
the  general  tariff  by  the  law  of  January  31, 1879,  by  which  the  said 
treaty  was  approved.  The  same  law  also  abolished  the  import  duty  on 
dried  chicory,  aud  gave  power  to  the  Executive  to  reform  the  general 
tariff  as  to'hemp,  fax,  and  jute,  which  was  done  by  the  royal  decree  of 
January  31,  1879. 

By  the  law  of  July  25, 1879,  the  general  tariff  was  modified  as  to  sugars, 
confectionery,  preserves,  chocolate,  coffee,  pepper,  and  cinnamon,  and 
on  citrohs  and  limes,  though  preserved  in  salt  water. 

By  the  act  of  July  19, 1880,  the  import  duties  on  mineral  and  rosin  oils 
were  increased,  and  by  a  law  of  July  23, 1881,  the  export  duties  on  cattle, 
sheep,  goats,  swine,  fresh  meat,  poultry,  and  cheese  were  abolished. 

The  labor  of  compiling  the  schedule  has  been  considerable,  Inasmuch 
as  no  reprint  in  the  Italian  text  contains  the  modifications  introduced  by 
Italian  legislation  since  1879.  I  inclose  the  latest  Government  reprint, 
in  which  it  will  be  observed  I  have  noted  these  modifications. 

I  deem  it  important  to  direct  attention  to  certain  internal  taxes  on 
manufactures,  termed  ^^  sopratasse,"  which  are  extended  to  the  same 
articles  when  imported,  as  follows : 

By  a  law  of  September  25, 1870,  a  tax  of  4  francs  per  hectoliter  is  im- 
posed on  ^<  aerated  waters." 

By  act  of  June  3, 1874,  amended  July  19, 1880,  the  heavy  tax  of  60 
centimes  per  degree  and  per  hectoliter  is  imposea  on  alcohol  in  casks 
or  barrels,  and  for  alcohol  in  bottles  the  tax  is  42  centimes  per  liter. 

By  the  same  law  of  June  3, 1874,  a  tax  of  9.G0  lire  per  hectoliter  is  im- 
posed on  beer,  with  the  option,  however,  to  the  importer  to  pay  60  centimes 
per  degree  and  per  hectoliter  instead. 

The  law  of  June  3, 1874,  amended  by  that  of  July  26, 1874,  establishes 
a  ^*  sopratassa"  of  30  lire  the  quintal  on  chicory. 

By  the  law  of  May  30, 1878,  the  10  per  cent,  war  duty,  5  per  cent,  for- 
warding  dues,  and  statistic  rights  were  abolished. 

As  the  conventional  tariff  negotiated  by  the  commissioners  of  France 
and  Italy  has  as  yet  been  ratified  by  neither  nation,  and  as  its  fate  is 
altogether  uncertain,  I  have  not  thought  it  useful  to  consider  it. 


176 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


I  transmit  to  the  Department  by  book  post  (on  account  of  their  size 
and  weight)  the  following  printed  documents,  viz:  Law  of  May  30, 1878, 
embodying  the  '*tariflfa  generate ;"  law  of  January  31, 1879,  embodying 
and  giving  execution  to  the  treaty  of  commerce  and  navigation  of  De- 
cemW  27, 1878,  between  Italy  and  Austria-Hungary  ;  royal  decree  of 
January  31, 1879  j  law  of  July  25,  1879;  and  law  of  July  19, 1880. 

DUNHAM  J.  GRAIN, 

ConsuL 
United  States  Consuulte, 

Milan,  March  Uyl8S2. 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports. 


1 


7 


S 


9 


Articles. 


Cateoobt  I. 

Waten,  mineral,  natural,  artifloial,  or  aerated 
Waters,  mineral,  natnial,  or  artificial,  are 

those  intended  only  for  medicinal  use. 
Wince: 

In  casks  or  barrels 

In  bottles    

Bottles  containing  fermented  beyerases  pay 
as  if  containing  a  liter,  although  contain  mg  a 
less  quantity  of  liquid ;  botUes  containmg 
more  than  a  liter  and  not  more  than  two  pay 
at  rate  of  two  bottles,  and  this  rule  applies  to 
bottles  of  greater  capacity.  It  makes  no  dif- 
ference if  the  vessels  have  a  form  other  than 
tbat  of  bottles  (dem^ohns,  SiO.),  or  if  they  are 
made  of  clay  or  material  other  than  glass. 
Common  vinegar : 

In  casks  or  barrels 

In  bottles 

Beer: 

In  casks  or  barrels 

In  bottles 

Spirits: 

Pure,  in  c^isks  or  barrels 

Sweetened    or    aromatized,    comprising 
rum,  brandv,  dec,  in  casks  or  barrels. 

In  bottles  of  any  kind  exceeding  one- 
half  a  liter,  but  not  over  a  liter. 

Of  whatever  kind,  in  bottles  of  half  a 
liter  or  less. 

Sther  or  chloroform 

Oils  (usual  qualities) : 

Olive  oil 

Not  named 

Mineral  and  resinous  oils,  except  those  of  tnr* 
pontine : 
The  duty  on  mineral  oils  must  be  paid  with* 
out  deduction  of  any  tare,  either  of  interior 
or  exterior  cases. 

Crude,  in  c«sks,  barrels,  creases 

Rectified,  in  casks  or  bsirels 

Kectified,  in  stagnoni  or  bottles 

Crude,  in  stagnoni  or  bottles..^ 

Oils,  volatile  or  essences : 

The  duty  on  volatile  oils  or  essences  must 
be  paid  without  deduction  of  weight  of  the 
immediate  recipients  or  vessels  containing 
them. 

Rose 

Orange  and  its  varieties 

Not  named 


Unit. 


Quintal 


Hectoliter 
Per  100.... 


Hectoliter 
PerlOO.... 


Hectoliter 
PerlOO.... 


Hectoliter 
do 


PerlOO. 
....do  .. 
Quintal 


.do 
.do 


Quintal 

...do.. 

....do  .. 

...do.. 


Kilogram 
....do.... 
....do.... 


Duties  on  imports. 


GeneraL 


ltal.Ure. 


3.00 


IS.  00 
80.00 


10.00 
25.00 

15.00 
15.00 

25.00 

saoo 

60.00 

saoo 

*4.00 

6.00 
6.00 


27.00 
88.00 
8&00 
20.00 


40.00 
L60 
1.60 


Conven- 
tionaL 


lUMlUre. 


0.50 


6.77 
l&OO 


2.00 
2.00 

12.00 
26.00 

25.00 

l&OO 


8.00 
6.00 


8 


ItaLUre. 


*  Besides  this  tax,  the  duty  of  importation  and  manufisoture  mast  be  paid  for  two  liters  of  spirits  fbr 
«very  kilogram  of  ether  or  cnlorofiDnn. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


177 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports — Continued. 


s 

Articles. 

Unit 

Duties  on  imports. 

Duties  on  ex- 
ports. 

1" 

General. 

ItaL  lire. 
100.00 

Free. 
20.00 
10.00 

66.25 
53.00 

70.00 
26.00 
60.00 

20.00 

80.00 
85.00 
120.00 
120.00 
70.00 
850.00 
800.00 
800.00 

50.00 
250.00 

Free. 
11.00 
27.60 

Prohib- 
ited. 
80.00 

20.00 

2.00 
Free. 

Conven- 
tionaL 

10 

Catboort  it.— Ooloniolf,  groceriet^  and  to- 

baeeo. 

Coffee 

QnintAl 

ItaL  lire. 

ItaL  lire. 

11 

Chicory  and  other  sabstances  substituted  for 
coffee : 
Dried 

....do  ............. 

Groand.  or  also  only  roasted 

do 

500 

1? 

Molasses 

....do 

13 

Molasses,  unrefined,  intended  for  manufact- 
ure of  shoemakers*  wax  or  other  similar  uses, 
pays  1  fraoc  the  qamtal.  according  to  rules 
established  by  the  minister  of  finance. 
Sugar: 

Ret^ne«1.  in  Iwf  or  crushed 

....do 

Unrefined 

....do 

14 

•All  sugars  are  deemed  refined  which  are 
purer  thsn  sample  No.  20  Holland. 
Sweetmeats  and  preserves,  wit^  sugar  or 

honey. 
Tea  biscuits 

...  .do 

15 

....do 

16 

Sirups: 

For  bereraees 

....do  ............. 

Siruns  containing  medicinal  subatanoea  are 
classed  as  medical  compounds. 

Ficola 

....do  ............. 

17 

Cocoa 

....do 

18 

....do 

19 

Cinnamon 

. . . •  do  ............. 

?0 

Cloves 

....do 

n 

Penner  or  pimento 

....do 

??. 

Tea 

....do 

23 

Vanielia 

....  do  ...... •••.... 

24 

Saffron 

....do 

25 

Nutmegs: 

With  shell 

....do 

Without  shell 

....do 

26 

Mustard: 

In  seed 

....do 

Liuuid  in  nowder.  or  nrenared 

....do  ............. 

27 

Snlces  not  mentioned 

....do  .•.•.•....••• 

28 

Tobacco: 

In  leaf  or  fiber 

...  do 

• 
Havana,  in  cigars 

^iloffram ......... 

All  cicrars  made  of  tobacco  of  Cuba,  of  Ya- 
rinas,  ox  Porto  Rico,  of  Java,  Manila^  Colom- 
bia, and  other  similar  qualities  are  considered 
Havana. 

Manufactured,  in  whatever  other  quality. 

Catboort  Til.— Ohemieal  produeti,    dmg$, 

roain,  and  per/tones. 
Acids: 

Arsenic 

do 

29 

Quintal 

Boracic 

....do 

2.20 

Gallic,  tannic,  and  acetic 

Impure 

Quintal 

Free. 
1.00 
1.00 
0.50 
8.00 
10.00 
5.00 
0.50 

5.00 
5.00 
2.00 
1.00 

2.00 

15.00 

6.00 

0.50 

Hvdrochlorio ».. 

.7.  do 

Nitric 

....  do  ............. 

Salphurio 

....do 

Tartaric 

....do  ............. 

Not  named 

do 

30 

Ammonia,  potash,  and  caustic  soda,  pure  .... 

....do 

31 

Soda,  caustic,  impure 

.  -  -  .do 

32 

Alkaloids: 

Salts  of  quinine 

Not  named,  and  their  salts 

33 

Oxide  of  iron,  of  lead,  pewter,  and  sine 

Acid  of  alum,  of  iron^  of  lead,  and  of  copper . . 
Carbonates: 

Baryta 

Quintal 

34 

.. ..do 

35 

....do 

Magnesia 

....do 

Lead 

....  do  ............. 

6.00 

Soda  and  potash 

....do  ............. 

1784  CONG — A  p. 


12 


178 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports — Continned. 


s 


86 
87 


38 


80 

40 
41 


42 

43 
44 


45 
4G 
47 
48 
40 

60 
61 
62 


68 


64 


66 
66 


67 

58 


50 
60 


61 


Articles. 


Unit 


Catboobt  111,— Chemical  produeU,   drugs, 
rosin,  and  perfunut — Continned. 


Magneula,  calcined  or  caostio 

Chlorides: 

Of  lime,  potash,  and  soda 

Ofpotaan 

Nitrates: 

Of  silver 

Of  refined  soda  and  potash 

Of  soda,cmde 

Borax,  or  borax  of  soda 

Sea  salt  or  rock  salt 

Sulphates : 

Of  alam,  potash,  and  other  alums. . . , 

Of  baryta 

Of  iron  and  manganese 

Of  copper,  zinc,  and  both  iron  and  copper. 

Ofmaniesia 

Of  SO&  and  potash 

Tartrate  (bitartrate  of  iK>ta8h),  deposits  in 

barrels,  or  dregs  of  wine. 
Snlphur  of  mercury  (cinnabar  or  vermilion). . 
Matches : 

Of  wood 

Of  stearins,  wax,  and  the  like 

Chemical  products  not  named 

Gunpowder  and  other  explosives 

Explosive  capsules  and  empty  cartouches 

Licorice  roots ., 

Herbs,  dowers,   leaves,  lichens,  roots,  not 
called,  and  medicinal. 

Cassia  and  natural  tamarinds 

Manna 

Camphor: 

Crude  

Refined  

Barks: 

Fresh,  or  dry,  of  lemons,  oranges,  and 
their  vaiieues. 

Of  cinchona 

Juices : 

Of  oranges 

Of  limes  and  lemons,  crude 

Of  limes  and  lemons,  concentrated 

Of  aloes  and  other  medicinal  vegetables. 
not  named. 

Medicinal  articles,  not  named 

Medicaments  compounded  not  named  (with- 
out dedaoting  weignt  of  vessels  con- 
taining  them). 
Classed  as  medicaments  compounded  are 
me<licinal  drugs  mixed  together  or  mixed 
with  pulp,  juices,  extracts,  or  moistened  or 
dissolved  with  sirups,  mucilag«^  spirits,  ,&c. ; 
also  those  mixtures  in  form  of^  powders,  dry 

Eastes,  either  soft  or  liquid;  also  artificial 
alsams. 
Gums,  rosins,  and  gummy  substances : 

Indicenous.  raw 

All  other  kinds 

Soaps: 

Common 

Perftimed 

Sealing-wax 

Perfumery  (without  deducting  weight  of  ves- 
sels containing  it). 

Category  IV.—Colorifig  substanoss  and  ma- 
terials for  dyeing  and  tanning. 

Woods,  barks,  leaves,  lichens,  flowers,  herbs, 
and  fruits,  for  dyeing  and  tanning: 

Not  ground 

Ground 

Gambler 


Quintal 


.do 
do 


Kilogram 
Quintal . . 
...do.... 
...do.... 
Ton 


Quintal 
...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 
...do.. 

....do  .. 


.do 

.do 
do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


..do 


Quintal* 


.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 

.do 

.do 

do 

.do 


.do 
.do 
.do 


Duties  on  imports. 


General. 


Itallire. 
20.00 

1.00 
1.00 

6.03 
8.00 

Free. 
0.60 

Prohib- 
ited. 
0.50 
1.00 
2.00 
2.00 
1.50 
0.50 

Free. 

100.00 

11.00 

11.00 

4.00 

150.00 

150.00 

Free. 

2.00 

7.00 
10.00 

2.00 
16.00 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
10.00 

10.00 
120.00 


3.00 
3.00 

6.00 
30.00 
30.00 
60.00 


Free. 
2.00 
1.00 


Conven- 
tional. 


ItaL  Ure. 


M 

e 

ja 

0 


Itallire. 


0.22 


25.00 
Free. 


2.00 


LOO 


6.00 
12.00 
80.00 


Free. 


2.20 


0.27 
a66 


TAEIPFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


179 


Sekediile  of  Italian  dutiet  on  import*  and  fxporta —Continned, 


s  . 


63 
64 


65 


67 


70 


71 


T2 


73 
T4 


75 

76 
77 
78 


79 


80 


•1 


Articles. 


Catkoort  IV — Coloring  mlitanees  and  ma- 
ttriaUfoT  dyeing  and  tanning— Contiiined. 


bita- 


Indigo,  cocblDeal,  and  Irerraes 

Pmssiate  of  potash,  yellow  and  red  . 
Colors  derived  from  tar  or  from  other 
xninoiis  fmhstances: 

In  a  dry  state 

In  i>aste  orliqnid 

Colorinj^  extracts  of  wood,  and  all  other  dye- 

inf(  stuffs. 
Colors,  in  cakes,  in  powder,  or  in  any  other 

lorm. 
Tarnish: 

In  spirits 

In  whatever  form 

Pencils: 

Without  cover 

With  cover 

Ink.  of  every  kind 

Blacking: 

For  shoes 

Of  bone  and  calcined  bones 

Not  named 


Categobt  v.* 

Hmnp,  linen.  Jute,  and  other  fibrous  Tegeta- 
bles,  (Excluding  cotton : 

Raw 

Carded 

Cordaeeand  ropes,  including  tarred 

SmaU  cord  and  pack-thread  are  comprised 
as  cordage,  but  it  of  a  size  less  than  2  milli- 
meters, uiey  pass  as  hemp  thread,  according 
to  their  respective  quality. 

Nets 

Yams: 

Of  flax  and  of  hemp,  in  crude  state, 
washed  or  bleached. 

Of  jute,  crude 

Of  jute,  washed  or  bleached 

Yam  of  flax,  hemp,  and  jute : 

Dyed  

Twisted,  crude,  washed,  or  bleached 

Twisted,  dyed 

Textures  of  raw  i  ute 

The  lt;ast  tax  that  tissues  of  jute  can  pay  is 
that  of  20  lire,  as  the  special  tax  for  packing 
stnffb  is  not  extended  to  it. 
Tissoes  of  jute  of  whatever  kind.    Same  as 
linen  and  hemp  textures,  according  to 
quality. 
To  these  tissues,  mixed,  as  well  as  those  of 
the  sixth  and  seventh  categories,  is  applica- 
ble tiie  duty  of  the  material  which  dominates 
in  weight  over  the  other,  and  in  case  the 
weight  is  equal,  the  duty  of  the  most  taxed 
material. 

Textures  of  flax  and  hemp  together,  not  hav- 
ing more  than  5  threads  in  the  warp 
in  the  spare  of  5  millimeters : 
Baw  or  bleached,  exclusive  of  that  for 
packing. 

For  packing,  girths,  and  tubes 

Dyeo,  or  manufactured  with  died  yam. . . 
Timues,  raw  or  bleached,  with  few  and  nar- 
row lines,  colored,  designed  to  be  used  in  hos- 
nfitala  and  similar  pious  places,  for  military 
xomiture,  or  for  bags  or  other  packing  pur- 
poeee,  are  taxed  like  other  tissues  of  hemp, 
flax,  cotton,  &c.,  raw  or  bleached,  according 
to  quality. 

Textures  of  flax  and  hemp  together  which 
have  over  5  threads  in  work  in  the 
space  of  5  millimeters. 

Baw,  bleached  or  mixed  with  white   

Tinted  or  made  with  colored  thread 


Unit. 


Quintal 
...do.. 


.do 
.do 
.do 


..do 


.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 

■do 

do 
.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 


.do 

.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


Duties  on  imports. 


General. 


Jtol  lire. 
7.00 
8.00 


15.00 
10.00 
12.50 

12.00 


80.00 
12.00 

50.00 
50.00 
15.00 

6.00 
0.50 
5.00 


Free. 
Free. 
3.00 


4.00 

11.50 

10.00 
11.50 

17.10 
23.10 
34  05 
20.00 


23.10 

12.00 
38.00 


Conven- 
tionaL 


ItdL  lire. 


90.00 


10.00 
83.00 


Free. 
Free. 
3.00 


4.00 
11.50 


17.10 
23.10 
84.65 


M 


18. 


ItaLHr^. 


23.10 

12.00 
38.00 


OT.75 
90.00 


*  The  conventional  duties  never  apply  to  Jnte. 


180 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imporla  and  esrpor/«— ContinnecL 


s 

h4    « 


J 


}25 


82 


83 


84 


85 
86 


87 
88 


80 
90 


91 


Articles. 


Category  V— Continued. 

Textaree  of  flax  and  bemp  stamped  (printed) 

A1m>,  for  the  worke<)  or  aamaflked  tissneo  of 
this  catc;iory,  as  well  as  thone  of  cotton,  the 
doty  is  pniil  accordin<i  :ih  tbcy  are  raw, 
bleached,  dyed,  or  printed,  and  accordinp; 
to  thonumberofthrcadsof  the  yarn.  Yarn 
composed  of  more  than  one  thread  is  counted 
for  2  or  more  according  to  their  number. 
If  in  cotton  tissues  the  threads  cannot  l>e 
counted  either  in  the  woof  or  waq>  (catena), 
count  is  made  of  the  threads  in  one  only, 
and  the  number  is  doubled  if  the  threads  of 
both  are  of  the  same  size  or  composed  of 
the  same  number  of  threads.  When  in  tis- 
sues of  flax,  hemp,  or  cotton  it  is  impossible 
to  count  the  threads,  the  duty  applicable 
to  them  IS  that  of  knitted  poods. 

Tissues  of  flax  and  hemp  embroidered 

There  are  some  worked  tissues  which  at  first 
sight  might  be  thought  embroidered.  But 
it  is  easy  to  distiu'^uish  them,  because  in 
the  first  the  work  is  most  regular  in  the 
most  minute  parts,  and  if  the  woof  is  with- 
drawn it  unravels,  while  in  the  second  em> 
broidored  by  hand  or  in  the  loom  there  is 
always  something  wanting  in  theregulaiity, 
and  we  embroidery  prevents  unraveling. 

Stuflb  of  flax  or  hemp  waxed  (oil  cloths) : 
For  pavements  and  tarred  and  oiled  stufb . 
Of  any  other  kind 

Trimmings  of  flax  and  hemp  and  knit  goods. . . 

Buttons  and  ribbons  of  flax  and  hemp 

Bibbons  and  galloons  are  distinguished  from 
trimmings  oeing  worked  with  the  shuttle, 
or  made  of  warp  and  woof;  while  trim- 
mings, cords,  and  the  like,  are  made  by 
bmioing,  twisting,  spinning,  &o. 

Laces  ana  tulles 

Sewed  articles 


Cateqobt  TL 

Cottons : 

In  bales  or  in  mass 

Carded  (wadding) 

Cotton  yams,  single,  gray: 

Which  do  not  measure  more  than  10,000 

meters  to  the  half  kilogram. 
Which   measure   from   10,000  to  20,000 

meters  to  the  half  kilogram. 
More  than  20.000  and  up  to  30,000  meters 

the  half  kilogram. 
More  than  30,000  and  up  to  40,000  meters 

the  half  kilogram. 
More  than  40,U00  and  up  to  50,000  meters 

to  the  half  kilogram. 
More  than  50,000  and  up  to  60,000  meters 

to  the  half  kiloin^m. 
More  than  60,000  meters  for  each  half 

kilogram. 
Yams,  bleached : 

Measuring  not  more  than  10,000  meters 

to  the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  10,000  up  to  20,000  me- 
ters to  the  half  kilogram. 
From  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to  the  half 

kilogram. 
From  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to  the  half 

kilogi*am. 
From  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to  the  half 

kilogram. 


Unit 


(Quintal 


.do 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


Klloi 


luiogram 
Qoiral... 


...do 
....do 

....do 

....do 

— do 

— do 

— do 

— do 

....do 

do 

— do 
— do 
. : .  .do 

do 


Duties  on  imports. 


General. 


ItaL  lire. 
115.00 


800.00 


25.00 

60.00 

110.00 

130.00 


80.00 


Free.... 

e.00 


l&OO 
22.00 
28.00 
32.00 
'89.00 
4a  00 
60.00 

2L60 
26.40 
3L20 
38.40 
46.80 


Conven- 
tlonaL 


H 

& 


s 


Ital  lire. 
116.00 


ItaLKre. 


250.00 


20.00 

40.00 

110.00 

100.00 


(•) 


*  Like  the  tissues  of  which  t^ey  are  oomposedf  with  10  per  cent.  additionaL 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


181 


SdteduU  of  Italian  A^tien  on  imporit  and  exports — Continned. 


s 


02 


93 


93 


Aitioles. 


Catxgobt  YI— Contlniied. 

Yams,  bleached — Continued. 

From  50.000  to  00,000  meters  to  the  half 

kilozram. 
More  than  60,000  meters  for  each  half 
kilogram. 
Dyed  yams,  single : 

Heasuring  10,000  meters  to  the  half  kilo- 
gram. 
Measuring  from  10, 000  to  20, 000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  hall  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measurine  from  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
More  than  60,000  meters  to  the  half  kilo- 
gram. 
Yarns,  twisted,  unbleached: 

Measuring  10,000  meters  to  the  half  kilo- 
gram. 
Measuring  from  10,000  to  20,000  meters  to 

the  halt  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  20,000  to  30^000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  more  than  60,000  meters  to  the 
half  kilogram. 
Yains,  bleached,  twisted : 

Measuring  not  over  10,000  meters  to  the 

half  kilogram. 
Measurine  from  10,000  to  20,000  meters  to 

the  hall  kilogram. 
Measorinc  from  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuriocr  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  fi  om  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

iho  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 
the  halt  kilogram. 
'      Over  60,000  meters  to  the  half  kilogram. . 
Yams,  dyed,  twisted : 

Which  measure  not  over  10,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Mea^rins  from  10,000  to  20,000  meters  to 

the  halfkilogram. 
Measuring  from  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  halfkilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  halfkilogram. 
Measuring  from  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
MeaHuring  over  60,000  meters  to  the  half 
kilogram. 
In  twistt^d  thread,  the  classification  is  es- 
tablished by  multiplying  the  length  bv  the 
number  of  threads.     For  example,  thread 
twisted  of  three  threads,  having  a  length  of 
6,000  meters  to  the  half  kilogram,  is  consid- 
ered as  having  15,000  meters  of  length  to  the 
half    kilo(n*ani,   and  is    classed   as  twistod 
thread,  measuring  from  10,000  to  20,000  me- 
ters to  the  half  kilogram,  with  a  duty  of  28.60 
lire,  34.32  lire,  or  61.10  lire  to  the  quintal,  ac- 
I  according  ps  it  is  raw,  bleached,  or  dyed. 


Unit 


Quintal. 
. . .  .do  . . . 


do  . 

— do  . 
....do  . 
. .. .do  . 
....do  . 
— do  . 
do  . 

do 

. ...do  , 

do 

— do  . 
— do  . 
— do 
....do 

. . .  .do  . 
— do 

do 

....  do 
. . .  .do 
. . .  .do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 

do 

do 

do 


Duties  on  imports. 


General. 


ItalKre. 
57.60 

72.00 


43.00 
47.00 
5L00 
57.00 
64.00 
73.00 
85.00 

23.40 
2&00 
33.80 

4Leo 

60.70 
62.40 
78.00 

2&08 
34.82 
40.50 
40.92 
60.84 
74.88 
93.60 
65.90 
6LI0 
66.30 
74.10 
83.20 
94.00 
110  50 


Conven- 
tionaL 


Itallire. 


ilaLNra. 


\ 


182 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  an  imparts  and  exports — Continned. 


I 


M 


Articles. 


Catbgobt  YI— Oonttnaed. 

WftrpB,  siiiKle,  aobleaobed: 

Measuring  not  over  10,000  meters  for 

every  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  fh>m  10,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  fh>m  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  50,000  to  60.000  meters  to 

the  hall  kilogram. 
Measuring  more  than  60,000  meters  to  the 


half  kilogram. 

IB,  single,  uleac] 

[easnring  not  o 

half  kilogram. 


logi 
Warps,  single,  bleached : 

Measuring  not  over  10,000  meters  to  the 


Measuring  fh>m  10,000  to  20,000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  over  60,000  meters  to  the  half 

kilogram. 
Warps,  single,  dyed : 

Measuring  not  over  10,000  meters  to  the 

half  kilogram. 
Measaring  from  10,000  to  20,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measaring  from  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  40,600  to  50,000  meters  to 

the  halt  kilogram. 
Measuring;  from  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 

the  hall  kilogram. 
Measuring  over  60,000  meters  to  the  half 

kilogram. 
Warps,  tmsted,  unbleached: 

Measuring  not  over  10,000  meters  for 

every  half  kilogram. 
Measaring  tram  10,000  to  20,000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measuring  fVom  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 

the  hair  kilogram. 
Measaring  more  than  60,000  meters  to  the 

half  kilogram. 
Waxps,  twisted,  bleached : 

Measaring  not  over  10,000  meters  to  the 

half  kilogram. 
Measuring  iVom  10,000  to  20,000  meters  to 

the  halfkllogram. 
Measuring  from  20,000  to  30,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

in 


the  hair  kilogram, 
[easuring  from  40, 0< 
the  hall  kilogram, 
[easuring  fh)m  50,0< 
the  half  kilogram. 


Measuring  from  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

-  in  -  _ 

Measuring  fh)m  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 


Quintal 
— do  .. 
— do  . . 
. .  do  . . 
— do  .. 
....do  .. 
....do  .. 

do  .. 

do  .. 

— do  .. 
...do.. 
...do  .. 
— do  .. 
— do  .. 

do  .. 

do  .. 

— do  .. 
— do  .. 
...do  .. 
...do.. 
, ...do  .. 

do  .. 

...do  .. 
...do  .. 

do  .. 

...do  .. 
...do  .. 
...do  .. 

do  .. 

do  .. 

...do .. 
...do  .. 
. .  .do  . . 
...do  .. 


Duties  on  imports. 

M 

O 

«     - 

General. 

Conven- 
tional. 

Duties  01 
porta 

ItaLUre. 
20.70 

ItaLUre, 

ItaLUre, 

25.30 

29.90 

36.80 

44.85 

55.20 

69.00 

24.84 

80.86 

35.88 

44.16 

53.82 

66.24 

82.80 

49.45 

54.05 

58.65 

65.55 

73.60 

83.05 

97.76 

26.91 

■ 

32.89 

38.87 

47.84 

• 

58.30 

71.76 

89.70 

1 

32.29 

39.47 

46.64 

57.41 

69.97 

86.11 

TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


18  J 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports — Con  tinned. 


li 


▲rtioles. 


05 


95 


86 


Catboobt  YI— Continaed. 

Warps,  twisted,  bleached— Continiied. 

Measarlni;  from  over  60,000  meters  to  the 
half  kifogram. 
Warps,  twisted^  dyed : 

MeasuriDg  oot  over  10,000  meters  to  the 

half  kilogram. 
Meaearin((  from  10,000  to  20,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measaring  from  20.000  to  80,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
Measuring  from  30,000  to  40,000  meters  to 

the  hall  kilogram. 
MeasarlDg  from  40,000  to  50,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram. 
MeasuriDg  from  50,000  to  60,000  meters  to 

the  half  kilogram . 
Measnring  over  60,000  meters  to  the  half 
kilogram. 
Tissues  unbleached,  weighing  13  kilograms 
or  more  to  the  100  square  meters,  which 
have  in  a  square  of  5  mUlimeters  of  woof 
and  warp  on  each  side : 
Twenty-seven  elementary  threads  or  less. 

Mor«  than  twenty-seven  threads 

To  fix  t  ho  weisht  in  relation  to  the  measure, 
it  is  not  necessary  to  open  and  measure  them 
one  by  one.  The  equal  pieces  are  placed  to- 
gether, and  one  is  selecteil  for  opening.  As 
the  folds  are  of  equal  length,  maltiplying  the 
length  of  one  fold  by  the  number  of  folds 
gives  the  length  of  the  whole  piece.  This 
obtained,  and  multiplying  the  length  by  the 
width,  we  have  the  number  of  square  meters. 
The  whole  width  being  ascertained,  it  is  easy 
to  find  the  weight  of  100  square  meters  in  or- 
der  to  apply  th«i  duty. 

To  establish  the  number  of  threads  in  a 
SQuare  of  5  millimeters  one  must  count  and 
add  together  the  threads  of  the  warp  and 
those  of  the  woof. 

Tissues  unbleaclied,  of  the  weight  of  7  kilo- 
grams or  more,  but  less  than  13  kilograms 
to  the  100  square  meters,  which  have  in  warp 
and  woof  in  a  square  of  5  millimeters: 

27  elementary  threads  or  less 

More  than  27  threes 

Tissues,  raw,  weighing  less  than  7  kilograms 
to  the  100  square  meters,  which  have  in 
warp  and  woof  in  a  square  of  5  millimeters : 

27  elementary  threads  or  less 

More  than  27  threads 

Tissues,  bletiched,  weighing  13  kilograms  and 
more  to  the  luO  square  meters,  which  have 
in  warp  and  wool  in  a  square  of  5  millime- 
ters: 

27  elementary  threads  or  less 

More  than  27  threads 

Tissues,  bleached,  weighing  7  kilograms  or 
more,  but  less  than  13  kilograms  to  the  100 
square  meters,  which  have  in  warp  and 
woof  in  a  square  of  5  millimeters : 

27  elementary  threads  or  less 

More  than  27  threads 

Tissues,  bleached,  weighing  less  than  7  kilo- 
grams to  the  lOu  square  meters,  which 
have  in  warp  and  woof  in  a  square  of  5  mil- 
limeters: 

27  elementarv  threads  or  less 

More  than  27  threads 


Unit. 


Qnintal 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
do 


.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


.do 
do 


.do 
.do 


Duties  on  imports. 


GeneraL 


ItaL  lire. 
107.64 

64.28 
70.26 
76.24 
85.21 
05.68 
100.13 
127.07 


Conven- 
tionaL 


ItalUre. 


ItalKr^, 


57.00 
64.00 


66.00 
75.00 


80.00 
100.00 


68.40 
76.80 


70.20 
80.00 


06.00 
120.00 


184 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports — Continued. 


1 

1^ 

Articles. 

( 

Unit 

1 

Duties  on  import!. 

• 

M 

8 

a  -; 

1^ 

G^eral. 

Conven- 
UonaL 

Duties  oi 
portc 

97 

Catboort  YI— ContiDaed. 

Baw  tissues,  but  having  a  mixture  of  white, 
are  considered  bleached. 

Tissues,  dyed,  weighing  13  kilograms  or  more, 
to  the  100  sqnare  meters,  which  have  to 
warp  and  woof  in  a  square  of  5  millimeters: 
27  elementarv  threads  or  less 

Quintal 

Ital.  lire. 
92.00 
99.00 

101.00 
110.00 

115.00 
135.00 

138.40 
146.80 

14^20 
160.00 

166.00 
190.00 
300.00 
300.00 

25.00 
50>00 

100.00 
90.00 

300.00 

120.00 
140.00 
155.00 
(*) 

Pree 

Ital.  lire. 

ItaLUn, 

MoTA  th»-Q  27  t-hrtMidii  ,--.,...,   ,  . , . . 

't^UIUVOTA    ........... 

.   .  .  .do     .    ..a......... 

1 

Tissues,  dyed,  weighing  7  kilograms  or  more, 
but  less  than  13  kilograms  to  the  100  sauare 
meters,  which  have  in  warp  and  woof  in  a 
square  of  5  millimeters : 
27  elementarv  threatls  or  less 

....  do   ............. 

More  than  27  threads  

....do 

Tissues,  dyed,  weighing  less  thsn  7  kilograms 
to  the  100  sqnare  meters,  which  have  in 
warp  and  woof  in  a  square  of  5  millimeters : 
27  elementarv  threads  or  leas 

.  ...do -. 

More  than  27  threads .... 

....do 

Tissues,  ^tamped  (printed),  weighing  13  kilo* 
grams  or  more  to  the  100  square  meters, 
which  have  in  warp  and  woof  in  a  square 
of  5  millimeters: 
27  elementarv  threads  or  less 

.  ...do 

More  than  27  thre»dn  , ,     -,-- 

....do 

Tissues,  printed,  weighing  7  kiloKrams  or 
more,  but  less  than  13  to  the  100  square 
meters,  which  have  in  warp  and  woof  in  a 
square  of  5  millimeters: 
27  elementarv  threads  or  less 

....  do 

Iff nrn  ihAn  27  thrAarln 

....do  ............. 

Tissues,  printed,  weighing  less  than  7  kilo- 
grams to  the  100  square  meters,  which  have 
m  warp  and  woof  in  a  sqnare  of  5  millime- 
ters: 
27  elementarv  threads  or  less. ........ 

....do 

More  thi»n  27  threads t, ,.,,,^^. 

....do 



09 

Tissues  embroidered  (see  note  to  No.  83) 

....do 

100 

Tnlles.  iranxes.  and  muslins 

....do 

101 

Tissues,  oiled: 

For  floors  and  tarred  tissues 

....do 

All  other  kinds 

....do 

10% 

Buttons,  knitted  goods,  braids,  coverlids 

Bibbons.  nJloons  (see  note  to  No.  86) 

...do 

....do 

108 

104 

Laces .- 

....do 



105 

Velvets: 

Baw 

....do 

Bleached 

....do  .•.....•••••• 

Dved 

...do 

106 

Sewed  articles 

...  .do 

107 

When  sewed  articles  cannot  be  classified  on 
the  basis  of  weight  according  to  the  super- 
flees  and  According  to  the  number  of  threads 
which  are  in  a  square  of  5  millimeters  thev 
are  satject  to  the  class  the  highest  taxed. 
(See  note  to  No.  88.) 

Category  Yll.—Wool  and  hair. 

Wool,  natural,  washed,  carded,  dyed;  wa«te 

or  refuse  wool. 
Horsehair: 

Baw.  dved.  and  all  other  kinds .--.. 

....do  ............. 

• 

108 

....  do  .....•••«•■•. 

Free.... 

Twisted  cords  and  rough  articles  of  horse- 
hair. 
Yam  of  wool  or  hair,  single: 

Paw  or  unbleached. . 

...  do 

8.00 

50.00 
75.00 
65.00 
97.50 
15.00 

109 

....do 

Simnle.  dved 

....do 

T winted.  raw.  or  unbleached 

...  .do  ............. 

Twisted,  dved 

....  do 

110 

Mattresses  of  all  kinds 

do 

,',',,', 

*  Like  the  tissues  of  which  they  are  composed  and  10  per  cent,  additional. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRfES. 


185 


Sekedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports — Coutinued. 


0 
C 

PI 

3 

z   < 


ArtidiM. 


'^hgobt  YII— Fool  and  Aair— Continned. 


ill 


112 


113 


114 

115 

11«' 

117 

118 

n» 
lao 


m 


of  wool : 

this  catefforvthe  datyia  aocordinc:  to 

matarial  wnicb  dominAtea  in  weight.  Bat 

those  in  which  wool  dominates  is  spoiled 

B  keser  duties  of  the  letters  b  and  d  if  the 

of  the  warp  are  of  cotton. 

Carded 

Carded,  with  warp  composed  entirely  of 
cotton  yam. 

Carded 

Combed  with  warp  composed  entirely  of 
cotton  thread. 

Embroidered 

'^ts: 

For  hats 

Tarred,  pressed  for  soles,  &c 

es  of  hair : 

For  sieves  

All  other  kinds 

^^xsids,  knitted  eoods 

^^ibbonsand  gaUoons 

^^nttODs -• 

X..«oessad  tnllee 

Oorers  made  of  waste  strips  of  woolen  cloth. . 
Oarpets  made  of  strips  of  waste  woolen  clotn. 

Oovers  and  carpets  of  wool 

Covers  and  carpets  of  wool  mixed  with 
^WBste  woolen  or  luur  materials  when  it  is  not 
pomibleto  ascertain  which  predominates,  the 
Wool  or  other  material  will  pay  like  covers  or 
csrpets  of  wool.  Covers  not  separated  the 
one  firom  the  other,  bat  in  one  piece,  are  al- 
wsys  considered  sach  if  they  have  colored 
lines  or  other  marks  which  indicate  the  place 
of  separation  and  the  end  intended  for  the 
bead. 

Sewed  articles 

Sewed  articles  composed  of  tissaes  suliiject 
to  different  daties.  and  when  it  cannot  be 
determined  which  predominates,  pay  as  if 
made  entirely  of  the  tissaes  most  taxed.  (See 
2ro.88.) 


\ 


Cateooby  VIIL— fiOt. 


m 

123 


m 


125 


128 
127 


Daties  on  imports. 


Unit. 


General. 


Qaintal 
...do  .. 


.do 
.«lo 

.do 

.do 
.do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 

.do 


.do 


Kilogram 
Quintal.. 


Scgsof  Uie  silkworm 

Cocoons 

By  these  sa^  intended  those  either  with  or 
without  the  butterfly,  but  having  the  silk 
entire,  and  those  from  which  the  silk  properly 
esUed  has  been  taken  are  considered  as  e<u- 
eami  of  raw  silk. 
Silk: 

Drawn  single,  doubled  or  twisted,  raw. . 

Drawn  single,  doubled  or  twisted,  dyed.. 

For  sewing  

Waste  silk : 

Raw 

Carded do 

Spun i do  — 

Dyed — do  — 

Velvets  of  silk. !  Kilogram 

Tissaes :  I 

Of  black  silk ....do  .... 

Of  silk  not  named ' do  .   .. 

Of  silk  waste —  do  — 


..  do  ..:. 
Kilogram 
...do.... 


Qaintal 


Itat  lire. 
165.00 
110.00 

200.00 
155.00 

400.00 

18.00 
7.00 

30.00 
165. 00 
200.00 
2*20.00 
220.00 
300.00 
60.00 
60.00 
110.00 


a) 


Free. 
..do.. 


do 


LOO 
3.00 

Free ... 

50.00 

50.00 

100.00 

8.00 


5.00 
6.00 
5.00 


Conven- 
tional. 


M 

p  « 

u 

«  o 

*  5. 

S 

Q 


liaLUre. 
150.00 
100.00 


Ital.  lire. 


(*) 


30.00 


(t) 


(t) 


38.50 


8.80 
8.80 


*  In  applying  the  treaty,  shawls  and  small  shawls  of  black  wool  coarsely  embroidered  with  silk  on 
one  side  only,  also  garnished  -with  silk  fringe,  will  be  treated  according  to  the  quality  of  the  tissue.^ 
without  regard  to  the  embroidery  or  fringe. 

t  Under  ^e  treaty,  ordinary  covers  called  *'  scbiaviune  "  bleached  all  white,  or  with  a  simple  colored 
line,  will  be  admitted  np  to  400  quintals  per  year  at  the  duty  of  21.50  lire  tlio  100  kilograms,  always 
provided  that  their  origin  is  shown  to  be  Arom  Austrla-Hnngary  by  certificate  of  a  competent  authoiii3\ 

tLike  the  tissnes  of  which  they  are  composed  and  10  per  cent,  additional. 


4 


186 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEAAL   COUNTRIES. 


Schedule  of  Italian  duUea  on  imports  and  exports — ContlDaed. 


128 


120 

130 
181 


132 


183 
134 
135 


136 
137 


188 
139 
140 


141 


142 
143 
144 


145 
146 
147 


Aitioles. 


Catboobt  Yni— i9i£b— ContiDiied. 

Tisfinefl — Continaed. 

Of  silk  or  waste  silk  mixed  with  other 
materinl  in  which  silk  or  waste  silk  of 
an.A  kind  or  color  exceeds  12  per  cent, 
and  not  over  50  per  cent. 
Tissaes,  ordinary,  of  waste  silk  called  **  stop* 
polini,"  mixed  or  not  mixed  with  other  ma- 
terial. 

Galloons,  rihhons,  covers,  knit-work,  hraids 
of  silk,  and  silk  waste  pay  according  to  the 
respective  tissaes. 
Laces  and  tulles  of  silk: 

IJn  worked 

Worked 

Laces,  galloons,  and  tulles  of  silk,  or  of  silk 
waste,  mixed  with  gold  or  silver,  real  or 
false. 
Buttons : 

Covered  with  silk 

Covered  with  silk  or  silk  waste,  mixed 
with  other  material,  to  be  considered 
such  it  suffices  to  have  the  right  side 
covered  with  silk  or  silk  waste.  It 
makes  do  exception  if  cotton,  wool,  or 
other  material  is  visible  on  the  other 
side. 
Articles  sewed.    (See  note  Na  88) 


Category  IX. 


Charcoal 

Wood  for  fuel 

Wood: 

For  ebonists,  unsawed 

For  ebonists,  sawed 

In  boards  or  squares  inlaid  for  floors — 
Common,  upland,  sawed,  split,  or  only 

hewed  or  squared  with  the  ax. 
In  small  boards  for  boxes,  sieves,  and 
the  like,  also  in  hoops  of  any  length. 
Casks,  new  or  old,  with  iron  or  wooden 
hoops. 
Furniture : 

Of  wood,  common,  carved,not  upholstered. 


Other  common  wood,  not  upholstered 

red.. 


Free.. 
...do.. 


Free 


do... 
15.00 


...do 

...do 

do 

Registered  tonnage 
Quintal 


8.00 

8.00 

55.00 

22.00 

33.00 
110.00 
330.00 


Free... 
&00 
40.00 


Common  wood,  upholsterc 

Of  wood  for  ebonists,  veneered  or  inlaid, 
also  uphoLstered. 

Oars  and  poles .- do 

Roots  forl>rushes do 

Cork  wood : 

Unworked ^ ...ido 

Worked do 

Utensils  and  various  works  of  common  wood : 

Not  poUshed  or  iNiinted do 

Other  kinds do 

Wooden  goods,  including  toys do 

Carts,  common Each 

Carriages,  common  road: 

Of  two  wheels 

Of  four  wheels  and  four  sprinffs 

Of  four  wheels  and  more  than  rour  springs . 

Ships,  barks,  and  boats 

Canes,  reeds,  and  rushes 

Basket  work  and  mats : 

By  these  are  understood  baskets,  and  the 
like,  made  of  strips  of  wood,  rushes,  or  reeds, 
coarsely  worked,  to  carry  materials  and  mer- 
chandise, or  fur  country  use ;  also  mats  for 
floors  and  things  made  of  rushes  to  encase 
goods,  and  mats  made  of  canes  as  lath. 

*  Like  the  tissues  of  which  they  are  composed,  with  10  per  cent  additional 


Unit 


.do 


.do 


.do 

do 

.do 


.do 
.do 


Duties  on  imports. 


o-«-- !  *'.?SS'- 


H 

O 

Jl 

p 
Q 


Ital  lire.     ItaL  lire,  [  ItaL  Ure. 
3.00  i I 


2.00 


12.00 
18.00 
16.00 

4.00 
2.00 

.do 


Ton.. 
...do 


Qaintal 

...do 

...do 

Square  meter 


Quintal 


Hectoliter  (capac- 
ity). 


(Quintals 
/..do... 
...do... 
. .  do  . . . 


(*) 


Free 
...do 


2.00 
4.00 
6.00 
1.00 

1.00 

0.20 


Free 
...do 


4.00 

4.00 

Free... 


.do 


20.00 
20.00 
40.00 
60.00 


7.50 
18.00 


33.00 
110.00 


^: 


6.50  1  Free 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


187 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports — Continned. 


1 

II 


48 


140 
150 


151 
152 

153 


154 
155 
156 
157 


158 


159 


160 
161 


162 


Articles. 


Category  IX— Continaed. 

Basketwork  and  mats— Continned. 

Fine  articles 

These  comprise  ladies'  baskets,  small  mats, 
and  all  similar  objects  of  domestic  use,  made 
of  reeds,  rashes,  roots,  and  branches,  whole 
or  split,  natural  or  djed.  All  mats  for  floors 
are  incladed,  except  those  of  rushes. 
Braided: 

Of  straw 

Of  bark,  &c.,  for  fine  hats 

Of  bark,  du; ,  for  ordinary  hats 

Of  bark,  &c.,  for  ropes  and  other  articles 

Ropes  of  esparto,  linden,  and  the  like 

Straw  hats,  except  those  trimmed  for  ladies. 

Catboort  X.— Paper  and  books. 


Rags  of  all  kinds 

Paste  (pulp)  of  wood,  straw,  and  similar  sub* 

stances 

Paper: 

White,  or  tinted  jMste,  of  all  qualities  . . . 

Colored,  gilt  or  painted,  or  figured 

Blotting  paper  and  coarse  paper  for  i>ack- 

ioK- 
By  blotting  paper  is  intended  that  known 
in  commerce  bv  the  name  of  blotting  paper, 
and  not  all  kinds  of  paper  without  glue.  By 
packing  paper  is  meant  that  of  colored  pulp, 
rough  and  coarse. 

Geographical  maps 

Playingcards 

Thnigs  printed,  lithographs,  and  placards  . . . 
Pasteboartis: 

These  are  made  of  several  leaves,  glued  to- 
gether, so  that  tearing  them  they  can  be  sepa- 
rated. 

(Common 

By  common  is  meant  that  which  is  made 
by  pressure  and  not  by  glue. 

Fine 

Printed  books: 

Not  bound,  or  simply  stitched 

Bound  in  paper  covers 

Bound  in  leather  or  parchment 

Bound  in  any  other  way,  in  velvet,  ivory, 

&c.,  garnished  with  gold  or  silver 

Books  not  printed  (ledgers) : 

Not  bound,  or  bound  in  paper 

Bound  in  leather  or  parchment 

Bound  in  any  other  way 

Printed  music 

M«iuscripts 


Unit. 


Quintal. 


Duties  on  imports. 


H 


General. 


Ital  Ure. 
22.00 


Cateoort  XL—8Hn»orhidet. 

Skins  or  hides : 

Raw,  fresh,  or  dried,  not  suitable  for  ftir . . 
These  are  such  as  have  not  been  in  any 
way  tanned,  but  only  dried,  put  in  ashes,  or 
salted  to  keep  from  spoiling.  Such  hides  put 
in  water  become  ouickly  good  for  tanning,  and 
when  tanned  ana  worked  serve  shoemakers, 
saddlers,  Unnk-makers,  glove-makers,  and  all 
who  use  skins  without  hair. 

Raw,  fresh,  or  dried  for  l^r 

Raw  skins  for  fur  should  be  in  the  same  con- 
dition as  those  indicated  in  the  preceding 
note.  Such  skins  are  tanned  with  the  hair 
and  are  used  by  furriers. 

Tanned  with  hair,  fine 

Tanned  with  hair,  common 


.do 
.do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


..do... 
100  packs 
Quintal.. 


Quintal 


.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 

.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


.•.do 


.do 


.do 
.do 


Free 

..do.... 

..do 

..do 

L50 
10.00 


Free 
..do. 


10.00 

25.00 

6.00 


3.00 
20.00 
70.00 


&00 


8.00 

Free .... 
12.60 
20.00 

100.00 

10.00 

35.00 

100.00 

6.00 

Free.... 


.do 


fi.00 


60.00 

saoo 


Conven- 
tional. 


§1 


Ital  lire. 


9 
P 


ItaLlin. 


8.80 


Free 


10.00 
25.00 
Free 


.do 


&00 
Free.... 


laoo 

16.00 
100.60 


Free 


5.00 


2.30 


188 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports — Con  tinned. 


9 

a- 


163 
164 


165 


166 


167 
168 
169 

170 


171 
172 


178 


174 
175 


176 


Artioles. 


Catboobt  XJ^Skina  or  hide»    ContAnned. 


taken 


Skins  or  hide»— Continned. 

Simply  tanned  without  hair  or 
from  the  vat  and  not  finished. 
Hides  simply  tanned  and  not  finished  are 
those  which  have  been  only  tanned,  i.  «.,  in 
vats  more  or  less  time  with  tannins  matter, 
and  which  being  taken  out  and  dried  are  put 
in  the  market  without  having  been  worked  by 
the  several  operations  of  tanners.  Such  hides 
are  not  dried,  are  shriveled,  and  show  on  the 
surface  the  tanning  material,  and  are  not  pli> 
able  and  elastic  like  finished  leather. 

Morocco  leather  of  any  color 

Morocco  leathers  are  skins  of  any  animal 
prepared  without  oil  or  other  greasy  mate- 
rials, and  which  have  on  the  riehtside  minute 
points  formed  by  crossing  of  lines. 

Varnished  leathers 

Tanned  without  hair  and  finished,  not 
named. 

Tanned  goat  and  lamb 

Cut  for  legs  and  upper  leather  and  strips 
for  hats. 

The  refuse  of  hides 

Mu£fii  of  fur: 

Fine 

Common 

Furriers'  articles,  not  named: 

Made  with  fine  for 

Made  of  common  ftir 

Harness: 

Common 

Ornamented 

Saddles 

Saddlers*  articles,  not  named 

Gloves  of  any  kind  of  leather;  also,  simply 

cut. 
Boots  and  shoes: 

Boots  and  shoes  and  buskins 

All  other  kinds 

Valises 

Articles  of  tanned  skins  without  hair,  not 
named. 

Catbgobt  Xll.—M\neralg,  metals,  andartidss 
fnadeqfthtm. 

Metallic  minerals : 

Of  iron 

Of  lead,  even  urgentiferoua 

Copper 

Zinc 

All  other  kinds 

Scoria  produced  by  the  fusion  of  minerals 
and  by  the  aflinity  of  metals  and  metallic 
products. 
Scraps,  scales,  and  filings  of  iron,  cast  iron,  or 
steel. 

All  works  of  iron,  cast  iron,  or  steel,  and  all 
pieces  thereof,  new  or  old,  are  considered 
scraps,  which  can  only  be  utilized  by  fusion. 
ProjectileH  of  artillerv  and  rusty  cannon  not 
serviceable  are  conniaered  as  scraps  without 
the  necessity  of  breaking  them  up. 
Cast  iron : 

In  pis 

Worked  in  rough  castings 

Worked  in  smooth  castings,  turned, 
treated  with  other  metal,  enameled,  var> 
nished ;  also,  with  ornaments  of  other 
metals. 


Unit. 


Quintal 


do 


.do 
..do 


..do 
..do 


do 


Per  100. 
...do.. 


Quintal 
...do.. 


...do 

...do 

Per  100 

Quintal 

Per  100  pairs. 


...do... 
...do.. 
Each  ... 
Quintal 


Ton  ... 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
Quintal 
....do  .. 


...do 


Ton  .... 
Quintal . 
— do  .. 


I>ntiea  on  imports. 


GeneraL 


Ital  lire. 
25.00 


Conven* 
tionaL 


ItaJLUre. 


H 

e 

al 

P 


ItioLUre. 


80.00 


100.00 
30.00 

20.00 
(•) 


Free 


600.00 
300.00 

600.00 
300.00 

60.00 
90.00 
900.00 
60.00 
20.00 


110.00 

70.00 

2.00 

70.60 


Free 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do  . 
.do. 


.do 


.do 


4.00 
5.00 


*  Like  the  resi>ective  skins,  with  10  per  cent  additional. 


50.00 


.22 
2.90 
&50 


Free. 


do 


4.00 
6.00 


TAEIFFS  OF  THE  SEYEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


189 


Schedule  of  Italian  duHea  on  imports  and  exports — Continned. 


0 

5e; 


ArticlM. 


17 


Gatkgobt  XIl.—Minerais,m€tdla,andartide8 
made  of  them — Contiiiaed. 


178 


179 
IW 

181 
182 

183 

1B4 

185 

180 


Raw,  in  pigs,  and  steel  in  ingots 

Iron  in  pig  is  that  which  is  not  freed  of 
dross  and  that  cannot  be  nsed  without  first 
being  sabjected  to  hammering  and  reduced 
tor^  iron. 
Iron  and  steel,  not  tempered : 

In  nnmbers  178  and  179  are  comprehended 
iron  and  steel  simply  rolled  or  hammered. 
Any  additional  work  after  rolling  and  ham- 
mering causes  iron  to  pass  to  the  condition  of 
second  manufacture,  and  steel  to  store  other- 
wise worked.  Iron  rolled  or  hammered  for 
construction  of  wagons,  bridges,  machinery, 
and  for  buildings,  when  not  perforated  or 
otherwise  work^,  is  classed  under  numbers 
178  and  170.  Iron  at  T  or  double  T  re-enters 
ondrr  number  178a  when  not  worked  in  the 
same  manner. 

a.  Bcdied  or  hammered  (laminato  o  hat* 
tnto)  rods  of  more  than  5  millimeters  of 
or  diameter,  and  bars  of  all  dimensions. 
h.  In  rods  (including  wire)  5  millimeters 
less  in  diameter  or  of  side. 
The  article  h  comprehends  rectangular, 
square,  hexagonal,  octMTonal,  and  the  like 
wnen  tiiey  have  a  side  of  5  millimeters  or  less. 
e.  In  plates  4  millimeters  thick  and  above . 
d.  In  plates  less  than  4  millimeters  thick, 
and  also  in  pipes. 
By  plates  are  meant  sheets  and  plates  over 
90  eentimeters  wide,  and  also  of  a  less  width, 
if  not  3  roetem  long.    Sheets  and  plates  20 
oentimeters  wide  or  less,  3  meters  or  more 
in  length,  pay  like  iron  and  steel  rolled  or 
bannered,  or  in  rods  or  wire,  lettered  a,  ft, 
of  this  number,  according  to  thickness. 
Iron  and  steel  forged  into  axletreee,  anchors, 
anvils,  or  other  coarse  works. 

Iron  and  steel  in  rails  for  railwa3r8 

Those  are  admitted  as  rails  which  are  in 
sections  similar  to  those  adopted  by  the  pub- 
lic lailways. 
Iron  of  second  fabrication  (works  in  iron): 

Plain  

Pitted  up  with  other  metals      

Tin  plate  (soeets  of  iron  covered  with  tin, 
zinc,  or  lead) : 

Not  worked , 

Worked,  also  fitted  up  with  other  metals 
3te«l: 

Tempered,  in  bars,  rods,  plates,  and  steel 
wire. 

Inspiingsof  allkinds 

Otherwise  wrought 

Knives  for  the  arts  snd  trades,  and  knives 
with  common  wooden  handles,  not  orna- 
mented. 
Utensils  and  instruments  for  arts,  trades, 
and  agriculture,  of  iron,  steel,  or  iron  and 
steel: 

Sickles  and  small  sickles 

Not  named 

(Copper,  brass,  and  bronze : 

In  pigs,  cakes,  and  scraps 

In  rods,  sheets,  andpipee 

In  wire  of  less  than  5  millimeters  of  thick- 
ness. 

Hammered,  in  coarse  work 

In  other  work 

In  rods  or  wire,  gilt  or  galvanized 

Gilt  or  galvanized,  wound  on  cord  sr  fi- 
brous substance. 
Gilt  or  silvered,  in  other  work 


Unit 


Quintal 


. . .  .do 
....do 


..do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 
do 

.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 


Duties  on  imports. 


General. 


Itallire. 
2.00 


4.82 
&00 


4.82 

aoo 


7.00 
8.00 


11.80 
14.00 


10.76 
18.00 

10.00 

IS.  00 
2S.00 
18.00 


Conven- 
tional. 


ItalUre. 
2.00 


14.00 
14.00 

4.00 
10.00 
l&OO 

16.00 

26.00 

100.00 

100.00 

120.00 


4.82 

aoo 


482 

aoo 


H 

il 

9  Q 

p 
P 


ItaLUre. 


7.00 

aoo 


1L80 
14.00 


10.76 
18  00 


16.00 
25.00 


10.00 
12.00 


/ 


190 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Schedule  of  Italian  diUUa  on  imports  and  exporU — Continued. 


-3 
P 


1^ 

r 


ArtiolM. 


107 
188 

180 

190 
101 


192 
198 
194 


195 

196 

197 
198 


199 
200 

201 

202 


203 
204 


206 


Cateoobt  XII.— ifinatrft,  metals,  and  arti- 
cUs  mads  c^f  tA«m— Continued. 

Metallic  titsnee : 

Of  iron  and  steel 

Of  brass  and  copper 

Nickel  and  its  alloys  with  copper  and  sine : 

In  pigs,  cakes,  and  scraps 

In  sheets,  rods,  and  iron 

In  other  work *. 

Lead  and  its  alloys  with  antimony: 

In  pigs  and  cakes 

Hammered  in  sheets  or  in  pipes 

In  type 

In  otiier  work ;  also  in  balls  and  shot 

Pewter  and  its  alloys  with  lead  and  antimony 

In  pigs,  rods,  and  scraps 

Hammered  in  sheets  of  any  kind 

In  all  other  work. .' 

Zinc: 


In  nig  or  scrap . . 
lied  or  sheets. 


Bo 


In  other  work,  without  gilt 

In  other  work,  with  gilt 

Antimony  and  arsenic  in  a  metallic  state 

Morcnry 

Metals  not  named  and  alloys  not  named: 

In  raw  state , 

In  all  kinds  of  work 

Guns: 

Finished 

Id  pieces 

Pistols  and  revolvers : 

Finished 

In  pieces 

Sabers  and  swords: 

Mounted 

Engines,  steam : 

With  or  without  boilers,  and  hydraulic 
motion. 

Locomotive  (including  tender)  and  for 
vessels  with  or  without  boilers. 

Not  named,  and  detached  parts  of  ma- 
chines. 

Gasometers  and  their  appurtenances 

Appai-atus  of  copper  and  other  metals  to  heat, 

refine,  distill,  &c. 
Boilers,  detached,  of  iron  and  steel  plates,  with 
or  without  boilers,  tubes,  or  heaters. 

Carding  apparatus 

Cards  are  classed   among  machines  not 
named.    Cards  and  their  ftimiture  are  taxed 
separatelv  with  their  respective  duty,  though 
prcsentea  together  in  the  custom-house. 
vVagons  for  railways : 

For  baggage  and  merchandise 

For  passengers 

Gold: 

Crude,  in  bars,  in  dust,  in  scraps 

Boiled  in  sheets,  in  tinsel,  and  drawn 
through  a  wire  plate. 

Wound  on  silk 

Hammered  in  leaves  (without  deducting 
weight  of  paper). 

Money  of 

SUver: 

Crude,  in  rods,  dust,  or  scrap 

Boiled  in  sheets,  tinsel,  or  drawn  through 
wireplate. 

Wounaon  silk 

Hammered  in  leaves 

Money  of 


Unit. 


Quintal 
...do  .. 


.do 

do 

.do 

.do 
.do 
do 
.do 

do 
do 
do 


...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
..  do 
...do 


do 
.do 


Per  100 
Quintal 

Per  100 
Quintal 

Per  100 

Quintal 

do  .. 

— do  .. 


.do 
..do 

.do 

.do 


.do 
.do 


Kilogram 
do 


.do 
.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 

.do 
do 
.db 


Duties  on  imports. 


General. 


Conven- 
tional. 


M 

9 

e 

o 


li 


9 


20.00 

ItaL  lire. 

lUiLliirs. 

20.00 

......... 

4.00 

4.00 
10.00 
60.00 

10.00 

100.00 

0.50 
3.00 

5.00 

6.00 

4.00 

15.00 

20.00 

1.00 

4.00 

12.00 

58.00 

1.00 

10.00 

5.00 

100.00 

600.00 

200.00 

350.00 

700.00 

200.00 
8.00 

6.00 
6.00 
6.00 

10.00 

a  00 

8.00 

10.00 

10.00 
8.00 

10.00 
80.00 

9.00 

7.00 
13.00 

15.00 

10.00 

10.00 

10.00 

Free 

■ 

Free .... 

10.00 

10.00 

5.00 

Free .... 



TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  C0UMTBIE8. 


191 


iScheduU  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports— Contlnned. 


a 


ArtideB. 


Cateoobt  XIL— Ifintfrob,  metalM,  and  artieUt 
made  of  them — Continned. 


J(»welry : 

By  jewelry  is  meant  objects  of  Inxnry, 
small,  precious  by  work  and  material,  ana 
intend^  for  personal  ornament. 

Of  gold  

Of  silver  or  gilt 

Watches  and  clocks : 

Pocket  watches  in  gold  cases 

Watches  in  cases  of  any  other  metal 

Clocks 

Stands  and  glass  covers  and  similar  ad- 
loncts,  though  presented  with  the  clock,  mnst 
be  taxed  separately,  according  to  the  respect- 
ive article  m  the  tariff. 

Barrel  organs  and  masic  boxes 

Watch  and  clock  movements : 

Of  watches 

Of  boose  clocks 

For  towers  and  chnrches 

Watch  and  clock  famitnre 

Stonen,  earth,  i>ottery,  glass  and  crystal,  pre- 
cions  stones  worked : 

Rnbies,  emeralds,  diamonds,  &o 

Agates,  opals,  onyx,  &c 

Marble,  rongh    

Alabaster,  rough  . , 

Marble  and  alabaster  of  any  quality : 

In  slabs  16  centimeters  thick  and  more. . . 

In  stataary 

Otherwise  worked 

Stone  for  building,  rough,  sawed,  sculptured 

or  polished,  comprising  statues. 
Colored  earth  (clay)  pitchers,  jars,  &c  ...  — 
Stones,  earth,   and    minerals,  not  metallic; 

chalk,  lime,  and  cement 
Brick  (tiles,  bricks,  flat  tiles,  crude  squares 
for  flooring,  ten-a-colta  oipes). 

Sulphur,  raw,  or  reflned  newer  of  sulphur 

Bituminous  solids 

Coal,  mineral,  natural,  or  carbonised  (coke) . . . 

do 

Works  of  common  clay : 

Squares  for  floors,  enameled  or  polished.. 

Not  named  (crucibles,  jars,  stoves,  &c.).. 
Includeil  in  these  are  utensUs  and  pottery 
of  common  clay  without  enameling,  or  only 
covered  with  one  metallic  coating  of  brown, 
yellow,  green,  or  red. 
Mii^olica  work: 

Common,  or  of  colored  paste  with  opaque 
vainish. 

Fine  or  white  paste.  

Gilt  or  otberwtse  decorated 

Works  in  porcelain : 

White 

(rilt  or  otherwise  decorated 

Prodocts  of  the  ceramic  art,  decorated  with 
holders  or  pedcHtals  or  other  furniture  of  met- 
al, aroclassifleil  like  merchandise  according  to 
their  respective  quality,  save  the  exceptions 
in  the  explanatory  index. 
Plates  of  cr  ratal  and  glass : 

Not  polished  (except  common  ones  for 
windows). 

Common,  for  windows 

Silversmith  wares : 

Gold 

Silver,  even  gilt 


Duties  on  imports. 


r>A«<>«.<.i      Conven- 
General.      ^.^^^^ 


y. 

o 

H 

«  o 

•5  Pi 

0 
P 


...do 
Quintal 
...do 
...do 


Hectogram 
Kilogram .. 

Ton 

Quintal . . . . 


...do 
...do 
...do 
Ton  .. 


Quintal 
Ton.... 


ItdLlire. 
14.00 

Ital  lire. 

Ital  lire. 

10.00 

I 

3.00 

LOO 

S.00 

2.00 

0.25 

50.00 

20.00 

50.00 

14.00 



9.00 

Free .... 

0.50 

Free .... 

0.75 

.••••.. 

Free  .... 

Free 

4.00 


Free 


Quintal 

do  .. 

Ton 

Quintal 


Free 


Free 


Free 


0.50 


Free 
..do. 


do 
.do 


...do 


1.10 
2.20 


do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


,  ..do 
..do 


Hectogram 
Kilogram . . 


9.00 

13.00 
20.00 

l&OO 
35.00 


LIO 


1.50 


&00 

&00 

14.00 
9.00 


12.00 


8.75 


192 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Schedule  of  Italian  duties  on  importe  and  exports — Continaed. 


S 
5-2 


228 


229 


230 
231 
232 
233 


234 


235 
236 
237 
238 
239 
240 
241 
242 
243 
244 
245 
246 
247 
248 
249 
250 
251 
252 
253 
254 


255 


256 
257 
258 
259 
260 


Articlee. 


Catbgort  Xll.—MineraU,  metalt,  and  arti- 
eles  made  of  thefn — Continaed. 

Plat-oR  of  crystal  and  glass — Continaed. 

Polisbed  and  not  I«*a<led 

Platet*  or  panes  polished  or  smoothed  are 
distin^uiHhed  Irom  those  not  polish<^d  or 
ornde  in  t  hat  they  first  present  a  uniform 
SHi-face,  while  the  common  ones  far  win- 
dows are  always  uneven ;  and  the  others 
not  poliHbe<l  have  an  uneven  surface,  and 
generally  contain  scattered  sand  on  the 
side  which  has  touched  the  metal  in  which 
it  was  molded. 
Looking-glasHe^s,  framed  and  nnframed,  pol- 
ished and  quicksilvered  ( without,  deducting 
weight  of  the  immediate  case  holding  the 
same). 
Works  of  glass  and  crystal: 
Vases,  tubes,  and  similar  vessels  having 
cuts  to  indicate  the  divisions  in  millime- 
ters or  degrees  are  considered  as  belong- 
ing to  the  class  of  optical  instruments,  of 
calculation,  &a\ 

Simply  blown  or  molded,  not  colored, 
ground,  or  cut. 

Colored  or  gronnd 

Common  bottles 

Demijohns 

Broken  glass •-. 

Glass  crystals  enameled  in  all  kinds,  cat  as 

f:ems,  or  in  pieces  for  ohandelien,  and  the 
ike,  &c. 
Glassing  and  enameling  in  cakes,  in  rods,  or 
in  powder. 

Cateoobt  XIV.— Opreolt,  JUmr^  po^te,  and 
vetietaHe  produets  not  eomprifea  «n  other 
c(Uegorie9. 


Wh^atand  grain 

Grain  fotherthan  oats) 

Oats 

Chestnuts 

Potatoes 

Rice,  with  husk  or  withoat  ■ 

Floar 

Bran 

Paste  of  wheat 

Sea  bread  and  biscuits 

Refuse  material  (fecule) 

Starch 

Oranges  and  lemons,  also  in  salt  water. 
Citrons  and  limes,  also  in  salt  water  ... 

Fresh  grapes 

Fresh  fruits  not  nuned 

Dates 

Carob'  fruit 

Pistachio  nuts,  with  or  withoat  hall.... 
Dried  fruits: 

Almonds  without  shell 

Almonds  with  shell 

Nuts  and  small  nnts 

Oily  nuts  not  named 

Fi4» 

Raisins 

Not  named 

Fruits,  legumes,  and  vegetables : 

In  vinegar,  in  salt,  and  in  oil 

Inspirits  of  wine  

Mushrooms  and  truffles 

Hops 

BecKls  of  various  kinds 

Palm  and  cocoa  oil 

Cakes  of  nuts  and  other  material 


Unit. 


Qaintal 


..do 


.do 


...do.. 
Per  100 
Qaintal 
...do.. 
....do  .., 


.do 


Ton — 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
Qaintal 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
..do.. 
...do.. 
....do  .. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
— do  . 


.do 
do 

.do 
do 

.do 
do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 


Duties  on  imports. 


M 

o2 


General. 

Conven- 
tionaL 

Duties 
por 

Ital.  Ure. 
25l00 

ItaL  lire. 
20.00 

3&00 

a7.00 
11. 00 

Ital  Ure. 

50.00 

12.00 

l&OO 
3.00 

8.00 

Free.  .. 

60.00 
8.00 

30.00 

14.00 

11.60 

11.60 

Free 

do  .... 

do  .... 

2.77 

0.86 

5.50 

6.50 

Free .... 

4.50 

8.00 

4.00 

Free 

7.50 

Free .... 

1.00 

Free .... 

12.00 

1.75 

8.00 

Free 

Free . .. 

Free .... 

Free .... 

10.00 

10.00 

10.00 

2.00 

12.00 

40.00 

10.00 

1.00 

Free .... 

LIO 

1.00 

Free... 

Free.... 

(a)  Works  comprised  in  tiiis  article  have  the  conventional  daty,  thoagh  they  have  edges,  bottom,  or 
stoppers  ground  or  polished. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTUIES. 


193 


Sohtdale  of  Italian  duties  on  imports  and  exports — Continued. 


9 

Articles. 

Unit 

Duties  on  imports. 

f 

1- 

d 

General. 

Conven- 
tional. 

261 

CATRGOjir  XIY.— Cereals,  flour,  patU,  and 
vegetable  products  not  compriswi  in  other 
categories--iJoniiaiiiid. 

Vegetable  products : 

Leffumes  and  vegetables 

Quintal 

Ital  lire. 
Free 

Ital  lire. 

Ital  lire. 

Not,  nAni(^<l .........  r . 

....do 

Free .... 

262 

CATEOOnT  XV. — Animals,  products,  and  re- 
mains of  animals  not  comprised  in  othsr 
categoriet. 

Horses 

Each 

20.00 
6.00 
1.50 

l&OO 

laoo 

7.50 
7.50 
6.00 

3.00 

0.20 

0.75 
2.50 

5.00 

25.00 

5.00 

40.00 

15.00 

Free 

Free .... 

263 

Mules 

....d» 

254 

Asses 

do 

205 

Oxen  and  bulls,  known  as  such  wben  tbey 
have  no  longer  milk  teeth : 
Of  li>iw  tb«p  'A'iO kilofrnMnna r  .,.r 

do 

15.00 
15.00 

7.50 
7.50 
5.00 

2.00 

0.20 

Of  erealer  wcicbt 

....do 

26G 

Cows,  known  as  such  after  losing  their  milk 
teeth : 

Less  than  1 50  kilograms  of  weight 

Of  lareer  weicht 

...do  

....do  

?fl7 

Heifers  nml  steers,  known  as  such  if  they  still 

have  some  milk  teeth. 
Calves,  are  so  considered  when  having  all  the 

milk  te«-th. 
SbecD  aud  noats 

...do 

26« 

..  do 

269 

....do 

270 

Swiue: 

do 

Weiffhinii  more  than  20  kilosrams 

, .  ..do 

271 

Moat: 

Presh.  and  of  fowls 

Quintal 

Animals,  slaughtered  but  entire,  excepting 
game,  pay  same  duty  as  fresh  meat  when 
cut  up. 
Salted,  smoked,  or  otherwise  orenared 

....tlo 

a20.00 

Cooked 

do 

272 

Extract  of  meat 

..  do 

273 

CrOm** r T......rTT.r^T..... 

....  do 

274 

Leeches 

..  do 

275 

Intestines: 

I^Yesh 

...  do 

Free ... 

Salted 

....  do 

4.00 

Free 

6.00 

6.00 

10.00 

10.00 

80.00 

Free 

276 

Fish: 

Fresh,  of  anv  kind 

...  do 

Free .... 

Dried  or  smoked 

.  ...do 

(6) 

Put  down  in  salt 

....do 

Put  down  in  oil 

....do 

Preserved  in  boxes 

....do 

...... .... 

277 

Caviar  and  other  eims  of  fish,  preserved 

....do 

278 

Milk .'.:. 

....  do 

279 

Extract  of  milk 

....do 

15.00 

10.00 
15.  CO 
15.00 
Free 

280 

ButtiT: 

Fresh 

...  do 

5.00 

Salted 

...do 

281 

Cheese 

. . .  do 

e8.00 

282 

Eggs  of  fowls 

....  do 

283 

Fat  of  all  kinds 

...do 

1.00 
10.00 
15.00 
Free 

284 

Stearic  acid 

....  do  ............. 

285 

Stearic  candles 

....do 

286 

Bees  in  hives 

....do 

287 

Honey  of  all  kinds 

....do    ..a.......... 

10.00 

15.00 
20.00 
80.00 
40.00 
10.00 

5.00 

288 

Wax: 

Yellow,  not  worked - 

....do 

Yellow,  worked 

....do 

"White,  unworked 

....do  ............. 

White,  worked 

....do 

Waste  of  wax  candles 

do 

J  a)  By  the  treaty  there  is  allowed  an  importation  of  4,000  quintals  per  year  of  dried  and  salted  mutton 
led  "castradlna,"  at  a  duty  of  5  lire  per  100  kilograms,  on  condition  of  producing  certificates  of 
origin. 

(b)  By  the  treaty  are  admitted  free  of  duty  sardines,  anchovies,  and  the  like,  packed  in  salt  or  in  salt 
water. 

(e)  The  cheese  known  as  '*brindza,**  made  of  goat  and  sheep  milk,  can  be  imported  fh>m  AuatiiA* 
Hungary  up  to  800  quintals  per  year  on  producing  proper  certificates  of  origin. 

1784  CONG — A  P 13 


194 


TARIFFS    OF    THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES. 


289 
290 

291 
202 
203 


204 
295 
296 


297 


298 


280 


800 


801 
802 


Schedule  of  Kalian  duties  on  imports  and  erpoW^^ContiDued. 


Unit. 


CATEtiOKY  XV — Animals,  products,  and  re- 
■inainx  of  animuU  not  cvinpritied  in  other 
catt>j(>rics — Couimued. 

Cluo: 

Strong Quintal 

Fish —  do 

FoatluMs: 

For  omanicnts,  not  worked KiIo;;ram 

For  omamcDta,  worked '  . .  do 

For  beds | do 

Hair : 

Not  worked ' do 

Worked do 

SpODfft'8: 

Common do 

Fine do 

Coral«: 

rinworked do 

Worked,  not  ornamented  in  gold do 

Ivory,  mother  of  pt-arl.  tortoise,  uu worked do  ...^. 

Horns,  bonea,  and  the  like,  unworked Ton 

Compost  or  manure do 


Categoby  XVI. 

Mcrrery  (Merccrie) : 

Objects  cla8i<«tl  in  the  explanatory  index 
(Ut'pertorio)  as  mercerie,  without  indicating 
tho  kinds,  pass  oh  fine  mercery  when  loade 
in  whole  or  in  part  of  gilt  paper  painted  or 
colored ;  of  ivory,  mi>ther  of  prarl,  or  tor- 
toise; of  mosaic  or  of  lava,  and  when  they 
aro  gaiuislied  witli  beads,  small  pearls,  and 
othtT  liivo  things  of  glass,  or  of  crystal,  or  of 
silk,  amber  (true  or  falsr),  of  Russian  leather, 
or.  lastly,  when  at  all  gilt  or  silvered.  How- 
ex  or,  if  those  objects  are  set  in  precious 
nil  tals  they  pass  as  silverware  or  jewelry. 
Oi)iect-s  classed  by  said  index  as  common 
m^M-cory,  when  formed  exclusively  of  wood, 
jtass  an  mercery  of  wood. 

Common,  except  thoseof  wood  and  wooden 
toys. 

Fine 

Ordinary  fans 

Fine  fans.   

Mnsic.il  instruments: 

Oriians  for  churches  

Pori  able  orizans    

ThoRo  with  keys  and  bellows  and  pipes 
I  utnide,  large  or  small,  intended  as  furniture 
for  rooms,  pay  the  sjme  as  vertical  pianos. 

Pianos,  upright  or  horizontal 

Pianos,  grand 

Harmoniums,  or  fisarmoniche 

Not  named   —  

Instruments,  optical,  of  calculation,  of  pre- 
cision, of  observation,  chemical,  medioat,  or 
surgical. 
India-rubber  and  entta-percha: 

K  iw.  solid  or  liniiid 

Worked  in  braids,  ribbons,  and  elastic 
tissues. 

In  other  works   comprising  ohjeota  of 
dress  and  footware. 

Caps 

Hats: 

Of  pure  silk  or  mixed  with  other  material, 
except  those  gamisheii  for  ladies. 

Of  any  other  material  except  sti«w,  and 
except  thos  *  garnished  for  ladies. 

Of  any  quality,  garnished  for  ladies 


Quintal 


.do 
do 
do 


...do 
Each 


...do.. 
...do.. 
...do  . 
...do.. 
Quintal 


..do 
..do 


..do.. 
Per  100 
...do.. 
...do  .. 
. .  .do  . . 


Duties  on  imports. 


r>..««~>i      Conven- 
Gcneral.      ^.^^^i_ 


M 

e 

§3 


9 

Q 


Ital.  lire. 

4.00 

10.00 


ItaX.  Lre.    lUxL  lirt. 


3 

35. 
Free , 


00 
00 


3.00 
10.00 

20.00 
100.00 


Free  . . . . 
10.00 
10.00 
Free  — 
Free 


10.00 


06.00 

00.00 
120.00 

140. 00 

90.00 

150.00 

.......... 

12.00 

5w00 

80.00 

80.00 
80.00 

15C.00 

20.00 

2.00 

1.00 

30.00 

Free 

115.50 

115.50 
32.00 

82.00 

100.00 

150.00 

100.00 

050.00 

500.00 

a  The  conventional  duty  of  50  lire  is  applied  tmly  to  felt  hats.  Those  of  ordinary  felt,  not  gamislwd, 
for  use  of  peasan  s,  when  from  the  Trent,  enter  Italy  at  the  reduced  duty  of  15  centimes  each  on  pro* 
dnction  of  proper  certificates  of  origin . 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


195 


Schedule  of  lialian  duiies  on  imports  and  exporia — Continned. 


I 


Articlcg. 


04 


aor? 


Catboort  XVI— Continued. 

Artificial  flowers 

Materials  for  artificial  flowcFH     

By  tbcso  aro  meant  those  tbings  ovideotly 
intended  to  represent  parts  of  flowers,  as 
leaves,  calix.  petal,  and  the  like. 

Franic-work  for  articles  of  fashion 

Umbrellas: 

These  are  claused  exclnaively  with  rofntrd 
to  their  covering,  and  not  with  regard  to  their 
linintr. 

Of  silk 

Of  any  other  material 

Haterial«t  for  umbrellas    

Paint  bmAhes  with  or  withont  handles 

Objects  of  collection 

By  these  are  meant  objects  not  commercial, 
having  a  carious  or  scientific  interest;  sam- 
ples of  objects  of  natural  history,  like  rare 
animals,  living,  stuffed,  or  otherwise  pre- 
served ;  empt  y  Hhells,  except  mother  of  pearl ; 
samples  of  minerals,  except  precious  stones; 
dried  trees  or  herbs,  Sto.i  antiques,  old  armor; 
antique  furniture,  mosaics  and  works  of  lava 
detached,  of  all  dimensions,  and  all  that  be- 
longs to  numismatics,  like  medals,  cameos, 
and  stones  anciently  cut.  In  objects  of  col- 
lections are  not  comprised  objects  of  art  an- 
terior to  the  lOth  century  in  marble,  stone, 
or  any  other  material,  nor  paintings,  minia- 
tnres,  designs  on  cloth,  wooid,  walls,  copper, 
paper,  &o.,  the  exportation  of  which  is  dis- 
ciplined by  special  laws. 


Duties  on  imports. 


Unit. 


Gemral. 


Kilogram 
...do 


.do 


Per  100 
...do.. 
Quintal 
...do.. 
...do.. 


It4xl.  lire. 

10.00 

5.00 


LOO 


120.00 

60.00 

80.00 

15.00 

Free.... 


Conven- 
tional. 


ItaL  lire. 


H 
« 

Ml 

•*» 

0 
P 


Jtal.  lire. 


I  pr.  ot 


196 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


SPECIAL  TABIFF  OF  HALT  WITH  FBAHCE. 

UEPORT  BY  CONSUL  OBAIN,  OF  MILAX. 

1  have  the  honor  to  inclose  herewith  a  list  of  duties  on  articles  of 
French  origin  or  manufacture  imported  into  Italy  as  established  by 
the  treaty  of  commerce  concluded  between  Italy  and  France  November 
3,  1881,  and  put  in  force  the  16th  ultimo. 

The  duties  on  articles  exported  from  Italy  to  France,  prescribed  by 
the  fourth  article  of  the  treaty,  are  also  contained  in  this  list,  though 
they  do  not  differ  from  the  Italian  export  duties  previously  existing. 

In  my  dispatch  No.  46,  of  the  11th  of  March  last,  I  inclose<l  to  the 
Department  a  schedule  embracing  the  duties  on  imports  into  Italy  both 
under  the  Italian  general  tariff  and  the  treaty  concluded  between  Italy 
and  AustriarHupgary  December  27,  1878.* 

That  schedule,  together  with  the  list  herewith  inclosed,  comprehends 
the  whole  rSgime  of  Italian  import  and  export  duties. 

DUNHAM  J.  CEAIN, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Milauj  June  26, 1882. 


Italian  duties  on  imports  of  French  origin  or  manufacture  under  the  treaty  between  France 

and  Italy  in  force  on  and  after  May  16,  1882. 


Articles. 


Category  1.—Spirit8,  beverages,  and  mis. 

Waters,  mineral,  natural  or  m-tifloial,  and  aerated  waters 

Wines  in  casks,  of  all  kinds  (casks  excluded) 

Same  m  bottles 

Spirits: 

Not  sweetened  or  aromatized,  comprising  rum,  aqna  vitas  in  casks 
(casks  included). 

Sweet cn^'d  or  aiomatized,  in  casks 

Of  ail  kiuWs,  in  bottles  of  a  capacity  exceeding  a  half  litw  but  not 
more  than  a  liter. 

Of  every  kind,  in  bottles,  of  a  capacity  of  one-half  liter  or  less 

Oils,  firm : 

Of  olive 1 

Not  named. 


Categouy  III. — Chemical  products,  medicinal  compounds,  rosins,  and 

per/iwiery. 

Empty  boxes  for  above  articles 

Medicines  compounded,  not  named,  accepted  by  a  faculty  of  medicine 
(without  tare  for  the  immediate  covers). 

Gums  and  rosins,  indigenous,  crude 

8oapi>: 

C  ommon   • 

Perfumed. 

Sealing  wax 

Perfumery : 

With  base  of  alcohol  (without  tare  for  the  immediate  cover,  and  not 
comprising  the  internal  taxes). 


Not  having  alcohol  as  a  base 


Unit. 


100  kilo^rrams. 

Hectoliter 

..do 


.do 


..  do.. 
The  100 


.do 


100  kilograms. 
do 


...do 
...do 


do 

do 
do 
do 


..do 
.do 


Publisbed  in  Commercial  RelatioDB  for  1879,  yoI.  2,  p.  825. 


Duties  on 
imports. 


Ital.  Urt. 
0.50 
4.00 
4.00 

liOO 

23.00 
'^-  00 


18.00 

3.00 
6.00 


60.00 
12.00 

LOO 

6.00 
12  00 
80.00 

87.50 

12.00 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


197 


Italian  duties  on  imports  of  French  origin,  tf-c. — CoDtinued. 


Articles. 


Catioort  IV. — Coloring  materials  /or  dyeing  and  tanning. 

CdoTinK  matter  derired  tnm  tar  or  from  other  bitnminoas  sabatancea : 

In  a  dry  atat« 

In  iMiateor  liquid  

ColoriDfE  extractafrom  wood  for  dyeing,  and  other  dyeing  mat«riala 
ofallkinda. 
Sxtractn  from  cbeatnot  and  other  tannic  Joicea,  liqnld  or  aolid  extraota 
from  vegetablea. 

Coloring  matirala  in  cakes  or  in  powder 

Sboe-blacking 


Catboobt  Y.—Hsmp,  Jlax,  juts,  and  othsr  fibrous  MjpetaNM  (etreltitiM 

q^eoffon). 


Covdagp,  cablea,  alao  tarred . 
Twine 


Tbrrad: 

Of  flax,  ain'gle  emde,  waahed  or  whitened 

Of  licmp,  aingle,  tinted 

Of  hemp,  twftted,  crude,  waahed  or  bleached. 
Of  hemp,  twiated,  tinted 


Of  flax  and  hemp,  not  having  over  five  threada  of  warp  within  a 
•pace  of  5  millimeters,  crude  or  white,  not  comprising  the  pack- 
ing cloth. 

Of  packing  cloth,  girths,  ond  tubing 

Tinted  or  made  of  tinted  thread  

Of  flax  and  of  hemp,  having  in  the  warp  more  than  five  threads  in 
the  apace  of  5  millimeters,  crude,  bleached  or  mixed  with  white. 

Tinted  or  manufactured  of  tinted  threads 

Of  flax  or  hemp,  printed 

Of  flax  or  hemp,  embroidered  

Of  flax,  waxed  for  floors,  and  stufBs  tarred  and  oiled 

Of  all  other  kinda 

Knitted  goods  and  braids  of  flax  and  of  hemp 

Bottom  and  ribbons  of  flax  audhemp 

I^ees  and  tulles  of  flax  and  hemp ,... 

Sewed  articles  (10  per  cent,  in  audition  to  duty  on  tissues  of  which  they 
are  made.) 

Catbooht  YI.— CoOotm. 
Tisaaea,  cotton : 

Of  cotton,  ciudc,  which  weigh  13  kilograms  or  more  every  100  meters 
square,  and  preaent  in  warp  and  woof,  in  a  square  of  6  millimeters 
to  the  side.  27  elementary  toreada  or  less. 

Horn  than  27  threads      

Crude,  which  weigh  7  kilograms  or  more  but  leaa  than  13  every  100 
meters  square,  and  present  with  woof  and  warp,  in  a  square  of  6 
miUimetera  the  side,  27  elementary  threada  or  lesa. 

More  than  27  threads 

Crude,  which  weigh  less  than  7  kilograms  every  100  meters  square, 
and  present  in  woof  and  warp,  in  a  square  of  6  millimetera  the 
aide,  27  elementary  thruada  or  lesa. 

Ifore  than  27  threads 

Bleached  (dutiea  as  on  tissues  crude  and  20  per  cent,  in  addition). 

Colored  or  tinted  (duties  as  on  tissues  crude,  with  35  fhmcs  in  addi- 
tion for  every  ]()0  kilograms). 

Printed  (duties  aa  on  tiasues,  bleached,  plna  70  Dranoa  per  100  kilo- 
grams). 

Waxed  for  floors  and  tiaaues  tarred 

AU  other  kinds 

Boitooa,  knit  gooda,  braida,  and  cotton  covera 

Galloona  and  cotton  ribbona 

Cotton  velvet: 

Crude  

White 

Tinted 

Sewed  articlea  (duties  of  the  article  of  which  they  are  compoaed, 
pfaialOpercent.). 

Catboobt  YII.— IToot,  hair,  and  Isathsr. 

Wool  in  maaa.  natural,  washed,  combed,  tinted;  waste  of  wool 

Hair  erode  or  tinted,  and  skins  of  all  kinda. 

Hair  curled,  cords,  and  coarse  work  in  hair 

Thread: 

Of  wool  OT  of  leather,  aimple  crude  or  white 

Tinted 

Of  wool  twisted,  crude  or  white 

Of  wool  twisted,  colored 


Unit. 


100  kilograms. 

...do 

— do 


100  kilogiama. 


do 
.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 


— do 


...do 
...do 
...do 


..  do 

...do 

..  do 

..do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Per  kilogram 


100  kilograms. 


...do 
— do 


...do 
..  do 


.do 


Duties  on 
imports. 


ItalUrs. 
1S.0O 
10.00 
12.60 

Free. 

12.00 
5.00 


8.00 
4.00 

11.58 
17.10 
23.10 
84.05 

23.10 


12.00 
8a  00 
57.75 

90.00 
115.00 
260.00 

20.00 

40.00 
110.00 
100.00 

80.00 


67.00 


tLt» 
00.00 


7&00 

8a  00 


100.00 


.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 

.do 


100  kilograms. 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


26.00 

60.00 

100.00 

00.00 

120.00 
140.00 
155.00 


Freo. 
xree. 
&00 

6000 
75.00 
00.00 
00.00 


198 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEUAL  COUNTRIES. 


Italian  duties  on  imporia  of  French  origin,  ^c. — Continued. 


Articles. 


Catkoobt  VIL— TFooI,  }uUr,  and  20a(A«r->Coiitinaed. 


HattTMaes  of  all  kiDds 

Tiasaes: 

Of  carded  wool 

Of  wool,  carded,  with  warp  compoaed  entirely  of  cotton 

Of  wool,  combed 

Combed,  with  warp  entirely  composed  of  cotton  thread. 

Embroidered 

Felt.  forhaU 

Felt,  tarred,  compressed,  for  soles,  6i,c 

Tissues : 

Of  hair,  for  upholstei-ing 

Of  every  other  kind 

Koitted  and  braids 

Galloons  and  ribbons 

Buttona* 


Laces  nml  tulles 

Covers  of  waste  wool,  of  bands  or  strips,  or  selvage  of  cloth 

Car])ets  of  waste  wool,  of  bands  or  strips,  and  of  Mlvage  of  cloth  

Covers  and  carpets  of  wool 

bewed  artiolea  (dm  ies  of  the  tissnes  of  which  they  are  made,  plus  10  per 
cent,  of  those  duties). 


Catkgobt  yni. 


Silk  worm  eggs. 
Cocouns 


do 

do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 
do 
do 

.do 
do 
do 
do 


SUk: 

Baw  or  worked,  not  tinted 

Haw  or  worked,  tinted 

Sewing  silk ^ 

Waste  of  silk: 

Combed 

llaw 

Span 

Tinted 

Velvet  of  silk 

Tissuea: 

Of  silk,  black  and  lostrooa 

Of  ailk,  not  named 

Of  waste  silk 

Of  waste  silk,  or  silk  mixed  with  other  materials  in  which  silk 
waste  enters  in  the  proportion  of  tnmx  12  to  SO  per  cent. 

Ordinary,  of  waste  of  silk,  or  of  hand-spun  waate  of  ailk  (barallo) 
mixed  or  not  with  other  materiala. 

Laces  and  tnllea  of  ailk 

Laces  and  tnllea  of  ailk,  worked 

Tulles  and  galloona  of  silk  or  silk  waste,  with  gold  or  silver,  fine  or  falae 
Bnttoos  covered  with  staffs  of  ailk  or  auk  waate: 

Ifthe  staff  is  plain 

Same  if  worked 

Sumo  if  mixed  with  other  material  and  plain 

Same  if  mixed  with  other  material  and  worked 

Articles  sewed  (duty  of  the  artiole  of  which  compoaed,  with  10  per 
cent,  of  additional  of  that  dnty) . 

CathtiOBT  IX.~irood  and  ttraw. 

Furniture,  not  npholatered: 

lu  \voo<i,  curved,  also  vamiahed,  with  or  without  cane 

Other  in  common  wood 

Furniture  of  ordinary  wood,  npholatered 

Furniture  of  ebony,  veneered  or  inlaid  or  npholatered 

Utensils  and  other  works  in  common  wood : 

Koi  polished  nor  colored 

Others 

IUmuI -carts,  common  wagons: 

For  roads,  common 

Of  2  wheels 

Of4  wheels  and  4  springs 

Ofmore  than  4  springs 

Braids: 

Of  straw 

Of  bark,  of  broom,  d^c,  for  fine  hats 

For  ordinary  hata , 

For  oorda  and  other  worka 

Hata  with  atraw,  not  with  garniture  (compriaing  hata  of  palm, 
chip,  Sec.). 

*Thoae  bnttona  only  pay  220  lire  whoae  tiaane  ia  covered  with  omamenta. 
•tufb  pay  aa  fine  mercery,  i.  a.,  £ancy  gooda. 


Unit. 


Dotiea  on 
importa. 


100  kilograma. 


.  do 
.  do 
.  do 
.  do 
.  do 
..do 
..do 

.  do 
.  do 
.  do 
.do 

.do 

.  do 
.do 
.  do 
.  do 


100  kilograma. 

...  do 

..do 

..do 

Per  kilogram . 


Quintal 
..  do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 


do 
do 


Each 
..do 
...do 
...do 


Per  100 


Ital. lire. 
15.00 

iiaoo 

83.50 
170.00 
130.00 
400.00 

I&OO 
7.00 

W.00 

165.00 

200.00 

220.00 

5     220. 00 

\      110. 00 

soaoo 

60.00 

60.00 

110.00 


Free. 
Free. 

Free. 
Free. 
lYee. 

10.00 

Fioe. 

50.00 

100.00 

6.50 

4.00 
4.76 
4.00 
2.60 

2.00 

aoo 

12.00 
10.00 

LOO 
4.00 
LOO 
2.00 


7.50 
13.00 
40.00 
40.00 

Free. 
&00 

22.00 

33.00 

110.00 

330.00 

Freei 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
10.00 


All  other  bnttona  of 


TABIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTBIES. 


199 


Italian  duties  on  imports  of  French  origin,  If-c. — Contioued. 


Articles. 


Unit 


do 
du 
do 


Catkgobt  X.— Paper  and  books. 

Paper,  colored,  gilf,  or  painted,  ftnished 

Geographical  maps 

Pi  inta,  litUojiraplis 

Books: 

Printed,  seirod,  or  simply  boond 

Bound  in  past eboani 

Boand  in  leather  or  parchment 

In  whatever  other  wanner  bound !...  do 

Music,  ptintcd '  ..  do 

Catkgobt  Xl.—Leather  or  skins. 
Skins: 

Moroccoed,  in  all  colors 

Varnished 

Varnished  or  moroccoed,  out  in  legs,  soles,  or  strips  for  hats 

Muffi.  of  skins: 

Fine 

Common 


Per  100 

100  kiloCTams. 
..do..  


GloTes  of  skim*  of  all  kinds,  also  simply  cat '  Pi>r  100  pairs. 


Boots  and  shoes  and  boskins. 

All  other  kinds 

Valises 

Works  in  skins,  tanned,  without  hair,  not  named. 


Catbgobt  Xn.— If in^roif,  metals,  and  man%faetwrss  thsreqf. 

Cast  iron: 

InpiK 

Worked,  in  piece*,  crude 

Pieces,  molded,  turned.  Sec 

Iron,  crude,  and  steel,  in  pig 

"    B  or  steel,  not  tempered : 

Plated  or  beaten  (ro<ls  of  more  than  5  millimeters  in  diameter  and 
bars  of  any  dimenaions). 

Id  rods  (comprising  wire  of  5  millimeters  at  least  of  diameter  or  of 
width). 

In  plates  of  the  thickness  of  4  millimeters  or  more 

Under  4  millimeters  of  thickness,  and  also  in  tubes 

and  steel: 

Forged  in  anchors,  axles  of  wagons,  anvils,  and  other  crude  works. . 

In  railroad  rails        

Of  second  manufacture,  iron  works,  simple 

Garnished  with  oth<r  metals 

Sheets  of  i*t>n  coated  with  tin.  with  £ino,  or  lead : 

Not  work*»d 

Worked,  also  gai  nished  with  other  metals 

Steel: 

Tempered,  in  springs  of  any  kind 

Otherwise  worked  

Knives  for  the  arts  and  trades,  and  knives  witli  wooden  handles, 
common,  not  garnished. 
UtcsMils  and  instruments  for  the  arts  and  agrioulture  and  trades  of 
iron,  steel,  or  iron  and  steeL 

Sickles  and  small  sickles 

Not  named 

Copper,  braas,  and  bronce : 

In  pig,  in  cake,  filings,  and  pieces 

In  plates,  cixMs-bars,  leaves,  plates,  or  tubes 

In  wires  of  less  than  5  millimetcov  of  thickness 

Drawn  in  network,  in  crude  work 

Inotherworks   

In  rods,  in  gilt  or  silvered  wire 

Gil k  or  sil  vered,  covered  wi th  thread  or  tissue 

Gilt  or  silvered,  in  other  works 

Woven  stufb: 

In  ircm  or  steel 

In  brass  or  copper 

mokel,  with  its  alloys  with  copper  and  sine,  in  pieces,  in  cake,  and  scr&p 
mckel: 

In  leftves,  cakes,  and  wire 

Inotherworks 

Tin  and  its  sllojs  with  lead  and  antimony : 

In  cake,  in  pieces,  and  scraps 

Beaten  in  leaves  of  every  kind 

Inotherworks .' 


Xetab  and  metalUe  alloys  not  named: 

In  erode  state 

la  works  of  any  kind 


do 

.-  do 

Eaeh 

100  kilograms. . 


do 
do 
do 
do 

do 

.do 

do 
do 

do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 
.do 

do 
do 
.do 

do 

.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
do 
do 

do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 
.do 


Duties  on 
imports. 


ItaL  lire. 

20.00 
Frea 

50.00 

Free. 
12.00 
20.00 

leo.oo 

5.00 


75.00 
75.00 
75.00 

600.00 

800.00 

7.50 

110.  CO 

70.00 

2.00 

50.00 


Free. 
4.00 
5.00 
2.0* 

4.02 

8.00 

4.63 
&00 

7.00 

3.00 

11.80 

14.00 

10.76 
16.00 

15.00 
25.00 
16.00 

10.  CO 

10.00 
12.00 

4.00 

10.00 

15.00 

15.00 

25.00 

100.00 

100.00 

120.00 

20.00 

20.00 

4.00 

10.00 
60.00 

4.00 
15.00 
20.00 
10.00 

S.00 
100.00 


200 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Italian  duties  on  imports  of  French  origin,  ^*o. — Continued. 


Articles. 


Catsoort  XTL—Mineralt,  metaU,  and  manv/aetunt  thtreof. 

Hachinet,  by  stenm : 

Stationary,  with  or  without  boilers,  and  hydraulic  motors 

Locomotives  for  railways  and  others,  and  machinery  for  navigation, 
with  or  without  boilers. 

Not  named  and  parts  of  machines 

Gasometers  and  their  accessories 

Apnaratnees  of  copper  and  other  metals  to  heat,  refine,  to  distill,  &o — 

Boilers,  in  iron  or  steel  plates,  with  or  without  tubes 

Freight  railrosd  wagons 

Passenger  railroad  carriages 

Gold: 

Cylindtred  and  polished  and  perforated 

woven  in  silk 

Beaten  in  sheets  (without  deducting  weight  of  paper) 

Silver: 

Cylindered,  in  sheet,  and  polished  and  perforated 

Woven  In  silk - 

Beaten  in  sheets  (without  deducting  weight  of  paper) 

Jewelry  and  table  plate : 

Of  gold 

Of  silver  or  gilt 

Jewelry: 

Of  gold 

Of  gold  or  gilt 

Timepieces: 

Watches  in  gold  cases 

In  cases  of  any  other  metal 

Table  clocks  and  wall  clocks 

Cvlinder  organs  or  mnsic  boxes ■ 

Movements  of  clocks  or  watches 

Movements  of  table  clocks  and  wall  clocks 

Movements  of  clocks  of  towers  or  churches 

Clock  furniture 

Coal  and  coke  J. 

Porcelain,  eatlhenware,  and  glassware : 

Earthenware,  common  ware,  in  pitchers,  glazed,  or  enameled 

Not  named 

Mi^oUca,  common,  colored  with  dark  varnish 

Fine  or  white 

G  il t  or  otherwise  decorated 

Of  white  porcelain 

Of  porcelain,  gilt,  or  otherwise  decorated 

Plates  of  glass  or  crystal,  not  polished,  of  thickness  of  4  millimeters 
or  more. 

For  windows 

Polished,  without  qulbkstlver 

Looking-glasses  in  fhimes,  and  plates  of  looking-glasses,  polished 
and  silvered,  without  tare. 

Works  of  glass  and  crystal,  simply  blown  or  melted,  not  colored  nor 
ground  nor  cut. 
Colored  or  ground 

Bottles,  common 

Dem^onos   

Glasses  and  crystals  enameled,  cut  in  beads,  or  in  pierced  pieces  — 

Glass  in  cake,  or  bars,  or  powaer 

Alimentary  or  vegetable  products: 

Paste  of  wheat 

Sea  biscuits  or  bread 

Waste  provisions 

Oranges,  lemons,  even  if  in  salted  water 

Clttons 

Fresh  fruits  not  named 

Dates 

Pistachio-nuts,  with  or  without  shells 

Dried  fruits,  almonds,  with  or  without  shells 

Nuts  or  small  nuts .' 

Oil-nnts  not  named 

Not  named,  except  figs  and  grapes  

Fruits  and  vegetables,  in  vinegar,  salt,  or  oil 

In  spirits  of  wine 

DiflereDt  seeds 

Oil  of  palm  or  cocoaout 

Cakeof  nuts  or  other  mat eiial 

Vegetable  products  and  fresh  vegetables 

Not  named 

Fresh  meats  and  poultry 

Salted,  smoked,  or  otherwise  prepared 

Cooked 

Extracts  of  meat  and  soup  paste 


Unit. 


100  kilograms 

do 


do 
do 
.do 
do 
do 
do 


Per  kilogram 
W'AoV.'.V.'.V, 


do 

.do 

do 


Per  hectogram 
Per  kilogram  .. 

Per  hectogram . 
Per  kilogram  . . 

Bach 

....do 

..  do 

...do 

...  do 

100  kilograms. 

...do... 

.  -do 


100  kilograms 
— do 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 


..do 

Per  100 

100  kilograms. 

do 

...do 


do 
do 


100  kilograms. 


100  kilograms. 


100  kilograms 

— do 

...do 


100  kilograms. 

...do..: 

...do 

...do   


DntinoD 
imports. 


ItaL  Un. 

6lO0 
&00 

&00 

aoo 

10.00 
8.00 
7.00 

13.00 

10.00 
10.00 
10.00 

10.00 

10.00 

S.0O 


14.00 

5.00 

7.00 

10.  M 

3.00 

1.00 

5.00 

2.00 

0.25 

50.00 

20.00 

5a  00 

Free. 

1.10 
1.50 

aoo 

12.00 
IH.OO 
12.00 
32.00 
3.75 

aoo 

20.00 
35.00 

7.00 

11.00 
3.00 
3.00 

30.00 
5.00 

5.50 
5.50 

Free. 

2.00 

Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

aoo 

Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
2.00 

aoo 

40.00 
Free. 

1.00 
Free. 
Free. 
Free. 
&00 
20.00 
5.00 
40.00 


TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTEIES. 


201 


Italian  duties  on  imparts  of  French  origin^  ^c. — Continued. 


Articles. 


Sardines  and  the  like,  salted  or  in  oil,  oven  in  boxes 

Fats  ot  nil  kinds 

Stearic  acid 

Stearic  caudles 

Glne,  strong 

Fish  pine 

Feathers  and  hats : 

Feathers  for  ornament,  worked 

Hats,  worked 

Sponges,  corals,  and  comiKMts : 

Sponges,  common 

Corals,  crude  or  worked 

Composts.,  i 

Mercery,  common,  and  fans : 

Mercery,  common,  except  those  of  wood  and  wooden  toys ^. . . 

Fine 

Fans,  fine 

Common 

Mnsical  instmments : 

Church  organs 

Portable  organs 

Pianos,  horizontal  or  vertical  

Grand  piano-fortes 

Harmoniums  and  the  like 

Instioiments  not  named 

Caps  and  hats : 

Caps  '. 

Hats  of  pure  silk  or  mixed  with  other  material,  except  garnished 
hats  for  ladies. 

Hats  of  any  other  material  except  of  straw,  of  felt,  and  those  gar- 
nished for  ladies. 

Hats  of  felt 

Hats  of  any  quality  garnished  for  ladies 

'Objects  of  fashion: 

Artificiul  flowers  

Materials  for  art  iflclal  flowers 

Frames  for  articles  of  fasliion 

Objects  for  collections 


Unit. 


100  kilograms. 
..do 


do 

do 

do 

.do 


Per  kilogram 


do 


100  kilograms 


100  kilograms 

.-  do 

...do 

...do , 


..do 
£ach. 
...do 
..  do 
..do 
...do 


Per  100 
do  . . 


do 

.do 
do 


1  kilogram 
...do  .... 
...do 


Duties  on 
imports. 


Ital.  lire, 

10.00 

1.00 

&00 

15.00 

4.00 

10.00 

15.00 
10  00 

15.00 
100.00 
Free. 
Free. 

00.00 
100.00 
150.00 

90.00 

12.00 
6.00 
60.00 
75.00 
20.00 
1.00 

100.00 
150.00 

100.00 

50.00 
500.00 

6.00 
5.00 
LOO 
Free. 


Italian  export  duties  established  by  the  treaty  of  commerce  with  France, 


Boracicncid 

Marine  and  rock  salt 

Tartar  and  dregs  of  wiDo 

Dyeing  and  tanning  materials 

Dyeing  and  tanning  materials,  ground. 

Silk,  raw  and  worked  — 

Waste  of  silk,  raw  or  combed 

Rags  of  all  kinds 

Skms,  fresh  and  dry 

Minerals  of  iron 

Mini-ralsofluad  .« 

Mine'al  of  copper 

Sulphur 

Seeds,  various 

Objects  for  collections 


100  kilograms. 

Per  ton 

100  kilograms . 
...do 


...do 

..  do 

...do 

..do 

Per  100 

Per  ton 

...do 

...do 

100  kilograms. 

V.'.do '.','.'.'.'.'.'.' 


2.20 

22.00 

2.20 

27.00 

55.00 

38.50 

8.80 

8.80 

2.20 

22.00 

2.20 

6.50 

1.10 

1.10 


*  The  Italian  Government  reserves  the  right  to  establish  an  export  duty  on  articles  for  coUeotlona. 


202  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


TARIFF  OH  GOTTOH-SEED  OIL. 

Consul-General  Eichmond,  of  Eome,  informs  the  Department  that 
the  law  increasing  the  duty  on  imported  cotton  seed  oil  from  6  lire,  the 
old  tariff,  to  20  lire  per  quintal,  pure  or  mixed,  and  imposing  a  tax  of 
14  lire  per  quintal  on  cotton-seed  oil  manufactured  in  Italy  went  into 
effect  on  the  22d  of  April  last.  It  was  understood,  however,  at  Rome 
that,  in  anticipation  of  the  passage  of  this  law,  the  importers  of  Genoa, 
Leghorn,  Naples,  and  Venice  had  a  six  months'  supply  on  hand  when 
the  new  tariff  took  effect. 


TAX  UFOH  COTTOHSEED  OIL  IH  ITALY. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  GRAIN,  OF  MILAN. 

The  law  passed  by  the  Italian  Parliament  imposing  a  duly  of  14  lire 
per  quintal  on  all  imports  of  cotton-seed  oil  was  designed,  as  is  known, 
for  the  protection  of  the  olive-oil  industry  of  Ital^'.  The  advocates  of 
the  measiire  claimed  that  the  admixture  of  cotton  oil  with  olive  oil,  and 
its  sale  as  olive  oil,  was  a  direct  damage  to  one  of  the  largest  agricult- 
ural interests  of  the  country. 

The  law  in  question  went  into  operation -on  the  22d  of  April,  1881, 
an<lhas  brought  results  very  different  from  those  anticipated,  as  will 
be  seen  by  the  following : 

The  monthly  imports  of  cotton-seed  oil  from  March  1, 1881,  to  March 
1,  1882,  were  as  follows : 

QaintalB. 

March,  1881 60,228 

April,  1881 94.378 

May,  1881 98,614 

June,  1881 98,614 

July,  IttSl 98,627 

August,  1881 98,627 

September,  1881 98,632 

October,  1881 98,632 

November,  1881 98,639 

December,  1881 98,740 

Januarv,  1882 None 

February,  1882 .* 110 

During  the  same  months  the  exportation  from  Italy  of*  olive  oil  was 
as  follows : 

QaintalA. 

March,  1881 201.485 

April,  1881 265,503 

May,  1881 316.655 

June,  1881 370,005 

July,  1882 : 400,121 

August,  1881 449,411 

September,  1881 504.253 

October,  1881 563,828 

November,  1881 627,970 

December,  1881 677,990 

January,  1882 52,059 

February,  1882 102,511 

These  figures  would  indicate  that  the  importations  of  cotton-seed  oil 
subsequent  to  April,  1881.  were  made  under  contracts  which  ran  to 
January  1, 1882,  from  which  date  all  importations  practically  ceased. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  205 

Tbey  further  show  that  the  mixing  of  cotton  oil  with  olive  oil  enabled 
the  Italian  dealers  to  find  foreign  markets  for  large  and  always  increas- 
ing quantities  of  Italian  olive  oil;  but  that  the  exportation  of  olive  oil 
almost  entirely  ceased  with  the  stoppage  of  the  supply  of  cotton  oil. 

31r.  A.  Rossi,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  these  data,  and  who  is  one 
of  the  ablest  of  Italian  writers  on  questions  of  political  economy,  does 
not  hesitate  to  declare  the  law  a  blunder,  in  an  article  recently  pub- 
lished in  the  "  Sole,^  the  leading  commercial  newspaper  of  this  country^  * 
Its  repeal  may  be  expected. 

DUNHAM  J.  GRAIN, 

Consul. 
United  States  Consulate, 

Milan,  April  5,  1882. 


TASIFP  OH  COTTOH-SEED  OIL. 

REPORT  BY  YICECONSUL-OENEBAL  HOOKER,  OF  ROME 

I  have  the  honor  to  inform  3'ovi  that  the  Italian  Chamber  of  Deputies 
have  just  approved  a  bill  increasing  the  duty  on  cotton-seed  oil,  pure  or 
mixed  with  other  oils,  from  6  to  20  lire  per  quintal.  The  same  act  also 
fixes  a  tax  of  14  lire  per  quintal  on  cotton-seed  oil  made  in  Italy.  The 
bill  has  been  referred  to  the  Senate  for  confirmation. 

The  Italian  cabinet  strongly  supported  this  bill  in  the  Chamber,  and 
sought  to  show  that  it  was  necessary  to  raise  the  price  at  which  cotton- 
seed oil  may  be  obtained ;  claiming  that  the  heavy  adulteration  of  olive 
oil  with  cotton-seed  for  table  use  is  injuring  the  home  production  of 
olive  oil  and  discrediting  it  on  foreign  markets. 

The  new  duty  will  seriously  affect  our  trade  in  cotton-seed  oil  with 
Italy;  the  fine  quality  being  chiefly  imported  from  the  United  States. 
I  may  say  that  the  manufacture  of  cotton-seed  oil  in  Italy  is  of  little  or 
DO  importance. 

As  showing  the  growing  importance  of  the  American  trade  in  cotton- 
seed oil  with  Italy,  I  may  add  that  according  to  Italian  statistics  140,000 
quintals  were  imported  from  the  United  States  and  Canada  during  the 
five  years,  1875  to  1879 ;  during  the  year  1880  these  imports  ran  up  to 
213,754  qninUls. 

J.  C.  HOOKEPv, 

Vice-Comvl'QeneraU 

United  States  Consulate-General, 

Rome,  March  8, 1881. 


OUB  HEW  TAEIFF  AHD  ITAUAH  EXPOBTS. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  DUNCAN,  OF  NAPLES. 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  the  act  ap- 
proved March  3, 1883,  to  modify  the  internal-revenue  taxation  and  the 
duties  on  imports  into  the  United  States. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  for  me,  in  this  connection,  to  refer  briefly  to  the 
effect  this  modification  of  the  tariff  will  probably  have  upon  exporta- 
tions  to  the  United  States  from  this  consular  district  as  well  as  from 
elsewhei-e  in  Italy. 


204         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Tbe  duties  on  some  of  the  more  important  articles  shipi)ed  from  here 
is  either  not  changed  at  all  or  so  lightly  that  exportation  will  not  likely 
to  be  sensibly  affected. 

Oloves. — For  instance,  the  doty  on  lambskin  gloves,  the  most  impor- 
tant article  in  valne  of  exportation  from  Naples,  remains  at  50  per  cent., 
as  heretofore. 

Fruit. — ^The  duty  on  green  fruit  (oranges  and  lemons)  is  made  specific 
instead  of  ad  valorem — a  decided  improvement,  and  is  perhaps  slightly 
loitered,  but  likely  not  enough  to  make  much  change  in  the  business. 

Tartar  or  argots  (partially  refined)  is  reduced  33  per  cent.,  that  is, 
from  6  cents  to  4  cents  per  pound,  which  will,  no  doubt,  be  favorable  to 
an  increase  of  business. 

Licorice. — ^The  same  may  be  said  of  licorice  in  sticks,  which  is  largely 
shipped  from  here,  and  which  has  been  reduced  25  per  cent;  but  the 
duty  remains  40  to  45  per  cent,  on  the  value  here — certainly  a  pretty 
heavy  duty. 

Macaroni,  one  of  the  specialties  of  Naples,  has  been  put  on  the  free 
list,  instead  of  ha\ing  to  pay  2  cents  per  pound,  which,  I  do  not  doubt, 
will  considerably  increase  the  exiK)rtation. 

Silk. — The  reduction  of  duties  on  silkj  in  which  North  Italy  is  so 
largely  interested,  will  doubtless  be  favorable  to  an  increase  of  business. 

Works  of  art. — But  while  the  foregoing  modifications  of  our  tariff  may 
be  regarded  as  favorable  to  an  increase  of  business,  the  same  cannot 
be  said  a«  to  the  change  of  duty  on  works  of  art  (paintings,  statuary, 
&c.),  in  which  Italy  is  perhaps  almost  more  interested  than  any  other 
country.  The  principle  on  which  works  of  art  for  public  institutions 
have  been  hitherto  admitted  free,  and  for  individuals  at  the  moderate 
duty  of  10  per  cent,  was  that  the  introduction  of  what  tended  to  edu- 
cate and  elevate  the  public  taste  ought  to  be  encouraged.  As  Italy  is 
a  country  where  Americans  invest  largely  in  works  of  art  of  all  kinds, 
this  action  of  Congress  is,  of  course,  not  well  received.  Nor  does  it  seem 
to  be  more  favorably  regarded  by  American  artists  residing  in  Italy  for 
the  purpose  of  study  and  the  exercise  of  their  profession  than  by  Ital- 
ians. A  prominent  American  artist  from  Borne  told  me  a  few  days  ago 
that  all  but  one  of  those  resident  there  were  opposed  to  any  duty  at  all 
on  objects  of  art,  and  considered  that  the  best  encoura-gement  our  Gov- 
ernment could  give  to  American  artists  was  to  promote  by  free  admis- 
sion whatever  tended  to  cultivate  and  educate  the  popular  ta«te  for  art. 
He  said  the  artists  contemplated  taking  steps  to  make  their  views  on  the 
subject  known  publicly  before  the  meeting  of  the  new  Congress,  next 
autumn.  He  added  that  in  Italy  every  facility  was  afforded  American 
artists  for  the  prosecution  of  their  studies,  and  that  they  felt  highly  in- 
dignant that  our  Congress  should  act  so  illiberal  towards  Italian  artists 
in  return.  He  said,  too,  that  they  were  afraid  the  Italian  Government 
might  be  induced  to  impose  an  export  duty  of  30  per  cent,  on  all  ob- 
jects of  art  made  by  American  artists  in  Italy,  which,  while  it  would 
only  be  a  just  retaliation,  would  have  the  effect  of  driving  them  all  out 
of  tbe  country  and  excluding  them  from  all  the  advantages  of  art  study 
in  Italy. 

If  this  is  the  feeling  among  American  artists,  the  very  class  Congress 
intended  to  benefit,  and  we  see  that  it  is  the  same  in  New  York,  Paris, 
and  Munich,  of  course  it  is  still  stronger  among  Italian  and  other  for- 
eign artists,  against  whom  the  action  was  directed. 

B.  O.  DUNCAN, 

ConsuL 

United  States  Consulate. 

Naples,  April  28, 1883. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  205 


AU8TBO.hu  NG  A  BY. 
THE  AU8TB0-HUH0ABIAH  TARIFF. 

REPORT  OF  00K8VL-QENEBAL  WEAVER,  OF  VIENNA. 

Beferriug  to  my  dispatch,  No.  235,  transmitting  duplicate  copies  in 
the  original  text  of  the  new  general  tariff  law  of  Austria-Hungary, 
which  was  proclaimed  on  the  2Sth  ultimo,  and  which  went  into  opera- 
tion Ist  instant,  I  have  now  to  inform  you  that  a  careful  translation  of 
the  complete  law  and  tariff  has  this  day  been  forwarded  to  the  Depart- 
ment by  direct  mail  under  separate  cover  for  publication  if  deemed  of 
sufficient  importance. 

As  was  pointed  out  in  my  dispatch,  No.  209,  the  changes  established 
by  the  new  law  are  material,  constituting,  in  many  instances,  an  enor- 
mous increase  of  duties,  partly  as  a  protection  to  home  industries,  but 
more  generally  for  increase  of  revenue. 

The  various  changes  can  be  seen  by  comparing  the  new  tariff  with 
the  former  one  of  June  27,- 1878,  published  in  our  Commercial  Belatious 
for  1878,  pp.  127-140.  The  rates  of  tare  in  the  new  law  have  likewitse 
been  modified  in  certain  instances,  but  the  changes  are  not  deemed  of 
sufficient  importance  to  warrant  a  translation  and  publication  different 
from  that  which  appears  on  pp.  140-144  of  Commercial  Eelations  of 
1878. 

JAMES  RILEY  WEAVER, 

ConsuIrOeneraL 

United  States  Consulate-Genebal, 

Vienna^  June  17, 1882. 


Zxiw  of  May  25, 1882,  regarding  the  general  customs  tariff  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  customs 

district. 

With  the  coDsent  of  both  houses  of  my  Parliament,  I  decree  as  follows : 

Article  I.  The  provisioDs  of  this  law  are  valid  through  the  general  cnstoms  and 
trade  districts  of  the  Austro-Hangarian  Empire,  but  do  not  apply  to  the  districts  ex- 
empt from  customs  duties. 

Abt.  II  All  goods  imported  are  dutiable  unless  expressly  declared  free  of  dut}',  and 
are  subject  to  those  duties  which  are  prescribed  in  the  accompanying  customs  tariff 
cm  imports,  according  to  the  class  to  which  the  goods  belong.  Where  it  is  not  ex- 
pressly stated  otherwise  in  the  tariff,  articles  of  consumption  are  also  to  pay,  accord- 
ing to  legal  regulations,  the  internal,  state,  province,  or  city  tax  and  additional  ex- 
penses. 

For  goods  in  transitu  no  duty  is  to  be  collected. 

An  export  duty  is  only  to  be  paid  on  such  goods  as  are  specified  in  the  customs  tariff 
on  exports. 

Akt.  III.  Goods  coming  from  countries  which  treat  Austrian  and  Hungarian  vessels 
or  goods  of  Austrian  and  Hungarian  origin  with  less  favor  than  the  vessels  or  goods 
of  other  nations,  are  subject  on  ent>ering  to  an  additional  payment  of  30  percent.,  and 
if  the  tariff  declares  them  to  be  free,  then  a  special  ad  valorem  duty  of  15  per  cent, 
will  be.levied  upon  them. 

The  Govern ment  has  a  right  to  make  exceptions  from  this  rule  and  either  apply  it  to 
certain  categories  of  goods,  or  classify  the  categories  of  goods  under  a  higher  or  lower 
tariff. 

Art.  IV.  An  alphabetical  list  of  goods  to  be  published  will  determine  the  detailed 
arrangement  of  each  article  in  the  proper  class  of  the  customs  tariff  according  to  their 
letter  and  spirit.    In  cases  of  necessity  the  same  may  be  revised  and  corrected. 

Chemical  products  mtering  for  the  first  time  into  conmierce,  or  paying  by  virtue  of 


206  TARIFFS   OF   THE    SFVEBAL   COUNTRIES. 

tariff  nnmber  331  a  duty  exceeding  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  may  be  classified  nnder 
another  tariff  nnmber,  according  to  their  composition  and  use  or  according  to  their 
Talue. 

Tho  publication  of  this  list  of  goods  and  its  supplement  in  the  countries  represented 
in  the  Reichsrath  may,  contrary  to  tho  law  of  June  10,  l'r69  (U.  G.  B.,  No.  i:>^h,  l>e  lim- 
ited to  an  issue  of  the  list  of  articles  and  its  supulenient  in  the  Keichs;;e.selzhlatt. 

Art.  V.  Gootls  composed  of  ditferent  stuffs,  not  belonging  to  fancy  ariiclc*,  or  other- 
wise specially  provided  for  (taritf  number  :<07-316)  the  paits  composing  belonging  to 
different  tariff  classes,  will  be  taxed  according  to  the  main  material  composing  the 
goods,  and  in  case  this  be  doubtful,  to  that  material  which  in  the  tariff*  pays  a  higher 
duty.  Articlet*  composed  of  materials  varionbly  taxed  will,  if  the  materials  are  not 
specially  classified  in  the  tariff,  be  taxed  like  that  compouent  which  in  the  tariff  pays 
a  higher  duty,  provided  the  material  is  not  represented  in  too  insignificant  quantities. 
More  detailed  instructions  will  follow. 

Art.  VI.  The  import  and  the  transit  of  articles  forming  a  monopoly  of  the  state 
(f*alf,  powder,  tobacco,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco)  can  take  place  only  by  permit 
of  the  competent  authority.  The  Government  has  a  right  to  limit  the  transit  of  cer- 
tain goods  for  reasons  of  public  health  or  public  safety.  For  the  present  the  existing 
laws  regulating  this  traffic  remain  in  force. 

Art.  VII.  In  case  of  bad  harvests  at  home,  the  Government  has  the  right  to  abro- 
gate temporarily  the  duties  on  all  or  certain  kinds  of  grain  and  leguminous  plants; 
on  aill  or  certain  frontiers  under  protective  control  aud  restriction. 

Art.  VIII.  From  the  payment  of  import  duties  are  free : 

1.  Articles  intende<l  for  the  immediate  use  of  the  Emperor. 

2.  Articles  intende<l  for  the  immediate  use  of  diplomatic  persons  accredited  to  the 
imperial  and  royal  court,  according  to  special  orders. 

3.  Tobacco  leaves  for  tho  Government  manufactories ;  also,  salt,  gunpowder,  and 
manufactures  of  tobacco  for  the  Government  stores,  or  purchased  by  inhabitants  of 
tho  exempted  customs  districts  from  places  of  sale  in  the  exempted  customs  districts. 

4.  Resultsof  Government  mining  from  the  imperial  and  royal  sale-factory  at  Trieste. 

5.  Military  effects,  such  as  uniforms,  armor,  weapons,  munitions,  army  baggage  (in 
which  are  included  bed-fixtures,  medical  and  hospital  requisites),  also  horses  iu  .use 
between  bodies  of  tro'^ps,  or  naval  establishments  in  and  out  of  the  customs  district; 
blasting  materialsand  explosives  for  the  military  technical  experiments  of  the  army. 

6.  Official  requisites  sent  by  Government  authorities  from  the  exempted  enstoms 
districts  into  the  customs  districts. 

7.  Effects  of  emigrants  from  foreign  countries,  and  from  the  exempted  customs  dis- 
tricts into  the  customs  districts;  also  machines  and  parts  of  machines  ;  manafactur- 
ing  implements  and  tools  of  the  same,  if  these  articles  are  intended  for  their  own  use 
aud  are  adapted  to  their  own  circumstances  and  bear  traces  of  continuous  use. 

The  dower  of  persons  who,  on  account  of  their  marriage,  move  into  the  customB 
district,  so  far  as  they  are  adapted  to  ti  eir  circumstances. 

From  this  exemption  from  duties  are  excluded  all  articles  of  consumption,  cattle, 
dry  goods  not  made  up,  and  raw  stuffs. 

8.  Inheritances ;  furniture,  bouse,  table,  and  kit-chen  articles,  clothing,  underclothes, 
bed  and  table  linen  ;  implements  in  use;  tools  in  use,  &o.,  so  far  as  they  are  for  the 
inheritor's  use  and  are  adapted  to  his  or  her  circumstances. 

Articles  enumerated  under  No.  7,  paragraph  3,  are  eiAsluded  from  the  free  entry. 

9.  Objects  of  art  and  science  intended  for  collections  of  public,  scientific,  and  art 
institutes,  works  of  Austrian  aud  Hungarian  artists  staying  in  foreign  countries. 

10.  Anatomical  preparations,  skeletons,  and  corpses. 

11.  Antiquities,  when  there  is  nodoubt  that  their  value  lies  essentially  in  their  age, 
and  that  they  are  adapted  to  no  other  purpose  and  use  thail  for  a  collection. 

12.  Objects  disposed  of  judicially. 

13.  Decorations  and  exhibition  medals  which  iiave  been  conferred. 

The  formalities  to  be  observed  regarding  No.  1,  as  well  as  the  necessary  proofs,  to  be 
larnished  and  conditions  to  be  fulfilled  respecting  the  rest  will  be  mane  pnbUo  at 
some  future  time.    For  the  present  the  existing  regulations  continue  in  force. 

Art.  IX.  Also  to  be  entered  free  of  duty : 

1.  Travelers'  effects,  as  linen,  clothing,  bedding,  traveling  requisites,  gold  and 
silver  service,  and  other  valuables,  ifiechanics'  tools,  as  well  as  artists'  implements 
and  instruments,  teamsters'  and  fishers'  clothing  and  linen,  books,  food,  medicine  for 
nse  on  the  journey,  tobacco,  according  to  the  prescribed  amount  (at  present  not  more 
than  35  grams  or  10  cigars),  if  intended  for  the  personal  use  of  the  traveler,  and  in 
their  nature  and  amount  are  adapted  to  his  or  her  need,  condition,  and  station. 

Household  furniture  and  articles  for  furnishing  a  house,  which  have  been  in  use, 
belonging  to  travelers  or  persons  iu  public  service,  may  be  entered  free  if  they  intend 
to  reside  more  than  one  year  in  Austria-Hungary,  and  this  intention  is  satisfactorily 
proved. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  207 

The  same  privilege  may  also  bo  {^ranted  to  Iho  iiativea  of  the  country  "who,  after 
an  absence  of  more  than  one  year,  rotnru  into  the  customs  district. 

2.  Means  of  transport,  as  travelers^  carriages,  vehicles  for  the  transportation  of  per- 
sons or  property,  sleighs  and  wheelbarrows,  panniers,  dossers,  and  similar  contrivances 
for  carrying  loads,  the  necessary  horses  and  beasts  of  burden,  and  vessels  (including 
their  inventoried  property,  if  the  vessels  belong  to  foreij^uei-s,  or  if  domestic  vessels, 
have  the  same  or  similar  inventoried  property  as  when  they  saile<l),  provided  that  the 
carriages  show  plainly  marks  of  use,  and  that  the  persons  and  goods  transported,  the 
place  of  destination,  the  direction,  the  means  of  transportation,  and  the  nature  of  the 
transport  show  them  to  be  only  for  the  conveyance  of  persons  or  property,  and  that  the 
joorney  is  not  undertaken  for  the  purpose  of  entering  vehiclea  free  of  duty. 

3.  Provisions  for  ships  entering  and  clearing,  including  the  beer  for  use  on  board  of 
the  vessels  navigating  the  Danube. 

4.  Sample  cards  and  patterns  cut  out,  or  samples  which  are  only  intended  for  use 
as  such  ;  but  all  samples  of  edibles  or  tobacco  are  excluded. 

5.  Covers  and  cases  in  which  dutiable  goods  are  packed,  except  in  the  following 
cases : 

a.  When  they  exceed  the  tare  allowed  to  the  goods. 

h.  If  goods  have  case^  and  wrappers  in  which  they  are  not  nsually  packed,  and  which 
arc  worth  more  than  the  goods  themselves. 

6.  All  goods  which  weigh  less  than  25  grams,  or  when  the  duty  is  less  than  2  kreu- 
zers.  In  cases  of  abuse,  this  privilege  may  be  withdrawn  temporarily  from  persons  or 
certain  districts. 

7.  Goods  which  have  been  completely  destroyed  in  the  Government  stores.  Id  case 
they  are  only  damaged,  so  far  as  their  original  use  is  concerned,  as  wine,  which  may 
be  used  for  vinegar,  the  competent  financial  authorities  may  allow  a  proper  reduction 
of  duty.  The  exemption  from  paying  duty  or  reduction  may  also  be  granted  when 
the  goods  have  already  passed  the  post-office  and  have  been  damaged  before  they 
reached  the  person  to  whom  they  were  addressed.  More  detailed  regulations  will  be 
poblished. 

Art.  X.  The  following  are  also  free  from  importation  duties : 

1.  Articles  necessary  ibr  bnilding  and  equipping  ships  according  to.  the  law  of 
March  30,  1873. 

2.  Goods  and  articles  imported  to  be  improved,  repaired,  or  finished,  may  be  entered 
in  the  customs  district,  provided  that  the  re-export  of  the  improved,  repaired,  or  fin- 
ished goods  and  articles  shall  take  the  place  within  a  period  of  time  set  by  the  financial 
anthorities,  and  that  the  identity  between  the  imported  and  re-exported  goods  can  be 
proved. 

3.  Goods  and  articles  which  are  exported  into  the  districts  exempt  from  customs 
to  be  iujproved,  repaired,  or  finished,  and  are  reimported  into  the  customs  district 
from  the  exempted  districts,  improved,  repaired,  or  finished,  upon  the  conditions  pre- 
sciibed  under  2. 

4.  Goods,  articles  of  consumption  excepted,  which  are  exported  from  the  cnstoms 
district  to  foreign  markets  or  fairs,  or  in  cases  of  nncertain  sale,  which  are  brought 
back  unsold. 

The  measures  of  control  in  relation  to  these  privileges  (1  to  4)  will  be  regulated  by 
ordinances. 

Goods  which  were  sent  for  sale  to  foreign  countries,  and,  on  account  of  nnforseen 
binderancee,  return  unsold  without  having  been  offered  for  sale  there,  ma^  be  re-en- 
t«'red  free  by  special  permission  of  the  competent  financial  authorities.  If,  however, 
it  andonbtedly  appears  from  manufacturers'  marks  or  stamps  attached,  or  in  default 
of  these  from  the  outer  appearance  of  the  goods  that  they  are  a  product  of  the  Austro- 
Hangarian  customs  territory  returned  from  abroad,  with  duly-authenticated  identitjfr, 
a  reentry  free  from  daty  may  be  granted  even  if  the  goods,  while  abroad,  were  m 
free  circulation. 

Articles  intended  for  exhibition,  as  well  as  objects  to  be  used  in  experiments  in  pub- 
lic iDstitutes,  or  temporarily  for  the  benefit  of  the  public,  may  be  entered  free  when 
declared  on  entering  to  be  intended  for  re-export. 

The  measnies  for  the  control  regarding  transportation  facilities  will  be  published 
in  doe  time. 

Akt.  XI.  On  the  frontier  are  frise  from  duty :  The  aflrricultnral  traffic  upon  the  es- 
tates intersected  by  the  customs  frontier;  cattle  and  farming  implements  belonging 
thereto,  as  well  as  seed  for  agriculture;  products  of  agriculture,  and  young  cattle. 

Cattle  which  go  over  to  and  return  from  pasture  or  work,  including  the  products 
gained  daring  pasture,  such  as  butter,  cheese,  and  the  young  cattle  grown  up  in  the 
meantime. 

Art.  XII.  On  bringin^^  trustworthy  proof  of  the  existing  facts,  the  chief  authority 
may  allow  the  imporiation  of  the  following  articles,  free  of  duty,  or  at  reduced  rates : 

1.  Objects  used  for  divine  service  in  churches  and  temples  of  different  religions, 
well  as  the  material  for  bnilding  and  constructing  such  chnrches  and  temples. 


208  TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

2.  Provisions,  clothing,  and  building  material  sent  to  people  who  by  fire  or  other 
destructive  elements  became  safferers  and  receive  those  goods  as  donations  or  as  a 
means  to  rebuild  their  dwellings. 

3.  Old  articles,  bearing  proof  of  having  been  worn,  sent  as  gifts  to  poor  people  from 
abroad. 

Art.  XIII.  The  Government  has  the  right  of  free  importation  of  railway  material 
for  the  construction  of  an  international  frontier  railway  depot  agreed  upon  by  a  joint 
committee  of  railway  companies. 

a.  For  all  materials  uecessary  for  the  construction  of  the  building  and  fitting  up  the 
frontier  depot,  as  well  as  the  branch  lines  between  it  and  the  customs  frontier;  for 
furniture,  and  other  articles,  so  far  as  under  the  agreement  it  in  incumbent  upon  the 
foreign  authorities  to  furnish  them. 

b.  For  everything  necessary  for  cairying  on  the  business  of  the  foreign  railway  ;  for 
the  rolling-stock,  implements,  and  materials  necessary  for  the  service  of  the  foreign 
frontier  offices,  in  sufficient  quantity  for  the  purpose. 

c.  For'the  movable  eliects,  as  well  as  the  utensils  of  service  of  the  officials  and  em- 
ployes of  the  foreign  railway  stationt  d  iu  the  custouis  district,  and  other  persons 
employed  by  the  administration  of  the  neijijhboriuf;  state. 

Akt.  XIV.  All  duties  contained  in  the  tnritt*,  iiiclndiiig  dues  for  weighing,  seals,  and 
stamps,  most  be  paid  in  gold.  Speyiul  orders  will  direct  where  payments  in  silver 
may  be  made. 

The  rate  of  exchange  to  be  paid  will  bo  governed  by  the  ]>remium  on  gold  doi  ing 
the  month  preeediug,  and  will  be  made  public  from  month  to  mouth,  as  well  as  tbe 
rate  of  the  value  in  florins  at  which  foreign  and  domestic  gold  c^ius  will  be  accepted 
in  payment  for  duties. 

Art.  XV.  Wlien  fractions  of  a  kreuzer  result  in  calculating  duties,  those  below  half 
a  kreuzer  will  be  disregarded,  and  those  of  one-half  kreuzer  or  more  will  be  regarded  as 
a  whole  kreuzer. 

Art.  XVI.  Besides  the  rates  to  be  paid  by  every  article  as  given  in  the  tariff  oppo- 
site its  respective  number  (stamp,  octroi,  and  other  duties),  the  following  additional 
duties  will  be  levied. 

1.  Charges  for  weighing,  5  kreuzers  for  100  kilograms  of  the  gross  weight  of  those 
goods  which  are  weighed  by  order  of  the  authorities,  or  private  parties. 

For  ascei-taining  the  weight  by  calculation,  for  trial  weighing,  and  for  weighing 
with  a  private  scale,  as,  for  example,  at  the  railway  stations,  no  charge  for  weighing 
is  to  be  made. 

When  the  total  wiight  of  the  goods  amounts  to  less  than  50  kilograms,  3  krciizers 
must  be  paid  for  weighing. 

In  calculating  the  weighing-tax,  weights  under  50  kilograms  will  not  be  regarded ; 
50  kilograms  and  over  are  reckoned  as  100  kilograms. 

2.  For  every  lead  seal  the  tax  is  2  kreuzers,  and  1  kreuzer  for  every  wax  eeal. 
Goods  iu  transit  with  bill  of  lading  are  exempt  from  paying  seal  money ;  nor  is  there 

any  tax  to  be  paid  for  putting  the  seal  on  the  hatchway  of  a  vessel,  on  railway  cars, 
&c. 

3.  A  tax  of  10  kreuzers  for  the  permit  to  enter  foreign  goods  not  dutiable. 

When  goods  originally  iu  transit  are  subsequently  declared  as  goods  for  entry,  the 
respective  ailditional  duties  will  be  paid  after  the  declaration  is  made.  In  internal 
and  in  control  manipulations  neither  stamping  nor  sealing  tax  is  to  be  paid. 

4.  Storage  for  goods  in  government  warehouses  is  regulated  according  to  local  and 
other  conditions,  common!^'  not  above  1.6  kreuzers  for  100  kilograms  ot  gross  weight 
per  day. 

In  cases  of  extraordinary  accumulation  of  goods,  the  tax  for  storage  may  be  raised 
to  2.4  kreuzers  for  100  kilograms  per  day. 

Regarding  the  remuneration  for  official  services  performed  outside  the  office,  the 
taxes  for  the  conduct  of  goods,  and  the  special  water,  harbor,  and  navigation  tuxes, 
the  existing  regulations  remain  in  force. 

Respecting  the  payment  of  fractional  kreuzers,  the  provisions  of  Article  XV  will  be 
in  force. 

Art.  XVII.  The  fixing  and  altering  of  the  tare  in  regard  to  the  manner  of  packing 
and  their  dili'erent  relative  weights  will  be  regulated  by  special  law.  In  goods  that 
pay  not  more  than  3  florins  for  100  kilogi*ams,  as  well  as  in  the  immediate  inclosures  of 
liquids,  no  deduction  of  tare  takes  place,  unless  otherwise  provided  for.  To  liquids, 
however,  the  duty  on  which  is  calculated  by  the  gross  weight,  when  imported  in  vehi- 
cles of  transportation  by  land  or  water,  specially  built  for  their  transport  and  without 
any  other  inclosnre,  mubt  be  added  the  tare  resulting  from  the  net  weight  of  the  ordi- 
nary manner  of  packing. 

Art.  XVIII.  This  law,  except  the  provisions  of  tariff  class  21,  will  take  effect  June 
1,  1882. 

The  law  of  Jnoe  27, 1878,  respecting  the  general  customs  tariff  of  Anstria- Hungary, 
as  well  aa  all  the  regulations  iu  connection  with  it  being  in  contradiction  to  the  new 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  209 

Uw  (except  regalations  regarding  tarifi;  po$t,  28d),  will,  on  that  day,  cease  to  be  in 
force. 

Tbu  day  on  which  the  relations  respeotiu^  tariff  class  XXI  will  take  effect  will 
be  made  known  b^  the  law  m  reference  to  the  increase  of  import  duty  and  the  levy- 
ine  of  a  tax  on  mineral  oil. 

Art.  XIX.  With  the  execution  of  this  law  are  introsted  the  ministers  of  finance  and 
of  commerce. 
Scbonbmnn,  May  25, 1882. 

FRAKZ  JOSEPH. 
Taappb, 
dukajkwski, 
Pino. 


Om«ral  tariff  of  ih»  <m$tam9  disirioi  of  Au9tria'Hungary, 

SUMMARY. 

Part  I.— Imports. 

TuiffdAM.  TMiffnnmben. 

I.  Tropical  fniit 1-3 

II.  Spices 4-8 

m.  Sonthemfrnit 9-16 

IV.  Sugar 17-20 

V.  Tobacco 21,22 

YI.  Grain  and  legomes :  floor  and  products  of  flour ;  rice 23-28 

Tn.  Vegetables,  fruit,  plants,  and  parts  of  plants 29-38 

Vm.  Cattle  and  draught  animals 39-49 

IX.  Other  animals 60-53 

X.  Animal  products 54-64 

XI.  Grease 65-71 

XH.  Fat  oils 72-74 

Xni.  Beverages .75-79 

XIV.  Edibles 80-93 

XV.  Wood,  coal,  and  turf 94-96 

XVI.  Turners  and  carvers' material 97-101 

XVII.  Minerals 102-103 

XVIII.  Dru^  and  perfumery  stufis 104-108 

XIX.  Dyeing  and  tanning  stuflEs 109-113 

XX.  Gum  and  rfsin 114-118 

XXI.  Mineral  oil 119-121 

XXII.  Cotton  yam  and  goods  of  the  same 122-135 

XXIII.  Flax,  hemp.  Jute,  and  other  vegetable  materials  not  specially 

named ;  spinning  material:  yam  and  goods  made  therefrom. ..  136-151 

XXIV.  Wool,  woolen  yam,  and  woolen  goods 152-162 

XXV.  Silk  and  silk  goods 163-170 

XXVI.  Clothing,  linen,  and  articles  of  dress. 171-176 

XXVII.  Brush  and  sievemakers' goods 177-179 

XXVni.  Straw  and  bark  goods 180-184 

XXIX.  Paper  and  paper  goods 185-196 

XXX.  I uaia- rubber,  gutta-percha,  and  goods  made  therefrom 197-207 

XXXI.  Wax-cloth  and  wax-sUk 208-212 

XXXII.  Leather  and  leather  goods.. 213-219 

XXXIII.  Furriers' goods 220,221 

XXXIV.  Wooden  and  bone  ware 222-230 

XXXV.  Glass  and  glassware 231-243 

XXXVI.  Stoneware 244-248 

XXXVn.  Clayware :..  249-256 

XXXVin.  Iron  and  hardware 257-272 

XXXIX.  Base  metals  and  goods  made  therefrom 273-281 

XL.  Machines  and  parts  of  machinery 282-287 

XLI.  Vehicles  of  transportation 288-295 

XLII.  Precious  metals  and  coins 296,297 

XLni.  Instruments,  watches,  and  fancy  goods 298-316 

XLIV.  Salt 317 

XLV.  Chemical  auxiliary  stuffs 318-324 

XLVI.  Chemical  products,  colors,  medicines,  and  perfumeries 325-337 

XLVn.  Candles  and  soap 338-342 

XLVm.  Explosive  material .• 343-347 

XLIX.  Objects  of  art  and  literature 348-352 

L.  Refuse 353-356 

1784  CONC — ^A  P 14 


210  TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Part  II. — Exports. 

Rags  aod  other  refuse  for  the  manufacture  of  paper 

[Unless  where  specifically  mentioned  otherwise,  the  rates  throoghont  this  tari 
for  100  kilograms.] 

Part  I. — Imports. 
I. — Tropical  fruit. 
[Per  100  kilograms.] 

1.  Cacao  beans  and  shells ! 

Note. — ^When  imported  by  sea * ! 

2.  Coffee: 

a.  Raw ' 

NoTK. — When  imported  by  sea \ 

b.  Burnt ( 

3.  Tea 1( 

NOTB. — When  imported  by  sea I 

II. — Ibices, 

4.  Pepper  (also  long  and  Cayenne  and  white  pepper,  pepper  dust),  allspice 

(pimento),  ginger i 

5.  Cinnamon  of  all  kinds < 

6.  Anise  seed  (badian^,  cloves  (also  clove  stems),  clove  flowers  (mace),  nut- 

megs in  snellH ( 

7.  Nutmegs,  without  shells t 

8.  Cardamom,  saffron,  vanilla IS 

Note. — Articles  numbered  4-8,  when  imported  by  sea,  are  allowed  a  re- 
duction of  5  florins  per  100  kilograms. 

III. — Southern  fruit. 

9.  Figs: 

a.  Fresh 

h.  Dried 1 

10.  Grapes,  dried ;  currants,  raisins 1 

11.  Lemons,  oranges,  citrons 

Note. — When  counted  100  pieces U 

12.  Lemons,  oranges,  and  citrons  laid  in  salt  water;  oranges,  unripe,  small; 

orange  and  lemon  peel, 

13.  Dates,  pistachio  nuts 1 

14.  Almonas: 

a.  Dried,  with  or  without  shell 1 

b.  Unripe,  in  the  shell 

15.  Nuts  of  the  PineuspineOy  unshelled:  St.  John's  bread;  chestnuts,  lazeruoli, 

tomatoes;  olives,  fresh,  dried,  or  salted 

16.  Nuts  of  the  PineiM  |»iftea,  shelled ;  pomegranates 1 

lY.— Sugar. 

17.  Raw  sugar: 

a.  Below  the  Dutch  standard  No.  19 1 

b.  From  the  Dutch  standard  No.  19  and  above ^ 

18.  Refined  sugar '. 2 

19.  Solutions  of  sugar,  crushed  sugar,  starch  sugar,  grape  sugar,  in  a  solid 

state 1 

20.  Sirup ;  starch  sugar,  grape  sugar,  in  a  fluid  state :  molasses 

Note  to  Class  Iy . — The  excise  duty  is  included  in  the  tariff. 

v.— Toftooco. 

21.  Tobacco,  raw ;  i.  e.,  tobacco  leaves,  stems,  ribs,  and  flowers,  nnmanofact- 

nred;  coirosiye  tobacco  liquid *S 

*  With  special  consent  only. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  211 

Morins. 

7obacoOy   manafactared ;   i.  e.,  smoking  tobacco  in  rolls,   unrolled  or 

stemmed ;  leaves  or  cat ;  carrot  tobaccoor,  stems  for  making 

snnff;  tobacco,  powdered;  refuse;  cigars;  cigarettes;  snnfi; 

cbewing-tobacco ;   also  paper  made  Irom  stems  and  ribs  of 

tobacco  leaves.     (Witb  special  consent  only) 52. 50 

Note. — In  case  of  special  permit,  tbere  are  aside  from  tbis  to 
be  paid  in  the  following  taxes  for  1  kilogram  net : 

¥or  cigars  and  cigarettes 11.00 

I*or  otner  manafactures 8.40 

Tor  raw  tobacco 7. 00 

Tobacco  and  mannfactnres  therefrom  must  also  be  declared  in  conformity 
with  the  above  subdivisions. 

VI. — Grain  and  legumet;  flour  and  products  of  flour ;  rice. 

Grain: 

Barley,  oats,  Indian  com,  rye 0.25 

1M.   "Wheat,  spelt,  half  fruit,  buckwheat,  millet 0. 50 

Note. — For  the  supply  of  Dalmatla  and  the  islands  in  the  Adriatic,  the 
I.  R.  Government  may,  in  unison  with  the  Government  of  Hnn> 
gary,  permit  the  free  importation  of  the  following  kinds  of 
grain,  t.  «.,  Indian  com,  not  exceeding  80,000  met.  centners; 
wheat  and  millet,  not  exceeding  annually  20,000  met.  centners : 
to  be  entered  in  ports  and  under  modifications  mutually  agreea 
upon: 

».  Halt 0.60 

Legumes: 

96u  Beans,  lupines,  peas,  lentils,  vetches 0.50 

S7.  Flour  and  mill  products  (crushed,  bruised,  and  peeled  grains;  barley, 

groats,  oat-meai,  wheat  groats)  made  of  grains  and  legumes  . .        1. 50 

28.  Bice,peel^  and  unpeeled;  broken  rice 2.00 

Note  1. — Raw  rice,  wholly  or  partly  in  shells,  for  rice  mills,  to  be  cleaned 
and  broken;  noe  for  the  manufacture  of  starch,  pay  one-half, 
and  when  imported  by  sea,  one-fourth  of  the  lowest  tariff  for 
shelled  rice. 
2.  Products  of  rice-mills  will  be  entered  according  to  No.  27. 

VII. — VegetdbleSf  fruits^  plants^  and  parts  of  plants. 

^*  Vegetables  and  fruit:  Grapes,  fresh,  for  the  table;  pine-apples 5.00 

30.  Kntsand  hazel-nuts,  dry  or  shelled 2.50 

31.  Fine  vegetables,  fresh 2.50 

32.  Vegetables  and  fruit  not  otherwise  provided  for: 

«.  Fresh Free. 

(.  Dried  or  prepared  (baked,  cut  into  pieces,  preserved,  powdered,  or 
otherwise  reduced  in  size;  salted  or  preserved  in  vinegar  and  packed 

in  casks;  Jelly  without  su^ar) 2.50 

KoTB. — Vegetables  and  fruit  in  cans,  bottles,  or  otherwise  hermetically 
sealed  or  prepared  in  another  manner,  as  above  described,  will 
be  treatea  as  eatables  under  92,  respectively,  No.  93. 
^  Plants  and  parts  of  plants : 

g.  Oilseed :. :. 0.50 

^*  Anise,  coriander,  caraway  seed;  fennel;  clover-seed;  mustard  seed  (also 
ground  in  casks) ;  seeds  not  otherwise  provided  for ;  suchory  root 

^  dried  (not  burnt) , 0.50 

^*  luTing  plants ;  fresh  cut  flowers  and  plants 1.50 

^  Plants  and  parts  of  plants  not  otherwise  provided  for,  fresh ;  grain  and 
legumes  in  straw  or  leaves ;  teasels;  seagrass;  bark;  cane;  straw; 

hay;  litter ^ Free. 

«7.  Plants  and  parts  of  plants  not  otherwise  provided  for,  dried  or  prepared 

^  (powdered,  colored,  or  otherwise  reduced  in  size) 2. 50 

^•Hope;  alsolnpnlin 10.00 

Yin.^CaiiU  and  draught  animals. 

(Per  head.] 

»Oxen 10.00 

<0.  Bnlls 4.00 

«.  Cows 3.00 

<^  Yonng  cattle 2.00 


t 


212         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

PI 

43.  Calvee 

44.  Sheep  and  goats  (also  rams,  wethera,  and  backs) 

45.  Lambs  and  Kids 

46.  Hogs 

47.  Pigs  not  weighing  more  than  10  kilograms 

48.  Horses  and  foals ^ ^ 

NoTB. — Foals  following  the  mother  are  free. 

49.  Mnlesand  asses 

IX.'-Otker  animals. 

rPer  100  kflogmnt.] 
60.  Game  and  fowls  of  all  kinds: 

a.  Living 

&.  Dead 

51.  Fish,  fresh :  crabs  and  crawfish;  snails,  fr«sh 

62.  Shell-fish  from  the  sea  (i.e.,  oysters,  lobsters,  crab-spiders),  turtles,  not 

prepared 

63.  Animals  not  otherwise  provided  for 

X,— Animal  produota, 

54.  Milk 

65.  Birds'  eggs 

56.  Beehives  with  honey  and  wax;  beehives  with  living  bees 

57.  Honey 

58.  Wax,  white,  yellow,  and  colored  (also  celluloid) 

59.  Sponges 

60.  stuns  and  hides,  raw  (green  or  dry,  also  salted  or  pickled,  but  not  other- 

wise prepared) 

61.  Hair  of  all  kinds,  raw  or  prepared  ({.  e.,  heckled,  boiled,  dyed,  istained,  or 

curled),  bristles ] 

62.  Feathers  not  otherwise  provided  for  (bed-feathers,  quills),  ornamented 

feathers,  undressed ] 

63.  Bladders  and  intestines,  fresh,  salted,  or  dried;  gold-beaters'  skins;  cat- 

guts  

64.  Animal  products  not  otherwise  provided  for ] 

XI. — Orease, 

65.  Butter,  fresh,  salted,  melted,  also  artificial  butter ] 

66.  Lard  and  ^oose-grease;  bacon ] 

67.  Stearin  acid,  palmine  acid 

68.  Paraffine,  cerasine,  spermaceti 

69.  Tallow  from  animals,  raw,  melted,  also  pressed 

70.  Palm  oil  and  cocoanut  oil  in  solid  state ;  vegetable  tallow 

Note. — When  imported  by  sea .'.... 

71.  Grease  and  greasy  mixtures  not  otherwise  provided  for;  blubber 

Xn.— OtTa,  fat. 

72.  Olive,  poppy,  sesame,  earth-nut,  beech-acorn,  sun-flower,  and  cotton-oil, 

in  casks,  sKins,  and  bladders 

Note. — Olive  oil  under  ao,  72,  rendered  totally  unfit  for  human  consump- 
tion under  official  examination  on  entry  by  custom-houses  spe- 
cially designated 1 

73.  Rape  seed  and  linseed  and  other  fat  oils,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  in 

casks,  skins,  and  bladders,  except  oil  varnish  (No.  334) 

74.  Oils,  fat,  injugs  or  flasks 1 

Note  to  Class  XU. 

1.  Oils  of  Ko.  72  and  73,  when  entered  for  the  use  of  the  people  living 

near  the  frontier  and  contained  in  open  juffs,  tin  cans,  or  bottles, 
or  similar  open  vessels,  will  be  treatea  like  oil  in  open  casks. 

2.  Oils,  fat,  in  Jugs,  bottles,  or  similar  vessels,  weighing  not  less  than.  25 

kilograms,  will  be  treated  like  fat  oils  in  casks. 


TAKIPFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         213 

Xm. — Beverage$, 

Plorint. 
7S.  Beer  and  mead: 

0.  Incaaks 3.00 

h.  In  bottles  and  J  ag8 8.00 

NoTB.— Consnmption  tax  on  mannfaotorer  of  beer  inoladed. 

76.  I>i stilled  spiritnona  liquors: 

0.  Alconol  and  brandy  of  all  kinds,  also  adulterated 24.00 

h.  Liquors,  essence  of  punch  and  otner  sweet  spirituous  cordials,  arac, 

rum 40.00 

Note. — Coosumptlon  tax  included. 

77.  \pViiie  and  substitutes  lor  wine,  also  cider,  wine  must  aqd  fruit  must: 

0.  In  casks  or  flasks 20.00 

h,  Sparkline  wines .., 50.00 

NOTB. — Wine  mash  and  grapes  to  miUce  wine 6.00 

78.  V  xnegar : 

a.  In  casks '  3.00 

h.  In  bottles  or  Jugs 8.00 

79.  &Ujieral  waters,  natural  or  manufactured : 

NoTB  TO  No8.  75  and  78. — Beverages  when  entered  for  the  use  of 
the  people  living  near  the  frontier  and  contained  in  open  jugs, 
tin  cans,  flasks,  or  bottles,  will  be  treated  like  beverages  in 
casks. 

XIY.-^Eaiablea. 

80.  Bread,  ordinary,  black  as  well  as  white,  ship  biscuits 1.50 

81.  SjMo  and  substitutes  for  sago,  tApioca,  arrowroot 6.00 

82.  ^^afer  cakes  (i.  e. ,  vermicelli  and  similar  farinaceous  products  not  baked) . .  6. 50 

83.  liCeat,  fresh  or  prepared  ({.  e.,  salted,  dried,  smoked,  pickled) 6. 00 

84.  Ss^osages 20.00 

86.  Cbcese 10.00 

86.  Herrings,  salted  or  smoked 3.00 

87.  Pish  not  otherwise  provided  for,  salted,  smoked,  dried 5. 00 

8^  Pish  prepared  (pickled  or  preserved  in  oil,  &c.)  in  casks 15. 00 

^*  Oaviar,aDd  substitutes  of  caviar 50.00 

90.  Substitutes  for  coffee  (also  succory  burnt) 15.00 

91.  Cacao,  ground  or  in  bulk,  chocolate,  substitutes  for  chocolate,  and  manu- 

factures 50.00 

^  AJl  eatables  contained  in  boxes,  Jugs,  cans,  and  bottles  hermetically 

sealed  (except  those  enumerated  undeif  69  and  91) 40. 00 

93*  Eatables  not  otherwise  provided  for. 40.00 

XY. —  IVoodj  ooalf  and  turf. 

M*  Pirewood,  also  bark,  copse  wood,  basins,  osiers,  brushwood,  tan  bark,  tan 

cakes Free. 

^  Xlmber.  dressed  or  undressed,  staves,  saw-logs  (except  veneers): 

0.  European ; Free. 

1.  Not  European Free. 

^  Charcoal,  turf,  lignite,  coal,  cokes,  and  all  other  hard  artificial  fuel  made 

from  these  materials. Free. 

XYI. — Ikmert^  and'earven^  materiaU* 

^.  Chairoane,  raw,  not  split,  canes,  reeds,  better  quality Free. 

^  Cocoa  and  eoqnilla  nuts  and  cocoanut  shells ;  areka  and  stone  nuts Free. 

90.  Horns,  horn  ends  and  tips,  claws,  feet,  hoofo;  bones,  split,  stretched,  or 

cut Free. 

100.  Amber  (also  imitation);  Jet ;  ivory  and  other  animal  teoth:  tortoise  shell; 

meerschaum:  mother  of  pearl,  and  other  muscle  shells Free. 

The  articles  under  99  and  100,  raw  or  only  split,  stretched,  or  cut. 

101.  Whalebone,  raw ;  corals,  raw  (also  bored  but  not  cleaned  or  ground) ....      Free. 

XYIL-^Minerah. 

iSJ*  Stones,  roueh,  or  only  cut  or  sawed;  ore,  also  prepared *  Free. 

103.  Clay  and  mineral  stufis : 

a.  Eaw 

h.  Burned,  washed,  or  ground 0.20 

All  these  articles  if  not  otherwise  provided  for. 


^ 


214         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES 

XVUL — Drug*  and  perfumery  9tuff9. 

Florins. 

104.  Licorice  J uioe,  galangal 60.00 

105.  Ambergns,  castoreum,  mask,  civet,  cADthridines,  musk-seed  grains,  oa- 

beljs,  opium,  cacao  butter,  moskat  balsam  (mnskat  butter), 
camphor  refined.  Jalap  resin,  bayswater 15.00 

106.  Lavender,  orauge  flower,  rose,  and  similar  fragrant  waters  (without 

spirits  of  wine) 6.00 

107.  Oils,  ethereal : 

a.  Amber,  hartshorn,  India  rubber,  laurel,  rosemary,  and  Juniper  oil.        6.0C^ 
h.  Ethereal  oils  not  otherwise  provided  for 25.09 

108.  Vinegars,  grease,  and  oils,  perfumed,  ininclosures  weighing  not  less  than 

5kilograms lO.OO 


XIX. — Dyeing  and  tanning  atufi, 

109.  Dye  woods : 

a.  In  blocks Free. 

h.  Cut  into  pieces  (rasped,  ground,  cut) 0.50 

110.  Barks,  roots,  leaves,  flowers,  fruits,  gall-nuts,  &c. ;  also  cut,  ground,  or 

'   otherwise  reduced  in  size  for  dyeing  or  tanning Free. 

111.  Catechu  (Japan  clay),  kino,  kermes  grain,  lac  dye,  amotto Free. 

112.  Extract  from  wood  of  chestnut  tree,  madder  extract,  garancine,  and  gar- 

ancinette ;  litmus ;  lepin,  crude,  in  bladders 1.50 

113.  Orchilla,  persis ;  indigo ;  cochineal ;  extracts  from  tanning  and  dyeing 

materials  not  otherwise  provided  for 3.00 

NOTB. — ^Indigo  and  cochineal  when  imported  by  sea i^ree. 

XX. — Gum  and  retfta. 

114.  Tar  of  all  kinds,  except  coal  and  slate  tar 0.20 

115.  Resin,  ordinary;  colophony;  pitch;  ozocerit 0.50 

116.  Asphalt  mastich  and  asphalt  bitumen 1.00 

117.  Turpentine,  oil  of  turpentine,  pitch  oil,  resin  oil,  bird  lime 1. 50 

lid.  Copal  resin,  Damar  resin,  shellac,  gum  arabic,  ^um  gedda,  gum  Senegal, 

.    gamboge,  gum  tragacanth ;  gums,  resins,  natural  balsams,  and 

juices  of  plants  not  otherwise  provided  for ;  lemon  Juice 1. 50 

XXI. — Mineral  oiUj  aho  coal  and  slate  tar, 

119.  Crude  illuminating  oil,  not  capable  of  being  used  until  refined : 

As  heavy,  the  density  of  which  at  129  of  Reaumur  does  not  exceed  S39 

of  distilled  water net..        1.10 

h.  Light,  at  and  below  .830  of  distilled  water net..        2.00 

120.  Crude,  capable  of  being  used  for  lighting  without  previous  refinement, 

net 10.00 

121.  Refined  or  half  refined: 

a.  Heavy,  with  a  density  of  over  870^ net..        1.90 

h.  Light,  at  and  below  870° net..       10.00 

Note. — In  120  and  121  h  consumer's  tax  is  incladed. 

2.  Crude  mineral  oil,  not  being  capable  of  being  used  for  lighting 

without  previous  refinement,  of  Ronmaniun  origin,  with  a  den- 
sity of  over  830^,  at  12°  Reaumur  (No.  119  a),  on  entry  over  Rou- 
manian frontier,  and  producing  certificate  of  origin net  • .        0. 68 

3.  Refined  mineral  oils  intended  to  be  used  in  making  solutions  or 

extracts  in  industrial  establishments,  with  a  density  of  less  than 
770°,  on  compliance  with  the  respective  regulations  and  meas- 
ures of  control  Free 

XXII. — C^ttoHf  yam,  and  goods  of  ike  same,  aUo  mixed  with  linen^  hut  wiikout  any  wool  or 

eilk. 

122.  Cotton,  raw,  carded,  bleached,  colored,  milled,  refuse Free. 

123.  Cotton  wadding 5.00 

Cotton  yams: 

124.  Single  or  double,  raw : 

o.  Up  to  No.  12,  English 6.00 

h.  Above  No.  12  up  to  No. 29,  English 8.00 

0.  Above  No.  29  up  to  No.  50,  English 12.00 

d.  Above  No.  50.  English laOO 


TAKIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         215 

FlorisB. 
135,  Single  or  doable,  bleached  or  dyed : 

a,  UptoNo.  12,Engli8h 10.00 

h.  Above  No.  12  np  to  No.  29,  Engliflh 12.00 

0.  AboveNo.  29uptoNo.  50,  English 16.00 

d,  AboveNo.  50,  English 20.00 

126.  I*lmTee  or  more  twieted  Uireads, raw, bleached,  ordyed 24.00 

127.  ITskns  a^jasted  for  the  retail  trade 30.00 

Cotton  goods : 

128.  OrcUnary,  smooth,  i.  e.,  textures  of  yam  No.  50  and  below,  38  threads  to  a 

square  of  5  millimeters  or  less,  smooth,  also  singly  twilled : 

0.  Raw 32.00 

h.  Bleached 40.00 

c  Colored,  Turkey  red  excepted 50.00 

d.  Woven  in  several  colors,  printed  or  colored  Turkey  red 60. 00 

129.  Oz-<dinary,  figured,  i.  e.,  textures  of  yam  No.  50  and  below,  38  threads  or 

less  to  a  square  of  5  millimeters,  figured : 

a.  Raw 40.00 

b.  Bleached,  colored,  except  Turkey  red 50.00 

c  Woven  in  several  colors,  printed  or  colored  Turkey  red 70. 00 

130.  Ordinary,  coarse,  i.  e.,  textures  of  yam  No.  60  and  below,  with  more  than 

38  threads  to  a  square  of  5  millimeters : 

a.  Raw 50.00 

h.  Bleached,  colored,  except  Turkey  red 60.00 

e.  Woven  in  several  colors,  printed  or  colored  Turkey  red 80.00 

131.  Fine,  i.  e.,  textures  of  yam  above  No.  50  up  to  No.  100,  inclusive: 

tt.  Raw 70.00 

i.  Bleached,  colored,  woven  in  several  colors  or  printed 100. 00 

133.  FHxiest,  t.  e.,  textures  of  yarn  above  No.  100 ;  tulle  (bobbinet,  petinet,  cur- 
tain stuffs,  and  furniture  nettings) ;  goods  in  connection  with 
metallic  threads 160.00 

133.  Snbroidered  woven  soods,  laces 200. 00 

134.  Velvets  and  velvet-like  fabrics  (cut  or  uncut),  ribbons,  fringes,  buttons, 

and  knit  goods 80. 00 

135.  I.»amp-wicks,  girths,  beltings,  hose,  trellis,  nets  and  ropes,  coarse,  stiff 

nets 24.00 

1HLl,—FlaXf  hemp,  jute f  and  other  vegetable  eninning  materialf  game,  andfdbrioe  of  the 

eame,  without  admixture  of  cotton,  wool,  or  silk, 

136.  Flax,  hemp.  Jute,  and  other  vegetable  spinning  materials  not  otherwise 

provided  for,  raw,  steeped,  broken,  hackled,  bleached,  and  in 

refuse Free. 

Linen  yarns: 

137.  Flax  and  hemp  yams,  yams  not  otherwise  provided  for : 

a.  Single,  raw 1.50 

6.  Single,  bleached,  boiled  in  ashes,  or  colored..., 5.00 

«.  Twisted 12.00 

d.  Linen  thread,  prepared  for  retail  trade,  bleached,  colored 30. 00 

Note. — Raw  twisted  hemp  yam  for  the  manufacture  of  hose  and 
tbe  like,  on  producing  a  permit,  and  under  the  existing  rules, 

regulations,  and  control 6.00 

138.  Jnte  yams : 

a.  Single,  raw 1.50 

6.  Twisted,  bleached,  boiled  in  ashes,  or  colored 5.00 

Linen  goods: 
139>  Qiay  canvas,  i.  «.,  smooth,  coarse,  simple,  twilled  texture,  without  fig- 
ures, made  of  hemp  or  flax,  not  having  more  than  5  warp 

threads  to  5  millimeters ;  also  bags  made  of  the  same 2. 00 

Note. — ^S^arked  bags,  having  been  in  use,  made  of  gray  canvas,  are  free. 

140.  Linen  goods,  not  figured,  raw,  up  to  20  warp  threads  to  5  millimeters. . .      12. 00 

141.  Linen  goods,  not  figured,  bleached,  colored,  woven  in  several  colors, 

printed: 

a.  Up  to  10  warp  threads  to  5millimeters 20.00 

.6.  From  11  to  20  warp  threads  to  5  millimeters 40.00 

142.  Linen  goods,  figured,  up  to  20  warp  threads  to  5  millimeters 40. 00 

143.  Linen  ffoods  above  20  warp  threads  to  5  millimeters 80.00 

144.  Cambno^  gauze,  lacons,  and  other  thin  woven  stuffs 120. 00 

145.  Fabrics  m  connection  with  metallic  threads 160.00 


216         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Floiiuw 

146.  Laoes,  edgioffs,  embroidered  woven  goods 200.00 

147.  Velyet-like  labrics  (oat  or  nnoat),  fringes,  bottons,  ribbon,  and  knit 

goods 80.00 

Jute  textores: 

148.  Bagging  and  packing  staffs  of  late,  raw,  onbleached,  neither  colored 

nor  fieared,  also,  simply  twilled,  of  not  more  tban  5  warp 
threa£  to  5  millimeters,  as  well  as  ready-made  bags  made 

therefrom 6.00 

KOTB. — ^Marked  bags  made  of  jnte,  haying  been  in  nse,  are  free. 

149.  Fomitare  stofb  and   dress  goods,  tape^ary,  as  well  as  all  textares  of 

jute,  in  connection  with  other  ye^etable  spinning  materials, 
inclnding  cotton,  of  which  jate  rorms  the  principal  compo- 
nent part,  also  similar  Jute  textares  embroidered  or  in  connection 
with  metallic  threads 40.00 

150.  Jate  textares,  not  otherwise  proyided  for ;  carpets,  carria^  nigs,  and 

stair  carpets  of  jate,  and  of  other  yegetable  spinning  materials 
not  otherwise  provided  for;  also  bleached,  colored,  printed,  or 
fignred 12.60 

151.  Ropemakers'  goods: 

a.  Ropes,  cables,  cords,  also  bleached,  tarred 3.00 

h.  All  other  ropemakers'    goods,    also   bleached,  colored,  tarred, 

sized,  and  varnished 12.00 

XXIY. — Woolf  woolen  yam  and  woolen  goodi,  aUo  mixed  with  other  epinning  materidUf 

except  Hlk. 

152.  Wool,  raw,  washed,  combed,  colored,  bleached,  milled,  and  asrefase..      Free. 

153.  Wool  and  hair  tablets,  hat  felts,  and  nat  wadding 9.00 

154.  Woolen  yarns  (of  wool  or  animal  hair)  and  Vicugna  yams : 

a.  Raw 8.00 

KoTE. — Weft  yam,  raw,  on  entry  by  way  of  custom-houses  spe- 
cially desiguateid 1.50 

h.  Bleached,  colored,  printed,  three  or  more  twisted  threads 12.00 

Woolen  goods  (of  wool  or  animal  hair) : 

155.  Shaggy  cloths,  Halina  cloths,  pressed  cloths,  sieve,  bottoms,  ropes,  cables 

made  of  horse-hair,  trellis  and  tied  nets,  both  uncolored,  hat 
clippings,  cloth  cuttings 12.00 

156.  Carpets: 

a.  Of  dogs,  calf  or  cows'  hair,  also  with  slight  mixture  of  wool 12. 00 

h.  Others,  also  printed 40.00 

157.  Girths 40.00 

158.  Wooleneoods  not  specially  named : 

a.  "V^ighing  over  500  grams  per  square  meter 50.00 

h.  Weighing  500  grams  and  less  per  square  meter 80.00 

KoTE. — Entirely  woven  with  cotton  warp,  of  one  color,  not  figured, 
dressed  like  cloth,  weighing  more  tlian  300  grains  per  square 

meter 50.00 

150.  Velvets  and  velvet-like  fabrics  (out  or  uncut),  fringes,  buttons,  ribbons, 

and  knit  goods  (except  those  under  156  h) 80.00 

160*  Light  woolen  woven  goods 100.00 

161.  SmLwls  and  shawl-like  textures,  laces  (lace  shawls),  embroidered  woven 

goods,  goods  with  metallic  threads 150.00 

102.  Felt  and  felt  ware  (except  carpets) : 

a.  Coarse  felts  of  animals'  hair,  also  cut  out,  tarred,  or  varnished      12. 00 

ft.  Felts,  others,  and  felt  ware,  both  not  printed 40. 00 

0.  Printed 80.00 

XXV. — SUk  and  eilk  goode^  aUo  mixed  wUh  other  epinning  nuiteriaL 

163.  Cocoons,  silk  scraps,  not  spun Free. 

164.  Flocks  of  silk 12.00 

165.  Silk  (reeled),  also  twisted: 

a.  Raw Free. 

h.  Made  white  or  colored,  or  in  connection  with  other  spinning  mate- 
rials       22.00 

166.  Floss  silk  (silk  scraps  spun),  also  twisted: 

a.  Raw,  or  made  white Free. 

h.  Colored,  or  in  connection  with  other  spinning  material 22.00 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEYEBAL  COUNTBIES.         217 

167.  SewiDg  silk^  batton-hole  silk,  and  the  like,  made  white  or  colored ;  thread 

or  all  kinds  prepared  for  retail  toade 60.00 

Note. — Soft-carded  yam,  raw,  containing  one  thread  of  nnreeled  silk, 
will  be  treated  like  woolen  yam  under  No.  154  a. 
Silk  goods: 
168.   Blond  lace,  lace  (lace  handkerchiefs),  silk  goods,  embroidered,  or  in  con- 
nection with  metallic  threads 400.00 

160.  Goods  entirely  made  of  silk,  or  floss  silk 400.00 

170.  Half  silk  goods,  i.  e.,  all  goods  not  enumerated  under  No.  168,  containing 

other  spinning  materials  aside  from  silk  or  floss  silk 200. 00 

NoTB. — (1).  Very  coarse  textures  of  raw-silk  waste,  having  the  appear- 
ance of  grav  packing  cauvas,  and  intended  for  pressing  clothes, 

dust  rags,  dr c,  also  with  single-colored  threads 24. 00 

(2.)  Silk,  spun  together  with  yam  of  other  materials,  without 
coTeringtnesame  or  without  passing  continuously  through  the 
whole  length  of  the  spinning  thread,  is  not  classified  under 
textures  made  from  sncn  yam. 

STL— CZotAtsi^,  linen,  and  ariicU$  of  dreB$f  exclu$ive  of  such  good9  made  of  paper,  leather, 

gutta-perchaf  and  wax  cioih, 

171.  Artificial  flowers,  finished,  wholly  or  partly  of  woven  or  worsted  goods; 

ornamental  feathers,  prepared,  and  fabrics  made  therefrom ....     170. 00 

172.  Ptrts  of  artificial  flowers 70.00 

Hats  and  cajM : 

173.  Gentlemen's  hats  of  silk  and  stuffs  of  all  kinds ;  also  trimmed 130. 00 

174.  Gentlemen's  hats  of  felt ;  also  trimmed 90.00 

NoTB.— Felt  prepared  in  hat  form 50.00 

ITS.  Hats  not  otherwise  provided  for '. perpiece 

tt.  Not  trimmed 0.20 

h.  Trimmed 0.40 

e.  Ornamented 0.50 

Note. — ^Trimmed  means  only  furnished  with  lining,  braiding,  and 
hat  band. 
178.  Clothing,  linen,  dress  goods  not  otherwise  provided  for,  pay  an  additional 
duty  of  40  per  cent.,  according  to  the  material  which  forms  the 
principal  component  part. 
Hon. — (1.)  On  declaring  clotning,  linen,  and  dress  goods,  the  principal 
part  of  which  they  are  composed  must  be  stated. 
(2.)  Other  sewed  articles,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  will  be 

treated  according  to  No.  176. 
(3.)  Clothiuff  and  linen,  cut  out  only,  will  be  treated  like  the 
material  of  which  they  are  composed. 

'XXVll.—Brueh  and  eieve-makert^  goods. 

"*•  Common  brushes  and  brooms  made  of  bristles,  rice  straw,  piassava,  and 
other  animal  or  vegetable  stuffis ;  aliso  mounted  with  wood  or 

19R  ur  iron, not  colored,  without  polish  or  vamish 4.00 

^'^  Wooden  sieves,  finished,  with  bottoms  of  wicker-work  or  iron  wire,  under 

•^  No.  261  a;  wooden-sieve  bottoms 4.00 

*^*  Broaii  and  sieve  midLcrs' goods  not  otherwise  provided  for ;  scrubbing  and 
horse  brushes  in  connection  with  woven  or  worsted  stuffs,  in  so 
fiir  as  they  do  not  come  under  the  head  of  India-rubber,  leather, 
bone,  metal,  or  fancy  goods 15.00 

^^^^^Lr^Straw  and  haet  goods,  dUo  goods  made  of  mshes,  cocoanut  fher,  grass,  reed, 

iM  r»u  .  ***•»  ^"•'  •^^^  9«. 

•  ^«»liair  cane : 

0.  Raw, split 0.50 

Ijv.         ft.  Stainea,  colored,  vamished 5.00 

"^  Carpets  and  mats  (carnage  rugs,  A-c.) : 

a.  Not  colored 3.00 

IHl   n  *•  Colored 6.00 

'^  Coaiae  goods  for  domestic  use  (i.  a.,  baskets,  dishes,  plates,  A.C.),  also  in 

!»  "to^         connection  with  wood 5.00 

^^  Bndds,  also  rugs,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  also  in  connection  with 
other  materials  if  not  coming  under  No.  184,  or  under  India- 
rubber,  leather,  metal,  or  fancy  goods,  with  a  higher  tariff. ...      16. 00 


^ 


218  TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


184.  BraidB,  finest,  i.  e.,  textures  with  silk  or  other  spun  yam,  with  horse-hair 

or  metallic  threads  drawn  through  or  woven  in,  also  in  oonnec- 

tiou  with  other  materials,  if  not  coming  under  fancy  goods 50. 00 

XXIX. — Faiper  and  paper  goods, 

185.  Paper  material,  bleached  or  unbleached : 

a.  Of  rags  rhalf  material) Free. 

h.  Of  wood,  straw,  esparto,  and  similar  fibers 0.50 

186.  Gray  blotting  paper,  coarse  packing  paper  nncolored,  common  paste- 

board, tar  and  stone  pasteboara 1.00 

187.  Wrapping  paper,  glazed  or  colored,  varnished  or  tarred 3.00 

188.  Glased  cupboard,  gloss  and  leather  pasteboard,  slate  paper  and  tablets 

from  the  same  (unconnected  with  other  material),  pumice  stone, 

glass,  sand  and  emery  paper,  pumice  stone  and  emery  cloth. . .        3. 00 

189.  Paper,  unsized,  ordinary  (coarse  gray,  half  white  and  colored);  all  print- 

ing papers  not  sized 5.00 

190.  Paper  not  otherwise  provided  for 5.00 

191.  Lithographed,  printed  or  ruled  paper  for  mottoes,  labels,  bills  of  lading, 

billheads,  &c.,  drawing  paper,  albumen  paper,  gelatine  paper, 
parchment,  copperplate  paper^  colored  paper,  painters'  paste- 
l>oard 7.00 

192.  Gfold  and  silver  paper  and  paper  with  gold  or  silver  patterns  (genuine  or 

imitation,  also  bronzed),  pressed  or  perforated  paper,  stripes  of 
the  foregoing  kinds  of  paper ;  paper  and  pastebioard  covered 
with  linen  (also  cotton  and  linen),  wall  paper 15.00 

193.  Holders'  work  of  stone  pasteboard,  asphalt,  or  similar  materials: 

a.  Neither  painted  nor  varnished,  also  in  connection  with  wood  or 

iron 2.00 

h.  Others  also  in  connection  with  other  materials  if  not  coming  under 

No.  195  or  under  India-rubber,  leather,  metal,  or  fancy  goods..       15. 00 

194.  Paper  goods,  i.  e.,  articles  of  paper  or  cardboard,  paper  pulp  or  ligneous 

fiber ;  also  in  connection  with  other  materials,  if  not  coming 
under  No.  195  or  under  India-rubber,  leather,  metal,  or  fancy 
goods,  hat-linings  of  paper,  also  covered  with  textures 15. 00 

195.  Fancy  ornamental  paper  goods,  fine  cartoons,  labels,  vignettes  in  differ- 

ent colors  (cbromo-lithographs),  toys,  paper  linen,  book  bind- 
ings covered  with  linen  (also  cotton  ana  linen) ;  also  in  con- 
nection with  other  materials,  if  not  coming  under  leather  or 
fancy  goods  with  a  higher  tariff 30.00 

196.  Playing  cards 60.00 

Note. — Playing  cards  must  moreover  be  stamped  according  to  regula- 
tions in  force,  and  must  be  declared  according  to  number  and 
condition  of  the  games  and  the  number  of  cards  they  contain. 

XXX. — India-rubber  and  gutta-percha  and  articles  made  thertfrom, 

197.  India-rubber  and  gutta-percha,  raw  and  prepared Free. 

198.  India-rubber  melted.  India-rubber  threads  not  spun  over 1.50 

199.  India-rubber  hardened,  in  sheets,  tubes,  and  bars,  also  polished,  but 

without  further  manufacture 6.00 

200.  Hose  and  beltings  of  all  kinds  of  or  with  India-rubber,  also  with  layers 

of  tissue  or  of  wire 12.00 

201.  Shoes,  also  in  connection  with  woven  or  worsted  goods  and  other  mate- 

rials, unless  coming  under  leather  or  fancy  goods,  with  a  higher 

tariff 30.00 

202.  Children's  toys 20.00 

203.  Articles  of  soft  India-rubber,  except  those  enumerated  under  200, 201,  and 

202.... 20.00 

204.  Textures  covered  with  India-rubber,  dipped,  coated,  or  fastened  by  means 

of  layers  of  India-rubber 45. 00 

Note. — ^Textures  for  covering  carding  benches  in  manufactories,  or  In- 
dia-rubber printing  cloth  utr  cotton  mills  by  special  permit, 
according  to  regulations  and  control  to  be  made  public 3. 00 

205.  Clothing  and  other  articles  made  from  tissues  enumerated  under  No. 

204 50.00 

206.  Elastic  textures,  knit  goods,  trimmings  and  articles  made  therefirom  ...      70. 00 
Shoe-lastings  with  India-rubber  threaids  glued  on 45.00 


TABIFF8  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         219 

907.  Goods  made  of  hardened  India-rabber,  the  goods  enumerated  ander  202, 

203, 205, 206,  and  207;  also  in  connection  ivith  other  materialS| 
if  not  coming  nnder  a  higher  tariff,  as  leather,  metal,  or  fiuicy 

goods 

Goods  made  of  gntta-percha  will  be  treated  like  goods  made  of  India- 
rabber. 

XXXI. — Wax  cioih  and  wax  silk, 

206.  W«x  oloth,  coarse,  i.  e.,  wax' cloth  for  packing,  not  printed;  asphalt 

linen 2.00    . 

209.  Caniage  covers  of  coarse  textures,  covered  with  or  dipped  in  oil,  tar,  or 

compositions  of  oil 10.00 

210.  Thick  floor  coverings  of  wax  cloth,  linoleum,  camptulikon,  and  similar 

compositions 10.00 

211.  Wax  oloth  not  otherwise  provided  for,  also  wax  muslin 20.00 

212.  Wax  Bilk 26.00 

XXXII. — Leather  and  leather  goade, 

213.  Leathor,  ordinary,  i.  e.,  not  enumerated  under  Nos. 214  and  215,  also  cut; 

blackened,  neat,  and  horse  leather,  also  grained,  in  entire  or  in 

half  skins 9.00 

NOTB. — Sheep  and  goat  skins,  tanned  (neither  white  nor  chamois  dressed), 

also  split,  not  colored 6.00 

214.  Sole  leather  and  sole  leather  refhse 18.00 

215.  Leather,  fine,  i.  0.,  blackened  leather,  except  the  neat  and  horse  hides 

enumerated  under  No.  213;  fflove  leather,  cordovan,  morocco. 
Turkish  leather,  as  well  as  all  colored.  Japanned,  and  bronzed 
leather,  also  leather  with  pressed  designs ;  parchment 18. 00 

216.  Leather  goods,  ordinarv,  i,  0.,  articles  of  ordinary  leather  ([neither  white 

nor  chamois  dressed),  also  of  blackened  or  grained  neat  and 
horse  leather  or  coarse  wax  cloth ;  harness  and  trunk-makers' 
manufactures  made  from  haired  skins,  of  raw  jute  textures, 
gray  packing  canvas,  raw  ticking,  drillings,  canvas  and  other 
coarse  raw-linen  textures,  also  girths 25. 00 

217.  Leather  goods,  fine,  i.  0.,  articles  of  white  chamois  dressed  leather,  parch- 

ment, or  of  fine  leather  enumerated  under  No.  215,  of  wax  cloth 
or  wax  silk  not  otherwise  provided  for;  harness  and  trunk 
makers'  articles  made  of  textures  enumerated  under  No.  216, 

bleached,  colored ;  also  of  carpet  tissues *. 35. 00 

The  goods  named  under  216  and  217,  also  in  connection  with  other  mate- 
rials, provided  they  do  not  come  under  India-rubber,  metal,  or 
fancy  goods  with  higher  tariff. 

218.  Shoes  of  all  kincb,  of  or  with  leather;  also  in  connection  with  woven  or 

worsted  goods  and  other  materials,  if  not  coming  under  fancy 

goods 35.00 

219.  Gloves  of  leather  (even  if  only  cut  out  or  in  connection  with  woven  or  . 

worsted  goods) 50.00 

XXXIII. — Furrtero*  goode, 

220.  Fors,  tanned  on  one  side,  not  made  up : 

a.  Of  common  skins 10.00 

h.  Of  fine  skins 50.00 

221.  Fors  made  up : 

a.  Of  common  skins 40. 00 

5.  Of  fine  skins 200.00 

Note. — Clothing,  not  of  silk,  and  leather  gloves  covered,  lined,  or 
trimmed  with  fine  fur,  will  be  treated  nke  fine  ftir  goods  made 
up. 

XXXIY. —  Wood  and  hone  ware, 

222.  Ordinary  wooden  ware,  i.  0.,  coarse,  rough  coopers',  tamers',  and  joiners^ 

material  of  unstained  wood,  also  plain  wooden  ware  and  wagon- 
makers'  work  'j  coarse  machines  (also  lathes,  mangles,  mills, 
presses,  spinning-wheels,  and  looms);  coarse  baskets  (packing 
and  market  baskets,  hampers  and  clothes  basket«,  Kiddles, 
Slc);  birch  brooms;  agricultural, garden, and  kitchen  tools: 
a.  Neither  colored,  stained,  varnished,  Japanned  or  polished,  nor  in 

conuectioD  with  other  niateriulH 1. 00 


220         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Fiorina. 
h.  Raw,  but  with  mountings  or  otherwise,  connected  with  iron  or 

other  base  metals 3.00 

0.  Colored,  stained,  varnished,  Japanned,  or  polished,  or  with  any 

combinations  mentioned  under  No.  2^^ *    3.00 

283.  Wooden  furniture  and  parts  of  furniture  (as  far  as  not  enumerated  under 
Nos.  222,  224,  and  225) : 

a.  Fine  raw 3.00 

h.  Colored,  stained,  varnished,  Japanned  or  polished,  or  in  connection 
with  bast,  reeds,  cane,  straw,  and  wicker  work,  base  metals, 

glass,  stone  slabs,  or  common  leather 3.00 

0.  Furniture,  cushioned,  without  cover 15.00 

d.  Furniture,  cushioned,  with  cover SO.  00 

824.  Wooden- ware,  nne.i. «.,  fine  turned  and  carved  articles,  wooden  bronzes, 
gilt  or  silvered  wooden-ware^  or  finely  painted.  All  wooden 
ware  not  otherwise  provided  for,  and  goods  made  of  the  vege- 
table carving  material 15.00 

226.  Wooden  ware,  finely  inlaid  (buhlwork,  intarsien),  fine  baskets,  and 

wicker  work 20.00 

226.  Veneers,  not  inlaid,  parquetry  and  parts  of  the  sames 

a.  Raw 1.50 

h.  Stained,  colored, polished 3.00 

227.  Veneersy  inlaid 12.00 

228.  Cork: 

a.  Sheets,  slices,  squares 1.50 

h»  Stoppers,  soles,  and  other  articles  of  cork 12.00 

229.  Wooden  toys: 

a.  Coarse,  simply  planed,  carved  or  turned,  raw 1.00 

h.  Other 20.00 

230.  Boneware: 

a.  Whalebone,  split 5.00 

h,  Boneware  not  otherwise  provided  for 20.00 

The  goods  enumerated  under  Nos.  224, 225,  22dc,  and  230c;  also  in 
connection  with  other  materials,  if  not  coming  under  India- 
rubber,  leather,  metal,  or  fancy  goods,  with  a  higher  tariff. 

XXXV. — Glaa$  and  glassware, 

231.  Qlass  mass,  enamel  and  glazing  mass,  eround  glass  (glass  dust^ 1.50 

232.  Hollow  glass,  ordinary,  t.  e.,  uncut,  without  design,  neither  polished  nor 

pressed: 

a.  In  its  natural  color,  but  not  white 2.00 

h»  White  (transparent) gross..        4.00 

233.  Hollow  glass  in  its  natural  color,  or  white  (transparent),  only  with  ground 

or  polished  stoppers,  bottoms,  and  edges gross. .        4. 00 

234.  Hollow  glass,  white  (transparent)  cut,  figured,  pressed,  finted,  etched ; 

solid  white  glass  not  otherwise  provided  for 8.00 

Flat^glass: 

235.  Qlass,  for  mirrors,  raw,  uncut;  cast  plates,  rough,  finted,  also  tiles 1. 50 

236.  Window-glass,  in  its  natural  color  (green,  half  or  entirely  white),  neither 

cut  nor  figured atoss..        4.00 

237.  Plate-glass  of  all  kinds,  cut,  figured,  dimmed,  or  overlaid;  framea  look- 

ing-glasses       12.00 

238.  Optical  glaM,  i.  «.,  fiint,  crown,  zinc,  and  borax  glass,  rough,  notnound 

for  lenses,  in  pieces  and  tablets,  or  pressed  into  the  form  of 
lenses,  alsp  piurtly  ground 1.50 

239.  Crystals  for  watches,  glasses  for  spectacles,  and  other  optical  glasses  ad- 

Justed  or  ground 50.00 

240.  Qlass  tubes,  rods,  and  pipes,  without  reji^rd  to  color  (such  as  used  for  the 

manufacture  of  beads,  artistic  blowing,  and  the  manufacture 

of  buttons) 1.50 

241.  Qlass  pendants,  solid,  for  chandeliers,  glass  beads,  glass  buttons,  glass 

enamel,  glass  drops,  glass  spinnings,  also  colored 2. 00 

242.  Qlass,  colored  (except  the  articles  ennmeratid  under  Nos.  240  and  241), 

painted,  gilt,  silvered ;  glass  paste  imitation  gems  without  set- 
ting       12.  op 

243.  Qlass  and  enameled  goods  not  otherwise  provided  for  or  in  connection 

with  other  materials,  if  not  comins  under  India-rubber,  leather, 

metal,  or  fancy  gooos  with  a  higher  tariff 15.00 


TAKIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         221 

XXXYI. — Stoneware,  i,  e.^werk  in  eionee  and  uvibumt  claift  cement  and  stone  com- 

positions. 

Florini. 
244.  Stpne-cntters'  work  (sach  as  door  and  window  frames,  pillars  and  parts 

of  pillars,  gutters,  pipes,  troughs,  &c.,  uncut,  except  those  of 
alabaster  and  marble);  touch,  grind,  and  whet  stones,  without 
any  connection  ;  millstones,  also  witn  iron  bands  or  metal  cas- 
ings; plates  and  lithographers'  stones,  cut,  unpolished;  play* 
ing-marbles,  die. ;  casts  made  of  plaster  or  sulphur,  of  coins, 

cameo8,d[.c 0.25 

245.  Prepared  mineralN,  such  as  artificially  colored  clay  and  stone ;  cement, 
and  goods  made  therefrom  (not  polished ) ;  slabs  and  plates  cut, 
not  polished ;  cleaning,  grinding,  and  polishing  substances  in 
their  natural  state  preparvnl  for  retail  trade 0.50 

246.  Stoneware,  ordinary,  i,  e.,  articles  of  stone  not  otherwise  provided  for, 

also  in  connection  with  wood  and  iron,  without  Tarnish  or 

polish 1.50 

247,  Stoneware,  fine,  i.  e.,  fancy  articles  (letter-weights,  candlesticks,  cops, 

inkstands,  and  similar  fancy  objects),  statues,  busts,  figures  of 
animals,  and  other  plastic  works,  weighing  5  kilograms  or  less ; 
articles  in  connection  with  other  materials,  if  not  coming  under 
India-bubber,  leather,  metal,  or  fancy  goods  with  a  higher 

tariff 15.00 

^  Stones,  genuine  (precious  or  half  precious  stones),  and  corals  (genuine 
and  imitation),  prepared,  t.  e.,  ground,  cut,  or  otherwise  worked 
upon ;  genuine  pearls,  all  these  articles  not  set,  if  not  coming 
unde  r  lan  cy  goods 24 .  00 

XXXVII. — Clay-ware, 

^'  Tiles  and  bricks;  building  ornaments  (also  of  terra-cotta) ;  clay  pipes: 

0.  Unglazed Free. 

g^  b.  Glazed 0.50 

^'  i^pes  and  thick  plates  of  common  earthenware,  chamotte 0. 50 

^1.  Gas  retorts,  crucibles,  vessels  for  manufacturing  purposes  (of  graphite, 

flgg  ^  fire- proof  clay,  or  common  stoneware) 0.50 

^^  Ordinary  crockery- ware,  made  of  common  or  hflirdcned  clay  or  stoneware ; 

2S3L  J5  blar-k  graphite  pottery 0.50 

?*^ve8,  and  parts  of  stoves;  Dutch  tiles  for  floors  or  walls 3. 00 

'N'oTB, — Articles  of  Nos.  249  to  252,  in  connection  with  wood  or  iron, 

ggj  without  varnish  or  polish 2.00 

•  ^*Ay-ware,  not  otherwise  provided  for: 

a.  Of  one  color,  or  white 5.00 

9&e  ^1^      6.  Of  two  or  more  colors,  edged,  painted,  printed,  gilt,  silvered 8.00 

*^-  *^orcelain : 

a.  White : 7.00 

25g   -->.      ft.  Colored,  edged,  painted,  printed,  gilt,  silvered 15»  00 

*  ^^^^y-ware  in  connection  with  other  materials,  if  not  coming  under  India- 
rubber,  leather,  metal,  or  fEincy  goods  with  a  higher  tariff 15. 00 

XXXVIII. — Iron  and  hardware, 

'  iron:  iron  and  steel,  old,  broken,  and  in  scraps  for  melting  and 

fonring 0.80 

(1). — In  consideration  of  circumstances  of  a  local  character,  foun- 
dries using  old  and  scrap  iron  may  be  permitted,  with  the  con- 
sent of  the  Governments  of  both  parts  of  the  empire,  to  import 
old  and  scrap  iron  at  the  exceptional  duty  of  50  kreuzers  for  100 
kilograms,  subject  to  a  control  of  its  appliance  and  the  fixation 
of  the  maximum  quantity. 

gg     Y  (2). — Iron  filings  and  hammer  scales 1 Free. 

IRQ*    i-'^^^ps;  ingots - 1.60 

"**^03i  and  steel  in  bars,  hammered  or  rolled : 

0.  Not  shaped 2.75 

^^gr^    ,^^     d.  Shaped 3.50 

Sv    ^^^  foir  raUways 2.75 

"^      "Heet-lron  and  iron  plates ;  wire : 

a.  Of  the  thickness  of  1  millimeter  and  more 4.00 

h.  Of  the  thickness  of  less  than  1  millimeter 5. 00 

e.  Varnished,  coppered,  tinned,  or  coated  with  zinc,  lead  or  nickel ; 

sheet-iron  and  plates  polished 8. 00 

Iron-ware 


# 


222  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

262.  Ordinary  cast  iron :  Florin*. 

a.  Pig-iron 2.00 

h.  Scoured  or  coarsely  painted ;  drilled,  ur  only  in  few  dififerent  places 

ground,  twisted,  or  planed 4. 00 

0.  Ground,  twisted,  planed,  coated  with  copper,  tin,  zinc,  or  lead,  en- 
ameled, or  finely  painted 8.50 

The  goods  under  h  and  c,  also  with  the  necessary  cast  iron  or  con- 
necting wooden  parts. 
963.  Common  irot  and  steal  goods  made  from  malleable  cast  iron,  cast  steel, 
wrought  iron,  or  steel,  as  far  as  they  do  not  come  under  the 
following  numbers : 

a.  Coarse,  also  brightened 4.00 

h.  Coarsely  painted,  drilled,  or  ground  in  a  few  places,  twisted,  planed, 
with  notches  for  the  turning  of  a  screw  (also  screw  bolts  and 

nuts) 5.00 

0.  Ground,  twisted,  planed,  or  coated  with  copper,  tin,  zinc,  lead  or 

fienly  painted 8. 50 

All  these  goods  also  in  connection  with  wood  or  cast  iron. 

264.  Wrought-iron  pipes,  also  joints 5.00 

265.  Wrought-iron  boilers,  also  steam  boilers ;  perforated  or  grooved  black 

sheet-iron  and  plates ;  goods  made  of  black  sheet-iron 6. 00 

266.  Car-wheels,  finished,  also  on  axle-trees 6. 00 

267.  Nails  and  tacks,  springs  for  steel  vehicles,  hay  and  dung  forks,  hatchets, 

shovels  (rough,  brightened,  or  ground  in  some  few  places), 
scythes,  sickles,  straw-knives ;  also  in  connection  with  wood. .         6. 50 

268.  Wire  rope,  wire  brushes,  wire-sieve  1>ottom8,  coarse  wire-work  (made  of 

wire  under  No.  261a) 8.00 

5S69.  Ordinary  tools  for  cutting  and  drilling,  i.  e.,  saws,  plane  and  chisel  irons, 

awls,  gimlets,  files,  rasps,  dec,  cloth-makers'  shears,  coarse 
knives  and  scissors ;  all  these  for  the  use  of  mechanics  and 
farmers  (also  machines);  screws,  locks;  also  ground,  twisted, 
painted,  coated  with  tin,  zinc,  copper,  or  lead,  or  in  connection 

with  wood 10. 00 

870.  Fine  iron  and  steel  ware  : 

a.  Polished,  japanned,  enameled,  coated  with  nickel  (except  the  com- 
mon enameled  cast  iron  named  under  No.  262  c) ;  b.  Artificial 
and  light  ornamental  castings ;  o.  Wirework  not  otherwise  pro- 
vided for ;  pins,  hooking  and  knitting  kneedles,  tacks,  hooks, 
and  eyes,  buckles,  fish-hooks,  thimbles,  and  similar  small  arti- 
cles ;  children's  toys,  skates,  steel  cords,  scrapers  of  all  kinds; 
sleys,  weavers'  cards,  sprii^s  (watch  and  carriage  springs 
excepted);  d.  Arms  and  parts  of  arms  (fire-arms  and  gun- 
barrels  excepted) ;  cutlery,  if  not  coming  under  269  and  271 ;  e. 
Furniture,  cushioned,  covered,  or  finely  ornamented:  /.  Iron 
and  steel  goods  in  connection  with  other  materials 15. 00 

271.  Fine  cutlery,  steel  peos,  wire  spun  over  with  thread,  gun-barrels 30. 00 

272.  Guns ;  sewing  needles 50. 00 

The  articles  enumerated  under  Nos.  270,  ^1,  and  272,  if  not  coming  under 

India-rubber,  leather,  metal,  or  fancy  goods  with  a  higher 
tarifl^ 

XXXIX. — Baw  metah  and  gooda  made  therefrom. 

273.  Lead  and  lead  alloyages : 

a.  Raw,  old,  broken,  and  refuse 1.00 

d.  Cast  (boilers,  pipes,  sheets,  bullets,  shot,  &c.),  rolled,  drawn  out 

(lead  wire),  type,  stereotype  plates 4. 50 

274.  Zinc: 

a.  Raw,  also  old,  broken  and  refiise Free. 

b,  lobars,  blocks,  and  sheets 1.50 

0.  In  wires  and  pipes  j  coarse  zinc,  cast,  without  other  preparation, 

also  in  connection  with  ordinary  woodwork,  and  bars  and 

sheets  of  iron ;  grooved  and  perforated  plates  and  sheets 3.  (X> 

275.  Tin: 

a.  Raw,  also  old,  broken,  and  refuse Free* 

b.  In  bars,  plates,  sheets,  wires,  and  pipes:  coarse  tin,  cast,  with- 

out otner  preparation,  also  in  connection  with  ordinary  wood- 
work and  bars  or  plates  of  iron 4.00 


TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL    COUJiTRIES.  223 

Floi  ins. 
S76.  Copper,  nickel,  antimony,  brass,  pa ckfon^,  tombac,  and  other  metals  and 

metal  compositions,  not  otherwise  provided  for : 

a.  Haw,  also  old,  broken,  and  refuse ;  qnicksilver Free. 

h.  In  rongh  castings  (i.  e.,  in  bells  and  pipes,  each  weighing  more 
than  5  kilograms,  and  in  other  objects  weighing  more  than 

10  kilograms) 6. 00 

0.  Drawn,  stretchea  (in  bars,  tablets,  plates),  sheets,  and  wire,  more 

than  5  millimeter 8. 00 

d.  Sheets  and  wire,  5  millimeter  and  less  in  thickness ;  grooved  and 

perforated  plates  and  sheets 10. 00 

«.  Plated  (silvered)  wire«  sheets,  tablets  of  copper  and  brass ;  imita- 
tion Leon  ^cemented)  wire 15.00 

977.  Tinware,  coarse  (dialies,  plates,  boilers,  and  other  vessels),  not  varnished 

and  not  connected  with  other  materials 5. 00 

SS78.  Metal- ware,  ordinary : 

A.  Rollers,  boiler  tnbes,  boilers,  cooking  and  distilling  apparatus,  nn- 

Japanned,  unpolished,  alsio  in  connection  with  wood  and  iron..       10. 00 
h.  Polished,  varnished,  japanned, nickel-coated,  figured  sheets  and 

plates 12.00 

879.  Metal-ware,  fine,i.  «.,  all  materials  not  embraced  under  other  numbers, 
also  in  connection  with  other  materials,  if  not  coming  under 
No.  280,  or  India  rubber,  leather,  or  fancy  goods  with  a  higher 

tariff ;  telegraph  cable 15. 00 

280.  Metal-ware,  finest,  t.  e,y  fancy  articles  and  other  finely  finished  (t. «.,  orna- 
mented, pressed*,  embossed,  or  nickel-coated),  goods  of  packfong 
((German  silver,  alfenide  and  similar  nickel  compositions),  Bri- 
tannia metal,  bronze,  brass,  tombac,  and  similar  alloys,  also 
in  connection  with  othermaterials,  if  not  coming  under  leather 

or  fancy  goods  with  higher  tariff 30.00 

881.  Metallic  cloth,  fine,  having  20  warp-threads  or  more  to  2  centimeters ; 

writing  pens ;  wire  spun  over  with  thread 30. 00 

XL. — Machinea  and  parts  of  machinery  of  wood,  irony  or  hose  meiala, 

888.  liOcomotiYe •. 8.00 

283,  Tender,  locomobile ■. 6.00 

884.  Sewing  machines,  with  or  without  frame 20.00 

885.  Machines  made  of  wood  (i.  e, ,  with  50  per  cent,  or  more  of  wood) 3. 00 

886.  Machines  made  of  base  metals  (t.  e..  with  more  than  50  per  cent,  base 

metal) 10.00 

Machines  not  otherwise  provided  for : 

a.  When  75  per  cent,  or  more  of  the  total  weight  consists  of  oast  iron 

or  cast  iron  and  wood 5.00 

h.  Others 6.00 

N0TR8.-— (1.)  Copper  and  brass  rollers  and  plates,  engraved  or  not 

engraved,  for  inland  cotton  mills,  by  special  permit Free. 

(2.)  Machines  and  parts  of  machinery,  also  in  connection  with 
other  materialSy  if  not  coming  under  fancy  goods,  belonging  to 
tariff  class  XL. 
(3.)  As  parts  of  machinery  are  to  be  entered,  such  articles  as 
have  no  independent  use  unless  joined  to  other  machinery,  or 
moved  by  motive  power ;  if,  however,  they  constitute  rough, 
unprepared,  ordinary  cast-iron,  unconnected  with  other  mate- 
rialsy  or  coarsely  wrought,  unfinished  parts  of  machinery,  they 
may  be  treated  according  to  the  condition  oi  the  materiid  (Nos. 
a  and  263  a),  respectively. 
(4.)  Machines  not  manufactured  in  Austria-Hungary  may  be  en- 
tered from  time  to  time  on  payment  of  one-half  the  duty  by 
special  permit  of  the  Gk>vemment8  of  the  two  parts  of  theempire. 

XLI. — Vehicles  of  tranepartaUan, 

Stieet  vehicles : 
Xfiunber  wagoDB  and  lumber  sleighs 3.00 

Carriages  (per  piece) : 

Caniages,  without  leather  or  cushions 25.00 

Carriages,  with  leather  or  cushions 75.00 

Kan.-— Sleiffhs  pay.  under  No.  289,  one-half;  and  nnder  No.  290,  two- 
thurds  of  the  duty. 


224         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

m 

FlorixM. 

Railway  and  hone  oars  (per  100  kilograms) : 

291.  Freight  cars 5.00 

292^  Passenger  cars,  not  cashioned 6.50 

2913*  Passenger  cars,  cushioned 9.00 

Ships  (per  ton  harden) : 

294.  Wooden  (also  iron  or  copper  fastened) 0.40 

295.  Iron;  also  of  other  base  metals,  steamships 5.00 

NOTB  TO  Nos.  294  AND  295.— Utenslls  for  navigation  (i.  f.,  sails  and 
yards,  anchors  and  anchor  chains,  riggings,  small  boats),  if  in 
reasonable  amonnt  and  nnmbers,  will  pay  no  extra  duty.  Other 
articles  of  equipment^  as  well  as  steam  engines  of  steamships, 
are  subject  to  special  tariff  duty. 

XLII. — PreoUms  metaU  and  coin*. 

• 

296.  Gold,  silver,  platina,  precious  metals,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  raw, 

also  old,  broKen,  and  refuse Free. 

297.  Coins: 

a.  Coins  (also  medals  and  medallions)  of  precious  metal Free. 

h.  Coins  of  base  metal : Free. 

NOTB. — Medals  and  medallions  of  base  metals  are  classed  according 
to  the  material  of  which  they  are  composed. 

XLIII. — InstrumenU,  u>aicke$f  and  fancy  goods. 

[Per  100  kilograins.1 
Instruments : 
296.  Scientific  instruments  (astronomical,  mathematical,  physical,  surgical), 

without  regard  to  material  out  of  which  they  are  made Free. 

299.  Instmments  for  general  use : 

a.  Optical ;  o^ra  glasses,  telescopes,  spectacles,  eye-glasses  set,  &o . .     125. 00 

5.  Not  otherwise  providea  for 50.00 

The  goods  enumerated  under  No.  299,  a  and  h,  if  not  coming  under 
&ncy  goods  with  a  higher  tariff. 

300.  Musical  instruments 10.00 

Watches  (per  piece) : 

301.  Pocket  watches : 

a.  With  gold  or  gilted  cases 1.00 

h.  With  silver  or  silvered  cases 0.50 

c.  With  other  cases 0.30 

302.  Cases  for  watches : 

0.  Gold  or  gilt 0.70 

h.  Silver  or  silvered 0.20 

Note.— Other  cases  according  to  material. 

303.  Movements  to  ]M>cket  watches 0.30 

[Per  100  kilogramB.] 

304.  Ordinary  wooden  clocks,  and  movements  belonging  thereto ;  watch  ma- 

terial       30.00 

305.  Watches  and  movements  not  otherwise  provided  for,  if  not  coming  under 

fancy  goods  witha  higher  tariff 50.00 

306.  Clocks  for  steeples  and  parts  thereof 10.00 

307.  Gk>ld  and  silver  ware.  Jewelry,  and  all  goods  not  otherwise  provided  for, 

made  wholly  or  partly  of  precious  metals,  genuine  or  imitation 
pearls  or  corals,  set  gems ;  gold  and  silver  galloons,  fabrics 
therefrom,  as  well  as  from  gold  or  silver  wire 300. 00 

308.  (Genuine  gold  and  silver  leaf ;  wire  and  sheets  of  precious  metals ;  fabrics 

or  real  gilt  or  silvered  Leon  spinnings  or  wires 200.00 

Fancy  goods,  fine : 

309.  Goods,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  of  base  metals,  with  genuine  gilting 

or  silvering,  or  coated  with  gold  or  silver ;  goods  of  half  pre- 
cious stones,  also  sets;  imitation  pearls,  artificial  teeth,  arti- 
cles of  wi^-maker's  work  100.00 

210.  Goods  made  of,  or  in  connection  with  mother  of  pearl,  ivory,  tortoise 

shell,  amber,  Jet 100.00 

311.  Children's  toys  and  goods  not  otherwise  provided  for  in  connection  vrith : 

a.  Silk  goods,  laces,  artificial  flowers  (No.  171),  prepared  ornamental 

feathers 100.00 

h.  With  other  woven  or  worsted  goods 50.00 

''      Fancy  goods,  ordiuary : 

312.  Goods  made  of  meerschaum,  lava,  celluloid,  and  similar  artificial  caq^ 

iiig  material,  and  imitations  of  the  same 50.00 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         225 

Florixifl. 

313.  Qentlemen's  and  ladies'  omaments,  toilet  artitsles  of  base  metals^  of  iron 

and  steel  finely  made,  also  nickel-coated,  embossed^  enameled ; 
snch  articles  of  animal  or  vegitable  carrinc:  material  or  hs^- 
ened  India  rubber ;  bracelets  and  necklaces  of  glass  and  stone : 
fans :  cases  for  opera-glasses,  telescopes,  and  eye-glasses ;  steel 
pearls ;  metallic  pearls,  also  gilt,  silvered,  or  embossed 5(j.  00 

314.  Imitation  Leon  webs,  and  articles  made  therefrom ;  also  articles  of  imi- 

tation Leon  wires 50.00 

315.  Embroideries  npon  other  stuffs  than  woven  or  worsted  fabrics ;  articles 

of  embossed  ware  and  of  gold-beaters'  skins ;  strings  of  musical 

instruments,  and  all  strings  spun  over 50.00 

The  articles  enumerated  under  Nos.  309  to  315,  if  not  belonging  to  fancy 
goods  with  higher  tariff  or  specially  classed. 
316.  Umbrellas  and  parasols : 

a.  Of  silk - perpiece..        0.48 

6.  Of  other  fabrics do....        0.24 

XLIV. — Common  aalt. 

317.  Salt  (bay  salt,  rock  salt,  salt  spring,  brine  salt  water),  only  by  special 

permit 0.84 

NoTBS. — (1.)  In  case  special  permission  is  granted,  the  license  for  100  kilo- 
grams, net  common  salt,  is  9.38  florins  for  100  kilograms, 
Erenznach  bittern,  1.88  florins. 
(2.)  Upon  a  physician's  certificate  the  free  importation  of  sea- 
water  for  curing  purposes  will  be  permitted. 
(3.)  The  minister  of  finance  can  permit  the  free  importation  of 
foreign  salts  for  the  manufacture  of  chemicals  and  such  fabrics 
for  which  salt  in  large  quantities  is  essential,  if  used  only 
in  manufactures  and  not  as  an  article  of  food. 

XLY. — Chemical  auxiliary  atuffa. 

318.  BoraXy  crude ;  boracic  acid ;  Chili  saltpeter  (nitrate  of  soda),  crude ;  sul- 

phur (in  blocks  and  bars),  also  ground  and  flower  of  sulphur; 
antimony ;  tartar,  crude  or  refined ;  citrate  acid,  and  tartrate 
of  lime Free. 

319.  a,  Dun^  salt  (refuse  from  salt  works  and  factories,  and  manure,  arti- 

ficial, made  from  mixtures  of  salt) Free* 

h.  Chloride  of  potassium ;  chloride  of  magnesia ;  glauber  salt  (sul- 

ghate  of  soda);  sulphate  of  iron 0.20 
e  articles  enumerated  under  a  and  d,  except  glauber  salt  and 
sulphate  of  iron,  unless  imported  by  factories  with  that  privi- 
lege, only  by  special  permit  and  after  examination  of  the  ex- 
tent of  salt  contained. 

380.  Arsenic,  metallic  (arsenic),  arsenious  acids  (except  arsenic  or  arsenical 

acids),  arsenic  sulphur  (orpiment,  realgar);  corrosive  iron 
liquids  of  all  kinds;  pyroligneous  acid,  raw;*zaffer,  smalt; 
strewing  smalt ;  new  or  renewed  ashes  of  bones  (spodium) ; 
sulphuric  acid ;  muriatic  acid ;  nitric  acid  (aqua  fortis^ 0. 50 

321.  a.  Soda  (i.  e.,  carbonate  of  sodium),  raw  or  crystallized ;  potasii  (sim- 
ple carbonate  of  potassium^ ;  sulphate  of  potassium  (duplicate 
salt) ;  bicarbonate  soda  ana  potassium ;  glycerine  (also  glycer- 
ine lye) 0,80 

h.  Soda,  calcinated 1.20 

3S2.  Alum ;  sulphate  of  ammonia,  sal  ammoniac,  spirits  of  salt  ammoniac, 

Sirits  of  hartshorn ;  subsulphate  of  alumina  and  carbonate  of 
nmina ;  admonter  (mixed  iron  and  copper),  sulphate  of  cop- 
per and  sulphate  of  zinc ;  ashes  of  lead ;  litharge  (silver  and 
gold  litharge) ;  borax,  refined;  chloride  of  lime ;  pyroligneous 
me ;  pyroligneons  clay ;  saltpeter  (alkali  and  natron  saltpeter), 
refined;  sulphuret  of  carbon ;  soluble  glass;  aniline  oil;  car- 
bolic acid,  crude;  nitro-beneine;  anthracene,  crude;  naphtaline 

crude 1.50 

White  lead,  white  zinc  (white  oxide  of  zinc^,  ashes  of  zinc  (gray  oxide  of 
zinc),  white  baryta  (artificial  sulphate  of  baryta) ;  pyroligneous 
lead;  acetate  of  lead;  pmssiate  of  potash,  yellow  and  red; 
chloride  of  potash ;  verdigris ;  cement  of  all  kinds ;  protoxide 
of  lead ;  rea  lead ;  bicarbonate  of  soda  and  potash ;  carbonate 
of  ammonia;  tartaric  acid ;  ashes  of  tin ;  proto-chloride  of  tin 
and  other  preparations  of  tin 

1784  CONO — A  P 16 


t 


226  TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Floriiii. 

324.  Caofitio  potash ;  caastic  soda ;  sulphate  and  hyposulphate  of  lime ;  crude 

manganate  and  permangauate  of  potash  and  soda ;  sulphate  and 
hyposnlphatoofsoda;  oxalic  acid  (oxalate) ;  oxalate  of  potassa; 
sulphate  of  magnesia ;  chromate  of  potassa,  yellow  and  red. . .       4. 00 

XLVI. — Chemical  ]traduet$,  colon,  medictfiet,  and  perfumeries. 

325.  Blacking  (pine  soot,  printer's  ink,  and  Frankfort  hlacklng,  ground  char- 

coal and  coal  blackings  of  all  kinds,  except  granulated  bone- 
black);  shoe-btackin^ 1.50 

326.  Glue  of  all  kinds;  |^latine  (animal  and  yegetable  jelly);  albumen  and 

albumenoide,  casein,  caseum 1.50 

327.  Starch-paste  (dextrine,  leiogomme),  and  other  substitutes  for  fflne,  not 

otherwise  provid^  for;  paste^  glue,  flour-paste,  ana  similar 
starch  containing  glues  and  finishing  materials 1.20 

328.  Starch,  also  starch  meal 6. 00 

Note. — Starch  for  finishing  purposes  on  producing  permit  on  condition 

and  under  control  of  respective  reflations 1.50 

329.  Ether,    collodium,  chloroform;  carbolic  acid,    pure,  crystallized,  and 

liquid ;  acid  of  vinegar,  condensed  (ako  p^roligneons  acid, 
purified) ;  phosphor  and  phosphoric  acid ;  quicksilver  prepara- 
tions (also  vermilion;  yeast  of  all  kinds,  except  wine  lees; 
sugar  of  milk 10.00 

330.  Tar  pigments  and  artificially  prepared  organic  pigments 10. 00 

331.  Chemical  products  and  manufactures  not  otherwise  provided  for 10. 00 

332.  Sealing-wax,  wafers,  manufactures  of  Jellv;  inks  and  inkpowders 10.00 

333.  India  ink ;  blue-black  crayon ;  lead  pencils,  red  and  colored  crayons,  set 

or  unset ;  all  colors  in  bladders,  oases,  shells,  casks,  or  boxes  . .      24. 00 

334.  Oil  varnished  (also  boiled  drying  oils),  without  any  admixture  of  resin, 

turpentine,  or  mineral  oils : 

a.  In  casks 3.00 

d.  In  tin  cans,  bottles,  &o 10.00 

335.  Lac- dye  (with  an  admixture  of  resin,  turpentine,  mineral  oil,  or  alcohol)      24. 00 

336.  Drugs  prepared,  as  well  as  all  materials  showing  themselves  by  their 

inscriptions,  labels,  wrappers,  &o.,a8  medicines  (also  as  medi- 
cines for  animals),  unless  coining  under  goods  with  a  higher 
tariff 24.00 

337.  Articles  of  perfumery  (perfumed  vinegars,  grease,  and  oils  in  packages  of 

less  than  5  kilograms ;  alcoholic,  aromatic  essences  and  waters ; 
all  fragrant  substances  and  mixtures  recognized  as  perfnmeries 
by  their  packing,  labels,  directions  for  use,  &c, ;  fumigating 
pastils ;  perfumed  powder) ;  rouges,  cosmetics 50. 00 

XLYII. — Candles  and  soap. 

338.  Pitch  torches 1.50 

339.  Tallow  candles 6.00 

340.  Wax  candles,  wax  torches,  wax  tapers,  night  lights,  wax  matches 10. 00 

341.  Candles  and  manufactures  of  grease  not  otherwise  provided  for,  for  in- 

stance, out  of  stearine,  spermaceti,  palm  oil,  and  paraffine 11. 00 

340.  Soap: 

a.  Ordinary 4.00 

b.  Fine,  i.  e.,  perfumed,  or  in  cakes,  balls,  boxes,  pots 15. 00 

Note. — Oil  soap,  not  perfumed,  manufactured  in  Trieste  and  J^ume, 

will  be  entered  under  the  prescribed  conditions  at  half  the  duty 
paid  by  the  most  favored  nations. 

XLVIII. — Explosive  goods, 

343.  Explosive  goods,  ordinary,  i.  e.,  threads  dipped  in  sulphur,  matches, 

paper,  matches;  tinder,  natural,  soaked;  tinder,  artificial; 
touch- wood  (natural  and  artificial) ;  touch-wood  paper 1. 50 

344.  Fireworks,  fuses  (^uick-matches) 10.00 

345.  Percussion  caps,  with  fulminate 24. 00 

346.  Ammunition,  i.  e.,  all  explosive  materials  intended  for  or  adapted  to  be 

used  with  fire-arms,  also  blasting  material  which  contains  the 
ingredients  of  gunpowder  (saltpet'Cr,  sulphur,  and  charcoal. . .     *52. 50 

347.  All  blasting  and  explosive  materials  not  included  in  No.  346 *24. 00 

*  Only  by  special  permit. 


TARIFFS   OF    THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  227 

XLIX. — Ohjecta  of  art  and  litertUure» 

Florins. 

348.  Books,  printed  matter,  also  almanacs,  newspapers,  and  handbills ;  maps 

(scientific),  musical  publications,  paper  written  on,  docaments, 

and  manuscripts Free. 

Note. — Almanacs,  newspapers,  and  handbills  being  subject  to  stamp 
duty  and  control,  their  numbers,  on  entry,  must  be  given. 

349.  Pictmes  on  paper,  t.  e.,  copper-plate  and  steel  engravings,  lithographs, 

wcK)d-cuts,  photographs,  &o.,  chromotypes  on  paper  or  on 
canvas Free. 

350.  Paintings,  t.  e.,  paintings  on  woods  and  on  base  metals,  not  varnished,  on 

canvas  and  stone,  also  original  pictures  and  drawings  on 

paper Free. 

351.  EDgraved  p£»tes  of  base  metal,  stone  or  wood Free. 

352.  Statues  (also  busts  and  figures  of  animals),  as  well  as  bas-reliefs  and 

hlgh-relie£9  of  stone  weighing  more  than  5  kilograons ;  likewise 
statnes,  busts,  and  figures  of  animals,  of  metal  or  wood,  but  not 

less  than  natural  size Free 

Notes.— (I.)  Bonnd  books,  pictorial  works,  &c,,  or  maps  and  pictures 

Sasted  npon  canvas  or  card-board,  will  be  treated  according  to 
foB.  348  and  349 ;  if,  however,  the  character  of  the  bindings 
brings  them  under  fancy  ^oods,  then  such  books  or  plotoriius 
will  be  classed  in  the  tanfif  as  fancy  goods.  Bindings,  maps, 
cartoons,  and  the  like,  into  which  books  and  pictures  have  been 
loosely  laid  or  put,  will  be  treated  separately  in  accordance 
with  the  character  of  the  material. 

(2.)  Framed  pictures  (No.  349)  will  be  treated  according  to  the 
material  of  which  the  fhtmes  are  composed.  In  regard  to 
paintings  (No.  350)  in  frames,  the  latter  pay  duty  separately, 
according  to  their  character ;  in  case  separation  appears  im- 
practicable, half  of  the  total  weight  will  be  levied  according 
to  character  of  frame. 

(3.)  Objects  upon  which  the  pictures  and  painting  are  placed 
simply  as  ornaments,  or  incidentally,  and  wnich  in  consequence 
cannot  properly  be  regarded  as  pictures,  but  evidently  serve 
ordinary  purposes,  will  not  be  exempted  from  paying  duty. 

L. — Btfuae, 

^  Manoie,  animal  and  other,  also  artificial  manure  (not  of  salt  composi- 
tions) ;  ashes  of  wood  and  coal ;  bones,  bone-ashes,  ground  bone, 
bone  dust,  suitable  only  Tor  manure ;  raspings  of  horns  and 
hoofs ;  blood,  liquid  and  dried ;  animal  sinews ;  residne  from 
the  manufacture  of  prussiate  of  potash;  ammoniacal  water 
(gaswater) Free. 

351  Bran;  malt-germs ;  chaff ;  hard  residue  from  the  manufiEtcture  of  fat  oils, 

also  ground;  draff, swill, husks ;  wine-mother Free. 

355.  Eefose  from  the  mannfactnre-of  glass,  also  glass  which  in  melting  over- 

flows the  hearth ;  pieces  of  broken  glass  and  clay ;  refuse  from 
the  preparation  of  wax;  refuse  bathing  and  horse  sponges; 
glovemakers'  clippings ;  refuse  from  India  rubber  and  gutta- 
percha  manufactories,  as  well  as  old  pieces  of  such  fabrics ....      Free. 

356.  Rags  and  other  refuse  for  the  manufacture  of  paper,  i.  «.,  linen,  cotton, 

silk,  and  woolen  rags,  paper  cuttings  (paper  clippings),  waste 
paper  (written  and  printed),  old  nets,  old  ropes,  and  old  cords; 

lint  (linen  scraped) Free. 

Note.— Refuse  not  otherwise  provided  for,  and  not  adapted  for  other 
use,  will  be  treated  like  the  raw  material  of  which  it  is  com- 
posed. 

Part  II.— Exports. 

357.  Rags  and  other  refuse  for  the  manufacture  of  paper,  i.  e.,  linen, cotton, 
silk, and  woolen  rags;  also  pnlp  (half-material, firm  or  fluid 
paper  pnlp),  paper  cuttings  (paper  clippings),  waste  paper, 

(written  and  printed),  old  nets,  old  ropes,  and  old  cords 4. 00 

All  other  goods  not  enumerated  here  are  free. 

JAMES  RILEY  WEAVER, 

Cansul-OeHerdl, 
YiKKNA,  June  17,  1882. 


0 


228         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


PBOPOSEI)  DUTT  OH  AOBICULTXnBULL  PBODUCTS. 
Gonsul-Oeneral  Weaver,  of  Vienna,  in  a  dispatch  dated  April  4,  says : 

On  the  l8t  ioBtaut,  iu  tbe  lower  honse  of  the  Aastrian  Reichsrath,  Dr.  Kronawetler, 
one  of  the  advanced  liberal  members  fh>m  this  city,  replying  to  a  petition  of  the  farm- 
ers' society  of  Spielfield  in  Styria,  which  among  other  demands  asked  for  an  increase 
of  the  entry  duties  on  field  prodncts,  made  the  following  Remarks,  translated  literally 
from  the  report  thereof  given  in  the  "Neue  freie  Preaae^  of  April  2,  which  may  be  of 
interest,  seeing  that  they  substantiate  the  position  taken  in  my  dispatch,  No.  119,  un- 
der date  of  16ui  ultimo,  as  to  the  probable  causes  that  actuated  the  Qovemment  to 
prohibit  the  importation  of  American  swine  products  into  Austria-Hungary.  Dr.  Kron- 
awetlersaid: 

*'  I  find  under  the  articles  of  the  petition  one  that  absolutely  fails  to  please  me 
[laughter],  that  is  the  second  article^  which  reads  'Increase  of  entry  duties  on  ag- 
ricuuural  products.'  From  the  tariff  debate,  which  took  place  at  the  time,  we 
know  that  precisely  a  large  number  of  field  products  were  then  covered  with  an  in- 
crease of  entry  duties.  The  agriculturalist's  have  succeeded  further,  in  that  to  the 
detriment  of  the  large  cities,  under  the  pretext  of  the  introduction  of  the  cattle  plague, 
the  importation  of  cattle,  and,  under  the  pretext  of  the  trichinsB  contained  therein, 
the  importation  of  American  pork,  have  been  prohibited.  Tes,  gentlemen,  where  shall 
this  lead  to  T  In  Austria  there  are  not  only  farmers  in  existence  [laughter],  but  there 
are  also  inhabitants  of  cities,  who  are  not  there  to  become  impoverished  by  the  coun- 
try people.  [Bravo,  bravo,  from  the  extreme  left.]  Among  the  peasants  are  found 
large  landowners,  who  own  large  flocks  of  sheep  which  they  willingly  sell  to  the  in- 
habitants of  the  city  at  a  high  price.  During  the  past  centuwr  it  has  been  esteemed 
the  task  and  advantage  of  an  administration  if  it  should  provme  that  the  necessaries 
of  life  should  become  cheap.  Now,  suddenly,  however,  attention  must  be  directed  to 
the  peasant  population,  among  whom  millionaires  are  found.  [Cries  of  opposition  and 
approbation.] 

''The  large  landowners  of  Bohemia  belong  cert*ainly  to  the  i>ea8ant  population.  In 
the  large  cities  you  find  more  want  and  distress  than  in  the  rural  districts,  and  the 
state  representatives  must  likewise  providefor  cities.  The  abolition  of  the  com  tax 
in  England  has  always  been  pointed  out  as  an  acquisition,  and  shall  the  House  of 
Representatives  (o&t^eordnetentaiM)  now  recommend  the  restoration  of  measures  long 
ago  vanquished  from  a  natural  economical  standpoint  T  I  am  not  here  in  a  position 
to  offer  a  motion,  but  perhaps  my  remarks  are  sufficient  to  bring  it  about  that  such 
matters  may  be  Judged  not  alone  with  regard^  to  the  farming  classes,  but  with  regard 
to  the  entire  population,  and  to  the  residents  of  cities.     [Bravo,  bravo.]'' 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  229 


8ERVIA. 
THE  SEBVIAH  TARIFF  OF  IHPOBTS. 

REPORT  BT  CONSUL  SOHJJYLER,  OF  ATHENS. 

The  old  costoms  tariff  of  Servia  is  not  in  force  for  those  countries 
which  have  concluded  treaties  giving  them  the  rights  of  the  most  fa- 
vored nation.  The  commercial  treaty  with  Austria-Hungary  and  that 
with  Great  Britian  impose  a  new  tariff  on  various  objects.  Commercial 
treaties  have  also  been  concluded  with  Germany  and  France,  which  are 
said  to  contain  new  reductions  of  duties,  but  the  ratifications  of  these 
treaties  have  not  yet  been  exchanged,  and  they  are  therefore  not  yet  in 
force.  Ko  new  general  tariff  will  be  published  until  the  completion  of 
these  treaties.  Goods  coming  from  the  United  States  would,  tt^erefore, 
follow  the  tariff  contained  in  Annex  A  to  the  commercial  treaty  between 
Servia  and  Austria-Hungary,  modified  in  certain  articles  by  the  reduc- 
tions made  in  the  treaty  with  Great  Britain. 

Annex  A  to  the  commercial  treaty  with  Austria-Hungary  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

I. — Spbcific  Duties. 

Francs  per 
100  kilograms. 

1.  Paper: 

a.  Packing  paper  (inoluding  gray,  straw,  and  blotting  paper,  as  well  as 
the  bags  manufactured  from  these  kinds  of  paper),  card-board  of 
all  kinds,  even  impregnated  or  covered  with  any  substance  what- 
ever      4.00 

&.  Printing  and  writing  paper,  even  colored 7.00 

c.  Letter  paper  of  every  kind,  and  envelopes  (even  in  card-board),  printed, 

streaked,  or  ruled  paper,  also  bound  or  sewed  in  paper  or  in  card- 
board, tissue  and  cigarette  paper,  in  sheets 10. 00 

d.  Cigarette  paper  cut  up  and  in  books 15.00 

r.  Registers  and  memorandum  books,  bound  in  cloth  or  leather,  with 

comers  and  clasps  of  ordinary  metal 1 20.00 

/.  Playing  cards 35.00 

Tare  in  percentage  of  the  gross  weight :  15  in  cases  or  barrels,  10  in  baskets, 
5  in  bales  or  sacks. 

2.  Floor  and  mill  products,  grain,  pearled,  crushed,  and  hulled,  semolina  and 

groats 1.00 

3.  Wool  tissues : 

a.  (1)  Rough  blankets  (for  horses  and  for  beds),  ordinary  carpets  of  goats' 
and  other  animals'  hair,  ordinary  felts  of  animals'  hair,  and 
rough  wool  (even  cut  up  into  soles,  &c.,  as  well  as  tarred  and 

varnished),  cloth  list 16.00 

(2.)  Rough  cloths,  such  as  cloth  called  halina  coarse  cloth  {Loden)^  aba, 

chaiakj  azur 20. 00 

Tare  in  percentage  of  the  gross  weights:  16  in  cases  or  barrels,  8  in  baskets, 

5  in  bales  or  sack. 

h.  Tissues,  even  mixed  with  a  small  quantity  of  silk,  or  with  metallic 

threads,  viz: 

(1.)  Cloths  and  tissues  analogous  to  cloths  for  men's  clothes  and  other 

strong  garments,  flannels,  wadmoll,  long-piled  cloths,  teaselled, 

for  linings,  fine  felt,  and  fine  ielt  articles 58. 00 

Toro  percentage  of  the  gross  weight :  18  in  cases  or  barrols,  10  in  baskets, 

5  in  bales  or  sacks. 
Brmabk.— Under  ''tissues  analogous  to  cloths"  aro  included  also  all  the 
fashion  stuffs  for  men's  clothing,  such  as  aro  manufactured  at 
Briinn  and  >Reichenberg  (Herrensocky  Hosenatoffe,  Modeatoffe  ''nou- 
veant^a"). 
(2.)  Thin,  light  stuffs,  serving  generally  for  women's  garments  (Or- 
leans, cnshmero,  mohair,  and  the  like),  stuffs  for  furnituro,  table- 
cloths, handkerchiefe,  scarfs,  sbawls,  and  analogous  tissues,  with 
or  without  fringes  or  tassels,  shag  and  woolen  velvet 90. 00 


230  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEBAL   COUNTRIES. 

Franca  per 
100  kilognuuL 

Tare  in  precentage  of  the  gross  weights :  18  in  cases  or  barrels,  10  in  baskets, 
5  in  bales  or  sacks. 

Remark. — ^Tbe  following  stnffs  are  inclnded  under  the  above :  Alpaca, 
mobair,  Orleans,  Thibet,  lustring,  cashmere,  serge,  llama,  goats' 
hair,  satin,  Italia  cloth,  merino,  damask,  rep,  and  stufifs  for  fur- 
niture, and  fashionable  stuffs  for  women .  Handkerohiefis,  shawls, 
and  scarfs  may  be  trimmed  with  simple  embroidery. 

4.  Articles  in  wood : 

a.  Ordinary,  i.  e.,  wheelwrights',  coopers',  turners',  and  carpenters'  work ; 
all  these  in  the  rough,  neither  painted,  nor  colored,  nor  varnished, 
nor  polished,  nor  combined  with  other  materials,  except  iron 2. 00 

Remark. — Under  the  above  are  included:  Casks,  vats,  tubs,  troughs, 
spouts,  baskets,  buckets,  wheels  and  other  parts  of  carts  (except- 
ing ready-made  carts),  wheelbarrows,  hand-carts,  and  sledges, 
floors  and  their  belongings,  oars,  benches,  tables,  chairs,  beds, 
wardrobes,  yokes,  saddle-bows,  calendars,  turners'  benches, 
sheaves,  ladders,  lasts,  clogs,  fowl-cages,  spoons,  plates,  ordinary 
toys,  boxes,  rakes,  forks,  spades,  boot  pees,  toothpicks,  strips  for 
matches,  and  all  other  similar  articles  In  wood,  in  the  rouffh, 
neither  painted,  varnished,  nor  polished.  Corks  and  cork  soles 
are  also  included  in  this  category. 
h.  Furniture  (and  trunks)  in  soft  wood,  simply  painted  (or  with  flowers 
and  other  ordinary  painted  ornaments),  and  combined  only  with 

straw  plats  andiron  work 3.00 

0.  Joiners'  and  turners'  work  and  other  articles  of  painted  wood  (except 
those  mentioned  tinder  5),  vamiehed,  polished,  even  in  combina- 
nation  with  other  ordinary  materials b.  00 

Tare  in  percentage  of  the  gross  weights :  18  in  oases  or  barrels,  12  in  baskets, 
4  in  bales  or  crates. 

Remark. — The  following  are  included  in  this  category :  Toys  in  wood  only, 
pipe-stems,  pipes,  and  ci£[ar- holders,  in  wood  only,  sticks  not  com- 
bined with  otner  materials,  umbrella  and  parasol  frames  com- 
bined with  whalebone,  steel,  and  other  similar  materials,  but 
without  stuff;  wood  strips,  bronzed  and  gilded,  and  frames  made 
of  these  strips. 

5.  Railway  transport  material.    Exempt. 

6.  Drinks  and  liquids. 

a.  Wine  in  casks : 

1.  From  the  growth  of  the  districts  of  Versecz,  Feher-Templon 

(Weisskironen),  and  Pancsova 2. 50 

2.  Othergrowths 6.00 

Tare  in  percentage  of  the  gross  weights :  11  in  double  casks. 

h.  Distilled  spirite  (alcohol,  spirits  of  wine,   brandy,  rum,  liquors).: 

1.  In  casks 6.00 

2.  In  bottles 20.00 

Tare  in  precentage  of  the jg^oss  weights:  11  in  cases  or  double  casks,  5  in 

baskets,  and  24  for  the  bottles. 
0.  Beer  in  casks  and  bottles 3.00 

Remark. — If,  on  the  entry  of  beer  imported  in  bottles,  the  importer  de- 
clare that  he  will  export  the  bottles  within  three  months,  the 
tare  of  35  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  these  bottles  will  not  be  de- 
ducted: on  the  other  hand,  custom-houses  by  which  the  beer  en- 
ters will  make  a  note  of  the  number  of  bottles  imported,  and  will 
restore,  on  the  exportation  of  an  equ&l  or  smaller  number  of 
beer  bottles  within  the  above-mentioned  period,  the  customs  and 
troearina  duties  which  correspond  to  their  effective  weight  with- 
out levying  any  exportation  duty. 

Tare  on  percentage  of  the  gi'oss  weights :  25  in  double  casks,  20  in  cases, 
15  in  simple  casks,  5  in  baskets,  and  35  for  the  bottles. 
d.  Vinegar... 2.00 

7.  Mineral  waters,  including  the  bottles  and  pitchers 0. 50 

8.  Coal  and  lignite Free. 

9.  Large  plaster  and  stone  work,  such  as  gravestones,  monuments,  columns 

(even  with  inscriptions),  abutments  and  sashes,  gutters,  pipes, 
troughs,  steps,  &c.,  and  other  work  (even  in  plaster)  weighing  at 
least  5  kilograms,  and  combined  only  with  wood  or  common  metal : 

a.  Grindstones,  whetstones,  and  lithographic  stones,  not  polished 1.50 

b.  Polished;  flagstoues  polished 2,00 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         231 

FraBC8i>eT 

10.  Pottery :  lOO  kilogmms. 

A.  Common  pottery,  glazed  or  nnglazed,  BtoDeware,  pipes,  stove  aud  floor 
tiles ;  these  articles,  even  combined  with  unpolished  or  unvar- 
nished wood  or  iron 2. 00 

h.  Fine  pottery  and  porcelain  of  one  color  or  white^  also  white  decorated 
with  colored  borders  or  ornaments:  clay  pipes;  the  above  men- 
tioned articles  also  with  covers  ana  omaments.in  common  metal. 
Under  this  are  included  also  the  articles  contained  in  heading  a, 
if  they  have  similar  covers  or  ornaments 6. 00 

e.  Fine  pottery  and  porcelain,  colored,  painted,  gilded,  or  silvered ;  pot- 
tery combined  with  other  common  materials,  in  so  far  as  they  are 

not  included  in  categories  a  and  h 14.00 

Tare  in  percentage  of  gross  weights :  25  in  cases  or  barrels,  20  in  baskets 
or  orates. 

11.  Glassware: 

A.  Common  glass.  <.«.,  neither  ground,  polished,  engraved,  painted,  nor 
combined  with  other  materials : 
1.  Window-glass  in  sheets,  hollow  glassware  in  its  natural  color, 
glass  ana  enamel  in  coarse  bulk,  glass  slabs  for  roofs  and  pave- 
ments, grooved  or  not 3.00 

^  Hollow  glassware,  white 5. 00 

b.  Hollow  glass  (indicated  under  a)  with  stoppers,  bottoms,  or  rims  pol- 
ished or  ground 5.00 

e.  Polished  glass,  etched,  or  engraved,  molded  with  designs,  colored, 
gilded,  silvered,  foliated,  chandelier  pendants,  buttons,  pearls, 

coral,  glass  enamel^  and  paste 12.00 

Bemark.— Shanks  for  attaching  the  buttons  and  the  thread  on  which  the 
pearls,  coral,  and  glass  enamel  are  strung,  merely  in  order  to  fa 
cilitnte  packing  and  carriage,  will  not  influence  the  taring  of 
these  objects.  If  the  glass  objects  strung  on  thread  or  string 
can  serve  without  other  preparation,  asjowels  (for  example,  brace- 
lets, necklaces,  &c.),they  will  not  come  under  division  No.  11  c. 

d.  Glassware  combined  with  other  common  materials 20.  CO 

Remark. — Objects  of  hollow  glass  covered  with  reed,  rush,  straw,  or  cane 
wicker-work  will  be  treated  according  to  the  quality  of  the 
glass  in  division  11  a,  (,  or  o. 
Tare  in  percentage  of  the  gross  weights :  30  in  cases  or  barrels,  20  in  bas- 
kets or  crates. 
15^  Iron  and  steel : 

a.  Iron  in  the  rough,  t.  e.,  cast  iron  in  bars,  in  bulk,  pig  iron,  &o.,  malle- 
able iron  and  steel  in  bars,  in  prisms,  bulk,  or  other  rough 
pieces,  iion  in  blooms  (Luppeneisen^  Rohzaggel)^  millbars  {Rohr 

9ckeinen\  and  ingots ;  old  iron  remains  of  iron  and  steel 0. 80 

h.  Irou  and  steel,  half- worked: 

1.  Iron  and  steel  in  rods,  square,  hoop  iron,  flat  or  round,  angle  and 

comer  iron,  and  steel  of  every  kind ;  iron  and  steel  plates 2. 00 

Rkmabk. — Under  this  heading  are  included  all  iron  in  bars  or  rocls,  drawn, 
molded,  or  wrought,  drawn  and  cast  steel  in  bars  or  rods  of  all 
kinds,  iron  called  "  Bosnian  iron,"  hoop  iron,  L  iron,  V  iron, 
T  and  iron  (girders),  U,  -(-  iron,  &c.,  as  in  general  iron  and 
steel  of  all  shapes  used  in  trade. 

2.  Steel  and  iron  plates  and  wire • 3.00 

0.  Iron  or  steel  ag^cultural  tools  and  instruments,  even  with  wooden  arms 

and  handles,  such  as  fish-spears,  forks,  cramps,  picks,  spades, 
hatchets,  rakes,  scythes,  sickles,  chafi'-cutting  Knives,  barrows, 
plows,  plowshares,  harrow-shares,  hedge  and  sheep  shears.  &c. .  C.  CO 
Tare  in  percentage  of  gross  weights :  10  in  cases  or  barrels,  6  in  baskets,  3 
in  bales  or  crates. 
d.  Steel  or  iron  railway  materials  (except  such  as  do  not  come  under 
machines  or  means  of  transport),  for  instance,  rails,  chairs,  pieces 
for  the  construction  or  the  repair  of  rolling-stock,  cbangiug  and 
crossing  of  lines,  ]M>int8,  &c.,  parts  of  iron  constrnctions  for  rail- 
way works Free. 

13.  Sole  and  other  common  leather,  i,  e.,  of  a  natural  color,  brown  or  black,  also 

blacked,  grained,  drawn,  but  not  bronzed  or  patent  leather....  30.00 
Tare :  14  in  cases  or  barrels,  10  in  baskets,  6  in  bales  or  sacks. 

14.  a.  Coffee  surrogates '. 4. 00 

h.  Sugar: 

1.  Raw 5.00 

2.  Refined 7.00 

Tare:  13  in  cases  or  barrols,  9  in  baskets,  2  in  bales  or  sacks. 


232         TARIFFS  OF  TUE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Fnnc8p«r 
100  kflogiaina. 

15.  a.  Salphnric  and  nitric  acid 1.50 

Gre«?n  vitriol 0.60 

Litbarge 3.00 

Half-paste,  liquid  or  solid  mass  for  the  mannfacture  of  paper Free. 

d.  Materials  for  lighting,  especially  matches  of  all  kinds  (even  in  boxes), 

starcb,  and  glue 5.00 

Tare :  12  in  cases  or  barrels,  8  in  baskets,  4  in  sacks  or  bales. 

16.  a.  (1.)  Non-scented  soap 6.00 

(2.)  Scented  soap 12.00 

h.  Wax,  Htearine,  paraffine,  cerine,  and  palmitic  candles 12. 00 

Tare :  15  iu  cases  of  barrels,  8  in  baskets,  3  in  bales  or  sacks. 

17.  Machines  and  parts  of  machines  in  metal,  wood,  or  other  material,  for  the 

use  of  manufiactures,  trades,  agri culture,  breweries  and  distill- 
eries, transports  by  water  and  by  land,  baths  and  other  analogous 
uses e Free- 

18.  Cotton  tissues: 

a.  Fustian  (soft  thick  flannel)  and  other  similar  stuffs,  unbleached  inuslin 

for  linings 20.00 

h.  Fustian  and  other  similar  stufis  (Kalmuky  &c.),  ticking,  sacking, 
^^Schokl,"  t.  f,f  bedding  stuffs,  woven  in  colors  or  squares,  blank- 
ets, stuffs  for  trowsers  and  jackets,  quilting,  and  other  simile 
S added  stuffs,  all  these  abides  without  exception,  bleached 
yed,  or  woven  in  colors  or  printed 25.00 

0.  Table  linen  and  handkerchiefs  woven  in  colors  or  printed 45. 00 

Tare :  18  in  cases  or  barrels,  12  in  baskets,  5  in  bales  or  sacks. 

19.  Hemp,  flax,  and  jute: 

a.  1.  Coarse  cloth  for  sacks  and  packing,  as  also  ready-made  sacks  and 
ticking  for  sacks.  These  articles  may  even  bear  colored  stripes 
as  marks 6.00 

2.  Common  cloth  (common  homespun  linen)  and  other  similar  strong 

flax  or  hemp  cloth  (as  ^^ Flank,"  **Xumer<i8chf"  **Kalamaika,"  &>c.); 
ticking  for  military  clothes,  sail-cloth, and  other  strong  tissues; 
all  these  kinds  of  cloth,  even  bleached  but  not  dyed 11. 00 

3.  All  the  tissues  enumerated  under  a  2  dyed ;  next  the  cloth  called 

**Qradlf"  i.  e.,  twilled  cloth  for  bedding,  mattresses,  palliasses, 
furniture  covers,  canvas,  and  **  Schokl,''  i,  e.,  dyed  stuff  for  lining^ 
and  sheetings  in  colored  squares,  glazed  calico  for  clothes,  bleached 
or  woven  in  colors,  carpets  of  all  kinds 25.00 

4.  All  flax  tissues  not  included  under  a  1, 2,  and  3,  unbleached,  bleached, 

woven  in  colors  or  printed,  with  the  exception  of  gauze,  cambric, 

and  lawn 50.00 

Tare :  18  in  cases  or  barrels,  12  in  baskets,  5  in  bales  or  sacks. 
h.  Rope-makers'  work : 

1.  Ropes,  cables,  and  strings  (also  halters,  traces,  &o. ) 8. 00 

2.  Other  rope-makers'  work  (twine,  girths,  canvas  buckets  and  bottles, 

nets,  fire-engine,  and  gymnastic  utensils),  even  combined  with 

other  common  materiak 16.00 

Tare :  15  in  cases  or  barrels,  10  in  baskets,  3  in  bales  or  sacks. 

Remark. — In  the  present  tariff,  under  the  designation  of  "  ordinary  or  common  mate- 
rials," are  included  all  materials  other  than  sliell,  ivory,  mother  of  pearl,  Chinese 
lacques,  meerschaum,  real  agate,  amber,  the  precious  metals  (including  plated  silver 
lchina8ilber])f  precious  and  tine  stones,  lino  pearls  and  corals,  silk  stufi»  (including 
velvet). 

II. — Ad  Valorem  Duties. 

Goods  iarifed  at  6  per  cent, 

1  (v.  I,  divisions  4,  10,  and  11).  Toys  of  combined  materials,  pipe-stems,  pipes  and 
cigar  holders  of  combined  materials ;  canes  combined  with  other  materials ;  umbrella 
and  parasol  frames  combined  with  materials  other  than  those  enumerated  under  4  o; 
fine  sculptured  objects  of  wood,  which  do  not  form  accessories  to  articles  of  fnmitore; 
ehess  boards  and  men;  little  detached  figures  (statuettes,  &c.)  iu  wood,  china,  or 
clahs;  jewelry  in  wood, china, or  glass;  needle  cases  and  jewel  boxes  in  wood, porce- 
lain, or  glass;  cups  and  fans  in  wood,  the  latter  covered  with  paper  or  tissues;  and 
o1  hvT  small  fancy  objects  in  in  wood,  porcelain,  or  glass,  with  or  without  combinations. 

2.  All  iron  or  steel  objects  not  contained  in  Table  I  under  division  12  (except  fine 
objects  of  cultery  and  spurs,  needles,  hooks,  pens,  and  pen-holders,  beads,  clockworks, 
arms,  and  ironmongery),  even  in  combination  with  other  common  materials. 

3.  Tbread  of  flax,  hemp,  and  other  vegetable  textiles  •  xcepting  cotton. 

4.  Leather,  gutta-percha,  or  tissue  shoes. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  &EVERAL  COUNTRIES.         233 

Goods  tariffed  at  15  ptr  cent, 

5.  Tobacco  and  mannfactnred  tobacco. 

6.  Soiith6ni  froita. 

7.  Spices. 

8.  UngToand  coffee,  rice,  sponges,  whalebone. 

U.  Incense,  gnm.  and  rosin,  not  elsewhere  taxed,  rongh  or  ground  to  powder. 

10.  Prepared  meaicine  and  perf ornery. 

11.  Mineral  oils. 

V2.  Pig  and  turkey  fat  and  other  eatable  animal  fats,  salted  or  molded  butter. 
All  other  goods  are  tariffed  at  8 per  cent. 

In  six  months,  at  the  latest,  from  the  date  of  the  exchange  of  the 
ratificsition  of  the  present  treaty,  the  said  ad  valorem  dnties  will  be 
cbangcil  by  mutual  agreement  to  specific  duties. 

By  Article  YII  of  the  treaty  between  Servia  and  Austria-Hungary, 
certain  i'avors  have  been  granted  to  the  frontier  traffic  between  Austria- 
Hungary  and  Servia ;  and  among  those  all  goods  imported  directly  into 
Servia  from  the  free  traffic  of  the  customs  territory  (♦.  a.,  which  have 
been  manufactured  in  Austria-Hungary  or  have  paid  duties  on  importa- 
tion) of  the  AustrO'Hungarian  frontier  shall  be  submitted,  at  the  choice 
of  the  importer,  to  half  the  duties,  whether  specific  or  ad  valorem,  ap- 
plicable to  the  importations  of  the  most  favored  nation.  These  goods 
are  those  comprised  in  Schedule  A  la,  9a,  10a,  11a,  1  and  2, 12a  ft,  1  (in- 
cluding remark  o). 

The  following  are  exempt  from  all  import  or  export  duties  in  the  direct 
commerce  by  the  common  frontiers  of  the  two  countries : 

(1.)  Travelers',  boatmen's,  carters',  and  workmen's  effects,  such  as 
linen,  clothes,  traveling  utensils,  tools,  and  instruments  destined  for 
their  own  use  and  in  a  quantity  proportionate  to  the  circumstances. 

(2.)  Carriages  serving  really  for  the  transport  of  persons  and  of  goods ; 
carts,  baskets,  and  similar  apparatus  for  transports;  beasts  of  burden 
and  draught  animals;  ships  with  regular  inventories. 

(."5.)  Ships' provisions. 

(4.)  Patterns  and  pattern-cards  which  cannot  serve  for  other  pur- 
poses. 

(5.)  Ordinary  packings  and  the  cases,  &c.,  in  which  goods  are  packed 
will  not  be  tariffed  separately,  but  will  be  treated  according  to  the  dis- 
pasitions  on  the  tares. 

By  Article  III  of  the  commercial  treaty  between  Great  Britain  and 
Ser\  ia,  of  February,  7,  1880,  the  following  articles,  when  imported  into 
Servia,  are  not  to  pay  a  duty  exceeding  8  per  cent,  ad  valorem : 

^letal  and  metal  manufactures,  whether  of  one  metal  or  different 
met.'ils  in  combination. 

Tools  and  cutlery  of  all  kinds. 

iVIachines  and  machinery,  and  detached  parts  thereof. 

Agricultural  implements  and  machinery. 

Y'arns,  threads,  and  textile  manufactures  of  all  descriptions. 

Pottery  and  porcelain  wares  and  refined  mineral  oils. 

Other  goods  shall  pay,  as  the  case  may  be,  the  specific  duties  in  the 
Servian  general  conventional  tariff,  or  an  ad  valorem  duty  of  10  per 
cent,  at  the  option  of  the  importer. 

By  a  flurther  declaration  made  between  Servia  and  Great  Britain  on 
July  4, 1881,  the  duty  of  8  per  cent,  ad  valorem  on  woolen  and  cotton 
yams  and  threads  is  reduced  to  5  i)er  cent,  ad  valorem. 

When  the  ratifications  of  the  commercial  treaty  signed  between  Servia 
and  Germany  on  the  6th  of  January,  1883,  shall  be  exchanged  the  im- 
I>orter  into  Servia  will  have  the  option  of  paying  ad  valorem  instead  of 
8X>ecific  duties,  as  follows:  (The  numbers  are  given  according  to  the  par- 
agraphs of  the  tariff  in  the  treaty  with  Austria-Hungary.) 


234         TABIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

10  fer  cent  ad  valorem. 

1.  Paper. 

2.  Meal. 

4.  Articles  in  wood. 

6.  ft  1,  2;  Cy  d.  Spirits,  beer  and  vinegar. 

7.  Mineral  waters. 

9.  Large  plaster  and  stone  work. 

11.  Olaasware. 

13.  Sole  and  other  common  leather. 

14.  Coffee-surrogates. 

15.  a,  ft.  Sulphuric  and  nitric  acids,  &c 

16.  Soap,  candles,  &c. 

19.  b  1,  2.  Kopes,  cordage,  &c 

8  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

3.  Wool  tissues. 
6.  a  1,  2.  Wine. 

10.  Pottery. 

12.  a,  ft,  c.  Iron  and  steel. 

19.  a  1,  2,  3,  4.  Hemp,  flax,  and  jute. 

The  following  changes  were  also  made  in  the  German  treaty,  chiefly 
on  articles  not  mentioned  in  the  Austro-Hungarian  treaty: 

Half-ground  rags  and  paper  pulpj  free. 

Woolen  hosiery  (knitted  and  netted  goods)  and  fringe,  per  100  kilo- 
grams, 100  francs,  or  8  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

Small  trarcj  also  combined  with  metal  thread,  100  kilograms,  70  francs, 
or  8  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Woolen  yarns  (weaving,  embroidering,  and  knitting  yam),  5  per  cent, 
ad  valorem. 

Iron  and  steel.  All  iron  and  steel  objects  not  mentioned  under  12  a, 
&,  c,  d,  and  17  (see  Austro-Hungarian  treaty  above),  (excepting  fine 
cutlery  and  spurs,  needles,  hooks,  pens,  penholders  and  pencil-cases, 
steel  pearls,  clock  and  watch  works,  arms,  ironmongery),  even  combined 
with  other  common  materials,  G  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Leather^  all  not  mentioned  under  13  {vide  Austro-Hungarian  treaty), 
7  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Aniline  dyesj  per  100  kilograms,  50  francs,  or  8  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Lead  pencils  and  colored  crayons^  per  100  kilograms,  25  francs,  or  8  per 
cent,  ad  valorem. 

Cotton  goodsy  hosiery  (knitted  and  netted  goods),  velvet,  per  100  kilo- 
grams, 85  francs,  or  8  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Tape  goods  and  small  ware,  also  in  combination  with  metal  thread, 
per  100  kilograms,  40  francs,  or  8  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Cotton  yarns  and  threads  (weaving,  sewing,  embroidering,  and  knit- 
ting yarns  and  threads),  5  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

HempjJlaXj  and  jute  yarns  (weaving  and  sewing  yams  and  threads),  6 
per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Half  silk  wov^en  and  small  ware,  i,  c,  silk  or  floret  silk,  mixed  with 
cotton,  linen,  wool  or  other  animal  hair,  also  combined  with  metal  thread, 
per  100  kilograms,  350  francs,  or  8  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Ready  ma^e  shirts  and  underwear j  of  cotton  or  liuen,  per  100  kilograms, 
100  francs,  or  8  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Prepared  medicines  and  perfumeries,  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem  (instead 
of  15  per  cent.,  as  in  Austro-Hungarian  treaty). 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         235 

All  other  goods,  with  the  exception  of  tobacco  and  tobacco  manufact- 
ureSy  southern  fruits,  spices,  raw  cofiee,  rice,  combs,  whalebones,  incense^ 
and  not  specially  mention^  gums  and  rosins,  in  the  lump  or  powdered, 
pig's  fat,  goose  fat,  and  other  eatable  animal  fats,  salted  or  melted  butter, 
8  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

EUGENE  SCHUYLER, 

Cansul'OeneraL 
United  States  Consulate-General, 

Athensj  April  14, 1883.  . 


RUSSIA. 
THE  HEW  BVSSIAH  TARIFF. 

TBAJrSMITTSD   TO   TEB   DBPABTMBNT  BY   OONSUL-GBNBJIUL   BTAJfTON,    OF  ST. 

PSTERSBUBO. 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  a  copy  of  the  new  Eussian 
tariff  which  came  into  force  on  the  15th  of  July,  1882.  The  translation 
is  by  Edward  C.  Froom,  esq.,  and  is  said  to  be  very  correct. 

In  connection  herewith  it  may  be  said  that  this  new  tariff  has  greatly 
reduced  the  <^free  list,"  and  largely  increased  the  duties  generaUy. 

EDGAR  STANTON, 

Consul' Oeneral, 
United  States  Consxjlate-Genebal, 

8t  Petersburg^  August  30, 1882. 


TARIFF  OF  CUSTOMS  DUTIES  LEVIED  IN  THE  EMPIRE  OF  RUSSIA  FROM 

THE  1ST  (ISrff)  JULY,  1882. 

[TraiDslAtedby  Edward  C.  Fboou  from  the  offloial  Russian.]* 

NOTE  BT  THE  TRANSLATOR. 

The  foUowing  tariff  is,  as  nearly  as  possible,  a  translation  of  the  Russian  original,, 
with  all  the  changes  and  corrections  which  have  been  made,  np  to  the  Ist  (13th)  July. 

In  the  oonyersion  of  the  Russian  valnes  and  measures  into  English,  every  care  has 
been  taken  to  insure  correctness. 

The  duty  in  Russia  has  to  be  paid  in  gold ;  thus,  in  converting  the  Russian  values 
in  these  tables  into  English  equivalents,  the  rouble  has  been  taken  at  3dd.  metallic,  to 
give  a  sterling  value. 

This  tariff  came  into  force  on  the  Ist  (13th)  July,  1882. 

1  rouble  (100  cop.)==38J.;  1  pood=  30.08 pounds  j  1  pound  (Russ.)= 
14.43  oz.  avoir.;  1  ar8hin=28  inches. 

N.  B. — ^Poisons  and  strong  reagents  can  be  imported  only  by  persons 
who  have  a  license  to  trade  in  4)hem. 

*  Watkins  &  Co.,  publishers,  No.  10  Admiralty  Plain,  St.  Petersburg. 


236 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


PART  L-IMPOET  DUTIES. 


1 
2 

8 

4 

5 

6 


8 


9 

10 
11 

12 
13 

14 
15 
16 

17 

18 


Articles. 


I.— Abticlbs  of  Food. 

Com,  in  grain,  of  all  kincls,  except  rice  (§  4A) ;  also 
potatoes,  free. 


Vegetables,  of  every  kind  (except  potatoes),  fresh 
and  dried,  not  pressed  (§  50) ;  chic- 
ory in  plants  and  roots,  not  prepared. 


Aniseed,  caraway  seed,  coriander  seed,  and  mustard, 
dry,  not  prepared. 

Canceled. 

Lemon,  orange,  and  bitter  orange  peel,  dried,  not 
candied :  peel  of  bitter  oranges,  salt- 
ed, and  dned,  bitter,  unripe  oranges. 

Articles  of  food  not  specially  mentioned 


N.  B.— Fresh  fish   imported  in  Russian  vessels 
pays  no  duty. 

II.— Raw  axd  Half-maxufactuked  Matbriai£. 

For  building  and  manufacturing  purposes: 

1.  Clays  used  in  buildings,  or  for  works  or  manu- 

facturos,  except  those  mentioned  in 
§  108,  Article  2;  trash,  talc,  in  raw 
state,  chalk,  not  reflnea,  tree. 

2.  Gypsum  (raw),  gypsum  stone,  mne,  talc,  and 

chalk,  rcmied  and  prepared: 
a.  Imported  to  Baltic  ports 


b.  Imported  by  other  ports,  tree. 
3.  Cement,  patent  fire-bricks  and  stone  slabs  for 
stoves,  Puzsolana,  prepared  gypsum 
or  alabaster. 
Stone,  common,  not  worked: 

1.  Paving  stones,  silex  (flint.  See.)  in  pieces,  or 
tundand  prepared;  broken  glass. 


2.  Filtering    stones,  mill-stones,    Swedish  and 
other  whetstones  (except  those  spe- 
cially mentioned),  grindstones   (ex- 
cept those  in  6 145),  tdl  stone  in  slabs, 
stones    for  llthotfraphio    purposes, 
slate  in  rough  state,  mica,  carbon  fil- 
ters. 
Note. — Lithographic  stones,  with  words  or  draw- 
ings, must  pass  the  censor's  office. 
Stones,   precious,   not  set^  also  imitations;    real 
I>earls  in  beads  and  on  strini^,  gar- 
nets, coral    (real),  not  worked  (in 
pieces,  not  cut  or  pierced). 
Artificial  stone  for  mosaic  work  (tesserae)  and  mo- 
saic work  not  set;  coral,  artificial, 
not  worked. 
Jet,  mother  of  pearl,  tortoise  shell,  amber  (yellow) 
meerschaum,  not  worked ;  enamel  in 
lumps    and    i>owder    (except    blue 
enamel,  §118);  ivory. 
Stassf^rth  salts  (Abraum  Sals),  chloride  of  calcium 

refined  or  not  refined,  free. 
Sulphur: 

1.  Raw  and  unrefined,  free. 

2.  Refined  and  flowers  of  sulphur. 


Metallic  and  mineral  ores  of  every  kind,  graphite  or 
plumbago  in  pieces.  Copper  sooriao, 
iron  in  powder,  cast-iron  turnings. 

Coal,  charcoal  of  wood  or  turf;  coke  and  turf.  free. 
Ob8.— Coal  and  coke  imported  into  Poland  pay 

duty  of  1  cop.  per  pood. 

Tar  of  all  kinds,  of  wood,  of  coal,  of  naphtha, 
bitumen,  anci  pitoh.  fluid  or  thick 
(except  fossil  tar,  i.e.,  asphaltum, 
mineral  wax,  bees-wax,  napht»gil, 
&o.,  }  26,  Article  6) ;  also  bird-lime. 

Substances  for  tanning,  viz,  bark,  acorns    


Gnano  and  other  manures,  prepared  or  not.    Bones 
(except  elephant  and  mammoth,  §  11). 
ground  or  not— or  otherwise  prepared, 
free. 


Russian. 


Kngliah  equivalents. 


10    kopecks    per 
poott,gr. 

40    kopecks    per 
pood. 


10    kopecks    per 
poodjgr. 


3     kopecks    per 
pood. 

7    kopecks     i>er 
pooo. 


3     kopecks     per 


If.  per  cwt.,  g. 
3«.  Ud.  per  cwt 

Do. 
iM.  i>er  cwt. 


Z^d.  per  cwt. 
8d.  per  cwt. 


3|d.  per  cwt. 


2  roubles  per  pound  7«.  |<i.  per  pound. 


lOf .  8d.  per  cwt. 


Bo. 


2  roubles  per  pood. 

...do 

10  kopecks 

per 

pood. 

2  kopecks 
pood. 

per 

5  kopecks 
pood,gr. 

per 

6  kopecks 
pood. 

per 

It.  per  cwt. 
2idpercwt. 


6<i.perowt.,g. 


id.  per  cwt. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


237 


Part  I. — Import  duties — ContiDiird. 


£5 


19 
20 

21 

22 


23 
24 


25 
26 


27 

28 
28 


80 


Axtioles. 


II.^Baw  axd  Half-kanufactubrd  Matisiaui— 

Conitinaed. 

Timber,  not  specially  mentioDed,  free 

Cork- wood,  not  worked 

Carding  thisUee 

Hay,  straw,  cleaned  or  not;  bulbs,  bark,  grass, 
flowers,  roots,  seeds  (except  sp^daUy 
mentioned),  and  all  fresh  or  dried 
plants  and  vegetable  prodoots;  also 
sQch  as  are  used  in  medicine,  free. 
Ob8.— The  importation  of  Coconlos  Inoicos,  or 

berziee  need  in  fishing,  prohibited. 

Dried  essence,  licorice  or  cuttings  of  almonds,  not 
scented. 

Fibrons  vegetable  sabstances,  raw : 

1.  Cotton,  raw 

2.  Jute,  raw 

8.  Flax  and  hemp,  combed  or  not ;  flax  and  hemp 
waste  and  combings:  wool  of  fir-tree 
spines,  vegetable  hair,  manila  hemp, 
fiber  of  nettles  and  other  vegetables 
used  as  substitutes  for  flax  and  hemp, 
raw,  free. 

Bag!  of  all  kinds,  paper  shreds,  papier  machS^  and 
paper  pulp,  not  worked,  free. 

Animal  products : 

1.  Bones  of  every  kind,  burnt  or  ground ;  also 

animal  charooaL 

2.  Horns  of  everv  kind,  and  hoofs,  free. 

8.  Hair,  not  worked. 

a.  Human 

b.  All  other  kinds 

4.  Down  and  feathers,  unless  specially  mentioned 

6.  Skins  not  dressed,  hides,  salted  and  dried,  ex- 

cept those  in  §  85 ;  also  fish-skins  and 
shreds  of  raw,  undrcMed  skins. 

9.  Tallow  and  wax : 

a.  Animal  tallow,  train-oil 

b.  Stearine.  parafflne,  and  spermaceti 

e.  Fish  and  whale  blubber 

d.  Beea*wax,  mineral  wax,  and  wax  for 
dressing  trees. 

7.  Canceled. 

8.  Silk  waste  (bourre  de  tcit),  not  combed,  silk 

sweepings  of  every  kind,  and  cocoons. 

9.  Parts  of  animals  and  ununal  products  used 

in  medicine,  not  specially  mentioned, 
free. 
Animals,  domestic,  horses,  4&o.,  and  live  animal?  of 
every  kind,  except  those  in  §  67,  free. 

nL— Mawfactubbs. 

Bricks,  ordinary,  and  fire-bricks,  tiles  for  roofing, 
slabs  of  fire-clay,  drainage  and  water 
pipes,  except  those  of  metal,  free. 

Carpenters'  work  of  every  kind,  wooden  axles. 
Jambs,  spokes,  naves  (of  wheels), 
wheelbaiTOWs,  carts,  and  other  niugh 
articles  not  specially  mentioned,  and 
all  coopers*  work. 
0b8.— Wooden  pegs  for  shoes  pay  30  kopecks  per 

pood,  under  $  180. 

Basket  work: 

1.  Basket  work,  common,  of  cane,  willow,  com- 
mon straw,  bark,  or  laths,  &c.,  mats 
and  bags  of  the  same: 

a.  XTnpainted 

b.  Painted 


Hussian. 


10  kopecks  per 

pood,gr. 
20  kopecks  per 

pood,gr. 


20    kopecks    per 
pood. 

46    kopecks    per 

pood. 
40    kopecks    i>er 

pood. 


10  kopecks  per 
pood,gr. 


6  roubles  per  pood . 
10  kopecks  per 

pood. 
20  kopecks  per 

pood. 
60  kopecks  per 

pood. 


30    kopecks    per 

pood. 
1  rouble  per  ]>ood. 
50    kopecks    per 

pood. 
1  rouble  per  pood. 


22    kopecks    per 
pood. 


5     kopecks     per 


KOpC' 

pood. 


16    kopecks    i>er    1«.  6(f.  per  owt. 

pood.  I 

46    kopecka  pex  \  it.^d.'^QCQ'viXK 

pood.  \ 


Bnglish  equivalents. 


U.per  cwt.,g. 

1«.  Hid.  per  cwt.,  g. 


1«.  ll^d.  per  owt. 

4«.  6d.  per  cwt. 
3«.  lid.  per  cwt. 


If.  per  owt. 

£2  99. 2d,  per  cwt. 
1«.  per  cwt. 

1«.  Hid.  per  cwt. 

4«.  lid.  per  cwt. 

• 

2t,  ll|d.  per  cwt. 

9f.  9d.  per  cwt. 
4«.  Ud.  per  cwt. 

9».  9d.  per  owt. 
2a.  2d.  per  cwt. 


6d.  per  cwt. 


238 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Pabt  I. — Import  duiiea — Continued. 


a  . 


81-84 
35 


86 


87-88 


40 


41 
42 


43 

44 

45 
46 


47 
48 

49 


AiticlM. 


m.— Hahufactubbs— Continned. 

2.  Fnniitare  of  lath  wood«  straw.  Ax.,  shoes  of 

reed,  shave-grass,  sad  other  similar 
plants  worked  ap. 

3.  Door-mats:  sack  and  matting  of  reed,  shaye- 

grass,  and  other  plants,  finee. 
Canceled. 

A  grionltaral  machinery,  and  other  implements,  with- 
oat  steam-engines,  not  specially  men- 
tioned, tnt. 
Obs.— Duplicate  parts  of  the  above,  and  also  the 
indispensable  fittings  thereof^  imported  together 
with  them,  are  admitted  free.    If  imported  sepa- 
rately from  machinery,  Ate,  they  pay  nnder  §  175, 
Article  1. 

Sea  and  river  going  vessels  of  everv  description, 
with  or  without  their  rigging: 

1.  Iron  bnilt,  nnder  200  lasts»  per  last  displace- 

ment. 

2.  Iron  built,  above  200  lasts 

8.  Wooden  vessels 

(K.  B.— The  last=4,000  lbs.=abont  1|  tons.) 
Obs.— Vessels  imported  in  parts,  with  or  without 

steam-engines,  pay  duty  on  each  part  according  to 

vaiious  sections. 

Canceled. 

Books,  drawings,  Ac 

1.  Pictures,  drawings,  hand -painted  and  drawn, 

and    wilhont    frames,    also    manu- 
scripts, f^ee. 

2.  Engravings,  lithographs,  prints,  music,  ^kc, 

reproducible    prints,    photographs, 
dtc,  free. 
8.  Books  printed  in  foreign  languages,  free. 

4.  Books  in  Russian,  printed  aoroad : 

a.  Without  bbdlng 

b.  Bound 

Note  1.— The  above  articles  are  subject  to  the 

rules  of  the  censorship. 
l^OTB  2.— In  the  case  of  pictures  being  framed, 

the  frames  are  sul^ect  to  §  Isl. 

Articles  for  collections,  museums,  &c.,  and  aU  curi- 
osities (coins,  weaiMns,  du).),  not  hav- 
ing the  ohazaoter  of  merchandise, 
free. 

Canceled. 

Patterns  of  stu£b  of  all  kinds,  measuring  less  than 
an  arshin,  free. 

lY.— Abtiolbs  of  Food. 

Flour,  malt,  and  grits  (except  potato  fiour) 

Potato  flour 

Starch,  in  lumps  and  powder 

Bice: 

1.  Ordinary 

2.  Bice  in  the  husk 

Vermicelli  and  macaroni,  sago  and  arrowroot 

Yeast  of  beer: 

1.  Liquid 

2.  Dried  and  pressed 

Salt,  culinary,  of  every  description : 

1.  Imported  to  any  parts,  except  those  mentioned 

below, 

2.  To  the  ports  of  the  White  Sea 

Ous.— In  the  ports  of  the  Government  of  Archangel 
21,0C0  poimda  of  salt  may  be  imported  annually  free 
of  duty  for  the  purpose  of  curing  fish,  and  anv  quan- 
tity may  be  brought  free  to  the  Murman  coast  of  the 
White  ^ea. 


Russian. 


20    kopecks    per 


[i    kopec 
pood. 


20  roubles  per  last. 

10  roubles  per  last. 
5  roubles  per  last. . 


8  roubles  per  pood. 
4  roubles  50  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


10    kopecks    per 

pood.gr. 
60    kopecks    i>er 

pood. 
1  rouble  per  pood. . 

70    kopecks    per 

pood. 
40    kopecks    per 

pood. 

1  rouble  10  kopecks 
per  pood. 

90    kopecks    per 
pood. 

2  roubles  per  pood . 

20  kopecks  per 

pood. 
10  kopecks  per 

pood. 


English  equivalents. 


U.  lli<i  per  cwt. 


£1  16t.  2d.  per  ton. 

18«.  Id.  per  ton. 
8».  per  ton. 


£1  to.  6(2.  per  cwt. 
£2  it,  Sd.  per  owt. 


1«.  per  owt.,  g. 
5f.  lid.  per  cwt. 
to.  9d.  per  cwt. 
6t.  lOd.  per  cwt. 
St.  lid,  per  owt. 
10*.  Od.  per  cwt. 

St.  lOd.  per  cwt. 
Ito.  8d.  per  cwt. 
U.  Hid,  per  owt. 
It.  per  owt. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SFVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


239 


Part  I. — Import  duties — ContinaecL 


•S  a 

0» 


C  « 


50 


51 


52 
53 


54 


55 
56 

57 
58 

50 

60 


61 
62 


63 

64 

65 

66 


Articles. 


IV.— Abticleb  of  Food— Continaed. 

3.  To  the  Polish  frontier  sod  to  the  i>orts  on  the 
Black  and  Azof  Seas,  prohibited. 

0d8. — Salt  imported  at  the  castom-honsesin  Poland 
is  admitted  free  of  duty  if  for  Government  ose;  also 
salt  for  the  mannfactnre  of  soda  is  admitted  free. 
Vegetables  and  fruit: 

1.  Vegetables,  salted,  soaked, dried,  and  pressed.. 

2.  Fruits  and  berries,  fresh,  salted,  soaked,  Sec, 

except  those  named  below. 
Ohs  —Fruits  and  vegetables  in  hennetically>closed 
vestM^ls  pay  duty  under  6  62. 

3.  Oranges,  lemons,  bitter  oranges • 


4.  Grapes,  fresh 


Capersandolives,  dried,  pickled,  and  in  oil;  imported 
in  casks,  baskets.  Sec.,  not  in  hermeti- 
callv  closed  vessels. 

In  oil  or  vinegar,  in  nermetically-closed  vessels,  under 
$62. 

Carob  beans 

Nuts: 

1.  Of  all  kinds,  forest  and  garden,  except  those 

specially  mentioned,  peach  kernels, 
coestnuts,  and  cocoannts. 

2.  Almonds,  with  and  without  husks,  also  pis- 

taohio  nuts. 
Fruits  and  berries,  dried,  of  all  kinds,  plums,  prunes, 

Acs,  raisins,  dates,  &o.,  not  in  sugar; 

also  Turkish  confectionery  (Rabat- 

Lukum  and  Alva). 
Obs. — The  duty  is  leviable  on  the  above  inclusive 
of  the  weight  of  tne  boxes  in  which  they  are  packed. 
Beef,  sait^,  smoked,  and  dried,  and  sausages 


Cheese    

Ob8. — Cheese  imported  in  lead  or  tin  wrappers 
pays  duty  on  the  weight,  inclusive  of  such  wrappers. 
Butter 


Honey  and  honey  treacle 

Treacle  of  cane  sugar,  of  beet-root  sugar,  of  fecula. 

&.C.,  except  of  honey;  also  sugar  of 

milk. 
Confectionery  (sweetmeats),  except  Turkish,  §  54: 

1.  Pieserves.  sssia  in   pots  and  Jars,  firiit  in 

liqueurs,  in  rum.  in  bnmdy,  in  simp, 
in  Juice;  fruit  sirups,  pastilla,  and 
chocolate. 

2.  Fruits  boiled  thick  without  sugar,  with  which 

are  included  preserves  of  pears  and 
jzrapes,  i. «.,  bekmess;  cocoa  prepared 
witnout  sugar. 

Ginger-bread,  pAtes,  English  and  American  biscuits, 
with  or  without  sugar. 

Condiments  of  every  kind,  such  as  prepared  mus- 
tard, soy.  pickles,  also  capers,  olives, 
and  all  n^ts  and  vegetables  in  oil, 
vinenr,  Sco»  (except  those  specially 
mentioned),  imported  in  glass,  pots, 
tin,  and  other  hermetically-sealed 
vessels. 

Truffles,  mousserons,  champignons,  and  other  mush- 
rooms, in  vinegar,  oil,  or  salt;  also 
dried  and  fresh  truffles. 

Mushrooms,  diied  (except  such  as  are  only  used  for 
medicinal  purposes  ^  22. 

Fish: 

1.  Marinated,  prepared  in  oil  and  stuffed,  and 

cavinr. 

2.  Salted  and  smoked  (except  herrings) 

Herrings  and  fish,  dried  and  undried: 


Bussian. 


English  equivalents. 


55    kopecks    per ' 

pood,  gr. 
1  rouble  per  pood. 


50    kopecks    per 
pood. 

1  rouble  40  kopecks 
per  pood. 

2  roubles  per  pood . 


40    kopecks    per 
pood. 

80    kopecks    per 
pood. 

2  roubles  per  pood. 

1  rouble  per  pood. 


80    kopecks    per 

pood. 
5  roubles  per  pood . 


50    kopecks    per 

pood. 
1  rouble  20  kopecks 

per  pood,  gr. 
...do 


8  roubles  per  pood, 


5  roubles50  kopecks 
per  pood,  gi*. 


3  roubles50  kopecks 

per  pood,  gr. 

4  roubles  per  pood, 

gr. 


5t.  bd.  per  cwt.,  g. 
9».  dd,  per  cwt. 

4«.  lid  per  cwt. 
13«.  8d.  per  cwt. 
lAt.  Bd.  per  cwt. 

3«.  lid.  per  cwt. 

7«.  lOd.  per  cwt. 

Idt.  8<i.  p«r  cwt. 
lit.  8dl  per  owt. 


It.  lOd.  per  owt. 
£2  Of.  2d.  per  cwt. 

4«.  lid.  per  cwt. 
11«.  Od.  per  cwt.,  g. 
Do. 

£Z  ISt.  6d.percwt.,g. 

£2 13«.  8d.per  cwt.,g. 

£1 14«.  2d.percwt.,g. 
£1 19».  per  cwt.,  g. 


6  roubles  per  iK>od, 
gr. 

44    kopecks    per 
pood,  gr. 


4  roubles  per  pood, 

gr. 
1  rouble  20  kopecks 

per  pood,  gr.       \ 


£2  10«.  per  cwt.,  g. 
it.  id.  per  cwt.,  g. 


£1 10c.2d.i>erQwt.,g. 


240 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Part  I. — Import  duties — Continued. 


68 


69 
70 

71 
72 

73 

74 


75 


76 
77 


78 


79 


Articles. 


IV.— Abticlks  of  Food— Continoed. 
1.  Smoked  herrings 


2.  Salt  herring,  cod,  and  other  fish 

Obs.  to  6$  65  AND  66. — All  fish,  fVesh  Or  otherwise, 
imported  in  Kussian  vessels  in  the  government  of 
Archangel,  free. 

Oysters,  loDSt^rs,  crabs,  mussels,  cntUeflsh,  snails, 
Sec,  fresh,  dried,  salted,  or  marinated. 
Obs.- In  hermeticiUly-closed  vessels  under  §  62. 
Chicory  and  acorns  roasted,  and  other  substitutes 
for  cofiee,  in  lumps  or  pressed,  but 
without  admixture  of  coffee   (vide 
Obs.  to  §70). 
0b8. — Chicory  in  its  raw  state  (in  plants  and  roots) 
and  acorns  not  roasted,  are  admitted  fr-ee  of  duty 
under  $  2  and  §  17. 
Laurel  leaves  and  berries,  and  galangal 

v.— Colonial  Peoducb. 


Coffee  in  beans 

Ob8. — Coffee,  roasted  and  ground,  as  well  as  any 
substitute  (e.  g.,  chiconr),  in  tne  condition  of  flour,  or 
with  admixture  of  coflee,  pays  duty  under  this  para- 
graph. 
Cocoa,  in  beans  and  cocoa  shells 

Obs.— Cocoa,  ground,  vide  §  60. 
Spices: 

1.  Vanilla  and  saflh>n 

2.  Cardamon,  mace,  and  nutmegs 

8.  Cloves,  clove-heads,  pepx>er,  ginger,  and  all 

otiier  spices  not  specially  mentioned. 
Sugar: 

1.  Baw  and  crushed  or  pounded,  without  admix- 

ture of  lumps. 

2.  Befinod,  lumps,  and  sugar-candy,  in  loaves  and 

pieces. 
Tobacco: 

1.  In  the  leaf  and  in  bundles,  with  or  without 

stalks,  and  tobacco-stalks. 

2.  Tobacco,  for  smoking  and  for  snuff,  cut,  of 

every  kind,  twisted,  in  rolls,  cakes,  Sec 

8.  Cigars,  and  cut  tobacco  wrapped  in  leaves 

Tea: 

1.  Flower,  green  and  yellow 


2.  Ordinary  black  tea  (the  tea  of  commerce),  tea 
in  stalks,  and  brick  tea. 

VL— Spibttb  akd  Drdcks. 

Araok,  rum,  French  brandy  (cognac),  and  spirit  dis- 
tilled from  plums,  Imported  in  casks 
or  barrels. 
Spirits  distilled  from  com,  in  bottles,  liqueurs, 
Kirchwasser,  gin,  whisky,  spirituous 
infusions;  also  rum,  arack,  French 
•  brandy,  and   spirits  distilled  ftom 

plums^  in  bottles. 
Obs.— The  importation  in  casks  of  spirituous  liq- 
uors distilled  frt>m  com  is  prohibited. 
Wine: 

1.  Imported  in  casks  or  barrels 


2.  Wine  imiMrted  in  bottles,  not  sparkling 

8.  Wine  imported  in  bottles,  sparkling,  ail  kinds. 

Mead,  Linden  honey,  cherry  wine,  ale,  and  porter : 
1.  In  casks 


2.  In  bottles. 


Russian. 


22    kopecks    per 

pood,  gr. 
15    kopecks    per 

pood,  gr. 


2  roubles  per  pood, 

40    kopecks    per 
pood. 


1  rouble  20  kopecks 
per  pood. 


2   roubles  50  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


.do 


12  roubles  per  pood 
4  roubles  per  pood. 
2  roubles  per  pood. 


2  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

8  rocbles  SO  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

15  roubles  40  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

1  rouble  per  pound. 

2  roubles  40  ko- 
pecks per  pou  nd. 

24  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

17  roubles  per 
pood. 


11    roubles     per 
pood,  gr. 

75    kopecks    i>er 
bottle. 


2  roubles  55  ko- 
pecks per  pood, 

40  kopecks  per 
bottle. 

1  rouble  10  ko- 
pecks per  bottle. 

17  kopecks  per 
bottle. 

1  rouble  10  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


English  equivalents. 


2a.  2d.  per  cwt.,  g. 
1«.  6d.  i>er  cwt.,  g. 

19«.  8d.  "per  cwt.,  g. 
3«.  lid.  per  cwt.,  g. 


11«.  9d.  per  cwt. 


£14«.6(2.percwt. 


Do. 


£5  17«.  6(1.  per  cwt. 
£ll9».2d.  per  cwt. 
lOf.  6<2.  per  cwt. 


£1  1«.  6d.  per  cwt. 
£1  12».  6d.  per  owt. 

£7  lit.  3(f.  per  cwt. 
3s.  Od.  per  pound. 
3».  6d.  per  x>onnd. 
£11  17«.  9d.  per  cwt. 
£8  5f .  9d.  per  cwt. 

£5  St.  9d.  per  cwt.,  g. 
2«.  4id.  per  bottle^ 


£1  5«.  per  cwt.,  g. 

U.  3d.  per  bottle. 
Zt.  6d.  per  bottle. 

6(4.  per  bottle. 
lOf .  9d.  per  cwt. 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


241 


Pabt  I. — Impart  d«<iea— Contiiiaed. 


Mi 


SO 


SI 


S2 


63 


€4 


85. 


86 


Artldee. 


VL—SpnuTB  A3XD  Drinkb— Continued. 


Ylnegar of  ereiykind  (except  toilet Tinegw) i  also 

la  perry : 


1.  IncMks 


reiyl 
oid( 


er  and  perry; 


2.  In  bottles. 


Water,  gaseons,  not  containing  alcohol,  snoh  as  oar> 
Donlo  acid  and  soda  waters ;  also  min- 
eral waters  of  every  kind,  naturtil  or 
artificial. 
Fmit  Jnioe,  containing  no  sngar,  with  or  without 
trace  of  alcohol. 
0b8. — ^Frnit  Juice  containing  an  admixture  of  al- 
cohol is  liable  to  an  additional  duty  of  10  kopecks 
on  each  degree  of  alcohol  in  addition  to  the  duty  of 
60  kopecks  per  pood. 

The  importation  of  fruit  Juice  containing'  more 
than  16  degrees  (Trallis)  of  alcohol  is  prohibited. 

YIL—Vbobtablb  a.xd  Akimal  Substakckb,  Mis- 

cbllasbou8. 

Wood: 

1.  Exotic,  for  Joiners'  and  turners'  work,  such  as 

pock-wood  (lignum-vite),  cedar,  cy- 
press, mahogany,  walnut  wood,  palix- 
ander,  palm,  and  all  kinds  of  odorif- 
erous wood,  in  logs,  locks,  and  deals. 

2.  In  sheets  of  veneer,  of  every  kind   

0b8.  1.— For  dye-wood  of  every  kind,  see  §  108. 
Obs.  2.— Sheets  up  to  ^  vershok  in  thickness  are 

considered  as  veneer. 
Hides  and  skins,  dressed : 

1.  Small:  Calf-skin,  tanned, prepared  with  alum 

and  tawed ;  also  morocco  leather,  kid, 
chamois,  fish-skin,  and  all  fikins  cut 
for  boots  and  shoes. 

2.  Large:  Ox,  cow,  horse,  and  pig  skins,  tanned, 

prepared  with  alum  or  tawed,  and 
straps  of  walrus  skin ;  also  parchment. 

3.  Lacquered,  of  all  kinds  

Obs. — Prepared  leather  shreds  pav  the  same  dutv 

as  the  description  of  leather  to  whicn 
they  belong.    If  raw,  they  are  ad- 
mitted free.    See  §  26,  Article  5. 
Peltries: 

1.  Skins  (furs)  of  sll  kinds,  except  those  specially 

mentionc<l. 

2.  Sable,  blue  fox,  fisher,  chinchilla,  marten,  fox- 

skin,  Hiid  sea-benr. 

3.  Skins  and  tails  of  niuskrat,  bear-skins,  skins 

of  kangaroo  and  opossum,  ral)bit- 
skins,  wolf-skins,  tiger-skins,  leopard- 
skins,  &c. 

4.  Fox,  marien,  and  other  skins  brought  to  the 

poris  of  the  Government  of  Arch- 
angel by  the  inhabitants  of  the  coast. 

Ob0.  1.— Walrus,  elk,  seal,  and  white  grampus 
skins  (beloncra)  brought  to  the  ports  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  ArchauKcl  by  the  inbuoitants  of  the  coast, 
as  well  as  all  peltries  of  Russian  origin  imporied  in 
Russian  ships,  excepting  those  specified  in  Article 
4  of  this  $  are  admitted  free  of  duty 

Obs.  2. — Sheep-skins  dyed   and  dressed  are  ad- 
mitted under  Ariiclo  3  of  this  6;  but  if  not  dyed 
and  dressed,  tmder  §  26,  Article  o. 
Whalebone 


Obb»— Small  ribs  of  cane,  used  in  umbrella-making 
in  lieu  of  whalebone,  pay  duty  under  this  ^. 
87     Sponge 


Snasian. 


I  Tonble    10  ko- 
pecks per  pood, 

II  kopecks   per 
bottle. 

3  kopeoks  per  bot- 
tieT 


80    kopecks   per 
poodfgr. 


10    kopeoks   per 
pood. 


50    kopecks    per 
pood. 


9  roubles  per  pood 


5  roubles  per  pood 

6  roubles  60  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


English  eqidralenta. 


lOt.  9d.  per  owt. 

4id.  per  bottle. 
Id.  per  bottle. 

4«.  lid.  per  owt.,  g. 


U.  per  owt. 


4*.  lid.  per  owt 


£4  7«.  7d.  per  owt. 


£2  Of.  2d  per  owt 


£3  4«.  8d.  per  owt 


1 5  roubles  per  pood   £7  7i.  6d.  per  owt 


80  roublesiperpood 

5   roubles  60  ko- 
I>eoks  i>er  pood. 


do 


2  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

2  roubles  i>er  pood . 


£14  22«.  6d.  per  cwt. 
£2  14s.  i>er  cwt 

Do. 


£1  It,  9d,  per  cwt 


Ito.  8d.  per  cwt 


1784  CONG— A  P- 


16 


242 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEfiAL   COUNTRIES. 


Part  I. — Jmpcri  dutiet — Continued. 


89 


00 


91 

92 


93 


94 

95 


96 
97 


ArtiolM.. 


BnMian. 


ym.— Wkayiko  akd  Spiknikg  Matxbialb. 

Hemp  and  flax  jam  of  all  kinds  aad  Jute  yam 

Obs. — For  hemp  and  flax  thread  see  §  92,  Article  3. 
Silk: 

1.  Kaw  and  silk  waste,  or  bourre  de  foie,  carded 

(silk  waddinjE),  dyed  or  not  dyed. 
Ob8. — Silk  waste,  not  carded,  of  all  kinds,  as  well 
as  cocoons,  pay  dnty  under  §  26,  Article  8. 

2.  Twist,  tram,  and  orgaaaine,  and  silk,  would 

for  woof  or  warp ;  also  all  sewing  silk, 
yam  of  bourre  de  toie  or  silk  waste, 
either  pare  or  mixed  with  wool,down, 
or  cotton : 

a.  Not  dyed 

b.  Dyed  and  printed 

Wool  and  down : 

1.  Kaw,  washed  and  not  washed,  not  dyed ;  alao 

flock  wool  and  cloth  shearings. 

2.  Wool,  not  span,  of  everv  kind,  dyed ;  also  arti- 

flcial  wool  (snoddy,  niungo),  doUi 
rags,  and  wool  waste  dyed. 
8.  Wool,  worked  into  strips : 

a.  Not  dyed 

b.  Dyed , 

4.  Wool  yam,  pore  or^mixed  with  cotton,  flax, 
or  hemp : 

a.  Not  dyed 

b.  Dyed 

Cotton  wadding,  carded  and  gammed  in  sheets. . .' . . . 

Cotton  yam: 

1.  Up  to  No.  45,  English  meaenre : 

a.  Unhleaohed 

b.  Bleached  and  dyed  (except  tiiat  dyed 

with  Turkey  red). 
e.  Dyed  with  Tarkey  rvd 

2.  Thinner  than  No.  45,  English  measure : 

a.  Unbleached 

b.  Bleached  and  dyed 

8.  Sewing  and  knitting  cotton. 

Lamp-wicks  of  cotton  orothec  material 

IX.~MBTAL8. 

Cast  iron,  in  pigs  and  scrap 

Iron  (ana  steel,  §  07) : 

1.  In  bars,  of  all  kinds,  having  a  breadth  of  i  inch 

to  18  inches,  and  thickness  or  aiame- 
ter  up  to  7  inches ;    also  in  blooms, 
puddled  blooms,  and  mill  bars. 
Note. — Iron  or  st<>el  of  less  than  )  inch  in  breadth, 
thickness,  or  diameter,  is  treated  as  wire. 

2.  Iron  and  steel  rails 

3.  Iron  and  steel,  in  sheets  and  plates,  having  a 

breadth  of  18  inches  and  upwards, 
and  evory  kind  of  iron  and  steel  hav* 
ing  a  thickness  or  diameter  of  7  inches 
and  upwards. 

4.  Scrap  iron  and  steel 

Tin  plate,  lacquered  and  not  lacquered,  also  all  kinds 
of  sheet  iron  covered  with  sine,  cop- 
per, or  any  other  metal.    (See  $  164.) 

Steel  (see  ^  95,  same  as  iron). 


4  roubles  40  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


55    kopecks    per 
pood. 


8     roubles     per 

pood. 
16    roubles     per 

pood. 

1  rouble  per  pood. 

2  roubles  per  immkL 


3  roubles     i>er 
pood. 

4  roubles  50  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


7  roubles  50  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

9  ronbles  i>er 
]>ood. 

1  rouble  20  ko- 
pecks pw  pood. 


8  roubles  60  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

4  roubles  70  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

5  roubles      par 


pood. 


per 


6     roubles 

pood. 
6  roubles  per  pood. 

4  roubles  per  pood. 


6  kopecks  ]>er  pood 

40    kopecks    per 
pood. 


50    kopecks    per 

pood. 
55    kopecks    per 

pood. 


22  kopecks  per 
pood. 

1  rouble  40  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


English  equiTalent>> 


£2  8t.  par  owl 


5f .  6d.  per  owt. 


£B  18ff.  9dL  per  cwU 
£1 17«.  9d.  per  owt. 

9f .  9(i.  per  ewt. 
19f .  8d.  per  owt. 

£1  9t.  fid.  per  owt. 
£2  it.  lid,  "per  cwt. 

£3 18«.  8<L  per  owt. 
£4  7«.  9d.  per  cwt. 
lU.  9d.  per  cwt. 

£1  Ifif.  5d.  per  cwt. 
£2  5t.  2d.  per  cwt. 
£2  9».  2d,  per  owt. 

£2 19t.  per  owt. 
£2 19t.  per  cwt. 
£1 19«.  2d.  per  owt. 

Id.  "per  owt. 
dt.  lid.  per  cwt. 


4*.  lid.  per  cwt. 
5f .  5d.  per  cwt. 

2t.  2d.  per  cwt. 
18*.  9d.  per  owt^ 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


243 


Part  1. — Impart  duUea — Continaed. 


*"  a 

ti 

0 


.  9 


98 


99 


100 
101 


102 


103 


104 
105 
100 


107 
108 


100 

110 

111 
112 
118 
114 


Articles. 


IX.  —Mbtalb— Continaed. 

Copper  and  brass :  metallio  alloys,  snch  aspinchbeck, 
prmce's  metal,  argentine,  German  sil- 
ver, Bntannia  metal,  &c.,  also  nickel, 
cobalt,  bismo^h,  cadmium,  alcunin- 
lum,  and  alloys  of  these : 
1.  In  pigs,  scrap,  blooms,  filings,  Slc ^... 


2.  In  sheets,  bars,  or  rods 

Obs. — Copper  and  alloys  of  copper,  rolled  and  in 
rods  or  bars,  of  ^  iDch  or  leas  in  tnlckness  or  diam* 
efer,  pay  duty  as  wire  (§  167,  Article  2). 
Tins: 

1.  In  blocks,  bars,  and  scrap 


2.  In  sheets  and  as  amalgam  for  mirrors 


Qaicksilver 

Lead: 

1.  In  pigs  of  all  kinds,  litharge,  and  lead  ashes 

of  every  description. 

2.  In  rolls,  sheets,  and  pipes 


Zinc  or  spelter: 

1.  In  blocks . 

2.  In  sheets 


X.—Dbuos,  Sec. 

Gams,  lesins,  and  balsams: 

1.  Of  all  kinds,  except  those  specially  mentioned, 

caoatcboac  aod  gutta-percha  in  blad- 
ders and  pieces  not  worked:  fluid 
caoutchouc;  albumen  of  sll  kinds; 
camphor  and  manna. 

2.  Storax  or  common  incense 


8.  Gum  benzoin,  ambergris;  Tolatanand  Peru- 
vian balsams. 
White  rosin,  colophony,  also  asphaltum  in  slabs  . . . 


Naphtha,  black,  raw,  Mid  not  refined. 


Volatile  oils  for  lighting  purposes,  vis,  petroleum, 
kerosene,  photogeno,  gasoline,  &o., 
also  bensino.  refined  naphtha,  and 
))sraffino  paste  for  lubricating  ma- 
chinery. 

Turpentine  and  oil  of  turpentine  


Natural  dye-stuffii : 

1.  Vegetable:  Avignon  and  buckthorn  berries, 

past*  1  wood,  quercitron,  henna  leaves, 
madder  (in  roots),  taitnerio  (in  roots 
and  ground),  alkanot  (root),  cartha- 
mus,  gall-nuts,  and  divi-divi. 

2.  Tinctorial  earths  of  all  kinds,  raw  and  cal- 

cined, vis,  ochre*,  sienna,  Verona  green, 
bolus,  and  white  chalk,  refined. 
Dye-woods: 

1.  In  logs  and  blocks,  sumach  in  every  form 

2.  Ground  and  bruised 


Archil,  lacrous,  toumesol,  nrnatto,  schuttgelb  or 
wood-lake;  kermesgrains  and  catechu 
(terra  Juponica). 

Madder,  ground 


Indigo,  in  every  form  except  extract,  §  119. 


Cochineal  in  every  form  (except  extract,  see  ^  119, 
Article  2). 

Pmsfeian  blue  and  Paris  blue,  ultramarine,  natural 
and  artificial;  also  blue  used  in  wash- 
ing. 


Russian. 


66    kopeoka    per 

pood. 
1  rouble  per  pood . . 


40    kopecks  per 

pood. 

70    kopeeks  pw 

pood. 
2  roubles  per  pood . 

10    kopecks  i>er 

pood!. 

20   kopecks  per 


I  kopec 
pood. 


40  kopecks  per 

pood. 
70  kopeeks  per 

pood. 


88    kopecks    i>er 
pooo. 


I  rouble  10  kopecks 

per  pood. 
4  roubles  40  ko- 
pcHsks  per  pood. 

II  kopecks    per 
pood. 

17    kopecks    per 

pood. 
60    kopecks    per 

pood. 


33    kopecks    per 


I  kopec 
pooo. 


6  kopecks  per 
pood. 


.do 


...do 

30    kopecks    per 

pood. 
do , 


55  kopecks  per 
poo<l. 

3  roubles  30  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

8  roubles  per  pood 

2  roubles  20  ko- 
peeks per  pood. 


£UigUsh  equivalents 


6t.  6d.  per  owt^ 
Of.  9d.  per  cwt^ 

8f.  lid.  per  owt. 
6t.  lOd.  i>er  owt 
19«.  M.  per  cwt. 
If.  per  owt. 
U.  liyL  per  cwt. 

8«.  lid.  per  owt 
6«.  lOd.  per  cwt 

8«.  Zd,  per  owt 

lOf .  9d.  per  cwt 
£2  St.  Id.  per  owt 
if.  Id.  per  owt 
If.  8d.  per  cwt 
5f.  lid.  per  owt 

8f .  8d.  per  owt. 
6d.i>ercwt. 

Do. 


Do. 
2f.  l]d.per  owt 

Do. 


6f.  5d.  per  owt 
£1 12f.  6d.  per  cwt 
£1  Of  .  6d.  per  owt. 
£1  lA  7d.  per  cwt 


\ 


244 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Part  I. — Import  dutie9 — Continued. 


115 
116 
117 
118 

119 


120 
121 


122 
123 


124 
125 
128 

127 

128 
120 

180 

181 
182 

138 
184 


185 

186 
187 


Aztiolet. 


X.— DBUO0,  6tc.— <;ontiDaed. 

White  lead  and  white  of  sino 

Bed  lend 


yerdigrie 


Colon:  Capreoas  (except  verdiffris),  as  well  as 
arseDical  and  cobalt  colors  (inclnd- 
ins  smalt);  colors  of  antimony  (also 
f^oid  snlpharet  of  antimony)  and  of 
chrome;  also  cinnabar. 

Extracts  of  coloring  materials: 

1.  Of  all  kinds,  except  those  specially  mentioned; 

garaocine,  flowers  of  madder,  and  all 
preparations  of  madder  in  powder. 

2.  Extractsofindigo,cochineal  (carmine  and  all 

lakes),  carthamine,  and  orchiL 

Aniline  colors  and  all  colors  of  coal  tar;  picric  acid, 
and  mnrpxide,  also  extract  of  madder 
and  madder  lake. 

Miniature  colors  of  all  kinds,  in  cakes,  in  powder, 
on  shells  and  in  bladders;  cassias  or 
golden  purple  and  Indian  ink. 
Ob8. — Miniature  colors  of  every  kind  in  cakes,  im* 

ported  in  boxes  handsomely  finished  or  with  oma- 

mtrnts,  pay  dnty  under  §  229. 

Ink,  ink  powder,  and  blacking 

Colors  and  dyo-stnffs  not  specially  mentioned,  in 
lumps,  pieces,  or  ground,  dry,  or  pre- 
pared with  water  or  oiL 

Antimony,  in  raw  and  metallic  state 

Borax,  raw  and  refined  


Bnsaian. 


55  kopecks  per 
pood. 

30  kopecks  per 
poo<l. 

2  roubles  75  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

2  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


2  roubles  50   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

5  roubles  per  pood . 

15  roubles  per  pood 

5  roubles  per  pood. 


2  roubles  per  pood . 
do 


Tartar,  raw  and  refined,  cream  of  tartar,  crystals  of 
tartar,  and  tartrate  of  potash. 

Sal  ammoniac,  carbonate  of  ammoni.>,  and  all  salts 
of  ammonia,  raw  and  refined,  as  well 
a.1  liquid  ammonia. 

Sulphate  of  baryta  in  every  foim 


Arsenic  (me tjil), arsenical  acid  (white  arsenic), yellow 
sulphide  of  arsenic,  and  red  sulphide 
of  arsenic  (r6algar). 
0b8.— Arsenic  is  only  allowed  to  be  imported  in 

double  casks  or  cases. 

Fenocyanide  of  potassium ;  red  prussiate  of  potash ; 
chromato  of  potash,  neutral  and  acid ; 
also  saltpeter  not  refined. 
Ons. — Importation  of  refined  saltpeter  is  prohibited. 

Alum,  calcined  and  otherwise,  and  sulphate  of  alu- 
mina (substitnto  for  alum). 

Nitrate  of  soda ;  the  condensed  motherlye  of  Krentz- 
nach  waters;  Vichy  salts,  and  all 
natural  salts  not  specially  mentioned. 

Silicates  of  sodium  (natrium)  ana  of  potash  (fosible 
glass)  and  preparations  of  fusible 
glass,  soda,  &c.,  for  washing  wool; 
also  bicarbonate  of  soda. 

Soda  and  potash : 

1.  Carbonate  of  soda,  crystallised 


2.  Carbonate  of  soda,  calcined ;  potash  and  pearl- 
ash. 
8.  Caustic  soda  and  potash 


61aaber*s  salts  and  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia, and  pyroligneous  and  pyroace- 
tatooflime. 

KiMc  and  muriatic  or  hydrochloric  acids  and  chlo- 
ride of  lime  and  bleaching  liquor. 

Organic  acids  and  oxides : 

1.  Acids:  Acetic,  citric,  oxalic,  and  tartaric; 
tannin,  p^og^llio  acid ;  also  phos- 
phoric oxide. 


22   kopecks    per 

pood. 
11    kopecks    per 

pood. 
22    kopecks    per 

pood. 
do 


56    kopecks    per 

X>ood. 
— do 


2  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


25    kopecks    per 

pood. 
6    kopecks     per 

pood. 

80  kopecks  per 
pood. 


15  kopecks  per 

pood. 
30  kopecks  per 

pood. 
45  kopeoks  per 

pood. 
15  kopeoks  per 

pood. 

44    koneoks    per 
pooa. 

4  ronbles  per  pood 


BngUsh  eqniTaleata. 


6$.  5d.  per  cwt. 
2i.  lid.  per  owt. 
£17«.  ld.perowt. 
£1  It,  ed.  per  owt. 


At  4a.  7d.  per  owt. 

£2  Os.  2(t  per  owt. 
£7  7«.  6d.  per  owt. 

£2  St.  2<i.  per  owt. 


iSt.  Bd.  per  cwt. 
Do. 


2t.  2d.  per  owt. 
Is.  Id.  per  owt. 
2«.  Id.  i>er  cwt. 
Do. 

6s.  5d.  per  cwt. 
Do. 


£1  is.  6d.  per  owt. 

2ff.  M,  per  cwt. 
6d.  per  cwt. 

2t.  lid.  per  cwt. 

Is.  6d.  per  owt. 
2f  .  lid.  per  owt. 
4«.  5d.  per  owt. 
U.  6d.  per  owt. 

4s.  5d.  per  cwt. 

£119t.Sd.perowl 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTBIES. 


245 


Part  I — Import  dutie9 — Continaed. 


188 
189 


140 


lil 


142 

143 
144 


145 


146 
147 
148 

140 

160 


161 


162 
•168 


Articles. 


X.— Dbuob,  dec— ContiiiTied. 

Organic  acids  and  oxides— Continaed. 

2.  Oxides:  Of  cobalt,  of  mercury;  and  stannic 
oxide;  aliimininm  hydrate;  baiiom, 
matfneaiam,  and  sttontinm. 

Solphnric  acid  (vitriol) ;  snipharet  of  carbon 

Vitriols: 

1.  Of  iron,  or  green  copperas 

2.  Of  copper,  or  blue  copperas  (sulphate  of  cop* 

per);  sulphate  of  sine;  Salsburgyft- 

riol  or  double  sulphate  of  iron  and 

copper. 
Acids,  oxides,  salts,  and  other  chemicals  not  spe- 

cially  mentioned. 
0d8.— Boxes  coutainlns;  chemical  reagents  for  lab- 
oratories pay  under  this  §,  together  with  the  weight 
of  the  utensils  and  cases. 
Glue: 

1.  Isinglass  of  every  kind,  in  lumps,  sheets,  etc., 

and  gelatine  for  clearing  wine.       • 

2.  Joiner's  glue  and  shoemaker's  glue 


Tarnishes  of  spirit  or  oil. 


Bone>black 

Oils: 

J.  Olive  or  seed  oil,  and  all  vegetable  oils  except 

those  specially  mentioned;  oil  ofbones. 

lattv  and  burning  oils ;  drying  oil  and 

seea  oil  with  admixture  of  turpentine. 
2.  Essential  scented  oils,  with  or  without  trace 

of  fat  oils;  oils  used  in  medicine  and 

perfumery. 
8.  Cocoanut  and  palm  oil ;  afso  glycerine 


ISmery,  graphite,  and  pumice-stone,  powdered; 
bronzing  powder,  tripoli.  hematite, 
colcothar,  and  other  substances  for 
polishing  metals,  &c.,  mixed  with 
grease,  i.0.,  in  the  shape  of  thick  paste 
and  in  snv  other  form ;  also  spread  on 
paper  or  linen ;  paste  for  razor  straps ; 
putty  for  windows,  and  cement  for 
metals,  glass,  and  porcelain;  patent 
knife-boards,  whetstones,  and  grind- 
stones. 
Obs. — Emery  and  pumice-stone  in  lumps  pay  only 

half  duty,  i.  s.,  15  kopecks  the  pood. 

Phosphorus 

Ether,  chloroform,  andcoUodium ■ 

H<^  and  extract  of  hops 

Opium  and  lactucarinm 


Aromatio  waters,  containing  no  alcohol,  such  as 
cherry  -  laurel  water,  peppermint 
water,  or  ange-flower  water,  rose 
.water,  &o. 

Patent  medicines,  in  a  prepared  form,  permitted  to 
be  imported  according  to  special  list, 
which  see. 


XL— Stokewabb,  Poitbbt,  Sec, 
Alabaater  goods,  with  or  without  ornaments. 


Gypsum,  marble,  porp&yry,  serpentine,  slate,  Ac, 
workea,  wiui  or  without  ornaments. 

One.  1.— Slates  for  roofing  are  admitted  free  under 
$  8,  Article  2. 

Obb.  2.— Marble  steps  and  tombs  (rough  hewn  and 
not  polished)  pay  a  duty  of  20  kopecks  per  pood. 

Gek.  0b8.  to  $§  152  AKD  153. — if  the  bronze  orna- 
ments evidently  constitute  the  principal  value  of  the 
object,  and  cannot  be  separated  from  it,  onlyhalf 
the  duty  charged  on  bronzeware  is  levied. 


BuBsian. 


1  rouble    20   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

22    kopecks    per 

pood. 

..  do 

50    kopecks    per 

pood. 


2  roubles  per  pood 


6  roubles  per  pood 

11  kopecks  per 
pood. 

8  roubles  50  ko- 
pecks i>er  pood. 

22  kopecks  per 
pOod. 

2  roubles  per  pood . 


13  roubles  20  ko- 
I>ecks  per  pood. 

65    kopecks    per 

pood. 
80    kopecks    per 

pood. 


English  equivalent 


1 1  roubles  i>er  ]>ood, 
5  roubles  per  pood. 

I  rouble  20   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

II  roubles     per 
]>ood. 

4  roubles  40  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


10     roubles    per 
pood,  gr. 


1  rouble  20  ko- 
X>ecks  per  pood. 

50  kopecks  per 
pood. 


lis.  9<f.  per  owl. 


2t.  2d.  per  cwt. 

Do. 
4t.  lid.  per  cwt. 


lOf .  8d.  per  cwt 


£2  to.  2d.  per  owt. 
If.  Id.  per  owt. 
£4  2ff.  lid.  per  owt. 
2t.  2d.  per  cwt 
Ito.  8d.  per  cwt 

£6  fit.  3d.  per  owt. 

6f.  5d.perowt. 
29.  lid.  per  owt. 


£5  7«.  6d.  per  owt. 
£2  9».  Od.  per  owt 
lU.Od.per  owt 

£5  7«.  Od.  per  cwt. 

£2  3«.  per  cwt. 


£4  18«.  per  owt,  g. 


n«.  Od.  per  owt. 
4t.  lid.  per  owt. 


\ 


246 


TARIFFS  OF   THE   SEYKRAL   CX)UNTRIES. 


Part  I. — Import  dutteg — Continned. 


XI.^Stonkwabb,  PoiTEBT,  &C.—C0D tinned. 

154     Pottery  ware  of  common  cUy  or  sandstono : 

1.  All  pottery  ware,  except  that  mentioned  in 
Article  2. 

2.  Articles  for  the  decoration  of  rooms,  colored 
and  gilt. 

186     Earthenware : 

1.  White  or  of  one  color,  dyed  in  the  paste,  with- 
out ornaments,  although  with  a  mold- 
ed patterh. 

2.  The  same  with  patterns,  rings,  borders  and 
edges  of  one  color. 

8.  The  same  with  cildtng,  painting,  or  with  va- 
riegate d  patterDs. 
256     Porcelain : 

1.  Porcelain  vessels,  white  or  of  one  color,  with 
edges  or  borders  colored  or  gilt,  bat 
without  other  ornaments. 

2.  Porcelain  vessels  with  painting  or  with  pat- 
terns, colored  or  gilded,  flowers  or 
other  ornaments,  as  well  as  ol\}eots 
of  porcelain  or  biscuit,  for  decorating 
rooms  white  or  of  one  color,  but 
without  pointing,  gilding,  or  bronze 
ornaments- 

8.  Ornaments  of  porcelsin,  such  as  statuettes, 
garnitures  for  rooms  and  tables,  can- 
dlesticks, and  such  like  ol^ects.with 
painting,  gilding,  or   brunae   orna- 
ments. 
One.  1.^ Articles  of  so-called  ^oft  or  English  por- 
celain, which  is  semi-transparent,  pay  the  same  duty 
as  teal  porcelain. 

0b8.  2. — Crests  and  cyphers  are  not  considered 
ornaments. 

Obs.  8.— The  boxes  or  cases  in  which  porcelain  is 
imported  pay  duty  according  to  the  material  of 
which  thej'  are  made. 
157     Glasswares : 

1.  Bottle-green  glasswares,  not  01  namented,  cut, 
or  ground,  although  with  cast  letters 
and  patterns. 

0B8.— All  wine  bottles  imported  in  the  Black  and 
Azof  Seas  and  to  Bessaiabia  arc-  admitte<l  ftee. 

2.  Window  glass  of  all  kinds,  white,  half  white, 
or  bottle-green ;  and  glassware,  white, 
half  white,  not  cut  or  gioond,  not  or- 
namented, though  with  finished  or 
giound  bottoms,  borders,  and  stop- 
pers, and  with  cast  patterns. 

8.  Window  glass,  colored,  dy  t-d  in  the  paste,  milk 
white,  dimmed,  roticulated,  and  arti- 
cles of  colored  glass  (dyed  in  the 
paste),  or  double  glass  (with  colored 
coating),  mUk  white,  reticulated, 
dimmed  (ground  with  eand),  not 
ground,  cut,  or  oinoniented,  without 
gilding  or  silvering,  althontrh  with 
cast  patterns  aiid  ground  and  finished 
stoppers,  bottoms,  and  edges. 

4.  Articles  of  crystal  or  white  glass,  ground  and 
cut.  out  not  ornamented. 

5.  Articles  of  colored  glass,  of  one  color  or  coated 
(double),  dimmed,  reticulateil,  &c.. 
cut  and  ground  ;  also  article.**  of  every 
description  of  glass,  with  painting, 
gilding,  silvering,  and  with  patterns 
engraved  or  etched;  also  with  bronze 
and  other  ornaments. 

Obb.— If  the  bronze  ornaments  evidently  consti- 
tute the  principal  value  of  the  article,  it  pays  duty 
asanch. 


22  kopecks  per 
pood. 

1  rouble  10  ko- 
pecks i>er  pood. 

85  kopecks  per 
pood. 

1  rouble  10  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

2  roubles  75  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

4  roublea  40  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

8  ronbles  80  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


17  roubles  00  ko- 
pecks p^  pood. 


55    kopecks    per 
pood. 


1  rouble   20    ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


2  roubles   20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


4  roubles  40  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

8  roubles  80  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


English  eqnivalenta. 


2a.  2d.  per  cwt. 
10*.  Otf.  per  owt 

8».  id.  per  owt. 

lOt.  Od.  per  cwt 
Jtl  It.  per  cwt. 

£2  U.  Id.  p«t  owt 

£4  8t.  2d.  per  owt. 


£8 12§.  per  cwt 


5«.  5d.  per  owt.. 


llt.Otf.  perowt 


£1  If.  8d.  per  owt. 


£2  3a.  per  owt. 
£4  8t.  per  cwt. 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


247 


Pabt  L — Import  liitMet— CoDtinned. 


-a 


&4 


ArtlelM. 


XI.— Stokewabb,  PoiTEBT,  &c.— Contlxiiied. 

158     Mirron  and  plates  fot  mirrors : 
Of  A  snperflois*— 

Up  to  100  square  rershoks 

From  101  to  200  square  vershoks 

From  201  to  900  square  vershoks 

From  901  to  400  sqiiAre  vershoks 

From  401  to  500  sqaore  Tershoks 

From  501  to  601)  sqnare  rershoks 

From  601  to  800  square  vershoks 

From  801  to  1,200  square  vershoks 

Above  1,200  square  vershoks 

Obs.  1.— Mirrors  aod  glass  plates  for  mirrors, 
broken  in  transit,  pay  duty  separatelv  on  each  piece 
measuring  moro  than  25  square  vershoks,  calculat- 
ing the  superficies  by  the  largest  regular  quad- 
rangle that  could  bo  cut  out  of  the  piece.  Broken 
pieces  of  not  more  than  25  square  vershoks  are  ad- 
mitted fi-ee. 

0b8.  2. — Mirror  glasses,  ground,  without  tenal- 
gam,  pay  duty  according  to  the  above  scale  for  mir- 
rors, with  a  reduction  of  80  per  cent,  on  the  duty. 
Mirror  glass,  not  ground,  is  admitted  ninder  §  157, 
Article  2. 

0b8.  9.— Mirror  firames  pay  under  §  181,  Obs.  2. 

Xn.— Mbtals,  Wbouoht. 

150    6old« silver, and  platinum: 

1.  Goldarticlesof  every  description,  gold  Jewelry 
without  stones,  as  well  as  with  stones 
of  every  kind,  real  and    imitation, 

S earls,  Sec. 
silver  gilt  articles  of  every  kind, 
silver  jewelry  work,  with  or  without 
gilding,  with  stones,  i>earls,  &c. 
8.  Platinum — articles  of  every  kind 

4.  Lace  work  of  goM,  silver,  or  tinsel ;  gold  and 
silver  drawn  and  spun,  spangles,  and 
other  ornaments,  also  ribbon  of  gold 
and  silver. 

5.  Gold  and  silver  le;)f,  Aofile  and  double,  in 
books,  toj:etbcr  with  welpht of  books. 

160     Manufactures  of  bronze,  plated  silver,  and  of  various 

alloys  of  copper : 

1.  Articles  of  bronze  and  other  alloys  of  copper 
(except  brass),  lacquered  or  not,  entire 
or  in  parts,  weigbing  more  than  1 
pound  each. 

2.  Articles  of  bronze  and  other  allovs  of  copper 
(except  brass),  oxidized,  gilt  or  sil- 
vered;  all  articles  of  base  metals, 
gilt  or  ^ilvered,  weigbing  mora  than 
1  pound  each ;  and  plated  silver  of 
every  kind. 

8.  Articles  of  bronze  and  other  alloys  of  copper 
(except  brass) ;  also  of  common  metals, 

rilt  and  silvered,  weighing  less  than 
pound  each. 
iin     IfannfJMtares  of  com>er  and  brass  (except  those 

specially  mentioned,  see  §§  108,  175), 
as  well  as  all  domestic  utensils  of 
copper  and  brass,  in  combination 
witn  wood,  iron,  tin  plate,  leather,  Sec. 


Rnaslan. 


6     kopecks    per 

pound. 
f  kopeck  per  ver- 

shok. 

1  kopeck  per  ver- 
shok. 

1^  kopeck  per  ver- 
shok. 

2  kopecks  perver- 
shok. 

2^    kopecks    per 

versDok. 
2}    kopecks    per 

versnok. 
2|    kopeks    per 

versnok. 
88  roubles  per  piece 


36  roubles  80  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 

2  roubles  42  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 

18  roubles  15  ko- 
pe<^ks  per  pound. 
6  roubles  perpound 


1   rouble    20   ko- 
pecks per  pound. 

13  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

22  roubles  per  pood 


44  roubles  per  pood 


3  roubles  80   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


English  equivalent!. 


2^  per  pound. 
.  162(1.  per  inch. 
.  217d.  per  inch. 
.  825d.  per  inch. 
.  484d.  per  inch. 
.  488d.  pet  inch. 
.  542dL  per  inch. 
.  S07d.  per  inch. 
£5U.ikLpn  piece. 


£6  It.  per  poimd. 

Si.  6d.  per  iMund. 

£Z  3a.  fid.  per  pound. 
£1 1«.  per  pound. 

4*.  ^d,  per  pound. 

M  Qt.  3d,  i>er  owt. 

£10 16t.  2d.  per  cwt. 


£21 12t.  id.  per  owt. 


£1 12f.  5d.  per  owt. 


248 


TARIFFS   OF   THK   SEVERAL   COUNTRIEa 


Part  I. — Import  duUeB — Con  tinned. 


182 


168 


184 


186 


186 


187 


168 


160 


170 


Xn.— Metalb,  WBOUOHT-'CoDtinQed. 

CMt-tron  work: 

L  Iron  OMtings  without  any  finish,  tnoh  as  fire 
bars,  plates,  pipes,  beams,  pillars,  and 
oast  iron  appartenanoes  for  railways. 

2.  All  ntensils  of  cast  iron,  enameled 


8.  Artioles  of  cast  iron,  tamed,  polished,  filed, 

bronsed,  or  ornamented  with  other 

metals,  or  not  ornamented,  or  with 

parts  of  wood,  bronae,  Sm. 

Obs.— Under  article  8  of  this  ^  is  incloded  every 

kind  of  work  in  malleable  iron. 

Iron  and  ateel  smith's  work,  wronght  or  oast,  filed 
or  not  filed  along  the  edges  or  rin^ 
but  not  finished  off  or  polished,  snoh 
as  anchors,  nails,  hooks,  bells,  mor* 
tars,  and  all  appurtenances  for  rail- 
ways and  their  rolling-stock. 

Iron  and  ateel  work  in  boiler-making ;  boilers,  res- 
ervoirs, cisterns,  boxes,  bridges, 
pipes,  and  all  work  in  sheet  iron  ana 
steel  except  that  mentioned  specially 
in  6  96  and  §  168. 

Iron  and  ateel  articles  (except  those  specially  men- 
tioned), tomed,  polishea,  filed,  fitted 
bronzed,  or  worked  with  parts  and 
omunents  of  wood,  copper  and 
bronse,  or  without  these,  if  the 
weight  or  piece  is — 

Over  5  pounds  (Ross) *  — 

Under  0  pounds  (Russ) 


a. 
b. 


Mannflictures  of  tin : 

1.  All  tin  articles,  or  articles  of  sheet  iron,  en- 

ameleU,  tinned,  covered  with  sine  or 
other  common  metal  (see  §  164). 

2.  The  above  articles  covered  with  gilding,  paint- 

ing, and  other  ornaments. 
Wire: 

1.  Steel  or  iron,  of  ^inch  diameter  or  less ■ 


2.  Copper,  brass,  and  wire  of  all  metallio  alloys, 
less  than  h  inch  In  diameter,  tinnedor 
not  tinned,  covered  with  sine  (galvan- 
ised), or  with  other  metals  (except 
there  in  §  168) ,  wire  nails,  pegs  for 
pianofortefi.  and  metullio  wires,  to- 
gether with  the  weight  of  the  reels 
on  which  they  are  wound ;  also  wire- 
rigging  and  submarine  wire  cable. 
Manufkotores  of  wire,  and  wire  covered  with  osout- 
chouc,  cotton,  silk,  or  other  thread: 
frames  for  umbrelhis  or  parasols,  ana 
bird-cages  of  wire: 

1.  Ironand steel ■ 


2.  Copper  or  brass. 


Needles  of  steel  and  iron : 

1.  Sewing  and  all  other  needles,  except  those 

named  below. 

2.  Knitting,  packing,  and  threading,  saddlers*, 

and  for  harness  and  sail-makera. 
Cntlexy: 

L  Set  in  common  materials,  also  scissors,  t  weeaers, 
shears,  and  knife-blades,  except  sheepi> 
shears,  flttished  and  not  finished. 

2.  Set  in  plated  silver  and  other  metallic  compo- 
sitions, in  ivory  and  bone,  in  tortoise- 
shell,  mother-of-pearl,  and  in  common 
materials,  but  with  omunents  of 
bronze,  gold,  silver,  ivory,  bone,  tor- 
toise-shell, and  mother-ot-pearL 

8.  Peasants'  pocket-knives,  set  in  metals  or  in 

other  cheap  materials. 
Obs.— Cutlery,  set  in  gold,  silver,  or  platinnm, 
X»ay8  under  ^  159. 


66    kopecks 
pood. 


per 


88 


kopecks    per 
pood. 
1   rouble    10  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


88    kopeoks   per 
pood. 


1  rouble  10   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


...do 

2  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

2  roubles  75  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

5  roubles  50  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

1  rouble  10  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

1  rouble  6d  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


2  roubles  75  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

8  roubles  80  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

55    kopecks    per 

pound. 
80    kopeoks    per 

pound. 

18  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

26  roubles  40  ko- 
peoks per  pood. 


6  roubles  60  ko- 
X>eck8  per  pood. 


Kngliah  egniratonta^ 


Si.  5d.  per  owt. 

8f.5d.per  owt. 
lOc  OdL  per  owl. 


8«.  Sd;.  per  owt. 


10*.  Od.  per  owt. 


Da 
£1 U.  7d.  per  cwt. 

£1 7a.  per  cwt. 

£2 14«.  IcL  per  owt. 

10«.  Od.  per  owt» 
16t.  2d.  per  cwt. 


£1 7«.  per  cwt 
£112t.5d.perewl 

U.  lid.  per  pound, 
la.  per  ponnd. 

£8  Oc  8d.  i>er  owt 

£1219t.8d.perowt 


£8  5i.  per  owt. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COnKTRIRS. 


24^ 


Part  I. — Import  dut(e$ — Contioned. 


a 


!l 


171 

172 

178 
174 

176 


170 

177 
178 


170 
180 


Articles. 


XH.— liVTALA,  WBOUOHT-Continned. 

Swords,  daggers,  sword-blades  and  other  blades  for 
side-arms ;  flro-arms  (air-guns  are  pro- 
hibited) and  all  apporlenances. 
0b8.— Fire  arms  imported  in  boxes  and  cases  with 

fittings  pay  dnty  inclasive  of  weight  of  these. 

Scythes  and  sickles  of  every  kincT,  knives  for  chaff- 
catters,  mowers,  sheep-tthears,  spades, 
shovels,  rakes,  piok-azts,  and  pitch- 
forks. 

Tools  used  in  the  arts,  trades,  fnctorios,  mills,  and 
works  of  all  kinds. 

Type  for  pxlnters,'  maoices  for  casUng  type,  metallic 
and  wooden  blocks,  and  ail  forms  for 
typographies. 

Machinery  and  apparatus ;  also  models  (except  ag- 
ricoitiiral,  see  §  85) : 

1.  Copper  or  brass  machinery  or  apparatus ;  also 

copi>er  or  brass  parts  and  fittings  of 
every  khid  of  machinery. 

2.  Portable  engmes,  tenders,  steam  fire-engines 

ana  other  appliaoces  against  fire;  also 
all  manufacturing  machinery  and  ap- 
paratus (not  specially  mentioned)  of 
cast  or  wrougnt  iron  or  steeL  with 
X»arts  made  of  other  materials  or  with 
out  such  parts. 
8.  Looomotives 


wDoplicate  parts  of  machinery  and  apparatus, 
Iso  inaispensable  fittings  thereof  imported  to- 


0B8. 

and  also 

S ether  with  tbem,  are  admitted  at  same  rates  of 
uty.    Those  parts  imported  separately  pay  duly 
according  to  the  paragraphs  deaung  with  them. 
Articles  of  tin,  kidc,  or  Brittania  metal : 

1.  Unpolished  and  not  painted 


2.  Polished  and  painted 


Lead,  worked,  except  articles  specially  mentioned 
(§  101),  shot  and  articles  of  type-metal 
(composition  of  lead  and  antimony). 

White  and  yellow  tinsel  in  books,  together  with  the 
weight  of  the  books,  and  foil  of  every 
kind. 

XUL—MAKUFACTUBxa  OP  Wood,  Ikdia  Subbeb, 
Pafbb  akd  Stbaw. 

Corkwood,  worked,  such  as  corks,  bungs,  &o  


Joiners  and  turners*  work : 

1.  Of  common  wood,  not  varnished,  not  polished, 

and  without  applications  or  veneer, 
including  bird  cages  of  wood  and 
wooden  pegs  for  boots. 
Obb. — Small  turned  articles  of  wood  weighing  less 

than  one  pound  each  pay  under  Article  2  of  this 

section. 

2.  The  same  polished,  varnished,  with  applica- 

tions or  veneer,  gilt,  silvered,  or  with 
gilt  or  silvered  ornaments. 
CBS.— Furniture,  dutiable  under  Articles  1  and  2 
of  this  section,  covered  with  leather  or  any  woven 
material,  pays  25  per  cent  nbove  the  duties  named. 
8.  The  same,  with  ornaments  of  bronze  and  other 
materials,  with  incrustations  of  wood, 
copper,  steel,  mother-of-pearl,  ivory, 
tortoise-shell,  &.C.,  excepting  articles 
weighing  less  than  3  pounds,  which 
are  admitted  under  section  227. 
QMS.  0B8.— Handles,  rings,  legs,  rollers,  &c.,  are 
not  considered  as  bronze  ornaments. 


Bostian. 


20  roubles  per  pood 


66    kopecks    per 


>  Kopeo 
pood. 


88  kopeoks  per 

pood. 
88  kopeoks  per 

pood. 


1  rouble  66    ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

00    kopecks    per 
pood. 


1   rouble  40    ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


1  rouble   10   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

2  roubles  7o  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

88    kopecks    per 
pood. 

17    kopeoks    per 
pound. 


2   roables  20  ko- 
pecks pood. 

80    kopecks    per 
pood. 


1    rouble  20  ko- 
I>ecks  per  pood. 


0  roubles  60  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


English  eqnivalenta.. 


£016t.6d.perowt. 

U,  5d.  per  cwt 

S».  6d.  per  owl 
8f .  8d.  per  owt. 

16t.  Id.  per  owt. 
8§.  lOd.  per  owt. 


ISt.  8d.  per  owl. 


lOt.  Od.  per  owt.. 
£1 7«.  per  owl 
8s.  6d.  per  owl. 

7d.  per  pound. 


£1 U.  7d.  per  owi. 


2t.  lid.  per  cwt. 


lU.  Od  per  cwt^ 


£Z  6«.  per  owt. 


\ 


250 


TAKirPS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Pabt  I. — Import  duties— Continned, 


iSl 


182 


183 


184 


185 

186 


Articles. 


XIII.— Hakufacturss  of  Wood,  &c.— Continued. 

Carving  in  wood  of  all  kinda,  including  frames,  with- 
out mirrora  or  pictures. 
Ob8.  1. — The  aome  duty  ia  levied  on  artlclea  of 
felt,  oakum,  papier-mach6  and  carton-pieire,  having 
the  appearance  of  carvors'  or  turnen'  work  in  wood 
(similar  work,  not  painted  or  polished,  cleared  by 
§  183,  Article  7. 

Ob0.  2. — Frames,  with  mirrors  and  pictures,  if  such 
cannot  be  weighed  separately,  nay  22  kopecks  per 
arshin,  reckoning  part  of  an  ai-snin  as  a  whole  one. 
India  rubber,  or  caoutchouc,  and   gUtta  percha, 
worked : 

1.  Articles  of  India  rubber  ond  gutta  percha 

without  admixture  of  other  materials. 

2.  The  same,  with  admixture  of  other  materials, 

except  those  below  mentioned. 

3.  Tisanes  of  India  rubber  thread,  covered  with 

other  materials;  manufactures  of 
such  tissues,  and  all  ready-made 
clothes  of  Ind^a  rubber. 

4.  Boots  and  shoes  of  India  rubber  and  of  gutta- 

percha, whether  in  combination  or 
not  with  leather,  See, 
Paper: 

jL  Unsized  of  every  kind,  white  snd  colored,  with- 
out ornament  s ;  also  if  ruled  for  music, 
and  paper  fur  embroidery,  without 
patterns ;  i  nd  card-board,  glazed. 

2.  Sized  paper  of  every  kind,  white  and  colored, 
without  omamentH;  also  paper  and 
transparent  cotton  tissues  for  tracing. 

8.  Paper-hangings,  and  borders  for  the  same  . . 

4.  Paper  for  writing  and  piintinff  of  every  kind, 
with  ornaments,  such  as  gilding,  sil- 
vering, embossed,  borders,  crests, 
cyphers,  pictures,  &g.  ;  also  envel- 
opes, lamp-shades  (paper),  and  arti- 
ficial flowers. 

6.  Paper  for  cigarettes,  tissue  psper ;  also  paper 
with  omamenfi^  and  drawings  for 
printers,  booh-brndern,  nnil  confec- 
tioners* work;  sheets  with  pictures 
fur  toys;  paper  fur  embroidery  with 
patterns,  colored  and  not  colured. 

6.  Office  an(i  copying-books,  bound  or  not,  and  all 

kind's  of  bookbinder's  work,  except 
such  as  come  under  §  227. 

7.  Pasteboard,  in  sheets  and  roils  (except  that 

mentioned  in  Articles  1  and  8  of  this 
section),  paper  bobbins  for  winding 
silk,  osphult  for  roofing, paper  covered 
with  tar  on  one  side,  and  lur  destruc- 
tion of  insects ;  also  articles  of  pupicr- 
mach6  and  carton-pierre,  not  polished 
nor  painted. 

8.  Wood  pulp,  prensed  in  sheets,   net  worlled, 

papier-macbd  aud  carton-pierre,  not 
worked. 
Ob8. — Articles  of  papier-mach6  and  carton-pierre, 
lacquered  and  polisned,  pay  under  §181;  but  when 
ornamented  with  various  materials,  under  §  227. 
AH  articles  of  straw  or  of  wood-shavings  (chip), 
mixed  or  not  with  horse-hair,  silk, 
cotton,  flax,  or  hemp  (except  hats  of 
straw  or  of  shavings,  §  223). 

Xnr.— Makufacturks  of  Haiu,  Leatbkr,  Etc. 


Human  hair,  worked 


Horse-hair  and  bristles,  worked ;  all  tissues  of  horse- 
hair, sieves  of  hor»-e-hair,  articles  in 
bristles  set  in  wood,  without  veneer, 
brushes  of  bristles,  and  paint-brushes. 
Ob8.— Shaving-brushes  and  all  articles  in  bristles, 

set  in  various  other  materials,  pay  under  §  227. 


Russian. 


4  roables  16  ko- 
pecks  per  pood. 


3  roubles  65  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

6  roubles  6U  ko- 
pecks  per  pood. 

24  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


11  roubles  per  pood 


2  roubles  20   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

3  roubles   80  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

5  roubles  per  pood. 
8  roubles  80  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


6  roubles  CO   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


12  roubles  10  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

50    kopecks    i>er 
pood. 


22    kopecks    per 
pood. 


88     kopecks  per 
pound. 


66  kopecks  per 
pound. 

2  roubles  44  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


English  equivalsBtB. 


Jtl  16s.  lUL  per  cwt. 


£1 12«.  9d,  per  ewt. 
£8  6cpercwt. 
£1117«.9(Lper«wt 

£6  7«.  9d.  per  owt. 

£1  It,  Id.  per  ewt. 

£1  I2t.  6cL  per  owt. 


£2  ld«.  2d.  per  owt. 
£4  6t.  per  owt. 


£8  6*.  per  owt. 


£5  18i.  Sd.  per  owt. 


4«ll<Lpercwt. 


2m.  2cL  per  owt. 


3«.  Id  per  pound. 


2t.  3d.  per  pound. 
£14t.perowt. 


TARIFFS   OF   TUB   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


251 


Part  I. — Import  dvHet^Coniinm  d. 


U 


187 


188 


180 


190 

191 
192 

193 

194 

196 
196 


197 
196 


Articles. 


XIY.— Kahufactubes  of  Haib,  dec— Continoed. 

Leather  goods: 

1.  Boots  and  shoes  of  every  kind,  except  of  caoat- 

choac,  and  except  ladies'  shoes  of 
silk  tissues. 

2.  Ladies'  boots  and  shoes  of  silk  tissues,  ready> 

made  or  partly  finished. 

3.  Glomes  of  leather  of  all  kinds  (except  fencing- 

gloves,  see  bolow),  and  all  articles  of 
chamois  leathcrand  kid,  except  boots, 
shoes,  or  snrsical  appliances  (§233). 
Ob0. — Oloves,  cat  out  bni  not  stitched,  pay  half 
dntT. 

4.  Harness  and  appurtenances;  saddlery,  port- 

manteaux, traveling  bags,  aiiicles  of 
leather  used  by  spottsmen,  nnd  soch 
like  articles:  ooxing-gloves,  books, 
and  portfolios  of  leather;  and  gene* 
rally  all  manufactures  of  leather  not 
specially  mentioned. 

XY.— Maxufactures,  Wovkn,  Plaitbd,  axd 

KHITTED. 

Cables,  rope,  and  twine  of  hemp,  flox,  tow,  New  Zea- 
land flax,  and  otner  fibers,  tamsd  and 
not  tarred ;  also  flsbiug  nets. 
Ob8. — Bope,  twine,  dec,  with  a<lmncture  of  silk, 

wool,  silk- waste,  or  cotton,  pays  as  galloons,  braids. 

Sec.,  according  to  material. 

Linen  and  batiste : 

1.  Linen,  coarse  and  bleached,  hempen  and  flaxen, 

either  pureormixed  with  cotton,  with 
the  oxception  of  specially  not(>d. 

2.  Batiste  and  lawn,  pure  or  mixed  with  cotton  . . 
0b8. — Linen  and  batiste,  dyed,  prints,  strip<^  linen, 

and  pocket-handkerchiefs  uf  linen  or  batiste,  pay 
the  same  duty,  with  addition  of  20  per  cent.    All  ker- 
chieft with  ornaments  sewn  on,  or  printed,  or  with 
lace  sewn  round,  pay  duty  under  §  219,  Article  2. 
Flax  and  hemp  tissaen,  twilled  or  with  woven  pat- 
terns, mixed  or  not  mixed  with  cotton, 
such  as  table-linen  and  towels  of  every 
description. 
Drills  of  every  kind 


Sail-cloth,  ticking  for  bedding  and  for  f  arniturc,  car- 
pet t-extures  of  flax  nnd  hempen  tis- 
sues, mixed  or  not  mixed  with  cotton. 

Flax  and  hemp  knitted  and  plnited  goods  (hosiery), 
except  galloon  and  braids  (213),  but- 
tons (22U),  not  (214),  and  lace  (215). 

Wax  and  oil-cloth  of  every  kind  (except  of  silk  200) 
and  manuincturcH  of  the  same:  also 
canvas  with   prepared   ground    for 

E aiming,  hemp  hose  for  nie  en^^ines, 
empen  buckets,  and  tarpaulin. 

Bags  of  Jute  or  linen  and  other  coarse  maU^i  ial  for 
bags  and  packing. 
0b8. — Matting,  stair-matting,  &c.,  of  hemp,  Jute, 

or  manilla,  See,  come  under  thi.'t  heading,  but  pay 

50  per  cent,  more  duty,  i.  e.,3  roubles. 

Stuffs,  scarfi,  shawls,  handkerchiefs,  and  ribbons  of 
pure  silk,  as  well  as  of  silk  waste, 
without  admixture  of  cotton,  wool,  or 
such  like  materials,  including  fou- 
lards, plain,  dyed  in  the  warp ;  velvet, 
plush,  chenilla  of  pure  or  mixed  silk, 
and  ribbons  of  the  same;  also  silk 
gauze  for  selves. 

Foulards,  printed  in  the  cloth,  in  pieces  or  as  hand- 
kerchiefs. 

Stuffs,  scarfs,  shawls,ribbon8.  dec, of  mixed  silk  (with 
warp  or  woof  of  any  other  material) 
as  well  as  of  bourre  de  sole  with  mix* 
tore  of  cotton,  Bax,  bemp,  &c. 


Bossian. 


English  equivalents. 


80    kopecks    per 
pound. 

1  rouble   20   ko- 
pecks per  pound. 

2  roubles  44  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 


45    kppecks'   i>er 
pound. 


44    kopecks    per 
pood. 


70    kopecks    per 
pound. 

1   rouble  50    ko- 
peeks  per  poOnd. 


70    kopecks    per 
pound. 


50    kopecks    per 

pound. 
17    kopeck:*    per 

pound. 

55    kopecks    per 
pound. 

12    kopecks     per 
pound. 


2  roubles  per  pood. 


5  roubles  50  ko- 
pecks per  pound 


3  roubles  30  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 

2  roubles  44  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 


2s.  Id.  per  pound. 

4t.  2d.  per  pound. 
Si.  Id,  per  pound. 


U.  Id,  per  pound. 


ia.  id.  per  owt. 


2a.  Od.  per  pound. 
5«.  M.  per  ponnd. 


2t.  M.  per  iMund. 

U.  9d.  per  XMund. 
Id.  per  pound. 

5i.  5d.  per  pound. 

5d.  per  pound. 

19*.  8d  per  cwt. 

19».  id.  per  pound. 


ll«.Od.periM>und. 
Si.  Od.  per  pound. 


\ 


252 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVBRAL   COUNTBIES. 


Part  I. — Impart  duHe9 — Continaed. 


190 


206 
201 

203 


204 
205 


206 


207 
208 
200 


210 


211 


Articles. 


XV.— Hahufactubu,  Wovxk,  &c.— Continued. 

C^alloon  Mid  gimp  trimmings  of  nnre  or  mixed  silk ; 
mannfkotnres  of  nlk,  knitted  or  plsit- 
ed ;  Btookings  (boiserv),  with  or  with* 
oat  admixtare  of  other  ntaffs,  or  of 
bagles  and  beads,  with  the  exception 
of  battons  (220)  of  net  (214),  and  of 
lace  (215) ;  also  silk  canvas. 

Wax  and  oil  cloth  of  silk 

Woolen  blankets  and  horse-cloths 


Woolen  stnib  of  combed  wool  or  goat's  hair,  plain, 
woTcn  of  varions  colors  and  (moroid- 
ered,  with  or  without  admixtare  of 
cotton,  except  those  speciall^^  men- 
tioned in  §  2()1  and  §6  204-207. 

The  same  printed,  pay  duty  under  $  202,  with  30  per 
cent  additionaL 
OXN.  Ob8-  to  §§  202  and  203. 

1.  UnmiUed  staffs  of  combed  wool  or  goat's  hair, 

having  a  woof  or  warp  of  silk  or  silk 
waste,  pay  as  silk  goo<ls ;  but  if  the 
admixture  of  silk  consists  only  of  pat- 
terns or  stripes  woven  in,  or  embroid- 
ered, such  goods  pay  20  per  cent  in 
addition  to  the  duty  in  §  202  and  §  203. 

2.  Handkerchiefs,   scarfs,  counterpanes,  plaids, 

drc,  of  unmilled  toxtoresof  combed 
wool  or  goat's  hair,  except  those  spe- 
cially mentioned  in  6  205,  pay  the  same 
duty  as  the  material  of  which  they  are 
made. 

Bunting,  white  woolen  st-uffs  for  m  tiler's  sieves,  and 
satthes  of  wool  of  every  kind,  withoat 
admixture  of  silk. 

Shawls  handkerchiois,  sashes,  and  scarfs,  Turkish  or 
cashmere,  also  French  teino  and  half 
temo,  as  well  as  detached  borders, 
edges,  and  other  similar  stuffs,  of  pure 
wool,  or  mixed  with  cotton,  silk,  or 
bourre  de  suie. 

Unmilled  woolen  stufiJs  for  use  in  manufactories, 
bags  for  oil-pressing,  for  sugar  bakers, 
&c. ;  cloths  of  peculiar  make  for  fac- 
tories, (loth  list  aud  all  kinds  of  felt, 
not  dyed,  dyed  and  printed. 

Woolen  carpets  of  every  kind 

Feses  or  Turkish  caps  of  wool,  embroidered  or  not 

with  spangles. 
Woolen  galloon  o^  braid,  plaited  and  knitted  goods 
of  every  kind  (hosiery) ;  gloves,  stock- 
ings, tapes,  and  ribbons  of  pure  wool 
or  mixed  with  hemp,  flax  or  cotton, 
excepting  buttons  (§  22U)  and  lace 
(§  216). 
Obs.— Galloon,  braid,  and  hosiery  of  wool  contain- 
ing a  mixture  of  silk  in  the  form  of  ornaments  pay 
20  per  cent,  in  addition  to  the  duty  under  the  pres- 
ent section. 

Cotton  tissues,  gray,  bleached,  dyed  (except  those 
dyed  Turkey  red)  and  woven,  of  vari- 
ous colors : 

1.  Having  np  to  8  sauare  arshins  to  a  poand  (0,272 

square  inches). 

2.  Qaving  8  to  12  square  arshins  to  a  pound  (6,272- 

0.408  square  iuQhes). 
8.  Having  12  to  16  square  arshins  to  a  pound  (0,408- 

12,554  square  inches).  ^ 

4.  Having  more  than  16  square  arshins  to  a  pound 

(12.514  square  inches.) 
The  same,  printed  or  dyed  Turkey  red : 

1.  Having  up  to  8  square  arshins  to  a  i)ound  (6,272 

square  inches). 

2.  Having  8  to  12  square  arshins  to  a  pound  (6,272- 

9,400  square  inches.) 


Bnasian. 


1  rouble  10  kopecks 
per  pound. 


...do 

44  kopecks  per 

pound. 
00  kopecks  per 

poond. 


26    kopecks    per 
pound. 

3  roables  SO  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 


TCngUsh  egnimlcntn. 


8f.  lOd.  per  pound. 


Bo. 
It.  Od.  per  poond. 

8t.  2d.  per  poond. 


lid.  per  pound. 


lU.  6d.  per  poand. 


11    kopecks    per    4d.  per  pound, 
pound. 


36    kopecks    per 

pound. 
2  roubles  per  dozen 

56    kopecks    per 
pound. 


31    kopecks    per 

pound. 
42    kopecks    per 

poand. 
55    kopecks    per 

potmd. 
1  rouble  20  kopecks 

pound. 

55  kopecks  per 

per  pound. 
66  kopecks  per. 

pound. 


U.  Zd,  per  pound. 

7«.  per  dosen. 

It.  lid.  per  p  nnd. 


It.  Id.  per  poond. 
1«.  6d.  per  poond. 
It.  lid.  per  pound. 
4«.  2d.  per  poond. 

It.  lid.  per  pound. 
2t.  3d,  'per  pound. 


TABIFF8   OF  THE   SEVERAL   C0UNTBIE8. 


253 


Part  I.— Imparl  duiicB — Con  tinned. 


^12 
213 


214 


215 
216 


217 


218 


219 


XV.— Makufactubes,  Woven,  dcc—Continofid. 

Cotton  tissaea.  printed  or  dyed  Turkey  red — Cont*d. 

3.  Having  12-16  square  arshins  to  a  pound  (9,408- 

12,544  sqnare  inches). 

4.  Having  more  than  16  arshins  to  a  pound  (12,544 

sqnare  inches). 
Ob8 — Cotton  tissues  of  every  kind  with  orna- 
ments of  straw,  gold,  silver,  tinsel,  or  other  material, 
and  if  cat  ont  tor  ladies*  drosses  (coupons  de  robes), 
pay  under  Article  4  of  this  §. 
Cotton  velvet,  plush,  and  plush  ribbons , 


Cotton  galloon,  or  braid  and  plaited  or  knitted  goods 
of  every  kind  (hosiery),  chenilla,  and 
chenUla  goods ;  cotton  canvas,  with> 
out  embroidery  commenced   on   it, 
with  exception  of  buttons  (§  220),  of 
net  (214)  and  of  laoe  (215). 
Obb.— Galloon  work  of  flax  or  hemp  pays  duty  un- 
der thia  xtaraeraph. 
Tulle  (net)  or  every  kind : 

L  For  fomiture  (antigrasor  antimacassars),  with 
patterns  woven  in  or  embroidered, 
and  curtains  of  net  or  muslin. 
2.  TuUe  (net)  of  every  kind,  except  that  above 
mentioned,  in  the  piece,  plain  and  fig- 
ured with  patterns  (woven  in  or  em- 
broidered), for  ladies'  dresses. 
Leoe  <of  every  kind,  of  cotton,  flax,  hemp,  wool,  or 

silk  (blonde). 
Pure  oottOD  textures.  Turkish,  such  as  borla,  kin* 
diak,    basma,    kumatch,    charshaw, 
chember,  and   other  coarse    cotton 
stofb,  as'well  aa  Turkish  towels  and 
aashes.chember  handkerchief,  pashte- 
mjli  and  manidj  ala^a,  common,  and 
articles  made  of  such  stuffs. 
Cotton  textures  mixed  with  silk,  such  as  sham, 
aladja,  munidj  aladja,  with  mixture 
of  silk,  gh6z6,   gherroesind,    kutnia 
sashes,  and  pashtemali,  half  or  whole 
silk ;  also  articles  of  these  stufb  of 
Turkish  origin. 
Cotton  and  half-silk  goods  of  Turkish  origin,  iuter- 
woven  with  gold,  silver,  ortnisel,  with 
Asiatic  pattei-ns. 
0b8.— §{^  216-218.     These   duties   are   when  im- 
ported by  ports  of  Black  and  Azoff  Seae.    All  other 
cotton,  sOk,  or  mixed  goods  of  Turkish  origin,  not 
specially  named;    also    testcmal   muslin,   printed 
handkerchiefs,  pay  the  same  duty  as  goods  of  Euro- 
pean  origin. 

XVI.— Varicub  Manufactubks. 

Beady-made  clothing: 

L  All  ready-macie  clothing,  except  that  men- 
tioned below  and  in  $$  189  and  190. 

2.  Clothing  of  linen  and  batiste,  and  all  kinds 
with  lace  sewn  round  or  upon ;  also 
all  embroideries  (except  ^hand-made 
lace,  $  215). 

8.  Men's  clothing,  except  such  as  is  of  velvet, 
velveteen,  or  other  silk  and  half-silk 
textures. 

4.  Dreaaea  of  cloth  or  woolen  atufb,  with  fit* 
thags  or  quite  plain. 

6.  Clothing  of  all  descriptions,  of  velvet,  velvet- 

een, and  silk  or  mixed  stufla,  with  or 
without  parts  eewn  on  of  other  mate- 
rials; also  all  clothing  of  which  the 
principal  pait  is  woven  texture. 
0.  Dreaaea  and  other  reminine  attire  (except  those 
mentioned  above), without  ornaments, 
such  as  are  noted  below. 

7.  The  same,  with  ornaments  bf  ribbona.  velvet, 

dlk  cords,  &.C.,  feathers,  /or,   em- 
hroidery,  and  laoe. 


88  kopeoka  per 
pound. 

1  rouble  82  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 


50    kopecks    per 

pound. 
40    kopecks    per 

pound. 


45    kopeoka    per 
pound. 

2  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 


8  roubles  80  ko- 
pecks per  pound. 

6  kopecks  per 
pound. 


06    kopecks    per 
pound. 


1  rouble    65  ko- 
pecka  per  pound. 


1  rouble   50    ko- 
pecks per  pound. 

2  roubles  per  pound 


1  rouble  80    ko- 
pecks per  pound. 

2  roubles  perpound 
7  roubles  per  pound 


2  roubles  25  ko- 
]>eoka  per  pound. 

8  roubles  50  ko- 
pecks perpound. 


English  equivalenta. 


8«.11<L  per  pound. 
4f .  6d.  i»er  pound. 


If.  9cl.  per  pound. 
\m.  5<i.  per  pound. 


It,  Id.  per  pound. 
79. 9d.  per  pound. 

1«.  Id.  per  pound. 
2d.  per  pound. 


2f .  tyu  P^f  pound. 


6t.  9d.  per  pound. 


\ 


5«.  8d.  per  pound. 
7«.  per  pound. 

it.  6d.  per  pound. 

It,  per  pound. 

£1  it.  6d.  per  pound. 

7«.  lid.  per  pound. 


254 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Part  I. — Import  daiies — Continued. 


210 


220 


221 


222 


223 


224 


226 


Articles. 


XYL— Yabious  MAKUFACTURsa— Continaed. 

Ready-made  clothing — Continued. 

8.  Women's  hats  and  other  head-dresses,  with 
ornaments  of  ribbons,  flowers,  feath- 
ers, &.C. 

Obs.  1.— Fnr  sawn  up,  or  fur  clothing,  not  cov- 
ered with  cloth,  Sec,  pay  duty  nndei  §  85,  according 
to  the  kind  of  fur,  with  the  addition  of  50  per  cent, 
to  the  duty.  Fur  clotbinj;,  coveiisd  with  some  cloth 
or  other,  also  fur  caps,  pay  duty  thus :  Men's  caps, 
ooTered  with  cloth,  under* Article  3  of  this  section, 
and  women's  hats,  under  Article  4 ;  if  covered  with 
velvet,  silk,  &.C.,  under  Article  5 :  with  a  deductiim 
of  50  per  cent,  off  /soods  under  lliis  last  article. 

0b8.  2.— Counterpanes,  curtains,  blinds,  and  such 
like,  hemmed  and  quilted,  pay  duty  on  the  principal 
material  used  in  the  making. 
Buttons : 

1.  Of  bron7.e  or  metal,  excepting  gold,  silver,  or 

platinum  (j  159). 

2.  Of  flax,  cotton,  wool,  or  silk  of  every  kind  — 

8.  Of  porcelain,  glass,  mother  of  pearl,  wood, 
bone,  and  all  other  buttons. 
Ostrich  feathers,  marabout  feathers,feathen  of  birds 
of  paradise,  military  plumes,  plumes 
of  every  kind  for  hats  for  men  and 
women  (bonnets),  and  artificial  flow- 
era,  excepting  ofpaper  (183,  Article  4), 
or  of  leather  (187,  Article  4),  together 
with  the  weight  of  the  pasteboard 
boxes. 
Ob8. — The  component  parts  of  artificial  flowers, 
not  put  together,  pav  hair  the  above  rate. 
Bugles  and  beads  of  glass  or  metal : 

1.  On  strings  and  not  worked  up  


2.  In  articles  of  various  kinds  and  set . 


Hats  (bonnets)  and  caps : 

L  fiats  of  down,  hslf  down,  silk,  or  felt 

2.  Hats  (bonnets),  of  leather,  lacquered,  of  wood 

chip,  of  wood  bark,  common  and  white 
(rice  straw),  of  printed  pasteboard,  in 
imitation  of  Italian  straw,  of  cotton 
and  hemp  tape,  of  the  fiber  of  the  palm 
tree,  and  such  like  vegetable  sub- 
stances ;  except  hats  of  fUraw  mixed 
ornot  mixed  with  silk  or  other  yam, 
without  ribbons,  feathers,  or  flowers. 

3.  Hats  and  bonnr  ts  of  straw,  not  trimmed,  with- 

out ribbons,  feathers,  or  flowers. 
Ob8. — Hats  and  bonnets  of  straw  and  of  any  other 
material,  when  trimmed  with  ribbons,  feathers,  or 
flow6rs,  pay  under  §  219,  Article  8. 

4^  Caps  of  every  kind  without  fur.    (Caps  with 

fur  pny  under  5  I'lO.) 
6.  Common  peasants'  hats  (of  felted  lamb's  wool) 
and  caps,  trimmed,  or  not,  with  lamb- 
skin ;  imported  overland. 
Umbrellas   and   parasolR,  and  walking-sticks  with 
umbrellas : 
L  Hen's  umbrellas,  covpred  with  silk,  and  ladies' 
umbrellas of8ilk,doul>le(  with  lining). 

2.  Mep's  umbrella**  covered  with  woolen  stufTs 

and  ladies' umbrellas  of  silk  without 
lining,  and  of  wool. 

3.  All  other  umbrelhis  and  parasols,  except  the 

above  mentioned,  covered  or  not. 
Cosmetics: 

L  Aromatic  spirituous  watt^rs:  eau  de  cologne, 

eau  deA  Alpes,  Hungary  water,  and 

eau  de  Melisse. 
2.  Scents,  toilet  vinegar,  and  perfumed  waters  of 

every  kind,  except  those  gientioucd 

above  and  in  §  150 ;  also  pomatum  of 

every  kind. 


Bnasian. 


15     roubles    per 
pound. 


55    kopecks    per 

pound. 
33    kopecks    per 

pound. 
17   kopecks    per 

pound. 
6  roubles  60-  ko> 

pecks  per  pound. 


English  equlTalents. 


£2 12*.  6d.  perponnd. 


U.  lid,  per  pound. 
1«.  per  i>oimd. 
7d»  per  pound. 
£1 8«.  Id.  per  pound. 


1  rouble  80  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

37  kopecks  per 
pound. 

« 

1  rouble  per  piece. 
1    rouble  4S  ko- 
pecks perponnd. 


3  roubles  65  ko- 
pecks pe  r  pound. 


40    kopecks    per 

piece. 
17    kopecks    per 

piece. 


I  rouble   65   ko- 
pecks per  piece. 

66    kopecks    per 
piece. 

33    kopecks    per 
piece. 

II  roubles     per 

IKM>d. 

33     roubles     per 

pooil. 


17«.  Id.  per  owl. 
If.  8d.  per  pound. 


Za.  2d.  per  piece. 
St.  Id.  per  pound. 


12s.  lOd.  per  pounds 

iM.  3d.  per  piece. 
6|d.  per  piece. 

St.  Zd.  per  piece.. 
2t.  Id.  per  piece. 

It.  Id.  per  piece^ 

£5  8t.  per  cwt. 

£162t.6d.percwt. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVESAL  COUNTRIES. 


255 


Part  I. — Impart  duties — Continaed. 


225 


227 


228 
229 


230 


231 


Articles. 


XVI.— Yabious  Haxufactubkb— GoDtinaed. 

Cosmetics — Continued. 

8.  Whitening,  roage,    fkce-powder,  fbmigating 

SBStUs  and  compositions,  tooth  pow- 
er, sachels  of  every  kind,  oil  cos- 
metics and  perfomery  not  specially 
mentioned,  together  with  weight  of 
boxes  and  of  packing. 
Obs. — Cosmetics  imported  under  this  scctitm  in 
vessels  of  cnt  glass  or  porcelain,  with  gilding,  paint- 
ing, metallic  stoppers  or  fastenincs,  and  such  like 
ornaments,  pay  outy  inclusive  of  the  weight  of  such 
vessels. 
Soap: 

1.  Scented  (cosmetic),  either  in  liquid  or  solid 

slate,  or  in  powder. 

2.  Of  every  kind,  except  the  above 

Small  wares  for  the  toilet,  for  stands  (what-nots), 
ornaments  for  the  table,  or  for  walls, 
of  various  materials,  having  an  inde- 
pendent use  or  applicAtioD,  and  not 
specially  mentionea : 

1.  Valuable,    composed    partly  of  aluminium, 

mother  of  x>eail,  coral,  tortoise-shell, 
ivory,  enamel,  porcelain,  amber,  ana 
such  other  valuable  materials,  as  well 
as  of  bronse.  of  orilt  or  silver-plated 
metals,  and  metallic  nllovs. 

2.  Common,  of  horn  and  lone;  likewise  of  every 

material  with  parts,  settings,  or  orna- 
ments of  common  metals  and  alloys, 
of  horn,  bono,  word,  common  stones, 
glass,  meer8(  banm,  whalebone.  Jet, 
and  similur  cheap  sobstances. 
Ob0.  1. — Articles  of  which  gold,  silver,  orplatinam 
evidently  forms  tho  principal  value  pay  the  doty  on 
manufactures  of  gola  and  silver. 

Obs.  2. — Wooden  articles  with  ornaments  of  bronze 
and  incrustations,  weighing  more  than  three  pounds 
each,  pay  under  {^  180,  Aiticlo  3;  those  weighing 
under  three  pounds  pay  under  Articles  1  and  2  of 
this  section,  acconling  to  tlio  mntt^ials  tbat  consti- 
tute the  principal  value  ef  the  ornaments  or  incrus- 
tations. 

0b8.  8. — The  coses  in  which  the  above  articles  are 
imported  pay  according  to  the  material  they  are 
made  of. 
Children's  toys  of  every  kind,  children's  cards  with 

the  letters  of  the  alphabet*.  6cc. 
Appurtenances  of  tho  writin;^  taule  aifd  mutoriols 
for  drawing  and  painting  not  other- 
wise mentioned,  Hoch  OS  pencils,  pens 
(inclading  metallic  pens),  penhold- 
ers, wafers,  pencil-cutters,  &o.,  to- 
{ [Other  with  tuo  weight  of  the  boxes 
n  which  they  are  imported. 
Obs.— Gold  and  silver  pencil  cases,  &.o.,  pay  under 
§159. 

Coral,  real,  of  one  piece,  and  also  coral  in  the  moss, 
pierced,  on  strings,  in  chaplets  and 
cut.  but  not  set  in  precious  metals  or 
other  materials. 
Balance  (weights  and  scales)  of  all  kinds,  with 
flttin(>:s. 
Obs.— Decimal  balances,  with  fittings,  weighing 
more  than  3  poods  each  pay  as  machinery  under  ^ 
175,  Article  2. 
Musical  instruments : 

1.  Pianofortes  and  organs  not  portable : 

a.  Clavicorde  and  cottage  pianos  (except 

royals),  pianinos  and  organs  not  poit- 
able,  except  church. 

b,  KoyaJs  and  church  organs 


Bussion. 


18  roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


6  roubles  per  pood, 
gross. 

1  rouble  50  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


1  rouble  20    ko- 
pecks per  pound. 


87    kopecks    psr 
pound. 


. .  ..do 


33    kopecks    per 
pood. 


3  roubles  80  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

2   roubles  20  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


66     roubles     per 
piece. 

110   roubles    per 
piece. 


EngUsh  equivalents. 


iM9t.8diperowt. 


£2     10s.    per    owt. 
gross. 
Us.  Bd,  per  owl 


4«.  2d.  per  pound* 


U.  8d.  per  pound. 


Do. 
2t.  Id.  per  owt. 


11m.  6d  i>er  owt. 


£1  U.  Id,  per  owt. 


£10  Of.  per  piece. 


£17  6s.  4d.  per  piece. 


256 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Part  I. — Impart  dtfUea—CoDtinned. 


Artides. 


Bascian. 


Bn^sh  equiTBleiits. 


232 


283 


384 


XVL— Vabioub  Manufactubu— Continued. 

Mndcal  inatmmenta— Continued. 

2.  Oidinary  organs,  hannoninms,  positives,  and 

harps. 
8.  All  musical  instruments  not  specially  men- 
tioned and  appurtenances  to  musical 
instruments,  imported  separately, 
such  as  bows,  strings  of  gut  and  of 
silk  (metallic  strings,  §  187),  keys  and 
hammers  (pe^  for  pianos,  §  167),  met- 
ronomes, tuning-forks,  &c. 
Ob8. — ^Duty  on  musical  instruments  is  taken  with 

the  weight  of  caAes  in  which  they  are  p.acked. 

Instmments,  mathematical,  drawing,  and  all  physi- 
cal, chemicflkl,  and  sursical  instru- 
ments, geographical  globes,  mano- 
meters, water-meters,  gas-meters, 
water-gauges,  photographic  appara- 
tus, spectacles,  eye-glasses,  telescopes 
and  opera-classes  set  in  common  ma- 
terials, Jomtly  with  the  weight  of 
cases,  boxes,  pocket-cases,  dec.,  in 
which  they  are  imported. 
Obs. — Spectacles,  &c.,  set  in  gold,  silver,  or  plati- 

nnm  pay  under  $  159.  and  when  set  in  mother-of-pearl, 

tortoise-shell,  ivory,  and  other  costly  materials,  and 

if  ornamented  with  enamel,  gilding,  or  silver,  under 

6227,  Article  1. 

Watchmaker's  goods: 

1.  Works  of  watches  and  of  clocks  for  the  wall. 

for  mantelpieces,  for  trayelers,  ana 
for  the  table,  without  cases,  or  sepa- 
rately from  their  cases. 
One. — The  outer  cases  pay  according  to  the  mate- 
rial of  which  they  are  made,  and  it'  the  internal 
works  cannot  be  separated  from  the  casM,  such 
watches  and  clocks  pay,  inclusively  of  tbo  weight 
of  the  cases,  the  duty  leviable  on  the  cases,  accord- 
ing to  the  material  or  which  they  are  made. 

2.  Watches  and  chronometers,  gold  and  gilted  . . . 

8.  Watches  and  chronometers  of  silver,  and  all 

others,  except  of  cold  or  gUt. 
4.  Wooden  clocks,  with  wheels  of  brass  or  wood. 

6.  Clocks  for  towers 


11     roubles     per 

piece. 
17    kopecks    per 

pound. 


6  roubles  60  ko- 
pecks per  pood. 


75    kopecks    per 
piece. 


285 


286 


6.  Parte  of  clocks  and  watches  not  put  together, 
such  as  springs,  wheels,  handles, 
faces,  watch-keys  (except  gold  and 
silver,  $  1.59),  and  the  parts  of  Caroel 
lamps. 
Carriages: 

1.  Carriages  on  spring,  large,  such  as  coaches, 

londaus,  diligence,  and  omnibus. 

2.  Light  caniages  on  springs,  such  as  cal^hes, 

phaetons,  dog-carts,  cabs,  d:c. 

3.  Spring  carta  for  heavy  work,  such  as  yans, 

waeons;  alsotravelingcan-iageswith 
back  springs  only. 

4.  Carriages  without  springs,  of  every  kind; 

small  carriages  for  children  (peram- 
bulatorH)  on  springs. 
0b8. — ^Perambulators,  &.C.,  without  springs,  pay 
under  &  228. 

5.  Detached  parts  of  the  above,  wheels,  lamps, 

&c.  (except  axles,  springs,  and  other 
fittings  specially  mentioned). 
Railway  cars  and  trucks: 

1.  Trucks,  flat,  and  coal  trucks,  i)er  axle 


2.  Goods  vans,  covered. 


3.  Passenger  cars,  third  class ;  also  luggage  vans 
and  i)ostal  cars. 


1  rouble  49  ko- 
pecks. 

75  kopecks  per 
piece. 

88  kopecks  per 
piece. 

18  roubles  15  ko- 
pecks per  piece. 

10  kopecks  per 
pound. 


110   roubles    per 

piece. 
77     roubles     per 

piece. 
83    roubles     per 

piece. 

11     roubles     per 
piece. 


6  roubles  per  i>ood . 


82  roubles  50  ko- 

frcks  per  axle, 
roubles    i>er 
axle. 
192  roubles  60  ko- 
pecks per  axle. 


£1 14«.  lOd.  per  pSeoet. 
7«.  Id.  per  pound. 


i^  5t.  5cL  per  owt. 


2«.44l.perpleo6i. 


U.  Id.  per  piece. 
2*.  id.  per  piece. 
1m.  Id.  per  piece. 
£2 10*.  per  piece. 
4d.  per  pound. 


£17  8f.  id.  per  piece. 
£12  8f.  lOd.  per  piece. 
£5  4«.  6d.  per  piece. 
£1 14«.  lOd.  per  piece. 


£2  Bt.  2d.  per  cwt. 

£18  lis.  8d.  per  axle. 
£18 13«.  2d.  per  ule. 
£25 19c.  7d.  per  axle. 


TARIFFS   OP   THE   SEVEEAL   COUXTfilES. 


257 


Part  I. — Import  duties — Continaed. 


■&1 


!l 


287 


288 
230 

240 

241 


Articles. 


XYI.— Vabious  Mamufactubes— Continued. 

Railway  can  and  tmcke — Continued. 

4.  Paaeenger  oars,  aecond-claas 

5.  Paaaenger  cars,  combination,  first  and  second 

class. 
8.  Passenger  cars,  first-class 

7.  Tramway  cars : 

a.  Drawn  by  two  horses 

b.  Drawn  by  one  horse 

Beds  and  pillows  staffed  with  feathers,  down,  hair, 
or  wool,  addressed  to  persons  who 
hsTO  returned  from  abnMuI. 
Obs. — ^Beds  and  bedding  broaght  by  persons  from 
abroad  among  their  honsehold  effects  ai^  free.    Ex- 
cept in  these  two  oases  the  importation  of  bedding 
and  pillows  is  prohibited. 

Candles,  torches,  snd  tai>ers  of  every  kind 

Lacifer  matches  of  ever)'  kind 

Sealing-wax  and  red  tar.... 

Ecclesiastical  ornaments  and  objects,  stoAi  with 
ecclesiastical  emblems  and  images, 
are  admitted  nnder  their  respective 
paragraphs  in  the  tariff,  but  only 
with  the  permission  of  the  supreme 
aathorities  of  the  church. 


Russian. 


247  roubles  60  ko- 
pecks per  axle. 

802  roubles  60  ko- 
pecks per  axle. 

857  roublea  60  ko- 
peoks  per  axle. 

220  roubles  per 
piece.  , 

165  roubles  per 
piece. 

1  rouble  20  ko- 
pecks per  i>ood. 


2  roubles  per  pood. 

1  rouble   8*2   ko- 
pecks per  pood. 

2  roubles  20  ko- 
peoks  per  i>ood. 


English  equivalents. 


£89  8t.  Od.  per  axle. 
£47 17«.  lid.  per  axle. 
£68 12ff.  Id.  per  axle. 

£84  lOt.  8d.  per  pleoa. 
£26  2«.  6d.  per  piece. 
lU.  Od.  per  cwt. 


lOs.  7d.  per  cwt. 
17«.  Od.  per  cwt. 

£1 1«.  6d.  per  owt. 


Pabt  IL-GOODS  the  IMPORTATION  OF  WHICH  IS  PROHIBITED. 


•2  e3 

^3 

Description  of  goods.- 

Duty. 

B 

Russian. 

Engliah  equivalents. 

242 
248 

244 

245 

246 

Russian  coins,  copper  or  silver,  and  all  foriegn  coins  ] 
01  low  standard. 

Gunpowder,  ingredients  for  gunpowder,  and  all 
fulminating  compositions;  also  salt- 
peter, refined. 

Military  stores,  guns,  mortars,  diells,  shot,  d&c. .  ^ . 

Air-arms,  acting  without  gunpowder;  also  canes, 
sticks,   andT  pipes  with    dsggers, 
swords,  and  otner  concealed  wea- 
pons.                                                   ^ 

AH  pl»v<"g-cards i 

Prohibited. 

247 
248 

240 

250 

n  ■■  ^  w^  ■H^-i'va  MB    ..>...........>■>>••..■••........ 

Canceled. 

Bedding  and  pOlows,  except  brought  by  p^ssen 
gars  or  addressed  to  persons  who 
have  returned  from  abroad  (§287). 

Fishennen*s  berries  or  bacciB  ooculli  indid 

Oil  of  bitter  almonds  ,.,.,,,,t.,^,-,....t. ..,.,,..- 

251 

Powder  for  clearinff  wine 

252 

Selenit^  (for  dyeing  hair) 

258 

Spitita  distilled  from  com,  imported  in  oaaks 

0b8.— Goods  of  which  the  importation  is  prohib- 
ited only  in  certain  ports  of  the  empire,  or  which 
are  admitted  nnder  certain  reatrietloBr  and  by  spe- 
cial permisaion,  are  mentioned  nnder  correspondmg 
beads  of  the  tariff. 

1784  OONGl — A  P- 


17 


258 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


pabt  ni— expobt  duties. 


8 

4 


6 


Description  of  goods. 


BoDes  of  every  kind,  raw,  burnt,  or  ground. 


Leeches,  together  with  the  weight  of  the  bags  in 
which  they  are  exported. 

Eggs  of  t^e  silk -worm 

Bags  of  every  kind,  shreds  of  wool,  and  paper  pulp : 
a.  On  the  land  fh>ntier  and  at  tne  port  of 

Uban. 
h.  From  ports  in  the  Baltic  (except  Liban) 

and  ports  in  the  White  Sea. 
0.  From  ports  in  the  Black  and  Azof  Seas. 

Calamine  (or  aino  ore),  raw,  calcined,  and  ground — 

Iron  ore.    (Its  exportation  by  the  custom-houses  of 
the  Kingdom  of  Poland  is  prohibited.) 
Obs.— Iron  ore  may  be  exported  through  the  cus- 
tom-houses of  the  Kingdom  of  Poland  from  the  mines 
nearest  to  the  frontier  and  to  foreign  (not  native) 
iron-works,  particularly  in  places  where  there  is  a 
want  of  fuel,  but  only  oy  specinl  permission  of  the 
ministry  of  finance  and  on  payment  of  a  duty  of  5 
kopecks  per  mine-bucket  (a  local  measure). 
All  goods  except  those  mentioned  in  the  above  list 
may  be  exported  free  of  duty. 


Duty. 


Russian. 


10   kopecks    per 

pood. 
80    kopecks    per 

pound. 
2  roubles  per  pound 

30  kopecks  per 
pood. 

45  kopecks  i»er 
pood. 

20  kopecks  per 
pood. 

2|  kopecks  per 
pood. 

Prohibited  in  Po- 
land. 


Engliah  equivalents. 


If.  per  owt. 
2i.  lOcf.  per  pound. 
It,  per  pound. 
2t.  llicL  per  cwt^ 
4m.  5d.  per  cwt. 
U,  lllcL  per  owi. 
8^.  perowt. 


List  A. — Foreign  prepared  medioinea  whkh  mmy  be  imported  and  sold  without  reetriotionf 

by  ohemiaUf  druggiete,  and  ehopkeepere  genet  ally  ($  151). 


1.  Popp's  tooth  elixir. 

2.  Anodyne  necklaces,  Borohell's. 

3.  Le  Hnby's  gelatine  capsules  for  ad- 

ministering medicines. 

•4.  Cayenne  lozenges. 

5.  Camomile  drops. 

•6.  Coltsfoot  lozenges. 

7.  LeperdriePs  compresses. 

8.  Coiirt-plaster. 

^.  0*Pierre^s  eaa  dentifHoe. 

10.  Eau  dentifrice  of  the  Sooi^t^  Hygi6- 

Btqne, 

11.  Evans'  elixir  dentifrice. 

12.  Pelletii's  elixir  odontalgiqne. 

13.  £Hsei>ce  of  peppermint. 

14.  Edwards'  crystallized  lemon-Juice. 

15.  Issne-plaster. 

16.  Oxley's  essence  of  ginger. 

17.  Extract  of  bareges,  for  baths. 

18.  Gterman  corn-plaster. 

19.  Ginger  lozenges. 

20.  G-iiBger  seeds. 
522.  Glass's  maspesia. 

23.  Heckea's  chest-comfits. 

24.  Hesry's  calcined  magnesia. 

25.  Cod-liver  oil,  in  bottles. 

26.  Essence  of  rennet. 

97.  Moxoh's  aperient  magnesia. 


27.  Magnesia  lozenges. 

28.  D'Linck  and  D'Lafland's  extract  of 

malt. 

29.  Hub^'s  extract  of  nutshells  for  dyeing 

hair. 

30.  Pelletier's  odontiue. 

31.  Papier  Fayard  and  papier  Blayn. 

32.  Papier  Wiinsky. 

33.  Paraguay  roux.' 

34.  Paregoric  lozenges. 

35.  Marsh-mallow  paste. 

36.  Jnjabe  paste. 

37.  Licorice  paste. 

38.  Peppermint  lozenges. 

39.  Pastilles  de  Biline. 

40.  Pastilles  d'Ems. 

41.  Pastilles  de  Vichy. 

42.  Pftte  de  Naf^  d' Arable. 

43.  Pftte  balsamiqae  de  Begedeld  ain^ 

44.  Tooth-powder. 

45.  Belloc's  powdered  charcoal. 

46.  Bogy's  purgative  powder. 

47.  Langreniers  Racahout  dea  Arabea. 

48.  Edwards'  salt  of  lemon. 

49.  Seldlitz  powders. 

50.  Soda  powders. 

51.  Sirop  de  Nftt^  d' Arable. 

52.  Di'  Suin  Boutemard's  tooth-paste. 


)  151. — Duty,  10  roubles  per  pood  =  £4  I80.  3d.  per  ent. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


259 


List  B. ^Foreign  prepared  medicines  which  can  only  he  imported  for  chemists  and  by  doo- 

tors  for  hospitals. 


1.  Apiine  oajMinles. 

2.  Copaiva  balsam  oapaules. 

3.  Copaiva  balsam  and  cubeb  oapsnles. 

4.  Copavia  capsuleei 

5.  Castor-oil  capsules. 

6.  Cod-liver  oil  capsules. 

7.  Turpentine  capsules.    ^ 

8.  Grimault  &  Co.^s  Matico  capsules. 

9.  Joeeau's  Copahine  M^ge. 

10.  Lalonye's  oubebine  balls. 

11.  Berat,  G^lis  &,  Cont^'s  lactate  of  iron 

balls. 

12.  Colbert's  essence  of  sarsapariUa. 

13.  Quevenn^'s  iron. 

14.  Burin  de  Bnisson's  gazeoL 

15.  Harleem  drops. 

16.  Orimault  &,  Co.'s  solution  of  matico 

for  injection. 

17.  Ipecacuanha  lozenges. 

18.  Kiesow's  Augsburg  Essence  of  Life. 

19.  Klepperbein^s  plaster  for  strengthen- 

ing the  stomach  and  nerves. 

20.  Milan  blister. 

21.  Rigollot's  sinapism  papers. 

22.  Albespeyre's  epispastio  paper. 

23.  Aubergivr's  pectoral  paste. 

24.  Pure  and  starched  pepsine. 


25.  Castorenm  globules. 
2(3.  Chloroform  slobules. 

27.  Digitalis  globules. 

28.  Turpentine  globules. 

29.  Valerian  globules. 

30.  AsafoBtida  globules. 

31.  Ether  globules. 

32.  Leras'  soluble  phosphate  of  iron,  or 

pyrophosphate  of  iron  and  soda. 

33.  VaUet's  pills  of  carbonate  of  iron. 

34.  Foumlers  pills  of  the  extract  of  Pan- 

linia. 

35.  Blancard's  pills  of  the  iodide  of  iron. 

36.  Dr.  Leder's  scordium  powder  pills. 

37.  Dr.  Leder's  extract  of  scordium  pills. 

38.  Orimault  &,  Co.'s  gnarana  powders. 

39.  BUchner's  vesicating  pomade 

40.  Fonmler's  Paulinia  powders. 

41.  Rommershausen's  eye-essence. 

42.  Boivean-Laffecteur's  rob  antisypbilli- 

tique. 

43.  Sirop  d'Aubergier. 

44.  Grimault  &  Co.'s  sirop  de  raifonl  iod^. 

45.  Steru'H  opodeldoc. 

46.  Sterry's  poor  man's  plaster. 

47.  Albespeyre's  vesicating  plaster. 


OBSERVATION. 


In  case  of  the  importation  of  any  new  medicines,  prepared  or  otherwise,  and  which, 
although  known,  are  not  specified  in  the  above  list,  such  medicines  can  only  be  ad- 
mitted by  permission  of  the  ministry  of  finance  and  medical  council  of  the  ministry 
of  the  interior. 


BXPOBT  BUTIES  OF  BITSSIA. 


BBPOBT  BT  MB,  STANTON, 


I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  the  Department's  circalar  of 
February  15, 1883. 

In  reply  thereto,  I  beg  to  state  that  I  have  already,  on  the  30th  of 
August  last,  forwarded  the  information  sought  by  the  Department,  and 
that  the  export  duties  levied  by  Russia  are  to  be  found  in  the  Kovem- 
ber  number  (25)  of  Commercial  Eeports  for  1882,  on  page  209. 

EDGAR  STAl 


tTNiTED  States  Consxtlatb-Obnebal, 

Bt.  Petersburg  J  March  19, 1883. 


STANTON, 
OonsuUOeneral. 


y 


260 


TARIFFS   OF   TUE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


BusMan  export  duties. 
[Taken  Arom  CooaiiUur  Report  No.  25.  p.  209.] 

pabt  nL— export  duties. 


a^ 

Deeoriptloa  of  goods. 

Duty. 

Russian. 

Enj^h  equivalents^ 

1 

2 
B 

Bonee  of  every  kind,  raw,  burnt,  or  ^n^mnd 

Leeches,  together  with  the  weight  of  the  bags 

in  which  they  are  exported. 
Eggs  of  the  #ilk*womi    

10  kopecks  per  i>ood  . . 
80  kopecks  per  pound 

2  roubles  per  pound. .. 

80  koi>ecks  per  pood  . . 
46  kopecks  per  i>ood  . . 

20  kopecks  per  pood  . . 

21  kopecks  per  pood  . . 
Prohibited  in  Poland. 

ft 

U.perowi. 

2a  lOd.  per  pound. 

7#.  per  penndii 

4 

6 
6 

7 

Rags  of  every  kind,  shreds  of  wool,  and  paper 
pulp: 

a.  On  the  land  frontier  and  at  the 

port  of  Libao. 

b.  from  ports  in  the  Baltic  f»xoept 

Libau)  and  ports  in  the  White 
Sea. 
e.  Froai  ports  in  the  Black  and  Axof 
Seaa 
Calamine  (or  zinc  ore),  raw,  calcined,  Mid  ground. 
Iron  ore.    (Its  exportation  by  the  custom-houses 
of  the  Kingdom  of  Poland  is  pro- 
hibited. 
Obs. — ^Irou  ore  may  be  exported  through  the 
custom-houses  of  the  Kingdom  of  Polana  from 
the  mines  nearest  to  the  Irontier  and  to  foreign 
(not  native)  iron-woikn,  narticularly  in  places 
where  there  is  a  want  of  fuel,  but  only  by  spe- 
cial permission  of  tbe  ministry  of  finance,  vaA 
on  payment  of  a  duty  of  5  copecks  per  mine- 
bncKet  fa  local  meniture). 
All  goods  except  those  mentioned  in  the  above 
ust  may  be  exported  free  of  duty. 

2f.llid.percwt. 
it.  M.  per  owt. 

It.  Hid.  per  cwt. 

Goodt  the  importation  of  which  is  prohibited  in  Buaaia. 


Description  of  goods. 


242 
243 

244 
246 

246 
247 
248 

24» 
260 
261 
262 
263 


Russian  coins,  copper  or  silver,  and  all  foreign  coins  of  low  standard. 

Gunpowder,  ingredients  for  gunpowder,  and  all  fulminating  compositions ;  also  saltpeter,  re- 

finrd. 
Military  stores,  guns,  mortars,  shells,  shot,  &c. 
Air-arms,  acting  without  gonpowder ;  also  canes,  stieka,  and  pipes  with  daggers,  sworda,  and 

other  concealed  weapons. 
An  playing-cards. 
Canceled. 
Bedding  and  pillows,  except  brought  by  jrassengers  or  addressed  to  persons  who  have  returned 

firom  abroad. 
Fishermen's  berries,  or  baccaec  occulli  indici. 
Oil  of  bitter  slmonds. 
Powder  for  clearing  wine. 
Selenite  (for  dyeing  hair). 
Spirits  distiUed  from  com  imported  in  casks. 

0b8.— Goods  of  which  the  importation  is  prohibited  only  in  certain  ports  of  the  Empire,  or 
which  are  admitted  under  certain  restrictions  and  by  special  permission,  are  mentionea  under 
corresponding  heads  of  the  tariill 


I 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  261 


MODIFICATIOH  OF  THE  METAL  TAEIiT  OF  EUSSIA. 

REPORT  BT  CONSUL-OBNERAL  EDWARDS,  OF  ST.  PETERSBURG. 

I  have  the  honor  to  herewith  inclose  It  translation  of  an  officially 
published  copy  of  the  opinion  of  the  Imperial  Oonncil,  confirmed  by 
the  Emperor  on  the  3d-15th  Jnne^  1880,  respecting  the  free  importation 
into  Bossia  of  cast  and  wrought  iron,  and  the  alteration  of  the  rates 
of  customs  duties  ou  iron  and  steel,  metallic  manufactures,  and  ma- 
chinery. 

I  beg  to  invite  your  attention  especially  to  the  following  provision: 

I.  The  priTileffe  of  free  importation  from  abroad  of  oast  and  wrought  iron  for  man- 
nfaetnre  of  macninery,  imperially  sanctioned  in  1861,  is  to  be  withdrawn. 

Manufacturers  of  machinery  employing  steam  or  water  power  have 
hitherto  had  the  right,  with  the  permission  of  the  minister  of  finance^ 
of  importing  cast  and  wrought  iron  free  of  duty,  in  such  quantities  ad 
wererequir^  for  the  manufacture  and  fitting  of  machinery  at  their  re- 
spective works.  The  abuse  of  this  privilege  is  said  to  have  been  the 
cause  of  the  abolition  of  the  exemption.  Hitherto  there  existed  two 
species  of  privilege  in  regard  to  the  importation  of  unwroaght  metals : 
one  made  the  duty  payable  in  paper  money,  theother^ntirely  exemptea 
the  imx)ortation  from  duty.  The  duty  collected  in  gold  from  the  im- 
portation of  metals  during  the  year  1878  amounted  to  the  sum  of 
$  >,(MK),000 ;  the  duty  collected  in  paper  money  during  the  same  year 
amounted  to  $1,200,000,  and  the  exemptions  during  the  same  period 
amounted  to  $1,900,000.  It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  it  is  expected 
to  realize  at  least  $2,000,000  per  annum  by  the  revocation  of  the  exemp- 
tion privilege. 

By  an  examination  of  the  new  and  old  scale,  it  will  be  observed  that 
ateel  and  iron  are  put  in  the  same  category.  The  modifications  beyond 
those  above  mentioned  are  unimportant. 

Agricultural  implements  without  steam-engines,  not  specially  men- 
tioned, are  free  as  before.  Those  specially  mentioned  are  scythes, 
sickles,  chaff-cutters,  and  mowers,  shears  for  sheep-shearing,  spades, 
•hovels,  rakes,  hoes,  and  forks,  upon  which  there  is  a  duty  of  38  cents 
I>ex  pood  (36  pounds),  being  an  increase  of  5  cents  per  p<mnd  over  the 
old  tariff. 

The  value  of  the  merchandise  imported  into  Bussia  during  the  year 
1870  amounted  to  $168,000,000 ;  during  the  year  1870  the  importations 
were  valued  at  $298,000,000.  In  these  figures  are  included  the  prod- 
ucts free  from  duty,  valued  at  $31,500,000  in  1870  and  $72,000,000  in 
1879. 

The  customs  receipts  from  the  different  species  of  merchandise  have 
increased  during  the  past  ten  years  in  the  following  proportions :  Tea^ 
56  per  cent. ;  the  wrought  metals,  316  per  cent. ;  salt,  16  per  cent. ;  cot- 
ton yam,  32i6  per  cent,  f  ordinary  oil,  30  per  cent. ;  wool,  64  per  cent. ; 
tobacco,  51  per  cent. 

Two  important  articles  show  a  diminution  during  the  same  period: 
Bilk,  66  pw  cent.,  and  cotton  goods,  14  per  cent.    The  general  increase 


/ 


262         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

of  customs  duties  duriug  the  ten  years  from  1870  to  1879  has  been  52 
per  cent.  The  customs  revenue  for  1879  amounted  to  $45,750,090,  an 
excess  of  $7,500,000  beyond  the  provisions  of  the  budget,  and  $3,000,000 
beyond  the  receipts  of  the  preceding  year.  The  increase  during  the 
past  ten  years  cannot  be  attributed  solely  to  the  increase  in  ^e  quan- 
tity of  the  merchandise  imported.  By  the  decree  which  went  into  oper- 
ation January  1, 1877,  all  duties  were  made  payable  in  gold. 

Gold  coupons.mnst  be  bought  by  Bnssian  importers  to  meet  the  du- 
ties on  their  goods,  except  in  special  cases,  where  the  Government  allows 
the  importer  to  pay  in  paper  money.  This  change  of  the  standard  from 
paper  to  gold  for  duties  advanced  the  rates  by  about  50  per  cent. 

The  EuKsian  paper  ruble  is  the  only  current  money  in  use  in  the  trade 
or  commercial  transactions  of  the  Empire,  and  has  a  daily  fluctuating 
value.  It  is  impossible,  therefore,  for  an  importer  to  foretell  what 
amount  of  duty  he  must  pay.  The  following  are  the  principal  articles 
from  which  the  customs  receipts  were  realized  during  the  year  1879 : 

Tea $12,000,000 

Unwronght  metals 4,500,000 

Salt 2,900,000 

Strong  drinks 2,500,000 

Cotton  yam 2,300,000 

Oil 2,000,000 

Woolen  tissnes 2,000,000 

Raw  cotton i 1,500,000 

MetalUo  products 1,500,000 

Wool : 1.200,000 

Tobacco 1,000,000 

Fruits ^ 1,000,000 

Cotton  tissues 1,000,000 

Cloth 700,000 

Oil  for  lighting 700,000 

Silk  tissues 500,000 

Other  merchandise 8,750,000 

The  different  products  pay  as  follows,  in  proportion  to  their  value : 

Percent 

Salt 60 

Tea 32 

Drinks 26 

Silks 26 

Tobacco 24 

Cotton  yam 21 

Woolen  yam 21 

Ordinary  oil 17 

Petroleum 16 

Unwronght  metals : 16 

Fruits - 14 

Coffee U 

Flax  yam 10 

Fish 9 

Wrought  metals 9 

Cotton  goods 9 

Woolen  stuffs S 

Mixed  goods 5 

Furs - 5 

Watches 3 

Bailway  carriages 3 

Machines  and  apparatus 2 

The  right  to  import  articles  free  of  duty  is  granted  to  a  great  number 
of  persons. 
During  the  year  1878  the  exemptions  of  dutiable  articles  amounted  to 


TARIFFS   OP   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  263 

$4,600,000,  eqaivaleDt  to  one-tenth  of  the  entire  cdstoms  receipts.  From 
the  above  table  it  will  be  seen  that  salt  and  tea,  articles  of  necessity,  pay 
macb  more  revenue  in  proportion  to  their  value  than  silks,  watches,  and 
other  articles  of  luxury.  The  same  principle  may  be  applied  to  the 
metals.  Unwrought  metals  pay  one  and  one-half  times  more  duty  in 
proportion  to  their  value  than  wrought  metals,  and  five  times  more  than 
machinery,  without  taking  into  consideration  those  that  are  exempt  from 
all  duty.  The  partiality  and  injustice  of  forcing  the  poorer  classes  to 
conform  strictly  to  the  law,  while  permitting  a  privileged  class  to  escape 
the  payment  of  duties,  are  plain  to  every  candid  mind,  especially  when 
we  consider  that  the  purchases  by  the  former  class  consist  of  the  neces- 
saries of  life,  and  that  most  of  the  purchases  of  the  latter  class  consist 
of  the  luxuries. 

The  great  defect  in  the  Bussian  tariff  system  consists  in  the  fact  that 
it  is  not  designed  to  protect  the  interests  or  bring  into  favorable  actioa 
the  resources  of  the  Empire. 

The  leading  object  seems  to  be  the  increase  of  the  revenue,  without 
regard  to  the  general  prosperity  of  the  Empire.  The  privileged  classes 
revel  in  their  luxury,  and  the  poor  industrial  classes  wallow  in  their  des- 
titution. Of  the  principal  customs  cities  of  the  Empire  Moscow  stands 
at  the  head  and  shows  the  receipt  of  $8,750,000  for  the  year  1879  against 
$4,700,000  in  1870.  St.  Petersburg  is  second,  with  $4,800,000,  against 
$5,500,000  in  1870.  The  city  of  Eeval  occupies  the  third  place,  with 
$2,700,000  against  $200,000  in  1870.  The  Baltic  Railway  is  the  principal 
cause  of  the  great  progress  made  by  Beval. 

The  increase  of  receipts  for  1879  is  50  per  cent,  greater  than  1878. 
Odessa  is  fourth,  with  $2,500,000  against  $2,000,000  in  1870.  Eiga  is 
fifth,  with  $1,850,000  against  $1,350,000  in  1870.  Accompanying  this  is 
an  of&cially  published  copy  of  the  new  metal  tariff. 

W.  H.  EDWARDS, 

Conaul-OeneraL 

United  States  Gonsulate-Oenebax, 

8t.  Petersburg^  July  20, 1880. 


[InolMue  in  the  foregoing  report] 
ALTERATIONS  IN  THE  RUSSIAN  TARIFF. 

Ofkukm  of  ike  Imperial  Council,  eonjirmed  hy  the  Emperor  on  the  dd-lbth  June,  1880, 
neHing  ike  free  importation  into  Euaaia  of  caet  ana  wrought  iron,  and  the  alteration  qf' 
Ae  ratea  of  cmatoma  dutfea  on  iron  and  atetl,  metallic  manufactures,  and  machinery. 

[TruiaUUon  from  the  Raasian.] 

I.  The  privilege  of  free  importation  fh>m  abroad  of  caat  and  wronsht  iron  for  inan- 
nfactnrea  of  machinery,  imperially  sanctioned  in  1861,  is  to  be  withdrawn. 

n.  The  proposed  alterations  in  the  existing  customs  tariff  are  to  be  submitted  to 
His  Imperial  Mi^esty  for  confirmatidn. 

HI,  The  above  measures  indicated  in  paragraphs  I  and  II  to  take  effect  from  the 
lat-13th  January,  18c$l. 

Alteratione  in  the  cuetome  duties  for  European  trade, 

Abticlb  34.  Shears  for  sheep-shearing  and  for  napping,  to  be  excluded  fh>m  the- 
teriir. 

Articub  35,  Paragraph  I.  Asricultural  machinery  and  implements,  without  steam, 
engines,  not  specially  mentioned,  free. 


y 


264 


TARIFFS  OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Remarks. — Duplicate  parts  of  the  aboTe-mentioned  machinery,  imported  together 
with  it,  are  admitted  free ;  parts  of  machiuery  brought  separately  pay  duty  accord- 
ingly to  corresponding  paragraphs  of  tariff. 

Abticle  35,  Paragraph  II.  Machinery  for  dressing  varions  flbrons  snbstanoes, 
such  as  working  machinery,  unreeling,  breaking,  oardmg,  batting,  spinning,  warp- 
ing, weaTing,  napping,  and  nap-shenring  machinery ;  also  machineiy  and  apparatus 
for  paper  making  and  printing,  and  IV,  weaving  reeds  of  every  kind,  also  dents 
and  rods  for  making  the  same ;  rods  and  shuttles  for  weaving  frames,  steel  and  iron 
teeth  for  heckles ;  neckles  for  flax  and  hemp  and  cards  of  every  kind,  free.  Obs.  I. 
Duplicate  parts  of  the  al>ove-mentioned  macninery  and  i^paratus  and  also  the  indis-' 
pensable  fittings  thereof,  imported  together  with  them,  are  admitted  free.  Those 
imported  separately  from  macninery  and  apparatus  pay  30  copecks  per  pound.  Obs. 
2.  Such  articles  as  do  not  form  a  direct  Mkd  immediate  part  of  machinery,  etc., 
but  are  used  in  setting  it  up  or  in  connecting  it  with  other  machinery  or  apparatus, 
such  as  railings,  stair-cases,  gearing  or  shafting,  pulleys,  driving  straps,  cards  for  spin- 
ning machinery,  connecting  pipes,  oil-cups,  and  metallic  webs,  to  be  excluded  from 
the  tariff. 

Article  36.  Sea  and  river  going  vessels  of  every  description,  entire  and  with  fit- 
iings,  free. 

Remarks. — Iron  vessels,  with  steam-engines  or  without,  brought  in  separate  parts, 
pay  duty  according  to  corresponding  paragraphs  of  tariff. 


Description. 


Abticlk  05.— Iron: 

I.  liATB.  aMorted  and  roUed  of  all  kinda,  metsnring  i  to  18  inches  in  width 

and  up  to  17  inches  in  thickneM  in  diameter,  ana  <«]so  in  puddling  and 

millbars 

Bbmabk^ — Iron  under  ^  inch  in  thickness  or  width  is  regarded  as  wire. 

XL  Iron  rails 

m.  Iron  in  sheets  and  slabs  not  exceeding  18  inches  in  width,  and  all  kinds 

of  nsstirted  iroD  exceeding  7  inches  in  width  or  diameter 

IV.  Scrnpiron '.     

ObBEUVATiOK  TO  Pabaobafu  06.— (M&nnfaCtorers  of  machinery  em- 

f>lo.viug  steam  or  water  power  may,  with  the  permission  of  the  min- 
ster of  finance,  import  cast  and  wrought  iron  free  of  duty  in  snch 
quantities  as  may  be  required  for  the  manufacture  and  fitting  of 
machinery  at  their  respective  works)  to  bo  excluded  from  tariff. 
Abticlk  06. — 'I'in  in  sheets  not  utconercd  and  nil  kinds  of  sheet-iron,  painted, 

covere<l  with  zinc,  copper,  or  other  metal 1 

Abticlbs  97.— Steel : 

I.  In  bars  and  assorted  from  ^  to  18  inches  wide,  and  all  assorted  steel  ex- 

ceeding 7  inches  in  diameter  or  thickness,  and  aIho  in  plates 

Obskbvation.— Steel  in  thickness,  breadth,  or  diameter  under  ^  inch  is 
regarded  as  wire. 

II.  Steelrails 

III.  In  sheets  and  plates  exceeding  18  inches  in  breadth,  and  all  kinds  of 
assorted  steel  exceeding  7  inches  in  thickness  or  diameter 

Abticlb  162.— Cast  iron,  wrought : 

L  Iron  castings,  without  any  finish,  such  as  fire-bars,  nlates,  pipes,  beoms, 

pillars,  cast-iron  appurtenances  for  railways,  and  tneir  rolling  stock 

n.  Cast-iron  vessels  enameled 

m.  Articles  of  oast  iron,  finished,  turned,  and  polished,  ground,  painted, 
bronzed,  tinned,  covered  with  ziuc  or  otuer  common  metals,  with 

wooden,  copper,  and  bitinze  parts,  and  without  same 

Obsbbvation— All  articles  of  malleable  oast  iron  are  liable  to  duty 

under  Paraginph  3,  Article  162. 

Abticlb  163. — Iron  and  steel  blacksmiths'  work,  wrought  and  cast,  without 

filing,  or  only  filed  alons  edges  or  rims,  but  not  otherwise  finished,  such  as 

anchors,  nails,  hooks,  bells,  mortars,  ana  also  all  appurtenances  of  railways 

and  their  rolling  stock 

Abticle  164.— Iron  and  steel  articles,  boiler  work,  such  as  boilers,  reservoirs, 
tanks,  boxes,  bridges,  pipes,  and  also  all  kinds  of  articles  manufactured 
ftom  sheet  iron  and  strmg.  excepting  those  specified  in  Articles  06  and  106  . 
Abticlk  165.— Iron  and  steel  articles,  excepting  those  specially  named,  finished, 
torned,  polished,  ground,  bronzed,  or  otherwise  finished  with  parts  of  wood, 
copper,  bronze,  or  without  the  same,  weighing — 
I.  More  thanSlbs  


II.  Less  than  5  lbs 

GusBUVATiON  TO  PAKAOBAi'H  165.— (All  articles  of  locksmiths'  work 
weighing  more  than  I  pood  each  pay  duty  under  Article  164  as  black- 
srolui's  work,  vis,  77  cents  per  pouud),  to  be  excluded  from  tariff. 
Abticlb  166.— Manufactures  of  tin  plate: 

I.  All  articles  of  tin-plate  and  all  articles  of  sheet  Iron,  tinned,  enameled, 

and  covered  with  zioc  or  other  commou  metals 

II.  The  same  articles  with  gilding,  painting,  or  other  ornaments 


Per  pood. 

10  26 

84 

87 
15 


61 
77 


77 
1  64 


Old 
scale. 


PtT  poofL' 

#0  21 
15 

m 

4 


06 

06 

26 

61 

84 

•4 

87 

61 

38 
61 

38 

61 

77 

102 

1  0>to3  46 
77tol  01 

1  0ltoS4A 


1  02 
3  84 


1  M 
8  m 


TAKIFF8   OF   TIIE   SEVEBAL  COUKTBIES. 


265 


Change  of  metal  tariff  in  ^uaata— Coutinaed. 


DeaoriptloD. 


Abticlk  167.— Wire : 

L  Iron  ftud  steel 

n.  Of  copper,  braaa,  and  other  metallic  fnsionH.  as  also  all  wire  tinned,  cot- 
esed  with  sine  or  with  other  common  metal,  except  the  wire  mentioned 
in  article  188,  nails  and  wire  rivets,  pegs  for  piano-fortes,  metallic  wires. 

Xther  with  the  weipht  of  the  nea  on  which  they  are  wound ;  also 
cables,  rigging,  and  submarine  cables  of  wira 

Abticlb  168. — All  manofkotures  of  wire,  as  also  wire  covered  with  paper,  silk, 
silk  thread,  and  fhun«s  for  umbrellas  er  parasols,  and  bird  cages  of  ^1 

kinds  of  wire . . 

Abticub  172. — Scythes  and  sickles,  chaff  cutters  and  mowers,  shears  for  sheep- 

shearing,  spades,  shovels,  rakes,  hoes,  and  forks    —      . 

Abticlb  173.— Tools  used  in  trade,  arts,  maunfactnres.  and  works 

Abticu  176. — Locomotives,  tenders,  steam  fire-engines,  and  other  appliances 
agaj^Mi  flie.  as  also  all  machines  and  apparatus  not  specially  named  of 
wrought  and  oast  iron  or  steel,  with  puts  consisting  of  oth«r  materials 

or  withoat  the  same , .        — 

Obsbbvation.— Detached  metallic  parts  of  machinery  and  apparatus 
belonging  to  the  same  and  imported  with  them  shall  be  liable  to  the 
duty  established  for  machinery ;  parts  of  machinery  apparatus  im- 
ported separately  shall  be  liable  to  duty  under  the  correeponding 
needs  of  the  taridT. 
ABUCLB  175,  Paraoraph  III.— (Detached  psrts  and  fittings  of  every  kind  of 
machinery  and  apparatus  (except  of  copper  or  bratss  under  I  of  this 
article)  imported  separatelv  from  the  moohiner>-  or  apparatus,  includ- 
ing all  revolving  straps  and  driving  bands  (belting)  and  metallic  webs 
used  in  manufactories),  and  observation :  (By  parts  of  machinery  and 
apparatus  are  understood  such  as  have  no  independent  nse  and  form  a 
direct  part  of  the  machinery  or  apparatus  and  cannot  be  employed  ex- 
cept in  combination  with  other  machinery,  dtc,  such  as  steam  cylinders, 
pistons,  cranks,  eccentrics,  connecting-rods,  fly-wheels,  oheeks,  bristles, 
and  spindles  to  the  same),  to  be  excluded  from  the  tariff. 
Abticlb  238.— Railway  oars: 

L  Trucks  and  coal  cars 

IL  Goods  cars 


Pauenger  can. 

UI. — Third  class  and  baggage  and  mail  cars. 

IV.— Second  class 

y. — First  and  second  olass 

VX— First  class 


Tramvfoy  cart. 


yn. — ^Double  horse. 
yUL— Single  horse. 


77 

115 

1  02 

88 
61 

61 


Old 
scale. 


Perpood, 
.      lU 

1  IS 

2  81 


Peraale, 

$57  75 

84  70 


184  75 
178  25 
211  75 
250  25 


164  00 
115  60 


Par  ocls. 
$87*7f 
77  06 


184  76 

to 
281  06 


77  06 
77  06 


On  the  3d-15th  June  His  Imperial  Majesty  by  sign  nianaul  was  pleased  to  assent  to 
the  above  decision. 
8t.  Pbtbrsburo,  Bumia,  Jwme  li)-^,  1880. 


X 


266  TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIEa 


CANADA. 
CAHADIAV  TARIFF  CHAHOES. 

BBPORT  BT  COMMERCIAL  AGENT  CARROLL,  OF  PORT  STANLEY  AND  8T,  THOMAJL 

1  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herein,  for  the  information  of  the  De- 
partment, an  exhibit  of  the  changes  in  the  Canadian  tariff,  promulgated 
on  the  dOth  ultimo,  which  I  take  from  the  Toronto  Mail  of  the  3l8t 
ultimo. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  proper  to  state  that  I  have  compared  the 
changes  adverted  to  with  other  lists,  and  find  them  to  be  correct 

PHILIP  OAEEOLL, 

Commercial  Agent 

Commercial  Agency  of  the  United  States, 

Port  Stanley  and  St.  ThomaSj  Canada^  April  2, 1883. 


[From  tlie  Toronto  Hail  of  Hwch  81, 1888.] 
CHANGES  IN  TARIFF. 

U^T    OF  INCBRA8BS  AND  DRCRSASES— CONSIDERABLE  ADDITIONS  TO  FREE    LIST— IN- 
CRRA8R  OF  PROTBCTIVR  DUTIRS  ON  MANUFACTURED  GOODS. 

Ottawa,  March  30. 

Tb«^  following  are  the  changes  in  the  tariff: 

Agates  (free).  Add  rabies,  pearls,  sapphires,  emerals,  garnets,  opals,  not  polished^ 
Ac, 

Aniline  dyes  (free).    Add  in  bulk  or  packages,  five  pounds  or  over.  ^ 

Celuloid  in  sheets  (made  free  last  year).     Add  lamps  or  blocks. 

Colors  (free).    Add  dry  metallic  oxide. 

Drills  for  prospecting  for  minerals. 

Dye,  Jet  black. 

Hatters'  plush  of  silk  or  cotton. 

Kainite  or  German  potash. 

Salts  for  fertilizers. 

Lnmber  or  timber,  anmannfactured  (free).  Add  greenwood  and  sawdust,  and  hiok* 
ory  sawn  to  shape  for  spokes  for  wheels,  not  farther  manufactured. 

Mineral  waters,  natural. 

Settlers'  effects  ( free).  Add  musical  instruments,  sewing  machines,  live  stock,  oarts^ 
and  other  vehicles  one  year  in  use. 

Add  to  the  free  list : 

Asphalt om,  books  bound,  printed  over  seven  years,  or  printed  by  any  government 
or  scientific  association  not  for  trade ;  manuscripts,  chronometers,  compasses  for  ships, 
eopper  in  sheets,  iron  and  steel,  old  and  scrap ;  iron  beams,  Hheets,  or  plates,  and  knees 
for  iron  or  composite  ships ;  iodine;  crude  marble  in  blocks,  15  cubic  feet  and  over ; 
otto  of  roses;  platinum  wire ;  seeds,  anise,  coriander,  fennel,  and  fenugreek ;  spurs  and 
stilts  for  earthenware  makers;  sausage  skins  or  casings,  not  cleaned;  valerian  root; 
wire  of  brass  or  copper;  round  or  flat  wire  of  iron  or  steel,  galvanized  or  tinned,  or 
not  15  gauge  and  smaller ;  street  railway  bars  or  rails ;  fish-plates  and  in  sheets  for 
manufacture  of  screws. 

On  the  following  articles  there  has  been  a  decrease,  and  the  rate  is  as  follows: 

Buckram,  10  per  cent. 

Batton  covers,  10  per  cent. 

Coal  dust,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Fruit,  dried,  20  per  cent. 

Lampblack  and  ivory  black,  10  per  cent. 

Lead,  nitrate  and  acetate  of,  5  per  cent. 


\ 


TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         267 

Leather,  liunb,  sbeep,  buck,  deer,  elk,  and  antelope,  dressed  and  colored,  or  not,  10 
per  cent. 

Kid,  tanned  or  dressed,  and  colored  or  not,  15  per  cent. 

Liqaorice  paste,  not  given. 

Malrble,  in  clocks,  15  cubic  feet  and  over,  free ;  same,  under  15  cubic  feet,  10  per  cent. 

Slabs,  sawn  on  two  sides,  10  per  cent. 

Oil  or  enameled  cloth,  for  trunk  and  valise  makers,  15  per  cent. 

Paper  union  collar  cloth,  5  per  cent. 

Precious  stones,  agates,  emeralds,  garnets,  and  opals,  polished,  10  per  cent. 

Spices  (except  nutmeg  and  mace),  unground,  10  per  cent. 

Tobacco  ana  snuff,  specific  duty  of  20  per  pound  [per  cent.  t]. 

Turpentine,  spirits  of,  10  per  cent. 

Bells, except  for  churches,  30  per  cent.,  now  dutiable,  according  to  material.- 

Cloth,  of  other  materials  than  cotton  or  woolen,  made  uniform,  30  per  cent. 

Ether,  sulphuric  and  nitric,  30  per  cent. 

India-rubber  clothing,  made  water-proof,  35  per  cent. 

Jellies  and  Jams,  6  cents  per  pound,  specific. 

Magic  lanterns  and  optical  instruments,  to  be  25  per  cent. ;  nickel  anodes,  10  per 
cent. 

Pocket  books  and  purses,  added  to  trunks,  valises,  &.C.,  30  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Vaseline  and  similar  preparations  of  petroleum,  in  bulk,  5  cents  in  bottle,  or  6  cents 
perpound. 

Woolen  hosiery,  same  as  woolen  clothing,  10  cents  per  pound,  and  25  per  cent,  ad 
valorem.  . 

Dress  and  costume  cloths,  under  25  wide,  and  weighing  not  more  than  3  ounces  per 
sqipare  yard,  20  per  cent. 

1  ams,  of  wool  or  worsted,  2-ply  or  more,  different  colors  combined,  or  mohair  yams, 
white  or  any  color,  imported  by  maunfAOturers,  20  per  cent. 

On  the  following  articles  the  duty  has  been  increased : 

Acids,  acetic,  15  per  cent,  per  gallon ;  other  acids,  25  per  cent. 

Absinthe,  |2  per  eallon ;  aniline  dves,  less  than  5-pound  packages,  10  per  cent. 

AgrienltunJ  implements  and  machines  to  pay  specific  and  ad  valorem  equal  to  3S 
per  cent. ;  portable  machines,  spades,  hoes,  forks  the  same. 

Bed  comiorters  and  quilts,  27^  per  cent. 

Boot  and  shoe  laces,  30  per  cent. 

Braces  and  suspenders,  30  per  cent. 

Cards  (playing),  6  cents  per  pack. 

Carriages  to  pay  specific  and  ad  valorem  equal  to  35  per  cent. 

Carriages  (children's),  same  as  above. 

Cordage  of  all  kinds,  20  per  C/Cnt. 

Cotton,  printed  or  dyed,  27^  per  cent,  on  1st  January,  1884. 

Cases,  Jewel,  watch,  and  similar  oases,  30  per  cent. 

Cane  or  rattan,  split,  25  per  cent. 

Drain  and  sewer  pipes,  glazed,  25  per  cent. 

Fmit,  in  air-tight  cans,  3  cents  1-ponnd  cans  and  less,  and  so  in  proportion  for  larg* 
cans. 

Fnmitare,  iron  bedsteads  included  and  charged  35  per  cent.,  and  show-oases  to  bs 
ebarged  |0  each,  specific  and  35  per  cent. 

Hi3r-cloth,  30  per  cent. 

Carpeting,  matting,  or  mats,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Lamp-wicks,  30  per  cent. 

Music,  printed,  10  per  cent,  per  pound. 

Paper,  wall  and  fieudoy  papers,  30  per  cent. 

Pumps,  50  cents  each,  specific,  to  oe  added  to  present  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Steel,  in  ingots,  bars,  sheets,  coils,  to  pay  |5  per  ton  on  and  after  1st  July  next. 

Files,  speciflc^nder  9  inches  in  length,  o  cents ;  9  inches  and  over,  3  cents  per  pound. 

Tin  oystals,  20  per  cent. 

Yinegar,  15  cents  imperial  gallon. 


CHAVOES  nr  the  o avadiah  taeiff. 

RBPOST  OF  OOMMMROIAL  AGBKT  OABBOLL,  OF  FOBtP  8TAKLBT. 

I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  herein  a  list  of  the  chan^zres  made  in  the 
Oanadiau  tariff  by  the  Dominion  Oovernment  This  list  I  take  from  the 
Toronto  Mail  of  the  25th  instant.  It  is  authentic,  the  collector  of  cos- 
toms  at  that  place  having,  as  he  informs  me,  receiveid  telegraphic  instmo- 


/ 
I 


i 


268         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

tioDS  from  Ottawa  on  Saturday  to  that  effect,  and  directing  that  he  should 
be  governed  accordingly. 

PHILIP  OAEEOLL, 

Commercial  Agent 

OOMMEROIAL  AaENGY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

Port  Stanley  and  8t.  Thomas^  Canada^  February  28, 1882. 


[Inclorare  in  the  foregoing  iwporL] 

TUB  TABIFF  -CHANOB8  IN  THE  TARIFF  PROPOeBD  BY  THE  OOVERNMEKT — ^LI8T  OF 
AIITICLB8  ADDED  TO  THE  FREE  LIRT — NATIVE  INDUSTRIES  TO  BE  STILL  FUBTHXB 
ENCOURAGED— DUTY  TAKEN  OFF  TEA  AND  COFFEE. 

[From  tbe  Toronto  Hail  of  Febraary  25, 1882.] 

Ottawa,  Februarjf  84. 
The  following  are  the  chaugeH  proposed  in  the  tariff: 

To  BE  ADDED  TO  THE  FREE  LlST. 

Anatomical  preparations. 

Bees,  brass  in  sneets,  Britannia  metal  in  pigs  and  bars. 

Celluloid  in  sheets,  China  clay,  chloialnm,  coffee,  green,  except  by  act  42  Vic,  oap. 
16. 

Fowls  for  improvement  of  stock. 

Iron,  sand  or  globules,  and  dry  putty  for  polishing  granite. 

Quinine^  quicksilver 

Spelter  m  blocks  and  pigs. 

Tea,  except  as  provided  for  in  act  42  Vic,  cap.  15. 

Tin  in  blocks,  pigs,  bars,  and  sheets. 

Woods,  African  teak,  black-heart  ebony,  lignum  vitn,  red  cedars,  satin  wood. 

DUTIES  TO  BE  CHANGED. 

Bookbinders'  tools  and  implements,  including  ruling  machines  and  binders'  doth, 
from  10  to  15  per  cent. 

Glass,  common  and  colorless,  window  glass,  20  to  30  per  cent. 

Scrap  iron,  now  |2  per  too,  to  $1. 

Lead,  manufactures,  from  25  to  30  per  cent. 

Sandpaper  from  20  to  25  per  cent. 

Ships^  hulls  when  containing  machinery  to  remain  at  10  per  cent.,  but  the  machin- 
ery to  pay  25  per  cent. 

Bags  containing  fine  salt,  25  per  cent. 

Clock  springs,  now  35,  reduced  to  10  per  cent. 

Cotton-seed,  now  20  per  cent.,  reduced  to  10  per  cent,  per  busheL 

Fireworks,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Wrought- iron  tubing.  If  iuch  and  upward,  15  per  cent. ;  it  now  pays  25  between  If 
And  2  inches. 

Mustard  cake,  20  per  cent. ;  uncertain  now. 

Paraffine,  wax,  or  stearine,  3  cents  per  pound. 

Rice,  nnhuUed,  or  paddy,  17^  per  cent. 

Trees,  apple,  2i  cents;  pear,  4  cents;  plum,  5  cents;  cherry,  4  oents;  qninoe,  2^ 
•cents;  grape-vines,  4  cents. 

Silk  plush,  or  netting  for  gloves,  15  per  cent. 

Harness  and  leather  dresniuff  is  placed  under  the  head  of  blacking  at  25  per  cent. 

Belts  and  tmsses  under  the  heading  of  braces  or  suspenders. 

Kentucky  Jeans  to  pay  cotton  duty,  as  they  are  cotton. 

Knitted  cotton  cloth  to  pay  30  per  cent. ;  black  and  bleached  cotton,  three  and  six 
cords  only,  to  be  admitted  at  12i  per  cent  duty. 

Furs  the  same,  whether  wholly  or  partially  dressed. 

Bolsters  and  pillows  to  pay  the  same  duty  as  mattTes«es. 

Olass,  pressea  or  moklea,  tableware,  to  be  added  to  the  30  per  ceot.  lirt. 

Corsets,  tarpaulin  coated  with  oil,  paint,  or  tar,  cotton  bags  made  up  by  the  nae  of 
^e  needle,  30  per  cent. 

Paints,  orange  mineral  reduced  to  5  per  cent.,  being  the  same  article  as  white  load. 

Lacquers,  Japan,  and  coUodes  are  added  to  the  list  of  yarnish. 

Bptnts  and  strong  waters  mixed,  now  paying.$1.90, 20  per  cent.  Is  to  be  added. 


\ 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRISa  269 


0HAHOB8  nr  THE  OAVADIAV  TARIFF. 

MMPORT  BY  OON8XJL  LANOJB,  OF  SAINT  STEPHEN,  N.  B.,  ON  THE  CHANGES  OF  TARIFF 
AM  ENACTED  AT  THE  LAST  SESSION  OF  THE  DOMINION  PARLIAMENT. 

Acids: 
1*  Acetio,  DOW  twelve  cents  per  imperial  gallon^  to  be  fifteen  cents* 
(15  cents  x>er  I.  G.) 

Strike  out  the  words  '^  sulphnric  and  nitric  in  a  combined  state^ 
twenty  x>er  cent,  ad  valorem,"  and  substitute  the  following  in  lien 
thereof: 

2.  Sulphuric  and  nitric  combined  and  all  mixed  acids,  twenty-five  i)er 

cent,  ad  valorem.    (25  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

3.  Under  the  heading,  ^^  Books,  Ac,"  in  the  item  ^^  playing  cards," 

strike  out  the  words  and  figures  '^  thirty  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  30 
per  cent."  and  insert  the  words  ^^six  cents  per  x>ack."  (6  cents 
per  pack.) 

4^  In  the  items,  ^^  Printed  music,  bound  or  in  sheets,"  strike  out  the 
word  and  figure  ^'six,  6,"  and  insert  the  word  and  figures  ^^  ten, 
10."    (10  cents  per  i>oand.) 
6.  Braces  or  suspenders,  now  25  per  cent.,  to  be  30  per  cent.    (30  per 
cent,  ad  vaJoreui.) 
Carriages : 

Strike  out  the  whole  of  this  item  and  substitute  the  following 
in  lieu  thereof: 
6  to  12.  Carriages:  Buggies  of  all  kinds,  farm  wagons;  farm,  railway, 
or  freight  carts ;  *  pleasure  carts  or  gigs,  and  similar  vehicles,  ana 
all  other  carriages  not  otherwise  enumerated,  thirty-five  per  cent, 
ad  valorem,  to  take  effect  on  and  after  the  tenth  day  of  May 
nextb    (35  per  cent,  ad  valorem.)  * 

13.  Railway  cars,  sleighs,  cutters,  wheelbarrows,  and  hand-carts,  thirty 
per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (30  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

14  to  19.  Children's  carriages  of  all  kinds,  thirty-five  per  cent,  ad  valo- 
rem, to  take  effect  on  the  10th  of  May,  1883.  (35  per  cent,  ad 
valorem.) 

20.  Parts  of  carriages  or  other  manufactured  articles  shall  be  charged 
with  the  same  rate  of  duty,  on  a  proportionate  valuation,  as  that 
chargeable  upon  the  finished  article. 

%L  Under  the  heading  ^'  Cotton,  manufactures  of,"  in  the  item  '^  cotton, 
duck,  or  canvas  of  hemp  or  flax,  and  sail  twine,  when  to  be  usea 
for  boats  and  ships'  sails,  five  per  cent,  ad  valorem,"  strike  out 
the  words  ^^  cotton,  duck,  or"  and  provide  that:  The  importer  of 
cotton  duck  used  for  sails  of  ships  or  fishing  boats  or  other  ves- 
sels shall  be  entitled  to  a  drawback  equal  to  the  duty  paid 
thereon,  less  five  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the  article,  (m  fiarnish- 
kig  proof  that  the  duck  had  been  so  used,  under  r^ulations  to 
be  made  by  the  minister  of  customs. 

After  the  item,  ^^all  clothing  made  of  ootton  or  other  material^ 
etc,"  insert  the  item : 

S2.  Lamp-wicks  thirty  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (30  per  cent) 
And^  alsOf  the  following : 


^ 


270         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

23.  Provided  that  printed  or  dyed  cottons,  except  jeans,  contelles,  cam- 

brics, silicias,  and  casbans,  shall  on  and  after  the  first  day  of 
January,  1884,  be  charged  with  a  duty  of  twenty-seven  aod  one- 
half  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (27^  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

Strike  out  the  items  concemiug  ^^  Cordage  for  ships' puriK)ses.'' 
and  ^'  cordage,  all  other,  including  manila,  marline,  etc.,"  and 
substitute  therefor : 

24.  Cordage  of  all  kinds,  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (20  per  cent. 

ad  valorem.) 

Strike  out  the  item  <' drain-tile  and  drain-pipes  and  sewer- 
pipes,  etc.,  twenty  per  i^nt.,"  and  substitute  the  following  items 
in  lieu  thereof: 

25.  Drain-tile,  not  glazed,  twenty  i>er  cent,  ad  valorem.    (20  per  cent 

ad  valorem.) 

26.  Drainpipes  and  sewerpipes,  glazed,  twenty-five  i>er  cent.    (25  per 

cent,  id  valorem.) 

27.  Under  the  heading  ^<  Fruits,  dried,"  in  the  second  item,  ^'currants. 

dates,  etc.,"  the  duty  of  twenty-five  x>er  cent,  to  be  reduced  to 
twenty  per  cent.    (20  per  cent.) 

28.  In  the  item  ^'  fruits  in  air-tight  cans,"  after  the  words  ^^  including 

cans,"  strike  out  the  words  ^Hhree  cents  per  p<»und  if  sweetened 
and  two  cents  per  pound  if  not  sweetened,"  and  insert  the  words. 
Weighing  not  over  one  iK)und,  three  cents  per  can  (3  cents  per 
can)  and  three  cents  additional  per  can  for  each  iK)und  or  fhu)- 
tion  of  a  pound  over  ODex)Ound  in  weight. 

29.  Under  the  heading  ^<  Furniture,"  after  the  word  ^^  furniture,"  and 

before  the  word  "  house,"  insert  the  words :  Of  wood,  iron,  or  any 
other  material.  After  the  words  ^'bolsters  and  pillows,"  and  be- 
fore the  words  <^  caskets  and  coffins,"  strike  out  the  words  ^^show- 
cases," and  add  the  following  item :  Show-cases,  a  specific  duty 
of  two  dollars  each,  and,  in  addition  thereto,  thirty-five  percent, 
ad  valorem.    (35  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

30.  Under  the  hes^ing  ^'Iron  and  manufactures  of,"  after  the  item  con- 

cerning *4ap- welded  boiler-iron  tubing,"  and  before  the  item  con- 
cerning '^  bedsteads  and  other  iron  furniture,"  strike  out  the 
heading  ^^Manufactures  of  iron  or  steel,  or  of  iron  and  steel  com- 
bined.^ 

31.  In  the  item  '^  bedsteads  and  other  iron  furniture  and  ornamental 

iron  work  and  wire  work,"  strike  out  the  words  ^^  bedsteads  and 
other  iron  furniture,"  and  include  the  same  in  the  item  concern- 
ing ^^  furniture,  house,  cabinet,  or  office,"  thirty-five  per  cent. 
ad  valorem.    (35  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

After  the  item  concerning  ^<  sewing- machines,"  and  before  the 
item  concerning  <<  ink  for  writing,"  insert  the  following : 

32.  All  articles  rated  as  iron  or  manufactures  of  iron  shall  be  charge- 

able with  the  same  duty,  if  im)>ort6d,  as  steel,  or  steel  and  iron 
combined,  unless  otherwise  provided  for. 

Under  the  heading  ^^  Leather,"  in  the  item  ^'sole  and  belting 
leather  and  all  upper  leather,"  after  the  word  ^^  sheep,"  and  be- 
fore the  words  ^<  calf,  tanned  or  dressed,"  strike  out  the  words 
'^  buck  and  antelope,"  and  substitute  therefor  the  following  item: 

33.  Olove  leather,  viz,  buck,  deer,  elk,  and  ai^telope,  tanned  or  dressed, 

colored  or  not  colored,  ten  x>er  cent,  ad  valorem.  (10  per  cent, 
ad  valorem.)  .        \       1 

36.  Under  the  heading  <<  Liquorice  root,  pas^  extract  of,  for  manufact- 
uring purposes,"  the  duty  of  twenty  per  cent,  to  be  reduced  to 
fifteen  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (15  per  cent  ad  valorem.) 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         271 

36.  Under  the  heading  "  Marble,"  in  the  first  item,  after  the  word  "con- 

taining," and  before  the  word  "  fifteen,"  insert  the  words  "  less 
than,"  and  after  the  words  "  cubic  feet,"  and  before  the  words 
"  ten  per  cent.,"  strike  out  the  words  "  or  over."    (10  per  cent.) 

37.  In  the  second  item,  after  the  words  "  two  sides,"  and  before  the 

words  '^per  cent.,"  strike  out  the  word  "fifteen"  apd  insert  the 
word  "ten."    (10  per  cent.) 

38.  Under  the  heading  "Oils,"  in  the  item  concerning  "carbolic  or 

heavy  oil,"  after  the  word  "oil,"  and  before  the  words  "ten  per 
cent.,"  strike  out  the  words  "  used  in  making  wooden  block  pave- 
ments, for  heating  wood  for  building,  and  for  railway  ties,"  strike 
out  the  item  "  lubricating,  of  all  kinds,  twenty-five  x>er  cent.  a4 
valorem — 25  per  cent.,"  and  substitute  the  following: 

39.  Lubricating  oils,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  petroleum,  and  cost- 

ing thirty  cents  per  imperial  gallon  or  over,  twenty-five  per  cent, 
ad  valorem.    (25  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

40.  The  same  costing  less  than  thirty  cents  per  imx>erial  gallon  seven 

and  one-fifth  cents  x>er  imperial  gallon.  (7^  cents  per  imperial 
gallon.) 

41.  All  other  lubricating  oils,  twenty-five  percent,  ad  valorem.    (25  per 

cent,  ad  valorem.) 

42.  In  the  item  "  Paper-hangings  or  wall-paper,"  after  the  word  "  wall- 

paper," insert  the  words  "  and  glazed,  plated,  marbled,  enameled, 
or  embossed  paper,  in  rolls  or  sheets,  and  cardboard  similarly 
finished." 
43^  In  the  item  "  Union  collar  cloth  paper,"  after  the  words  "  not 
shapen,"  and  before  the  words  "  per  cent."  strike  out  the  word 
"  ten  "  and  insert  the  word  "  five."    (5  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

44.  In  the  item  concerning  "  spices,"  after  the  word  "  unground,"  and 

before  the  words  *'  per  cent.,"  strike  out  the  word  "  twenty  "  and 
insert  the  word  "  ten."    (10  cent.) 

45.  Under  the  heading  "  Tobacco,"  in  the  item  "  manufactured  tobacco 

and  snuft,"  after  the  word  "  twenty,"  strike  out  the  word  "  five," 
also  the  figures  "  25,"  and  insert  the  figures  "  20."    (20  cents  per 
pound.) 
45a.  In  the  item  "  trunks,  satchels,  valises,"  etc.,  after  the  words  "  car- 
pet-bags," insert  the  words  "  purses  and  pocket-books." 

46.  In  the  item  **  turpentine,  spirits  of,"  after  the  words  "  spirits  of," 

and  before  the  words  "  i>er  cent.,"  strike  out  the  word  "  twenty  " 
and  insert  the  word  "ten."    (10  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

47.  Under  the  heading  "  Vegetables,"  strike  out  the  words  "  tomatoes 

in  cans  two  oents  per  pound,"  and  substitute  the  following  in 
lieu  thereof,  "  tomatoes  and  other  vegetables,  including  corn,  in 
cans  weighing  not  over  one  pound,  two  cents  \yer  can  (2  cents 
per  can) ;  and  two  cents  additional  per  can  for  each  pound  or 
fraction  of  a  pound  over  one  pound  in  weight." 

48.  In  the  item  concerning  "  vinegar,"  after  the  word  "  vinegar,"  and 

before  the  word  "  cents,"  strike  out  the  word  "  twelve  "  and  in- 
sert the  word  **  fifteen."    (15  per  cent.  1.  G.) 

49.  Under  the  heading  *^  Wools  and  woolens  "  in  the  first  item,  after  the 

words  "  worsted  yams,"  strike  out  the  words  and  figures  "  undei: 
number  30,"  and  after  the  word  '^  hosiery  "  and  before  the  word 
"seven,"  strike  out  the  words  "  of  every  description,"  and  insert 
the  words  "  not  elsewhere  specified." 
M.  Ib  the  second  item  concerning  "  clothing,  ready  made,"  after  the 
word  "  including  "  and  before  the  word  "  cloth  caps''  insert  the 
words  "  knitted  goods,  viz,  socks  and  stockings.'^ 


/^ 


272         TASIFF8  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTBIES. 

51.  Dress  or  costume  cloths,  serges,  and  similar  &brics,  nnder  twenty- 
five  inches  wide  and  weighing  not  over  three  and  a  half  ounces 
per  lineal  yard,  either  or  both,  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (20 
per  cent,  id  valorem.) 
By  adding  to  Schedule  A  the  following  items,  viz : 

63.  Absinthe,  two  dollars  per  imperial  gallon.    ($2  per  I.  G.) 

54.  Agates,  sapphires,  emeralds,  garnets,  and  opals,  polished  but  not 

set  or  otherwise  manufactui^,  ten  x>er  cent,  ad  valorem.    (10  per 
cent.) 

55.  Aniline  dyes,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

(10  per  cent.) 

66  to  72.  Agricultural  implements. — Mowing  machines,  self-binding  har- 
vesters, harvesters  without  binders,  binding  attachments,  reap- 
ers, sulky  and  walking  plows  and  parts  of  the  same,  harrows, 
scythes,  horse  and  hand  hay  rakes,  garden  rakes  of  any  material, 
grain-seed  drills,  spades  and  shovels,  hoes,  hay,  straw,  manure, 
spading  and  mining  forks,  and  all  similar  articles  and  parts 
thereof,  thirty-five  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  to  take  effect  on  the  10th 
of  May  next.    (35  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

73  to  78.  Portable  machines,  iK)rtable  steam-engines,  threshers,  and 
separators,  horse-powers,  portable  saw-mills  and  fanning-mllls 
and  parts  thereof,  thirty-five  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  (35  per  cent, 
ad  valorem.) 

79.  Bed  comforters  or  quilts  of  cotton,  twenty-seven  and  a  half  j^er 

cent,  ad  valorem.    (27^  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

80.  Bells  of  any  material,  except  for  churches,  thirty  per  cent,  ad  va- 

lorem.   (30  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

81.  Boot,  shoe,  and  stay  laces  of  any  material,  thirty  per  cent,  ad  va- 

lorem.   (30  per  cent,  ad  valorem.)  ^ 

83.  Button  covers,  crosier,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (10  per  cent,  ad 

valorem.) 

84.  Cane  or  rattan,  split  or  otherwise  manuifactured,  twenty-five  per 

cent,  ad  valorem.    (25  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

85.  Cases:  jewel  and  watch  cases,  and  other  like  articles  of  any  mate- 

rial, thirty  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (30  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

86.  Coal  dust,  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

87.  Hair  cloth,  thirty  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (30  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

88.  India-rubber  clothing  or  clothing  made  waterproof  with  India  rub- 

ber, thirty-five  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (35  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

89.  Jellies  and  jams,  five  cents  per  pound.    (5  cents  per  pound.) 

90.  Jute  carpeting  or  matting  and  mats,  twenty-five  per  cent,  ad  val- 

•  orem.    (25  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

91.  Lampblack  and  ivory  black,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (10  per  x^ent. 

ad  valorem.) 

92.  Lead,  nitrate,  and  acetate  of,  five  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (5  i>er  cent. 

ad  valorem.) 

93.  Magic  lanterns  and  optical  instruments,  including  microsoropes  and 

telescopes,  twenty-five  x>er  cent,  ad  valorem.     (25  per  cent,  ad 
valorem.) 

94.  Nickel  anodes,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (10  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

96.  Pumps,  iron,  pitcher,  spout,  cistern,  well,  and  force  pumps,  thirty- 

five  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (35  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

97.  Tin  cr^'stals,  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.) 

98.  Yaseline,  and  similar  preparations  of  petroleum  for  toilet,  medici- 

nal, or  other  purposes,  in  bulk,  four  cents  per  pomidi    (4ceB!C8 
per  pound. 


\ 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         273 

In  bottles  or  other  packages,  not  over  one  pound  in  weight 
each,  six  cents  per  pound.     (6  cents  per  pound.) 

Under  heading  "  steel  and  manufactures  of,"  strike  out  the 
first  item  concerning  "Steel  in  ingots,  bars,  sheets,  and  coils  and 
railway  bars  or  rails  and  fish  plates,"  and  substitute  the  follow- 
ing in  lieu  thereof: 

99.  Steel,  ingots,  bars,  sheets,  and  coils  uot  elsewhere  specified,  a  spe- 

cific duty  of  five  dollars  per  ton,  to  take  effect  on  and  after  the  first 
of  July  next,  and  to  remain  free  of  duty  until  that  date.  ($5  per 
ton.) 

100.  Spades,  &c.,  strike  out  the  words  "  including  files,"  and  add  the 

following  item: 

101.  Files  and  rasps,  thirty-five  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    (35  per  cent,  ad 

valorem.) 

102.  Alter  the  item  concerning  "  proprietary  medicines,"  and  before  the 

item  concerning  "prunella,"  insert  the  following: 

"  All  medicinal  preparations,  whether  chemical  or  otherwise, 
usually  imported  with  the  name  of  the  manufacturer,  shall  have 
the  true  name  of  such  manufacturer,  and  the  place  wheie  they 
are  prepared,  permanently  and  legibly  affixed  to  each-  parcel  by 
stamp,  label,  or  otherwise;  and  ^l  medicinal  preparations  im- 
ported without  such  names  so  affixed  shall  be  forfeited."  The 
alterations  in  customs  duties,  on  the  articles  enumerated  in  the 
several  items  of  this  resolution,  viz,  from  item  1  to  5,  inclusive, 
13,  from  20  to  22,  inclusive,  from  24  to  44,  inclusive,  from  45a  to 
55,  inclusive,  from  79  to  98,  inclusive,  from  100  to  102,  inclusive, 
shall  take  efiect  on  and  after  the  20th  April,  1883. 
Resolvedj  That  it  is  expedient  to  amend  Schedule  B  of  the  said  acts 
by  the  iollowiug  alterations  therein  and  additions  thereto : 

After  the  wo^i  ''agates"  strike  out  the  word  "unmanufactured"  and 
insert  the  words,  "rubies,  pearls,  sapphires,  emeralds,  garnets,  and 
opals,  not  polished  nor  otherwise  manufactured."  After  the  words 
"aniline  dyes"  add  the  words  "in  bulk  or  packages  of  not  less  than 
one  pound  weight." 

Mineral  waters,  natural :  "  Under  regulations  to  be  made  by  the  min- 
ister of  customs." 

After  the  words  "celluloid  or  hyolite  in  sheets,"  add  the  words  "lumps 
or  blocks." 

Under  the  heading  "colors, dry"  strike  out  the  words  "  blanc  fixe" 
and  *'  mayacca  "  and  add  the  words  "  metallic  colors,  viz,  cobalt,  zinc, 
and  tin." 

Diamond  drills,  for  prospecting  for  minerals. 
Dye,  jet  black. 

Kainite,  or  German  potash  salts,  for  fertilizers. 
Under  the  heading  "  Lumber  and  timber,"  after  the  word  "  chestnut," 
and  before  the  word  "  mahogony,"  insert  the  word  "  gumwood,"  and 
after  the  closing  word  " manufactured "  add  the  words  "and  sawdust 
of  the  same :  Provided^  That  hickory  lumber,  sawn  to  shape  for  spokes 
of  wheels,  but  not  further  manufactured,  shall  be  also  free." 

Under  the  heading  "  Settlers'  effects,"  after  the  words  "  removal  to 
Canada,"  and  before  the  words  "not  to  include"  insert  the  words 
"  musical  instruments,  domestic  sewing  machines,  live  stock,  carts,  and 
other  vehicles,  and  agricultural  implements  in  use  by  the  settler  for  at 
least  one  year  before  his  removal  to  Canada,"  and  after  the  word  "  ma- 
chinery "  strike  out  the  words  "  or  live  stock,"  and  after  the  words 
"  entered  as  settlers'  effects  "  and  before  the  words  "  shall  not  be  sold  " 

1784  CONG — A  P 18 


/^ 


274  TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

insert  the  words  "  cannot  be  so  entered  unless  brou^j^bt  with  the  settler 
on  his  first  arrival  and." 

So  much  of  Schedule  A  as  imposes  any  duty  of  customs  on  the  follow- 
ing goods  is  hereby  repealed,  and  the  same  are  added  to  Schedule  B  of 
free  goods,  viz : 

Anphaltum. 

Books,  bound,  which  shall  have  been  printed  more  than  seven  years 
at  the  date  of  importation,  except  that  foreign  reprints  of  English  copy- 
righted books  shall  be  subject  to  the  copyright  duty. 

Books  printed  by  any  Government,  or  by  any  scientific  association, 
or  other  society  now  existing  for  the  promotion  of  learning  and  letters 
issued  in  the  course  of  their  proceedings,  and  not  for  the  purpose  of 
trade. 

Ohrouometers  and  compasses  for  ships. 

Copper  in  sheets. 

Hatters'  plush,  of  silk  or  cotton. 

Iron  and  steel,  old  and  scrap. 

Iron  beams,  sheets  or  plates,  and  knees,  for  iron  or  composite  ships. 

Iodine,  crude. 

Manuscripts. 

Marble  in  blocks,  from  the  quarry,  in  the  rough,  or  sawn  on  two  sides 
only,  and  not  specially  shapen,  containing  fifteen  cubic  feet  or  over. 

iSrewspapers:  After  the  word  "magazines,"  and  before  the  word  "un- 
bound," add  "and  weekly  literary  papers." 

Ottar  of  roses. 

Platinum  wire. 

Seeds :  anise,  coriander,  cardamom,  fennel,  and  fenugreek. 

Spurs  and  stilts,  used  in  the  manuiacture  of  earthenware. 

Sausage  skins  or  casings,  not  cleaned. 

Valerian  root. 

Wire  of  brass  or  copper,  round  or  flat. 

Wire  of  iron  or  steel,  galvanized  or  tinned,  15  gauge  or  smaller. 

Wire  of  spring  steel,  coppered,  for  the  manu^ture  of  mattresses, 
number  nine  gauge  and  smaller. 

Strike  the  item  concerning  "steel  in  ingots,  bars,  sheets,  and  coils, 
railway  bars,  and  fish  plates"  and  insert  the  following: 

Steel  railway  bars  or  rails,  and  fish  plates,  and  in  sheets  for  the  manu- 
facture of  saws. 

This  resolution  shall  take  effect  on  and  after  the  20th  April,  1883 : 

Resolved,  That  it  is  expedient  to  provide  by  law  that  the  export  of 
deer,  wild  turkeys,  and  quail  in  the  carcass  be  prohibited;  and  that  a 
penalty  be  imposed  for  every  breach  of  such  prohibition. 

LIST  OF  ARTICLES  ON  WHICH  THE  TABIFF  WAS  RAISED  AT  THE  LAST 
SESSION  OF  THE  DOMINION  PARLIAMENT  AND  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS. 

Acids. — Acetic,  from  12  cents  per  imperial  gallon  to  16  cents  per  im- 
perial p:allon.  Sulphuric  and  nitric  combined  and  all  mixed  acids, 
twenty-five  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Playing  cards,  from  thirty  per  cent,  ad  valorem  to  six  cents  per  pack. 

Printed  music,  from  six  cents  per  pound  to  ten  cents  per  pound. 

Braces  and  suspenders,  from  twenty-five  per  cent,  to  thirty  per  cent, 
ad  valorem. 

Carriages — buggies  of  all  kinds,  farm  wagons,  farm,  railway,  or 
freight  carts,  pleasure  carts  or  gigs,  and  similsur  vehicles,  and  all  other 


N 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES.  275 

carriages  not  otherwise  enumerated,  from  thirty  to  thirty  per  cent  ad 
valorem. 

Parts  of  carriages,  from  thirty  to  thirty-five  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Lamp  wicks,  from  twenty  to  thirty  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Printed  or  dyed  cotton,  except  jeans,  coutilles,  cambrics,  silicias,  and 
casbans,  to  twenty-seven  and  one-half  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Cordage  of  all  kinds,  formerly  from  ten  to  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem^ 
'now  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Drain  pipes  and  sewer  pipes,  glazed,  from  twenty  per  cent,  to  twenty- 
five  per  ceut.  ad  valorem. 

Show  cases,  a  specific  duty  of  two  dollars  each  in  addition  to  thirty- 
five  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Bedsteads  and  other  iron  furniture,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-five 
per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

^larble  in  blocks,  in  the  rough  or  sawed  on  two  sides,  containing  less 
than  fifteen  cubic  feet,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Viuegar,  from  twelve  cents  to  fifteen  cents  per  imperial  gallon. 

Agricultural  implements,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-five  per  cent,  ad 
valorem. 

Boots  and  shoes,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Cases,  jewel  and  watch  cases,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-five  per  cent, 
ad  valorem. 

Coal  dust,  from  fifty  cents  per  ton  to  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

India  rubber  clothing,  &c.,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-five  per  c>ent. 
ad  valorem. 

Jute  carpeting  and  matting,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  per  cent,  ad 
valorem. 

Nickel  anodes,  formerly  free,  to  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Steel,  ingots,  bars,  sheets,  and  coils,  a  specific  duty  of  five  dollars  per 
ton,  formerl}^  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Shovels,  spades,  files  and  rasps,  hoes ;  hay,  manure,  and  potato  forks : 
rakes  and  rake  teeth;  carpentersV coopers',  cabine^makers',  and  all 
other  mechanics'  tools;  edge  tools  of  every  description;  axes,  scythes, 
and  saws  of  all  kinds,  fix)m  thirty  to  thirty-five  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

NEW^  ARTICLES  ADDED. 

Children's  carriages,  thirty-five  per  ceut.  ad  valorem. 

Dress  or  costume  cloths,  serges,  and  similar  fabrics,  under  twenty- 
five  inches  wide  and  weighing  not  over  three  and  a  half  ounces  per 
linear  yard,  either  or  both,  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Absinthe,  two  dollars  per  imperial  gallon. 

Agates,  sapphires,  emeralds,  garnets,  and  opals,  polished  but  not  set 
or  otherwise  manufactured,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Bed  comforters,  or  quilts  of  cotton,  twenty-seven  and  a  half  per  cent, 
ad  valorem. 

Button  covers,  crosier,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Cane  and  rattan,  split  or  otherwise  manufactured,  twenty-five  per 
cent,  ad  valorem. 

Hair  cloth,  thirty  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Jellies  and  jams,  five  cents  per  pound. 

Lamp-black  and  ivory  black,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Lea4f  nitrate  and  acetate  of,  five  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Magic  lanterns  and  optical  instruments,  including  microscopes  and 
telescopes,  twenty-five  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 


276         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Pumps,  iron,  pitcher,  spoat,  cisteru,  well,  and  force  pumps,  thirty-five 
per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Tin  ciystals,  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Vaseline,  and  all  similar  preparations  of  petroleum  for  toilet,  medi- 
cinal, and  other  purposes,  four  cents  per  pound ;  in  bottles  or  other 
packages  not  over  one  pound  in  weight  each,  six  cents  per  pound. 

Aniline  dyes,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

a 

ARTICLES  ON  WHICH  THE  TARIFF  HAS  BEEN  REDUCED. 

Fruits  dried,  currants,  dates,  &c.,  from  twenty- five  to  twenty  per  cent, 
ad  valorem. 

Sole  and  belting  leather,  and  all  upper  leather,  including  kid,  lamb, 
sheep,  buck,  deer,  elk,  and  antelope,  tanned  or  dressed,  colored  or  not 
colored,  calf,  tanned  or  dressed,  from  fifteen  to  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Licorice  root,  part  extract  of,  for  manufacturing  purpose,  from  twenty 
to  fifteen  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Marble  slabs,  sawn  on  not  more  than  two  sides,  from  fifteen  to  ten 
per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Union  collar  cloth  paper,  from  ten  to  five  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Spices,  from  twenty  to  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Manufactured  tobacco,  from  twenty-five  to  twenty  cents  per  pound. 

Turpentine,  spirits  of,  frt)m  twenty  to  ten  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

OTHER  CHANGES. 

The  importer  of  cotton  duck,  used  for  sails  of  ships  or  fishing  boats 
or  other  vessels,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  drawback  equal  to  the  duty  paid 
thereon,  less  five  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the  article,  on  furnishing  proof 
that  the  duck  had  been  so  used,  under  regulations  to  be  made  by  the 
minister  of  customs. 

In  the  item,  "  Fruits  in  air-tight  cans,''  after  the  words,  "  including 
cans,''  strike  out  the  words  **  three  cents  per  pound  if  sweetened,  and 
two  cents  per  pound  if  not  sweetened,"  and  insert  the  words :  "  Weighing 
not  over  one  pound,  three  cents  per  can,  and  three  cents  additional  per 
can  for  each  pound  or  fraction  of  a  pound  over  one  pound  in  weight." 

All  articles  rated  as  iron  or  manufactures  of  iron  shall  be  chargeable 
with  the  same  duty  if  imported  as  steel,  or  steel  and  iron  combing,  un- 
less otherwise  provided  for. 

Lubricating  oils,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  petroleum,  and  cost- 
ing thirty  cents  per  imperial  gallon  or  over,  twenty-five  per  cent,  ad 
valorem. 

The  same  costing  less  than  thirty  cents  per  imperial  gallon  and  seven 
and  one-fifth  cents  per  imperial  gallon. 

All  other  lubricating  oils,  twenty  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

In  the  item  ''Trunks,  satchels,  valises,  &c,"  '^purses  and  pocket 
books  "  are  added. 

Under  the  heading  "Vegetables,"  strike  out  the  words  "  tomatoes  in 
cans  two  cents  per  pound,"  and  substitute  the  following  in  lieu  thereof: 
"  Tomatoes  and  other  vegetables,  including  corn  in  cans,  weighing  not 
over  one  pound,  two  cents  per  can,  and  two  cents  additional  per  can 
for  each  pound  or  fraction  of  a  pound  pver  one  pound  in  weight." 

Under  the  heading  ''  Wools  and  woolens"  in  the  first  item,  after  the 
words  "Worsted  yarns,"  strike  out  the  words  and  figures  "under  num- 
ber 30,"  and  after  the  word  "hosiery "and  before  the  word  "seven" 
strike  out  the  words  "  of  every  description,"  and  insert  the  words  "  not 
elsewhere  specified." 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL.   COUNTRIES.  277 

In  tlie  second  item  concerning  "clothing  read}^  made,'^  after  the 
word  "including''  and  before  the  words  "cloth  caps''  insert  the  words 
^*  knitted  goods,  viz :  socks  and  stockings." 

After  the  item  concerning  "  proprietary  medicines,"  and  before  the 
item  concerning  "prunella,"  insert  the  following:  "All  medicinal  prep- 
arations, whether  chemical  or  otherwise,  usually  imported  with  tlie 
name  of  the  manufacturer,  shall  have  the  true  name  of  such  manu- 
facturer and  the  place  where  they  are  prepared  permanently  and  legibly 
affixed  to  each  parcel  by  stamp,  label,  or  otherwise ;  and  all  medicinal 
preparations  imported  without  such  names  so  affixed  shall  be  forfeited." 

ADDITION  TO  FREE  GOODS  AND  CHANGES. 

Agates,  rubies,  pearls,  sapphires,  emeralds,  garnets,  and  opals,  not 
polished  uor  otherwise  manufactured. 

Aniline  dyes  in  bulk  or  packages  of  not  less  than  one  pound  weight. 

Mineral  waters,  natural. 

Celluloid  or  hyolite  in  sheets,  lumps,  or  blocks.  • 

Colors,  dry,  viz :  blue-black,  Chinese  blue,  Prussian  blue,  and  raw 
nmber.  In  pulp,  viz :  carmine,  cologne,  rose  lakes,  scarlet  and  maroon, 
satin  and  fine-washed  white,  and  ultramarine  blue.  Metallic  colors, 
viz:  cobalt,  zinc,  and  tin. 

Diamond  drills  for  prospecting  for  minerals. 

Dye,  jet  black. 

Kainite  or  German  potash  salts  for  fertilizers. 

Lumber  and  timber,  plank  and  boards,  sawn,  of  box-wood,  cherry, 
walnut,  chestnut,  gum-wood,  mahogany,  pitch-pine,  rosewood,  sandal- 
wood, Spanish  cedar,  oak,  hickory,  and  white-wood,  not  shaped,  planed, 
or  otherwise  manufactured,  and  sawdust  of  the  same:  provided  that 
hickory  lumber,  sawn  to  shape  for  spokes  of  wheels,  but  not  further 
manufactured,  shall  be  also  free. 

Settlers'  effects,  viz:  wearing  apparel,  household  furniture,  profes 
sional  books,  implements,  and  tools  of  trade,  occupation,  or  employment, 
which  the  settler  has  had  in  actual  use  for  at  least  six  months  before 
removal  to  Canada,  musical  instruments,  domestic  sewing  machines, 
live  stock,  carts  and  other  vehicles,  and  agricultural  implements  in  use 
b3'  the  settler  for  at  least  one  year  before  his  removal  to  Canada,  not  to 
include  machinery,  or  articles  imported  for  use  in  any  manufacturing 
establishment,  or  for  sale:  provided  that  any  dutiable  article  entered  as 
settlers'  effects  cannot  be  so  entered  unless  brought  with  the  settler  on 
his  first  arrival,  and  shall  not  be  sold. 

The  following  goods  are  added  to  the  list  of  free  goods : 

Asphaltum. 

Books,  bound,  which  shall  have  been  printed  more  than  seven  years 
at  the  date  of  importation,  except  that  foreign  reprints  of  English  copy- 
righted books  shall  be  subject  to  the  copyright  duty. 

Books  printed  by  any  Government,  or  by  any  scientific  association 
or  other  society  now  existing  for  the  promotion  of  learning,  and  letters 
issued  in  the  course  of  their  proceedings  and  not  for  the  purpose  of 
trade. 

Chronometers  and  compasses  for  ships. 

Copper,  in  sheets. 

Hatters'  plush,  of  silk  or  cotton. 

Iron  and  steel,  old  and  scrap. 

Iron  beams,  sheets  or  plates,  and  knees  for  iron  or  composite  ships. 

Iodine,  crude. 

Manuscripts. 


278  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Marble  in  blocks,  from  the  qaarry  in  the  rough,  or  sawn  on  two  sides 
only,  and  not  specially  shapeu,  containing  fifteen  cubic  feet  or  over. 

Newspaper,  and  quarterly,  monthly,  and  semi-monthly  magazines  and 
weekly  literary  papers,  unbound. 

Attar  of  roses. 

Platinum  wire. 

Seeds,  ani8e,  coriander,  fennel  and  fenugreek. 

Spurs  and  stilts,  used  in  the  manufiEicture  of  earthenware. 

Sausage  skins  or  casings,  not  cleaned. 

Valerian  root. 

Wire  of  brass  or  copper,  round  or  flat. 

Wire  of  iron  or  steel,  galvanized  or  tinned,  fifteen  gange  or  smaller. 

Wire  of  spring  steei,  coppered,  for  the  manufacture  of  mattresses, 
number  nine  gauge  and  smaller. 

Strike  out  the  item  concerning  ^^  Steel  in  ingots,  bars,  sheets  and  coils, 
railway  bars  and  fish  plates,"  and  insert  the  following : 

Steel  railway  bars  or  rails,  and  fish  plates,  and  in  sheets  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  saws. 

The  export  of  deer,  wild  turkeys,  and  quail  in  the  carcass  is  prohibited. 

PAUL  LANGE, 

ConsuL 

Unitbd  States  Consulate, 

Saint  Stephen^  N'.  B.j  June  9, 1883. 


THE  CAVADIAN  AND  AMEEICAV  TARIFFS. 

RJEPOBT  BY  CONSUL  PACE,  OF  PORT  SABNIA,  ON  THE  CANADIAN  AND  AMERICAN 
TARIFFS  AND  THEIR  EFFECT  VPON  TRADE  AND  MANUFACTURES. 

THE   CANADIAN  TARIFF. 

I  have  watched  with  much  interest  during  the  past  few  years  what  is 
known  in  this  country  as  the  national  policy,  being  in  fact  the  system 
of  protective  tariff  inaugurated  and  carried  into  effect  by  Sir  John  A. 
McDonald  and  the  party  which  sustains  him.  During  the  very  active 
political  campaign  of  1877,  the  watchword  of  the  conservative  party  was 
protection  to  Canadian  industries.  The  reform  party  then  in  power, 
and  under  the  able  leadership  of  the  Hon.  Alexander  McKenzie,  took 
direct  issue  with  the  conservatives  on  this  point.  The  result  was  a 
sweeping  victory  for  Sir  John  and  the  party  of  protection.  The  time 
selected  by  the  conservative  leader  for  the  introduction  of  his  new  policy 
could  not  have  been  better  chosen,  as  it  was  during  the  great  mone- 
tary crisis,  when  the  business  of  this  country  (and  most  other  countries 
of  the  globe)  was  suffering  in  the  throes  of  commercial  paralysis,  the 
industries  of  the  Dominion  were  languishing,  and  expressions  of  discon- 
tent were  everywhere  prevalent;  but  the  decisive  majorities  which  pro- 
tection received  at  the  polls  must  have  surprised  even  the  leaders  of 
the  "policy.'' 

After  election  the  reins  of  government  were  duly  handed  over  to  the 
victors,  and  the  defeated  reform  party  became  once  more  the  party  of 
the  opposition.  It  was  confidently  predicted  that  this  party  of  protec- 
tion, being  on  the  question  of  tariff  so  decidedly  anti-British  in  senti- 
ment, could  not  long  endure  in  Britain's  chief  colonial  dependency,  and 
that  the  policy  of  Sir  John  would  surely  suffer  defeat  when  it  again 
sought  the  suf&age  of  the  electors;  but  in  this  the  advocates  of  free 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         279^ 

trade,  or  low  tariff,  were  mistaken.  After  a  trial  of  four  years  it  was- 
foand  that  this  system  had  given  new  life  to  Canadian  indastries,  and 
that  it  had  gained  friends  from  the  ranks  of  the  opposition;  and  a  new 
election  for  members  of  Parliament  which  occurred  this  summer,  only 
expressed  again  the  confidence  of  the  Canadian  people  in  a  system  which 
protects  la^r  and  its  products.  To  say  that  Canada  has  not  been 
benefited  by  the  policy  of  protection  would  be  to  ignore  facts  in  the 
outset. 

At  this  i)oint  is  shipped,  by  tri-weekly  line  of  steamers,  the  imple- 
ments of  agriculture  and  tools  of  trade  which  are  destined  to  play  an 
important  part  in  the  development  of  Canada's  great  tiorthwestern 
possessions.  These  products  of  the  loom,  the  anvil,  the  furnace,  the 
field,  the  workshop,  and  the  factory  are  all  the  products  of  Canadian 
industry.  Take  away  the  tariff,  and  a  more  convenient  market  would 
doubtless  be  found  for  the  pioneers  of  the  British  territory ;  but  the 
factories  and  workshops  of  Ontario,  which  are  now  crowded  to  their 
fullest  capacity,  would  have  to  close  their  doors  and  discharge  their 
artisans. 

THE  AMERICAN  TARIFF. 

Whilst  upon  the  subject  of  tariff  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  offer  a  few 
thoughts  upon  our  own  tariff  legislation,  and  especially  in  its  relation  to 
the  products  of  Canada.  During  the  past  year  the  price  paid  in  Port 
Sarnia  for  merchantable  combing-wool  in  the  fleece  was  from  17  to  22 
cents  per  pound.  During  the  same  period  of  time  (being  the  season 
when  farmers  usually  dispose  of  their  wool  crop)  the  same  class  of  wool 
found  ready  market  in  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  at  from  36  to  42  cents  per 
ponnd.  As  only  one  mile  intervenes  between  the  two  cities,  and  as  the 
American  duties  on  this  class  of  wool,  together  with  entrance  fees, 
amount  to  only  about  13  cents  per  pound,  a  number  of  Canadian  farmers 
in  this  vicinity  took  advantage  of  this  difference  in  price  between  the 
two  countries,  and  sent  their  wool  to  the  Port  Huron  market.  The 
advocates  of  a  diluted  tariff  will  argue  that  if  the  duty  on  wool  should 
be  entirely  removed,  or  reduced  to  but  a  fraction  of  the  present  rate, 
that  foreign  competition  would  step  in  and  reduce  the  price  of  this 
product,  and  render  much  cheaper  the  price  of  clothing  to  the  masses. 
Upon  this  point  I  have  again  to  offer  some  observations  as  a  witness  in 
a  number  of  instances. 

These  farmers  from  Canada,  after  having  disposed  of  their  wool  in 
Port  Huron,  actually  invested  the  proceeds  in  American  ready-made 
clothing ;  brought  the  same  back  to  Canada,  and  paid  on  it  a  duty 
aggregating  about  27  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  and  then  claimed  to  have 
made  money  by  the  transaction  both  ways. 

Some  years  ago  Congress  deemed  it  wise  to  remove  the  duty  on  ani- 
mus of  sui>erior  breed  imported  into  the  United  States  especially  for 
breeding  purposes.  At  the  time,  this  action  of  Congress  met  the  hearty 
approval  of  farmers  and  breeders  everywhere,  and  I  have  no  doubt  but 
this  legislation  had  a  tendency  to  stimulate  to  some  extent  the  desire 
on  the  part  of  the  American  farmer  to  improve  the  breed  of  his  domes- 
tic animals.  Large  numbers  of  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine  were 
purchased  in  Canada  by  American  buyers  for  this  purpose,  and  the 
sale  of  breeding  animals  still  continues  to  a  very  large  extent.  The 
Canadian  stock  raiser  was  not  slow  in  finding  out  that  animals  espe- 
cially adapted  for  breeding  purposes  were  in  growing  demand,  whilst 
thepHces  of  working  horses,  stoie  cattle,  and  sheep,  only  merchantable 
when  consigned  to  the  slaughter-house,  the  livery  stable,  or  the  plow^ 


280  TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVEKAL   COUNTRIES. 

had  not  advanced  vei^'  materially  in  price.  The  animal  which  had  been 
raised  to  the  dignity  of  a  breeder  at  once  became  much  more  valuable 
to  the  Canadian  stock-raiser,  and  as  a  consequence  the  price  to  the 
American  buyer  was  correspondingly  advanced,  in  most  cases  fully  50 
per  cent. 

Here  we  have  another  lesson  from  observation,  and  it  teaches  this: 
Tbe  only  farmer  who  has  been  benefited  by  the  abolition  of  the  duty  on 
breeding  animals  is  the  Canadian  farmer ;  the  mare  which  for  ordinary 
purposes  he  had  sold  for  $100  he  now  finds  to  -be  more  valuable  to  the 
American  buyer,  as,  in  consequence  of  her  admission  to  free  entry,  the 
purchaser  for  the  American  market  can  afford  to  pay  at  least  an  ad- 
vance of  20  per  cent.,  the  sum  which,  under  former  tariff  regulations, 
he  was  called  upon  to  pay  as  duty  to  the  United  States  Government. 
But  the  Canadian  stock  raiser  does  not  stop  at  a  mere  advance  of  20 
per  cent.,  but  in  most  cases  the  value  of  breeding  animals  is  advanced 
50  per  cent.,  and  even  more,  and  the  transaction  may  be  analyzed  thus : 
The  Canadian  farmer  gets  ^50  more  than  he  would  have  received  but 
for  the  abolition  of  duty  on  the  mare  he  sella ;  the  American  buyer  pays 
$50  more  than  he  would  have  paid  had  the  duty  been  allowed  to  remain, 
and  the  United  States  Government  derives  not  a  cent  of  customs  reve- 
nue from  the  importation. 

I  speak  of  the  free  importation  of  breeding  animals,  as  in  this  case  it 
seemed  to  be  the  desire  of  Congress  to  remove,  as  much  as  possible, 
what  seemed  to  be  a  burden  to  the  American  stock-raiser,  and  to  inspire 
him  with  a  desire  to  improve  the  breed  of  his  animtils.  In  some  degree, 
as  I  have  before  intimated,  he  may  have  been  encouraged  to  purchase 
superior  animals  for  breeding  purposes,  but  the  cost  of  these  animals 
has  not  been  lessened  to  the  American  bu3'er  by  legislative  enactment. 
As  in  all  other  like  acts  of  legislation,  it  has  only  enriched  the  foreign 
producer  at  the  expense  of  the  American  purchaser. 

SAMUEL  D.  PACE, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Part  Samiaj  Ontario^  September  29, 1882. 


protective  policy. 

the  protective  policy. 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  perceived  that  the  fiscal  policy  of  Can- 
ada is  based  on  the  same  principles  as  that  of  the  United  States.  That 
it  is  avowedly  so  is  conceded  by  tliose  who  framed  and  established  it. 
Canada  is  not  so  well  situated  politically  or  geographically  as  the  United 
States  are  for  the  development  of  native  manufaetories.  This  seems  to 
be  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  while  frequent  attempts  to  establish  large 
manufacturing  concerns  have  been  made  in  the  province  in  Quebec, 
they  have  failed  to  retain  the  native  population  in  the  country  ;  while 
the  manufacturing  towns  of  the  Eastern  States  are  full  of  French  Cana- 
dians, who  there  Snd  employment  in  the  mills  and  factories.  Perhaps 
this  may  be  accounted  for  by  the  rates  of  wages,  which  are  higher  in 
the  United  States  than  in  the  Dominion,  while  the  cost  of  living  is  no 
greater.  In  order,  therefore,  for  Canadian  manufacturers  to  compete 
successfully  with  the  United  States,  wages  must  be  increased;  because 
the  hands  will  not  work  at  home  for  less  than  they  can  get  by  going  a 
day's  journey.    Besides,  steady  employment  is  not  always  to  be  had 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SFVERAL  COUNTRIES.         281 

on  this  side  of  the  line.  The  superior  advantages  and  better  opportu- 
nities to  be  found  iu  the  United  States  must  continue  to  attract  the  young 
men  of  the  Dominion  to  seek  their  fortunes  by  emigration.  That  it  will 
be  many  years  before  this  condition  of  affairs  will  change  is  evident; 
and  not  until  the  United  States  is  much  more  densely  populated,  and 
the  struggle  for  existence  consequently  intensified,  will  Canada  be,ii:in  to 
rise  to  that  measure  of  prosperity,  of  which  its  vast  resources  undoubt- 
edly contain  both  the  promise  and  the  potency.  At  the  same  time  it 
must  not  be  forgotten  that  the  relations  of  the  two  countries  are  so 
intimate  that  prosperity  in  the  one  is  surely  reflected  in  the  other. 
It  is  a  fact  that  cannot  be  gainsaid  that  the  people  of  the  Dominion  are 
at  this  moment  beneficially  sharing  the  good  times  which  have  reap- 
peared within  the  past  two  years  in  the  United  States. 


EFFECTS  OF  THE  TAEIFF. 

CANADIAN  TARIFF  AND  EMIGRATION. 

The  commercial  agent  at  Ottawa  writes  as  follows  concerning  the 
effect  of  the  tariff  on  American  trade  with  Canada,  and  emigration 
therefrom  to  the  United  States: 

Owing  to  the  operation  of  the  new  protective  tariff,  the  imports  of  manofactares  from 
the  United  States  have  fallen  below  any  preceding  year  for  a  long  period.  The  principal 
articles  however,  is  anthracite  coal ;  and  this  shows  an  increase  from  10,000  tons  brought 
in  the  last  year  to  14.000  tons  in  the  present  year.  The  duty  of  60  cents  a  ton  has  there- 
fore failedto  affect  the  grade,  it  having  been  found  imx>086ibleto  force  Novia  Scotia  coal 
as  far  west  as  this  point,  to  compete  with  the  American  market.  On  the  other  hand 
the  trade  iu  American  refined  sugar  seems  to  have  been  completely  killed  by  the  tariff. 
Before  the  present  tariff  came  into  operation  nearly  all  the  sugar  used  here  came  from 
the  United  States,  but  now  the  trade  is  monopolized  by  two  relineries  at  Montreal, 
which  enjoy  a  protection  that  effectually  shuts  out  all  foreign  competition. 

The  tea  trade  is  also  very  much  cut  off  from  the  United  States  by  the  law  which 

S laced  a  discriminating  duty  on  all  teas  that  do  not  come  in  unbroken  cargoes  to  Cana- 
ian  porta. 


AMEBICAV  DUTIES  AND  CANADIAN  EXP0ET8. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  BLODOETT,  OF  PRE800TT. 

1  notice  by  the  press  that  there  may  be  a  modification  in  the  tariff  on 
hay.  Will  it  be  in  order  for  a  consul  placed  where  a  large  amount  of 
this  article  is  exported  to  say  a  word  on  this  subject! 

There  is  hardly  an  exportation  the  real  value  of  which  is  more  varia- 
ble, and  none  where  it  is  more  difficult  to  arrive  at  this  value,  owing  to 
different  qualities  and  prices  in  different  localities. 

If  a  change  is  to  be  made,  I  would  suggest  a  specific  duty  as  better 
for  the  Government  and  exporter.  1  believe  better  faith  is  kept  with 
the  Government  in  exporting  merchandise  carrying  a  8i>ecific  duty  than 
ad  valorem. 

While  on  this  subject  of  specific  duties,  I  would  like  to  say  a  word 
about  hop  poles,  railroad  ties,  telegraph  poles,  fence  posts,  eggs,  and 
iron  ore.  1  am  told  that  exporters  of  hop  poles  are  protesting  against 
the  present  duty,  but  they  purchase  with  their  eyes  open,  and  every 
dollar  they  may  recover  from  the  Government  is  so  much  put  in  their 
pockets  iu  profits. 

Another  thing  is  as  certain — the  moment  the  tariff  is  taken  off  hop 
|)ole8,  that  moment  they  go  up  in  price  here  just  the  amount  of  the 
present  duty.  It  is  so  with  all  exportations.  Butter  pays  4  cents  per 
pound  duty.    It  is  5^  to  6  cents  less  in  price  here  than  in  American 


282         TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

towns  on  the  frontier.  Potatoes  pay  16  cents  per  bushel  duty.  They 
are  18  to  22  cents  per  bushel  lower  here  than  on  the  frontier  aci*oss  the 
Saiut  Lawrence. 

Eailroad  ties  are  clearly  a  manufactured  article,  finished  on  both  sides 
and  in  length  for  immediate  use,  yet  they  go  into  the  United  States  free^ 
as  do  al80  telegraph  poles  and  cedar  and  other  fence  posts. 

Iron  ore  pays  a  duty  of  20  per  cent.,  but  up  to  last  year  was  en- 
tered at  all  sorts  of  prices.  The  shipments  will  be  large  the  coming 
season. 

Eggs  enter  largely  into  the  exports  of  this  consulate.  During  the 
year  ending  June  30, 1881,  the  declared  export  of  eggs  from  this  consu- 
late amounted  to  $280,000.*  Taking  in  the  amount  exported  in  lots  of 
less  than  $100  in  value,  would  bring  the  amount  for  the  year  over 
$300,000.  A  duty  of  1  cent  per  dozen  on  eggs  imported  into  the  cus- 
toms districts  of  Oswegatchie  and  Champlain,  N.  Y.,  and  the  district  of 
Vermont,  would  pay  the  entire  expenses  of  those  collection  districts, 
and  this  without  increasing  the  value  or  price  of  eggs  to  the  consumer 
in  the  United  States. 

I  have  looked  this  matter  over  carefully,  and  give  suggestions  as  they 
have  occurred  to  me  for  specific  duties  on  the  following  articles : 

Hay  (if  the  tariff  is  changed),  $1  per  ton  of  2,000  pounds. 

Straw  (now  tree),  $1  per  ton  of  2,000  pounds. 

Eailroad  ties  (now  free),  4  cents  each. 

Telegraph  poles  (now  free),  6  cents  each. 

Hop  poles  (now  20  per  cent.),  i  cent  each. 

Fence  posts  (now  free),  2  cents  each. 

Eggs  (now  free),  1  cent  per  dozen. 

Iron  ore,  80  cents  per  ton  of  2,240  pounds. 

I  take  it  to  be  one  of  the  prime  duties  of  a  consul  to  become  convers- 
ant with  these  matters,  and  lay  them  before  his  Government,  and  I  feel 
more  willing  to  this  from  the  fact  that  the  Government  of  the  Domin- 
ion loses  no  opportunity  of  discriminating  sharply  against  us,  and  tax- 
ing our  goods  at  every  turn,  and  I  feel  sure  that  for  the  reasons  stated 
in  regard  to  butter  and  potatoes,  the  consumer  in  America  wouhl  not 
find  the  price  of  any  of  the  exportations  increased  appreciably. 

SANFOED  S.  BLODGETT, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Preacott,  March  15, 1882. 


EXPORT  DUTIES  OF  CANADA. 

REPORT  BT  MR.  STEARNS. 

I  have  the  honor  to  state  in  reply  to  your  circular  under  date  of  Feb- 
ruary 15, 1883,  requesting  a  list  of  export  duties,  that  I  am  informed 
by  the  collector  of  customs  at  this  port  that  the  following  is  a  list  of 
the  export  duties  levied  by  the  Government  of  Canada,  and  the  arti- 
cles upon  which  they  are  levied : 

Shingle  bolts,  per  cord,  128  cubic  feet,  $1. 
Spruce  logs,  per  M  feet,  $1. 
Pine  logs,  per  M  feet,  $1. 

SEAE6BNT  P.  STEAENS, 

ConsutrOeneral. 
United  States  Consulate-General, 

Montreal^  April  6, 1883. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         283 


MEXICO. 
TAEUT  LAWS  OF  MEXICO. 

BBrORT  ON  THE  TARIFF  LA  W8  AND  BATES  OF  DUTY  OF  MEXICO  IN  FOBOE  MABOB 

1, 1882. 

[Translated  and  arranged  by  Consul  Sntton,  of  Matamoros.] 

INTRODUCTORY  NOTE. 

The  following  trandlation  is  taken  from  the  law  of  November  8, 1880, 
which  was  intended  to  place  all  laws  and  regulations  concerning  the 
tariff  in  one  book. 

The  copies  used  in  translating  were  those  edited  by  Emiliano  Busto, 
and  published  by  Aguilar  &  Sons,  Mexico,  1880,  and  that  of  the  Diario 
Comercial,  Vera  Cruz,  J.  Ledesma,  1881. 

On  November  1  to  15, 1881,  the  tax  on  gross  weight,  which  practically 
abolished  the  free  list,  took  effect. 

To  this  date  no  new  tariff  book  containing  the  changes  made  by  that 
law  has  been  published,  and  it  was  found  necessary  to  go  through  the 
book,  making  the  additions  in  pencil. 

These  additions  are,  in  each  case,  those  given  in  columns  headed 
"  Duty  for  each  100  kilograms  gross.'' 

To  enable  any  question  as  to  translation  or  duty  to  be  readily  settled 
by  reference  to  the  Mexican  original,  I  have  given  in  the  left-hand  mar- 
gin, to  the  right  of  the  consecutive  numbers  and  in  brackets,  the  num- 
bers of  the  articles  in  the  Arancel  of  November  8, 1880. 

From  necessity  the  metric  system  is  followed,  but  the  American 
equivalent  is  given  in  a  foot  note. 

In  some  cases  it  has  been  found  very  difficult  to  obtain  an  English 
equivalent  for  articles  in  the  Arancel.  Where  there  has  seemed  to  be 
a  doubt  the  Spanish  original  has  been  given  in  italics. 

In  other  cases  several  English  equivalents  of  the  Spanish  original  are 
given. 

The  important  circulars  issued  since  the  publication  of  the  Arancel 
are  given  in  Appendix  A. 

Other  aelaraciones  or  explanations  have  been  introduced  in  the 
proper  alphabetical  place. 

To  enable  merchants  to  understand  more  fully  the  forms  referred  to 
in  the  text,  these,  eleven  in  number,  are  given  in  Appendix  B,  first  the 
English  translation  and  afterwards  the  originals  in  Spanish. 

Following  these  forms  in  Appendix  B  are  four  brief  notes  and  refer- 
ences to  various  reports  bearing  upon  this  work.  A  table  of  contents 
will  be  found  at  the  end. 

WARNER  P.  SUTTON, 

OomuL 

United  States  Consulate, 

Matamoros,  March  22, 1882. 


284  TAKIPPS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


CORRECTIONS  OF  THE  FOLLOWING  REPORT  BY  CONSUL-GENERAL 

SUTTON 

[Sent  in  after  the  regular  schedule  was  in  type.] 

SUPPLEMEirrS  TO  THE  MEXICAN  TARIFF. 
SUPPLEMENT  No.  1. 

CORJRECTING  FOREGOING  REPORT. 

On  March  22  I  inclosed  with  my  dispatch  No.  234  a  translation  of  all 
tariff  laws,  &c.,  in  force  in  Mexico.  March  1, 1882, 1  took  particular 
pains  to  get,  on  three  occasions,  a  declaration  from  this  custom-house 
that  I  hjwl  each  and  every  law  in  force. 

Since  that  date,  about  5th  instant,  learn  of  new  law  laying  tax  of  2 
per  cent,  on  import  duties  and  an  additional  tax  on  vessels.  Said  law* 
was  published  June  1,  1881,  and  took  effect  November  16, 1881,  but  this 
custom-house  had  no  knowledge  of  it  until  about  April  5,  instant. 

I  have  borrowed  and  copied  the  law  from  the  Diario  Oficial,  and  in- 
close translation  of  same  with  an  explanatory  note. 

Also  send  a  note  to  be  introduced  after  the  introductory  note  in  my 
translation  sent  with  my  No.  234 : 

SuggettUms  as  to  references;  provieiona  of  the  law, — ^This  cnstom-hoase  now  enforcing 
collection  for  all  importations  made  from  November  to  April.  Merchants  will  protest 
grounds. 

Am  greatly  annoyed  that  so  remarkable  a  mistake  on  the  part  of  this 
custom-house  should  make  the  translation  lately  sent  incomplete,  but  I 
took  every  precaution  to  prevent  such  an  occurrence. 

Beferring  to  my  dispatch  No.  234,  dated  March  22, 1882, 1  have  the 
honor  to  report  a  very  extraordinary  circumstance. 

With  that  dispatch  I  inclosed  a  translation  of  the  tariff  laws  and 
rates  of  duty  in  Mexico  in  force  March  1, 1882. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  translation  I  used  two  copies  of  the  "Ar- 
ancel"  of  1880,  similar  to  those  in  use  in  this  custom-house.  I  also  ob- 
tained frpm  this  custom-house  all  circulars,  laws,  and  aclaraciones  Ex- 
planations, sent  to  that  office  since  the  publication  of  the  "Arancel.^ 

On  three  several  occasions  Mr.  Guailalupe  Fernandez,  the  auditor 
(second  officer)  of  the  custom-house,  distinctly  assured  me  that  I  had 
every  law,  circular,  or  explanation  then  in  force. 

As  I  was  unable  to  purchase  these  circulars,  Mr.  Fernandez  kindly 
gave  me  two  (another  of  the  three  I  borrowed),  with  my  only  copy  of 
the  Arancel,  all  of  which  I  mailed  to  the  Department,  and  advised  you 
thereof  in  my  dispatch  No.  237,  dated  March  30,  1882. 

Early  in  this  month  I  was  inquired  of  by  a  broker  of  this  city  if  I 
knew  anything  as  to  a  new  tax  of  2  per  cent,  on  duties.  I  said  that  I 
did  not :  but  by  inquiry  at  the  custom-house  learned  that  they  had  lately 
been  called  to  account  by  the  treasury  department  in  Mexico  for  not 
collecting  the  duty. 

It  seems  from  whi\t  Mr.  Fernandez,  above  named,  informs  me,  that 
the  law  was  published  last  May.  It  did  not  emanate  from  the  treasury 
department,  but  from  that  of  public  works,  colonization,  &c.,  and  was 
overlooked  by  the  customs  authorities,  who  are  not  supposed  to  be 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         285 

sabordinate  to  that  office.  They  never  received  any  notification  as  to 
it  until  they  were  reproved  for  not  collecting  it. 

I  have  at  length  succeeded  in  borrowing  a  copy  of  the  Diario  Oflcial 
containing  the  law,  and  made  a  copy  thereof,  a  translation  of  which,  with 
an  explanatory  note,  is  inclosed  herewith. 

It  is  very  important  that  these  should  be  incorporated  with  my  trans- 
lation, and  the  Department  will  be  able  to  determine  how  they  should 
be  added. 

It  seems  to  be  a  most  remarkable  circumstance  that  such  a  law  passed 
nearly  one  year  ago,  and  ])nblished  in  the  Diario  Oficial  of  June  1, 1881, 
should  not  be  known  or  enforced  in  the  third  custom-house  of  the  re- 
public. The  law  itself  does  not  state  when  it  shall  take  effect,  but  I  am 
informed  by  Mr.  Auditor  Fernandez  that  they  have  been  instructed  that 
it  took  effect  the  ICth  day  of  November  last.  I  am  also  informed  by 
him  that  this  2  per  cent,  is  only  collected  on  the  regular  duty,  and  not 
in  any  case  on  that  S))ecified  in  the  translation  sent  by  me  as  '^  duty  on 
100  kilograms,  gross,^  whether  the  same  be  in  the  so-called  free  list  or 
in  the  regular  tariff  list. 

I  understand,  also,  from  the  law  that  this  duty  is  not  collectible  at 
frontier  or  non-maritime  customhouses. 

Immediately  on  receipt  of  the  information  as  to  this  law,  this  custom- 
house made  out  bills  and  sent  them  to  the  brokers  and  merchants  in 
this  city,  who  import  goods,  for  the  2  per  cent,  on  all  importations  made 
by  them  since  November  16  last,  up  to  that  date,  say  April  6,  instant. 
The  bills  aggregate  over  $10,000  and  this  custom-house  proposes  to  en- 
force the  payment  thereof  by  arbitrary  process.  This  will  be  resisted 
or  protested  against  by  those  interested,  but  whether  to  any  result  or 
not,  cannot  now  be  told.  The  grounds  on  which  they  propose,  to  appeal 
or  protest  against  the  payment  are — 

1.  That  they  have  in  good  faith  paid  all  duties  of  which  they  had  any 
knowledge  since  November  16  last,  up  to  April,  1883;  that  had  other 
duties  been  required  by  the  custom-house  people  they  would  have  paid 
the  same  at  the  proper  time ;  that  as  brokers  they  have  received  their 
pay  for  importing  goods  for  others  and  cannot  now  at  this  date  collect 
2  per  cent,  on  all  duties  paid  by  them  for  others  since  last  November ; 
that  as  merchants  they  have  sold  the  goods  received  at  certain  prices 
which  were  made  without  considering  this  additional  duty. 

The  brokers,  in  addition,  may  state  that  of  two  firms,  one  of  which  was 
a  large  importer,  one  has  been  closed  and  the  owner  returned  to  Spain, 
while  the  other  has  gone  into  bankruptcy,  and  they  cannot  realize  from 
them  the  extra  amount  required  by  the  additional  tax. 

2.  That  this  is  not  a  maritime  customhouse  and  that  all  the  goods  on 
which  this  maritime  tax  is  sought  to  be  levied  have  been  received  by 
flat  boats  from  Brownsville,  Texas.  That  as  this  is  a>  frontier  and  mari- 
time  customhouse  all  goods  coming  via  Bagdad  should  pay,  and  those 
coming  via  Brownsville  and  the  fiat-boats  should  not  pay  this  extra 
duty  for  harbors. 

.3.  That  as  this  is  a  port  in  the  Zona  Libre,  and  that  as  the  law  of  the 
Zona  distinctly  states  that  the  duties  provided  thereby  are  the  only 
import  duties  which  shall  be  imposed,  this  2  per  cent,  duty  should  not 
be  collected  in  this  port  when  goods  are  imported  even  if  via  Bagdad, 
but  only  when  internated. 

Of  course  it  is  a  source  of  great  annoyance  to  me  that  I  should  have 
put  so  much  time,  expense,  and  labor  on  my  translation,  and  have  sent 
it  off  thinking  it  entirely  full  and  correct,  only  to  learn  now  of  another 


286         TABIFF8  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

law  to  be  added.  I  assure  joa,  sir,  that  I  took  every  possible  care  that 
such  a  thing  should  not  occur,  and  as  previously  stated,  went  three 
several  times  to  the  custom-house  to  inquire  if  I  had  each  and  every 
law  then  in  force.  The  ignorance  of  this  custom-house  is  the  only  cause 
therefor,  and  all  the  reasons  they  have  therefor  is  that  it  was  published 
as  coming  from  another  department,  and  that  they  had  never  noticed 
it  or  received  official  notification  thereof. 

WARNER  P.  SUTTON, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Matamoro8y  April  10, 1882. 


I  Inoloaure  in  Supplement  No.  1.) 

Office  of  thb  Skcrktary  of  State  for  Pubuc  Works,  Colonization,  Industbt, 
AND  Commerce  of  the  Mexican  Rbpubuc,  Section  3. 

The  President  of  the  Republic  has  been  pleased  to  address  me  the  following  decree: 

Manuel  Gonzales,  constitutional  President  of  the  United  States,  to  its  inhabitants, 
know: 

That  the  Congress  of  the  Union  has  deemed  proper  to  decree  the  following : 

The  Congress  of  the  United  Mexican  States  decrees : 

Article  1.  The  Executive  of  the  Union  is  authorized  to  contract  with  individuals 
or  companies  for  the  construction  of  necessary  works  for  bettering  the  maritime  service 
of  the  ports  of  the  Gulf  and  of  the  Pacific. 

Art.  2.  He  is  also  authorized  to  concede  to  individuals  or  companies  the  construc- 
tion for  a  limited  time  of  wharves  and  railroads  for  the  use  of  same,  of  warehouses 
and  machinery  for  the  loading  and  unloading  of  goods,  allowing  to  the  contractors, 
according  to  the  circumstances  of  each  case,  the  coUection  of  a  moderate  compensation 
for  the  time  the  concession  lasts. 

Art.  3.  In  the  contracts  for  the  construction  of  the  works  in  the  ports  tho  Execu- 
tive shall  exact  the  guarantees  that  insure  the  good  conditions  of  execution  of  the 
work  and  its  completion,  and  can  offer  bounty  to  the  contractors  in  the  event  the 
works  are  concluded  in  less  time  than  that  stipulated. 

Art.  4.  To  cover  the  expenses  retjuired  by  the  works  in  tho  ports,  whether  con- 
structed by  contracts  or  by  the  administration,  and  in  addition  to  the  sums  that  may 
be  voted  yearly  for  the  same  object,  the  following  duties  are  established  in  the  budget 
of  expenditures : 

A.  Foreign  goods  introduced  in  any  port  of  the  republic,  whether  of  the  Gulf  or 
Pacific,  shall  pay  an  additional  two  per  cent,  on  all  the  import  duties  to  which  they 
are  subjected  in  accordance  with  the  maritime  and  frontier  customs '  tariff  now  in 
force. 

B.  National  and  foreign  steam  and  sail  vessels  arriving  at  any  of  the  ports  of  the 
republic,  with  or  without  cargo,  excepting  only  such  as  enjoy  privileges  from  con- 
tracts celebrated  previous  to  tuis  law,  shall  pay  in  addition  to  the  established  port 
charges  five  cents  for  every  ton  of  register,  except  those  that  from  stress  of  weather 
or  damages  shonld  put  into  the  port  in  distress. 

C.  In  all  ports  where  the  depth  of  water  has  been  augmented,  ingoing  and  out- 
going ships  shall  pay  a  duty  of  $1  for  every  dianietro  (decimeter  1)  obtained  on  the^ 
depth  existing  previous  to  the  commencement  of  the  works. 

Art.  5.  The  duty  referred  to  by  fraction  A  shall  be  paid  by  the  importers  of  the 
merchandise  assessed.  Those  established  by  fractions  B  and  C  shall  be  paid  by  the 
consignees  of  the  vessels  for  account  of  said  vessels. 

Art.  6.  The  contributions  imposed  by  this  law  shall  form  a  part  of  the  federal  rents, 
and  shall  be  administered  by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  and  respective  officers. 

The  executive  shall  preferably  apply  the  proceeds  to  the  improvement  of  the  har- 
bors of  the  republic,  endeavoring  to  disburse  in  each  of  the  ports  the  proceeds  of  the 


TABIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         287 

eontribntion  collected  therein,  besides  the  Bums  wbich  may  be  decreed  in  the  badgot 
of  expenditures  for  the  same  object. 

iQKACio  Cejudo,  Frtisident  of  the  House  oflHpuiadoa. 
Juan  Crihdstomo  Bonilla,  Preeident  of  the  Senate, 
Emeterio  db  la  Gauza,  Secretary  of  House  of  Diputadoa. 
Fbancisco  G.  Hornedo,  Secretary  of  the  Senate, 

Therefore,  I  command  that  this  be  printed,  published,  circulated,  and  duly  com- 
plied with. 

Given  in  the  palace  of  the  executive  power  of  the  Union  in  Mexico  on  the  28th  day 
of  May,  1881. 

MANUEL  GONZALES. 

To  the  citizen  Manuel  Fernandez^  chief  clerk  of  the  department  of  state  for  the 
office  of  public  works,  colonization,  industry,  and  commerce,  and  I  communicate  it  to 
you  for  your  knowledge  and  corresponding  compliance. 
Liberty  in  the  constitution. 
Mexico,  May  28, 1881. 

M.  FERNANDEZ, 

Chief  Official. 

To  the . 


SUPPLEMENT    No.  2. 

GOODS  FREE  OF  DUTY. 

By  the  orders  of  the  President  of  Mexico  the  following  changes  in  the 
tariff  were  made  pablic  in  the  Diario  Oficial  of  May  29, 1882 : 

The  following  articles  will  be  free  of  the  weight  duties  imposed  by 
the  laws  of  31st  May  and  25th  June,  1881 : 

A.  Plows  and  their  shares ;  mast«,  yards,  round  timbers,  and  anchors 
for  vessels;  quicksilver;  live  animals;  bricksandroof  tiles,  all  classes; 
refractory  earth;  wood,  ordinary,  for  construction;  seeds  of  cotton, 
tobacco,  coffee,  and  sugar-cane ;  slates  for  roofs ;  vaccine  pus. 

B.  All  effects,  armament  and  material  of  war,  &c.,  that  the  Federal 
Executive  may  purchase  in  foreign  countries  for  the  different  branches 
of  the  public  service  in  his  immediate  dependence,  shall  not  cause  any 
duty  on  their  importation. 

(The  above  clauses  will  go  into  effect  on  July  1, 1882.) 

V.  From  the  1st  day  of  November,  1882,  silver  and  gold,  coined,  in 
bullion,  mineral  powder,  stone,  or  under  whatever  other  form,  will  be 
free  of  duties  in  their  interior  circulation  and  for  their  exportation  from 
the  ii?public. 

To  substitute  the  duties  that  are  suppressed  by  this  fraction  shall  be 
augmented  from  the  same  date  an  additional  duty  of  2  per  cent,  over 
those  fixed  by  the  tariff  for  the  importation  of  foreign  effects,  in  the 
mean  time  (until  November  1, 1882)  collecting  the  duties  on  exports  of 
silver  and  gold  conformably  to  the  existing  laws  in  the  present  fiscal 
year. 

VI.  From  November  1, 1882,  precious  metals  shall  pay  a  duty  of  one- 
half  per  cent,  on  the  value  of  the  silver  and  of  one-fourth  per  cent,  on 
the  value  of  the  gold,  determining  their  values  by  their  respective  laws. 

The  Executive  will  determine  the  time  and  form  in  which  it  shall  be 
comprehended. 

VII.  Export  duties  on  orchil,  $10  per  ton  of  1,000  kilograms. 

VIII.  Export  duties  on  works  for  construction  and  for  cabinet  work, 


288         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

$2.50  for  one  cubic  meter,  and  conformably  to  the  provisions  of  the  tariff 
of  November  8, 1880. 

These  changes  will  greatly  relieve  commerce  in  the  articles  mentioned. 
The  bulk  duty  on  live  animals  (except  geldings),  plows,  and  plowshares, 
masts,  &c.,  quicksilver,  bricks,  &c.,  and  woods,  is  50  cents  the  100  kilo- 
grams, which  on  live  animals  and  woods  is  particularly  heavy. 

The  repeal  of  the  export  duty  on  silver  and  gold  will  afford  great  re- 
lief to  financial  transactions  in  all  parts  of  the  republic. 

This  has  been  the  most  annoying  law  in  the  whole  tariff.  Its  repeal 
is  accompanied  by  an  augmentation  of  the  regular  import  duties  of  2 
per  cent. ;  but  while  this  will  doubtless  bring  into  the  treasury  more 
revenue  than  the  export  duty  of  5  per  cent,  on  silver,  and  12  per  cent, 
on  gold,  yet  the  change  will  be  thankfully  received  by  business  men. 

Fraction  VI  says  that  a  duty  of  one-half  per  cent,  on  silver  and  one- 
quarter  per  cent,  on  gold  will  be  collected,  and  that  the  time  and  man- 
ner of  carrying  it  into  effect  will  be  determined  by  the  Executive. 

This  is  rather  obscure,  but  I  presume  that  it  is  intended  to  be  a  tax 
on  production. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  repeal  of  the  weight  duty  takes  effect  July  1 
next,  and  that  that  repealing  the  export  duty  on  silver  and  gold  and 
substantiating  an  additional  two  per  cent,  on  all  importations  takes 
effect  on  November  1  next. 

WARNER  P.  SUTTON, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

MixtamaroSj  June  16, 1882. 


TARIFF  LAWS  AND  RATES  OF   DUTY  OF  MEXICO,   IN  FORCE  MARCH 

1, 1882. 

Chapter  I. 

GENERAL  TRAFFIC. 

Article  1.  Merchant  ships  of  whatever  nation  can  carry  on  commerce  through  the 
poi-ts  of  the  republic  qualified  for  commerce  of  the  high  seas.  Equally  the  nations 
can  carry  it  on  on  the  frontiers,  through  the  frontier  custom-houses. 

Art.  2.  I.  During  the  time  that  any  nation  is  at  war  with  the  United  States  or 
Mexico  the  franchise  referred  to  in  the  preceding  article  will  remain  suspended  in  re- 
spect to  that  nation. 

II.  A  special  decree  will  opportunely  declare  this  interdiction. 

Chapter  II. 

COMMERCE  OF  THE  HIGH  8EAS. 

Art.  3.  Foreign  ships  that  carry  merchandise  for  the  republic  can  only  discharge 
in  those  ports  qualified  for  the  commerce  of  the  high  seas. 

Art.  4.*  In  case  that  any  port  opened  for  the  commerce  of  the  high  seas  be  occupied 
by  forces  or  authorities  that  would  not  obey  the  Federal  Government,  it  would  remain 
closed  for  foreign  commerce,  as  also  for  that  of  the  seaport  and  coasting  trade,  and  no 
document,  proceeding  from  those  found  withdrawn  from  obedience  to  the  Govern- 
ment, will  be  admitted  by  the  seaports  or  frontier  custom-houses,  nor  will  any  dis- 
patch be  authorized  for  the  same  while  they  do  not  return  to  their  normal  state. 

Art.  5.  I.  Foreign  trading  vessels  and  tne  merchandise  that  they  carry,  also  their 
captains,  supercargoes,  and  crews,  will  be  subject  to  the  regulations  in  this  t>ariff  law, 


TARl]*TS   OF   TH£   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  289 

to  the  payment  of  the  duties  it  fixes,  to  the  penalties  it  establishes,  and  to  all  disposi- 
tions t  nat  eovern  at  the  time  of  their  arrival. 

U.  VesaeiB  will  be  conJbidered  as  having  arrived  on  entering  the  territorial  waters 
of  the  republic. 

III.  The  fitters  out  and  captains  of  foreign  vessels  destined  to  load  animals  and 
wood  in  ports  of  the  republic  will  be  permitted  to  dispatch  at  ports  of  coasting  trnr'e 
without  touching  at  those  of  commerce  of  the  high  seas,  being  in  all  other  respects 
subject  to  the  preventions  of  this  tariff  law. 

Art.  6.  Foreign  merchant  vessels  shall  pay  as  port  duties  those  of  tonnage,  pilot- 
ace,  and  light- house,  on  the  following  terms  : 

I.  Sail  vessels  that  bring  merchandise^  that  is  not  stone  coal,  shall  pay : 

A.  For  every  ton's  weight  they  measure,  $1.  The  gauging  of  vessels  for  determiuing 
their  tonnage  will  be  practiced  according  to  the  regulations  establlBhed  by  the  secre- 
tary of  war. 

B.  The  pilotage  dutv  will  be  paid  into  the  captaincy  of  the  port,  according  to  the 
regulations  established  by  the  secretary  of  war. 

C.  The  light-house  duty,  wherever  it  may  be,  shall  be  |25  for  entrance  and  de- 
jMirtnre. 

II.  Steam  vessels,  even  when  they  come  loaded  with  merchandise,  will  be  excepted 
from  the  tonnage  duty,  but  they  shall  pay : 

A.  For  light-house  duty,  wherever  it  may  be,  when  they  carry  merchandise  upon 
entrance,  $100. 

B.  Upon  departure  after  having  discharged,  $100. 

Steam  vessels  that  come  with  merchandise  destined  for  one  or  more  ports  of  the  re- 
public shall  pay  this  duty  only  once,  and,  paid  in  the  first  one  where  there  is  a  light- 
nonse,  it  will  not  be  required  in  the  others  where  they  go  to  discharge  the  remainder 
of  the  merchandise  which  they  carry,  providing  by  the  respective  certificate  that  ac- 
credits the  payment,  and  the  custom-house  that  receives  it,  taking  care  to  advise 
ofiQcially  the  other  port^  to  which  the  vessel  is  directed. 

III.  Sail  vessels  that  come  with  coal  only  will  be  exempt  from  the  payment  of 
the  tonnage  duty  and  only  subject  to  that  of  light-house,  wherever  it  may  be,  and 
to  that  of  pilotage. 

IV.  In  case  that  sail  vessels  bring  coal  and  merchandise,  they  will  only  be  excepted 
from  the  payment  of  tonnage  duty  on  that  part  which  is  occupied  by  the  coal. 

V.  Sail  vessels  that  come  destined  for  two  or  more  ports  of  the  republic  shall  pay 
in  the  first  at  which  they  arrive  their  entire  tonoage  duty,  the  custom-house  giving 
them  a  certificate  so  that  it  may  not  be  demanded  in  the  others. 

VI.  Vessels,  after  having  discharged  the  merchandise  they  may  have  brought  into 
any  i>ort  of  the  republic,  and  go  to  load  dye-woods  or  other  national  productions  at  one 
or  more  Mexican  ports,  shall  not  pay  in  this  duty  of  light-house  and  tonnage,  pro- 
vided that  they  be  accredited  with  having  satisfied  said  duties  at  the  port  where 
the3*  discharged  their  effects,  having  to  pay  only  that  of  pilotage. 

Art.  7.  Steam  vessels  or  sail  vessels  dispatched  in  balla«t  and  coming  directly  to  any 
IK>rt  of  the  republic  shall  not  pay  tonnage  or  light-house  duties. 

Art.  8.  Vessels  that  come  with  the  sole  object  of  receiving  or  conducting  passengers, 
mails,  metals,  dye-woods,  or  other  national  products,  can  arrive  at  all  the  ports  of 
the  republic  qualified  to  the  commerce  of  the  high  seas  without  tonnage  duties. 

Art.  9.  Foreign  ships  can  come  freely  to  the  ports  of  the  republic  to  winter,  to  water, 
to  obtain  fresh  provisions  or  to  repair  damages  without  the  payment  of  tonnage  or 
any  other  duties,  but  subject  to  the  vigilance  and  inspection  that  the  collectors  of  the 
porta  believe  necessary  to  exercise  and  practice  upon  them. 

Art.  10.  Vessels  of  war,  whatever  be  their  nationality,  are  excepted  from  the  pay- 
ment of  all  the  duties  hereinbefore  referred  to. 

Art.  II.  National  vessels,  transacting  commerce  of  the  high  seas,  are  subject  to 
the  payment  of  tonnaee,  light-house,  and  pilot  duties,  in  the  terms  that  are  arranged 
in  the  preceding  articles. 

Chapter  III. 

COASTma  TRADE. 

Art.  12.  I.  The  coasting  trade  cannot  be  carried  on  by  other  than  national  vessels  in 
the  ports  of  Tampico,  Tuxpan,  Vera  Cruz,  Goatza,  Coalcos,  Frontera,  Isla  del  Car- 
men, Campeche,  Progreso,  and  all  intermediate  points. 

II.  Said  traffic  will  be  permitted  to  foreign  vessels,  sail  or  steam,  in  all  other  ports 
when  national  vessels  (lighters?)  meet  them  near  to  a  port,  and  have  not  a  register 
opened  for  the  same  coast  points  to  which  the  foreign  vessels  are  directed. 

III.  Foreign  steam  or  sail  vessels  are  permitted  to  carry  coin  of  gold  or  silver  from 
one  port  to  another  of  the  republic,  receiving  from  the  custom-house  the  necessary 

1784  CONG — A  P 19 


290  TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

permit,  npon  which  will  be  noted  the  date  for  the  presentation  of  the  return  permit; 
showing  in  the  guarantee,  which  hat»  to  be  made,  that  the  time  having  passed  for 
presenting  such  return  permit,  the  duties  will  be  made  effective,  corresponding  to 
the  amount  sent,  without  further  recourse. 

IV.  Foreign  vessels  are  permitted,  after  having  concluded  the  discharge  of  their 
^sargo  in  the  port  or  ports  to  which  they  may  have  come  destined,  to  be  employed  in 
oonveving  mail  or  passengers,  without  admittio^  more  than  the  equipa^ge  of  the  lat- 
ter; they  can  pass  from  one  port  to  another,  which  are  qualified  for  foreign  commerce 
or  that  of  coast  trade,  without  pacing  tonnage  duties,  having  to  carry  in  all  cases 
besides  the  list  of  passenoers,  equipments,  provisions,  and  baggage,  the  certiiicateA 
that  accredit  them  with  havioi^  fulfilled  their  obligations  in  the  port  of  departure, 
which  documents  they  will  exhibit  to  the  employ^  of  the  custom-house  when  coming 
to  anchor. 

Art.  13.  I.  National  sail  or  steam  vessels,  as  soon  as  they  complete  the  discharge  of 
the  foreign  goods  which  thev  briog  to  any  Mexican  port,  can  load  in  the  same  port 
national  goods,  even  when  they  contain  merchandise  destined  for  other  ports. 

II.  National  vessels  pursuing  the  coasting  trade  shall  not  pay  port  duites,  excepting 
pilotage  when  they  ask  it. 

Chapter  IV. 

diving  and  fishing. 

Art.  14.  I.  The  zone  of  pearl  fishery  in  the  coast  waters  of  Lower  Califomia  shall  be 
divi(l<'<l  into  four  sections,  whose  limits  are  defined  in  the  regulations  of  this  tarift'  law. 

II.  Diving  for  shell  and  pearls  may  be  done  alternately  every  two  years  in  only  one 
of  these  sections.  Tbe  extraction  of  the  young  (or  growing)  shell  will  not  be  per- 
mitted under  any  circumstances. 

Infractions  of  this  article  will  incur  a  fine  of  from  $100  to  $r)00. 

III.  Fishing  in  the  the  territorial  waters  of  tho  republic  and  the  advantages  of  all 
maritime  products  on  its  coast  are  free  to  all  vessels  that  arrive  at  them,  always  sub- 
ject to  the  preventions  regulated  by  this  tariff  law. 

Chapter  V. 

ABOUTION  OF  PROHIBITIONS. 

Art.  15.  I.  The  importation  of  all  classes  of  foreign  merchandise  to  the  territory  of 
the  reymblic  is  permitted.  Those  compiehcuded  in  the  taritt'  of  article  18  of  this 
tariff*  law  shall  pay*  one  duty  only  according  to  the  raies  that  are  established  in  it; 
those  not  comprehended  in  said  tariff  shall  pay*  55  per  cent,  upon  appraised  value, 
in  confonnity  with  the  provisions  of  article  21,  in  consequence  of  which  all  prohibition 
of  importing  foreign  effects  into  the  republic  is  abolished. 

II.  For  the  importation  through  maritime  and  frontier  custom-houses  of  caps  (used 
for  war  purposes)  the  written  authorization  of  tbe  Secretary  of  War  will  l>e  an  essen- 
tial and  prior  requisite. 

In  default  of  said  requisite  the  collectors  of  customs  shall  declare  the  confiscation 
of  said  goods,  and  shall  deliver  to  the  local  military  authority  the  caps  (used  for  war 
purposes)  that  they  seize. 

III.  Those  denouncing  fraudulent  importations  of  above-mentioned  caps  shall  be 
recompensed  with  one-third  part  of  the  value  of  the  goods  seized,  which  payment  will 
be  verified  by  the  corresponding  officer,  previously  being  ordered  by  the  Secretary  of 
War,  transmitted  through  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

*  See  Appendix  B. 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEYEBAL   COUNTRIES. 


291 


Chapter  VI. 

FREE  OF  DUTIES. 

(Soe  appendix  to  this  report  showing  the  latest  changes  in  Mexican  tariff.) 

Art.  1G.  The  following  articles  are  admitted  free  of  duty  (except  as  stated  at  right- 
hand  margin :) 


s 


Artidea. 


1 
2 

3 

4 

5 
6 
7 

8 
0 


n 

ii: 

13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 

23 
24 
2'> 
26 

V  I 

28 


41 
11 


[61 

[HI 


10  [r^l 


30 
10 
13 

[in] 

41> 
41 
20 
19 
37 
21 

[32j 
40 

24 
23 
r,\ 

Jfe 


?9 

r4r.] 

30 

f'» 

31 

41 

32 

-•9 

33 

[13 

34 

>- 

33 

[13J 

30 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 


2.' 
j33 

rr.-, 

14 
43 

[7 
[41] 


48   [42] 


50 
61 


[43] 

(Si 


Alabaster,  Id  balk 

Armament  for  the  States,  when  requested  of  the  President  by  the  govemors  with 
consent  of  re8T>ectiTe  legislatures 

Anchors.    (See  Masts,  No.  46.) 

Animals  of  all  classes,  living  or  prepared  for  cabinets  of  natural  history,  ezoept 
^eldinfia 

Anvils  (ased  by  silTsrsmiths) 

Anvils 

ISara  of  steel  for  mines,  ronnd  or  octagonal,  from  fonr  to  six  centimeters*  in  di- 
araeti'rand  from  75  to  175  centimeters  in  length 

Barrows  and  trucks  of  hand  of  one  or  two  wheels 

Beams,  small,  of  iron,  for  roofs  always  that  cannot  be  made  use  of  for  other  ol^eots 
in  which  iron  is  employed 

Books,  printed  with  or  withontptoin  binding,  with  the  exception  of  those  speci- 
fied in  article  18  in  this  tariff. 

Bricks  and  refractory  earth  

Brimstone.     (Se*^  Salphnr,  No.  88.) 

Cane-knives.     (See  Ilocs  No.  35.) 

Cars.    (See  Coaches,  No.  18.) 

Cabinntsof  ancient  coins  and  models  of  all  kinds 

Charts.     (Se«  Maps,  No.  47.) 

Coal,  of  ail  classes 

CoacheHaod  curt*  for  railway 

Co.il  of  arms.    (See  Type,  Na  37). 

(;o]l*Htions,  mineral,  gt*  otogiial  and  all  branches  of  natural  history 

Corn-meal  and  the  hand-mills  fur  making  it 

C  rn 

Crucibles,  melting  pots  of  all  materials  and  sizes 

Designs  and  mo<lol.s  of  machines,  edifices,  monuments,  and  ships 

Destrozot  del  caehaloU  (pieces  of  whale) 

Dry  feed,  straw    

Dynamitic     (See  Powder,  No.  63) 

FruiiH  and  vegetables,  fresh,  with  the  exception  of  those  specified  in  this  tariff 

l^yjr ,.. .......    .      •    ..    .....•..•••.•••..•..••••....••........ 

Fa.se.     (See  wicks.  No!  99.) 

Geldings.    (See  Animalis  No.  4.) 
Globes.    (See  Maps,  No.  47.) 

Gnano ". 

Harrows.     (See  Hoes,  No.  35.) 

Heading.     (See  Staves,  No.  84.) 

Hr>es  (heavy),  ran<vknivefi,  scythes,  sickles,  harrows,  rakes,  shovels,  pickaxes, 

spades,  hoea.  and  muttovks  lor  agriculture , 

Houses  of  wood  and  iron,  complete 

Ic<i        


Instruments,  for  the  sciences 

Ink,  print«»r8' , 

Iron  or  steel  wire,  for  carding,  from  No.  26  up 

Iron  and  '  teel,  wrought,  in  rails  for  railways 

Iron  beams.    (See  Beams,  Na  9.) 

LUho^ruphio  stones 

Lime,  hydraulic  

Locnraotiv*  s.    (See  Machinery,  No.  43.) 

Masts,  Hpiirs,  and  anchors  for  voftsels,  large  or  small 

Maps,  geographical,  topographical,  nautical  chuts  and  globes,  terrestrial  and 
relestial    

I.  Machines  and  apparatus  of  all  classes  for  hidustrial,  a^cultural,  and  mining 
parT»oHes,  scicnci-s  and  arts,  and  their  separate  extra  parts  and  pieces 

IT.  The  sopamto  parts  of  machinery  and  apparatus  that  come  united  or  separately 
are  include*!  in  this  exemption,  not  comprehending  in  this  tho  bands  ot  leather 
or  rubber  that  serve  to  communicate  movement  when  not  imported  at  the  same 
time  with  the  machinery  to  which  they  are  adapted. 

III.  The  articles  th  it  can  he  made  use  of  separately  from  the  machinery  or  ap- 
paratus, as  pig,  hoop,  nail,  bar-iron,  oils,  cloths  of  wool,  and  other  materials, 
cnri'd  or  uururtd  Hkius,  even  when  they  come  with  tne  machinery,  will  be 
subject  to  tht^  payment  of  duties  according  to  this  tu'iff  law. 

Macbin«-3  of  st  am  lotomotives,  iron  or  wooden  ties,  or  other  utensils  for  the 
c«nrttiuct'on  of  railways 

Marble,  in  bulk  or  in  blocks,  for  pavements  of  all  dimensions 

Mattocks.    (See  Hoes,  No.  35.) 

*  Centimeter =.3937  of  an  inch. 


$0  60 


60 
60 
60 

60 
60 

60 

00 

60 


100 


Freeu 
Freow 


76 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 


60 


60 


60 
60 
60 
100 
80 
60 
60 

60 

60 

60 

100 
80 


« 


292 


TARIFFS   OP   THE   SEVEBAL   COUNTRIES. 


Fret  o/dtt<sr~Continued. 


52 

[461 

58 

241 

54 

471 

55 

48 

96 

57 

57 

58 

i? 

60 

47 

60 

15 

61 

18' 

62 

18 

63 

i56 

64 

52] 

65 
66  [ 


151 


!I  J?] 


68 
60 
70 
71 
72 
78 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
83 


13 
64 
27 
36 
r37 
58 

rsQ 

13 
52 
13 

ri3 

54 
31 
37 

ri3 


84  [25 

85  [3 


86 

[27 

87 

60 

88 

[10 

80 

(2 

90 

[161 

01 

17 

02 

03 

03 

37 

04  ^ 

56 

95 

28 

06 

37 

9'/ 

26] 

08  [15] 


00  [45] 

100  [2* 

101  [3 

102  [35 
108  [38 
104  139 


Articles. 


Metals,  preoions,  in  bnllion  or  in  i>owder 

Models.    (See  Designs,  No.  24.) 

Molds  and  patterns  for  the  arts .* 

Monev,  legal,  of  silver  or  gold,  from  all  nations 

Oars  for  small  vessels 

Oats,  in  grain  or  straw 

Objects  of  natural  history  for  museoms  and  cabinets ^ 

Patterns.    (See  Molds.  No.  54.) 

Pipes.    (See  Water-pipes,  Na  08.) 

Pickaxes.    (See  Hoes,  No.  85.) 

Poto.    (See  Crucibles,  No.  23.) 

Powder,  common,  for  mines,  and  dynamite  for  same  ol^eot 

I.  Plants  and  seeds  for  the  improvement  of  agricclture  in  quantities  not  exceed- 
ing 115  kilograms  of  each  Kind  of  seeds 

IL  In  order  that  seeds  may  be  comprehended  in  this  exemption,  it  will  be  neces- 
sary to  specify  in  the  respective  consular  invoices  that  tiiey  are  imported 
for  the  improvement  of  agriculture. 

Plows  and  plowshares 

Pumps  for  fire  and  common  pumps  of  all  classes  and  materials  for  irrigation  and 
other  purposes , 

§aicksifver 
akes.    (See  Hoes,  No.  35. ) 

Rags  or  cloth  of  all  kinds  for  fabrication  of  paper 

Kails.    (See  Iron.  No.  41.) 

Refractory  earth.    (See  Bricks,  Na  11.) 

Rules.    (See  Typo,  No.  03. ) 

Salt,  common,  that  is  introduced  through  the  Paso  del  Norte 

Saltpeter '. 

Scythes.    (See  Hoes,  No.  35.) 

Seeds.    (See  Plants,  No.  64.) 

Shovels.     (See  Hoes,  No.  35.) 

Sickles.    (See  Hoes,  No.  35.) 

Slates  for  roofs  and  pavements 

Soda,  hyposulphate  of 

Spaces.     (See  Type,  No.  93.) 

Spades.    (See  Hof«,  No.  85.) 

Spars.-   (See  Masts,  No.  46.) 

Staves  and  heading  for  barrels 

Steel.    (See  Iron,  No.  40.) 

Steel.    (See  Iron,  No.  41.) 

Snlphat  e  of  copper   : 

Sulphur,  brimstone 

Telegraph  wire,  the  destination  of  which  will  be  proven  by  the  parties  interested 
at  beaport  cubtum-houses 

Teasds  of  wire,  mounted  on  bands  for  machinery  or  vegetable  teasels  / 

Trucks.    (See  Barrows,  No.  8.) 

Type,  of  wood  and  other  utensils  for  lithography 

Type,  coats  of  arms,  spaces,  rules,  vignettes,  and  type  for  printing  of  all  kinds 

Vaccine  virus    : 

Vegetables.    (See  Fruit,  No.  28.) 

Vignettes.    (See  Type,  No.  93.) 

Vessels,  of  all  classes  and  forms,  in  their  naturalisation  or  sal^,  or  in  their  Intro- 
duction  to  navigate  the  bays,  lakes,  canals,  or  rivers  of  the  republic 

Water-pipes  of  idl  classes,  materials,  and  dimensions,  not  considering  compre- 
hended in  this  exemption  tubes  of  copper  or  other  metal  that  do  not  come  sol- 
dered or  closed  with  (team  or  riveting  in  all  their  length,  which  will  remain 
subject  to  thepa3rment  of  duties  acconiing  to  their  material 

Wick  and  fuse  for  mines  

Wire.    (See  Telegraph  wire.  No.  80.) 

Wire.    (See  Iron,  No.  40.) 

Wood 

Wood,  of  box 

Wood,  ordinary,  for  construction 

Sewing-machines  with  their  separate  parts  and  pieces 


Free. 

$0  50 
Free. 

50 
50 
50 


50 

60 

60 

50 
50 

60 


Free. 


50 
50 


50 
50 


50 


50 
50 


50 

60 
60 
50 


60 


50 
50 


50 

50 

60 

1  00 


Art.  17.  The  execntive  of  the  nnion  can  dispense  with  the  duties  of  importation 
to  the  sum  of  $100,  on  objects  introduced  into  the  Federal  States  for  the  purpose  of 
favoring  tho  better  materials  and  to  the  aid  of  public  beneficence. 

Chapter  VII. 

DUTIABLE  IMPORTS. 

Art.  16.  All  foreign  merchandise,  fruits  and  effects  that  are  imported  in  this  re- 
public at  the  qualified  ports  of  commerce  (da  aliwra)  of  the  high  seas,  or  by  its  frontier 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


293 


cnstom-honses,  with  the  exception  of  those  sx>eoified  in  article  16  of  this  tariff  law, 
shall  pay  the  daties  expressed  by  the  following  tariff: 


Niunbers. 


2 
3 


4 
5 


IS] 

[18] 

ri»i 


6  1835] 

7 

8     [42] 

«     [M] 

10  [561 

11  [61] 


12 


13      79 


H 


78 


64 


15  [115 

16  [69] 

17  [644] 

]g  [93] 
19 

19*  [165 

20  [09 


21 

22  [109] 

23  [110] 

24  [HI] 

25 

26  [123] 


27 
28 
29 
30 


502 
395 

*802 
803 


31  [349] 

32  [349 

33  [2G0 

34  [166 

35  [157] 

36  [156] 

37  [150] 

38  [160] 


Artioles. 


Absinthe,  mode  tnm  oane  or  other  material,  not  speoi-) 
fled,  ana  in  bottles  and  demUohna,  without  allowance^ 

for  breakage  or  leakafte,  net  weight } 

Aooordeons  and  armonicaa,  gross  weight 

Acetates,  of  all  classes,  net  weighty  inclading  in  thia 

that  of  the  inner  package 

AOids: 

Of  all  substances,  gaseous  or  liquid,  net  weight,  in- 
cluding in  this  that  of  the  inner  package 

In  crystal  or  powder,  net  weight,  including  in  this 

that  of  the  inner  package 

Adornments,  for  ladies'  shoes,  of  silk,  that  are  not 

ornaments  of  flne  metal,  upon  appraised  value 

Agates.    (See  Amber,  No.  15.) 

Alabaster,  and  all  classes  of  work  of  this  material,  with 

the  exception  of  specified  ones,  gross  weight 

Albums: 

Fine,  with  or  without  photographs,  with  coverings 
of  ivory,  tortoise-shell,  shell,  or  velvet,  with  or 
without  clasps  and  adornments  of  gold  or  silver, 

gross  weight 

Orainary,  with  or  without  photographs,   gross 

weight 

Alcohol  or  spirits  of  wine,  in  whatever  kind  of  cask  or 
package,  without  allowance  for  leakage  or  breakage, 

net  weight 

Almonds,  sweet  and  bitter,  without  shell,  net  weight  . . 

Almonds,  with  shell 

Alphabets,  and  numbers  for  marking,  gross  weight  — 
Amber,  manufactures  of,  sea- foam,  jet,  agate,  tortoise- 
shell,  shell,  or  ivory,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Ambergris,  net  weight,  including  in  this  that  of  the 

inner  wrapper 

Ammunition  bags,  powder-horns,  and  sacks  of  all 

classes  for  hunters,  gross  weight 

Anis.    (See  Caraway  seed.  No.  188.) 
Anisado.    (See  Cognac.  Nos.  253  and  254.) 
Anvils,  square  block  of  iron.    (See  Anvila  in  free  Ust) . . 
Apparatus,  of  gum-elastic,  gutta-percha,  silk,  and  other 
materials  for  medicinal  and  surgical  uses,  net  weight, 

including  in  this  that  of  the  inner  package 

Armonicas.    (See  Accordeons,  No.  2.) 
Arms,  fire: 

Breoch  or  mucxle  loading,  entirely  or  partially 
gilded,  plated,  or  nickeled,  or,  not  being  plateo, 
shall  have  handle  of  ivory,  shell,  or  other  mate- 
rial, except  wood,  and  th^r  extra  pieces,  gross 

weight 

Breech  or  mnztle  loading,  black  or  of  a  bluish 
color^  that  have  handles  of  wood,  and  their  ex- 
tra pieces,  gross  weight 

Not  repeatingorbreech-loading,of  whatever  classes, 
and  adornments,  and  their  extra  pieces,  gross 

weight 

Arrack.    (See  Bum,  Nos.  792  and  793.) 

Atropia  (drug),  and  its  salts,  net  weight,  including  in 

thin  that  oithe  inner  wrapper 

Axes  and  hatchets,  gross  weight 

Axles  and  springs,  for  carriages 

Bags,  for  hunters.    (See  Ammunition  bags,  No.  17.) 
Bags  and  valitos,  for  traveling,  of  all  olaMes  and  sizesi 

gross  weight 

Bags,  or  readv-roade  sacks,  ordinary,  of  all  materials, 

upon  appraised  value 

Bagging.    (See  Linen  goods.  No.  583.) 

Bagging,  of  linen  or  hemp.    (See  Linen,  No.  583.) 

Baixe  and  plain  flannel,  of  wool  and  other  textures  an- 

alogons  to  wool . .     

Baize  and  twilled  flannel,  of  wool  and  other  textures 

analogous  to  wool 

Baize  and  flannel,  plain,  white,  of  wool  and  cotton,  and  ' 

other  analogous  text  ures ! 

Baize  and  plain  flannel,  colored,  of  linen  and  cotton  and 

other  analogous  materials 

Baize  and  flaonol.  twilled,  of  wool  and  cotton,  and  other 
analogous  materials 


Kilo. 


do 
.do 


do 
.do 


KUo. 


.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 
.do 
do 


..do 


.do 
.do 


..do 


.do 


.do 


.do 


do 


do 
do 
.do 


do 


Kilo 


do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


? 


56 


J  $0  88 
\      08 

43 
15 


25 

100 


56 


24 


1  15 
86 

75 
20 
10 
20 

115 

16 

48 

10 

1  00 


125 


1  00 


75 


25 
10 
12 


43 


23 
29 
161 
19 


}  10  60 
75 
50 

sa 

75 
100 

60 

1  00 
75 

60 

1  00 

50 

50 

1  00 

1  00 

50 

50 

100 


1  00 


1  00 


75 


1  00 
60 
60 


50 
60 

100 
100 
1  00 
1  00 


294 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Dmliahle  importe — Continned. 


ITiddImh* 


80  11871 

40  [187] 

41  [188] 

48  [180] 
48  [140] 

44  [172] 

45  [141] 

46  [142] 

47  [148] 


48 

[144] 

40 

145 

60 

146 

51 

W7 

62  [148] 


68 
64 
65 

205 
205 
348 

66  [258] 
57  [254 

68  [158] 

60      [11 

60  [2 

61  [366 

62  [366] 

68  [867] 

64  [877] 

65  [878] 

66  [720] 

67  [288] 

68  [284: 

60  [804] 

70  [805] 

71  [S63] 

71- [288] 

72  [812] 

73 

1818] 

74  [476] 

75  [476] 

76  [682] 

77  [666] 


Artidee. 


Balances  and  acalea  of  lion,  copper,  or  braas,  and  their 

weigbta,  groaa  weight 

Balconiea.    (See  IroUf  worked  or  wrought,  No.  533.) 

Ballmolda,  of  whatever  metal,  groea  weight 

Balaams: 

Natural,  net  weight :  inolndinff  in  this  that  of  the 
inner  wn^per,  and  witiiont  allowanoe  for  leakage 

and  breakage 

Compoanded,  net  weight ;  inolnding  in  this  that  of 
the  inner  wrapper,  and  without  allowance  for 

leakage  and  breakage 

Balls,  billianl,  of  iTory 

Bands: 

Leather,  that  do  not  come  attached  to  any  ma- 
chinery and  forming  part  of  it,  invoice  valae 

Of  rubber,  &c  

For  waist,  woolen,  plain  in  texture,  without  em- 
broidery  

Twilled  in  texture,  &o 

Plain  or  twilled,  embroidered  in  same  material 

Plain  or  twilled,  embroidered  in  silk 

For  waist,  of  crape  of  silk,  even  when  they  have  on 
their  edges  otner  material  not  fine  metal,  net 

weight 

Of  silk,  plain  or  embroidered,  even  when  bordered 
with  some  other  material  not  fine  metal,  net 

weight 

Barley: 

NotpearL  net  weight 

Pearl*  (Bee  Seeds,  medicinal,  No.  881.) 

Bark,  medicinal,  gross  weight 

Baskets,  lai^ge  and  small : 

Of  cane,  bamboo,  wood,  or  wire,  gross  weight 

Not  Bjpeoifled,  with  the  exception  of  those  of  gold 

or  silver,  gross  weight 

Batiste,  linen.    (See  Cambric,  No.  160.) 
Beads: 

Glass  bugles,  polished,  cut,  or  ground,  gross  weight. 

Uncut  or  nngroond,  gross  weight 

Of  glass,  according  to  their  class.  (See  Beads,  Nos. 

64  and  65.) 
Covered  with  crape  of  all  kinds  and  imitation  pearls, 

fross  weight 
ordinary  site  and  very  small,  common  metal, 

gross  weight 

SMd  glass,  polished,  cut^  and  ground,  and  imitation 

of  garnet,  gross  weight 

Of  ghss  thai  are  not  cut  nor  ground,  and  rosaries 

made  of  the  same,  gross  weight. 

Beaver  fur  of  all  claases,  net  weight 

Beds  and  cots: 

Of  iron,  gross  weight 

Of  brass,  tiiough  liaving  iron  parts,  gross  weight . . . 
Beer  and  cider: 

In  bottles,  without  allowance  for  leakage  or  break- 
age, net  weight 


.do 
.do 


do 


In  casks,  without  allowance  for  leakage,  net  weight. 

Bells: 

Large  and  small,  of  metal  not  gold  or  silver,  gross 

weight 

For  animals,  of  iron  or  brass,  gross  weight 

Belts  or  girdles: 

Of  aU  classes  not  specified,  and  whose  buckles  are 

not  of  silver  or  gold ;  gross  weight 

Of  silk,  or  other  materia  with  mixture  of  silk,  with 
or  without  buckle  not  of  gold  or  silver,  gross 

weight 

Bellows: 

Hand,  for  chimneys,  pianos,  and  other  uses,  gross 

weight 

For  forges,  gross  weight 

Billiard  tables,  of  all  materials,  not  including  the  cloth,  I 

upon  appraised  value 

Bismutn,  oxide  or  sub-nitrate  of,  gross  weight    I  kilo. 

*  I  liDCHr  meter  equals  80.87  inches. 


kflo. 
..do. 


do 


.do 
.do 


•Jo 
..do 
..do 


m* 


kUo. 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


..do 
..do 


do 

.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


{ 


do 

do 

5  do 

(do 


.do 


do 
.do 


H 


55 
55 


55 


0 

o 

I 


10  20 

20 

1  00 


1  50 
8  72 


23 
20 
82 
40 


056 

14  84 

03 

20 

48 

1  16 


20 
10 


1  15 

115 

20 

10 
287 

10 
20 

1 
20 

\ 

10 


20 
20 


48 


1  15 


20 
10 


100 


$0  50 
50 

1  00 


1  00 
1  00 


75 

75 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 


1  00 

1  00 
50 
50 
75 

1  00 


50 
50 


75 

76 

50 

50 
1  00 

50 
50 

60 

50 


50 
50 


75 
1  00 


60 
60 

60 

1  00 


TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


295. 


DuiiabU  iniparlf— Continued. 


NnmVen. 


78  [108] 
7»  1170] 

80  [483] 

81  [806] 

82  [809] 


83  [810] 

84  [8U] 

85  [£12] 

86  [813] 

87  [814] 

88  [815] 


89 

90 

[467] 
468 
469 

92 

S3 
94 

[409] 
163 
164 

95 

96  [863] 

97  [168 

98  [169^ 
90  [53] 


100  [767] 

101  [557] 

102  [558] 


lOS 

104 


[m] 

105  [856] 


106 
107 
108 
109 


110 
111 
112 
118 


no. 

[711] 
458 

118^ 


714. 
716 
716 
465 


114  [198] 

115  [212] 

116  [213] 


Aitideft. 


Bits  of  iron  for  blasts.    (See  Bridles,  No.  134.) 

Bits,  parts  of,  and  whee!s  (rode(eM)  of  iron  or  brass,  gross 

weight kilo. 

Bitters,  net  weight  without  allowance  for  breakage do 

Blanket-cloaks  {$arape»  y  tUnuu) : 

Of  cotton,  stamped  or  striped sq.m. 

Of   wool,  stamped  or   striped,  without    flowing 

sleeves,  borders,  or  works do 

Blankets  (tarapei) : 

Of  wool  (scaped  for  the  arms  to  be  ft-ee),  with  bor 

ders  worked  or  stamped . .  do 

Of  wool  imitation  of  those  of  Saltillo.  woiked  or 

stamped —  L .  do 

Blanket-cloaks,  stiiped  or  stamped,  of  wool  and  cotton  \ 


n 

•3® 


in  any  proportion  that  the  mixture  may  bo,  not  hav- 
the  oorder  worked 


do 


do 


do 
do 


do 


kilo. 


Of  iron,  for  carriages,  in  which  the  axles  nm,  gross 
weight 

Of  pamta  for  artists,  schools,  Ac,  of  all  kinds,  gross 
weight 


For  snnff,  cigars,  cigarettes,  matches,  Ac.  of  ordi- 
nary metaTwitbont  plating  or  gilding,  of  leather, 
wood,  paste-board,  bom,  gam,  or  other  analogous 
m^teiinls,  gross  weight 

*  1  meter  equals  80.87  inches. 


do 


do 


ingt 
Blankets: 

Striped  or  stamped,  of  wool  and  cotton,  in  what- 
ever proportion  the  mixture  may  be 

Imitation  of  those  ef  Saltillo,  worked  or  stamped, 
of  wool,  with  mixture  of  cotton  or  linen  in  any 

proportion 

Imitation  of  those  of  SaltlUo,  worked  or  stamped, 
of  wool,  with  mixture  of  silk  in  any  proportion  . 

Of  wool,  plain  or  stamped |..do 

Of  wool,  not  worked  or  stamped do 

Of  cotton  and  wool,  plain  or  stamped,  in  whatever 

proportion  the  mixture  may  be  

Blades.    (See  Swords,  No.  908.) 

Blacking  and  polish  for  shoes,  gross  weisht 

Blacking  of  all  classes  not  specified  in  this  iariS,  gross 

weight 

Blinds: 

Window.    (See  Window  Blinds,  Ka  1(^)5. ) 
Other.    (See  Window  Blinds,  No.  1095. ) 
Blondes  and  laces : 

Of  silk,  and  their  imitations,  net  weight 

Of  silk,  with  beads,  invoice  value 

Blouses,  scarfs,  and  coverings  of  woolen  vam,  with  the 
exception  of  those  specified  in  Nos.  1060  and  588  to 
640  for  adults  and  children,  even  though  they  may 

have  some  ornaments  of  silk,  net  weight 

Bodkins,  for  sewing  of  any  material  not  silver  or  gold, 

gross  weight 

Books: 

Blank  or  ruled,  of  all  sixes,  with  ordinary  binding, 

gross  weight 

Bound  with  velvet,  shell,  tortoise-shell,  ivory,  or 

metaL  cross  weight 

Boots  or  half^boots : 

Of  cow-hide  of  more  than  18  centimeter?  of  sole  . . . 
Of  cslf-skin  or  patent  leather  that  exceed  18  centi- 
meters of  sole 

Boot-hooks,  with  or  without  boxes,  gross  weight 

Bolts: 

For  tops  of  doors,  of  iron,  gross  weight 

Of  brass^gross  weight 

Bolts.    (See  Hinges,  Nos.  K3  and  504.) 

Bone  or  whalebone,  manufactures  of,  not  specified, 

gross  weight 

Bosoms: 

Cotton  of  aU  dasses.  for  shirts 

Plain,  of  linen,  for  shirts,  of  aU  classes 

Of  linen,  embroidered,  for  shirts  of  all  classes 

Bottles  or  flasks  of  metal  or  fdass,  covered  with  leather, 
wicker-work,  or  gntta-percha,  gross  weight 


kHo. 


do 


do 
do 


doz 


.do. 
kUo. 


do 
do 


do 


doz 
.do 
.do 


kUo 


s 
e, 


J 

a  9 

9 


55 


d 
o 

1 

CO 


$0  29 
25 

72 

1  00 

2  00 
8  00 

75 

1  00 

6  00 

12  00 
48 
96 

72 

19 

25 


84  41 


1  72 
86 

86 

1  15 

16  50 

27  00 
48 

19 
29 

29 

50 

1  50 

2  50 

20 

12 
29 

67 


10  50 
50 

1  OO 

1  00 

1  00 
1  00 

1  00 

1  00 

100 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

1  00 

50 

50 


100 
100 


1  00 
76 

76 

76 

1  00 

1  00 
50 

50 

50 

50 

1  OO 
1  OO 
1  OO 

50 

50 
50 


TARIFKS  OF  TUB   SEVEBAL  COUNTRIES 
DulUihh  imporU—CantinaeA. 


'Kamboii. 

ArtldH. 

i 

1 

1 

1 

11 

m  \2u] 
lie  m«\ 

For  iBWBlry,  Bro«  wf Ijihl 

190  (IIB) 

lai  [21B1 

metal.  ffroM  wBlght 

Kat  Rpwiaed.  eicopt  tboceof  eoM  «ad  ailrnr,  rioh 

(:4m  TBpfi,  No.  BTO.) 

ilSI 

8t      1           7S 

128  (Ml] 

meMl  thM  we  DM  filmed  Iron  w  plofiu,  gro«» 

1>                 » 

is  wi 

BnuIpLus.     (See  Rliigs,  MfM.  7TB  ud'  TTS.) 

Brl«k^1lrB  - 

Brldlea  nnd  blta  of  aU  cIuhs.  for  hones,  gnu  welgbt. 

M. 

ISO    1        so 

1»[MB1 

m(2»i 

IJg  [300] 
13D  ITM) 

™Fo"'«bOBii.  hoi™,  and  Kmbbiog  bnubeg.  gnu 

Tot  Ubiu.  da(b..a.  h>ir.  teeth,  naii*',  u.d  bVu,  »i 

In  bone,  voed,  boru.  or  eatU  perobm,  eroH  weiEht . 

For  lablBi^  Jtc,  BPt  In  Iruy.  »bLll.  lortolwj-gbolt, 

..do... 

80 

» 

1«-[.10*) 

■rtiolea  of  uddle  and  harneaa-wire,  luivered  or 
uD^voMd,  IhM  ate  not  plated  nei  gilded,  grow 

Of  n>eul,  fofiJl  n^' pUUd  or  glld^.  in^  «eiRht. 

orall  cl^tK..  for  dSi»*  b«U  and  aboem  tracV 

craTata,  and  other  n»a,  not  plated  or  gilded,  gnu 

1«  (IWl 
!«  18U1 

Buglee.     (Seeii^ada,  No^MandM.) 

Bamera,  of  iron  uid  oilivv  materials,  fur  lamps,  gram 

..do..- 

10            so 

BosCb.  acfoidini  lecinu.     (.SHSMtiies,  Nos.  wi  io^> 

Haste.     (SfeSUtD».N-o.D31.) 

Batter,  net  weljihti  Including  In  this  that  of  the  Inner 

34 
IB 

SI 
.   80 

iJS[!Ul 

BattoSr 

Of  Iron,  of  all  olamwe,  for  clnthini.  gniss  velEhE.. . 

irllboot  screws,  for  boies,  drawcri,  and  doprs, 

.do... 

60 

i^  111!] 

153  [188] 
IM  (ISSI 

or  otfaer  analoiFous  mslerials.  grotn  velsbl 

Uade  or  c«vtnS  of  any  tnatei  Si  other  IhMi  allk. 

gniisweiglit .    .... 

or  white  or  yeUow  Tnetal.  rot  pUted  nor  gilded,  of 

other  analuttoiu  meterials,  for  i:h>U>iug.  gnus 

...... 

.do... 

...... 

OfCanip3lo,nH.wolirht ' "   

Of  Maracalbn,  Caracas,  and  any  other  of  dno  qiul- 

!m[?ES] 

iMlMei 

...... 

Calitoes.     (See  Cotton  E.«His,Xo«.  284  »ud  285.) 

TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


297 


Dutiable  imporU — Contlnaed. 


^vunlterB. 


160  r?351 

1C2     [57] 

16:1     [87! 
164   (255] 
Its  [256] 
IGC     [54J 

167   [8661 


106 

[8671 

loa 

868 

170 

8G9 

171 

K70 

172 

871] 

17.1  [152] 
174   [153] 


17.-. 

[162] 

170 

too 

177 

(XK) 

178 

COO 

179 

GOO] 

180     [5fcl 

181  [•:Qi] 

182  [206] 

183  [400] 

184  [491] 
18o  [402] 

186  [291] 

187  [263] 


188 
1S9 


59 
66 


190     [07] 


191 
102 
199 


r69l 
70 


194  [280] 
105  [281] 


196 
197 
198 


282 

f283 

284 


199  [285] 

200  [286] 

201  [387] 


!»2 
209 


12751 


204  [2771 
206  [278] 


Articles. 


Cftmbrio.  fine  linen  lawn 

Camel-hair  bmnhei*.    (See  Paint  l^nshes,  Na  071.) 
Camphor,  not  weight,  including  in  this  the  weight  of 

the  inner  wrapper 

Canary  bird  Beed.  groea  weight 

Candleetioka.    (See  Chandeliers,  Kos.  217  to  220.) 
Candlesticks,  of  brass,  not  plated  or  gilded,  gross  weight. . 
Candle-holders,  or  branches  for  fixing  aj^dnst  a  wall, 

not  gilded  or  plated,  gross  weight 

Candlestickn,  wooden,  with  or  without  frame,  for  fee- 

tories,  gross  weight. 

Candles: 

Wax,  gross  weight 

Spermaceti,  gross  weight 

Stearine  of  any  class,  gross  weight 

ParafiSne,  gross  weight 

Tallow,  gross  weight 

Canes: 

Of  all  kinds,  not  having  gold  or  ailver  handle,  gross 

weight 

With  nandles  of  gold  or  silver,  or  of  both  mate- 
rials, with  or  without  precious  stones,  invoioe 

▼alue 

Cane,  used  for  fdmiture,  gross  weight 

Canton  crape  silk  in  the  piece,  net  weight 

Canvas.    (Bee  Thread,  Ko.  1,000.) 

Canvas  or  sail  cloth,  of  cotton,  all  classes 

Canvas,  of  linen  or  hemp,  according  to  class.     (See 

Linen,  Nos.  583  to  565.) 
Capers,  large  or  smaU,  prepared  or  in  brine,  net  weight. . 
Caps: 

Of  all  materials,  with  or  without  forepieoes,  and 

without  ornaments 

Of  fill  materials,  with  or  without  forepieces,  and 

with  ornaments,  upon  invoice  value 

Of  cotton,  wool,  or  linon  netting,  white  or  colored, 

for  men  and  boys 

Of  silk  netting  or  other  texture,  net  weight 

"Greek,"  of  silk  or  embroidered  or  plain  or  metal, 

upon  appraised  value 

For  all  kinds  of  arms,  gross  weight.    (Kifle  caps 
are  prohibited  except  by  previous  permission) . . . 
Capsules,   medicinsl,   of  all  substances,   net  weight, 

including  in  this  that  of  the  inner  wrapper 

Caraway  seed  and  anise  seed,  net  weight 

Carpets  or  rugs  of  hemp  or  tow 

Carpets: 

Of  coarse  frieze,  of  plain  or  crossed  texture  or  of 

beaten  wool 

Brussels,  uncut,  rough 

Brussels,  or  velvet,  smooth 

Corded,  with  cotton  warp 

Carriages : 

Of  two  seats  and  two  wheels,  with  or  without 

cover 

Open,  of  two  wheels  and  more  than  two  seats,  with 

or  without  cover ^ 

Carriages  and  coupes : 

Closed,  four  wneels  and  two  seats  

Open,  four  wheels  and  more  than  two  seats 

Carriages,    hot  specified,  such  as   landaus,  berlins, 
phaetons,   and  other   coaches  of  four  wheels  and 

more  than  two  seats...      

Small,  of  all  classes,  for  children,  upon  appraised 

value 

Two  wheels,  without  covering  or  lining  of  any 
sort,  and  without  being  varnished  or  polishea 

in  painting 

Four  wheels,  without  covering  or  lining  of  any 
sort,  and  without  l>eing  vaniished  or  polishea 

in  painting 

Cartridge-shells,  for  fire-arms,  gross  weight 

Cartridges  for  fire-arms,  gross  weight 

Carts  for  oxen  and  mules  and  cars : 

Two  wheels 

Four  wheels 


as 


sq.m.* 


kilo. 
..do. 


.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 

.do 


kilo. 
..do. 


sq.  m.* 
kilo.. 


doz 
..do 


.  do  . 
kilo. 

..do. 

..do. 


..do.. 
..do.. 
*i«q.  m, 


do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


each 
..do. 


do 
.do 


.do 


do 


..do. 
kilo. 
..do. 


each 
..do. 


s| 

O 


13 


55 


s 

I 


10  39 


60 
07 

10 

29 

67 

70 
67 
19 
88 
08 


86 


18 
956 

16 


10 

3  00 

66 

2  00 
966 

65 

43 

1  50 
10 
16 


65 

97 

140 

80 


66  00 

88  00 

132  00 
176  00 

396  00 


88  00 


176  00 
45 
60 

88  00 
66  00 


$100 


75 
50 

50 


60 

50 
50 
50 
50 
50 


75 


100 

50 

1  00 

1  00 


60 

100 

1  00 

1  00 
1  00 

1  00 

50 

1  00 

50 

1  00 


1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
I  00 


50 

50 

60 
50 

60 
50 

50 


50 
50 
50 

50 
60 


*  1  meter  is  equal  to  30.37  inches. 


298 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


DuUdble  imparU — Contintied. 


Nnmben. 


200 
207 


^] 


208 
200 


210  [480] 


211 

212  [102 

213  [207 
214 

215  [209' 

216  [4811 

217  [100] 

218  [101] 


210 
220 


rio2i 

[103] 


221  [770] 

222  [41] 


223 
224 
225 
226 
227 
228 


241 

242 

243 

240^ 

250 

318 


229  [382] 
230 
231 
232 


233 
234 


[820] 
[305] 

[305] 
[768] 


236  [768] 

236  [257] 

287 

238 

239  [755] 


240  [702] 

241  [703] 

242  [800] 

243  [070] 


244 
245 


315 
f322 


246    605 


247 
248 


240  [136] 


250 
251 
252 


210 
863 
328 


Articles. 


Carta,  small  hand,  two  wheels 

Cases  for  scissors  and  other  instniments,  and  dressing* 
cases  of  all  classes,  with  the  famishings  and  adorn- 
ments, not  gilded  or  plated,  gross  weight 

Same,  for,  &c.,  that  are  gilded  or  plated,  gross  weight. . . 
Cases,  for  bottles  and  liqaors,  of  aU  classes,  gross 

weight 

Cassimeres,  heavy  or  light  groundwork  and  woof,  of 
wool  of  all  colors,  with  or  without  mixture  of  other 

material 

Casters.    (See  Cruets,  Nos.  318  and  319.) 
Chains : 

For  interior  of  watches.    (See  Chains,  Na  215.) 

Of  iron,  gross  weifsht 

Of  brass,  gross  weicht 

Watch  cnains,  of  all  materials,  not  silver  or  gold, 

gross  weight  

Chamois  skin,  of  all  classes.    (See  Skins,  No.  886.) 
Chandeliers  and  candelabras  of  crystal  and  metal,  gilded 

or  plated  in  whatever  proportion,  gross  weight 

Chandeliers  and  lamps  of  crystal  and  ordinary  metal, 
not  gilded  or  plated,  in  any  proportion,  gross  weight. 
Chandeliers,  candelabras,  and  lamps: 

Of  metal,  plated  or  gilded,  gross  weight 

Of  metal,  ordinary',  not  plated  or  gilded,  gross 

weight    

Cheese,  of  all  classes,  net  weight,  including  in  this  that 
of  the  inner  wrapper 


Chess,  according  to  class.    (See  G«mes  of  diversion, 

Nos.  424  and  425.) 
Chemises: 

Of  cotton,  for  ladies,  plain  or  embroidered 

Of  cotton,  for  girls,  plain  or  embroidered 

Of  wool  netting,  underskirts,  net  weight 

Of  linen,  plain,  for  ladies 

Of  linen,  embroidered,  for  ladies 

Chloride  of  gold,  nrt  weight,  including  in  this  that  of 

the  inner  package 

Chocolate,  of  all  classes,  net  weight 

Cider,  in  casks.  (See  Beer,  Na  70.) 
Same  in  bottles.  (See  Beer,  No.  60.) 
Cigar  boxes,  according  to  class.    (See  boxea,  Nos.  116 

and  117.) 
Cigars.    (See  Tobacco,  Na  1022.) 
Cigar  cases,  according  to  class.    (See  Boxes,  Nos.  116 

and  117.) 
Cigars,  fine  quality.    (See  Tobacco,  No.  1028.) 

Cinnamon  of  all  kinds,  including  cassia,  net  weight 

Clasps.    (See  Hooks,  Nos.  512  and  513.) 
Cloaks.    (See  Blankets,  Nos.  81  and  82.) 
Cloaks,  or  talmn,  for  men,  of  wool,  upon  appraised 
value 


Clocks: 

Fine,  for  table  or  wall,  not  of  gold  or  silver,  gross 

wdght 

Ordinary,  for  table  or  wall,  with  or  without  case  of 

wood,  gross  weight .  

Clothing,  ready-made,  of  cotton,  wool,  or  linen,  not 

otherwise  stated,  invoice  value 

Cloth,  of  all  classes  and  colors,  with  warp  uid  woof  of 

wool,  plain,  worked,  conled,  or  flowerea 

Cloves,  lartTdand  small,  net  weight. 

Coaches.    (See  Carriages,  No.  198.) 
Cocks,  of  copper,  bronze,  brass,  pelter,  sine,  iron,  or 
wood,  for  emptying  barrels  or  other  depositories, 

grosBweight 

Cockles.    (See  Tunny,  No.  1040.) 

Codeine,  net  weight,  including  in  this  that  of  the  inner 

wrapper , 

Cod-fish,  dry  or  smoked,  and  any  other  fish  prepared  in 

the  same  manner,  net  weight 

Coffee: 

Net  weight 

Roasters,  gross  weight  ... 

CofFeni  of  iron.    (See  Safes.  No.  798.) 

*  1  meter  is  equal  to  39.37  inches. 


i. 


each 


kilo, 
.do. 


do 


do 


do 
.do 

do 


do 

.do 

.do 

do 

do 


dosen. 
..do... 
kilo... 
dosen. 
..do. 


«  $ 
''I 


kilo. 
..do. 


.do 


kilo, 
.do. 


sq.  m.* 
Idlo... 


.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 


65 


182 


0 

o 

a 


13  00 


86 
1  15 

1  15 


140 


10 
29 

86 


1  00 
29 

1  00 
29 
14 


7  00 

8  60 
1  60 

12  00 

24  00 

25  00 
50 


1  00 


86 
29 


1  56 
60 


19 

30 

10 

10 
19 


s 


I 


o  o 

a 
Q 


$0  50 

76 
1  00 

1  00 
1  00 


50 
60 

70 


1  00 
50 

1  00 
50 
50 


1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  OO 

1  00 
50 


75 

1  00 

75 

50 

1  00 

1  00 
73 

50 

1  00 

50 

60 
50 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEYEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


299 


DuUahU  imparU — Contintied. 


188] 

»4     (841 
»6  [886] 


SS7  [888] 
S88    [881 
[718; 


961  [718] 
[884] 


864  [881] 

265  [5S8] 

837 
888' 
330 


867 


270 
271 


858 


610 


272  [339] 
278  [840| 

274  [848 

275  [348^ 

276  [71 


277 
278 


^1 

278  [660] 


[561] 


2il  [662] 
^  [563] 

283  [564] 

284  [566] 


285 
286 
287 


566 


567 
568 


288  (568J 
288  [764] 


280  [281 

281  [201^ 
292  [282 


284  [284 
295  [448 
[444 


287 


[f&\ 


ArtlolM. 


CkNmten  and  dice,  for  eamea,  of  pasteboard,  bone,  braas, 

or  wood,  grosa  weight 

Coonterpanea.    (See  Coverleta,  Noa.  802  to  804) . 
Conpea,  oloaed.    (See  Carriagea,  Noa.  106  and  107.) 

*  1  meter  eqnala  39.37  inohea. 


IS 


kilo. 


do 


} 


do 

do 
do 

do 


do 


do 
do 

do 


jdo 


do 
do 


.do 

do's 
.do 


Cognac,  indnding  aniaado : 

In  Dottlea  or  aem^ohna,  without  allowanoe  for  leak- 
age or  breakage,  net  weight  

In  veaaela  of  wmo,  without  allowance  for  leakage, 

net  weight 

Collara  and  ca£b,  pbtin  or  embroidered,  of  cotton  or 

linen,  npon  appraised  valne 

Cdora.    (See  Painta.  No.  674.) 

Colnmna,of  iron,  groaa  weight 

Comba: 

Carry  and  iron  comba,  groaa  weight 

Of  oompoaition  of  all  daasea,  groaa  weight 

All  aisea,  of  tortoise  shell,  iroiy,  or  ahell,  with  or 

without  omamenta,  groaa  weight 

All  aiiea,  of  Japanned  iron,  horn,  gntta  peroha, 
bone,  or  wood,  with  or  without  ordinary  metal, 

grosa  weight 

Confeetiona  andaweetmeata  of  all  kinda,  and  preserved 
fruits,  including  in  the  weight  the  boxea  or  yeaaela 

that  contain  them,  net  weight 

Copper  in  aheeta,  gross  weight 

Coral,  fine,  manufactured  or  unmanufactured,  groaa 

weight 

Cordials,  in  bottles  or  earthenware,  wiUiont  allowanoe 

for  leakage  or  breakage,  groas  weight 

Cord  of  wooL    (See  Tapea,  ifo.  060.) 

Cord  of  sUk ,  net  weight 

Cork  in  bulk  or  in  plates,  net  weight 

Corka,  net  wei^t |..do 

Cork^acrewa,  aB  classes,  groaa  weight >. do 

Com  of  Quinea  or  millet^  spike  or  ear  of,  groas  weight. . 
Corsets  of  cotton,  wool,  or  \hwn : 

For  girls 

Fwuidiea 

Coemeticai 

For  maces  of  billiard  tablea,  groaa  weight 

For  the  hair.    (See  Perfumery.  No.  713.) 
Cotton,  waate  and  soiled  cotton  thread,  to  clean  ma> 

chinery,  gross  weight 

Cotton: 

XJnginned,  gross  weight 

Oiimed,  gross  weight 

Cotton  goods: 

Coarae  or  common,  white  or  colored,  loosely  woren, 
inferior  to  musllD,  and  e<)ual  in  texture  to  that 
known  by  the  name  of  {mtrriHaque)  manila  graaa 

cloth    

Wbite  or  colored  mualin,  with  the  exception  of 
thoae  comprehended  in  No.  279,  not  embroidered 

nor  in  open  work 

Plain  brownish,  unbleached 

Plain  white,  that  do  not  exceed  33  threada  in  a  aquare 

of  I  cen  t i  meter  per  aide 

Of  more  than  33  tnreada,  ^ 

Plain,  dyed,  or  stamped,  that  do  not  exceed  80 

threads  in  a  square  of  i  centimeter 

Or  more  than  30  threads,  &c 

Twilled,  white  or  brownish,  and  ginghams 

White,  mottled,  or  brownish,  that  are  not  satin  fin* 

iah,  damaak  like,  pluah-like,  or  Yelret-like 

Cotton  gooda  and  texturea  of  cotton,  white  or  colored, 

embroidered  oi  in  open  work 

Cotton  net  of  all  classes  and  colors,  net  weight;  includ- 
ing in  this  that  of  the  boxes  that  contain  them,  and 

the  wrappers  around  them    

Cots,  iron .  (See  B«d  s.  No.  67. ) 
Braaa.  (See  Beda,  No.  C6,) 
Camp,  of  wood,  including  coverings  and  mattresses 

when  attached  to  the  same,  gross  weight 

Of  iron,  including,  4to 

Of  braas,  including,  &.C 

Countera  of  ivory  or  shell,  gross  weight 


kilo. 


do 

do 
do 


sq.m.* 


do 
do 


do 
do 

do 
do 
do 

do 

do 


kilo. 


do 
do 
do 
do 


a 


s 

A4 


!  ® 

o 
► 


.do 


55 


a 

I 


80  88 
8 


83    I 
Hi 


28 

19 
23 

1  15 


29 


148 
83 


10  50 

50 

1  00 


8  60 
28 
8 


{    11 


14  84 
6 

10 

48 

2 

2 
600 


25 


\ 


2 

7 


16 

a  40 

9.85 
16.85 

14.80 
16.80 
16 

16 

18 


600 


15 
19 
29 
86 

29 


50 

50 

50 

75 


50 


50 
50 

1  00 
60 

1  00 
50 
50    • 

50 
50 

50 

1  00 

50 


50 

60 

60 


100 

1  00 
1  00 

1  00 
1  00 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

1  00 

1  oo 

1  00 


50 
60 

50 
75 

50 


300 


TABIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Dutiable  imparti — Continued. 


300  3401 


302  [319] 

303  [320 

304  tj21 


305 
306 
307 

9201 
258 

308 
300 
310 
311 

332 
333 
334 
335 

812  [3501 
818  [351] 

814  [601] 


815  [602] 


316  [603] 

817  [355] 

318  [11] 

319  [12] 
820 

821  £352] 

322  [353] 

823  [354] 

324  [875] 
825  [876] 
826 

327  [767 

328  1 330 

329  [865 

830  [716 

831  [344] 
332  (3451 


333  [346] 

334  [325] 

[385] 
[385] 


335  [3851 
336 


337 
338 
339 


389 
383 
300 


340  [391] 


do 


do 
do 


Coart>plaater.    (See  PUster,  No  739.) 

Covers  of  silk  for  parasoU.    (See  Linings,  No.  689  ) 

Covers  or  screens  of  woven  wire  for  viands,  gross 

weight 
Coverlets  and  o6anterpanes: 

Of  cotton,  and  other  textnres  analogous  to  cotton  . . 

Of  wool,  &o 

Of  wool  and  cotton*  See,  analogous  to  wool  and 

cotton 

Coverlets  of  silk.    (See  Table  covers,  No.  974.) 
Crabs  (shellfish).    (See Tnnny,  No.  1040.) 

Crackers,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Cravats  I 

Of  cotton 

Of  linen 

Of  wool 

Of  silk,  of  all  classes,  with  or  without  springs  and 

frames,  net  weight 

C  rinidines  of  all  classes : 

For  girls 

For  Guiles 

Crockery  and  porcelain : 

Manafactured  in  pieces  of  all  forms,  classes,  and 
sises;  with  the  exception  of  Uiose  qnoted,  and 
not  hidnding  tojrs  of  Na  1030 ;  without  allowance 

for  breakage,  gross  weight 

In  pieces  of  iQl  forms,  claMes,  and  sizes,  with  mount- 
ings or  ornaments  of  ordinary  metal,  white  or 
y^ow,   without  allowance  for  breakage,  gross 

weight 

In  pieces.  Sec,  or  ornaments  of  metals  plated  or 
glided,  without  allowance  for  breakage,  gross 

weight 

Crosses  and  medalsof  ordinary  metal,  that  is  not  plated 

or  gilded,  gross  weight 

Cruets  of  wood  or  ordinary  metal,  with  or  without  I 

bottles,  gross  weight |..do 

Cruets  of  plated  or  gilded  metal,  with  or  without  bot- 
tles, gross  weight 

Cruet  standa.    (See  Cruets,  Nos.  318  and  319.) 
Crystal  and  glass : 

Mauufactured  in  pieces  of  all  forms,  classes,  and 
sizes,  with  Uie  exception  of  those  quoted,  without  ' 

allowance  for  breakage,  gross  weight do 

And  sizes,  with  mountuigs  and  ornaments  of  ord!-  , 
nary  metal,  white  or  yellow,  without  allowance 

for  breakage,  gross  weight do 

Omameuts  of  metal,   plated,  or  gilded,  without,  I 

Ac ..do 

Crystals :  I 

For  watehes,  gross  weight ..do 

Loose  for  eve-glasses,  gross  weight do 

Cufis.    (See  CoUara,  No.  255  ) 

Of  cot  ton.    (See  Collars,  No.  255. ) 

Cummin  seed,  net  weight 

Cups  of  leather.    (See  Washbowls.  No.  1069.) 
Curry-combs,  iron.    (See  Combs,  No.  258.) 
Curtains: 

Of  cotton-muslin,  plain  or  embroidered,  upon  ap 

praised  value I 

Or  cot  ton-net,  plain  or  emboridered,  net  weight    —  I . .  do 
Of  linen,  plain   or  embroidered,  upon  appraised 

value 

Cushions  and  inner  linings  for  carriages,  upon  appraised 

value 

Damask  of  wool.    (See  Woolen  goods.  No.  1117.)  I 

Dem^ohns  of  all  sizes,  without  allowance  for  breakage,  ' 

gross  weight ...do 

D&monds,  mounted,  for  cutting  gjasajsross  weight .do 

Dice  for  games.    (See  Counters,  No.  2w.)  I 

Digitaline  (alkaloid),  net  weight,  including  in  this  that 


do 


85 


55 
55 


1  14 


12 

25 
50 
50 

18  00 

1  50 
4  50 


14 

20 

1  15 
29 
29 

1  00 

17 

29 

1  15 

24 
29 


of  the  inner  wrapper 
Diligences  (carriages,  see  also  Carriages),  all  classes 
and  dimensions 


do 


each. 


i" 

1  00 
50 

1  00 

50 

4 

67 

50 
75 

25  00 

1  00 

150  00 

60 

1  00 


50 

1  00 
I  00 
1  00 

1  00 

50 
50 


50 

60 

60 

60 

75 

1  00 


50 

60 

50 

50 
50 

50 


*  1  meter  equals  39.87  inohea. 


TARIFFS   OP   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


301 


Dutidhle  imports — ContiDued. 


Nnmbors. 


341  (302] 


342  [392] 


343 
344 

345 
346 

347 
348 
349 
350 
351 
352 


230 
231 
2-^2 
385 
651 
393 


353  [609] 

351 

355  [795] 

350  [7961 

357  [396] 

358  [397] 


359  [174] 


360 
361 
362 
363 
364 
365 
306 


500 
501 
409 
408 
.493. 
7721 
406 


367  [406] 

308 

[434] 

309 

370 

[43r.l 

437] 

871 
372 

[437] 
438] 

373 

[96] 

374 

[290] 

375 

[«57] 

376 

[3] 

377 

[41 

378 

[5] 

379 

[26] 

380 
881 
882 

m 

383 
884 
385 


380 
381 
461 


Articlea. 


Docaments  of  all  classes,  printed,  mled,  and  engraved 
or  lithographed,  with  or  without  spaces  for  writing 

in  .., each 

Dominoes.    (See  Games,  Nos.  414  and  425.) 
Drawers,  of  cotton  cloth : 

For  adults doz 

Forciiildren do  ... 

Drawers,  under : 

Of  cotton  netting,  net  weight kilo. 

Of  woolen  netting,  net  weight do 

Drawers,  of  linen : 

For  adults dos 

For  children do 

Drawers, of  sillinetting,  net  weight kilo 

Draughts,  games  of.  (See  Games,  Nos.  424  and  425.) 
Dressing  cases.  (See  Cases,  Nos.  207  and  208.) 
Drugs,  medicinal,  natural,  and  chemical  products,  and 
the  various  goods  sold  in  a  drug-store  that  are  em- 
ployed in  medicine  and  in  the  arts  and  the  vessels, 
and  every  class  of  utensils  for  medicine  or  pharmacy 
thst  are  not  specified  in  the  nomenclature  of  this 

tariff;  upon  the  invoice  value 

Dye  woods,  in  blocks  or  in  paper,  gross  weight kilo. 

EUging  of  tapes.    (See  Tapes,  No.  979.) 

Elastics  of  rubber  and  cotton  for  shoes  and  other  uses, 

gross  weight do  . 

Elastics,  &c  ,  and  silk  for,  &o do  . 

Elaterium  (chemical  substance),  net  weight;  including 

in  this  that  of  the  inner  package do  . 

Elixirs,  medicinal,  of  all  substances  and  kinds,  net 
weight,  including  in  this  that  of  the  vessel  contain- 
ing them do  . 

Embroidery  of  all  kinds  entirely  of  cotton  or  linen,  in- 
voice value 

Embroidery : 

Of  wool,  net  weight • kilo 

Of  silk,  net  weight do  . 

Emery,  in  powder,  gross  weight do  . 

Enamelj  in  leaves  or  cut  in  small  pieces,  grc^  weight ..  .  .do  . 
Engravings.    (See  Prints,.  No.  700.) 

Erasers,  for  slates,  gross  weight do  . 

Essences  of  sarsai>arilla,  of  Bristol,  Townsend,  or  any 
other  manufacture,  net  weight;  including  in  this  that 

of  t  he  inner  package do. 

Essences  and  extracts  for  the  toilet.    (See  Peif  umery, 

No.  713.) 
Ether,  of  all  substances,  net  weight ;  including  in  this 

that  of  the  inner  wrapper do. 

Extract  of  meat,  upon  appraised  value 

Extract  of  logwood,  net  weight ;  including  in  this  that 

of  the  inner  wrapper kilo. 

Extracts,  aromatic,  fortoilet.    (See  Perfumery,No.  713.) 
Extracts  of  all  substances  for  medicinal  uses,  net 

weight ;  including  in  this  that  of  the  inner  wrapper. .  .  .do  . 
Eye-glasses,  with  or  without  spectacle  mountings,  Kos. 

0  and  8,  in  common  cases,  gross  weight do  . 

Eyelets  and  socketa,  white  and  yellow,  of  common,  I 

metal,  for  tailors  and  shoemakers,  gross  weight do 

Fancy  work,  all  kinds,  on  cards  or  perforated  paper, 

gross  weight do 

Fans: 

Ordinary,  of  straw,  pasteboard,  or  linen,  wiUiout 

sticks,  gross  weight 

Common,  with  sticks  of  wood,  horn,  or  Itone,  and 

fl^l  that  are  not  specilied,  gross  weight 

With  sticks  of  shell,  ivory,  or  tortoise-shell,  with  or 

without  adornments,  loose  in  box 

Fasteners  of  iron  and  brass  for  doors,  windows,  Sec, 

gross  weight kilo. 

Fauceto.    (See  Cocks,  No.  246.) 

Felt,  of  wool,  in  rolls,  net  weight do 

Felts,  for  frames  of  bats,  gross  weight do 

Fire  ffrates,  loot  stoves,  bake  ovens,  and  cooking  stoves :  I 
With  outfits,  with  ornaments  of  brass,  gross  weight,  i .  .do 

Without  ornaments  of  brass,  gross  weight | .  .do 

Fire-places  of  iron,  for  blacksmiths.    (See  Fire-grates, 
Nos.  883  and  384.) 


S  9 
"I 

o 


B 

I 

CO 


88 


55 


55 


each 


4  00 

2  00 

1  50 
1  00 

6  00 

3  00 
14  34 


05 

1  25 
30  00 

1  00 


2  86 

800 

07 

86 

07 


75 


20 


10 

3  00 
20 
29 
57 


S 

-si 


g 


$57  00  i      $0  75 


I  00 
1  00 

1  00 
1  00 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 


50 

50 


SO 
75 

100 


50 

1  00 

1  00 

1  00 

50 

75 

50 
50 


50 
50 

50 


1  00 
50 
50 
50 


19 

50 

86 

75 

2  25 

100 

19 

50 

20 
1  90 

50 
75 

29 
19 

,           50 
'           60 

302 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Dutiable  imports — Continnod. 


Numbers. 


886  [725] 

887  f725] 


888 

725 

389 

97 

3tK) 

258 

391 

464 

892 

893  [4071 
394  [503] 

895  [450] 


896  [460] 

897  [461] 
896 

899  [4141 

400  [112] 

401  [415] 

402  [61b| 

403  [454] 


404 
405 
406 


455 
406 
457 


407  [471] 

408  [472] 

409  [473] 

410  [474] 

411  [476J 
412 

418  [640] 


414  [178] 

415  [179] 


416 
417 


[1791 
[180] 

418  [181] 


419  [182] 


420 

421 
422 


477 
478 
479 


428  [480] 


424  [538] 

425  [539] 

426  [493] 

427  [505] 


Articles. 


Fish,  preserved,  except  tboso  incladed  in  No.  1040,  net 

weight;  iucludinf^  in  tbis  tbc  inner  wrapper 

Fisb  and  cockli-s  ot  any  class,  pickled,  salted,  or  bea* 
soned  wiiii  salt  or  in  oil,  incluning  sardines  in  tomato, 
butler,  or  oil.     (See  Tunny.  No.  1040.) 
Fish,  dried  or  smoked.    (See  Codfish,  No.  249. ) 

Fish-hooks,  all  classes  and  sizes,  gross  welgbt 

Fixtures  fur  coach-poles.  (See  Kings,  No.  774.) 
Flannel,  according  to  its  class.   (See  Baize,  Nos.  34  to  38.) 
Flasks.    (See  Bottles,  No.  113.) 

Flmt  and  steel,  for  pocket  use,  gross  weight 

Flour,  of  wheat,  of  all  classes,  net  weight 

Flowers: 

Artificial  and  plafnes  for  nmamertA,  not  weight ; 
including  the  weight  of  the  boxes  that  contain 

them 

Medicinal,  gross  weight 

Foils,  with  or  without  hilt,  uross  weight 

Forks.    (See  Spoons,  Nos.  913  to  917,  and  Knives,  Nos. 

551  to  553.) 
Forms,  for  invoices,  drafts,  &c.    'See  Documents. ) 
Frames  Of  glazed  linen  for  bonnets  and  hats  for  ladies 

and  children,  gross  weight  

Frames  for  paras*  lis,  shades,  and  umbiellas.groHS  weight 
Frames  andmoldingsof  wood,  gilded  or  not,  gross  weight 
Fringes  and  trimmings: 

Of  cotton,  not  including  fringe,  white  or  colored,  net 
weight;  including  in  the  weight  that  of  the  paste- 
boaid-box  that  contains  them,  und  in  case  ihey 
come  loose  the  card  on  which  they  are  wiaipped.. 

Of  wool,  with  or  without  bends,  net  weight 

Of  silk,  without  ornaments,  net  weight 

With  ornaments  that  are  not  of  fine  metal,  upon 

appraised  value 

Fruits: 

Dried,  net  weight 

In  their  own  juice,  net  weight;  including  in  the 

weight  that  of  the  vessel  containing  them    

In  brandy,  wine,  or  liquor,  net  weight ;  including  in 
the  weight  thut  of  tiie  vessels  that  contain  them. . 

Medicinal,  gross  weight 

FulminanU     (See  Caps.  No.  186. ) 

Fur.    (r>ee  Hair,  No.  470. ) 

Furniture,  of  all  clai^ses  and  materials  with  exception 

of  that  quoted  in  tnis  tariff,  up«)n  appraised  value 

Gaiters : 

Of  leather,  of  all  classes,  with  or  without  elastic, 

that  exceed  18  centimeters  of  sole 

Of  leather  or  other  material  than  silk,  with  or  with- 
out ornaments  or  elastic,  lor  ladies,  that  exceed 

18  centimeters  of  sole 

Of  wool.    (See  BlouKe%  No.  90  ) 

Of  silk,  with  or  without  adornments  or  elastic,  for 

ladiex,  that  exceed  18  centimeters  of  sole 
Of  leather  or  any  oth«»r  material  except  Bilk,  with 
or  without-  oiiiauieuts  or  elastic,  that  do  not  ex- 
ceed 18  centimeters  of  solo .  

Of  silk,  with  or  without  ornaments  and  elastics, 

that  do  not  •  xeeed  18  centimeters  of  sole 

Galloon  and  textures  of  while  or  yellow  metal: 

Not  gilded  or  phit«  d,  ^rross  weicht 

Gilded  or  plated,  in  any  proportion,  gross  weight. . . 
Galloon  and  textuies  of  silver  of  oue  or  two  sliades, 

with  or  without  alloy  of  other  metal,  net  weigiit 

Galloon  and  textures  of  gilded  bilver  of  one  or  two 
shades,  with  or  without  alloy  of  other  metal,  net 

weight 

Games   of   diversion,    as    lottery,    chess,   dominoes, 
draughts,  and  others: 
Ot  diversion,  of  pasteboard,  bone,  or  wood  and  their 

boards 

Of  ivory  or  shell  and  their  boards,  gross  weight .... 
Garnet,  imiution  of.    (See  Beads,  No.  64.) 
Garters: 

Of  cotton,  with  clasps  or  buckles,  including  in  the 
weight  the  pasteboards  that  contain  them,  net 
weight 


£ 

mC 

§^ 

Eg 

^b 

•^  o 

V 

^ 

kUo. 


.do 


do 
do 


.do 
do 

.do 


..do 

.'do 

,.do 


.do 

do 

.do 


kilo. 


.do  . 


.do 
do 


doz 

..do 

..do 

..do 
..do 


kilo, 
.do. 


do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


e 

P4 


55 


55 


.do 


90  72 


58 


43 
10 


2  86 
20 
43 


19 
CO 
43 


2  00 

2  86 

14  34 


13  00 

13  00 

17  00 

7  00 
10  00 

1  19 

2  38 

12  00 

14  00 


29 
86 


05  I 

50  ! 

72 
20 


57 


10  50 


50 


50 
50 


1  00 
50 
50 


50 
75 
50 


1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

1  00 

50 

50 

50 
60 

50 

1  00 

I  00 

1  00 

1  00 

1  00 

1  00 
1  00 

1  00 
1  00 


50 
75 


1  00 


TARIFFS  OF  THK   SEVEBAL   COUNTBIEfi. 


303 


Dutiable  imporU — Continaed. 


Numbers. 


428 

[596] 

429 

430 

[597 
20i: 

431 

[27] 

432 

[281 

433 

Articles. 


434  [280] 


435 

[260] 

436 
437 

[350] 
167 

438 

[873] 

439 

[874] 

440 
441 
442 

[494 
495 
496 

443 
444 
445 

[90] 

(9' 

[.i26 

446 
447 
448 

[663 

mi 

582 

449 
450 
451 
452 
453 

583 
6ft5 

r»«6 

587 

454  [588] 

455  [589] 


456  [590] 

457  [591] 


458  [592] 


459 
460 
461 
462 
463 
464 


[6941 

r«34i 

501 
488 


M 


Garters— Ck)iitiiiaed. 

Of  linen  or  hemp,  of  all  classeA,  \rii)i  clasps  or 

buckles,  cross  weight 

Of  silk,  with  or  withoat  adornments,  net  weight. . . . 

Geldings 

Gm: 

In  earthen  jars,  bottles,  dera^ohn^,  withoat  allow-  i 
ance  for  breakage  or  leakage,  net  weight.  > 

In  casks,  without  allowance  for  leakage,  net  weight. 

Ginghams.   (See  Cotton  goods,  No.  286.) 
Glass: 

Cut  in  any  shape,  as  pendants  for  lamps,  chande- 
liers, ana  candle-holders,  as  well  as  for  breast 

pumps,  gross  weight 

Omamfcuis,  cut  for  embroidery  with  wire,  accord- 
ing to  class.   (Sise  Wire,  curled,  Nos.  105  to  107. 
See  Eye-glasses.  No.  373.) 
Glasses  for  counting  thread  in  cloth.   (See  Lenses,  No. 

578.) 
Glass  wrought,  according  to  class.    (See  Crystal,  Nos. 

321  to  323.) 
Glass,  window,  of  all  classes  and  colors,  withont  allow- 

aoce  for  breakage,  gross  weight 

Gloves: 

Of  cotton,  wool,  or  linen,  of  all  sizes  and  colors,  prs 

Breastplates  and  loggings  for  fencing,  prs 

Of  skin  or  fur  of  all  classes,  including  embroidered 

ones,  prs 

Glove  stretchers: 

Of  wood  or  guttarX)ercha,  gross  weight 

Of  i  vory  or  ot  her  material  not  specified ,  gross  weight . 

Glue,  gross  weight 

Gold,  beaten : 

Gross  weight 

Fine,  in  leaves,  up  to  1 1  centimeters  in  each 

Goods  and  textures  whose  base  is  of  cotton,  and  that 
have  a  mixture  of  silk  in  whatever  proportion  in  flow- 
ers, stripes,  figures,  or  designs,  even  having  in  small 

quantity  a  mixture  of  metal,  uot  gold  or  silver 

Same,  of  cotton  and  lineo,  &c 

S;ime,  of  cotton  and  wool,  ^^     

Same,  of  eot ton,  linen,  and  wool,  Sec 

Same,  of  liuen,  &c       

Goods  and  fabrics  whose  base  is  of  linen  and  wool,  and 
that  have  a  mixture  of  sitk  in  whatever  proportion 
in  llowovs.  stripes,  figures,  or  designs,  even  when  they 
have  in  small  quantity  a  mixture  of  metal,  not  gold  or 

silver 

Same,  of  wool,  Slo 

Same,  of  silk,  with  a  mixture  of  cotton,  wool,  or  linen, 
or  these  united, plain,  twilled,  worked,  open  worked, 
shaggy  and  embroidered,  even,  Sec, ;  upon  apprised 

value 

Same,  of  silk  or  cotton,  or  of  both  materials,  with  a 
nuxtnro  of  fine  metal  in  any  proportion  or  quantity; 

upon  appraised  value 

Same,  that  are  composed  of  various  materitds  that  are 
not  of  silk  or  metal,  and  whosH  mixture  has  not  a 
special  quotation  in  this  taritF.  shall  pay  the  rate 
which  will  result  as  a  prudent  medium  of  tboso  as- 
signed to  the  fabrics  of  tho  component  materials  ac- 
cording to  their  respective  classification  when  the 
mixture  extends  to  tho  entire  texturo,  this  having 
only  a  few  threails  of  diverse  material,  in  which  case 
thev  shall  pay  the  duty  assigned  upon  the  material 

which  compoMs  tbn  greater  part  of  tho  texture 

Goo<ls  and  fabrics,  plain  white,  of  wool  and  cotton,  as 

birize  and  ti:innol  and  other  analogous  textures 

Same,  plain  of  colors  of,  &o 

Sauie,  twilled  of,  dec 

Grass  cloth.    (See  Cotton  goods.  No.  279.)     * 
Grindstones.    (See  Stones  for  grinding.  No.  948.) 
Gatta-percluL    (See  Wood.  &c.,  No.  11 11.) 
Gum,  liquid  for  desks,  net  weight ;  including  the  bot- 
tles that  contain  it 

*1  meter  ennals  89.37  inchea. 


kilo, 
-do. 
e'cb 


kUo. 
..do. 


is 


o 

I 


8 

^^ 

f 


.do 


.do 


doz 
.do 


do 


kilo. 
..do  . 
..do. 


.do.. 
Ml'vs. 


sq.  m.* 

;!do!! 

..do., 
.do.. 


do 
.do 


so.  m.* 
..do  ... 
..do... 


kUo. 


i0  57 
14  34 
86  00 

48 

10 

88 

8 


29 


$1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

50 
50 


56 
66 


24 

1  00 

3  00 

1  50 

29 
60 
20 

43 

4  00 


20 
22 
26 
27 
25 


80 
86 


1&60 
19 
23 


29 


50 


50 

1  00 
1  00 

1  00 

50 
75 
50 

50 
1  00 


1  00 
I  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 


1  00 
1  00 


1  00 
100 


1  00 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 


60 


304 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Dutiable  imparts — Continaed. 


Nnmbers. 


465  [480] 
406  [405] 

467  1476] 

468  [886] 
460  77» 

470  [72i; 

471  [722] 

472  [524] 

473  [220 

474  221 
476  222 

476  223 

477  224 

478  225 
470  [532 

4«0  [77] 

481  [676] 


482  [677] 

483  [678] 

484  [670] 

485  [680] 

486  [681] 

487  [6821 


488  [683] 
480  [684] 

400  [685] 

401  [612] 

402  [768] 


403 
404 
405 


407 

r408 
506 


406  [822] 

407  [823 
406  [824, 
400  [825 


500  [716] 

501  [261] 


Articles. 


502 
603 
503a 


885 
106 


Gums,  reains,  and  bitumens  of  all  classes  not  specified, 

grosswei^ht  

Guns,  escopetas,  according  to  class.    (See  Arms,  Nos. 

22  to  24.) 
Gnus,  hisiles,  according  to  class.    (See  Arms,  Nos.  22 
to  24.) 

Oypsam,  gross  weight 

Hackles, not  applicable  for  agricoltnre,  gross  weight.. 
Hair,  or  far  of  the  vicugna,  hare,rabbit,  or  others  simi- 
lar, for  hats,  net  weight 

Hair,  for  wigs,  head  dresses,  dec,  net  weight 

Hairpins     (See  Pins,  No  728.) 
Half-hose : 

For  adults 

For  children 

Of  wool,  for  adults 

Of  wool,  for  children 

Of  linen  or  hemp,  for  adults 

For  cliildren 

Ham,  smoked  and  salted,  and  sausages,  large  and  small, 

net  weight 

Hammers,  of  iron,  large  size,  for  foundries,  gross  weight 
Handkerchiefs: 

Cotton,  plain,  white,  or  colored,  with  or  without 
borders  or  hems  in  the  texture,  up  to  30  threads 
of  warp  and  woof  in  a  square  that  has  ^  centim- 
eter per  side 

Cotton,  twilled,  white  or  colored,  with  or  without 

borders  or  hems  in  the  texture 

Cotton,  white  or  colored,  with  or,  &o.,  of  more 

than  30  threads  of  warp,  &,o 

Cotton,  embroidered  and  open  worked,  with  or 
without  trimmingH  of  lace  up  to  50  centimeters  in 

a  square 

Linen,  plain,  whit«  or  stamped  and  striped  in 
colors  in  the  texture,  with  or  without  nem  or 
border,  up  to  30  threads  of  web  and  woof  in  a 

square  of  ^  centimeter  per  side 

Same,  of  more  than  30  threads  of.  Sto 

Same,  that  have  a  mixture  of  linen  and  cotton, 
shall  pay  a  prudent  medium  between  the  rat^ 
shown  to  the  handkerchiefs  of  each  one  of  these 
materials,  occordiug  to  what  is  provided  in  No. 

457  of  this  tariff   

Linen,  embroidered,  open  worked,  or  with  trim- 
ming of  lace • 

Silk,  plain,  striped  or  twilled,  white  or  colored,  even 
when  their  Dorder  is  of  another  material,  net 

weight 

Of  silk,  worked,  embroidered,  transparent,  or  of 
gauze  of  all  colors,  with  or  without  fringe,  even 
when  their  borders  have  other  materials,  net 

weight * 

Handles  or  helves  of  wood  for  tools  of  artisans,  gross 

weight 

Handles  and  lerrules  that  are  not  of  gold  or  silver,  gross 

weight  .y 

Harness,  for  carriages:  «. 

Common,  gross  weight 

Fine,  gross  weight 

Hatchets.    (See  Axes,  No.  27.) 
Hats: 

Of  straw,  without  trimmings,  patterns  of,  of  all 

classes  except  those  of  Panama 

Of  Panama,  with  or  without  trimmings 

Of  felt,  patterns  of,  without  furnishing 

Of  all  classes  and  materials  and  classes,  with  trim- 
mings of  any  kind,  for  boys  and  men,  with  the 
except  ion  of  those  specified,  upon  appraised  value . 
Head-dresses,  according  to  their  class.     (See  Orna- 
ments for  the  head.  Nos.  24  a^d  25.) 
Hemp,  in  crude  state  for  making  thread  or  rope,  net 

weight 

HcrlMi,  medicinsl,  gross  weight 

Hinges  and  bolts  of  ii  on,  gross  weight 

Hinges  of  iron,  gross  weight 


t 

i 

M 

• 

ea 

^^ 

s 

•»^g 

0  « 

o 

-a" 

§ii 

qa 

fs 
^ 

Pi 

1 

kUo. 


do 
do 

.do 
.do 


doz  . 

do. 
.do  . 
.do. 
.do. 

do. 

kilo. 
..do  . 


sq.  m 

..do.. 

.do.. 


do 


do 
do 


.do. 
doz  . 

kilo. 


.do 

.do 

do 

do 
.do 


dnz 

do 

.do 


kilo. 

.do. 

do. 

.do. 


65 


90  25 


10 
10 

1  43 
10  00 


1  00 
66 

1  06 
77 

1  00 
66 

24 

06 


14 
16 
16 

2  00 


16 
22 


4  50 
7  17 

10  75 

10 

86 

86 
2  00 


6  60 

15  00 

0  00 


06 
20 
10 
10 


is 


10  50 


50 
50 

1  00 
1  00 


1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

50 
50 


1  00 
1  OQ 
1  00 

1  00 


1  00 
1  00 


1  00 
100 

100 

1  00 

50 

75 

75 
75 


50 
50 
50 


50 


50 
50 
50 
50 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COmTTRIES. 


305 


IhUidble  iiiiparto—Continned. 


STmnbors. 


506 
.500 

510 
511 


512 

513 

514 

515 

516 

517 

518 

518a 

519 

520 
521 


[IM] 

482 
483 
113 
604 
754 


1852J 
[8531 


522 
523 
524 
525 
526 

527 

528 


520 
530 
531 


[851 
855 
52<> 
888 


887 
[1171 
[384] 


(446 

[447 
[448 


532 
533 

534 

535 

536 
537 

538 
530 
540 
541 
542 


[440] 
[450J 

[451] 

1667] 

[«1»1 


[3741 
375] 
376] 

[751 


5a 

544 

545 

546 


[SSI 


Artioles. 


504  [4S3] 
504a[167] 

505  [260] 

506  [200] 

507  [684] 


547  [607] 


548 
540 
560 


Hinges  and  bolts  of  brass,  gross  weight kilo. 

Hineesof  brass,  gross  weight do 

Holaers  for  pen  or  pencil : 

Of  gilded  or  plated  metal,  iyory,  shell,  tortoise-shell, 

or  other  analogous  material,  gross  weight do 

Of  metal  not  plated  or  gilded,  of  wood,  horn,  bone, 
gntta-x>ercha,  or  other  analogoos  material,  gross 

weight '. do 

Honey.    (See  Molasses,  No.  610.) 
Hooks: 

Of  iron,  for  hanging  pictures,  gross  weight do 

Of  iron,  for  fastening  doors  and  windows^  gross 

weight do 

Of  brass,  for,  &o do 

Hooks  and  eyes  of  wire  of  all  classes,  loose  or  fixed,   | 

gross  weight do  . 

Hooks  and  clasps : 

Of  all  kinds,  for  cloaks,  that  are  not  gilded  or  plated, 

cross  weight  do  . 

Glided  or  plated,  or  of  shell,  for  cloaks,  gross  weight.  I .  .do  . 
Hooks:  I 

Of  iron,  gross  weight ^ . .  do  . 

Of  brass,  gross  wci;:ht U.do  . 

Hoops,  covered,  for  crinolines,  gross  weight do  . 

Hops,  net  weight do  . 

Horn,  powder.    (See  Ammunition,  No.  17.) 
Hose.    (See  Half  bose,  Nos.  473  to  478.) 

[06]  I  lndiffo,of  all  kinds,  gross  weight do  . 

Ink,  for  writiog: 

In  covering;  of  clay,  glass,  or  crystal,  net  weight do  . 

In  coveHog  of  wood,  without  alipwance  for  leakage,  i 

net  weight do'  - 

Inkstands: 

Of  metal,  gilded  or  plated,  gross  weight do  . 

Of  all  materials,  not  gilded  or  plated,  gross  weight.  .  .do  . 
Instmmeats  for  artisans.    (See  Tools,  No.  1020.) 

Iodide,  of  all  substances,  gross  weight do  . 

lodiuu  (metallic),  gross  weight do  . 

Iron: 

Manufscturos  of,  tinned  iron,  steel  and  tin  not  spe- 
cified, gross  weight do  . 

Pieces  of,  that  are  partly  made  with  machinery,  of 
many  forms,  and  are  used  in  flouring  mills,  &c., 

jl^ross  weight do  . 

Tinned.    (Seo  Iron,  manufactnres  of.  No.  527.) 

Grooved,  for  roofs,  gross  woljjht do  . 

Of  all  qnaliries.  in  bulk,  round  bars,  and  pieces  not 
wrou}(ht,  as  well  as  pieces  of  heavy  iron  used  in 

flouring  and  ot  tier  mills.     (See  Na  528) ..do. 

In  P>us»  gross  weight  — do  . 

Wn)U«:ht,  for  plowshares,  balconies,  or  blinds   and 

windows,  gross  weight do. 

Rolled,  beaten,  prepared  for  hoops,  nails,  and  ouier  i 

purposes,  gross  weight ..do  . 

Oxide  of, gross  weight |..do  . 

Ivory: 

In  bulk  and  in  sheets,  gross  weight do  . 

(See  Amber,  No.  15.) 
Jackets : 

Of  cotton,  white  or  colored,  plain  or  shaggy doeen 

Wool  netting,  for  men do 

Wool  net  t  Ing,  for  bo v s do 

Jet.    (See  Amber,  ^To.  15.) 

Jewels  of  gold  or  silver,  or  of  both  materials,  with  or 
without  pearls  or  precious  stones,  and  eye-glasses, 

mounted  in  gold  or  silver ;  upon  invoice  value 

Jugs,  jars,  or  pitchers  of  alabaster.  (See  Alabaster,  Na  8.) 

Same,  of  marble.    (See  Marble,  No.  590.) 

Keys: 

(See  Plates,  No.  741.) 

Of  watches  of  all  sizes  that  are  not  of  silver  or  gold, 

gross  weight kilo. 

Of  iron,  brass,  copper,  or  plaque,  for  coaches,  gross  ! 

do 
do 


PJ 


weight 

For  piano,  gross  weight 

Kidsklns.     (See  Skins,  No.  855.) 
Kirscb-waaser.    (See  Kum,  Nos.  792  and  798). 


d  ® 

H 


S 


o 


13 


10  20 
20 


1  15 


20 


10 

10 
20 

20 


48 
86 

10 
20 

12 
18 


125 
20 

19 

1  15 
20 

8  00 

2  00 

24 

06 
08 


06 
00^ 

20 

10 
50 

19 


8  00 

12  00 

600 


67 

20 
20 


8 


$0  50 
60 


1  00 
50 


60 

60 
60 

60 


75 
75 

50 
50 
50 
50 


1  00 

50 

50 

76 
50 

75 

50 

60 

50 
50 


50 
50 

50 

50 
75 

60 


1  00 
1  00 
100 


1  00 


60 

60 
60 


1784  COKGI — A  P- 


-20 


306 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Duliahle  imports — Continued. 


Numbera. 


651  [363] 

652  [363 
553  1364^ 
654  [647 


655  [650] 


556 
557 


[IS}] 


558  [402] 
659  [403] 


560  [403] 
561 


562 
563 
^S4 
565 
666 


440 
441 
546 
458 
162 


567  1430 

568  [509 

569  [613 


570 

[728] 

671 

76 

572 

545 

573 

740 

574 

116 

675 

524 

676 

732 

677 

555 

678  [556] 


670 
680 


[584] 
[599] 


681  [657] 
[765] 


582 


683  [674] 


684  [575] 
585  [576] 


686  [577] 

687  [679] 

688  [578] 
«9  [462] 


Articles. 


Knives  and  forks: 

With  handle  of  shell,  or  plated,  or  ^Ided  metal, 

.  ^grosa  weight 

with  ivory  handles,  gross  ■weight 

With  wood,  boue.hom  or  iron  handles,  gross  weight 
Knives,  common,  used  by  porters  for  unpacking  goods, 

gross  weight 

Knives  aud  penknives : 

With  shell,  ivory,  tortoise-shell,  or  gilded,  or  plated 

metal  handles,  gross  weight 

With  iron,  bone,  wood,  or  horn  handles,  gross  weight. 
Lace,  bed,  white  or  colored,  of  cotton  or  wool,  including 
in  the  weight  that  of  the  pastel)oard  boxes  which 
contain  them,  and,  in  case  of  coming  loose,  the  board 

or  card  on  which  they  are  wrapped,  net  weight 

Laces: 

Of  cotton,  including  in  the  weight  the  boxes  in  which 
they  come,  and  the  cards  on  which  they  are 

wrapped,  net  weight 

Of  linen,  including  in  the  weight  the  boxes  that 
contain  them  and'  the  cards  on  which  they  are 

wrapped,  net  weight 

Of  silk.  (See  Blondes,  Nos.  97  and  98.) 
Lamps.  (See  Chandeliers,  Nos.  218  to  221.) 
Lamps  and  lanterns : 

Of  tin  and  iron,  gross  weight 

Of  brass  and  copper,  gross  weight 

Lamps  (hydroplatiniecu),  gross  weight 

Lancets,  for  bleeding  animals,  gross  weight 

Landau.    (See  Carriages,  No.  198). 
Lanterns: 

For  coaches,  gross  weight 

According  to  class.    (See  Lamps,  Nos.  562  and  563.) 
Lard  of  pork,  net  weight ;  including  in  this  that  of  the 

inner  package 

Latch-keys,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Lavender,  gross  weight 

Lead,  sheets  of,  gross  weight 

Lead,  in  bulk  and  pigs,  gross  weight 


Leather,  manufacture^  of,  not  specified,  gross  weight. 


Leaves,  of  medicinal  plants,  gross  weigh 
Leggings,  for  fencing.    (See  gloves,  No.  441.) 
Lenses,  ordinary,  minifying,  of  one  glass,  in  boxes  of 
pasteboard,  known  as  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3,  gross  weight. 
Lenses  and  counting  glasses,  not  monntea  in  silver  or 

gold,  gross  weight 

Linen  (see  Goods) : 

In  its  crude,  unwoven,  and  unbleached  state,  gross 

weight 

Fine.    (See  Cambric,  No!  160.) 
Net  of,  net  weighty  including  in  the  weight  that  of 
the  wrappers  in  which  they  come  ana  the  tmxes 

that  contain  them 

Linen  goods  and  textures  of  hemp,  tow,  or  of  hemp-tow 
or  herb-tow,  plain,  white,  crude,  prownish,  or  of 
colors  up  to  8  threads  of  web,  warp  and  woof  in  a 

square  of  one  half  centimeter 

Same,  of  more  than  8  and  up  to  12  threads  of,  &e  ... 
Same,  of  more  than  12  and  up  to  30  threads  of,  &c.. 
Note.— When  in  the  examination  of  goods  compre- 
hended in  this  number  there  are  found  in  some  parts  of 
the  same  piece  31  or  32  threads,  and  in  other  parts  of 
30  or  less,  nhowing  in  a  majoritv  of  the  examinations 
the  30  threads  manifested,  or  a  less  number,  they  will 
be  quoted  with  the  terms  of  this  number. 
Linen  goods  and  textures,  of  hemp,  hemp-tow,  or  herb- 
tow,  plain,  white,  or  colored,  of  more  than  30  threads 
of  web  and  woof  in  a  square  of  one-half  centimeter, 

with  the  exception  of  cambric  or  batiste 

Linen,  or  hemp  goods  or  textures,  bleached  unbleached, 

or  colored,  embroidered  or  open  worked 

Same,  white,  crude,  or  colored,  worke  dserge-like, 

damask  like  or  plush-like 

Linings  of  silk,  sewed  and  in  patterns,  for  umbrellas, 
shades,  and  parasols,  net  weight 


t 


as 


^ 


kilo. 
..do. 
..do. 


.do 


.do 
.do 


do 


do 


do 


do 
do 
do 
do 


do 


.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
do 
do 


..do 


do 


.do 


do 


H 

S  o 

« 

P4 


V3 

I 

CO 


sq.  m. 
..do.. 
..do .. 


.do 
do 
.do 


kilo. 


$1  15 
86 
19 

10 


1  15 
19 


148 

600 
860 


10 
29 
29 
4S 


s 

a 
P 


18 
29 
06 
06 
06 
86 
20 


29 

1  16 

07 
850 


11 
12 
16 


22 

84 

22 

14  84 


10  75 
76 
60 

60 


75 
50 


100 


100 


108 


59 

5e 

50 
69 


50 


60 
60 
50 
60 
50 
76 
60 


60 

1  00 

50 
1  00 


1  00 
1  00 
1  00 


100 
lOO 
1  00 
lOO 


*  1  meter  equals  89.37  inohet. 


TAEIFPS   OP   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


307 


Dutiable  imports — CoDtinaed. 


Nmnbars. 


500  [463J 

501  (36] 

502  [560 

593  (305 

594  1600 

505  f623; 

506  [438] 

507  [615] 

508  [621] 
500  [622] 


600 

[264] 

601 

265 

602 

266 

093 

46«] 

004 
605 
606  [327J 


426 

427 


607  [631 i 


606  [267] 


000 
610 
611 


612 
613 
614 


[268] 
6S!6J 
183J 


121 
543 
544 


615  [262] 

616  [6341 

617  lUOj 


618 
619 
620 
621 
622 


4ir 

633 
(KJ3 
836 
61)6 


623  [82] 

624  1 831 

625  [841 

626  [865] 


027 
628 
620 


6371 
6381 
529] 


•620  [211] 
630  [85] 

681  [630] 

[316] 


r817j 
[762] 


Articles. 


e 


p  . 

ss 

« 


^ 


LininfpB  and  foandAtions  for  bats,  of  whatever  material, 

net  weight 

Liquors : 

Spirituoos.  idade  fh>m  cane  or  other  material,  not 
specified  in  yesscls  of  wood  without  allowance  for 

leakage,  net  weight 

Sweet      See  Cordials  Ko.265.) 
Locks.    (See  Plates,  No.  741.) 
Lotteries.    (See  Games.  Nos.  4?4  and  425  ) 
Mallets  of  iion.    (See  Sledge  bammets,  No.  802.) 
Mantles: 

Head  covering,  of  linen,  cotton,  or  wool.    (See  Caps, 

No  183  ) 
(MantUlas)  of  silk  blonde,  inclndine  tbebox  in  which 
they^  come,  even  when  such  is  or  fine  qualities — 
Marble : 

Manufactured,  in  blocks,  polished  or  unpolished,  for 

furniture,  press  weight 

Manufactnred,  in  jars,  and  in  all  other  class  of  woiks 

except  those  sp<;cifle(l,  gross  weight 

Masks : 

Of  wire,  or  face-covers 

All  kinds,  except  of  wire - ■ 

Fencing 

Matches,  of  wood  or  wax,  and  igniting  cotton  cord,  or 

pasteboard,  net  weight 

Mats: 

Of  hemp  or  cocoa,  gross  weight 

From  China,  gross  weicht 

Matti esses  and  pillows  of  all  classes  and  materials; 

upon  appi'aised  valao 

Measures  of  length  and  capacity,  all  classes  and  mate- 

lials,  gross  weight 

Meats: 

Preserved  of  all  classes,  ih  Jaice  or  dr^  (not  in- 
cluding extract  of  meat), net  weight;  including 

in  this  the  weight  of  the  inner  wi-apper 

Smoked  or  salted,  net  weight 

MMals.    (See  Crosses,  No.  317.) 

Medicine  chests,  with  bottles  empty  or  filled,  gross 

weight 

MetJ: 

Gilded,  manufacturers  of,  not  specified,  grosi  weight 
Sheets  of  composition,  for  vessels,  gross  weight  — 
Plates  or  Sheets  of,  excepting  those  specified;  gn>ss 

weight    

Tops  for  corks  of  bottles,  gross  weight 

Mills  for  grinding  eoffeo  and  paints,  gross  weight 

Mirrors,  with  or  withont  frames,  having  more  than  30 
centimeters  on  one  of  its  sides,  even  when  the  others 
are  less,  without  allowance  for  bieakage.  gross  weight. 

Same,  up  to  HO  centimeters  on  each  side,  without,  &c 

Molasses  and  honey.  groHs  wiight 

Molding  of  wood.    (See  Frames,  No.  4G2.) 

Morocco  leather.    (See  Skins,  No.  885.) 

Morphine  and  its  suits,  not  weight ;  'including  in  this 

the  weight  of  the  inner  package 

Mortars: 

Of  composition,  porcelain,  marble,  or  porphyry,  gross 
weignt  ..-;.. 

Of  iron,  gross  weight 

Of  brass  or  copper,  gross  weight 

Glass,  for  pharmacy.    (See  Drags,  No.  352.) 
Mosaic  work : 

Of  stone,  for  pavements,  gross  weight 

Of  wood,  for,  6lc 

Musical  insiruments  of  all  classes,  not  specified,  gross 

weight 

Music  boxes,  gross  weight 

Musk,  net  weight,  including  in  this  the  weight  of  the 

inner  wrapper 

Mustard,  in  powder,  or  prepared  in  sauce,  gross  weight 
Nails  and  tacks: 

Of  copper,  zinc,  brass,  or  iron,  with  glass,  brass,  or 

porcMain  head,  gross  weight    

Ofiron  of  all  sizes,  gross  weight 

Of  aU  sizes.    (See  Nails,  Nos.  632  and  638.) 


do 


do 


each 


kilo, 
.do. 


each 

do. 

-do. 


kilo. 


de 
do 


kilo. 


do 
do 


.do 

.do 
do 

do 
do 
do 


.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 


.do 

.do 

do 


do 
.do 

do 
do 


.do 
.do 


do 
.do 


*3  > 


9 
O 

o 
> 


55 


I 

QQ 


$1  25 


S       83 


35  20 

88 

48 

40 
20 
50 

1  14 

12 
25 


29 


72 
24 


40 

1  15 
14 

20 
29 
10 


43 
19 
07 


10  00 


12 
10 
19 


05 
10 

43 
43 

10 
46 


IS 


s  - 


1 


$1  W^ 


5<^ 


1  09 

50 

50 

75 
50 

75 

1  OO 

50 
50' 

50* 

50 


59 
50 


59 

1  00 
50- 

50- 
SO- 
SO 


69 

50 
60 


1  OO 


50 
50 
50 


60 
50 

50 
75 

1  00 
50 


60 


308 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Dutiable  imports — Continaed. 


If  umbers. 


886 

630  [820] 

687     [80] 


688 
680 
^S30 
«40 
641 


[620] 
[786] 

642  [652] 

[^1 


648 
656 

646 


«46 
■647 


[«1 

Pal 

•648      [0] 
«40    [10] 


•660 

rio] 

-651 

10 

«52 

[i04 

«53 

524 

•654 

[864] 

•655 
^656 

•657 
€58 
«59 
660 

«6L 
4)62 

t663 
«64 


665     [25] 


666  [662] 


[121 

658] 
296] 
6581 
659] 


•em 


668    661 


669 


660 


524 


•670  [255; 
<r71  [100] 


<672 
•673 
«74 


.*24. 

f735l 

328 


e76  [124] 


676 
677 

678 
679 
680 


\^] 


690 
601 


681  [002] 

682  [003] 


Articles. 


Nsphths.    (See  Tarpentine,  No.  1041.) 

Necklaces  of  metal.    (See  Rings,  Nos.  775  and  776.) 

Needles: 

From  No.  zero  to  five  seros,  for  sewing,  crochet, 
book-binding,  netting,  canvas,  and  others  not  ex- 
ceeding 6  centimeters  in  length,  gross  weight . . . 

Packing,  of  all  sizes,  gross  weight 

Sewing,  np  to  5  centimeters,  gross  weight , 

Nickel-plated  metal,  manufactares  of,  gross  weight — 

Night  lights,  all  kinds,  gross  weight 

Nippers,  for  sugar,  that  are  not  of  gold  or  silver,  gross 

weight 

Nitraie  of  silver,  net  weight;  indading  in  this  the 

weight  of  the  inner  wrapper 

NomMrs  for  manking,  gross  weight 

Nnt-crackers,  not  gilded  or  platcMl,  gross  weight 

Oil: 

Olive,  in  Jags  or  tin  cans,  without  allowance  for 

leakage  or  breakage,  net  weight 

Olive,  m  bottles  or  vessels  of  glass,  witheat,  &o  . . . 
Whale,  net  weight,  including  In  this  that  of  the  in- 
ner covering 

Fixed,  excepting  olive,  elsewhere  ouoted,  net  weight, 
including  in  this  the  weight  of  too  inner  wranper 
Volatile  or  essentials,  of  all  sal)Atancc8  except  those 
quoted,  net  weight;  including  in  this  the  weight 

of  the  inner  package 

Perfamed.    (See  Perfumery,  No.  713.) 
CoaL    (See  Petroleum,  No.  715.) 
Oil-cloths  and  oil-skins  for  tables  and  floors,  net  weight. 
Oil  skins.    (See  Oilcloths,  No.  652.) 
Ointments,  medicinal.  (See  Pomades,  medicinal,  No. 748.) 
Olives: 

In  brine  orpickl\  net  weight -. 

Prepared  or  in  oil,  not  weight,  including  the  weight 

of  the  bottles  that  contam  them 

Omnibuses,  of  all  classes  and  dimensions *. 

Onions,  fresh,  gross  weiprht 

Opiates  for  the  teeth.    (See  Perfumery,  No.  713.) 

Opium,  gross  weight 

Ornaments: 

Of  brass,  stamped  or  hollow,  gross  weight 

Of  iron,  brass,  copper,  or  plaque,  for  coaches,  gross 

weight 

Of  straw,  not  specified,  net  weight 

For  the  head  and  headdress,  not  of  silk,  upon  ap- 
praised value 

Same,  of  silk,  though  they  may  have  mixture  of 
other  materials,  net  weight;  including  in  tills 

tliat  of  the  boxes  that  contain  them 

Same,  for  sacred  vestments  of  all  classes  and  ma- 
terials, upon  appraised  value 

Organs: 

Chamber,  portable  for  hand,  gross  weight 

All  classes,  gross  weight — 

Ovens,  of  iron.    (See  Firo  grates,  Nos.  383  and  384.) 
Padlocks,  of  iron  or  brsss,  and  their  loose  keys,  gross 

weiffht 

Paint  Drushes  and  camel  hair  brushes  of  all  classes  and 

for  all  uses,  gross  weight 

Paintings.  (See  Prints,  No.  760.) 
Paintings.  (See  Prints,  No.  760.) 
Paints  and  colors,  prepiared,  net  weight;  indnding  in 

this  that  of  the  inner  wrapper 

Paper  or  pasteboMd,  manufactures  of^  gross  weight. . . . 
Paper: 

Straw,  gross  weight 

MarblecL  glossed,  andcolored  for  book-binders,  gross 

weight 

Silk,  white  or  colored,  gross  weight 

For  stamping  crockery,  gross  weight 

For  impressions,  sized  on  one  sme  or  not,  gross 

weight 

Very  and  moderately  white  snd  fine,  ruled  or  not, 

including  that  used  for  cigarettes,  gross  weight. 

White  or  colored  for  accounts  and  letters,  ruled  or 

not,  and  with  or  without  gUt  edges,  gross  weight 


kUo. 
.do. 
..do. 
.do. 
.do. 


do 

.do 
do 
do 


do 
do 

do 


.^o 


.do 


..do 


.do 


..do. 
each. 
kUo. 


.do 

do 

do 
.do 


kilo. 


.do 
do 


.do 
db 


.do 
do 

.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 

do 

.do 

.do 


a 


ss 


a 

o 


9> 

OQ 


65 


66 


$0  43 
20 
86 
66 
20 

10  50 
50 
75 
76 
50 

67 

50 

10  00 
20 
48 

100 
50 
50 

14 
10 

50 
SO 

10 

60 

60 

50 

400 

ioo 

20 

50 

00 


10 

200  000 

02 

50 
50 
50 

2  00 

1  00 

20 

60 

20 
48 

60 
76 

1  00 

10  00 

100 

1  00 

48 
48 

50 
60 

20 

60 

20 

50 

16 
48 

60 
75 

07 

60 

17 
10 
17 

50 
60 
60 

10 

60 

20 

60 

48 

M 

s 

t-l 

•as 

H 

p 


50 


I 


TASIFFS   OF  THE   SEVEBAL   C0UNTBIE8. 


309 


DuUable  inipori*— Continaed. 


KvmlMrs. 


884 
«86 


887 


8M 

806 
807 
806 


688  [800] 


680 

[700 

600 

701 

601 

702 

602 

708 

803 

704 

604 

705 

605 

705 

888 

770 

887 

272] 

[278] 
[712] 

700  [713] 

701  [718] 

702  [276] 


768 
704 
706 
706 
707 


724] 

314 

540' 

550 

781 


708  [340] 


700 


710    784 


711 


751] 


735 


712  [723 
718 


[723] 
[724] 


714 

715  [726] 

n8 

717  [438] 

718 

710  [464] 

720  [617] 

721  [727] 

722  [724] 
728  [406] 

724  [782] 

725  [732 

726  185 

727  [783' 

728  [65] 
720  [453] 

730  [737] 


731 
732 


[738] 
[730] 


Artiolea. 


Large  Bristol  paper,  white  or  eolored 

For  walla,  gilt,  sUTerccl,  or  velvet-like,  gross  weight 

For  walls,  Sce,^  colored,  common,  gross  weight 

Albnminixed,  of  all  colors,  gross  weight 

Bngraved  or  lithographed,  for  envelopes  and  tick- 
ets, gross  weight. 

Gildea  or  silvered  surface,  for  ornaments,  gross 
weight 

Music,  roled,  gross  weight. 


Blotting  and  copying,  for  press,  gross  weight 
■      "    )ka 


Oil,  for  copying-books,  gross  weight 

Porcelain,  gross  weight 

Lead,  gross  weight. 

Sand,  gross  weight 

For  making  ^ying  cards.   (See  Pasteboard,  No.  608.) 
Parasols.    (See  Umbrellas,  Nos.  1042  to  1045.) 
Pasteboard,  all  thicknesses,  beaten  or  not,  including 
bristol  board  and  glazed  board  and  all  others  similar 
excepting  what  is  nsed  for  making  cards  (playing), 

gross  weight 

Pasteboard  and  papei  for  making  cards,  upon  appraised 

value..     .  

Pastes,  mineral,  for  razor-strops.     (See  razor  strops. 

No.  760  a.) 
Pastes  and  lozenges,  medicinal,  of  all  substances,  net 
weight,  including  in  this  that  of  the  inner  wrapper. . . 
Pastes  for  refreahmg  and  beautifying  the  skin.    (See 

Perfumery,  No.  713.) 
Patterns  of  pasteboard  for  cards  and  other  uses,  gross 

weight 

Pearls,  imitation  of.    (See  Beads,  Ka  62.) 

Pegs  and  nails  for  interior  of  pianos,  gross  weight 

Pencil-cases  not  o  f  silver,  gross  weight 

Pencils,  lead,  of  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Pen-holders,  all  classes  not  lulver  or  gold  (see  Ko.  506), 

gross  weight 

Penknives,  according  to  class.  (See  knives,  Kos.  665 
and  556.) 

Pens,  of  any  metal  not  silver  or  gold,  gross  weight 

Pepper,  fine  and  ordinary,  net  weight 

Peppers,  large,  in  oil  or  powder,  net  weight,  including 

tne  weight  of  vessels  that  contain  them 

Pepsine,  gross  weight i 

Perfumery,  pomaoM,  cosmetics,  and  perfumed  oil  for 
the  hair ;  powder  and  opiates  for  the  teeth ;  powdera 
and  pastes  for  refreshing  and  beautifying  toe  skin ; 

essences  and  extracts  for  the  toilet,  gross  weight 

Petroleum,  crude.    (See  Turpentine,  No.  1041.) 
Petroleum  and  coal  oil,  without  allowance  for  leakage, 

net  weight 

Pewter.    (See  Solder,  Nos.  005  and  006.) 
Phaetons.    (See  Carriages,  No.  198.) 
Photographs.    (See  Prmts,  No.  760.) 
Photographs  of  all  sizes.    (See  Priifts,  No.  700.) 
Pianos: 

Liside  works  of,  ready  for  mounting.    (See  Pianos, 

No.  721.) 
All  classes ;  also  the  works  put  up  ready  for  mount* 

ing  in  case,  gross  weight 

Iron  or  thin  plates  of  iron  or  brass  for  the  construc- 
tion of,  gross  weight 

Pickles,  in  vinegar  ana  sauces,  net  weight,  including 

weight  of  the  vessels  that  contain  them 

Pieces,  separate,  of  swords.    (See  Swords,  No.  068.) 
Pieces,  separate,  of  syringes.    (See  Syringes,  No.  060.) 
Pillows.    (See  Mattresses,  No.  606.) 
Pills  of  all  substancea  and  manufacturos,  net  weight, 

including  in  this  that  of  the  inner  wrapper 

Pins  and  Imir-pins,  common,  gross  weight 

Pins,  large,  according  to  claiis.  (See  Rings,  Nos.  775  and 

776.) 
Pipes: 

Smoking,  with  ornaments  of  gold  or  silver,  gross 

weight 

Of  wood  or  gypsum,  gross  weight. 

Not  having  omamenu  of  gold  or  silver  and  not  be- 
ing of  wood  or  gypsum,  gross  weight 


kilo. 

.do . 

..do. 

.do. 


.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


do 
.do 


.do 


do 

do 
do 
.do 

do 


.do 
do 

.do 
.do 


do 


.do 


.do 
.do 
.do 


do 
do 


do 
do 

.do 


J 


88 


I 


10  48 
14 
10 
43 

43 

20 
24 
13 
07 
48 
07 
06 


17 
65 

20 

43 

29 

67 
10 

20 


86 
28 

48 
600 


86 
00 


W 


$0  60 
60 

5(^ 
50' 

50* 

50- 
60' 
50> 
50> 
50> 
SO 
5» 


60 
50 

50 

50 

50 
60 
60 

50 


75- 

75- 

50 
1  OO 


7S 
60 


43 

75- 

10 

50 

48 

60 

60 
29 

50 
50 

1  16 
25 

76. 
60 

V^ 


SIO 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Dutiable  importe — ContiDned. 


2f  ambers. 


733  [7391 

734  [38J 


735 

[7411 

786 

742 

737 

122 

738 

445 

739 

8361 

740 

837 

741 

371] 

742 

[646 

743 

751 

744 

763 

745 

1835 

746 

378 

747 

750 

748 

757] 

749  [758] 

750  [759] 

751  [760] 
762  [686] 


53  [754] 

54  [765] 


753 
754 


755  [7551 
706  [755] 

757  [756] 


758 
759 
700 


470 

762 

r418 


761  [484 
702  [485' 
763  [173 


764  [750] 
7C5  [826] 

700  [791] 

767  [771] 

768  [648] 

709  [649] 
769a  [126] 


770 
771 
772 
77a 
774 
775 


349 

704 

794 

14 

43 

92 


776     [93] 


77  r 

78  [ 


777 
7 


103 
104 


77.1 

[105] 

780 

106 

781 

106 

782 

324] 

A  tides. 


Pistols,  according  to  class.    (See  Arms,  Nos.  722  to  724. ) 

Pitch.    (See  Tar,  No.  987.) 

Plaids: 

Of  cassimerc  of  wool - . . 

Not  cassimere  of  wool 

Plaques,  or  plated  metal,  oot  specified,  gross  weight. . . 

Plaqae  and  Get  man  silver  in  sheets,  gross  weight 

Plasters  and  court-plaster,  gross  weight 

Plasters,  veKicatlng,  gross  weight    

Plates  and  locks  oi  iron  or  brass  and  their  keys,  loose, 

gross  weight , 

Playing  cards,  all  classes 

Plumes  for  adornment.    (See  Flowets,  No.  395.) 

Points  for  pencil  cases,  gross  weight 

Points  or  tips  for  billiard  cues,  gro!>s  weight 

Polish  for  shoes.     (See  Blacking,  No.  93.) 

Pomades.    (See  Perfumery,  No.  713.) 

Pomades  and  ointments,  medicinal,  all  substances  and 

manufactures,  gross  weight 

Porcelain.    (See  Crockery,  Nos.  814  to  316.) 
Portemonnaies : 

Of  leather,  with  or  without  bronze,  not  gilded  or 
plated,  gross  weijiht 

Of  ivory,  tortoise-shell,  and  shell  with  or  without 
frame  of  metal  not  of  silver  or  gold,  gross  weight. . 

Potatoes,  gross  weight 

Powder: 

Gun,  for  hunters,  gross  weight 

For  bronzing,  gross  weight 

Tooth.     (See  Perfumery,  713.) 
For  refreshing  and  beautifying  the  skin.    (See  Per- 
fumery, No.  713.) 
Medicinal  of  all  substances  and  manufactures,  net 
weight,  including  in  this  the  weight  of  the  inner 

package 

Preserved  fruits.     (See  Confections,  No.  262.) 

Presses  of  Iron  for  copying  le  Iters,  gross  weight 

Prints,  paintings,  engravings,  and  photographs  of  all 

sizes  with  or  without  frames,  gross  weigbt 

Pulleys,  wheel-works,  and  pulleys  of  iron,  gross  weight 

Same,  of  brass,  &c 

Pursesof  all  classes,  even  such  as  are  of  silk,  for  money, 
with  tassels  and  rings,  loose  or  fixed  or  loose  and  not 

of  gold  or  silver,  gross  weight 

Quills,  writing 

(jniniue,  sulphate  of,  net  weighty  including  in  this  the 

weight  of  the  inner  package 

Railing  for  balconies  and  windows.    (See  Iron,  wrought, 

No.  633.) 
Kappee.    (See  Snuff,  No.  899.) 
Razors,  with  handles  of  bom,  bone  or  wood,  with  or 

without  cases,  gross  weight 

Razors  with  handles  of  ivory,  shell,  tortoise  shell,  with 

or  without  cases,  gross  weight 

Razor-strops,  all  kinds,  for  razors,  and  paste  for  same, 

gross  weight 

Reps,  of  wool.    (See  Woolen  goods.  No.  1116.) 
Reps,  of  wool,  fine.    (See  Woolen  goods.  No.  1117.) 
Resins.    (See  Gums,  No.  465.) 

Rice,  gross  weight 

Rings  and  fixtures  for  poles  of  coaches,  gross  weight  . . . 

Rings,  finger  and  ear,  breast-pins,  necklaces,  largo  pins 

of  ordinary  metal,  that  is,  without  {zilding,  plating,  or 

false  stones,  gross  weight  

Same,  of  metal,  gilded  or  plated,  with  or  without  false 

stones,  gross  weight 

Rings : 

Of  metal.    (See  Rings,  Nos.  775  and  776.) 

For  harnesses,  key-rings,  &c.,  of  iron  or  steel,  gross 

weight 

For  curtains,  &c.,  of  brass,  gross  weigbt 

With  screws,  gross  weight  

For  money  pui-ses.    (S«>e  Purses,  No.  7(33.) 
Rockets  and  tire-crackers,  Chinese,  gross  weight 


ea 

9 


^ 


sq.  m 

kUo!! 
.do., 
.do., 
.do.. 


..do., 
gross 


kilo, 
.do. 


do 


.do 

.do 
.do 

do 
do 


.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

do 


do 
M  . 


kilo 

..do. 

do  . 

..do. 


do 
.do 


do 
do 


do 

do 

.do 

.do 


"-a 

a  9 
«o 

P4 


s 
•a 
o 

1 

OQ 


$1  40 
57 
86 
29 
75 
1  00 

29 
12  00 

57 
43 


70 


86 
02 

1  00 
1  15 


30 

19 

67 
19 
29 


86 
2  20 

03 


29 
86 
43 


07 
19 


86 
1  15 


19 
29 
20 

62 


s 

§8 


$1  00 
1  00 
75 
50 
50 
50 

50 
50 

75 
60 


50 


SO 

50 
50 

75 

75 


60 

50 

75 
50 
50 


75 
SO 

1  00 


50 
76 
75 


50 
60 


75 
100 


50 
60 
60 

bO 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


311 


JJutUibU  ifliport*— Continiied. 


KnnibMV. 


783  [771 

784  [337 

785  [800 


786 
787 


[4871 
[525] 

788  [520] 


789 

[527 

790 

528 

791 

837 

792 

29] 

793  [  30] 

794  1260] 


795 

3491 

796 

803 

797 

52 

798 

215 

799 

128 

800 

803 

^1 

806 

802 

807 

803 

[804] 

804 
«05 
806 

son 


804 
804 
804 
805 


808  [597 
S09  815 
mo    393 

811  807 

812  200 

813  383 
«14 

815  [807] 

sie 
sn 

«18  [104] 
819  [195J 

■820  [196] 


821 
S'22 
S'23 

824 
^5 


196 
197 
849 

850 
851 
486 


827 

[762] 

828 

W 

829 

861 

830 

414 

S31 

820] 

832  [671] 


^3 
834 
835 


672 
673 
074 


836  [675] 


Articles. 


Boots,  medicinal,  groaa  weij^ht 

Kope,  all  kinds,  of  cotton,  linen,  or  hemp,  net  weight . . 

Rosaries.    (See  Beads,  No.  65.) 

Bnbber: 

For  erasing,  gross  weight 

In  blocks  and  pieces,  except  snch  as  comes  with 

machinery,  gross  weight 
In  pieces,  for  billiard  tables  and  sheeting,  gross 

weight 

Shoes  and  boots,  all  forms  and  sizes,  gross  weight.. 

Pieces  of  dress,  all  forms  and  sizes,  gross  weijeht. . . 

Bags,  of  pnre  hemp  or  tow.    (See  Carpets,  ^o.  189.) 

Bom,  arrack,  and  kirschwasser.  in  earthen  Jags,  bot*  ^ 

ties,  and  dem^ohns,  without  allowance  for  breakage  > 

or  leakage,  net  weight  3 

Same,  in  casks,  witbont  allowance  for  leakage,  &o . 

Sacking.    (See  Linen,  "So.  583.) 
Sacks: 

Unmade.    (See  Bags,  No.  31.) 

Beady-made.    (See  Bags,  No.  81.) 

Saddles,  all  classes,  upon  appraised  value 

Safes  and  cofl'ers,  of  iron,  for  money,  gross  weight 

Saffron,  dry  or  in  oil,  net  weight 

Sago,  pEdm.    (See  Starch,  No.  930.) 

Salaoine,  a  salt  gross  weight 

Salmon.    (See  Tunny,  No.  1040.) 

Salt  common,  for  table  use,  gross  weight 

Salts: 

Of  atropia.    (See  Ati'opia,  No.  26.) 

Of  strychnine.    (See  Strychnine,  No.  960.) 
.    Of  morphine.    (See  Morphine,  No.  622.) 
Salts  and  sulphates  of,  all  substances,  not  otherwise 
stated,  net  weight,  includintr  in  this  the  weight  of  the 
inner  wrapper. 
Sand,  fine,  of  glass.    (See  Paper,  No.  694.) 
Sardines.    (See  Tunny,  No.  IMO.) 
Sarsaparilla.    (See  EMences,  No.  366.) 
Sauces,  compounded.    (See  Pickles,  No.  723.) 

Sausages,  in  any  case  or  package,  net  weight 

Sausage,  all  kinds,  in  any  case  or  package,  net  weight. 
Sausages.    (See  Hams,  1^0.479.) 

Sausages,  larse  and  small,  in  any  sort  of  covering,  net 
weight,  including  in  this  that  of  the  inner  wrapper. 
Scales.    (See  Balances,  No.  39.) 
Scarfs.    (See  Blouses,  No.  99.) 
Scarfs: 

Of  cotton  and  other  analogous  material 

Of  wool,  plain  or  stamped,  and  other  analogous,  ma- 
terial. 

Of  woolen  yam,  twilled,  plush-like,  or  shaggy,  vel- 
vet-like, and  other  analogous  texture. 

Of  wool  and  cotton.    (See  CkKxis,  Na  455.) 

Of  silk,  net  weight 

Scissors,  wrought,  less  than.  14  centimeters  long,  gross 
weight 

Same,  more  than  14  centimeters,  &o 

Same,  stamped  out  all  sizes,  gross  weight '. . . 

Screw-jacks,  iron,  gross  weight 

Screws: 

Used  for  wire  in  pianos.    (See  Pegs,  No.  704.) 

Iron,  all  sizes,  with  or  without  nuts,  gross  weight.. 

Brass,  all  sizes,  &o ^ 

Seafoam.    (See  Amber,  No.  15.) 

Seeds,  medicinal,  gross  weight 

Shawls: 

Long  and  square,  any  class,  of  cotton,  not  including 
in  the  measure  the  fringe. 

Wool,  all  colors,  plain,  twilled  or  worked,  not,  ice.. 

Embroidered,  in  the  same  material,  not,  Sco , 

Silk,  with  or  without  fringe,  even  when  their  bor- 
ders are  of  other  material,  not  fine  metal,  net 
weight 

Silk,  net,  aU  ctasses,  net  weight 


s 

p    • 

{I 

IS 


^ 


kilo. 
..do  . 


.do 
.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


.do  . 
.do. 
.do. 


.do 
.do 


..do 


.do 
.do 

do 


a 
I 


65 


sq.  m.* 
.do  ... 


kUb. 
..do  . 


.do 

do 

.do 


..do 
.do 


.do 


sq.  m. 


..do  . 
..do. 
kilo. 


.do 


0 

! 

09 


$0  20 
2  00 


20 
10 

48 

48 
143 


67J 
125 
48} 
105 


19 
882 

200 

OS 


15 


24 
24 

24 


17 
23 

20 


14  84 
86 

29 
10 
10 


19 
29 

20 

16 

88 

50 

14  84 

28  68 


$0  50 
100 


50 
60 


60 

50 
76 


60 

60 


60 

50 

1  00 

60 

60 


60 


60 
60 

60 


100 
100 

1  00 


1  00 
60 

60 
60 
60 


60 
60 

50 

1  00 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

1  00 


*  1  meter  equals  89.37  inches. 


312 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


DuUdble  ifiipoW«-— Continued. 


Numbers. 


887  f776] 


888  L776] 


839 

[777] 

840 

778 

841 

779 

842 

780 

843 

781 

844 

782 

846 

[783] 

846  [784] 

847  [786] 

848  [786] 

849  [787] 

850  [788] 
861  [789] 

852  [700] 

853  [79]] 

854  [542] 
856 


856 
85' 


6  [287] 

7  [238] 


858  [230] 
659  [240] 

860  [244] 


861 
862 
863 
864 
865 


245 
246 
247 
248 
416 


866  [889] 

867  [890] 

868  [891] 
860  [892] 
870  [893] 


871  [646] 
[388] 


872 


873  [297] 

874  [680] 


876  [581] 


876  [584] 


Articles. 


ShawU— CoDtiniied. 

Bebozoe,  a  kind  of  tcarf  for  the  head  and  shoulders, 
pecnliar  to  the  coontry,  of  cotton,  stamped,  mar* 
Died,  striped,  with  flffnres  or  imitation  figures,  np 
to  26  threads  of  weu  and  woof  in  a  square  of  | 

centimeter sq. 

Same,  of  cotton,  &o.,  of  more  than  26  and  up  to  38 

threads  of,  ^ito do 

Same,  from  38  to  64  threads  of,  &o do 

Same,  of  wool,  Sec,  up  to  26  threads  of  web,  Ste do 

Same,  of  wool,  &c.,  from  26  to  88  threads  of,  Ax do 

Same,  of  linen.  Sec.,  up  to  26  thrvads  of,  dtc do 

Same,  of  linen,  &o.,  from  26  to  38  threads  of,  &e do 

Same,  of  linen,  &c.,  from  88  to  64  threads  of,  ice do 

Same,  of  silk,  &c.,  up  to  26  threads  ot  &c.,  net 

weight kilo. 

Same,  of  silk,  dec,  from  26  to  38  threads  of,  &e.,  net 

weight do 

Same,  of  silk,  &c.,  from  38  to  64  threads  of.  Sec,  net 

weight do 

Same,  of  linen  and  cotton,  in  any  proportion,  up  to 

26  threads  of,  &o sq.m/ 

Same,  of  linen  and  cotton.  Sec,  from  26  to  38  threads 

of,&o  : do 

Same,  of  linen  and  cotton,  Sec,  from  38  to  64  threads 

of,  See do 

Same,  of  silk,  with  a  mixture  of  cotton,  linen,  or 
wool,  in  any  proportion,  up  to  26  threads  ot  Sec, 

net  weight kilo. 

Same,  of  silk,  with.  Sec,  from  26  to  38  threads  of, 

&.C. ,  net  weight do 

Same,  of  silk,  with,  Ac,  from  38  to  64  threads  of, 

net  weight do 

Sheets  of  solder  or  pewter.    (See  Solder,  Xa  906.) 
Shell.    (See  Amber,  No.  15. ) 
Shirts,  cotton,  white  and  colored: 

For  men doz 

Forboys do 

Shirts,  cotton,  plain  or  embroidered,  with  bosoms,  col- 
lars, and  cnfid  of  linen : 

For  men 

Forboje 

Shirts: 

Outer,  of  wool,  with  or  without  adornments  of  silk 

or  other  materials 

Linen,  plain,  white  or  colored,  for  men 

Of  linen,  plain,  white  or  colored,  for  boys 

Of  linen,  embroidered,  for  men 

Same,  for  boys 

Shoe-pegs,  for  boots  and  shoes  and  other  uses,  gross 

weight kilo. 

Shoes: 

Low,  of  skin  or  material  not  silk,  for  ladies,  and  ex 

ceeding  18 1  centimeters  of  sole doz 

Leather,  all  classes,  for  men,  and  exceeding  18  oen 

timeters  of  sole do 

Leather  or  cloth  that  is  not  silk,  low,  for  children, . 

up  to  18  centimeters  of  sole do 

Silk,  with  or  without  ornaments,  not  exceeding  18 

centimeters  of  sole do 

Silk,  for  ladies,  with  or  without  ornaments,  and  ex- 
ceeding 18  centimeters  of  sole 

Shot,  of  lead,  gross  weight 

Shuttles,  tattmg,  and  tonus  for  winding  of  whatever 

materia],  not  gold  or  silver,  gross  weight 

Sieves  and  strainers,  of  wire,  gross  weight 

Silk,  all  manufactures  of,  pui'e,  of  whatever  class  or  de- 
nominations, with  the  exception  of  those  specified, 

even  having  a  mixture  of  metal,  not  gold  or  silver do 

Silk,  Koods  and  textures  of,  including  ribbons,  sashes, 
hanakerchiefs,  kerchiefs,  and  other  analogous  materi- 
als having  only  on  the  border  or  edge  a  mixture  of 
other  material,  will  pay  the  quota  corresponding  to 

puresilk     do 

Silk.    (See  Goods.)...  

*  One  meter  equals  39.37  inches.  t  Centimeter  equals  .3987  of  an 


do 
do 


.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


.do. 
kilo. 

..do. 
..do. 


o 

a 

I 


91  06 

1  86 
438 
127 
1  86 
1  75 
263 
650 

15  00 

20  00 

81  00 

1  60 

2  19 
8  76 

843 
12  32 
20  75 


4  00 

2  00 


7  00 

8  50 


900 
15  00 

8  00 
24  00 
12  00 

10 


5  60 

7  00 

600 

7  00 

10  00 
06 

86 
19 

14  84 


14  84 
inch. 


U3  3 

IE 

o  5 


$1  09 

1  09 
1  00 
1  00 

1  oa 

1  09 
1  00 

1  oo 
1  oo 

1  09 
1  09 
1  09 
109 
1  09 

1  OO 
1  09 
1  09 


1  09 
1  00 


1  09 
1  99 


1  99 
1  99 
1  90 
1  00 
1  00 

60 


75 
1  00 

76 

1  00 

1  00 
60 

76 
60 

1  00 


lOO 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEYESAL  COUNTBIES. 


31$ 


DuHahle  importa — Contmned. 


^TvinberB. 


877  [616] 

878  1766] 


879  [817 
680  818 
881    819 


l?J?l 


884  [748] 
886  [161] 


[782] 


3981 

399 

400 

401, 

740] 


887 
888 

889 
880 
801 


892  [608] 

893  [175] 

894  [132] 

895  [133] 

896  [134] 


897 
898 


[743] 


899  [829] 


900  [387] 


901 
902 
903 
904 

905 
906 


530, 
53l1 
291 
821 

[SI 


907  [  95] 


908 
909 
010 

on 

912 

913  [357] 


95] 
412 
409 
r412 


914  [358] 

915  [359] 

916  [360] 

917  [361] 

918  [413] 

919  [414] 
920 


921 
922 
923 


924  653 


641 
642 
643 


Articles. 


Silk: 

Kano&eturea  and  fiftbric«  of,  not  tpeciflod,  net 

weisht 

Net  01  tulle,  plain  or  embroidered,  net  weight;  in- 
cladinK  in  this  that  of  the  boxes  in  wliich  they 

come  and  the  wrappers  aroond  them 

Baw,  net  weight 

Twisted,  net  weight 

Floss,  all  classes  and  colors,  net  weight ■ 

surer: 

False,  beaten  in  leaf^  gross  weight 

Wrought  in  all  classes  of  pieces,  of  this  metal  only, 

net  weight 

With  alloy  of  gold,  net  weight 

Skins,  calf,  tanned  and  dressed,  patent  leather,  kid 
skins,  morocco  leather,  and  all  classes  of  prepared 

skins  and  leathers,  net  weight 

Skins  or  fors,  manoiactares  of,  as  moffo,  tippets,  &c., 

net  weight 

Skirto: 

Cotton,  unmade,  embroidered 

Same,  plain 

Wool,  of  all  classes 

Linen,  unmade,  with  or  without  embroidery 

Slates  and  slate  pencils,  and  imitation  in  pasteboard, 
iron,  brass,  porcelain,  with  or  without  frames,  gross 

weigfit 

Sledge^hammers  or  mallets  of  iron  or  steel,  gross 

weight 

Slipper  patterns,  Sec,  wool,  invoice  value 

Slippers : 

All  kinds,  in  pattern  that  have  a  mixture  of  silk  or 

metal,  net  welpbt 

In  patt^-ms  of  silk,  with  or  without  a  mixture  of 

metal,  net  weight 

Any  material  other  thui  silk  or  metal^  and  that  ex- 
ceed 18  centimeters  of  sole 

Sam4>,  not  exceeding  18  cents.  Sec  

Smoothing-irons  for  laundresses,  hatmakers,  and  shoe« 

makers,  gross  weight 

Snuff  or  rappee,  net  weight;  including  in  this  the 
weight  of  the  flJEiskB  or  bottles  In  which  it  comes,  with- 
out allowance  for  leakage  or  breakage 

Snuffers  and  trays  of  steel,  iron,  or  brass,  gross  weight. 
Soap: 

Common,  not  perfumed,  gross  weight 

Fine,  with  or  without  perfume,  gross  weight 

Sockets  for  end  of  canes.    (See  Handles,  No.  492.) 

Soda,  caustic,  gross  weight 

Solder  or  pewter: 

In  bars,  gross  weight 

In  sheets  or  leaves,  all  thicknesses,  gross  weight. . . 
Spectacles,  eye-glasses,  mounted : 

In  any  material  other  than  gold  or  silver,  gross 

weight 

In  gold  or  silver.    (See  Jewels,  No.  542.) 

Sperm,  in  blocks  or  large  squares,  net  weight 

Spices.    (See  Cloves,  No.  244.) 

Spirits  of  wine.    (See  Alcohol,  No.  11.) 

Spokes.    (See  Wheels,  No.  1084.) 

Spoons,  all  sizes,  and  forks,  covered  with  tin,  gross 

weight 

Same,  of  brass,  gross  weight 

Same,  of  white  metal,  not  tinned  Iron  or  plaque, 
gross  weight 


kilo. 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 


.do 
.do 


.do 
do 


dos 
..do 
..do 
..do 


kilo. 


.do 
do 


do 
do 


dos 
..do 


kilo. 


..do 
..do 


do 
do 

.do 

.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


.do 
do 

.do 


Same,  of  gilded  metal,  gross  weight i..do 


Same,  of  plated  metal,  gross  weight. 
Sponges: 

Fine,  for  toilet,  gross  weight 

Ordinary,  gross  weight 

Springs.    (See  Axletrees,  No.  28.) 

'  For  doors,  gross  weight 

And  axletrees  for  carriages,  gross  weight 

Spring  movements  for  bells,  gross  weight 

Springs  and  catches  used  for  openmg  and  dosing 
roon  of  carriages,  and  made  of  iron  or  brass,  gross 
weight 


do 

.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


& 


do 


55 


114  34 


28  68 
1  91 
8  60 
5  73 

29 

22  00 
38  00 


1  48 

2  00 

7  00 

5  00 

10  00 

15  00 


10 
10 


57 

15  00 

6  00 
2  00 

10 


2  50 
29 

15 
1  15 

8 

29 
32 


1  15 
36 


19 
29 

43 

1  15 

86 

1  15 
29 

19 
12 
29 


19 


$1  OO' 


1  0(^ 
1  OO 
100 
1  09 

1  OO' 
1  00 


lOO 

1  00 

1  00 
1  OO 
1  00' 
1  00 


60 

60 
1  00 


75. 

1  OO 

1  00> 
1  00 

50 


50 
50 

50 
75 

50' 

5(^ 
50 


1  00 
50 


50 
50 

SO 
75 
75 

7S 
60 

50 

50 

50 


^ 


314 


TARIFFS   OF  THE    8EVEBAL    COUNTRIES. 


Dutiable  importo— Continned. 


2f  ambers. 


925 

7981 

926 

17 

927 

435 

9J8 

[467] 

929  [  811 

930  [442] 


931 

[421 

932 

422 

iKia 

423 

934 

[424] 

935 

[425 

936 

15 

937 

15 

-«38 
939 
940 
941 
942 


25] 
369] 
430 
426 
225] 
827] 


944 

628] 

«45 

629 

946 

030 

•947 

335 

^48 

[729] 

949 

730 

950 

731 

951 

[731] 

955 

123] 

956 

6171 

057 

699 

958 

[368] 

961 
902 
903 


1291 

130 

825 


972 
^73 
4>74 


269 

r270 

271 


952 

-953  [433] 

954  [303] 


959  [859] 
■goo  [431] 


Aitioles. 


904  [825] 
-965 

966  (107] 

967  [108] 

968  [523] 

969  [537] 

970  [533] 

971  [534] 


Same,  for  cnrtttine  of  carrlAfses,  gross  weight 

Spurs,  common,  without  gilding  or  plAtlng,  gross  weight 

Bqneezers,  of  wood  or  iron,  for  finut,  gross  weight 

Sunds  for  liquors.    (See  Cases  No.  209.) 
Starch: 

All  kinds,  gross  weight 

Com  and  other,  fur  cakes,  Sec,  of  all  materials,  net 

weight 

Statues  and  busts : 

Fine,  of  marble,  gross  weight 

Common  marble,  gross*  weight 

Gypsum  or  stucco,  gross  weight 

Statues  of  alabaster,  iron,  copper,  zinc,  bronze,  and  com- 
position of  ordinary  metals,  gross  weight 

Steanne,  in  blocks,  net  weight 

Steel,  excepting  mining  bars,  net  weight 

In  plates.    (See  Metal  in  plates,  No.  614.) 
Steels: 

For  knives.    (See  Steels,  No.  939.) 

For  table  use,  with  or  without  handles,  gross  weight . 

Steps  for  coaches,  gross  weight 

Steieoscopes,  all  cmsses,  gross  weight 

Stockings.    (See  Half-bose. ) 

Cotton,  wool,  or  linen,  all  classes  and  colors,  for 

adults 

Cotton  or  linen,  all  classes  and  colors,  for  children. . 

Wool,  all  classes  and  colors,  for  children 

Silk,  all  classes  and  sizes,  net  weight 

Stoppers.    (See  Corks,  No.  269.) 
Sotnes: 

Giind,  gross  weight 

Sharpening,  for  knives  and  razors,  gross  weight 

Flint,  gross  weight 

Precious.    (See  Jewels,  No.  542.) 
Stoves: 

With  ornaments.    (See  Fire-grates,  No.  888.) 
Without  ornaments.    (See  Fire-grates,  No.  384.) 
Strainers.    (See  Sieves,  No.  873.) 
Straw  {eane  or  reed): 

Manufactures  of,  not  specified,  net  weight 

Manufactures  of,  not  specified,  net  weight 

For  hats,  net  weight 

Strings,  all  classes  and  materials  for  musical  instru- 
ments, gross  weight 

Strips  of  cotton  or  linen  embroidered.    (See  embroid- 
ery. No.  359.) 
Strychnine  and  its  saltii,  net  weight;  including  in  the 

weight  the  inner  wrapper 

Sugar: 

Common,  gross  weight 

Kefined,  gross  weight 

Sulphates  of  all  substances  except  those  specified.    (See 

Salts,  No.  807.) 
Sunshades,  according  to  class.    (See  Umbrellas,  No. 

1042  to  1045.) 
Suspenders.    (See  Braces,  No.  270.) 
Swords: 

With  or  without  ornaments,  engraved  or  perfo- 
rated, not  gilded  or  plated  on  the  blade,  hilt, 

sheath,  or  scabbard,  gross  weight 

With  blade,  hilt,  sheath,  or  scabbard  gilded  or 

plated,  gross  wtight 

Blades  and  piec^^s  that  are  not  plated  or  gilded, 

gross  weight 

Syringes,  of  all  materials  not  gold  or  silver,  in  boxes 

or  not,  and  their  separate  pieces,  gross  weight 

Syrups: 

Not  medicinal,  without  allowance  for  leakage,  net 

weight 

Medicinal,  all  classes  and  all  mauufactures,  not 
weight,  including  in  the  weight  the  inner  covering 
Table-covers: 

Wool,  plain  or  twilled,  all  colors 

Wool,  aamask  or  velvet-like  and  corded,  all  colors . . 
And  bed-spreads,  silk,  plain,  figured,  or  embroid- 
ered, net  weight 

*  1  meter  equals  39.37  inches. 


^ 


kilo. 
..do. 
..do. 


.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 

do 

.do 


doz  . 

..do  . 

..do. 

kilo. 


do 

.do 

do 


.do 
.do 
.do 


do 


.do 

do 
do 


do 

do 

.do 

.do 


do 


. .do  ... 

so.  m.* 
. .ao  ... 


kUo. 


So 
"S 


P 

O 

1 


10  29 
58 
19 


12 

34 

19 

9 

29 
18 
06 


20 
19 
00 


1  76 

66 

77 

14  84 


(» 
12 
10 


43 
43 
43 

43 


12  00 

10 
15 


62 
70 

14  84 


s 

.p 


II 

§8' 

IS 


$0  50 
90 
50 


50 

50 

50 
50 
50 

50 
50 
90 


50 
90 
50 


1  00 
100 
1  00 
1  00 


50 
60 
50 


75 
75 

75 

75 


1^ 

50 
50 


19 

50 

90 

50 

43 

50 

29 

50 

1  00 

50 

50 

1  00 

1  00 
1  00 

1  00 


TAEIFF8  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


315 


Dutiable  imporU — Continued. 


Komben. 


875  [535J 
976 

977  [816 
^8  |73] 

979  [306; 

980  [3071 

981  [308] 

982  [309] 

983  [310J 
964  [3U] 


985 

[3111 

086 

311 

987 

88 

988 

74 

989 

839 

990 

[  M] 

991  [841] 

992  [841] 
4193  [841] 

994  [842] 

995  [843] 

996  [848] 

997  [848] 


998 
909 


[^] 


1000  [258] 


1001 

[512] 

1002 

515 

1003 

514 

1004 

514 

1005 

[515] 

1006 
1007 
1008 
1009 
1010 
1011 
1012 


516 
517 
518 
519 
520 
521 
560 


1013 
1014 


3  [131] 

4  t84ll 


1015 
1016 
1017 

1018 
1019 
1020 
1021 
1022 

1023 
1024 
1025 


522 
522 
29i; 

827] 
8281 
830] 
831J 
832] 

833 
834 
848 


ArticlM. 


.do 


do 


..do 


Tackle  or  rigadnfi,  all  daiwes,  ktoss  weight 

Taoks.    (Seo  r^ails,  Nob.  316  and  3  L7. ) 

Tallow.  allclaMea,  net  weight '..do 

Tanned  skins.    (See  Skins,  No.  885  ) 

Tapes,  braids,  narrow  tape  edging  of  cotton,  white  or 

colored,  net  weight 

Same  of  wool,  white  or  colored,  net  weight 

Tapea,  braids,  and  narrow  edgings  of  linen  or  hemp, 

white  or  colored,  net  weight 

Same  of  si^k,  all  kinds,  oven  with  borders  of  other  * 

materials,  not  of  precious  metal,  net  weight 

Same  of  silk,  with  mixture  of  cotton  or  linen  in  the 

entire  texture,  net  weight 

Same  of  silk,  with  mix  tui  o  of  wool,  wool  and  cotton, 
or  wool  and  linen  in  all  the  textare,  net  weight. . 
Tapes,  wool,  with  bugles.    (See  Fringe,  No.  404.) 
Tapes,  silk,  with  bugles.    (See  Fringe,  No.  406.) 

Tar  and  pitch,  gross  weight 

Tare,  or  fruit  of  carob  tree,  net  weight 

Tea,  all  classes,  net  weight 

Telescopes  and  opera-glasses,  with  or  witiiout  case, 

gross  weight 

Textures : 

Cotton,  according  to  class.    (See  C otton  goods,  Nos. 

279  to  288.) 
Wool,  according,  Slc.    (See  Woolen  goods,  Nos.  1115 

to  1118.) 
Linen  or  hemp,  according,  Stc.    (See  Linen  goods, 

Nos.  583  to  588.) 
And  all  manufactures  of  pure  silk,  excepting  those 
specified,  of  all  classes  and  denominations,  net 

weight 

Of  silk,  with  mixture  .of  fine  metal  in  any  nropor- 

tion  and  any  figure  or  form,  upon  appraised  value. 

Silk,  with  mixture  of  any  material,  according  to 

class.    (See  Goods,  Nos.  448  to  454.) 
Hetal,  according  to  class.    (See  Galloon,  Nos.  420, 
423.) 
Thimbles: 

Not  gilded  or  plated,  gross  weight 

Gilded  or  plated.    (See  MetaL  No.  612,  and  plaques 
No.  787.) 
Thread: 

Cotton,  linen,  or  hemp,  or  mixture  of  these  mate- 
rials for  embroidery,  gross  weight 

Cotton,  on  spools,  np  to  275*  meters  each 

Cotton,  in  balls  or  sKeins,  net  weight 

Cotton,  carded  for  long  shawls,  net  weight 

Wool.    (See  Yam,  No.  1122.) 
And  cord,  common,  coarse  of  crude  hemp,  includ- 
ing such  as  is  half  twisted,  all  thicknesses,  net 

weight   

Hemp,  in  spools,  all  colors,  up  to  275  meters  each. 

Fine,  of  hemp,  in  balls  or  skeins,  net  weight 

Linen,  in  spools,  up  to  275  meters  each 

Linen,  balls  or  skeins,  net  weight 

Linen,  carded,  for  shawls,  net  weight 

Silk  in  spools,  net  weight , 

Thongs.    (See  Whips,  No.  1089.) 
Tiles: 

Glazed \  H-. 

Boof,  of  clay,  of  all  classes '..do 

Tin:  I 

All  classes,  net  weight '  kilo 

Tin.    (See  Iron,  No.  527.) 

Tips  for  billiard  cues.    (See  Points,  No.  745.) 

Tobacco : 

Chewing,  net  weight  do 

Dust  (dipping),  net  weight L.do 

Leaf,  not  Virginia,  net  weight . . do 

Loaf,  Virginm,  net  weight ..do 

Cigarettes,  all  classes,  including  the  paper  boxes 

in  which  the^  come,  net  weight do 

Cigars,  not  weight L.do 

Smoking,  net  weight do 

Tongs  and   shovels  for  fire-places  or  stoves,   gross 
weljfht do 


do 


.do. 
doz . 
kilo, 
.do. 


.do. 
doz. 
kilo, 
doz. 
kUo. 
.do. 
.do. 


1  15 


14  84 
65 


29 


67 

14 

1  43 

1  43 


12 
18 
16 
20 
16 
16 


860 


660 
1  65 

14 


1 

4 
1 


62 
00 
25 
16 

26 
90 
25 

19 


100 


1  00 

1  oo' 


60 


1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 


50 
1  00 
1  00 

50 
1  00 
1  00 
1  50 


50 
50 

50 


50 
50 
50 
50 

50 
50 
50 

50 


TABIFF8  OP  THE  SEVERAL  CODNTBIEB. 


DiMabte  iMiporl*— Contiimed. 


1(07  |IK] 
1038  I8ST1 


10«I  [SKa] 
.aa  I7M1 


lOM  [805] 


>  [7121 
)  [870] 


TooU  isd  liutmiiMila  of  Ino,  bnat,  Med,  or  woad, 
DT  BompOTcd  of  Ui€M  nutorUla.  for  utlBMU,  ITDM 

Tootbplolu,  *11  eliim,  twI  gold  or  itlTer,  ctom  «al){lit. 
'"-■■- '--      (See  PerfnmMT,  Ho-JIA) 


rht.. 


Towof  beiDp.'gioH  waist 
Toys  ud  puytUugi,  aU 

IlAt.    (SeeW>llfn.Tlo.  lOU.) 
Hollow.  oTBl.    (Sh  Wkltert,  No.  lOW. ) 
Tnyt,  ror  aDaffert.     (6ae  Snnflen.  No.  MM.) 
Trlmmlngi.    (BeeFrlngu,  li'as.408U)4aS.) 

Leiitber  of  ill  kinds,  wiib  Inn  or  brua  bn> 


ll 


irelght.. 


bei  (or  lamp  wtcki,  dm  (Uvei  or  ctoH.  gnaa  weldit 
nnj  (fiah),  aaidlnu,  ulmon,  andiJlolberaab.iiioined 
■lt«l,orlnDlI.iDc]aaiDi(BuiliDi.->iDlODiHt«  or  butter, 


Tnrpeatlue,  oapbUia,  and  orvde  petrolinini  (aisoDtlve 

ilEcreBorjanoas.ieW) 

Unibrellaa,  abadea,  and panioU, cotton .-..-■ 


in  nettlnx.BBt  weight.. 


t^T  UDBoled  allppera.    (S«e  Slippara,  Ifaa.  St 


obUdren,  net 

YBleriaDtea  (mac 

Including  Id 


if».r"' 

allklnda.D«t«ciiihtlD 


ir  adolta  and 
.  net  woiBht ; 


Vallaea.    <Sce  Baai 

Varnlab.  all  kinda.  i.<^i  -^ 

tbe  loner  coverlog.  witboot 
or  breakage 

Vecetablea,  preaerred.  dry,  or 
tha  welgbt  Ibe  Inner  wmpper 

Teloeipedea,  groaa  weight. 

Veneera,  of  wblt«  wood,  for  gi 


Viaea,  bU 


s  of  fine  wood;  aqoare  feet 

la  (vegetable  alkaloid),  net  waigbli  luclnding  in 

»m,  macaroni,  and  ll&e  eabVunua,'  Eniaa  wetEbt! 

-' '.ofaloekingnet 

if  tba,  groaa  weight 

Height  i  wlthont  allow- 


demUobn 


wTlhout  iJlDWance'ror  iaak- 


Woshbowla 
Watchea,  a 


composed,  dlstiUedoraplrltooi 


weightTiucliidlag  in  the 

welgbt  the  loner  coTcilng I.. do  . 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


317 


Dutiaible  imports — Continned. 


IfombcTS. 


Articles. 


1072  [  38] 


1073 
1074 
1076 


301 
302 
541 


1076  [844 

1077  1 845 

1078  [846; 

1079  [7981 


1080 
1081 
1082 
1083 
1084 
1085 
1086 
1087 
1088 
1089 


[1491 
150 
524; 
864 
623 
798 
798 
801 
802 
356 


1090  [  81] 

1091  [  82] 

1002  [668] 

1093  [6241 

1094 

1095 

1096  [879] 

1097  [880] 

1098  [8811 

1099  [882] 

1100  [883] 
UOl  [  44] 


1102  [  45] 
U05  [  48] 


1103 
1104 


1106  [  49] 


1107 
U08 
1109 

1110 

nil 


1112 
1113 
1114 
1U5 


50 

51 

[405; 

m 


1547] 
548 
584 
670 


1116  [OTl] 

1117  [672] 


Mineral,  natural  or  artificial,  net  weight ;  including 

the  weight  or  the  inner  covering 

Wax: 

White  or  yellow,  net  weight • 

Virrin,  net  weight 

Seuing,  gross  weight 

Web: 

Of  iron  wire,  gross  weight 

Of  brass  wire,  gross  weight 

Horsehair,  all  cuiases  and  colors,  for  covering  f  uml- 

tore 

Weighing  macnines.    (See  ba]anc«s.  "So.  39.) 
WhSebone : 

Worked,  gross  weight 

Kot  worked,  gross  weight 

Whalebone.    (See  Bone,  No.  109.) 

Wheat,  net  weight 

Wheels  and  spokes  for  carriages ;  npon  appraised  value . 
Wheels,  small.    (See  PoUeys,  Kos.  761  and  762.) 
For  bits  of  iron  or  brass.    (See  Bits,  Xa  79. ) 

Separate,  for  carts  of  all  dijmensions 

Separate,  for  coaches  and  other  carriages 

Whips,  all  classes  not  having  gold  or  silver  batt,  grues 

weight 

Whisky :  » 

In  earthen  jugs,  bottles,  and  demyohns ;  without ) 

allowance  for  breakage  or  leakage,  net  weight. .  > 

^  casks,  without  allowance  for  breakage  or  leak-  ^ 

age«  net  weight 5 

Wick  of  cotton,  for  candles,  gross  weight 

Wicks: 

Of  cotton,  for  lamps,  gross  weight 

Of  cotton,  for  pocket  Bint  and  steri 

Window-blinds,  painted  in  colors,  with  oil  or  plain, 

gross  weight 

Wine,  white,  all  classes,  in  bottles  or  demi^johns,  with- ) 

out  allowance  for  leakage  or  breakage,  net  weight. . .  ) 

Same,  in  vessels  of  wood,  without  allowance  for  ? 

leakage,  net  weight > 

Wine,  red,  all  classes,  in  bottles  and  demyohns,  with- 1 

out  allowance  for  breakage,  net  weight > 

Same  in  vessels  of  wood,  without  allowance  for  I 

leakage,  net  weight    5 

Wines,  meoicinal,  of  all  substances  and  manufactures, 

netweight 

Wire,  iron  or  steel,  galvanized  or  not,  for  whatever  use, 
except  that  proved  to  be  for  telegraph,  according  to 

No.  80,  of  article  16,  gross  weight 

Wiro: 

Iron,  barbed, for  fences, and  hooks  andfnails,  to&sten 

them,  gross  weight 

Brass  or  copper,  gross  weitiht 

White,  for  nowers  and  embroideries,  twisted  with- 
out being  plated,  gross  weight 

Not  incluoeo  in  No.  1104,  flat,  round  or  twisted,  and 
cord  of  white  or  yellow  metal,  not  gold  or  silver 

plated,  gross  weight 

Same,  including  No.  1104,  gold  or  silver  plated,  gross 

weight 

Same,  of  silver,  gilded  or  not  with  gold,  gross  weight. 

Covered  for  crinolines,  gross  weight 

Worked  for  hats,  Mexican  style,  &o,    (See  Wire, 

Nos.  1106  to  1107.) 
Ehprings,  for  furniture  and  other  uses,  gross  weight. . 
Wooa  or  gutta  peroha,  manulkctures  of,  not  specified, 

gross  weight 

Wool: 

In  the  fleece,  netweight 

Carded,  netweight 

Wool.    (See  goods.) 

Woolen  goods   and   textures,  light,  suitable  for 
dresses,  plain  white  or  ooloreo,  as  muslins  and 

other  analogous  materials   

Same,  or  twilled  (as  merinosand  cashmeres),  worked, 

twilled  in  strips,  and  embossed  of  all  coloi-s 

Suitable  for  furniture  (as  damask  eoUlma  reps  and 
others  similar) 


is 


kilo. 


do 
do 
do 

do 
do 


sq.m.* 


kilo, 
.do. 


.do 


..do 


Ulo. 

« 

..do  . 

.do. 
.do. 


.do 
.do 

do 
.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 
do 


.do 
.do 

.do 


.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 

.do 

.do 
do 


sq.m.* 
..do... 
..do... 


56 


t 

o 

9 
I 

GO 


$0  20 

63 
67 
86 

19 
29 

22 


29 
19 

04 


13  20 
20  00 

67 

{|} 

}   06|1 
13 

28 
29 


1  00 


10 


02 
29 

1  00 


1  20 

240 

7  00 

12 


29 

29 

12 
18 

28 
28 
36 


s 

r 


$0  50 

75 

'"*75 

50 
50 

50 


50 
50 

60 
50 


50 
50 

50 

50 

50 
50 

50 
50 

50 
50 

60 

50 

50 

75 
50 


50 
60 

76 


1  00 

1  00 

1  00 

50 


50 

50 

80 
50 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 


*  1  meter  equals  89.89  inches. 


•  318 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Dutiable  imports — Continued. 


19'nmben. 


1118  [573] 


1119 

[  5 

1120 

6 

1121 

[7e2] 

1122 

[417] 

1123 

507 

1124 

508 

1125 

509 

1126 

510 

1127 

[511] 

1128 

[7631 

1129 

894 

Aitlclee. 


Wood— Continued. 

Same,  not  snitablc  fordresees,  plain,  worked,  twilled 
or  serge-like  that  for  their  qnality  cannot  be  com- 
prehended in  "Sob.  1115  and  1116,  nor  in  Noa.  210 

and  243 

Wraps : 

Of  fine  wool.    (See  Bloases,  No.  99.) 
Of  skin».    (See  Skins,  No.  886.) 
Wristlets  of  tnr.    (See  Skins,  No.  886.) 
Yam: 

Of  wool,  net  weight 

Dirty.    (See  Cotton,  No.  266.) 

Cotton,  white  or  brown,  net  weight 

Cotton,  colored,  net  weight 

Wool,  idl  classes  and  colors,  net  weight 

Linen,  hemp,  or  their  tows,  white  or  colored,  net 

weight 

Yeast  powder,  net  weight 

Zinc,  in  sheets,  gross  weight 


aa 

•so 


sq.  m 


a  ^ 

H 

« 


do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 


0 

S 

I 

OQ 


$0  80 


$1  oa 


1  72 

e2i 

96 
1  72 

12 
12 
10 


1  00 


1 
I 
1 


00 
00 
00 

50 
50 

50 


*  1  meter  equals  39.37  inches. 

Art.  19.  From  the  amoant  of  import  dnties  1.37  per  cent,  shall  be  delivered  to  the 
corporatioDS  of  the  rejapective  sea-port  or  frontier  custom-houses. 

Art.  20.  I.  To  liquidate  the  dnties  of  merchandise  rated  at  gross  weight  shall  he 
included  in  this,  that  of  the  common  covers  of  wood,  clay,  or  glass  of  whatever  dimen- 
sions that  contain  them  otherwise  when  the  merchandise  is  rated  at  net  weight 
dnties  will  be  collected  for  said  common  covers. 

II.  Fine  covers  remain  subject  to  the  payment  of  the  corresponding  duties  according 
to  their  class,  material,  and  valne,  even  when  the  merchandise  which  they  contain  i» 
rated  at  gross  weight. 

III.  Interior  wraps  {ahrigoa)  of  merchandise  shall  not  pay  dnty  up  to  ten  meters  of 
coarse  texture  of  cotton,  linen,  hemp,  or  wool. 

IV.  Blankets  (scrapes),  coverlets,  or  blankets  (frasadas)  ate  not  comprehended  in 
the  preceding  exemption,  which,  even  when  they  come  as  wraps,  shall  cause  the  cor- 
responding duties  of  this  tariff. 

Chapter  VIII. 

(See  note  1,  Appendix  A,  p.  351.) 

APPRAISED  VALUE  OF  MERCHANDISE. 

Art.  21.  I.  Merchandise  not  specified  in  the  tariff  of  this  law  shall  pay  55  x>er  cent., 
upon  appraised  value  upon  the  highest  wholesale  market  price.  This  valne  will  be 
calculated  by  the  appraiser  of  the  custom-house  who  has  been  named  to  dispatch  th& 
goods  and  the  interested  party,  in  the  presence  of  the  collector  of  the  port  and  the^ 
commander  of  the  guards  of  the  custom-house,  or  the  clerk  who  they  may  name  to  act 
in  their  stead. 

II.  In  case  the  consignee  of  the  merchandise  does  not  conform  with  such  vdlne,  then 
the  interested  party  and  appraiser  shall  name  a  third  person  whose  decision  shall  be 
definitive.  If  there  should  not  be  consent  in  the  naming  of  the  third  party  the  col- 
lector shall  designate  five  persons  between  whom  the  importer  shall  choose  one,  and 
not  doing  it  soon  afterwards,  the  first  one  proposed  shall  be  taken  as  the  chosen  one. 

Art.  22.  When  merchandise  has  to  pay  import  dnties  upon  invoice  value,  and  the 
appraiser  and  the  collector  judge  that  the  prices  specined  are  yery  low,  three  ap- 
praisers, one  named  by  the  custom-house,  another  by  the  interested  party  or  con- 
signee, and  the  third  by  the  same  appraisers,  shall  name  in  anticipation  ia  case  of 
discord,  and  on  such  value  that  they  may  declare  shall  the  duties  have  to-be  paid, 
not  in  any  way  taking  into  consideration  the  ori^nal  consular  invoice.  If  this  valu- 
ation exceeds  10  per  cent,  of  the  price  declared  in  the  invoice,  the  interested  party 
shall  pay  besides  a  fine  of  25  per  cent,  upon  the  value  made  by  the  appraisers. 

Chapter  IX. 

LOADING  VESSELS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

23.  Those  who  send  merchandise,  dispatch  the  vessels,  captains,  supercargoes,. 
,  and  merchants  that  may  have  to  certify  to  the  consular  invoices  of  the  trans- 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         319 

xnitters,  and  the  captain's  consnlar  manifests,  shall  respectively  comply  with  the  for- 
malities that  are  expressed  in  the  following  sections  of  this  chapter: 

Section  Fikst. — OhJigationa  of  the  shippers  or  transmitters. 

Art.  24.  (For  important  changes,  see  note  3,  Appendix  A.)  Whatever  individual  of 
a  foreign  country  sends  objects  of  commerce  to  this  republic,  oven  though  free 
of  duties  or  for  federal  ofiSces  of  the  states,  they  shall  make  out  invoices  in  triplicate 
of  all  the  commodities,  fruits,  or  effects  that  he  remits  to  each  consignee. 

These  invoices  shall  be  made  out  according  to  Model  No.  1  that  follows  at  the  end 
of  this  tariff  law,  and  they  must  contain — 

I.  The  name  of  the  vessel,  that  of  its  captain,  that  of  the  port  to  which  it  is 
directed,  that  of  the  consignee  of  the  articles  contained  in  the  invoice,  and  the  name  of 
the  nation  from  which  the  merchandise  originally  proceeded,  the  date  of  the  invoice,. 
and  the  signature  of  the  transmitter. 

II.  The  expression,  by  figures  and  letters,  of  the  number  of  bales,  boxes,  casks, 
I>ackages,  or  whatever  class  of  package  in  which  the  merchandise  may  come. 

m.  The  mark  and  number  that  must  be  placed  on  each  package  excepting  in 
respect  to  the  following :  iron  machinery  and  material  for  railroads,  which  can  come 
manifested  with  the  weight  of  each  part. 

lY.  A.  The  name,  material,  and  class  of  the  merchandise  specified  according  to  th& 
tariff  of  this  tariff  law. 

B.  The  quantity,  by  figures  and  letters,  that  must  pay  by  the  piece,  pair,  dozen,  or 
thousand. 

C.  The  net  weight  of  merchandise  that  must  pay  by  net  weight,  with  the  expres- 
sion of  the  unit  of  weight  which  it  takes  for  its  base. 

D.  The  length,  width,  and  number  of  pieces  of  merchandise  that  must  pay  by  meas- 
urement, expressing  the  unit  of  measure  serving  as  the  base. 

£.  The  pieces  of  merchandise  which  must  pay  upon  the  invoice  or  appraised  value,, 
expressing  the  unit  of  money  which  it  takes  for  its  base. 

V.  In  the  invoices  shall  be  expressed  the  value  of  the  goods  free  of  duty. 

Art.  25.  (For  important  changes,  see  note  3»  Appendix  A.)  When  in  the  same  pack- 
age merchandise  comes  expressed  in  the  fractious  of  this  tariff  relating  to  small  ware 
and  hardware  of  different  rates  amoug  them,  each  class  must  come  in  a  separate  wrap- 
per, and  be  marked  on  it  its  respeetive  weight,  that  the  weight  of  all  the  bulk  may  be 
applied  proportionally  to  the  classes  of  merchandise  which  it  includes. 

If  they  lack  these  requisites,  the  duty  that  corresponds  to  the  merchandise  which 
has  the  highest  rate  fixed  will  be  demanded  upon  the  weight  of  the  entire  bulk. 

Art.  26.  (For  important  changes,  see  note  3,  Appendix  A.)  I.  The  transmitters  of 
effects  shall  jiresent  for  their  certification  three  copies  of  each  invoice  to  th«  consul,, 
consular  asent,  or  private  commercial  agent  of  Mexico  who  resides  in  the  port  where 
the  vessel  loads  or  in  the  place  from  which  the  merchandise  proceeds. 

In  places  where  there  is  no  consul  oi  Mexican  agent,  the  invoices  may  be  certified 
by  the  consul  of  any  friendly  nation,  and  if  there  should  not  be  one,  by  two  mer- 
chants established  in  the  place  of  the  permission. 

II.  Effects  which  come  to  the  Mexican  territory  in  transit  will  be  subject  relatively 
to  invoices  and  other  custom-house  requisites  which  are  arranged  by  Chapter  XVI  of 
this  tariff. 

Art.  27.  (For  important  changes,  see  note  3,  Appendix  A. )  I.  When  any  invoice  shall 
lack  any  of  the  precautious  contained  in  fractions. I,  II,  III  of  article  24,  there  shall  be 
imposed  upon  the  consignee  a  fine  of  not  less  thau  ^  or  more  than  $25,  for  each  fault,, 
according  to  what  the  collectors  may  think  best  in  each  case. 

II.  When  there  are  in  the  invoices  interlineal  notes,  erasures,  defects,  or  corrections, 
there  shall  be  imposed  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $^0  and  not  more  than  $*200. 

III.  When  the  manifestation  of  merchandise  in  consular  documents  is  made  in  an 
ambiguous  manner,  designating  only  in  general  terms  and  without  subjection  to  the 
nomenclature  of  the  tariff  of  this  tariff  law,  there  shall  be  imposed  a  penalty  of  double 
duties  on  the  merchandise  which  comes  declared  ambiguously,  having  this  casu  to 
examine  the  entire  bulk  of  the  cargo. 

IV.  Invoices  can  continue  to  come  in  the  language  of  the  country  from  which  the 
effects  proceed,  and  the  consignees  will  not  incur  the  penalty  of  ambiguity  pointed 
out  in  the  preceding  fraction  always  that  the  declarations  are  made  in  adcierniinate 
and  clear  manner  that  leaves  no  doubt  respecting  the  rates  or  the  tariff  which  must 
be  applied  to  it. 

Art.  2o7  (For  important  changes,  see  note  3,  Appendix  A.)  I.  In  fault  of  any  of  the 
requisites  designated  in  fraction  4  of  article  24,  when  said  fault  does  not  produce  am- 
biguity, the  nenalty  for  which  is  double  duties,  according  to  fraction  III  of  article  27 
of  this  tariff  Jaw,  the  collectors  shall  impose  in  each  case,  according  to  the  circum- 
stances that  concur,  and  for  each  one  of  the  faults,  a  fine  whose  maximum  shall  not 
exceed  $200. 


320         TABIPPS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

II.  When  for  lack  of  conformity  of  the  interested  parties  it  mast,  according  to  this 
tariff  law«  sabmit  the  case  to  a  judicial  decision,  the  latter  is  intended  to  determine 
if  it  had  been  a  fault,  being  in  such  case  the  exclusive  power  of  the  collectors  to  fix 
afterwards  the  amount  of  the  fine  within  the  maximum  designated. 

Art.  29.  (For  important  changes  see  note  3,  Appendix  A.)  I.  For  the  simultaneous 
Tfanlt  of  the  consular  certification  and  receipt  ot  the  invoices,  the  penalty  of  paying 
■double  duty  upon  the  merchandise  which  comes  without  invoice  is  imposed. 

II.  In  case  that  the  invoices  are  presented  with  the  consular  certihcation  and  do 
not  present  at  the  same  time  the  corresponding  receipt  of  the  Mexican  consul,  a  pru- 
dent time  shall  be  conceded  for  its  presentation,  previously  guaranteeing  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  respective  custom-house. 

III.  When  merchandise  that  comes  without  the  consular  certification  and  receipt 
are  those  which  do  not  caase  duties  for  the  simultaneous  fault  of  said  documents,  a 
fine  shall  be  applied  of  not  less  than  |5  nor  more  than  $100,  without  prejudice  that 
the  fault  is  absolute.  ' 

The  Interested  parties  may  form  provisionally  the  invoices  with  all  particulars  do- 
ing the  same  at  their  cost  and  the  due  intervention  of  the  custom-house  until  they 
present  the  originals. 

IV .  When  the  invoices  do  not  express  the  value  of  the  free  effects  there  shall  be  im- 
posed upon  the  consignee  a  fine  of  not  le.ss  than  $5  nor  more  than  $100. 

Section  Second. — OhligaiionM  of  captaiM  and  supercargoes. 

Art.  30.  The  captain  or  supercargo  of  all  classes  of  ships  bringing  merchandise  to 
the  republic  sailing  from  any  foreign  port  or  ports  are  obliged  to  make  one  general 
manifest  of  such  merchandise  that  they  may  bring  for  each  port  in  Mexico  according 
to  Model  No.  2,  which  must  contain— 

I.  Name  and  class  of  vessel  or  ship,  of  what  nationality,  number  of  tons  in  writing 
and  numbers,  name  of  captain,  name  of  the  port  where  she  came  from,  the  name  (3 
the  Mexican  port  to  which  she  is  bound,  and  the  name  of  the  consignee. 

II.  Number  of  bales  or  packages,  boxes,  barrels,  or  packages,  with  their  respective 
marks  and  numbers,  with  also  the  gross  weight  expressed  in  numbers  and  writing. 

III.  General  class  of  merchandise,  the  names  and  residence  of  the  shipper  as  well  as 
•each  consignee,  with  date,  and  signed  by  the  captain. 

IV.  Should  any  sailing  vessel  when  bringing  merchandise  to' Mexican  ports  have 
merchandise  for  foreign  ports,  the  captains  must  not  only  comply  with  the  foregoing 
xegulation,  but  also  with  what  follows^ 

A.  Deposit  in  the  custom-house  of  each  port  in  Mexico  in  which  she  may  stop  the 
respective  documents  of  the  cargo  destined  for  foreign  ports,  presenting  successively 
in  such  custom-houses  a  general  manifest  of  said  cargo  maae  in  the  port  where  tbe 
ship  was  loaded,  containing  the  total  number  of  bales  or  packages,  boxes,  barrels,  and 
packages,  of  all  classes,  with  marks  and  numbers  distinguishing  each  part  of  the  cargo 
that  is  destined  for  each  foreign  port  (if  more  than  one.)  This  manifest  must  come 
authorized  by  the  Mexican  consul  or  agent  in  the  foreign  port  where  the  ship  was 
loaded ;  if  there  are  not  either  of  these  authorities,  then  by  agent  of  other  friendly 
nation  ;  if  this  fail,  then  by  two  merchants  in  good  standing. 

B.  The  custom-house  of  the  p(>rt  in  Mexico  where  the  vessel  stops  first  will  note  on 
the  manifest  the  anterior  paragraph,  so  as  to  show  in  the  other  Mexican  ports  that  the 
captain  has  presented  his  documents.  In  the  last  port  in  Mexico  where  the  vessel 
stops  the  custom-house  will  cancel  his  manifest,  giving  him  a  receipt  for  the  same  and 
sending  the  document  to  the  miurbter  of  finance. 

C.  In  case  captains  do  not  present  their  general  manifests  of  the  merchandise  that 
they  bring  from  a  foreign  port  in  the  custom-house  of  the  first  Mexican  port  they  may 
touch,  then  said  custom-bouse  will  make,  at  the  cost  of  the  captain,  such  mani^t,  so 
3s  to  let  the  other  custom-house  where  the  ship  mavstop  note  the  same,  so  that  it  may 
be  canceled  according  to  law,  fining  the  captain  91,000  for  this  fault.  Should  it  be 
Absolutely  necessary,  the  merchandise  must  be  discharged  so  as  to  form  such  manifest. 

V.  The  captains  of  steamers  who  bring  merchandise  to  Mexico,  and  at  the  same  time 
for  foreign  ports,  besides  complying  with  the  obligations  detailed  in  this  tariff'  for  cap- 
tains and  supercargoes,  must  present  in  the  first  Mexican  port  that  they  touch  a  list 
of  the  merchandise  that  they  are  taking  for  foreign  ports,  naming  the  lots  they  are 
taking  for  each  port,  so  that  such  notice  can  be  revised  by  tbe  coHector  of  said  port 
and  sent  in  a  sealed  envelope  by  said  captain  to  the  collector  of  customs  of  the  next 
port  where  the  steamer  may  touch,  repeating  this  in  each  port  up  to  the  last,  where 
«uch  notice  will  be  taken  charge  of  ^nd  placed  in  the  archives  of  the  ofiice,  after  tak- 
ing a  certified  copy  to  send  to  the  minister  of  finance. 

Art.  31.  I.  The  captains  or  supercargoes  will  present,  to  be  certified  before  the  con- 
sul, consular  or  commercial  agent  of  Mexico,  who  resides  in  the  port  where  the  vessel 
is  loaded,  three  copies  of  the  general  manifest  of  the  merchandise  which  she  brings  for 
each  one  of  the  ports  of  the  republic ;  and  only  in  case  there  does  not  reside  in  such' 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         321 

port  one  of  the  functionaries  above  named,  then  the  certificate  can  be  taken  from  the 
consul  of  a  friendly  nation.  If  not  this,  then  a  certificate  from  two  established  mer- 
chants. Receiving  these  docnments,  the  captains  or  supercargoes  are  bound  to  pre- 
sent them  precisely  at  the  first  Mexican  port  where  they  commence  to  discharge  cargo. 

II.  The  obligations  expressed  in  the  foregoing  paragraphs  must  be  complied  with 
by  the  captain  or  supercargo,  even  if  the  vessel  comes  in  ballast. 

III.  When  vessels  in  ballast  are  dispatched  directly  to  a  Mexican  port  where  there 
is  no  custom-house  of  the  first  class,  with  the  exclusive  object  of  loading  animals  or 
wood,  the  captains  will  present  to  said  custom-house  his  manifest  made  out  according 
to  the  above-mentiooed  restrictions,  expressing  in  the  same  the  number  of  sailors  and 
quantity  of  food  he  carries. 

Art.  ^2.  The  captains  or  supercargoes  are  obliged  to  give  to  the  officials  of  the  cus- 
tom-bouse when  they  come  on  board,  when  the  ship  has  come  to  anchor,  the  general 
manifest  of  the  cargo  they  bring,  a  list,  of  the  passengers,  with  class  of  their  baggage, 
same  as*  Model  No.  3,  as  well  also  an  entire  list  of  the  food  or  rations  that  are  existing 
on  board,  according  to  Model  No.  4. 

Art.  33.  The  captain  is  obliged  to  keep  in  good  state  the  seals  that  are  placed  by 
the  custom-house  officials  on  the  hatches  and  bulkheads ;  should  such  seals  be  broken 
the  captain  has  to  prove  that  he  was  not  the  culpable  party ;  if  he  cannot  do  this,  then 
to  be  fined  not  exceeding  |500. 

Art.  34.  Should  any  of  the  reauisites  designated  in  the  three  first  fractions  of  article 
!V)  be  not  complied  with,  the  delinquent  can  be  fined  in  the  sum  of  not  less  than  $5 
nor  to  exceed  $25  for  each  fault,  this  bein^  at  the  option  of  the  collector  of  the  port. 
Should  there  be  found  in  the  general  manifest  any  interlining,  rubbing  out,  additions 
of  words,  or  altering  of  words,  a  fine  will  be  made  of  not  less  than  $50  and  not  exceed- 
ing $200. 

Art.  34.  Should  there  be  any  evasion  or  f^and  in  the  certificates  and  consular  re- 
ceipts of  the  manifest  before  expressed  in  article  31,  or  should  these  documents  hot  be 
forthcoming,  the  captain  shall  be  fined  $1,000.  If  he  presents  the  manifest  with  the 
consul's  certificate  and  without  his  receipt,  then  a  reasonable  time  will  be  given  him 
for  such  to  be  sent  for,  in  the  mean  time  gividg  a  bond  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  col- 
lector for  the  production  of  same. 

Art.  36.  Should  the  documents,  as  expressed  in  article  32,  not  be  given  to  the  cus- 
tom-house officers  when  they  come  on  board,  after  the  ship  has  come  to  an  anchor,  the 
fine  will  be  not  exceeding  ^00. 

Art.  37.  I.  The  captains  or  supercargoes  have  the  privilege  of  rectifying  and  mak- 
ing additions  to  their  manifests  during  the  time  of  forty-eight  hours,  running  from 
the  time  when  the  ship  came  to  an  anchor,  giving  the  reasons  for  such  additions  or 
changes,  protesting  at  foot  that  they  proceed  legally  and  in  good  iaith ;  this  document 
moHt  be  made  in  duplicate,  according  to  Model  No.  5. 

II.  The  time  indicated,  forty-eight  hours,  are  counted  except  on  d^ys  when  the 
custom-house  is  closed  or  when  by  natural  causes  the  captain  cannot  communicate 
with  shore. 

III.  The  changes  or  additions  of  manifest  presented  by  the  captain  to  the  custom- 
house are  examined,  and  without  admitting  or  effusing  (which  solely  depends  upon 
the  secretary  of  the  treasury),  the  same  are  sent  by  first  mail  to  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  with  the  corresponding  information  and  opinion  of  the  collector  of  customs 
of  the  port. 

These  proceedings  do  not  impede  the  discharging  of  the  vessel,  which  can  be  com- 
menced at  once. 

IV.  In  case  the  changes  or  additions  of  the  manifest  make  more  than  5  per  cent,  or 
make  less  than  5  per  cent,  of -the  total  number  of  packages  which  the  general  mani- 
fest of  the  vessel  calls  for,  the  captains  or  supercargoes,  if  they  cannot  pay  then  the 
consignees,  will  be  fined  by  the  collector  of  the  port  from  $100  to  $1,000,  according  to 
the  gravity  and  circumstances  of  the  case ;  a  note  of  ^ood  value  can  be  taken  for  the 
amount  of  fine  until  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  decides  the  question. 

Section  Third. — Ohligationa  of  ihe  consuls  of  the  republic, 

certificates  prom  consuls. 

Art.  38.  The  consuls,  vice  consuls,  consular  or  commercial  agents  of  the  republic 
in  a  foreign  country  certify,  in  the  form  of  Model  6,  three  copies  of  each  factura  or 
manifest,  which  must  respectively  1>e  presented  by  the  shipper  of  the  merchandise 
and  the  captain  of  the  vessel.  Such  documents  cannot  be  certified  by  the  consuls  if 
they  are  presented  after  the  respective  ships  have  left  the  port. 

Art.  39.  The  consuls  and  agents  will  use  two  books  to  copy  in,  one  the  manifests 
and  in  the  other  an  extract  ot  the  invoices,  giving  at  once  to  the  interested  party  a 
receipt  for  the  invoice  or  manifest  which  he  may  present. 

1784  CONG — ^A  P 21 


322  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

The  manifest  as  well  as  the  invoice  must  be  numbered  cousecntively,  closing  such 
numeration  at  the  end  of  each  fiscal  year. 

Art.  40. 1.  The  consal  will  return  one  certified  copy  of  the  manifest  or  respective  in- 
voices to  the  captain  or  supercargo  of  the  vessel,  or  to  the  shipi>er  of  the  merchan- 
dise ;  another  Copy  of  the  manifest  and  one  of  each  of  the  invoices  will  be  remitted 
by  the  consul  under  seal  by  the  same  vessel  that  takes  the  merchandise  to  the  collector 
of  the  port  to  where  the  vessel  is  bound.  To  the  collectors  of  the  frontier  custom- 
houses the  consul  will  also  remit  the  same  class  of  documents  by  the  first  safe  oppor- 
tunity. The  third  copy  of  same  documents  will  be  sent  direct  to  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  by  the  same  ship,  if  not,  then  by  first  mail. 

II.  In  case  the  invoice  which  has  to  be  presented  by  the  importers  to  the  respective 
oustom-house  has  been  mislaid,  the  consuls  or  consular  agents  of  the  republic  can  give, 
on  petition  of  the  interested  parry,  certificates  as  in  Model  No.  7. 

Art.  41.  The  Mexican  consuls  must  indicate  all  circumstances  that  they  think  im- 
portant respcctiuj^  mercantile  expeditious  that  may  be  coming  to  any  port  of  the  re- 
public, more  particularly  when  they  come  from  the  port  where  he  resides,  and  give  an 
account  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  by  the  quickest  route  possible. 

Art.  42.  The  consuls  and  consular  agents  are  obliged  to  give  to  captains  of  vessels 
and  merchants  who  are  wishing  to  bnng  merchandise  to  the  republic  all  necessary 
data  on  importation  that  they  may  wish  respecting  the  legislation  and  statistics  of 
aame. 

Art.  43.  I.  Each  month  the  consul  and  consular  agents  will  remit  to  the  secretary  of 
the  treasury  a  notice  of  the  ships  dispatched  to  the  ports  of  the  republic,  expressing 
their  names  and  nationality,  tne  captain,  the  names  of  the  passengers,  and  generiu 
information  as  to  the  cargo  she  brings.  Also  sending  notice  of  tbe  vessels  that  arrive 
at  the  port  of  their  residences  coming  from  Mexico,  with  a  list  of  the  goods  they  bring, 
names  of  the  passengers,  the  port  from  which  the  vessel  came,  how  many  days  of  navi- 
gation, and  any  other  information  they  may  think  necessary. 

II.  Not  alone  by  each  vessel  they  dispatch,  but  on  the  first  day  of  each  month  the 
consul  and  \onsuIar  agent  must  send  to  the  collector  of  each  port  to  which  they  may 
have  dispatched  merchandise  a  copy  of  current  prices  of  the  merchandise  in  the 
place  where  they  reside,  also  sending  each  month  the  same  to  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury. 

Art.  44.  For  the  receipt  and  certificate' which  the  consul  gives  of  a  general  manifest 
in  charges  IIO ;  in  case  it  is  a  vessel  only  in  ballast,  then  the  fee  is  |2. 

For  the  receipt  and  certificate  of  each  invoice,  the  value  of  which  exceeds  $50,  to 
charge  a  fee  of  $4,  and  for  certificate  of  a,ayfaotura  that  has  been  mislaid,  a  fee  of  $^ 

Chapter  X. 

OF  VS8SBL8  JHAT  ARRIVE  AT  MEXICAN    PORTS    OWING   TO  HAVING  HAD  ACCIDENTS, 

ETC. 

Art.  45.  All  vessels,  national  or  foreign,  that  enter  into  the  territorial  waters  of  the 
republic  with  the  object  of  repairing,  to  take  water,  obtain  fresh  food,  or  for  any  other 
forced  cause,  remain  subject  to  the  rules  of  this-  arancel,  as  well  as  also  to  those  de- 
tailed in  the  following  articles : 

Art.  46.  I.  All  ships,  national  or  foreign,  that  come  to  Mexican  ports  by  force  of 
stress  of  weather,  with  the  object  cf  repairing  damages,  will  have  administered  to 
them  in  the  act,  by  the  custom-house  or  the  captain  of  thu  port,  all  the  aid  that  is  nec- 
essary, permitting  the  discharging  of  all  or  part  of  the  cargo  which  she  may  be  loaded 
with,  if  it  is  thought  they  will  sutfer  damage,  or  it  is  absolutely  necessary  for  the  re- 
pairing of  the  ship. 

Of  such  discharge  the  custom-house  will  take  a  specified  note,  expressing  in  it  the 
quantity  of  packages,  marks  and  numbers  of  the  bales,  and  their  contents,  if  they  can 
determine  them,  depositing  all  in  the  warehouses  of  the  custom-house,  or  in  another 
warehouse  satisfactory  to  the  collector,  should  the  custom-house  not  have  any.  This 
is  done  with  the  knowledge  of  the  consul  of  the  country  to  which  the  ship  belongs. 

II.  In  case  they  should  be  national  ships  they  are  placed  in  the  situation  as  com- 
prehended in  the  foregoing  article,  then  to  apply  to  the  federal  jndge  of  the  district : 
should  there  not  be  any,  then  to  the  next  federal  authority,  so  that  with  his  accord 
all  necessary  operations  can  be  performed. 

III.  The  nation  is  not  responsible  for  any  loss,  damage,  demerit,  diminution, deteri- 
oration that  may  be  caused  to  the  ship  or  cargo  by  these  accidents. 

A  full  and  instructive  account  which  must  be  made  will  be  sent  by  first  mail  to  tbe 
secretary  of  the  treasury. 

Art.  47.  The  captains  of  vessels,  loaded  or  discharged,  that  arrive  at  the  ports  of  the 
republic,  with  the  object  of  taking  water  or  food,  must  declare  the  same  to  the  custom- 
houee  in  writing  at  the  time  when  the  custom-house  officers  present  themselves,  who 
will  close  and  seal  the  hatches,  which  are  not  to  be  opened  until  the  moment  in  which 
the  ship  proceeds  to  sea. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  323 

In  cases  of  this  kind,  should  the  collector  think  it  necessary,  he  will  give  orders  tl^at 
one  gnard  or  another  officer  of  the  cnstom-house  to  remain  on  board  until  the  sailing  of 
the  vessel,  also  taking  any  other  steps  that  he  may  think  necessary  under  the  circum- 
fktances. 

Abt.  48.  Tlie  captains  of  foreign  vessels  who  come  to  any  port  of  the  republic  with 
the  intention  of  going  into  winter  quarters  are  obliged  to  manifest  immediately  to  the 
officers  of  customs  who  come  on  boanl,  showing  a  list  of  their  stores,  and  declaring 
that  they  do  not  bring  merchandise  nor  objects  of  commerce,  only  the  produce  of  their 
fishing,  i.  e.y  if  they  are  whaling  vessels. 

In  case  the  officers  of  the  custom-house  think  there  is  an  intention  of  fraud,  they 
will  visit  the  hold  of  the  vessel  to  be  sure  there  is  not  anything  on  board  except  what 
is  necessary  for  the  sailors. 

Abt.  49.  When  a  foreign  vessel  arrives  at  any  of  the  ports  of  the  republic,  with  the 
object  of  repairing  damages,  an  invoice  must  be  immediately  made  of  all  she  contains, 
t.  e.,if  she  brings  merchandise.  At  once  the  officers  of  the  custom-house  will  visit 
the  hold,  then  seal  the  hatches  so  that  they  cannot  be  opened  except  in  case  of  neces- 
sity, and  this  only  can  be  done  in  the  presence  of  a  custom-house  officer  named  by  the 
collector. 

Should  the  captain  wish  to  discharge  the  merchandise,  he  can  do  so  after  he  has  the 
invoice,  depositing  said  merchandise  in  the  custom-house  warehouses ;  the  Govern- 
ment has  no  responsibility  whatever  for  any  loss,  damage,  deiqorit,  diminution,  dete- 
rioration that  the  goods  may  suffer. 

When  the  ship  is  ready  to  continue  on  her  voyage,  the  goods 'will  be  taken  from  the 
custom-house  warehouses  to  be  re-embarked,  comparing  the  same  with  the  invoices 
when  received.  If  it  is  necessary  for  the  captain  to  sell  merchandise,  and  he  petitions 
the  custom-house  and  it  is  granted,  an  invoice  with  all  particulars  will  be  made  and 
the  corresponding  duties  paid. 

All  these  incidents  must  be  written  in  form  with  their  corresponding  papers  from 
which  to  give  an  account  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury. 

Art.  50.  When  all  or  part  of  the  cargo  brought- by  any  vessel  has  been  wrecked 
on  the  coasts  of  the  republic,  the  goods  must  bo  deposited  in  the  warehouses  of  the 
nearest  custom-house,  giving  notice  to  the  consul  or  the  country  to  which  the  vessel 
belongs,  if  there  is  one^  at  the  nearest  point  where  the  ship  has  been  lost, ;  if  not,  then 
to  the  federal  judge  ot  the  district,  so  as  to  determine  what  must  be  done  with  the 
merchandise,  if  in  six  months  it  has  not  been  claimed  by  the  legitimate  owners. 

Chapter  XI. 
the  arrival  of  vessels  is  mexican  ports  bringing  merchandise. 

Art.  51.  I.  The  vessel  of  whatever  nation  can  bring  cargo  to  one  oi;  more  ports  of 
the  republic,  making  separato  documents  according  to  the  law  expressed  in  this  tariff 
for  each  of  the  ports  in  which  the  merchandise  has  to  be  discharged. 

The  custom-house  of  the  port  in  which  the  first  discharge  of  the  vessel  is  made  shall 
give  notice  to  the  rest  to  whom  she  comes  consigned  that  they  have  received  the  cor- 
responding goods.  Until  the  goods  for  one  port  are  discharged,  the  documents  corre- 
sponding to  the  cargo  for  other  port-s  are  detained  in  the  custom  house. 

II.  The  captains  of  steamers  of  the  line  who  make  periodical  trips  to  Mexican  ports 
at  fixed  times,  bringing  merchandise  for  two  or  more  ports,  instead  of  giving  to  the 
first  custom-house  at  which  she  may  arrive  the  documents  that  cover  the  cargo  that 
she  brings  for  the  others,  gives  to  the  guards  who  make  the  visit  when  she  anchors  a 
copy  of  the  general  manliest  of  the  merchandise  for  each  one  of  the  Mexican  ports  on 
her  line. 

The  concession  thus  given  does  not  except  the  captain  for  any  fines  that  may  have 
to  be  imposed  for  infraction  of  any  of  the  custom-house  laws,  nor  for  the  non-comply- 
ing of  any  simple  disposition  that  the  collectors  of  the  ports  may  dictate  in  exercising 
.  their  functions. 

Art.  52.  When  a  merchant  vessel  has  come  to  an  anchor  and  passed  a  sanitary  in- 
spection, there  will  come  on  board  the  commander  of  the  guards  or  the  officer  of*  cus- 
toms named  by  the  collector,  who  will  get  from  the  captain  the  list  of  stores,  passen- 
gers and  their  baggage,  the  receipt  or  receipts  of  the  consuls,  and  the  manifest  or  man- 
ifests of  all  the  cargo  which  is  contained  in  the  vessel  (even  when  the  merchandise 
has  to  t>e  discharged  in  different  ports),  the  closed  documents  that  the  ship  has  brought 
for  the  custom-bouse  or  the  secretary  of  the  treasury.  This  finished,  the  officer  will 
proceed  to  seal  the  hatchways,  which  cannot  be  opened  uutil  such  time  as  they  com- 
mence discharging. 

Art.  53.  The  above  preventions  are  not  obligatory  against  steamers  that  are  subsi- 
dized by  the  Mexican  Government  who  come  to  the  ports  named  in  their  contract 
solely  to  receive  passengers,  correspondence,  or  national  produce  without  bringiug 
merchandise  for  the  same  ports. 


324         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Art.  54.  If  daring  the  time  at  sea  there  have  been  stormB  that  have  obliged  the  capt- 
ain of  the  vessel  to  tnrow  part  of  the  cargo  overboard,  or  for  other  serious  causes  he  ha» 
been  obliged  to  pat  into  another  port,  and  had  to  sell  part  of  her  cargo,  the  captain 
or  sapercargoes  mnst  give  a  declaration  in  writing  to  the  commander  of  the  guards  or 
the  officer  of  the  oustom-hoase  at  the  time  when  he  produces  his  other  documents  re- 
ferred to  in  article  52. 

Art.  55.  Inimediatelv  when  the  collect4)r  receives  the  declaration  as  named  in  the 
previous  article,  he  will  notify  the  federal  judge  of  the  district,  so  that  he  may  take 
all  steps  necessary  to  find  out  what  has  occurred. 

If  it  be  a  case  of  jetsam,  it  is  required  not  ouly  that  the  passengers  and  crew  shall 
confiiDi  and  declare  in  the  affirmative,  but  that  the  log-book  shall  be  produced  show- 
ing the  proper  entries  conforming  with  their  statements.  It  is  also  necessary  to  prove 
what  winds  caused  or  drove  the  vessel  to  the  ][>ort,  as  well  also  that  such  is  a  fact,  le- 
galized by  the  anthorities  of  the  port. 

Should  all  be  proved,  then  no  duties  will  be  imposed  on  the  merchandise  that  waa 
thrown  overboard  or  sold. 

Chapter  XII. 

RENOUNCING  THE  CONSIGNMENT  OF  MERCHANDISE. 

Art.  56.  I.  The  consignee,  who  is  the  person  designated  by  the  shipper  in  the  con- 
sular invoice  to  receive  the  goods  at  the  port  where  consigned,  is  the  only  person  who 
can  have  the  necessary  papers  made  so  that  said  goods  can  be  dispatched,  as  well  also 
for  the  liquidation  and  payment  of  duties. 

II.  The  consignee  can  renounce  the  consignment,  giving  to  the  cusi;om-house  the 
consular  invoice,  this  to  be  done  during  twenty-four  hours  counting  from  the  time  that 
the  vessel  came  to  anchor,  only  if  they  could  not  communicate  with  the  land  or  the 
custom-house  is  closed. 

III.  When  there  are  various  consignees,  the  renouncing  of  the  consignment  ought 
to  be  successive  according  to  the  .order  in  which  they  are  named  in  such  invoice. 

Art.  57.  Having  passed  the  twenty-four  hours  named  in  the  article  above,  it  is  under- 
stood that  the  consignation  is  accepted. 

Art.  58.  If  the  shipper  of  the  goods  whose  consignment  has  been  refused  is  a  citi- 
zen of  Mexico,  the  collector  of  the  port  will  name  two  merchants  established  there,  as 
consignees. 

Art.  59.  If  one  of  them  renounce  and  the  other  admit,  then  he  is  alone  the  con- 
signee ;  the  renouncing  of  such  consignees  named  officially  should  be  done  within  forty- 
eight  hours  after  beidg  named ;  if  this  is  not  done  it  is  understood  that  they  accept  such 
consignment. 

Art.  60.  If  those  named  should  renounce,  and  the  goods  are  of  such  a  kind  that 
they  cannot  be  warehoused  without  loss  or  detriment,  the  collector  of  the  port  will 
dispose  of  the  same  at  public  auction  to  the  highest  bidder,  depositing  in  the  custom- 
house warehouse  all  other  goods,  notifying  through  the  newspapers  all  that  has  oc- 
curred so  that  it  may  come  to  the  notice  or  the  party  or  parties  interested. 

Art.  61.  Should  the  term  of  six  months  pass,  and  no  one  has  presented  a  legal  claim 
to  the  deposited  goods,  then  the  custom-house  will  proceed  to  sell  the  same  by  public 
auction. 

Art.  62.  The  produce  after  having  paid  duties  and  all  other  expenses  will  remain 
deposited  in  the  custom-house. 

Art.  63.  If  the  shipper  of  the  goods,  the  consignment  of  which  has  been  refused, 
should  be  a  foreigner,  the  collector  of  the  port  will  officially  advise  the  consular  vice- 
consul  representing  the  nation  of  the  shipper  that  if  withiu  the  term  of  three  days  he 
will  receive  the  consignment,  and  passing  this  time  and  not  having  efficialty  refused, 
it  is  understood  he  wUl  accept  the  same.  The  consuls  or  vice-consuls  not  accepting 
the  consignment,  then  proceedings  will  be  taken  according  to  articles  58  to  62,  inclu- 
sive, in  this  chapter. 

Art.  64.  In  case  it  appears  in  the  consular  manifest  that  a  person  is  a  consignee  of 
merchandise,  and  has  not  received  his  consular  invoice,  and  wishes  to  renounce  the 
consignation,  he  must  do  the  same  in  writing  to  the  collector  of  the  port,  who  will 
proceed  according  to  the  laws  in  this  chapter. 

Chapter  XIII. 

THE  DISCHARGING  OF  VESSELS. 

Art.  65.  I.  To  discharge  merchandise  the  consignee  of  the  ship  must  make  a  peti- 
tion in  writing;  if  he  does  not,  then  the  captain,  accompanied  by  two  copies  of  the 
general  manifest  in  the  Spanish  language  without  stamps. 

The  captain  will  give  a  paper  wim  each  of  the  boat-loads  of  merchandise  that  he 
sends  to  land,  expressing  tlie  marks  and  numbers  of  the  packages  that  are  sent :  the 
guard  or  officer  of  the  custom-house  who  is  on  duty  will  sign  the  same  if  in  conform- 
ity ;  if  not,  then  write  ou  said  paper  any  observations  should  it  be  necessary. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  325 

The  discbarge  coocladed,  these  papers  will  be  compared  with  the  manifest  of  the 
vessel  and  the  book  of  the  warehoaseman,  if  the  goods  have  been  sent  to  the  ware- 
house. 

II.  A.  The  mail  steamers  and  others  that  have  stated  times  for  arriving  and  sailiog 
have  the  preference  in  discharging  when  they  bring  merchandise,  and  can  do  the  same 
in  the  hours  tbo  custom-house  think  favorable,  immediately  she  arrives  and  has  passed 
the  inspection  of  the  sanitary  oflScer  and  captain  of  the  port. 

B.  Always  that  the  consiguee  or  agent  of  the  steamer  guarantees  to  give  the  two 
copies  of  the  manifest,  which,  in  the  Spanish  language,  the  captain  of  said  steamers 
ought  to  present ;  twelve  hours  are  conceded  to  said  captain  to  verify  this. 

C  Immediately  the  steamer  comes  to  anchor  and  commences  discharging,  the  cus- 
tom-house is  authorized  to  give  the  register  for  sailing,  if  so  solicited  b^  the  con- 
signee or  agent,  also  giving  permission  to  embark  and  to  load  the  lighters  with  fruits 
And  national  effects  that  are  free  of  duty;  such  lij^htcrs  cannot  go  alongside  the 
steamer  until  the  commander  of  the  guards  makes  his  second  visit  and  has  seen  that 
the  discharge  is  terminated. 

D.  In  these  steamern,  where  neither  the  hatchways  nor  bulkhead  are  closed  or 
sealed,  the  collector  of  the  port  will  take  X3articular  care  to  have  and  maintain  on 
board  the  guards  or  officers  ne  may  think  necessary  for  proper  vigilance,  taking  into 
consideration  the  capacity  of  the  steamer  and  the  destiny  of  the  cargo  she  may  bring. 

Art.  68.  (For  important  changes,  see  note  3,  Appendix  A.)  I.  The  consignees  of  the 
cargo  of  a  vessel  have  the  faculty  to  rectify  or  make  additions  to  their  invoices  during 
forty-eight  hours,  counting  from  the  time  the  ship  came  to  anchor,  excepting  the  days 
in  which  the  custom-house  is  closed,  or  in  an  extraordinary  case  where  it  was  impossible 
to  communicate  with  shore,  giving  the  reasons  for  such  rectifications  and  additions, 
and  protesting  at  the  port  that  they  proceed  legally  and  in  good  faith;  this  document 
is  made  in  duplicate  according  to  model  No.  8. 

II.  If  the  rectifications  and  additions  that  are  made  in  the  invoices  increase  or 
decrease  the  duties,  which  are  caused  according  to  the  invoice,  up  to  ten  per  cent,  is 
admitted,  the  duties  will  be  liquidated  in  conformity  without  any  extra  duty.  * 

III.  The  rectifications  and  additions  that  decrease'the  duty  that  ought  to  be,  accord- 
ing to  the  invoice,  in  more  than  ten  per  cent.,  and  will  not  be  admitted,  and  the  dnties 
will  be  liquidated  according  to  invoice  without  auy  fine. 

IV.  The  rectifications  and  additions  that  increase  the  duties  more  than  ten  per  cent, 
and  not  exceeding  twenty-five  per  cent,  will  be  liquidated  with  the  extia  duty  of 
thirty-three  per  cent,  on  the  amount  that  was  over  in  quantity  or  quality  of  the  mer- 
chandise, according  to  the  declaration  in  the  invoices. 

V.  The  rectifications  and  additions  that  increase  the  duties  in  more  than  twenty- 
five  per  cent.,  and  without  exceeding  fifty  per  cent.,  (they)  will  be  liquidated  with  the 
extra  duty  of  fifty  per  cent,  in  the  amount  that  was  over  in  quantity  or  quality  of  the 
merchandise,  according  to  the  declarations  in  the  invoices. 

VI.  The  rectifications  or  additions  that  increase  the  duties  in  more  than  fifty  per 
cent,  than  that  which  is  declared  in  the  invoice  will  be  liquidated  by  paying  doable 
duties  just  as  if  there  had  been  no  invoice  at  all. 

YII.  The  rectifications  or  additions  that  change  the  kind  or  nature  of  the  merchan- 
dise declared  iVill  be  liquidated  covering  double  duties  same  as  if  there  had  not  been 
an.'^  invoice. 

VIII.  The  calculation  to  determine  the  increase  or  decrease  that  is  produced  in  the 
duties  by  reason  of  the  rectifications  or  additions  is  not  computed  on  all  ihe  merchan- 
dise contained  in  the  invoices,  but  only  on  those  which  have  been  altered  or  increased. 

IX.  The  rectifications  or  additions  of  the  invoices  presented  by  the  consignee  to  the 
custom-houses  are  examined  by  them  without  admitting  or  refusing  same  definitely, 
which  corresponds  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  ;  for  this' reason  the  collectors  of 
the  ports  will  send  by  first  mail  such  additions  and  rectifications  numbered  consecu- 
tively, and  giving  his  opinion  in  each  ca^e.  This  does  not  impede  the  liquidation  and 
payment  of  duties  on  the  goods,  considering  as  admitted  rectifications  or  additions^ 
the  interested  partv  giving  a  bond  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  collector  for  the  payment 
of  the  difference  when  the  result  of  the  case  is  definite. 

Chapter  XIV. 

THE  DISPATCH  OF  IMPORTED  MERCHANDISE. 

Art.  67.  I.  The  consignees  of  foreign  merchandise  are  obliged  to  present  in  tripli- 
cate the  permit  of  dispatch  precisely  in  fifteen  days  after  the  vessel  that  brought  tha 
goods  has  discharged,  yet  from  the  commencement  such  permit  can  be  presented. 

II.  In  the  permits  of  dispatch  must  be  specified  with  exactitude  the  merchandise, 
with  all  the  requisites,  as  in  article  24  of  this  tariff,  for  the  formation  of  the  consular 
invoices. 

Before  commencing  the  dispatch  each  permit  must  be  examined  with  the  general 
manifest,  which  the  captain  has  presented,  as  well  as  the  consular  invoices  that  have 
been  presented  by  the  consignees. 


326         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

in.  Shoold  the  permit  for  dispatch  not  be  presented  in  the  15  days,  as  mentioned  io 
fraction  I  of  this  article,  warebonsing  will  be  charged  as  follows: 

A.  After  fifteen  days,  as  referred  to  in  fraction  1  of  this  article,  without  the  con- 
signee presenting  his  permit  for  dispatch,  the  merchandise  must  be  taken  to  the  ware- 
houses. 

The  merchandise  causes  during  the  first  ten  days  a  warehouse  fee  of  five  cents  each 
day  for  each  package,  for  whatever  class  of  goods  it  may  contain,  or  whatever  size  it 
may  be. 

B.  Should  the  twenty-five  days  pass,  as  noted  in  article  74  of  this  tariff,  for  the  ter- 
mination of  the  liquidation  of  the  cargoes,  without  the  consignees  having  asked  for 
the  dispatch  of  their  goods,  the  warehouse  fees  are  ten  cents  per  day  for  each  pxu^kage 
during  five  days. 

C.  Passing  the  five  days,  as  noted  in  the  preceding  paragraph,  without  the  con- 
signee having  presented  the  permit  for  dispatch,  the  warehouse  fees  are  fifty  cents 
per  day  for  each  package. 

D.  If  six  months  pass,  counting  from  the  time  the  vessel  has  concluded  her  dis- 
charge, and  the  dispatch  of  the  merchandise  has  not  been  asked  for,  they  will  pro- 
ceed at  once  to  realize  the  same  in  conformity  with  the  dispoHitions  in  the  articles  61 
and  62  of  this  tarifi',  and  make  oifectivo  the  payment  of  importation  as  well  as  the 
warehouse  duties  that  the  merchandise  have  caused. 

£.  When  the  merchandise  are  not  those  that  are  dispatched  in  the  warehouses, 
they  will  proceed  in  conforminy  with  article  60  of  this  tariff,  and  make  it  efl'ective  to 
cover  the  duties  of  the  importation  without  waiting  the  six  months  mentioned  in  the 
preceding  paragraph. 

F.  Warehouse  dues  will  not  collected  on  the  goods  that  are  detained  by  a  judicial 
order  or  by  an  order  of  the  collector,  or  for  any  other  legal  circumstances  anamst  the 
wishes  of  the  respective  owners. 

Art.  68.  I.  After  comparing  according  to  fraction  11,  article  67,  and  finding  that 
the  permit,  invoices,  and  manifests  are  in  conformity,  the  dispatch  of  the  merchandise 
can  be  made  on  the  wharf  or  in  the  warehouse,  whichever  may  be  thought  best. 

II.  Assisting  in  the  dispatch  is  the  appraiser,  whose  obligation  is  to  take  the  meas- 
nriiment,  weight,  class,  and  value  of  the  goods,  so  as  to  apply  the  corresponding 
<huie8  in  conformity  with  the  classification  of  the  tariff,  and  as  ordered  in  article  21  of 
this  tarifi\  also  the  col lecter,  whose  duty  it  is  to  have  a  general  vigilance  over  all  the 
operation,  more  particularly  by  the  application  of  the  u])praiser,  as  well  also  the  com- 
mander of  the  guaids,  or  the  ofiiccr  who  is  on  duty  in  his  stead. 

III.  The  examining  or  revising  of  the  merchandise  must  be  done  publicly ;  in  conse- 
quence all  perHons  who  wish  can  be  present. 

Art.  69.  I.  Of  each  hundred  packages,  without  the  exception  of  those  that  contain 
goods  free  of  duty,  there  can  be  opened  and  revised  at  the  least  ten,  which  are  called 
indiscriminately  by  the  collector,  commander  of  the  guards,  and  appraiser ;  yet,  when 
there  are  motives  of  doubt  respecting  the  measurement,  weight,  value,  or  class  of 
goods,  the  examination  cau  be  extended  to  ten  packages  more  |  even  the  goods  in  all 
the  packages  cau  be  revised  if  there  is  any  foundation  of  doubt  or  suspicion  that  there 
is  any  intention  to  commit  fraud.  In  the  cases,  as  in  fraction  III  of  article  27  of  this 
tarift',  all  the  packages  of  the  cargo  can  b^  opened  and  revised. 

II.  The  efibrts  that  the  interested  parties  may  make  as  to  modifications  in  the  quoted 
duties,  in  the  dispatch  of  the  merchandise,  will  not  make  it  necessary  to  detain  the 
operations  of  the  custom-house. 

HI.  When  for  any  difierence  there  continues  a  lawsuit  before  any  of  the  tribunals, 
and  the  interested  party  wishes  the  dispatch  of  his  goods  before  waiting  the  issue  of 
said  suit,  there  cannot  be  admitted  by  the  custom-house  any  bond,  only  payment  in 
money  as  a  deposit,  the  custom-house  reserving  in  these  cases  a  sample  of  the  goods 
or  merchandise  that  have  originated  the  difference. 

IV.  In  cose  of  any  dispute  respecting  the  application  of  the  quofed  duties  between 
ihe  importer  of  the  merchandise  and  the  custom-house,  the  corresponding  duties  will 
bo  covered  according  to  the  judgment  of  the  collector,  in  the  consideration  that  for 
any  later  decision,  either  Judicially  or  a<lministrative,  that  a  restitution  has  to  be 
made,  which  will  be  done,  making  the  respective  entry,  which  must  be  in  conformity 
with  the  order  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury. 

Art.  70.  I.  The  revision  and  dispatch  of  the  merchandise  being  conclnded,  a  liqui- 
dation of  the  duties  will  be  formed,  which  will  be  satisfir  d  by  the  payment  in  cash  by 
the  interested  person,  and  if  he  wishes  to  take  the  same  before  such  liquidation  is  con- 
cluded, a  bond  will  be  asked  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  collector;  in  case  he  cannot  or 
does  not  wish  to  give  bond,  there  will  be  left  on  deposit  in  the  warehouse  of  the  cus- 
tom-house the  part  of  the  effects  which  the  collector  thinks  of  sufficient  value  to  cover 
the  amount  of  duties. 

II.  The  collector  of  the  maritime  custom-houses  can  admit  the  bonds  indicated  for 
the  duties  on  special  permits,  or  those  for  a  ship  when  determined,  or  for  those  that  are 
^ '  Vdue  by  any  importer  during  a  definite  time  that  does  not  exceed  six  months. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  327 

III.  The  bond  named  is  made  before  the  collector  and  cashier  of  the  cnstom-hoascr 
by  persons  who  concur  in  the  circamstances  established  by  the  laws  to  the  satisfao' 
tiou  and  under  the  responsibility  of  the  collector.  These  bonds  are  kept  in  a  book 
that  is  kept  in  the  custom-house  destined  for  that  exclusive  purpose. 

IV.  The  bonds  that  were  for  receiving  goods  from  the  warehonses  before  the  conclu' 
aion  of  the  liquidation  ought  to  be  canceled  in  ^he  act  when  the  duties  are  paid. 

V.  The  expenses  that  are  caused  by  the  revision,  examining,  dispatching,  or  liquid 
dations  are  for  account  of  the  importer,  in  conformity  with  the  laws,  the  same  um 
those  of  the  employes  who  intervened  in  the  operations. 

VI.  The  compulsory  and  economical  action  for  the  recovery  of  the  duties  due  to  the 
Oovernmeut.  and  as  found  mentioned  in  this  article,  can  be  recovered  conjointly  against 
the  principal  debtor  and  his  bondsmen,  and  to  this  end  the  latter,  in  giving  the  bond, 
will  renounce  the  benetits  of  proceedings  by  order  and  seizure. 

Art.  71.  Incase  the  goods  are  damaged  an  abatement  will  be  made  in  the  duties 
in  proportion  to  the  demerit  of  the  merchandise,  saving  the  exceptions  expressed  in 
this  turifi*.  To  qualify  such  abatement  will  unite  the  appraiser,  commander  of  the 
guards,  and  two  merchants  named  by  the  interested  party  from  among  four  that  have 
been  named  by  the  collector ;  if  they  are  all  in  conformity  or  by  m^ority  of  votes  they 
will  make  the  revision  of  the  goods  that  have  suffered  detriment^  making  an  act  in 
writing  which  will  remain  in  the  custom-house  as  a  proof  of  the  corresponding  entries, 
sending  a  copy  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury. 

The  collector  or  the  officer  whom  he  may  name  to  act  in  his  stead  has  to  be  present 
to  assist  in  such  qualification,  and  in  case  of  any  dispute  must  decide  the  question, 
giving  justice  to  all  parties. 

From  this  decision  there  is  no  appeal. 

Art.  72.  Inflammable  materials,  for  them  alone  or  by  their  contact  with*others, 
and  the  corrosives  whose  introduction  into  the  warehouses  of  the  custom-house  might 
occasion  a  fire,  will  always  be  dispatched  on  the  wharf,  coming  precisely  in  separate 
packages ;  not  under  any  pretext  can  they  be  introduced  into  such  warehouses. 

Art.  73.  Should  there  be  found  in  the  warehouses  of  the  custom-house  one  or  more 
packages  that  contain  inflammable  or  corrosive  materials,  even  in  the  smallest  quan- 
tity, the  collector  will  punish  the  consignee  by  fining  him  from  |500  to  $1,000. 

Chapter  XV. 

the  adjustment  and  payment  of  duties. 

Art.  74.  I.  The  adjustment  and  liquidation  of  the  duties  of  importation  shall  be 
done  precisely  in  the  term  of  twenty-five  days,  countiug  from  the  day  on  which  the 
vessel  that  brought  the  merchandise  concluded  her  discharge.  During  this  time  mer- 
chants can  store  their  goods  in  the  warehouses  of  the  custom-house,  or  take  them  out 
afler  they  are  dispatched,  subjecting  themselves  to  the  fixed  regulations,  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding chapter. 

II.  The  liquidation  being  terminated,  the  payment  of  the  duties  must  be  made  at 
once  and  in  effective  money. 

Art.  75.  Once  the  goods  are  dispatched  from  the  custom-house,  the  duties  cannot 
be  returned  under  any  motive,  except  in  case  of  error  in  account.  For  this  restitu- 
tion, or  to  verify  whatever  other,  must  be  proceeded  with  in  respective  order  to  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  leaving  the  collectors  obliged  to  remit  officially  to  said  sec- 
retary the  corresponding  information,  the  steps  he  has  taken,  and  for*  what  cause  he 
presents  such  information. 

Art.  76.  If  the  appraiser  in  revising  the  merchandise  finds  the  result  less  in  length, 
weight,  measurement,  or  number  than  what  is  expressed  in  the  permit  of  dispatch, 
the  duties  will  be  covered  on  what  is  expressed  in  such  permits. 

Chapter  XVI. 

the  transit  of  foreign  merchandise  in  the  territories  of  the  republic. 

Art.  77.  I.  The  permission  in  trausit  is  granted  for  the  transmission  of  foreign  mer- 
chandise through  the  territory  of  tbe  republic,  the  frontier  cust'Om-houses  near  the 
coast,  the  ports  near  to  the  custom-houses  of  introduction,  and  vice  versa;  the  ports  of 
the  republic  nearest  to.  the  frontiers,  the  frontier  custom-houses  nearest  to  the  ports 
of  introduction. 

II.  The  transit  of  foreign  merchandise  will  also  be  permitted  from  one  port  to-another 
of  the  republic  under  the  preventions  contained  in  this  chapter,  and  the  regulations  and 
other  dispositions  which  in  each  cu^e,  and  under  the  circumstaucca  the  executive  mjy 
dictate,  prevent,  and  impede  contraband ;  they  cau  refuse  wholly  or  partiftlly  such 
permit  in- transit  when,  in  their  judgment,  they  think  there  is  danger  of  any  abuse  of 


328  TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTfilES. 

such  privilege  to  dcfrand  the  excheqaer,  without  necessity  to  give  time  nor  to  advise 
in  anticipation. 

III.  The  employ^  of  the  port  or  frontier  custom-house  that  gives  entry  to  goods  in 
transit  exercise  in  respect  to  them  all  the  faculties  that  the  laws  concede,  relative  to 
the  foreign  merchandise  destined  for  consumption  in  the  republic. 

The  efi^ts  in  transit  can  be  examined  when  passing  the  national  territory  by  the 
iiscal  ugentsof  the  federal  Government. 

IV.  Ihe  merchandise  in  transit  comes  accompanied  by  corresponding  invoices  and 
manifests,  with  the  certificate  of  the  respective  consuls,  iu  the  form  and  terms  as  ex- 
pressed in  articles  24  and  liO  of  this  tariff,  respecting  foreign  merchandise  that  is  im- 
ported for  consumption  iu  the  republic. 

y.  For  the  discharge  and  dispatch  of  the  goods  in  transit,  whatever  may  be  their 
class  or  quantity,  it  is  necessary  to  present  in  triplicate  the  respective  petitions,  as 
per  model  No.  10,  to  the  cubtom-house,  so  that  the  merchandise  can  be  revised  at  once, 
practicing  the  corresponding  operations  to  ask  the  **guia,"  or  document  of  transit, 
which  must  precisely  go  with  the  mentioned  goods,  which  **  guia,"  or  document  of 
transit,  must  have  fastened  to  it  one  of  the  copies  of  the  petition. 

YI.  The  foreign  merchandise  in  transit  pays,  when  the  document  of  intemation  has 
been  given  at  the  port  or  frontier  custom-house  where  it  arrived,  5  per  cent,  in  money 
of  the  duties  of  importation  fixed  in  this  tariff,  and  one  dollar  for  each  two  hundred 
pounds  gross  weight.  These  duties  are  the  only  ones  paid  to  the  federal  treasury 
of  goods  simply  in  transit,  l>eing  free  from  all  other  additional  and  even  municipal 
charges  wherever  the  locality  by  which  they  are  conducted. 

\ll.  Foreign  coffee  transported  through  the  national  territory  will  not  pay  the  duty 
of  one  dollar  per  package  when  the  distance,  crossed  before  leaving  the  republic,  does 
not  excasd  30  leagues.* 

VIII.  Goods  transported  go  by  the  rout«  designated  in  the  **  guia,"  In  case  the  con- 
ductors deviate  from  the  route  designated  the  goods  and  beasta  and  carts  conducting 
them  are  confiscated. 

IX.  The  per^ns  introducing  the  effects  in  transit  give  a  bond  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  collector  of  the  respective  custom-houses  for  the  total  amonnt  of  import  duties 
which  correspond  to  the  goods,  that  iu  case  when  the  time  that  was  given  has  ex- 
pired, and  the  respective  return  documents  have  not  been  presented. 

The  time  being  concluded  for  presenting  the  return  document,  as  named  in  the  orig- 
inal permit,  without  such  presentation  having  taken  place,  then  the  bond  will  be 
made  effective  without  any  allegation  whatever  to  the  contrary. 

X.  The  time  for  the  presentation  of  the  return  document  is  one  day  for  each  three 
leagues  that  the  goods  have  to  travel  to  get  out  of  the  national  territory,  and  ten  days 
more  for  each  piece  of  fifty  leagues  without  exceeding  the  total  time  of  three  months, 
in  the  cases  as  in  iraction  I  of  this  article,  and  six  months  as  in  that  of  II. 

XI.  When  the  merchandise  in  transit  arrives  at  the  port  or  frontier  custom-house  to 
leave  the  country,  the  packages  will  again  be  examined  by  the  collector  of  the  port 
appraiser  and  commander  of  the  guards,  confronting  the  same  with  the  petition  that 
ought  to  be  fastened  with  the  transit  document  or  pass,  and  fin4ing  everything  in  con- 
formity they  will  give  the  return  document. 

XII.  When  in  the  revision  that  has  to  be  made  in  the  custom-houses  where  the 
goods  in  transit  enter,  appear  differences  in  the  documents  that  have  come  from  the 
original  port,  or  in  dispatching  in  the  custom-house  from  where  sent,  are  differences 
in  the  documents  extended  by  the  transit,  the  penalties  established  in  this  tariff  will 
be  applied,  considering  the  merchandise  as  a  common  or  ordinary  importation,  and  un- 
der the  same  basis  and  quotas,  and  not  in  the  part  proportional  to  them  as  in  the 
duties  of  transit. 

XIII.  The  preventions  contained  in  this  chapter  are  not  applied  to  the  merchandise 
iu  transit  by  lines  of  railroads,  whose  owners  have  celebrated  contracts  with  the 
Mexican  Government  that  contain  special  stipulations  as  to  transit  of  merchandise 
and  passengers,  which  stipulations  ought  to  be  the  same  as  the  respective  regulations 
that  have  been  issued  by  the  executive. 

Chapter  XVII. 

OF  EXPORT. 

(See  note  2,  Appendix  A.) 

Art.  78.  I.  All  the  products  and  national  manufactures,  with  the  exception  of  Mexi- 
can antiquities,  are  free  of  duties  when  exported,  which  exportation  continues  pro- 


*  One  league = about  2.6  miles. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         329 

hibited,  and  the  gold,  silver,  precious  woods  aud  orcbilia,  which  pay  the  duties,  as 
follows: 

II.  Coined  silver  money  in  dollar  pieces  that  go  to  the  ports  and  frontier  custoni- 
houi»es,  pay  in  the  place  of  their  extraction  5  per  cent,  and  gold  ^  per  ceut.  (This 
has  been  abolished ;  it  now  pays  at  the  place  of  exportation.     See  Appendix  A.) 

III.  Small  coins  of  gold  or  silver  that  go  to  the  ports  and  frontier  custom- houses 
for  circulation,  pay  at  exportation  the  5  per  cent,  and  a  half  per  cent.,  as  cited  in  the 
fraction  above. 

IV.  Gold  or  silver  in  coin,  in  bullion,  or  In  silver  work  that  is  seut  to  the  ports  nnd 
frontier  custom-houses  for  exportation  and  circulation,  travel  with  the  respective  jiass 
that  is  issned  and  given  by  the  chiefs  of  the  federal  treasury  othce,  if  the  valuables 
leave  the  place  where  he  resides. 

The  chief  of  the  stamp  office  belonging  to  other  places  from  where  the  money  comes, 
or  the  chief  collector  of  the  taxes  in  the  federal  district,  if  it  comes  from  that  place. 

V.  A.  Silver  bullion  pays  at  the  time  of  exportation  5  per  cent,  as  duty  of  cxjwr- 
tation,  $4.41  per  hundred  on  the  same  value  as  duty  of  coinage,  aud  $2  for  a  piece  that 
does  not  exceed  135  marks  for  revenue  and  assay. 

B.  Gold  bullion  pays  at  its  exportation  ^  per  cent,  on  its  value  as  export  duty  ; 
4.618  per  cent,  on  the  same  value  for  coinage  duty,  and  $2  that  does  not  exceed  l:i5 
marks  as  a  revenue  and  assay  duty. 

C.  Silver  bullion  extracted  from  mines  of  the  territory  of  Lower  California  \)ixyH  as 
export  a  single  duty  of  5  per  cent,  on  its  value,  calculated  at  $8  for  one  silver  mark. 

Yl.  Worked  silver  in  any  form  shall  pay  5  per  cent,  of  its  value  upon  exportation 
without  prejudicing  the  duty  for  assaying  and  smelting,  which  must  be  paid. 

VII.  Foreign  coined  gold  and  silver  shall  not  pay  export  duties,  but  carriers  of  such 
money  are  obliged  to  provide  themselves  with  corresponding  permits  to  carry  said 
money  to  the  ports. 

VIII.  Coined  gold  or  silver,  and  silver  wrought  or  in  bullion,  destined  for  export 
or  circulation  in  ports  and  frontier  towns,  that  travel  without  the  permit  provitled 
for  in  fraction  IV  of  this  article,  shall  fall  under  the  penalty  of  couhscatiou,  remain- 
ing in  all  the  rest  subject  to  the  conditions  of  the  same  article. 

IX.  A.  (See  note  1,  Appendix  A.)  Wood  for  construction  aud  for  cabinet  work  shall 
pay  $1.55  per  ton's  weight  when  exported  from  a  qualified  port. 

B.  When  export  is  made  from  a  point  on  the  coast  not  qualified,  shall  be  paid  in 
the  custom-house  which  authorized  the  corresponding  permit,  $1.55  for  each  ton 
which  the  exporting  vessel  measures,  without  other  deduction  than  which  is  occupied 
by  national  effects,  previously  loaded  in  the  same. 

C.  The  wood  which  is  shipped  npon  the  dock  shall  pay  $1.55  per  ton,  besides  that 
which  it  may  have  paid  for  that  which  the  vessel  measures  under  the  penalties,  in 
case  of  exporting  clandestinely,  of  the  loss  of  the  wood. 

X.  Archil  shall  pay  an  export  duty  of  $10  per  ton. 

XI.  Vessels,  foreign  and  national,  which  arrive  in  ballast  at  ports  of  coasting  trade 
with  the  exclnsive  object  of  loading  stock  or  wood,  are  not  obliged  to  solicit  ))ermits 
for  loading  from  the  maritime  custom-house,  having  to  bring  in  'every  case  the  cor- 
responding manifest,  according  to  the  provisions  in  part  III  of  article  31  of  thi"  tariff 
law. 

XII.  Vessels  to  which  the  preceding  prevention  refers  cannot  arrive  at  any  bar  or 
roadstead  which  is  not  the  coast  port  mentioned  in  its  manifest,  except  in  case  ot  ne- 
cessity, in  which  case  it  shall  proceed  according  to  the  preventions  contained  in  Chap- 
ter X  of  this  tariff  law. 

XIII.  Seaport  custom-houses  shall  prevent  the  carrying  from  the  country,  from 
whatever  coast-point  to  the  qualified  ports,  in  vessels  with  or  without  decks,  under 
the  vigilance  which  they  consider  sufflciimt  for  avoiding  fraud. 

XI V.  For  the  exportation  of  national  fruits  and  effects,  petitions  in  quadruplicate 
shall  be  presented,  according  to  model  No.  11,  subjecting  said  exportation  to  the  pro- 
visions in  the  general  regulations  of  the  maritime  and  frontier  custom-houses. 

Art.  79.  National  vessels,  and  in  fault  of  them,  foreign  vessels,  after  having  fin- 
ished discharging  in  the  port  or  ports  to  which  they  may  have  come  destined,  shall 
be  able  to  pass  to  any  coast-point,  even  when  there  is  no  custom-house,  even  for  coast- 
trade,  with  the  object  of  loading  national  effects,  having  previously  obtained  the  per- 
mission of  the  collector  of  the  corresponding  custom-house. 

Chapter  XVIII. 

PASSENGERS    AND  THEIR   BAGGAGE. 

Art.  80.  The  following  rules  shall  be  observed  for  the  landing  of  passengers  and  the 
dispatch  of  their  baggage. 

I.  All  foreigners  that  arrive  at  the  ports  of  the  republic  can  land  as  soon  as  the 
vessel  comes  to  anchor,  with  their  baggage,  and  when  the  landing  is  at' night  or  at  an 


330         TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

hour  when  the  castom-hoiuie  is  closed,  each  passenger  shall  he  permitted  to  carry  with 
him  a  small  halk  coDtaining  only  clothing  for  nse. 

II.  The  examination  of  baggage  shall  be  made  with  liberality,  prodence,  and  mod- 
eration. The  passengers  shaU  not  be  detained  more  time  than  is  indispensable  iVu-  the 
examination  or  the  packages  which  they  bring,  and  if  foreigners  are  not  able  to  un- 
derstand or  speak  the  Spanish  lan^iage,  any  of  the  employes  who  can  interpret  shall 
assist  and  advise  them  of  the  requisites  and  formalities  to  which  they  are  subject. 

III.  Respecting  clothing  and  personal  adornments,  the  qualitication  of  the  quantity 
and  quality  which  will  not  cause  duty  wilt  be  arranged  by  the  just  prudence  of  the 
collectors. 

lY.  The  following  other  clothing  and  ornaments  the  passengers  can  import  free  of 
duties : 

A.  Two  watches  and  chains. 

B.  One  hundred  cigars ;  40  packs  cigarettes. 

C.  One-half  kilogram  of  snuff. 

D.  One-half  kilogram  smoking  tobacco. 

£.  One  brace  of  pistols,  equipments,  and  up  to  200  charges. 

F.  One  sword. 

O.  One  rifle,  musket,  or  gun,  equipments,  and  up  to  200  charges. 

H.  Oue  pair  of  musical  instruments,  except  pianos  or  organs. 

y.  All  effects  not  comprehended  in  the  above  concessions,  and  which  are  brought 
by  passengers  in  small  lots  for  any  gift,  will  pay  the  duties  fixed  in  the  tariff,  having 
to  make  a  ihanifestation  of  them,  specifying  them,  which  shall  be  presented  at  the 
custom-house  before  veHfying  their  dispatch. 

VI.  When  used  furniture  comes  in  the  equipage  of  the  passengers,  account  shall  be 
taken  of  its  damage  in  order  to  adjust  the  duties. 

VII.  If  the  passengers  are  artists  of  anjir  opera  company,  dramatic,  comedy  or  ot  her, 
bcHides  the  general  exceptions  conceded  in  the  previous  articles,  It  is  permitted  them 
to  introduce  free  of  duty  their  property  and  necessary  adornments  with  such  as  go  to 
form  part  of  their  equipage  and  that  are  not  excessive  in  quantity.  When  collectors 
think  that  there  is  abuse  in  the  introduction  they  will  form  an  invoice  and  collect  55 
per  cent,  on  the  value,  or  appraisement,  which  will  be  done  in  the  same  form  which  ia 
provided  for  goods  that  pay  on  their  appraisement. 

Abt.  81.  Collectors  will  make  certain  that  there  be  distribilted  among  the  passen- 

fers  before  the  dispatch  of  their  baggage  printed  copies  of  this  chapter  in  Spanish, 
'rench,  English,  and  Oerman,  that  they  may  be  informed  of  the  obligations  to  which 
they  are  subject. 

Art.  82.  Excepted  to  the  provisions  referred  to  in  Article  80  are  the  equipages 
brought  by  foreign  ministers  accredited  near  the  Government  of  the  Republic,  whose 
equipages  will  not  be  registered. 

Chapter  XIX. 

INTERNATION. 

Art.  83.  Foreign  goods  which  have  paid  import  duties  according  to  this  tariff  can 
be  iutemated  to  other  parts  of  the  Republic,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  following 
articles. 

Art.  84.  I.  In  intemating  forei^  effects  the  shipper  shall  present  to  the  custom- 
house a  duplicate  petition  according  to  model  No.  9  (see  Appendix  A'^,  one  of  which 
shall  have  the  proper  stamp  according  to  fraction  VIII,  Article  106,  of  this  tariff. 

The  duplicate  does  not  need  stamps. 

The  treasurer  of  the  custom-house  shall  certify  at  the  foot  of  same  model  that  the 
import  duties  are  paid  or  secure  to  be  paid  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  collector,  and  in 
this  permission  shall  be  given  the  permit  to  leave,  which  shall  be  noted  in  the  proper 
gariias  (guard-house).  This  permit  will  cover  the  merchandise  until  its  final  destina- 
tion. 

II.  The  same  petition  shall  be  presented  to  the  custom-house  for  the  introduction 
of  foreign  effects  which  are  free  of  duty,  this  fact  being  certified  at  the  foot  by  the 
auditor. 

III.  The  tustom-house  shall  not  dispatch* documente  of  internation  if  those  inter- 
ested do  not  arrange  the  merchandise  according  to  legal  forms.  - 

Art.  85.  I.  The  document  mentioned  in  the  previous  article  being  the  evidence  that 
the  ^oods  have  paid  the  import  dutien,  all  foreign  merchandise  proceeding  from  any 
custom-house  and  travels  without  such  document  is  subject  to  the  payment  of  triple 
dui  ies,  and  shall  be  seized  wben  discovered,  notifying  the  owner  or  conductor,  so  tbat 
he  can  choose  the  judicial  or  administrative  proceedings  in  the  terms  provided  by 
Article  91  of  this  tariff. 

This  notification  shall  be  made  to  the  office  of  the  treasury  in  the  State  where  the 
seizure  was  made  by  the  chief  of  the  respective  section  of  the  counter-guiirds,  or  to 
the  principal  tax  office  in  the  federal  district. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         331 

II.  The  choice  of  methods  of  proceedings  mentioned  in  the  previoas  article  must 
be  made  by  the  end  of  twenty-ioar  hours  after  the  receipt  of  the  goods  in  the  corre- 
apouding  federal  office,  to  the  end  that  justice  in  the  same  may  be  established  and  fol- 
lowed, whether  it  be  administrative  or  the  case  consigned  to  the  district  court  for  the 
choice)  of  the  interested,  or  in  general,  when  bodily  fines  may  be  imposed,  besides  the 
triple  doties. 

III.  Tho«e  that  intemate  foreign  merchandise  by  the  frontiers  of  the  Republic  are 
obliged  to  return  to  the  custom-house  the  intemation  documents  within  the  date  which 
the  collectors  fix  as  prudent. 

IV.  The  foreign  merchandise  referred  to  in  the  previoas  fraction  can  be  examined 
by  the  counter  guards  or  treasury  officers  while  in  transit,  and  federal  employes  mak- 
ing the  examination  shall  note  on  the  said  documents. 

V.  At  the  place  of  final  destination  of  foreign  merchandise  proceeding  from  the 
frontiers,  the  intemation  documents  shall  be  viewed  by  the  treasury  officials  in  the 
capitals  of  States,  by  the  chief  collector  of  taxes  in  the  federal  district,  and  by  the 
oollector  of  stamp  taxes  in  any  other  locality. 

VI.  The  a^t  of  viewing  these  documents  shall  be  verified  by  copying  in  a  book. 
The  said  document  shall  be  returned  to  the  interested  parties,  certified  that  they 

have  been  copied  with  exactness,  expressing  the  page  of  said  copy,  from  which  they 
have  the  right  to  give  certifications  that  are  asked  by  those  interested. 

VII.  Goods  introdoced  to  be  exported  can  be  sold  in  whole  or  in  part  while  in  tran- 
sit, provided  the  owner  or  person  in  charge  of  them  gotsbefot>e  the  companies,  or  sec- 
tions of  the  counter-guard,  or  the  respective  treasury  chiefs,  which  officers  shall  ir.ake 
the  proper  note  on  the  intemation  documents,  previously  confronting  the  merchandise 
with  the  documents  which  cover  them. 

VIII.  Merchants  intemating  merchandise  by  the  frontiers,  and  who  without  just 
cause  do  not  return  the  intemation  documents  named  in  fraction  III  of  this  article 
within  the  designated  time,  incur  the  penalty  of  a  fine  consisting  of  r>0  per  cent,  of 
the  import  duties,  to  the  end  that  proper  bond  be  given  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  col- 
lector, and  under  the  responsibility  of  this,  before  expediting  the  respective  intema- 
tion documents. 

IX.  The  documents  returned  to  the  custom-houses  shall  be  noted  for  this  and  filed 
as  vouchers  in  the  book  of  proceedings,  to  be  remitted  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury 
every  four  months,  with  a  statement  showing  the  documents  expedited  and  those 
settled. 

X.  The  packages  whose  intemation  is  asked  at  the  frontier  custom-houses  shall  be 
presented  to  be  crossed,  in  presence  of  th^  designated  employ<S  of  the  custom-house, 
with  hempen  cords  solidly  adjusted  and  fastened  at  the  ends  by  a  lead  seal  containing 
the  name  of  the  office  and  other  things  directed  by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  thai) 
he  may  deem  advisable.  , 

The  seals  are  furnished  by  the  custom-house,  which  will  keep  proper  account  of 
them.  When  the  custom-houses  have  none  of  these  seals,  this  fact  will  be  stated  by 
the  collector  upon  the  intemation  documents. 

XI.  Packages  of  foreign  merchandise  proceeding  from  the  frontiers  and  which  with 
out  just  cause  go  on  the  road  without  the  seals  provided  in  the  previous  fraction,  even 
when  they  carry  the  corresj)ondin^  interftation  document,  shall  paj'  therefor  25  i)ei 
centum  of  the  proper  import  duty  in  the  offices  of  the  respective  treasury  chiefs,  and 
the  documents  shall  not  be  vised  until  the  said  duty  has  been  satisfied. 

XII.  The  fine  fixed  in  the  previous  fraction  lor  goods  which  go  without  seals  is 
intended  to  find  out  without  prejudice  if  they  are  contraband ;  being  without  said  seal 
without  just  cause  is  sufficient  reason  for  detaining. 

Chapter  XX. 

CONTRABAND  AND  PENALTIES. 

Art.  86.  These  are  cases  of  contraband : 

I.  The  clandestine  introduction  of  goods  by  the  coasts,  ports,  river- banks,  or  other 
points  not  qualified  for  foreign  commerce. 

II.  The  introduction  of  merchandise  by  the  ports  or  frontiers  without  the  documents 

Provided  in  this  tariff  or  in  unusual  hours,  to  avoid  the  intervention  of  the  custom- 
ouse  emploj^^  and  the  payment  of  duties. 

III.  The  discharge^  bringing  in,  or  carrying  goods  to  the  ports  and  frontiers  with- 
out the  previous  consent  of  the  custom-house  employ^  and  without  the  formalitieH 
provided  bv  this  tariff. 

IV.'  Falsiifying  the  quantity  or  quality  of  goods  which  properly  manifested  pay  more 
duties. 

V.  The  omission  of  one  or  more  packages  of  a  vessel's  cargo  from  the  general  mani- 
fest which  the  captain  is  bound  to  carry. 

VI.  The4nterna(ion  of  goods  without  documents  accrediting  their  legal  entry  and 
payment  oi  the  corresponding  duties. 


332  TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Art.  87.  Id  the  cases  of  contraband  enumerated  in  the  previons  article,  there  are 
imposed  the  fines  expressed  by  the  following : 

I.  For  the  cases  expressed  in  fractions  I,  fi,  and  III  of  article  86  is  imposed  a  fine  of 
confiscation  of  all  the  goods,  vesselSi  carts,  teams,  and  mules,  in  or  by  which  they  are 
conducted,  and  the  arms  of  the  conductors  when  they  make  resistance. 

II.  For  the  cases  specified  in  fraction  IV  of  the  previons  article  is  imposed  a  fine  of 
paying  double  duties,  from  those  who  made  the  importation  of  the  effect«  conformable 
to  this  tariff,  calculating  the  double  duties  on  the  quantity  falsely  manifested  when, 
it  is  on  quality. 

When  in  the  importation  of  goods  the  falsifying  is  made  at  the  same  time  there 
shall  be  applied  only  the  penalty  of  double  duties  over  the  total  of  goods  faluified. 

When  the  difference  in  quantity  that  is  found  on  examination  of  the  ^oods  does  not 
exceed  3  per  cent,  of  what  is  manifested  in  the  respective  documents,  it  shall  not  be 
considered  a  case  of  contraband,  and  in  consequence  there  shall  not  be  imposed  a  hue, 
the  extra  duties  being  paid  as  per  the  tariff. 

III.  For  the  case  specified  in  fraction  V  of  the  previous  article  there  is  imposed  a 
fine  of  paying  triple  duties  to  those  of  the  tariff,  on  the  merchandise  contained  in  the 
package  or  packages  brought  outside  of  the  manifest,  in  case  theii'  owner  is  in  the 
port. 

If  nobody  is  present  to  reclaim  them  the  collector  shall  consign  the  business  to  the 
district  judffe  to  determine  what  is  advisable. 

IV.  For  the  case  specified  in  fraction  VI  of  the  preceding  article  is  imposed  a  fine 
of  triple  duties.  If  this  penalty  cannot  be  made  enective  by  reason  of  the  absence  of 
the  owner  of  the  goods  or  for  other  reason,  they  are  confiscated,  also  the  trains  (mules; 
and  carts  that  carry  them  according  to  fraction  I  of  this  article,  consigning  the  case  at 
once  t^  the  judicial  authority. 

y.  Besides  the  previous  money  fines  the  authors  of  the  contraband  or  fraud  ou  the 
fiscal  duties,  the  accomplices,  receivers,  and  the  employes  that  connive  with  any  of 
the  preceding,  shall  be  punished  with  the  corporal  penalties  which  are  expressed  in 
the  lollowlng : 

VI.  For  the  cases  specified  in  fraetions  I,  II,  and  III  of  article  86,  the  owners,  con- 
ductors, captains,  or  whatever  persons  carrying  the  effects,  if  apprehended,  the  respon- 
sible ones  shall  be  consigned  to  the  judge  of  the  proper  district,  in  case  that  the  amount 
of  the  duties  that  are  discovered  exceed  $200,  and  in  case  of  condemnation  shall  suffer 
five  years'  imprisonment  and  the  publication  of  their  names  in  the  newspapers. 

If  it  is  proved  that  any  established  commercial  house  in  the  republic  has  made  or 
aided  contraband,  besides  the  previous  penalties  applicable  to  their  cases  th^ir  signa- 
tures shall  be  nullified  for  all  matters  and  transactions  with  the  public  treasury,  and 
they  shall  not  be  admitted  in  any  official  or  commercial  act  by  Government  officers. 

VII.  In  all  the  other  cases  expressed  in  article  86  shall  be  imposed  a  bodily  fine  of 
from  two  months  to  five  years'  bodily  imprisonment  under  the  following  basis : 

If  the  amount  of  duties  defrauded  exceeds  $200  without  exceeding  $1,000,  it  shall  be 
imprisonment  for  six  months ;  if  it  exceeds  $1,000  without  reaching  |2,000,  twice  that 
time;  above $2,000  and  not  reaching  $3,000,  triple  that  time,  and  so  on  successively, 
not  exceeding  the  maximum  of  five  years. 

VIII.  Collectors  of  customs  shall  only  comsign  to  the  respective  district  judgeships 
those  cases  of  fraud  or  contraband  when  the  difference  of  the  duties  defrauded  is  more 
than  $200  for  a  single  article,  and  not  those  in  which  the  sums  of  different  parts  that 
are  found  in  the  dispatch  of  the  invoice  exceed  the  amount  of  $200,  in  which  cases 
shall  be  observed  the  disposition  of  article  91. 

Art.  88.  The  importation  of  false  money  of  whatever  coinage  shall  be  considered  as 
indicating  that  the  importer  intends  to  commit  fraud  with  it,  and  in  consequence  the 
responsible  persons  are  to  be  apprehended  and  criminally  judged,  imposing  the  fines 
established  by  the  common  laws.  In  this  case  the  collector  of  customs  shall  retain 
and  render  useless  the  money,  rendering  immediately  to  the  proper  judge  the  criminal 
or  criminals  without  bail  or  other  administrative  recourse  that  can  take  place  in  other 
cases,  according  to  this  tariff. 

Chapter  XXI. 

FRAUD  AND  PENALTIES. 

Art.  89.  These  are  cases  of  fraud : 

I.  Additions  made  by  captains  or  consignees  to  the  manifest  and  consular  invoices, 
placing  themselves  in  concurrence  with  the  employes  of  the  custom-house  or  counter- 
guard  to  falsify  in  quantity  or  quality  the  goods  expressed  in  said  document*. 

II.  Connivance  with  the  employes  to  delay  the  fixed  examination  of  the  packages, 
or  to  pass  the  time  to  verify  the  dispatch,  in  order  to  falsify  in  quantity  or  quality  of 
the  merchandise. 

III.  Unloading  or  loading  dutiable  goods,  verified  with  the  consent  or  by  the  care- 
lessness of  an  employ^  without  having  paid  said  duty. 

IV.  The  inter  nation  of  eftects  with  fraudulent  documents. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         333 

Art.  90.  In  tho  cases  of  frand  eunmerated  in  the  preceding  article  shall  be  imposed 
the  lines  expressed  by  what  follows : 

I.  For  that  contained  in  fraction  I  of  the  preceding  article  is  imposed  a  fme  of  pay- 
ing double  duties  on  the  additional  effects,  the  judge  assigning  the  responsible  persona 
and  the  others  the  payment  of  a  fine  of  from  f200  to  $3,000,  which  the  captain  or  con- 
signee shall  satisfy  in  his  respective  case. 

II.  Employes  who  become  accomplices  in  the  fraud  referred  to  in  fraction  II  of  the 
previous  article  shall  be  dismissed  from  their  offices  and  consigned  to  the  proper  judge 
lu  order  to  impose  the  punishment  due  to  suffer  according  to  the  circumstances  of  the 
crime. 

In  this  case  the  whole  cargo  shall  be  examined  and  the  consignee  or  any  other  per- 
son who  has  procured  the  commission  of  the  crime  shall  suffer  a  fine  of  from  $500  to 
12,000. 

III.  For  the  cases  mentioned  in  fraction  III  of  the  previous  article  shall  be  imposed 
a  fine  of  losing  the  goods,  found  on  the  route,  loading  or  unloading,  loaded  or  un- 
loaded, and  the  apparent  owner  of  the  goods  will  pay  a  fine  of  from  $500  to  $2,000, 
according  to  the  importance  of  the  case. 

The  employ^  or  employes  complicated  in  this  fraud  shall  immediately  lose  their 
positions  and  be  judged  by  the  respective  tribunals  for  the  crime  of  abuse  of  confi- 
dence. 'If  the  captain  of  the  ship  is  accomplice  in  the  fraud  he  shall  pay  a  fine  equal 
to  that  imposed  upon  the  apparent  owner. 

lY.  For  the  case  marked  by  fraction  IV  of  the  previous  article  is  imposed  a  fine  of 
paying  triple  import  duties,  the  abandonment  of  the  employd  who  prepared  the  docu- 
ments and  of  the  chiefs  who  aathorized  them  with  their  signatures  or  stamp  (^vista 
buena). 

The  employ^  connected  with  the  act  will  be  consigned  to  the  proper  judge  to  impose 
the  corresponding  fine  according  to  the  circumstances  of  the  crime. 

y.  The  employ^  found  complicated  with  the  mentioned  crimes  shall  suffer  the  cor- 
responding fines  with  the  understanding  that  tho  penalty  of  imprisonment  that  ia 
applicable  to  them  shall  never  be  less  than  double  the  time  imposed  upon  tho  princi- 
pal delinquent  or  delinquents  of  the  contraband  or  fraud. 

Chapter  XXII. 

JUDGMENTS. 

-  Abt.  91.  I.  Immediately  when  occurs  a  case  of  contraband,  firaud,  or  fault  of  observ* 
ance  of  what  is  provided  in  this  tariff,  which  brings  a  fine  that  is  not  corporal,  the 
collector  shall  require  the  interested  ones  that  witlun  the  period  of  24  hours  they 
manifest  in  writing  their  choice  of  proceedings,  before  the  collector  or  in  the  courts,, 
to  decide  the  case. 

When  the  crime  has  a  corporal  punishment  it  shall  be  consigned  to  the  proper  dis- 
trict court. 

Having  made  the  choice  it  cannot  be  changed.  Having  elected  administrative  pro- 
ceedings, the  expediente  (file  of  papers)  shallbe  begun,  giving  first  his  written  choice 
and  afterwards  the  written  reasons  for  the  cause. 

II.  If  the  responsible  party  does  not  appear  in  the  required  time  the  case  shall  bo- 
taken  judicially  before  tne  proper  district  judge. 

III.  When  tlie  interested  party  agrees  with  the  fines  imposed  by  this  tariff,  and  re- 
noances  judicial  trial,  it  shall  not  be  done,  and,  to  form  and  prove  the  action,  shall 
begin  an  act,  which  being  written,  signed  by  interested  party,  and  certified  by  the 
collector  and  auditor,  giving  account  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  so  that  in  view 
of  these  papers  he  can  resolve  the  matter. 

IV.  When  the  decision  of  the  adjusting  office  of  the  treasury  is  not  limited  to  the 
rectifications  of  numerical  Errors  or  applications  of  the  tariff  quotations  and  imposea 
a  fine,  if  the  interested  party  is  not  satisfied,  the  proceedings  shall  follow  the  provis- 
ions of  fraction  I  of  this  article. 

Art.  92.  The  questions  of  contraband  and  fraud  that  follow  judicial  course  shall 
be  tried  by  the  federal  courts  to  the  final  point,  and  following  with  this  the  rules  pro- 
videil  in  the  relative  articles  of  this  tarifi  and  those  that  follow: 

I.  The  goods  having  been  seized,  and  the  judge  having  received  notice  thereof,  he- 
shall  proceed  to  summon  for  judgment  to  the  parties  ;  underatanding  as  such,  with 
respect  to  the  guilty,  the  owner  of  tho  cargo,  if  he  resides  in  the  port,  or  the  consignee, 
or  he  that  brings  legal  power  from  either,  or  he  that  gives  bond  of  rato  et  graio. 

The  judge  shall  also  decide  for  the  part  of  instice  to  the  owner,  or  the  captain  or 
the  supercargo  of  the  vessel,  to  the  owner  of  the  beasts  or  carriages  in  which  the  ef- 
fects are  carried,  or  to  the  legitimate  representatives  of  them,  wnen  to  aU  or  any  of 
them  the  responsibility  to  which  any  corresponding  penalty  is  attached  may  be  proven. 

In  the  summons  shall  be  given  a  fixed  time  for  appearing,  and  in  fixing  this  shall 
be  considered  the  distances  of  the  places.  If  appearance  is  not  made  within  this  time 
they  shall  be  declared  {rtMde)  not  appearing  m  court,  and  the  oanse  shall  go  on  in 
the  hall  of  t^e  tribunaL 


334         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

II.  Tho  jndge  of  first  instance  trying  the  business  of  the  treasury  can  be  accased 
with  statement  of  reason,  once  by  each  party,  bein^^  entirely  inhibited  from  again 
tryiug  this  cause,  but  the  party  thus  accusing  caunot  repeat  it  iu  the  cause. 

III.  The  moment  a  judge  is  challenged  and  he  accepts  the  challenge,  if  legal  ho  shall 
immediately  give  notice  of  it  to  the  judge  who  is  to  succeed  him,  stating  the  hour  in 
which  he  does  so,  in  order  that  his  successor  may.immediately  present  himself  to  per- 
form his  functions,  for  which  reasons  all  persons  required  in  the  judgment  will  remain 
united  in  tho  court  room  until  the  judge  who  is  to  try  the  case  shall  present  himself. 
If  for  just  motives  the  judge  should  not  present  himself  at  the  appointed  day  the  j  udg- 
mcut  shall  take  place  precisely  on  the  day  following,  iirovided  it  is  not  a  holiday, 
under  the  responsibility  of  the  jndge  whose  turn  it  is  to  acquit  himself  of  this  duty, 
who  will  become  subject  through  delay  to  a  suspension  from  office  for  a  month  by  the 
just  complaints  of  any  contending  parties  or  attorney-general  for  lacking  iu  observ- 
ance in  this  disposition. 

lY.  The  judgment  on  confiscated  goods  shall  take  place  in  public  and  verbally, 
drawing,  for  the  satisfaction  of  tho  parties,  an  act,  which  will  contain  the  principal 
points  of  the  judicial  debate.  The  sentefece  shall  be  pronounced  (being  previously 
notified)  within  three  lawful  days  at  the  latest,  countiug  frnm  the  day  the  h'gitimate 
party  appears  in  court,  or  by  default  in  accordance  to  what  has  been  stated  in  fraction 
I  of  this  article. 

Said  term  of  three  days  will  have  no  prorogue  given  for  the  passing  of  tbc  sentence, 
unless  a  legal  exception  is  found  in  the  same  and  the  proofs  forwarded ;  should  these 
be  delayed  on  account  of  distance  of  places,  or  any  other  moral  or  physical  impossi- 
bility, tho  judge  may  in  this  case  postpone  the  scutence  for  the  time  ho  may  deem 
strictly  necessary. 

V.  In  such  places  where  there  is  no  attorney-general,  or  in  those  where  there  is  one 
who  cannot  concur  to  the  judgment,  his  place  will  be  takeu  by  the  collector  «)r  by  the 
employ^  named  by  him. 

VI.  In  the  judgment  of  confiscated  goods  whose  value  does  not  exceed  ^'OO,  the 
sentence  passed  iu  a  court  of  first  instance  cannot  be  transferred  to  a  superior  court, 
and  cnnses  an  immediate  decree  of  execution  ;  but  the  judge  must,  within  five  lawful 
days,  send  an  extract  of  the  judgment  and  decision  to  the  judge  of  the  court  of  second 
instance  for  his  revision,  which  will  reduce  itself  to  certify  if  tho  proceeding  is  in 
accordance  with  this  tariff;  to  demand  the  corresponding  responsibility  iu  case  it 
manifests  any  violation  of  its  rules,  or  having  passed  decision  contrary  to  any  given 
law. 

VII.  In  case  au  appeal  to  a  higher  court  should  bo  interposed,  if  there  be  a  right  to 
do  so  according  to  law,  the  judge  of  the  court  of  second  instance  must  decide  at  the 
latest  within  twenty  days  after  having  received  the  proofs  alluded  to  in  the  lb!lowing 
fraction,  having  to  instruct  the  relative  judgment;  but  if  the  parties  agree  to  have  it 
verbal  it  must  be  executed  thus — the  attoruey-general  being  heard  verbally  and  the 
judjTC  having  to  pronounce  his  decision  within  four  lawful  days. 

VIII.  The  party  considering  itself  injured  by  decision  passed  by  the  court  of  first 
instance  must  appeal  the  moment  it  is  pronounced,  or  when  he  receives  notification, 
should  ho  not  have  been  preseut  at  the  judgment,  the  judge  being  obliged  to  give  him 
within  twenty-four  lawful  hours  evidences  of  the  acts  and  sentences  that  have  taken 
place,  the  original  proceedings  remaining  in  the  archives  of  the  court. 

IX.  Twenty-four  hours  aft^r  having  received  proof  of  the  senteuce  given  by  the 
court  of  first  instance,  the  appellant  must  present  them  to  tho  judge  of  the  secondary 
court,  if  he  resides  in  the  same  place;  but  should  he  be  at  a  distance  tho  appeliancy 
will  be  altered  by  countiug  tho  number  of  days  it  will  take  to  make  the  journey, 
allowing  five  leagues  to  each  day. 

In  order  to  give  fulfillment  of  the  aforementioned,  the  court  will  take  not-e  of  the 
hour  in  which  the  proofs  were  delivered  to  those  whom  they  may  concern. 

X.  If  they  should  not  appear  after  the  senteuce  has  beeu  passed,  or  if  after  having 
appealed  the  appellant  does  not  collect  his  evidences  within  the  time  allovred  in  frac- 
tion VIII,  or  does  not  have  recourse  to  the  judge  of  the  secondary  court  within  thn 
torm  mentioned  in  fraction  IX,  the  sentence  will  be  considered  accepted,  and  will  be 
put  into  execution. 

XI.  Judgment  on  confiscated  goods  will  be  admitted  in  a  secondary  court  if  their 
value  exceeds  $500,  but  not  over  $1,000,  the  decision  of  the  secondary  court  causes  a 
written  decree  either  confirming  or  revokiug  the  first,  the  judge  being  obliged,  in  all 
cases,  to  send  within  five  lawful  days  to  the  tribunal  of  tho  third  court  the  cause  or 
au  extract  of  the  judgment,  if  it  were  verbal,  for  its  revision  and  other  efifects  men- 
tioned in  fraction  V  I. 

If  the  value  does  not  exceed  $2,000  it  will  a^lmit  a  third  court,  provided  the  decis- 
ion of  the  second  does  not  agree  with  that  of  the  first,  for  in  this  case  it  would  cause 
a  written  decree  and  does  not  give  lien  for  a  third  court. 

XII.  In  the  appeals  that  according  to  law  are  interposed  from  a  second  to  a  third 
court,  all  the  rales  established  in  this  article  for  transferring  cases  from  the  first  to  the 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         335 

aecond  court  will  be  followed  in  the  Judgment  of  confiscated  goods  and  all  criminal 
incidents. 

XIII.  When,  in  Judging  any  case  of  confiscation,  there  should  result  any  criminal 
incident  to  which  a  difierent  penalty  is  attached,  the  Judge  will  consider  it  hh  »  dif- 
ferent case. 

XIV.  The  Judgment  on  criminal  cases  will  not  hinder  the  conclusion  (of  the  confis- 
cation cases  going  on)  within  the  pre-emptory  terms  allowed  in  this  tarifi"  for  their 
termination. 

XV.  The  courts  or  tribunals  will  send  to  their  respective  custom-houses  iu  the  term 
of  three  days  the  proofs  of  the  absolutory  or  condemning  sentences  issued  by  them  in 
the  Judgment  of  confiscation.  The  collectors  will  send  said  proofs  to  the  secretary 
of  the  treasury  with  the  corresponding  repoit. 

XVI.  The  goods  confiscated  will  be  deposited  precisely  in  the  custom-house,  from 
which  they  cannot  be  taken  unless  by  previously  paying  the  corresponding  duties, 
but  when  parties  having  a  share  in  goods  confiscated  are  unable  to  pay  said  duties, 
unless  allowed  to  alienate  a  part  of  their  share,  they  shall  only  do  so  when  collectors, 
after  taking  the  responsibility,  shall  receive  (to  his  satisfaction)  the  quantity  of  eoods 
that  will  guarantee  for  double  the  amount  of  duties  to  be  paid.  In  no  case  shall  the 
eoods  seized  be  delivered  to  the  participants,  owners  or  consignees  until  the  sentence 
has  been  passed  and  a  written  decree  of  exception  been  re#eived. 

The  goods  left  in  deposit  during  the  Jud^ent  of  the  case  cause  no  duties  for  stor- 
age. Excepting  from  the  above  article,  all  articles  liable  to  become  corrupted,  cor- 
roded, or  inflammable,  for  which  the  court  has  to  provide  what  it  may  deem  just  after 
hearing  the  parties. 

XVII.  The  term  allowed  to  interpose  an  appeal  pleading  or  making  void,  which  in 
the  corresponding  case  may  be  brought  up  by  the  representatives  of  the  treai^ury,  will 
be  fifteen  days,  counting  from  the  moment  the  sentence  is  made  known  to  the  attor- 
ney-general and  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury. 

XVIII.  The  Judges  shall  make  a  report  to  the  secretaries  of  Justice  and  treasury  of 
all  cases  formed  for  infringement  of  rules  of  the  tariff,  sending  also  copy  of  sentence 
pronounced,  which  shall  be  published  and  seat  to  consuls  of  the  republic  in  foreign 
countries,  so  that  they  shall  have  them  published  in  the  markets  and  public  places  of 
the  countries  where  they  reside. 

Art.  9^.  I.  In  all  Judicial  proceedings  in  courts  of  the  first  instance  the  collector 
shall  have  cognizance  of  facts,  having  a  rijght  to  appeal  when  the  decision  is  contrary 
to  the  interests  of  the  public  treasury.  To  this  end  the  sentence  should  be  notified 
to  him. 

II.  When  the  collector  is  not  present  the  auditor  will  have  the  same  rights,  as  also 
the  commander  of  the  guards,  when  the  seizure  has  been  made  by  them  or  their  order, 
and  the  commander  of  the  counter-guards;  they  can  present  their  docniiients  on  com- 
mon sealed  paper  of  the  ofiice  without  stamp,  a  lawyer's  signature  not  being  indis- 
penn^ldc. 

HI.  The  employes  acting  as  attorneys  may  intrust  this  power,  when  the  Judgment 
docs  not  take  place  where  they  reside,  to  an  employ^  holding  the  higher  ofiice  m  the 
federal  treasury  residing  where  the  Judgment  is  to  take  place,  it  being  understood 
that  where  are  simultaneously  a  treasury  chief  and  a  collector  to  the  last  name  shall 
the  power  be  intrusted ;  those  acting  as  attorneys  shall  follow  the  instructions  com- 
innuicated  to  them  by  the  government  in  favor  of  the  exchequer,  and  they  will  defend 
the  s:ime. 

Art.  94.  The  cases  of  confiscation  and  fraud  cannot  last  longer  than  four  n^onths  in 
each  court. 

Art.  95.  In  the  administrative  Judgment  the  following  proceeding  mnst  be  ob- 
served : 

I.  Once  the  administrative  proceed ijig  has  been  chosen,  according  to  article  91,  the 
anditor,  or,  if  by  legal  impediment  he  could  not  come,  the  first  or  second  officials  will 
take  his  place,  formulating  the  accusation  of  contraband  or  fraud  against  the  owners 
or  consi'^ees  of  the^oods;  this  accusation  mnst  in  all  cases  be  written,  in  order  that 
those  whom  it  may  concern  may  answer  in  three  days. 

II.  If  the  guilty  party  or  the  accusers  wish  to  present  some  proofs,  they  are  allowed 
eight  days,  which,  in  case  of  absolute  necessity,  shall  be  prolonged  to  fifteen,  in  which 
time  all  proofs  offered  by  both  parties  and  alleged  to  in  the  complaint  and  defense 
shnll  be  received. 

III.  If  the  proof  is  testimonial  the  collector  will  name  the  day  on  which  it  will  be 
received;  on  that  day  shall  the  witnesses  referred  to  be  examined  in  the  presence  of 
both  parties. 

The  examination  of  witnesses  shall'take  place  in  the  same  terms  and  with  the  same 
requisites  and  formalities  used  in  common  cases. 

The  declarations  being  written  by  a  secretary  taken  from  amongst  the  employ^, 
and  nansed  by  the  collector. 

The  secretary  will  intervene  in  every  one  of  the  acts  of  the  administrative  proceeding. 


336         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

IV.  The  testimony  being  completed,  a  summons  shall  be  made,  assigning  six  day» 
to  each  one  of  the  parties,  that  they  make  good  proof,  and  for  this  purpose  they  shall 
be  free  to  examine  the  judicial  proceeding  under  suitable  supervisions. 

V.  The  last  allegation  having  been  presented,  the  parties  shall  be  summoned  for  the 
detiuite  decision,  which  the  collector  shall  give  within  eight  days,  notifying  the  in- 
terested parties  iuimediately. 

VI.  In  cases  having  no  proofs,  the  summons  being  answered,  the  case  will  be  con- 
sidered terminated,  making  it  known,  as  also  the  citation  for  sentence;  the  collector 
will  dictate  his  final  resolution  within  the  term  given  in  the  former  fraction,  which 
"Will  be  notified  to  both  parties. 

VII.  If  either  of  the  parties  should  not  be  satisfied  with  the  sentence,  he  shall  ver- 
bally say  so  immediately,  or  by  writing  within  three  days.  This  term  having  passed 
without  any  of  the  parties  making  said  manifestation,  both  parties  shall  be  considered 
as  agreeing,  no  other  appeal  being  admitted. 

VIII.  In  all  cases  of  administrative  proceeding,  the  collector  will  send  the  original 
Judicial  proceetlings  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  keeping  a  copy  and  giving  the 
interested  parties  notice  the  day  they  are  sent. 

In  section  1  of  the  secretaryship  shall  be  placed  the  judicial  proceedings  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  parties  for  the  term  of  ten  days,  which  admits  no  prorogue,  counting  from 
the  day  received,  so  that^he  parties  may  allege  by  writing  what  concerns  them,  either 
personally  or  by  persons  named  for  that  purpose. 

IX.  When  the  interested  parties  do  not  make  use  of  the  right  assigned  them  in  the 

S receding  fraction,  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  will,  after  the  expiring  of  the  ten 
ays  given  in  the  same,  resolve  the  matter  clearly,  notifying  the  respective  collector 
the  resolution  for  its  execution  without  admitting  another  appeal. 

X.  The  administrative  proceedings  occasion  no  costs. 

XI.  In  the  administrative  proceedings  a  fifty-cent  stamp  shall  be  required  firom  the 
interested  parties  on  each  sheet  of  common -sized  paper  of  the  writing  and  petitions 
made. 

Chapter  XXIII. 

DISPOSITIONS  OF  CONFISCATIONS  AND  FINES. 

Art.  96.  Every  inhabitant  of  the  republic,  there  bein^  no  necessity  of  his  or  her 
name  appearing  in  the  proceedings,  if  he  does  not  think  it  convenient,  can  give  notice 
and  incite  the  ^ministrative,  judicial,  or  military  authorities,  that  they  may  seize  the 
imported  goods,  or  goods  sent  into  the  interior  by  contraband ;  he  may  also  denounce 
all  fraudulent  operations  of  the  same  kind  that  are  to  be  committed.  The  goods  once 
seized,  shall  be  delivered  to  the  competent  authorities.  Likewise  every  inhabitant  of 
the  republic  has  a  right  to  seize  in  public  roads  or  cities  foreigu  goods,  either  im- 
ported or  sent  to  the  interior  of  the  republic  by  contraband,  those  who  are  in  the 
performance  of  the  privilege  should  seize  any  goods  will  acquire  by  this  acta  right  to 
a  third  of  the  net  proceeds  of  the  goods  that  are  declared  seized  by  competent  aii- 
thority. 

The  officials  of  the  administrative,  judicial,  or  military  order  required  by  any  fed- 
eral or  local  employ^,  or  inhabitant  of  the  republic  to  give  assistance  in  order  to  pur- 
sue ^oods  imported  or  sent  to  the  interior  as  contraband,  and  who  does  not  do  so 
within  the  limits  of  his  power,  shall  be  judged  according  to  law  for  this  refusal  and 
for  acts  of  positive  complicity  he  shall  have  committ<ed. 

Art.  97.  The  person  who  gives  the  notice,  referred  to  in  the  preceding  article,  has 
a  right  to  a  third  of  the  net  proceeds,  after  paying  the  corresponding^  duties  to  the 
public  treasury,  and  the  2  per  cent,  destined  to  hospitals;  provided  said  notice  shall 
agree  with  what  has  been  established  in  this  tatifi',  the  goods  being  positively  declared 
seized  or  the  fine  paid. 

Art.  9rt.  I.  The  remaining  value  of  the  goods  confiscated,  after  making  the  deduc- 
tion mentioned  in  the  previous  article,  will  be  divided  into  three  equal  portions ;  one 
shall  be  given  to  the  accuser,  the  other  to  the  party  or  parties  who  seized  the  goods, 
and  the  other  shall  be  equally  divided  between  the  collector,  auditor,  and  commander 
of  the  guards  in  case  the  confiscation  has  taken  place  in  the  custom-house  by  means 
of  an  administrative  proceeding;  but  should  the  declaration  have  been  mado  by  the 
district  court,  half  of  the  auditor's  share  shall  be  assigned  to  the  attorney. 

II.  The  ninth  of  the  proceeds  of  the  fine  allotted  to  custom-house  collectors  will  be 
divided  into  as  many  equal  shares,  as  persons  have  performed  this  ofiice  during  the 
proceedings  from  the  moment  the  goods  have  been  seized  to  the  pronouncing  of  the 
final  sentence,  whether  administrative  or  judicial. 

III.  The  ninth  allotted  to  auditors  of  custom-houses  when  the  ptt>ceeding8  are  ad- 
ministrative, or  half  of  the  ninth  assigned  them  when  the  proceedings  take  place  in 
the  district  court,  will  be  proportionally  divided  according  to  the  basis  given  in  the 
former  fraction. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES.  337 

rV.  The  half  of  the  ninth  assifi^ed  to  attorneys  will  in  its  case  be  divided  amongst 
the  piTsons  who  performed  the  office  of  attorney  intervening  in  the  proceedings. 

V.  The  ninth  assigned  to  the  commander  or  commanders  of  the  guards,  will  be  ap- 
plied exolosiveiy  to  the  one  engaged  at  the  time  of  confiscation. 

VI.  The  rights  of  appraisers  of  custom-houses  to  a  part  of  the  proceeds  assigned 
to  them  by  article  101st  of  this  tariff,  are  perfect  the  moment  they  make  their  obser- 
vations at  the  time  of  dispatch. 

VII.  The  rights  of  those  seizing  foreign  goods,  or  those  nationalized,  to  the  parts  as- 
aigned  them  in  fraction  I  of  this  article,  are  perfect  the  moment  the  goods  are  seized. 

Art.  99.  When  the  confiscation  is  made  by  a  custom-house  cutter  the  share  assigned 
in  the  previous  article  to  parties  who  seize  the  goods  will  be  given  to  the  crew ;  more- 
over the  commander  of  the  cutter  is  entitled  to  the  ninth  allotted  to  the  custom-house 
guard. 

Art.  100.  When  there  are  no  accusers  the  parties  who  seized  the  goods  are  entitled, 
thoush  they  should  be  employes,  to  the  share  assigned  in  article  98,  fraction  I,  of  this 
tariff 

Art.  101.  In  confiscations  made  by  appraisers,  at  the  moment  of  ^dispatch,  the  col- 
lector and  appraiser  present  at  the  revision  shall  be  considered  as  parties  seizing  the 
goods;  in  cases  where  the  confiscation  takes  place  at  the  indication  of  the  guard  he 
shall  be  considered  as  one  of  the  party. 

Art.  102.  I.  In  confiscations  made  by  confronting  the  manifest  with  the  invoice 
the  six-ninths  assigned  to  parties  who  seize  the  goods  are  thus  divided :  three  to  the 
collector  or  auditor  that  confronts  the  document,  the  remaining  three  being  equally 
divided  between  the  first  officer  and  other  officials  employed. 

II.  When  the  contraband  is  discovered  by  the  guards  or  private  individuals  in 
cities  or  on  the  roads  without  the  intervention  of  either  seaport  or  frontier  custom- 
houses or  oustDm-house  section,  the  proceeds  of  the  confiscation  declared  by  a  sentence 
that  gives  place  to  a  judicial  proceeding  if  taken  to  the  district  court,  or  by  adminis- 
trative resolution  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  according  to  faction  IX  of  article 
95  of  this  tarifif,  will  be  divided  as  follows: 

A.  Half  the  proceeds  of  sales  of  confiscated  goods,  beasts  of  burden,  and  carts  they 
draw,  will  belong  to  the  federal  exchequer  in  compensation  of  the  respective  duties 
of  importation  taking  from  this  part  the  2  per  cept.  for  hospitals,  expenses  of  proceed- 
ings, and  others  originated. 

B.  The  other  half  will  be  distributed,  without  making  an^  deduction,  amon^  the 
participants  according  to  what  has  been  disposed  in  this  article,  giving  one-third  to 
the  denouncing  party,  the  other  to  the  party  who  seized  them,  and  the  other  to  the 
employ^  of  the  office  of  the  federal  treasury  that  received  the  goods  to  carry  on  the 
corresponding  proceedings ;  the  distribution  of  this  third  is  made  proportionately  ac- 
cording to  what  has  been  demonstrated  by  this  tariff. 

C.  The  share  corresponding  to  the  party  who  confiscated  the  goods  will  be  divided 
in  equal  shares  among  all  who  took  part  in  seizing  them  without  any  distinction.  If 
there  has  been  iio  accusation  the  share  allotted  to  the  denouncing  party  shall  be  divi- 
ded between  those  who  seize  it. 

Art.  103.  The  distribution  to  participants  in  cases  of  confiscations  and  fines  shall 
only  take  place  aftor  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  has  forwarded  the  cor- 
responding approbation  to  the  respective  office. 

The  proceeds  of  the  fines  are  to  be  deposited  with  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  and 
the  goods  in  it«  warehouse. 

Art.  104.  The  goods  that  are  declared  positively  confiscated  either  by  the  judicial 
authority  or  by.  the  officials  who  pursue  tne  case  in  the  administrative  proceeding,  if 
carried  on  in  this  mode,  shall  be  delivered  in  classes  to  the  participants,  excepting 
the  cases  referred  to  iii  fraction  II  of  article  102  of  this  tariff,  the  participants  paying 
previously  the  respective  duties,  as  also  the  2  per  cent,  allowed  to  hospitals ;  the  par- 
ties interested  being  at  liberty  to  make  the  division  as  they  may  thiuK  more  conven- 
ient. 

Art.  105.  In  all  cases  of  confiscation  or  fine,  2  per  cent,  of  the  net  remainder  will 
be  assigned  te  the  sustenance  of  charity  hospitals  in  places  having  them ;  in  case 
there  should  be  none  in  the  port  it  will  be  assigned  te  the  hospital  of  the  nearest 
place  within  jurisdiction  of  tae  state  te  which  the  port  belongs. 

Chapter  XXIV. 

STAMP  LAW. 

Art.  106.  Stamps  shall  be  used  in  oustem-house  business  as  provided  by  the  follow- 
ing preeoriptons : 

I.  In  petitions  for  discharge  of  vessels  coming  from  foreign  ports,  shall  be  used 
stamps  to  the  value  of  |8. 

II.  In  petitions  for  loading  vessels  destined  for  foreign  ports,  when  caiTying  mer- 
chandise, shall  also  be  used  stamps  to  the  value  of  $8. 

1784  CONG — A  P ^22 


3j8      tariffs  of  the  several  countries. 

m.  When  vessels  clear  in  ballast  the  petition  for  clearance  shall  not  reanire  stamps. 
lY.  In  petitions  for  loading  or  unloading  vessels  for  coast  traffic,  snail  be  nibd 
stamps  in  the  following  proportions: 

A.  When  the  tonnage  of  the  vessel  does  not  exceed  50  tons,  to  the  value  of  50  cents. 

B.  Exceeding  50  tonH,  $2. 

C.  When  sailing  in  ballast  no  stamps  need  be  used. 

y.  Additions  or  rectifications  of  manifests  of  goods  or  of  consular  invoices  that  are 
presented  to  collectors  of  maritime  and  frontier  custom-houses,  are  free  of  stamps. 

YI.  In  the  requests  of  petitions  presented  to  collectors  or  chiefs  of  custom-house 
sections,  or  of  the  counter  guards,  shall  be  used  stamps  to  the  value  of  50  cents  for  each 
page  of  ordinary  paper. 

vll.  In  petitions  which  are  made  by  owners  or  consignees^  for  the  dispatch  of  their 
merchandise  on  the  importation  as  well  as  on  their  exportation,  riiall  be  used  stamps 
to  the  value  of  50  cents  for  each  page  of  ordinary  paper. 

YIII.  In  each  bond  or  response  (t)  executed  by  merchants  before  cnstom-honse  offi- 
cers shall  be  used  stamps  to  the  value  of  50  cents  for  each  page. 

IX.  A.  In  the  petitions  for  the  intemation  of  goods,  if  their  value  does  not  exceed 
$100,  shall  be  used  stamps  to  the  value  of  5  cents  for  each  page. 

B.  Exceeding  $100  in  value,  twenty-five  cents  each  page. 

X.  In  petitions  made  for  the  dispatch  or  transport  of  goods  in  the  coasting  trade 
shall  be  used  stamps  to  the  value  of  10  cents  each  page. 

XI.  In  the  acts  of  average  referred  to  in  article  71  of  this  tariff  shall  be  used  stamps 
to  the  value  of  50  cents. 

XII.  Duplicates  or  triplicates  of  whatever  documents  used  for  comprobation  in  the 
dispatches  of  the  custom-houses  are  free  of  stamps. 

XIII.  In  the  acts  referred  t^  in  fraction  III  of  article  91  of  this  tari^  shall  be  used 
stamps  to  the  value  of  50  cents  each  page. 

XIV.  In  the  petitions  which  captains  or  supercargoes  of  vessels  present  to  collec- 
tors of  maritime  custom-houses,  to  go  to  load  national  products  at  whatever  point  on 
the  coast  after  having  discharged  their  cargo,  shall  be  used  stamps  to  the  value  of  50 
cents. 

Chapter  XXV. 

LAW  OF  THE  ZONA  LIBRE  (FREE  BELT). 

(See  note  Zona  Libre  in  Appendix  B,  p.  361.) 

Art.  107/  I.  The  foreign  merchandise  imported  through  the  fh)ntier  custom-houses 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Bravo  (Rio  Grande)  in  the  State  of  Tamaulipas  qualified 
for  commerce,  for  consumption  and  reciprocal  commerce  between  the  towns  of  Mata- 
moros,  Reynosa,  Camargo,  Mier,  Guerrero  and  Monterey-Laredo,*  shall  only  cause  one 
and  thirty-seven  hundredths  of  the  (regular)  import  duties,  to  be  applied  to  the  mu- 
nicipalities, according  to  article  19  of  this  tariff,  and  t  one-half  cent  per  pound  of  the 
gross  weight  of  goods  introduced. 

II.  Goods  imported  by  these  custom-houses  and  deposited  in  government  or  individ- 
ual warehouses  in  the  towns  named  in  the  preceding  fraction  only  cause  on  their  im- 
portation, when  not  internated  to  other  towns  of  the  republic,  the  municipal  and 
weight  tax  as  stated  in  said  fraction. 

III.  Importers  of  goods  to  the  Zona  Libre  shall  present  to  the  respective  cnstom- 
house  the  consular  documents  provided  in  articles  24  to  30  of  this  tarifi",  when  they 
are  maritime  imports  or  when  the  frontier  imports  are  made  in  sail  or  steam  vessels. 
For  other  importations  that  take  place  from  the  towns  of  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio 
Bravo  at  the  custom-houses  theieof  shall  be  obtained,  from  the  respective  Mexican 
custom-house,  permit  or  permits  previous  to  importation,  with  the  requisites  required 
by  the  rules  of  the  custom-houses,  whose  permits  shall  be  returned  each  montn  in  a 
corresponding  consular  invoice  and  manifest. 

lY.  The  foreign  merchandise  having  arrived,  and  permit  for  which  had  been  ob- 
tained at  the  custom-house  where  it  was  imported,  the  inspection  shall  be  verified  in 
entire  conformity  to  the  provisions  of  this  tariff. 

Y.  For  the  importation  of  foreign  effects  each  one  of  the  custom-houses  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rio  Bravo  qualified  for  commerce  shall  not  permit  more  than  one  pasH  in 
some  one  of  the  fords  of  the  same  river,  establishing  in  front  of  said  ford  a  guard  sta- 
tion. 

YI.  Gk>ods  leaving  the  localities  mentioned  in  fraction  I  of  this  article  for  their  re- 
ciprocal commerce,  shall  go  exactly  with  guUif  or  written  permit,  and  in  those  docn- 
meuts  shall  not  be  stated  any  way  point,  but  only  one  as  terminus,  in  which  they  are 
to  be  consumed. 

YII.  Consumption  in  the  ranches  within  the  j  urisdiction  of  the  towns  named  in 


•  More  commonly  called  New  Laredo — opposite  Laredo,  Tex. 
t  See  note  2,  Appendix  B. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         339 

fraction  I  of  this  article  shall  be  verified  without  payment  of  duties  not  exceeding  in 
each  remission  of  ^oods  to  said  ranches  the  value  of  $30,  and  carrying  their  respective 
written  permits,  without  which  requisite  they  shall  be  confiscated. 

YIII.  Foreign  goods  imported  to  the  Zona  Libre  shall  pay  on  their  intemation  (to 
points  beyond  the  Zona  Libre)  the  corresponding  import  duties,  with  deduction  of 
those  paid  on  their  introduction  for  mnnicipal  and  weight  duties,  being  dispatched 
conformably  to  the  provisions  of  this  tariff. 

IX.  In  all  (things)  that  has  no  express  exception  regarding  the  Zona  Libre  shall 
apply  the  general  dispositions  of  this  tariff  and  rules  or  the  custom-houses. 

Chapter  XXVI. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

Art.  106.  Collectors  and  employ^  of  custom-houses,  and  counter-^ards,  shall  treat 
passengers,  captains  of  vessels,  and  merchants  with  due  consideration  without  occa- 
sioning more  delays  than  are  indispensable  to  fulfill  the  provisions  of  the  tariff. 

Art.  109.  When  the  qnautities  of  provisions  written  in  the  list  of  the  stores  which 
captains  or  supercargoes  must  present  according  to  article  32  of  this  tariff  are  found, 
notoriously  excessive,  collectors  of  customs  shall  order  the  liquidation  and  payment 
of  proper  duties  on  the  excess,  considering  the  number  of  the  crew  and  time  needed 
for  the  return  voyage  of  the  vessel,  permitting  in  the  case  expressed  the  captains  to 
sell  in  port  the  excess  of  provisions. 

Art.  110.  Effects  necessary  for  the  use  and  conservation  of  the  vessels  must  be 
written  in  the  list  of  stores,  and  if  notoriously  excefsive  the  collector  shall  proceed  aa 
provided  in  the  precediuj^  article  respecting  ship  stores. 

Art.  111.  If,  of  the  ship's  stores  allowed  oy  collectors,  captains  should  desire  to  sell 
a  part  in  tlu9  port,  they  snail  be  allowed  to  unload,  paying  the  proper  duties  fixed  by 
this  tariff. 

Art.  112.  Merchandise  that  fh>m  the  quality  cannot  be  comprehended  in  the  pre- 
ceding articles,  cannot  be  admitted  as  ship  stores,  and  to  them  shall  apply  the  penalty 
corresponding  to  goods  that  come  without  consular  invoice  according  to  article  29  of 
this  tariff. 

When  permission  is  asked  to  transfer  ship  stores  from  one  vessel  to  another,  for 
sales  made  by  the  captains,  it  shall  be  conceded,  having  paid  the  proper  duties. 

Art.  113.  The  laws  of  previous  tariffs  and  the  explanatory  dispositions  issued  up  to 
the  date  of  this  aranoel  (tariff  law)  shall  not  now  apply  or  be  in  force. 

Given  in  the  National  Palace  of  Mexico,  November  8,  18S0. 

PORFIRIO  DIAZ. 
TORO. 


Appendix  A. 

WEIGHT  DUTY. 

Notr  1. — By  the  tariffof  November  8, 1880,  of  which  the  preceding  is  a  translation, 
the  merchandise  included  in  Chapter  VI  were  free  of  duties. 

By  the  execulive  decree  of  June  25,  1881,  taking  effect  November  1  and  15,  same 
year,  a  weight  duty  of  from  50  cents  to  (I  on  each  100  kilograms,  gross  weieht,  was 
imposed.    This  duty  has  in  the  translation  been  placed  opposite  the  various  classes. 

By  the  same  decree  a  similar  duty  was  placed  on  aH  goods  named  in  Chapter  VII. 
This  duty  is  placed  opposite  the  articles  in  the  right-hand  column,  under  a  suitable 
heading. 

Article  4  of  this  decree,  that  foreign  effects  not  specified  in  the  tariff  (sec  Chaptei 
VIII)  shall  pay  an  additional  ffross  weight  duty  of  75  cents  for  100  kiloin^ms. 

Art.  5.  Packages  contained  in  one  permit  which  weigh  nearly  100  kilograms  shall 
pay  duty  for  100  kilograms. 

Art.  6.  When  a  package  contains  different  articles,  the  weight  duty  on  the*  whole 
package  shall  be  computed  at  the  rate  of  the  cue  having  the  greatest  weight. 

Art.  7.  This  shall  not  apply  to  articles  conceded  free  imported  by  rauway  fran- 
chises. 

Art.  8.  This  fixes  an  additional  duty  on  the  kilogram  net  which  is  in  the  list  under 
the  former  duty. 

A  similar  duty  of  3f  cents  on  liquors  in  barrels  is  also  given. 

Art.  9.  Wooos  for  construction  and  cabinet-work  of  all  kinds,  exported  from  the 
coasts  or  frontiers,  shall  pay,  after  October  1,  1881,  besides  the  duties  given  in  frac- 
tion IX  of  article  78  of  tne  tariff,  an  additional  duty  of  $1  each  ton  of  a  cubic  meter. 

Art.  10.  The  same  woods  from  other  countries  passing  in  transit  by  the  rivers  and 


340         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

SortH  of  tbe  republic,  shall  pay,  after  the  same  date,  on  their  exportation,  a  singlo 
nty  of  $4.50  for  each  ton  of  a  cabic  meter. 

This  article  does  not  apply  to  woods  carried  by  railways  having  franchises  with 
provisions  as  to  this  traffic. 
Art.  11.  Directs  that  these  duties  shall  be  given  separate  columns. 

REGULATING  KXPORTS  OF  SILVER  AND  GOLD. 

Note  2. — A  circular  nom  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  dated  June  20,  1881,  rega- 
lates  and  changes  somewhat  the  law  regarding  the  payment  of  export  duties  on  silver 
and  gold,  or  either  in  bullion,  and  adds  duties  on  exports  of  copper  with  silver,  lead 
with  silver,  mineral  stones,  and  powders,  ^c. 

Chapter  J  provides  that  duties  of  export  mav  be  paid  on  exportation  instead  of  as 
formerly  being  paid  when  leaving  the  place  where  produced  for  the  coast,  and  the 
other  articles  of  Chapter  I  give  minute  direction  as  to  transit  from  interior  towns. 

Chapter  II  provides  for  paying  duties  on  silver  or  gold  bullion  on  exportation,  with 
rules,  &.C. 

Chapter  III  imposes  a  duty  of  5  per  cent,  on  the  value  on  exports  of  copper  with 
silver,  with  rules,  &.c. 

Chapter  IV  imposes  a  similar  duty  of  5  per  cent,  on  experts  of  lead  with  copper, 
giving  regulations,  &o. 

Chapter  V  provides  that  mineral  stones  and  concentrated  mineral  powder  (dust) 
shall  pay  a  similar  duty  of  5  per  cent,  on  the  value  of  silver  they  contain,  with 
rules,  &o. 

Chapter  VI  provides  a  similar  duty  of  5  per  cent,  on  exports  of  artificial  sulphates 
of  silver,  with  rules,  &c. 

Note  3. — Bv  the  law  of  December  14,  1881,  which  took  effect  three  mouths  aft-er 
that  date  on  tno  gulf  ports,  and  six  months  afterwards  on  the  Pacific  coast,  the  fol- 
lowing changes  were  made  in  articles  24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,  and  66  of  the  tariff: 

Division  C  of  fraction  lY  of  article  24  is  changed  by  adding:  Also  shall  be  ex- 
pressed the  net  weight  of  goods  having  different  quotas  contained  in  the  same  pack- 
age when  any  of  them  pay  by  net  weight,  or  when  they  are  free  of  duties. 

Article  27,  I,  provides  that  the  fines  provided  therein  shall  be  imposed  if  the  error 
in  the  invoices  is  not  declared  in  the  proper  time. 

Fraction  II  provides  that  to  incur  the  fines,  the  errors  mentioned  shall  be  data  nec- 
essary for  liquidating  the  duties,  and  also  when  the  errors  occur  both  in  the  copy  of 
the  consignee  and  that  of  the  custom-house,  or  only  in  the  former  when  the  latter  has 
no  copy. 

Similar  errors  in  free  goods  will  cause  a  fine  of  $10  for  each  fault. 

Fraction  III  provides  to  incur  tbe  fines  therein  mentioned  the  ambiguity  shall  be 
Buch  as  to  impede  the  precise  classification,  material,  and  nationality  of  the  effects. ' 

Article  28.  I.  For  fault  of  any  requisites  contained  in  A  of  fraction  lY  of  article  24, 
shall  be  imposed  the  tines  provided  by  fraction  III  of  article  27. 

II.  The  fault  of  any  requisites  named  by  B,C,  D,or  £  of  fraction  lY  of  article  24, 
shall  be  imposed  the  following  fines : 

A.  Not  manifesting  number  of  pieces,  pairs,  dozens,  or  thousands  of  goods,  paying 
by  such  designations  and  not  giving  values  of  invoices  of  goods,  paying  by  invoice  or 
appraised  vsklue,  will  incur  an  overcharge  of  30  per  cent,  of  the  corresponding  duties. 

B.  Omitting  net  weight  of  fabrics  that  pay  by  net  weight,  an  overcharge  of  50  per 
cent. 

C.  In  dther  effects  paying  by  net  or  gross  weight,  lack  of  respective  weights,  25  per 
cent. 

D.  When  the  invoice  does  not  contain  all  the  data  provided  by  D  of  fraction  lY  of 
article  24,  and  it  is  thereby  difficult  to  calculate  duties  payable  by  measure,  an  over- 
charge shall  be  made  of  50  per  cent,  on  the  duties. 

E.  When  the  class  of  goods  is  not  clearly  stated,  bo  as  to  determine  the  proper  du- 
ties and  various  quotas  fixed  by  this  tariff  for  goods  of  those  classes  an  overcharge  is 
made  of  25  per  cent,  of  the  duties. 

III.  If  the  interested  party  take  exception  to  these  fines  imposed  by  the  custom- 
booae,  the  question  as  to  these  heinga  fault  may  be  decided  judicially,  but  the  amount 
of  the  fine  shall  be  decided  by  the  custom-house  within  the  maximum  provided. 

Art.  29.  II.  This  fraction  is  changed  so  that  in  case  some  of  the  Invoices  are  lost  or 
delayed  goods  may  be  compared  and  dispatched  with  the  one  received  by  the  custom- 
house or  a  certified  copy  of  the  one  received  by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  having 
f;iven  satisfactory  bond  to  produce  the  invoice  mentioned  in  fraction  II  of  article  40. 
II  reaffirms  fraction  II  of  article  29. 

lY.  By  this  he  fine  provided  in  fraction  III  of  article  29  is  changed  from  $5  to  $100 
to  $10  to  $100. 

Y.  By  this  the  fine  to  be  imposed  is  conditional  upon  the  non-correction  by  addition 
to  the  invoice  within  the  due  time. 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


341 


Art.  66.  I.  By  this  the  limits  for  additions  or  corrections  to  invoices  is  changed  from 
forty-eight  to  seventy-two  honrs. 

II.  By  this  the  changes  in  invoices  may  increase  or  decrease  the  import  duties  15 
per  cent,  instead  of  10  per  cent.,  as  in  the  tariff. 

III.  Only  chanses  the  expression  of  10  per  cent,  to  15  per  cent. 

IV.  This  is  made  to  read  15  per  cent,  instead  of  10  per  cent.,  30  per  cent,  instead  of 
25  per  cent.,  and  the  fine  of  33  per  cent,  is  reduced  to  10  per  cent. 

y.  This  is  made  to  read  30  per  cent,  instead  of  25  per  cent.,  and  while  50  per  cent, 
is  unchanged,  the  fine  is  changed  firom  50  per  cent,  to  20  per  cent. 

YI.  The  additions  or  corrections  that  augment  duties  50  per  cent,  more  than  the 
amount  declared  shall  cause  an  overcharge  of  30  per  cent,  instead  of  the  fine  pre- 
viously imposed. 

YII.  Additions  or  rectifications  that  completely  change  the  class  or  nationality  of 
goods  shall  cause  an  overcharge  of  75  per  cent,  on  those  thus  declared. 

VIII.  No  change. 

IX.  This  is  changed  by  the  addiiian  of  the  following : 

1.  The  rectification  and  corrections  in  faults  of  ambiguitv  named  in  fraction  III  of 
article  27,  and  the  faults  to  which  fraction  I  of  article  28  refers,  shall  be  liquidated  by 
AB  overcharge  of  80  per  cent,  upon  the  amount  of  the  duties,  without  prejudicing  the 
examination  of  all  the  packages  to  which  the  additions,  &c.,  refer. 

2.  The  rectifications  and  additions  made  in  the  cases  referred  to  by  A,  B,  C,  D,  and 
E  effraction  II  of  article  28  shall  be  coDsidered  by  the  custom-houses,  impiosing  only 
5  per  cent,  of  the  penalties  therein  provided  in  such  cases. 


ApPEin>ix  B. 


Model  No.  1.— Articlb  24  of  Taripf. 


Invoice  of  the  following  goods  which  he  that  eubaoribea  remits  in  the  vessel  [here  state  nation- 
ality, class,  and  name  of  ship],  Captain ,  consigned  to ,  of 

iheplort  of ,  of  the  Mexican  RepubliOf  where  the  vesst^  is  destined. 


i 


I 


t 


1 


ji  « 
«*« 

90 
**  a    • 


S.a.ajD 


Dstot 


Signatare  of  shipper  t 


HonL— TTndflr  this  form  exaolly  thsU  iavoloes  be  formed,  tpeteifyfng  esoh  and  every  paekafo  that 
aieimntttodbythflm.   ThesamofthetotalniimborofpaokiigM  tnidl  alaolMezpreMed>yleSer8. 


342 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Model  No.  2.— Abticle  30  of  Tariff. 


General  man{fe8t  of  the  goods 
Ho,  brought  ^  theoaptainf 


;  deetined  to  the  port  of ,  of  the  Mexican  Bepub" 

•f  who  euoecrilies  hitneelf  a  ciOzen  of : — ,  in 


the  veeeel  [here  giyen  Dationality,  class,  Dame,  and  toDnago  of  vessel],  eonelgned  to  t^ 
houee  of ,  eetabliihed  in  said  port  [or  to  toe  said  captain  or  supercargo]. 


» 

1 

84 
•9  "8 

a  4 

1 

S 

SQ 

J.  L. 

ItolO 

T. 

ILP. 

ItolO 

Total  groM  weight 
ofeaohpftokage, 
in  fignres  and 
letters. 


1    (one)   SngUah 
qaintaL 

1    (one)   SngUah 
qointal. 


lai 

Hi 


10  (ten) 
10  (ten) 


Claaaea  of  paokagea. 


Barrela. 


Bales  of  ordinary  aise. 


i 

J 

IS 


I 


White  wine. 


Cotton  text- 
urea. 


I 


Kame. 


Name. 


! 

a 

I 


Name^ 


Name. 


Here  the  name  of  the  port  and  date. 

Signatore,  with  protest  of  the  captain  that  he  has  no  goods  in  his  ressel,  and  that  he  comee  with  in- 
tention of  legal  oommeroe  in  the  repablic. 

Koim.— Under  this  exact  form  mvst  be  formed  each  ship's  manifest,  speoifyii>i^  each  and  erery  pack- 
age, after  their  class.    The  total  number  of  packages  shall  also  be  expressed  by  letters. 

Model  No.  3.— Article  32  of  Tariff. 

Notice  that  the  captain  eubecribing  gives  to  the  cueiom-houee  of  ihie  port  of  the  baggage  that 
the  paeeengere  nave  whom  he  has  brought  on  board  the  ship ,  coming  from  — — . 


Komber  of 
packages. 

ClassiilcAtion 
of  packages. 

Kamee  of  the 
passengers. 

Nationality  of 
them. 

• 

Batet 


Signature  of  captain : 


Model  No.  4.— Article  32  of  Tariff. 


Notice  that  the  subscribing  captain  gives  to  the  custom-house  of  this  port  of  the  reeidue  of 

stores  on  board  the  ship )  under  his  command . 


Number  of 
packages. 

CHassofthe 
eifeots. 

Weight  or  meas- 
ure of  them. 

Value. 

■ 

Date 


Signature  of  oaptain : 


TARIFFS  O   THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


343 


Model  No.  5.— Fraction  I  of  Article  37  of  the  Tariff. 

Batificatum  (or  addition)  of  man{fe$U 

To  the  oolUotor  of  ihie  maritime  oustom-'houee : 

As  captain  or8apercargoof(  Dame  of  vessel),  this  day  entered  in  this  port,  in  exercise 
of  the  right  given  me  by  the  tariff  in  force,  I  make  the  following  rectifications  (or 

additions) : . 

I  request  you«to  order  the  necessary  notation  to  be  made,  protesting  that  I  proceed 

yd  faith. 
Signature  of  captain  or  snpercargo : . 


legally  and  in  good  faith. 
Date: 


Here  the  custom-house  shall  place  the  day  and  hour  of  presentation,  noting  if  or  no 
the  additions  or  rectification  is  deemed  admissible,  expressing  the  reason  therefor. 

Signature  of  the  collector : . 

Signature  of  auditor :  -^— . 


A  copy.    Auditor's  office  of  the  maritime  (or  frontier)  custom-house  of  . 

Date : .    Signature  of  auditor : . 

Model  No.  6.~Article  38  of  Tariff. 

Coneular  oertifloation  on  mantfeeta  or  invoices. 

The  preceding  manifest  (or  invoice)  numbered was  presented  in pages  (in 

figures  and  letters)  by (name  of  captain  or  shipper),  containing 

packages  (figures  and  letters). 

Date,  signature  of  consul,  and  seal  of  office. 

This  certification  to  be  written  at  the  foot  of  the  respective  document. 

Model  No.  7.— Fraction  II,  Article  40  of  Tariff. 

Consular  oertifloation  in  cases  of  loss  of  invoices. 

Consulate,  vice-consulate,  or  commercial  agency  of  the  United  Mexican  States  in 

The  subscriber, ,  certifies :  That  according  to  what  is  written  on  pages 

of  the  reffistnr  book  of  invoices  of  this ,  Messrs. presentedior 

legalization,  dated ,  an  invoice  recorded  with  the  number ,  containing 


-,  captain 


,  consigned  to  Messrs. 


,  on  tne  voyage  m 


packages  embarked  on  the  vessel 
(date)  which  were  remitted  to  the  port  of 

Aud  on  petition  of  the  interested,  who  have  manifested  having  lost  the  said  invoice 
I  grant  the  present,  having  previously  informed  them  that  this  certifioatit>n  does  not 
free  the  consispees  from  the  penalty  which  is  incurred  under  the  law  from  fault  in 
the  dispatch  of  the  effects  and  in  the  copies  of  the  same  invoice  which  may  be  caused 
in  the  respective  custom-house,  remitted  directly  by  this  consulate,  vice-consulate,  or 
agency. 

Date ; 

[seal.]  Signature: . 

Model  No.  8.r— Fraction  I,  Article  66  of  Tariff. 

Citizen  collector  of  the  maritime  custom-house : 

Between  the  period  of  the  law,  we  make  the  following  addition  (or  rectification)  of 

the  consular  invoice  No. ,  that  covers  {ampara) packages  of  merchandise 

received  by  the  steamer ,  captain ,  arrived  at  this  port . 


Harks. 

Numbers. 

Numbers  of 
paokagea. 

Inroice  says. 

Should  say. 

P.C. 

1 
80 

80 

Thirty  sacks  oaoao. 

Cacao  oartpano. 

I  protest  (or  we  protest)  in  good  faith. 
Date:  . 


Signature  of  importer: 


344 


TARIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Here  the  oustom-honse  shall  place  the  date  and  hour  in  which  the  addition  (or  cor- 
rection) was  presented,  and  if  it  is  or  is  not  admissible ;  giving  their  reasons. 

Signature  of  collector: . 

Signature  of  auditor : . 


Is  copy.    Auditorship  of  the  maritime  custom-house  of 
Date: . 


Signature  of  auditor: 


Model  No.  9.~Fbaction  I,  Articlb  84  of  Tariff.  ' 


CUijgen  ooUedar  of  the  mariUme  cu$tam-hou§e  of : 

Be  pleased  to  permit  the  intemation  of  the  following  effects  which  by I  re- 
mit to to  the  consignation  of——. 


i 
a 

I 

1 

10 


K.D. 


1., 


10  (ten) 
bales. 


9 

43 


» 


Woolen  CAMimere 
with  2, 000  square 
meters. 


J 

o 
OP 


At  $1.40  the 
aqoare  meter. 


I 

I 


12,800 


a 


French  str. 
"France." 


"a 

► 

o 
2 


lCar.8 


I 

1 


% 


o 


Ten  hales,  weighhig,  gross  weight,  000  kilos. 

Costom-honse  seal. 

Date: .    Signatore of  the  interested : 


Corresponding  import  daties  paid  (or  secured  to  be  paid  to  the  satislkction  of  the  anditor). 

Signatore  of  auditor:  . 

Pass  to  tts  destination. 

Signature  of  collector : . 

Seal  of  the  guard  (gate)  by  which  it  leaves. 
Correct  and  note  taken. 

Signature  of  guard: — . 

Model  No.  10. — Fraction  V,  Article  77  of  Tariff. 

Petitifm  for  discharge  and  iratuit. 
CtdMen  oolUotor : 

Be  pleased  to  permit  the  discharge  and  anthorise  the  transit  of  the  following  effects 
which  consigned  to  the  subscriber  have  arrived  in  (name  vessel),  captain  • 

—  of 


which  proceeding  firom 


-,  cast  anchor  in  this  port  the 


•,  lea^.* 


1 

I 


I 


u 

gS 


9 

I 

3 

a 

d 

« 

9 

H 

•s 

1 

^1 
§ 

1 

I 

• 

s 


«1 
■9 


If 


Seslofoffioet 

KoTB<— To  he  signed  bv  the  auditor  and  vised  bv  the  collector.  Five  per  cent  of  tnnsit  for  traaaii 
paid  and  bond  given  for  total  import  duties  aooording  to  tariff. 

'When  referring  to  goods  brought  to  any  fhmtier  custom-house  to  come  to  Mexican  territory,  it  shall 
be  stated  when  they  come,  who  has  been  their  conductor,  the  date  of  their  arrival,  and  other  speciflca> 
tions  written  in  ruled  columns. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


345 


Model  No.  11.— Fraction  XIY  of  Article  78  of  Tariff. 

Petition  for  embarkation. 
(JiUMon  eoUeotor : 

Be  pleased  to  permit  the  embarkation  of  the  following  effects,  whioh  in  the  ship 
(name)  captain ,  the  Bubscriber  remits  to  (name  of  port). 


ICarki  and  nam. 
bers. 

Kamber  of  pack* 
MM  and  their 
euMa. 

Minate  aooonnt 
oftheprodaoe 
andeffeota. 

Yalae. 

• 

KOTB.— Ib  order  that  no  mianndemtandine  of  the  fore{[oing  eleyen  forma  may  reaolt  tnm  tranalation, 
they  aie  herewith  publiahed  in  the.original  Spaniah. 

MODELO  No.  1.— CORRE8POin>IENTE  AL  ART.  24  DEL  ArANCEL. 

Factura  de  loe  eigueintes  efedoe,  que  el  que  euaoribe  remite  en  el  huque [aqni  se  de- 

terminai^  la  naoionalidad,  clase  y  nombre  del  baqael  eu  oapitan --r-d  la  con- 

oignadon  de del  oomeroio — del  puerto  de ,  de  m  B^ublioa  Mexioana,  para  donde 

96  di^e  el  buqite. 


S 

9 

I 

§ 

I 


jPeeha:  (TlTma  del  Samitante.) 

■A.— Bi^  aato  ordanae  fSnnnarAB  precrtaamante  laa  fiMtoraa.  aap6oliloandotodoa  y  oadaiino  da  loa 
qfoabi^alUaaraBitan.   La  aoma  dal  total  ndnaro  da  hnltoa,  aa  aTpraaari  tambJan  per  latea. 


346 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


MODELO  No.  2. — CORRBSPONDE  AL  ART.  30  DEL  AraNCEL. 


Manifetto  general  de  Uu  meroancUu  que,  con  deatino  al  puerto  de 
Mexieana^  oakduoe  el  oapitan que  suscribef  dudadano  de 


de  laRtpiSbUoa 

-en  el  huqne  [aqai 
80  detenninart(  la  nacionalidad,  claoe,  nombre  y  tonolados  que  mida  el  bnqael,  canei- 
gnado  d  la  eaea  de  —  eetableeida  en  el  referido  puerio  [6  al  mismo  capitan  6  sobre- 
cargo.] 


i 


» 


T.... 
H.P. 


i 


1      10. 
lA  10. 


1  (Un)  qnintal Ingles.. 
1  (X7n)  qointal  Ingles.. 


I  si 


10  (Diet.). 
10  (Diei.). 


I 

i 


Barriles. 
Teroioe  de  to- 
mmfio  oomnn. 


H 

•  8 

|i 

"•a 

J 

^^i 

1 

Ul 

o 

« 

Yin*  bianco. 

N.N. 

T^idos  de  bX- 

godon. 

N.  N. 

I 


N.  N. 
N.  N. 


Aqni  el  nombre  del  pnerto  y  la  feoha. 

Fiima,  oon  proteeta  del  oapitan,  de  no  tener  ningonoe  otroe  efeetoo  en  sa  bnqae,  y  que  Tiene  oon  la 
intendon  de  eommroiar  legalmente  en  la  BepAblioa. 

NOTA.— Bajo  eate  orden  se  formarA  premaamente  cada  manifeeto  de  baqne,  eepediloando  todoa  y 
eada  nno  de  loe  baltot,  aean  de  la  olaae  qae  fberen.  La  soma  del  total  ntunero  de  bnltoe  se  eaqiresaim 
tambien  por  letra. 

MODELO  No.  3. — CORRESPONDE  AL  ArT.  32  DEL  ARANCEL. 

NoHcio  fue el eapUan  que eueoribe dad  la  Aduana  de eete puerto  de  loe  equipajee  qjus  Hemen 
loe  paeajeroe  que  ka  traido  d  bordo  el  huque prooedente  de . 


Ntunero  de 
bnltos. 

Glaaiiloaoion 
deboltos. 

Noubres  de 
lospasj^eros. 

deeatos. 

•  • 

• 

Feoba 


Finna  del  capitan 


MODELO  No.  4. — CORRESPONDE  AL  ART.  32  DEL  ArANCBL. 

KotMa  que  da  el  capitan  que  eueoribe  d  la  Aduana  de  eete  puerto,  del  eohrante  de  rameho  d 

hordo  del  huque de  eu  numdo . 


bnltos. 

Clasedelas 
efectos. 

Peso  y  med- 
ida  de  ellos. 

Yalores. 

Feoha 


Finna  del  capitan 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEEAL  COUNTBIES. 


347 


MODBLO  No.  5.~CORRE8PONDE  A  LA  FRAC.   I  DEL  ArT.  37  DEL  ABANOEL. 

(Beotyieaeion  (d  adioUm)  de  manifletto.) 

Al  admMtUradior  de  wto  aduana  maritima : 

Como  oapitan  6  sobreoarffo  de  (tal  baqne^  entrado  hoy  en  eete  pnerto,  en  c^eroioio 
del  derecho  que  me  conoeae  el  Arancef  vigente,  hago  las  sigalentee  leotifioaoloneB 
(6  adicionee) : 

Snplico  ^  yd.  mande  bacer  la  deblda  anotacion,  proteetando  prooeder  con  legalidad 
y  bnena  f<6. 

Fecha :  Firma  del  oapitan  6  sobreoargo : . 

Aani  jjondrll  la  adnana  la  feoha  y  bora  de  la  presentacion,  anotando  si  considera  6 
no  aomiBible  la  adioion  6  rectifloacion  expresando  las  lazones  qne  tenga  para  ello. 

Firma  del  admin,  istrador : . 

Firma  del  contador : . 


Es  copia.  Contadnria  de  la  Adnana  maritima  (6  fironteriza)  de  — 

Lafecba: . 

Firma  del  contador : 


Modelo  No.  6.— Gorresponde  al  Art.  38  del  Aranobl. 

De  oerUfloaoianee  e<m8ularee  en  numyieetoe  y  faoturae. 

Kl  precedente  manifiesto,  nnmero  tantos  (6  factnra  numero  tantos),  presentado  en 

lojas  (  en  gaarismo  y  letra)  por (aqui  el  nombre  del  capitan  6  temi- 

tente)  contiene bnltos  (en  gnarismo  y  letra). 

Fecba,  firma  del  c^Snsnl  v  sello  delconsolado. 

Esta  oertifloacion  debera  eecribirse  al  pi^  del  docnmento  respectiyo. 

Modelo  No.  7.— Oorresponde  A  la  Frac.  II.  Art.  40  del  Arancbl. 

De  oerUJUMoUm  e(nuularpara  loe  easoe  de  extravio  de  faotwrae, 
Consnlado,  yice-consnlado  6  agenoia  comeroial  de  los  Estados  Unidos  Mezicanos  en 

El  infraacrito Certiflca :  Qne  segnn  consta  ^  fojas del  libro  de 

registro  de  flacturas  de  eete los  Sres. presentaron  para  sn  legali- 

saoion  en  fecba una  factnra  qne  se  registro  con  el  numero conteni- 

endo bultos  emarcados  en  el  buque su  capitan en  el  yi%je  de 


(aqnl  la  fecha)  los  cnales  remitieron  al  pnerto  de 


coi^signados  a  los  Sres.- 


Y  ^  pedimento  de  los  interesados,  qne  ban  manifestado  baberse  extrayiado  la  fac- 
tnra de  que  se  trata,  expido  la  presente,  habiendoles  autes  adyertido  que  esta  certlflca- 
oion  no  exime  ^  los  consignatimos  de  las  penas  en  qne  incnrran  sesun  la  ley  porfaltas 
one  se  encnentren  en  los  despacbos  de  los  efectos  y  en  los  ejemplares  de  las  mismas 
ncturas.  qne  deben  obrar  en  la  aduana  respectiya,  remitidos  nirectamente  por  este 
cdnsnlaao  (yice-consnlado  6  agencia). 

Fecha: .  Firma: . 

[Sbllo.] 

Modelo  No.  8.— Gorresponde  a  Frac.  I,  Art.  G6  del  Arangel. 

C  AdnUnietradar  de  la  Aduana  maritima : 

Dentro  del  termino  de  la  ley,  bacemos  la  siffuiente  adicion  (6  rectificacion)  tf  la  fac- 
tnra consular  ndmero qne  ampara bnltos  de  mercancias  recibidas  por  yapor 

capitan llegado  ^  este  pnerto . 


M— . 

Kdmeros. 

Niiin.d6  bnltos. 

Dice  1a  fiMtaia. 

Debedsdr. 

P.=3C. 

1 
80 

80 

Trsints  MKMM  oaoao. 

CtoM  cttrtpana 

348 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Proteato  (6  protestamos)  de  bnena  f6. 

Fech^ : — .    Firma  del  importador : . 

Aqni  pondra  la  aduana  la  fecba  y  hora  en  que  fn^  presentada  la  adioion  (6  rectifi' 
cacion)  y  bI  es  d  do  admisible,  expresando  bus  fuDdamentos. 
Firma  del  administrador :  .    Firma  del  contador :  . 


Es  copia.    Contaduria  de  la  aduana  maritima  de 
Fecha: 


Firma  del  contador: 


MODELO  No.  9. — CORRBSPONDB  A  FBAC.   I,  ABT.  84,  DEL  ABANCKL. 

C.  admniifrador  de  la  aduana  maritima  de .' 

Sirvase  vd.  permitir  la  Intemacion  de  los  signientes  efeotOB  que  con  N.  N.  remito  ^ 
^  la  conaignacion  de  n.  n.  , 


i 


a 

a 


U.D. 


1 
10 


I 


10  (dies) 
teroioa. 


a 


9 


I 


i 

I 

I 

9 

•C 

I 

e 


Casimir  de  laiia 
COD  2,000  metros 
cnAdradoe. 


4  $1.40  C8  me- 
tro cnadra- 
d<M. 


$8,800  00 


• 

• 

• 

1 

1 

1 

1 

o 

a 

fli 

p. 
8 

0 

9 

•3 

9 

8 

el 

1 

• 

i 

n 

f^ 

iq 

Vapor  francos 
••France." 

MarsoS 

I 

a 

o 


N.N. 


Dies  tercios  peaando,  braio  600  kiloa. 


Fecha  y  firma  del  intereaado 


Sella  de  la  adoana. 

Pag61o8  dereohoa  de  importacion  correepondientea  (6  los  aaegnrd  4  aatisfacoion  del  contador). 

Firma  del  cont«dor: 

Paae  a  an  destine. 

Firms  del  administrador : 

Sello  de  la  garita  de  salida. 
Cnmplido  y  tornado  raaon. 

Firma  del  celador ;  — —  — 


MODELO  No.   10. — CORRESPONDE  A  LA  FraC.  V,  ART.  77,  DEL  ARANCEL. 

Pedimento  de  deecarga  y  traneiio, 
C.  adminietradw : 

Sirvase  vd.  permitir  la  descarffa  y  autorizar  el  transito  de  los  siguientes  efectoB  qne 

^  la  consignacion  del  que  suscribe,  ban  llegado  en  (tal  buque)  an  capitan 

que  procedente  de fondeo  en  este  puerto  el de de  188—. 


§ 

6 

d 


i 


I 


I 


d 

lis 


t 


•a  o 

9A 

I 

a 


IS 

•CO 


a 

M 


1% 


8aUo  d«  la  oilcina: 


Non.— Qne  flnnarA  el  contador  yiiada  per  el  administrador.  Pago  el  oinoo  por  oiento  de  transito  y 
alla&id  el  total  de  derecbos  de  importacion,  oonforme  al  aranoel. 

Cnando  se  trate  de  efeotos  qne  Uegaen  4  algnna  adoaaa  fh>nteriss  para  pasar  por  el  teritorlo  Hexi- 
cano  se  ezpresarA  la  procedentis  de  ellos,  oaien  haya  sido  el  condactor,  la  leoha  ae  la  U^gada  y  Iss  d»> 
mam  espeoiflcacinnes  qne  conatan  en  laa  casillas 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


349 


MODKLO  No.  11.— CORRKSPONDE  A  FrAC.  XIV,  ART.   78,  del  ARANCEL. 

Pedimento  de  embarque, 
C.  adminiatrador : 

Sirvase  yd.  permitir  el  embarque  de  los  signientes  efectos  que  en  el  buque  (aqui  sa 
nombre)  sa  capitan  N.,  remite  el  que  suscribe  para  (aqiii  el  nombre  del  puerto). 


meros. 

Nam.  de  bnl* 
tos  y  an  olase. 

Ponnenor  de 
los  fratoa  y 
efeotos. 

Sa  Yftlor. 

Note  1. — The  Zona  Libre  limits, — The  Zoua  Libre  is  a  narrow  strip  along  the  Rio 
Grande  from  the  mont)i  to  a  few  miles  above  Nuevo  Laredo  and  back  from  the  river 
not  to  exceed  25  miles,  nor  in  any  case  beyond  the  State  line  of  Tamaulipas. 

Porta  of  first  entry. — The  ports  of  first  entry  are  now  Matamoros,  Camargo,  Mier, 
Guerrero,  and  Nuevo  Laredo. 

Population, — The  estimated  population  of  the  Zona  is  about  50,000. 

For  further  information  as  to  the  Zona  Libre  see  my  report  published  in  Consular 
Monthly  Reports  No.  5,  for  March,  1881,  and  my  No.  SK24,  of  January  27, 1882. 

Note  2. — In  this  report  no  attention  has  been  given  to  the  law  of  Potazgo — toll  or 
duty  on  native  prodacts,  which  obtains  in  the  federal  district  and  in  Lower  California. 

Nor  have  I  been  able  to  collect  sufficient  data  to  properly  show  the  various  local 
municipal  toll  duties  on  foreign  merchandise.  I  am  informed  that  all  such  laws  are 
unconstitutional  aud  should  not  be  enforced.  Yet  in  this  State  such  laws  have  been 
approved  by  the  legislature  for  certain  of  the  cities,  and  may  or  may  not  be  now 
enforced.  lu  this  city  there  is  none  at  present.  In  one  city  in  this  State  the  law  was 
approved  by  the  legislature,  is  unrepealed,  but  is  not  now  enforced. 

In  other  cities  of  this  State  and  in  several  cities  in  the  interior  such  laws  are  said 
to  be  now  enforced. 

Indeed,  while  I  have  not  seen  a  copy  of  the  laws  which  are  in  force  in  Monterey, 
Zacat^ecas,  and  other  interior  cities,  yet  I  have  seen  statements  of  accounts  rendered 
to  merchants  in  this  city  in  which  this  local  tax  has  gone  as  high  as  12^  per  cent,  of 
the  full  Mexican  tariff.     In  others  the  amounts  paid  were  considerably  less. 

I  am  also  informed  that  these  laws  are  not  fully  enforced  in  all  cases,  that  some 
houses  pay  less,  others  pay  in  full,  and  others  again  pay  nothing. 

From  the  nature  of  such  laws  it  will  be  seen  that,  while  they  are  not  stable  and 
uniform  enough 'to  allow  of  their  introduction  in  such  a  report  as  this,  that  they  are 
Devertheless  of  considerable  importance  in  matters  of  local  traffic. 

Note  3. — For  further  information  which  will  be  of  great  importance  to  American 
dealers  in  Mexican  trade,  I  refer  to  the  report  by  Dr.  S.  T.  Trowbridge,  late  United 
States  consul  at  Vera  Cruz,  published  in  volume  2,  page  835,  Commercial  Relations  of 
1879.  I  would  particularly  call  attention  to  Dr.  Trowbridge's  remarks  under  the 
heads  **Ambiguity  of  the  Tariflf  Law,"  "Advice  to  American  Shippers,"  and  the  whole 
of  the  remainder  of  the  report.  It  has,  of  course,  been  modified  in  some  particulars 
by  the  new  tariff,  herewith  translated,  but  with  that  kept  in  mind  I  consider  it  of 
great  value  and  as  applicable  to-day  as  then. 

Note  4. — In  a  report  from  the  United  States  consul,  David  Turner,  esq.,  at  La  Paz, 
Mexico,  dated  December  10,  1880,  and  published  in  the  Monthly  Consular  Reports, 
No.  6,  April,  1881,  in  paragraph  4  is  mentioned  another  serious  inconvenience  to  ship- 
pers. I  quote  the  first  part  of  the  paragraph:  "An  invoice  which  might  be  deemed 
correct  by  a  Mexican  consul,  and  might  pass  one  cuetom-houeff  will  very  likely  be  con- 
aidered  all  wrong  at  another  custom-house,  and  be  subject  to  heavy  fines  and  penalties. 

I  have  italicised  the  particular  point  to  which  I  wish  to  call  attention. 

As  stated  there,  goods  may  pass  one  custom-house  and  go  clear  through  to  the  inte- 
rior destination,  and  then  be  classed  as  something  essentially  different,  of  course  with 
higher  duties^  and  cause  the  corresponding  fines,  double  duties,  and  annoyances. 

in  one  case  which  came  under  my  observation  lately,  the  importer  took  the  decision 
of  this  custom-house  and  paid  duties  in  good  faith,  only  to  cause  the  receiver  of  the 
goods  in  Saltillo  double  duties,  &c.,  from  the  different  classification  of  that  office. 


350  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


ADDITIONAL  DUTIES  ON  IMPOSTS  INTO  MEXICO. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  TURNER,  OF  LA  PAZ. 

Beferring  to  my  dispatch  No.  181,  dated  July  25,  1881,  and  the  men- 
tion therein  made  of  the  import  duty  imposed  upon  lumber,  machinery, 
and  all  other  articles  formerly  admitted  free,  and  the  additional  duty 
upon  all  importations,  I  have  to  say  that  a  careful  consideration  of  the 
new  duties  imposed  convinces  me  that  the  effect  upon  trade  will  be 
more  disastrous  than  I  had  at  first  supposed  it  would  be. 

The  duty  upon  machinery,  although  comparatively  light,  will  be  con- 
sidered by  Americans  engaged  in  mining  and  other  enterprises  in  Mex- 
ico as  indicating  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  Mexican  Government 
to  discourage  such  enterprises,  and  the  duty  on  lumber  nearly  amounts 
to  prohibition. 

The  duty  on  rough  lumber  will  amount  to  from  100  to  150  per  cent, 
upon  the  invoice  value,  and  it  must  be  invoiced  by  weight.  At  least 
one-half  the  lumber  imported  is  brought  on  the  deck  of  vessels,  and, 
being  constantly  wet  on  the  passage,  its  weight  is  greatly  increased  on 
the  voyage. 

Suppose  that  the  lumber  is  invoiced  correctly  at  the  port  of  shipment, 
when  it  arrives  at  the  port  of  discharge  its  weight  will  fai-  exceed  the 
invoiced  weight,  and  then,  under  the  present  law,  will  come  lines,  double 
and  triple  duties,  and  even  imprisonment  for  the  innocent  consignee. 
Under  these  circumstances  it  is  doubtful  if  any  one  will  dare  to  import 
lumber  into  Mexico  after  the  ist  of  November  next,  when  this  law  goes 
into  effect. 

What  is  the  motive  of  the  Mexican  Government  in  imposing  such  an 
extraordinary  duty  on  lumber  f  It  cannot  be  to  protect  Mexi<'an  indus- 
tries, for  Mexico  does  not  contain  within  its  limits  any  wood  that  can 
take  the  place  of  the  redwood  and  pine  of  California  and  Oregon,  and 
it  cannot  be  for  the  purpose  of  raising  a  revenue,  for,  if  that  were  the 
motive,  a  moderate  duty  would  have  been  imposed  and  not  an  enormous 
one,  under  restrictions  and  penalties  which  may  prevent  the  importa- 
tion altogether. 

I  conceive  that  the  real  motive  is  to  prevent  trade  wkh  the  United 
States,  and  to  discourage  mining  and  other  enterprises  in  Mexico  by 
Americans.  Whoever  will  take  the  trouble  to  examine  the  Mexican 
tariff  will  find  that  prohibitory  duties  are  imposed  upon  almost  every 
article  which  was  formerly  imported,  exclusively  or  generally,  from  the 
United  States,  and  on  these  facts  I  base  my  opinion. 

Besides  these  new  duties,  another  decree  has  been  published,  which, 
although  dated  three  days  anterior  to  the  one  already  mentioned,  was 
not  published  here  until  the  lOtb  instant.  This  decree  imposes  another 
additional  duty  of  2  per  cent,  upon  all  imports,  5  cents  per  ton  additional 
tonnage  duty  on  all  sail  vessels  bringing  merchandise,  and  a  new  duty 
of  5  cents  per  ton  on  steamers,  sail  vessels  in  ballast,  and  vessels  laden 
with  coals,  all  of  which  were  heretofore  exempted  from  tonnage  duties. 

All  these  additional  duties  will  have  little  or  no  effect  upon  importa- 
tions from  Europe.  Those  who  purchase  in  Europe,  importing  as  they 
do  in  large  quantities  and  by  cargoes,  will  continue  to  do  in  the  future 
as  they  have  done  in  the  past,  make  special  contracts  for  the  admission 
of  their  goods  with  the  <^  minister  of  hacienda"  and  the  collector  of  the 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         351 

"poTt  of  entiy ;  but  those  who  purchase  in  the  United  States,  generally 
purchasing  in  small  lots,  will  pay  full  duties,  and  on  them  the  burden  of 
those  additional  duties  will  fall.  Every  merchant  on  this  western  coast 
of  Mexico  understands  that  full  duties  must  be  paid  on  all  goods  pur- 
chased in  the  United  States,  while  the  same  class  of  goods  purchased 
in  Europe  will  pay  from  25  to  40  per  cent,  less,  and  notwithstanding  all 
this  they  still  purchase  a  large  amount  of  goods  in  the  United  States. 
The  result  of  a  state  of  affairs  which  would  admit  American  goods  into 
Mexico  ax>on  equal  terms  with  European  goods  can  easily  be  imagined. 

DAVID  TURNER, 

Consul. 
United  States  Constjlatb, 

La  Pazj  August  25, 1881. 


EXPOST  DUTIES  07  MEXICO. 

SSPORT  BT  OONBVL-QENERAL  BTROTHEB, 

In  reply  to  the  Department  circular  letter  of  date  February  15,  ultimo, 
requesting  all  accessible  information  on  the  subject  of  export  duties, 
&C.,  I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  all  the  information  I  have  been  enablea 
to  procure,  to  wit,  a  copy  of  the  tariff  laws  of  1880  relating  to  export 
duties ;  a  notice  of  the  repeal  of  the  export  tax  on  the  precious  metals, 
and  translation  of  a  circular  from  the  Mexican  treasury  department 
substituting  the  rules  of  the  tariff  of  1880 ;  and  a  printed  copy  of  the 
law  relating  to  the  income  of  the  Oovemment  for  the  fiscal  year  begin- 
ning July  1, 1883,  and  ending  June  30, 1884,  with  an  English  translation 
of  the  paragraphs  which  relate  to  the  subject  of  export  duties. 

As  the  Mexican  Government  is  now  engaged  in  revising  and  reform- 
ing all  branches  of  its  administration,  and  as  the  questions  of  finance 
are  of  present  and  vital  interest,  everything  directly  or  indirectly  con- 
nected with  the  public  revenues  has  become  a  subject  of  especial  and 
earnest  consideration.  Consequently,  the  tariff  laws  have  been  recently 
subjected  to  notable  changes  and  modifications,  and  will  doubtless  be 
still  further  revised  and  modified  to  meet  the  requirements  of  an  increas- 
ing foreign  commerce  and  the  growing  responsibilities  of  the  Oovern- 
ment. 

DAVID  H.  STROTHER, 

OonsuhQeneral. 

United  States  Consulate, 

City  of  Mexico^  June  8,  1883. 


Meiican  tariff  laws  of  1880. ' 

Chapter  XVII.— Exportation. 

Art.  78.  I.  National  products,  goods  and  manufactured  articlM,  are  free  of  export 
duties,  with  the  exception  of  Mexican  antinuities,  the  exportation  of  which  is  still 

grohibitedy  and  of  gold,  silveri  precious  wooos,  and  archil,  which  shall  pay  the  duties 
erein  below  expressed. 

II.  Silver  coined  dollars  sent  to  ports  or  frontier  custom-houses  shall  pay  at  the 
point  of  exit  an  export  duty  of  five  per  cent.,  and  gold  coin  one-half  per  cent. 


352         TAEIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

III.  Small  silver  or  gold  coin  taken  to  ports  and  frontier  custom-houses  for  circu- 
lation therein  shall  pay.  upon  being  exported,  the  five  and  the  half  per  cent.,  ro- 
epeotively,  fixed  in  tne  loreffoin^  clause. 

lY.  Gold  and  silver  coin,  bullion  and  silver  plate,  sent  to  ports  or  to  frontier  cus- 
tom-houses for  their  exportation  or  circulation,  shall  be  transported  with  the  permit 
issued  by  the  revenue  officers,  if  the  latter  reside  at  the  points  from  whence  such 
metal  is  taken  out,  or  by  the  stamp  acents,  and  by  the  custom-house  collector  of  the 
federal  district  when  the  said  coin  or  Dullion  is  sent  from  said  district. 

y.  Silver  bullion  upon  being  exported  shall  pay  five  per  cent,  on  the  value  thereof 
as  export  duty ;  four  dollars  and  forty-one  cents  per  cent,  upon  the  same  value  as 
coinage  dues,  and  two  dollars  for  each  piece  not  exceeding  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
five  marcs  as  melting  and  assay  dues. 

Oold  bullion,  upon  being  exported,  shall  pay  one-half  per  cent,  upon  the  value 
thereof,  as  export  duty  four  dollars  six  huudrea  and  eighteen  thousandths  per  cent, 
of  the  same  value  as  coinage  dues,  and  two  dollars  per  piece  not  exceeding  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty-five  marcs  as  melting  and  assay  dues. 

Silver  bullion  taken  out  of  mines  in  the  territory  of  Lower  California  shall,  upon 
being  exported,  pay  only  five  per  cent,  on  value  thereof,  the  marc  of  silver  being  esti- 
mated to  be  worth  eight  dollars. 

VI.  Silver  foreign  plate,  or  worked  into  any  form,  shall,  upon  being  exported,  pay 
five  per  cent,  upon  value  of  the  same,  besides  the  duties  it  has  to  pay  as  assay  and 
mint  dues. 

VII.  Small  silver  and  gold  pieces  shall  not  pay  any  export  duty,  but  the  conveyers 
of  the  same  are  nevertheless  obliged  to  provide  themselves  with  the  corresponding 
permit  in  order  to  carry  such  coin  to  any  port. 

VIII.  Gold  or  silver  coin,  silver  plate,  or  bullion,  destined  for  exportation  or  circu- 
lation at  any  port  or  frontier  custom-house,  conveyed  without  the  permit  referred  to 
in  clause  II  of  this  article,  shall  be  liable  to  the  penalty  of  confiscation,  and  in  all 
other  respects  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  said  article. 

IX.  Timber  for  building  purposes  and  precious  woods  shall  pay  one  dollar  and  fifty 
cents  per  ton  (measure)  of  such  wood  exported,  when  it  is  exported  through  a  port 
open  to  foreign  trade. 

When  such  exportation  is  made  through  some  point  not  open  to  foreign  trade,  one 
dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  ton.  registered  by  the  exporting  vessel,  shall  be  paid  at  the 
custom-house  which  grants  tne  corresponding  permit,  from  which  there  shall  only  be 
deducted  the  space  occupied  by  national  goods  previously  shipped  on  board  the  said 
vessel. 

Timber  loaded  on  deck  shall  pay  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  ton  besides  the  du- 
ties paid  for  the  number  of  tons  registered  by  the  vessel,  and  in  case  of  any  clandes- 
tine exportation,  the  penalty  of  losing  such  timber  will  be  increased. 

X.  Archie  (orchilla)  shall  pay  an  export  duty  of  ten  dollars  per  ton. 

XI.  Foreign  and  national  vessels  arriving  at  ports  of  the  republic  which  are  only 
open  to  coasting  trade  for  the  sole  purpose  of  shipping  cattle  or  timber,  are  not  obliged 
to  solicit  any  permit  therefor  from  the  corresponding  custom-house  open  to  foreign 
trade,  but  in  all  cases  they  shall  bring  with  them  the  respective  manifest  as  provided 
for  in  Clause  III,  Art.  31,  of  .this  tariff. 

XII.  Vessels  to  which  the  foregoing  provision  refers  shall  not  be  allowed  to  anchor 
at  any  bar  or  harbor  but  the  one  port  open  to  coasting  trade  mentioned  in  their  mani- 
fest, excepting  in  cases  of  uncontrollable  circumstances,  or  of  vis  major;  when  the 
provisions  contained  in  Chapter  X  of  this  tariff  will  have  to  be  observed. 

XIII.  Maritime  custom-houses  shall  allow  the  conveyance  of  domestic  products  from 
any  point  on  the  coast  to  ports  open  to  foreign  trade,  on  all  kinds  of  vessels,  under 
the  vigilance  which  they  may  deem  necessary  in  order  to  prevent  frauds. 

XIV.  For  the  exportation  of  national  products  and  goods  a  petition  in  quadruple 
shall  be  presented  in  form  of  model  No.  11,  the  said  exportation  being  subject  to  the 
provisions  contained  in  the  general  maritime  and  frontier  custom-house  regulations. 

Art.  79.  The  national  vessels,  and  in  want  of  those  the  foreign  ones,  after  having 
finished  their  discharge  in  the  port  or  ports  to  which  they  have  been  destined,  can 
proceed  to  any  place  on  the  coast,  even  if  there  should  be  no  custom-house,  in  order 
to  load  national  merchandise,  obtaining  previously  the  permission  of  the  collector  of 
the  corresponding  maritime  custom-house. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  353 


EXPORT  TARIFF  OF  GUERRERO. 

RSPOBT  BT  VIOS'OONSUL  WfNSLOW,  OF  QVERRERO. 

MARKET  PRICES. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  leading  articles  of  cousumptiony  both 
native  and  imported : 

Beef perpoand..  |0  04 

Idird w do )25 

Pork do 06 

Kids each..        50 

Chickens do 12 

Hens do....        50 

Milk perqnart..        12 

Eggs per  dozen..        37 

Salt per  pound..        06 

Siearine  candles •. each..        03 

Sugar: 

Bmwn  Mexican perpoand..        06 

White  Mexican .do....        25 

White  American do....        18 

Coffee do 25 

Beans perpeok..     1  00 

Flour perpoand..        12 

Rite do 12 

Petroleum per  can..  2  50 

Alcubol per  ffallon..  1  50 

Canned  fi-uits per  half  can..       25 

Starch per  pound..       12 

Tobacco do 25 

Cotton  shirting per  yard..      12 

Calicoes do 12 

Freuch  ca^simeres per  cut..  6  00 

United  States '. do....  4  00 

Mexican  * do 3  00 

Soap per  pound..      25 

Tariff  for  the  city  of  Guerrero,  for  arHoles  exported,  wkick  go  to  make  up  the  municipal  fund, 

1.  For  every  kind  of  animal  killed  for  purpose  of  speculation $0  25 

2.  For  every  head  of  horses,  mules,  or  cattle  taken  out  of  the  country 1  00 

3.  For  every  head  of  horses,  mules,  or  cattle  taken  into  the  interior 12^ 

4.  For  every  fat  pork  which  is  taken  out  of  town  or  which  is  killed  in  town 

for  purpose  of  speculating 06J 

5.  For  every  beef  hide  taken  out  of  town 03^ 

6.  For  every  thousand  head  of  sheep  or  goats  taken  oat  of  the  country 12  00 

7.  For  every  thousand  head  of  sheep  or  goats  taken  outside  of  the  limits  of 

the  town 1  00 

8.  For  every  horse,  mule,  or  jackass  taken  oat  of  the  limits  of  the  town  ....  25 

9.  The  mares  and  she  asses  taken  out  of  the  country,  for  each 2  00 

10.  Each  mare  and  she  ass  taken  out  of  the  mnuioipality  to  any  other  part  of 

the  republic  will  pay 25 

11.  Every  arroba  (25  pounds)  of  wool  raised  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the 

town,  will  pay  for  its  extraction  to  any  part  of  the  republic,  or  outside 

of  its  limits 01| 

12.  Each  skin  of  sheep  or  goats,  for  its  extraction  to  other  ports,  will  pay .  ^. .  01  j 

13.  Each  cart  which  enters  town  for  speculative  purposes  will  pay  what  is 

called  "  el  piso" 12^ 

14.  Every  hundred  of  sugar-cane,  to  enter 12^ 

15.  Every  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  earthenware  of  the  country  will  pay  one 

percent,  to  enter 1  00 

16.  Evenr  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  foreign  earthenware  will  pay  one  and  a 

huf  per  cent,  to  enter  the  town 1  GO 

17.  Every  hundred  oranges  that  are  sold 12( 

17S4  CONG — A  P ^23 


354  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

18.  All  sorts  of  wood,  worked,  of  this  or  other  countries,  to  enter,  will  pay  for 

each  foot fO  01 

19.  Each  thousand  of  garlic  or  onions  will  pay 1  00 

tJO.  Each  gallon  of  alcoholic  liquor,  to  enter OGi- 

21.*  Each  gallon  of  other  wines  or  vinegar,  to  ent«r , 01^ 

22.  Every  package  of  dry  merchandise,  to  enter 12^ 

23.  All  sorts  of  grain,  with  the  exception  of  com,  will  pay  to  enter,  on  each 

arroba 02 

24.  Every  billiard  table  will  pay  monthly 2  00 

25.  All  other  establishments  of  whatever  kind  will  pay,  according  to  the  pleasure  of 

the  town  authorities,  a  monthly  tax,  according  to  the  amount  of  their  capital. 

All  articles  which  are  Dot  contained  in  the  present  tariff  remain  sab- 
ject  to  the  pleasure  of  the  authorities  of  the  city  of  Guerrero  to  levy 
upon  them  a  contribution  which  they  think  just  and  ri^ht. 

CHAKLES  WINSLOW, 

ViceConsuL 
United  States  Consulate, 

Gnerreroj  MexicOj  January  12, 1883. 


OPESATION  OF  MEXICAH  TAEIFP  LAWS. 

REPORT  BT  CONSUL  TURNER,  OF  LA  PAZ, 

The  trade  and  commerce  of  this  port  is  far  from  being  in  a  pros- 
perous condition,  and  instead  of  increasing  appears  lo  be  daily  dimin- 
ishing. All  branches  of  business  are  in  a  very  depressed  condition,  and 
dull  times  and  little  money  is  a  general  complaint  among  all  classes. 

It  woulfl  seem  that  a  better  state  of  affairs  should  exist,  as  we  have 
bad  a  very  favorable  season ;  more  rain  has  fallen  than  for  many  pre 
vious  years ;  the  mines  are  producing  more  silver  than  formerly,  and 
the  country  has  remained  quiet  since  the  revolution  of  November,  1879. 

I  can  see  no  reason  for  the  general  depression  except  in  the  tariff  on 
imports,  the  manner  in  which  business  is  conducted  in  the  customhouse, 
the  law  of  the  31st  May,  1879,  imposing  extraordinary  penalties  upon 
violations  of  the  revenue  laws,  and  the  recent  enforcement  of  an  old  law 
of  "  Portazgo,"  or  law  imposing  duties  upon  domestic  goods,  introduced 
into  La  Paz  from  other  parts  of  Mexico,  which  weighs  heavily  upon 
every  inhabitant  The  duties  on  imports,  with  the  addition  of  the  fines, 
double  and  triple  duties,  &c.,  which  are  imposed,  raise  the  cost  of  all 
articles  so  high  that  the  people  can  scarcely  earn  enough  to  give  them 
a  bare  subsistence,  and  they  have  not  a  dollar  ti)  si>are  for  superfluities; 
»nd  the  merchants  are  really  afraid  to  import  goods,  for  it  appears  im- 
possible to  have  them  so  documented  as  to  escai)e  fines  and  double  and 
triple  duties.  Only  last  month  a  merchant  here  was  forced  to  pay  a  fine 
of  $«i50  for  some  slight  error  in  the  documents  covering  a  small  invoice. 

An  invoice  which  might  be  deemed  correct  by  a  Mexican  consul,  and 
might  pass  one  custom  house,  will  very  likely  be  considered  all  wrong 
at  another  custom- house,  and  be  subjected  to  heavy  tines  and  penalties. 
I  am  confident  that  there  is  not  an  officer  in  the  customhouse  at  La  Paz 
who,  being  in  San  Francisco,  can  make  out  an  invoice  which  would  be 
considered  correct  in  his  own  custom-house. 

The  custom-house  officers  appear  to  think  that  their  principal  duties 
are  to  put  the  importers  to  all  possible  trouble  and  expense,  and  to  find 
ways  and  means  to  impose  fines,  and  they  are  generally  sustained  by 
the"  Treasury  Department.  I  will  give  an  instance:  A  package  of  as- 
sorted candy  sent  as  samples,  and  valued  at  $4,  was  recently  sent  by  a 
manufacturer  in  San  Francisco  to  a  merchant  here.  It  was  invoiced 
'^^Azacar  candi,"  which  I  think  was  correct,  and  I  do  not  see  how  it 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         355 

conld  b© properly  called  by  any  other  name;  but  the  customhouse  de- 
cided that  it  was  wrongly  invoiced,  and  imposed  duties,  fines,  &c.,  to 
the  amount  of  $11.59  on  the  little  package  of  samples  valued  at  $4; 
and  similar  cases,  frequently  on  a  much  larger  scale,  are  of  common 
occurrence. 

Besides  all  this,  the  importer  always  has  the  fear  that  under  the  law 
of  May,  1879,  some  little  eiror  in  his  invoice  may  not  only  cause  him  to 
be  fined,  but  also  imprisoned,  and  he  really  incurs  almost  as  much  risk 
as  the  stnuggler,  without  the  chance  of  the  same  profit.  In  my  opinion 
the  only  efiect  the  law  of  May,  1879,  has  had  has  been  to  encourage 
smuggling  and  to  discourage  importation  through  legitimate  channels. 

The  law  of  ^^Portazgo"  bears  sUll  more  heavily  on  the  people  gen- 
erally than  does  the  duty  on  importations;  but  I  will  make  that  the 
subject  of  a  future  dispatch. 

There  appears  to  be  no  remedy  for  these  things,  and  under  these  cir- 
cumstances it  cannot  reasonably  be  expected  that  the  imports  of  La 
Paz  will  be  increased  to  any  considerable  extent  in  the  future. 

No  American  or  other  foreign  vessel,  except  the  monthly  mail  steamer, 
has  entered  this  port  since  last  August,  and  no  vessel  is  expected ;  and 
it  appears  that  the  foreign  trade  of  La  Paz  is  at  an  end  for  the  present. 

DAVID  TUKNER, 

ConsnL 

United  States  Consulate, 

La  Paz^  Mexico^  December  10, 1880. 


MEXICAH  TAEUT  ON  BSEADSTUFFS. 

AMEBICAN  GOODS  IN  MEXICO. 

As  to  the  articles  manufactured  in  the  United  States  that  are  finding 
a  market  in  this  country,  it  is  encouraging  to  see  that  they  are  con- 
stantly acquiring  an  increasing  popularity.  We  will  hold  the  ground 
we  have  and  extend  the  field  of  occupation  if  our  artisans  and  manu- 
facturers continue  to  excel  in  the  superior  quality  of  articles  they  pro- 
duce. Our  machinery,  tools,  cutlery,  clocks,  watches,  sewing-machines, 
arms,  wooden  wares,  hardware,  brooms,  and  woven  fabrics  are  justly 
more  popular  and  more  eagerly  sought  for  than  the  same  articles  from 
Europe.  Some  of  these  articles  are  being  imitated  in  Europe,  and  are 
finding  their  way  here.  The  tendency  of  this  nefarious  trade  is  in  two 
ways  to  depress  and  injure  our  good  name  and  intentions:  First,  by 
destroying  our  well-earned  reputation  by  making  our  manufacturers 
seem  to  acknowledge  somebody  else's  illegitimate  offspring  by  forging 
to  worthless  articles  some  well-established  name  or  mark;  and,  secondly, 
by  ruining  the  prices  and  confidence  of  the  consumers,  who  may  not 
have  the  means  of  comparison  and  distinguishing  the  genuine  from  the 
false.  When  Europeans  resort  to  such  dishonorable  practices,  they 
acknowledge  thereby  their  own  inferiority,  and  offer  a  potent  admoni- 
tion to  our  citizens  not  to  seek  to  lower  in  anything  the  present  standard 
of  their  excellence.  We  cannot  compete  with  them  in  worthless  manu- 
factures, and  we  ought  not  to  exercise  our  faculties  in  that  direction. 

Many  articles,  such  as  flour,  canned  groceries  of  all  kinds,  potatoes, 
&c.,  conld  find  a  ready  and  extensive  market  here  if  the  tariff  were  not 
prohibitory.  Eight  dollars  a  barrel  on  flour  makes  it  impossible  to  im- 
port it  into  Mexico  without  loss.  These  high  rates  on  the  staple  articles 
of  family  consumption  render  living  very  expensive  in  a  land  where  it 
should  be  the  cheapest. 


356         TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

GUATEMAIiA. 
THE  TAEUT  07  GUATEMALA. 

TEAN8LATSD  AND  TRANSMITTED  ST  CONSUL  TITV8. 

CHAI>TKR    1. 
PORT  DUES. 

Art.  2.  The  oaptains  or  consigoees  of  merchant  ships  which  may  anchox  in  a  port 
of  the  republic  shall  pav  two  pesos  (dollars)  as  anchorage  dnes,  which  shall  not  be 
again  colleoted  thon^h  the  ship  may  toach  in  other  ports  of  the  repnblic. 

Abt.  3.  The  following  are  excepted  from  paying  anchorage  dues : 

1st.  Ships  of  war  of  friendly  nations,  and  transports  accompanying  them,  when 
they  may  be  permitted  to  enter  and  anchor  in  the  ports  of  the  lepnblic. 

2a.  Ships  of  the  nation  in  their  first  Toyage  of  exportation  and  importation. 

3d.  Vessels  of  less  than  25  tons  register. 

4th,  Ships  obliged  to  put  into  the  ports  of  the  repnblio  by  storms,  damage,  or  per- 
secution of  enemie#. 

Art.  4.  Merchant  vessels  which  may  anchor  in  the  ports  of  the  republic  shall  pay 
as  tonnage  due  25  centavos  (cents)  for  each  ton,  aceordine  to  the  register. 

Art.  5.  The  following  are  excepted  from  the  payment  of  tonnage  dues: 

1st.  Ships  of  war  of  friendly  nations,  alihongh  they  may  disembark  or  tranship 
merchandise  or  specie  pertaining  t-o  their  respective  Governments. 

2d.  Ships  of  this  country  in  their  first  voyage  of  importation  or  exportation. 

3d.  Those  which  may  come  in  ballast  to  load  with  products  of  the  country,  even 
though  they  disembark  not  exceeding  ten  tons  of  merchandise. 

4th.  Those  which  dibembark  or  tranship  only  stone-coal,  or  precious  metals  in 
bullion  or  coin. 

5th.  Those  which  bring  more  than  twenty-five  immigrants. 

6th.  Those  which  are  forced  to  put  into  one  of  the  ports  of  the  republic,  though 
they  transship  or  disembark  the  whole  or  a  part  of  their  cargo  to  be  re-exported. 

Art.  6.  Harbor  and  tonnage  dues  shall  bo  collected  in  the  nnt  principal  port  (jnierto 
mayor)  to  which  she  may  come. 

Art.  7.  Tonnage  clues  shall  be  collected  only  once  fh>m  ships  which  make  voyages 
from  one  port  to  another  of  the  republic;  but  if  they  touch  at  a  foreign  port  or  re- 
main more  than  thirty  days  on  the  high  seas,  upon  their  return  they  shall  again  pay 
the  said  dues. 

Art.  H.  Merchant  ships  shall  pay  as  roll  dues  25  centavos  for  each  person  of  their 
crew,  including  the  captaiu. 

Art.  9.  Roll  dues  shall  be  collected  in  the  principal  ports  by  the  administrators  of 
the  custom-honse  of  the  same. 

Art.  10.  Anchorage,  rounoge,  and  roll  dues  shall  not  be  collected  from  ships  ex- 
cepted from  paying  them  by  treaties  or  by  contracts  celebrated  by  the  executive 
power. 

IMPORTATION  OF  MERCHANDISE  AND  DUTIES. 

Section  h—Arlivks  the  importation  of  which  is  prohibited,  and  classyication  of  thoee  of 

licit  commerce. 

Art.  2.  The  importation  of  all  classes  of  merchandise  not  excepted  b^  the  law,  if 
allowed,  without  distinction  as  to  the  flag  of  the  ship  in  which  they  are  imported,  or 
of  the  derivation  or  origin  of  the  merchandise. 

Art.  12.  The  importation  by  private  individuals  of  the  following  articles  is  prohib- 
ited: 

Apparatus  for  coining;  balls  of  lead  or  iron,  bombs,  hand-grenades,  and  other  pro- 
jectiles of  war;  cannons  or  pieces  of  artillery;  carbines,  rifles,  or  muskets;  obscene 
pictures,  books,  and  objects,  and  those  contrary  to  morality  and  good  customs;  false 
money ;  nitrate  of  potassium  or  saltpeter,  exceeding  one  arroba  (25  pounds) ;  nitro- 
glycerine and  dynamite;  powder  of  all  kinds,  exceeding  2  pounds;  raw  tobacco; 
manufactured  tobacco,  exceeding  5  pounds. 

Art.  13.  Merchandise  imported  into  the  republic  is  divided  into  six  classes: 

1st.  Articles  exempt  from  import  duties. 

2d.  Articles  paying  10  per  cent. 

3d.  Articles  paying  25  per  cent. 

4th.  Articles  paying  70  per  cent. 

5th.  Commerce  with  the  republics  of  Central  America. 

6th.  Commerce  with  the  Mexican  Republic. 

Art.  14.  The  appraisements  established  in  this  code  shall  be  the  basis  fbr  the  ool- 
2 fiction  of  import  duties. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         357 

* 

Section  2. — Ariiclet  exempt  from  import  duties, 

0 

Art.  15.  The  followiDg  articles  are  exempt  from  import  duties: 
Barbed  wire  and  faookn  for  fences^  animals,  dead  or  living,  for  breeding ;  anchors 
and  girt-lines;  apparatus  for  prodncmg  light  from  carbonated  hydrogen  gas;  rice  in 
0aiD;  quicksilver;  boats,  tackle,  sails,  and  other  necessaries  for  ships  for  the  use  of 
the  ports  and  lakes  of  the  republic ;  mineral  ores;  stone-coal ;  rye ;  Roman  cement  or 
hydraulic  lime;  diamonds  and  other  precious  stones,  unmounted ;  edifices  complete,  of 
wood  or  iron :  eflfects  imported  for  tne  account  of  the  nation  or  the  municipatities,  for 
the  service  of  the  public  or  of  charitable  establishments ;  effocts  introduced  by  dip- 
lomatic ministers  resident  in  the  republic,  for  their  own  use,  provided  that  tJiis  priv-« 
ilege  is  reciprocal,  and  that  the  requisitions  of  this  code  are  fulfilled  (consuls  and 
vice-consuls  do  not  enjoy  this  exemption) ;  baggage  of  passengers  (by  this  being  under- 
stood objects  of  their  personal  use  and  indispensable  instruments  of  their  profession 
or  business,  in  quantity  proportioned  to  the  class  and  circumstances  of  the  owners, 
and  furniture  already  used,  belonging  to  persons  coming  to  establish  themselves  in 
the  oountrv) ;  ordinary  packings,  when  duties  on  the  articles  are  not  assessed  on  the 
gross  weiffht  (in  bales^  the  packing  cloth,  oiled  cloth,  side-boards,  and  straps  will  be 
consideaia  packing;  in  boxe^,  the  lining  of  tin  or  zinc,  the  card-board,  paper,  and 
casks,  iF  they  ace  not  expressly  included  in  the  corrcMBponding  -sppraisemttiit ;  no 
blankets,  sheets,  or  other  article  mentioned  in  the  fourth  and  fifth  sections  of  this 
chapter  shaU  be  considered  as  packing);  iron  in  pigs  or  masses  of  not  less  than  fifty 
pounds  in  weight ;  photographs  and  views  of  the  country ;  fragments  and  rig;ging 
of  shipwrecked  vessels;  beans;  pease,  guano  and  other  manures;  fuse  for  miues; 
hay  and  other  fodders  not  mentioned ;  crucibles  and  other  instrumeuts  for  assaying 
metals;  lodestonc;  fire-bricks  and  crucibles  for  founding;  fresh  vegetables:  books, 
used;  rough  lumber;  machines  unknown  in  the  country  and  applicable  to  industry 
or  agriculture;  maize ;  models  of  machines  and  buildings ;  molds  for  making  flowers; 
samples  of  merchandise  whose  value  does  not  exceed  one  dollar;  gold  and  silver  in  * 
bullion,  dust,  or  coin ;  potatoes :  periodicals,  loose  or  bound  ;  exotic  plants  and  their 
seeds;  portraits  belonging  to  families  resident  in  the  country  ;  seeds  of  flowers,  veg- 
etables, or  other  kinds  not  specified  in  this  chapter ;  articles  for  the  wharves  of  the 
ports;  articles  for  telegraphs. 

Skction  3. — ArticieB  pafing  \0  per  cent. 

Art.  16.  Ten  per  cent,  on  the  principal  value,  according  to  original  invoices,  shall 
be  collected  for  the  introduction  of  the  following  articles: 

Acids  applicable  to  the  arts  and  industries  of  the  country,  not  included  in  the  tariif 
of  drugs  and  medicines ;  nautical  compasses  or  needles ;  knitting-needles ;  crude  cotton, 
with  or  without  the  seed :  oil-cloth,  or  rubber-cloth  for  making  hats ;  hour  glasses  or 
sand  clocks ;  plows  of  all  classes ;  noops  of  wood  or  iron  for  barrels,  hogsheads,  &,e. ; 
tar  of  all  kinds ;  barometers ;  barrels,  pipes,  and  hogsheads,  empty ;  iron  pumps, 
with  or  without  piping,  for  mines,  irrigating,  or  fires :  iron,  lead,  or  zinc  piping  for 
aqueducts,  gas  works,  &c.;  wire  masks  for  robbing  l>ee-hives ;  geographical  maps 
or  charts ;  wa^^ens  or  carts  of  all  kinds,  with  their  equipage,  except  namees ;  hand- 
oarts  of  all  kinds;  stone  paste-board  (f)  ^carton  piedra)  or  other  inventions  for 
roofs :  barley ;  horse-hair ;  crucibles ;  exeroise-books  of  writing,  drawing,  or  math- 
ematics for  use  of  schooM ;  sketches  or  patterns  on  paper  for  embroidery ;  artifi- 
cial teeth;  staves;  axles,  tires,  and  wneels  for  wagons,  carts»  or  hand-carts; 
wheelbarrows ;  globes  of  all  kinds  for  study :  marble  statutes  for  models,  natural 
«ize;  raathematical-iiistrument  cases;  surgical-instrument  ca^es;  metal  checks  for 
use  in  haciendas;  blacksmiths' bellows,  blocks  for  tackles,  wood  or  iron;  shoe-lasts 
and  hat-blocks:  printing  materials  for  offices;  instruments  useful  in  the  sciences, 
arts,  and  agriculture,  not  classified  in  this  code ;  gold  jewelry  of  at  least  i^%  fine,  and 
silver  of  -^tsj  rushes,  straw,  and  palm  leaf  for  furniture  or  hats ;  sheet-iron  for  roofs ; 
wool,  carded  or  uncarded ;  type  for  printing ;  printed  books;  machines  for  agriculture, 
milling,  and  other  arts,  sciences,  and  industries,  and  also  single  pieces  belonging  to 
saiil  machines;  marbles,  rough  and  without  polish;  mausoleums  or  sarcophagi  of 
stone;  wood,  prepared  for  edifices;  longitudinal  measures;  candle-molds;  sugar- 
molds  ;  music,  printed  and  manusciipt ;  levels ;  paper  for  printing,  in  sheets  of  at 
least  100  by  65  centimeters ;  lightning-rods  and  necessaries ;  patterns  for  tailors  and 
dress-makers ;  rabbit  or  hare  hair  for  making  hats ;  cauldrons  or  boilers  of  iron  or 
copper  for  sugar-mills ;  lead  for  roofs,  in  the  rou^h  or  in  plates ;  hydraulic  presses  for 
maKing  oil  or  applicable  to  agricultural  productions ;  lithographic  stones :  slates  for 
roofing ;  tower  clocks,  their  dials  and  bells ;  gold  watches  of  at  least  -^^  fine,  and 
silver  ones  of  -fft^i  platform  scales  for  weighing  more  than  5,000  pounds ;  printers' 
ink ;  wheat;  plate  table  service  of  silver  of^at  least  -ff^  fine,  and  of  gold  of  -ftHAry 
poison  for  curing  hides ;  zinc  in  bars. 


358 


TARIFFS   OF   TUE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Section  4. — Jrticle$  paying  25  per  cent, 
Abt.  17.  The  followiDg  articles  shall  pay  25  per  cent,  on  their  appraisement: 


Articles. 


Steel  in  hsrs  or  pistes,  onworked,  ktoss  weight cwt. . 

Hsnnoninms.... escli.. 

Hsmess: 

For  two  hones,  with  silyer  omsments psir. . 

For  one  horse,  with  silver  ornaments each.. 

For  two  horses,  with  or  withoat  omsment«  of  ordinary  metal pair. . 

For  one  horse,  with  op  without  ornaments  of  ordinary  metal each . . 

For  wagons,  carts  sud  plows do 

Closed  carnages  With  four  wheels,  elevated  seat  for  driver,  and  lined  with  silk  In- 
side   each.. 

Same,  not  lined  with  silk do 

Open  carriages: 

Four  wheels,  silk  lining do 

Foar  wheels,  not  lined  with  silk do 

Two  wheels,  sll  classes do 

Foar  wheels,  ordinary,  wooden  bed,  for  passengers do 

Varnished  leather  for  shoes,  holsters,  carriage  ornaments,  and  other  uses,  with 
paper  packings pound.. 

Calf-skin  leather  for  shoes  or  carriage  awnings,  paper  packings do  . . . 

Leather  of  aheepskin,  goat,  chamois,  morooco,  baffslo.  solti  leather,  upper  leather, 
and  other  hides,  withoat  nair  and  withoat  varnish,  not  specified  in  this  code,  with 
paper  packing pound.. 

Carriage  axles  and  springs,  net  weight do 

Elastic  of  sll  kinds,  for  shoes yard.. 

Tin,  iu  bars  or  plates,  gross  weight cwt. . 

Thread  of  wool,  for  embroidery  or  wearing,  incloding  weight  of  packings,  .pound. . . 

Thread,  yam,  or  wicking  of  cotton,  orade  or  bleached,  for  weiuing,  gross 
weight pound.. 

Thread,  yam,  of  red  cotton,  gross  weight do 

Thread,  yam,  of  other  colors,  gross  weight do 

Sheet  tin,  gross  weight do 

Pianos: 

Grand each.. 

Half  grand do 

Upright,  all  classes do 

Square,  triple  stringed do  ... 

Square,  doable  stringed do 

Square,  single  string^  or  monochord do 

Empty  sacks,  for  ezporung  fhiits  of  the  ootmtry do 


Appraise- 
ment 

DntiM. 

$6  00 
60  00 

01  60 
15  00 

200  00 

80  00 

80  00 

02  00 

8  00 

50  00 

20  00 

20  00 

800 

200 

800  00 
500  00 

200  00 
125  00 

400  00 
300  01 
120  00 
200  00 

100  00 
75  00 
30  00 
50  00 

80 
64 

20 
10 

40 

28 

40 

10  00 

1  00 

10 
07 
10 
250 
25 

20 
50 
86 
06 

05 

OO 
01* 

700  00 
400  00 
800  00 
280  00 
100  00 
80  00 
20 

175  00 

100  00 

75  00 

70  00 

25  00 

7  50 

05 

Section  5. — ArHelee  pajfing  70  per  cent 


FIB8T  PABT. 


Art.  18.  The  following  articles  shall  pay  70  per  cent,  on  their  principal  value 
cording  to  original  invoices:  Empty  boxes,  work-boxes,  and  card-oases  of  all  olaooee; 
music-boxes;  belts  of  classes  not  specified;  pencil  drawings  and  prints  of  all  classes, 
with  or  without  frames;  small  statues,  of  wnatever  material,  for  ornaments;  flasks, 
or  liqnor-cases  of  all  kinds;  musical  instruments,  not  specified  in  the  second  part  or 
this  section;  flat  tombstones;  picture-frames  of  all  sizes;  false  Jewelry,  not  specified 
in  the  second  part  of  this  section;  clocks,  for  wall  or  table,  or  watches  of  metal  or  of 
false  gold  or  silver. 

SECOND  PABT. 

Art.  19.  The  following  articles  shall  pay  70  per  cent,  on  their  appraisement: 


Articles. 


Besds,  hogles,  garnets,  Ate.,  of  glass  or  metal,  including  weight  of  packing,  .poond. . 
Vans: 

Jyory , dosen.. 

Psper do.... 

Otber  materials do.... 

Comforter*  of  knit  wool,  pare  or  mixed,  witii  or  withoat  ornaments  for  women  sad 

ohildren,  with  weight  of  packings  (card  board) poand.. 

Olive  oil: 

In  bottles,  gross  weight cwt.. 

In  any  other  packing gallon.. 


Appraise* 
ment. 

Datles. 

00  50 

00  85 

24  00 

2  00 

12  00 

18  80 
1  40 
840 

200 

140 

000 
80 

420 
50 

TABIFFS  OF  THE  8EVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


359 


Articles. 


Whale  oil gallon.. 

LiiMeedoil do 

Animal  oils,  for  machinery do 

Ifaphtha,  petrolenm,  gasoline,  and  kwrosene,  gross  weight owt.. 

Accordions: 

Of  more  than  ten  keys,  with  hells  or  other  accessories each.. 

The  same,  withoot  hells do 

Up  to  ten  hevs,  with  bells  or  other  accessories do — 

Tno  same,  without  accessories 

Cotton  ornaments  for  clothes,  with  weight  of  packing pound. . 

'Woolen  or  mixed  goods  for  clothes do... 

Pure  or  mixed  silk  for  clothes do  . . . 

Brsndy  of  oil  classes  and  in  whatever  packing,  up  to  20^  Beaum6 bottle.. 

Btraignt  or  curved  needles  for  sacks,  &o M.. 

Cloak  neeflles do 

tSteel  needles  of  all  numbers  and  classes  for  dressmakers  and  tailors do — 

Alembics  (stillii)  of  all  kinds,  net  weight pound.. 

Wire: 

Bronze  or  copper,  of  all  sizes,  sross  weight cwt. . 

Iron,  ordinary,  for  lattice  work,  gross  weight do 

Iron,  finer,  for  sieves,  cards,  and  oUter  uses,  gross  weight do — 

Iron,  for  flowers do.... 

Iron, steel, all sises do  ... 

Gilt  or  plated,  in  small  boxes  or  reels,  for  cords  and  other  uses,  gi'oss  weight, 

pound 

Cotton  covered,  for  dressmakers  or  florists,  gross  weight pound.. 

Silk  covered do 

Priests*  white  gowns,  worked  or  embroidered each.. 

Priests'  white  gowns,  of  muslin  or  cotton  lawn,  or  linen,  with  or  without  ornaments, 
each 


Pins,  gross  weiaht pound. 

Bmssels  carpets,  rough  or  felted,  gross  weight do... 

Imitation  Brussels  carpets,  stamped,  gross  weight ^ ■ do... 

Imitation  Bruseels  carpets,  ronsh  or  woven,  gross  weight do 

Cotton  prepared  for  lining  of  cmthes  or  other  uses do.... 

Almonus: 

With  shell,  gross  weight '. do.... 

Without,  gross  weight do 

Mortars  of  marble,  stone,  or  glass,  up  to  15  inches  diameter each.. 

The  same,  of  larger  diameter do 

Pillows: 

Feathers pound.. 

Hair  or  wool * do.... 

Ovrry-combs,  iron dosen.. 

Alpacas: 

Of  wool,  ox  mixed  with  cotton,  plain,  worked,  black  or  colored,  ordinary  up  to 
Sd  inches  wide yard . . 

Same,  medium  uid  fine do . . . 

Of  wool  and  silk,  black  or  colored,  up  to  30  inches  wide do 

Canary  seed,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Cruet  stands : 

Of  German  ailver,  copper,  bronse,  or  other,  metals,  plain,  of  from  four  to  seven 
cruets each.. 

Same,  worked do.... 

Of  wood  or  papier*mach6,  of  frt>m  two  to  four  cruets do 

Same,  from  five  to  seven  cruets do.... 

Bines: 

Iff ctal  or  composition,  with  or  without  stones gross.. 

Of  double.  plaqu6,  or  other  kind,  medium  flne do.... 

Of  wood.  Done,  or  gntta-perona,  for  napkins dosen.. 

Of  metal  or  ivory,  for  napkins do 

^pectscles: 

Without  mountings  or  springs,  most  ordinary  kind do 

Without  mountings,  witn  or  without  springs,  with  handles  of  deer  horn  or  buf- 
frJo dozen.. 

The  same,  with  bandies  of  tortoise-shell,  pearl,  or  metal,  gilt  or  plated,  .do. . . . 

Or  little  mirrors,  with  mountings  of  iron,  white  or  yeUow  metsl,  deer  or  buffalo 
horn,  or  steel,  oftwo  glasses,  ordinary dozen.. 

Same,  flne do.... 

Same,  of  four  glasses,  ordinary do.... 

Same,  of  four  glasses,  flne do 

Ofwixeganae,  for  the  road do 

Or  monocular  lenses,  with  handles  of  buflUo  horn do 

Same,  with  handles  of  ivory,  peari,  tortoise-shell,  gilt,  or  plated  metal. .  .do 

Opera  glasses: 

Monocular,  of  pearl,  tortoise^ell,  ivory,  or  gilt  or  plated  metal each. . 

Doable,  ordinary do 

Bimble,  flne do 

PtoM  and  marine  glasses,  aUsises do.... 

Piah-hooksL  all  siaes,  gross  weight pound.. 

Candle  extmcuishen: 

Withspmgs dosen.. 

Without do.... 


Appraise- 
ment. 

Duties. 

80 

6^ 

00 

42 

40 

2S 

800 

2  1» 

1  60 

1  OS 

1  00 

10 

00 

42 

80 

21 

1  00 

70 

2  00 

1  4» 

000 

4  20* 

00 

6$ 

8  00 

2  ]» 

40 

2a 

30 

21 

60 

35- 

20  00 

14  OO 

600 

420 

10  00 

7  OO 

16  00 

10  60 

40  00 

28  0(V 

00 

42- 

80 

21 

60 

85 

10  00 

• 

7  00 

600 

8  60 

40 

2& 

80 

21 

16 

lOi 

20 

14 

20 

14 

10 

or 

20 

1« 

00 

42 

80 

66. 

8  00 

2  10 

200 

1  40 

200 

1  4a 

20 

14 

80 

21 

00 

85 

800 

60a 

800 

2  10 

000 

420 

1  00 

?(► 

2  00 

140 

00 

42 

3  00 

2  10 

00 

42 

200 

1  40 

40 

28. 

200 

1  40 

600 

8  60 

1  00 

70 

600 

860 

2  00 

1  40 

6  00 

8  60 

8  00 

2  10 

200 

140 

500 

8  60 

200 

140 

4  00 

280 

600 

420 

600 

850 

80 

n 

1  00 

70 

60 

8& 

360 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Articloa. 


CbAodelien: 

Metal,  gross  weight pound.. 

Glass  or  crystal ..do.... 

Areometers  or  alcoboloiiieters : 

Of  glass dosen.. 

Of  metal do — 

Stirrup  leathers pair.. 

Eardrops: 

Of  metal,  paste,  class,  rubber,  or  other  materials,  ordinary gross  of  puirs.. 

Same,  medium  fine do... 

Of  double  or  other  metal  medium do — 

Packing  cloth,  ordinary,  for  bales  up  to 40  inches  wide yard.. 

Kasor-straps: 

Ofone  or  two  faces dozen.. 

Up  to  four  finoes do.... 

Hats: 

Of  oilcloth,  for  decanters  or  other  uses,  assorted  sizes do  ... 

Same,  stamped  or  printed do 

Of  wood,  tin,  card-board,  or  matting,  painted,  assorted  sizes,  for  decanters  or 

bottles dozen.. 

Waiters  or  trays  of  papier-maGh6,  wood,  or  other  materials  except  metals  and  por- 
celain, gross  weight pound.. 

Safibxkn,  £y  or  in  oU,  with  weight  of  packing do.... 

Sugar: 

Befined.  gross  weight cwt.. 

Other  ouuses,  infuior do.... 

Or  Panola  (crude  sugar) do.,.. 

B. 

Balances  of  one  plate : 

With  spring  and  dial,  weighing  up  to  50  pounds each.. 

Same,  weighing  more  than  50  pounds do 

Or  platform  scues,  weighing  to  500  pounds do 

Same,  weighing  up  to  1,000  pounds do 

Same,  weighing  up  to  2,000  pounds do 

Same,  weighing  up  to  3,000  pounds do 

Same,  weighing  up  to  5,000  pounds do 

Common,  of  two  plates,  all  sizes,  gross  weight pound.. 

Or  steel-yards Mush.. 

Buckets: 

Of  painted  wood dozen.. 

Oftinorzino do 

Iron,  of  nil  classes do.... 

Bandanas  of  cotton,  gross  weight pound.. 

Bathing  tubs: 

Of  tin  or  zinc,  painted  or  Tamished each.. 

Hipbaths do.... 

Whalebone,  or  imitation pound.. 

Vamisli,  all  kinds,  gross  weight do 

Cnnes : 

Wooden dozen.. 

Other  materials do 

With  sword do  .. 

DrpBsing  gowns : 

Of  any  kind  of  cotton « each.. 

Wool,  or  mixed  with  silk  Or  cotton do 

Whaterer  kind  of  silk do.... 

Trunks : 

Wood,  not  covered  with  leather  or  zinc  (tin),  all  sizes do 

Same,  covered  with  leather  or  zinc do.... 

Or  valises  of  leather,  up  to  24  inches  long do 

Sam^  larger do 

Of  other  materials,  up  to  24  inches  long do 

Same,  larger do.... 

Baize: 

All  colors,  up  to  70  inches  wide yard.. 

Coarse  (coatmg),  all  colori», to  70  inches  wide 'do.... 

Wax  ("Betun"),  paste  or  liquid  for  shoes,  gross  weight pound.. 

8tr<  et><loor  keys,  not  of  iron,  brass,  or  copper gross.. 

Balls: 

Marble,  billiard pound.. 

(Marbles),  of  stone,  wood,  glass,  or  composition,  snuedl,  for  children's  games . . .  M . . 

Puim>s  or  piping  of  iron,  zinc,  or  tin,  for  pipes  or  iMurreis each.. 

name,  ofwood dozen.. 

Sam e.  of  glass,  gross  weigh t pound . . 

Tassels,  f  rin^,  cords,  and  braids  of  silk,  pure  or  mixed,  with  weight  of  packing . .  do . . . . 

Same,  of  wool,  pure  or  mixed,  with  weight  of  packing do 

Same,of  cotton,  with  weight  of  packing do.... 

Boota: 

Formen,  calf  or  patent  leather pair.. 

Biding,  of  all  classes do.. 


Appraise- 
ment. 


10  40 
20 

1  00 
8  00 

30 

200 

0  00 
12  00 

05 

2  00 

4  00 

1  00 

2  00 

800 

80 

5  00 

12  00 
8  00 
400 


4  00 
6  00 
8  00 

12  00 
40  00 
00  00 
80  00 
40 

5  00 

4  00 

6  00 
8  00 

50 

10  00 

4  00 
50 
10 

800 
15  00 
20  00 

600 
12  00 
20  00 

2  00 

5  00 
200 
8  00 

1  00 

2  00 

40 


10 
8  00 

10  00 
8  00 
50 
2  00 
20 
00 
00 
00 


6 
2 

1 

8 
5 


00 
00 


Duties. 


$0  28 
14 

70 

2  10 

21 

1  40 
4  20 
8  40 

Oil 

1  40 
280 

70 

1  40 

2  10 

21 
850 

840 
500 
280 


280 

4  20 

500 

840 

88  00 

42  00 

56  00 

28 

8  50 

280 

420 

500 

85 

7  00 
280 

85 
07 

560 
10  50 
14  00 

4  20 

8  40 
14  00 

1  40 
8  50 
1  40 
500 
70 
1  40 


7 
2 


2 
8 


07 
10 

00 
10 
35 
40 
14 
20 
40 
70 

10 

50 


TABIFFS  OF  TNE  SEVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


361 


Article*. 


0«it«ra: 

All  kinds,  withelactio,  for  men nair.. 

Same,  without  eluatio ao . . . . 

Of  silk,  with  or  without  eUstic,  for  women do — 

Of  cloth  or  leather,  tot  women do — 

And  shoes,  low,  sll  kinds,  for  children,  np  to  17  centimeters  inside do 

Same,  for  misses,  to  22  centimeters  inside do 

Same,  for  hoys,  to  28  centimeters  long  inside do — 

BotUes; 

Karthen ware  or  pewter .'.....  dosen . . 

Olass  or  metal,  oorered  or  not,  fortrayeleiB do.... 

6  lass,  ord  inary ,  for  wines  or  1  iqnors do — 

Demyohns,  glsss,  auslEes,  covered  or  not do 

Hotlons: 

Porcelain,  incladingweight  of  cards,  v pound.. 

Glsss do — 

Ilone do.... 

Pearl  shell do 

Metal do  .. 

8ilk do.... 

Wool do.... 

Cotton do.... 

Other  materials do.... 

IMtchor  tu",  common,  gross  weight  cwt.. 

Bmshes,  all  kinds,  painthig.  gross  weight poand.. 

Brooches  (hooks),  assorted,  for  cloaks gross.. 

Brooches,  hooks  and  eyes,  all  kinds,  with  weight  of  cards pound.. 

Crape  (Baiato),  of  silk,  np  to  20  inches  wide yard.. 

C. 
Hair: 

Human,  not  mannfiMStored pound.. 

Same,  or  imitation,  manufactured  with  weight  of  packings do — 

Bridles: 

Of  ordinary  leather,  single  reins dozen.. 

Same,  double  reins do — 

Seme,  with  bosses  gr  other  ornaments  of  metal,  single  reins do — 

Same,  with  double  reins do 

Cacao  (cocoa),  gross  weight cwt.. 

Chains: 

Bronae,  gross  weight pound.. 

Iron,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Chestii  or  coffers,  iion,  strong,  all  kinds,  gross  weight pound.. 

Socks: 

Cotton,  ordinary,  for  men dozen.. 

Ssme,  medium  and  fine do.... 

Cotton,  for  children,  to  5  inches  foot do.... 

Cott<m,  youths,  to  8  inches  in  the  foot do  ... 

Wool,  for  children,  to  6  inches  foot do.... 

Wool,  boys,  to  8  inches  in  the  foot do.... 

Wool  or  linen,  pure  or  mixed,  ordinary,  for  men do... 

Same,  medium  and  fine    do.... 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed,  for  men do.... 

Same,  for  children,  to  5  inches  foot do.... 

Same,  for  youths,  to  8  inches  foot do.... 

Calico,  cotton,  gross  weight pound.. 

8hoehoms,of  deer  horn,  bone,  or  metal dosen.. 

Drawers: 

Cloth  or  cotton,  knit do.... 

Cloth  or  hslf  wool,  knit do 

Linen,  pure  or  mixed do.... 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed  do.... 

For  youths,  half  the  duties  spedfled,  according  to  the  class. 
Shirts; 

Cotton,  colored do 

Linen do.... 

Cotton,  white,  with  or  without  linen  bosom do... 

Same,  of  ordinary  linen do.... 

Same,  superior * do 

Flannel  or  other  woolen  stuff do.... 

For  youths,  half  the  duties  specified,  according  to  the  class. 
Undershirts : 

Cotton,  knit do 

Woolen,  knit,  pure  or  cotton  mixed do 

Flannel do 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed do.... 

For  youths,  half  the  duties  specified,  according  to  the  class. 

Bells,  gross  weight pound.. 

Candlesticks: 

Of  gUt  or  plated  metal,  or  plaqn6,  plain  or  worked,  up  to  8  inches  high,  ordinary, 
for  one  light dosen.. 

Same,  np  to  12  inches  high do.... 

Ssme,  up  to  18  inches  hi|^ , do 


Appraise- 
ment 

Duties. 

$2  50 

$1  75 

160 

1  06 

250 

175 

160 

1  12 

40 

28 

80 

56 

00 

68 

300 

2  10 

800 

420 

80 

21 

8  00 

2  10 

20 

14 

30 

21 

15 

101 

40 

28 

1  00 

76 

8  00 

420 

200 

140 

1  00 

70 

1  50 

1  05 

200 

146 

10 

07 

2  00 

1  40 

50 

86 

40 

28 

10  00 

7  00 

15  00 

10  50 

7  00 

400 

10  00 

706 

15  00 

10  50 

18  00 

12  60 

7  00 

406 

40 

28 

18  00 

11  20 

10 

07 

1  80 

70 

1  50 

1  06 

80 

21 

50 

35 

40 

28 

80 

56 

120 

84 

250 

175 

000 

4  20 

800 

2  16 

500 

8  56 

80 

21 

1  00 

76 

400 

286 

000 

4  20 

800 

560 

20  00 

14  00 

500 

3  50 

10  00 

7  00 

8  00 

566 

12  00 

846 

25  00 

17  56 

10  00 

700 

3  00 

2  10 

450 

8  16 

700 

400 

20  00 

14  06 

40 

26 

500 

866 

10  00 

706 

20  00 

14  S 

362 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   6£V£BAL   COUNTRIES. 


Artioie*. 


Candlesticks: 

Same,  up  to  8  inches  for  two  lishta dosen . . 

Same,  up  to  ]2  inches  for  two  Hgbts do  .. 

Seme,  up  to  1 8  Inches  for  two  lights do — 

Same  materials,  fine  class,  for  one  light,  up  to  8  inches  high do — 

Same,  up  to  12  inches  h igh do — 

Same,  up  to  18  inches  high do 

Samt*.  up  to  8  inches  for  two  lights do 

Same,  up  to  12  inches  fof  two  lights do 

Baroo,  up  to  ISiuchcs  for  two  lights do — 

Sarao  material  for  more  than  two  lights.  These  will  be  appraised,  addine  one- 
tbird  of  the  preceding  appraisement  for  each  light  more  than  two,  accordiug 
TO  class. 

Mote  than  ISiuchesbigh  for  one  light pair.. 

More  than  18  inches  for  two  lights .* ao  .. 

More  than  18  inches  for  three  or  five  lights do.... 

With  porcelain,  crystal,  stone,  or  metal  oottoms,  two  lights do 

Same,for  three  or  five  lights « do 

Same,  for  more  than  tive  lights do 

Cinnamon ; 

With  weight  of  bag pound.. 

Ordinary,  with  weight  of  bag do 

Spangles,  embroidery,  Ate,  false,  gilt  or  plated,  with  weight  of  packing do 

Canvas  of  cotton  or  unen  for  embroidery,  up  to  86  inches  wide yard.. 

Cloaks: 

Cloth,  with  or  without  capes,  with  or  without  woolen  or  cotton  lining each. . 

Same,  with  silk  lining do  .. 

Or  ponchos,  waterproof,  with  or  without  hoods  or  leggins,  ordinary  quality, 

each 

Same,  superior  ouality each.. 

Of  anvsilk  stun;  for  women    do.... 

Cra,^  ons,  olack  or  of  colors,  for  painting gross.. 

Musks,  wire,  for  fencers oosen.. 

Toitoise  shell,  in  shell  or  leaf pound.. 

TaMe  cloths: 

Of  damask  or  other  silk square  yard.. 

Of  woolen  stuff,  shag  or  felt do.... 

Of  any  kind  of  cotton do 

Cant  board: 

Oitlinary cwt.. 

Varnished,  or  parchment,  for  visiting  oards,  diplomas,  Ae pound. . 

Coats: 

Cloth  or  casslmere,  without  embroidery,  for  military each.. 

Sa me,  embroidered  with  gold  or  silver do 

Cassimnre: 

Of  wool,  pure  or  mixed  with  ootton,  ordinary,  up  to  30  inches  wide yard. . 

Same,  ordinary,  up  to  70  inches  wide do 

Same, medium  fine, up  to  30  inches  wide do... 

Same, medium  fine,  up  to  70  inches  wide do  ... 

Of  wool,  fine,  up  to  30  inches  wide do 

Of  wool,  fine,  up  to  70  inches  wide do 

Of  wool,  snperfl ne,  up  to  30  inches  wide do 

Of  wool,  superfine,  up  to  70  inches  wide  do 

Cassinclte  and  mixtures : 

Of  wool  and  cotton,  simple,  up  to  80  inches  wide do 

Same,  up  to  70  inches  wide do 

Covers  of  lead,  for  bottle  corks M.. 

Chasubles: 

Of  any  silk  stuff,  pore  or  mixed,  without  embroidery  or  Jewels,  with  ordinary 

lace (galones) each.. 

Of  lasung  or  brocade,  without  embroidery  or  Jewels,  with  false  laoe do 

Same,  with  embroMery,  jewels  fine  or  false,  and  fine  laoe do 

Bedsteads: 

Bronze,  gross  weight  pound.. 

Iron,  with  metal  or  bronse  ornaments do 

Iron,  ordinary,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Bmshen : 

Tooth,  bone  handle,  ordinary doten.. 

Tooth,  ivory  or  peari  handles do 

Sh<>e do 


Clothes do... 

Hair do... 

Nail ^ do... 

Shaving do... 

Scrubbing do... 

Currying do... 

Planes,  for  carpenters pound. 

White  wax: 

Pore  or  mixed,  not  manufactured,  gross  weight do... 

In  candles do... 

In  flowers,  images,  Sec,  ffross  weight do. . . 

r,  all  classes,  InanTkinaof  package bottle. 


Appraise- 
ment. 

Duties. 

$12  00 

$8  40 

24  00 

16  80 

30  00 

21  00 

15  00 

10  50 

20  00 

14  00 

30  00 

21  00 

25  00 

17  50 

36  00 

25  20 

45  00 

31  50 

5  00 

3  BO 

7  00 

4  00 

10  00 

7  00 

3  00 

2  10 

7  00 

4  00 

10  00 

7  00 

50 

35 

30 

21 

50 

35 

05 

031 

15  00 

10  50 

30  00 

21  00 

4  00 

280 

6  00 

420 

10  00 

7  00 

80 

66 

6  00 

420 

1  20 

M 

1  00 

70 

50 

85 

20 

U 

4  00 

280 

20 

14 

10  00 

7  00 

40  00 

28  00 

40 

28 

90 

68 

70 

40 

1  50 

1  05 

1  30 

01 

200 

1  82 

1  60 

106 

41  00 

2  10 

30 

21 

60 

42 

200 

1  40 

10  00 

700 

15  00 

10  50 

40  00 

28  00 

40 

28 

15 

101 

16  00 

11  2P 

40 

28 

2  00 

1  40 

70 

40 

400 

280 

200 

2  10 

1  00 

70 

200 

140 

1  00 

70 

2  00 

1  40 

20 

14 

40 

28 

70 

40 

1  50 

1  06 

20 

14 

TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  CODNTBIES. 


86a 


AtUoIm. 


TMtS: 

Cotton '.each.. 

Linen  or  woolen do... 

Silk,  any  kind,  pure  or  mixed do    . 

'TeneerinK,  all  kinds  of  wood,  soperflcial  foot aqoarefoot. 

Jaeketa  or  aacke : 

Linen  or  cotton,  pure  or  mixed each.. 

Ofajpaoa.. ..,^ do... 

CM  her  kinda  of  wool,  pore  or  mixed do... 

Of  any  etaiT,  with  <Nmaments,  for  women do... 

Wbipe: 

Ordinary dosen. 

Pine do... 

Coaohmen's do... 

Cap  nipplea  for  piatola or  inins  ..' groea. 

Chocolate  in  paste,  with  weight  of  packing poond. 

Cigar-caaee : 

Rush  (Panama),  ordinaiy dozen. 

Rnah,mediam do  .. 

Boab,  fine do... 

Leather do... 

Materialt  not  mentioned do... 

Mot  her-of-pearl,  tortoine  shell,  or  metal do . .  c 

Cigarettes,  with  weight  of  packing pound. 

Cigars,  with  weight  of  packing do... 

Cinches: 

Cotton,  for  saddles gross  pair. 

Woolorflsx do... 

Belts,  cotton,  white  or  colored,  gross  weight pound. 

Behs  or  ribbons  of  pure  silk,  wiUi  weight  of  cardboard,  paper,  Ate,  for  pack- 


ing 


pound. 


Same,  mixed,  with  weight  of  cardboard,  paper,  Ate ,  for  packing do. 

Sword  belts: 

Of  leather  or  patent  leather,  with  metal  gamitnrea,  ordinary,  for  sabers. . dosen . 

With  gold  emoroidery  on  silk,  with  gilt  garnitures,  for  sabers  and  swords,  .do. . . 

Leathfr,  for  pistol  or  revolver do... 

Leather  or  other  materials  for  other  uses do... 

Cambtic yard  .. 

Of  silk  sieves  7  to  40  inches  wide do... 

Cloves,  spices,  gross  weight pound . 

Same,  ground,  groea  weight do... 

Naila: 

Iron,  sross  weight cwt.. 

Iron, Horseshoe. gross  weight do... 

Or  tacks,  UD  to  1  inch,  gross  weight do... 

Or  tacks  of  bronxe,  copper,  or  iron,  with  copper  heads pound. 

Copper: 

In  bars  or  plates,  gross  weight ..do... 

In  nails,  candlesticks,  chandeliers,  rings,  chains,  cow  bells,  and  domestio  uten- 

sils,  not  elsewhere  given,  gross  weight pound . 

Skyrockets,  and  all  artificial  fires,  gross  weight .' do... 

Coverlets  and  blankets : 

Wool  or  cotton,  up  to  8  varas  (M  inches  English)  wide,  ordinary each. 

Same,  medium  fine do. 

Same,  fine do. 

Same,  more  than  2  varas  wide,  common do. 

Same,  more  than  2  varas  wide,  medium  fine do. 

Same,  fine  do. 

Network,  cotton,  with  weight  of  packing '. pound. 

Network,  wool,  with  weight  of  packing do... 

NM work,  ailk,  vrith  weight  of  packing ounce . 

Nankin: 

Of  linen,  pure  or  mixed,  up  to  30  inches  in  width yard. 

Of  cotton,  groaa  weight .pound. 

Collars: 

Lesther,  for  do|^ dosen. 

Metal,  for  dogs do... 

Necklaces: 

Coral,  with  weight  of  packing pound. 

01ass,compoaiuon,orotherordinary  material,  with  weight  of  packing...  do  .. 

Cumin  aeed,  groaa  weight cwt. 

Comnaases: 

Iron,  gross  weight pound. 

Copper  or  bronxe, gross  weight do... 

Mother-of-pearl, unmanuCsctnred. gross  weight do... 

Canned  or  preserved  goods,  meat,  fish,  vegetsbles,  aoupa,  asuces,  picklea,  asusage, 
ham,  pork,  dives,  capers,  Ac,  with  packings  of  earthenware  or  wood,  groas 

weifldit pound. 

imeLin  other  packings do... 


Same, 
Coral: 


.do. 


Unmanufactured,  gross  weight 

Worked,  polished,  or  cut,  in  beads,  &o.,  necklaces,  with  weight  of  peeking. .  do . , 


Appraise- 
ment. 

I>utiea. 

$1  00 

10  70 

^ 

1  50 

1  05 

800 

2  10 

• 

05 

034 

• 

1  60 

1  05 

. 

200 

140 

. 

5  00 

3  50 

• 

800 

500 

5  00 

350 

• 

10  OU 

7  00 

. 

12  00 

8  40 

. 

2  00 

1  40 

• 

50 

3& 

• 

1  00 

70 

2  00 

1  40 

• 

400 

2  80 

. 

1  eo 

1  12 

* 

150 

lOfr 

. 

2  00 

1  40 

^ 

7  00 

4  OO 

• 

7  00 

490 

800 

2  10 

• 

500 

860 

• 

40 

28 

800 

500 

• 

400 

280 

• 

10  00 

700 

, 

00  00 

42  00 

, 

700 

4  00 

, 

1  00 

70 

, 

10 

07 

, 

50 

35 

. 

10 

or 

• 

80 

21 

400 

280 

, 

5  00 

8  50 

• 

800 

500 

• 

40 

28 

• 

15 

101 

• 

40 

28 

• 

80  00 

21  00 

50 

8& 

• 

70 

40 

• 

1  00 

70 

• 

70 

40 

. 

1  00 

70 

• 

1  50 

1  05 

. 

200 

1  40 

, 

3  00 

2  10 

• 

45 

8H 

• 

10 

07 

• 

80 

21 

• 

2  00 

1  40 

• 

400 

280 

10  00 

7  00 

00 

40 

• 

800 

500 

• 

20 

14 

• 

40 

28 

10 

07 

i 

• 

10 

07 

15 

101 

400 

280 

»  • 

10  00 

7  00 

364 


TARIFFS   OF   TBIE   SKYEBAL   COUNTRIES. 


Arttolfls. 


KeoklACM: 

Pare  aOk.  wltli  weight  of  paokiBg ponad.. 

liixei,  with  weight  of  peokinc do — 

Wool,  pure  or  mixed,  with  weu^ht  of  paddnx .....do — 

Linen,  pure  or  mixed,  with  weight  of  peeking do.... 

Cotton,  pnre  or  mixed,  with  wcaght  oi  pecking do — 

"Corke,  all  kinds,  groea  weight do — 

Curds,  hemporpite,  groes  weight do.... 

Corsets,  all  Kinds snoslBee dosen.. 

Glass catters,  steel do... 

Cutsof  leather  for  shoee,  with  wei^t  of  packing do 

Cats  of  ootton  for  clothes,  embroidered  or  ornamented,  with  weight  of  cards  and 
paper dosen.... 

Cots  of  woolen,  same,  with  weight  of  cards  and  paper do  ... 

Cats  of  silk,  same,  with  weight  of  cards  and  paper do.... 

Linen: 

Pare  or  cotton  mixed,  crnde  or  listed,  ordinary,  and  mediam  fine,  up  to  80 

inches  wide yard.. 

Same,  np  toMinchea  wide do — 

Same,  fine  and  saperflne,  up  to  SO  inches  wide do.... 

Same,  flne  and  saperflne,  op  toMinches  wide do... 

Cr*pe: 

Silk,  aU  colors do — 

Cotton,  black,  narrow  for  mourning do  ... 

Crosses  or  medals  of  brass,  tin,  or  composition,  uptof  inch  long gvoas.. 

Same,  npto  1^  inches  long do 

Same,  larger   do — 

Knives  and  forks : 

Ordinary,  handles  of  wood,  deer-horn,  inmorbone dosen.. 

Fine,  handles  of  ivory,  pearl,  orplaqiii6 do  — 

Canring do... 

Wood,  for  salads do 

Of  Ivory do 

Spoons: 

Iron,  tin,  or  pewter,  common  siie gross.. 

Iron,  tea do 

White  metal  or  German  silver,  with  weight  of  packing pound . . 

Wood,  small,  forsaaoes gross.. 

Ivory,  same do 

Knives: 

Table,  ordinary  and  medium,   handles  of  wood,  whalebone,  deer-horn,  or 

bone dosen.. 

Table,  flne,  ivory,  pearl,  or  plaqa6  handles do 

Dessert,  half  the  foregoing  a  o ties  according  to  the  class 

Pointed,  cast-blade,  ordiwy,  bone,  deer-horn,  or  whalebone  handles,  gross 

weight pound.. 

For  the  woods,  ordinary,  without  sheath dozen . . 

Same,  with  leather  sheath do ... . 

Same,  with  metal  sheath  and  tip do 

Same,  flne do 

Metal,  wood,  or  deer-horn,  for  cutting  paper do 

Same,  of  pearl,  ivory,  or  bone do — 

Collars : 

Cotton  or  linen do 

Same,  embroidered,  for  women do  ... 

Strings,  for  guitar  or  violin,  up  to  one  yard  long,  in  bundles  of  80  strings,  .bundle. . 

HidcR : 

Tanned,  with  hair,  for  caps  and  other  uses,  gross  weight ...pound.. 

Tanned,  sheepskins,  white  or  colored,  gross  weight do 

D. 

DsgKnra,  two  edges: 

Without  sheath each.. 

With  sheath do.... 

DemU^'kns dosMi.. 

DsniaHk,  of  wool  and  silk,  or  mixed  with  cotton,  for  fieimiture  coverings  or  other 

uses,  up  to  86  inches  wide 3'ard.. 

Same,  doable  width v do — 

Or  brocatel  of  silk  and  cotton,  gntNind  or  visible  picture^,  of  silk,  fnr  curtains  or 

other  uses,  ap  to  36  inches  wide yard.. 

Or  brocade,  of  sUk  only,  tor  same  uses  as  the  following,  to  86  inches  wide,  .do 

Of  sUk  only,  for  clothes  or  other  usee,  up  to  86  inches  wide do 

Or  brocade,  cloth,  or  tissue  of  eotboa,  emoroidered  or  woven  with  thresd  of  fiUse 

metal,  to  36  inches  wide  yard . . 

Same  of  silk,  embroidered  or  woven  with  thread  of  flslse  metal,  to  36  inches 

wide yard.. 

Same  of  sUk,  embroidered  or  woven  with  thread  of  flne  metal,  to  86  inches 

wide yard.. 

Of  wool,  or  mixed  with  cotton,  all  colors,  to  28  inches  wide do 

Seme,  double do  .. 

White  or  genuine,  linen  or  mixed  with  ootton,  to  36  inches  wide do — 


^SKJj^D-t-* 


$8  00 
400 
200 
1  80 

1  00 
80 
10 

10  00 

2  00 
1  00 

1  00 

2  00 
600 


SO 

25 

1  00 

50 

80 
15 
86 

70 
1  50 


1 
4 
6 
2 
6 

3 

2 
6 

4 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


12  00 


50 
00 


.80 
8  00 
00 
00 


4 
6 
8  00 


1 
2 


00 
40 


1  00 

5  00 

25 

1  00 
70 


200 
8  00 
8  00 

80 
1  60 

1  60 

2  40 
1  60 

1  00 

2  00 

4  00 
3^ 
70 
40 


$5  60 
280 


1 
1 


40 
•5 
70 
21 
07 
00 
40 
70 


70 
1  40 
420 


35 

70 
85 

21 

? 

1  05 

70 

2  80 
4  20 

1  40 
420 

2  10 
140 
8  50 
280 
840 


85 

1  40 


21 
2  10 
280 
4  20 
560 

70 
1  68 

70 
860 
17* 

70 
48 


40 
10 
10 

56 

12 

IS 
68 
12 


1  40 

280 
241 
40 
28 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


36& 


ArtiolM. 


ThimblM: 

BnM,  tin,  bone,  oriron,  fbrwomen groes. 

8te«l,  iTory,  gilt,  or  pUted,  for  women do... 

Iron,  steel,  or  otner metals,  fortsUon do... 

Sanifers: 

IronorbrMS,  with orwitboat springs do... 

8sme,witb«sh  reoetrers do  .. 

Steel  or  wbite  metal,  with  or  without  springs dozen. 

Seme.  wUhesh  receiTer do... 

Ifeteigilt,  or  plated,  orof  plaqn6,  with  or  without  springs do... 

Same,  withaah  receivers , do... 

DIamonda,  mounted  fbr  cntting  glass do  . . 

Drill: 

Ordinary,  for  trimming  clothes,  op  to  M  inches  wide yard. 

Of  linen,  or  mixed  with  cotton  or  nemp,  white  or  oolored,  np  to  80  inches  wide, 
ordinary yard. 

Same, ooUon mixed,  mediom do... 

Same,  line do... 

Cotton,  white  or  oolored,  gross  weight pound. 

Lasting  wool,  or  cotton  nuxed,  plam  or  worked,  np  to  86  inches  wide yard. 

•)  B. 


Cotton  or  linen,  indndinff  weight  of  card-board  and  papers inmnd. 

Silk,  wit h  weigh t of  caru andpaper do . . . 

Oilcloth  or  mbber,  printed,  ordinary  and  medium  fine,  np  to  72  inches  wide.  .yard. 

Same,  fine do... 

Printed,  ordinary  and  medium  fine,  np  to  36  inches  wide do... 

Same,  fine do... 

Stringy  wire-coyered,  for  guitar  orTioUn gross. 

Same,  for  piano do... 

Socks,  knit-,  wool,  or  cotton  mixed,  with  or  without  soles,  for  infimts dosen . 

Brooms,  with  or  without  handles,  straw do  .. 

Shot2nns,perco«8ion-lock8,  ordinary  and  medium  fine,  one-barrel each . 

Same,  double-barreled  .        do... 

Single-barreled,  fine do... 

Same,  double-barreled do... 

Single-barreled,  breech  loading,  with  or  without  accessories do... 

Double-barreled,  same       do . . . 

Steels,  ordinary,  for  smokers dozen. 

Ibiamel,  in  leaves,  with  weight  of  packing. ponpd. 

Cut  in  figures  for  embroidery  and  other  uses,  with  weight  of  packing do. . . 

&nery,  in  powder,  for  silversmith do... 

Sworos  or  sabers,  ordinarj',  with  scabbards  of  leather  or  metal,  without  belts. each. 

Same,  with  scabbard  of  leather  or  Oerman  silver,  with  metal  tips  or  orna- 
ments, or  small  swords,  fine  blade each. 

Ifirrors,  all  classes  end  sizes,  with  or  without  frames,  gross  weight pound. 

Spermaceti,  unmanufactured,  gross  weight do. . . 

Same,  in  candles,  gross  weight do... 

Smmges'of  an  kinds do... 

nn,  in  domestic  utensils,  gross  weight do... 

Spurs,  brass,  steel,  or  iron,  with  or  without  straps,  by  pairs dozen. 

SoMM  pegs,  gross  weight cwt. 

Stearme: 

In  cakes,  grosa weight pound. 

In  candles,  with  weight  of  box do... 

Hate,  rush  or  straw,  for  floors,  36  inches  wide yard. 

Stirrups: 

Iron ^ dosen  pair. 

White  or  yellow  metal do... 

Labels  for  bottles  or  other  uses H. 

P. 
Sashes: 

Cotton  or  texture,  with  weijg^t  of  packings pound. 

"W ool,  w  ith  weight  of  packings do . . . 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed,  plain  or  dsmask-Uke,  with  or  withoui  fHnge dozen. 

SUk,  knit,  twisted  or  netted,  idmple,  with  or  without  tasseLs do. . . 

^Sarne,  doutfle or  superior i do... 

Feft: 

Woolen,  up  to  18  inches  wide yard. 

Cotton,  np  to  86  inches  wide do . . . 

Silk, up  to 30  inches  wide do... 

Filters,  charcoal,  for  water dosen. 

Flannel,  thin  woolen,  to  80  inches  wide  .    ysrd. 

Flowers,  artificial,  mounted  or  unmonnted,  with  w^ght  of  packing pound. 

Flolla.  iron,  for  foncing dozen. 

Matches,  all  kinds,  gross  wei|i;ht IMmnd. 

Flannel,  woolen  or  mixed,  up  to  30  inches  wide yard. 

Same,  to  70  inches  wide do... 

Bits  for  brulles each. 


Appraise- 
ment. 


16  40 
80 
60 

900 
18  00 
8  00 
6  06 
600 
12  00 
1  00 

16 

16 
20 
80 
80 
80 


8  00 
8  00 
80 
60 
15 
25 
00 
00 
80 
00 
60 
00 
00 


2 

4 

2 

2 

5 

6 

12  00 
20  00 
80  00 

200 

240 

400 
20 

200 


00 
80 
20 
40 
00 
20 
00 
00 


4 
6 


2 


16 
20 
40 

00 
00 
00 


1  60 
200 
6  00 


Duties. 


#0  28 

35 

6  80 
12  60 
2  10 
4  20^ 
4  ?0 
8  40 
70 

10* 

1? 
21 
21 
21 


2 
5 


1 
2 

1 
1 
8 

4 


10 
60 
21 
85 

i?t 

40 
80 
56 
40 
75 
50 
20 


840 
14  00 


21 
1 
1 
2 


(0 
40 
68 
80 
14 
40 


280 
21 
14 
21 

2  80 
14 

2  80 

280 

28 

2  80 
4  20 
140 


1 
1 
4 


05 
40 
20 


18  00 

12  00 

80  00 

21  00 

60 

42 

80 

21 

1  00 

70 

400 

20 

14 

16  00 

7  00 

12  00 

840 

10 

07 

26 

171 

50 

86 

1  00 

70 

366 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEYEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


Articles. 


Fmits: 

Cumed,  fto.,  with  weight  of  pAckings,  gross  weight pooDd. 

Fresh do — 

Dried,  raisins,  plums,  &o.,  gross  weight do... 

Bellows,  hand dozen.. 

Caps: 

For  gnns  or  pistols M.. 

Or  cartridges,  breech'loading C 

Cigarptte-holders,  of  metal  or  any  material dozen.. 

Covers  for  shotgun,  leather do.... 

Same,  for  revolvers  or  pistols do — 

Petticoats,  in  oats  of  cotton  cloth,  embroidered  or  worked,  up  to  8  yards  long . .  piece . . 

Same,  plainer  with  tucks do.... 

lucots  of  linen  or  mixed  stofl;  mnbzoidered  or  worked,  up  te  8  yards  long . .  do — 

Same,  plainer  with  tucks do... 

Made  of  woolen  stuir do.... 

Saddle-trees: 

Wtiod each.. 

Iron do.... 

O. 

Saddles,  men's,  ordinary,  without  trappings ^do — 

Same,  medium  and  flue do.... 

lien's,  ordinary,  with  trappings : do — 

Same,  medium  and  fine do — 

Women's,  ordinary,  without  trappings do — 

Same,  m^um  and  flue do  — 

Same,  ordmary,  with  trappings do — 

Same,  medium  and  line do — 

Lace  or  thread,  of  false  silver  or  gold,  with  weight  of  packing pound. . 

Same,  line do 

Crackon: 

Ordinary,  gross  weight do — 

Fineorsweet *. do.  .. 

Gauze  or  percala  of  silk,  plain  or  embroidered,  to  80  inches  wide yard. . 

Same,  of  cotton,  worked,  up  to  88  inches  wide do... 

Same,  cotton,  plain,  ordinary,  white,  up  to  40  inches  wide do — 

Same,  medium  and  fine do — 

Cotton,  embroidered,  up  to  80  inches  wide do  . . . 

Globes,  glass,  for  lamps,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Gulp,  or  rubber  erasers        pound.. 

Gro,  levantine,  satin,  tafiety,aad  other  mixed  silk  stuff,  not  specified,  up  to  80  inches 

wide,  simple  quality yurd.. 

'  &,o.,  samestuflh,  double  class do.... 

Same,  pure  silk,  simple  class,  to  30  inches  wide do. . .. 

Same,  double  class,  superior do.... 

Gloves: 

Leather,  ordinary dozen  pairs.. 

1  «at Irer,  ordinary,  or  gauntlets do.... 

Kid  or  other  fine  skin do.... 

Buckskin,  stuffed  with  hair,  for  fencing  or  boxing do — 

Silk  knit do.... 

Woolen do — 

Cotton do.... 

For  children,  half  of  the  foregoing  duties,  according  to  class. 

Guards,  lists,  dtc.,  cotton  or  linen,  embroidered,  with  weight  of  cards  and 
papers pound.. 

H. 

Hatchets,  gross  weight do — 

Flour,  of  wheat,  gross  weight owt.. 

Buckles: 

Iron,  for  straps gross.. 

Steel,  or  galvanized  iron,  copper,  or  other  galvanized  metal,  for  pantaloons, 

vests,  &o gross.. 

Horseshoes,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Iron  work,  for  doors,  windows,  furniture,  &c,  gross  weight do.... 

Hardware: 

Ordinary,  as  hoes,  machetes,  sickles,  shovels,  pikes,  picks,  snvils,  pruning- 
hooks,  large  screws,  ani  other  instruments  for  workmen  and  agrioiuturists, 

not  mentioned  in  this  section,  gross  weight cwt. . 

Fine,  as  fiutiog-irons.  steels  for  sharpening,  nippers,  augers,  burino,  carpenters' 
tool-chests,  planes,  chisels,  compasses,  coopers'  knives,  screw-drivers,  squares, 
raspA,  puncncs,  hatchets,  kuives  for  planes,  saws,  hammers,  files,  gimlets, 
tweezers,  forceps,  trowels,  and  other  instruroents  for  artisans  not  mentioned 

in  this  section,  gross  weigot pound.. 

Iron: 

Forged  in  brass,  plates,  &c.,  gross  weight cwt. . 

lisnufsciured,  in  domestic  implements,  or  for  other  uses,  not  specified  in  this 

section,  gross  weight pound. . 

Same,  in  Implements,  tinned  or  lined  with  porcelain  or  ohain,  gross  weight,  .do. . . . 


Appraise- 
ment. 


$0  10 

55 

10 

600 


DutieA. 


00 
00 
80 
00 
00 
50 
00 
00 
60 


8  00 


2 

4 


00 
00 


2 

4 


10^ 
20  00 

15  00 
80  00 

800 

16  00 
20  00 
25  00 

4  00 
12  00 

05 
10 
50 
10 
10 
15 
20 
12  00 
80 

40 
70 
70 

1  40 

50 
00 

8  00 
10  00 

800 

2  50 
100 


600 


20  00 
2  60 

80 

1  00 
16  00 
16  00 


7  00 

20 

8  00 

16  00 
20 


$0  07 

03ft 

07 

420 

42 

70 

66 

420 

850 

105 

70 

1  40 

105 

2  10 

140 

280 

7  00 

14  00 

10  50 

2100 

560 

1120 

14  00 

17  60 

280 

840 

OH 

07 

85 

07 

07 

101 

14 

840 

66 

28 

49 

49 

96 

1  75 

280 

2  10 

7  00 

2  10 

1  75 

TO 

4  20 


14 

1  75 

66 

70 
11  20 
U  20 


490 

14 

2  10 

U20 
14 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  8EVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


367 


Articles. 


Appraise 
ment. 


Thread,  cotton,  in  dews,  ImUs,  or  skeins,  for  sewins,  embroidering^  and  crocheting, 
inolnding  weisht  of  cardboard  and  iMtpiers poond.. 

Cotton  on  spools,  to  100  vards gross.. 

Hemp,  for  sooes  and  saois,  gross  weight ponnd.. 

Same,  fine,  in  ImIIs,  or  wound  on  caraboard,  for  tailors,  incloding  weight  of 
cards  and  i>aper poond.. 

Libcn,  for  sewing  or  embroidery,  spools,  to  100  yards gross.. 

Some,  in  skeins  or  balls,  for  embroidering,  with  weight  of  packings pound.. 

Silk,  for  sewing  or  embroidering,  on  spools,  to  100  vards gross. . 

Blades  of  swords  or  sabers,  without  sheaths  or  handles. . . .- dosen. . 

Tin,   sheet,   manufaoturea,   in   domestic   utensils  or   for  other  uses,   gross 

weight pound.. 

Holland,  of  linen,  to  88  inches  wide,  ordinary yard.. 

Sama,  medium  and  fine do 

L 

Chintx,  cotton,  gross  weight pound.. 

**Irlanda  "  linen,  pure  or  mixed,  with  cotton,  to  80  inches  wide,  ordinary. . .  jtad. . 
Same,  medium  andflne do.... 

J. 

8oap: 

Ordinary,  in  balls  or  bars,  gross  weight pound.. 

In  cakes,  scented  or  not  orainary  and  fine do 

Headstalls  lor  halters,  all  kinds dosen.. 

Simps  or  sherbets,  all  classes bottle.. 

Sigging  tackle,  not  intended  for  the  use  of  the  ports,  gross  weight pound. . 

Jars  and  basins : 

Ofdelf.    (>Sm  Delf,  letter  L.)    Of  glass.    (Sm  Glass,  letter  Y.)    Iron,  tin,  or 
pewter.    (Sm  Iron,  manufacturei^  letter  H. )    Sheet  tin.    {See  Tin.  letter  H.) 
Galvanised  or  of  white  or  yellow  metal.    (8et  Table  service,  letter  Y.) 
Friexe,  coarse,  imitation  of  that  made  in  this  country,  wool  or  cotton,  mixed,  to  80 

inches  wide yard.. 

Syringes,  ji^lass,  any  shape,  large dozen.. 

Same,  small do.... 

Metal,  any  shape,  large do 

Same,8mall do.... 

Robber,  any  shape  or  size,  with  tube do 

Same  without  tube do 

Insets,  made  of  bone  and  wood set.... 

In  sets,  made  of  bone  and  ivory do.... 

I<ottery,  game,  in  card- board  boxes dozen.. 

Same,  in  wooden  boxes do 

Chequers  (checkers,  draughts),  board  of  card do 

Same,  board  of  wood do.*... 

Chess: 

Pieces  of  wood,  bone,  papier  maoh6,  or  any  other  material set... 

Pieces  of  ivory,  board  to  8  inches do 

Same,  board  larger  than  8  inches do  ... 

Toys,  all  kinds,  for  children,  gross  weight pound.. 

L. 

SeaUns-wax : 

Colored,  with  weight  of  packings do 

Ordinary,  for  sealing  bottles,  wuh  wei^t  of  packings ...do 

Bricks,  clay  or  delf,  glased  or  unglazed,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Lamps  of  all  kinds,  with  neoessariea,  gross  weight pound.. 

Bonttng: 

Pure,  or  cotton  mixed,  of  all  colors,  to  86  inches  wide yvd.. 

Mixed  with  silk .do.... 

Pencils: 

Ordinary,  encased  in  wood gross.. 

Same  lino do 

Stone,  for  drawing do 

Slate  for  drawing M.. 

Pencil-cases : 

Wood,  bone,  or  gutta-percha '. gross.. 

Metal,  ordixiary dozen.. 

Preoioos  roetab.    {S€€  Fine  Jewelry.) 
Brass.    {See  Copper,  letter  C.) 

Let  ters,  receipts,  or  invoices,  lithographed  in  blank,  gross  weight ponnd. . 

Coats: 

Of  cloth,  cassimere,  or  other  woolen  stuff each.. 

Ofanycotton  or  linen  stuff do.... 

Books: 

Ofcirarette-paper   1,000 leaves.. 

•  Of  gold  or  silver,  false  or  gilding,  with  weight  of  paper ponnd. . 

Same,  flue  quality do.,.. 

Same,  memorandums,  blank,  gross  weight do 

Liqueurs,  sweet,  as  Cominillo,  Curafoa,  Chartreuse,  Anisette,  bitters,  &o.  .bottle .. 


$0  60 

1  00 

20 


60 
60 
00 
00 


10  00 

20 
80 
60 


40 

80 
60 


10 
80 
10  00 
40 
10 


Duties. 


#0  86 
70 
14 


42 
05 
70 
60 

00 

14 
21 
86 


28 
21 


or 

21 

700 

28 

or 


60 

85 

800 

600 

4  00 

2  80 

noo 

10  60 

7  00 

490 

900 

6  80 

800 

2  10 

00 

42 

2  00 

1  40 

3  00 

2  10 

600 

B  60 

800 

2  10 

600 

3  50 

200 

140 

800 

2  10 

600 

8«0 

40 

28 

80 

60 

20 

14 

60 

85 

40 

28 

20 

14 

80 

21 

80 

66 

90 

68 

80 

66 

1  20 

84 

2  60 

1  76 

1  00 

70 

20 

14 

10  00 

700 

260 

176 

10 

07 

240 

168 

800 

660 

20 

14 

70 

41 

368 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUKTRIES. 


ArtidM. 


OArtera: 

811k,  pore  or  mixed doMBiwtn, 

Same,  rnnall,  for  ohildren do.., 

Of  wooloroottoB do... 

Same,  small,  for  ohUdren do... 

Toothpicks: 

Ivory,  pearl,  or  tortoUe-ahell gross. 

Bone do.., 

Qnill do... 

LawD,  oambrio,  tarleton,  J^o.,  plain  and  otdinarj,  to  40  inohes  wide yard. 

Same,  medium  and  fine do... 

Samo,  worked  or  embroidered  in  wearing,  ordinary,  to  40  inohes  wide do. . , 

Lanterns,  gross  wei^t poond. 

Canvas,  Unen  or  coUoB,  gross  weight cwt. 

I>eil': 

Ordinary,  gross  weight do. 

Medium  fine do. 

Fine,  or  imitation  of  poroelain,  gross  weight do. 

Or  porcelain > t do. 

Hops,groes  weights ..^ ,.do. 

Lnstring  of  cotton,  with  threads  of  metal,  ordinary,  to  26  ioches  wide yard 

Same,  with  threads  of  fine  gold  or  silver,  to  26  inches  wide  do. 

M. 

If  atches,  gross  weight » owt . 

Calico,  Jeans,  germanie,   irlanda,  white  briUiantine,  damask,  bogatana,  imperial, 

creas,  royal,  irlanda  of  eotton  or  other  similar  stnfb,  gross  weight pound. . 

Sleeves,  with  or  without  embroidery,  for  women dosen  pairs. . 

l^enstalks : 

Of  wood,  bone,  tin,  gutta-percha,  or  glass gross . . 

Tortoise  shell,  pearl,  ivory,  or  metal do 

Handles,  of  delf,  glass,  or  porcelain,  for  do<«s,  trunks,  Slo dosen. . 

Same,  copper  or  bronse,  gross  weight pound.. 

Cotton  shirt-mg,  crude  or  bleached,  bed-ticking,  linen  pettieoata,  creaa  formattreases, 

of  cott«n  and  other  similar  a>nffii,  gross  WiSght pound.. 

Lard,  gross  weight do 

Butter,  gross  weight i do.... 

Saddle-blankets,  of  cloth,  linen,  or  felt dozen . . 

Ivory: 

Crude pound 

In  leaves do.. 

Kushlights  for  kitchen  or  stable,  in  boxija. dosen  boxes 

Marble,  iwllkhed,  in  slabs cwt 

Masks: 

Wire   dosen 

Cardboard do.. 

Or  half -masks  of  silk do.. 

Wicks: 

Of  paper  or  cotton,  for  smokora,  gross  weight do 

For  lamps do.. 

Medals.    (See  Crosses,  letter  C.) 
Stockings : 

Cotton,  ordinary  and  medium dosen  pair 

Same,  fine oo.. 

Linen do.  . 

Wool,  ord inarj'  or  fl ne do . . 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed do.. 

For  children,  to  5  by  8  inchea  in  the  fool    (8ee  Sooka,  letter  C.) 
Merino : 

Wool,  or  cotton  mixed,  ordinary,  to 36  inches  wide yard.. 

Same,  medium  and  fine do 

All  wool,  double  quality,  to  30  inchea  wide do 

Molasses,  sirups,  gross  weight cwt. . 

Moldings  of  wood,  stuccoed,  fiilt,  or  veneered,  gross  weight pound . . 

&o.,of  brass,  for  curtains,  gioss'weight do.... 

Mills,  coffbe,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Mustard, prepared  or  in  powder,  gross  weight pound.. 

Furniture : 

Upholstered  with  silk  or  hair  doth,  gross  weight pound . . 

Upholstered  w i th  wool  or  cotton do 

without  upholstering  of  staff,  set  up  or  in  pieces,  gross  weight do 

Ammunition : 

Of  lead,  all  classes,  gross  weight pound.. 

Pouches  or  fiasks,  of  leather,  nom,  or  metal dosen. . 

Muslin  or  cambric : 

Of  cotton, stamped, grosa  weight poond.. 

Of  wool  or  mixed,  to  36  inchea  wide yard.. 

N, 

Playinar  cards: 

Ordinary  paper,  double grosa.. 

Fine,  aingfe,  linen do 

Small,  for  childrsa,  half  of  the  foregoing  xateavaecording  to  claaa. 


Appndae- 
ment. 


$8  40 

140 

70 

40 

6  00 
3  00 
46 
10 
15 
15 
40 
28  00 

6  00 

800 

12  00 

20  00 

15  00 

1  00 

2  00 


Duties. 


7  00 

30 
800 

1  20 

4  00 

8  00 

40 

20 

05 

10 

800 

4  00 

500 

40 

1  00 

6  00 
1  00 
400 

80 
20 

1  60 

2  50 
4  00 
8  00 
900 

25 
40 
90 

2  00 
10 

1  00 

16  00 

15 

50 
80 
25 

10 
8  00 

50 
20 

400 
800 

$1  68 

08 
49 
28 


4 
2 


20 

10 
28 
07 
10 
10 
28 
19  60 

4  20 

560 

840 

14  OO 

10  50 

70 

1  40 


4  00 


21 
10 

84 
80 
10 
28 

14 

5S* 
07 

60 


2  80 

3  50 
28 
70 

4  20 
70 

2  80 

56 

14 


1 
1 
2 
2 


11 


05 
75 
80 
10 


6  30 


17* 

28 

68 

40 

07 

70 

20 

101 


85 
21 
17i 

07 
60 

85 

14 


280 
560 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEBAL   COUNTRIES. 


369 


Articles. 


Bason: 

Ordinary dozen.. 

Tine do 

Same,  in  dreesing  cases  or  boxes,  with  weight  of  case  or  box pound . . 

Penknives  or  pocket-knives,  of  one  or  two  blades,  ordinary dozen . . 

Same,  meaiam  fine do 

Fine I. do 

Ordinary,  of  moie  than  two  blades,  with  or  withont  other  appendages. . .  do 

Same,  medium  fine do 

Fine do 

Kuts,  gross  weight '. pound. . 

Wafers  for  letters,  with  weight  of  packings pound. . 

Ocher,  gross  welKot cwt.. 

Eyelets  for  clothing  or  shoes,  with  weight  of  packings  ..., pound. . 

Batiste,  or  linen  lawn,  pare  or  cotton-mixed,  to  40  inch^  wide yard . . 

Same,  of  cotton,  40  inches  wide do 

Tinsel,  gold  and  silver pound.. 

Oysters  and  clams,  in  vessels  of  wood  or  earthenware,  gross  weight do  — 

Same, in  other  packings,  gross  weight do.... 

P. 

Candlesticks : 

Of  tin  dozen.. 

Of  bra4s  or  bronze,  gross  weight pound . . 

White  metal dozt;n.. 

Corduroy.    (See  Velvet,  letter  T.) 

Pantaloons : 

Cloth  orcassiroere .- pair.. 

Linen  or  cotton ao 

Cloth,  or  cnssimere,  of  wool  or  cloth  for  ladies,  to  52  inches  wide yard . . 

Wool  or  cotton,  mixed,  ordinary,  to  52  inches  wide do 

Same,  medium  fine do 

Woolen,  fine do 

Same,  superfine do 

Same,  to  72  inches  wide do 

Summer,  or  grain  of  gold,  to  30  inches  wide 

Beaver,  for  overcoats,  to  52  inches  wide do 

Towels,  linen  or  cotton  mixed,  to  45  inches  long dozen . . 

Same,  to  54  inches  long do 

Same,of  linen,  grained  or  raised do 

Same,  cotton,  to  45  inches  long do 

Same,  cotton,  to  54  inches  long do.... 

Same,  larger,  will  be  appraised  in  proportion. 

Shawls,  cotton,  plain  or  stamped,  up  to  6  quarters  square dozen.. 

Same,  larger do 

Cotton,  felted,  to  6  quarters do 

Same,  larger    .  .*. do 

Merino  or  swan-skin,  ordinary  quality,  to  six  quarters  square do 

Same,  larger do 

lAnea  or  cot4;on  mixed,  different  texture  and  of  superior  quality  to  those  men- 
tioned, to  6  quarters  square dozen.. 

Same,  larger  do 

Silk  and  hemp,  or  silk  and  cotton,  to  6  quarters 

Same,  larger do 

Silk  crape,  plain,  damasked,  or  embroidered,  with  weight  of  paper ounce. . 

Of  any  other  stuff  of  pure  silk  not  spedfled,  with  weight  of  paper do. . . . 

Handkerchiefs : 

Ofmnslin.orlawnof  cotton,  gross  weight .pound.. 

Of  cotton  bandana,  twilled  m  imitation  of  silk,  or  other  similar  stu^  gross 

weight     pound.. 

Of  maoapolan  orooquillo do 

Linen,  white  or  colored,  ordinary,  to  80  inches  long dozen.... 

Same,  fine -• do 

Same,  mixed,  will  be  appraised  at  half  the  foregoing,  according  to  class,  of  cam- 
bric, or  baptiste,  of  pure  linen,  plain  or  embroidered,  with  or  without 

lace  .' dozen.. 

Same,  mixed,  half  the  duties  of  the  foregoing  class. 

Silk,  pure,  to  40  inches,  with  weight  of  packings pound 

Silk,  mixed,  to  40  inches,  with  wdght  or  packings do 

P^per: 

Letter, all  kinds,  gross  weight pound.. 

Cotton, all  kinds,  gross  weight do.... 

Linen,  pure  or  mixed,  gross  weight do 

Linen,  for  cigarettes,  gross  weight do 

Colored,  for  posters,  gross  weight owt.. 

Of  ohina,gr«MM  weight pound.. 

Colored,  for  flowers,  gross  weight do 

GUt  or  silver,  grots  weight do.... 

Thick osrd  (marqnilla) do.... 

Straw,  brown, filter,  or  manUa,  gross  weight owt.. 

Blotting,  gi^MS  weight do....\ 

1784  CONG — A  P 24 


Appraise- 
ment. 

Dntiea. 

• 

$1  25 

10  874 

3  00 

2  10 

4  00 

280 

1  00 

70 

1  50 

105 

2  00 

140 

1  50 

105 

8  00 

2  10 

5  00 

8  50 

10 

07 

50 

35 

4  00 

2  80 

50 

85 

40 

28 

10 

07 

2  00 

1  40 

10 

07 

15 

lOJ 

5  00 

8  50 

40 

28 

8  00 

5  50 

4  00 

2  80 

2  00 

140 

1  00 

70 

1  00 

70 

1  50 

06 

250 

175 

8  00 

2  10 

4  00 

280 

80 

21 

2  50 

175 

8  00 

2  10 

4  00 

2  80 

500 

8  50 

2  00 

140 

4  00 

2  80 

8  50 

246 

5  00 

8  60 

600 

420 

800 

560 

800 

560 

12  00 

8  40 

900 

680 

15  00 

10  50 

18  00 

12  60 

80  00 

21  00 

45 

81i 

60 

85 

50 

86 

50 

85 

40 

28 

200 

1  40 

809 

2  10 

600 

420 

600 

420 

8  00 

2  10 

15 

104 

10 

07 

15 

104 

20 

14 

7  00 

490 

10 

07 

10 

07 

50 

86 

20 

14 

2  00 

14A 

4^ 

\     1^ 

370 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


ArticleB. 


Paper : 

Ruled  for  accounts,  in'OBS  weight ponnd.. 

61am  or  parchmcDt,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Small,  smooth,  perforated,  worked,  or  stamped,  white  or  colored,  for  notes,  gross 
weight  ...' pound  . 

Ruled  for  music v do 

For  binding,  colored,  lustrous,  and  marbled,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Colored,  without  lustei;  or  gilt,  for  tapestry,  gross  weight do 

Same,  fine pound.. 

Same,  with  luster,  gilt,  silver,  or  with  figures,  felt,  or  velvet,  gross  weight . .  do. . . . 

Visiting  cards C. 

Faratlinc : 

In  cakes,  gross  weight pound.. 

I n  candlcH,  gioss  weight do .' . . . 

Umbrellas: 

Cotton dozen . . 

Or  pura.sols  of  cotton do  — 

Of  tufTt-tv  nrsilk,  pure  ormixed,  simple do.... 

S^roe,  doubl*^  quality do 

Or  paraHoIs  of  any  stuiT,  of  silk,  simple,  plain,  and  without  ornaments do — 

SaiiM*.  ornamented do     . 

Flour  patitc.  in  vcrmic«  Hi.  macaroni,  maizena,  &c.,  gross  weight .    pound.. 

J.ozonges,  of  sngar,  and  comfits  of  all  kinds,  except  medicinal,  gross  weight,  .do 

Combs,  womi,  horn,  or  gutta-percha,  coarse gross.. 

Same,  of  tortoise-shell  or  ivory do 

\7igs.    (See  Hair,  htter  P,  other  list.) 

Uair  robes  for  saddles do  — 

Perfumery,  ordinary,  not   specified   in   the  third  part  of   this   section,  gross 
wei;;ht pound.. 

Same,  fifae do 

Parchment  in  sheets,  common  size dozen . . 

3'rarls,  fulfte,  of  wax,  paste,  or  composition,  polished,  gross  weight pound.. 

lilinds,  Venetian  and  transparent,  all  kinds,  gross  weight do 

Shiits,  bosoms,  cotton do 

^Jats  for  floors  (petates),  to  3  varas  long,  small  ordinary dozen.. 

Steels  for  COT  sols do.... 

Pitch  and  fluoroKin,  gi'uss  weight pound.. 

Jiones  for  razors  .  -      dozen . . 

Flints,  all  sizcH,  gross  weight cwt. . 

OrindstoneH,    round,    with    or    without    cranks,    for    sharpening    tools,    gross 

weight .pound . . 

Pepper,  black : 

In  prnin,  gross  weieht cwt.. 

Ground,  gi oss  wei;:ht pound . . 

PruHbes,  for  painters,  all  sizes dozen.. 

I'aint: 

In  oil,  gross  weijrht cwt.. 

Powder  not  specified  in  the  third  part  of  this  section,  gross  weight do . . . 

Piqu6,  or  dimity,  of  cotton,  with  or  without  quilting,  gross  weightA iK>und.. 

Piqu6,  or  dimity,  of  silk.    (See  Gro.) 
Pistols: 

Pocket,  singl£>-barreled do 

Pocket,  double-barreled do 

Or  revolvers  of  5  to  6  shots,  up  to  9  inches  long,  including  handle each. . 

Same,  of  5to7  shots,  longer do 

Horse,  single-barreled p^r.. 

Horse,  double-barreled ao 

Holsters: 

Leather,  for  saddles do.... 

For  revolvers  and  pistols,  belt dozen.. 

Pens: 

Quill    M.. 

Metal  or  steel gross.. 

Gold,  points  only dozen.. 

Gold,  with  stalks do.... 

Feather  dusters,  to  18  inches  long,  including  the  handle do ... . 

Same,  to  24  inches do 

Same,  larger do 

Spatterdashes,  leather  or  siupp,  without  soles pair.. 

Powder-flasks,  of  horn,  metal,  or  leather dozen.. 

Poplins,  cotton,  with  or  without  hemp  woof  to  80  inches  wide yard. . 

Wool,  mixed  with  hemp,  to  80  incmes  wide do 

Silk.    (SeeGTo.) 

Ponchos,  wool  each.. 

Porcelain.    (See  Belt  letter  L.) 

Portmonnaies,  of  leather  or  gutta-percha dozen.. 

Pearl,  tortoise  shell,  ivory,  bone,  or  metal do 

Presses,  for  copying  letters each.. 

Tips  for  billiard  cues,  leather C.. 

Tulle: 

Cotton,  plain,  to  86  inches  wide yard . . 

Same,  fancy  woven,  to  86  inches  wide i....do.... 

fbune^  embroidered,  to  86  inches  wide do  ... 

Auoe^o/siik,  with  weight  of  packing pound.. [ 


Appraise- 
ment. 

Duties. 

$0  15 

$0  104 

8  VO 

2  10 

30 

21 

10 

07 

18  00 

12  60 

4  00 

2  80 

10 

07 

15 

^       10* 

2  00 

140 

20 

14 

30 

21 

4  00 

2  80 

2  50 

1  75 

15  00 

10  50 

25  00 

17  50 

14  00 

9  80 

24  00 

16  80 

05 

03| 

20 

14 

600 

4  20 

1  20 

84 

8  00 

5  60 

30 

21 

50 

35 

3  60 

2  52 

1  00 

70 

30 

21 

40 

28 

80 

56 

2  00 

1  40 

10 

07 

6  00 

420 

9  00 

6  30 

05 

0^ 

8  00 

560 

10 

07 

1  00 

70 

6  00 

4  20 

4  00 

2  80 

80 

21 

600 

4  20 

8  00 

560 

600 

420 

10  00 

7  00 

10  00 

7  00 

12  00 

8  40 

3  00 

2  10 

500 

3  50 

1  80 

91 

80 

21 

4  00 

2  80 

8  00 

560 

3  00 

2  10 

500 

3  50 

8  00 

5  60 

2  00 

1  40 

600 

4  20 

15 

104 

20 

14 

500 

8  50 

1  00 

70 

3  00 

2  10 

8  00 

5  60 

40 

28 

15 

lOJ 

20 

14 

30 

21 

800 

5  60 

TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


371 


Articles. 


Appraise-; 
ment.      Duti^ 


Dageers*  blade  to  9  inches  long,  with  or  without  leather  scabbard dozen . . 

Same,  more  than  9  inches do — 

Same,  to  9  inches,  with  scabbards  of  metal  or  ornamental  leather do — 

Same, large do  ... 

CofEs,  cotton  or  linen,  for  men's  shirts.... dozen  pairs.. 

Q. 

Cheese,  gross  weight pound.. 

I«ampa,  all  kinds,  with  their  accessories,  gross  weight do — 

IL 

Rappee  snuff do — 

BeDozos: 

Cotton dozen.. 

Silk.    (Sm  Shawls.  leUer  P.) 

Heps,  or  colored  cotton  stuffs  for  furniture,  to  70  inches  wide yard . . 

Itesin,  ordinary,  gross  weieht cwt.. 

Springs,  iron,  for  seats  of  furniture,  gross  weight pound . . 

Hosavics: 

Wood  or  nut-shell,  ordinary gross.. 

Glass  or  porcelain  beads do  . 

Other  clasiies,  sui>erior   do 

Bussia,  linen,  or  cotton  mixed,  to  36  Inches  wide yard.. 

8. 

Sheets, cotton, to  8  varas  long dozen.. 

Sago  and  tapioca, gross  weight cwt.. 

Common,  rock,  or  grain,  gross  weight do 

Refined,  ground,  in  pockets  or  eartnen  yessels,  groas  weight do — 

Sausages,  gross  weight,  in  wooden  or  earthen  packages pound.. 

Salmon,  gross  weight,  in  wooden  or  earthem  packages do — 

Sauces,  gross  weighty  in  wooden  or  earthen  packages do ... . 

Same  three  articles  in  other  packages,  gross  weight do ... . 

Sandalina,  of  cotton,  plain  or  twilled,  gross  weight do — 

Sarapes,  or  ponchos,  wool each.. 

Sardines,  tin  bozos,  gross  weight pound.. 

Serge: 

Silk,  simple,  to  36  inches  wide yard.. 

Samo  quality,  double  to  36  inches  wide do 

Wool  or  cotton  mixed,  lastin,  chine,  and  zanela,  to  86  inches  wide,  ordinary  do 

Same  stuffs,  medium  and  fine do — 

TaUow: 

Id  cakes  or  molded,  not  purified,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Purified,  gross  weight do 

Silk: 

Untwisted,  all  colors,  with  weight  of  papers do 

Twisted,  all  colors,  with  weight  of  papers do.... 

Kapkins : 

Cotton,  grosa  weight do — 

Linen  or  mixed,  to  20  inches  long dozen.. 

Same,  to  36  inches  long do — 

Saddles: 

Ordinary,  with  or  without  acoeesoiieB each.. 

Medium  fine do 

Pine do  ... 

Kivelopea,  for  letters,  gross  weight pound.. 

8old<-r: 

Of  tin.    {8es  third  section  of  this  chapter.) 

Of  copper  or  bronze,  gross  weight do.... 


Imitation  of  straw  or  rush,  without  omamenta,  to  22  inches  drcmnference  in  the 

Interior  of  the  crown dozen.. 

Same,  with  ornaments do... 

Same,  of  straw  or  any  other  stuff  or  material,  without  ornaments do. . . 

Same,  with  ornaments..: do... 

Straw  or  imitation,  without  ornaments,  of  more  than  22  inchM  circumference 

in  the  interior  of  the  crown doz4*n... 

Same,  of  whatever  material,  ornamented do... 

Of  plush,  of  cotton,  of  Ticogne  or  beaTer,  of  more  than  22  inches  circumference  in 

the  interior  of  the  crown dozen.. 

High-erowned,  cylindrical,  lined  with  silk  or -imitation    . .  do 

Feit  or  wool,  ordinary,  of  more  than  22  inches  drcumferenoe  in  the  interior  of  the 

crown dozen.. 

SMne,  medium  fine do 

Same,  fine do 

Of  plush,  of  cotton,  ricogne,  beaver,  felt,  wool,  or  high-crowned,  cylindrical,  to  22 

inches  circumfurence  in  the  interior  of  the  crown,  half  the  foregoing  duties, 

according  to  the  class. 

Bush  or Jihyapa  (panama), ordinary dozen.. 

8ame,meaimn  fine .,... do.... 

8ame^  fine  and  superfine '. do — 


$12  00 

16  00 

24  00 

32  00 

2  00 


10 
40 


7  00 

15  00 

70 

6  00 

15  00 


2 
3 
4 


40 
00 
00 
15 


800 
12  00 

1  50 

8  00 

10 

10 

10 

15 

40 

5  00 

15  09 

50 

1  00 

20 

80 

7  00 
10  00 

8  00 
5  00 

80 
8  00 
4  00 

600 

20  00 

80  00 

26 


20 


$11  20 

8  40 

16  80 

22  40 

1  40 


07 
28 


4  90 

10  50 


49 

20 

104 

68 
10 
80 
101 


1 
2 
2 


5  60 
840 


1 
2 


05 
10 
07 
07 
07 
10* 
28 
8  50 
101 

85 
70 
14 
21 


4 

7 


90 
00 


2  10 
8  50 

21 
2  10 
280 

420 
14  00 
21  00 
17| 


14 


2  20 
600 
5  00 
9  00 

1  54 

4  20 
3  50 
680 

600 
18  00 

420 
12  60 

15  00 
22  00 

10  50 
15  40 

600 
10  00 
16  00 

4  20 

7  00 

10  50 

900 
20  00 
40  00 

680 

14  00 

I  2&^ 

372 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Articles. 


T. 

Tobacco,  chewing  or  oi|t  for  smoking pound.. 

Tea,  gross  weight do — 

Waterproof,  for  cloaks square  3'ard.. 

Cruppers,  for  saddles  or  pack-saddles dozen.. 

Forss : 

Of  turned  iron  or  pewter gross.. 

White  or  galvanized  metal,  with  weight  of  packings pound. . 

Velvet  or  shag,  of  wool  or  cotton  mixed,  to  80  inches  wide yard.. 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed,  plain  or  worked,  to  30  inches  wide do  — 

Ck>tt  on,  ord  inary,  to  26  inches  wide do 

Same,  fine do — 

Shears,  scissors  of  iron,  cast,  wroughti or  steel,  gross  weight pound.. 

Ink: 

Writing, gross  weight do.... 

China,  u  paste do — 

Indelible,  for  marking,  gross  weight do — 

Corkscrews : 

Iron,  folding dozen.. 

Common,  handles  of  wood,  iron,  bone,  horn,  or  any  other  material do — 

With  springs do.... 

Suspenders : 

Cotton  or  thread dozen  pair.. 

Any  fabric  of  wool do.... 

Silk do.... 

Towels.    (See  letter  P.) 

U. 
Grapes: 

Freah,  gross  weight pound.. 

Dried  raisins do.... 

V. 

Table  service  of  white  metal,  plated  or  gUt,  excepting  fine  silver  of  ^^  fine,  with 

weight  of  packings pound.. 

Candles: 

Of  common  tsllow,  gross  weight do.... 

Purified  tallow,  with  w^ght  of  boxes do — 

Sperm, gross  weight do.... 

Faraffine,  gross  weight do.... 

Wax,  groes  weight do.... 

Dresses,  ready-made : 

For  children  of  two  years  and  for  infants,  with  weight  of  packing do. . . . 

Of  any  cotton  fabric,  with  or  without  ornaments,  for  women each . . 

Of  any  woolen  atuff,  with  or  without  ornaments,  for  women do.... 

Of  any  silk  fabric,  with  or  without  ornaments do.... 

Same  for  misses  up  to  twelve  years,  half  the  foregoing  duties,  according  to  class. 

Of  any  cotton  or  Imen  fabric,  with  or  without  ornaments,  for  children  (boys)  up 
to  eight  years ooaen.. 

Same  of  woolen  fabric,  pure  or  mixed,  ordinary do.... 

(Suits)  of  cloth,  cassimere,  or  other  woolen  fabric,  fine,  for  children,  up  to  eight 
years dozen.. 

Same  for  boys  up  to  sixteen  years,  double  the  foregoing  duties,  according  to  the 
dass. 
Glasses: 

HoUow,  ordinary,  in  domestic  utehsils,  as  cups,  tumblers,  demyohns,  Ac^  gross 
weight cwt.. 

Medium  and  fine do.... 

Flat,  of  all  colors  and  sizes do — 

Crystals  for  watches ^ dozen.. 

Vinegar,  gross  weight pound.. 

Wine: 

Red,  in  any  kind  of  jpacking bottle.. 

Generous,  or  white,  in  any  kind  of  packing do — 

Foaming  and  vermouth jdo.'.;. 

MediciiuJ.    (See  third  part  of  this  section.) 

Violinettes  or  harmonicas,  flat  or  in  clarinet  form,  gross  weight pound.. 

Vizers,of  leather,  for  caps,  kepis,  &o dozen.. 

Y. 
Tinder: 

For  smokers pound.. 

Boxes  of  white  or  yellow  metal dozen.. 

Anvils,  of  iron,  gross  weight cwt.. 

Z. 
Shoes: 

Low,  calf  or  patent  leather,  for  men pair.. 

Same,  or  of  any  other  fabric,  for  women ao — 

Same,  silk,  for  women do — 

Or  slippers,  of  cotton  or  linen  thread,  without  embroidery  or  ornaments,  all 
sizes pair.. 


Appraise- 
ment. 


$7  00 

80 

1  00 

5  00 

8  00 


5 
1 
1 


2 

1 

1 
1 

4 


00 
00 
50 
30 
60 
20 

10 
00 
50 

00 
50 
00 

80 
1  00 
600 


05 
10 


500 


20  00 


12  00 

18  00 

4  00 

40 

05 

80 
40 
50 

50 
1  70 


80 
2  00 
7  00 


1  60 
100 

2  00 

20 


Duties. 


f4  90 

21 

70 

8  50 

2  10 
8  50 
70 
1  05 
21 
42 
14 


07 
40 
05 

70 
05 
80 

66 

70 
20 


0  H 
07 


860 


10 

07 

20 

14 

30 

21 

80 

21 

.70 

49 

000 

4  20 

15  00 

10  50 

80  00 

21  00 

80  00 

56  00 

7  00 

4  00 

10  00 

7  00 

14  00 


8  40 
12  60 

2  80 
28 
031 

21 
28 
85 

85 
70 


56 

140 
4  90 


1  05 

70 

1  40 

14 


TABIFFS   OF  THE   SEVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


373 


ArtldM. 


6ho«e: 

Same,  of  woolen  fkbrios,  stamped  or  embroidered,  all  siaes pair.. 

Smdo,  of  leather,  simple,  and  without  aav  ornament,  for  men  and  women,  .do — 

Smdo.  saperiors,  ornamented  or  lined  with  silk do — 

Of  mober,  with  or  without  soles,  for  men  and  women dosen  pairs. . 

Same,  to  22  centimeters  long  in  the  interior,  for  children do — 

Zino,  in  plates,  gross  weight owt.. 


Appraise- 
ment 

|0  70 
40 
1  00 
800 
5  00 
400 

Duties. 


10  40 

28 

70 

500 

8  50 

280 


third  part, 

Drugs  and  Mrdicines. 

Art.  20.  The  following  drags  and  medicines  shall  pay  70  per  cent,  on  their  appraise- 
ments: 


Articles. 


Oil:  A. 

Of  sweet  almonds pound.. 

Of  benneseed  (Sesamum  orientale) do — 

Cod-liver,  white  or  black gallon.. 

Cod  liver,  in  bottles,  up  to  16  ounces .dozen . . 

Cod-liver,  in  bottles,  upto9ounoes do — 

White,  or  of  poppy  seeds gallon.. 

Of  vanilla     do.... 

Castor,  in  bottles dozen.. 

Castor,  in  cans  or  other  vessels gallon. 

Croton pound.. 

Nut,  or  filbert do — 

Empyrenmatio do — 

Oil,  essential: 

Wormwood do — 

Bitter  almond do — 

LAvender do — 

Anise do  .. 

Bergamot da — 

Cinnamon,  ordinary do  . . 

Cinnamon,  of  Ceylon do  — 

Citron do  .. 

Cloves do — 

Carraway do 

Chamomile ounoe. . 

Lemon  or  orange  flowers do . . . 

Juniper pound. 

Fennel do... 

Jasmine do... 

Lemon do... 

Rose-geraninm ounce. 

Mustard do — 

Rosemary pound. 

Rose ounce. 

•*Bodio" do... 

Sage pound. 

Rue do... 

Savine do... 

Sandal  citrine ounce. 

Thyme - do... 

Turpentine gallon. 

Peppermint .pound. 

Valerian do... 

Acetate: 

Ammonium do  .. 

Copper do... 

Morphia ounce. 

Potassium pound. 

Lead « do . . . 

Sodium do... 

Zino do... 

Acid: 

Acetic do... 

Benzoic do... 

Boracic    do... 

Citric,  crystallized  or  in  powder do... 

Hydrocyanic  (medicinal) do... 

Phosphoric do... 

Pyrogallio  or  gallic do... 

Prussio,  medicinal do... 

Tartaric do... 

Aconite  root do... 

Poppy  heads.. do... 

Galia,  Levant  or  Aleppo do.. 


Appraise, 
ment. 

Duties. 

$0  80 

$0  21 

20 

14 

2  00 

140 

600 

4  20 

2  00 

2  10 

1  60 

1  12 

1  60 

1  12 

6  00 

420 

1  20 

84 

4  00 

280 

1  50 

1  05 

30 

21 

'600 

4  20 

12  00 

8  40 

2  50 

1  75 

8  00 

2  10 

500 

3  50 

2  00 

140 

80  00 

21  00 

2  00 

140 

2  00 

1  40 

2  00 

140 

2  00 

1  40 

2  00 

140 

2  00 

140 

2  00 

1  40 

3  00 

2  10 

2  00 

1  40 

1  60 

1  12 

2  00 

140 

2  00 

1  40 

5  00 

3  50 

2  00 

1  40 

2  00 

1  40 

200 

1  40 

2  00 

140 

1  60 

1  12 

2  00 

140 

1  20 

84 

3  00 

2  10 

20  00 

14  00 

40 

28 

80 

21 

5  00 

3  50 

1  00 

70 

25 

m 

1  00 

70 

1  00 

70 

20 

14 

5  60 

892 

70 

49 

40 

28 

4  00 

280 

70 

49 

12  00 

8  40 

400 

2  80 

40 

28 

70 

49 

.\            "K 

\        ^"^ 

374 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Articles. 


Agaric: 

White pound. 

Tinder do... 

Water: 

Mineral,  in  bottles dosen. 

Celeste, of  Ronssean, in  peculiar  flasks do... 

Original,  of  Chabl6  in  peooliar  flasks do  .. 

Kabdor,  in  flasks do... 

Orange-flower,  double ;  Barbadoes,  Carmelite,  the  green,  laurel,  cherry.  Florida, 
See.    (See  second  part  of  this  section. ) 

Spirits  turpentine,  in  tin  cans  or  barrels gallon. 

White  lead: 

Solid  or  powdered pound. 

In  oil.    {See  Paints,  second  part) 
8al  Tolatile: 

Liquid do... 

Concrete do... 

Cainphor: 

Murray's  fluid,  in  flasks,  up  to  8  ounces,  net dozen. 

Purified  or  sublimed ...pound. 

Copperas,  or  sulphate  of  iron,  impure cwt. 

Civet,  or  mallow  seed,  p<^rftmled  with  musk pound, 

Catheters  or  sounds : 

Of  gum-elastic dozen. 

White  metal do... 

Lavender  flowers pound. 

Bed  lead.    (See  second  part  of  this  section. ) 

Litharge ..do... 

Husk: 

Tonquin do... 

Canton do... 

Aloes,  socotrine  or  hepatic do... 

Alum,  or  sulphate  of  aluminium cwt. 

Hostetter's  stomach  bitters,  in  bottles  or  common  flasks dozen . 

Amber,  common,  yellow,  white,  citrine pound. 

Ambergris ounce. 

Ammonium : 

Carbonate  of pound. 

Hypophosphite  of do... 

Hydrochlorate,  or  muriate,  of do... 

Aneelica do... 

Anue J do... 

Antdmony : 

Crude  or  sulphide ..do  .. 

Metallic,  or  regulns  of  antimony do... 

Muriate  of do  .. 

Sulphide  of do... 

Tartrate  of do... 

Arsenic : 

White,or  arsenious  acid do... 

Yellow do... 

Atropine. ounce. 

Asid&tida pound. 

Saffron.    (See  part  second  of  this  section.) 

Sucarof  milk 1 do... 

Sulphur: 

Crude,  In  stiolcs cwt. . . 

Flowers,  or  sublimated,  in  powder do... 

Prussian  blue do... 

Balsam:  B. 

Of  copavia pound. 

Mecca do... 

Peru,  black ! do... 

Tolu  or  white do... 

OfPelletier do  .. 

Of  Pelquier do... 

Baryto: 

Muriate  or  nitrate  of , do... 

Carbonate  or  chlorate  of do... 

Berries  of  Juniper  or  laurel do... 

Bdellium,  gum  resin do... 

Belladonna,  leaves do... 

Benzoin,  common,  paste  or  almonds do... 

Benzine,  or  spirits  naphtha,  purified gallon. 

Same,  in  flasks  up  to  6  ounces .dozen. 

Yermilion,  China : 

Fine  pound. 

Ordinary do... 

Bicarbonate  of  sodium cwt. 

Same,  potassium pound. 

Bismuth : 

Metallic do... 

Snbnitrate do... 

ValeriaDHte ounce. 


Appraise- 
ment. 

Duties 

• 

$0  40 

$0  28 

9  m 

1  00 

70 

2  00 

1  40 

, 

200 

1  40 

3  00 

2  10 

• 

10  00 

7  00 

• 

120 

84 

• 

15 

101 

• 

20 

14 

• 

20 

14 

200 

140 

. 

40 

28 

• 

400 

280 

• 

40 

28 

• 

8  00 

2  10 

• 

900 

630 

• 

10 

07 

• 

16 

10| 

. 

15  00 

10  50 

400 

2  80 

50 

35 

, 

400 

2  80 

, 

8  00 

560 

70 

49 

• 

12  00 

840 

20 

14 

600 

420 

15 

lOi 

, 

50 

85 

• 

10 

07 

26 

171 

a 

30 

21 

1  00 

70 

2  00 

140 

• 

100 

70 

20 

14 

, 

60 

42 

* 

3  00 

2  10 

• 

30 

21 

• 

50 

85 

6  00 

420 

, 

10  00 

700 

70 

40 

50 

85 

200 

1  40 

1  20 

84 

100 

70 

50 

85 

50 

85 

50 

35 

120 

•84 

10 

07 

20 

14 

10 

07 

70 

40 

1  00 

70 

, 

200 

140 

1  40 

98 

60 

42 

600 

4  20 

30 

21 

1  00 

70 

4  00 

2  80 

50 

35 

TAPIFF8  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


375 


Articles. 


Pistons, of  bone  or  rubber,  for  syringes dozen.. 

Bole,  Aroieoian,  for  gilding; poond . . 

Borux.  refined,  or  borate  of  sodium do — 

Medicine  chehts, bom(eopatbic,  up  tolOvials each 

Same,  to  20  vials do 

Saoi  e.  up  to  240  T ial A *. do  . . 

Trasses,  all  kinds  and  sizes dozen.. 

Bromine         ounce.. 

Bromide  of  potassium pound 

Bmcine ounce.. 

Bucbu,  leaves ponnd.. 

Bulbs  of  colchicom do... 

C. 

Beans,  St.  Ignatius pound.. 

Cadmium,  metallic  and  preparations do  .. 

Chloride  of  lime,  dry,  in  barrels  and  other  packages cwt. . 

Calamine,  impure  oxide  of  sino pound.. 

Calamus,  aromatic do  ... 

Calomel,  sublimated do 

Pill-boxes,  wooden  or  paper gross. . 

Cantharides: 

Whole pound.. 

In  puwder do....' 

Cassia  fistula do... 

Capsules: 

Of  copaiba^  Mothea,  in  boxes  of  16  capsules doxen  boxes. 

Of  copaiba,  in  boxes  of  72  capsules do. . . 

Of  castor  oil  and  turpentine,  in  boxes  of  40  capsules do... 

Of  mat  ico,  in  bottles  up  to  72  capsules        do . . . 

Raqnins,  in  flasks  of  4  ounces,  or  pearls,  Clertans,  in  flasks  of  30 capsules . .  do. . . 

Of  classes  not  specified,  In  bottles  or  boxes. pound. 

Carbonate  of  ammonium do... 

Of  lime,  prepared .' do... 

Of  iron do... 

Ol  potassium, impure, or pearlash, for  washing do... 

Potassium do  . . 

Sotlium .* cwt. 

Sodium,  crystallized pound . 

So<1ium,  calcined do  . . 

Zinc do... 

Cardamoms do... 

Verdigris  ...» do 

Carmine : 

In  lack    do  .. 

Of  Florence,  superlBjie ounce . . 

Carrawayseed pound.. 

Bark: 

Peruvian  orcallsaya do — 

Other  classes,  ordijoary do 

Caatoreum ounce.. 

Japan  earth  pound 

Hellebore,  or  white  Juniper,  pulverized do  — 

Squills do... 

E  r got  of  ryo do — 

Cyanide  of  zinc,  potassium  and  mercury do 

Cionta  leaves do 

Cigarettes  chamico),  pulmonary,  in  boxes  of  23  cigarettes dozen. . 

Cinnabar.    {See  Vermilion,  letter  B.; 

Cinchonine  . ounce.. 

Citrate  of  magnesia,  of  lime,  and  Rogers's  ma;:nesia,  inordinary  bottles,  .doz.  fiasks . . 

Of  magnesia,  soluble pound. . 

Of  iron  ammonium  or  potassium do 

Of  quinine, and  of  iron  and  quinine ounce.. 

Citrate  of  morphia do 

Chlorate  of  potassium  pound.. 

Chloroform do 

CloHde : 

Of  calcium cwt.. 

Of ' *  oxided  "  of  sodium,  in  bottles dozen  bottles . . 

Of  zinc pound . . 

Of  tin do 

Of  gold ounce.. 

Labarraque's  solution  in  ordinary  bottles dozen  bottles.. 

Cobalt:  • 

Crystallized pound . . 

Powdered do 

Copper: 

Ammoniacal do.... 

Arseniateof do 

Codeine 5  -^^  •- 

{ounce.. 


Appraise' 
ment. 


10  60 

20 

25 

6  00 

12  00 

30  00 

10  00 

70 

3  00 

3  00 

60 

25 


70 

4  00 

10  00 

15 

50 

1  00 

70 

3  00 

4  00 
15 


2 
6 


00 
00 


3  00 


00 
00 
00 
20 
10 
25 
10 
80 
00 
10 
10 
20 
80 
30 


2  00 

1  20 

25 

1  00 
25 
60 
80 
40 
30 
50 
80 
10 

2  00 


Duties. 


10  42 

14 

i'* 
4  20 

8  40 
21  00 

7  00 
49 

2  10 

2  10 
42 
171 


49 

2  80 
7  00 
lOi 
35 
70 
49 

2  10 
2  80 
lOi 

1  40 
4  20 

2  10 
630 

3  50 
2  80 

14 

07 

17| 

07 

21 

4  20 
07 
07 
14 
36 
21 

1  40 
84 
174 

70 
17* 
42 
21 
28 
21 
35 
56 
07 
1  40 


1  00 

70 

5  00 

3  SO 

2  00 

1  40 

6  00 

4  20 

1  00 

70 

4  00 

2  80 

40 

2M 

1  00 

70 

10  00 

7  f  0 

4  00 

2  80 

1  00 

70 

70 

40 

15  00 

10  .50 

4  00 

2  80 

80 

20 

40 

28 

2  00 

1  40 

80 

ro 

12  00 

8  40 

400 

2  80 

376 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Articles. 


Colobionin  root ..pound. 

Collodion do... 

Colombo  root do... 

CicuUneorconicine ounce... 

Coraline pound. 

Uarkof  simaruba do... 

Baik  of  medicinal  treea  not  specified do... 

*Cream  of  tartar : 

Lumps do... 

Powaered do... 

Soluble , do... 

'Creosote,  in  any  packings do... 

Chalk,  prepared do... 

-Chrysanthemum,  powdered do. . . 

Ohromates  of  potassium,  iron,  lead,  See.     (800  Paints,  second  part  of  this  section, 
letter  P.) 

"Cubebs pound.. 

HJnbebine ounce.. 

Lily  beads  for  fountains 1,009.. 

Hartshorn: 

Rasped pound.. 

Calcined do. . . . 

"C^en"  flowers  and  leaves do 


Datura  stramonium,  leaves. 
Delphine 


D. 


..do... 
.ounce. 


Dextrine pound. 

' '  Deptoxide  "  ef  mercury do . . . 

Digitalis,  leaves do... 

Diosma crenata  (bochu)  do... 

Dittany  of  crete  (maijoram) do... 

Dulcamara,  crude  or  cut do... 

£. 

Elaterium.    (See  Extract  of  elateriura.) 

Elemi do... 

£Iesine,in  ordinary  bottles dozen. 

Elixir,  Dr.  "  Guilles '*  antiphlegmatic,  in  8-ounce  bottles do. . . 

Same  in  16-onnce  bottles        do. . . 

Paul  Gage's  antiphlegmatic,  in  8-ounce  bottles do . . . 

Dentifrice,  in  common  bottles do  .. 

Of  pepsino do... 

Emetine pound. 

Plasters,  all  kinds do. . . 

Scammony,  virgm, of  Smyrna do... 

Scammony,  in  crackers do  .. 

Ergotine ounce. 

Essence,  marvelous  crowned,  in  1-ounce  vials dosen. 

Essence,    (fi^ee  Eseential  oils,  letter  A.) 

Spatulas  for  pharmacists dozen. 

Spirits : 

Of  nitre,  sweet pound. 

Of  ammonium  (sal) do  .. 

Of  hartshorn -do. . - 

Of  mindereri do. . . 

Of  rosemary do... 

Of  nutmeg , do... 

Of  Jasmine    do . . . 

Of  cochlearia do  . . 

Not  specified do... 

Storax do... 

Ether: 

Acetic do — 

Nitric do 

Hj'drochloric  concentrated do 

Sulphuric do 

Extract  of  wormwood  hyoscyamns,  cicuta,  colocynth,  digitalis,  dulcamara do 

Extractor  guaiac  logwood do 

Extract  of  lettuce do. . . 

Of  rosin  of  j alap do . . . 

Of  opium ounce.. 

Of  liquorice pound.. 

Of  liquorice  refined  in  lozenges « do... 

Of  BOX  vomica do 

Of  rhatary do... 

Of  valerian  do 

Of  quina do  . . 

Of  i-hnburb do.. 

Of  quassia do 

Not  specified  do 

Strychnine ounce . . 


Appraise- 
ment 


10  25 

1  60 

70 

10  00 
30 
60 
20 

15 
25 
50 
1  50 
10 
80 


50 

400 

3  00 

25 
15 
25 


30 
12  00 
50 
1  00 
30 
80 
20 
15 


40 

2  00 

10  00 

20  00 

10  00 

8  00 

12  00 

20  00 

1  00 

12  00 


2 
2 


00 
00 
80 


4 
2 
2 
3 


3  00 

30 
20 
50 
40 
30 
50 

2  50 
60 

1  00 
25 

•  70 
30 

1  00 
40 

2  00 
30 

3  00 

3  eo 

1  00 
40 
50 
00 
00 
00 
00 

600 

3  00 

2  00 

4  00 


Duties 


t0  17i 
1  12 
49 
7  00 
21 
42 
14 

174 
85 
1  05 
07 
56 


21 
8  40 
85 
70 
21 
56 
14 
10* 


28 

1  40 
7  00 

14  00 

7  00 

2  10 

8  40 
14  CO 


70 
8  40 
40 
40 
56 


1 
1 


2  10 

21 
14 
35 
28 
21 
35 
1  25 
42 
70 

m 


49 
21 

70 
28 

1  40 
21 

2  10 
2  10 

70 

28 

25 

2  80 

1  40 


1  40 


2 

2 
2 
1 


10 
40 
10 
40 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL.   COUNTRIES. 


377 


Articlea. 


P. 

Farina pound. 

Flowers  of  lavender do... 

Of  bensoln do... 

Of  mullein  ond  of  zinc do... 

Qt  mallow do... 

Of  chamomile do... 

Of  elder        do... 

Of  linden,  European do... 

Of  violet do... 

liediciual,  not  specified .do. . . 

Phosphate  of  sodium do... 

Phosphorus do... 

O. 

Oalangal  root do... 

Peas  for  fountains 1,000. 

Oelai  ine,  in  leaves  or  fibers pound . 

Gentian  root do... 

Glyoerioe do... 

Oum: 

Mastic do... 

Myrrb do... 

Tragacanth  and  elemi do... 

Ammoniac do... 

Arabic,  white,  choice do  .. 

Arabic,  ordinary do  .. 

Arabic,  powdered do... 

And  lac  assafoetida do... 

Bdellium , do... 

Juniper  and  fcnftiao do... 

Scammony  do... 

Euphorbia  and  incense do . . . 

Gafvano do... 

Gamboge,  in  grain .do... 

Gamboge,  in  powder do... 

Labdanum  and  sagapennm do . . . 

Myrrh,  in  grain do... 

Myrrh,  in  powder do... 

Medicinal,  not  specified do... 

Grains  of  paradise do... 

H. 

Tonka hean  < do... 

Hercurv.  concrete do... 

Muriatfc  of  ammonium 7. do. . . 

Iron: 

Reduced  by  hydrogen do... 

Powder do... 

Arseniate do... 

Lactate '. do... 

Black  oxide do... 

Tartrate do... 

Valerianate de- 
liver: 

Of  sulphur do... 

Of  antimony do... 

Thread: 

Linen  for  surgeons do... 

Cotton  for  surecons do . . . 

Hypophosphite  of  soda,  lime,  ammonium,  iron,  potassium,  or  any  other  except 

quinine pound. 

Leaves  of  borage,  bolladona,  Spanish  sage,  and  cicnta do... 

Of  stramonium  and  deladera do. . . 

Of hyoscyamua     . do... 

Of  sabine  and  senna do. . . 

Medicinal,  not  specified do  .. 

Cuttle-fish  bones do... 

L 

Iiyoction  of  brou,  chable,  andofmatico,  in  bottles dozen.. 

Ipecacuanha  in  powder pound.. 

Ipericon,  in  powder do 

J. 

8oap,  medicinal  or  almond,  or  animal  for  spodeldock do 

Jalap: 

In  root ..do... 

In  powder do 


Appraise- 
ment. 

Duties. 

10  15 

p»m 

10 

07 

660 

8  92 

1  00 

70 

20 

14 

15 

lOJ 

10 

07 

30 

21 

40 

28 

25 

m 

50 

35 

8  00 

2  10 

25 

17i 

8  00 

2  10 

80 

56 

70 

49 

50 

35 

8  00 

2  10 

50 

35 

40 

28 

50 

35 

50 

35 

25 

17i 

50 

85 

30 

21 

20 

14 

50 

35 

12  00 

8  40 

25 

17* 

1  00 

70 

60 

42 

70 

40 

1  f  0 

112 

60 

42 

dO 

56 

40 

28 

30 

21 

2  00 

140 

1  00 

70 

15 

10* 

2  00 

140 

50 

35 

60 

42 

4  00 

280 

10 

07 

80 

56 

5  00 

8  50 

25 

17* 

40 

28 

1  00 

70 

10 

07 

6  00 

420 

10 

07 

15 

101 

30 

21 

20 

14 

25 

17* 

30 

21 

8  00 

5  60 

2  00 

1  40 

25 

17* 

10 

07 

70 

49 

1  00 

70 

378 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Articles. 


Jalapine oanoe. 

Tellow  anenio pound. 

6«lAtine  of  larice,  or  others do... 

Simps: 

Pectoral,  in  bottles,  up  toooepoand dosen. 

DepnratiTe«  in  bottles,  up  to  one  pound do... 

K. 

Kermes,  mineral pound. 

KoosAO: 

Flores do  .. 

Powdered,  in  bottles do... 

L. 

Lake,  carmine.    (See  Carmines.) 

Lactate  of  iron do... 

Laotacamm do... 

Landannm do... 

Hilk  of  Antefelcia  of  Candia,  in  vials doten. 

Lycopodinm ponnd. 

Liqaid: 

Donovan's do... 

Burnett's,  in  flasks dozen. 

Labarraque*s do... 

Linseed  ..  cwt. 

Lichen,  Icelandic pound. 

Liquid  amber do... 

Litharge do... 

Lobelia  leaves do... 

Lupuline do... 


Mace do.., 

Magnesia : 

Carbonate  or  sobcarbonate .'.  do.  . 

Calcined do... 

Henry's,  or  its  imitation,  in  4^unce  bottles dozen. 

Liquid,  in  bottle,  up  to  10  ounces do... 

Magnenia,  in  bottles,  up  to  24  ounces do... 

Breast  pomps: 

Common  glass do... 

Glass  ana  rubber do... 

Mechanical,  or  with  spring do... 

Manna : 

Ordinal^ pound. 

Selrcted or  white do... 

Maziganese: 

Carbonate do... 

Sulphate do... 

Black  oxide,  in  powder do... 

Mannite do... 

Butter: 

Of  antimony do... 

Of  cocoa   do... 

Of  nutmeg do... 

Blue  mass do... 

Davis's  painkiller,  in  2^>unce  vials dozen 

Mechoaoan pound. 

Mercury,  protiodide  and  dentiodide ounce. 

Mesercon  Dark pound . 

Red  lead do . . . 

Myrrh.    (See  Gum  myrrh.) 

Morphine  and  its  preparations  not  specified ounce. 

Milan  llies ^ .  gross . 

Muriate: 

Of  baj7ta pound. 

Of  ammonium do  -. 

Of  quinine ounce. 

Coraline pound. 

N. 

Narcotine ounce. 

Animal  or  ivory  black.    (See  Paints,  second  part  of  this  section.) 
Nitrate: 

Of  silver,  crystallized I>ound. 

Of  silver,  molded,  lunar  caustic ounce. 

Of  strontia ponnd. 

Of  bismuth do... 

Of  copper do... 


Appraise- 
ment. 


$160 

60 

1  60 

600 
7  00 


2  00 

200 
8  00 


4  00 
2  00 

1  00 

0  00 
60 

2  00 
6  00 
4  00 
6  00 

25 
SO 
15 

1  00 

3  00 


1  50 

20 
60 

5  00 
8  00 
7  00 

7  00 

7  00 

10  00 

90 

1  00 

6  00 
6  00 

10 

2  00 

1  00 
70 

2  00 
2  00 
2  40 

10 
50 
20 
10 


Duties. 


4 
1 


00 
60 

50 
15 
00 
80 


2  00 


16  00 

1  00 

50 

4  00 

60 


$1  12 

42 

1  72 

4  20 
4  90 


1  40 

1  40 

2  10 


2  80 

1  40 

70 

6  ao 

42 


40 
20 


2  80 
4  20 
17* 
35 
104 
70 
2  10 


1  05 

14 
42 

3  50 

2  10 

4  00 

4  90 
490 
7  00 

21 
70 

4  20 

420 

07 

1  40 

70 

49 

1  40 

1  40 

1  68 
07 
35 
II 
07 

2  80 
1  12 

35 
104 
70 
21 


1  40 


11  20 
"tO 
35 

280 
42 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  8EVEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


379 


Articles. 


IS'itre,  8wet>t  spirits  of pound. 

liYatnieg  do... 

li'axToinioa do... 

O. 

Ochre,  or  yellow  earth.    (See  Paints,  second  part  of  this  section.) 

Odontoid,  for  filling  teeth,  in5-ounce  vials * ....dosen. 

Opium,  crude pound. 

Powdered ...do... 

Liquid,  or  laudanum do... 

Opodeldock,  in  Bounce  vials dozen. 

Orchil pound. 

Bugloss  or  aochnsa do... 

Orleana,  extract  of  dyeing ..do  .. 

Orpiment do  .. 

Liquorice  root do... 

Liquorice  root,  powdered do... 

Oxalate  of  potash,  or  salts  of  sorrel do... 

Oxide: 

Ofhismuth ...do... 

Of  iron do... 

Of  sine  and  of  mercury do... 

Of  red  of  led do... 

P. 

Campeaohy  wood owt.. 

Panacea,  Surain's,  in  bottles ^ dosen.. 

Panouinvagogo.  purging,  in  bottlesof  8  tolOoonoes do — 

Same,  emetioin  tins,  of  4or  Sounces , do.... 

Paper: 

FUtering.    (See  second  part  of  this  section. ) 

For  fountains  (in  boxes  of  lO-ounce  papers) do. . . . 

Tayard's  chemical,  in  small  rolls do 

Plasters,  porous do.... 

Paste: 

Pectoral,  in  boxes  to  4  ounces do 

Ji^nbe pound.. 

Lozenges: 

y ermifdge  of  santonine,  boxes  or  bottles do.... 

IpeoacuMiha,  gum,  mallow,  sulphur,  toln,  and  vichi do.... 

Pauliinia,  powdered,  in  boxes dozen.. 

St.  Ignatius  beans pound.. 

Pearls  of  ether,  in  cases  of  30  pearls dozen.. 

Same,  in  cases  of  80  pearls do 

Pearls,  Kemp's  liquid  for  the&ce,  in  vials do  ... 

Pitch: 

Burgundy pound.. 

Cssulian owt.. 

Nipples  of  cows  teat  for  breast  pumps dozen.. 

Nipples,  rubber : do 

Stone: 

Alum cwt.. 

Infernal  (lan*r  caustic) ounce.. 

Blue(sulph,  coppers) pound.. 

Botten do 

Pumice cwt.. 

PIUs: 

Brandreth's.  in  boxesof25piIls dozen.. 

Frank's,  in  boxes  of  25  pills do  ... 

HoUoway's  or  Morrison^  in  boxes  up  to  48  pills do.... 

Same,  op  to  12  dozen do 

Same,  up  to  24  dozen do....' 

y allot 's,  up  to  3  dozen  pills «. do  . . . 

ysUet's,  up  to  a  dozen  pills do 

Blanchards,  to  SO  pills do 

Kemp's,  to  30  pills do 

Bristol's do.... 

Or  boluses.  Dr.  Albert's,  of  turpentine,  in  ordinary  boxes do 

Of  any  substance  not  specified pound.. 

PIU machine,  up  to  24  grooves dozen.. 

Piperine ounce.. 

Pectoral,  Anachnita,  in  vials dozen.. 

Plumbago,  or  black  lead cwt.. 

Powders : 

Mahogany  or  red  ochre do..T. 

Bed  lead pound.. 

Antimonial do 

Bice  and  violet do 

Bice,  unmixed do 

Blue,  or  ultramarine do 

Squills do 


Appraise- 

ment. 

$0  80 

80 

60 

800 

8  00 

800 

1  00 

600 

25 

25 

25 

60 

20 

80 

60 

1  60 

10 

1  00 

10 

4  00 

18  00 

12  00 

400 

2  00 

2  00 

1  00 

8  00 

50 

2  00 

1  00 

8  00 

1  06 

500 

10  00 

5  00 

10 

8  00 

1  00 

60 

400 

100 

10 

10 

8  00 

1  00 

8  20 

2  40 

7  00 

12  00 

4  80 

10  00 

4  00 

2  00 

1  00 

7  00 

4  00 

25  00 

70 

5  00 

6  00 

4  00 

10 

60 

80 

25 

70 

40 

Duties. 


$0  21 
56 
42 


2  80 

11  20^ 

8  40* 

2  8(V 


1  40 

1  40 
70 

2  40 
85. 

1  40 
70- 

420 

70 

8  50- 

7  00 

8  50 

07 

4  20 

7(V 

42 

2  80> 
70 
07 
07 

4  20 

70- 
224 
1  68 
4  90 
8  40 

3  36 
00 
80 
40 
70 
00 
80 


7 
2 
1 


4 

2 

17  ftO 
49 

3  50 

4  20 

2  80 
07 
42 
56 
174 
49 
2& 


380 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


ArtidM. 


Sed  precipiUte ponnd. 

Lopez's,  in  bottles  to  6  oimoes dosen. 

For  kfllinff  insects poood. 

Chable,  mliieral,  in  packets  if  Uiey  come  in  powder,  and  in  bottles  if  in  liqnid, 
forbatbs dozen. 

Rogers',  in  bottles do... 

Violet pound. 

Potash: 

Impore .'. pound. 

Caustio,  porifled do  .. 

Presses  for  corks dozen. 

Preparations  for  meronry  not  given ponnd. 

Pmssiate  of  potash do... 

Same  of  iron do... 

limine  and  its  preparation,  not  specified ounce. 

bitter ponnd. 

loassia do... 

>idine,  purified ounce. 

B. 

Racahout,  Arabic,  in  ordinary  bottles dozen. 

Boot: 

Aconite pound. 

Colnmbo do... 

Gentian,  yellow do  .. 

Angelica do... 

Dittany do  .. 

Valerian do... 

Birthwort  (aristolochia) do  .. 

Arnica do... 

Pellitory do... 

Peony do... 

Soapwort do... 

Turbl do... 

China do... 

Oontrayerva do... 

Colchionm do... 

Oalangal    do... 

Florence  lily do... 

Squill do... 

Turmeric,  whole do... 

Turmeric,  powdered do... 

Jalap,  whole  ..  do... 

Jalap,  powdered do... 

Ipecacuanha do... 

Liquorice do  .. 

Milkwort do... 

Ginger,  white do... 

Ginger,  gray do... 

Rhubarb,  whole r do... 

Rhubarb,  powdered do... 

Rhatany do... 

Serpentaria do... 

Tormentil do... 

Medicinal,  not  specified do. . . 

Resin  of  Jalap ounce. 

Consenre : 

Antisy philitio,  ' '  Rob-antisifllitio, "  in  bottles  up  to  2  pounds dozen . 

Same  in  bottles  to  1  pound ^ do... 

Same  in  bottles  to  8  ounces do... 

Rocu,  crude pound. 

Rose,  dried   do... 

Rhubarb.    (Ses  Root  of  rhubarb.) 

S. 
Salt: 

Ofwormwood  or  tartar pound. 

Of  sorrel do... 

Of  ammoniacal do... 

Of  aconite,  or  aconiline ounce. 

Of  digitalis  or  digitotine do... 

Of  glauber cwt. .. 

Of  volatile,  English pound. 

Of  mars do... 

Salts: 

Epsom cwt. 

"Nitre pound. 

Prunella  or  mineral  crystal '. do... 

Rochelle : do... 


Appraise- 
ment. 


$1  00 

300 

80 


1 
5 


00 
00 
50 

30 
70 
00 
60 
70 
70 


1  00 
60 
40 

1  00 


7  00 


70 
70 
70 
50 
50 
50 
20 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
00 
25 
25 
25 
30 
15 
25 
70 
00 
60 
20 
00 
40 
30 
60 
00 
00 
00 
30 
30 
20 


28  00 

12  00 

3  00 

80 

20 


30 

60 

15 

25  00 

15  00 

10  00 

20 

10 

4  00 
25 
40 
30 


Dutiec 


$0  70 

2  10 
56 

70 

3  50 
85 


21 
40 
20 
12 
49 
49 


70 
35 
28 
70 


490 

49 
49 
49 
85 
35 
85 
14 
42 
42 
42 
42 
42 
48 
70 


21 
42 

10* 

17  50 

10  50 

7  00 

14 

97 

880 

17* 

28 

21 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


381 


Articles. 


Balatroa pound. 

Salioine ounce. 

Salep,  Persian pound. 

Sandalwood,  red do... 

l<eeches,  officinal 1,000. 

Dragon's  blood I>ound. 

Santonica do  .. 

Santonine ounce. 

Saual^aii pound. 

Selenite,  for  hair  dye,  in  ordinary  bottles dozen. 

Senna: 

Leaves pound. 

Powdered do  .. 

Simambabark do... 

Same,  powdered do... 

Seed: 

Anise pound. 

Caraway do... 

Cardamom do... 

Coriander do  .. 

Lin cwt. 

Lin,  powdered '. I>ound. 

Medicinal,  not  spedfled do... 

Soda: 

Caustic,  common,  for  soap pound. 

Hydro  sulphate ; dp 

Purging^  (beidlitz,  in  boxes  of  12  doses) dozen  boxes. 

Befreshms:  (effervescing),  in  boxes  of  12  doses do. . . 

Purging,  m  ordinary  bottles dozen  bottles. 

Sodium,  metal ounce. 

Corrosive  sublimate I»ound. 

Sounds.    {See  Sounds,  letter  A.) 
Sherbets.    (See  Simple  sirups,  letter  J.) 

Spongiopiline *. pound. 

Subcarbonate  of  magnesia,  or  white  magnesia do... 

Snbnitrate  of  bismuth do... 

Sulphate: 

Of  copper pound. 

Of  aluminium cwt. 

Of  iron do... 

Of  magnesium do... 

Of  morphia ounce. 

Of  mercury .• pound. 

Of  potassium do... 

Of  quinine ounce. 

Of  sodium cwt. 

Of  zinc,  white,  vitriol pound. 

Sulphide  of  iK>tassium do... 

Suppositories,  rubber dozen. 

T. 
Plaster: 

Court,  for  wounds,  in  sheets  up  to  4  inches dozen. 

Stiddng,  ordinary vara. 

Ontta>percha,  for  wounds do... 

Tannin,  or  tonic  acid — pound. 

Talc,  Venetian,  powdered do... 

Tartar  emetic do... 

Plaster  doth,  to  18  inches  wide vara. 

Piaster,  cantharides,  orabespeyer,  caustic do... 

Sienna,  natural  and  calcined pound. 

Hair  dye,  Cristodoros  or  Bachelors dozen. 

Tincture, ethereal  tonic, in  bottles do... 

Crowned  essence,  in  bottles do... 

Tonic,  Kemp's  oriental,  for  the  hair,  in  bottles,  ordinary * do... 

Trichopherus,  Barry's,  common  bottles do... 

TunuMH pound. 

Turpentine : 

Purified pound. 

Venice,  liquid do... 

Treacle,  Venice do... 

Tripoly do... 

Ssr  trumpets: 

Bubber,  for  the  deaf dozen. 

Tin,  for  the  deaf do... 

Hetal,  flue,  for  the  deaf do.... 

Turpeth,  mineral pound. 

Tutty,  prepared do... 

IT. 
Ultramarine : 

Fine pound. 

Inferior  quality do... 


Appraise- 
ment. 

Duties. 

$0  30 

$0  21 

80 

56 

20 

14 

30 

21 

25  00 

17  60 

25 

174 

50 

35 

1  00 

70 

10 

07 

3  00 

2  10 

20 

14 

30 

21 

40 

28 

70 

49 

10 

07 

25 

174 

80 

56 

15 

104 

600 

420 

10 

07 

10 

07 

10 

07 

1  00 

70 

3  00 

2  10 

2  00 

1  40 

6  00 

3  50 

5  00 

8  50 

1  00 

70 

200 

140 

20 

14 

400 

280 

10 

07 

4  (K) 

2  80 

400 

280 

4  00 

280 

400 

2  80 

1  00 

70 

20 

14 

1  00 

70 

10  00 

700 

25 

"I 

25 

1  00 

70 

50 

35 

25 

174 

1  00 

70 

400 

280 

10 

07 

1  00 

70 

20 

14 

60 

42 

25 

174 

6  00 

420 

80  00 

21  00 

80  00 

21  00 

2  00 

140 

2  00 

1  40 

80 

21 

20 

14 

50 

85 

I  00 

70 

25 

174 

6  00 

4  20 

400 

280 

20  00 

14  00 

200 

1  40 

20 

14 

* 

6  00 

420 

• 

70 

i^ 

382 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL    COUNTRIES. 


Articles. 


Un^neDt :  * 

Of  cantharides ponnd.. 

Mercurial do 

Holloway's,  in  small  box dozen.. 

Holloway'a.  common  boxes do 

Or  sal  re,  HoUoway  's,  in  large  boxes t do 

Others,  not  specified poand.. 

V. 
Valerianate : 

Of  iron pound.. 

Of  quinine ounce.. 

Of  zinc do  ... 

S«ton8,  of  metal  or  tape '. dozen.. 

ViTal rine onnce. . 

V<nl  i  jrris, ponnd . . 

Vermifuge,  Vogler's,  in  vials  to  2  ounces do«en.. 

Cupping  glasses do 

"Wine: 
•    Of  colchicum,  andurrian,  in  bottles dozen. . 

Of  sarsaparilla,  Br.  Albret'8,in  bottles do 

Of  quinin«\in  bottles  to  20  ounces  do 

Medicinal, not  denominated bottle.. 

Violet  pound.. 

Vitriol : 

White do.... 

Blue do 

Y. 

Herbs,  medicinal,  not  specified do 

Iodine  and  its  preparations do 

Iodides : 

Of  iron do 

Of  sulphnr do 

Ofpotassinm   do  ... 

Of  mercni y ,  proto  and  dento ounce . . 

Of  lead pound.. 

Of  platinum ounce.. 

Of  gold do.... 

Of  zinc pound.. 

01  silver ounce.. 

Z. 
Sarsaparilla : 

Bail's  extract  of.  in  bottles,  up  to  10  ounces dozen.. 

Townsend's,  ita  bottles  of  10  ounces do... 

Same,  in  bottles  to 24 ounces. do... 

Bristors,  in  ordinary  bottles do... 

Mnrray's,  in  ordinary  bottles do... 

Lanman's do... 

Corbet's  sirup,  In  bottles  up  to  24  ounces do... 

Dr.  Albret's, in  bottles  do... 


Appraise- 
ment. 


$3  00 

1  60 

2  40 
6  00 

12  00 
80 


5 
1 
1 
2 

4 

2 
1 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
80 
60 
00 


Duties. 


12  00 

12  00 

20  00 

50 

40 

25 

10 


80 
80 


5 
5 
5 


00 

00 

00 

50 

4  00 

6  00 

6  00 

00 

00 


5 
2 


600 
500 

10  00 
8  00 

12  00 
8  00 
600 

12  00 


$2  10 
1  12 
1  68 
4  20 
8  40 
42 


50 
70 
70 
40 
80 
21 
82 
70 


8  40 

8  40 

14  00 

35 

28 

174 
07 


21 
3  36 

3  50 
3  50 
3  50 
35 
80 
20 
20 
8  50 
1  40 


4  20 
3  50 

7  00 
560 

8  40 
560 
8  50 
840 


Art.  21.  The  appraisement  by  weight  shoald  be  nnderstood  as  net  weight  in  the 
third  part  of  this  section ;  and  if  this  cannot  be  ascertained  without  danger  of  alter- 
ing the  snbstanceSi  the  net  weight  given  in  the  original  invoices  shall  serve  as  the 
base. 

Section  6. — Additional  ariiolea  io  the  foregoing  aeoUons, 

Art.  22.  Articles  of  which  the  appraisement  is  doabtful  on  account  of  their  size, 
make,  quality,  or  denomination,  shall  be  appraiHf)d  like  articles  similar  to  them. 

Art.  23.  Articles  not  herein  specified,  and  which  are  similar  to  nothing  given,  shall 
pay  70  percent,  on  their  principal  value,  according  to  original  invoices. 

Art.  24.  For  the  red  action -of  foreign  moneys,  weights  and  measures  of  merchan- 
dise, shall  be  observed  the  following 

Table  of  Relations: 

WEIGHTS. 


The  quintal  contains  100  pounds,  or  4  arrobas ;  the  arroba  25  pounds ;  the  poand  16 
ounces,  and  the  onnce  576  grains. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         383 

Pounds. 

One  hiimlred  w«Mj;ht,  Englishi  equals 110.500 

One  pound,  Eugliub,  equals 0.985 

Cue  kilogram  equals 2.173 

LIQUID  MEASURES. 

The  bottle  coDtains  24  ounces  of  distilled  water. 

Bottles. 

One  liter  equals 1.25 

One  gallon  equal 5.00 

One  arroba  or  cantara,  Spanish,  equals 2Q.  16 

Oneaznmbre  equals 2.52 

One  caartillo 0.63 

LONGITUDINAL  MEASURES. 

The  vara  contains  36  Spanish  inches. 

Ymtm. 

One  meter  contains  41.94  inches,  and  equals 1.  lf^5 

One  yard  contains  38.88  inches,  and  equals 1.080 

Ouc  aua,  French  or  Swiss,  contains  50.40  incheS|  and  equals 1 .  400 

MONEYS. 

Pesos.  Cents. 

One  pound  (£)  sterling  equals 5  0 

One  dollar  of  the  United  States  equals 1  0 

One  shilling,  English,  equals 0  25 

One  franc  equals 0  20 

Ono  peseta,  Spanish,  equals 0  20 

One  real  de  vellon  equals 0  5 

One  florin,  German,  equals 0  40 

One  florin,  Austrian,  et^uals 0  50 

One  reichsmarh  equals 0  25 

One  lira,  Italian,  equals 0  20 

One  peso,  Spanish,  Peruvian,  Mexican,  or  Chilian,  equals 1  0 

Art.  25.  Import  duties  shall  be  paid  in  the  manner  and  with  credit  as  follows: 

1st.  The  part  of  the  import  duties  which  goes  toward  the  amortization  of  the  bonds 
of  the  public  debt  shall  be  paid  without  credit. 

2d.  Of  the  part  which  should  be  paid  in  cash,  half  shall  be  paid  at  the  end  of  the 
two  months  and  the  other  half  at  the  end  of  four,  without  interest,  counting  from  the 
date  of  the  declaration  of  examination.  If  the  cash  part  amounts  to  less  than  one 
hundred  dollars-it  shall  be  paid  without  credit. 

3d.  For  the  cash  portion  referred  to  in  the  preceding  article,  the  owner  or  consignees 
of  the  merchandise  shall  sign  notes  or  warrants  to  the  order  of  the  administrator  of 
the  respective  custom-house. 

4th.  The  administrators  may  demand  further  satisfaction,  whenever  they  think 
proper,  security,  or  a  second  signature  from  debtors  for  import  duties. 

Art.  26.  The  bonds  of  the  public  debt,  demanded  or  accepted  in  payment  of  import 
daties,  in  whole  or  in  part,  shall  be  admitted  when  the  corresponding  quantity 
amounts  to  the  integral  value  of  the  bond  with  its  interest;  fractions  being  cellected 
in  cash. 

Art.  27.  For  the  reduction  of  brandies  to  20^  Beaum€,  when  its  proportion  of  alcohol 
may  exceed  this  grade,  the  following  table  shall  be  observed: 

One  bottle  of  brandy  of—  Bottles. 

20O  equals 1.00 

2lo  equals 1.08 

22°  equals 1.14 

23°  equals 1.20 

240  equals 1.24 

250  equals 1.30 

260  equals 1.36 

270  equals 1.40 

280  equals 1.44 

290  equals 1.48 

30O  equals 1.52 

31^  equals 1.56 

320  equals V«^^ 


384  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

« 

Bottles. 
One  bottle  of  braDtIv  of— 

330  equals ". 1.64 

340  equals 1.67 

350  equals 1.72 

36°  equals 1.77 

370  equals 1.78 

38<5  equals 1.81 

390  equals 1.81 

Section  7. — Commerce  mih  the  republics  of  Central  America. 

Art.  28.  The  maunfactures  and  natural  products  of  Central  America  sball  be  free 
from  all  duties  on  tbeir  introduction  into  tne  republic. 

Art.  29.  Brandies  are  excepted  paying  the  duty  established  in  the  second  part  of 
section  5  of  this  chapter,  and  also  articles  prohibited  or  of  illicit  commerce. 

Section  8. — Commerce  toith  the  Mexican  Republic. 

Art.  30.  Manufactures  and  natural  products  of  the  Mexican  Republic,  which  may 
be  introduced  by  way  of  the  terrestrial  frontiers,  shall  pay  for  duties  of  importation 
25  per  cent,  on  the  appraisement  of  similar  articles  fixed  in  sections  4  and  5  of  this 
chapter. 

Art.  31.  If  there  be  no  similar  articles  they  shall  pay  20  per  cent,  of  the  value  of 
said  articles  in  the  market. 

Art.  32.  I*^m  this  disposition  of  the  preceding  articles  the  following  articles  are 
excepted  and  shall  pay  duties  as  follows : 

For  each  bottle  of  brandy  to  20°  Beaum^ $0  35 

For  each  calf,  bull,  or  ox,  lean 1  50 

For  each  calf,  bull,  or  ox,  fat 4  00 

For  each  horse 2  00 

For  each  mule 2  50 

For  each  young  muld I  00 

For  each  colt I  00 

For  each  hog,  lean 25 

For  each  hog,  fat 50 

For  cows,  calves,  and  mares,  free. 

OE[A.I>TBR    3. 
STORAGE  CHARGES. 

Art.  33.  Articles  prohibited  and  of  illicit  commerce  shall  remain  subject  to  the  dis- 
positions of  this  code. 

Art.  34.  Merchandise  introduced  into  the  republic  may  remain  in  the  custom- 
houses for  the  term  of  six  months,  and  the  percentage  on  the  principal  value  of  the 
merchandise  established  below,  shall  be  collected  as  storage  dues. 

For  the  second  month,  one-fourth  per  cent. ;  for  the  third  month,  one-half  per  cent. ; 
for  the  fourth  month,  three-fourths  percent. ;  for  the  fifth  month,  1  per  cent. ;  for  the 
sixth  month,  1^  per  cent. 

Art.  35.  The  charges  referred  to  in  the  preceding  article  shall  be  cumulative  so 
that  for  six  months  '^  per  cent,  shall  be  charged,  and  the  month  commenced  shall  be 
considered  as  concluded. 

EXPORT  DUTIES. 

Art.  36.  Manufactures  and  natural  products  exported  by  sea  or  land  shall  pay  as 
sole  duties  20  cents  for  each  quintal,  gross  weight. 

Art.  37.  The  following  articles  are  excepted  from  the  dispositions  of  the  preceding 
article: 

1st.  Baggage. 

2d.  Articles  exported  for  the  account  of  the  nation. 

3d.  Fractions  of  weight  not  amounting  to  one  quintal. 

4th.  Fruits. 

5th.  Horns. 

Art.  38.  Wood  exported  shall  pay  1  cent  for  each  10  feet,  board  measure. 

Art.  39.  Manufactures  or  fruits  of  the  country,  whose  exportation  may  be  estab- 
lished in  the  ten  years  following  the  publication  of  this  code,  shall  be  exempt  from 
the  payment  of  export  duties  during  the  period  indicated. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


385 


,       TEMPORARY  DISPOSITIONS. 

Art.  40.  The  25  per  cent,  on  the  appraisement  of  additional  duties,  established  by 
the  decree  of  Jane  16,  1879,  shall  continne  to  be  collected  entire,  during  one  year, 
counting  from  the  date  in  which  this  code  goes  into  operation.  In  the  second  year 
two-thirds  of  this  shall  be  collected,  and  during  the  third  year  one-third,  which  being 
concluded  the  said  additional  duty  shall  be  entirely  extinguished. 

Art.  41.  The  following  articles  are  excepted  from  paying  the  25  per  cent,  additional 
duties : 

1st.  The  articles  comprehended  in  the  third  section  of  the  second  chapter. 

2d.  Empty  sacks,  ordinary,  for  exporting  the  fruits  of  the  country. 

3d.  Manufactures  and  natural  products  of  the  republics  of  Central  America  and 
those  which,  coming  from  the  Mexican  Republic,  are  introduced  by  way  of  the  ter- 
restrial frontiers. 

APPENDIX. 

(Trftnalfttod  tnm  decree  No.  267,  published  in  No.  877  of  the  offidAl  periodical  of  Gkuitemala,  under  date 

of  January  16, 1882.] 

ADDITIONAL  ARTICLES  TO  THE  FISCAL  CODE. 

Art.  1.  The  following  articles  shall  pay  25  per  cent,  on  their  appraisement : 


Artidee. 


Iron  wire,  ordinary,  for  maldngnaiU  or  lattice  work owt.. 

Wheat,  groas  weight do... 


Duties. 


$1  25 
88 


Art.  2.  The  following  articles  shall  pay  70  per  cent,  on  their  appraisement : 


Articles. 


OH,  oocoanut,  cotton-seed,  and  similar  oils gallon.. 

DemUohn,  or  large  glass  bottles,  covered  or  not,  gross  weight owt.. 

Kails,  iron,  for  shoeuig  horses  and  all  other  uses,  gross  weight do — 

liAOe: 

Cotton,  including  weight  of  packing do — 

Linen do.... 

Shotgun: 

Singl^barreled,  hreeoh-loading,  with  or  without  accessories each . . 

Double-barreled,  breech-loadiug,  without  box  or  accessories do — 

Same,  with  box  and  accessories do — 

Flowers,  artificial,  set  up,  with  weight  of  cardboards  and  paper pound . . 

Same,  not  set  up,  with  weight  of  boards  and  papers do — 

Gauze,  cotton,  gross  weight do — 

Suspenders : 

(Cotton,  embroidered,  with  weight  of  cardboard  and  paper do — 

Linen,  embroidered,  with  weight  of  cardboard  and  paper do — 

Syringes,  glass,  with  weight  of  packing do — 

Axes,  gross  weight cwt.. 

LAwn,  cambric,  percale,  tarletan,  &c.,  oottou,  plain,  gross  weight iK>und. . 

Paper,  colored,  for  binding,  lustrous  or  marbieu,  gross  weight cwt. . 

Visiting  cards: 

Blsnk 1,000.. 

Inscribed 100.. 

Slates,  carboard  or  stone,  with  or  without  slate  pencils,  gross  weight pound. . 

Lamps,  gross  weight do 

Cord: 

Woolen,  pnreormtxed,  with  wei^t  of  cards  and  papers do 

Silk,  puxeormlxed,  with  weight  of  cardboards  and  papers do 

Table  ware ; 

Of  gilt  or  plated  metal,  or  false  gold  or  silyer,  net  weight do 

Of  pewter,  britannic  metal,  or  oUier  simflar,  net  weight do 

DBUOS  JlHD  MKDICUfM. 

Oil,  cod'liTcr nllon.. 

Same,  in  bottles  up  to  8  ounces .dozen.. 

Same,  in  bottles  up  to  16  ounces do  — 

Cod-lirer,  with  cinchona  and  bitter  orange,  Ducout's  or  others,  in  bottles  up  to 
10 ounces  ^ dozen.. 

1784  CONG — A  P 25 


Appraise- 
ment. 


$0  50 
1  00 
6  00 

1  50 
8  00 

10  00 
10  00 
20  00 

2  00 
SO 
40 


2 

4 


00 
00 
10 

7  00 
00 

6  00 


2 
1 


00 
00 
05 
30 


1  00 
8  00 

2  00 
50 


80 

1  00 

2  00 


Duties. 


$0  85 

70 

4  20 

1  05 

2  10 

7  00 

7  00 

14  00 

1  40 

56 

28 


1 
2 


40 
80 
07 
90 
42 
20 

40 
70 

P* 
21 


70 
2  10 

1  40 
35 


56 

70 
140 


\^\     \^ 


386 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Articles. 


00,  cod-liver,  cmosoted,  in  bottles, ap  to  Soances dozen.. 

Pancreatic  of  cod  liver,  Defresne's  or  others,  bottles,  to  12  ounces do — 

Narcotic, or  tranquil  balsam pound.. 

Oil,  essential: 

Of  melissa do 

Of  cajepnt do 

Of  bitter  orange do — 

Of  patchouli ounce.. 

Of  ilang-iiang do.... 

Of  co^ac,  pure do 

Of  pineapple,  strawberry,  raspberry,  and  similar pound . . 

Acid: 

Carbolic  or  phenic do 

Hydroflaoric do 

Oxalic do 

Salicylic do 

Valerianic  do 

Bismuth,  subnitrate do 

Borax,  refined,  or  borate  of  sodium do — 

Bromide: 

Of  potassium do 

Of  sodium    do  — 

Of  camphor do — 

Bougies.  Reynal's  medicinal dozen.. 

Carbouato  of  potifsinm,  impure  pearlash cwt.. 

Carbonate  of  sodium,  crystallizea do 

Cigarettes,  Grimault's  Indian,  in  boxes  of  12  cigarettes dozen  boxes.. 

Citrate  of  cafeino ounce.. 

Chloral  hydrate pound.. 

Chloride  of  lime cwt . . 

Codeine ounce. . 

Isinglass ,  pound.. 

Cream  of  bismuth  in  vials,  up  to4-ounce dozen.. 

Diastase ounce.. 

EUxir: 

Of  cinchona,  Larroche's,  in  bottles,  up  to  10-onnce dozen . . 

Of  cinchona,  Larrocho's,  in  bottles,  up  to  20<ounce do 

Boldo'8,in  botUes.  to  10-ounce do 

Cocoa,  in  bottles, to  12-ounce do 

Cinchona,  royal,  simple  or  ferruginous,  bottles,  to  10*ounoe do 

Jaborandi,  bottles,  to  4-ounce do 

Pla.Hters  of  thapsia,  to  20  centimeters  wide meter . . 

Ergotine ounce.. 

Extract  of  buchu,  Helmbold's,  in  vials,  to  4^>unce dozen . . 

Fruit  purging,  or  Grillon's  Indian  tamarined,  or  Julien's,  boxes,  to  12  fhiits, 
dozen  boxes 


Glycerine pound.. 

Japanese  drops, bottles  of  |-ounc« dozen.. 

Goudron : 

Guyot's,  bottles,  to  12^nnce do 

Grimault*s,  bottles,  to  12^unce do 

Confectionery,  medicinal IK>und.. 

Granule*!!,  PapiUard's,  or  others,  in  vials,  up  to  30  gnuinles dozen . . 

Dialyzed  iron,  Browai's,  Grimanlt's,  in  2-ounce  vials do 

Dialyzcd,  Wyeth's,  in  4-ounc«  vials do 

Protoxalate  of  iron,  Girard's,  in  |-ounoe  vials do 

Perchloride of  iron pound.. 

Llera's  solution  of  iron,  in  8-ounce  vi^ dozen.. 

Ipecacuanha^ in  powder ». pound.. 

Jalap do.... 

Simp,  reconstmcting,  of  lacto>phosphate  of  Ume,  bypophosphites,  or  of  iron,  vials 

up  to  8-ounce dozen.. 

Lacto-phosphate of  lime pound.. 

Hoffman's  anodyne do 

Liniment,  Geneau's,  in  10-ounce  bottles dozen.. 

Malt  extract,  Fromuser's,  or  others,  in  16-ounce  bottles do 

Nitrate  of  strontium pound.. 

Oxalate  of  cerium do  ... 

Pancreatine,  Defresne's, in  l*ounce  vials dozen.. 

Lozenges : 

Of santouine, vermifuge    pound.. 

Of  ipecacuanha,  gum,  mallow,  sulphur,  tola,  i^t,  and  vlcby do 

Ayer's  cherry  pectoral, 4-onnoe  vials dozen.. 

Pepsiu : 

Powdered *. pound.. 

Paste  (pasta). do 

Boudanlt's, l-ounce vials .dozen  . 

Nipples'  rubber   gross.. 

PiUs,  Ayer's,  Indian,  Jayne's,  Badway's,  Moffat's,  in  vials  or  boxes,  to  86  pills,  dozen. . 
Powders: 

Belloe's  carbon,  4^>unoe  vials dozen.. 

Tarrant's  Seltzer  Aperient,  in  vials,  to  4^raiioe do 


Appraise- 

1    ment 

1 

1 

1  Duties. 

1 

$5  00 

$3  50 

6  00 

4  20 

30 

21 

5  00 

3  50 

2  50 

1  75 

5  00 

3  50 

1  00 

70 

10  00 

7  00 

1  00 

70 

2  50 

1  75 

40 

28 

1  00 

1          70 

15 

10* 

2  50 

1  75 

6  00 

4  20 

2  00 

1  40 

15 

104 

50 

35 

1  50 

1  05 

5  00 

3  50 

60 

42 

3  00 

2  10 

3  00 

2  10 

25 

171 

800 

2  10 

1  60 

1  05 

3  00 

2  10 

4  00 

2  86 

50 

35 

600 

420 

400 

2  60 

5  00 

3  50 

9  0» 

6  30 

6  00 

4  30 

4  00 

2  80 

4  00 

2  80 

5  00 

3  50 

30 

21 

80 

36 

8  00 

5  60 

4  00 

2  80 

20 

14 

3  00 

2  10 

3  00 

2  10 

2  00 

1  40 

400 

2  80 

1  50 

1  05 

6  00 

3  50 

500 

3  50 

4  00 

280 

50 

35 

3  00 

2  10 

1  00 

70 

40 

28 

4  00 

280 

200 

1  40 

40 

28 

10  00 

7  00 

800 

560 

20 

14 

4  00 

2  80 

6  00 

4  20 

70 

•   40 

30 

21 

8  00 

5  60 

8  00 

6  60 

10  00 

7  00 

10  00 

7  00 

3  00 

2  10 

2  00 

1  40 

800 

2  10 

7  00 

4  90 

TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES, 


387 


Articles. 


Pomade,  Galopean,  vials,  or  gallipots  of  i  oance dozen.. 

Prnssiate  of  potassioin  pound.. 

Quila^'a  bark,  Panama do 

Roots : 

Aconite,  Colnmbo,  yellow,  gentian,  angelica,  and  valerian do 

Arnii-a,  pellitary,  peony,  saponaria,  turbe,  and  china do 

Rhubuib,  entirte  do 

Rhubarb,  powdered do.... 

A yer's  remedy,  fever  killer,  in  4-ounce  vials dozen.. 

Hall's  Sicilian  hair  renovator,  in  8-ounce  vials do... 

Salicyl.iU^  of  sodium,  or  other  substances,  except  qojnia pound. . 

Soila,  caustic,  ordinary cwt. . 

Sozodont.  Van  Buskirk's,  in  2-oance  vials dozen. 

Sulphide  of  carbon pound.. 

Anil  iu«^  dyes do 

U 1 !  t amanue,  fine,  and  ordinary do 

V.ileriuuate  of  ummouium     oance.. 

Vaseline,  or  pcti-oleum  jelly,  bottles,  to  2-ounoe dozen . . 

Same,  in  tins,  to  2-ounce ponnd.. 

Av<rs  Ir.iir  vi;j;or,  iu  4-ouuce  vials dozen.. 

Wine  ot  cinchona  (quiuia),  bottles,  to  JO^nnce , do 

8aui(%  bottles,  to20-ounco do... 

Iodide  of  sulphur,  iron,  and  potassium pound.. 


Appraise- 
ment. 

Dntios. 

^1  50 

$1  05 

30 

21 

15 

10* 

15 

10^ 

30 

21 

70 

49 

80 

50 

8  00 

5  60 

6  00 

4  20 

3  00 

2  ID 

4  00 

2  80 

6  00 

4  20 

20 

14 

2  00 

1  40 

20 

14 

1  00 

70 

2  00 

140 

40 

28 

7  00 

4  90 

4  00 

2  80 

6  00 

4  20 

3  00 

2  10 

Art.  3.  The  appraisement  expressed  in  the  preceding  article  shall  also  serve  as  a 
basis  for  the  appraisem^ut  of  the  articles  which  in  the  second  and  third  parts  of  sec- 
tion f),  chapter  2  (Title  1,  Book  I),  of  the  fiscal  code,  are  referred  to  the  merchandse 
expressed  iu  that  article. 

Art.  4.  The  articles  specified  in  articles  1  and  2  shall  also  pay  the  25  per  cent,  on 
the  appraisement,  additional  duties,  in  the  terms  expressed  in  article  40  of  the  fiscal 
code. 

Note. — The  25  per  cent,  additional  duties  meDtioned  in  the  above 
article  and  in  article  40  of  the  fiscal  code  is  reckoned  on  the  appraise- 
ment and  not  on  the  duties;  so  that  the  duties  on  an  article  given  in 
the  tariff  at  70  per  cent,  are  in  reality  70+25=95  per  cent,  of  the  valua- 
tion. 

In  addition  to  this,  a  tax  of  $1  per  cwt.  is  levied  on  all  merchandise 
entering  the  custom-house  in  Guatemala  City  for  the  benefit  of  the  mu- 
nicipality. 

FKANK  H.  TITUS, 

ConsuL 
Unitsd  States  Consulate, 

Ouatemala. 


HONDURAS. 
HONDURAS  IMPORT  DUTIES. 

BEPORT  BY  CONSUL  BVRCHJMD,  OF  BXTATAN  AND  TRTTXILLO. 

The  tariff  of  Honduras  divides  merchandise  into  ten  classes,  and  im- 
poses a  duty  on  the  gross  weight  of  each  bale,  barrel,  package,  &c.,  at 
a  fixed  rate  per  pound,  which  rq^te  ranges  from  3  cents  to  $1.50. 

The  following  table  contains  all  of  the  principal  articles  of  merchan- 
dise imported  from  the  United  States,  divided  into  their  respective  classes, 
with  the  duty  corresponding  to  each. 

First  class  J  free. — ^Agricultural  and  mining  machinery,  steam-engines, 
saw-mills,  lumber,  shingles,  iron  and  wood  buildings,  brick,  lime,  ce- 
ment, coal,  slate,  zinc,  and  other  materials  for  roofing;  clocks  for  obiWi^VL*^ 


388  TARIFFS   OP  THE   SEVEBAL   COUNTKIES. 

and  towers,  materials  for  railroad  cars,  pumps,  printing-presses,  type, 
paper,  and  other  materials  for  printing:  boats  and  lighters  with  their 
oars  and  sails,  iron  and  lead  pipes,  wire  for  fences,  live  animals,  barrels, 
pipes,  and  hogsheads,  hoops  and  staves,  gnnuy.bags,  gold  and  silver 
bullion  and  coin,  books,  seeds  and  plants,  fertilizers,  rice,  beans,  flour, 
meal,  corn,  potatoes,  and  other  vegetables;  ice,  personal  baggage,  and 
household  effects  of  passengers  and  immigrants;  articles  introduced 
for  the  use  of  foreign  ministers,  for  the  President  and  members  of  his 
<5abinet,  and  on  account  of  the  Government. 

Second  class,  duty  3  cents  per  pound, — Hard  bread  and  crackers ;  coffee, 
sugar,  starch,  molasses,  honey,  com  starch;  beef,  dried,  smoked,  or 
salted;  x>ork,  bacon;  stoves,  pots,  and  all  cooking  utensils  made  of  iron; 
axes,  spades,  shovels,  picks,  crowbars,  chains,  anchors;  iron  safes;  let- 
ter-presses; nails,  tacks;  iron,  steel,  brass,  copper,  tin,  and  zinc,  in  bars, 
rods,  or  sheets;  tar:  mineral  waters,  ginger  ale;  kerosene  and  all 
other  oils  for  fluids  or  light;  common  soap ;  crockery;  blank  books,  pens, 
pencils,  ink;  cofiee  and  com  mills;  grindstones;  paints;  epsom  and 
glauber  salts ;  tallow;  sole  leather;  glassware;  vinegar. 

Third  class,  8  cents  per  pound. — All  articles  made  of  iron,  steel,  tin, 
brass,  or  zinc,  not  specified  in  other  classes;  linseed,  cod-liver,  and 
almond  oils;  nuts  and  dried  fruits;  spices;  lamps,  lanterns,  chandeliers, 
chimneys,  globes,  candlesticks,  &c.,  not  plated  or  gilded:  billiard  tables, 
pianos,  organs,  chairs,  sofas,  tables,  and  furniture  of  all  kinds  made  of 
wood;  paper,  either  for  writing  or  wrapping;  fish,  salted,  smoked,  or 
dried;  wines  of  all  kinds;  sperm  candles;  carpets  made  of  cotton  or 
mixed  with  wool;  mattresses;  mirrors;  matches;  preserved  fruits  and 
jellies;  tools  for  carpenters, blacksmiths,  and  other  trades;  hams;  china 
and  porcelain  wares ;  sails  for  vessels,  rope,  and  cordage. 

Fourth  class,  duty  16  cents  per  pound. — ^Brandy,  rum,  gin,  and  other 
spirits:  perfumed  soaps  and  oils;  perfumed  waters  for  the  toilet;  sheet- 
ings, shirtings,  brown  and  colored  drills,  duck  and  all  other  cotton  fab- 
rics, except  prints,  lawns,  muslins,  and  other  dress  goods;  cotton  and 
linen  thr(»)d ;  rubber  and  gutta-percha  goods ;  surgical,  mathematical, 
and  musical  instruments;  toys,  baby  carriages,  baskets,  trunks,  valises> 
carpet-bags,  needles,  pins,  fish-hooks,  buckles ;  thimbles,  except  gold 
or  silver;  knives  with  wood  handles;  brooms,  wooden  buckets. 

Fifth  class,  duty  24  cents  per  pound. — Beady-made  clothing;  socks, 
caps,  gloves,  and  all  other  knit  goods  made  of  cotton ;  buttons  of  all 
kinds,  except  silk,  pearl,  gold,  and  silver ;  penknives,  razors,  scissors, 
knives  and  forks,  sheath  knives;  linen  and  mixed  drills,  tablecloths, 
towels,  napkins;  artificial  fireworks;  canes,  whips;  umbrellas,  parasols 
of  cotton  or  wool;  tanned  skins,  leather ;  tea;  brushes;  photographic 
instruments  and  materials. 

Sixth  class,  duty  28  cents  per  pound. — Drugs,  medicines,  and  chemical 
preparations;  all  plated  and  gilded  goods;  ready-made  ladies' clothing 
and  underwear  of  cotton ;  cotton  handkerchiefs ;  essences  and  extracts ; 
tape,  lace,  edging,  Hamburg,  &c.,  of  cotton ;  wool  blankets ;  clocks ; 
linen  shirtings;  prints,  calicoes,  ginghams,  and  other  similar  cotton 
fabrics;  nautical  instruments. 

Seventh  class,  duty  36  cents  per  pound. — Woolen  or  mixed  fabrics,  such 
as  table  covers,  stockings,  gloves,  caps,  half  hose,  &c.;  cotton  shirts, 
lawns,  piqu6,  percales,  cambrics,  linen  hosiery. 

Eighth  class,  duty  50  cents  per  pound. — ^Fans,  except  with  ivory  han- 
dles; spectacles,  opera  glasses,  telescopes;  boots  and  shoes  of  all  kinds ; 
linen  shirts;  clothing  made  of  wool  or  linen ;  knives  and  forks,  plat«d  or 
gilded;  corsets,  suspenders,  elastics;  violin  and  guitar  strings;  swords, 


TAEIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         389 

daggers,  pistols,  revolvers,  fowling  pieces,  cartridges ;  caps,  felt  and 
straw  hats  for  men  or  women;  ambrellas,  parasols,  of  pare  silk  or 
mixed;  broadcloth,  cassimere,  merino;  mnslin ;  flannel,  and  all  fabrics 
of  pure  wool  or  mixed  with  cotton,  not  specified  in  the  other  classes ; 
saddles. 

Ninth  cUiss^  duty  80  cents  per  pound. — Clerical  and  church  ornaments; 
cigarettes ;  artificial  flowers ;  laces,  ribbons,  cords,  stockings,  gloves,  &c., 
made  of  pure  linen  or  mixed;  linen  dress  goods;  woolen  shawls  and 
shirts;  fur,  silk,  and  Panama  hats ;  neckties  of  cotton,  linen,  or  wool; 
curtains  and  mosquito  bars  of  cotton  or  linen. 

Tenth  classj  duty  $1.50  per  pound. — Fans  with  ivory  handles ;  orna- 
ments and  net  work  for  the  head;  billiard  balls;  human  hair  and  its 
imitations;  kid  gloves;  jewelry  and  watches  of  all  kinds;  silk  goods, 
goods  made  of  silk  mixed  with  cotton  or  linen,  not  specified  in  other 
classes. 

The  following  articles  are  prohibited,  unless  introduced  for  the  use  of 
the  Government,  viz :  Gunpowder,  except  for  mining  purposes;  muskets, 
rifles,  cannons,  and  other  munitions  of  war;  cigars  and  tobacco. 

The  duties  are  collected  on  the  gross  weight  of  all  packages  of  mer- 
chandise. No  tare  is  allowed  for  boxes,  barrels,  crates,  &c.  It  some- 
times happens  that  the  duty  on  a  box  amounts  to  more  than  that  of  its 
contents.  Mr.  William  Melhado,  the  British  consul  for  Truxillo  and  the 
Bay  Islands,  recently  called  my  attention  to  a  pile  of  empty  boxes,  bar- 
rels, and  crates  in  his  back  yard,  upon  which  he  assured  me  that  over 
$3,000  had  been  paid  to  the  custom-house  for  duties. 

To  the  total  amount  of  duties  by  weight,  according  to  the  preceding 
tariff,  the  following  extras  are  added,  viz : 

First.  For  public  roads,  2  per  cent. 

Second.  For  the  university  fund,  2  per  cent. 

Third.  For  the  hospital  fund,  2  per  cent. 

Fourth.  For  the  funded  debt,  10  per  cent. 

Finally,  the  importer  has  to  pay  50  cents  per  100  pounds  on  the  gross 
weight  01  his  merchandise  for  storage,  whether  he  uses  the  Govern- 
ment's warehouse  or  not. 

TonncLge  dues  a/nd  port  charges, — Vessels  of  100  tons  or  less  pay  60 
cents  per  ton ;  vessels  of  100  to  150  tons  pay  37^  cents  per  ton;  vessels 
of  150  tons  and  over,  pay  25  cents  per  ton.  For  light-house  and  buoys, 
12  cents  per  ton  extra. 

Steamships  engaged  in  the  fruit  trade  are  exempt  from  the  payment 
of  tonnage  and  light-house  dues.  The  permit  to  discharge  and  receive 
cargo  costs  $2;  anchorage,  $1;  clearance,  $1. 

WM.  C.  BXJEOHAED, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consxtlate  at  Bxjatan  akb  Tbuxillo, 

December  1, 1882. 


390 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTBBES. 


VENEZUKIiA. 
THE  HEW  IMPORT  TARIFF  OF  VENEZUELA. 

TRANSMITTED  BT  CONSUL  PLUMACHER,  OF  MARACAIBO. 

In  connection  with  the  translatioii  of  tbe  new  Venezuelan  imiK)rt 
tariff,  herewith  transmitted,  which  went  into  effect  Jnly  1  last,  I  desire 
to  state  that,  although  much  labor  and  careful  investigation  have  been 
bestowed  on  rendering  it  into  English,  the  result  can  hardly  be  regarded 
as  entirely  satisfactory.  In  this  country,  where  the  Spanish  language  is, 
perhaps,  more  perverted  than  in  any  other  of  the  South  American  Re- 
publics, and  where  an  abundance  of  local  expressions  are  current  it  is 
always  difficult,.and  sometimes  impossible,  to  give  the  exact  equivalents 
in  English.  Still  the  translation  is  as  correct  as  could  possibly  be  made, 
and  will  give  an  accurate  general  idea  of  the  duties,  which  in  some  cases 
might  be  almost  regarded  as  prohibitory. 

Under  all  circumstances  it  would  be  highly  advisable  for  our  exporters 
to  have  their  invoices  carefully  examined  by  the  Venezuelan  consuls 
before  shipping  their  goods,  for,  owing  to  the  extremely  complicated 
nature  of  the  tariff,  errors  might  easily  be  committed,  for  which  no  ex- 
planations would  be  received,  and  which  would  be  considered  sufficient 
cause  for  confiscation. 

E.  H.  PLUMACHER, 

Consul, 

United  States  Consulate, 

MaracaibOy  September  19, 1881, 


IMPORTATION    TARIFF    OF   THE    REPUBLIC    OF    VENEZUELA,    TAKING 

EFFECT    JULY    1,    1881. 

[TraDsIated  by  Eagene  H.  Plumacher,  United  States  oonBal,  MaTAcaibo.] 

Accordiug  to  Ibo  existing  VeDezuelan  tariff  all  imported  articles  are  divided  into 
nine  classes,  viz: 

Per  kilogram. 

First  class Free. 

Second  class $0  02 

Third  class 05 

Fdiirth  class 15 

Fifth  class 25 

Sixth  class : 50 

Seventh  class 1  00 

Eij;hth  class 2  00 

Niiith  class 4  00 

Tht;  articles  free  of  importation  and  also  those  whose  importation  is  wholly  pro- 
hibited will  be  found  at  the  conclusion  of  the  accompanying  translation  of  the  tariff. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  in  all  cases  the  duties  mentioned  refer  to  so  much  per 


Isilogram,  irrespective  of  value,  as  there  are  no  ad  valorem  rates  established. 

The;  duties  given  in  the  translation  are  reduced  to  United  S 
letters  «.  o.a.  mean  **  not  otherwise  specified,** 


States  money,  and  the 
The  goods  imported  are  appraised  according  to  their  gross  weight. 


Articles. 


Acid: 

Stearic 

Oleic 

A  cetlc 

^luriatio . 

Nitric   

^>ulphuric 

^'artario,  in  i»owder 


8 
3 
3 
8 
3 
2 
5 


Datyi>er 
kilogram. 


$0  05 
05 
05 
05 
05 
02 
25 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  8EVEBAL  C0DNTKIE8. 


391 


Impartatiou  tariff  of  the  Bepublio  of  Venezuela^  ^o. — Continued. 


Articles. 


Alabaster. 
Alembics . 


Albotns  

Alcoholometers 

Almonds: 

Shelled 

I'nshcUcd 

Alpi:L»,  woolen  or  of  wool  mixed  with  cotton. 

Alum,  crude 

Aromonia,  liquid 

Aucliuis,  tMMtt  and  laanch 

AncliiiiH,  ships' 

Aniseed 


Arabias,  linen  or  cx>tton 
Argil 


Appai-atQH,  photographic 

Aieouieters 

Ameoic 


Articles  containing  gold  or  silver 

Articles  in  imitation  cold  or  silver,  n.  o.  s . 
Articles  of  German  silver  or  imitation — 
Articles  solely  for  the  fabricatioo  of  hats. 

Asphalt 

Adzes    

Anvils 


Ashes,  wood 
AwU 


Augers 

Accordeous  and  concertinas. 
Apples 


Bran. 
Beueseod  . . 
Bombazine 
Bitters 


Binoculars  containing  gold  or  silver 

Biuocalars,  n.  a  s 

Brimstone 

Ba'jatillc  tables  with  accessories 

Biliiaitl  tables  with  accessories 

Balu8t«'rs,  iron 

Balconies,  Iron 

Buckets,  according  to  material 

Barometers 

Bar8,  rou^li  iron 

Biinels,  pipes,  or  hogsheads,  set  up  or  in  i>arts. 

B.iizo  or  rateeo,  in  pieces  or  olankets 

Blacking,  shoe 

Bbu'king,  n.  o.  s 

Bridle  bits: 

Of  iron,  steel,  copper,  or  brass 

G  ilded,  plated,  or  of  Gorman  silver 

Balls,  billiard,  bone  or  ivory 1 

Bags: 

Money,  thread  or  cotton 

Mouey,  silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Traveling 

Game  


Paper  

I^'atber,  wine 

Empty,  of  common  hemp,  unbleached  Osnabnrg,  &o 

Bot  I  ks,  common,  of  ordinary  dark  or  clear  glass 

Bottle  holders 

Bonis  or  launches,  set  up  or  in  parts 

Buttons,  silk,  gold,  or  silver 

Buttons,n.  o.  s 


Braraant 

I '  nbleached 

\V  hito  linen,  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton 

Brandy 

SoxcH : 

Empty  wooden 

Ii  on,  money,  or  safes 

Sm:ill,  of  brass,  steel,  iron,  or  other  similar  metal. 

Sole-leather  hat 

I*;i  per  liat 

Pasteboard,  entire  or  in  pieces 

Paint 

Boilers: 

Iron 

Copper 


Class. 

Duty  i>er 

kilogram. 

4 

$0  15 

4 

15 

6 

50 

5 

25 

5 

25 

4 

15 

7 

1  00 

3 

05 

5 

25 

2 

02 

3 

05 

4 

15 

5 

25 

2 

02 

5 

25 

5 

25 

5 

25 

8 

2  00 

6 

50 

6 

50 

4 

15 

2 

02 

8 

05 

8 

05 

2 

02 

4 

15 

4 

15 

5 

25 

2 

02 

2 

02 

4 

15 

7 

1  00 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

e 

50 

3 

05 

4 

15 

4 

15 

3 

05 

3 

05 

6 

50 

2 

02 

3 

05 

6 

•50 

4 

15 

2 

02 

4 

15 

6 

50 

6 

50 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

5 

25 

7 

1  CO 

5 

25 

5 

25 

4 

15 

2 

02 

8 

60 

2 

02 

8 

2  00 

8 

50 

6 

25 

6 

50 

7 

1  00 

4 

15 

8 

05 

4 

15 

5 

25 

4 

15 

4 

15 

5 

25 

3 

05 

4 

15 

392 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEKAL   C0UNTKIE8. 


Importation  tariff  of  the  Republic  of  Venezuela,  fo, — Continued. 


Artiolec 


Boots  and  shoes,  rabber 

Boots  and  shoes,  n.as 

Boot-Jacks 

Bindings,  shoe 

Bells: 

Brass,  bronse,  iron,  or  any  similar  metal. . 

Hand,  fcilded,  plated,  or  of  Oerman  silver. 

Hand,  sold  or  silver 

Bell  metal  m  any  foim,  n.o.s 

Baskets. 


Boaf^es  and  catheters,  all  classes 

Bagging,  gnnny 

Barley,  in  the  husk 

Barley,  hnsked  or  gronnd 

Brushes  for  the  hau>,  teeth,  clothes,  and  shoes. 

Brushes,  artists' 

Brushes,  n.a8 

Brushes,  feather 

Bristles,  shoemakers' 

Beer 


Beer,  condensed 

Bolts,  iron 

Bark,  for  tanning 

Beams,  pine  or  oUi  er  ordinary  wood 

Brooms  and  brushes  of  palm  fiber,  rushes,  or  other  vegetable  material 

Brooms  and  brushes  of  norsehair 

Blankets,  white  cotton,  or  woolen,  or  with  colored  borders 

Blankets,  goat's  hair 

Basts,  iron 

Bone: 

Unmanufkctured 

Manu£u}tured,  n.as 


cans. 


uckles : 

Steel,  copper,  iron,  or  other  similar  metal  for  shoes,  hats,  or  clothing 

Covered  with  leather 

Gilded  or  plated,  orof  Oerman  silver 

Copper,  iron,  &o.,  for  harness 

Birdcages,  wire 

Bricks,  bath 

Bricks,  n.o.  s 

Banting 


Black  lead . . 
Blank-books 
Book-slates  . 
Butter 


Basins,  iron,  tinned  or  glazed 

Basins,  n.o.s.,  according  to  material 

Bridges,  with  chains,  roadways,  &c.,n.o.8 

Boards  or  planks  of  pine  or  other  common  wood,  unplaned  and  unjoined 

Boards  or  planks,  planed  or  joined 

Boards,  common  wooden,  prepared  for  making  boxes 

Bacon 


Braid,  thread,  cotton,  wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Braid,  silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Beads  for  embroidering,  not  gold  or  silver 

Beads,  gold  or  silver 

Beads,  imitation  gold  or  silver 

Beads,  n.o.  s 

Belts  or  girdles : 

Cotton,  linen,  or  wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton. . 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Rubber 

Woven  or  knitted  cotton 

Burins 


Bath-tubs,  according  to  material 

Batiste,  colored  cotron 

Brillantine,  colored  cotton 

Brin,  unbleached 

Brass  or  bronse : 

Unmanufactured 

ManafiEMitured,  n.  a  s 

Books  of  gold,  silver,  or  bronze  leaf,  or  tlieir  imitations,  for  gilding,  silvering,  or 

bronzing 

Books: 

TTnbound,  not  included  in  the  first  class,  pamphlets  and  primary  books  of  in- 
struction  '. 

Bound,  whose  bindings  contain  velvet,  silk,  mother-of-pearl,  ivory,  or  tortoise- 
shell,  or  with  gilt  or  plated  ornaments 

Bound,  n.o.s 


8 
0 
4 

7 

4 
6 
8 

4 
4 
5 
8 

a 

4 

5 
6 
4 
6 
5 
8 
6 
4 
2 
2 
0 
5 
5 
5 
8 

8 
0 
8 

6 
5 

e 

4 
4 
2 
2 
7 
8 
5 
2 
8 
3 


Duty  per 
kilogram. 


$0  50 

4  OO 

15 

1  00 

15 
50 

2  00 
15 
15 
25 
05 
02 
15 
25 
25 
1^ 
50 
25 
05 
25 
IS 
02 
02 
50 
25 
25 
25 
05 

05 
50 

05 

50 
25 
50 
15 
25 
02 
02 
1  00 
05 
25 
02 
05 
05 


3 

4 


8 

8 

4 


05 
02 
05 
03 
05 

1  00 

2  00 
50 

2  00 
SO 
50 

1  00 

2  00 
50 
50 

15 


00 
50 
25 

05 

15 

25 


05 

8  00 

15 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COONTBIES. 


393 


Importation  tariff  of  the  Bepuhlio  of  Venezuela,  ^o. — Continued. 


Articles. 


Bridle  ornaments; 

GoldorsUyer 

Gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 

"S.O.'B ^ 

Blooderbnases 

Bone  black 

Bows,  wooden,  for  musical  instmments 

Britannias: 

White  cotton 

White  linen,  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton 

Capers 

Carroway  seed 

Carpets,  entire,  or  in  cats 

Cnshions  and  pillows,  silk,  pore,  or  mixed 

Cnshions  and  pillows,  n.as 

Currycombs 

Canary  seed 

Chromate  of  lead 

Cruet  stands,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  Gennan  silver 

Cruet  stands,  gold  or  silver 

Cruet  stands,  n.as 

Chandeliers: 

Gold  or  sOver 

Gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 

N.0.8 

Christmas  trees 

Cushions,  billiard 

Clay,  in  any  form,  glased  or  unglased 

Caps: 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Caps  and  bonnets : 

Straw,  without  adornments 

With  adornments 

Cap  boxes,  for  percussion  cajw 

Curb  chains,  silver 

Curb  chains,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 

Curb  chains 

Compasses,  ships'  — 

Compasses,  carpenters' 

Cables,  rigging,  and  cordage 

Capstans 

Chains,  iron,  for  vessels 

Chains, n. as 

Chests,  wooden,'  carpenters' 

Cases,  watch  and  Jewelry 

Calendars,  perpetual 

Cameras,  oscuraand  lucida .* 

Canvas  and  canvas-duck,  flax  or  cotton 

Canvas  for  embroidering 

Candlesticks,  gold  or  silver 

Candlesticks,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  Gennan  silver 

Candlesticks,  n.  a  s 

Cinnamon 

Cannons 

Cloaks,  paletots,  and  overcoats  of  wool  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Cloaks  and  paletots  of  linen  or  cotton 

Cloaks,  waterproof 

Capes 

Capsules  for  stopping  bottles 

Caput-mortnum 

Carbines 

Carbtm,  animal 

Charcoal: 

Powdered 

In  pieces 

Carbonate  of  lead 

Carmine 

Cigar  and  cigarette  cases  containing  gold  or  silver 

Cigar  and  cigarette  cases.  n.as .*. 

Cord  cases  containing  gold  or  silver 

Card  cases,  n.  0.  s 

CarUidgee,  empty  or  loaded 

Carta,  wagona,  and  wheelbarrows 

Chasubles 

Cassimere  and  casineti  wool  or  wool  mixed  witii  oottcni 

Chestnuts « 

Cigarettes 

Cidw 

Circulars,  printed  or  lithographed 


Class. 

• 

Duty  per 
kilogram. 

8 

$2  OO 

8 

50 

4 

15 

7 

1  00 

4 

15 

5 

25 

5 

25 

6 

50 

4 

15 

4 

15 

e 

50 

8 

2  00 

8 

50 

4 

15 

4 

15 

3 

05 

6 

50 

8 

2  OO 

4 

15 

8 

2  00 

e 

60 

4 

15 

4 

15' 

4 

15 

3 

05 

8 

2  00 

7 

1  OO 

6 

50 

8 

2  OO 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

6 

50 

4 

15 

8 

50 

4 

15 

3 

05 

3 

05 

8 

05 

4 

15 

4, 

15 

8' 

2  OO 

6 

25 

5 

25 

4 

15 

5 

25 

8 

2  00 

8 

50 

4 

15 

4 

15 

3 

05 

9 

4  OO 

8 

2  00 

8 

50 

7 

1  00 

4 

15 

2 

02 

7 

1  OO 

3 

05 

8 

05 

2 

02 

3 

05 

5 

25 

8 

2  00 

6 

50 

8 

200 

8 

50 

7 

1  OO 

2 

0^ 

7 

1  00 

7 

1  00 

4 

15 

•  7 

1  OO 

8 

05 

9 

4  OO 

394 


TARIFFS   OF   TUE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Importiman  tariff  of  tke  Republic  of  VenezuelCf  ^c. — Continaed. 


Articles. 


Cambric : 

Cotton 

Linen  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton  .. 

Cloves 

Cblundo  of  lime 

•Counterpanes,  woolen,  linen,  or  cotton. 

■CoplMT : 


Olil 


IJumanufactured 

Manufactured,  n.  a  a 

Cocoanots 

Coachi^,  giga,  omnibuaea,  and  other  vehiolea,  n.  a  a 

Caniagea,  baby  

Cnrtains  or  hangings  of  wool  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton. 

Curtains  or  hangings,  ailk,  pure  or  mixed 

-CnrtainH  or  hangings,  cotton  or  linen 

Colors  and  painta,  n.o.  a 

Colnmns,  itttn 

Collodion 

Cnmmin  aeed 

Coral,  mounted  in  gold  or  silver 

Coral,  n. as 

Cravats: 

Cotton,  linen,  or  wool 

Silk,  pare  or  mixed 

CIa.*p8.  wire 

Cork,  in  any  form 

Corsets,  made  np  or  in  patterns 

Chalk: 

White  or  red.  solid  or  in  powder 

Tableta  for  billiard  cues 

Cretonnes,  colored  cotton 

Crayons  and  carbons 

Crucibles 

Chromo-lithographs 

Chronometers .- 

Cubebs 


ColIarH : 

Paper 

Liuen  and  cotton 

Chocolate 

Chisels 


CoHmoiamaa 

Crackers,  sweet 

Crackora,  unsweetened 

CbesHiueii  -and  checkers  with  boards. 

Children's  toys,  not  of  wood 

Condensed  milk 

Checks,  linen  or  cotton 

Crape. 


Chalice  covers 

Cigarette  paper 

Combs,  containing  gold  or  silver 

Combs,  rubber  or  horn 

Combs,  n.o  s.,  according  to  material 

Cruets,  gold  or  silver 

Cruets,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 
duets,  n. o. s 


Chcniical  products,  n  o.  s 
Cuflfn: 

Taper 

Linen  or  cotton 

Cheese  


Clocks,  table  or  wall,  and  n.  o.  s 

ClotlicH: 

1  iVady  made,  linen  or  cotton 

Ktad'y-made,  silk  or  wool,  pure  or  mixed . 

Condiments,  n.  o.  s 

Chairs  or  piano  stools 

Cards: 

^la.y,i.°« 

Visiting 

Large  printed  or  lithographed 

Corkscrews 

Candles : 

Tallow 

i^erm,  parafflne,  stearic,  or  composite... 

Cnnpiug  ghMses  and  instruments 

Calicoes  ....  * 

Covers,  waterproof,  for  hats  and  caps 

Canes,  whips,  and  life-preservers,  n.  o.  a 


Claaa 

1  Duty  per 

kilogram. 

7 

$1  00 

8 

2  00 

4 

15 

3 

05 

6 

50 

3 

.  05 

3 

05 

4 

15 

2 

03 

2 

02 

4 

15 

8 

2  00 

8 

2  00 

7 

1  00 

5 

25 

8 

05 

4 

15 

4 

15 

8 

2  00 

0 

50 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

0 

50 

6 

25 

7 

100 

8 

06 

4 

15 

0 

50 

5 

25 

8 

05 

5 

25 

0 

50 

5 

25 

5 

25 

8 

2  00 

4 

15 

4 

15 

S 

25 

4 

15 

3 

05 

6 

25 

5 

2.'» 

4 

15 

5 

25 

5 

25 

7 

1  00 

2 

02 

8 

2  00 

6 

50 

8  , 

2  00 

6 

50 

4 

16 

6 

25 

5 

25 

8 

2  00 

4 

15 

6 

50 

8 

2  00 

9 

4  00 

4 

15 

* 

15 

7 

1  00 

9 

4  00 

9 

4  00 

4 

15 

4 

15 

5  i 

25 

5 

25 

6 

50 

6 

25 

6 

50 

TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


395 


Importatum  tariff  of  the  Bepublic  of  Venezuela^  ^'o, — Continaed. 


Articles. 


o*"-  ar 


Casada  plates,  iron 

CambroD,  wool  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Campeachy  wool 

CarluDcan : 

Colored  cotton 

if-ilk.  pure  or  mixed 

Cbln-«tmpH  for  belmetH  of  steel,  iron,  copper,  or  brass 

Cberri«'»,  d  ried , 

Cord : 

Lineo,  cotton,  or  wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Crinoline  

Carpenters'  planer 

Cloth  or  wovon  stuff  for  slippers,  n.  o.  s 

Cloth  wire,  iron , 

Cloth  wire,  n.o.  s.,  according  to  material 

Cnip|Hi9 '. , 

Ccl7  I  8«'ed 

Clotbiu!^  and  adornments  for  women  and  children,  of  cambric,  clarin,  lawn,  tarle- 

taii.  j-ilk,  or  wool 

Crochet  work 

Cofi'co  cleaners  or  separators 

Drums 

Diciv  according  to  material 

Dalmaticas 

Damask : 

Cotton,  white  or  colored 

Linen,  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton 

'Woolen,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Dcm\johns,  empty , 

Drawings , 

Dynumite 

Domr sties,  linen  or  cotton 

Drill: 

White  or  colored  cotton,  or  unbleached  linen  or  cotton 

White  or  colored  linen,  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton 

Drugs  and  medicines,  n. as 

Dioramas 

Doormats 

Dominos 

Dye  woods 

Doors  or  gates,  iron 

Di^h  covers 

Door  bars,  according  to  material 

Drills,  perforating 

Drawers  and  pantaloons,  knit  cotton 

Dresses : 

Women's  (in  patterns),  of  muslin,  lawn,  organdy,  Stc 

Women's  dresses  (made  up),  of  muslin,  lawn,  organdy,  tarletan,  &,o 

Women's  dresses  (made  up),  of  wool  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Women's  made  up,  or  in  patterns  of  silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Dat«'«,  diied 

Door-kuor kers,  according  to  material 

Dressing-cases,  containing  gold  or  silver 

Dri'ssing-cases,  n.  o.  s 

£$ist'nce9  and  extracts,  all  kinds 

Emory 


Embroidering  thread: 

< ;  old  or  silver 

Imitation  of  gold  or  silver 

£ye-glass«*s  contidning  gold  or  silver. 

Eye;;!  asses,  n.  o.  s .' 

E>  ou  ts,  gold  or  silver 

Ey«-lot  8,  n-o.  s , 

£\  OS.  artificial , 

Envelopes 

Elnstic  for  shoe  ' 

Epanlcts: 

1  bread  or  cot  ton 

W«K)1,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Gold  or  silver,  or  their  imitations 

Embroideries 

FanH,  all  classes 

Food.n.  prepared,  n.  o.  s 

Filters 

Frames,  umbrella  and  parasol , 

Framos  for  mirrors  or  engravings,  with  or  without  glass. 

Filbert.H,  unsbolled 

Fuses  and  match-rope  for  mines  or  quarries 

Flower-pots  or  nma,  iron 


8 
7 
2 

6 
8 
4 
4 


8 
6 
8 
0 
8 
6 
6 
9 
6 


$0  05 

1  00 

02 


50 
00 
15 
15 


1 
2 


00 
00 
50 
15 
50 
05 


1  00 
06 

4  00 

1  00 

05 

26 


1  00 


50 
50 
00 
00 
02 
25 
50 
25 

25 
50 
25 
25 
15 
25 
02 
05 
15 


15 
50 

1  00 
4  00 
4  00 
4  00 
15 


2  00 
50 
25 
05 

2  00 
50 

2  00 
50 

2  00 
50 
50 

4  00 
50 


7 

1  00 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

7 

1  00 

6 

50 

4 

15 

8 

05 

4 

15 

5 

25 

4 

16 

a 

05 

8 

05 

396 


TABIPFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


ImpirrtaiUm  tariff  of  ike  Bepuhlic  of  VeneMuela,  ^c. — Contmned. 


Artidles. 


Flower  pots  or  nms,  n.  o.  8 . 
Flowers,  artifldAl  poroelAin 

Flowers,  artifieisl,  n.  o.  8 

Fmits,  srtiflcisl,  n.  a  s 

FoUs 


Fencing  jackets. 

Forjces 

Flsnnel 


Fmits,  Are8b.n.o.8 

Fmits,  dried  or  in  liqnor  or  simp. 

Fireworks 

Fountains 

Floor,  potato 

Flour,  wheat 

Floor,  maize  and  xye 

Floor,  barley  and  bean 

Floor,  grits  for  making  TenniceUi 

Floor,  n.  0.8 

Firewood 

Filings,  iron. ..  < 

Filings,  n.  o.  s 

Files 


French  checks  for  women's  dresses 

Fostio 

Fomitore: 

Common  wood,  cane,  or  straw 

Upholstered,  or  of  fine  woods  soch  as  rosewood,  mahogany,  walnot,  &o 

Iron. 


CoTers,  hemp,  linen,  or  cotton , 

Linings,  horsehair 

Fancy  trimmings,  linen,  cotton,  wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 
Fancy  trimmings: 

Silk,  poreormixed,  orof  goldorsUver 

Imitation  gold  or  silver ; 

For  or  hair  for  hat-making 

Fish,  salt  or  smoked 

Feather  ornaments 

Frying  pans,  iron 

Frying  pans,  n.  o.  s.,  according  to  material 

Fire-crackers 

Fringes: 

Cotton,  linen,  or  wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Silk,  pore  or  mixed,  or  of  gold  or  sUver 

Imitation  gold  or  sUrer 

Flax 


Felt: 

For  saddle  cloths , 

UnfoUed,  for  hats 

Foiled,  or  hats  half  finished 

Figure,  wax,  not  children's  toys 

Figures  and  ornaments  made  of  sweetmeats 

Filtering  stones 

Flints  and  steel 

Foldingchairs 

Fustian 

Garlic. 


Girths,  all  classes. 
Gloe: 

Common 

Fish 

G«oze 

Gasoline 

Gelatine 

Gin 


Girandoles,  gold  or  silver 

Girandoles,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  (Jraman  silver. 

Girandoles,  n.as 

Glycerine - 

Gom  arable 

GomB,n.o.  s 

Gom  elastic,  mano&ctored  into  children's  toys 

Gom  elastic,  manofactored,  n-as 

Granite 

Grease,  common,  for  soap-making , 

Gloves : 

Thread  or  cotton , 

Wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Silk,  pore  or  mixed 

Skin,  n.o.  8.« 

Fencing 

Horsehair ^ 


Class. 


Doty  per 

kilQgrsin- 


4 
4 
8 
8 
5 
5 
3 
7 
2 
4 
7 
3 
4 
8 
4 
2 
2 
2 


t\ 


5 

4 
4 

e 

2 

4 
5 
8 

4 
4 
7 

8 
6 
4 
S 
8 
8 


7 
8 
8 
8 

6 

4 
» 
6 
2 
8 
& 
4 
7 
4 
7 

4 
6 
8 

4 
4 
7 
8 

4 
6 
6 
6 
5 

e 

4 
4 

7 
7 
8 
8 
6 
6 


10  li^ 
16 
200 
200 
25 
25 
05 
100 
02 
15 
lOO 
05 
15 
05 
15 
02 
02 
03 
02 
25 
15 
15 
50 
02 

15 

25 

05 

•       15 

15 

1  00 

200 

50 

15 

05 

200 

05 


15 

100 

200 

50 

05 

50 
15 
4  00 
50 
02 
05 
25 
15 

1  00 
15 

1  00 

15 
25 
200 
15 
15 
I  00 
200 
50  • 
15 
25 
25 
25 
25 
50 
15 
15 


lOO 
1  00 
2G0 
200 
25 
25 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


397 


Importation  tariff  of  the  Bepuhlio  of  Veneguela,  ^o. — Continned. 


ArtiolM. 


08 

droha 

1  silver  leaf 

1  silver  leaf,  imitation 
inofactared,  u.o,b 


IS,  iron, 
air 

Ei^;::: 

der 


« 


s.  iroDt  window 

a  Jaloosies  for  doors  or  windows. 


,  nnailvered 

,n.o.8 

fresh 

glass  for  lamps 

in  or  cotton 

»1,  or  wool  mixed  with  ootton 

I  or  silver 

ation  gold  or  silver 

,  pore  or  mixed 

•otton  staff  for  linings 

mes 


shes  and  tonics 

for  hearses,  carts,  and  wagons 

for  coaches  and  vehicles,  n.as 

rood  or  iron,  for  pipes,  hogsheads,  barrels,  or  sieves. 


laniifaotnred 

aftctared,  n.  o.  s 

iron,  oopper,  steel,  or  other  metal,  n.as 

ad  eyes,  wire 

tiair  and  its  imitations 

Us  for  bridles 

*  oaknm,  erode  or  twisted  for  cidUng  porposes 
•Danish,  cmde 


including  glasses,  plomes,  jMUiaohes,  and  aU  other  attachments  when  im- 
Jointly  wiUi  the  hearse,  even  though,  if  coming  separately,  higher  dnties, 

be  charged  on  them 

igs,  silk,  or  other  material 

saps,  plain  straw  or  its  imitati<ms,  without  adornments 

»ps,  or  bonnets,  n.  o.  8 

Sh-crowned  dress,  of  silk  or  other  material 

era 

oths 


I 

iks 

Bters 

^  gold  or  silver 
>,  n.  o.  8 


tins 


,  military. 
a 


ieinal 

d,  not  medicinal 
rchiaCB: 


on 


n,  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton,  or  of  silk,  pore  or  mixed 
nmannfkotored 


L  pistol 

ices,  in  pieces . 


ther  metallic  articles  gildM  or  plated,  not  including  writing  materials 

oy  form  nnmannflsctared,  or  in  old  nselees  pieces 

nnctored,  n.  a  8 

nfactared  into  articles  for  domestic  use 

hate  of 

gold  or  silver 

a.as 


5 
6 
8 
6 
8 
7 
8 
6 
7 
7 
0 
7 
8 
4 

8 

4 
2 

4 

7 
7 
8 
6 
8 
6 
8 
5 
5 
8 
2 
2 

8 
6 

4 
6 
8 
7 
2 
8 
4 


8 
4 
6 
9 
9 
9 
7 
8 

6 
8 
6 
8 

4 
4 
9 

4 

5 
2 

8 
8 
0 
8 
3 

6 
2 

4 
8 
8 
8 
6 
4 


Duty  per 
kilogram. 


$0  25 

00 

2  00 

SO 

2  00 

1  00 

05 

50 

1  00 

1  00 

50 

100 

05 

15 


05 
15 
02 
15 

00 
00 
00 
50 
00 
50 
05 
25 
25 
05 
02 
02 


1 
1 
2 


05 
60 
15 
60 
2  00 
100 
02 
05 
15 


4 

4 
4 
1 


05 
15 
50 
00 
00 
00 
00 
05 
60 
50 
00 
50 
05 
15 
15 
00 
15 

25 
02 

60 

00 

05. 

50 

05 

05 

50 
02 
15 
05 
05 
00 
25 
15 


i 


TAElFFrf  OF    THE   SEVERAL    COUNTBlBo: 
Imporlation  tarijf  of  the  Bfpvbiic  of  Fmesucla,  ^f-c— Continued, 

ArtioleB.  CUm.   i 


Drulol,  amtoniiol.  denUI,  muthoniaticiil,  uid  for  other 

'or  the  arts  ind  InMlM,  witb  or  without  h»iiille» 

luglol  nod  their  pui«.D.o.a 

'In  any  form  except  cblldren't  toy 


Den  or  lioeii  mixed  wlthmtloil  (wbll«l 

neii  or  mmiliii,  aDbleoched 

.'•hoea,  •ilk.  pDiv  or  Billed 

.'  ahora,  linen,  cotton.  i.r  wool  mixed  with  ootloo  . . 


Elti'hen  rangea 

KnivM,  pocket 

EnlTra  end  forka,  irltb  Eold  nr  aUver  hi 
EuivtaiDd  forkaRtiaed/plaled,  OTofG 


wlDlrd.  wUb  or  wllbont  ibMitbi^  knifca  *nh  bandies  or  *ood  or 
nmon  materlol  rorBsfaennen.  ahoenwkera.  eaddlera,  eaidnen,  tobio- 
ud  those  generally  employed  in  tbe  — ' -'  ■— ' ■■ 


and  tradea  and  common 


'  tVatcb  orclook,  eold  arallTar 

IVatch  or  cbek,  n.  o.  8 

eti  lei,  a.  o.  a..  McotdinE  Ui  nwtetlal  ■ . 


L>aTeii.&c..  prepared  fur  tDaUng  artlfloUl  flower* 

Lime,  qnlck  or  tUoked 

Lime,  salphale  of,  mannbctnred.  eicspt  ehildren'a  toya.. . 


Lkm: 

Gol-  „ 
Gold  01 


LantirnsrhoTtng any  p^^j^lded.  pUted, 

Loa£lone  .*'.'     .'.'.".'.'.. 
Lampa,goldorellTor.... 

Lampg.  irllded.  pUted.  oi 

LoEeugea,  gum--- .-- 

In  plfES,  bara.  Sto-,  ni 


ilxed  witb  ooUoD,  and  almllar  fine  atnflh  -- 


Label 

LiOMb  I 


II  ih!  or  Utbofcntpbed 

I  Ibum  U  220  CtrtleT'l  aeile.  axcept  eane  m 


TAEIFF8  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


39» 


Importation  tariff  of  the  K^public  of  Venezuela^  ^'C, — Continaed. 


Articles. 


sole,  anmannfactored 


It 

for  billiard  caea 

ifactured,  n.  o.  a 

>T  efferveeciDg  water 

Iron 

n.  o.  B.,  aocording  to  material . 
pea  containing  gold  or  silver 
pes,  n.  o.  s 


*d  or  dried 

d  or  smoked,  n.  o.  s . 


•xes  containing  gold  or  sflrer 

•xes,  n.  o.  s 

ea  


ind  silvered  glasses 

it«^ms 

aw,  for  floors  or  tables 
m 


ms,  dried  or  in  saaoe . 
km,  white  cotton 


se 


ixes 
inted 


ry,  n.  o.  s.,  weighing  more  than  1,000  kilogrammes. 

y,  n.  o.  a.,  weighing  1,000  kilogrammes  or  less 

-y  for  makinjf  etiervescing  waters 

rorked  or  polished,  n.  o.  s  


I  for  artificial  fiowers 
8,  n.  o.  8 


nets  of  wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 
nets  of  linen  or  cotton 


n,  white  or  colored , 

I  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton,  colored  or  anbleached 

f  p<*arl,  n.  o.  s 

I  

ers,  wire        

-rounds,  with  accessories 

compositions,  n.  o.  s   

of  silk,  thread,  or  ootton  lace 

,  leather,  ribbon,  or  paper,  with  or  withoot  cases 

,  n.  o.  s.,  according  to  material 

.s , 


li,  tnclnding  vermicelli,  &o. 

;old  or  silver 

1.  o.  s 


5r  ... 
lulin. 


anu  factored,  n.  o.  s 


nitted 

)s: 

ed  cotton 

I,  lawn,  lace,  maslin,  or  silk 

nd 

keed 

inating.... 

lO •••••• 


for  machinery. 

ver  

cue 


Class. 

Duty  per 

kilogram. 

4 

$0  15- 

6 

50 

4 

15 

7 

1  00 

8 

05 

8 

05 

8 

2  00 

6 

05 

8 

05 

2 

02 

8 

05 

7 

1  OO 

8 

2  00 

0 

50 

0 

50 

4 

IS- 

5 

25 

4 

15 

4 

15 

7 

I  OO 

4 

15 

5 

25 

2 

02 

4 

15 

8 

05 

7 

1  OO 

5 

25 

2 

02 

2 

02 

3 

05 

4 

15 

4 

15 

5 

25 

5 

25 

8 

2  OO 

6 

25 

7 

1  OO 

4 

15 

8 

2  00 

7 

1  00 

4 

15 

7 

1  00 

7 

1  00 

6 

50 

4 

15 

4 

15 

4 

15 

4 

15 

8 

2  00 

6 

25 

3 

05 

5 

25 

4 

15 

8 

2  00 

0 

50 

3 

05 

4 

15 

8 

05 

0 

50 

4 

15 

6 

25 

7 

1  00 

e 

50 

8 

2  OO 

4 

15 

6 

25 

3 

05 

8 

05 

3 

05 

8 

05 

8 

05 

5 

25 

8 

Q& 

400 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


ImportaHon  tariff  of  the  Bepublio  of  Veneeuelay  fo, — Continued. 


Articles. 


OU: 

Linseed... 

Palm 

Fish 

Perftuned. 

Drying — 

Castor 

N.as 

OUlees. 


Oilcloth  or  oilskin  for  floors  or  for  packing  poiposes. 

Oilcloth  or  oilskin,  n.  o.  s 

Olives 


Oran  ge-flower  water 

Ornaments:  Iron  for  gardens  and  exterior  of  houses. 

Gold  or  silver 

For  the  nse  of  priests  and  shurohes 

Women's  head,  silk  nets,  Sec 

Oats 


Onions 

Osnabarg,  white  or  colored 

UnbMached 

Osiers,  nnmanofaotnred .... 
Ore,  iron,  copper,  or  tin — 

Octants 

Ooher 


Organs 

Organdy 

Pins,  goldor  silrer 

Pins,  n.  as 

Pincers  

Pomps,  n.  as 

Pipes,  tobacco,  and  mouthpieces  of  clay  or  other  ordinary  material. 

with  mouthpieces  of  gold  or  silver 

With  mouthpieces  gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 

With  mouthpieces  of  amber,  porcelain,  or  similar  material 

Or  conduits  of  iron  or  lead 

Pitch 


Portfolios 

Padlocks 

Portemonnaies  containing  gold  or  silver 

Portemonnaies,  n.o.s 

Pasteboard : 

Bough  or  for  roofing 

Impermeable  copy  pressei^ 

Fine,  for  office  use,  cards,  Sec 

ManufiMtured,  n.  a  s 

Pickles: 

In  vinegar  or  brine , 

In  mustard 

Panoramas 

Phosphorus 

Photographs 

Pillow  cases : 

Linen  or  cotton 

Lawn  or  cambric 

Pencils,  slate 

Pencils,  n.  o.  s , 

Pencil  cases,  gold  or  silver 

Pencil  cases,  n.as 

Pens,  goldorsilrer ;. 

Pens,  n. as :.... 


Penholders,  gold  or  silver 

Penholders,  n.as 

Pottery.  n.as , 

Porcelain,  chinaware,  and  imitations 

Peanuts -• 

Pots,  iron 

Pots,  n.o.s.,  according  to  material 

Potatoes 

Palm  fiber 

Paper: 

Painted  wall 

Gilt  or  silver,  stam];>edin  reliefer  fiowered 

Writing,  broWnorany  other,  n. as 

ManufiMtured,  n.as 

Paste: 

Polishing 

For  tips  of  billiard  cues 

Imitation  of  i>orcelain,  granite,  &c.,  except  in  children's  toys. 

Book 

Razor.. 


4 
4 
4 
5 
4 
5 
5 
3 
4 
5 
4 
3 
8 
8 
7 
8 
2 
8 
5 
8 
3 
8 
6 
2 
4 
7 
8 
6 
4 

a 

8 
8 
6 
6 
2 
2 
6 
4 
8 
6 

2 

8 
8 

4 

3 
4 

5 
5 
6 

7 
8 
2 
5 
8 
5 
8 
6 
8 
5 
3 
4 
4 
3 


3 
8 

4 
6 
8 
6 

4 

4 
4 
8 
6 


Dutyp©'' 
kiloxrio^ 


Hs* 


2& 
(« 
15 
25 
15 
05 
05 
200 
100 
200 
02 
05 
25 
05 
05 
05 
50 
02 
15 
1 
2 


00 

00 

50 

15 

02 
05 
2  00 
SO 
50 
02 
02 
25 
15 

200 
50 

02 
06 
05 
15 

05 
15 
25 
25 
25 

1  00 
200 

02 

25 
200 

25 
200 

25 
200 
25 
05 
15 
15 
05 


05 
OS 


15 
60 

05 

25 


IS 
15 
15 

25 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


401 


Imporiaiian  tariff  of  the  Bepublio  of  Venezuela,  fo, — Continued. 


Articles. 


maonfitotnred,  n.  o.  8. 
resh 


Bry 

eni,  and  its  imitations,  n.  a  s 


imitation,  not  mounted  in  gold  or  silver . 

im.cmde .*. 

withont  accessories 


common  oil 

;s  and  portraits,  npon  canvas,  wood,  paper,  stone,  or  metal 

reichts 

rhite  or  colored 


,  for  hearses,  when  imported  separate 
straw  for  hats 


ine 
let. 

Iks. 


imon  and  calcined. 

rate  of .-. 

on,  for  fencing 


stamping  paper 


brcnring  skins 

advertiung 

»,  cambric,  muslin,  lawn,  or  silk,  pare  or  mixed, 
kts: 

!»n,  made  up  or  in  patterns 

m,or  linen  mixed  with  cotton 

ibric,  lawn,  darin,  or  other  fine  stuff 


imon 

,  pure  or  mixed ■ 

hat% 

read,  twine,  or  any  thick  thread  of  hemp,  flax,  or  cotton,  not  for  sewing, 

ng,  or  embroidering 

«,  crude 


>lock8i  according  to  material. 

amethyst 

Ivor .  , 

ji^ruins 

ound 


trops 

trepsaced  for  musical  instruments, 
nanufaotured 


sing 


lufactured  into  pipes,  or  conduits,  or  bands  for  machinery 

lafactured,  n.  a  s 

strain  

e  tables  and  accessories   

tors,  springs,  hands,  and  other  interior  machinery  for  watches  and  docks. 


nentary,  unprepared  or  in  vinegar  or  brine 

nentary,  preserved 

►ine 


iTB. 


,  iron  or  galvanized  iron . 


i: 


on  or  cotton    

si,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton . 

,  pure  or  mixed ; . . . 

tation  velvet , 


.otton  muslin 

luen , 

iron  or  copper 

1784  CONG — A  P- 


■26 


Class. 

Duty  per 

kilogram. 

4 

10  15 

2 

02 

e 

50 

5 

25 

5 

25 

8 

2  00 

e 

50 

2 

02 

2 

02 

4 

15 

8 

05 

5 

25 

6 

25 

0 

50 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

4 

15 

6 

25 

4 

15 

5 

25 

6 

25 

7 

1  00 

e 

50 

3 

05 

3 

05 

8 

05 

3 

05 

8 

05 

7 

1  00 

5 

25 

9 

4  00 

8 

2  00 

8 

50 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

4 

15 

4 

15 

4 

15 

6 

25 

5 

25 

2 

02 

3 

05 

5 

25 

6 

25 

2 

02 

6 

25 

6 

50 

5 

25 

4 

15 

6 

50 

2 

02 

5 

25 

0 

50 

4 

15 

3 

05 

4 

15 

2 

02 

5 

25 

7 

1  00 

7 

1  00 

8 

05 

7 

1  00 

7 

1  00 

8 

2  00 

7 

1  00 

7 

1  00 

5 

25 

0 

50 

^ 

V       «» 

i 


402 


TABIFFS   OF  THE   SEVEBAIi   COUNTBIEB. 
ImportaUan  tariff  of  the  Bepublic  of  Venezuela,  ^o. — Continued. 


Articles. 


Raffles,  lace,  or  oT  any  form  of  linen  or  cotton. 

BinfTB,  children's  teething 

Steel: 

nnmanofactnred 

Hannfactured,  n.  o.s 

For  crinolines,  bustles,  &c 

Scented  toilet  water 

Spectacles,  containing  gold  or  silver 

Spectacles,  n.as 

Saffron. 


Scales  or  steelyards  of  copper  or  principally  of  copper,  including  weights  (even 

though  they  be  of  iron),  when  imported  together 

Scales,  steelyards,  and  weights,  n.as 

Stewpans  or  saucepans,  iron , 

Stewpans  or  saucepans, n. as 

Stockings  or  socks,  cotton , 

Stockings  or  socks,  wool  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Stockings  or  socks,  silk,  pure  or  mixed .' 

Stockings  or  socks,  thread,  or  thread  mixed  with  cotton  or  wool 

Shirts: 

Cotton 

Linen,  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton 

Wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton,  or  having  silk  adornments 

Shoestrings 

Stays,  all  classes 

Spoons  and  ladles,  gold  or  silver 

Spoons  and  ladles,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 

Spoons  and  ladles,  n.  o.  s  — 

Stereoscopes  containing  gold  and  silver 

Stereoscopes,  n.  o.  s .     , 

Strings  for  musical  instruments,  gut  or  wire 

Sausages 


Staves 

Sweetmeats 

Spittoons,  according  to  material 

Swords  or  sabers 

Sword  blades 

Sword  canes,  and  canes  and  whips  with  concealed  apparatus  for  firing 
Spatulas 


Spermaceti,  unmanufactured 

Spurs,  gold  or  silver 

Spurs,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 

Spurs,  n.  o.s 

Statues,  iron 

Stearine,  unmanufactured 

Stirrups,  gold  or  silver 

Stirrups,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 

Stirrups,  n.  o.  s 

Saddles  and  saddle  cloths 

Saddletrees 

Stoves: 

Iron 

Copper  

Soap: 

Castas 

Common 

Perfumed 

Soapstone 

Sirups  not  medicinal 

Se^mg  wax  for  office  use 

Sealing  wax  for  bottles 

Sheeting,  white  cotton,  or  unbleached,  or  colored  linen  or  cotton. 

Sand  paper 

Suckling  bottles 

Spangles,  gold  or  silver 

Spangles,  n.  o.  8 

Snot  tod  bullets 

Shot  pouches  — *. .,. 

Straw,  unmanufactured 

Screens,  metal,  paper,  or  cloth 

Shirt  fronts,  paper 

Shirt  fronts,  unen  or  cotton 

Stones: 

Bough  

Mill,  n.  as....  

Refiraotory  for  foundry  furnaces 

Flint 

Oil,  for  sharpening  tools 

Precious 

Precious,  imitation,  not  mounted  In  gold  or  silver 

Stone,  pumice 


8 
5 

3 

4 
6 
5 
8 

5 

4 
3 
3 
4 
6 
7 
8 
7 

7 
8 
8 
5 
7 
8 
6 
4 
8 
5 
5 
4 
8 
4 


Duty  per 
kilogram 


$2  00 
25 

05 
15 
50 
25 
2  00 
60 
25 

15 
05 
05 
15 
50 

1  00 

2  00 
1  00 


7 

7 
7 
5 
4 
8 
6 
4 
8 
8 
8 
6 
4 
7 
4 

3 

4 

5 
5 
5 
4 
4 
5 
4 
5 
8 
5 
8 
6 
3 
7 
8 
5 
5 
8 

2 
3 
8 
4 

6 
8 
6 
3 


1 
2 
2 


00 
00 
00 
25 

1  00 

2  00 
50 
15 

2  00 
25 
25 
15 
05 
15 


1 
1 
1 


00 
00 
00 
25 
15 

2  00 
50 
15 
05 
05 

200 
50 
15 

100 
15 

05 
15 

35 
25 

25 
15 
15 
25 
15 
25 
05 
25 

200 
50 
05 

1  00 
05 
25 
25 

200 

02 

05 
05 
15 
25 
3  00 
05 
05 


^TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


403 


ImpartaUan  tariff  of  the  SepuhUo  of  VeneeuelOy  ^c. — ContinnecU 


Articles. 


Bnlphateof  copper 

Skins,  tanned  and  manoflEictared,  except  sole  leather. 

Skins,  Tintanned  and  iinTnannfactared 

Slates: 

BooflnfC 

School 

SUver: 

Manofactared,  n.as 

German 

Sand,  blotting 

Salts,  Epsom  and  Glauber 

Silk,  pare  or  mixed,  n.as 

Seals  and  stamps,  letter 

Sextants 


Saws 

Sardines 

Ssgo 

Sjnhons  for  efTerrescinfl:  waters 

Sooa  or  barilla,  common,  calcined,  or  crystallised 
Stoles 


Solder 

Shoehorns,  according  to  material 

Sieves: 

Iron  wire 

Copper  wire,  silk,  skin,  or  horse  hair 

Scissors,  gold  or  silver 

Scissors,  n.  o.  s 

Scabbards,  sword,  saber.  See 

Sails: 

Boat 


Ship 

Sumach 

Sheepskins,  tanned 

Sashes,  mouldings,  battens,  &c.,  of  wood 
Sauces 


Shingles 

Shawls,  mantels,  and  scarfs : 

Of  muslin  or  other  cotton  stuff 

Of  linen  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton 

Of  wool  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Of  wool  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton,  with  silk  border  or  adornments 

Of  silk  pure  or  mixed 

Sospcnders  for  pantaloons 

Salampores: 

Blue 


White 

Serge,  woolen,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Serge,  silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Sienna  earth 

Shaving  cases .' 

Suspensories 

Shotguns 

Turpentine 

Tar,  mineral  and  ve^table 

Telescopes,  containing  gold  or  silver 

Telescopes,  n.  o.  8 

Trajs,gold  or  silver 

Trays,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  silver 

Trays,  n.o.s 

Tree  moss 

Tiles,  for  paving  or  roofing,  not  to  exceed  sixty  centimeters 

Tiles,  n.o.s 

T'nmks,  emptv 

TYnmpets,  gold  or  silver 

Trompets,  gilded,  plated,  or  of  German  sQver 

Trumpets,  n.  o.  s 

Tassels: 

Thread  or  cotton 

Wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Gold  or  silver 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Trusses 


Tacks,  Iron 

Tacks,  copper 

Tacks,  n.  a  s.,  according  to  material 

Tortoise-shell,  unmanuiactured 

Tortoise^hell  and  its  imitations,  mannflsctared,  not  mounted  in  gold  or  silver. 
Tablecloths: 

Linen  or  cotton 

Wool,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Crocheted k 


Duty  per 
kilogram. 


10  05 
50 
15 

02 
02 

200 

25 
02 

2  00 
25 
50 
15 
05 
05 
15 
05 

1  00 
15 


.8 
5 
8 
6 

7 

2 

4 
8 
6 
6 

4 
2 

7 

8 
7 
8 
8 
7 

a 

5 
7 
8 
2 
6 
5 
7 
8 
2 
8 
6 
8 
6 
4 
8 
2 
2 
5 
8 
6 
4 

7 
7 
8 
8 
5 
8 
4 


5 
6 

6 

7 
1 


1 
2 
1 
2 
2 
1 


05 
25 
00 
25 
00 

02 
15 
05 
50 
25 
15 
02 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

05 
05 
00 
00 
02 
60 
25 
00 
05 

oe 

00 
50 
00 
50 
15 
05 
02 
02 
25 
00 
60 
16 


1  00 

1  00 

2  00 
2  00 

25 
05 
15 


25 
60 

60 
100 


404 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


Importation  tariff  of  the  Beptiblic  of  Venezuela^  ^o. — Continued. 


Articles. 


Table-cloths : 

Woolen,  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton,  with  sUk  embroidery  or  omameDts. 

Silk,  pore  or  mixed 

Tickins: 

Unoleaohed  linen  or  cotton 

Cotton,  white  or  colored 

Linen  or  linen  mixed  with  cotton 

Trowels 


Thimbles,  gold  or  silver 

Thimbles,  n.o.s 

Threads: 

Shoemakers* 

Flax,  cotton,  or  hemp,  for  nets  and  flshins  lines 

Flax  or  cotton,  for  sewing,  embroidering.  Knitting,  or  weaying 

Grold  or  silver 

Gold  or  silver,  imitation 

Tnbe-cleanets,  for  lamps 

Tinsel 


Towels  and  napkins 

Tobacco: 

CiKarette 

Prepared,  for  making  cigars, 
if 


Leal 


Mana  factored,  n.o.  s 

Toothpicks,  qaill 

Tallow : 

Crude  or  pressed 

Prepared  for  stearine  or  stearic  candles 

Taffety 

Tanioca 

Tdvietau 

Tc 


ca 


Tli\.  rmumeters 

Tombs,  according  to  material 

Table  services,  gold  or  silver 

Toachstone 

Tin: 

Pnre  or  alloyed,  tmmann&ctared 
Mannfactnred, n.  as 

Tnlle 


Talc: 

Unmanofactnred 

Mannfactored,  n.  o.  s 

Tannin 

ToDgaes,  smoked,  salted,  or  in  brine 

Undershirts : 

Woven  cotton 

Wool  or  wool  mixed  with  cotton 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Urns,  iron 

Urns,  n.  o.  s.,  according  to  material 

Umbrellas  and  parasols: 

Wool,  linen,  or  cotton 

Silk,  pure  or  mixed 

Velocipedes 

Vanilla 

Varnishes  of  all  classes 

Veneers,  wooden    

Veneers,  metal,  gilded  or  plated 

Veneers,  gold  or  silver 

Veneers,  n.  as 

Vegetables : 

In  vinegar  or  brine 

Preserved 

Vinegar , 

Vizors,  cap  and  helmet 

Velvet: 

Silk,  pnre  or  mixed 

Cotton,  imitation   

Wire: 

Iron,  galvanised,  nnmannfkctnred 

Iron,  not  galvanized 

Iron,  manufactured,  n.  o.  s 

Zinc,  copper,  and  brass 

Gilded  or  plated,  or  of  burnished  copper  or  brass. 

Writing  materials,  containing  gold  or  silver 

Writing  materials,  n.as 

Whalebone  and  its  imitations 

Wax: 

Black,  yellow,  and  vegetable 

White,  pnre  or  mizeo. 


8 
8 

6 
0 
0 

4 
8 
0 

4 
3 
5 
8 
0 
4 
0 


4 
4 
7 
8 
6 

4 

3 
8 
3 
7 
6 
6 


Duty. 
kilogTHD. 


6 

7 
4 
6 
4 
3 

e 

8 
4 

3 
4 
3 
4 

8 

7 

2 
3 

4 
4 
0 
8 
6 
6 

4 

6 


$2  00 
200 

2ft 
50 
50 

15 

2  00 

50 

15 
06 
25 
2  00 
50 
15 
50 
50 

15 

15 

100 

2  00 

50 

15 

05 
2  00 

05 
]  00 

25 

50 


2011 


^5 

1-     ^ 


SO 

06 

50 

•2  00 
05 


1 


50 
00 
15 
25 
15 

05 

50 

00 

15 


OS 
16 
06 
J5 


15 
60 

200 
25 
50 

15 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  C0UNTBIE8. 


405 


Importation  tariff  of  the  Bepublio  of  Venezuela,  j-o. — Continaed. 


Articles. 


Wax: 

MAoiifkctoTed,  except  ohfldran's  toys 

Shoemakers'.. 

Wises: 

Bed  Bordeaax,  in  any  receptacle 

Allclaase8,inpipes.Kegs,or  barrels,  except  Spanish  wines 

All  classes,  in  aemUohns  and  bottles,  except  Spanish  and  Bordeaux 

Spanish,  all  classes,  in  any  receptacle 

Wine,  spirits  of 

Wool... 

Wood: 

BrasU 

Common,  sncb  as  boards,  beams,  and  scsntling  of  pine,  implaned  or  m^joined 

Sawed,  planed,  or  Joined , 

Fine,  for  makinfc  musical  instmments,  and  for  cabinet-makers*  work  ........ 

ICanofactared,  n.  o.  s 

Windmills 

Walnuts,  nnshelled ., 

Wafers , 

Watches,  all  dasses 

Wheels,  coach,  carriage,  cartk  &c 

Wheat,  in  grain - 

Wadding,  cotton 

Work-bags 

Yeast  TTr. 

Zephyr .' 

Zinc,  nnmannfaotnred 

Zinc-white 

Zinc,  manofactared,  n.  o.  s 


6 
3 

3 
3 

4 
6 
7 
4 

2 
2 
8 
3 

4 
2 
4 
5 
8 
2 
2 
6 
6 
4 
7 
3 
3 
4 


Dntyper 
kilogram. 


10  50 
05 

05 
05 
15 
50 

1  00 
15 

02 
02 
05 
05 
15 
02 
15 
25 

2  00 
02 
02 
60 
60 
15 

1  00 
05 
05 
16 


ABTICLRS  OF  FBEB  IMPOBTATION  UPON  WHICH  THEBB  IS  NO  DUTY. 

Animnls,  live,  except  leeches. 

Articles  imported  by  order  of  the  national  Grovemment. 

Artistic  objects  of  a  monumental  character. 

Baggage,  passengers^  exclusive  of  furniture  and  effects  that  have  not  been  used. 

Baggage,  effects,  and  used  furniture,  introduced  by  Venezuelans  or  foreigners  domi- 
ciled in  Venezuela  who  have  resided  more  than  two  years  in  Europe  or  the  United 
States,  and  who  wish  to  renew  their  residence  in  Venezuela,  complying  with  article 
166  of  the  treasury  code. 

bridges  with  their  chains,  roadways,  and  other  attachments  when  they  are  for  public 
use  or  agricultural  enterprises. 

Books,  unbound,  or  folios  treating  of  the  sciences,  arts,  and  trades,  catalogues,  news- 
papers, and  periodicals,  and  copy-books  for  primary  schools. 

Cars,  tools,  and  all  other  articles  exclusively  for  railroad  U6e. 

Clocks  for  public  use,  when  introduced  by  the  Federal  Government. 

ISffects  introduced  by  foreign  diplomatic  agents  and  by  Venezuelan  diplomats  upon 
their  return  to  the  republic. 

Extract  of  rennet. 

Pish-hooks. 

Pire-engines. 

Olobes,  celestial  and  terrestrial,  hydrographic  charts  and  maps  of  all  classes. 

Ouano. 

Implements  for  agricultural  use,  such  as  plows,  harrows,  hoes,  axes,  shovels,  pickaxes 
mat<;hetes,  bill-hooks,  prnning-knives,  &c. 

Ice. 

Living  plants  of  all  classes,  herbariums,  or  collections  of  dried  plants  not  medicinal, 
and  seeds  for  planting. 

Hineral  coal. 

Machinery  for  producing  and  lighting  by  ^as. 

Machinery  for  sugar  mills  and  all  accessories. 

Machinery  for  agriculture,  mines,  weaving  mills,  saw-mills,  foundries,  and  for  the  arts 
and  trades,  n.  o.  s. 

Platinum,  and  unmanufactured  gold  and  silver,  and  gold  and  silver  in  legitimate 
money. 

Products  of  Colombia  introduced  over  the  frontier,  provided  that  the  products  of 
Venezuela  enjoy  the  same  privilege  in  Colombia. 

Printing  presses,  types,  and  all  accessories;  printing  ink,  and  white  papers  containing 
no  gum  or  glue. 


406  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Roman  cement. 

Steam  motors  of  all  classes,  with  their  accessories. 

Samples  of  staffs  in  small  pieces,  not  exceeding  25  kilograms  in  weight ;    of  wall 

paper  in  pieces  of  not  more  than  50  centimeters  in  length,  and  of  other  objects 

whose  dimensions  and  condition  preclnde  them  from  being  offered  for  sale. 
Wood  prepared  for  naval  constmction,  and  hewed  pieces  of  pine,  oak,  &c.,  snitable 

for  sawing  into  boards  or  other  shapes. 

Note. — Tne  receptacles  in  which  free  articles  are  introduced,  such  as  trnnks,  boxes, 
bags,  &c.,  will  be  weighed  separately,  and  charged  duty  according  to  class. 

NoTB.--Samples  of  staffs,  wall  papers,  &c.,  exceeding  25  kilograms  in  weight,  will 
be  charged  upon  said  excess  as  belonging  to  the  eighth  class. 

ARTICLES  WHOSE  IMPORTATION  IS  PROHIBITED. 

Cane  ram. 

Cocoa-nnt  oil. 

Cacao. 

Coffee. 

Chewing  tobacco,  in  twist  or  plag[. 

Counterfeit  money  and  foreign  silver  not  included  in  the  monetary  convention  of 

1865,  according  to  executive  decree  of  Julv  9,  1880. 
Coining  machinery,  except  by  order  of  the  federal  Government. 
Indigo. 

Molasses  and  honey. 
Starch. 
Sarsaparilla. 
Salt. 

Wooden  sticks  for  matches. 
Raw  cotton. 
White  or  brown  sugar. 
Wooden  toys  for  cMldren. 

Note. — In  order  to  import  fire-arms,  gun-powder,  lead,  cartridges,  gun-caps,  flints, 
or  saltpeter,  permission  from  the  general  Government  must  be  obtained. 


VENEZUELAH  TABIFF  CHANGES. 

REPORT  BY  COMMERCIAL  AGEXT  SILER,  OF  LAOUATRA. 

I  have  the  honor  to  JDform  the  Department  of  State  that  an  act  has 
been  recently  passed  by  both  houses  of  the  Venezuelan  Congress,  and 
received  the  approval  of  the  Executive,  which,  when  put  into  operation, 
will  sensibly  affect  the  tariff  laws  of  this  country.  I  have  been  unable 
to  procuie  a  copy  of  the  text  of  this  law,  but  hope  to  be  able  to  do  so 
at  an  early  day,  when  I  shall  advise  the  Department  of  its  leading  feat- 
ures ;  however,  I  am  enabled  to  say  at  this  time  that  a  considerable  im- 
port duty  has  been  placed  on  several  articles  which  have  heretofore  been 
admitted  on  the  free  list.  Among  these  may  be  mentioned  corn,  rice, 
beans,  and  several  other  food  products.  There  are  other  articles  in 
which  considerable  trade  has  been  carried  on  here,  which  are  peremp- 
torily prohibited  from  importation  by  this  new  act.  In  this  list  are  men- 
tioned cocoa,  sugar,  certain  grades  of  tobacco,  wooden  toys,  &c. 

The  time  fixed  for  this  new  tariff  law  to  go  into  effect  was  July  1, 
but  it  appears  that  among  the  other  extraordinary  prerogatives  invested 
in  the  Executive  of  this  republic  is  one  that  by  a  simple  proclamation 
may  cause  any  law  to  go  into  immediate  operation,  notwithstanding  a 
different  period  may  have  been  fixed  by  Congress. 

As  might  be  expected,  business  is  timid  and  unsteady  here  just  now 
in  consequence  of  this  event;  and  this,  joined  to  the  scarcity  of  money 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         407 

in  circalatioD,  want  of  confidence  in  the  Government,  and  general  feel- 
ing of  uncertainty  which  prevails  throughout  the  republic,  would  seem 
anfavorable  auguries  of  its  immediate  prosperity. 

JAMES  W.  8ILER. 


United  States  Oonsulai'e, 

Laguayraj  Venezuela. 


TARIFF  REDUCTIOlf  IN  VEBfEZUELA. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  PLUMAOHER,  OF  MARAOAIBO. 

I  have  the  honor  to  ipclose  a  copy  and  translation  of  the  executive 
decree  of  January  26  last,  removing  the  extra  import  duty  of  30  per 
cent,  upon  goods  introduced  into  Venezuela  by  way  of  the  Antilles. 
This  measure,  in  my  opinion,  shows  considerably  better  judgment  than 
was  displayed  in  the  establishment  of  this  extra  imposition,  and  the 
interests  of  the  country  at  large  will  be  thereby  benefited.  It  will  also 
affect  most  favorably  the  American  "  Ked  D  ^  line  of  steamers,  the  only 
vessels  of  any  importance  carrying  our  flag  in  these  waters.  It  must 
be  noted,  however,  that  the  animus  against  Curacao  and  Trinidad  still 
exists,  as  direct  importations  from  those  points  continue  to  be  weighted 
with  the  additional  30  per  cent. 

E.  H.  PLUMAOHER, 

i  Consul 

United  States  Consulate, 

Maracaibo,  February  13,  1883. 


[Translation.] 

The  President  of  the  United  States  of  Venezuela,  in  use  of  the  faculty  conceded  to 
him  by  article  2,  law  vi  of  the  treasury  code  regalating  the  fiscal  laws,  and  with  the 
affirmative  vote  of  the  federal  council,  decrees : 

Article  1.  The  products,  goods,  and  merchandise  exported  from  Europe  and  the 
United  States  to  Venezuela,  and  accompanied  with  all  the  documents  required  by  the 
costoms  laws,  may  be  transshipped  in  foreign  colonies  from  one  vessel  to  another  to 
proceed  to  their  destination,  and  will  be  considered  as  arriving  directly  fh>m  the 
original  points  of  export. 

Art.  2.  When,  by  lack  of  immediate  transport,  it  may  become  necessary  to  disem- 
bark the  said  products,  goods,  and  merchandise  in  foreign  colonies,  they  may  be  re- 
<>nibarked  for  Venezuela  without  being  considered  as  colonial  exports,  always  provided 
that,  in  addition  to  the  consular  documents  from  the  port  of  original  dispatch,  the 
owners  or  consignees  present  at  the  custom-house  of  the  republic  \ivhere  the  goods  are 
landed,  a  certificate  from  the  Venezuelan  consul  in  the  colony  asserting  that  the  said 
goods  were  only  there  on  deposit  for  lack  of  vessels  to  take  them  to  their  destination. 

Art.  3.  The  provisions  of  the  foregoing  articles  will  take  effect  from  the  15th  of 
February  next  in  all  the  custom-houses  of  the  republic. 

Art.  4.  The  minister  of  finance  is  encharged  with  the  execution  of  this  decree. 

Signed,  sealed,  and  le£:alized  at  the  federal  palace  in  Caracas,  January  26,  1SS3, 
19th  year  of  the  law  and  the  24th  of  the  federation. 

GUZMAN  BLANCO. 

Countersigned : 

J.  P.  RojAS  Paul, 

Minister  of  Finance, 


408  TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


BRAZIIi. 
TARIFF  DIFFICULTIES. 

There  are  also  many  points  of  the  tariff  which  mast  be  well  under- 
stood to  avoid  exorbitant  duties.  For  example,  articles  composed  of 
two  different  substances  frequently  pay  on  the  whole  the  duty  assessed 
on  wares  of  the  material  paying  highest  duty.  Take,  for  example, 
lamps  for  burning  kerosene  having  a  gilded  brass  collar  and  fittings. 
If  imported  with  the  brass  work  attached  they  pay  duty  by  weight  as 
gilded  brassware,  the  glass  being  weighed  as  brass,  and  paying  a  higher 
duty  than  glass  only. 


CUSTOMS-REVEHUE  STSTEM  OF  BRAZIL. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  PRIVTDLB,  OF  PARA, 

A  pamphlet  containing  addresses  of  some  New  York  merchants,  before 
the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means,  advocating  certain  changes  in  our 
customs-revenue  system,  having  been  sent  to  this  office,  I  very  respect- 
fally  beg  to  say  that  it  appears  to  me  the  custom-house  appraisers, 
named  in  one  of  the  addresses,  in  giving  their  opinions  that  consular  veri- 
fications of  invoice  are  utterly  worthless,  have  overlooked  the  fact  that 
there  is  a  shipper's  declaration  attached  to  the  invoice  and  verification, 
and  therefore,  if,  on  examination  of  the  goods  at  the  port  of  entry,  it 
shall  apx>ear  that  there  is  undervaluation,  or  that  the  invoice  is  incor- 
rect in  any  other  particular,  whereby  it  is  evident  that  there  is  design 
to  defraud  the  revenue,  the  shipper  has  placed  himself,  over  his  signa- 
ture, in  a  position  from  which  he  cannot  extricate  himself  without  pay- 
ing the  penalty.  And,  in  a  consular  experience  of  nearly  fourteen  years, 
I  feel  satisfied  that  an  appreciation  of  this  fact  operates  decidedly  to 
check  attempt  on  the  revenue.  It  is  hardly  possible  that  a  consul  could 
inform  himself  positively  of  the  correctness  of  an  inv^oice,  but  he,  it  seems 
to  me,  works  in  conjunction  with  the  appraiser  at  home.  The  consul 
holds  the  shipper,  so  to  speak,  while  the  appraiser  examines  the  goods. 

Perhaps  the  shipper's  declaration  migrht  be  improved  if  to  it  were 
added  a  clause  to  the  effect  that  the  party  signing  it  acknowledges  him- 
self to  be  aware  of  the  penalties  attaching  to  an  attempt  to  defraud  the 
Government. 

The  system  advocated  by  the  above-named  gentlemen  in  some  re- 
spects appears  to  resemble  the  Brazilian  tariff,  home  valuation  being 
one  of  the  principal  features  of  the  latter  also ;  and  it  works  here  some- 
what as  follows:  The  first  thing  a  merchant  at  this  place  is  suppose  to 
do  on  the  arrival  of  an  importation  of  foreign  merchandise  is,  through 
his  custom-house  broker,  to  buy  an  appraiser.  This  accomplished,  the 
necessary  papers,  invoice  and  all,  are  then  made  out  for  the  entry  of 
the  goods.  It  is  not  probable  that  an  appraiser  can  always  be  bought, 
but  if  one-twentieth  part  of  the  stories  told  among  the  business  men  of 
Para  are  true  the  corruption  is  very  great  indeed.  There  is  said  to 
exist  an  established  rule,  that  of  the  amount  of  which  the  Government 
can  be  defrauded  on  an  importation  the  broker  has  one-third,  the  ap 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         409 

praiser  one-third,  and  the  importer  has  the  benefit  of  the  other.  In 
fact,  it  is  the  current  belief  here  that  all  regular  importers  at  this  place 
have  a  standing  and  permanent  agreement  with  their  brokers  that 
whenever  the  latter  can  show  that  a  lot  of  goods  has  been  passed  through 
at  a  rate  below  that  which  the  tariff  prescribes,  and  whereby  the  Gov- 
ernment has  been  defrauded,  his  money  is  earned.  And  such  are  the 
delays  and  other  peculiar  features  of  the  system,  difficulties  attending 
the  withdrawal  of  merchandise  from  the  custom-house,  &c.,  that  I  feel 
quite  satisfied  such  a  system  could  not  possibly  be  endui'ed  in  our 
country. 

A  member  of  a  house  here  for  which  I  have  verified  61  invoices  since 
the  1st  of  January  last  told  me  some  days  ago,  in  a  conversation  on 
the  subject,  that  his  firm  did  not  consider  our  system  burdensome,  and 
that  they  had  no  complaint  to  make. 

It  is  proposed,  also,  to  make  some  change  in  the  law  on  drawback  or 
debenture  certificates,  *and  I  beg  to  make  a  few  remarks  on  that  subject 
also.  In  countries  where  vessels  are  obliged  to  discharge  and  load  at 
anchor  some  distance  from  the  shore,  with  guard  boats  near  landings  on 
which  watch  is  kept  night  and  day,  to  which  all  boats  passing  to  and 
from  the  vessels  have  to  report,  no  doubt,  when  a  customs  officer  has 
inspected  the  lading  of  goods  on  which  there  is  allowance  of  drawback^ 
it  is  tolerably  safe  to  pay  such  drawback  as  soon  as  the  vessel  has 
sailed.  But  it  would  seem  to  be  very  different  in  our  country,  where 
vessels  discharge  and  load  at  the  wharves,  and  where  vessels  bound  to 
foreign  ports  lie  side  by  side  with  those  bound  to  ports  in  the  United 
States,  and  where,  therefore^  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  change  the 
destination  of  goods  after  being  laden. 

I  think  the  oaths  of  the  master  and  mate  of  the  exporting  vessel 
should  be  exacted,  and  that  consuls  should  be  more  particular  than 
they  are  in  that  part  of  their  duties  which  relates  to  these  certificates. 
At  present  the  manner  in  which  these  documents  are  treated  by  many 
consuls  undoubtedly  tends  to  bring  the  law  into  contempt.  For  in- 
stance, A,  in  New  York,  consigns  goods,  on  which  drawback  is  allowed^ 
to  certain  merchants  at  Para,  B,  C,  D,  E,  and,  perhaps,  eight  or  ten 
others,  all  on  one  certificate,  by  the  Ocean  Wave,  which  vessel  is  con- 
signed to  F.  A  sends  a  certificate  along,  which  is  made  out  to  G,  as 
consignee,  who  has  not  an  item  of  goods  on  the  certificate,  and  yet  I 
found  when  I  came  here  that  it  was  expected,  from  long  usage  I  believe, 
more  than  for  any  other  reason,  that  I  would  attest  that  the  signature 
of  G  as  consignee  was  true  and  correct  and  deserving  full  faith  and 
credit.  Sometimes  the  certificates  were  made  out  to  the  consignee  of 
the  vessels,  and  often  he  had  no  goods  on  it,  and  sometimes  it  was 
made  out  to  one  of  the  sev^eral  consignees.  It  was  customary  also  to 
send  these  documents  to  the  consulate  already  signed  by  the  master  and 
mate,  and  it  was  expected  that  the  consul  would  solemnly  attest  that 
these  officers  had  sworn  to  them  before  him,  even  in  cases  where  the 
goods  were  landed  from  foreign  vessels  whose  officers  he  had  never 
seen. 

If  I  were  to  attest  to  the  truth  of  any  document  of  which  I  knew 
nothing,  or  knew  to  be  untrue,  merely  to  suit  my  convenience,  or  in  or- 
der that  I  might  get  along  smoothly  and  easily  with  everybody,  I  should 
think  I  ought  to  ask  myself  where  this  sort  of  thing  might  be  likely  to 
stop. 

Some  shippers  in  the  United  States  who  ship  merchandise  to  many 
different  parts  of  the  world,  finding  that  a  consul  at;  one  place  will  cer- 
tify freely  to  such  certificates  as  I  have  described,  and  at  another  a  con- 


410         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

snl  who  will  not  act  as  though  they  regarded  the  circamstance  as  very 
remarkable,  and  make  pretense  of  great  indignation  toward  those  who, 
knowing  how  a  thing  should  be  done,  require  it  to  be  done  so.  Bat,  so 
far  as  my  experience  goes,  the  value  of  the  goods  covered  by  these  cer- 
tificates is  generally  small;  in  many  of  those  coming  to  this  port  less 
than  $100,  on  some  as  low  as  $10  and  $15,  and  is  rarely  as  high  as 
$2,000,  $3,000,  and  $4,000. 

It  woula  appear,  then,  that  the  fee  in  many  cases  is  very  large.  I 
respectfully  beg,  therefore,  to  suggest  that  the  law  be  so  altered  as  to 
admit  that  in  cases  where  there  are  several  consignees  combined  in  one 
certificate  the  consul  may  verify  such  certificate,  provided  each  of  such 
parties  sign  the  consignee's  declaration,  the  whole  for  a  single  fee,  this 
sometimes  being  allowed,  as  see  note  on  page  78  of  the  Consular  Regu- 
lations, or,  say,  50  cents  for  each  additional  consignee  after  the  first. 

The  foregoing  is  with  great  deference  submitted. 

A.  C.  PRINDLB. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Faraj  Brazil. 


BEAZniAS  DUTIES  Olf  CAmTED  PROVISIOlf S. 

The  high  duties  levied  by  the  Government  on  canned  provisions  are 
almost  prohibitory,  and  salmon,  lobsters,  oysters,  and  condensed  milk, 
which  used  to  enter  largely  into  every  assortment  imported,  are  no 
longer  included  t<o  any  extent.  On  the  other  hand,  there  are  always 
quantities  smuggled  into  the  place,  so  that  the  policy  of  the  Govern- 
ment, without  even  the  merit  of  being  protective,  as  no  such  goods  are 
put  up  here,  is  actually  detrimental  to  the  revenue. 


BRAZILIAN  TARTFP  Olf  IMPORTS. 

I  have  previously  stated  that  the  "  50  per  cent,  additional"  on  all  im- 
port duties  has  been  raised  to  "60  per  cent." 

In  order  to  show  at  a  glance  how  burdensome  the  Brazilian  tariff  is 
on  our  trade,  I  give  below  a  statement  of  goods  such  as  are  commonly 
imported  or  which  could  be  imported  conveniently  from  the  United 
States,  with  the  present  rate  of  customs  duty,  in  money  of  the  United 
States,  on  each  article.  The  rate  of  duty  includes  the  warehouse  charge, 
which  applies  to  all  goods  except  kerosene,  fresh  fruits,  and  a  very  few 
other  articles : 

Duties  on  articles  of  subsistance. 

Wheat  flour per  barrel..  fO  64 

Maize !-- per  hundred  pounds. .  15 

Pork do 09 

Lard do 04 

Hams do 08 

Bacon do 13 

Butter do II 

Chcefle do 09 

Fresh  fruits do 15 

Preserved do 10 

Whisky per  gallon..  1  65 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         411 

Duties  an  cotton  manufactures. 

Unbleached  cotton  cloth per  ponnd. .  $0  12 

Shirting do 20 

Calicoes do....        37 

Duties  on  hardware. 

Fence  wire per  pound..  $0  02 

Axes,  hatchets,  spades,  hoes,  picks,  and  tools  for  masons. .  per  hundred  pounds. .        15 
Carpenters'  and  joiners'  tools do 45 

Duties  on  miscellaneous  goods, 
Kerosene : 

Per  case  64  pounds  net $1  30 

Or  per  ponnd 02 

Linmber,  per  cubic  meter  (1.3  cubic  yards) .' 3  54 

Men's  boots  and  shoes,  per  pair 1  10 

Platform  scales,  each  capacity  220  poands 5  55 

Platform  scales,  each  caoacity  11,000  pounds 69  00 

"Watches  and  clocks,  each 1  00 

Pianos,  in  common  use,  each 33  50 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  that  the  duty  imposed  on  several  nec- 
essaries, such  as  butter,  cheese,  pork,  and  bacon,  exceeds  their  original 
cost.  To  illustrate  what  a  heavy  tax  has  to  be  paid  on  a  single  cargo, 
I  would  state  that  an  American  sailing  ship  which  arrived  here  from 
Boston  in  the  latter  part  of  the  month,  loaded  with  apples  and  ice,  paid 
into  the  custom-house  in  duties  the  sum  of  $7,330.  The  duties  on  2,400 
barrels  of  apples  and  31  barrels  of  pears  amounted  to  $6,000. 

I  submit  that  important  reductions  of  duties  on  imports  from  the 
United  States  should  be  demanded  in  consideration  of  the  latter  contin- 
uing to  admit  coffee  from  Brazil  free  of  duty.  We  also  admit  free  of 
daty  India  rubber,  cocoa,  and  cabinet  wood  of  Brazil. 

In  my  special  report  of  November*  23 1  had  the  honor  to  call  attention 
to  the  import  duties  which  several  European  countries  collect  on  coffee: 
[England,  3  cents  a  pound ;  Germany,  4^  cents ;  Austria-Hungary,  7  cents ; 
Italy,  10  cents ;  and  France,  14  cents  a  pound,  while  for  several  years 
the  United  States  has  admitted  it  free  of  duty.  Not  only  does  Brazil 
tax  excessively  the  goods  imported  from  the  United  States,  but  she  also 
collects  an  export  tax  amounting  to  nearly  $2,500,000  a  year  on  the 
coffee  which  she  sells  to  the  United  States. 


AMERICAN  TRADE  WITH  BRAZIL. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  PRINDLE  ON  THE  TRADE  OF  PARA  WITH  BRAZIL  AND  ON  THE 

BEST  METHODS  FOR  THE  ENLARGEMENT  THEREOF. 

Trade  between  the  United  States  and  this  part  of  Brazil  appears  to  be 
increasing  it  is  true,  but  the  imports  from  the  United  States,  showing, 
as  they  do,  a  volume  so  much  below  the  exports  thereto,  are  still  very 
far  from  satisfactory,  and,  in  my  opinion,  the  cause  lies  mostly  with  our 
own  people.  When  I  arrived  in  Para  some  two  years  ago  two  American 
firms  had  just  commenced  business  here  under,  apparently,  the  most 
favorable  auspices.  Many  of  our  merchants  and  manufacturers  at  home 
stood  ready  to  make  large  consignments  to  them,  and,  in  fact,  large 
shipments  were  made  to  them  at  the  outset,  but  the  returns  being  very 
unsatisfactory,  and  continuing  so,  both  firms  were  obliged  to  wind  up 
their  business,  and  went  out  of  existence  in  about  eighteen  months  from 


412         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

the  date  of  opening,  leaving  bat  one  hoose  which  accounts  itself  Ameri- 
can in  Pank  The  main  cause  of  the  non-succesH  of  these  firms,  I  con- 
sider to  have  been  lack  of  a  knowledge  of  the  language  of  the  country. 

There  is  great  competition  here  among  the  English,  German,  and  Portu- 
guese merchants,  &c.,  and  the  mercantile  business  of  the  place  presents 
many  peculiar  features,  which  absolutely  requires  time  for  a  foreigner, 
particularly  it  appears  to  me  for  an  American,  to  become  acquainted  with. 
The  peculiarities  of  the  Brazilian  tariff  also,  and  the  methods  and  cus- 
toms in  vogue  at  the  custom-house  here,  and  the  losses  oftentimes  sus- 
tained by  mistakes  in  violating  some  customs  regulations,  or  by  not 
knowing  how  to  have  merchandise  manufactured  and  packed  so  as  to 
be  admitted  at  the  lowest  rate  of  duty,  and,  also,  so  as  to  avoid  fines 
and  penalties,  operate  very  discouragingly  on  a  beginner,  and  when  to 
these  is  added  ignorance  of  the  language  of  the  people,  the  discourage- 
ment is  very  greatly  increased. 

I  would  not  advise  any  American  to  attempt  business  in  Brazil  with- 
out first  acquiring  a  good  knowledge  of  the  Portuguese  language,  for  it 
is  really  an  indispensable  necessity  in  order  to  succeed. 

I  consider  that  the  establishment  of  American  commercial  houses  in 
Brazil  would  do  more  toward  increasing  our  trade  with  this  people  than 
could  be  accomplished  by  any  other  means.  Undoubtedly  in  the  course 
of  time  we  shall  be  much  more  numerously  represented  here  than  we 
are  at  pre^sent,  but  the  process  must,  I  think,  be  very  slow  unless  there 
shall  be  a  change  of  tactics.  There  appears  to  be  but  few  American 
clerks  in  Brazil,  even  in  American  houses,  and  in  this,  so  far  as  my 
knowledge  extends,  American  merchants  differ  much  from  British  and 
German,  whose  clerks  are  generally  of  their  own  nationality.  I  believe  if 
a  number  of  young  Americans  of  good  character  and  business  ability,  and 
well  up  in  the  Portuguese  language,  could  manage,  to  obtain  positions 
in  sound  commercial  houses  in  each  of  the  principle  cities  on  the  coast 
of  Brazil,  in  due  time  they  would  make  their  influence  greatly  felt  in  our 
trade.  But  to  go  to  work  the  other  way,  that  is,  establish,  get  out  a 
stock  of  merchandise,  invite  consignments,  &c.,  and  then  begin  to  learn 
the  language  and  the  business  methods  of  the  people,  is  to  put  both 
capital  and  credit  to  extraordinary  risks,  most  generally  fatal  to  success, 
as  results  have  shown. 

A.  C.  PEINDLE, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Faruy  October,  1880. 


EXPORT  DUTT  Olf  BRAZILIAN  COFFEE. 

REPORT  BY  MINISTER  OSBORN. 

August  16, 1883. 

On  May  1, 1872,  the  rate  of  export  duty  on  coffee,  as  fixed  by  the  im- 
perial Government,  was  9  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  This  rate  was  estab- 
lished by  act  of  September  26,  1867,  and  so  remained  until  the  30th  of 
October  last,  when  it  was  reduced  by  Parliament  to  7  per  cent.,  at  which 
figure  it  now  stands.  An  additional  export  duty  of  4  per  cent,  is  col- 
lected by  the  province  in  which  the  coffee  is  grown.  This  rate  pre- 
vailed May  1,  1872,  and  has  continued  unchanged. 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  413 


TABIFF  CHANGES  DT  BEAZU. 

REPORT  BY  MINISTER  OSBORX,  OF  RIO  JANEIRO. 

In  my  dispatch  No.  14,  dated  February  25  last,  I  called  attention  to 
the  fact  that  there  was  pendiDg  in  the  House  of  Deputies  a  bill  for  the 
redaction  of  the  tax  upon  coffee  to  3  per  cent.  This  measure  failed  to 
pass;  but  there  was  afterwards  introduced  a  bill  reducing  the  export 
duties  on  coffee,  sugar,  cotton,  and  mat^  2  per  cent.,  and  increasing  the 
import  duties  on  all  articles  taxed  10  per  cent,  which  bill  parsed  both 
houses  and  received  the  imperial  sanction,  and  went  into  operation  on 
the  9th  instant. 

EFFECT  OP  TARIFF  CHANOE  ON  COFFEE. 

• 

The  effect  on  the  coffee  market  was  very  great,  as  it  gave  to  those 
who  were  holding  coffee  in  foreign  markets  and  to  those  who  had  ship- 
ped just  prior  to  the  9th  the  disiulvantage  of  competing  with  those  who 
had  the  benefit  of  the  reduction. 

As  the  margin  of  profit  on  coffee  is  very  small,  the  difference  of  2  per 
cent,  must  entail  great  losses  to  the  large  shippers  who  were  caught 
with  heavy  stocks. 

The  planters  complain  that  with  this  reduction  even  they  will  meet 
with  immense  losses  on  this  year's  crop,  as  the  yield  is  enormous,  and 
the  foreign  markets  being  overstocked  the  selling  price  is  kept  low.  In 
some  instances  planters  are  gathering  but  part  of  a  crop,  as  they  say 
it  will  not  pay  to  transport  it  to  the  market. 

The  former  Government  tax  on  coffee  exported  was  9  per  cent.,  to 
which  was  added  a  provincial  tax  of  4  per  cent.,  making  a  total  of  13 
per  cent.  The  Government  tax  is  now  7  per  cent,  and  the  provincial 
remains  unchanged. 

The  price  of  cuffee  is  lower  than  it  has  been  for  many  years. 

The  increase  of  10  per  cent,  in  the  import  duties  will  of  course  come 
out  of  the  pocket  of  the  consumer. 

I  inclose  an  article  on  both  subjects  taken  from  the  Bio  News  of  the 
^th  instant. 

THOMAS  A.  OSBOEN, 

Minister. 

Legation  of  the  United  States, 

RU)  de  Janeiro^  November  15, 1882. 


[From  the  Kio  News,  November  6,  1882.] 

The  new  additional  tax  of  10  per  cent,  on  imports,  together  with  the  increase  in 
warehouse  charges  and  the  reduction  of  2  per  cent,  in  the  export  duties  on  coffee, 
sugar,  cotton,  and  mat^,  are  to  go  into  execution  on  the  9th  instant.  On  and  after 
that  date  the  additional  tax  on  the  schedule  ratfs  will  he  60  instead  of  50  per  cent. 
The  new  rates  for  the  customs  warehouses  will  he  one-half  pet  cent,  for  the  first 
month  which  will  be  collected  on  all  entries,  whether  they  remain  in  the  custom- 
house or  not.  For  two  months  the  tax  will  be  1  per  cent,  per  month ;  for  three 
months,  1^  per  cent,  per  month;  and  for  periods  exceeding  three  months,  2  per  cent, 
per  month,  or  24  per  cent,  per  annum — the  tax  being  levied  upon  the  duties  imposed 
upon  the  goods.  The  effect  of  these  laws  can  be  no  other  than  the  restriction  of  im- 
|K>rtation.    The  mercantile  classes  will  be  obliged  to  import  on  shorter  time  and  to 


414  TABIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAX   COUNTRIES. 

carry  lighter  stocks,  for  the  simple  reason  that  the  increased  duties  and  warehouse 
taxes  will  increase  the  cost  of  goods  to  Just  that  extent,  with  a  consequent  increase 
in  the  amount  of  capital  tied  up  in  stock.  Of  course  these  increased  taxes  will  be 
met  by  either  an  increase  in  the  prices  on  goods  or  an  equivalent  decrease  in  the 
quality  of  the  goods.  In  either  case  the  consumer  will  pay  the  tax  and  suffer  the 
hardships.  The  loss  to  the  mercantile  classes  will  sprine  from  the  restrictions  upon 
business  and  decreased  consumption.  These  are  simply  tne  elementary  factors  in  this 
problem  of  taxation,  but  they  seem  to  be  as  yet  but  little  understood  in  parliament 
and  in  the  GoYemment.  They  have  yet  to  learn  the  mysterious  workings  of  a  tax 
upon  middlemen.  In  the  matter  of  the  reduction  in  the  export  taxes  on  coffee,  sug^ar, 
cotton,  and  mat^,  the  step  is  one  in  the  right  direction,  and  should  be  hailed  with 
pleasure.  After  the  9th  the  general  export  tax  on  coffee  will  be  7  instead  of  9  per 
cent.,  the  provincial  tax  of  4  per  cent,  remaining  unchanged. 


EXPORT  DUTIES  OE  BRAZIL. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL-GENERAL  ANDREWS, 

In  compliance  with  the  Department's  circular  letter  of  15th  February 
Ia8t,  received  April  11,  I  now  beg  to  inclose  a  table  of  the  export 
duties  of  Brazil. 

The  peculiarity  of  these  duties  is  that  they  are  levied  by  each  of  the 
twenty  separate  provinces  of  Brazil  as  well  as  by  the  Imperial  Govern- 
ment. I  began  the  collection  of  the  information  necessary  for  this  table 
in  April,  but  soon  found  that  it  would  be  necessary  for  me  to  write  to 
the  different  consular  officers  of  the  United  States  in  Brazil  to  ascer- 
tain the  duties  levied  by  their  respective  provinces.  This  naturally  has 
occasioned  delay ;  and  in  respect  to  two  consular  agencies  I  have  as  yet 
received  no  reply  whatever.  Perhaps  I  might  properly  repeat  here  the 
remark  of  the  consul  at  Pernambuco,  writing  me  under  date  of  the  25th 
instant,  in  regard  to  certain  agencies  subordinate  to  his  consulate.  He 
says: 

The  fact  is  that  these  agencies  are  so  poorly  paid  that  the  holders  do  not  care  to 
keep  them,  or  rather  will  not  trouble  themselves. 

As  also  the  United  States  have  consular  officers  in  only  thirteen  of 
the  twenty  provinces  of  Brazil,  and  as  the  rate  of  provincial  duties 
could  not  be  furnished  me  at  the  department  of  finance,  it  has  been 
with  no  little  trouble  that  I  have  procured  full  information  except  as  to 
two  rather  unimportant  provinces. 

OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE  IMPERIAL  AND  PROVINCIAL  EXPORT  DUTIES 
OF  BRAZIL;  ALSO  NAMES;  LATITUDE,  AND  LEADING  EXPORTS  OF 
THE  DIFFERENT  PROVINCBS. 

Imperial  duties. — As  will  be  seen  by  the  accompanying  table,  the  rate 
of  export  duties  collected  for  the  empire  is  9  per  ceut.  ad  valorem  on 
ten  different  articles,  including  Brazil  nuts,  Brazil  wood,  cacao,  hides^ 
rubber,  spirits,  and  tobacco ;  7  per  cent,  on  coffee,  wool,  and  matt6-tea, 
and  5  per  cent,  on  most  of  the  other  important  exports,  including  flour 
of  mandioca,  from  which  tapioca  is  largely  produced. 

Provincial  duties. — Every  province  of  Brazil,  whether  maritime  or 
interior,  collects  a  separate  duty  of  generally  about  4  or  5  per  cent,  on 
its  exx>orts,  and  in  some  instances,  as  will  be  seen  further  along,  a  muni- 
cipal tax  is  added.  Indirect  taxation  is  the  popular  system  of  raising 
revenue  in  this  country.  There  is  no  direct  taxation  of  land.  The  tax  is 
collected  on  the  products  of  the  land  when  they  are  exported. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         415 

The  constitutional  right  of  the  provinces  to  levy  export  taxes  appears 
to  be  recognized.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  not  considered  constitntional 
for  them  to  levy  import  taxes,  though  they  attempted  unsuccessfully  to 
do  so  a  year  or  two  ago. 

The  imperial  and  provincial  export  duties  together,  in  some  respects, 
constitute  a  heavy  tax  on  goods  exported  to  the  United  States.  It  is 
true  the  bulk  of  the  coffee  exported  from  Brazil  to  the  United  States 
goes  from  this  port  [Bio],  and  the  export  duty  on  such  i8  7  per  cenL 
for  the  empire  and  4  per  cent  for  theprovince^  in  all^  11  per  cent  The 
same  rates  of  duty  are  collected  on  what  is  sent  from  the  next  largest 
coffee-shipping  port,  Santos,  province  of  San  Paulo.  Considerable 
coffee  is  also  exported  from  Bahia  and  Gear4,  and  as  the  export  tax 
thereon  for  each  province  is  7  per  cent.,  the  full  rate,  including  the  im- 
perial tax,  is  14  per  cent  on  coffee  exportedfrom  those  provinces.  So^  on  the 
article  of  rubber,  which  is  principally  exported  from  the  two  provmces  of 
Amazonas  and  Grao  Par4,  there  is  laid  in  the  first-mentioned  province  a 
provincial  tax  of  12  per  cent.,  and  in  the  last-mentioned  province  a  pro- 
vincial export  tax  of  13  per  cent.,  to  each  of  which  must  be  added  the 
imperial  rate  of  9  per  cent. 

PROVINOES. 

Alagods. — Latitude,  9^  to  10^  south.  Exports,  cotton,  sugar,  and  hides. 
Amount  of  provincial  export  duties  per  year,  $155,700.  The  total  amount 
of  duties  in  respect  to  this  and  the  lollowing  provinces  should  be  under- 
stood as  the  amount  of  provincial  export  duties  for  the  latest  year  re- 
ported, the  returns  not  being  all  for  the  same  year. 

AriKizons. — Latitude,  from  5°  north  to  1(P  south  of  equator.  Principal 
exports,  rubber,  cacao,  Brazil  nuts,  and  medicinal  plants.  In  addition 
to  provisional  export  tax  is  a  municipal  tax  of  2  per  cent,  on  all  exports. 
Annual  amount  of  provincial  export  duties,  $421,992. 

Bahia, — Latitude,  10°  to  18°  south.  Principal  exports,  sugar,  coffee, 
pi  assava  or  broom  fiber,  cacao,  hides,  diamonds,  tobacco,  Brazil  wood, 
spirits. 

Ceard. — Latitude,  3°  to  8°  south.  Principal  exports  cotton,  coffee, 
sugar,  hides,  horns,  rubber,  spirits.  There  is  an  additional  municipal 
export  tax  of  4  cents  on  each  hide  and  28  cents  on  each  100  pounds  of 
rubber.    Annual  amount  of  duties,  $117,600. 

Espirito  Santo, — Latitude,  18®  to  21®  south.  Principal  exports,  coffee, 
sugar,  lumber.  The  provincial  export  duty  of  this  province  on  coffee 
is  at  the  rate  of  17  reis  per  hilo,  amounting  to,  say,  42  cents  per  bag. 
On  sugar,  10  reis  per  hilo,  being  about  20  cents  per  100  pounds.  On 
rosewood,  84  cents  per  log,  and  42  cents  per  piece  for  smaller  dimen- 
sions. For  naval  timbers  $4.20  per  ma^t,  and  42  cents  per  plank.  An- 
nual duties,  $86,868. 

Ooyaz. — Latitude,  from  6®  to  19®  south.  Large  interior  province. 
Principal  exports,  products  of  stock-raising  and  Brazil  wood.  Export 
duty  on  products  of  agriculture  is  6  per  cent.;  on  tobacco  about  1  cent 
per  pound.    Annual  duties,  $33,147. 

Ordo  Fard. — Latitude,  3^  north  to  9^  south  of  equator.  Principal 
exports,  rubber,  sugar,  cacao,  Brazil  nuts,  hides,  and  Peruvian  bark. 
There  is  an  additional  municipal  export  duty  of  5  reis  per  hilo  on  rubber, 
or,  say,  10  cents  per  100  pounds.  Also  there  is  a  provincial  export  duty 
of  $4  per  head  on  cattle.  The  export  duty  on  Peruvian  bark,  if  any, 
was  not  reported.    Annual  amount  of  duties,  $723,216. 


416  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Maranham. — Latitude,  19  to  9^  soath.  PriDcipal  exports,  cotton,  sugar, 
hides,  balsam  copaiba.    Annual  duties,  $78,834. 

MattO'Orosso, — Latitude,  9^  to  23^  south.  Very  large  inland  province 
on  southwestern  frontier.  Principal  export  is  wool.  Annual  duties, 
$14,668. 

MinaS'Oeras. — Latitude,  14©  to  21o  south.  Principal  exports,  coffee, 
cotton,  tobacco,  and  cattle.  The  4  per  cent,  duty  on  coffee  is  coUectea 
at  the  railway  and  other  depots  of  transportation.  The  provincial  ex- 
port duty  on  other  products  and  goods  varies  from  3  to  6  per  cent. 
Annual  amount  of  duties,  $539,700. 

Parahyba. — Latitude,  6^o  to  7^^  south.  Exports,  cotton,  sugar,  and 
hides,  considerable  of  which  is  through  Pemambuco.  Amount  of  du- 
ties, $106,388. 

Farand. — Latitude,  23°  to  26°  south.  Principal  export  is  matte-tea. 
Annual  amount  of  duties,  $58,800. 

Pemambuco. — Latitude,  7^°  to  9^  south.  Principal  export,  sugar, 
cotton,  hides,  spirits,  coffee.  There  is  an  additional  export  duty  of  5 
cents  for  the  benefit  of  charitable  institution ;  also  4  per  cent,  on  each 
cotton  bag  if  made  out  of  the  province  in  which  sugar  is  exported. 

Piauhy. — Latitude,  2^  to  10^  south.  Exports,  cotton,  and  sometimes 
mandioca  and  rice.  The  rate  of  provincial  export  duties  may  be  as- 
sumed as  about  the  same  as  in  Maranham  or  Geard,  which  adjoin  it. 
Annual  amount  of  duties,  $20,659. 

Rio  de  Janiero. — Latitude,  21°  to  23°  south.  Principal  exports,  cof- 
fee, cotton,  sugar,  spirits,  hides,  tobacco.  Annual  amount  of  (provincial) 
export  duties,  $1,042,256. 

Rio  Orande  do  Norte. — Latitude,  5°  to  6Jo  south.  Principal  exports, 
cotton  and  sugar.  Annual  amount  of  duties,  $69,570,  and  the  rate  may 
be  taken  about  the  same  as  in  the  adjoining  province  of  Geard. 

Rio  Orande  do  Sul. — Latitude,  27©  to  32^  south.  Principal  exports, 
hides,  hair,  wool,  tobacco,  and  matte-tea.  Annual  amount  of  duties, 
$406,792. 

Santa  Catharina. — Latitude,  26^  to  29^  south.  Gonsidered  a  remark- 
ably salubrious  province.  Principal  exports,  mandioca,  cotton,  maize, 
rice,  and  beans.    Annual  amount  of  duties,  $51,911. 

San  Paulo. — Latitude,  20°  to  24P  south.  Province  of  the  most  diver- 
sified agriculture.  Principal  exports,  coffee,  cotton,  and  wool.  There 
is  an  "additional'^  duty  of  80  reis,  say,  4  cents,  per  bag  of  coffee.  On 
all  other  articles  4  per  cent,  and  20  per  cent,  "additional."  Annual 
amount  of  duties,  $692,246. 

Sergipe. — Latitude,  lO^  to  11  Jo  south.  Principal  exports,  cotton  and 
fiugar.  In  addition  to  the  duties  stated  in  the  table,  the  following  are 
collected  for  hospitals:  1  cent  on  each  bag  of  sugar,  1  "real"  on  each 
kilogram  of  cotton,  1  cent  on  each  hide,  and  34  cents  on  each  pipe  of 
spirits.  Annual  amount  of  duties,  $195,966. 
I  am,  sir, 

G.  G.  ANDREWS, 

Consul' OeneraL 

United  States  Gonsulate-Genebal, 

Bio  de  Janeiro^  August  31,  1883. 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  417 


UNITED    STATES     OP    COIiOMBIA. 
TARIFF  OF  THE  UHTTED  STATES  OF  COLOKBIA 

BBPOBT  BT  CONSUL  SMITH,  OF  OARTJEAeSNA. 

FIRST  GLASS. 

Free. 

1.  Altars,  chapels,  and  organs  for  churches. 

2.  Apparatas  for  gas-lighting  and  prodncing  it. 

3.  Arms  and  munitions  of  war  that  may  be  imported  for  the  nse  of 
the  constitutional  governments  of  the  states. 

4.  Hice,  corn,  potatoes,  onions,  lentils,  sweet  potatoes,  chick  peas, 
l>ean8,  and  all  classes  of  vegetables  and  fresh  fruits. 

5.  The  following  article  intended  for  packing  and  filling  with  liquids: 
demijohns,  large  bottles,  bottles  large  and  smtQl,  flasks  either  of  clay  or 
glass,  the  common  stafi^*  made  of  hemp  or  heniqnen,  tarred  or  antarred 
water-proof  paper  used  for  packing. 

6.  Marble  and  jasper,  flat  paving  stones. 

7.  Pipes  for  public  aqueducts  of  districts. 

8.  Baggage  of  passengers  not  to  exceed  one  hundred  kilograms  for 
each  person ;  provided,  however,  the  goods  contained  in  it  are  for  their 
personal  use  and  that  they  are  presented  by  them  at  the  custom-house 
at  the  time  of  entry  into  Colombian  territory.  For  any  excess  over  the 
one  hundred  kilograms,  60  cents  for  each  additional  kilogram  is  charged. 

9.  Kough  iron,  ainc  in  sheets,  materials  composed  of  wire  and  iron  to 
be  used  in  the  construction  of  bridges  and  prison  houses ;  public  clocks 
for  the  districts;  materials  and  apparatus  for  public  fountains. 

10.  Printed  books  of  any  class. 

11.  Machinery  [notf]  exceeding  1,000  kilograms  in  weight. 

12.  Any  machinery,  no  matter  what  its  weight,  that  may  be  imported 
for  mining  and  agricultural  purposes. 

13.  Sewing  machines  and  their  annexes,  like  crimping  machines,  &c. 

14.  Machines  and  their  appurtenances  for  preparing  coffee,  imported 
totally  or  partially,  the  galvanized  wire  cloth  for  stoves,  iron  pipes,  the 
fans  and  fanning  apparatus,  the  iron  roofs,  and  in  general  all  goods  and 
tools  applicable  for  cofl'ee  machines. 

15.  Gold  coins  (lawful)  not  below  the  standard  of  those  coined  by  the 
nation. 

16.  Monuments,  statues,  and  iron  rails  intended  for  ornamentation  of 
public  buildings  and  squares. 

17.  Expressed  juice  of  barley  or  other  fermented  or  unfermented  mat- 
ter, either  liquid  or  solid,  intended  for  brewing  purposes  and  the  con- 
densed beer. 

18.  Samples  in  small  pieces,  when  their  total  weight  does  not  exceed 
25  kilograms. 

19.  Iron  works  that  may  be  imported  for  the  prison  house  of  the  State 
of  Gundinamarca  and  for  all  the  other  state  prisons  in  the  republic. 

20.  Straw  for  making  hats. 

21.  Lightning-rods,  plows,  and  fire-engines. 

22.  Silver  in  bars  and  silver  coins  of  0.900  fine. 

23.  Filtering  stones. 

1784  CONG— A  P 27 


418         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

24.  Lead  in  ingots,  and  quicksilver  for  mining  purposes. 

25.  Presses,  materials,  and  implements  for  printing  offices,  and  for 
book-binders  and  lithographers,, including  ink,  blank  paper,  and  paste- 
boards, for  such  purposes. 

26.  Iron  bridges  of  any  shape. 

27.  Subcarbonate  of  potash. 

28.  Subcarbonate  of  soda. 

29.  Implements  and  materials  intended  for  establishing,  sustaining, 
and  improving  public  lighting. 

30.  Wine  known  as  common  claret  like  that  produced  at  Catalonia,  Bor- 
deaux, &c.,  imported  iu  barrels,  casks,  and  demijohns. 

31.  Belates  to  building  materials  that  may  be  imported  into  the  State 
of  Magdalena  for  erection  of  houses,  &c.,  in  said  state. 

SPECIAL  GLASS. 

The  following  articles  under  this  head  enter  also/re^  of  import  duties: 

1.  Wire  for  iences,  staples  for  same,  stretchers  to  fix  it. 

2.  Live  animals. 

3.  All  articles  imported  for  account  of  national  government,  whatever 
its  nature  be. 

4.  The  following  articles  intended  for  packing :  Empty  barrels,  casks, 
and  hogsheads,  erected  or  in  pieces;  common  and  rough  wooden  boxes 
in  pieces,  skillets  for  match-boxes  and  the  sticks  to  make  them. 

5.  Vessels  erected  or  in  pieces  that  may  be  imported  to  navigate  the 
interior  waters  of  Colombia. 

6.  Mineral  coal. 

7.  Goods  for  the  personal  use  of  public  ministers  and  diplomatic  agents 
of  foreign  countries  accredited  near  the  Government  of  Colombia,  pro- 
vided the  same  courtesy  is  extended  by  their  respective  countries,  and 
that  the  usual  formalities  are  observed. 

8.  Wood  or  iron  houses  in  pieces.  The  windows,  doors,  &c.,  when 
coming  alone,  belong  to  the  second  class  of  the  tariff  (5  cents  per  kilo- 
gram). 

9.  Goods  and  implements  that  may  be  imported  for  the  use  of  the 
Charity  Hospital  at  Barranquilla,  and  its  annexed  free  school  for  girls. 

10.  Hay  and  down,  unmanufactured* 

11.  Ice,  phosphates,  seeds  and  shoots  of  plants. 

12.  Printed  matter  and  labels  or  advertisements,  with  or  without 
frames. 

13.  Printing  machinery  and  materials  imported  for  account  of  state 
governments. 

14.  Lumber  for  building  purposes,  such  as  beams,  ties,  boards,  &c. 

15.  Machinery  and  apparatus  applicable  to  the  construction,  im- 
provement, and  preservation  of  roads;  for  opening  and  sustaining 
canals  for  navigation ;  wagons,  implements,  and  materials  intended  ex- 
clusively for  railroads,  and  the  materials  for  the  construction  of  electric 
telegraphs. 

16.  Powdered  marble,  clay,  cement,  lime,  rough  or  powdered,  plaster 
of  Paris,  chalk,  feldspar,  silt,  massicot,  kaolin,  powdered  bone,  and 
any  other  substance  for  the  manufacture  of  earthenware. 

17.  Building  materials,  such  as  rough  stones,  clay,  bricks,  clay  or 
stone  paving. 

18.  Motors  of  any  class  or  power,  and  machinery  for  industrial  and 
mining  enterprises. 

19.  Plants  of  any  kind. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         419 

20.  Potash  or  caustic  soda,  the  ashes  and  salts  of  soda,  the  rosin, 
crude  tallow,  and  pressed  tallow  unmanufactured. 

21.  Clothing  for  charitable  institutions  that  may  be  under  the  inspec- 
tion of  public  authority,  and  all  the  implements  for  same,  and  also  goods 
for  the  personal  use  of  the  "  Sisters  of  Charity  ^  that  may  be  employed 
at  said  institutions. 

22.  Natural  products  of  Ecuador,  Venezuela,  Peru,  and  other  nations 
to  which  such  exemption  has  been  or  may  be  granted  under  agreement 
of  reciprocity  by  public  treaties. 

23.  Tiles  in  any  form  and  of  any  matter,  including  shingles,  roofing 
slate,  galvanized  sheet  iron,  and  zinc  for  roofs. 

24.  Uniforms  for  the  police  at  Bogota  and  for  the  chiefs  and  officers 
of  the  Colombian  army. 

25.  Implements,  apparatus,  and  other  goods  imported  by  the  states 
for  public  primary  and  secondary  instruction. 

26.  All  implements,  materials,  apparatus,  machinery,  ships,  and  im- 
plemeuts  for  erecting  and  repairing  them,  and,  in  general,  anything 
imported  for  the  navigation  and  the  improvement  of  the  Upper  Mag- 
dalena. 

27.  Materials,  tools,  implements,  and  other  articles  imported  by  the 
company  of  the  San  Buenaventura  road,  in  the  State  of  Santander,  in- 
tended for  the  construction  and  service  of  the  railroad  that  will  com- 
municate the  city  of  San  Jos6  de  Cucuta  and  the  port  of  Yillamizar  on 
the  river  Zulia. 

28.  Goods  about  which  exemption  is  obligatory  in  virtue  of  special 
stipulations  in  contracts  entered  into  with  the  Government,  among 
which  are  the  following : 

Materials  imported  for  the  construction  and  working  of  the  Antioquia 
railroad  line  up  to  five  years  after  the  work  is  completed  and  in  public 
service;  materials  for  the  construction  and  working  of  the  railroad  from 
Buenaventura  Bay  up  to  the  river  Cauca  for  the  shops,  &c.,  during  the 
construction  of  the  load  and  up  to  five  years  after  it  is  completed,  as 
well  as  the  provisions  and  medicines  and  other  goods  this  enterprise 
may  require  on  the  works.  Among  these  exemptions  must  be  included 
the  merchandise  exempted  from  import  duties  due  to  the  franchise  at 
several  free  ports  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  the  Archipelago  of  San 
Andres,  and  on  the  western  region  of  the  republic. 

SECOND  CLASS. 

Pays  5  cents  per  kilogram, 

1.  Sulphuric  acid. 

2.  Gb^rlic. 

3.  Unprepared  food,  like  cod-fish,  pickled  beef,  hams  not  in  tins,  soup- 
paste  and  the  like,  nuts,  &c. 

4.  Unprepared  food  not  mentioned  in  the  first  class. 
6.  Tar. 

6.  The  necessary  apparatus  and  materials  either  of  iron,  copper,  steel, 
bronze,  or  wood  for  duplicating  and  repairing  vessels  navigating  the 
rivers  and  lakes  of  the  Colombian  territory,  and  for  the  iron  bridges, 
wharves,  land  slides,  electric  telegraph,  railroads,  and  for  cleaning  the 
canals,  harbors,  and  ports. 

7.  Quicksilver,  tin,  and  solder  in  bars,  and  tin  caps  for  bottles. 

8.  Sugar. 

9.  Wooden  buckets,  hampers,  or  trays. 


420         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

10.  Scales  in  which  more  than  a  hundred  kilograms  can  be  weighed 
at  a  time. 

11.  Hydraulic  pumps,  with  their  respective  pipes  and  fittings. 

12.  Common  pitch,  applicable  in  the  construction  of  vessels. 

13.  Bope  and  rigging  only  appUcable  for  the  use  of  all  kinds  of,  ves- 
sels. 

14.  Cast-iron  pots. 

15.  Cars  and  coaches  of  any  description,  without  harness. 
IG.  Black  wax. 

17.  Beer  or  ale,  in  barrels,  bottles,  &c.,  and  all  classes  of  wines,  ex- 
cepting the  common  claret  already  mentioned  in  the  first  class. 

18.  Copper  in  sheets  of  any  weight. 

19.  Crucibles. 

20.  Brooms,  reed-mace,  and  mats. 

21.  Oakum,  rope-yarn,  and  felt  packing. 

22.  Iron  manufactured  into  sheets  or  in  small  rods,  not  mentioned  in 
tje  first  class  (rough  iron),  in  bedsteads,  in  curry-combs,  and  in  big 
chains,  in  safes;  nails;  kitchenfuruiture,  tinned  or  untinned:  large  and 
bulky  tools  for  agriculture,  stone-cutting,  and  mining,  sucn  as  hoes^ 
picks,  axes,  bars,  large  axes,  augers,  machete,  shovels,  big  hammers^ 
drilling  apparatus,  and  tin  or  tinned  irou  sheets. 

23.  Flour  made  from  wheat  or  any  other  grain,  tapioca,  and  arrow 
root. 

24.  Tools  for  blacksmiths,  carpenters,  masons,  stone-cutters,  shoe- 
makers, saddlers,  silversmiths,  tinsmiths,  and  miners. 

25.  Bone,  not  in  powder,  and  unmanufactured  horn. 

26.  Common  or  ordinary  rosin  or  tallow  soap. 

27.  Jasper  and  lithography  stones,  filtering  stones,  and  flint. 

28.  Earthenware  in  crates  and  barrels. 

29.  Hops  and  cork. 

30.  Iron  hoops  for  wheels,  car- wheels,  axles,  springs,  and  cones. 

31.  Wooden  cocks  for  casks  and  barrels. 

32.  Machinery,  the  total  weight  of  which  does  not  exceed  1,000  kilo- ' 
grams. 

33.  Wicks  for  lamps,  candles,  &c. 

34.  Common  straw  and  reeds  not  manufactured. 

35.  Colored  paper  used  for  printing  purposes. 

36.  Wrapping  paper. 

37.  Tanned  and  untanned  skins  not  manufactured. 

38.  Iron  rammers  imported  for  mining  purposes. 

39.  Slates  and  slate  pencils. 

40.  Unmanufactured  lead. 

41.  Gunpowder  for  mines,  and  fuses  for  same. 

42.  Wooden  doors,  windows,  rails,  blinds,  balusters,  pipes  and  pillars, 
or  of  auy  other  matter  for  buildings,  gardens,  cemeteries,  &c. 

43.  Tower  clocks,  including  the  dials  and  bells. 

44.  Wooden  oars. 

45.  Hemp  or  canvas  bags,  or  bags  of  other  texture  coarser  than  can- 
vas, for  packing  export  products. 

46.  Empty  hemp,  flax,  or  heniquen  bags,  tarred  or  untarred,  with  or 
without  water-proof  paper. 

47.  Saltpeter  and  nitric  salt. 

48.  Empty  earthen  and  other  jarsfor  packing. 

49.  Varnished  hemp  cloth  for  country  houses  and  bridges. 

50.  Colored  cement  for  building. 

51.  Writing  ink. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         421 

52.  Wooden,  earthen,  metal,  and  clay  pipes,  hose  and  gutters  for 
pumps,  canals  and  roofs,  life  buoys,  and  manufactured  rubber  for  ma- 
cliinery  and  floors,  excepting  hose  for  fire-engines. 

53.  Plain  glass,  without  mercury. 

Anvils,  blocks,  and  iron  motors,  tarred  rope,  and  large  bellows  for 
forges. 

THIRD  GLASS. 

Pays  a  duty  of  20  cents  per  kilogram. 

1.  Steel  bars  or  rods  for  manufacturing  purposes  and  drilling  ma- 
chines. 

2.  "  Florida,''  "  Dirina,''  and  Elananga  waters. 

3.  Alabaster  in  any  shape. 

4.  Prepared  food,  like  salmon,  hams  in  tins,  &c.,  sweetmeats,  pre- 
served fruits,  &c.,  pickles,  and  all  classes  of  seasoning. 

5.  Anise-seed. 

G.  Harness  for  coaches  and  carts. 

7.  Sulphur  and  alum. 

8.  Common  glue,  varnishes,  brushes,  blacking,  powdered  and  prepared 
paints  and  linseed  oil. 

9.  Scales  in  which  up  to  100  kilograms  can  be  weighed  at  a  time. 

10.  Trunks  made  from  any  material. 

11.  Common  bone,  x)orcelain,  rubber  and  wooden  buttons,  without  any 
cover.  # 

12.  Any  bone  buttons. 

13.  Pitch,  not  mentioned  in  any  other  class. 

14.  Candles,  of  any  quality,  and  oil  soap. 

15.  Color  boxes  and  pencils. 

16.  Flax,  or  cotton  manufactured  into  reins,  fishing  lines,  rigging, 
packing  thread,  and  flax  canvas. 

'  17.  Flax  rope,  not  mentioned  in  any  other  class,  and  cotton  canvas. 

18.  Pasteboard  of  any  kind,  except  in  playing  cards,  which  pertain 
to  the  fifth  class. 

19.  Boot  and  horse  brushes. 

20.  Osier  baskets. 

21.  Unmanufactured  copper,  copper  pans,  or  any  other  article  made 
of  copper  weighing  more  than  25  kilograms.  (See  Ko.  18  of  second 
class.) 

22.  Cork  in  boards. 

23.  Crystal  and  glass  in  any  form  not  mentioned  in  another  class, 
not  in  jewelry  and  bugles,  in  which  form  it  belongs  to  the  fifth  class. 

24.  Drugs  and  medicines,  comprising  saffron,  powdered  mustard,  the 
alkalies,  and  salts  of. 

25.  Small  looking-glasses  up  to  25  centimeters. 

26.  Stearine,  sperm,  white  and  yellow  wax  in  cakes. 

27.  Iron  manufactured  into  wire,  rings,  hinges,  and  screws. 

28.  Woodeu  matches. 

29.  Bellows  of  any  kind  excepting  the  large  ones,  which  pertain  to 
the  second  class. 

30.  Uncovered  trees  and  bows  for  saddles. 

31.  Flax  thread  for  shoemakers,  bristles,  eyelets,  metal  nails  and 
screws,  and  flax  in  ribbons  and  girths. 

32.  Tools  for  arts  and  industries  not  specified,  comprising  lasts,  meas- 
ures, &c.,  of  any  matter,  and  the  elastic  cloth. 

33.  Images  for  churches  and  chapels,  statues  and  busts  of  any  kind. 


422         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

34.  Mathematical  and  surgical  iDStruments. 

35.  Musical  instruments  (not  toys). 

36.  Liquids  of  any  class,  except  perfumery  pertaining  to  the  fifth 
<)la8s. 

37.  Earthenware  of  any  shape  and  matter,  except  that  coming  in 
crates  and  barrels,  and  the  uncovered  buttons. 

38.  Marble  and  Jasper,  not  in  paving  stones  or  bricks,  nor  in  lithog- 
raphy stones ;  the  frames,  moldings,  and  ornaments  for  furniture,  and 
wooden  veneers ;  organs  not  intended  for  churches. 

39.  Furniture  of  all  classes  with  the  exception  of  looking-glasses, 
which  belong  to  the  fourth  class  of  the  tariff,  and  the  mattresses,  cush- 
ions and  other  luxury ;  ornaments  coming  alone  correspond  to  the  class 
to  which  the  principal  matter  of  which  they  are  made  belongs;  the  cover 
of  said  ornaments  is  considered  to  be  the  principal  matter  of  which  they 
are  made. 

40.  Paper  for  writing,  marble^  for  hangings,  gilt,  silvered,  and  in  any 
other  form  not  mentioned. 

41.  Combs  for  horses. 

42.  Petroleum,  kerosene  or  mineral  oil,  and  naphtha. 

43.  Lead  manufactured  in  any  form  excepting  in  toys,  which  belong 
to  the  fourth  class,  and  in  ingots  intended  for  mining  purposes,  which 
belong  to  the  first  class. 

44.  TobaC'CO  in  leaf,  and  chewing  tobacco. 

45.  Common  cloth,  prepared  or  varnished,  for  fioors,  and  common  oil- 
cloth for  coaches ;  oilcloth  for  table  covers  oelongs  to  the  fifth  class. 

46.  Stationery,  not  mentioned  herein  before. 

47.  Gypsum  or  plaster  of  Paris  in  any  form,  except  that  mentioned 
in  No.  16,  of  special  class. 

48.  Unmanufactured  zinc. 

FOURTH   CLASS. 

Pays  40  cents  per  Mlogram. 

1.  Manufactured  steel  not  mentioned  in  any  other  place,  nor  in  jew- 
elry, which  belongs  to  the  fifth  class. 

2.  Cotton,  manufactured  in  white  and  colored  thread  and  in  any  form, 
in  blue  fulas  (a  sort  of  thin,  common  cloth  of  a  dark-blue  color),  in 
white  or  unbleached  plain  cloths  without  embroidery,  sewing,  or  colors 
like  those  known  as  "domestics,"  "calico,''  "lencillo,''  "shirtings,'^  and 
the  like,  excepting  muslins,  drills,  and  lawns,  figured  cloths,  socks,  caps, 
undershirts,  ready-made  articles. 

3.  Arms  of  any  class. 

4.  Bronze,  manufactured  in  any  form. 

5.  Crude  and  manufactured  rubber  in  any  form,  except  in  cloths  and 
jewelry,  which  belongs  to  the  fifth  class,  and  elastic  boots,  which  be- 
longs to  the  third  class.  (For  rubber  prepared  for  machinery  and  for 
floors  and  in  pipes  or  hose,  see  No.  52  of  the  second  class.) 

6.  Copper,  manufactured  in  any  form,  except  in  jewelry  and  in  caps 
for  fire-arms  (which  belong  to  the  fifth  class),  and  in  forms  not  men- 
tioned in  any  of  the  above  classes. 

7.  Hunting  guns. 

8.  Looking-glasses  measuring  more  than  25  centimeters. 

9.  Tin  in  any  form^  except  solder  in  bars. 

10.  Manufactured  iron,  in  forms  not  designated  in  any  other  class. 
Wax  matches. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  42S 

12.  Toys,  inolading  perambolators,  and  velocipedes,  and  gymnastia 
goods. 

13.  Paints  and  portraits  of  any  class  and  matter. 

14.  Blank  books,  ruled  or  unruled,  and  pocket-books. 

15.  Wood,  paste,  rubber,  zinc,  and  any  other  metal  in  forms  not  des* 
ignated  before,  not  in  jewelry,  and  in  caps  for  fire-arms. 

16.  Implements,  materials,  and  machinery  for  photographers. 

17.  Written  music.    Printed  music  belongs  to  the  first  class. 

18.  Gunpowder,  not  mentioned  in  another  class  nor  in  fireworks,  in 
which  form  they  belong  to  the  fifth  class. 

19.  Clock. 

20.  Tea. 

21.  Flax  cloths  and  thread,  white  or  colored,  not  hereinbefore  men- 
tioned. 

22.  Implements,  machinery,  and  materials  for  dentists. 

23.  Sporting  implements  not  previously  mentioned. 

FIFTH  GLASS. 

Pays  60  eenU  per  kilogram. 

1.  Arms  and  munitions  of  war,  fine  flax  cloths,  like  white  or  striped 
jeans,  long  lawns,  &c.,  as  well  as  ^^guingas"  imitating  linen  or  cotton 
<doths  of  a  similar  width. 

2.  Spirits  like  brandy,  cognac,  rum,  gin,  whisky,  &c. 

3.  ^1  articles  not  excepted  in  the  preceding  articles,  and  those  not 
mentioned  as  belonging  to  them. 

SPECIAL  CLASS. 

1.  Salt,  the  duties  of  which  are  60  cents  for  import  on  each  12^  kilo- 
grams. 

2.  Boots  for  men,  ready-made  clothing,  excepting  socks,  undershirts, 
and  drawers,  wooden  furniture  of  any  kind,  and  manufactured  saddlery 
goods,  on  which  there  is  an  extra  tax  of  25  per  cent,  on  the  total  duties 
calculated  as  fifth  class  of  the  tariff. 

W.  P.  SMITH, 

OomuL 
United  States  Oonsulate, 

OarthagenOj  Novemoer  1, 1882. 


424  TABIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   C0UNTBIE8. 


ARGEKTIKB    RBPUBIilC. 
TABIFF  07  THE  ABGEHTIHE  BEPXFBLIG— 1881. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  BAKER,  OF  BUENOS  ATRES. 

The  following  is  a  trauslation  of  the  Argentine  tariff  for  the  year  1881. 
which  I  transmit  to  the  Department  of  State  as  a  matter  of  general 
interest  to  those  trading  witb  this  republic. 

CUSTOM-HOUSE  LAW. 

Articlk  I.  All  foreign  mercbandise  shall  pay  a  dnty  of  25  per  cent,  upon  its  valua- 
tion, except  the  following  articles,  to  wit: 

Ist.  Fire-arn:8,  powder,  and  all  other  munitions  of  war,  which  shall  pay  a  duty  of 
50  per  cent. 

2d,  Alcohol,  beer,  liquors,  playing  cards,  boots  and  shoes,  ready-made  clothing,  and 
confections  in  geueral,  hats,  ornaments,  harness,  carriages,  perfumery,  tobacco,  cigars 
of  all  kinds,  snuff,  wines,  arms  and  fixtures,  and  powder  for  other  purposes  than  war, 
matches,  fire-works,  furniture,  and  objects  of  art,  which  shall  pay  a  duty  of  40  per 
cent. 

3d.  Sack-cloth ;  iron,  not  galvanized,  in  plates,  bars,  ingots  or  hoops ;  steam  engines; 
white  pine  and  spruce  (unworked),  aud  coarse  salt,  which  shall  pay  a  dnty  of  10  per 
cent. 

4th.  Stone  coal,  with  the  exception  of  that  used  for  the  mauufacture  of  gas:  jewelry ; 
worked  gold  and  silver;  silk  thread  and  fringe;  every  instrument  or  uuteusil  Laving  a 
handle  or  adorned  with  gold  or  silver,  when  these  increase  its  value  one-third;  plows; 
telegraph  and  fencing  wire;  staves  and  casks:  printed  books  in  paper,  pasteboard,  or 
cloth,  without  gold  edges;  printing  materials,  with  the  exception  of  types;  white 
printing  paper;  lithographic  presses;  threshing  machines  and  separators;  which  shall 
pay  a  duty  of  5  per  cent. 

5th.  Precious  stones  unset,  which  shall  pay  a  duty  of  2  per  cent. 

6th.  A  duty  of  $1.75  for  each  100  kilograms  of  wheat,  and  of  4  cents  for  each  kilo- 
ffram  of  flour,  and  the  same  duty  for  com  aud  corn-meal ;  a  duty  of  25  cents  for  each 
Kilogram  of  tea;  of  8  cents  for  each  kilogram  of  cofifee;  of  5  cents  for  each  kilogram 
of  starch;  of  5  cents  for  each  kilogram  of  yerba  (Paraguayan  tea);  of  7  cents  for  each 
kilogram  of  maccaroni;  and  of  9  cents  for  each  kilogram  of  crackers  or  biscuits. 

Art.  II.  The  introduction  of  the  following  articles  shall  be  free  of  duty,  viz :  Ma- 
chinery for  industrial  establishments  or  steamboats;  blooded  animals  for  breeding 
purposes;  fresh  fish;  fresh  fruit ;  furniture  and  tools  of  immigrants;  gold  and  silver 
coined  or  in  bullion;  live  plants;  iron  rails;  benches;  cross-ties;  spikes;  switches; 
turn-tables;  locomotives  ana  wheels  for  railways  or  tramways;  iron  pipes  (unpaint'Ca 
and  un^alvanized)  for  gas  or  water  which  have  at  least  70  millimeters  diameter; 
ouick-silver ;  frames  for  casks ;  drills  and  special  powder  for  mines;  seeds  which  iu 
the  opinion  of  the  executive  are  iutended  for  agricultural  pur]x>8es;  specifics  for  cur- 
ing sheep ;  church  adornments  asked  tor  by  ecclesiastics. 

Art.  III.  Every  class  of  products  and,  manufactures  shall  be  free  from  export  duty 
except  the  following,  viz:  Animal  oil;  horns  and  horn-piths;  jerked  beef;  bone 
ashes;  hair;  hide-cuttings;  tallow  and  suet;  bones;  unwtwhed  wool;  all  kind  of 
skins,  with  the  exception  of  washed  sheep-skins;  ostrich  feathers;  which  shall  pay 
a  duty  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  valuation. 

Art.  IV.  All  exemption  from  duty  for  imports  or  exports  is  hereby  prohibited,  ex- 
cept as  determined  by  the  present  law  or  by  contracts  made  antecedent  to  the  law. 

Art.  V.  The  duties  shall  be  liquidated  on  a  tariff  of  valuatiqna,  formed  on  the  basis 
of  the  true  value  of  the  articles  in  deposit,  in  regard  to  those  imported,  and  on  the 
market  value,  at  the  time  of  shipment,  of  those  exported. 

Duties  on  all  articles  of  imported  merchandise  not  included  in  the  tariff  of  valua- 
Uona  shall  be  liquidated  on  the  values  they  represent  in  deposit,  as  declared  by  those 
introducing  or  dispatching  them. 

Art.  VI.  After  a  period  of  forty-eight  hours,  counting  from  the  Inspection  of  the 
**  vista,"  the  custom-nouses  may  retain  for  account  of  the  national  treasury  all  arti- 
cles of  merchandise  whose  value,  as  declared,  is  considered  too  low,  paying  immedi- 
ately to  those  interested  the  amount  of  the  declared  value  with  10  per  cent,  added  in 


TUtlFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  425 

bills  omitted  by  the  administratioDs  of  tho  revenue,  at  90  days'  sight,  payable  in  the 
form  in  which  the  custom-honse  pays  its  duties. 

Art.  VII.  The  executive  of  the  nation  shall  designate  and  fix  the  values  of  the 
merchandise  and  products  which  are  included  in  the  tariff  referred  to  in  Article  V. 

Art.  VIII.  For  wines,  oils,  alcohols,  beer,  and  liquors  in  casks  there  shall  be  al- 
lowed a  leakage  of  10  per  cent,  if  they  come  from  ports  situated  the  other  side  of  the 
equator ;  and  of  6  per  cent,  if  from  ports,  situated  this  side,  but  no  leakage  will  be 
Allowed  if  from  ports  ''inside  the  capes''  (i.  e.,  in  the  River  Plate). 

There  shall  also  be  allowed  a  wastage  of  5  per  cent,  for  breakage  on  the  ubove- 
mentioned  articles  when  received  in  bottles. 

The  tare,  leakage,  and  breakage  on  other  articles  shall  be  fixed  in  the  tariff  of  vaU 
naiionB. 

Art.  IX.  The  duties  on  exports  shall  be  paid  at  the  first  point  of  shipment,  the  mer- 
ehandise  being  dispatched  directly  to  their  destination,  transshipment  from  one  point 
to  another  of  the  republic  not  being  allowed  except  where  the  duties  have  been  paid 
or  secured. 

Art.  X.  The  payment  of  import  duties^  where  they  exceed  the  amount  of  $200,  may 
be  made  by  bills  satisfactory  to  the  administrator  of  the  customs  on  stamped  paper  at 
90  days'  sight,  at  the  bank  rate  of  interest. 

Export  duties  shall  be  paid  in  cash  before  the  sailing  of  the  vessel  shipping  the  ar- 
ticles. 

Art.  XI.  The  payment  of  duties  imposed  by  custom-houses  may  be  made  in  each 
locality  in  the  moneys  which  have  been  declared  legal  tender  by  the  nation. 

Art.  XII.  It  is  prohibited  to  transship  into  the  interior  merchandise  which  has  not 
paid  duty  in  some  custom-house  of  the  republic,  except  as  follows : 

1st.  That  which  passes  de  transitu  through  the  ports  of  Concordia,  Federacion,  Paso 
de  los  Libros  destined  to  ports  in  Brazil  on  the  Uruguay  River. 

2d.  That  which  comes  from  Chili  through  the  province  of  Salta  for  the  custom-house 
of  Jujuy. 

3d.  That  which  passes  in  transit  from  the  custom-houses  of  Buenos  Ayres  and  Rosa- 
lio  to  thost;  of  Mendoza,  San  Juan,  Salta,  and  Jujuy,  and  firom  these  to  those  of  Bo- 
livia. 

Art.  XIII.  The  executive  is  authorized  to  establish  the  use  of  toma-guiaa  (deben- 
ture or  export  certificates)  provided  custom-house  agreements  can  be  made  with 
neighboring  countries. 

Art.  XIV.  The  present  law  shall  continue  in  force  during  the  year  1881. 

Art.  XV.  Let  it  be  communicated  to  the  executive. 

The  duties  established  by  the  foregoing  law  are  recharged  with  the 
addition  of  1  p^r  cent,  fixed  by  the  third  article  of  the  law  of  the  esti- 
mates (Ley  del pre8upu€8to)j  which  is  as  follows: 

Art.  III.  All  merchandise  and  products  which,  according  to  the  customs  law  of 
1881  are  subject  to  duty,  whether  of  import  or  export,  shaU  pay  an  additional  duty 
of  1  per  cent,  in  accordance  with  existing  laws. 

In  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  Articles  Y  and  VII  of  the 
foregoing  law,  the  Argentine  Oovemment  has  just  issued  from  the  press 
in  tabular  schedule  a  new  tariff  of  valuations  for  the  use  of  its  custom- 
house officials.  As  a  matter  of  convenience  to  American  merchants  en- 
gaged in  trade  with  this  country,  I  translate  and  transcribe  the  official 
values  of  such  articles  as  constitute  principally  the  exports  and  imports 
to  and  from  the  United  States. 


426 


TABIFF8   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTBIES. 


SZPOBT  Dunzs. 


▲rtlds. 


Oils: 

Animal 

KMtVfoot 

Ox  horns 

Bucks*  horns 

Salt  or  Jerked  beef 

Bone-uh 

Hslr 

Dried  beef 

ox  and  cow  hides 

ft  ox  and  cow  hidss 

Dry  kips 

Salt  kips 

Salt  kips  (onbom) 

Dry  kips  (onbom) 

Dry  ass  skins 

Salt  ass  skins 

Salt  horse  skins 

Dnr  borse  skins 

Salt  colt  skins 

Dry  sheepskins: 

Unwashed. 

Washed 

Salt  sheep  skins , 

Deerskins 

Goatsldns 

Kid  skins 

Nutria  skins 

Wolfskins 

Stag  skins 

Corpincho  skins 

Vicn  Da  skins 

Ostrich  skins 

Chinchilla  skins 

Ho;;  skins 

Lion  skins 

Tiger  skins 

Swan  skins 

Bisoacha  skins 

Fox  skins 

Hide-cattings 

Hare's  grease  or  oil 

Bones , 

Wool: 

Unwashed 

Washed 

ToDgaes,  salted  or  piokled 

Horn  piths 

Ostrich  feathers , 

Horn  points , 

Tallow : 

Melted 

Pressed , 

Baled  hay , 

Al£ftl&seed 


Unit. 


100  kilos.. 

...do 

Thousand 
1,000  kilos 
100  kilos.. 
1,000  kilos 
100  kilos.. 

...do 

Xaoh 

....do 

....do 

...do 

Kilo 

...do 

Bach 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Kilo 


...do 

...do 

do  ...:. 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Each 

Kilo 

...do 

...do 

Saoh 

...do 

...do 

Doaen  — 

do 

...do 

100  kilos.. 

...do 

1,000  kilos 


100  kilos.. 

..  do 

Kilo 

Thousand. 

KUo 

Thousand. 


100  kilos.. 

...do 

1,000  kilos 
Kilo 


Official 
▼slue. 


112  00 
14  00 
60  00 
20  00 
11  fiO 
16  60 
40  00 
10  00 


4 

5 


00 
50 
2  00 
2  50 
05 
25 
00 
SO 
80 
00 
05 


20 

25 

12.5 

50    I 

60    I 

20 

00 

70 

50 

00 

50 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

75 

00 

00 


Rate. 


Pr.«t. 


4 

5 
1 
1 
9 
2 

4 

6 

18  00 
18  05 

80  00 

85  00 

20 

25  00 

400 

700 

14  60 

900 

13  00 

.86 


6 
6 
6 


6 

« 
6 
6 
« 

6 

« 

0 

f 

0 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

5 

$ 


6 
0 
6 
$ 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


427 


IMPORT  DUTIBS. 


Artioltt. 


naphthft,  and  petn>l«am 


her  kinds 

thAmerioan. 


4 

torcniabed 


ndoraoken 

«f 

wk 


iM  in  boxes 

hen  in  boxes 

LOTS,  boxes  of  20  gross 

Msorted 

•,  preserred 

erred 


ih,  or  their  imitations,  in  jars 

her  kinds,  in  Jars 

rels 

d 


oom>meal 

rloe,  xye,  or  oats 


r 


i  milk. 


)d. 
lon 


[North  American) 


Bglish,  Batch,  and  analogoos- 


fcuoes  in  bottles, 
n  boxes 


American,  leaf 

ing 

ng 


in|>ackagc 
e,  &o 


DC, 

I  casks,  &o.,  from  34^  to  40^ 
fc  bitters,  in  bottles 


ties,  English,  German,  snd  Horweglaii. 
ks 


ka,nptolOo... 

ties 

tUes,  180  to  210. 
n  bottles 


ks,  port,  sherry,  mnscatel,  fto.. 
ties,  port,  sheny,  mosoatel,  fto 
ks,  table 


ties,  100  to  210. 
ks,18oto21o.. 


ying 


and  mixed,  white  or  colored,  for  writing 
1,  white 


I,  of  26  centimeters. 


Unit 


Liter 

KOo. 
....do 
....do 


.do 
do 
.do 
do 
do 
do 
.do 


....do 
...do 
Box.. 
Kilo. 
....do 
...do 


Dosen  .. 
...do... 
Kilo.... 
...do... 
lOOkUos 
KUo.... 


.do 
do 
.do 
do 
do 
.do 


Liter 
...do 
Kilo. 
...do 
...do 
...do 
do 


...do. 
...do. 
DoEen 
Box... 


Kilo.... 
...do... 
...do... 
100  kilos 


Package 
Kilo.... 
Liter... 
Dosen  .. 


...do 
Liter 


...do. 
Dosen 
Liter. 
Dosen 


Pipe.. 
Dosen 
Pipe.. 


Dosen 
Liter. 
Kilo.. 
Gross. 


Kilo. 
...do 
...do 


Official 
Talae. 

Rate. 

iV.et 

$0  07 

25 

19 

(•) 

1L5 

<•) 

11 

25 

18 

25 

18.5 

25 

U 

25 

18 

25 

27.6 

(*) 

18 

26 

18 

26 

425 

46 

1  70 

46 

1  40 

40 

65 

26 

37.5 

26 

50 

26 

1  75 

26 

100 

26 

17.5 

25 

0&5 

(*) 

800 

n 

17.5 

26 

20 

26 

10 

25 

55 

26 

65 

26 

55 

26 

80 

25 

26 

26 

13 

26 

35 

26 

55 

26 

14 

26 

06 

25 

55 

25 

65 

25 

50 

25 

8  00 

25 

36 

26 

80 

40 

40 

40 

100 

40 

4  00 

(*) 

40 

26 

24 

26 

14 

40 

10  00 

40 

225 

40 

1  50 

40 

25 

40 

8  75 

40 

15 

40 

100 

26 

180  00 

40 

560 

40 

45  00 

40 

4  00 

40 

34 

40 

18 

25 

16  00 

25 

60 

^ 

27.5 

26 

16 

26 

26 

26 

*Speoiilo. 


I 


428 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Import  duties — Continued. 


Articles. 


Paper— ContlDned. 

Brown,  of  30  centimeters 

Brown,  Isrger  than  80  centimeters 

For  bags 

Sideboards : 

Common,  of  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnnt 

Mediom,  of  mahogany,  oalc,  or  walnat 

Fine,  of  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnat 

Two  parta,  common,  of  mahogany,  oak,  or  wslnnt. 

Two  parts,  medium,  of  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnat . 

Three  parts,  fine,  of  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnat. . . . 
Piano  stools : 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnnt 

Rosewood 

Paintod ' 

Foot-stods : 

Ordinary : 

Fine 

Bosewood 

Bednteads : 

Single,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnat  (common) 

Single,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  medium 

Single,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnnt,  fine 

Single,  rosewood,  ordinary 

Single,  rosewood,  medinm 

Single,  rosewood,  fine 

Double,  ordinary  to  medinm 

Double,  fine 


Double,  rosewood 


Chiffoniers : 

Painted,  oak  or  walnnt,  ordinary 

Painted,  oak  or  walnut,  fine 

Bosewood,  ordinary 

Kosewood,  fine 

Commodes : 

Mahogany,  oak;  or  walnut,  ordinary 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  medium 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  fine 

Bosewood,  ordinary 

Bosewood.  mediuni 

Bosewood,  fine 

Writing-desks: 

Painted,  ordinary 

Mahogsny,  oak,  or  walnut,  ordinary 

•  Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  fine 

Bosewood.  medinm 

Bosewood,  fine 

Secretaries: 

Large,  painted,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  medium 

Large,  painted,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  fine 

Book-cases : 

Painted,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  medium 

Painted,  mahogany,  oak,  or  widnut,  fine 

Bosewood,  medium 

Bosewood,  fine 


Washstands : 

Small,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  common 


Small,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  fine 

Large,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  common 

Lai^e,  mahogany ,  oak,  or  walnut,  medium 

Large,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  fine /. 

Large,  rosewood,  common 

Large,  rosewood,  medium 

Large,  rosewood,  fine 

Center-tables : 

Small,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  common 

Small,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnnt,  medinm 

Small,  rosewood 

Commodes : 

Bosewood 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  common 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  medium 

Mahogany,  on  k,  or  walnut,  fine : 

Dining-tabies,  extension : 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  common 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut^  medium 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  fine 

Mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  North  American 


XJnitr 


Kilo. 
...do 


Each 
..  do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 


.do 

.do 

do 

.do 
.do 
.do 

do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 

.do 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 
do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 

do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


Oflldal 
Talne. 


\ 


\ 


$0  85 
19 
15 

25  00 

85  00 

42  00 

45  00 
60  00 

100  00 

260 
350 
2  00 

80 
1  20 
140 

25  00 
83  00 

46  00 
80  00 
38  00 
52  00 
82  00 
55  00 

40  00 
to 

66  00 

22  00 
32  00 

27  00 
44  00 

850 
10  00 
17  00 

12  00 
17  00 
22  00 

800 

13  00 

21  00 
16  00 
82  00 

28  00 
50  00 

25  00 

41  00 
32  00 
60  00 

500 
to 

10  00 
20  00 

22  50 

86  00 
48  00 
30  00 

43  00 
57  00 

1  50 

2  50 
4  00 

6  00 
4  00 
6  00 
950 

16  00 
24  00 
38  00 

11  00 


Bite. 


f 


40 

40 

40 
40 
40 
40 

40 

40 
40 


40 
40 
40 

40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 

40 


40 
40 
40 
40 

40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 

40 
40 
40 
40 
40 

40 
40 

40 
40 
40 
40 


} 


iO 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 
40 
40 


40 
40 
40 
40 

40 
40 
40 
40 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEYEBAL  COUMTBIES. 


429 


Import  diittea— Continued. 


Artidtt. 


Unit 


Official 
▼alae. 


Kate. 


Pr.et 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 


»: 

at  glaas,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walxrat,  ordinary. 

at  fflass,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnut,  medium  . 

atglaaa,  mahogany,  oak,  or  walnat,  fine 

at  glass,  rosewood,  ordinary 

at  glass,  itwewood,  medium 

at  glass,  rosewood,  fine 

)  doors,  with  glass,  $14  additional  to  aboTe. . . . 


Sach 
...do 
...do 
...do 

do 

...do 
...do 


American,  painted,  ordinary 

American,  painted,  split  bottom,  ordinary. 


Dosen. 
...do. 


American,  painted,  hair-cloth,  ordinary 


Aiwi^TiftAn^  painted,  dining,  ordinary 

American,  painted,  dining,  hair-doth,  oak,  or  walnnt, 
lary. 

American,  painted,  dining,  hair-doth,  mahogany,  or 
lat,  ordinary. 

American*  painted,  dining,  hair-doth,  mahogany, 
lam. 

American,  painted,  dining,  hair-cloth,  mahogany,  fine, 
nitore: 

American,  of  oak,  walnut,  consisting  of  bedstead, 
node,  washstand,  table,  towd-rack,  four  chairs,  rock* 
>hair,  Sco..  common, 
irith  wardrobe 


.do 

.do 
.do 


...do 
...do 
...do 
Set  .. 


.do 


,  common 

.medium 

,flne 

D  (doable  valae  to  the  above) . 

D  their  declared  value 

dressed,  &o 

IS,  dressed,  &c 

IS,  dressed,  fto 

,  dressed,  &o 

dressed,  4ms 


Each 
...do 


Kilo.. 

Each.. 

Dozen 

Each.. 

Dosen 


lOfmnon 


ine. 


8P 


^rriage,  common  to  fine 


do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


en,  common  to  fine... 
Bmen,  common  to  fine. 


Bach. 
....do 


sformen,  ordinary 

«for  men,  fine 

s  for  ladies,  with  or  without  dastios,  ordinary. 
8  for  ladies,  with  or  without  dastics,  medium. . 
a  for  ladies,  with  or  withoqt  elastics,  fine 


Dozen 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 


s  for  children,  wltii  or  without  dastios . 

i,  for  men  (according  to  quality) 

,for  men 

,  for  ladies 


,  Chiokering,  Steinway,  Sec,  flat  . 
m.  Chlokermff,  Steinway,  Ac.,  flat 
Cntokering,  Stei]|way,  Ac,  flat. . . 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Each. 

...do 

....do 


$23  50 
80  00 
40  00 
82  00 
44  00 
65  00 


{ 


i 

{ 
{ 

{ 


{ 
{ 

{ 


520 
860 
12  UO 
to 
25  50 
18  50 
15  50 

88  00 

60  00 

06  00 

60  00 


65  00 

28  00 
88  00 
42  00 


2  00 

600 

14  00 

2  50 
14  00 

8  00 
to 

7  00 

11  00 
to 

18  00 

6  00 

to 
40  00 

5  00 

to 
27  00 

10  00 

to 

17  00 
13  00 

to 

17  00 

25  00 
40  00 

12  00 
16  00 
24  00 

3  00 
to 

8  00 
30  00 

to 
60  00 

18  00 
to 

20  00 

12  00 

to 

20  00 

700  00 
660  00 
860  00 


! 


40 
40 

40 

40 
40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 
40 
40 
40 
25 
25 
2& 
25 
25 
25 

25^ 

25- 


I 

I    26- 
I    40 


\ 
] 


40 

40 

40^ 

40 

40 

40 

40- 

40 

40 


25 
25 
25. 


430 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIEa 


Import  dnHei — Continned. 


Article. 


PiMios: 

Gniod,  Chlokering,  Steininiy,  fto.,  perpendioolAr... 

Medinm,  Chlokerinff,  Steinw»y,  &o.«  perpendienlM'. 

SnuJl,  Chickering,  Stelnway,  &o.,  perpendioalar  ... 

Jewelry,  on  the  declared  valne 

Watobee,  on  the  declared  valne 

Clocks,  on  the  declared  Talne 

American,  of  wood  or  sine 


American,  eight-day. 


Crystals  for  watches 

Tar,  North  American 

Bensine,  North  American 

Soein,  North  American 

Chrome,  North  American 

Essence  of  peppermint,  North  American 

QasoUne,  North  American 

Bed  potama.  North  American 

Tobacco  for  sheep-wash .- 


Unit. 


Bach 

...do 

....do 


Bach 


.do 


Tmeses 


Plows: 

North  American,  common 

North  American,  saperior 

Hoos: 

Withoat  handles,  common 

Withont  handles,  steel,  superior 

Hinces: 

Iron. 

Bronze 

Pamps  for  wells,  cisterns,  and  Tessels,  on  the  dedlated  valne 
Hanalee: 

For  hatchets,  picks,  spades,  orhoea 

For  scythes 

For  hammers 

Bells: 

Brass 

Table,  ordinary 

Table,  raediam 

Horse-collars 

Padlocks: 

Iron,  ordinary 

Iron,  fine -. 

Pipes: 

Lead,  zinc,  or  composition 

Rubber 

Stone  coal: 

For  gas .• 

For  other  parposes 

Charcoal,  on  the  declared  valne 

Bolts  or  locks,  combinationf  on  the  declared  Taliie 

Locks: 

With  keys,  common 


With  keys,  other  kinds 


Bolts,  iron 

NaUs: 

Iron 

Oalvanized 

Cooking  stoves,  on  the  declared  valne. 

Coke 

XniTee  and  forks: 

Table,  ordinary 

Table,  ebony  handles 

Table,  imitation  ivory  handles 

Dessert,  imitation  ivory  handles. . . 

Trowels,  mason's 

Spoons: 

Iron - 

Pewter 

White  metal 

QermansilTer 

Electro-plate,  common 

Electro-plate,  medinm 

Electro>plate,  fine 


100... 
Kilo. 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
Liter 
Kilo. 
...do 


Official 
ralae. 


$350  00 
800  00 
250  00 


{ 


Each 


.do 
.do 


Kilo. 
...do 


.do 
do 


Dosen 
...do. 
...do. 


\ 


KUo.. 

Dozen 

...do. 

...  do. 


KUo. 
...do 


100  kilos 
Kilo.... 


1,000  kUos 
do 


Kilo 


do 


Dozen 


lOOUlos 
..do... 


1,000  kilos 


Dozen 
....do. 
....do. 
...do. 
Kilo.. 


.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


{ 


Bats- 


2  00 
8  00 
to 
600 
1  50 

05.51 

10 

05.5 

04.5 
7  00 

00 

20 

12. 

1  00 
to 

2  00 

400 
10  00 

13 
19 

18 
80 


I 
5 
1 

1 
2 
4 


20 
00 
00 

00 
00 
50 


40 
70 

1400 
50 

12  00 
10  00 


40 
1  00 
to 
3  00 
120 

8  00 
13  00 


16  00 

70 
1  50 
00 
70 
70 

24 
80 
100 
260 
200 
260 
600 


i 


lb 

06 
05 

25 


15 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 

as 


05 
05 

25 
25 

25 
25 
25 

25 
25 
25 

25 
25 
25 
25 

25 
25 

25 
25 

25 
05 
05 
25 


\ 


25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 


TABIFF8  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUMTBIES. 


431 


Import  <iii<ie9-*Continned. 


Artide. 


en: 


TTnii. 


Official 
Tftlne. 


Rate. 


\ 


$6  00 

to 

10  00 


s 


Pr.eL 

25 

25 

25 
25 
25 
25 
10 
25 

25 
25 
86 
25 
25 
35 


25 
25 
25 

10 
35 
25 
25 

25 
25 

26 
25 

06 

25 
26 
25 

25 

25 

25 


ssqfuu^ea: 

iry 

m  declared  valoe. . . 
r's  awU  or  pnnchee 

boe-pegs 

ra,  platee,  Ac 


eren,  on  declared  Talne 


.  for  butchers 

tnt  handles ^ 

handles 

handles,  fine 

>tton,  for  sewing  sails 

re-place: 

pieces,  ordinary 

nieces,  poUshed  iron 

pieces,  bronze 

pieces,  other  kinds,  on  declared  Talne. 


•  pineorspmoe 

i  pine  or  sprace,  worked. 


It,  cherry,  or  maple .* . 

machines: 

American 

American,  without  wxlnger. 


itter  making 

itter  making,  large. 


owing. 


inding  com,  large, 
inding  com,  small 

g 


g,  with  table,  according  to  quality. 

with  or  without  handles 

s,  small 


i  pulleys; 

on 

lor 


:ines,  on  declared  value 
opes  of  cotton 


im 


for  shoemakers . . 
for  shoemakers. 

carpenters 

lbs 


rae) 


M. 


M,  polished . 
igton 


I: 

iTolTsrs,  small. 

»TolTers,  large . 


Dozen 


Hundred. 
Barrel... 
100  kilos. 


Kilo.... 
— do ... 
Dozen  .. 
— do  ... 
...do... 
100  kilos 


Set 


.do 
.do 


Square  meter 
...do 


do 
.do 


Saoh 
...do 


.do 
.do 

do 

do 
do 
do 


...do. 

Kilos. 
Dozen 


Centimeter 
...do 


100  kilos 


Saoh 

...do 

...do 


lOOkUos 
...do... 
Dozen .. 
Kilo.... 


Sach. 


100  kilos 
Dozen  .. 


{ 


Bach. 
....do 


Thousand. 
do 


[rbines,  rifles,  Ac. 


do 
.do 


8  60 


1  40 
5  00 
5  00 


85 
60 
00 
50 
00 


70  00 

80 

1  20 

2  00 


40 
45 
50 

1  00 

16  00 
18  00 

2  00 

3  00 
100  00 

to 

130  00 

20  00 

5  00 

10  00 

20  00 

to 
60  00 
80 

4  00 
to 

8  00 

02 
06 


60  00 

15  00 
11  00 

7  00 

11  00 

60  00 

280 

50 

16  00 
to 

18  00 
10  00 

5  60 

200 

10  00 

6  00 
600 

to 

8  00 

11  00 
to 

14  00 
20  00 


i 
I 


i 


25 
25 
25 


25 

25 
25 
25 
25 


06 
05 

60 

60 

40 

40 

40 
40 


432 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Import  dMtie9    Contiimed. 


Artlele. 


Shotgims: 

One-bwrel 

Two-bAirel 

Two-bwiel,  oentral  Are,  ocdiiuuy 

Two-bMTel,  oflotnl  fli«,  medium. 

Two-bAcrei,  oentnJ  flre^  fine 

PUtols: 

One-barrel 

Two-b«rrel 


Revolven,  Moording  to  quality 


Powder 


Alemaneeqnee,  or  nnbleaohed  ootton : 

00  to  70  centimeters 

135  to  165  oentimeten 

Brill ian tinea,  ootton: 

To  00  oentimetera,  common 

To  00  centimeters,  medium 

To  90  centimeters,  fine 

Bombasines : 

Worked,  to  70  centimeters,  common 

Worked,  to  70  centimeters,  modlom 

Worked,  to  70  centimeters,  fine 

Plain,  to  70  centimeters,  common 

Plain,  to  70  centimeters,  medium 

Plain,  to  70  cen  timeters,  fine 

Bhcetinf^: 

Linen,  85  centimeters,  common 

Linen,  85  centimeters,  fine %. 

Lmen,  for  ooTcrs,  to  100  centimeters 

Cotton,  white  or  colored 

Ticking: 

Cotton,  any  width 

Mixed,  130  to  170  centimeters,  common 

Mixed,  ISO  to  170  centimeters,  fine 

Mixed,  130  to  170  centimeters,  superior 

Cambric : 

Cotton,  white  or  colored,  common. 

Cotton,  white  or  colored,  fine 


Cotton,  white  or  colored,  superior. 

)rea 


Cretons 


Cretons,reps 

Damask: 

Cotton,  120  to  150  centimeters 

Mixed,  120  to  150  centimeters 

Drilling,  cotton 

Flannel: 

Mixed,  to  75  centimeters,  ordinary. 

Mixed,  to  75  centimeters,  medium . 


Wool. 


Mixed  goods : 

Cotton,  wool,  and  silk  for  clothing,  common. 

Cotton,  wool,  and  silk  for  clothing,  fine 

Cotton  and  silk  for  clothing,  common 

Cotton  and  silk  for  clothing,  medium 

Cotton  and  sil  k  for  clothing,  fine    

Cotton  and  silk  for  clothing,  superior 

Grenadines : 

Cotton,  65  centimeters,  common 

Cotton,  65  centimeters,  medium 

Cotton,  65  centimeters,  fine 

Canvas  for  bags,  85  to  95  centimeters 

Duck,  North  American,  Noe.  1  to  10 

Canvas  duck  for  sails.  North  American 

Checks,  cotton 

Merlnoe: 

Cotton,  80  to  100  centimeters 

Cotton  and  wool,  100  centimeters 


Unit 


Oflleial 
▼alue. 


Dimity,  cotton,  white  or  colored i. 

PriDts,  cotton,  white  or  colored 

Kankin.  cotton,  white  or  colored 

Table  cloths,  on  declared  yalue 


Each 
...do 
...do 


Pair. 
...do 


Each 
Kilo. 


Meier. 
...do. 


.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


...do 
...do 
-  do 
Kilo. 


...do. 
Meter. 
...do. 
...do. 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


Meier. 
...do. 


...do 
..  do 
Kilo. 


Meter. 
...do  . 


do 
do 


Meter. 

...do. 

..do. 

...do. 


...do 
..do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
..  do 
Kilo. 


i 


I 


Meter. 
....do. 


1  80 

300 

800 

UOO 

82  00 

1  50 
250 

2  00 
to 

18  00 

0  00 
to 

1  20 


Pr.eL 

40 
40 
40 
40 
40 


18 
28 

10 

12.5 

17.6 

12 
16 
28 
10 
13 
18 

14 
16 
25 


27.61 

36 

45 

11 

14    I 
25 

12.6 

50 

06 


0  16 
to 
040 
60 

85 
46 


17.5 

21 
022 
to 

0  42 

18 
25 
11 
15 
25 
40 

10 
16 
25 
11 
86 
22 

1  40 

13 
18 


\ 


40 
40 

40 


i 


26 
25 

25 
26 
26 

25 
26 
26 
26 
25 
26 

25 
26 
26 
25 

25 
25 
25 
25 

25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
26 
25 

26 

25 

25 
25 

25 

25 
25 


l" 


25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 

25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 

26 
26 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


433 


Import  duties — Continued. 


Article. 


Hnalins: 

Cotton,  to  75  centimeten,  mediiini 

Cotton,  75  centimeten,  fine 

Cotton,  to  13*2  centimeten,  medinm  .... 

Cotton,  182  centimeten,  fine ^. 

Cotton,  to  165  centimeten,  medinm  — 

Cotton.  165  ooitimeten,  fine 

Wool,  black orcolond 


Stoeldngs,  cotton,  •ocording  to  qnality. 


Socks,  cotton . 


Orgsndies,  cotton,  80  to  100  oeniimetfln,  fine 

Cloth: 

Wool  and  cotton,  plain  or  gray,  for  soldien'  dothing,  medinm 

wool  and  cotton,  plain  or  my,  tat  soldien'  dotmng,  fine. 

Wool,  plain  or  gny,  for  soldien*  clothing,  medinm 

Wool,  plain  or  gny,  for  sddien' clothing,  fine 

Towelhigs: 

Cotton,  1  meter  long,  common 

Cotton,  1  meter  long,  medinm 

Cotton,  1  meter  long,  fine 

Hixpd,  1  meter  long,  common 

Mixed,  1  meter  long,  medinm 

liized,  Imeterlong,  fine 

Domestics 

Dnwen: 

Beady^made,  for  women,  cotton,  common 

Seady-made,  forwomen,  cotton,  fine 

Beady*made,  for  men,  cotton,  common 

Beady-made,  for  men,  fine 

Undenmrts: 

Flannd  or  mixed,  common '. 

iFlannd  or  mixed,  medinm 

Flannel  or  mixed,  fine 

Cotton  or  mixed,  common 

Cotton  or  mixed,  medinm 

Cotton  or  mixed,  fine 


Crimean,  according  to  quality. 


Shirts,  white  cotton,  aooording  to  quality. 

OoUan: 

Ordinary 


For  ladies 


Pantaloons,  men's 


Sack  coats,  men's 


Suits  for  men,  wool. 
Needles: 

Ordinary  to  fine 


Crochet 

Pins: 

In  papen  of  1,000  to  1,600 
lA  papen  of  1,600  to  3,400. 


Alhums  for  photognphs . 


Spectacles. 


Open  glasses. 


Field  or  sea  glasses 

1784  CONO — A.  P- 


-28 


Unit 


Meter 

...do. 

...do. 

...do. 


Squan  meter 
Dosen 


...do. 
Meter 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


Dosen 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
Kilo.. 


Dosen 
...do. 
...do. 


Dosen 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 


.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 


Each. 


.do 


.do 


Thousand 
Gross 


Packet. 
...do.. 


Dosen 


.do 


.do 


.do 


Official 
Talue. 


fO  10 
12.51 
17 
25 
25 
82 
80 
0  80 
to 
4  50 
0  75 
to 
4  00 
80 


60 
76 
00 
25 


85 
50 
00 
60 
00 
800 
80 


1 
2 
1 
2 


600 

10  00 

800 

800 

7  00 
12  00 
20  00 

2  00 

8  50 

7  00 
800 

to 

20  00 

4  00 

to 

8  00 

1  60 

2  00 
to 

7  00 

1  00 
to 

2  00 
4  00 

to 

6  00 

7  00 
to 

15  00 

0  25 
to 

120 

1  00 

20 

25 

1  00 

to 

42  00 

1  00 

to 

400 

15  00 

to 

48  00 

60  00 

to 

120  00 


Bate. 


P.eL 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 


25 


25 

25 

25 
25 
25 
25 

25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 

40 
40 
40 
40 

40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 

40 


40 

40 
40 

40 

40 

40 

25 

25 

25 
25 

25 
25 
25 
25 


434 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Im]^ofi  duUea — Continaed« 


Axtiole. 


PenlmiTM: 

Bodgera  and  othera,  one  bUde 

Bodgen  and  others,  two-blade 

Bodgen  and  others,  foiir*Uade . . . . 
Thread: 

Cotton,  in  spools  of  4C  meters 

Cotton,  In  spools  of  02  meters 

Cotton,  in  spools  of  188meters 

Cotton,  in  spools  of  184  meters  . ... 

Cotton,  ftmn  Na  10  to  80,  in  olews. 

Cotton,  from  Na  40  to  45,  in  clews . 


Soaps,  fimoy,  according  to  quality 


Lead-penoils,  according  to  quality 

Lamps: 

Glass,  for  kerosene,  according  to  qoality. 


Glass,  large,  for  kerosene,  according  to  quality 

Glass,  Tcry  large,  for  kerosene,  on  the  dedaied  valae. 


BiEs  of  exhange 
Blank  books  — 
Umbrellas : 

Cotton 

Wool,  mixed 


Silk,  according  to  quality. 


Paper : 

White,  for  printing 

White,  for  Dook  ooTors 

Writing,  of  all  kinds 

Linen,  writing,  of  all  kinds. 


Wall,  according  to  quality. . 

« 

Steel  pens,  according  to  quality 


Penholders,  according  to  quality 

Snuff 

Suspenders 

Chandeliers : 

For  gas  or  kerosene  ...' 


Crystal,  gas  or  kerosene. 


Brackets  for  gas 


Unit. 


Dosen 

....do. 

....do. 


...do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
....do.. 
Paquet 


Kilo 


Gross. 


Dosen 


....do 

...do 

Thousand.. 
Kilo 


Each. 
...do 


.do 


Kilo. 
...do 
...do 
...do 


.do 


Gross. 


...do. 
Kilo.. 
Boaen 


Bach  . 
...do. 
...do. 


Official 
▼alne. 


\ 


$3  00 

5  00 

7  00 

09 
10 
23 
90 
26 
45 
35 
to 

2  50 
40 
to 

2  60 

2  60 
to 

8  60 

6  00 


8  00 
85 

07 
1  00 

1  25 
to 

5  00 

20 

27.5 

85 

60 

20 

to 

2  12.5 
06 

to 
30 
85 
to 
24  00 
90 
60 
to 
12  00 

8  00 

to 

24  00 

16  00 

to 

40  00 

8  00 

to 

8  00 


P.et 
25 
25 


25 
25 
25 
25 

25 
25 


! 


40 


\ 


\ 
\ 


25 

25 
25 
35 

40 
49 

49 


5 
5 
5 

5 

5 
5 
5 


5 
5 
5 


I  could  farther  extend  this  list,  bat  I  believe  it  embraces  nearly  every- 
thing which  is  at  present  imported  into  the  Argentine  Bepablic  firom 
the  United  States. 

E.  L.  BAKES, 

CansuL 
United  States  Oonsulatb, 

Buenos  AyreSj  February  28^  188L 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  435 


TABIFF  AHD  PIHANCES  07  THE  ABGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

BEPOBT  BT  CONSUL  BAKES,  OF  BUENOS  ATMBS. 
ARGENTINE  TARIFF  FOR  1883. 

The  National  Congress  at  its  last  session  made  a  number  of  changes 
in  the  Argentine  tariff.    I  translate  from  the  present  law  as  follows: 

f 

IMPORT  DUTIES. 

Article  1.  All  foreign  merchandise  imported  for  consumption  shall 
pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent,  on  its  valuation,  except  as  follows : 

1.  Fire-arms  for  war  purposes,  powder  and  munitions  for  mining  pur- 
poses, alcohols  in  general,  liquors,  cards,  x>erfumery,  tobacco,  cigars, 
snuffs,  guns,  lucifer  wax  matxshes,  which  shall  pay  a  duty  of  50  per  cent. 

2.  Beady-made  clothing,  and  confections,  hats  and  caps,  boots  and 
shoes,  dress  ornaments,  harness,  carriages,  furniture,  matches  other 
than  wax,  fire-works  and  objects  of  art,  which  shall  pay  a  duty  of  40 
I>er  cent. 

3.  Iron  not  galvinized  in  plates,  ingots,  bars,  &c.,  iron  hoops,  steam- 
engines,  white  pine,  spruce,  common  salt,  printing  and  writing  paper, 
which  shall  pay  a  duty  of  10  per  cent. 

4.  Canvas  and  sack  cloth,  stove  coal,  jewelry,  gold  and  silver  worked, 
sewing  silk,  all  instruments  and  utensils  with  handles  or  ornaments  of 
silver  or  gold,  when  these  increase  the  value  one-third,  plows,  wire  for 
fencing  and  telegraph,  staves,  and  wooden  or  iron  casks,  printed  books 
with  pasteboard  covers  and  without  gilt  ornaments,  printing  presses  and 
all  materials  except  types,  lithographic  presses,  harvesters  and  thrash- 
ing machines,  thread  and  wire  on  spools  for  the  miners  or  for  agricult- 
ural machinery,  which  shall  pay  a  duty  of  5  per  cent. 

5.  Precious  stoned,  unset,  which  shall  pay  a  duty  of  2  per  cent. 

6.  A  specific  duty  of  $1.65  on%every  100  kilograms  of  wheat;  of  5 
cents  on  every  kilogram  of  starch ;  of  5  cents  on  every  kilogram  of 
coffee;  of  7  cents  on  every  kilogram  of  macaroni;  of  9  cents  on  every 
kilogram  of  crackers  or  cakes  made  of  flour;  of  4  cents  on  every  kilo- 
gram of  flour  or  corn-meal ;  of  4  cents  on  every  kilogram  of  hominy;  of 
25  cents  on  every  kilogram  of  tea;  of  6  cents  on  every  kilogram  of  yerba 
mate;  of  6  cents  on  every  kilogram  of  sugar;  of  5  cents  on  every  liter 
of  vinegar,  common,  in  cask;  of  20  cents  on  every  liter  of  fine  vinegar; 
of  20  cents  on  every  bottle  of  wine,  not  exceeding  one  liter ;  of  10  cents 
on  every  bottle  or  liter  of  beer  or  cider. 

Art.  II.  The  following  articles  may  be  imported  free  of  duty,  to  wit: 
Machinery  for  works  and  steamers ;  blood  stock  and  live  cattle ;  fresh 
fish ;  fresh  fruit ;  furniture  and  implements  belonging  to  immigrants, 
and  of  small  value ;  stamped  gold  and  silver,  in  the  grain,  in  bars,  and 
in  dust;  live  plants;  rails,  wedges,  iron  transoms  and  screws;  shunting 
apparatus ;  locomotives  and  wheels  with  or  without  axles,  for  railways 
or  tramways ;  iron  tubes  not  galvanized  for  gas  or  water  works,  of  a 
diameter  of  at  least  75  millimeters;  mercury;  fan-guards;  cask-frames 
of  more  than  two  kilograms;  center  bits  and  special  mining  powder; 
such  seeds  as  the  Executive  shall  consider  not  to  be  intended  for  other 
than  agricultural  purposes;  specifics  for  sheep  diseases;  articles  for 


436         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

purposes  of  religious  worsliip  at  the  request  of  prelates,  and  manures 
and  earthy  molds. 

EXPOBT  DUTIES. 

Abt.  III.  All  kinds  of  produce  and  manufactures  are  free  of  export 
duty,  with  the  exception  of  the  following,  to  wit:  Animal  oils,  horns, 
preserved  meats^  bone-ash,  horse-hair,  bones,  wool,  skins  in  general, 
sheep-skins,  ostnch  feathers,  and  tallow,  all  of  which  shall  pay  a  duty 
of  6  per  cent,  on  their  value. 

Abt.  IY.  All  exoneration  of  duties  on  imports  and  exports  is  pro- 
hibited unless  expressly  allowed  by  law,  except  in  the  case  of  conces- 
sions by  special  law  or  contracts  arising  out  of  laws  dictated  by  Con- 
gress. 

Abt.  Y.  The  duties  must  be  paid  according  to  a  tariff  of  valuations 
drawn  up  on  the  basis  of  the  true  price  of  the  articles  in  deposit,  as  regards 
imports;  and  on  that  of  the  current  prices,  ready  for  embarkation,  as 
regards  exports.  The  import  duties  of  articles  not  included  in  the, 
tariff  will  be  paid  on  the  value  they  represent  in  deposit,  as  declared 
by  the  importers  or  clearers. 

.   By  another  law  there  is  levied  a  duty  of  1  per  cent,  additional  upon 
all  imports  and  exports  of  the  Argentine  Bepublic. 

FINANCIAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  NATION. 

With  the  development  of  the  interior  and  the  increase  of  the  foreign 
commerce,  the  national  resources  of  the  Argentine  Bepublic  also  con- 
tinue to  expand.  The  revenues  for  the  year  1882  amounted  to  the  sum 
of  $26,655,105,  against  $22,739,098  in  1881;  $19,594,304  in  1880,  and 
$20,961,893  in  1879.  The  following  table,  which  1  find  in  the  report  of 
the  minister  of  the  national  treasury,  will  show  the  sources  from  which 
this  revenue  is  derived: 

From  imports |16,930,388  53 

From  exports 3,787,171  96 

Warehousing / 405,666  61 

Stamps  and  stamped  paper 1,325,170  29 

Licenses 513,787  32 

Direct  taxation 904,242  78 

Post-office 439,736  46 

Telegraphs 213,029  09 

Light-houses 55,973  97 

Sanitary  visits 18,247  95 

National  timher  tax 10,653  08 

Water-works 259,0^2  98 

Judicial  deposits 14,900  65 

Penitentiary 919  74 

Receipts  from  Central  Argentine  Railway 102,  hl6  00 

Receipts  from  Northern  Central  Railway 855,790  75 

Receipts  from  Andine  Railway 307,374  57 

Receipts  from  First  Entre  Rios  RaUway 7,002  63 

From  Third  of  February  park 8,461  48 

I>om  Riachuelo  port  and  mole 62,85:^  87 

From  public  lands  and  colonies 131,072  82 

Sundries 300,922  37 

Total 26,065,105  90 

1^0  Statement  of  the  actual  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  last 
year  has  yet  been  published,  but  the  following  are  the  amounts  which 


V. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


437 


irere  appropriated  by  the  national  Congress  for  the  different  depart- 
ments for  the  year  1882: 

Department  of  the  Interior $5,526,361  90 

Department  of  Foreign  Relatione 233,760  00 

Department  of  Finance 12,067,345  61 

Department  of  J  astice  and  Worship 2,966,579  07 

Department  of  War 5,420,068  80 

Department  of  Marine 1,910,951  54 

Total 1 28,145,066  92 

From  which  it  appears  that  the  appropriations  were  $1,500,000  in 
excess  of  the  reTenues,  for  which  the  Government  has  had  to  make  use 
of  its  credit.*  But  these  amounts  were  only  for  the  ordinary  expendi- 
tures of  the  year.  During  the  same  time,  through  foreign  and  local 
loans,  treasury  bills,  &c.,  the  public  debt  of  the  nation  has  very  largely 
increased.  In  the  table  below  I  give,  side  by  side,  the  amounts  of  the 
national  indebtedness,  foreign  and  domestic,  as  it  was  stated  to  be  on 
the  31st  day  of  December,  1881,  and  at  the  same  date,  1882: 

Foreign  d^ht  of  the  Argentine  Bepublio  on  the  Zlat  of  December,  1881  and  1882. 


Loans. 


English  loan  of  1824  (original  bonds) 

English  loan  of  1824  (deforred  bonds) 

English  loan  of  18G8 

English  loan  of  1871 

English  loan  of  1870  (prorincial  assamed) 
Enelish  loan  of  1873  (provincial  assamed) 

Railway  bonds 

Treasury  bills 


Total  in  pounds  sterling 

Seduced  to  Argentine  national  dollars. 


1881. 


£618, 900 
476,800 
1, 273, 100 
8,927,000 
870.900 
1, 851, 000 
2,438,200 


11,466,800 


57, 787, 632 


1882. 


£500. 600 

429,800 

1,134,000 

3, 638, 900 

860,200 

1.818,800 

2^4t;i,600 

817, 000 


11,703,800 


58, 087, 152 


Interior  debt  of  the  Argentine  Bepublio  on  the  3l8t  of  December^  1881  and  1882. 


Loans. 


Loan  of  the  law  of  October  1,  I860 

Loan  of  the  law  of  November  26, 1868 . 

Lmin  of  the  law  of  October  19, 1876 

Loan  of  the  law  of  November  5, 1872  . . 

Loan  of  the  law  of  June  8. 1861 

Loan  for  bridges  and  public  highways 

Debt  to  foreigners 

Treasury  bilM 

Loan  of  the  law  of  September  2, 1881 . . 
Loan  of  the  law  of  September  25, 1881 . 
Loan  for  Biochuelo  port  and  mole 


.gold. 
..do.. 
..do.. 
..do.. 
..do., 
.do.. 
..do  . 
..do.. 
..do.. 
..do.. 
..do. 


Total do. 


1881. 


$287,667  15 

15, 224, 127  82 

485,593  22 

1,821,238  86 

881, 920  76 

1, 100, 702  21 

608, 129  48 

4, 770, 280  00 


24,229,659  50 


1882. 


$14.  W5, 

481, 
1,821, 

852, 
1,061. 

658. 
4,770, 

904, 

16,538, 

2,480. 


685  .50 
946  67 
238  H6 
160 
233 


UO 

:.4 


808  22 
280  00 
873  34 
833  33 
916  66 


43,439,475  92 


Now,  adding  the  amounts  of  foreign  and  internal  debt  together,  we 
find  that  the  total  was  $82,017,291.50  on  the  Slst  of  December,  1881, 
and  $102,426,627.92  on  the  Slst  of  December,  1882,  or  an  increase  of 
$20,409,336.42  daring  the  year,  which  cannot  be  considered  otherwise 
than  a  very  surprising  augmentation  of  the  national  obligations  in  a 
single  twelvemonth.    And  these  figures  do  not  include  the  balance  of 

*  For  the  present  year,  1883,  the  total  amoant  of  the  budget  of  the  Argentine  Na- 
tional Qovernment  is  increased  to  $31,224,748.49. 


438         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

the  bonds  for  the  Biochuelo  port  (about  $2,000,000)  and  the  city  improve- 
ment works  loan  for  aboat  98,000,000,  which  had  not  been  pat  in  circu- 
lation at  the  date  of  the  above  statement.  Indeed,  the  actual  amount  of 
internal  debt  at  present  in  circulation,  instead  of  l>eing  $43,439,475.92, 
is  known  to  be  a  little  over  $52,000,000,  thus  swelling  the  total  indebt- 
edness of  the  nation  to  about  $112,000,000.  It  is  to  be  said  in  favor  of 
the  increase  that  a  large  portion  is  invested  or  being  invested  in  profit- 
able works,  which  it  is  believed  will  not  only  give  ample  returns,  but 
greatly  augment  the  production  of  the  country.  It  is  understood  that  the 
Government,  however,  will  yet  have  to  ask  for  additional  loans  before 
some  of  these  public  works  are  completed,  and  it  may  be,  as  I  have 
before  had  occasion  to  fear,  that  the  Government  is  lending  its  credit,  in 
behalf  of  objects  which  at  best  had  better  be  left  to  private  enterprise, 
beyond  what  the  present  resources  of  the  nation  can  conveniently  bear. 
It  must  be  said,  however,  that  the  credit  of  the  Argentine  Republic 
continues  to  hold  a  high  place  in  the  money  centers  of  Europe.  The 
quotations  of  the  public  debt,  notwithstanding  the  new  loans,  has  shown 
a  constant  tendency  to  rise  during  the  past  year,  and  long  bonds  are  at 
a  premium.  . 

There  is  now  a  project  before  the  National  Congress,  under  the  sanc- 
tion of  the  President  and  his  cabinet,  to  convert  the  entire  public  debt 
of  the  nation  into  new  bonds,  which  shall  bear  only  5  per  cent,  interest 
without  amortization,  and  have  twenty-five  years  to  run.  It  is  stated 
that  the  whole  loan  could  be  effected  in  London  at  85  cents  to  the  dollar. 
The  saving  of  interest  by  this  refunding  would  be  about  $4,500,000 — 
enough,  as  the  advocates  of  the  measure  express  it,  "  to  pay  the  interest 
on  a  new  debt  of  $90,000,000" ;  but  wherein  this  additional  increase  to 
the  bonded  debt  would  be  an  advantage  to  the  country  is  not  so  appa- 
rent. This  business  of  generously  using  the  credit  of  the  Government 
for  internal  improvement  purposes — albeit  it  is  used  in  building  rail- 
ways, improving  ports,  populating  the  new  territories,  and  developing 
the  resources  of  the  nation — is  certainly  a  question  of  very  doubtful 
expediency,  and  may  ultimately  place  the  nation  under  such  burdens 
to  the  money-lenders  as  to  actually  retard  the  progress  it  is  sought  to 
foster.  These,  however,  are  matters  of  expediency  rather  than  of  vital 
significance,  and  the  future  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  whatever  may 
be  the  temporary  delays  or  increased  stimulus irhich  its  development 
may  receive  from  particular  legislation,  is  now  so  well  and  so  certainly 
assured  that  nothing  less  than  gross  and  criminal  disregard  of  public 
duty  on  the  part  of  those  who  may  be  called  on  to  administer  its  affairs— 
a  contingency  which  is  not  to  be  thought  of— can  prevent  it  from  attain- 
ing to  the  high  position  which  its  natural  advantages  and  marvelous 
resources  have  .destined  for  it  among  the  nations  of  the  earth. 

E.  L.  BAKER, 
United  States  CansuU 

United  States  Consulate, 

Buenos  AyreSj  September  30, 1883. 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  439 


SXPOBT  DUTIES  OP  THE  ABOEVTIHE  BEPUBUC. 

REPORT  BT  CONSUL  BAKER,  OF  BUENOS  ATRES. 

I  am  in  receipt  of  the  circular  of  the  Hon.  F.  T.  Freliughuyseu,  Sec- 
retary of  State,  of  the  date  of  the  15th  of  February  last,  stating  that 
the  Department  of  State  desires  to  collect  in  tabulated  form  all  informa- 
tion accessible  relative  to  export  duties  levied  on  the  productions  of 
foreign  countries;  and  requesting  me  to  contribute  to  this  end  by  send- 
ing a  table  or  schedule  of  all  export  duties  levied  in  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, accompanied  by  such  explanatory  notes  as  may  be  deemed  of 
interest 

In  reply  I  have  to  inform  the  Department  that  the  law  for  the  collec- 
tion of  duties  on  imports  and  exports  in  the  Argentine  Republic  under- 
goes the  ordeal  of  a  new  enactment  by  the  National  Congress  every 
year,  the  operation  of  the  tariff  being  limited  by  the  act  itself  to  the  spe- 
cific year  named. 

The  general  features,  however,  of  all  these  annual  import  laws  are 
the  same.  The  duties,  with  a  few  exceptions,  are  based  on  the  value  of 
each  article  of  merchandise  as  officiaUy  fixed  and  promulgated  by  the 
National  Executive,  each  year,  in  a  blue  book  which  is  called  the  ^'  Fis- 
cal EegulatioDS  of  the  Argentine  Republic.^* 

The  present  tariff,  which  continues  in  force  during  the  year  1883,  is 
embodied  in  fourteen  articles  or  sections,  of  which  only  tJie  following, 
which  I  translate  from  the  law,  have  any  reference  to  articles  exported 
from  the  country : 

Art.  III.  All  classes  of  products  or  manafactures  shall  be  free  of  duty  except  the 
following,  which  shall  pay  a  duty  of  6  per  cent,  on  their  value,  to  wit:  Animal  oils, 
horu8,  and  hom-peths,  preserved  meats,  bone-ash,  hair,  hide-cuttings,  grease,  bones, 
wool,  washed  or  unwashed,  pelts,  sheep-skins,  washed  or  unwashed,  ostrich  feathers, 
and  taUow. 

Akt.  IV.  All  exemption  from  duties  on  imports  and  exports  not  specified  in  the 
presirnt  law  is  prohibited  except  in  cases  of  concession  by  special  law  or  contracts  pro- 
ceeding from  laws  made  by  Congress.    •    •    • 

Art.  V.  All  duties  shall  be  liquidated  according  to  a  tariff  of  valuations  formed  on 
the  basis  of  the  true  value  of  the  articles  in  deposit,  in  regard  to  those  imported;  and 
on  tbe  prices,  in  the  market  prepared  for  export,  of  those  to  be  exported. 

Art.  VI.  The  custom-houses  have  power  to  retain,  after  the  period  of  forty-eight 
hours  counting  from  the  official  inspection,  for  account  of  the  public  treasury,  all 
merchandise  whose  value  thus  declared  shall  be  considered  too  low,  paying  immedi- 
ately to  those  interested  the  amount  of  the  value  declared  by  them,  with  an  increase 
of  ten  per  cent,  in  custom-house  bills  at  ninety  days'  sight. 

Art.  VII.  Duties  on  exports  shall  be  paid  at  tbe  first  point  of  embarkation  where 
they  shall  be  dispatched  directly  for  their  destination ;  and  no  article  of  export  shall 
be  permitted  to  pass  by  water  from  one  point  to  another  of  the  republic,  except  such 
as  nave  paid  or  secured  the  duties. 

Art.  IX.  The  executive  shall  designate  and  fix  the  value  of  the  merchandise  and 
products  to  be  included  in  tariff  referred  to  in  Article  V. 

Art.  X.  Export  duties  shall  be  paid  in  cash,  before  the  sailinn:  of  the  exporting  vessel. 

Art.  XI.  The  payment  of  duties  due  to  custom-houses  must  be  made  in  money  which 
18  legal  tender  or  its  equivalent. 

Ajfr.  XIV.  The  present  law  shall  be  in  force  during  the  year  1883. 

I  would  state  that,  by  a  supplemental  law,  there  is  a  duty  of  one  per 
cent,  additional  to  the  rates  above  specified  levied  on  all  articles  of  im- 
port and  export. 

**  ''Disposiciones  Fiscales  de  la  Republica  Argentina  publioaoion  oficial.'' 


440 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


From  the  taxifif  of  valuations,  made  in  pursuance  of  the  ninth  article 
of  the  preceding  law,  I  translate  the  following  extract,  which  has  refer- 
ence to  the  official  value  of  the  different  articles  of  export,  to  wit: 

Ad  valorem  tatiffon  export. 


Artidet. 


Oil: 

Seal,  fish,  and  sheop 

Koatafoot 

Horn  and  horn  pith : 

Of  cattle 

Of  aheep 

Dried  or  aalted  beef  — 

Bone-aah 

Hair 


Jerked  beef 

Ox  and  cow  hidea : 

Dry 

Salted 

Skina: 
Calf: 

Weighing  ftom  2  to  7  kiloKrama dry. 

Weighing  from  6  to  ISkilograma aalted. 

Slunk do... 

Slonk dry. 

Aaa: 

Dry 

Salted *.... 

Horse: 

Salted 

Dry 

Colt: 

Dry A.... 

Salted  

Sheep  of  every  kind: 

Washed  or  nnwaahed dry. 

Salted 

Deer  or  stag 

Goat 

Kid 

Nutna 

Corpincho 

Vicufia 

Ostrich 

ChlnchUla 

Hog,  dry  or  aalted 

Lion 

T*««r 

Swan 

Bis-cacha 

Fox 

Hide  cuttings 

Hares*  grease 

Bones  of  all  kinds 

Wool,  washed  or  unwashed 

Tonsues,  salted  or  dried 

Ostnch  feathers 

Grease,  pressed 

Lud  and  other  animal  fat  rendered 


Unit 


lOOkiloa 
...do... 


1,000  kiloa. 

— do 

100  kilos.. 
1.000  kUos. 
100  kiloa . . 
...do 


Each 

do 


....do 
...do 
Kilo. 
...do 


Each 
...do 


.do 
do 


...do 
KUo. 


...do 

...do 

...  do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Each 

Kilo 

...do 

...do 

Each 

...do 

do 

Doeen  .... 

...do 

— do 

100  kilos . . 

...do 

1,000  kilos. 
100  kilos   . 

Kilo 

...do 

100  kilos.. 
..  do 


Official 
value. 


$12,000 
15,500 

150,000 
20.000 
18,000 
19.000 
45,000 
14,500 

4,150 
5,500 


2,075 

2,000 

100 

200 

1,000 
1,5C0 

2.070 
1,500 

1,000 
50 

100 

125 

GOO 

020 

20,000 

800 

1,000 

500 

4.150 

6,170 

1.000 

1,500 

10,000 

1,000 

800 

2,000 

6,200 

14,500 

22,000 

26,000 

200 

8.000 

10,000 

15,000 


Duty. 


PercL 


7 
7 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 

7 

7 


7 
7 
7 
7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 


FREE  LIST  OF  EXPORTS. 

In  accordaDce  with  the  terms  of  the  law,  all  articles  except  those 
named  in  the  above  list  can  be  exported  free  of  any  cnstom-hoase  duty. 
It  is  true,  however,  that  the  above  list  comprises  a  very  large  propor- 
tion of  the  entire  exports  from  the  Argentine  Bepablic.  The  following 
table,  which  I  have  compiled  from  official  sources,  will  show  the  relative 
values  of  articles  exported  from  the  Argentine  Bepnblic,  subject  to  duty^ 
compared  with  that  of  exports  not  subject  to  duty,  from  the  year  1870 
to  1881,  inclusive,  to  wit:* 


*  Memorias  del  Departamento  de  Hacienda  de  la  Repiiblica  Argentina — 1870  hasta  1881» 


TAEIFF8  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


441 


Comparative  table  of  exports  eubiect  to  duty  and  exports  free  from  the  Argentine  Republic 

from  1§70  to  1881. 


Yeftn. 


1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 


BxportA  sal^eot 
to  daty. 


$28,753,213 
23.442.543 
43, 839, 717 
42,892,045 
89,413,265 
45, 785, 001 
42, 394, 052 
38,603.669 
82,754.644 
41, 268, 426 
50. 855, 126 
50, 722, 211 


Exports  free  of 
dnty. 


Total  export. 


$2,494,933 

$29, 248, 148 

2,683,894 

26,955,937 

2,403.475 

45, 743, 192 

3,477,269 

45, 869. 314 

3,691,447 

43, 144. 712 

4,546,255 

50, 331. 400 

4. 145, 154 

46, 535. 705 

4,822.000 

43,823.669 

3, 558, 514 

86,211,802 

6,496,861 

47,765,287 

5,775.212 

56,497,423 

5,346,893 

56,096,104 

The  official  figures  of  exports  for  1882  have  not  yet  been  published. 

The  following  table,*  which  I  have  also  compiled  from  official  soarces, 
shows  the  rate  per  cent,  which  has  been  levied  by  the  Argentine  tariff 
on  exports  from  the  country,  together  with  the  additional  rate  levied 
by  special  law  to  meet  deficiencies  in  the  national  revenues,  from  the 
year  1863  to  1883,  inclusive,  to  wit: 

Hate  of  export  duties  in  the  Argentine  Republic  from  1863  to  1883. 


Yean. 


1863 
1864 
186<» 
1866 
1867 
186si 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 


Tariff 

Addi- 

Total 

rate. 

tional. 

rate. 

5 

2 

7 

5 

2 

7 

5 

2 

7 

8 

2 

9 

6 

2 

8 

6 

2 

8 

6 

2 

8 

6 

2 

8 

6 

2 

8 

6 

2 

8 

6 

2 

8  1 

1 

Years. 


1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 


Tariff 
rate. 

Addi. 
tional. 

4 
4 
4 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

2 
2 
2 
2 

Total 
rate. 


ft 

6 
6 

8 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
T 


It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  tables  that  the  average  rate  of  export 
duty  for  the  last  twenty -one  years  has  been  about  7  per  c^nt,  and  that 
this  duty  is  levied  on  nearly  nine-tenths  of  all  the  exports  from  the 
country. 

There  are  no  other  charges  against  cargoes  exported  than  those  men- 
tioned above,  though  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  state,  that  on  all 
vessels  clearing  for  foreign  ports  there  is  a  charge  of  $20  for  opening 
and  closing  the  register,  a  port  pilotage  of  $14,  and  an  outward  pilot- 
age of  about  $40;  besiaes,  10  cents  per  ton  for  light  dues  and  6  cents 
per  ton  for  sanitary  dues.  Steamers  have  what  is  called  "packet  privi- 
leges," whereby  they  are  alloweil  immediately  after  loading,  while  sail- 
ing vessels  are  detained  until  the  export  duties  on  the  cargo  shipped 
are  liquidated.  They  have  furthermore  a  reduction  of  two  cents  per 
ton  on  their  light  and  sanitary  dues. 

For  this  privilege  they  pay  the  gross  sum  of  $1.25  per  annum. 

I  believe  I  have  resx)onded  fully  to  the  circular  of  the  Department, 
though  if  1  have  omitted  anything  about  which  information  is  desired 
it  wiU  at  once  be  furnished  upon  request. 

0.  L.  BAKER, 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Buenos  Ayres^  May  4,  1883. 


*  Cuadro  general  del  Comercio  exterior. 


442  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


CHIIil. 

chuiav  tabifp  law. 

EBFOBTS  BY  MINISTER  LOGAN  ON  THE  CHILIAN  TARIFF  AND  ITS  EFFECTS  ON 

AMERICAN  TRADE, 

EXPLANATORY  INTRODUCTION. 

Availing  myself  of  the  services  of  the  clerk  allowed  to  me  by  the  De- 
partment, I  have  cansed  to  be  translated  certain  docnments  relating  to 
the  customs  service  of  Chili  which  must  prove  of  considerable  value  to 
our  Government.  These  docnments,  marked  Nos.  1, 2, 3,  and  4,  are  in- 
closed under  cover  of  this  dispatch.  The  following  observations  in 
connection  therewith  may  be  of  interest  to  the  Department: 

The  general  tariff  law  of  Chili  is  established  by  the  Congress  of  the 
country.  The  system  of  valuation  formerly  in  practice  was  fixed  ex- 
clusively upon  the  ad  valorem  plan,  the  value  being  determined  by  the 
invoice  price,  to  which  was  added  the  expense  of  transportation  up  to 
the  time  that  the  goods  arrived  in  bond.  This  system  was  arbitrary 
and  unsatisfactory,  and  many  of  the  details  as  applied  to  special  arti- 
cles were  left  to  the  decision  of  subordinates.  Under  this  system  the 
export  interests  of  the  United  States  have  suffered  in  competition  with 
European  manufacturers  as,  while  a  piece  of  furniture^a  table  for  ex- 
ample^made  in  the  United  States,  which  by  reason  of  its  lightness  and 
other  superior  qualities  ought  to  command  the  nrarket,  has  been  pushed 
out  by  the  cheaper  and  clumsier  manufactures  of  the  European  markets. 

Owing  to  the  many  imperfections  of  the  established  plan  of  valuation, 
it  was  resolved  last  year  to  adopt  a  new  one,  and  the  table  which  I  in- 
close, marked  No.  2,  is  formed  upon  this  plan. 

In  the  first  place,  the  tariff  law  of  the  republic  fixes  the  general 
rate  of  duty  at  25  per  cent,  upon  the  valuation  of  the  article.  To  this 
general  rate  there  are  four  exceptions,  one  class  of  enumerated  articles 
paying  35  per  cent.,  another  class  15  per  cent.,  another  4  per  cent., 
while  another  cla^s  is  free.  A  still  further  exception  is  made  in  the 
provision  of  a  sort  of  war  tax,  to  go  into  operation  September  1, 1882, 
and  to  last  for  eighteen  months  from  that  date.  It  establishes  an  addi- 
tional 10  per  cent,  upon  tho<ie  articles  which  pay  25  per  cent  and  15 
per  cent. ;  that  is  to  say,  U  per  cent,  upon  the  latter  amounts. 

The  rates  being  thus  established,  the  manner  of  making  the  appraise- 
ment is  radicall^^  changed  from  the  old  system.  1  inclose  in  this  a 
translated  copy  of  Article  IX  of  the  customs  laws,  marked  No.  1,  which 
will  give  you  an  intelligible  idea  of  the  new  plans. 

Under  this  plan,  as  you  will  perceive  by  the  translation,  the  President 
of  the  republic  appoints  a  special  commission  in  Valparaiso,  composed 
of  the  superintendent  of  customs,  the  chief  of  appraisers,  and  a  num- 
ber of  merchants  of  different  nationalities,  which  commission  fixes  the 
table  of  valuations  to  be  in  force  for  one  year  from  the  date  of  its  publi- 
cation. Before  the  expiration  of  this  term  the  President  is  to  take  the 
necessary  steps  either  to  establish  entire  new  valuations,  to  correct  the 
existing  table  in  part  or  to  continue  it  in  force,  as  may  seem  necessary 
and  expedient  to  him.  As  you  can  readily  see,  there  is  great  improve- 
ment in  the  system  of  classification. 

This  commission  is  to  establish  the  table  of  valuations  upon  the  basis 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         443 

of  their  cost  in  the  eustom-housei.  This  they  will  do  firom  expert  knowl- 
edge conoeming  the  prices  of  all  articles  in  the  country  of  prodaction, 
adding  additional  expenses  of  freight,  insurance,  discharge,  &c.,  into 
the  custom- house.  In  a  large  and  yearly- to-be-increased  class,  how- 
ever, the  valuation  is  not  made  directly  ui>on  the  cost  of  the  articles, 
but  upon  the  grou  tceight — ^the  peso  hmio — of  the  package.  This  is 
the  change  in  the  system  to  which  I  wish  to  call  your  particular  atten- 
tion, and  which  I  think  is  going  to  benefit  a  large  class  of  American 
manufacturers. 

About  two  months  ago  the  first  experiment  under  this  new  law  was 
completed,  and  I  inclose,  under  cover  of  this  dispatch,  marked  No.  2,  a 
translated  copy  of  the  new  table  of  valuations  established  by  the  com- 
mission. Its  translation  has  been  a  work  of  considerable  labor,  as  you 
can  readily  i>erceive.  If  there  are  articles  in  the  table  untranslated  in 
name  it  is  because  it  has  been  impossible  to  learn  the  English  name,  if 
they  have  any. 

I  send  you  under  a  separate  cover  a  printed  copy  of  the  tariff  law,  in 
the  original  text,  from  which  the  inclosed  translation  has  been  made. 

As  before  said,  the  important  item  in  this  change  of  system  is  the 
direct  fixing  of  valuation  ui>on  the  gross  weight  of  the  package,  includ- 
ing the  boxing  or  case,  of  course,  it  being  the  purpose  ultimately  to 
establish  this  principle  upon  every  class  of  article,  manufactured  or 
otherwise. 

HOW  THE  TARIFF  AFFECTS  AMERICAN  MANUFACTURES. 

While  I  do  not  call  to  mind  any  class  of  our  manufacturers  who  will 
be  damaged  by  this  change,  there  are  many  who  must  be  benefited  by 
it  beyond  a  doubt.  Take  for  example  the  case  of  furniture.  The 
American  furniture  is  much  lighter,  more  elegant  in  pattern,  and  better 
made  than  that  of  any  of  the  European  nations.  The  latter  is  noted 
for  heaviness  and  ungraceful  styles.  Upon  the  basis  of  valuation  by 
gross  weight  the  American  furniture  will  have  great  advantage  in  the 
item  of  duty. 

This  is  equally  true  of  all  kinds  of  agricultural  and  mining  machinery, 
portable  engines,  saw-mills,  &c.,  in  the  manufacture  of  which  the  Amer- 
icans so  greatly  excel. 

Still  another  class  of  articles  may  be  mentioned  in  the  same  connec- 
tion, which  is  that  of  silver-plated  ware.  The  American  manufactures 
are  justly  celebrated  for  their  beauty  and  general  superiority.  Under 
the  old  system  of  valuation,  according  to  individual  articles,  the  duties 
were  much  higher  than  will  now  be  the  case,  when  the  box  may  hold 
the  finest  of  articles,  paying  duties  upon  the  basis  of  weight  only. 

AMERICAN  PACKING. 

Bearing  these  facts  in  mind  our  exporters  ought  to  make  a  special 
study  of  making  the  case  or  boxing  as  light  as  possible  consistently  with 
strength  and  durability.  I  have,  therefore,  to  recommend  that  the  fore- 
going facts  be  given  such  publicity  as  may  make  them  available  to  our 
exporting  merchants. 

in  the  formation  of  the  commission  which  established  the  accompa- 
nying table  of  valuations  no  American  was  appointed,  chiefly  because, 
as  it  is  said,  there  was  no  strictly  American  house  in  Valparaiso,  at  the 
time  of  appointment,  to  supply  a  representative.  As  it  seems  a  very 
important  matter  that  our  people  in  the  future  should  be  represented 


444         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

iiX>on  the  commission,  I  have  to  suggest  the  especial  instraction  of  the 
coDsal  in  Valparaiso  to  look  hereafter  to  oar  interests  in  that  direction. 
The  table  of  valuations  herein  inclosed  needs  no  farther  explanation, 
I  think.  A  little  attention  to  its  details  will  enable  it  to  be  readily  un- 
derstood. 

AMERICAN  AND  CHILIAN  COMMERCE. 

In  connection  with  the  subject  of  our  commercial  relations,  I  have 
thought  it  would  interest  you  to  see  at  a  glance  the  trade  movement  of 
Chili  with  all  the  leading  nations  for  the  five  years  last  past — ^that  is, 
from  1878  to  1882  inclusive.  I  have  therefore  caused  to  be  translated 
two  tables,  marked  Kos.  3  and  4,  showing  the  importation  at  the  Valpa- 
raiso custom-house  from  twenty -four  nations  during  the  period  named, 
and  the  exportations  to  the  nations  named  for  the  period  of  four  years, 
the  year  1882  not  being  included.  These  tables  are  taken  from  the  re- 
port of  the  Chilian  minister  of  finance,  presented  to  Congress  at  its 
opening  in  June  last. 

Their  study  will  convey  a  great  deal  of  useful  information.  It  ap- 
pears from  the  figures  that  Chili  increased  her  purchases  from  the  United 
States  during  1882  more  than  $500,000  over  those  of  1878,  being,  roughly, 
at  the  rate  of  33  per  cent.  It  will  further  appear  that  the  United  States 
bought  of  Chili,  during  the  year  1881,  products  amounting  to  more  than 
five  times  the  sum  of  the  purchases  of  1878.  Further,  it  will  appear 
that  the  exports  of  Chili  to  the  United  States  during  the  year  1881  were 
nearly  double  the  amount  of  the  imports  for  the  same  year,  showing  a 
balance  of  trade  largely  against  us. 

The  importations  from  Great  Britain  were  more  than  doubled  during 
the  five  years  mentioned,  while  the  exports  to  that  country  during  the 
four  years  were  more  than  two  and  one  half  times  as  great. 

The  imports  from  the  United  States  during  the  year  1882  only 
amounted  to  something  over  $2,000,000,  while  the  imports  from  Great 
Britain  during  the  same  year  footed  up  to  more  than  $17,000,000.  The 
exports  to  the  United  States  during  the  last  year  given,  1«81,  only 
amounted  to  something  over  $3,000,000,  while  the  exports  to  Great 
Britain  during  the  same  year  amounted  to  the  large  sum  of  more  than 
$43,000,000. 

The  study  of  these  tables  will  develop  other  interesting  facts. 

Before  closing  this  dispatch  I  desire  to  communicate  to  you  some 
further  facts  relating  to  the  progress  of  this  vigorous  republic. 

THE  OUTLOOK  FOE  VALPARAISO. 

Within  a  short  time  past  a  very  fine  mole  or  wharf  has  been  built  out 
into  the  Bay  of  Valparaiso,  beside  which  the  largest  ships  may  lie  dur- 
ing quiet  weather,  and,  through  means  of  improved  machinery  and  ap- 
pliances, load  and  discharge  cargo  with  great  facility,  being  a  vast  im- 
provement upon  the  old  system  of  performing  the  same  work  by  launches. 
The  Government  has  also  completed  a  large  number  of  very  commodious 
and  handsome  storehouses.  These  works  have  been  erected  at  a  cost 
of  about  $4,000,000.  For  the  use  of  a  mole  a  charge  of  f  per  cent, 
upon  the  value  of  the  merchandise  is  made,  and  for  storage  about  1  per 
cent.  Goods  may  remain  in  storage  for  three  years,  with  the  privilege 
of  an  extension  for  three  years  longer.  The  articles  in  bond  only  pay 
duty  when  taken  out. 

With  the  view  of  making  Valparaiso  the  great  shipping  center  of  the 
Southern  Pacific,  recent  legislation  has  alK)lished  every  class  of  port 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         445 

dues,  incladiDg  even  light-hoase  taxes.  Further  than  this,  all  pro- 
visions for  the  nse  of  ships  are  admitted  free  of  duty.  This  legislation 
virtually  makes  Valparaiso  a  free  port  for  goods  in  bond,  while  it  must 
operate  to  draw  all  the  shipping  of  the  South  Pacific  to  that  port  for 
provisioning,  &c.  By  means  of  the  secure  Government  warehouses,  mer- 
chants in  all  localities  along  the  coast,  including  those  of  adjoining 
States,  can  store  goods  in  Valparaiso  ana  draw  for  them  whenneeded, 
a  great  desideratum  with  those  so  far  from  the  commercial  centers  of 
the  world. 

Under  the  operation  of  these  sagacious  measures  Valparaiso  must 
become  to  the  South  Pacific  what  San  Francisco  is  to  the  North  Pacific. 

I  may  close  this  dispatch  with  the  statement  that  all  duties  are  pay- 
able in  silver  dollars,  rated  at  38  pence,  the  rate  of  exchange,  in  GhUian 
currency,  ui>on  London  being  fixed  by  Oovemment  decree  on  the  first 
day  of  every  month. 

C.  A.  LOGAN. 

United  States  Legation. 

BantiagOj  August  24, 1883. 


Chap.  IX.— ON  THE  TABLE  OF  APPRAISEMENT. 

[InoUMiiTe  No.  1.] 

Abt.  66.  The  table  of  appraisement  shaU  be  formed  in  the  ^ort  of  Valparaiso  by  a 
commission  formed  of  the  superintendent  of  customs,  the  chief  inspector,  and  of  a 
number  of  merchants  of  different  nations  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  Rei>nblio 
in  every  especial  case.  The  presiding  officer  shall  be  the  superintendent,  and,  in  his 
absence,  the  chief  inspector. 

Art.  o6.  The  table  of  appraisement  shall  continue  without  change  for  the  term  of 
one  year,  countinff  from  the  day  whioh  the  President  of  the  Republic  shall  designate 
on  approvinpc  it ;  out  it  shall  not  come  into  effect  till  a  month  after  its  promulgation. 

Abt.  67.  Before  the  end  of  the  year  fixed  in  Art.  66,  the  President  of  the  Republic 
shall  take  the  necessary  steps  for  the  continuance  of  the  same  tariff,  or  for  the  partial 
or  total  reform  that  it  may  need. 

Art.  ^,  The  commission  intrusted  with  the  duty  of  forming  the  tariff  shall  make 
their  estimate  takinsr  into  consideration  the  price  of  the  goods  in  bond. 

Art.  69.  Merchandise  not  specified  in  the  tariff  shall  be  valued  bv  the  appraisers, 
with  reference  to  the  last  wholesale  sales  whioh  have  taken  place  in  the  custom-house. 
If  this  means  of  comparison  be  lacking,  the  p^ods  shall  be  valued  at  the  current  mar- 
ket price  for  the  same  article,  minus  all  duties ;  and  if  this  also  be  wanting,  the  chief 
appraiser  shall  determine  the  value  from  the  quality  of  the  goods. 

Art.  70.  Complaints  upon  appraisements  shaU  be  laid  before  the  superintendent  of 
the  respective  custom-house,  whose  decision  shall  be  final,  after  hearing  two  experts, 
one  named  by  the  custom-house  and  the  other  by  the  complaining  party ;  and  consult- 
ing with  the  chief  of  the  board  of  appraisers  in  Valparaiso,  and  in  other  ports  to  the 
inspector  who  has  made  the  appraisal. 

Art.  71.  No  complaint  shall  be  received  after  a  period  of  twenty-four  hours  has 
elapsed  after  making  the  valuation,  nor  after  the  complaining  party  has  removed  the 
goods  from  the  custom-house. 


446 


TABIFFS  OF  THE   SEYEiUL  COUNTBIES. 


THE  CHILIAN  TABIFF  AND  VALUATION  OF  MERCHANDISE. 

[Indoffore  Ko.  2.] 

A. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty  of  35  per  omt 


a.  GENERAL  HEBCHAimiSE. 


No. 


40 
41 
42 
48 
128 

124 
125 
079 

192 

1 
888 

864 
865 

761 
762 


162 
168 
164 
165 
166 
167 
168 
173 

174 
176 
177 
178 
179 
180 
181 
182 
183 
184 
185 
186 
187 
188 
900 


Artiole,  Sto, 


Albania  for  photofi^raphB : 

Covers  of  wood,  horn,  oroloUi ^ 

Covers  of  paste,  ivory,  or  Imitation  tortoise  shell 

Covers  of  tortoise  sheil,  ivory,  Rassian  leather,  or  mother  of  nearl. . . 

Same  as  No.  41,  with  engravings*  inomstations,  and  mos^  work 

Almond  )Muite  of  Pern,  gross  weight 

Billiard  balls  of  ivory,  or  imitation 

Balls: 

Of  stone.  &c.,  for  children's  toys 

Of  marble,  gliMs,  or  porcelain 

Of  rubber,  for  children's  toys,  plain  or  painted,  gross  weight 

Baskets: 

Empty,  of  straw,  rush,  or  willow,  with  or  without  other  material, 

gross  weight 

Beadsof  class,  gross  weight 

Beads  and  buues,  gross  weight 

Beads  of  metals,  aU  forms,  gross  weight 

Beads  of  glass,  aU  forms,  gross  weight 

Books: 

Blank,  with  or  without  ruled  spaces  or  paging 

Printed,  covers  of  tortoise  shell,  mother  oi  pearl,  ivory  or  imitations, 
gilded  or  plated,  with  or  without  filagree  or  mosaic  of  gold  or  silver. 
Boots  and  shoes : 

Men's,  of  all  classes 

Ladies',  silk  or  mixed  goods 

Ladies',  all  other  classes 

Children's,  silk  or  cotton  mixture,  with  less  than  18  centimeters  of  sole. 

Children's,  all  other  classes,  with  less  than  18  centimeters  of  sole 

Babies'  gaiters,  wool  or  mixed  goods,  gross  weight 

Same,  of  merino  cashmere,  gross  weigut 

Men's  spatterdashes,  without  sole,  leather,  cloth  or  other  material  less 
than  18  centimeters  high 

Same,  more  than  18  centimeters  high 

Slippers,  calf,  kid.  Japanned  or  Morocco  leather 

Same,  stamped  clotli,  wool,  plush,  or  felt 

Men's  overshoes,  of  calf-skin,  buttoned 

Boys'  overshoes,  of  calf-skin,  from  18  to  22  centimeters  long 

Mens'  shoes,  all  other  kinds 

Ladies' shoes,  silk  or  cotton  mixed 

Ladies' shoes,  all  other  classes 

Children's  shoes,  all  classes,  less  than  18  centimeters'  length  of  sole 

Shoes  of  rubber,  with  or  without  lining,  gross  weight 

Bath-shoes,  linen  or  Jute,  hemp  sole 

Patterns,  of  wood 

Same,  of  skin,  wooden  soles 

Pattens  or  brogans  of  hide,  leather  dble 

BillUrd  tables,  cloth  for 


Unit. 


"Doiidn  .... 

...do.... 

...do..... 

...do.... 

Kilogram 

...do.... 


.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 


Dosen 


...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
..do... 
..do.... 
Kilogram 
Dozen .... 


...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
..  do.... 
...do.... 
..do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
..  do.... 
Kilogram 
Dosen  ... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
Metert... 


Yalna. 
tlon.» 


$6  00 

16  00 

72  00 

264  00 

15 

20  00 

le 

27 
1  50 


50 

75 

30 

4  00 

76 

4  70 

30  00 

36  00 

48  00 

16  00 

24  00 

8  00 

4  00 

3  50 

12  00 

80  00 

15  00 

7  00 

14  00 

7  00 

20  00 

24  00 

12  00 

6  00 

2  00 

2  OO 


4 
0 


OO 
OO 


24  00 
3  OO 


*  Chilian  silver  dollars.    One  Chilian  silver  dollar  ■■  76  cents  American.       t  Meter  »  89.87  inches- 


TABIFP8  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


447 


A. — Jriiolea  whU^pay  a  duty  of  ^  per  oett^— Continued, 
a.  6ENSBAL  MERCHAimiSB. 


17o. 


1252 

iae2 

964 

965 

403 
404 
821 


735 

1S42 
1343 
1U4 
1845 
118 

1333 
1334 
1835 
1836 
1837 
44 

45 
46 
47 

206 
207 
208 
270 
160 

468 
1065 
627 
225 
846 

180 
131 

132 


Article,  &o. 


240 
241 
242 
248 


582 

533 

1062 
1083 
1084 
1086 
1088 
1089 
1090 
1001 
1002 
1003 
1094 
1095 
1006 
1097 
1096 
1090 
1100 

1101 
1108 


Bmiardcaes: 

Leather  disks  for 

Of  wood 

Blinds,  Venetian: 

Woodf  painted,  slats  less  than  3  centimeters  broad,  without  oomioe 
or  ornaments 

With  cornices  or  other  ornaments,  to  be  appraised. 
Brooms: 

Common,  with  orwithoat  handles 

Of  bmshwood,  for  ships,  with  orwithoat  handles 

Broom-handles,  wood,  plain  or  painted,  gross  weight 

Brashes,  for  hair  table,  hat,  or  clothes,  fine 

Bricks  or  tiles  of  Jasper  or  marble,  polished,  gross  weight 

Candles: 

Wax  or  imitation,  plain  or  gilded,  gross  weight 

Stearine,  paraffins,  or  composition,  boxes,  gross  weight 

Stearine,  parafflne,  or  compoailion,  in  large  boxes,  gross  weight 

Sperm,  gross  weight 

Canes  ^r  wiuking^sticks,  to  be  appraised. 
Carpeting: 

Woven,  of  hempor  Jate,  gross  weight 

Of  wool,  called  Brussels,  gross  weight 

Of  wool,  all  other  classes,  groMS  weight 

With  nap,  BrasseU,  gross  weight 

With  nap,  all  other  classes,  gross  weight 

Prayer-rugs,  shaggy  wool  ur  velveteen,  with  or  without  cotton  mix- 
ture, gross  weight  .. 

Prayer-rugs,  Brussels,  gross  weight 

Prayer-rugs,  hides  or  skins 

Prayer-rugs,  fine,  made  up,  to  be  appraised. 
Carriages: 

T  wo  wheels,  with  or  without  harness 

Four  wheels,  one  seat,  with  or  without  harness. 

Four  wheels,  two  seats,  with  or  without  harness 

For  infimts,  all  classes 

Caskets,  cardboard,  wood,  porcelain,  glass,  or  xioc,  for  toilet  table,  with 

or  without  puffbsjls 

Caskets,  or  empty  Jewel-cases,  gross  weight 

Cheeses,  gross  weight 

Cherries,  dried,  gross  weight 

Chestnuts,  with  or  without  the  shells,  gross  weight 

Chocolate,  in  cake  or  powder,  gross  weight 

Cigar-holders: 

Coarse,  wood  or  rubber,  including  cases 

Amber  or  imitation,  with  or  without  parts  of  othw  material,  includ- 
ing cases 

All  other  classes,  including  the  cases 

Cigar-cases: 

Ordinary,  Peruvian  straw 

Medium  or  fine,  Peruvian  straw 

Russian  leather  or  imitation 

Ordinary  leather 

With  cover  of  common  metal,  gilded  or  plated,  tortoise  shell,  mother 

of  pearl,  or  ivory 

Cloth: 

Linen,  British,  Hollands,  Irish,  du).,  in  cases,  not  elsewhere  specified, 
gross  weight 

Same,  in  small  nackages,  not  otherwise  specified,  gross  weight 

Clothing,  ready-made : 

BaMs'  long  clothes,  of  cotton,  plain  or  bordered  or  ornamented 

Same,  silk  or  merino,  plain,  bordered,  or  ornamented 

Ladies'  gauze  or  cotton  tulle  fichu,  with  or  without  ornaments 

Men's  and  boys  linen  stockings,  gross  weight 

Drawers,  cotton  point 

Drawers,  wool,  woolen  flannel,  or  cotton  mixture,  gross  weight 

Drawers,  cotton  stuff,  gross  weight 

Drawers,  linen  or  cotton  mixed  goods,  gross  weight 

Ladies*  plain  cotton  hose 

Ladies'  edged  or  ornamented  hose 

Ladies*  pUan  linen  or  cotton  mixed  hose 

Lsdies'  linen  or  cotton  mixed  hose,  edged  or  Mubroideied 

Striped  cotton  shirts  for  workmen,  gross  weights 

Men's  and  boys'  white  shirts,  cotton,  chints,  or  percale,  gross  weight. . 

Men's  add  boys'  white  shiru,  with  unen  pieces,  gross  wdght 

Men's  and  boys*  white  linen  shirts,  gross  weight 

Men's  and  boys'  shirts  of  flannel  wool  or  with  cotton  mixture,  gross 
weight 

Sailors*  shirts  of  woolen  baize 

Workmen's  shirts  of  canvas  or  linen  listing  or  with  cotton  listing 


Unit 


LOOO.. 
Dozen 


One. 


Dozen  ... 
...do.... 
Kilogram 
Dosen  ... 
Kilogram 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 

"^ 

...do 
..  do 
One.. 


Valua- 
tion. 


64  OO 
80O 


40O 


250 
60 
15 

OOO 
05 

1  00 
40 
80 

1  OO 


1 
1 
2 
1 

2 
1 
6 


70 
50 
00 
20 
80 

00 
60 
00 


do 
do 
do 
do 


1, 


800  00 

600  00 

000  00 

6  00 


Dozen 

Kilogram 

...do.... 

...do.... 

...do.... 

...do.... 


2 
6 


.do 

do 
.do 


Dozen 

...do. 

...do. 

...do. 


do 


Kilogram 
...do.... 


One 

...do...., 
.  do.... 
Kilogram 

'.'..do'.'.V. 
...do.... 
...do.... 
Dozen  ... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...  do  ... 
Kilogram 
— do  f.... 

..do 

...do.... 


00 
00 
40 
15 
08 
40 


600 

200  00 
25  00 

1  25 
18  00 
24  00 

4  00 

80  00 


2  50 

3  00 

4  00 
12  00 

1  25 
9  00 


10 
50 
40 
65 
00 


....do. 
Dosen 
...do. 


12  00 

15  00 

24  00 

1  00 

1  25 

1  40 
8  80" 

2  75 
7  00 
600 


448 


TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


A. — ArHcUs  which  pay  a  duly  of  ^  per  cent. — Continued, 
a.  OBNERAL  MERCRANDI8E. 


No. 


1103 
1104 
1105 
1106 
1107 
1108 

1108 

1110 

1111 
1112 

1118 
1114 

1115 

lue 

1117 
1U8 
1119 
1120 
1121 
1122 
1128 
1124 
1125 
1126 
1127 

1128 
1129 
1130 

1131 
1182 

1133 

1134 
1135 
1130 
1138 
1140 
1142 
1144 
1145 
1148 
1147 
1148 
1149 
1150 
1151 

1154 
1156 
1157 
1158 
1159 
1160 

1101 

1162 
1163 
1164 
1165 
1166 
1167 
1168 
1169 
1170 
1171 
1172 
1173 


Article,  See. 


Clothinff,  ready  made— Continaed. 

La^Uea'  and  miuee'  plain  cotton  shirts 

Same,  edged  or  adorned  with  overlaid  work 

Ladles'  and  misses'  linen  shirts,  plain  or  with  stripes,  orerlaid 

Ladies'  and  misses'  linen  shirts,  with  lace  edging  or  ornaments 

Body  shirts  of  cotton  point,  ffross  weight .  

Body  shirts  of  woolen  point  or  woolen  flannel  with  cotton  mixture, 
gross  weisht 

Body  shirts  for  babies  (will  be  valued  at  |  of  the  corresponding 
shirts  for  ladiesL  Sec.)  

Ladies'  and  misses'  ruffled  cotton  shirts,  with  or  without  sleeves  or 
pieces  of  linen,  plain  or  edged 

Same,  with  braids  or  fine  laces 

Ladies'  capes,  cloaks,  or  mantillas,  silk  velvet  or  plush,  or  with 
cotton  mixture,  with  fine  linen  or  silk  lace,  plain  or  ornamented. . 

Same  as  No.  1112,  of  any  silk  or  cotton  mixture 

Same,  of  cloth,  cashmere,  or  any  woolen  goods,  or  with  cotton  mix- 
ture, not  ornamented 

Same,  edsed  or  adorned .     

Same,  of  linen  or  cotton  stuff,  without  ornaments 

Same,  edged  or  adorned ^ 

Silk  cravats  or  with  cotton  mixture,  narrow 

Neckties  of  silk  or  with  cotton  mixture,  shortf  with  spring  or  without 

Silk  cravats  or  with  cotton  mixture,  long,  all  other  classes 

Cravats  of  muslin  or  any  cotton  goods 

Men's  paper  collars  or  with  cotton  facing 

Men's  cotton  or  rubber  collars 

Men's  linen  or  cotton  mixed  collars 

Ladies'  or  children's  cotton  collars,  without  cu£fii,  plain  or  edged 

Same,  with  cuffs  or  sleeves 

Ladies'  or  children's  linen  or  cotton  mixed  collars,  without  ouflil^ 
plainoredged    

Same,  withcuffii  or  sleeves 

Collars,  with  fine  laces,  to  be  appraised. 

Men's  or  boys'  vests,  silk,  cloth,  cashmere,  or  wool,  with  or  without 
cotton  mixture 

Same,  all  other  classes 

Workmen's  jackets  of  ordinary  cloth  or  baise,  with  or  without  cot- 
ton mixture 

Men's  and  boys'  Jackets  of  pilot  cloth,  with  or  without  cott<m  mix- 
ture  

Men's  and  boys'  short  jackets,  cotton  point 

Same,  of  woolen  point,  wither  without  cotton 

Same,  with  sleeves  or  other  parts  of  silk 

Ladies'  or  misses'  plain  cotton  skirts,  made  up 

Same,  bord<  red  or  ornamented 

Same,  of  linen  or  cotton  mixture,  plain  made  op 

Same,  bordered  or  ornamented,  made  up   

Same,  of  wool  or  cotton  mixture,  plain  or  omamentod 

Coats  of  cassimere  or  woolen  doth 

Coats  of  cotton  mixed  goods 

Men's  or  l>oys'  frock  coats  of  cassimere  or  woolen  cloth 

Same,  with  mixture  of  cotton 

Same,  cottMin,  linen,  woolen  or  cotton  alpaca,  or  other  similar  goods.. 

Mantes  of  merino  or  woolen  cashmere,  bordered,  with  or  ^thout 
braid.  See,  gross  weight 

Linen  socks,  with  or  without  open  work  or  borders,  gross  weight 

Men's  and  boys'  trousers,  cassimere  or  woolen  cloth 

Same,  of  cotton  mixed  goods 

Same,  of  cotton  or  linen  goods 

Sailors'  ordinary  oilskin  pantaloons 

Men's  and  ladies'  cufb  or  cotton  stuff,  with  or  without  ornament  and 
borders,  pairs 

Same,  of  linen,  or  with  pieces  of  cotton,  with  or  without  ornament 
and  borders,  pairs 

Fur  cufih,  pairs 

Men's  and  boys*  raglans,  cloth  or  cassimere 

Same,  with  cotton  mixture 

Men's  and  boys'  sacks  or  blouses  of  cassimere  or  woolen  cloth 

Same,  of  cotton  mixed  goods 

Same,  cotton  or  linen,  woolen  or  cotton,  alpaca,  or  like  goods 

Meq's  and  boys'  overcoats,  cloth  or  cassimere 

Same,  with  cotton  mi  xtnre 

Same,  cotton,  linen,  woolen,  or  cotton  alpaca,  or  like  goods 

Same,  of  rubber 

Same,  of  rubber,  in  form  of  poncho 

Same,  of  oiled  doth,  fur  sailors 


Unit. 


Dosen 

..  do.... 

. ...do  ..... 

...do.... 

Kilogram 


do 

.do 

.do 
.do 


One.. 
...do 


...  do. 

...do. 

....do  . 

...do. 

Dosen 

....do  . 

...do. 

...do. 

..  do. 

...do. 

...do. 

...do  . 

...do. 


do 
.do 


.do  . 
do. 


do 


...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
..  do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
One  . 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 


Kilognun 
...do.... 
DoEon  ... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 


.do 


...do. 
...do. 
One... 
...do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..  do. 
...do. 
...do. 
...do 
...do. 
...do. 
Bosen 


Valn». 
tion. 


8  00 
18  00 
30  00 
48  00 

1  10 

3  50 


12  00 

24  00 

40  00 

25  00 

8  00 

13  00 


2 
5 
1 
3 

4 


1 
2 
2 
5 


50 
00 
00 
00 
00 
75 
12 
25 
00 
SO 
00 


3  50 

7  00 


18  00 
9  00 

24  00 

36  00 

9  00 

15  00 

48  00 

8  00 
24  00 
28  00 
42  00 
15  00 
15  00 
10  00 
10  00 

6  00 
3  00 

10  00 

9  00 
24  00 
18  00 

9  00 
6  00 

2  50 

8  56 

5  00 
10  00 


7 

4 


00 
00 


2  00 


1 
9 
6 


25 
00 
00 
2  00 
2  50 
250 
800 


TABIFFS   OF  THE   SEVEBAL  OODNTHIES. 


449 


A. — Ariiolea  which  pay  a  duty  of  35  per  cent — Continued. 
a.6BNBBAX  HERCHAKDISE. 


Ka 


U74 

1175 

1176 
1177 
1178 
1179 
1180 
1181 
1182 
1183 

1184 

1185 
1186 

1187 

1188 

1189 

261 

073 

161 

287 

288 

628 

629 
530 
772 


801 

806 
811 

812 

280 
200 

14 
15 
16 

857 

858 

867 

1060 

1200 
1211 

1212 

1213 
1214 

884 

2 
3 

4 

5 
6 

7 

8 

0 
10 
11 
12 


Artiole,  &o. 


ClothiDir,  ready  made— Contixiaed. 

Children's  suits  (2  or  3  pieces),  oassimere,  wool,  or  cotton  mixed 
goods,  trousers  not  more  than  85  centimeters  long 

Same,  cotton,  linen,  cotton  or  woolen  alpaca,  or  like  goods,  trousers 
a8inNo.ll74 

Men's  suits,  cotton  or  linen,  2  or  3  pieces 

Ladies'  and  misses'  gowns  and  dresses,  cotton  or  linen,  plain 

Same,  with  ornaments  of  any  kind  but  silk 

Same,  with  silk  ornaments 

Ladies'  dresses,  wool  or  cotton  mixture,  without  silk  ornaments 

Same,  silk  or  silk  and  cotton  mixture,  without  silk  ornaments 

Same,  silk  or  silk  and  cotton  mixtm-e,  ornaments  of  beads,  lace,  velvet. 

Same,  silk  velvet  or  plush,  or  silk  and  cotton  mixture,  plain  or  orna- 
mented  

Same,  grenadine,  thread  crape,  canton  crape,  or  with  cotton  mixture. 

Ladier  bath  dresses,  wool  or  linen.  2  pieces 

Children's  short  dresses,  silk  velvet  or  silk  and  cotton  mixture,  plain 
or  ornamented 

Same,  of  silk,  cloth,  or  cashmere,  with  or  without  cotton  mixture 

Same,  of  other  class,  of  woolen  or  cotton  mixture 

Same,  of  cotton  or  linen  stuff 

Cococmutsof  Panama 

Combs  of  ivory,  packing-boxes,  Sec,  included 

Confections^  packages  and  cornucopias  for,  gross  weight 

Corsets  for  ladies : 

Cotton  or  linen -.. 

Silk 


Unit 


ion 


Crackers: 

Common,  without  sugar  or  Inrd,  diameter  over  8  centimeters,  gross 

weight 

Same,  d uuneter  less  than  8  centimeters,  gross  weight 

All  classes,  prepared  with  sugar  or  laru,  gross  weight 

Crockery,  articles  of,  fine,  with  or  without  other  mateiials,  not  elsewhere 

specified,  gross  weight 

Crystal:                                                                                                      • 
Fine  articles,  with  or  without  other  materials,  not  elsewhere  speci- 
fied, gross  weight . 

Olaaa  lanterns,  gross  weight 

Plain  glass,  over  4  millimeters  thick  (to  be  valued  like  mirrors,  with 
50  per  cent  discount),  to  be  appraised. 

Plain  glass,  colored,  frosted,  or  suuned,  gross  weight ■ 

Curtains: 

Cambric,  gauze,  lipen.  or  muslin,  plain,  worked  or  bordered 
Imitation  guipure,  pointe,  or  tulle,  bordered  or  **d'applioatii 
Curtain  clasps : 

Cotton,  medium  grade,  pairs 

Cotton,  of  all  other  classes,  pairs • 

Wool,  silk,  mixed  goods,  or  other  material,  pairs 

Damask  linen : 

In  cases,  gross  weight 

In  packages  and  bundles,  gross  weight 

Dates,  gross  weight 

Doors  and  windows  of  wood,  to  be  appraised. 
Dry  goods: 

Napkins  and  table-cloths  of  linen  damask,  gross  weight 

Table  covers,  linen  or  cotton  mixed  duuask,  $0,006  for  every  cenU* 

meter  of  width 

Table  covers,  cloth,  cashmere,  flannel,  linen  or  cotton  mixed  rep, 

$0,012  for  every  centimeter  of  width 

Same,  with  silk  ornaments,  $0.02  for  every  centimeter  of  width 

Table  covers  of  woolen  or  cotton  mixea  velvet  or  Jute,  $0,015  for 

every  centimeter  of  width 

Hollands  or  linen  cambric,  gross  weight 

Fans: 

Palm-leaf 

Paper,  slats,  cardboard,  or  wood,  with  or  without  ornaments 

Wood,  plain  or  stained,  slata  smooth  or  carved,  pnper  or  plain  cotton 

ground 

WoM,  varnished  or  pidnted,  ribs  smooth  or  carved,  paper  or  plain 

cotton  ground 

Bone,  sandalwood,  ebony,  ooooanut,  rosewood,  varnished,  carved,  or 

studded,  naper  or  pUin  cotton  ground 

Wood,  vamisned  or  painted,  ribs  smooth  or  carved,  silk  or  mixed 

ground 

Bone,  sandalwood,  ebony,  roaewood,  cocoanut,  gilded  or  carved,  silk 

or  mixed  ground 

Mother  of  pearl,  ribs  smooth,  gilded,  carved,  or  studded,  paper  ground . 

Same  as  No.  0;  silk  or  mixed  ground 

Oriental  mother  of  pearl,  tortoise  shell,  or  ivory,  paper  ground 

Same  as  Nail;  silk  or  mixed  ground 

1784  CONG — A  P 29 


One. 


do 

do 

.do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 
do 
do 


...  do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
Hundred. 
Kilogram 


Dozen 
..do. 


Kilogrun 


.do 


.do 
do 


.do 


Pair. 
...do 


Dozen 
...do  . 
...do- 


Kilogram 
...dS.... 
...do.... 


...do. 
Meter 


do 
.do 


...do.... 
Kilogram 


Dozen 
....do  . 


.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


Valua- 
tion. 


4  00 


2 
3 


00 
00 


8  00 
10  00 
20  00 
30  00 
70  00 
100  00 

200  00 

80  00 

6  00 

20  00 
8  00 


5 
1 
2 


00 
00 
00 
15 
00 


15  00 
60  00 


07 
80 
60 


20 


50 
25 


2 

5 


12 

50 
00 


2  50 

6  00 

24  00 


1 
2 


65 
00 
85 


2  50 


07 

40 
2  00 

1  00 

2  50 

6  00 

000 

15  00 
80  00 
40  00 
60  00 
96  00 


450 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


A. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent, — Continaed. 
a.  6ENEBAL  MERCHANDISE. 


No. 


13 

1039 

632 

450 

479 

480 

85 

262 

987 
988 

489 

490 

491 

835 

488 

484 
465 
486 


520 
521 

868 


869 

870 
871 


872 
873 

874 


1000 
829 

718 
719 
720 
721 
722 
723 
724 

725 
100 


788 
780 
790 
791 
792 
793 


Article,  &o. 


Fans— Continued. 
•  Superfine  with  stones,  silk  or  fine  laces,  to  be  appraised. 

Featbi-rs,  all  classes  for  hat  ornaments,  gross  weight 

Figs,  dried,  gross  weight 

Fignres: 

Stamps,  engravings,  models,  or  maps  (of  all  classes,  except  machine- 

maae)  on  paper,  grot^  weight 

Fancy  work  for  table  ornaments  of  plaster  of  paris,  crockery,  eai  th- 
en ware,  wood,  metal,  mother  of^ pearl,  alabaster,  porcelain,  clay 

or  glas9,  with  or  without  other  materials,  bulk 

Same,  incases  with  other  goods,  by  bulk. 

Filbeils,  gross  weight 

Fireworks.  Chinese,  artificial,  gross  weight 

Fish : 

Dried,  gross  weight 

In  brine,  in  wooden  vessels,  gross  weight 

Flower-potij : 

All  classes,  except  of  china,  porcelain,  glass,  or  crystal,  to  be  appraised. 
Flowers : 

Artificial,  in  branches,  or  any  other  ornaments,  including  packing- 
boxes,  &.0 

Foot-muffs,  of  hide  or  other  material 

Frames: 

Of  wood,  gilded  or  varnished,  for  pictures,  to  be  vnlued  as  mirrors, 

with  50  per  cent,  discount 

Fringes  of  cotton : 

For  dress-trimming,  with  or  without  beads,  including  packing-boxes, 

&c — 

Of  cotton,  with  or  without  other  material,  for  upholstering,  including 

packing-boxes,  6cc , 

Of  wool,  for  di  CHS  ti  imming,  with  or  without  beads  or  other  mateiial, 

including  packing-boxes,  6cc 

Of  wool,  for  upholstering,  without  or  with  beads  or  other  material, 

includinf4  packing  boxes.  See 

Fruits : 

lu  water,  mm,  or  their  own  juice,  gross  weight 

Dried,  not  elsewhere  Hpecified,  gross  weight 

Furniture : 

Lounges,  chairs,  sofas  or  arm-chairs,  of  wood,  with  seat  and  back  of 
same  material,  put  toget  her  or  in  separate  pieces,  with  or  without 

pieces  of  iron,  painted  or  vumishcd,  gi'osM  weight 

Same  as  Ko.  8b8,  upholstered  with  cloth,  leather,  or  imitation,  gross 

weight 

Same  as  No.  8C8,  seat  of  gi-aas  hemp,  or  cane,  wool,  dec,  gross  weight. . 
Same  as  No.  868,  upholstered  in  white,  made  up  or  in  separate  pieces, 
with  or  without  pieces  of  iron,  plain,  painted,  or  varnished,  gross 

weight 

Same  as  No.  86^^,  of  ordinary  wood,  as  pine,  fir,  beach,  and  oak,  not 
elsewhere  specified,  with  or  without  mirrors  or  marbles,  set  up 

or  detached,  plain,  painted,  or  varnished,  gross  weight 

Same,  of  fine  woo<ls,  as  mahogany,  cedar,  loeewood,  walnut,  sandal- 
wood and  the  like,  not  elsewhere  specified,  with  or  without 
miiTors  or  marbks,  plain,  painted  or  varnished,  made  up  or  de- 
tached, including  ordinary  woods  with  trimmings  of  fine  woods, 

gioss  weight 

Gilded,  inlaid  with  mother  of  pearl  or  with  metallic  ornaments,  with 
or  without  mirrors  or  marbles,  plain  or  upholstered,  or  cane- 
seated,  made  up  or  detached,  gross  weight 

Furs  prepared  for  ornaments  or  coverings,  to  be  appraised. 
Fur  mufla  for  ladies,  to  be  Mppraised. 
Games : 

C hessmen  of  wood  or  bone 

Chessmen  of  ivory 

Dice,  of  bone,  shell,  or  ivory 

Checker-boards,  of  wood 

Domiiios,  of  bone  or  wood  (28  pieces)  

Loto  (lotterv)  of  48  cards,  in  caaes  of  wood  or  cardboard 

Billiard-tables  with  12  cues,  4  balls,  1  marker  (tee  aUo  under  Bil- 
liards)  

Card-counters,  bone,  mother  of  pearl,  or  ivory 

Playing-cards,  all  kinds   

Glass  (tee  alto  Cr>'stal) :  Panes,  varnished  or  treated  with  mercury, 
measurement  shall  be  taken  of  the  surface  and  valued  according 
to  the  following  scale : 

From  8,001  to  0,126  square  centimeters 

From  9, 127  to  9,021  square  centimeters 

From  9,922  to  10,751  square  centimeters 

From  10,752  to  11,616  square  centimeters 

From  11,617  to  12,510  square  centimeters 

From  12,511  to  13,441  square  centimeters 


Unit 


Kilogram 
..do..... 


.do 


Cub.  docixn. 

...do 

Kilogram .. 
...do. 


do 
do 


...do.. 
Dozen 


One. 


Kilogram 


.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 
.do 


do 

do 
.do 


do 


do 


Dozen 
...do  ,. 
..do.. 
..do.. 
..do.. 
..do.. 


One 

Hundred 
Gross 


One. 
.do 
..do 
..do 
.  do 
..do 


ValuA. 
tion. 


$60  00 
18 


1  50 


25 
40 
10 
37 

17 
12 


12  00 
9  00 


2  00 
1  00 

3  00 

1  50 

30 
10 

12 

75 
25 

55 

25 

50 
80 


18  00 

120  00 

60 

9  00 

6  00 

4  00 

220  00 

2  00 

16  00 

20  00 

22  00 

24  00 

27  00 

30  00 

38  00 

TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


451 


A. — ArUcleB  wMch  pay  a  duijt  of  ^per  cent. — Continned. 
a.  GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


No. 


794 
7» 
796 
797 
798 
709 
AOO 
■801 
802 
•803 
804 
805 
.806 
807 
808 
809 
810 
811 
812 
«13 
.814 
815 


e20 
621 
«22 
623 
624 
889 
524 
525 

1048 

1261 

1292 

155 

718 

913 
914 
915 
930 
1284 

1222 
1223 
1224 
1225 
1226 
1.127 
1228 
1229 
1282 
1283 

1284 

1236 
1287 
1289 
1241 

1242 
1243 

1245 
1246 
1248 
1249 

1277 
1278 

1855 


Article,  Slc, 


Glass — Continued. 

From  13,442  to  14,406  sqoare  centimeters 

From  14,407  to  15,401  square  centimeters 

From  15,402  to  16,432  square  centimeters 

From  16,433  to  17,496  square  centimeters ^ 

From  17,497  to  18,816  square  centimeters 

From  18,817  to  19,050  stiuare  centimeters 

From  19,151  to  21,121  square  centimeters 

From  21,122  to  22,326  square  centimeters 

From  22,327  to  23,6C0  square  centimeters 

From  23,661  to  24.831  square  centimeters 

From  24,832  to  26, 136  square  centimeters 

From  26,137  to  27,469  square  centimeters 

From  27,470  to  28,841  square  centimeters ■ .. 

From  28,842  to  30,246  square  centimeters 

From  30,247  to  31.680  sqnaie  centimeters 

From  31,681  to  33,151  square  centimeters 

From  33,152  to  34,049  square  centimeters 

From  34,950  to  36,600  square  centimeters 

From  36,601  to  38,200  square  centimeters 

From  38,201  to  40,000  square  centimeters ■ 

From  40,001  to  41,500  square  centimeters 

Glass,  without  mercury,  over  4  millimeters  thick,  for  show-windows,  to 
be  measured  by  the  preceding  scale,  with  a  redaction  of  60  per 

cent 1 

Gloves : 

Cotton  point,  ordinary,  fnt>ss  weight 

Lisle  thread,  gross  weight 

Of  wool,  with  or  without  nap,  gross  weight 

Woolen  point  (including  packings) 

Of  fur  (includiuj;  packings)  

Gold  in  pieces  for  dmner  or  tea  service 

Gun  ca^esof  leather 

Revolver  cases,  of  leatber,  japanned,  or  chamois,  with  or  withoat 

belt 

Gunpowder  for  sportsmen  

Gun-wads,  prepared,  groHs  weight     

Game-bags,  for  sportshien,  hemp  thread,  net,  or  skin 

Hair,  human,  prepared  or  not ■ 

Hams,  gross  weight 

Handkerchiefs : 

Hemstitched 

Linen,  with  letters  worked  or  embroidered,  single  point 

Same  as  No.  914,  double  point  or  more 

Cassimere 

Harness  for  carriages 

Hats: 

Sailors'  or  workingmen's  caps  of  baiae  or  oiled  cloth 

Of  caoutchouc 

Of  horsehair,  straw,  cotton  stuff,  or  cotton  and  wool  mixture 

Caps  of  cloth  or  any  kind  of  wool,  silk,  or  mixture 

Caps,  for  children,  cotton  or  hnen,  without  silk  ornaments 

Same,  with  silk  ornaments 

Caps,  for  babes,  lineu.'wool,  or  silk,  resembling  hats .*. . 

Caps,  for  babes,  silk  or  mixed  velvet,  with  or  without  ornaments — 

Of  silk  or  mixed  plush,  for  soldiers  or  priests,  complete  or  incomplete . 

Same,  with  high  or  low  crown,  complete  or  untrimmed,  with  or  with- 
out hat-boxes 

Of  beaver  or  imitation,  high  crown,  trimmed  or  not,  with  or  withoat 
hat-boxes 

For  men  or  boys,  of  cloth  or  any  kind  of  wool  or  silk 

For  same,  of  linen  or  cotton 

Of  wool,  silk  or  fur,  not  trimmed  nor  adorned,  for  children  and  ladies. 

All  other  classes  for  ladies  or  children,  except  of  silk  or  mixed  velvets, 
and  those  with  laces  or  fine  trimming 

Same  lor  babes 

Silk  or  mixed  velvets,  or  with  laces  and  trimmings  for  ladies  and 
children 

Straw,  ordinary,  gross  wei  ght 

Fine  straw 

Straw,  not  elsewhere  specified,  ontrimmed 

Same,  trimmed,  for  men  and  boys 

Hat  boxes  or  cases : 

Of  cardboard   

Same,  of  cloth  or  skin 

Labels  or  tickets : 

Paper,  gilded  or  bronzed,  plain  or  printed,  in  books  or  sheets,  for 
drag  bottles , 


Unit. 


One.. 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
..  do 
..  do 
...do 
..  do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
.'..do 
...do 
..  do 
...do 
...do 
...do 


Valua- 
tion. 


$36  00 

39  00 

43  00 

47  00 

51  00 

56  00 

59  00 

64  00 

69  00 

74  00 

79  00 

84  00 

90  00 

96  00 

102  00 

108  00 

114  00 

120  00 

126  00 

186  00 

160  00 


.do 


Kilogram 

...  do 

...do.... 
...do.... 
..  do.... 

Gram" 

Dozen  .... 


..do.... 
Kilogram 

Dozen  ... 
Kilogram 


Dozen  .... 

...do 

...do.... 
Kilogram 
One 


Dozen 

..  do. 

...do. 

...do. 

...  do  . 

do. 

...do. 

...do. 

One... 


.do 


...do. 

Dozen 

..do. 

....do  . 


.do 
.do 


One 

Kilogram 

Dozen  — 
...do.... 


do 
do 


2  50 
5  00 
8  00 

5  00 
80  00 

80 
24  00 

12  00 

45 

00 

24  00 

20  00 

30 

2  50 

6  00 
24  00 
20  (y) 
60  00 


2 
3 
6 


50 
00 
00 
8  00 
2  50 
6  00 
12  00 
24  00 
5  no 

2  60 

4  00 
14  00 

8  00 
12  00 

24  00 
12  00 


7 

4 


00 
00 
8  00 
6  00 
8  00 


Elilogram 


2  00 
30  00 


18  00 


*Gram= 15.488  grains. 


452 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


A. — Artiolea  whiakpay  a  duty  of  'Sbper  cent, — Contlnaed. 
o.  GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


Na 


1866 

888 
887 


838 
834 
845 

843 
844 
494 

495 
496 
497 
271 
472 

749 


423 
424 
426 
426 
427 
426 
429 
430 
431 
432 
433 
434 
435 
436 
437 
848 
439 
440 
441 
442 
443 
444 
445 
446 

863 

657 
658 
659 
660 
661 
662 
663 
664 
665 
666 
667 
668 
671 
672 
678 
674 
675 
676 
677 
678 
679 
681 
682 
683 
684 
685 
686 
687 
688 


Article,  &o. 


Labels  or  tickets— Continned. 

Of  all  other  classes 

Laces: 

Llnm,  ordinary  and  fair,  frross  weight 

Linen,  fine,  Chantilly,  Dncness,  Medici,  English  point,  Valenciennes 

&c.,  including  boxes 

Lard: 


Of  beef  or  hog,  in  tin  cans,  gross  weight. 


Same  in  barrels,  gross  weigl 

Mantel  pieces  or  stove  tops,  mM'ble,  gross  weight 

Masks: 

Varnished  cardboard,  all  sizes 

Of  wire,  wax,  or  silk,  all  sizes 

Match-boxes,  mother-of-peiffl  or  ivory 

Matches: 

Of  wood,  gross  weiffht 

Of  wax,  gross  weight 

Of  paper,  gross  weight 

Mattresses  wiUi  springs • 

Mats,  hemp  or  grass,  with  or  without  woolen  boarders,  loss  than  120  cen- 

tiroeters  long 

Milk,  preserved,  pure  or  in  simple  simp,  gross  weijrht 

MiiTors,  best  classes;  square,  wooden  frune.    Surface  to  be  measured 
and  appraised  as  per  scale  following : 

From   8,001  to   9,126  square  centimeters 

From    9,127  to   9,921  square  centimeters 

From   9,922  to  10,751  square  centimeters 

From  10,752  to  11,616  square  centimeters 

From  11,617  to  12,510  square  centimeters 

•    From  12,511  to  13,441  square  centimeters 

From  13,442  to  14,406  square  centimeters 

From  14,407  to  1^,401  square  centimeters 

From  15,402  to  16,432  square  centimeters 

From  16,433  to  17.496  square  centimeters  ....' 

From  17,497  to  18,816  square  centimeters 

From  18,817  to  19,950  square  centimeters 

From  19,951  to  21,121  square  centimeters 

From  21,122  to  22,326  square  centimeters 

From  22,327  to  23,660  square  centimeters 

From  23,661  to  24,831  square  centimeters 

From  24,832  to  26,136  square  centimeters 

From  26,137  to  27,469  square  centimeters 

From  27,470  to  28,841  square  centimeters 

From  28,842  to  30,246  square  centimeters..... '.. 

From  30,247  to  31,680  square  centimeters 

From  31,681  to  33,151  square  centimeters 

From  ^3,152  to  34,949  square  centimeters 

Mirrors,  oval  or  elliptical,  wood  frame,  to  be  valued  by  the  preceding 
scale  with  an  increase  of  25  per  cent.,  to  be  appraised. 

Mosaics  of  wood,  gross  weight 

Musical  instruments : 

Violin  bows 

Cello  bows 

Mouth-pieces,  wood  or  metal 

Accordeons,  np  to  22  centimeters  long  .......* : 

Accordeons,  up  to  27  centimeters  long 

Accordeons,  up  to  32  centimeters  long 

Accordeons,  more  than  32  centimeters  long,  plain  or  ornamented 

Harmonium,  up  to  4  octaves 

Harmonium,  double-pedal,  key-board ,  4  octaves 

All  mouth  instrumftnts  of  metal  for  bands,  except  comets  and  clarions. 

Bass  drums  for  bands : 

Regimental  drums 

Music  boxes,  with  crank,  less  than  7  centimeters  long 

Same,  with  metal  cylinder,  8  to  14  centimeters  long 

Same,  15  to  30  centimeters  long 

Same,  81  to  41  centimeters  long 

Same,  42  to  51  centimeters  long 

Same,  ovei  51  centimeters  long,  to  be  appraised. 

Organ-pip.^ 

Comets  <Uid  ciurions  for  teoops 

Clarioneitt  (i-eouintos) 

Orchestral  bells  (chinescos) 

Flutes,  of  woud,  one  key 

Same,  up  to  five  keys 

Same,  or  more  than  5  keys 

Guitars,  ordinary,  of  white  wood 

Same,  all  other  classes , 

Metronomes ,.... 

Small  flutes  (oct8.vines)  wood 


Unit 


Kilogram 
..do 


do 

do 

do 

.do 


Dozen 
...do.. 
...do.. 


Kilogram 

...do'.'.'.'.'. 
One 


Dozen  .... 
Kilogram 


One. 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
..do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 


Kilogram 


Dozen 

...do.. 

..do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

..do.. 

..do.. 

..do.. 

..do.. 

One... 


.ao 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


..do.. 
..do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
Dozen 
One... 
...do.. 
...do.. 


Valua- 
tion. 


13  7S 

10  60 

60  00 

25 
20 

20 

1  00 

6  00 

15  00 

20 

75 

07 

12  00 

18  00 
35 


40  00 

44  00 

48  00 

54  00 

60  00 

66  00 

72  00 

78  00 

88  00 

04  00 

102  00 

110  00 

118  00 

128  00 

138  00 

148  00 

158  00 

168  00 

180  00 

102  00 

204  00 

216  00 

228  00 


30 

6  00 

12  00 

60 

4  00 

9  00 

15  00 
86  00 
90  00 
50  00 
10  00 
12  00 

8  00 

1  00 

2  50 
10  00 

16  00 
20  00 

10  00 

8  00 

10  00 

10  00 

1  00 

2  00 
12  00 
15  00 

8  00 
800 
1  00 


TASIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTBIES. 


453 


. — Artioles  which  pay  a  duty  of  35  per  owi, — Continued, 
a.  GENXBAL  HXBCHAin>ISE. 


ITa 


«89 

eoo 

601 
692 
693 
094 
695 
696 
697 
690 


700 
701 
702 
703 
704 
706 
707 
708 
700 
710 
396 
316 
885 
892 
140 
141 
815 
128 

758 
OQl 
047 
953 
955 
870 

981 
982 
983 

498 
896 

897 

891 

1054 

1055 
1324 
1068 

274 
969 

1298 
1299 
1109 
1201 
1200 
1197 
822 

452 
463 
454 

60 

80 
90 

91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
836 


Artlole,  &0. 


Mnsioal  InBtramento— Continaed. 

Harmonic  orsans,  1  register,  4  ootayes 

Same,  to  5  roisters,  5  ootavee 

Same,  to  11  reiriatera,  5  octaves 

Same,  to  14  registera,  5  ootayee 

SamOito  18  registers,  5  octaves 

Same,  up  to  21  registers,  5  octaves 

Same,  more  than  21  registers,  to  be  appraised. 

Hand-organs 

Timbrels  for  band  

Pianos,  horizontal  or  long,  with  legs ;  of  any  wood  or  woods,  com- 
plete or  incomplete,  pat  together  or  detached,  with  or  withoat 
pedestals,  up  to  2  meters  long 

Same,  over  two  meters  long 

Same,  npright,  otherwise  same  as  No.  600 

Fifes 

Cymbals  for  bands 

Inimis.  with  tighteuing  cords  or  screws 

Same,  for  orchestra  (pairf) 

Triangles 

Violins,  without  case,  with  bow  or  not 

Coanterbass,  withoat  case,  with  bow  or  not 

Cellos,  withoat  case,  with  bow  or  not 

Twisted  strings  for  instruments 

Cat-gut  for  strines  for  instruments,  gross  weight 

Orders,  accounts,  policies,  invoices.  &c..  on  cotton  paper,  gross  weight... 

Oysters  in  water,  or  tin,  glass,  or  china  packing,  gross  weight 

Pack-thread,  white  or  unbleached  linen,  in  boxes,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  bundles  or  packages,  gross  weight 

Paintings  in  oil,  per  square  decimeter,  including  ftwne 

Paper  bags,  for  packing,  gilded  or  plated,  gross  weight 

Paper  : 

Packages,  for  cigarettes,  gross  weight 

Brown,  for  wrapping,  gross  weight « 

Of  cotton,  for  cigarettes,  gross  weight 

For  rooms,  fire-gilded,  striped,  or  plated,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

For  rooms,  common  gilded,  gross  weight 

Peaches,  dried,  gross  weight 

Perfnmery: 

Floridfa  water,  Kananga,  Duchess, Divine,  or  Celestial,  gross  weight.. 

Ordinarv  toilet  soap,  withoat  wrapping,  gross  weight.     — 

Soap,  all  other  classes,  not  elsewhere  specified,  and  toilet  soap  with 

wrapping,  groi*s  weight 

Photographs,  all  cla8s<^s,  without  frame,  gross  weight 

Pickles,  of  all  kinds  of  garden  produce,  in  water,  vinegar,  or  sance;  case 
of  glass,  crockery,  or  earthenware,  gross  weight. 

Same,  mburels 

Plaitinf^s,  gauze  or  silk  tulle,  with  laces,  &c.,  less  than  8  c^itimeters  wide. 

Porcelams,  articles,  painted  or  gilded,  with  or  without  other  materiids,  not 

elsewhere  specified,  in  oarrels  or  hogsheads,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  cases  and  other  packages,  gross  weight ^ 

Pork,  salt^  gross  weight 

Portmonnaies,  of  common  metals,  plated  or  gilded,  tortoise  shell,  mother- 
of-pearl,  ivory,  or  imitations 

Preserves  of  all  classes  for  food,  not  npecified,  gross  weight 

Raisins,  gross  weight 

Saddles: 

For  ladies,  with  or  without  furniture 

For  men  or  boys,  with  or  without  furniture 

Salmon  or  other  fish ;  Vessel  tin,  glass  or  clay,  gross  weight 

Sardines  preserved  and  prepared  in  oil,  gross  weight 

Sauces  of  all  kinds  gross  weight 

Sausages  of  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Skins,  otter,  for  ladies'  wear,  and  trimmings 

Statues: 

Clay  or  earth,  including  packing-boxes,  &c 

Marble,  gross  weight 

All  other  clnssos,  to  be  appraised. 

Stomach  bitters,  gross  weight 

Sugar: 

Refined,  loaf  Jump,  or  crushed ;  diy  or  moist ;  from  whatever  country . 

.White  (e.  j^.,  Kosa  £milia),  crushed  or  lump;  moist  or  dry;  80.434  per 
cent , 

Granulated,  first  product,  moist  or  dry;  60.809  per  cent 

Granulated,  second  product,  moist  or  dry ;  45.652  per  cent 

Nos.  20, 19, 18, 17,  Dutch  chamber,  moist  or  dry ;  70.434  per  cent 

Nos.  16, 15, 14, 13jpatch.&hamb^r,  moist  or  dry ;  58.695  per  cent 

Nos.  12, 11, 10, 9,  Dutch  chamber,  moist  or  drv;  45.652  per  cent 

Nos.  8  to  1,  Dutch  chamber,  moist  or  dry ;  37.S26  percent 

Coarse^  in  small  cakes •, 


Unit 


One. 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 


.do 
.do 


...do , 

...do 

...do 

Doien 

Pair 

One 

...do 

...do 

••*> 

...do 

...do 

Kilogram.. 

...do. 


do 
...do 
...do 
...do 

8q.  decimeter 
Kilogram .. 


.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
do 
.do 

.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


...do.. 
...do.. 
Meter. 


Kilogram 
...do..... 
...do 


Dozen  ... 
Kilogram 
...do..... 


One 

...do 

Kilogram.. 
..  doT...... 

...do 

..do 

Dozen 


Cubic  deoim 
Kilogram... 


.do 


Quintal 


.do 
do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


Valna- 
tion. 


186  00 
60  00 
85  00 
125  00 
150  00 
225  00 

00  00 
2  00 


850  00 
000  00 
226  00 

200 
10  00 

800 
100  00 

1  60 

8  00 

15  00 
10  00 

600 

0  60 

1  00 
25 

220 

266 

80 

80 

126 
14 
40 

1  00 
45 
20 

80 
40 

76 
4  00 

20 
10 
25 

15 
20 
20 

18  00 
60 
20 

24  00 

16  00 
25 
87 
80 
60 

120  00 

06 
20 

26 

28  00 

18  60 
14  00 
10  60 
16  20 
13  60 
10  50 
8  70 
8  70 


454 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


A. — ArHolea  wMoh  pay  a  duty  of  35  per  cent — Continaed. 
a.  GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


No. 


887 
714 
880 
841 
842 


1025 
1026 

1027 
202 
726 


1204 
1205 

062 


204 

1267 

1268 
1260 

1270 
1271 
1272 
1273 
1274 


1866 
1867 

1860 

1870 
1871 
1400 
1364 
1383 
1802 
1887 

1884 
1385 
1402 

1410 
1411 
1412 

1413 
1414 
1416 
1416 

1417 

1886 

1407 
1408 
1868 

1876 
1876 

1878 

1880 
1888 
1880 
1425 


Article,  Sec 


Sagar— ContinnecL 

Coarse,  in  large  cakee,  groes  weight 

Simp  of  all  classes  except  medicines,  ttroM  weight 

Sweetmeats  in  simp,  crystals,  or  contections.  gross  weight 

Tiles  or  tablets,  marble  or  Jasper,  polished,  all  sizes,  gross  weight 

Same,  as  monuments  or  bas  reliefs,  with  or  without  ornaments,  gir- 
dles, or  figures,  not  elsewhere  specified,  gross  weight 

Tobacco  pipes: 

Coarse  clay,  gross  weight 

Of  wood  or  fine  day,  wiUi  or  without  other  material,  including 
boxes,  &4$    '... 

Meerschaum  or  chip,  including  boxes,  Sio 

Tortoise  shell,  articles  not  specified 

Toys,  wax,  rubber,  tin.  wood,  lead,  card-board,  crockery,  or  plaster  of 

P<u1s,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Traveling  bags: 

Skin,  canvas,  rubber.  Sec.,  not  valises 

YaliMos 

Trimmings: 

Cords,  braid,  straw  ornaments,  including  boxes.  &o 

Falsified  metals,  gilded-  or  plated,  with  or  without  cotton,  linen,  or 

silk  mixture,  including  boxes,  dtc 

Truffles,  gross  weight 

Trunks  or  valises: 

Wood  or  card -board,  paper,  tin,  canvas  or  sheep  lining,  up  to  75  cen- 
timeters long 


Same,  over  75  centimeters  long 

Wood,  covered  with  horse,  pig,  or  cow  skin,  or  imitations,  up  to  75 


centimeters  long 
Same,  over  75  centimeters  long  .. 
From  China,  in  set  of  two  trunks 

Same,  in  set  of  three  trunks 

Same,  in  set  of  four  trunks 

Same,  in  set  of  five  trunks 


b.  SILK  GOODS. 
Articles  of  silk: 

With  borders,  not  specified,  including  packings 

SameasNo.  1366,  without  borders 

Brocade: 

With  silver  thread,  with  or  without  gilding,  $0.1u  for  each  centim- 
eter of  width 

With  ordinary  metallic  thread,  $U.04  per  centimeter  of  width 

With  cotton  mixture,  $0.03  per  centimeter  wide 

Caps,  silk  or  silk  mixed 

Clasps,  silk  with  body  of  metal,  by  pairs 

Collarets,  silk  gauze,  tulle,  or  crape  

Corded  silk  for  embroidering,  gi-oss  weight 

Crape  (thread)  in  pieces,  including  packings 

Damask: 

Brocatel,  rep  or  raw  silk  for  famiture,  &o.,  including  packings 

With  cotton  or  wool  mixture  for  furniture,  including  packings,  &c... 

Gloves  and  mitts,  silk  or  mixed  goods,  plain,  worked,  or  edged 

Kerchiefs: 

Thread  silk,  bordered,  including  packings 

Thread  silk,  not  bordered,  induduig  packings 

For  hand  or  neck,  all  other  classes  oi  silk  except  fioss  silk,  including 

packings , 

Floss  silk,  including  packings 

Silk  and  cotton  mixea,  including  packings 

Black,  of  Chinese  silk,  inferior  quality  for  sailors'  cravats 

Of  gros,  pekin,  serge  or  tafiety  of  silk,  plain  or  ornamented,  fdl  sizes, 

Incluaing  packings 

Shawls,  veils,  scallops,  Stc.,  of  eauze,  grenadine,  levantine,  tulle,  or 

any  thin  silk  stufi*,  plain  or  worked!  including  packings 

Laces  or  suk  guipures,  or  or  mixed  goods,  plain  or  ornamented 

Mantos: 

Thread  silk,  edged,  including  packings,  &c 

Same,  not  edged,  including  packings 

Purses  for  mone}',  silk  point 

Ribbons: 

All  widths,  plain  silk,  including  packings 

Of  gros,  mohair,  or  raw  silk,  for  modist^  plain,  edged,  or  worked,  in* 

eluding  packings  

Transparent  silk,  cr6pe,  sauze,  tulle,  &c.,  plain,  fretted,  edged,  or 

worked,  including  packings 

Of  velvet  or  velveteen,  plain  or  flowered,  including  packings 

Of  silk-thread  cr^pe,  including  packings 

Of  silk  point,  gross  weight 

Cord,  twist,  fringes,  flounces,  braid,  &c.,  with  or  without  beads  or 
metal,  or  other  material  for  dress  ornaments,  including  pack- 
ings  


Unit. 


Yaloft. 
tion. 


Kilogram 
...do.... 
...do  .... 
...do.... 


.do 
.do 


...do 
...do 
Gram 


Kilogram 


One.. 
...do 


Kilogram 


do 
.do 


One.. 
...  do 


do 
.do 


Set 


do 

.do 

do 


Kilogram 
do  . 


Meter  .... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
Kilogram . 
Dozen  — 
Kilogram 

...do 

...do.... 


.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


...do. 

...do. 

...do. 

Dozen 


Kilogram... 


.do 
.do 


...do. 
...do. 
Dozen 


Kilogram 
...do   ... 


do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 


$0  1» 
30 
50 
15 

20 

IS 

70 

40  OO 

08 

50 

1  50 
8  00 

6  OO 

5  00 
1  00 


3  OO 

4  50 

7  00 
10  OO 
15  OO 
18  00 
30  00 
35  00 


40  00 
30  00 


80  00 
72  00 
60  00 
50  00 
20  00 

24  00 
15  00 
80  00 

40  00 
20  00 

25  OO 
15  00 
10  00 

8  00 

80  00 

50  00 
25  OO 

40  00 

20  OO 

2  25 

7  00 

18  00 

30  00 
25  00 
20  00 
10  00 


14  00 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   8EVKEAL   C0UN1RIE8. 


465 


A. — Articles  which  pay  a  duly  of  35  per  cewt.— Continued. 

h.  SILK  GOODS. 


Ko. 


1426 


1429 
1430 

1398 

1397 

1398 
1374 

1373 
1409 
1422 
1419 
1432 


Article,  Si-c. 


1499 
1500 

1501 
1502 
1503 

157? 
1574 
1575 
1550 
1508 

1690 
1773 

1511 
1640 
1661 
1662 

1857 
1858 

1611 
1648 
1667 
1673 

1849 

1561 
1562 
1563 
1564 
1565 
1644 
1645 
1677 
1811 
1812 
1830 
1838 
1843 
1543 
1571 
1776 

1409 
1470 
1613 
1481 
1784 
1540 
1541 
1831 


Kibbona— Continued. 

Cord,  twist,  fringes,  floances,  braid,  Sec,  -with  or  without  beads  or 
metal,  or  other  material  for  apholsterin;^  furniture,  including 

packings    

Sewing  silk  or  embroidery,  in  skeins,  including  packings 

Sewing  silk  or  embroidery,  on  spools,  including  packings  

Silk  stuff: 

All  classes,  plain  or  worked,  single  or  double  (except  thin  goods,  of 

crape,  plush,  velvet,  &o.),  including  packages,  Sec  

Crape,  gauze,  tulle,  point  grenadine,  thi-cad,  &c.,  plain  or  worked 

oy  machine '. 

Of  raw  silk,  including  packings,  Sec 

Shirts  and  drawers:  Silk  point  or  mixed  goods 

Stockings : 

For  gentlemen 

Ladies,  ^lu;.,  all  classes 

Sunshades,  handle  of  tortoise  shell,  mother-of-pearl,  or  ivory 

Umbrellas,  handles  same  as  No.  1422 

Velvet  ])lush  with  or  without  cotton  mixture,  {>lain  or  flowered,  includ- 
ing packings 


Unit 


e.  HARDWARE,  METALS,  ETC. 


Kilogram... 

...do 

Pair 


Baths  (shower)  of  brass,  painted  or  tinned 

Of  brass,  painted  or  tinned,  from  91  to  114  centimeters  long  at  the 

base do 

Same  as  1500,  over  114  centimeters  long  at  base do 

Sitz  ;  brass,  painted  or  tinned do 

Sponge ;  brass,  painted  or  tinned do 

Beds  and  cradles : 

Iron,  with  or  without  bronze  ornaments,  gross  weight Kilogram 

Of  bronze,  with  pieces  of  iron,  gross  weight     do 

,   Of  bronze,  without  pieces  of  iron,  gross  weight ...do 

Bells  of  metal  for  doors,  with  or  without  flxiures,  gross  weight do 

Bitta  of  iron,  wrought  or  cast,  for  horses,  with  or  without  bosses,  gross 

weight    do 

Buckles  of  plated  metal,  gross  weight do 

Cages,  iron  or  bronze  wire,  gross  weight do 

Carriage  triraroincs: 

Tips  of  iron  for  the  ends  of  axles,  gross  weight do 

Iron  axles  tipped  with  bronze,  gross  weight do 

Side  lights,  glass,  with  tin  or  brass. do 

Side  lights,  plated,  gilded  or  nickeled,  gross  weight do 

Clocks : 

Frame  of  wood,  iron,  or  brass,  or  metal  nickelod One . 

Frame  of  wood,  with  marble  pedestal  or  gilded  metal.    To  be  ap- 
pmise<l. 

Cornices  of  bronze,  gross  weight 

Enamel  or  tinsel ;  thin  brass-  leaves,  gross  weight 

Fencing  foils 

Flasks  (pocket)  for  liquors;  gbss  with  covering  of  straw,  leather,  or 
metal 

Grating  iron  ;  for  balconies,  gardens.  Sec. ,  gross  weight 

Guns: 

Carbines  and  rifles;  all  classes,  gross  weight do 

rastelK>ard  cartridges,  empty,  gross  weight do 

Pasteboanl  cartiidges,  chargetT  gross  weight do 

Metallic  cartridges,  empty,  gross  wtiglit do 

Metallic  cartHdges,  charged,  gross  weight do 

Shotguns,  single  barreleiC  gross  weight do 

Shotiiuns,  double  barreled,  gross  weight do 

Percussion  caps,  gross  weight do 

Shot  for  sportsmen,  gross  weight ..do 

Shot  pouc'.es,  with  or  without  metal  top.  gross  weight Dozen 

Pistols  and  revolvers,  all  classes,  gross  weight I  Kilogram  . 

Powder  horns  for  sportsmen ;  horn,  hide,  or  metal |  Dozen 

Daggers,  with  or  without  sheath,  gross  weight Kilogram 

Heaters,  for  bath  ;  tin,  cvlindrical ' One. 

Houses,  iron  or  wood.    To  be  appraised. 

Jewelry,  false,  not  specified,  with  or  without  pearls,  glass,  Sec,  gross 
weight 

Opera  glasst-s.  brass,  with  or  without  case -. . . 

Composition,  tortoise  shell,  mother-of-pearl,  ivory  or  imitation 

Penknives,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Plated  metal  articles,  not  spocitied.  gross  weight 

Punch-l)Owl3  of  wood,  with  or  without  pieces  of  crystal  or  glass 

Safes  for  money,  iron,  gross  weiglit 

Fire-proof,' gross  weight 

Silver,  made  up,  gilded  or  plain,  in  services  or  single  articles,  including 

packings do 


Kilogram 
...do  .... 
...do.... 


Valua- 
tion. 


.do 


— do  . 
...do. 
Dozen 


Kilogram 
do.... 
Dozen  — 
...do    ... 


Kilogram . . . 


One. 


Dozen 

Kilogram . . . 


Kilogram . . . 

One 

do 

Kilogram . . . 

..  do 

One 

Kilogram . . . 
do 


$6  00 

15  00 

7  00 


24  00 

60  00 
15  00 
30  00 

40  00 
50  00 
72  00 
60  OO' 

30  00 


25  00 


600 

12  00 

6  00 

4  00 

15 
45 

80 
1  00 

30 

1  60 

60 

15 

15 

1  00 

3  00 
04 


1  00 

2  75 

2  00 

600 

10 

SOO 

70 

50 

1  50 

1  00 

50 

1  50 

2  00 

12 

5  OU 

7  00 

6  OU 

1  UO 

4  00 

5  00 

4  00 

7  00 

2  50 

3  iM 

20  00 

12 

21 

I      80  00 


456 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


A. — Ariidea  which  pay  a  duty  of  35  per  oent. — CoDtinned. 
e.  HABDWABE,  METALS,  ETC. 


No. 


1663 
1632 
1668 
1867 

1477 
1408 
1782 
1881 


Article,  &o. 


Spurs  of  plAted  metal,  gross  weight 

Stoves,  d&c,  of  bronae,  gross  weight 

Swords,  rapiers,  sabers,  tipped  with  white  or  yellow  metal,  for  officers. . . 
Sabers,  with  or  without  sheath,  for  cavalry  or  boarding  sabers,  gross 

weight 

Staples  of  metal,  plated,  gn>ss  weight 

Trays,  pasteboara  or  composition,  gross  weight 

Tin  articles,  not  elsewhere  specified  gross  weight 

Wash-tubs,  plain  or  painted,  up  to  Oo  centimeters  diameter 


Unit. 


One 


Kilogram 
...dJ.... 
...do.... 
-.  do.... 
Dosen  .... 


VaifUb- 
lion. 


1  50 
1  00 
8  00 

00 

1  60 

70 

50 

8  00 


B. — AriicleB  which  pay  a  duly  of^  per  cent 
a.  GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


29 

87 

371 

58 
54 


127 
128 

1207 
126 
122 
717 

226 
227 

110 
111 
519 

265 
266 
267 
208 
269 

203 
313 
752 

255 
256 
257 
286 

507 
5U8 
509 
510 
511 

512 
513 
514 
515 
510 
517 
518 
134 

1062 

734 

737 
738 
235 
405 

151 
152 


Achiote  (a  spice) ,  gross  weight 

Advertisements  and  catalogues  of  merchandise,  gross  weight 

Alembics,  porcelain,  stone,  or  composition,  capacity  not  over  23  liters 
Almonds : 

Unshelled,  bitter  or  sweet,  gross  weight 

Shelled,  bitterer  sweet,  gross  weight 

Areometers,  for  weighing  liquids 

Bags,  paper: 

Fi *- 


For  packing,  pUin  or  painted,  gross  weisht 

Ordinary,  in  ImitAtion  of  gilded  or  plated,  with  or  without  printing, 


Kilogram 

— do 

One 


...do. 
..do. 
Dosen 


do 
do 


Liter 

...do 

Kilogram 


.-  do. 

...do. 

Dozen 

...do. 

Ono... 


Kilogram 
...do.... 
...do  .... 


gross  weight 

Bags  of  leather,  for  children's  school-books,  or  of  canvas  or  oilskin 

BaUs  (children's  marbles)  of  china,  gross  weight 

Bank  notes,  gross  weight 

Bank  drafts,  checks,  letters  of  credit,  gross  weight 

Barley : 

Pearl,  gross  weight 

Common,  gross  weight 

Barrels: . 

New,  put  tojgether  or  detached,  for  liquids 

Secona-hand 

Beans,  gross  weight 1.. 

Bed  coverlets : 

Of  cotton,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Of  cotton,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Of  woolen  and  cotton  mixed  damask,  cases 

Same,  in  packages 

Of  Vicufiaor  Guanaco  skin 

Beef: 

Salt,  or  salt  pork,  gross  weight 

Jerked,  groan  weight 

Beefs'  tongues,  dry  or  in  brine,  gitiss  weight 

Belts: 

Japanned  or  ordinary  leather,  for  children 

Of  leaf  her,  for  swords,  rapiers,  sabers,  mettil  clasps 

Of  silk,  for  swords,  &c 

Belting  for  machinery,  straps  of  leather  for,  gross  weight 

Blankets : 

Cotton,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weijjht . . . 

With  silk  biudiDg,  in  caoes,  gross  weight 

With  silk  binding,  iu  packages,  gross  weight 

Woolen  and  cotton  or  Jute  mixture,  not  better  than  sample  8,  in  cases, 
gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

All  other  classes,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

All  other  clbSHes,  in  packages,  grosH  weight 

•  Woolen,  interior  class,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Woolen,  inferior  class,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Woolen,  all  other  classes,  iu  cases,  gross  weiuht 

Woolen,  all  other  classes,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Bottles,  clay,  for  water,  with  or  without  saucers,  up  to  30  centimeters 

high 

Bracelets  of  rubber  or  cocoa-nuts,  gross  weight 

Bricks  or  tiles : 

Jasper  or  marble,  unpolished,  gross  weight 

Bath  or  Bristol,  gross  weight 

Ordinarj-,  for  building 

Bristles  (hogs'),  for  shoemakers,  gross  weight 

Brooms,  with  or  without  handles 

Brushes : 

For  shaving ' do 

For  printing  presses ••..••••••• do 


Kilogram 


..  do.... 
Doaen  ... 
Kilogram 
..do.... 
...do.... 


Dozen  ... 
..  do    ... 

One 

Kilogram 


do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


Dozen  ... 
Kilogram 


...do... 
...do-... 
Hundred. 
Kilogram 
Dozen  — 


40 
00 
00 


12 

30 

3  00 

27 

80 

5  00 
27 

14  00 
2  50 

12 
03 

02 
01 
04 

80 

1  00 

16  00 

30  00 

25  00 

12 
25 
20 

1  00 
36  00 

6  00 
1  50 

55 
67 
65 
80 


48 
60 
20 
50 
10 
40 
95 
25 

00 
50 

02 
04 
25 
00 
00 


3  00 
800 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


457 


B. — ArtioUa  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  omU — Continued, 
a.  GENERAL  HEKCHANDI8E. 


Ko. 


230 
231 
232 
233 

743 
744 

136 
127 

138 
139 

119 
120 
121 
224 
169 
58 
613 

893 

894 

1341 

769 
770 
198 
201 

1302 
1303 
1304 
1305 

933 
21 
213 
215 
216 
217 

210 
211 
526 
112 

989 
990 
1323 
200 
474 
150 

28 

156 
157 

104 
195 
845 
258 
259 

071 
072 
074 
076 


280 
281 

282 
283 
284 


Article,  &o. 


Brashes — Continned. 

Fornhoefl 

For  hair,  table,  clothing,  or  hat,  ordinary  and  media m 

For  hair,  table,  clothing,  or  hat,  fine 

For  teeth  and  nails 

Banting : 

Woolen,  for  flags,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

For  flagis,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Buttons : 

Of  china,  porcelain,  or  class,  gross  weight 

Of  whalebone,  robber,  nom,  wood,  bone,  ivory,  mother«of-pear1,  pa- 
pier niach6,  or  composition,  gross  weight 

Of  ordinary  metal  (except  stnds,&c.),  gross  weight 

All  ofher  classes  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Blacking : 

Of  copper  or  bronze  water,  for  harnesses,  in  common  bottles 

In  wood  or  tin  boxes,  for  shoes,  gross  weisht 

In  earthenware  jars,  for  shoes,  gross  weight 

CsQao  shells,  gross  weight - 

Calfskin,  tops,  half  tops,  and  gaiters,  for  boots  and  shoes 

Canary  seed,  gross  weight 

Caps  of  cotton  poi  n t,  gross  weight 

Candles: 

Cotton  wicks for.in  cases, gross  weight 

Same  in  packages,  gross  weight  —   ■ 

Suet,  gross  weight 

Canvas: 

Linen  or  cotton  for  ships'  sails.  No.  7  and  over,  gross  weight 

Hemp  or  jate,  for  ships'  sails.  No.  7  and  over,  gross  weight 

Caramel  (to  color  brandv) 

Carbon,  in  crayons  for  drawing 

Cards: 

Visiting,  gross  weight * 

For  photographs,  gross  weight 

Fancy,  for  saintations,  cross  weight 

Caid-cases,  ivory,  mother-of  pearl,  tortoise  shell,  or  imitations 

Card -board : 

Oili-d,  for  card  presses,  by  leaves 

Ordinary,  drab  color,  gross  weight 

Tarred.'for  roofing,  gross  weight 

Fine,  for  visiting  cards,  gross  weight 

Fine,  for  photographs,  engraving,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Perforated,  for  embroidery,  gross  weight 

Card  cases : 

Ordinary  leather,  staff;  paper,  or  their  imitations 

Russia  leather  or  imitation 

Case«,  straw,  tor  packing  bottles  or  flasks,  gross  weight 

Casks,  wood,  up  to  12  liters  capacity 

Carpets: 

Straw,  fVom  Peru,  Guatemala,  Manila,  gross  weight 

Of  hemp.  Jute,  or  cocoa  fiber,  gross  weight  ..  

Chalk  for  schools,  tailors,  billiard  cues,  including  packages 

Charcoal,  in  pieces,  for  kitchen,  gross  weight 

Checks,  of  rubber,  gross  weisht 

Chests  for  tea,  of  china,  wood,  japanned  or  ornamented,  up  to  30  centime* 

terslong 

Chicory,  ground,  gross  weight 

Chocolate: 

With  or  without  shells,  gross  weight 

Ground  or  powdered,  gross  weight 

Cinnamon : 

Whole,  gross  weight 

Ground  (cassia),  gross  weight 

Clay,  whitening  or  white  lead,  in  small  cakes,  gross  weight 

Cloves,  gross  weight 

Cloves,  ground,  gross  weight 

Combs: 

Of  wood,  gross  weight 

Of  horn,  bone,  rubber,  Sec,  gross  weight : 

Of  imitation  ivory,  including  packages 

For  ladies'  hair,  of  composition,  paste,  horn,  bone,  gum,  or  rubber, 
plain,  carved,  or  worked,  simple  or  with  other  material,  gross 

weight 

Cords: 

Cotton,  for  corsets  or  window  shades,  gross  weight 

Hemp  or  linen,  with  or  without  cotton  mixture,  or  Jute  for  corsets  or 
window-shades,  gross  weight 

Cotton,  linen,  or  leather  for  shoes,  gross  weight 

Braids  or  ealloons,  of  cotton  and  rubber,  gross  weight 

Same,of  sUk  and  rubber,  gross  weight 


Unit. 


Dosen 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 


Kilogram 


.do 

do 
do 
do 


Dozen  .... 
Kilogram 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...  do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 


do 
.do 
.do 


...do 
...do. 
Liter . 
Gross. 


Kilogram 

do 

..  do 

One. 


Hundred . 
Kilogram 

..do.... 
...do.... 


Dozen 

.  do.... 
Kilogram 
Dozen 


Kilogram 
..do.... 
...do... 
...do.... 
...do.... 


One 

Kilogram 


do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
do 
.do 

do 

.do 

do 


.do 

.do 

do 
do 
do 
do 


Yalua- 
tion. 


1  00 
400 

0  00 
125 

1  76 
220 

80 

1  60 
1  60 
200 

200 
18 
10 
06 

700 
08 

250 

40 
50 
85 

70 
60 
40 
76 

1  00 

50 

500 

400 

3  00 
09 
10 
80 
25 

1  00 

1  50 
24  00 

4 
600 

25 
45 

20 

2 

600 

200 
80 

20 
40 

80 

1  00 

8 

60 

75 


1 
2 


50 
50 


10  00 


8  00 

1  60 

2  50 
2  00 
8  50 
800 


458 


TAKIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


B. — Arttelea  which  pay  a  duty  of^ptrcenU — CoDtinaed. 
a.  GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


Ka 


Article,  &c. 


716 

278 
286 

851 

685 

636 
637 
203 
771 
272 
56 
1052 

220 

221 
222 
223 

849 
850 
851 

852 

50 

51 
291 
292 
644 

645 

646 
547 
548 
649 

650 
551 
552 
554 

655 
656 

557 
660 

661 
662 
563 

564 
665 

570 


571 
672 
673 
674 
675 
676 

677 
678 
679 
580 
581 
904 
905 
910 
911 
916 
917 


UDit. 


Kilognun . 
..do 


.do 
do 


Cordage,  hemp,  white  or  tarred,  over  21  millimeters  in  ciroomferenoe, 

groaa  weight    

Cork,  in  Bheets,  sroen  weicht 

Cornices,  of  wood.  Tarnished,  painted,  or  gilded,  for  window  curtains, 

gross  weight    

Com-mMl,  gross  weight 

Cotton  (see  also  under  Dry -goods) : 

Thread,  in  clews,  hanks,  or  skeins,  &c.,  for  sewing,  marking,  em- 
broidering. &c.,  gross  weight 

Thread,  in  spools,  for  marldng,  embroidering,  dec.,  gross  weight 

Ends  and  lavelings,  for  deanin;;  machines,  gross  weight 

Ci6pe,  of  wool.  50  to  60  centimetei  s  wide. 

Crockery,  or  clay,  articles  of,  not  specified,  ordinary  to  medium 

Cumin  seed,  gross  weight 

Cushions,  small,  of  leather,  for  gilders 

Curry  powder  (spice),  gross  weight 

Dry  goods : 

Cashmere  of  wool  and  cotton  mixture,  all  classes,  60  to  75  centime- 

terswide 

Same,  double  width 

Cashmere  of  wool,  aU  quantities.  (iO  to  75  centimeters  wide 

Same,  double  width 

Cashmere  and  merinoesof  wool,  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Cashmere  and  merinoes  of  wool  and  cotton  mixture,  in  cases^  gross 

weight I do 

Same  as  No.  851,  in  packages,  gross  weight  I . . .  do 

Cotton,  prepared  for  lining  of  garments,  with  or  without  cotton  cloth,  i 

gross  weight    " ! do 

Same,  with  raw  silk  . .     i do 

Marseilles  or  duck,  ordinary,  for  vests,  to  65  centimeters  wide j  Meter 

Piqu6,  quilted  or  half-quiltea,  for  vests,  to  70  centimeters  wide i . . .  do  . 

Cotton  and  rubber  waterproof  cloth  fqr  infanta'  wraps,  &o.,  $0.01  per 

centimeter  wide 

Cotton  cloth,  called  "lienso,"  white,  plain,  all  qualities,  in  cases, 
gross  weight 


..do 

..  do 

...do 

Meter. 

Kilogram . 

...do 

Dozen- 

Kilogram . 


Meter  ... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
Kilogram 
..-do 


do 


Kilogram . 


Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight I do 

"     "  ..do 

..do 


Cloth, called  *'coton."  twilled,  cases. 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight   

Cotton  cloth,  unbleached,  twilled,  called  "tocuyo,"  in  cases,  gross 

weight     do 

Same  in  packages,  gross  weight do 

Cotton  cloth,  unbleached,  plain,  simple,  in  cases,  gross  weight do 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight do  . 

Cotton  cloth,  ticking,  blue  tocuyo,  rayadillo,  pepper  and  salt,  cases, 

gross  weight do  . 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight  .   . .  do  . 

Cotton  cloth,  cHpecially  for  pantaloons,  plain,  twilled,  or  faced,  cases,  • 

gross  weight , do  . 

Same,  in  packaees,  gross  weight do 

Cotton  goods,  worked  or  printed,  for  bookbinders,  $0,002  per  centim- 
eter wide 

Cotton  goods  for  bath  towels  and  sheets,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Cotton  muslin  for  curtains,  plaiu,  worked,  or  edged  with  imitation 

guipure  point,  $0,004  per  centimeter  wide  ,  Mfttor 


Meter  .... 
Kilogram . . 
...do 


Cotton  cloths  for  maiitos,  in  cases,  gross  weight 
Same,  in  packases,  gross  weight 


Kilogram 
■do 


Cotton  goods,  thin,  barege,  gauze,  muslin,  grenadine,  lawn,  organdi, 
hollands,  tarleton,  white  or  colored,  putin  or  worked,  in  oases, 

groBsweight do 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight    I...  do 

Same,  with  woolen  figures  or  edging,  in  cases,  gross  weight i do 

Same  as  No.  572,  in  packages,  ffross  weight i do 

Same,  with  silk  figures  or  edging,  in  cases,  gross  weight ; . . .  .do 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight do 

Cotton  goods  tor  dresses,  all  classes,  not  specified,  in  cases,  gross 

weight .   do 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight ' do 

Cotton  goods,  with  woolen  figures,  or  edging,  in  cases,  gross  weight. .    . .  do 

Same,  in  packaj^es,  gross  weight do 

Cotton  goods,  with  silk  figures  or  edging,  in  cases,  gross  weight .  . . .  j do 

Same,  in  packages,  cross  weijzht do 

Cotton  towels,  in  cases,  gross  weight i do 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight | do 

Cotton  handkerchiefs,  without  lace  edging,  in  cases,  gross  weight ... do 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight !..-.ao 

Cotton  kerchiefs,  for  mufflers,  in  cases,  gross  weight , do 

Same,  in  packages,  git>ss  weight ....do 


Valua- 
tion. 


$0  27 
20 


1 
2 
3 

4 


30 
15 


70 
30 
20 
25 
10 
25 
00 
45 


40 

80 
00 
00 
45 
30 


1  70 

2  10 

70 

8  00 

12 

50 

01 

1  10 
96 
65 
80 

60 
76 
55 
70 

58 
72 

75 
92 


90 
1  10 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 


75 
90 


40 
70 
55 
85 
75 
05 

05 
25 
15 
35 
50 
70 
70 
85 
30 
55 
20 
45 


TARIFFS  OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


459 


B. — Ariidea  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent. — ContiDued. 
a.  6ENEBAL  MERCHANDISE. 


Xo. 


018 
019 
007 

068 
1028 
1029 
1063 
1066 


1066 
1331 
353 
3&i 
855 
856 
850 
860 
861 
362 
363 
864 
865 

366 
347 
348 
349 
350 
876 
377 
534 

635 
636 

637 
638 
639 
640 
641 
542 
643 
906 
907 
908 
909 
912 
658 
659 
666 
667 
686 

687 

688 

689 
920 

921 
922 
023 
002 
1830 
568 
569 
SOO 

591 
693 

593 
694 

695 
696 

697 


Article,  Sec. 


Dry-eood»— CoDtiD  ned. 

CottoD  kerchiefs,  with  silk  frinK^  or  edging,  in  cases,  gross  weight . . 

Same,  in  |>ackages,  gross  weight        

Cotton  trimming,  with  or  without  beads,  for  dress  goods,  in  fringes, 

balls,  cards,  braid,  edging,  frills.  Sic,  including  boxes,  6cc 

Same,  for  upho^tering,  wiih  bodj*  of  other  material,  including  boxes 

Cotton  piqu6,  for  children's  dresses,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight   

Cotton  point  or  tulle,  plain  or  worked,  $0,015  per  centimeter  of  width. 
Cotton  prints,  percales,   brilliantines,  cretonnes,    ginshams,    per- 

calines,  and  oxfords,  plain,  worked,  or  twilled,  lor  linings,  cur- 
tains, and  upholstering,  all  classes,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Cotton  braid,  for  edging  of  garments,  including  packages 

Damask,  cotton,  colored,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Damask  cotton,  white,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gittss  weight 

Damask,  linen  and  cotton  mixed,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  paclL".ges,  gross  weight    .  

Damask,  woolen  and  cotton  mixed,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Damask,  woolen,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Damask,  woolen  and  silk  (or  with  cotton  mixture),  for  furniture,  in 

cases,  gross  weight -• 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Dress  lining,  linen  or  with  cotton  mixed,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Dress  lining,  linen  and  cotton  silesia,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Linen,  drill  or  with  cotton  or  jute  mixture,  in  cases,  grpss  weight — 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight ; 

Linen  cloth  (or  linen  and  cotton  mixture),  called  crea,  osnaburg, 

silesia,  &c.,  not  elsewhere  specified,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight    

Linen  cloth  for  ladies'  and  children's  dresses,  in  cases, gross  weight.. 

Same,  in  pttckages,  eross  weight   

Linen  cloth,  with  silk  edging,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Linen  for  dress  lining,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packagt-s,  gross  weight 

Linen  called  ticking,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Linen  towels  (or  cotton  mixed),  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight   

Linen,  Italian,  with  netted  edging,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross'  weight 

Linen  handkerchiefs  (or  cotton  mixed),  unhemmed 

Mixed  goods,  faced,  &.C.,  for  trousers,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Mixed goo4ls,  for  mantos,  incases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Mixed  goods  for  dresses,  all  classes,  not  elsewhere  8p(»cifled,  in  oases, 

gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Mixed  goods  for  dresses,  with  silk  figures  or  edging,  in  cases,  gross 

weight 

Same  in  packages,  sross  wei£ht 

Mixed  goods  (wool  and  cotton)  kerchiefs  for  mufflers,  cases,  gross 

weight 

Same,  in  packages,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Mixed  goods,  with  silk  fringes,  edgiog,  &c.,  in  cases,  gross  weight .. 

Siune,  in  packages,  &.C.,  gross  weight 

Mixed  goods  for  trousers,  coat,  dec,  127  to  157  centimeters  in  width. . 

Mixed  Koods,  braid  for  edging  garments,  including  packages 

Woolens,  cloth  for  mantos,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  &.C.,  gross  weight 

Woolen  stuifs,  thin,  called  barege,  grenadine,  Sec,  in  cases,  gross 

weight 

Same,  in  packages,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Woolen  stnfTs  with  silk  mixture,  figures  or  threads,  in  cases,  gross 

weight 

Same,  in  packages,  ^c,  gross  weight 

Woolen  goods  lor  dresses,  not  elsewhere  specified,  all  classes,  in 

cases,  gross  weight. 

Same,  in  packages.  Sec,  gross  weight 

Woolen  ffoods  with  silk  mixture,  figures  or  threads,  in  cases,  gross 

weigut 

Same,  in  packages,  &c.,  gross  weight 


Unit. 


Kilogram 


...do 

do  . 

...do. 
...do. 
Meter 


Kilogram 
...do.... 
...do.... 
..do.... 
...do.... 
...do  .... 
...do.... 
..  do.... 
..  do.... 
...do.... 
...do  .... 
...do.... 
...do.... 


.do 

do 

do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

do 


...do  .... 

...do.... 

...do.... 

...do...., 

...do.... 

..  do  .... 

...do.... 

...do 

...do.... 
...do... 
...do.... 
...do.... 

...do 

...do.... 

Dozen 

Kilogram 
...do.... 

..do 

...do.... 


.do 
.do 

do 
.do 


...  do.... 
...do.... 

...do 

...do.... 

Meter 

Kilogram 

'.'..do'.'.'.'. 


do 
.do 

.do 
do 

.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


Yalna- 
tion. 


$1  45 

1  70 

• 

2  50 
1  25 
1  10 
1  35 


20 
45 
50 
40 
70 
OO 
25 
65 
00 
50 
80 

1  00 

2  20 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 


5 
5 
1 
1 


30 
60 
25 
50 
90 
05 
80 
00 

90 
10 
25 
50 
50 
75 
80 
95 
90 
10 
50 
80 
50 
80 
50 
05 
25 
15 
60 


1  45 

1  75 

2  30 
2  Qfy 


1 
2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 


2 
2 


75 
10 
00 
35 
80 
50 
45 
90 


1  70 

2  00 


50 
80 


2  80 
8  10 


15 
45 


460 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  qOUNTRIES. 


B. — ArHole$  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent, — Continaed. 
a.  GENERAL  HBRCHAKDISB. 


Ko. 


Artlole,  Ao, 


606 

SM 
001 
003 
065 

066 

1807 

1808 

1800 

1310 

682 

683 

584 

565 

18U 

1812 

373 

888 

1215 


840 

841 

842 

616 

616 

618 

1048 

1046 

1044 

477 
478 

voo 

600 
601 
602 
603 
604 
605 
600 

406 
T73 

774 
775 
776 
777 
778 
770 
780 
781 
782 
783 
784 
785 
786 
787 

280 

800 

303 
804 

806 

307 
300 
310 
313 

17 
18 


Dry-eood»— Continned. 

Woolen  ffooda,  or  with  ootton  or  jute  mixtare,  plnixi,  worked,  or  twilled* 

for  npnolstering,  #0.008  per  centimeter  wide 

8»ine,with  silk,  10.015  per  centimeter  wide 

Wooien  cloth,  ordinary,  from  127  to  167  centimeters  wide 

•     Woolen  cloth,  for  tronsers,  ooftt,  4^.,  from  127  to  157  centimeters  wide. 
Woolen  trimmings,  with  or  without  beads,  for  dress  goods,  in  fHnges, 

balls,  cords,  braid,  edging,  Sio..  including  packings 

Woolen  trimmings,  with  Mdy  of  other  material,  for  upholstering, 

including  paokuigs 

Woolen  point  good&  including  packings 

Same,  with  silk,  including  paclnngs 


Goods  of  cotton  net  i>oint  or  crochet,  including  packages. 
Goods  of  linen  net  point  or  crochet,  including  packages  .. 


Mixed  goods  for  dresses,  barege,  grenadine,  &c.,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  ^te.,  gross  weight 

Same,  with  silk  figures  or  threads,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  Sec. ,  gross  weight 

Cotton  velyet  and  plush  for  dreiui  goods,  gross  weight 

Woolen  or  cotton  mixed  plush  for  dress  goods,  gross  weight 

Dynamite,  gross  weight. 


Unit 


Elastic  for  gaiters,  gross  weight 

Envelopes  of  paper,  plain  or  lined,  for  note  or  letter  pai>er,  &c.,  gross 
weight 


weig 
Epanle 


ets: 

Copper  thread,  gilded  or  plated 

Silk  stuff,  with  copper  thread,  as  No.  340 

Woolen  stuff 

Fat,  animal,  in  tin  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  wooden  cases,  gnnis  weght 

Same,  impure,  from  ship's  kitchens,  gross  weight 

Feathers,  forpill9W8,  gross  weight 

Feather  dusters,  or  foxtails,  or  imitation 

Feathers  of  the  ostrich,  natural,  for  dusters,  gross  weight 

Felt  of  wool; 

For  saddle  sweat  cloths,  #0.02  per  centimeter  wide 

For  piano  hammers,  #0.04  per  centimeter  wide 

Fish  in  brine,  in  wooden  vessels,  gross  weight 

Flannel,  of  cotton,  incases,  gross  weight 

Same  in  ptM<)kages,  gross  weight   

Flannel,  of  wool  and  cotton  mixture,  in  oases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Flannel,  of  wool,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight   

Fringes,  or  ribbons  of  wool,  with  cotton  or  silk  mixture,  for  upholstering 

carriaj^es,  worked,  to  8  centimeters  wide 

Fmit  essences  for  pastry,  gross  weight «. 

Glass  panes,  vamishecl  or  treated  with  mercury,  measurements  shall  be 
taken  of  the  surface  and  valued  ticcording  to  the  following  scale : 

From  726  to  1,120  square  centimeters  

From  1,121  to  1,734  square  centimeters 

From  1,735  to  2,090  square  centimeters 

From  2,001  to  2,480  square  centimeters 

From  2,481  to  2,004  square  centimeters 

From  2,905  to  3,360  square  centimeters 

From  3,361  to  3,850  square  centimeters 

From  3,851  to  4,374  square  centimeters 

From  4,375  to  4.929  square  oentimetern 

From  4,930  to  5,520  square  centimeters 

From  5,521  to  6, 144  square  centimeters 

From  6,145  to  6,936  square  centimeters ^ 

From  6,037  to  7,631  square  centimeters 

From  7,632  to  8,000  square  centimeters 

Glassware : 

Hollow  glass  articles,  all  classes  not  specified  elsewhere,  with  or 

without  other  materials,  gross  weight  

Of  ordinary  cut  glass,  csUed  half-crystal,  not  specified,  with  or  with- 
out other  materials,  gross  weight 

I>em^ohns  up  to  19  liters  capacity 

Funnels,  syringes,  breast  tubes,  bosom  shields,  &c.,  with  or  without 

other  materials,  gross  weight 

Tubes  of  glass,  for  homeopathic  medicines,  with  or  without  cork  tops, 

gross  weight 

Tubes  for  lamps,  gross  weight 

Photographic  glasses,  prepared,  gross  weight 

Plain,  oroinary,  uncolored,  up  to  4  millimeters  thick,  gross  weight . . . 

Watch  crystals , 

Glove  openers : 

Of  wood 

Of  bone  or  ivory «.... 


Meter 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do  .. 


Kilogram 


.do 

.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

do 

do 

.do 

.do 


Pair 

...do 

.do 

Kilogram 
.do..... 

...do 

...do 

Doeen 

Kilogram 


Meter  .... 

...do 

Kilogram 
do*..  . 


.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 


Meter 

Kilogram. 


Dozen 

...do.. 

...do.. 

One... 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 

...do.. 


Kilogram 


...do 
One. 


Kilogram 


...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 
Dosen 


.do 
.do 


Valu. 
tion. 


$0  60 

2  50 

450 

225 
4  00 

7  00 

3  50 

8  00 


50 
80 
90 
20 
00 
00 
80 
250 

50 

16  00 

4  00 

1  50 

25 

18 

12 

4  00 

600 

1  60 


13 
75 
05 
40 
70 
40 


2  70 

25 
2  00 


7  00 
14  00 
24  00 

8  00 
4  00 
500 
600 
7  00 
800 

10  00 
12  00 
14  00 
16  00« 
18  00 


10 

25 

80 

1  00 

225 
10 
40 
06 
80 

800 
18  00 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


461 


B. — Article»  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent — Continued, 
a.  GBNSRAL  MERCHANDISE. 


So. 


Artiole,4us. 


204 


610 

611 

617 

295 
296 
297 

116 
117 

629 

822 
823 
824 

825 

1263 
1265 
1266 
1275 
1276 
1279 
1280 
1281 
1282 

1283 

1284 
1285 
1286 
1287 
1288 
1289 
1290 
1291 
1293 
1296 
1300 
1216 

1217 
1218 
1219 

1220 
1221 
1230 
1231 
1235 
1238 
1240 
1244 
1247 
1250 
1251 

482 
600 

601 
638 


326 
327 
828 


Glue: 

Common,  grosB  weight 

Lip,  gross,  weight 

Gum  ejastic : 

Prei>ared,  in  cans,  packages,  or  sheets,  with  or  without  cloth,  gross 
weight 

Prepared  for  engraving  or  copying,  with  or  without  wood,  gross 
weight 

Adhesive,  gross  weight ^ 

Gum: 

Pine  or  yegetahle,  gross  weight 

Hair: 

Animal,  gross  weight 

Vegetable,  gros^  weight 

Woven ,  for  upholstenng,  $0.01  per  centimeter  wide 

Haircloth : 

Of  wool,  serge,  with  nap,  &o.,  gross  weight 

Of  wool  and  cotton  mixed,  gross  weight 

Hammocks : 

All  classes  and  sizes 

Handles: 

For  brashes,  wood,  plain  or  painted,  gross  weight 

For  pens,  wood,  metal,  bone  or  glass,  with  or  without  metal  tip 

For  pens,  tortoise  shell,  mother-of-pearl,  or  ivory,  with  or  without 
metal  tips 

Of  wood,  tor  parasols  and  umbrellas 

Harness: 

Leather  stirrup  straps,  pairs 

For  cart  .-       

Leatlier  horse-collars  with  buckles 

Leather  bridle  and  reins  without  metal  ornaments 

Same  with  metal  ornaments 

Saddletrees 

Horse-brushes 

Horse-girths,  cotton,  hemp,  linen,  or  cords 

Belts  for  girths,  wool  or  with  cotton  or  hemp  mixture,  up  to  9 
centimeters  wide 

Belts  for  girths  of  cotton  or  hemp  cross- woven,  up  to  12  centimeters 
wide 

Patent-leather  horse-collars 

Patent  ordinary,  for  mules 

Gloves  for  horse-cleaning 

Leather  headstalls,  with  or  without  bits 

Riding  whips,  hemp,  gut,  or  hide 

Whips  for  nders,  hackmen,  postilions 

Woolen  or  felt  horse-cloths 

Hitching-straps  with  buckles 

Leather  nolsters ^ 

Saddle-bags  in  form  of  reticule,  for  money  or  Jewels ■ 

Floss  wool  saddle-cloths 

Hat-rims  of  cloth,  glue-stiffened 

Hat-forms : 

Of  gummed  cotton 

Of  floss  wool   

Of  cork,  two  pieces 

Hats: 

Woolen  cloths  for  forming,  cut 

Paper  for  forming,  cut 

Silk  or  mixed  hat  or  cap  linings 

Sweat-leather  of  skin 

Of  floss  wool,  for  men  and  boys 

Of  oiled  skin,  for  men  and  boys 

For  ladies,  palm-leaf  or  excelsior,  without  ornament 

Coarse  straw,  l^m  Pern,  called  petate,  gross  weight 

Of  palm,  for  sailors 

Visors  of  cardboard,  leather  or  imitation 

Visors,  other  classes,  to  be  appraised. 
Hemp: 

Yam,  gross  weight , 

Stuff  of  hemp,  or  jute,  or  with  cotton  mixture,  plain,  worked,  twilled^ 
for  furniture,  $0,006  per  centimeter  wide ^ . . 

Same  with  silk,  $0.01  per  centimeter  wide 

Flax  or  jute  string  for  packing,  one  or  more  colors,  with  cotton  mix- 
ture or  not  (cases),  gross  weight! 

Same  in  packages,  &c.,  gross  weight , 

Hides: 

Tanned,  all  classes,  mixed,  gross  weight 

Sheepskin,  gross  weight 

CaUskin,  white  or  dyed,  gross  weight 


Unit 


Kilogram 
do 


.do 

.do 
.do 

.do 


...do. 
...do. 
Meter. 


Kilogram . . . 
— do  ... 


One. 


Kilogram . 
Gross 


...do. 
Dozen 


...do 
One... 
Dozen 
...do. 
One... 
Dozen 
...do. 
do  . 


Meter. 


...do. 
One... 
...do. 
...do. 
Dozen 
..do. 
...do. 

do  . 

...  do. 
Pair.. 
Dozen 
...do. 
....do. 


do 
.do 
.do 


Valu- 
ation. 


....do 

.-..do 

...do 

...do 

...do. 

...do 

..  do 

Kilogram . . . 

Dozen 

...do 


Kilogram 


Meter. 
...do. 


Kilogram 


.do 
.do 
.do 


$0  25 
30 


1  00 

2  50 
45 


66 

25 
08 


1  60 
1  20 

300 

15 
1  25 

18  00 
1  00 

4  00 

12  00 
4  60 
900 
8  00 

12  00 
8  00 
8  00 

18 

08 
8  00 
1  00 

1  00 
6  00 
3  00 

10  00 

10  00 

3  00 

2  60 
12  00 
10  00 

1  00 

1  50 

2  00 

8  00 

9  00 
12 

2  00 

1  50 
6  00 
6  00 
8  00 

2  00 
2  50 

60 


14 


80 
40 

4  50 

1  80 
200 


462 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


B. — AriieJes  which  pay  a  duty  of2oper  cent. — Cootinned. 
a.  GENERAL  HERCHANDI8E. 


No. 


329 
330 
331 
332 
833 

334 
856 
816 
827 
828 
382 

1315 
1316 
1318 

602 
603 
604 
605 

924 
925 
926 
927 
928 
929 

384 
385 
459 
460 
461 
838 

847 
848 
643 
759 


753 

882 
727 
728 
764 

640 

641 

642 
476 
830 
831 
832 
839 
840 

492 
493 
456 
630 
465 

407 

408 
400 
410 

411 
412 
413 
414 
415 
416 
417 


Article,  Ste. 


Hidea — Continued. 

Kid,  or  it«  imitation,  groM  weight 

Japanned,  all  classes  except  cow  and  horse,  gross  weight 

Pigskin  or  imitation,  gross  weight 

Patent  leathers,  Morocco  leathers  and  imitations,  gross  weight 

Cow  or  horse,  Japanned,  dyed,  or  in  imitation  of  patent  leather,  gross 
weigbt 

Soles,  gross  weight 

Honey  of  palm  or  bees;  cane  simp 

Hops,  gross  weight 

Hose  oi  tnbes  orieather,  gross  weight 

Hose  or  tnbes  of  canvas,  gross  weight 

Images  of  saints,  wood,  stone,  or  plaster  of  Paris 

Ink: 

For  writing,  gross  weight 

Chinese,  in  cakes,  gross  weight 

In  iiasks,  fur  marking  clothes 

Jerga : 

Cotton  and  wool  mixed,  gross  weight 

Of  wool,  gross  weight 

Of  wool,  with  cotton,  hemp,  or  Jute  mixture,  gross  weight 

Of  hemp  orjnte  or  with  cotton  mixture,  gnMS  weight 

Kerchiefs  («e«  aUo  "  Dry  goods '') : 

Of  coarse  wool,  calleajerga.  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  In  i)ackages,  ico.,  gross  weight 

All  olaases  not  specified,  except  point,  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  &.O.,  gross  weight 

Same,  with  silk  edging  or  frnge,  in  oases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  gross  weight 

Laces: 

Of  cotton,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Of  wool  or  mixed  gooos,  with  or  without  beads,  gross  weight 

"Ferret,"  cotton  or  linen,  for  edging,  gross  weight 

"Ferret,"  cotton,  gummed,  for  clfess  lining, .in  cases,  groea  weight.. 

Same,  in  packages,  ice,  gross  weight 

Lampshades,  wood,  tin,  or  cardboard,  gross  weight '... 

Lampwicks : 

For  burners  (cotton),  including  packages 

All  classes 

Leaves  for  florists,  including  packages 

Leaves  for  fiorists.  of  common  metal,  for  gilding  or  plating,  in  packages 
of  2£  or  less  leaves,  and  up  to  65  square  centimeters  each  one, 

packages 

Lentils,  gross  wei ght *. 

Lettei  wafers,  gross  weight 

Lime  Juice,  in  barrels 

Same,  in  bottles 

Liquors  (in  addition  to  a  special  duty  of  $4.50  per  dozen  bottles) 

Linen  («e«  al^o  "Dry  goods'*): 

Thread  for  tailors  or  shoemakers,  in  clews,  skeins,  hanks,  or  spools, 
gross  weight 

Thread,  with  or  without  luster,  for  weaving  or  edging,  in  cases, 
grdse  weigl^t 

Same,  in  cases  with  other  merchandise,  including  packages , 

Macaroni,  gross  weight .' 

Mantos  oi  ponchos  of  cotton,  gross  weight 

Same,  of  cotton  and  wool  mixture,  gross  weight 

Same,  of  wool,  gross  weight 

Marble  or  Jasper,  rough  or  in  Junks,  gross  weight 

Same,  cut  in  tiles,  unpolished,  all  sizes 

Match  safes: 

Ordinary,  leather,  paper,  common  metal 

Of  Russia  leather 

Mats.  Chinese,  gross  weight    ..  

Meal,  of  oats,  com,  or  rye,  gross  weight 

Meat  extract 

Mirrors: 

Small,  with  pasteboard,  wood,  metal,  or  papier-mach6  fhune,  5  to  20 
centimeters 

Same.  21  to  36  centimeters T 

Same.  37  to  51  centimeters 

Mirrors  of  best  classes,  square  wooden  frames,  surface  to  be  measured 
and  valued  as  pei  following  scale: 

From  1,734  t»«  2. 09C  square  centimeters 

From  2.091  to  2.480  square  centimeters 

From  2.481  to  2.904  square  centimeters 

From  2.905  to  3.86C  square  centimeters 

From  3.361  to  3,850  square  centimeters 

From  3.851  to  4,374  square  centimeters 

From  4,375  to  4,929  square  centimeters 


Unit. 


Kflogram . . . 

...do 

...do 


Vahia- 
tion. 


$6  00 
250 
180 
800 


..do 

...do 

Liter 

Kilogram . . . 

'.'.  do'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
Cobic  dedm 


Kilogram 
..  dd.... 
Dozen  — 


Kilogram 
...dS.... 

..do 

— do  .... 


do 
do 
.do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
do 
do 


Gross 

Kilogram 
...do.... 
Liter  .... 
Dozen  ... 
...do.... 


Elilogram 


.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 


Dozen 

...do.... 

Kilogram 

...dJ...- 

...do.... 


Dozen 

do  . 

..  do. 


One.. 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...do 


2 

1 


00 
00 
08 
SO 
40 
50 
15 


10 
1  75 
1  50 

1  00 
1  30 

1  00 
40 

2  00 

2  40 
8  50 

3  90 

4  50 
500 

4  00 

6  00 

1  20 

45 

55 

50 

1  50 
1  00 
4  00 


8  00 
05 
80 
20 

8  00 
12  00 


1  25 

1  20 

8  00 

16 

85 

1  75 

250 

01 

05 

1  50 

15  00 

25 

15 

1  00 


80 

8  SO 

24  00 


5  00 

6  00 

7  00 

8  00 
10  00 
18  00 
16  00 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


463 


B  — Articles  which  pan  a  duty  of  25  per  eenU — Continued, 
a.  GENERAL  MERCHAKDISE. 


Ko. 


418 
419 
420 
421 
422 
836 

837 


860 

861 
881 
650 
1H» 

660 

670 

680 

608 

706 

880 

866 

867 

1208 

1210 

60 

67 

10 
20 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
393 

302 
26 
30 

481 

142 

143 
1005 

1007 
1008 
1009 

1010 
1011 
1012 
1013 
1014 
1015 
1016 
1017 
1018 
1019 
1020 
1021 
1022 
934 


035 
036 
937 
939 
940 
941 
942 
944 
945 


Article,  &.O. 


From  4,030  to  5,520  sqnare  centimeters 

From  5,521  to  6,144  square  centimeters 

From  6. 145  to  6,936  sqoare  centimeters 

From  6,937  to7,631  square  centimeters 

From  7,632  to  8,000  square  centimeters   

Mirror  fhuncs,  to  be  valued  as  if  tliey  were  mirrors,  with  redaction  of  50 

percent 

Mirror  and  picture  frames,  prepared  for  gilding,  valued  as  mirrors,  with 

redaction  of  75  per  cent 
Molding  of  wood : 

For  frames,  furniture,  dtc,  plain,  varnished,  painted,  or  gilded,  gross 
weight 

Same,  prepared  for  gilding,  gross  weight 

Moss,  in  bulk  or  packages,  for  florists,  gross  weight 

Mould  for  hat-fitter,  with  springs 

Mushrooms,  dried,  gross  weight 

Musical  instruments: 

Violin  cases 

Cello  and  coanterbass  cases 

Guitar  pegs • 

Parchment,  in  sheets  for  drums 

Skin  cases  for  band  instruments 

Music,  printed  or  in  manuscript,  gross  weight 

Mustard,  in  powder,  gross  weight 

Mustard,  prepared,  gross  weight 

Napkins  snd  table-cloths  of  cotton  damask,  grofis  weight 

Napkins  of  wool  and  cotton  mixed  damask,  gross  weight 

Napkin  rings,  ordinary,  bone,  or  papier  mach6 

Napkin  rings,  of  ivory 

Oil: 

From  wolf  or  whale,  gross  weight 

Cocoauut,  sperm,  linseed,  turnip,  peanut,  lard,  duck,  or  pine,  gross 
weight 

Gasoline,  paraffine,  petroleum,  kerosene,  gross  weight 

Impure  and  black,  for  machinery,  gross  weight 

Olive,  impure,  for  machinery  (Rangoon),  gross  weight 

For  sewing-machines,  gross  weight 

Olive  for  table  use,  gross  weight 

OUed  cloth  or  plain  rubier,  with  or  without  edging,  for  table  covers,  gross 
weight 

Same,  double,  for  fioors,  gross  weight 

Olives,  preserved,  gross  weight 

Ornaments  of  woodj  paste,  or  composition,  for  furniture,  doors,  &o.,  gross 
weight 

Of  clay  or  earth,  for  gardens,  by  ciLdm.  bulk 

Packthread : 

Linen  snd  cotton  mixed,  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  &o.,  gross  weight , 

Paint-brushes  in  quill  shafts 

Painting-materials : 

Whiting,  red  lead,  minium,  ocher,  sienna,  Ac,  gross  weight 

Aniline,  all  colors;  powders,  cakes  or  crystals,  gross  weight 

Royal  yellow,  Adnanapolis  red,  ultramarine  iMue,  emerald  green, 
gross  weight 

Indigo,  gross  weight 

Prussian  blue,  ordinary,  gross  weight 

Prussian  blue,  medium,  gross  weight 

Prussian  blue,  fine,  gross  weight 

Vermilion,  gross  weight  . 

Carmine,  in  powder  or  cakes,  gross  weight 

Cochineal,  gross  weight 

Carmine  or  yellow  lake,  gross  weight 

Paints  in  calces  or  pencils  for  water  colors,  gross  weight 

Whiting,  ocher,  &c.,  ordinary,  for  wall-painting,  gross  weight 

Paints  in  tin  tubes  for  oil  paintings,  including  tubes. 

Common  paint,  sll  colors,  with  oil,  gross  weight 

Paint  of  copper  for  ships,  gross  weight ....  

Paper  bags,  oniinary,  with  imitation  gilding  or  plating,  plain  or  printed, 

gross  weight 

Paper: 


Unit 


Cotton,  for  book  covers,  spotted  or  varnished, -gross  weight. 

n 


One.. 
...do 
...do 
...do 
...  do 


Kilogram 

.'.'.'.do '.'.'.'. 

One 

Kilogram 


One 

...do 

...do 

...do 

..  do 

Kilogram . . 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Dozen 

...do 


Kilogram 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

do 

do 

.do 


.    do. 
Decim 


ELUogram . . . 

— do 

Gross 


Kilogmm 
...dS.... 


do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

do 


do 
do 
do 
do 


Unvarnished,  for  boys'  kites,  &c.,  gross  weigh 

Raled  for  music,  gross  weight 

Blotting,  gross  weight 

Albuminated,  gross  weight ]..-do 

In  packages,  for  closets,  gross  weight do 

Gilded  or  plated,  for  artificial  fiowers,  gross  weight do 

Of  cotton,  naif  fine,  Genoese  and  its  imitation,  gross  weight ....do 

Of  cotton,  for  offices  (called  "  Machine  Pai>er  "),  gross  weight I. . .  .do 


Valua- 
tion. 


$20  00 
24  00 
28  00 
32  00 
36  00 


30 
20 
40 
20  00 
75 


1 

7 


50 
00 
03 
75 
00 
00 
40 
25 
25 
60 
00 


6  00 

12 

18 
08 
10 
18 
24 
25 

55 
30 
22 

1  00 
05 


1 
2 
1 


80 
20 
00 

15 
6  00 

40 

2  50 

08 

14 

1  50 

1  50 

18  00 


2 
2 


30 
00 

8  00 
05 

2  00 
10 
40 

60 

40 
25 
80 
25 

2  00 
28 

4  00 
80 
85 


464 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


B. — Ariicle8  which  pay  a  duly  of  25  per  cent — Continued. 
a.  GENERAL  HEBCHANDI8E. 


No. 


946 

948 

949 
950 

951 
954 
956 
957 
958 
77 

745 
746 
747 

1040 
1041 
1045 

1001 
1002 
1003 
1004 
451 

888 

389 

390 

470 

1056 
1057 

1049 

1050 

1051 

79 

970 

992 

247 
248 

249 
250 
261 

252 

253 
254 
466 
467 
75 
76 


Article,  &,c. 


1190 

899 

148 

149 

1195 

1196 

1070 

1071 
1072 
1073 
175 
1076 


Paper— Continued. 

Of  cotton,  for  notes,  letters,  or  accounts,  with  or  without  envelopes, 

gross  weight 

Of  straw,  tobacco,  or  linen,  simple  or  mixed,  for  cigarettes,  gross 

weight '. 

Of  linen,  fine,  for  offices,  gross  weight 

Of  linen  or  imitation,  for  letters  and  notes,  with  or  without  envelopes, 

gross  weight 

Of  suk,  all  classes,  with  or  without  envelopes,  gross  weight 


Fire  plated,  for  walls,  gross  weight 
'"  "         "  "  "it. 


Common,  for  walls,  gross  weigh 

For  walls,  all  other  classes  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Paraffine,  in  paste,  gross  weight 

Peas,  dried,  gross  weight 

Pencils: 

For  writing,  wooden  sheath,  usual  size,  ordinary  and  medium  classes. 

Same,  fine 

For  oaroenters 

Pens  of  feather: 

For  writing,  uncut 

For  writing,  cut 

Of  metal,  ^thout  handle,  gross  weight 

Pepper: 

In  grain,  gross  weight 

In  powdt^  gross  weight 

Kea,  called  "cayenne,"  gross  weight 

Same  powdered,  gross  weight 

Pins  of  wood 

Plaitings: 

Of  cotton  gauze  or  tulle  for  ornaments,  with  or  without  cotton  laces 
or  silk  threads  up  to  8  centimeters  wide 

Of  woolen  gauze  or  tulle  for  ornaments,  with  or  without  woolen 
laoc'H  or  silk  threads,  up  to  8  centimeters  wide 

Of  silk  gauze  for  omimients,  with  laces  or  other  material,  up  to  8 

C4*ntimeter8  wide     — 

Plush  of  inr.  without  tar,  for  cleaning  hollers,  gross  weight 

Portmonuaies : 

Common  leather,  cloth,  paper,  &c 

KuHsian  leather  or  imitation 

Powders : 

For  cleaning  metals,  gross  weight 

For  clarifying  wines,  gross  weight 

Drying,  for  painters,  gross  wcigot 

Razor  strops 

Razor  hones,  including  packings 

Razor  honei,  small,  fine  naudstones 

Ribbons: 

Of  cotton,  plain  or  worked,  gross  weight 

Of  cotton,  colored,  plain,  or  worked^  for  suspenders  and  cloak,  rib- 
hons,  gross  weight 

Of  cotton  velvet 

Of  linen  or  with  cotton  mixture,  smooth  or  twilled,  gross  weight 

Of  cotton  or  linen,  with  or  without  other  material,  twilled  or  with 
crossed  threads  for  shoes,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Of  wool  or  with  cotton  mixture,  of  one  color,  plain  or  worked  for 
coverlids.  Sec.  gross  weigh t 

Same,  for  cloak  ribbons,  gross  weight •. 

Of  hemp,  ordinar}',  for  fhmiture  springs 

Or  hands  of  wool,  or  with  cotton  mixture,  up  to  12  centimeters  wide. . 

Same,  up  to  25  centimeters  wide 

Rice  in  grain,  gross  weight .: 

Rice  ground  for  food 

Roofing  of  tarred  wool,  gross  weight 

Rosaries  of  wood,  cocoa,  vegetable  ivory,  hone,  with  chain  of  brass  or 

iron 

Rugs  of  cloth  with  stamped  colors,  gross  weight 

Sailcloth: 

Of  linen  or  cotton  mixture  or  Jute  cases,  gross  weight 

Same,  in  packages,  &o.,  gross  weight 

Salt,  table,  in  rock  or  grain 

Salt,  powdered,  gross  weight 

Satin: 

Of  cotton  and  wool  mixture  for  linings  and  for  ladies'  garments  in 
cases,  gross  weight 

Ssme,  in  packages,  &c. ,  gross  weight 

Of  wool  lor  ladies*  garments  (same  as  Na  1070)  in  cases,  gross  weight. 

Same,  in  packages,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Scallops  of  kid  or  other  skin  for  hoot  linings,  by  pairs 


Tnit 


Kilogram 


do 
do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
.do 
do 
do 


Gross 
..do 
..do 


1,000 

do  .... 
Kilogram 


Taloa- 
tion. 


to  45 

90 
50 

1  20 
80 

1  00 
45 
20 
25 
07 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


Meter 


do 


..  do    ... 
Kilogram 


Dozen 
...do  . 


Kilogram . 
...do    .... 

...do 

Dozen  .... 
Kilogram . . 
Dozen .... 


Kilogram 


.do 
.do 
.do 


do 


..  do  .... 

...do  .... 
...do.... 
Dozen . . . 
..  do  ... 
Kilogram 

...do.... 


Oross 

Kilogram . . 


..  do...... 

..do 

Quintal 

Kilogram . . 


..do. 
...do  . 
...do. 
...do  . 
Dozen 


Same,  of  gauze  or  cotton  cambric,  edged  in  the  loom,  gross  weight. . . .'  Kilogram 


1  00 
3  00 

2  00 

2  00 
4  00 
2  25 

20 
30 
10 
30 
10 

08 

12 

25 
26 

1  00 
12  00 

12 
1  50 

25 
4  00 
1  30 
500 

1  25 

2  00 

3  00 
200 

2  75 

2  40 

3  00 
30 

1  50 

3  00 

09 

20 

10 

900 
70 

80 
95 
68 
06 

2  55 

3  05 
425 

4  75 
1  25 
500 

TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


465 


B. — Jriicles  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent — Continued. 
a.  GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


Ko. 


732 

733 

63 

62 

1191 

1036 

1037 

374 

375 

268 

318 
310 
320 
321 
323 
324 
325 

1137 
1139 
1141 
1143 

1031 

1032 

1033 

1034 

712 

448 

55 

455 

400 

1085 

1(187 

1152 

1153 

1155 

895 

729 

731 

1206 
1207 
1963 

1319 
1320 

997 
998 

457 
458 

80 
81 
82 
83 
1326 

368 

369 

1042 

1360 

1023 

959 
900 
961 

170 
171 

172 

107 
108 


Article,  Sec. 


SealiDg  wax: 

Inbars  for  letters,  grosv  weight 

Ordinary  for  sealing  bottles,  gross  weight 

Serge  of  wool,  f0.006  per  centimeter  of  weight 

Serge  of  wool  and  cotton.  $0,004  per  centimeter  of  width 

Sheets  for  bath,  twilled  thread,  all  kinds,  gross  weight 

Shoe  soles  of  cork  (inner  soles) 

Siioe  soles  of  rubber 

Shoulder  knots,  leather  or  Japanned  leather  for  soldiers 

Same,  of  silk,  with  copper  thread,  gilded  or  plated 

Sieves  of  horsehair  or  other  material,  10  to  20  centimeters  diameter 
Skins: 

Goat  or  kid 

Chinchilla 

Guanaco  or  deer 

Wolf 


Bear. 
Tiger. 


Unit. 


Vicufla 

Skirts: 

Fof  ladies'  underwear ;  cotton,  plain,  not  made  up : 

For  ladies'  underwear ;  cotton,  edged  or  frilled,  not  made  up 

For  ladies'  underwear ;  cotton  ancTwool,  plain,  not  made  up 

Same,  edged  or  frilled,  not  made  up 

Slates : 

Folding,  two  leaves,  for  office 

Porcelain,  one  leaf,  for  office,  to  30  centimeters  long 

For  roofing 

For  billiards,  by  square  meters 

Soap,  ordinary,  for  washing,  grosa  weight 

Sperm  of  whale,  in  paste,  gross  weight 

Starch,  gross  weight 

Stearine.  in  paste,  gross  weight 

Steps,  of  wood,  double  or  single 

Stockings : 

Cotton,  for  men  and  bo,v6,  gross  weight 

Wool,  mixed,  for  men  and  boys,  gross  weight 

Half-hose,  for  men  and  boys,  of  cotton,  gross  weight 

Same,  for  ladies  and  misses,  of  cotton,  gross  weight 

Wool  and  cotton,  mixed,  gross  weight 

Straw  for  hat  making,  groes  weight... 

Strawberries,  raspberries,  &,c.,  Juices  of,  in  barrela 

Split  reeds,  prepared  for  furniture,  gross  weight 

Suet: 

Strainedorpurifled.  gross  weight 

Not  strained  or  purified,  gross  weight. 

Sumac,  powdered  for  tanners,  gross  wSght 

Suspenders : 

Cotton,  with  or  without  elastic .-. 

Of  sUk,  with  or  without  elastio 

Stones: 

For  paving,  not  of  marble,  gross  weight 

Flint     

Stereoscopes: 

Small,  of  wood,  without  views  or  up  to  20  views 

«  Of  cardboard,  without  views.  Sec 

Table  mats: 

Of  straw 

Of  wood,  folding 

Of rubber 

Of  osier.     

Tents  of  canvas,  waxed  or  not,  6  m.  by  7.50  m 

Thimbles: 

Of  bone 

Of  mot  her  of  pearl  or  ivory 

Toothpicks  of  quill 

Tow  and  punk  for  smokers.  See.,  gross  weight 

Twine,  tarred,  groas  weight. 

Umbrellas,  parasols,  or  hat  covers : 

Of  cotton 

Of  wool  or  with  cotton  mixture 

Of  wool,  silk  mixed 

Uppers: 

Of  kid  or  calf  for  ladies'  shoes,  by  pairs 

Of  kid  or  calf,  or  Japanned  leather  for  ladies'  shoes,  with  closed  quar* 
ters,  by  pairs 

Of  kid  or  calf  for  men's  shoes,  by  pairs 

Varnish : 

Ordinary,  for  vessels ^ 

Fine,  in  flasks  for  fttmiture,  grosa  weignt 


Kilogram . 

...d? 

Meter 

...do 

Eilogi'am . 

...do 

...do 

Dozen  ..... 

...do 

....do 


Valua- 
tions. 


.do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

.do 
do 
do 

.do 


...do 

...do 

1,000 

So.  meter . . . 
Kilogram . . . 

do 

...do 

.   .  do 

One 


Kilogram* 
...AS.... 

...do 

..  do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 

Liter 

Kilogram 


.do 

do 

.do 


Dosen 
...do. 


Kilogram . . . 
Thousand. . . 

One 

...do 


Doien 
...do. 
...do. 
...do. 
One... 


Dozen 

...do 

Thousand... 
Kilogram  . . . 
...dS 


Dozen 

...do. 

...do. 


do 

do 
do 


Liter 

Kilogram 


$1  00 
80 


1  00 

90 

1  25 

3  00 
18  00 

5  00 

4  00 
3  50 

7  00 
9  00 

60  00 

108  OO 

15  00 

6  00 
18  00 

24  00 
36  00 

3  00 

8  00 

25  00 

4  00 
15 
80 
16 
80 

3  00 


1 
3 

1 
3 


35 
50 
85 
25 
50 
40 
40 
50 

18 
15 
12 


2  00 
6  00 

01 
2  00 


4 
1 

2 
2 
1 
2 


00 
00 

00 
50 
25 
5Q 


25  00 

35 
1  25 

80 
1  00 

15 

6  00 
9  00 

15  00 

3  00 

12  00 

16  00 

10 
1  60 


1748  CONG  —A  P- 


^0 


466 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


B. — ArtidleB  whicih  pay  a  duty  of  2^  per  cent. — Con  tinned, 
a.  GENERAL  ICERCHANDISE. 


Ko. 


10» 

761 
742 

1348 
1349 
1350 
1257 

234 
236 

101 
102 
103 
104 
105 

1328 

1329 

819 


1258 

1250 

1200 

1201 
1203 
1204 
1205 
757 


1379 
1394 

1403 
1404 
1405 
1406 
1420 

1390 

1399 
1427 

1428 
1433 
1418 


1438 
1479 
1480 

1482 

1762 

1763 
1783 

1898 
1530 
1639 
1827 

1485 
1486 

1487 


Artiole,fto. 


Varnish— CoDtinaed. 

AU  othefT  cUuMes.  gross  weight 

Vegetables  and  dried  garden  stuff;  not  elsewhere  specified^  gross  weight. 

Vegetable  wool,  gross  weight / 

Vinegar,  common : 

In  ordinary  bottles 

In  other  packing 

Rose  vinegar  in  vials 

Washboards ■ 

Wax: 

Vegetable  or  mineral,  gross  weight 

Prepared,  for  shoemakers,  gross  weight 

Whalebone : 

Grade,  gross  weight 

Worked,  or  imitation,  gross  weight 

Prepared  for  corsets  but  not  covered,  gross  weight 

Same  covered,  gross  weight 

Of  iron  covered  for  corsets,  gross  height ■ 

Window  shades : 

Cotton,  elided  or  painted,  with  or  without  flxtnres  up  to  2.50  long  — 

Of  wooden  slats,  gilded,  dM}.,asNo.  1328 

Wood,  ordinary,  as  pine,  oak,  &c.,  planed  or  dovetailed,  boards  25  millime- 
ters thick  

Wooden  slabs : 

For  making  boxes  for  wine,  liqaors,  or  macaroni,  dovetailed  or  not, 
^ross  weight 

Of  pine,  rough,  for  picture  backs,  up  to  3  millimeters  thick  and  50 
centimeters  wide 

Of  cedar  for  picture  backs,  &c 

Woolen.     {See  alto  "  Dry  goods.") 

Woolen  or  cotton  satin  stuff  for  shoes  in  cases,  gross  weight 

Same  in  packages,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Woolen  or  silk,  or  cotton  mixed  goods  for  shoes  in  cases,  gross  weight — 

Same  in  packages.  Sec,  gross  weight 

Yeast  powder,  grods  weight 


b.  SILK  GOODS. 


Belts,  transparent  silk,  cotton  mixed 

Blankets  of  floss  silk  or  with  other  mixture,  gross  weight 

Cloth  of  silk : 

With  silver  thread,  $0.06  per  centimeter  wide 

With  metal  thread,  $0.03  per  centimeter  wide 

With  ordinary  metal  thread,  $0.01  per  centimeter  wide 

Garters  of  silk  or  cotton  mixture,  with  or  without  elastic 

Parasols  of  silk  or  with  cotton  mixture,  without  ornaments,  ribs  leas 
than  60  centimeters  long 

Plush  of  black  silk  or  with  cotton  mixture,  for  hats,  up  to  80  centime- 
ters wide 

Raw  silk  goods,  including  packages    

Satin  or  serge  of  silk,  with  mixtui-e  of  cotton  or  linen,  for  garments,  &o., 
including  packages 

Satin  and  reps  of  silk,  ^r  garments,  furniture,  &c.,  including  packings.. . 

Suspenders  of  silk  or  with  other  mixture,  with  or  without  elastic 

Umbrellas,  silk  or  cotton  mixed 


e.  HARDWARE,  METALS,  ETC. 

Articles  of  worked  steel,  not  specified,  over  5  kilograms,  gross  weight . . . 

Articles  of  spelter,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Articles  of  washed,  nickeled,  or  German  silver,  not  specified,   gross 

weight 

Articles  of  papier-mach6,  paper  or  composition  japanned,  not  specified, 

gross  weight 

Articles  of  cast  or  wrought  iron,  manufactured,  plain,  painted,  or  tinned, 

not  specified,  gross  weight 

Same  with  porcelain,  white  or  painted,  gross  weight 

Articles  of  brass,  manufactured,  plain,  tinned,  painted,  or  porcelained, 

not  specified,  gross  weight 

Articles  of  zinc,  not  specified,  gross  weisht 

Articles  of  brass,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Axles  of  iron  for  carts,  &.o.,  gross  weight 

Balances,  iron  weights  for,  gross  weight 

Balances : 

For  gold  or  drugs,  stationary  or  hand,  iron  weights  for,  gross  weight . . . 
For  drugs,  called  "pendulum,"  with  or  without  marole  cover,  gross 

weight 

Ordinary  banging,   balance  plates  of  brass,  iron,  bronze,  or  copper, 

gross  weignt 


Unit 


Kilogram 

— do  — 

...do  .... 


Dozen  — 

Liter 

Kilogram 
One 


Kilogram 
...dS-... 


.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 


Dozea 
...do. 


Sqr.  meter . 


Kilogram 


Meter. 
...do. 


...  do..... 
...do.... 
...do..-. 


.do 
do 


Meter. 
...do. 
...do. 
Dozen. 

...do. 


Valua- 
tion. 


$0  60 
25 
20 

2  00 
07 
30 
20 


30 
45 

44 

00 
00 
50 


3 
4 

5 
300 

24  00 
2i00 

40 


04 

05 
08 

leo 

200 
350 
390 
40 


Meter 

Kilogram 


...do. 
...do. 
Dozen. 
...do. 


Kilogram 
...do... 


do 

.do 

do 
do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

.do 

do 

.do 


22  00 
125 


-'300 

16  00 

160 
15  00 

15  00 

15  00 

800 

30  00 


25 
1  SO 

200 

70 

25 

50 

50 
30 
1  50 
10 
15 

12  00 

200 

15 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


467 


B. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty  of  ^per  oenf.— Continued. 
c.  HARDWABE,  METALS,  ETC. 


No. 


1488 
1489 
1490 
1542 

1546 
1547 
1548 
1540 
1572 
1675 
18M 
1656 

1521 
1522 
1531 

1492 
1493 
1494 
1495 
1496 
1689 
1688 
1629 

1612 
1445 
1866 
1798 

1619 
1790 
1610 
1458 
1808 
1441 

1598 
1599 

1600 
1«83 

iei6 

1«17 
liJU 
1465 

1707 
1462 
1606 

1^84 

1885 

1579 
I5h0 
1581 

ieo2 

1650 
1649 
1817 
1T76 
1672 
1725 

leoo 

1467 
1468 
1471 

1604 

leos 

1631 
1504 
1730 
1««8 
1768 


Artioles. 


Balances — Continned. 

Spring,  of  iron  or  with  parts  of  bronze,  gross  weight 

Iron  or  part  bronze,  with  one  balanoe-plate  for  counter,  gross  weight. 

Platform  scales,  wood  or  iron  cases,  gross  weight 

Bath  heaters,  of  copper,  plain  or  tinned,  cylindrictu,  gross  weight 

Bells: 

Of  bell  metal,  gross  weight 

Of  steel,  gross  weight 

Of  cast  iron,  gross  weight 

For  table,  gross  weight 

Small,  gross  weight 

Bellows,  for  honse  use,  to  50  centimeters  wide,  gross  weight 

Bolu,  iron,  with  or  without  nuts,  plain  or  galvanized,  gross  weight 

Bottle  props,  iron,  plain  or  galvanized,  gross  weight ...:.... 

Brazit^rs: 

Of  wrought  iron,  gross  weight 

Of  cast  iron,  gross  weight    

Bronze,  powdered,  gross  weight a.. 

Buckets: 

Iron  or  zinc,  painted  or  tinned,  gross  weight 

Wooden  hand,  with  iron  handles 

Same,  with  bronze  handlen 

Same,  wooden  bundles  and  covers 

Same,  gutta-percha 

Bnckles  for  leather  ^oo<l8 ;  iron,  paint«d  or  tinned,  gross  weight 

Buttons,  iron,  steel,  bronze,  or  nicKel,  for  trousers.  Sec.,  gross  weight 

Bronze  or  copper,  manufactured  articles  not  elsewhere  8i>ecified,  gross 

weight 

Can  openers,  tin 

Canvas  and  crotchet  needles,  gross  weight 

Chair  rollers,  of  wood,  glans,  horn,  bone,  or  china,  gross  weight 

Cigar  lighters,  ordinary  metal,  with  or  without  punk,  flint,  or  steel,  gross 

weight 

Cleavers,  for  kitchen  use,  gross  weight 

do 

Closet  traps,  with  or  withont  china  or  porcelain,  gross  weight 

Clothes  pins,  wood,  with  or  without  spring 

Coffee  grinders,  small,  gross  weight 

Compasses,  small,  for  miners 

Copper: 

In  leaves  and  sheets,  gross  weight 

Perforated  for  colanders,  gross  weight 

Old,  in  useless  pieces,  gross  weight 

Corkscrews,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Covers  for  salad,  wood 

Covers  for  salad,  ivory  ..  

Crosses,  and  medals  for  rosaries,  tin  or  brass,  gross  weight \ 

Cruet  stands,  of  iron,  wood,  composition,  or  paper,  with  or  without  bot- 
tles, gross  weight 

Cnlti vators,  iron,  complete  or  incomplete,  gross  weight 

(hirrj-  combs  for  horses,  gross  weight 

Dog  collars,  leather  or  metal,  gross  weight 

Door  handles : 

Bronze,  crystal,  iron,  china  or  composition,  gross  weight 

Same,  for  drawers,  gross  weight 

Door  locks : 

Iron,  inferior  quality,  gross  weight 

Wrought  or  cast  iron,  all  other  classes,  gross  weight 

Bronze,  with  or  without  iron  door  handles,  gross  weight 

Economy  ovens,  wrought  or  cast  iron,  with  or  without  fixtures,  gross 

weight 

Emory,  gross  weight 

Enamel,  with  or  without  false  stone  for  flowers,  gross  weight 

Eye«,  metallic,  for  shoes,  gross  weight 

Fire-irons,  3  pieces,  gross  weight 

Forges,  iion,  portable,  all  sizes 

Garden  tools,  sets  of,  ^ross  weight 

Gauges,  wooden,  for  hqnids  in  barrels  or  pipes 

Glasses,  for  the  eyes: 

Wireframes 

Iron  or  steel  frames,  with  or  without  cases 

Glasses,  field 

Glue  pots,  cast  iron : 

Plainer  tinned,  gross  weight 

Porcelain  lined,  gross  weight >•* 

Gun  nipples  and  vents,  gross  weight 

Gun -nipples,  ramrods  and  wad  removers  combined 

Handles,  of  wood,  for  iron  tools  and  miner^s  lamps,  gross  weight 

Hammer,  claw,  of  iron,  gross  weight 

Hain>^  of  iron  wire,  gross  weight 


Unit 


Elilogram . 

— do 

...do 

One 


Kilogram 

— do 

...do  .... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
..do.... 


do 
do 
do 


Valua- 
tion. 


$1  00 

80 

20 

7  00 


50 
20 
10 
00 
00 
50 
10 
15 


...do.... 

Dozen 

...do.... 
...do.... 
do.... 
Elilogram 
...do 


...do.... 
Dozen  ... 
Kilogram 
...do  .... 


...do 

...do 

..  do 

..do 

Hundred... 
Elilogram  . . 
Dozen 


Kilogram 

...do  .... 

..do.... 

- .  do 

Dozen  ... 
...do..-. 
Kilogram 


do 

.do 

do 

do 

.do 
.do 

.do 

.do 

do 


...do.... 

...do.... 

...do  .... 

...do.... 

.  do.... 

One 

Kilogram 
Dozen  ... 


...do 

do 

One.- 


Kilogram 

...do 

Dozen  — 
Kilogram 

.'.V.do'.'.V.. 


25 

08 

5  00 

25 

3  00 
9  00 

4  00 
18  00 

60 
1  OO 

1  00 

1  00 

4  00 

40 

1  50 
30 
30 
25 
50 
20 
12  00 


50 
70 
15 
00 
00 


1 
2 

15  00 
1  50 

30 
15 
30 
75 

65 
1  00 

25 
45 

60 

12 

15 

8  00 

1  00 

60 

15  00 

60 

10  00 


1 
2 

7 


50 
00 
00 


12 
25 
40 
6  00 
20 
35 
45 


468 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


B. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent — Continned. 
e  UAHDWARE,  METALS,  ETC. 


No. 


1715 
1847 
1791 
1681 

1692 
1691 
1756 

1760 
1761 
177V5 
1787 
1475 
1509 

1623 

16*^4 
1706 
1814 
1815 
1659 
1618 
1778 
1779 
1663 
1841 

1835 
1836 
1837 
1082 

1882 

1583 
1733 
1716 

1460 
1461 

1587 

1588 
15fe9 

1591 
1592 
1593 
1594 
1596 
1636 
1637 
1766 
1551 
1552 
1457 
1833 

1803 
1804 
1805 
1669 
1670 
1671 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1823 
1889 
1708 
1513 
1514 
1516 
1625 
1460 


Article,  &.c. 


Harrows:  « 

Put  together  or  detached,  grosa  weij^ht 

Of  iron  or  with  pieces  of  wood,  gross  weight 

Hitching  strape  for  oeasts,  iron 

Hoolcs,  for  hanging  clothes,  with  or  without  knobs,  iron,  plain,  or  gal- 
vanized, gross  weight 

Horseshoes,  gross  weight 

Ice-creani  freezers  in  wooden  bucketa,  gross  weight 

Iron  or  steel  instrunients,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Iron  in  sheets : 

Painted,  gross  weight 

Galvanized,  gross  weight. 


Jars,  croclcery  or  porcelain  with  metal  top,  gross  weight 

Keys,  iron,  for  drawer  locks,  doors,  or  padlocks,  gross  weight 

Key  rings,  iron  or  steel,  poss  weight 

Key  escutcheons,  wood,  bone,  leather,  porcelain,  &o.,  gross  weight 

Knives :  ^ 

With  bandies  of  ivory,  mother  of  pearl,  composition  or  imitation, 
with  or  without  forks,  gross  weight 

All  classes  not  specified,  gross  weight 

For  shoemaker's,  gross  weight 

With  fork  and  spoon  for  pocket -case 

Common,  for  sailors  or  fruit,  gross  weight 

Forks  and  spoons  for  traveling  case 

Ladlf  s,  iron,  for  tar  or  lead  skimming,  gross  weight 

Lamps,  glass  *  for  kerosene,  with  or  without  metal,  gross  weight 

Lamps,  small,  one  light,  with  reflector  for  wall,  gross  weight 

Lantern,  glass,  with  iron,  copper,  or  composition  wire,  gross  weight 

Letter  presses,  of  iron,  gross  weight 

Lead: 

In  useless  pieces,  ^oss  weight 

Articles,  not  specified,  over  46  kilograms 

Fine,  in  sheets,  for  tapping  bottles 

Levers,  iron,  gi'oss  weight 

Locks  {see  also  "  Door-locka  *')  for  trunk  or  box,  with  or  without  pieces 
of  bronze,  gross  weight 

Same,  of  bronze,  gross  weight 

Mallets,  iron,  for  ship  carpenters,  gross  weight 

Markers,  of  wood,  with  or  without  other  pieces,  gross  weight 

MoHars : 

Brass  or  wrought  iron,  g^ross  weight 

Of  wood,  gross  weight 

Nails: 

Tarpauling,  copper  or  composition,  with  or  without  washers,  gross 
weight     ...   

Iron  wire,  all  sizes,  plain  or  varnished,  gross  weight 

Same,  galvanized,  over  25  centimet'Crs  long,  with  or  without  washers, 
gross  weight 

Tarpauling,  iron,  with  washers  or  without,  gross  weight 

Horseshoe,  iron,  gross  weight 

For  shoes,  iron,  gross  weight * , 

Iron,  all  classes  not  specified,  over  25  |]pilimeters  long,  groes  weight. 

Zinc,  gross  weight : 

Ovens  or  cooleis,  cast-iron,  for  kitchens,  gross  weight 

Ovens,  &.C.,  with  porcelain,  gross  weight 

Ovens,  for  toasting  cotfee,  for  family  use 

Padlocks,  iron  or  part  bronze,  gross  weight ■ 

Pa<llock,  bronze,  gross  weight 

Pins,  common,  gi-oss  weight. 

Plumbago,  gross  weight 

Pocket  meters : 

Silk  case  of  wood  or  tin,  to  2  miliroetors  long 

Of  varnished  stuff 

Wood,  1)one,  ivoiy,  bronze,  or  whalebone 

Pots,  cast-iron,  untinned,  gross  weight 

Pots,  boilei-s,  and  kettles,  tinned,  gross  weight 

Pots,  Sec,  of  wronght-iron,  tinned  or  galvanized,  gross  weight 

Pots,  cast-iron,  not  tinned,  gross  weight .* 

.  Pots,  cast-iron,  tinne<l,  gross  weight 

Pots,  cast-iron,  porcelain  lined,  gross  weight 

Pots  and  kettles,  casMron,  porcelain  lined,  gross  weight 

Pressea,  for  beef,  &c.,  of  iron 

Punches,  of  iron,  to  perlbrate  iron,  gross  weight 

Pumps  for  wells,  common  iron,  piston  and  bronze  connection,  gross  weight . 

Pumps,  force,  common  iron,  gross  weight 

Razors  gross  weight .  , 

Rosary  beads,  'vliite  or  yellow  metal,  gross  weight 

Rings,  crowns,  or  points  of  iron  for  umbrellas,  gross  weight 


Unit 


Valua- 
tion. 


Kilogram 
Dozen 


Kilogram 

...dJ... 

...do  .... 

...do.... 


.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 


..do    .... 

..do 

...do 

Dozen 

Kilogram . 

Dozen 

Kilogram. 
...do    .... 

Dozen 

Kilogram. 
do 


do 

.do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

.do 
do 


do 
do 


...do.... 

...do.... 

...do.... 

...do 

....do  ..... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
..  do.... 

Dozen 

Kilogram 

...do  .... 

...do  .... 

...do... 


Dozen  — 
...do.... 

..  do.... 
Kilogram 
...d?.... 

...do.... 
...do.... 
...do  .... 

...do.... 
...do.... 

One 

Kilogram 

...dJ.... 

...do..... 
....do 

...do.... 
....do.... 


to  IS 

12 

6  00- 

IS 
08 
3S 

35 


08 
10 
20 
75 
00 
50 


5  0 

1  00 

60 

60O 

85 

15  00 

2S 

35 

12  00 

75 

15 

06 

08 

1  OO 

40 

90 
1  25 

10 
1  OO 

12 

08 


50 

14 

13 
14 
20 
18 
09 
16 
12 
25 
15  00 
4S 

1  00 
70 
10 

4  OO 
50 

2  50 
08 
12 
20 
08 
12 
25 
25 

25  00 
90 
20 
35 

2  50 

3  00 
40 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTRIES. 


469 


B. — Articles  which  pat^  a  duty  of  25  per  cent, — ContiDued. 
e  HABDWASB,  HBTALS,  ETC. 


Na 


1476 

1720 
1695 
1534 
1835 
1880 
1846 

1887 
1888 
1440 
1713 

1544 
1515 
1824 

1686 
1687 
1870 
1642 
1786 
1665 

1859 
1860 
1652 

1657 
1658 
1558 

1871 

1872 
1874 
1875 

1634 
1636 
ia55 
1879 
1647 
1510 

1891 
1892 
1893 
1497 
1788 
1855 

1450 
1452 
145:^ 
1454 
1455 

1456 

1473 
1524 
1525 
1526 
1528 

1527 
1559 
1878 
1802 


1902 
1903 
1904 


Article,  ^o. 


Ringa  of  iron,  bronzed,  tinned,  or  painted,  with  or  without  screw,  gross 

weight 

Riveting  irons  for  tinsmiths,  gross  weight 

Rods,  iron  or  steel,  prepared  lor  nmbrellas,  gross  weight , 

Saucepan,  cast-iron,  plain  or  tinned,  gross  weight 

Same,  porcelain-lined,  gross  weight 

Scissors,  ail  classes  not  specified,  gross  weight — 

Scrapers  for  ships,  gross  weight 

Screws,  iron: 

Polished  or  tinned,  gross  weight 

Roagh,  with  or  without  nats,  gross  weight 

Sharpeners  for  table  knives 

Shaves  for  carpenters,  gross  weight 

Sboe-hoi-ns : 

Of  metal 

Of  bone  or  horn 

Shovels,  wooden 

Sieves: 

Fine  iron  wire,  for  all  uses,  gross  weight 

Of  yellow  wire,  gross  weight 

Soldering  bronzo,  gross  weight 

Sounds  of  lead  for  sailors,  gross  weight 

Spigots  of  wood  or  part  iron,  gross  weight 

Spit«  or  gridirons,  white  or  yellow  metal,  gross  weight 

Springs: 

Iron,  for  furniture,  plain  or  copper,  galvanized,  gross  weight 

Steel,  \.for  caiTia^es,  gross  weignt 

Spurs,  iron,  plain  or  tinned,  gross  weight 

Stirrups : 

Iron,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Of  wood,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Stove-pipe,  zinc,  gross  weight 

Tacks: 

Bronze,  copper,  or  composition,  less  than  25  millimetera  long,  gross 
weight 

Iron,  lesrt  than  25  millimeters  long,  gross  weight 

Tea-pota,  cast-iron,  gross  weight ' 

name,  porcelain-Iine<l,  gross  weight 

Thimbles: 

Iron,  steel,  or  white  or  yellow  metal,  gross  weight 

Iron,  with  piece  of  leather  for  canvas  sewing 

Tin,  sheet,  gro«s  weight. 

Tin  shears  or  pruning  shears,  gross  weight 

Tinder-boxes,  iron  or  steel,  gross  weight 

Tips  of  cast-iron  for  ends  of  cart  axes,  gross  weight 

Traps: 

Steel,  for  rats 

Of  wire 

Of  wood,  for  mice 

Trays,  brass  >t  iron,  Japanned,  gross  weight 

Watch  keys,  steel  or  brass 

Watches,  ordinary  metal,  nickeled .' 

Wij«: 

Iron,  between  sizes  No.  7  to  No.  20,  inclusive,  gross  weight 

Same,  galvauized.  gross  weight 

Iron,  all  classes  over  No.  20,  gross  weight 

Iron,  grating,  in  rolls,  plain  or  galvanized,  gross  weight 

Iron,  articles  not  specified,  alone  or  with  pieces  of  other  material, 
gross  weight 

Iron,  nettinj^.  not  specified,  alone  or  with  pieces  of  other  material, 
gross  weight    

Instruments,  for  bending  wire  and  doubling  tin,  &c.,  gross  weight. .. 

Clasps  for  hooks,  gross  weight 

Of  bronze  or  copper,  gross  weight 

Netting  of  bronze  or  copper,  in  rolls,  gross  weight 

Netting  of  bronze,  &c.,  manufactured  articles  not  specified,  gross 
weight 

Of  bronze  or  copper,  articles  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Wells,  Wooden  tubes  for,  &c 

Wool  shears,  iron,  gross  weight 

Yellow  metal,  in  leaves  or  sheets ;  old  or  useless  articles,  gross  weight. . . 


d.  DRUGS  AND  MEDICINES. 
Acid: 

Acetic,  gross  weight 

Boracic,  gross  weight 

Carbolic,  in  crystals,  gross  weight 


Unit 


Kilogram 


do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 


...do 

...do 

Dozen  — 
Kilogram 

Dozen  .  .. 

...do 

...do 


Kilogram 
...do 


do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
do 
do 

.do 

do 

.do 


.do 

do 

.do 

.do 


...do 

Dozen  — 
Kilogram 

.''.do'.'.'.'.'. 
...do 


Valu*- 
tion. 


$0  30 
45 
25 
12 
25 
2  00 
25 

25 

15 

6  00 

1  00 

2  00 
1  00 
4  00 

30 
50 
30 
10 
45 
1  00 

14 
30 
50 

225 
20 
20 


75 
80 
12 
25 

00 
75 
00 
00 
80 
10 


Dozen 

...do 

...do 

Kilogram 

Gross 

One 


Kilogram 
...do    .... 

...do 

...do 


.do 

.do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


...do 

...do 

Decimeter 

Kilogram  . 
...do. 


125 

8  00 

1  00 
50 

2  00 

3  00 

10 
14 
25 
40 

70 

1  00 
40 
70 
50 

1  00 


2 
1 


50 
50 
02 
80 
15 


Kilogram 
...do..... 
...do 


30 
50 
80 


470 


TAEIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  C0UNTEIE8. 


B. — Articlee  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent. — Continued. 
d.  DBU6S  AJH)  HEDICnrES. 


Na 


1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1011 
1012 
1913 
1014 
1015 
1916 
1918 
1924 
1901 
1931 
1934 

1023 
1936 
1937 
1938 
1939 
1935 
1943 

1944 
1945 
1946 
1947 
1938 
1949 
1950 
19S5 
1987 
1951 
1952 
1953 
1954 
1966 

1970 
1971 
2045 

1972 
1973 
1974 
1975 
1976 
1977 
2107 
1980 
1982 
2114 
1955 
1983 
1997 
1998 
1993 
1994 
1995 
2186 
2232 
1996 

2012 
8189 
1025 
2015 
2016 
2023 
2282 

2048 
2049 
2019 
2025 
2224 


Artide,  Slc 


Aoid  — Contixiaed. 

Carbolic,  liquid  or  powder,  grou  weight Kilogram. 

Citric,  groM  weight do 

ChrjHophanic,  indading  paokages do 

Phoapborio,  groaa  weight do 

Muriatic,  gross  weight do 

Nitric,  gross  weijghi. do 

Oxalic,  gross  weight  — * do 

Picric,  gross  weight do 

Sulphuric,  gross  weight do 

Tannic,  or  Tannin,  gross  weight do 

Tartaric,  cross  weight j...do 

Not  specified,  including  packages ...do 

AgoriCj  gross  weight L..do 

Alkaloids,  all  classes  not  specified,  including  packages ! ...  do 

Aloes,  gross  weight i...do 

Alum,  gross  weight do 

Amber^s,  including  packages do 

Ammonia : 


Unit 


Volatile  and  liquid,  gross  weight. 
~    ■  ilffht 


Carbonate,  gross  weight. 

Citrate,  nitrate,  oxalate,  sulphate,  gross  weight 

Hydrate,  gross  weight 

Other  preparations 

Amygdaline,  mclading  packages 

Anise,  gross  weight 

Antimonv : 

Metaillic,  gross,  weight 

Muriate,  gross  weight 

Oxide,  gross  weight 

Black  salphate,  gross  weight 

Yellow  smphate,  gross  weight 

Tartar  emetic,  gross  weight 

Other  preparations,  gross  weight 

Armenian  bolo,  white  or  red,  gross  weight 

Armenian  bole  of  Dr.  Albert,  dozen  cases 

Arsenic,  yellow,  white,  or  red,  gross  weight 

Arsenic,  other  preparations,  gross  weight. 

Articles  of  mbber  or  gutta  percha,  for  druggists,  gross  weight 

Asparagine,  including  packages 

Balsams,  medicinal,  not  speciiied,  gross  weight 

Barium: 

Chloride,  gross  weight 

.  Other  preparations,  gross  weight  — • , 

Barks,  mcaicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Baryta: 

Acetate,  gross  weight    , 

Carbonate,  gross  weight 

Caustic,  gross  weight 

Nitrate,  gross  weight 

Sulphate,  gross  weight 

Other  preparations,  gross  weight 

Beans,  medicinal,  whole  or  powdered,  gross  wbight 

Benzine,  gi'oss  weight 

Bismuth,  not  specified  prex)arations,  gross  weight 

Bones,  calcined,  gross  weight 

Borax,  gross  weight 

Bottle  tops,  bone'or  rubber,  gross  weight 

Boxes,  cardboard,  gross  weight 

Boxes,  wood,  gross  weight 

Bromine,  including  packages , 

Bromine,  preparations  of,  including  packages 

Bromoform,  iucloding  packages 

Bur^ndy  pitch,  gross  weight 

Bunion  shields,  boxes  of  12 .• , 

Cadmium  and  its  preparations,  including  packages 

Calamine : 
*  Prepared,  ^ross  weight 

Stone,  gross  weight 

Camphor,  gross  weight 

Cantnarides,  whole  or  powdered,  gross  weight 

Cannla  fistula,  gross  weight 

Castoreum,  inclolng  packages 

Catechu,  gross  weight 

Chalk: 

Camphorated,  gross  weight 

Prepared,  gross  weight 

Charcoal,  animal  or  vegetable,  gross  weight 

Cerium  and  its  preparations,  gross  weight 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  not  specified,  gross  weight. 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Dozen 

Kilogram. 
...do 


.do 

.do 

do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do  ...... 

...do 

..do 

...do 

...do 

..do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

-do 

Dozen 

Kilogram 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
.do 


Vain. 
atioiL. 


10  20 

1  00 

8  00 

25 

08 

12 

30 

1  20 

06 

1  25 

75 

4  00 

1  00 

20  OO 

50 

06 

60  00 

20 
15 
30 
20 


8  00 
30 

25 
25 
60 
25 

1  OO 
75 

5  00 
12 

8  W 
12 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 
3 
5 
2 


3 
1 


20 

3  00 

25 

1  50 
25 
40 
40 
04 

3  00 
50 
30 

5  00 
40 
30 
00 
00 
40 

3  00 

8  00 

30  00 

12 

1  00 
50O 

05 
05 
60 

2  50 
25 

10  00 
20 

45 

10 

15 

5  00 

500 


TAEIFP8  OP  THE  SEVEBAL  C0UNTEIE8. 


47t 


B  — ArtieUs  which  pay  a  duty  of2Sper  cent — Continued^ 
d.  DRUGS  AJSTD  MSDICIN£& 


Ko. 


2027 
2028 
2020 
2050 
2026 
2030 
2U5 
2038 
2039 
2040 

2031 
2032 
2033 
2034 
2044 
2223 
1927 
1928 
2164 
2046 
2213 
2047 
2051 
2054 
2055 
2056 
2248 
1960 
2222 
1967 
1968 
2150 
2151 
2C59 
2060 
2041 
2061 
2062 
2250 
2065 
2066 

2078 
2079 
2081 

2084 
2080 
2154 
2091 
2003 
2094 
2100 
2098 
2168 
2105 
2101 
2106 
2281 
2301 

1991 
1992 
1989 
1990 
2099 
2148 
1929 
2302 
2303 
2304 
2305 
2306 

1926 
1986 
2108 


Article,  &o. 


Chloral  hydrate,  inclading  packages 

Chlorodyne,  iDclnding  packages 

Chloroform,  including  packages   

Chroroiam  and  preparationfi,  incladlng  packages 

Cigarettes,  medicated,  gross  weight 

Cooalt  and  preparations,  including  packages 

Cocoa  butter,  gross  weight 

"Colcothar,"  gross  weight 

Collodion,  all  classes,  including  i>ackages 

Coloquintida,  gross  "height 

Copper: 

Carbonate,  chlorate,  nitrate,  oxide,  and  sulphite,  gross  weight . : 

Snba4^etate,  refined  sulphate,  gross  weight 

Unrefined  sulphate,  gross  weight 

Oi  her  preparations,  deluding  paclcages 

Coraline,  gross  weight 

Cork  sqaeeasers 

Cotton,  medicated,  gross  weight /. 

Cotton,  gun 

Crab's  eyes,  including  packages 

Cream  oV  tartar,  gross  weight 

do  


...do 

...do 

..do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Dozen 

One 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

Kilogram . . . 

...do 

Dozen 

Kilogram . . . 
...do 


.do 

do 

.do 


Creosote,  medicinal  preparation,  including  packages 

Cubebs.  gross  weight 

Deer's  horns,  calcined,  gross  weight 

Depilatories,  gross  weight 

Dextriue.  cross  weight 

Dragon's  blood,  gross  weight 

Dminago  tubes  of  metal , 

D  veing  presses,  up  to  8  liters 

Elastic  cotton  or  linen  bands  for  belts 

Elastic  belts  of  silk  for  belts 

Elastic  stockings  of  silk  (or  half  stockings)  for  vuicose  veins 

iSimo  of  cotton  or  linen 

Elaterium,  inclading  packages , 

Elatiuc  (pitch  water),  gross  weight  

Electro-magnetic  belts,  etc 

Electuaries,  gross  weight 

Eli  Kirs,  raediciual,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Erj:ot,  including  packages i. 

Er;jotine,  gros.**  weight 

EtMcnces,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Ether : 

Acetic,  chloric,  nitric,  sulphuric,  gross  weight 

Ot  her  ]) reparations,  including  packages 

Etbiop  mineral,  including  packages 

Extracts: 

Liquid.  rae<licina1.  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Not  liquid,  medicinal,  gross  weight 

Flics,  MUan,  gross  weight 

Klowers,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Fruit?*,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Gelat  ine,  gross  weight 

Glucose,  solid  or  liquid,  gross  weight 

(ilycorine,  gross  weight    

(iold  and  preparations,  gross  weight 

Guarana,  inoss  weight  

GuiTis,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Gntta  percha,  natural  state,  gross  weight 

Helinti*opc,  cakes  or  packages,  including  packings 

Herbs,  medicinal,  not  specitied,  gross  weight 

Hernial  trusses : 

Single 

Double 

Homeopathic  medicine  cases  up  to  65  kinds  in  vials 

Same,  with  more  than  65  vials 

Homeojpathic  globules,  gross  weight..... |  Kilogram 

Hound  8  tonjjTUc,  gros.s  weight do 


Unit. 


Kilo 


)gram 
do!!!! 


.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 


...do..... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do... 
...do.... 
Dozen  — 
Kilogram 

— do 

...do... 
...do..... 
...do.... 


Yala. 
ation. 


Infants'  food  i»r«»pared,  gross  weight 

Inrusions,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight . 

Ii^jectioDH.  medicinal,  not  Hpecitled,  gross  weight 

Iodine,  iiiclnd in?  packages   

Iodine,  preparations  not  specified,  gross  weight.. 

loiloform,  gross  weight 

Iron : 

Sulphate,  gross  weight 

Tartrate  of  iron  and  potash,  cross  weight 

Carbonate,  oxide,  and  sulphide,  gross  weight 


do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

do 
.do 


.do 
.do 
.do 


$2  60' 

8  oa 


2  GO 
5  00 
8  00 
2  00 
76 
20 
60 


1 
1 


1  00 
60 
16 

6  00 
25 

4  00 
35 

8  00 
50 
«0 
60 

2  00 
60 
50 

1  00 
16 

1  00 

2  00 


6  00 


2 
4 

2 
1 


00 
00 
00 
00 


20  00 


1 
3 
1 

1 
5 
5 


25 
00 
00 
50 
00 
00 
OO 


1  00 
6  00 
1  20 


00 
15  00 


5 
5 


00 

00 

35 

50 

50 

4  00 

10  00 

10  00 

03 
60 
25 


470 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


B. — Articlee  which  pay  a  duty  of  25  per  cent, — Continued. 
d.  DBUGS  AJH)  MEDICINES. 


Na 


1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1011 
1012 
1913 
1014 
1915 
1916 
1018 
1924 
1901 
1931 
1934 

1023 
1936 
1937 
1938 
1939 
1935 
1943 

1944 
1945 
1946 
1947 
1938 
1049 
1950 
1985 
1987 
1951 
19:)2 
1953 
1954 
1966 

1970 
1971 
2045 

1972 
1973 
1974 
1975 
1976 
1977 
2107 
1980 
1982 
2114 
195r> 
1983 
1J)97 
1998 
1993 
1994 
1995 
2186 
2232 
1996 

2012 
8189 
1925 
2015 
2016 
2023 
2282 

2048 
2040 
2019 
2025 
2224 


Artiole,  Slc 


Unit 


Kilogram. 

-do. 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do 

do 


Aoid  — Continued. 

Carbolic,  liqnid  or  powder,  gross  weight 

Citric,  gross  weight 

Chrysophuiio,  indnding  packages 

Phosphoric,  gross  weight 

Muriatic,  gross  weight 

Kitric,  gross  weight. 

Oxalic,  gross  weight  — * 

Picric,  gross  weight 

Snlphoric,  gross  weight 

Tannic,  or  Tannin,  gross  weight 

Tartaric,  cross  weight 

Not  specified,  including  packages 

AgoriCj  gross  weight 

Alkaloids,  all  classes  not  specified,  including  packages L . .  do 

Aloes,  gross  weight ...do 

Alum,  gross  weight do  < 

Amber^s,  including  packages do 

Ammonia : 

Volatile  and  liquid,  gross  weight do 

Carbonate,  gross  weight ^ do 

Citrate,  nitrate,  oxalate,  sulphate,  gross  weight do 

Hydrate,  gross  weight do 

Other  preparations 

Amygdaline,  including  packages do 

Anise,  gross  weight do 

Antimony : 

Metaillic,  gross,  weight do 

Muriate,  gross  weight do 

Oxide,  gross  weight do 

Black  sulphate,  gross  weight do 

Yellow  siuphate,  gross  weight do 

Tartar  emetic,  p-oss  weight do 

Other  preparations,  gross  weight do 

Armenian  bole,  white  or  red,  gross  weight do 

Armenian  bole  of  Dr.  Albert,  dozen  cases Dozen 

Arsenic,  yellow,  white,  or  red,  gross  weight Kilogram 

Arsenic,  other  preparations,  gross  weight...   do 

Articles  of  rubber  or  gutta  percha,  for  druggists,  gross  weight do 

Asparagine,  including  packages do 

Ba&ams,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight do 

Barium: 

Chloride,  gross  weight do 

.  Other  preparations,  gross  weight • do 

Barks,  mcaieinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight do 

Baryta: 

Acetate,  gross  weight    

Carbonate,  gross  weight 

Caustic,  gross  weight 

Nitrate,  gross  weight 

Sulphate,  gross  weight 

Other  preparations,  gross  weight 

Beans,  medicinal,  wliole  or  powdered,  gross  wbight 

Benzine,  gross  weight 

Bismuth,  not  specilied  preparations,  gross  weight 

Bones,  calcined,  gross  weight 

Borax,  gross  weight 

Bottle  tops,  bone'or  rubber,  gross  weight 

Boxes,  cardboard,  gross  weight 

Boxes,  wood,  gross  weight 

Bromine,  including  packages 

Bromine,  preparations  of,  including  packages 

Bromoform,  including  packages 

Bur^ndy  pitch,  gross  weight 

Bunion  shields,  boxes  of  12 , *.... 

Cadmium  and  its  preparations,  including  packages 

Calamine: 
•  Prepared,  ^:ross  weight do 

Stone,  gross  weight do 

Camphor,  gross  weight do 

Cantnarides.  whole  or  powdered,  gross  weight do 

Canula  fistula,  gross  wei ght do 

Castoreum,  inclding  packages do 

Catechu ,  gross  weight do 

Chalk: 

Camphorated,  gross  weight do 

Prepared,  gross  weight do 

Charcoal,  animal  or  vegetable,  gross  weight do 

Cerium  and  its  preparations,  gross  weight do 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  not  specified,  gross  weight do 


...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

. ..do  ....^ 

...do 

..do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do , 

...do 

...do 

...do 

..do , 

Dozen 

Kilogram . . 


Vain, 
atiom. 


10  20 

1  00 

8  00 

25 

08 

12 

30 

1  20 

06 

1  25 

75 

00 

00 


4 

1 

20  00 
50 
06 

60  00 

20 
15 
30 
20 


8  00 
30 

25 
25 
60 
25 

1  00 
75 

5  00 
12 

8  00 
12 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 
3 
5 
2 


3 
1 


20 

3  00 

25 

1  50 
25 
40 
40 
04 

3  00 
50 
30 

5  00 
40 
30 
00 
00 
40 

3  00 

8  OO 

30  00 

12 

1  00 
5  00 

05 
05 
60 

2  50 
25 

10  00 
20 

45 

10 

15 

5  00 

500 


\ 


TABIFP8  OP  THE  SEVERAL  C0UNTEIE8. 


471 


B  ^ArtioleB  which  pay  a  duty  of2Sper  ofn*.— Continued, 
d.  DRUGS  AJSTD  MSDICIN£& 


Ko. 


2027 
2028 
2029 
2050 
2026 
2030 
2145 
2038 
2039 
2040 

2031 
2032 
2033 
2034 
2044 
2223 
1927 
1928 
2164 
2046 
2213 
2047 
2051 
2054 
2055 
2056 
2248 
1900 
2222 
1967 
1968 
2190 
2151 
2C59 
2060 
2041 
2061 
2062 
2250 
2065 
2066 

2078 
2079 
2U81 

2084 
2080 
2154 
2091 
2093 
2094 
2100 
2098 
216« 
2103 
2101 
2106 
2281 
2301 

1991 
1992 
1989 
1990 
2099 
2148 
1929 
2302 
2303 
2304 
2305 
2306 

l»2rt 
1986 
2108 


Article,  &o. 


Chloral  hydrate,  including  packages 

ChloitMlyne,  including  packages 

Chloroform,  in  eluding  packages   

Chroroiam  and  preparationn,  including  packages 

Cisarettes,  medicated,  gross  weight 

Cooalt  and  preparations,  indading  packages 

Cocoa  butter,  gross  weight 

"Colcothar."  gross  weight 

Collodion,  all  classes,  including  packages 

Coloqnintida,  gross  "height 

Copper: 

Carbonate,  chlorate,  nitrate,  oxide,  and  sulphite,  gross  weight . : 

Snbacetate,  refined  sulphate,  gross  weight 

Unrefined  sulphate,  gross  weight 

Oi  her  preparations,  mcluding  packages 

Coraline,  gross  weight 

Cork  squeezers 

Cotton,  medicated,  gross  weight /. 

Cotton,  gun 

Crab*H  eyes,  including  packages 

Cream  of  tartar,  gross  weight 

do  


Kilo 


Creosote,  medicinal  preparation,  including  packages do 

C  ubebs.  gross  weight do 

Deer's  horns,  calcined,  gross  weight do 

Depilatories,  gross  weight do 

Dextnue,  gross  weight do 

Dia^on's  blood,  gross  weight , do 

Drainage  tubes  of  metal Dozen 

Dveing  presses,  up  to  8  liters One. 

Elastic  cotton  or  linen  bands  for  belts do 

Elastic  belts  ofsilk  for  belts do 

Elastic  stockings  of  silk  (or  half  stockings)  for  vuioose  veins do 

Sjirae  of  coiton  or  linen do 

Elaterium,  including  packages Kilogram 

Elatinc  (pitch  water),  gross  weight do 

Electro-magnetic  boltsieto Dozen 

Electuaries,  ^i  os-s  weight Elilogram 

EliKir<4.  medicinal,  all  classes,  gross  weight do 

Eriiot,  includiup:  packages * do 

Erjjotine,  gros.s  weight do 

Essences,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight do 

Ether: 

Acetic,  chloric,  nitric,  sulphuric,  gross  weight do 

Other  preparations,  including  packages do 

Ethiop  mineral,  including  packages do 

Extracts : 

Liquid,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight do 

Not  liquid,  medicinal,  gross  weight do 

Fliej»,  Milan,  gross  weight do 

Flowers,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight do 

Fruits,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight do 

Gelatine,  gross  weight — do 

Glucose,  solid  or  liquid,  gross  weight do 

CJ lycorine,  gross  weight    do 

Gold  and  preparations,  gross  weight -^.do 

( J uarana,  ^uss  weight        do 

Gums,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight do 

Gutra  percba,  natural  state,  gross  weight do 

ilelioti'ope,  cakes  or  packages,  including  packings do 

Ileibs,  mcilicinal,  not  si»eciliied,  gross  weight do 

Uerninl  trusses: 

Single Dozen 

Double do 

Homeopathic  medicine  cases  up  to  65  kinds  in  vials One 

Same,  with  more  than  05  vials do 

Homeopathic  globules,  gross  weight 1  Kilogram  .. 


•  Unit. 


)gram 
do!!'.! 


do 
do 
.do 
do 
do 
.do 
do 


...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do  .... 
...do.... 
Dozen  ... 
Kilogram 

do  — 

...do.... 

...do.... 

...do.... 


Hound  s  tongue,  gross  weight. 

Infants'  food  jHvparcd,  cross  weight 

Infusions,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight . 

Iniections.  medicinal,  not  Hpecilied,  gross  weight 

Iodine,  iuclndins  packages   

Io<line,  preparations  not  specified,  gross  weight.. 

Iodoform,  gross  weight 

Iron : 

Sulphate,  gross  weight 

Tartrate  of  iron  and  potash,  gross  weight 

Carbonate,  oxide,  and  sulphide,  gross  weight 


do 

do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

do 

do 

.do 
.do 
.do 


Yala- 
ation. 


$2  60' 
3  W 


2  00 
6  00 
8  00 
2  00 
76 
20 
60 
29 


1 
1 


1  00 
60 
16 

6  00 
25 

4  00 
36 

8  00 
50 

eo 

60 

2  00 
60 
60 

1  00 
15 

1  00 

2  00 


6  00 


2 
4 

2 
1 


00 
00 
00 
00 


20  00 


1 
3 
1 

I 
5 
6 


25 
00 
00 
50 
00 
00 
OO 


1  00 
5  00 
1  20 


5 
2 


70 
00 
50 
50 
30 

2  00 
12 
40 

400  00 

3  00 
60 

3  00 
40 
50 

6  00 
12  00 

5  00 
15  00 


5 
5 


00 

00 

35 

50 

50 

4  00 

10  00 

10  00 

03 
60 
25 


472 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COGNTBIES. 


B. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty  of  2^  per  cent, — Continned. 
d.  DRUGS  AND  MEDICINES. 


No. 


2109 


2110 
2111 
2037 
2117 
2280 
2110 
2120 
2121 
2123 
1978 

2199 
2200 
1984 
2202 
2203 
2113 
2125 
2129 
2170 


2003 
2004 
2005 
2000 
2008 
2009 
2010 
2128 
2127 
2130 
2131 
2192 
2014 

2180 
2170 
2132 
22C7 
2133 

2134 
2136 
2136 
2137 
2138 
2139 
2140 
2141 

2142 
2143 
2144 
2149 

2013 
'-'152 
2204 
1930 
2157 
2160 
2519 
1917 
2161 
21G2 
21G3 
1899 

1900 
2115 
21 G5 
2  J  06 
2171 
2172 
2173 


Article,  &c. 


IJnIt. 


tton. 


Iron — Continued. 

Citrate,  ammoniacal  citrate,  phosphate  lactate,  perchlorete,  ammo- 
niacal  poi  chlorate,  iron  by  hydrogen,  or  tlie  arseniurette  danl- 
phate,  mcluding  packages 

Same  as  No.  1926 

Other  preparations,  gross  weight 

Isinglass,  gruss  weight 

Jalaps-resin,  gross  weight 

Jayne's  tonic  vermifuge,  gn>8s  weight 

Kamela,  including  packages 

Kaolin,  grross  weight 

Kermes,  mineral,  including  packages 

Lycopodtuni,  incUiding  packages '. 

La==,  medicinal  preparations  of,  gross  weight 


Eilognun. 


Kilogram 

— do 

...do 

..  do.... 

...do 

...do 

...do.... 
...do.... 
...do  .... 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
do 
do 
do 


do 

.do 

do 

do 


do 
do 

.do 
do 

.do 

do 
do 

.do 
do 
do 

.do 
do 

.do 

.do 
do 
do 
do 

do 


Lead: 

Acetate  and  nitrate,  gross  ^eight 

Cartmnate,  gross  weight 

Carbonate  in-  cones,  gross  weight 

Chloride,  including  packages 

Other  preparations,  including  packages 

Leaves,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight ... 

Lf>ptandrin,  including  packages « 

Lichen,  gross  weight 

Licorice  in  paste,  gross  weight 

Limo: 

Dry  hypochlorite,  gross  weight. 

Liquid  sulphite  and  bisulphite,  gross  weight 

l*recipitate<l  phosphate,  gross  weight 

Fluor  spar,  ctohs  weight 

Superpuosphate,  ordinary,  gross  weight j.-..do 

Other  preparations,  gross  wei|rht ; do 

Chloride  in  crystals,  gross  weight I do 

Liniments,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight  ^ j do 

Liquors,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight  ,...*. | do 

Litnarge,  gross  weight 

Lithium,  and  jireparations,  including  packages 

Loadstone,  gross  weight 

Logwood,  extract  of,  gross  weight 

Lozenges : 

Medicinal,  gross  weight 

Non- medicinal,  gross  weight 

Lupuline,  including  packages 

Lint  and  plaster  for  wounds,  gross  weight 

Mace,  gross  weight 

Magnesia : 

Calcined,  gross  weight 

Carbonate,  gross  weight 

Citrate,  gross  weight 

Liquid,  gross  weight 

Sulphate,  gross  weight 

Other  preparations,  gross  weight 

Magnesium,  in  threads  or  sheets 

Manna,  gross  weight 

Manganese :  ' 

Bluck  oxide,  gross  weight 

Other  preparations,  including  packages 

Mannite,  gross  weight 

Mosses,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight. . 
Mercury : 

Calomel,  including  packages 

And  prepnr.it ions,  including  packages do 

Corrosive  sublimate,  including  packages j do 

Musk,  including  packages do 

Naphthaline,  cr>  stals,  including  packages ' do 

Is  iokol  and  nreparat ions  not  specified,  Including  packages do 

Xitro-benzol,  including  packings do 

Nutgalls,  entire  or  powdered,  gross  weight , do 

Same  as  No.  1917 I 

Nutmegs,  whole  or  powdered,  gross  weight ,  Kilogram  . . . 

Nux  vomica,  including  packages 1 do 

Oil,  of  almonds,  poppies,  cod  llvor,  hemp,  castor,  laurel,  marigold,  or  wal-  [ 

nut,  gross  weight do 


—  %- 


do 
do 


Oil,  animal,  and  preparations  including  cod  liver,  gross  weight 
Oiled  silk,  including  ])ackaji08 

Opium,  powder  or  gum,  including  packages do 

Opodeldoc,  gro.Hs  weight do 

"  jPagliano  "  (Italian  patent  medicine),  gross  weight j ...  do 

Palladium  and  preparations,  including  packages j do 

"  Panquimagogo  "  (Italian  cathartic),  gross  weight ! do 


$1  00 


4 
2 
5 


00 
00 
00 
50 
20 
10 
00 
00 
30 


1 
5 


25 
45 
45 
00 
00 
SO 
8  00 
10 
50 

06 
10 
50 
04 
12 
5  00 
50 
50 
50 
12 
10  00 
20 
30 


64 

50 
50 
00 
50 


30 
20 
70 
30 
04 
70 
60  00 
75 

10 
3  00 
2  25 
2  00 

1  25 
5  00 

90 

60  00 

60 

5  60 

2  00 
40 


1  50 
25 

50 

1  00 

1  50 

10  00 

I  ub 

1  50 

500  00 

50 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


473 


B. — Ariioles  which  pay  a  duty  of  2o  per  cent, — Continued. 
d,  DRUGS  AND  MEDICINES. 


2182  ! 

2183  I 
2092  I 
2194 
2195 

2064  i 
2177  I 
2198  ! 
2204  1 
1933 

2209 

2210 

2211 
2212 
2215 

2216 
2217 
2218 
2219 

2205 
2206 
2207 
2234 
2225 
2226 
2193 
2042 
2227 
2229 
1940 
2230 
2188 
1956 
2236 
2246 

2244 
2245 
2251 
2052 
2190 
2197 
2252 
2116 

2253 
2254 

2255 
225G 

2257 

2258 
225?) 
2260 

2068 
2069 
2070 

2071 
2072 
2231 
2263 

2075 
2076 


Paper: 

Filter,  CTO80  weight 

Fly  pobon,  cross  weight 

Other  mediciual,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Paste,  pectoral,  all  classes,  gross  weight 

Pepsine : 

Pare,  or  in  paste,  including  packages 

Amylaceous,  iucluding  packages 

Phosphorus,  all  kindn,  gross  weight 

Pills,  capsules,  granules,  drops,  of  all  medicines,  gross  weight. 

Pill-maker 

Plaster : 

Medicinal,  gross  weight 

Porous,  gross  weight 

Platinum  and  preparations  not  specified,  including  packages. 

Podophyllin,  inclading  packages 

Poppies,  gross  weight 

Potash : 


Acetate,  bitartrate,  caustic,  citrate,  chromate,  oxalate,  permanganate, 
prussiate,  sulphite,  snlpho-cxtrbonate,  tortrate,  gross  weight... 


....do 

...do 


Carbonate,  bicarbonate,  chlorate,  hyposalphite,  nitrate,  solid  silicate, 
sulphate,  and  super-oxalate,  gross  weight 

Liquid  silicate,  gross  weight 

Rocbelle  salts 

Other  preparations  not  specified,  including  i>ackages 

Potassium : 

Metallic,  including  packages 

Bromide,  cyanide,  grosf  weight 

Sulphite,  gross  weight 

Iodide,  gross  weight 

Powder : 

Red  or  white  precipitate,  including  packages 

Dover's,  including  packages 

Insect,  gT08»  weight 

Red  powder  for  jewelers,  including  packages 

Propylamine,  gross  weight 

Protein,  gross  weight. 

Pumico  Rtone,  gross  weight 

Quassia  cups,  gross  weight 

Qainia,  gro8s  weight    

liacahout  (a  preparation  of  cacao),  gross  weight 

Rings,  bone  or  ivory,  for  infants,  gross  weight 

Roots,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Rubber  nipples,  including  packages 

Safl'ron,  and  imitstions,  gross  weight 

Saeo,  grosH  weight 

Saucine,  including  packages 

Salt: 

Of  Eno,  Evans,  Hibbert,  Hockins,  Lamplough,  dtc,  gross  weight 

Vichy,  Carlsbad,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Seeds,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Setons,  veget«ble,  gross  weight 

Silver,  nitrate,  including  packages 

Same  preparations  not  specified,  gross  weight ... 

Sinapisms,  gro»s  weight 

Soap,  fur  mediciual  and  other  uses,  gross  weight 

Soda: 

Acetate,  phosphate,  and  solid  silicate,  gross  weight  

Arseniate,  bi^ulphute,  oxalate,  sulphite,  bisulphite,  tartrate,  bitar. 
trate.  including  packages 

Carbonate  and  sulphate 

Caustic   (for  soap),  bicarbonate,  hyposulphite,  nitrate,  and  liquid 
silicate 

Other  preparations  not  specified,  including  packages do 

Sodium :  I 

Metallic,  including  packages j do  . 

Bromide,  including  packages j do  . 

Bisulphide,  including  packages i do  . 

Spatulas :  ■; 

Steel,  flexible I  Dozen 


Kilogram 
— do  .... 
...do  .... 

...do.... 

...do.... 


do 


.do 
do 
do 
do 

.do 
do 
do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 
.do 

do 
.flo 
.do 
•do 

do 
.do 

.do 

.do 
do 

.do 


Of  woo<l  or  bone. 
Spirits,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight. 
Sponges : 

Ordinary,  gross  weight 

Fine,  gross  weight 

Stags'  horns  scrapings,  gross  weight 

Spoogiopiline,  gross  weight .' 

Strontium : 

Carbonate  or  nitrate,  gross  weight 

Other  preparations,  including  iMtckages  .. 


...do    ... 
Kilogram 


Valua- 
tion. 


do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
.do 


60  00 

15  00 

1  50 

4  00 

3  00 

80 

3  00 

300  00 

8  00 

50 


70 

15 

07 
50 
00 


20  00 

80 

20 

5  00 


1 
1 


2 
I 


50 
50 
50 
50 
10 
10 
10 
00 
00 
50 

4  00 
50 

3  CO 
12  00 

15 
10  00 

50 
25 
50 

5  00 
30  00 
60  00 

1  40 
20 

15 

1  00 
04 

07 

4  00 

5  00 
1  50 

90 

3  00 

1  50 

2  00 

4  00 

10  00 
20 

2  50 

25 

3  00 


474 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


B.-^Articles  wkkik  pay  a  duty  of  25 per  cent, — Continjied. 
d.  DRUGS  Ain>  MEDICINBS. 


Na 


2077 
1059 
1960 

1962 
1963 

2265 

2266 

2097  : 

2118 

2268 

2260 

2270  I 

2271 

2272 

1932 

2058 

2278 

2073 

2279 

2287 

2289 

1919 
2284 
2284 
2291 
2292 
2293 
2156 
22iM 

1920 
1921 
2296 

2307 
2308 
2309 
2310 


Artide,  dbo. 


Strontium— Ck>ntlniied. 

Chloride,  groM  weight 

Sagar  candy 

Same,  of  milk 

Solphar: 

whole,  in  stick* 

Flowers  of 

Suspensory  bandages: 

Cotton  or  linen 

Silk,  or  with  cotton  pieces '. ^ 

Springes,  tin,  bronze,  or  composition,  gross  weight ■ 

Sirups,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Talc,  Venetian,  powdered,  gross  weight 

Tamar  Indien,  gross  weignt 

Tamarinds,  gross  weight 

Tannire,  or  tannic  acids,  gross  weight .*. . 

Tapioca,  gross  weight 

Tar,  Gnyot's  liquid,  &o.,  gross  weight 

Teeth,  of  mineral,  with  or  withont  sum 

Thymol,  crystallized,  including  pacsages 

Tin,  preparations  not  specifle4ij  including  packages 

Tinctures,  medicinal,  gross  weight 

Tripoli,  gross  weight 

Tucia,  whole  or  prepared,  gross  weight 

Turpentine: 

Spirits,  gross  weight 

vAetian,  gross  weight 

Alsatian,  gross  weight 

Ungaents,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Uranium  and  preparations,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Vanilla,  gross  weight 

Varnish  for  gilding,  gross  weight 

Vasaline,  cosmoliue,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Waters: 

Medicinal,  distilled,  gross  weight '. 

Medicinal  or  artlficia]^  Vichy,  Seltz,  Sec,  gross  weight 

Wines,  medicinal,  not  specified,  gross  weignt 

Zinc: 

Acetate,  chloride,  nitrate,  phosphate,  including  packages,  gross  weight 

Carbonate  and  oxide,  gross  weight 

Sulphate,  gross  weight 

Other  preparations,  not  specified,  gross  weight 


Unit. 


Slilogram 
...do.... 


.do 
do 


Dozen  ... 
...  do.... 
Kilogram 

....do 

...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 


...do  .... 

...do.... 

...do... 

Hundred 

Kilogram 

— do 

...do... 

...do.... 

...do.... 


.do 
.do 
.do 
do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

do 

do 

.do 

.do 
do 
do 
do 


Vain- 
ation. 


$0  40 
30 
60 

06 
07 

1  50 

6  00 
70 
50 
08 

1  00 
12 

1  25 

15 

25 

12  00 

10  00 

1  50 

2  00 
10 
25 

15 

25 

15 

1  50 

12  00 

15  00 

50 

60 

30 
10 
50 

1  50 
40 
12 

5  00 


C. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty  of  15  per  cent, 
a.  6ENEBAL  MERCHANDISE. 


Bags  for  packing : 

1192  Hemp  or  jute,  gross  weight 

1193  Cotton,  gross  weight 

11 94  All  otlier  kinds  coarse  cloth 

197     Bamboo  cane,  Guayaquil,  split  or  whole 

378     Barrel  or  pipe  st4iv'es,  new  or  old,  finished,  up  to  150  centimeters  long,not 

over  32  millimeters  thick 

651  Boot  and  shoe  lasts 

652  Same,  with  screw 

Bottles : 

133  Karthenware,  for  liquors,  &c.,  gross  weight 

302  Class,  for  liquors,  &.c.,  ordinary,  gross  weight 

730     Bricks,  fire-burned,  for  founderies 

Brushes: 

153  For  tar,  with  handles 

154  :        All  other  classes,  to  paint,  varnish,  or  whiten,  gross  weight 

768     Canvas  of  cotton  or  linen  for  ships'  sails.  No.  1  to  No.  7,  gross  weight  — 

246     Cement,  Bonian  or  Portland,  gross  weight 

533     Cloth  of  cotton,  raw,  plain,  coarse,  and  strong,  for  bags,  of  not  more  than 

15  threads,  warp  and  woof,  gross  weight 

276  Coral,  plain  or  worked,  to  be  appraised. 

277  Corks  lor  bottles,  gross  weight 

706     Emery  pai>er,  gross  weight 

330     Epaulets  with  gold  or  silver  thread 

1078  I  Fish-nets,  gross  weight  . .     

705  I  Garters,  cotton  elastic,  for  ladies 

I  Gold: 
760       •  Books  of  gold  or  silver  leaf  up  to  25  leaves  of  65  centimeters  square. . 

888  Plate  for  table  service ". 

064  I       Ornaments  of  gold  or  silver,  with  or  without  cotton,  linen,  or  silk 

Sieces,  &o.,  including  packings 
dsof  wood 

S31 J  .Hemp  orjuteosnaburgs  for  boys,  gross  weight 


Kilogram ... 

...do 

...do ' 

Hundred  ...' 


...do  

Dozen 

One 

Kilogram . . . 

...  dS 

Hundred  ... 

Dozen 

KUogram . . . 

— do 

...do 


.do 


...do.... 
...do.... 

Pair 

Kilogram 
Dozen  ... 


Gross 
Gram 


$0  40 
55 
16 

45  00 

8  00 

9  00 
1  00 


03 
05 
00 

00 
00 
60 
02 

50 


4 


Kilogram . . . 
One 

Kilogram . . . 


60 
20 
40  00 
50 
50 

3G  00 
80 

50  00 

1  50 

35 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


475 


C. — Artiolea  tvhichpay  a  duty  of  15  per  cent, — Continued. 
a,  GENERAL  MBBCflANDISE. 


No. 


1079 

747 
1006 
1047 

814 

74 
093 

995 

906 

308 

61 

818 


1696 
1446 

1755 
1734 

1726 
1746 
1484 
1676 
1700 


1697 
1608 

1">07 

I'^rj 

141*1 
1T19 
1K07 

ir»(jO 
iGo:i 

1566 
15:^8 

1727 

1702 
1712 
1714 
1704 
1828 
1C90 
1539 

1711 
1728 
1472 
1742 
174;< 
1731 

1568 
1570 
1730 
1756 
1717 
1G05 
1747 

1757 
1759 
1774 

1729 
1627 
1439 

1620 

1705 
1744 


Article,  Slo. 


Oara  for  boate 
Pencils : 

For  carpenters  (wood) 


For  drawing,  Sec,  to  be  appraised, 
jtinff,  gross  weikl 
kleA>looks,  of  ^ 
weight 


Powder  for  blasting,  gross  weight 

Pulleys  and  tackleA>looks,  of  wood,  with  or  wlthoat  pieces  of  iron,  gross 


Sackcloths,  of  hemp,  coarse,  gross  weight 

Sharpeners  for  tools,  common  stone,  gross  weight. . .. 
Stones : 

For  whetting  tools,  small,  all  sorts,  gross  weight. 

For  mills,  &.c.  .. 


Tubes,  of  glass,  for  machinery,  gross  weight 

Vialp,  of  glass,  small,  wither  wlthoat  other  pieces 

Wood,  common,  for  building,  nnplaned,  in  pkmks,  boards,  &o.,  on  the 
base  of  25  millimeters  thick 


b.  HARDWARE,  METALS,  ETC. 


Adzes,  for  carpenters  and  coopers,  gross  weight. 
Alembics,  to  be  appraised. 

AnvilA,  smiths',  gi-oss  weight 

Augurs,  Sco.,  for^'birbiqmes,"  gross  weight  .... 

Awls: 


With  or  without  handles,  gross  weight. 

jight 


Same,  large  size,  gross  weight 

Balances,  chemists'  and  assayers',  gross  weight 

Bellows,  forge,  over  one  cenumeter  wide,  gross  weight 

"Birbiquies  '  (bitt-stocks  ?)  of  all  classes,  with  or  without  bitts,  gross 

weight 

BitU: 

Over  35  centimeters  long,  gross  weight  

Same,  less  than  35  centimeters  long,  gross  weight 

Boat-hooks,  iron,  plain,  or  galvanized,  gross  weight 

Bridget,  gross  weight 

Buckets,  iron,  for  mines,  gross  weight 

Calkers'  irons,  gross  weight -• 

Capstan  and  windlass,  gross  weight ,. 

Capsules,  metal,  for  bottlo  tops,  gross  weight 

Cars  and  coaches  for  railroads,  to  be  appraised. 

Carts  and  wagons,  to  be  appraised. 

Chains,  iron,  links  not  over  13  millimeters  diameter,  for  launcnes,  carts, 

&c  ,  gross  weight 

Chalk  cords  fbr  carpenters,  gross  weight 

Chisels : 

Iron  or  steel,  gross  weight 

With  or  without  bandies,  gross  weight 

Or  grooves  for  wood,  with  or  without  handles,  gross  weight 

Compasses,  iron,  with  or  without  brass  pieces,  gross  weight 

Cranes  for  weights,  gross  weight 

Crowbars,  of  iron,  gross  weight 

Chains,  same  as  15^,  for  balances,  horses,  dogs,  fire-engines,  &c.,  gross 

weight 

Diamonds,  for  glass-cutting 

Files,  gross  weight 

Fish-hooks,  gross  weight 

Flatrirons,  fur  laundering,  ^ross  weight 

Goose,  for  tailors,  gross  weight 

Hammer,  iron,  with  or  without  handle,  gross  weight •  

Hand-carts : 

Two  wheels,  without  box 

Two  wheels,  for  baggaga 

Handles,  of  w<kmI.  fof  tools,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Hardware,  other  articles,  not  specitied,  gross  weight 

Hatchets  or  axes,  with  or  without  bandies,  gross  weight 

Hoes,  iron,  gross  weight 

Same,  with  or  without  handles,  gross  weight 

Iron: 

In  bars,  square  or  roun«1,  gross  weight 

Plain  or  fcn-ii gated,  but  without  painting  or  galvanism,  gross  weight . 
Jewelry,  fine,  or  other  articles  of  gold  and  silver,  not  specified,  with  or 

'  without  pearls,  precious  stones,  &c.,  including  packings 

Keys,  iron,  for  boats,  gross  weight 

Knee-irons,  for  boats,  gross  weight 

Knife  sharpeners,  with  handles  of  wood,  bone,  iron,  or  horn 

Knives : 

For  butchers,  wooden  handle,  blade  not  over  15  centimeters  long,  gross 
weight 

For  carpenters  or  coopers,  gross  weight 

For  pruning,  gross  weight 


Unit 


One 

Gross 

Kilogram .. 


.do 

.do 

do 


...do.... 

Pair 

Kilogram 
Dozen  


Sq.  meters 


Kilogram 


do 
.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 

do 

do 


Vain- 
ation. 


do 
do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
.do 
do 


.-  do.... 

One 

Kilogram 

...do 

do 

...do 

...do 


One  

.  ...do.... 
Kilogram 
...do.... 
...do...- 
..  do.... 
...do.... 


do 
do 


...do. 
...do  . 
..  do  . 
Dozen 


Kilogram 
..do.... 
...do.... 


91  00 

2  00 

18 

25 
30 
12 

04 

150  00 

70 

2  00 

35 


85 

10 

1  20 

2  00 
35 

15  00 
30 

1  20 

60 
90 
12 
20 
20 
35 
20 
80 


10 

1  20 

35 

75. 

75 

70 

20 

06 

20 
3  00 
30 
00 
04 
20 
20 

3  50 

10  00 

20 

35 

30 
18 
20 

05 
07 

500  00 
50 
25 

2  50 


50 
60 
60 


476 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


C. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty  of  15  per  cent, — Continned. 
b  HABDWARB,  KET ALS.  ETC. 


No. 


1660 
1752 
1890 
1737 
1797 
1829 
1732 
177U 
liilO 
1459 

1442 
1443 
1444 

171M 
1739 
1693 
1740 
1751 

1553 
1554 
1555 
1556 
1557 
1724 

1701 
1721 
1694 
1745 
1615 
1515 
1516 
1748 
1862 
1633 

1722 
1723 
1749 
1750 

1754 
1710 
1753 

1795 
1796 
1876 

1877 
1738 
1718 
1C85 
1703 
1809 
1818 
1709 

1735 
1738 

1506 
1741 
1850 

isr.i 

1862 
18.>3 
18r4 
1855 
18.>6 

1864 
1805 

1567 
1569 


Article,  Sec. 


.do 
.do 
.do 


Laotems  of  t»lc 

Lathe,  iron,  for  hand  use,  gross  weight 

Lathes  (?)  for  carpenters'  use,  &c.,  grot*  weight 

Levels,  gross  weipht 

Machines  for  agricnltare,  mining,  and  the  arts,  gross  weight 

Machinery,  pieces  of,  gross  weignt 

Mallets  of  wood,  gross  weight 

Manometers  Ihr  steam-engines  -■ 

Motors  of  all  kiud»,  gross  weight 

Molds,  of  metal,  for  foonderies,  to  he  appraised. 
Needles : 

For  sewing  machines,  gross  weight 

For  sailcloth,  gross  weight 

For  packing,  gross  weight 

Photographic  machines,  set  up  or  in  pieces One 

Pickaxes,  with  or  ^vlthont  handles,  gross  weight '■  Kilogram 

Pincers,  gross  weight ! do 

Pincers  of  iron  for  carpenters  or  shoemakers,  gross  weight do 

Pincers,  smiths',  gross  weight do 

Pipes :  I 

For  stoves,  of  sheet  iron,  gross  weight j do  ... . 

For  stoves,  of  wrought  iron,  plain  or  galvanized,  gross  weight ! do 

For  stoves,  of  cast  iron, gross  weight do 

For  steam-boilers,  brass,  gross  weight do 

Of  leail  or  com  position^  gross  weignt j do 

Pitchforks,  gross  weight ! do 

PlancM : 

All  classes,  gross  weight ." 

Steel  blades  for,  gross  weight 

Plows,  made  up  or  in  pieces,  gross  weight 

Plow  points,  cast  or  wrought  iron,  gross  weight ; do 

Pulleys  and  blocks,  of  iron,  gross  weight do 

Pumps  (st^'am).  for  removing  water  from  mines,  gross  weight ' do 

^me,  handles  of  leather  or  gutta-percha,  gross  weight I do 

Punch,  iron  or  steel,  for  shoemakers,  gross  weight do 

Rails,  iron  or  steel,  for  railroads,  gross  weight .' do 

Rowlocks,  ii-on,  plain  or  galvanised,  gross  weight j do 

Saws : 

Small,  steel  blailes  for,  gross  weifeht 

Larfre,  strel  blades  for,  up  to  3  centimeters  wide,  gross  weight 

Handsaws  of  all  kinds,  gross  weight 

Large  saws,  all  forms,  with  or  without  fixtures,  over  3  centimeters 

wide,  gross  weight 

Saw  sharpeners,  iron,  gross  weight 

Screw-drivers  for  can)euters,  gross  weight 

Screws,  lai'ge,  iron  or  wooden,  for  carpenter's  bench,  gross  weight 

Sewing  machines: 

With  or  without  duplicate  pieces,  gross  weight 

Cases  of  iron,  wood,  or  both,  &c.,  gross  weight 

Shears,  of  iron,  for  lur  cutting,  gross  weight 

Shears  with  screw,  for  tailors,  gross  weight 

Shovels,  iron,  with  or  without  handles,  gross  weight 

Sickles  and  scythes,  with  or  without  handles,  gross  weight 

Sieves  of  iron  wire  lor  metals,  coarse 

Sledges  of  iron,  for  blacksmiths,  gross  weight 

Solder,  for  tinsmiths,  gross  weight 

Springs,  iron,  gross  weight  

Squares : 

Movable,  for  carpenters,  gross  weight 

Of  cloth,  for  carpenters,  over  2  meters  long,  f^ss  weight 

Of  wood,  iblding,  for  carpenters,  with  or  without  pieces  of  brass, 

gross  weight 

Troughs  of  iron,  gross  weight 

Trowels  for  gardeners  or  bricklayers,  gross  weight ! do 

"Watches: 

Gold,  thin,  one  or  two  cases 

Gold,  medium,  one  or  two  cases 

Gold,  thick,  one  or  two  cases 

Silver 

Copper,  gilded  or  plated i do 

Other  common  metal,  nickeled do 

Gold  or  silver,  with  precious  stones,  to  be  appraised 

"Wheels,  wrought  iron : 

For  cars  and  carts,  gross  weight j  Kilogram 

For  hand-cars,  gross  weight do 

Wheelbarrow,  one  wheel : 

All  iron 


.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 

do 
do 


20 

1  50 

1  00 

40  00 

20 
1  00 

35 

15 

15 
13 
07 
60 
12 
30 

50 
50 
12 
12 
12 
20 
20 
65 
60 
20 

1  00 

1  50 

90 

45 
60 
75 
10 

60 
25 
50 
1  00 
20 
35 
30 
15 
20 
20 


25 
50 

00 
20 
50 


30  00 
60  00 
80  00 
10  00 
3  CO 
3  00 


One.. 
Of  wood ; — do 


16 
20 

00 

00 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEEAL  COUNTRIES. 


477 


C. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty,  of  15  per  cent, — Continued, 
b.  HAKDWARE,  J2CBTALS,  ETC. 


No. 


1449 
1451 
1117.3 
1897 


Articles. 


Wire: 


Iron^  up  to  No.  7,  inclasiye,  eroes  weight . 

Samewfi^vanixed,  gross  weight 

Cnttero,  gross  weight 


Zinc,  in  leaves,  or  sheets,  gross  weight. 


Unit 


£ilogram 
...do.... 
...do.... 
...do.... 


Yalaa- 
tion. 


$0  06 
08 
20 
12 


D. — Articles  which  pay  a  duty  of  4  per  cent. 


£. — Specific  duty. 


Beer: 

Bottles . 
Barrels. 


Cigars 

Coffee,  all  classes 

Gin: 

Bottles 

Barrels 

Liqueurs,  bottles 

Liquors : 

Strong,  common  bottles 

Same,  barrels ->. . 

Bum: 

Bottles 

Barrels 

Snuff 

Tea 

Wine: 

White 

Claret,  bottles 

Claret,  barrels 

Spirits  of 

Yerbamate 


Dozen 

Liter 

Kilogram 


Dozen 
Liter  . 
Dozen 


do 

Liter 


Dozen  ... 

Liter 

Kilogram 
...do.... 


Liter  .... 
Dozen  ... 
Liter  .... 
...do.... 
Kilogram 


$1  25 

12 

3  00 

16 

3  00 
82 

4  50 

4  00 

42 

4  00 
42 

3  00 
75 

82 
2  25 
25 
60 
06 


F,—ArticUs  free  of  duty. 


1464 
1683 

68 
381 


78 
1780 

227 
1532 
1519 

763 

1826 

1520 

1533 

1537 

209 

1809 

1600 

1585 

1507 

199 

846 

820 

48 

40 

980 

1678 


Anchors,  iron,  for  yessels,  gross  weight 

Anchors  or  chain  shackles,  gross  weight 

Animals,  living,  to  be  appraised. 

Articles  for  divine  worship ;  for  diplomatio  agents  to  Chili ;  for  Chilian 
ministers;  for  the  State:  for  city  governments  and  charitable  in- 
stitutions, to  be  appraised. 

Abestos,  whole  or  in  powder,  gross  weight .' 

Ballast^ •ec  "Lastre" 

Barley,  common,  gross  weight 

Belay ing  pins,  of  wood,  gross  weight 

Boats  and  skiffs,  finished  or  incomplete 

Books,  printed ;  all  kinds  not  incladed  in  the  tariff  of  35  x>or  cent.,  gross 
weight 


Brads,  copper,  brass,  composition,  Sec.,  gross  weight 

Baoys,  iron, with  chain,  &.C.,  gross  weight 

Cables,  of  iron  wire,  gross  weight 

Chains,  iron,  links  over  13  millimeters  diameter,  gross  weight 

Charts  and  plans,  geographical  or  topographical 

Coins,  to  be  appraised. 

Compass  for  binnacle,  to  be  appraised. 

Copper  or  composition  nails  for  ships,  gross  weight    

Copper,  in  leaves  and  sheets,  for  ships,  gross  weight 

C<Mkr---ton  =  10  metric  Quintals 

Cordage,  raw  material  for  maldng;  cocoanut  fiber,  coarse  sacking,  4m)., 

to  be  appraised. 

Com,  gross  weight 

Cotton: 

With  the  seed,  gross  weight , 

Without  the  seed,  gross^weight 

Seeds,  gross  weight 

Cross-bars  for  anchors,  gross  weight 


Kilogram . . . 


.do 


..do 
...do 
One.. 


10  13 
12 


06 


03 

20 

100  00 


Kilogram. 

!!  do!!!!! 

...do 

...do 

...do 


1 
1 


— do 
...do 
Ton.. 


Kilogram 


.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


00 
00 
20 
35 
OS 
00 


50 

50 

8  00 


03 

18 
33 
10 
10 


478 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


F. — Articles  free  ofdutjf — Continued. 


No. 


288 
275 

875 
876 
655 
13U 
1505 
817 
309 


Article,  Ac 


1646 
1035 
1474 
1617 
1059 
499 


522 

317 

1777 

60H 

887 
800 
619 
978 
1478 
1643 
196 
716 

1839 
1840 
1317 
1771 

1788 
1361 
1780 

447 

896 

1793 

473 
857 
859 

1806 

462 

86 

1767 

932 
943 

952 

748 

1080 

145 

468 

191 

626 

1769 

1067 

1666 

88 

1327 

730 

229 

1340 

1198 

877 

1030 

1832 

897 

879 

1437 


Cmoiblew,  of  platinam  or  alnmininm 

Cupels,  for  aMayen 

Designs: 

For  writing,  gross  weight 

For  teaching  drawine,  gross  weight 

Dyes  and  matemla  for  cloth  making,  to  be  appraised. 

Earth  for  blasting  furnaces,  gross  weight 

Earth-borers,  iron  or  steel,  for  miners 

Ebony  wood  in  the  rough,  per  cubic  decimeter 

Equipages  (baggage),  mcluding  only  the  clothing,  shoes.  Jewels,  and 
printea  Dool^s,  all  for  owner's  use  and  in  a  quantity  adapted  to  his 
circumstances  and  position,  but  does  not  Include  table  service, 
even  if  it  has  been  used,  nor  whole  pieces  of  any  cloth  goods,  to 
be  appraised. 

"Escotines,^  chain,  ^i^ross  weight 

Exotic  plants  or  their  seeds,  to  be  appraised. 

Firo  extinguishine:  apparatus,  to  be  appraised. 

Fire  engines  and  fixtures,  to  be  appraised. 

Fisheries  in  national  vessels,  products  of,  to  be  appraised. 

Fragments  of  wrecked  ships,  not  including  provisions  on  board  at  the 
time  of  the  disaster,  which  shall  be  obliged  to  pay  the  corrO' 
spending  duty  for  all  over  $500,  to  be  appraised. 

Fruits,  fresh,  not  specified,  gross  weight 

Furs  (of  cattle)  dry  or  salted 

Gas  lamps,  glass  or  metal,  one  or  more  lights,  gross  weight 

Geographical  and  celestial  globes,  gross  weight 

Gold: 

In  powder  or  paste 

In  useless  pieces 

Guano,  gross  weight 

Hair,  animals,  gross  weight 

Harpoon,  to  be  appraised. 

Hawsers,  iron  for  ships,  ^oss  weight / 

Hemp,  in  bulk,  gross  weight 

Hemp  cordage,  white  or  tarred,  past  use,  gross  weight 

Hydraulic  presses : 

For  oilv  seeds,  j^ross  weight 

For  lithographing  and  stereotyping,  gross  weight 

Ink.  prepared  for  printing  or  lithographing,  gross  weight 

Instruments,  surgical,  physical,  matnematical,  and  scientific,  to  be  ap- 
praised. 

Iron,  unworked,  in  bar  or  ingots,  gross  weight 

Jute  in  bulk,  gross  weight 

Lastre  (ballast),  patented,  with  pumps  and  furniture  for  ships,  gross 
weight 

Levers,  wooden 

Logwood,  for  dye,  whole  or  split,  gross  weight 

Machines  for  carbonated  hydrogen,  for  illuminating  purposes,  gross 
weight 

Manila  fiber 

Minerals  in  the  unworked  state,  to  be  appraised. 

Models  and  designs  for  machinery,  gross  weight , 

Molds  for  casting  printers'  spacea  and  forms,  gross  weight 

Oakum  to  calk  vessels,  gross  weight 

Oats,  gross  weight , 

Ovens  and  other  instruments  for  assayers,  to  be  appraised. 

Paper: 

Or  card-board  for  side  linings  of  vessels,  gross  weight 

Of  cotton,  special,  unglned  or  half  clued  for  printing  (must  be  neither 

better  nor  worse  than  sample  No.  6),  gross  weight 

In  ribbon  rolls  for  telegraph  operators,  gross  weight 

PencUs,  slate 

Pine  resin  for  soap  or  ships,  gross  weight 

Pitch  prepared  for  vessels,  gross  weight. 

Plush  of  tarred  wool  for  shipbuilders,  gross  weight 

Potatoes,  sweetj^  gross  weight  

Powder  trains  tor  minini?,  gross  weight 

Printing  presses  and  their  furniture,  gross  weight 

Provisions  for  vessels,  to  be  appraised. 

Pump  clamps,  boom-i^ns  and  partners,  iron  or  wood^  gross  weight 

Quicksilver,  gross  weight 

Rags,  old,  for  paper  making,  to  be  appraised. 

Reeds  for  mat  making,  gross  woight 

Rye,  gross  weight 

Sails,  nsoless,  of  vessels,  gross  weight 

Saltpeter,  common  unrefined,  gross  weight 

Samples  of  merchandise,  where  duty  is  not  over  fl,  to  be  appraised. 

School  slates  for  children,  framed  or  not 

Silver  in  paste  or  old  plate,  gross  weight z 

Spars  for  ship's  yards  and  masts , 

Staves  for  barrels,  unfinished,  up  to  150  centimeters  long,  not  over  32 
centimeters  thick 

Steel  unworked,  in  bar  or  plate,  gross  weight 


Unit 


Kilogram 
Hundred. 

Kilogram 


...do... 
..do... 
Decimeter 


Kilogram 


...do  .... 

One 

Kilogram 


Grams ... 

...do 

Kilogram 
— do 


do 

.do 

do 

.do 

.do 

do 


.do 
.do 


...do  ... 
Dozen  ... 
Kilogram 


-do 
.do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 


do 


...do 

...do 

Thousand 
Kilogram . 

'.ildo!!!!! 

...do 

...do 

...do 


ValoA- 
Uon. 


fO  15 
3  00 


.do 
do 

.do 
do 
do 
do 


Dozen 

•Kilogram 
Meter  ... 


1 
1 


00 
50 

02 
20 
03 


08 


Hundred 
Kilogram 


05 

400 

85 

50 

65 
44 

03 
600 

06 
10 
06 

20 
20 

25 


03 
09 

20 
00 
05 

20 
15 

50 
20 
18 
06 


10 

25 
25 
75 
06 
03 
28 
03 
28 
20 

06 
1  00 

15 
03 
10 
04 

1  00 

40  00 

04 

6  00 
13 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


479 


F. — Articles  free  of  duty — Continued. 


No. 


59 
1684 

1654 
1781 
1512 
1882 
1332 
631 

739 
740 
741 
750 
1801 
189C 


Artiole,  &o. 


Tar,  common,  ffroas  weight 

Thimbles  and  ineet  gnaras  for  ships,  gi'oss  weight 

Tin: 

In  bar  or  plate,  gross  weight 

In  sheets,  gross  weight 

Trumi)et8  for  ships,  gross  weights 

Types  of  antimony,  tin,  lead,  or  zinc  for  printera,  gross  weight. 

wheat,  gross  weight 

^V^leat  flour,  gross  weight 

Wool  of  sheep: 

Soiled,  gross  weight 

Washed,  gross  weight 

Of  vicnfia,  gross  weight... 

Wood  for  burning,  gross  weight 

YgUow  metal,  in  leaves  or  sheets,  for  ships,  gross  weight 

Zinc  in  bar,  gross  weight 


Unit. 


Kilogram 
do  — 


.do 
.do 
do 
do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
do 

.do 
do 

.do 

.do 


Vain*, 
tioui. 


$0  05 
15 


50 
14 
00 
20 
05 
07 

16 
32 
66 
01 
46 
10 


G. — Articles  prohibited, 

1.  Provisions  in  a  state  of  decomposition  and  other  articles  injurions  to  health. 

2.  Obscene  paintines,  statues,  and  other  objects  tending  to  pervert  morals  and  good  manners. 

3.  Ferocious  animaus,  reptiles,  and  poisonous  insects,  at  the  option  of  the  local  governor. 

4.  Powder,  except  mining,  sportsmen's,  and  for  the  army,  which  can  only  be  mtroduced  at  Valpa- 
raiso, and  with  especial  permission  of  the  intcnden^,  except  when  the  supreme  Government  disposes 
the  contrary. 

By  law  of  Jannary  8, 1880,  "  It  is  prohibited  to  introduce  into  the  territory  of  the  republic,  money  of 
5,  l6.  and  20  cents,  which  bear  the  national  stamp  and  are  less  than  000  line.'' 

By  supreme  decree  of  May  18,  1877,  the  introduction  of  vine  slips  and  cuttings  from  Europe  and  the 
United  States  is  proliibitod,'in  consequence  of  the  presence  in  those  oonntries  of  the  Phylloxera  vattot' 
trix. 

Importations  of  Chili,  6y  countries. 

[Inclosure  No.  3.] 


Countries. 


Argentine  Bepublic 

Au.'itralia 

Beli:ium 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Cbiiia 

Columbia... 

Costa  liica 

Ecu.idor 

Franc*' , 

Gemiauy 

Great  Britain. 

Guatemala 

India 

Italy 

Mexico 

Parag:iay 

Peru   ..' , 

Polynesia 

Portugal 

SanS^vador 

Spain 

Tfnited  States 

Uruguay 

Fisheries ^ 


Total. 


1878. 


$2, 623, 090 


624, 733 

673, 726 

490, 348 

48,760 


5. 
2, 
7. 


1, 

1, 
1. 


42,142 

100.  IM 

122, 485 

933,  351 

948,  365 

2,393 

118,337 

2^3,  396 

2, 335 

64,965 

8.50, 825 

21.066 

23,410 

12,  593 

573, 495 

491.537 

18,480 

102,484 


26, 042, 466 


1879. 


$1, 607,  827 

2,888 

612, 896 

12,764 

416.  730 

42, 176 


48, 113 

108,117 

3,  OCT.  629 

2,  826, 264 

8,  854, 763 

42,  258 

1C3,  856 

234, 122 


42.  515 

2, 102, 618 

17,  343 

22, 120 

414 

162,835 

1, 414.  464 

56,069 

35,777 


1880. 


$1, 465,  063 


484,497 


421,  657 
77,  729 


46,592 

218,  805 

4, 399,  (^ 

4. 785,  642 

13, 398, 324 

41,738 

87,856 

295,  594 


22, 704,558 


143. 695 

1,  313, 726 

53,719 

16.  951 

6,580 

603,028 

1, 667, 078 

54,099 

84,536 


29,716,004 


1881. 


$2, 032, 517 


804,483 

73 

530,900 

126, 716 

1,400 

46, 312 

177,965 

5,  588, 916 

7, 385,  870 

17,  589, 267 

29,861 

105, 600 

444,008 


16.  520 

2, 905, 049 

43,878 

25.441 

8,713 

268, 116 

1, 748, 818 

136, 875 

47, 516 


89,564,814 


1882. 


$1,180,078 
"'254*i68 


905,982 

119,837 

9.319 

50,510 

225,195 

f ,  911, 479 

7, 610, 656 

17, 076, 301 

40,755 

148,564 

527,006 


3,417 

2, 263, 067 

51,661 

21, 808 

6,656 

291, 815 

2,023,704 

481,624 

520,961 


40,724,868 


480  TARIFliS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


PERU. 
MILITAET  TA&nr  IMPOSED  BT  CHILI. 

Minister  Christiancy,  writing  under  date  of  May  29, 1881,  submits 
the  following  to  the  Department : 

The  Chilian  military  authpritios  haviDg  established  a  tariff  of  cnstoms  duties  on 
imports  and  exports,  which  I  presume  wul  be  adhered  to  whUe  their  military  occu- 
pation of  the  Peruvian  littoral  shall  be  continued,  and  as. that  occupation  may  last 
for  a  long  time,  I  have  thought  it  might  be  well  that  our  merchants  and  shipowners 
should  have  information  upou  the  subject,  inasmuch  as  it  might  affect  their  action,  in 
any  question  bearing  upon  commercial  adventures  to  Peru.  For  these  reasons  I  here 
•inclose  a  decree  of  Admiral  Patricio  Lynch,  commander-in-chief  of  the  Chilian  forces 
here,  dated  the  24tb  instant,  but  not  published  until  the  27th  instant,  when  it  ap- 
peared in  the  "Orden"  and  the  **Actualidad,"  of  Lima,  and  in  **Ei  Dia,"  of  Callao. 

Pafricio  Lynch^  Rear-Admiral  and  General-in-Chief  of  the  Army  of  Chili : 

Whereas  I  have  on  this  date  decreed  the  following : 

Considering  that  it  is  just  that  the  Government  of  Chili  should  obtain  irom  the  t-er- 
ritory  occupied  by  their  military  forces  all  the  benefit  compatible  with  the  interest 
of  its  conmierce  and  industry— 

I  decide : 

DUTIES  UPON  IMPORTS. 

Article  1.  The  merchandise  imported  into  the  port  of  Callao  shall  pay  a  duty  of  25 
per  cent,  upon  its  value,  with  the  exception  of  the  following,  which  shall  pay  : 

Art.  2.  A  duty  of  15  per  ceut.  upon — 

Tar  and  pitch  for  use  of  ships.  « 

Animals  alive  or  killed  and  dressed.  * 

Quicksilver  in  jars. 

Charcoal  and  mineral  coaL 

Oakum  for  caulking. 

Woolen  felt  (barred)  for  use  of  shipping. 

Pig-iron  in  bars,  un wrought,  square,  round,  or  in  plates. 

Iron  axlefi  or  champs  (or  hoops). 

Fresh  prints. 

Printing  presses  and  utensils. 

Machinery  for  agriculture  and  mining. 

Flower  seeds  and  garden  seeds. 

Printing  ink. 

Art.  3.  A  duty  of  10  per  cent,  on — 

Sub.  1.  Chilian  products,  and  those  kinds  of  merchandise  tree  or  nationalized  in 
Chili. 

Sub.  2.  Peruvian  products  coming  from  ports  occupied  by  Chilian  arms. 

Art.  4.  A  specific  duty. 

Sub.  1.  Brandies,  bottles  of  the  common  size,  4  pesos  per  dozen. 

Brandies,  42  cents  per  liter. 

Coffee,  15  cents  per  kilogram. 

Beer,  1  peso  and  25  cents  per  dozen  bottles. 

Be«r,  12  cents  per  liter. 

Cigars,  3  pesos  per  kilogram. 

Alcohol  (pure),  50  cents  per  liter. 

Gin,  3  pesos  per  dozen  bottles. 

Gin,  32  centavos  per  liter. 

Sweetened  liquors,  4  pesos  and  50  cents  per  dozen  bottles. 

Sweetened  liquors,  48  cents  per  liter. 

Lard,  5  cents  per  kilogram. 

Suuff,  3  pesos  per  kilogram. 

Burning  rum  (or  burning  alcohol),  4  pesos  per  dozen  bottles. 

Burning  rum  (or  burning  alcohol),  42  cents  per  liter. 

Havana  tobacco,  2  penos  per  kilogram. 

Any  other  tobacco,  1  peso  per  kilogram. 

Tea,  75  cents  per  kilogram. 

White  wine,  32  cents  per  liter. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         481 

White  wine,  3  pesos  per  dozen  bottles. 

Reil  wiue,  $2.25  per  dozen  bottles. 

Red  wine,  25  cents  per  liter. 

Paraguay  tea,  6  cents  per  kilogram. 

Snb.  2.  Products  of  Chili  and  those  naturalized  in  Chili,  subject  to  specific  duties, 
shall  pay  25  per  cent,  of  those  established  in  last  above. 

Sub.  1-  Peruvian  products  coming  from  ports  occupied  by  the  Chilian  arms  shall 
pay  the  same  duties  as  Chilian  products  subject  to  a  specific  duty. 

Art.  5.  The  valuation  shall  be  according  to  the  Peruvian  tariff  of  1P80. 

Art.  6.  The  collector  of  customs  will  prescribe  the  special  niles  and  modes  of  pro- 
ceeding to  which  the  documents  shall  be  submitted,  which  shall  be  presented  for  dis- 
patch. 

Art.  7.  All  other  duties  upon  importation  in  force  at  the  time  of  occupation  shall  be 
collected  in  the  form  which  the  chief  collector  of  customs  sball  determine. 

Art.  8.  All  merchandise  which  shall  be  diHembarked  should  be  immediately  dis- 
patched for  consumption.  If  from  exceptiomil  circumstances,  properly  certitied  by  the 
chief  collector  of  customs,  it  shall  not  be  possible  to  dispatch  from  the  jwrt  the  mer- 
chaudise  disembarked,  these  may  be  deposited  in  the  stores  of  the  custom-house  for 
fift4*en  days.  The  compensation  for  storage  sball  be  equivalent  to  2  per  cent,  of  the 
value  of  the  merchandise.  If  at  the  expiration  of  fifteen  days  the  merchandise  shall 
not  have  been  dispatebed,  the  collector  of  customs  shall  proc(*ed  to  sell  them  at  auction 
to  the  highest  bidder,^  and  after  deducting  the  costs  «>f  the  sale  and  the  duties  due,  the 
residue  shall  remain  in  deposit  to  the  credit  of  the  party  entitled  thereto. 

export  duties. 

Art.  9.  Every  product  or  manu&cture  which  shall  be  exported  by  ntotmls  shall  be 
free  of  duty  (except) — 

Art.  10.  There  shall  be  excepted  from  the  last  above  article  (9)  the  following,  which 
shall  pay : 

Cotton,  each  100  kilograms,  $1.25. 

Grained  sugar  and  muscovado,  each  100  kilograms,  $1.25. 

Sugar,  concrete  or  presoed  in  cakes,  each  100  kilograms,  80  cents. 

fliuds  of  horned  cattle,  each  30  cents. 

Alpaca  wool,  for  each  100  kilograms,  $5. 

Common  wool,  fbr  each  100  kilograms,  $2.25. 

Bar  silver  and  old  silverware,  per  kilogram,  $1.40. 

payment  of  duties. 

Art.  11.  The  duties  may  be  paid,  at  the  option  of  the  payer,  (1)  In  the  silver  peso  of 
any  nationality,  provided  always  that,  by  weight  and  standard,  they  shall  not  be  wortii 
less  than  those  of  Chili;  (2)  in  gold  coin,  computing  the  peso  at  38  pence  each;  (3)  in  the 
fiscal  bills  of  Chili  at  such  rates  of  discount  as  shall  be  fixed  by  this  headquarters 
within  the  first  two  weeks  of  each  month. 

Art.  12.  This  decree  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  the  8th  of  June,  proximo. 

The  decrees  of  the  22d  January  and  the  15th  February  last  are  repealed. 

Let  it  be  recorded,  published,  and  an  account  given  to  the  supreme  government  for  its 
approval.  That  it  may  be  brought  to  the  knowledge  of  all,  let  it  be  published  in  the 
daily  papers  and  posted  in  the  most  public  places  in  this  city  and  of  OUlao. 

Given  in  the  House  of  Government  in  Lima,  this  24th  of  May,  1881. 

PATRICK  LYNCH. 

Manuel  B.  Diaz  B.,  Secretary-GeneraL 

Patrick  Lynch^  Bear-Admiral  and  Oeneral-inrChief  of  the  Army  of  Chili: 

Whereas  I  have  this  day  decreed  as  follows: 

Considering  that  it  is  proper  to  establish  proper  regulations  for  the  internment  (oon- 
▼eyance  to  the  interior)  and  exportation  of  merchandise — 
I  decree: 

FOB  internment. 

Article  1.  For  the  internment  of  merchandise,  Peruvian  ports  in  which  no  custom- 
houses have  been  established  shall  be  considered  as  minor  ports  and  as  dependencies  of 
the  custom-house  at  Callao. 

Consequently,  all  merchandise  that  has  paid  the  duties  charged  at  that  custom-house 
may  be  sent  to  those  ports. 

1784  CONG — A  P 31 


482  TARIFFS   OF   TTIT.   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

Art.  2.  )f ^^rcbants  desirifig  to  avail  themselves  of  the  privilege  granted  by  the  fore- 
eoing  article  shall  to  that  end  obtain  a  custoni-honse  permit  in  triplicate,  in  which,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  quantity,  kind,  and  weight  of  the  goods,  the  port  of  their  destination  shall 
be  stated,  together  with  the  name  of  the  vessel  which  is  to  convey  them. 

One  of  the  copies  shall  he  left  at  the  cnstora-honse,  another  shall  be  delivered  to  the 
party  interested,  and  the  third  shall  be  sent  to  the  port  of  destination,  so  that  the  com- 
mander of  the  blockading  forces,  or  of  the  military  forces  of  the  place,  may  permit  the 
discharge  of  the  goods. 

Art.  3.  When  the  goods  which  it  is  desired  to  send  to  the  ports  to  which  th*s  decree 
refers  may,  in  the  judgment  of  the  collector  of  customs,  be  appraised  on  board  without 
the  necessity  of  discharging  them,  this  shall  be  permitted,  on  payment  of  the  proper  du- 
ties in  cash  and  security  ^ing  fbmished  that  any  difference  that  may  be  detected  on 
their  discharge  in  the  port  of  destination  shall  be  made  good. 

Art.  4.  The  collector  of  customs  shall  adopt  such  measures  as  he  may  deem  most  suit- 
able for  the  protection  of  the  interests  ol^thc  Treasury,  even  though  they  may  modify 
the  foregoing  provisions,  and  he  shall  duly  report  the  adoption  of  any  such  measures  to 
the  Treasury  Department. 

FOB  KXPOBTATION. 

Art.  5.  Merchants  wishing  to  export  sugar,  or  any  article  subject  to  export  duties, 
from  any  port  lying  north  or  south  of  Callao,  may  do  so  by  complying  with  the  follow- 
ing provisions: 

1st.  They  shall  present  an  application  to  the  collector  of  customs  at  Callao,  in 
which  is  mentioned  the  name  of  the  port  (or  ports)  in  which  the  goods  are  to  be  dis- 
charged, together  with  the  number  of  quintals  or  the  quantity  which  it  is  proposed  to 
export. 

On  arranging  for  the  payment  of  duties  on  the  merchandise  to  be  exported,  the  parties 
interested  shall  furnish  a  certificate  of  deposit,  or  a  promissory  note,  indorsed  to  tlie  sat- 
isfaction of  the  collector,  by  way  of  security  for  the  amount  of  those  duties. 

2d.  The  payment  of  said  amount  shall  be  required  if,  during  the  period  which  shall  be 
£xed  by  the  collector,  and  which  shall  not  exceed  one  month,  it  shall  not  be  satisfactorily 
shown  that  the  exportation  has  been  impossible,  owing  to  some  unforeseen  occurrence,  or 
to  vis  tnqjor, 

3d.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  contained  in  the  foregoing  jKirograph,  the  collector 
Biay  require  the  payment  of  the  export  duties  to  be  made  in  cash  whenever  he  shall 
tliink  proper  so  to  do. 

Art.  6.  The  duties  having  been  paid,  or  a  sufficient  guarantee  having  been  furnished 
ioT  their  payment,  the  collector  shall  issue  an  order  in  duplicate,  in  which  shall  be 
stated  the  name  of  the  vessel  which  is  to  receive  the  goods,  the  exact  quantity  of  the 
latter,  the  name  of  the  port  (or  ports)  in  which  they  are  to  be  discharged,  and  any 
other  particulars  that  may  tend  to  prevent  abuses. 

Both  copies  shall  bear  the  approval  and  seal  of  the  military  commander  of  Callao. 

Art.  7.  The  order  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  article  shall  be  delivered  to  the  party 
interested,  and  shall  be  considered  a  sufficient  permit  by  the  commanding  officer  of  the 
blockading  force,  or  by  the  military  officer  in  command  of  the  port  Irom  which  the  ex- 
portation takes  place. 

The  military  commander,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  commander  of  the  blockading  force, 
shall  retain  one  of  the  copies  of  the  order  for  the  purpose  of  sending  it,  as  speedily  as 
possible,  to  the  collector  of  customs  at  Callao,  after  having  certified  to  the  quantity  of 
merchandise  shipped. 

The  other  copy  shall  be  returned  to  the  party  interested,  after  the  annotation  entered 
xipoD.  the  one  which  is  reserved  has  been  copied  thereupon. 

ARTf  8.  The  collector  of  customs  at  Callao,  as  soon  as  he  shall  receive  the  copies  sent 
him  by  the  military  commander,  or  the  commander  of  the  blockading  squadron,  shall 
proceed  to  collect  the  duties  on  the  goods,  in  case  they  have  not  yet  been  paid. 

Art.  9.  Any  exports  made  in  violation  of  the  foregoing  articles  will  render  the  party 
making  them  amenable  to  the  penalties  provided  for  the  prevention  and  repression  of 
smuggling. 

Let  it  be  recorded  and  communicated. 

I'herefore, 

To  the  end  that  it  may  become  known  to  all,  let  it  be  published  both  in  the  news- 
papers and  handbills,  and  let  the  latter  be  posted  in  the  most  public  plaoes  of  this  dty 
and  of  Callao. 

Done  at  Lima,  in  the  Government  Hall,  May  25,  1881. 

P.  LYNCH. 
Manuel  Diaz  B.,  Secretary-OenertU, 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  483 

THE  NEW  PERUVIAir  TARIFF. 

REPORT  BY  ACTING  CONSUL  BRENT,  OP  CALLAO, 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  a  copy  of  a  decree  issued  yes- 
terday by  General  Iglesias,  at  Lima,  organizing  the  new  customs  sys- 
tem, with  a  translation  of  the  same. 

By  this  ordinance,  which  is  declared  to  be  of  a  temporary  character, 
a  deduction  of  fifteen  per  cent,  is  made  on  nearly  all  classes  of  dutiable 
goods  from  the  tariff  established  by  the  Chilian  authorities  whilst  in 
]>ossession  of  the  northern  and  central  coast  of  Peru. 

In  the  accompanying  translation  of  *the  decree  I  have  made  certain 
explanatory  notes  that  seemed  to  be  required. 

H.  M.  BRENT, 

Acting  ConsuU 
Consulate  of  the  United  States, 

Callao,  October  25, 1883. 


[Translation.] 

MiGUBL  Iglbsias,  Pbesident  of  the  Republic. 

Whereas  it  is  necessary  in  the  present  embarrassed  condition  of  the  ooxmtiy  to  equalize 
the  hardens  to  be  borne  with  the  requirements  of  the  nation. 

It  is  equitable  and  proper  to  establish  national  credit,  complying  strictly  and  fidthfhUy 
with  all  the  obligations  contracted  by  the  State. 

That  although  the  burthens  now  imposed  on  the  Republic  may  be  heavy,  they  are 
essentially  of  a  transitory  character,  and  only  to  subsist  until  the  opening  of  the  National 
Assembly. 

I  decree: 

1.  That  the  customs  tariff  in  force  in  the  Republic  up  to  the  13th  January,  1881,  is 
now  re-established  with  the  following  modifications: 

The  articles  and  merchandise  comprehended  in  the  first,  second,  third,  fourth,  and 
sixth  sections  of  the  tariff  will  pay  an  additional  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Those  of  the  fifth  and  ninth  sections  5  per  cent,  additional  ad  valorem.  Those  of  the 
eighth  section  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

The  articles  specified  in  the  seventh  section  remain  subject  to  the  former  charge.  * 

2.  All  articles  imported  free  by  virtue  of  the  former  tariff  will  now  pay  5  per  cent,  ad 
valorem.     (Agricultural  and  mining  tools;  printing  paper,  &c.) 

3.  The  sums  to  be  received  from  the  additional  duties  established  wiU  be  collected 
separately,  and  will  form  a  sinking  ftind  for  the  redemption  of  the  Government  paper 
money. 

This  money  is  to  be  redeemed  monthly,  and  the  manner  of  so  proceeding  will  form  the 
subject  of  a  special  decree. 

4.  The  customs  dues,  as  now  established,  accruing  to  the  former  tariff,  must  be  paid 
in  silver  coin,  and  the  additional  dues  specified  in  this  decree  must  also  be  covered  in 
silver  coin  or  in  Oovemment  bank-notes,  at  the  current  value  attached  to  this  paper 
money,  to  be  determined  by  the  Callao  customs  officers. 

5.  Th\a  decree  goes  into  immediate  effect  at  Callao,  and  within  fifteen  days  fh>m  date 
in  the  other  custom-houses  of  the  Republic 

The  minister  of  the  treasury  is  enc^rged  with  the  execution  of  this  order. 
Oiven  at  the  Government  House,  in  Lima,  October  24,  1883. 

MIGUEL  IGTiKSTAfl. 
Elias  Malpabtida, 

MimsUr  of  the  Treasury. 

*  Explanatory  note  by  the  cuAing  oonml. 

Peroont. 
ad  val. 

First  section.    Cotton  goods ^ 25 

Second  section.    Woolen  goods 25 

Third  section.     Linen  goods 25 

Fourth  section.    Silk  goods 25 

Sixth  section.    Bianumctured  articles,  fancy,  household  utensils,  machinery, 

lumber,  grain,  coal,  &c Various 

Fifth  section.    Furniture  ofall  kinds,  clothing,  trunks.  Sec Various 

Seventh  section.    Food  and  provisions 30 

Eighth  section.    Wines,  liquors,  ales Various 

Ninth  section.    Medidnes  and  drugs . . ..«         *^ 


484  TARIFFS  OF   THE   SEVEBAL   COUNTRIES. 


BRITISH  GUIANA. 
TABIEF  OF  BEinSH  OUIAHA. 

[.Ordinance  No.  5,  of  1882.] 

Publication  by  His  Excellency  Sir  Henry  Turner  Irving,  Knight,  Com- 
panion of  the  Most  Distinguished  Order  of  Saint  Michael  and  Saint 
George,  Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief  in  and  over  the  Colony 
of  British  Guiana,  Vice- Admiral  and  Ordinary  of  the  same,  &c.,  &c., 
&c.,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Honorable  the  Court  of 
Policy,  combined  with  the  financial  representatives  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  said  colony. 

To  all  to  whom  these  presents  do,  may,  or  shall  come  greeting,  ¥e  it 

known: 

Whereas  a  statement  has  been  laid  before  our  present  combined  as- 
sembly, showing  the  amount  of  supplies  which  will  be  necessary  to  de- 
fray the  colonial  expenditure  for  the  current  year;  and  Whereas  it  is 
expedient  that  the  necessary  taxes  required  to  defray  the  colonial  ex- 
penditure should  be  raised,  levied,  and  collected  by  ordnance:  Beit 
therefore  enacted  by  his  excellency  the  governor  of  the  colony  of 
British  Guiana,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  court  of  policy 
thereof  and  of  the  financial  representatives  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
said  colony  in  combined  court  assembled,  as  follows: 

1.  There  shall  be  raised,  levied,  collect^,  and  paid  the  several  duties, 
as  the  same  are  respectively  set  forth  in  figures  in  the  schedule  herein 
contained,  upon  all  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise  enumerated  in  the 
same  schedule,  which  shall  be  imported  into  British  Guiana,  or  taken 
out  of  bond  for  consumption  in  the  colony,  on  and  after  the  first  dav 
of  July,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty- two,  and  until  the  first 
day  of  July,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty-three: 

Schedule  of  duties  payable  on  artides  imported  or  taken  out  of  bond  for  consumption  on  cmd 

after  1st  July,  1882,  until  1st  July,  1883. 

Bacon per  ponnd..    $0  02 

Beef: 

Pickled per  barrel  of  200  pounds--      3  00 

Dried  or  smoked per  pound..  02 

Bread,  navy  biscuitsor  crackers,  or  other  kinds per  100-.  60 

Bricks per  1,000.-  30 

Buckets  and  pails  of  all  kinds per  dozen..  25 

Butter per  pound..  02 

Candles: 

TaUow -do.-  01 

Spermaceti,  wax,  adamantine,  hyraulic  press  composition,  or  any  other 

than  simple  tallow _ perpound..  05 

Cheese do.-  02 

Chocolate,  including  all  kinds  of  prepared  cocoa do..  04 

Cigars do.-  75 

Clapboards per  1,000—      1  50 

Coals -- per  hogshead,  including  the  packages..  24 

Coals,  loose . per  ton..  36 

Cocoa,  raw perpound..  IJ 

Coffee do 1} 

Confectionery,  including  sweetened  preserves do 05 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  485 

Cordage,  including  gasketing per  112  pounds..  $1  00 

Com,  grain  of  every  description  and  every  kind  of  beans,  pease  and  pulse  of 

every  description  and  eveiy  kind,  and  whether  whole  or  split per  bushel .  .  05 

Com  brooms per  dozen..  20 

Commeal  and  oatmeal . per  100  pounds..  25 

Dogs — - per  head..  5  00 

Donkeys do 1  00 

Fish,  dried per  112  pounds..  60 

Fish,  pickled,  say : 

Salmon per  barrel  of  200  pounds..  2  00 

Mackerel 1 do-.-.  1  00 

And  all  othersorts do 25 

Fish,  smoked per  pound..  00} 

Flour  of  all  descriptions . per  barrel  of  196  pounds..  $1  00 

Oai\je perpound..  50 

Ginger,  raw do 05 

Ground  feed,  middlings,  shorts,  and  bran per  bushel..  05 

Gunpowder per  pound..  20 

Hams  and  all  other  dried  or  smoked  meats,  and  including  sausages  other  than 

in  tins perpound..  02 

Hay per  100  pounds..  10 

Hoops: 

Wood per  1,000—  1  50 

Iron per  112pounds..  10 

Horses: 

Stallions  under  fourteen  and  a  half  hands  in  height each.  .100  00 

All  other  horses per  head..  7  00 

Lard per  pound..  01 

Lumber*  of  all  kinds per  1,000  feet  board  measure..  2  00 

Malt  liquor: 

In  wood per  hogshead..  5  00 

In  bottles per  dozen  quarts..  24 

In  bottles per  dozen  pints..  12 

Matches: 

Per  gross  of  boxes,  oontaining  each  at  the  rate  of  100  matches,  if  in  pack- 
ages containing  not  less  than  ten  gross 20 

Per  gross  of  boxes,  each  box  containing  at  the  rate  of  100  matches,  if  in 

packages  oontaining  less  than  ten  gross —  40 

Match  splints,  per  case,  ^ich  case  containing  equal  to  ten  gross  of  matches  of 

theordimiry  length 3  75 

Mules _ per  head..  5  00 

Muskets,  guns  and  fowling  pieces ..each..  2  00 

Oats per  bushel..  05 

Opium  or  bhang per  pound..  2  00 

Oils: 

Which  give  off  an  inflammable  vapor  at  a  temperature  of  less  than  73  degrees 
Fs^renheit,  as  ascertained  by  the  test  which  is  established  in  England 

by  the42dand  43d  Victoria,  cap.  47 per  gallon..  3  00 

All  other  (essential,  perfumed,  and  castor  oil  excepted) do 15 

Paints  of  all  kinds - per  112  pounds..  25 

Pepper perpound..  01 

Percussion  caps per  100..  04 

Pistols,  including  revolvers ^ each..  5  00 

Pitch per  barrel..  50 

Porks  pickled per  barrel  of  200  pounds..  3  00 

Rice — per  100  pounds..  25 

Rosin per  barrel.-  50 

Sago perpound..  02 

Shingles  of  all  kinds perl,000--  50 

Shooks. - per  pack..  08 

Shot. per  pound..  02 

Slates per  1,000..  1  00 

Snuff ^ -.per  pound...  50 

Soap,  other  than  perfumed do 00} 

*  8f»moe  and  white  pine  lumber  subject  to  a  deduction  of  5  per  cent,  for  aplits. 


486  TARIFFS   OF  THE   8ETEBAL  COUNTRIE& 


BpiritB  or  strong  water  of  all  sorts,  not  sweetened,  not  exceeding  the  stiength  of 
proof  by  Sykes'  hydrometer^  and  so  on  in  proportioii  for  any  greater  strength 

of  proof,  and  for  any  greater  or  less  quantity  than  a  gallon at  per  gallon..  $2  00 

Sweetened  spirits,  liqnears,  bitters,  and  cordials .' do 2  00 

Spirit,  the  following  perfumed,  viz.,  cologne  water,  Florida  water,  bay  mm,  and 

bay  water atpergallon..  1  00 

Staves  and  headings,  white  oak... per  1,000.-  2  00 

Staves  of  every  other  descripticm do 1  50 

Tar -. - per  barrel..  50 

Sugars , per  pound —  04 

Tapioca do 02 

Tea do-—  12 

Tobacco  pipes  (clay) per  gross..  1  00 

Tongues,  pickled,  dried,  or  smoked per  pound..  12 

Turpentine,  crude per  galloo..  50 

Turpentine,  spirits  of do 18 

tTobacoo: 

In  leal^  if  in  packages  not  less  than  a  hogshead  of  800  pounds..per  pound..  25 

In  leaf,  if  in  smaller  packages do 35 

Manufoctured  (cigars  and  snuff  excepted) do 35 

Varnish: 

Not  containing  alcohol  or  spirits per  gallon..  18 

Containing  any  quantity  of  alcohol  or  spirits do 2  00 

Wine,  red,  admitted  by  the  comptroller  of  customs  as  claret  or  Tarrag<Hia  and 
the  dedared  ^ue  of  which  shall  be  any  sum  not  exceeding  two  dollars  a 
gallon. 
If  in  wood,  and  containing  less  than  26  per  cent,  of  proof  spirit  as  verified  by 

Sykes'  hydrometer ^ per  gallon..  35 

If  in  wood,  and  containing  26  per  cent,  and  less  than  33  per  cent,  of  proof  spirit 

as  verified  by  Sykes'  hydrometer per  ^^on..  50 

If  bottled per  dozen  quarts..  72 

If  bottled per  dozen  pints..  36 

Wine: 

Of  all  other  descriptions,  bottled per  dozen  quarts..  2  00 

Of  all  other  descriptions per  dozen  pints..  1  00 

Of  all  other  descriptions,  in  wood per  gallon..  80 

and  these  rates  upon  any  greater  or  less  quantity  of  such  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise, 
respectively.  And  upon  all  other  goods,  wares,  and  mershandise  not  herein  enumerated, 
which  shall  be  imported  or  taken  out  of  bond  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  raised,  levied,  col- 
lected, and  paid  during  the  period  aforesaid,  an  ad  valorem  duty  at  the  rate  of  ten  per 
centum,  or  ten  dollars  upon  every  one  hundred  dollars,  of  the  value  of  such  goods,  wares, 
and  merchandise,  at  the  place  of  shipment :  Provided,  That  the  following  artides  shall 
be  exempt  from  duties : 

SCHXDULB  OF  EXEBfPTIOKS. 

Animal  charcoal. 

Bitumen  or  mineral  pitch. 

Broken  stone  and  road  metal  of  any  description. 

Bullion,  coin,  and  diamonds. 

Bulls,  cows,  calves,  heifers,  steers,  and  oxen. 

Cottonseeds. 

Earth  closets. 

Firo  engines. 

Fresh  £h  and  turtle. 

Fresh  meats. 

Fruits,  vegetables,  and  ground  provisions,  not  enumerated. 

Goods,  stores,  arms  and  ammunition  imported  by  order  of  the  executive  governments 

Hogs  and  pigs,  of  every  description. 

Horses,  bag^ige,  and  fiimiture  of  officers  in  Her  Majesty's  naval  and  military  services. 

Ice. 

Leeches. 

fDuty  on  tobacco  to  be  paid  on  the  weight  thereof  being  certified,  either  by  a  sworn 
weigher  and  ganger  or  otherwise,  to  the  satis&ction  of  the  comptroller  of  colonial  cus- 
toms. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         487 

Lime,  inclnding  the  packages  in  which  it  is  contaiiied. 

Machinery,  comprising  the  following :  Machinery  employed  in  the  drainage  of  land  or 
in  mining  operations,  or  in  the  manufacture  or  preparation  of  the  prince  of  raw 
materials  of  the  colony,  or  in  the  manufacture  or  preparation  of  manures,  whether  im- 
ported for  sale  or  on  private  account;  also  machinery  and  implements  intended  foi 
water  works,  tanks,  and  lamp  posts,  with  their  appurtenances;  paving  and  kerh  stones, 
and  draining  pipes,  imported  by  the  mayor  and  town  council  of  Geoigetown  or  by  the 
Board  of  Superintendence  of  New  Amsterdam ;  also  machinery,  retorts,  gasometers,  and 
pipes  imported  for  the  construction  of  gas  works  in  this  colony;  locomotive  engines, 
railway  plant,  machinery  for  steamboats,  saw-mills,  and  foundries ;  steam  boilers  of 
every  description,  steam-boiler  plates  and  tubes ;  all  pans,  teaches,  tanks,  and  other 
vessels  ^sed  exclusively  in  the  manufacture  of  sugar  or  for  the  storage  supply  of  water; 
locks  or  sluices  for  sea  defenses  or  water  supply;  iron  cane  punts,  iron  bridges,  grat- 
ing bars,  tile  and  brick-making  machinery,  and  articles  imported  fat  the  use  of  the 
pilot  service  of  the  colony. 

Manures,  including  nitrate  of  soda,  plaster  of  Paris,  and  whiting. 

Molasses. 

Materials  and  church  fhmiture  which  may  be  specially  imported  for  any  place  of  wor- 
ship of  the  Christian  religion  in  this  colony. 

Materials  to  be  used  in  the  construction  of  the  new  Stabroek  market. 

Packages  in  which  goods  are  imported  (except  trunks  and  camstecs  and  except  hogs- 
heads and  puncheons  not  containing  lime  or  coals). . 

Patterns  or  samples. 

Polariscopes. 

Poultry, 

Printed  books,  not  subject  to  duty  under  Ordinance  No.  14  of  the  year  1855. 

Printing  presses  and  types,  printing  paper  and  printing  ink,  imported  by  or  directly  for 
the  conductor  of  any  newspaper  or  printing  establislmient  for  the  exclusive  purpose  of 
being  used  by  him  in  the  course  of  his  trade. 

Provisions  and  stores  of  every  description  imported  by  Her  Majesty's  Government  for 
the  use  of  Her  Majesty's  land  and  sea  forces. 

Salt 

Sewing  machines. 

Sheep. 

Specimens  illustrative  of  natural  history,  garden  seeds,  bulbs,  and  roots. 

Steam-plows,  steam-diggers,  and  steam-dredgers. 

Telegraph  instruments  and  other  materials  imported  by  telegraph  companies,  and  nec- 
essary for  the  use  and  construction  of  their  works,  offices,  and  stations  in  tins  colony. 

Tombstones. 

Uniforms,  arms,  ammunition,  accouterments,  and  prizes,  imported  by  and  for  the  use  of 
Her  Majesty's  land  or  sea  forces  or  of  the  colonial  militia  or  any  volxmteer  force  or 
rifle  association  sanctioned  by  the  governor. 

Wines,  spirituous  liquors  and  stores,  imported  by  and  for  the  use  of  the  governor. 

2.  The  provisions  of  Ordinance  No.  16  of  the  year  1854,  which  relate  to  the  ware- 
housing of  goods,  shall  not  be  applicable  to  gunpowder  imported  during  the  continuance 
of  this  ordinance;  and  the  duty  on  all  su(£  gunpowder  shall  be  paid  immediately  on 
importation. 

3.  For  the  purpose  of  encouraging  the  trade  of  the  colony  with  other  countries,  parties 
exporting  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise  on  which  duties  shall  have  been  paid  under  and 
by  virtue  or  this  ordinance,  or  any  other  ordinance,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  drawback  of 
duties  on  such  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise  at  and  after  the  rates  and  amounts  levied 
and  paid  on  such  goods  ;  and  the  mode,  manner,  and  time  of  claiming  such  drawback 
shall  be  subject  to  the  provisions  of  Ordinance  No.  16  of  the  year  1854,  and  every  other 
'ordinance  that  may  be  hereafter  passed  by  the  governor  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  court  of  policy,  regulating  dn^wbocks:  Provided  always^  That  no  drawback  shall  be 
allowed  on  any  wine  or  spirituous  liquor  or  gunpowder  which  shall  be  exported  from  the 
colony  at  any  time  during  the  continuance  of  this  ordinance. 

4.  There  shall  be  raised,  levied,  and  collected  upon  every  vessel  other  than  the  vessels 
hereinafter  excepted  entering  at  the  custom-house  at  any  of  the  ports  of  British  Guiana 
a  tonnage  duly  calculated  according  to  the  following  rates,  that  is  to  say :  On  a  vessel  of 
seventy  tons  and  upwards  the  sum  of  fifteen  cents  per  ton  ;  on  a  vessel  under  seventy 
tons  the  sum  of  five  cents  per  ton,  not  to  be  collected  more  than  four  times  in  any  one 
year.  And  where  in  either  case  the  tonnage  of  such  vessel  is  not  a  whole  number  of  tons, 
the  tonnags  of  such  vessel  for  the  purposes  of  this  section  shall  be  deemed  the  whole 
number  nearest  the  actn^  number  of  tons. 

The  following  vessels  shall  be  exempted,  that  is  to  say : 


488         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Vessels  belonging  to  Her  Majesty  or  belonging  to  or  chartered  by  Her  Mi^esty  or  Her 
Bfi^Oesty's  (^vemment  or  any  foreign  government  recognized  by  Her  Majesty. 

Vessels  employed  on  any  work  of  public  utility  and  which  in  the  opini()n  of  his  excellency 
the  governor  ought  to  be  exempt. 

Vessels  which  in  the  opinion  of  the  comptroller  of  customs  are  yachts  and  are  not  used 
in  any  trade  or  business. 

The  royal  mail  steamers,  the  French  mail  steamers,  and  the  Dutch  mail  steamers. 

Vessels  calling  at  any  of  the  said  ports  and  not  breaking  bulk:  Provided^  That  no  officer 
or  seaman  of  the  vessel  is  left  in  the  colony  or  becomes  an  inmate  of  any  of  the  colo- 
nial hospitals  or  prisons  before  the  vessel  sails. 


HAYTI. 
HATTIAH  TARIFF. 


TBAN8LATED  AND  FORWARDED  TO  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE  BY  CONSUL^ENERAL 

LANQSTON, 

DUTIES  ON  IMPORTS. 

Dati«8. 

Absinthe: 

12  ordinary  bottles - - - —  .$0  75 

12  large  bottles,  or  littles . 1  00 

Acid: 

Tartaric _. .per  pound.-  12 

Sulphuric per  ordiiury  bottle..  ^         6 

Aiglets: 

Of  fine  gold each—  1  00 

Of  fine  silver do 75 

Of  imitation  gold  and  silver do 50 

Of  silk do 10 

Of  worsted,  thread,  or  cotton per  dozen..  50 

Awls: 

Mounted per  dozen..  12 

Not  mounted per  hundred..  25 

Almanacs: 

Fine  gilt-edged per  dozen..  37 

For  young  children,  with  engravings do 50 

For  offices..' do 25 

For  pocket do 12 

Alphabets: 

Ordinary per  hundred..  50 

With  engravings , do 1  00 

Almonds per  hundredweight..  1  00 

Anchovies: 

In  cases  holding  12  jars 30 

In  pots  or  small  barrels per  pot  or  barrel ..  15 

Anchors  of  ships per  hundredweight..  50 

Asses.    She  asses  free  of  duty. 

Anisado  (distilled  aniseed) per  gallon..  2S 

Aniseed: 

Green  and  star perpound..  5 

Ck)rdial,  in  baskets  of  two  compartments per  basket..  40 

Cordial,  incases.. ...per  12 bottles.-  2  50 

Arrow-root,  powdered,  fecula  of  potatoes per  pound..  3 

Articles,  prohibited  (see  Article  30  of  the  law). 

Atlas: 

Of  hydrography  or  of  geography,  bound  in  skin each..  25 

Of  hydrography  or  of  geography,  boarded ..do 12 

Of  hydrography  or  of  geography,  linen  stitched do 2 

Of  geography do 25 

Azure,  powdered  or  in  lump perpound..  12 

Anvils -.per  hundredweight..  50 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         489 

Axletrees,  of  iron  for  carts.     Free  of  duty. 

Arm-chairs:     • 

Single,  fine,  with  straw  or  wooden  seats,  gilt each.. 

Single,  fine,  of  horsehair  or  morocco,  gilt  or  not do 

Single,  of  ordinory  wood,  with  large  tocks,  gilt  or  not - do 

Single,  plain,  common do 


For  sappers,  with  or  without  cases . each.. 

For  carpenters,  of  every  sort per  dozen.. 

Almond  cake  (nougat) per  pound.. 

Apples per  barrel.. 

Argand  lamps: 

With  seyeral  branches each.. 

Ordinary  ^-_. do 

For  tables,  vrith  glass  globes ..do 

For  tables,  with  rim  and  shade  of  silk  or  gauze  stufis do 

Augers: 

Assorted . per  dozen.. 

For  wimbles 1 per  dozen  augers.. 

For  wimbles,  small per  dozen  ^mall  augers.. 

Assay  balances each.. 

Bows,  for  violin per  dozen.. 

Baths: 

Of  brass,  large each.. 

Of  brass,  small do 

Of  brass,  set  in  chairo,  or  half  baths do 

Of  tin,  large  or  small , ...do 

Of  tin,  set  in  chairs  or  half  baths do 

Of  wood,  or  large  pails do 

Brooms: 

Of  horse-hair  and  of  straw per  dozen.. 

(Hand  brooms) ...do 

Hand  brooms  of  feathers do 

Balustrades  of  iron per  hundred  pounds.. 

Bands: 

Of  muslin,  cambric  muslin,  and  book  muslin,  embroidered per  ell.. 

Of  muslin,  cambric  muslin,  and  book  muslin  of  superior  quality.. do 

Of  cambric,  embroidered do 

Of  cambric  of  superior  quality do 

Of  paper,  for  hats per  dozen.. 

For  letters do 

Bass-viols,  instruments  of  music each.. 

Basins: 

Of  brass _ per  pound.  . 

Of  pewter each.. 

Of  earthenware  or  porcelain do 

Bassoons,  instruments  of  music do 

Buildings  in  glass,  ivory,  or  other  rare  material  for  ornaments do 

Beaufort: 

(Linen  of),  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell.. 

(Linen  of),  above  30  inches  (see  article  24,  third  paragraph). 
Beet-root: 

In  barrels •. per  barrel.. 

In  baskets per  basket. . 

Butter per  hundred  weight.. 

Butter-boats,  of  glass each.. 

Bidets: 

Mounted  with  morocco each.. 

Ordinary,  with  backs do 

Of  tin,  with  syringe do 

Of  earthenware,  single ..do 

Beer: 

In  barrels per  barrel  of  60  gallons.. 

In  half  barrels per  half  barrel  of  30  gallons.. 

In  bottles per  dozen  bottles.. 

Billiards: 

Of  mahogany  or  rare  wood each.. 

Of  common  wood do 


il  00 

1  00 

75 

50 

25 

1  00 

6 

40 

2  00 

50 

1  25 

50 

25 

25 

12 

75 

1  00 

2  00 

1  50 

100 

1  00 

75 

50 

1  00 

50 

1  00 

1  50 

6 

12 

8 

IG 

6 

3 

1  00 

6 

12 

12 

50 

3  00 

1  00 

25 

1  00 

6 

1  00 
50 
50 
20 

2  00 

1  00 

25 

25  00 
15  00 

$1  50 

3  00 

75 

37 

75 

1  50 

75 

10 

3 

1  50 

1  50 

50 

50 

2  00 

75 

25 

50 

8 

6 

3 

1  50 

20 

50 

1  00 

490         TARIFFS  OF  TH£  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

BiUiaid  balls: 

Per  set  of  four  balls » 

(Pooh),  the  24  balls 

Biscuits: 

White--- perhundiedweight.. 

Ordinary — do 

Small do 

'    Bitters: 

In  bottles.^. perdozen.- 

In  half  bottles - -— do 

Bine,  Prussian* per  pound.. 

Bowls,  of  glMB,  of  every  dimension,  vrithout  their  capsules each.. 

Beef: 

Salt per  barrel.- 

Smoked per  hundredweight-. 

Salted  h  la  mode per  pot  or  small  cask 

Boxes: 

Of  mathematical  instruments,  complete each.. 

Per  set 1 the  set.. 

For  cards  (for  game  of  **  la  Bdte") • 

For  tea,  of  tin each.. 

Of  leather,  for  hats do 

Ofperftimery,  containing  6  pieces each  box.. 

Of  pasteboard,  colored,  withglassor  mirror per  dozen 

Of  pasteboard  or  wood,  for  pills,  lozenges,  and  wafers do 

For  keeping  silverware each 

For  barbers per  dozen 

For  dressmakers ^ each 

Musical do 

Bombazine  or  mourning,  of  silk  and  wool,  alpaca,  or  other  material  of  like  kind, 
of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  8 

Bombazine: 

Of  pure  wool  or  goat-hair,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  6 

Of  dimensions  larger  than  those  hereabove  stated'  (see  Article  24,  third 
paragraph). 

Bombs: 

( Projectiles. )    Free  of  duty. 

Of  iron  or  of  pinchbeck  . each..  25 

Buckets -- per  dozen..  75 

Boots: 

With  tops  or  plain,  fine  and  common per  pair..        1  50 

Common,  large  and  medium  size do 50 

For  soldiers do 25 

Half- do 75 

Half,  for  soldiers do 25 

For  women per  dozen..        2  50 

Half,  for  women do 2  00 

Buckles: 

Of  metal,  other  than  gold  or  silver pergross..  50 

For  ribbons  of  round  hats do 60 

For  saddlery,  assorted,  not  plated do 25 

For  saddlery,  assorted,  plated do 60 

Bottles: 

•  Empty perhundr^..  60 

Covered  with  osier  or  skin,  assorted per  dozen..  30 

Buttons: 

Of  metal,  impressed,  for  officers per  gross..  60 

Of  metal,  impressed  or  ball  shape,  for  soldiers do 18 

Of  metal,  plain,  flat,  fine do 40 

For  trousers do 10 

Of  mother  of  pearl,  agate,  seige,  or  silk,  large do 20 

Of  mother  of  pearl,  agate,  serge,  or  silk,  small do 15 

Of  linen  or  glass do 10 

Of  bone  or  wood per  package  of  12  rows.-  10 

For  shirts  or  clothes,  mounted  on  brass  or  gilded  sOver per  12  pairs-.  50 

•  Thus  modified  by  Uw  of  July  20,  ISTO. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  491 

Bracelets: 

Ofsilkribbon perpair—  $0  12 

Of  gold,  silver,  and  gilt  silver.     (See  Fine  jewelry.) 

Braces: 

Fine,  embroidered  in  silk,  with  gilt  buckles  or  silver  plated,  .per  dozen. . 

paiis _ 1  00 

Of  cotton,  linen,  duck  and  India  rubber,  with  iron  buckles;  pewter  or  ' 

polished  brass _ per  dozen  pairs..  30 

Fine,  with  metal  buckles,  and  of  divers  material per  dozen.  -  75 

Of  cotton,  ordinary,  with  iron  buckles do 12 

For  guns,  in  leather do 0 

Bridles: 

Mounted  with  plated  bits each..  1  50 

Fine,  without  plated  bits per  dozen  bridles..  6  00 

Ordinary,  without  plated  bits do 6  00 

Bricks , per  thousand..  50 

Brushes: 

Fine,  for  clothes . per  dozen..  60 

Ordinary,  for  shoes do 25 

Tooth do 20 

Hair..* do 50 

Basts: 

Of  plaster,  above  24  inches  in  hight — each..  50 

Of  plaster,  of  12  to  24  inches  in  height do 1  25 

Of  plaster,  below  12  inches  jn  height per  dozen..  1  00 

Bandboxes do 50 

Boilers: 

Of  copper,  for  manufactories per  hundred- weight. .  3  00 

Of  iron  or  pinchbeck,  of  all  shapes  and  sizes* do 50 

For  sugar,  of  iron  or  pinchbeck.     Free  of  duty. 

Bedstead  keys,  of  iron.. per  dozen..  50 

Blacking: 

For  leather,  shoes,  &c.,  in  sticks  or  pots per  dozen..  50 

For  leather,  shoes,  Ac. ,  liquid,  in  flasks per  12  flasks. .  10 

For  leather,  shoes,  in  bulls per  dozen..  10 

For  leather,  shoes,  in  small  flasks do 20 

Bells: 

Of  brass per  hundred- weight..  5  00 

Of  casting-. - do 4  00 

Small per  dozen..  50 

Bed-posts: 

Of  fine  wood,  carved  or  grooved per4posts.-  4  00 

Of  ms^ogany,  or  yellow  wood,  turned,  plain do 3  00 

Bills  of  hiding per  thousand..  2  00 

Blankets : 

Of  cotton,  mixed  with  silk,  with  or  without  fringe each..  $1  00 

Of  cotton  flock,  very  common do 25 

Of  cotton,  quilted  and  worked,  fine do 75 

Of  cotton,  quilted  and  worked,  ordinary _ do 50 

Of  wool - 1 do 25 

Of  thread,  chintz,  flne do 30 

Of  thread,  chintz,  common  and  narrow per  dozen..  40 

Breeches - ...perdozen..  4  00 

Bcandy : 

In  pipes  or  casks  of  at  least  60  gallons per  gallon..  50 

Incases * per  case  of  12  bottles..  1  00 

Incases per  case  of  12  liters..  1  50 

In  jugs  or  jars  of  J  pints perdozen..  1  50 

Of  Andaye,  per  case  of  12  bottles percase..  1  00 

Prepared  for  the  making  up  of  hats per  gallon..  4 

Bark,  powdered  for  tanning  leather perbarrel..  25 

Boot-stretchers -. per  pair..  50 

Block  tin — per  hundred-weight..  3  00 

Bolting-doth : 

Wide per  ell..  4 

Narrow do 2 

*Tbu8  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 1899. 


492  TARIFIS   OF   THE   8EVEKAL   COUNTRIES. 

Beans  in  barrels ' per  barrel..  $0  40 

Bed  bottoms,  of  wood,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Bells: 

Of  gilded  copper  or  silver-plated per  gross..  40 

Of  pure  copper do 20 

Baoon per  pound..  2 

Bedsteads: 

With  pillars,  of  mabogany,  plain each..  6  00 

With  pillars,  carved  or  grooved,  with  oomioes do 8  00 

Of  oak,  plain ...do 4  00 

Of  pine  wood — do 3  00 

Of  iron do 3  00 

Books: 

Bound,  edges  gUted  or  not,  with  or  without  engravings: 

Each  volume  in  folio 20 

Each  volume  in  quarto 15 

Each  volume  in  octavo 8 

Each  volume  in  12 *  5 

Each  volume  in  16 3 

Each  volume  in  18 1 

In  boards  or  stitched,  half  price,  according  to  size. 

Classical,  that  is  to  say,  grammars  and  dictionaries  of  dead  and  living  lan- 
guages, the  Greek  and  Latin  authors,  books  of  arithmetic,  geometiy, 
algebra,  and  elementary  geography,  when  in  boards  or  stitched.  Free  of 
duty. 

Small  or  pocket  memorandum  books,  plain \ per  dozen..  30 

Small  or  pocket  memorandum  books,  fine,  with  tablets do 40 

Small  gilded  or  pocket  memorandum  books,  with  gilt  leaves do 40 

Black  lead — perpound..  8 

Bits: 

For  bridles,  plated * per  dozen..  3  00 

For  bridles,  ordinary do 2  60 

For  bridles,  common do 2  00 

Book-muslin,  in  pieces,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  5 

Baskets: 

Of  osier,  large per  dozen..  2  00 

Of  osier,  small do 75 

Of  porcelain,  for  fruits per  pair..  50 

Barbers'  brushes per  dozen..  40 

Buckwheat per  barrel..  50 

Bouquet-stands each..  5 

Bottle-stands : 

Silver-plated *. each..  8 

Not  silver-plated... per  dozen..  40 

Billiard-cues do 8  00 

Billiard-cloths each..  4  00 

Buckets: 

Of  wood  or  leather... each..  $0  12 

Ot  whiteor  colored  glass,  fortables per  dozen..  30 

Bird-oigans ^ each..  1  50 

Bran. per  barrel..  30 

Bellows: 

For  blacksmiths .* .each..  1  00 

For  butchers do 1  00 

For  kitchens do 1  00 

Bass-drums:  t 

Of  copper .each..  40 

Of  wood .do 20 

Boot  legs per  pair..  40 

Bootjack per  dozen..  40 

Bolsters: 

Of  feathers.     Prohibited. 

Of  straw per  dozen..  60 

Backgammon-boards,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Bolts .. per  dozen..  30 

Bone-black perhundrcKl  pounds..  75 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  493 

Boards: 

Pitch  pine perM.- 

Piue do 

Oak do 

Bear-skins each.. 

Buffalo-skins . per  dozen. . 

Blonderbnsses : each.- 

Ba^,  of  osnabarg,  and  other  bagging per  hundred.. 

Bullion  gimp  and  flat  lace  of  fine  gold each.. 

Bullion  gimp  and  flat  lace  of  fine  Slver do 

Bullion  gimp  and  fiat  laoe,  imitation do 

Brin: 

(Linen manafactnred  in  Champagne) of  7-8 and 3-4 ...per  ell.. 

Of  large  width do 

Bnrat  (common  woolen  stuff)  of  30  inches  and  under ..do 

Chitterlings  (force  meat  balls) per  hundred- weight.. 

Cupboards: 

Of  mahogany  or  tancy  wood . each.. 

Of  otUc  or  common  wood.- do 

Chums do 

Casks,  empty,  of  sixty  gallons - do 

Cambric: 

White  linen,  by  the  piece  or  roll  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell.. 

Sune,  above  30  inches.     (See  Article  24,  third  paragraph.) 

Cotton,  of  30  inches  and  under — do 

Unbleached  linen,  of  30  inches  and  under do 

Cross-belts: 

Of  buff per  dozen.. 

Of  patent  leather do..  . 

Betagged  or  embroidered ..each.. 

Cradles: 

Of  osier,  for  children do 

Of  mahogany do 

Cans,  of  tin  (soldjers) per  dozen.. 

CaDd[le8 per  pound.. 

Candies: 

In  paste,  of  every  sort ^ do 

Of  sugar,  crystallized  or  not do 

Caps: 

Of  lace,  for  women perdosen.. 

Of  embroidered  muslin,  forwomen do 1 

Of  wool  or  cotton do 

Of  ordinary  stuff,  for  soldiers  and  others - do 1 

Of  leather do 

For  children,  of  lace,  tulle,  or  other  rich  material do 

For  children,  of  muslin,  or  Victoria  lawn,  embroidered do 

Corks: 

Assorted per  thousand.. 

Fossil,  lined per  hundred.. 

Candlesticks: 

Plated,  of  every  dimension,  vnthout  their  shade per  pair.. 

Plain,  and  those  of  brass,  without  their  shade do 

Of  glass,  without  their  shade each.. 

Cannon-balls  of  any  caliber.    Free  of  duty. 

Compasses  of  every  sort,  other  than  those  of  ships,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Coal-tar,  wet  and  dry per  barrel.. 

Cruets,  of  crystal per  pair.. 

Cable  chains,  for  ships per  hundred-weight.. 

Coffee-pots: 

Of  silver per  marc  (8  ounces  French  weight) 

Of  silver,  plated each.. 

Of  tin,  composed  of  one  or  more  pieces •. do 

Of  tin,  ordinary per  dozen.. 

Of  china,  mounted  on  iron  stoves,  sumamed  "^  la  Dubelloy each.. 

Of  china,  simple ...do 

Gages,  assorted - per  dozen.. 


12  50 

1  75 

3  50 

50 

12  00 

1  00 

2  50 

30 

20 

25 

2 

4 

5 

2  00 

10  00 

3  00 

25 

4 

10 

6 

8 

2  00 

2  50 

4  00 

25 

1  00 

50 

5 

4 

5 

2  00 

1  00 

25 

1  00 

1  00 

2  00 

1  00 

25 

40 

0  50 

12 

25 

50 

25 

1  00 

1  50 

30 

26 

80 

75 

6 

2  00 

494  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVESAL   COUNTRIES. 

Copy-books: 

Methods  or  miisic  books,  bonnd  in  skin  or  moroooo,  gQded  or  Dot..eMli..  |0  25 

Same  as  above,  boarded  or  stitched do 15 

Cases,  for  gin,  with  the  12  empty  flasks do 20 

Chalices,  silver  pUited . do 50 

Cinnamon per  pound..  4 

Cannons,  of  brass,  iron,  or  cast  iron.    Free  of  dnty. 

Caparisons: 

Of  fine  material,  richly  embroidered  in  gold each..  4  00 

Of  fine  material,  richly  embroidered  in  silver do 2  50 

Of  silk,  plain  or  embroidered,  colored do 1  25 

Of  cotton,  plain  or  embroidered,  colored . do 30 

Cloaks: 

Of  beaver,  for  ladies,  of  every  qnality ..per  docen..  8  00 

Of  beaver,  for  children,  of  every  qnality do 3  00 

Capers — - per  12  pots..  20 

Capsules,  for  jars per  dozen..  25 

Carrots  in banels per  barrel..  60 

Cart-board,  cut  for  hats per  dooen..  60 

Cartoons,  for  offices — do 1  00 

Charts: 

Marine  or  geographical,  detached,  mounted  on  linen,  varnished,  over  48 

inches  in  width . 25 

Same  as  above,  under  48  inches  in  width 12 

Cassocks,  for  husbandmen perdosen..  50 

Caps: 

Of  doth,  with  lace  orplaits,  richly  embroidered  ornot,  for  men do 3  00 

Plain  ordinary ,  or  of  leather,  for  men do 1  50 

Rich,  for  children do 2  00 

Ordinary  and  common,  for  children do 50 

Chains: 

For  surveyors each..  60 

Of  iron,  other  than  for  cables per  pound..  2 

Safety,  of  gilt  brass,  for  watches per  dozen..  50 

Safety,  of  steel,  for  watches do 25 

Small,  of  brass do 10 

Chairs: 

With  or  without  arm-chairs,  of  painted  or  varnished  wood,  gilt  or  not, 

wooden,  cane,  or  fine  straw  bottoms per  dozen..  4  00 

And  arm-chaii8  of  various  wood,  provided  and  covered  vrith  horse-hair, 

or  morocco — per  dozen..  8  00 

And  rockers,  pierced do 5  00 

Ordinary,  with  straw  or  wooden  bottoms do 1  75 

Small,  for  children,  with  steps,  fine... do 2  50 

Small,  for  children,  with  steps,  ordinary do 1  20 

And  arm-chairs  for  children,  fine do 2  50 

And  arm-chairs  for  children,  pierced,  fine do 1  25 

And  arm-chairs  for  children,  pierced,  ordinaiy do 75 

Candlesticks: 

Of  silver  of  every  form  and  size ---- per  marc..  1  50 

With  several  branches  of  gilt  brass,  or  silver-plated per  pair. .  1  00 

Simple,  of  gilt,  brass,  or  silver-plated,  10  inches  and  above  in  size.do 60 

Same  as  above,  below  10  inches  in  size do 25 

Of  pure  copper,  of  every  form  and  size. do 12 

Of  crystal ...do 50 

Of  glass do 30 

Of  tin... _ .per  dozen..  1  00 

Plain,  of  gilded  copper,  or  silver-plated,  from  6  to  10  inches ..  .per  poar..  25 

Same  as  above,  under  10  inches -. do 12 

Chaplets: 

Ofwood per  gross..  20 

Of  cocoanut  wood .... per  dozen..  6 

Of  glass do 10 

Coal: 

In  hogsheads per  hogshead..  1  00 

Inbanrels per  barrel..  20 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  495 

Carta: 

Not  mounted,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Chocolate per  pound..  $0  20 

Chemises: 

For  women,  of  camhric  or  fine  linen,  embroidered each. .  1  00 

For  women,  of  cambric,  or  fine  linen,  plain do 75 

For  women,  of  cambric,  or  mnslin,  embroidered  or  plain do 50 

Cherry  cordial ..per  dozen  bottles..  1  00 

Do.inliterB  _ perdozen..  150 

Ciborinms,  of  brans,  coated  with  silver,  or  plated each..  1  00 

Cider: 

In  barrels per  barrel  of  60  gallons..  2  00 

In  hogsheads ...per  hogshead..  1  00 

In  bottles per  dozen..  25 

Cement: 

In  hogsheads per  hogshead..  1  00 

In  barrels per  barrel..  25 

Clarinets: 

With  silver  keys each..  2  75 

With  brass  keys ^^ do 1  00 

Cockades: 

Assorted,  of  silk do 10 

Of  varnished  leather per  hundred..  10 

Caskets each..  4  00 

Coat-collars: 

With  ornaments  and  coat  of  arms,  embroidered  for  generals  or  high  offi- 
cials  each  trimming..  2  00 

Same  as  above,  embroidep^lpUi  doth  or  velvet,  for  health  officers  or  admin- 
istrators  each  trimming..  1  00 

Collars: 

Forshirts per  dozen..  60 

Of  every  quality do 1  00 

Compasses:* 

For  ships • .- each..  50 

Of  iron  or  brass,  for  carpenters perdozen..  40 

For  shoemakers do 75 

Of  crystal perpair..  75 

Of  glass do 37 

Consoles,  of  iron,  for  bedsteads,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Cordage,  assorted ^ ...per  hundred-weight..  1  50 

Cotton-twist: 

For  dresses. - per  pound..  10 

Of  thread  for  shakos -- -^ per  dozen..  75 

Or  twist  of  wool  for  shakos per  12  ells..  3 

Corsets,  for  women per  dozen..  2  00 

Cosmoramas,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

♦Cotton: 

Gray  and  white,  named  Madapolam — 

Under  24  inches per  ell..  .       1 

Of24  to  30  inches... do 1} 

Over  30  to  36  inches do 2 

Over  36  to  42  inches _ do 2i 

Of  42  to  50  inches do 3 

Of  50  to  00  inches do 03} 

Gray  and  white,  fine  linen  cotton  of  30  inches  and  under do 4 

Common,  of  30  inches  and  under do 3 

Cushions,  of  hide each..  25 

Covers: 

For  holsters,  of  tiger  or  bear  skin,  without  lace do 50 

Of  brass  wire  or  composition,  lor  dishes perdozen..  50 

Crape: 

Wide per  ell-.  6 

Narrow,  for  mourning do 4 

Crucibles perset..  26 

Crystal,  other  than  that  denominated,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

*Thua  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 1889. 


496         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Croeses  or  crucifixes  of  brass: 

Small - per  hundred.. 

Large do 

Cruppers ._ per  dozen.. 

Copper per  hundred  weight.. 

Cylinders: 

Of  glass,  for  clocks  with  flowers each.. 

Of  iron,  or  rollers  for  mills per  hundred  weight.. 

Small,  for  saints per  dozen.. 

Cloth: 

Fine,  ordinary,  of  4-4  and  over per  ell.. 

Common,  over  4-4  wide do 

Common,  4-4  and  under do 

Of  serge,  or  wool  and  silk,  and  colored  material  for  vests do 

Canopies,  or  masonic  thrones,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Currycombs per  dozen.. 

Cases: 

For  dressmakers,  in  mother-of-jiearl  or  ivory do 

Of  mathematical  instruments each 

Of  wood  or  bone per  dozen.. 

Of  paper per  hundred.. 

Of  pasteboard,  vrith  empty  flasks  for  holding  marking-in]LB...doz.  cases.. 

Crockery: 

Per  crate  of  from  1  to  3  feet  in  length  by  1  to  3  wide each.. 

Per  crate  of  from  3  to  5  feet  in  length  by  1  to  3  wide ..do.. 

Per  crate  above  the  dimensions  here  above,  see  article  24,  third  para- 
graph. 
In  hogsheads  or  in  tierces each.. 

Cart-whips per  dozen- 
Cheese  of  every  quality : per  pound.. 

Casks - ..each.. 

Cartridge-boxes: 

For  officers,  with  cross-belts  of  gold  or  silver  lace do 

With  cross-belts  of  embroidered  morocco ...1 do 

With  cross-belts  of  embroidered  morocco  or  plain do 

With  cross-belts  of  plain  or  varnished  leather do 

For  troops,  with  cross-belts  of  buffiUo per  dozen.. 

Cloves per  pound-. 

Curb-chains,  for  bridles per  dozen.. 

Canary-bird  seed i .— per  100  pounds.. 

Cherry  brandy  and  ratafia  _ per  12  bottles.. 

Do : per  12  half  bottles-. 

Do in  liters,  per  dozen.. 

Clocks: 

Of  wood,  for  ante-rooms  or  kitchens,  with  chains  and  weights each  .  .  60 

For  houses,  churches,  &&,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Castor-oil: 

Clarified _ - per  bottle..  16 

Clarified pergallon..  64 

Clasp-knives: 

With  several  blades,  fine per  dozen..  60 

With  one  blade,  fine -.   do 16 

With  one  blade,  common do 8 

Counters,  20  per  cent,  ad  vidorem. 

Chin-straps: 

For  helmets  or  shakos  of  officers,  detached per  pair..  8 

For  helmets  or  shakos  of  troops per  dozen  pairs. .  30 

Codfish  tongues,  in  small  barrels  or  in  jars each-.  12 

Cork,  inleaf- per  thousand..      3  00 

Chandeliers,  with  rings  or  crystals,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Carcel  lamps  of  every  quality .- each..      2  00 

Chestnuts per  barrel..  75 

Codfish,  dried  salt  codfish  and  haddock per  hundred-weight. .  40 

Combs: 

Of  gilt  brass,  mounted  with  imitation  stones per  dozen..      7  00 

Of  tortoise  shell,  for  ladies do 4  00 

Of  horn,  for  ladies —do 1  00 


>0  25 

50 

2  00 

1  00 

50 

50 

50 

60 

30 

18 

16 

30 

30 

50 

8 

25 

25 

2  00 

4  00 

5  00 

4  00 

2 

25 

1  50 

75 

40 

20 

2  00 

9 

18 

1  00 

1  00 

50 

1  50 

TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  497 

Cotton plnsh,  fbr  hats perell..  10  06 

Cambric-miisliii : 

Fine  and  ordinanr,  of  30  inches  and  under do 6 

Very  common,  of  30  inches  and  under . do 4 

Camlet,  of  30  inches  and  under . do 5 

Caps,  for  drain-pipes  of  sailing  vessels . per  gross..  40 

Clothes-racks: 

Of  wood. each..  10 

Of  iron  or  copper do 16 

Cruets  of  wood  or  pcunted  tin,  without  decanters ;..do 15 

Canopies  of  brass,  20  percent,  ad  valorem. 

Copying-presses each..  1  00 

Chafing-dishes: 

Of  earthenware,  with  iron  hoops do 15 

Of  iron do 25 

Curtains: 

Of  silk per  dozen..  2  00 

Of  muslin do 1  00 

Cocks: 

Of  brass  for  large  pieces,  fi)r  (arge  pans,  casks per  pound..  3 

Of  lead  for  large  pieces,  for  large  pans,  casks do 2 

Carriage  wheels  and  those  of  carts  or  wagons per  pair..  2  00 

Casters: 

Of  brass per  dozen..  40 

Of  iron do 25 

Cavalry-swords  for  troops.    Free  of  duty. 

Carpets  for  rooms  or  parlors each..  7  00 

Carpenters' hatchets per  dozen..  1  00 

Corkscrewb do 40 

Cotton-velvet percll..  8 

Carriages: 

CMches  and  calashes each..  10  00 

Gigs  and  quitteriness do 5  00 

Pleasure  carts  and  tilburys do 5  00 

For  children,  with  springs do 50 

Cowhide  whips per  dozen..  25 

Clapboards.. per  thousand..  75 

Cow-skins,  of  various  sorts each..  64 

Calf-skins: 

Varnished  for  covering  holsters per  dozen..  3  00 

Glazed do 2  00 

Cache-peignes,  or  garniture  of  combs,  with  imitation  stones each. .  75 

Cushions,  small,  for  portemanteaus per  dozen..  2  00 

♦Creas: 

Morlaix  of  thread,  and  thread  and  cotton,  under  26  inches per  ell . .  3 

Morlaix  of  thread,  and  thread  and  cotton,  of  26  inches  and  over do 4 

Morlaix  of  pure  cotton,  under  26  inches do 2 

Morlaix  of  cotton,  of  26  to  32  inches do 2} 

Calanderie,  real,  of  30  inches  and  under do 12 

Calemande: 

Double,  of  30  inches  and  under do 12 

Single,  of  30  inches  and  under do 6 

Calenkart  (painted  cloth  of  India)  of  30  inches  and  under do 6 

Canevettes,  of    ordinary   size,    provided   with  decanters,  gilt  or  not  gilt, 

empty , each..  1  00 

Cannigues,  of  marble per  hundred..  25 

Combourg,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  3 

Couleuvres: 

Of  copper,  without  alambics per  hundred-weight..  3  00 

Of  pewter,  without  alambics do 2  00 

Croudes: 

White,  assorted,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  3 

Gray,  assorted,  of  30  inches  and  under do 9 

Carnation  (cotton) per  pound-^  20 

•Thus  modified  by  the  law  of  July  ao,  1809. 

1784  CONG— A  P 32 


498  TARIFFS   OF   THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Carpet-flacks  and  traveling-bagB: 

Of  rich  material each..  $0  75 

Of  common  material do 25 

*Cambray,  real  or  cambrafliiie,  of  30  IncheB  and  onder per  ell..  03 

♦Cigars _ per  hundred..  1  00 

'Cigar-cases  of  every  sort — per  dozen..  25 

Cigar-holders do 20 

Dimity: 

Ribbed,  figured,  fine,  of  24  inches  or  under per  ell..  6 

Ribbed,  figured,  ordinary,  of  24  inches  or  under do 4 

Ribbed,  figured,  ordinary,  and  narrow do 3 

Colored,  with  stripes,  34  inches  in  width do 5 

Colored,  narrow,  under  24  inches — do 3 

Desks: 

Writing,  of  mahogany  or  choice  wood each..  8  00 

Writing,  of  oak  or  common  wood do 4  00 

.Drawers:    / 

Woolen .._ — — each..  25 

Cotton do 12 

Decanters: 

For  oil  or  liquor  stands,  of  fine  glass per  pair..  12 

For  oil  or  liquor  s^nds,  of  crystal do 25 

Of  crystal do 50 

Of  fine  glass do 30 

Of  common  glass do 20 

Dice-boxes,  of  bone,  leather,  or  wood each..  50 

Door  fostenings,  of  iron,  large . per  dozen..  75 

Dreasing  cases: 

Of  mother-of-pearl,  with  their  contents,  for  ladies  and  gentlemen.. each..  2  50 

Rich,  of  mother-of-pearl,  with  their  contents do 6  00 

Of  mahogany  or  rare  wood . do 1  50 

Doll^  and  all  children  toys,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Dolls,  fine,  and  all  children  toys,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 


Made  up,  of  every  sort  and  for  every  age - each..  3  00 

In  patterns  of  lace  and  lawn,  firom  5  to  10  ells do 2  00 

In  patterns  of  muslin,  from  5  to  10  ells do 1  00 

Dutch  ovens  of  tin,  with  ^irits  and  dripping  pans each..  1  00 

tDrill: 

Fine  and  duck,  of  thread  or  thread  and  cotton  (union),  of  30  inches  and 

under 7 

Ordinary,  of  thread  or  cotton,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell. .  6 

Common,  of  thread  or  cotton,  of  30  inches  and  under do 4 

Of  pure  cotton,  fine,  of  30  inches  and  under do 4 

Of  cotton,  ordinary,  of  30  inches  and  under do 3 

Blue,  of  cotton,  called  denims,  of  22  inches  and  under do 2 

Blue,  of  cotton,  called  denims,  of  22  to  30  inches do 2) 

Blue,  of  cotton,  called  denims,  over  30  to  36  inches do 3 

Of  thread,  or  thread  and  cotton,  fix>m  4  to  f  wide do 9 

Of  thread,  or  thread  and  cotton,  under  J  wide  ._' do 5 

Of  pure  cotton  of  4  to  }  wide do 4 

Of  pure  cotton  under  J  wide do 4 

Demijohns: 

Empty,  small,  from  1  to  3  gallons each..  4 

Empty,  over  3  gallons _ - do 6 

Filled  with  vegetables 1 do 25 

Draught-boards,  plated: 

Of  ivory  or  ebony do 2  00 

Of  ordinary  wood _ do 25 

Ordinary,  small,  of  1  foot  square  and  under do 10 

Dice per  dozen.-  50 

Dolmans,  assorted,  with  gold  or  silver  lace each..  10  00 

Dominoes  (game  of) do 10 

Drums  for  children __ .j per  dozen 60 

*ModiAed  by  law  of  October  6, 1881 :  to  take  effect  January  1, 1882. 
fThus  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 1859. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  499 

Damasks,  cotton  cloth: 

Under  |  per  ell |0  06 

AboYe  I  (see  article  24,  third  paragraph).  • 

Beer-skins  or  chamois  skins each..  30 

DMr^s  for  dresses,  of  30  inches  and  nnder., perell..  5 

Digdales,  empty each..  2 

£an  de  Cologne: 

Per  12  bottles. -  12 

In  large  sqnare  flasks per  docen..  25 

In  half-bottles do 40 

Eschalots - . perbonch..  5 

Envelopes per  hundred-.  12 

Epaulets: 

Of  fine  gold  for  snperior  officers perp9ir..  2  00 

Of  fine  silver  for  saperior  officers do 1  50 

Of  imitation  gold  or  silver  for  snperior  officers do 1  50 

Of  fine  gold  for  inferior  officers 1  50 

Offii&esilver  for  inferior  officers ^ 1  25 

Of  imitation  gold  or  silver  for  inferior  officers .' do 1  00 

Silks per  dozen..  1  25 

Of  thread,  wool,  or  cotton . do 75 

Essence: 

Of  clove,  vanilla,  and  like  sort per  bottle..  00 

Ofperfomes,  in  small  crystal  vials each..  10 

Of  soap,  in  small  vials  - per  dozen..  50 

Engravings,  other  than  those  prohibited  (20  per  cent,  ad  valorem). 

Enters,  for  offices  and  counting-rooms per  dozen..  50 

EhgrovingB,  small  and  common,  without  jEhimes,  other  than  those  prohibited, 

per  dooen 12 

Eye-glasses: 

Mounted  in  gold each..  30 

Mounted  in  Mlver — — do 20 

Mounted  in  tortoise  shell perdoaen..  90 

Mounted  in  ^It,  brass,  or  silver-plated do 75 

Mounted  in  iron do 30 

Earthenware - per  dozen  pieces..  12 

Earthen  molds,  for  sugar each—  4 

Elastic  bands,  for  arm  sleeves  of  doth,  ad  valorem. 

Estoupilles,  of  every  quality perell..  6 

Frames,  gilt  or  not,  of  evevy  dimension,  for  pictures  or  minors,  20  per  cent,  ad 
valorem. 

Fruits  (of  Chamberry) per  barrel..  50 

Framework,  not  mounted,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Ferrules: 

Osst,  gilt,  or  silver  plated :. per  pair..  6 

Cast,  ordinary,  and  common do 3 

Funnels: 

Of  copper - each..  15^ 

Of  tin - do 6 

Fans: 

Fine,  of  silk  stuffy  spangled,  or  of  ivoiy  detailed,  moulited  on  ivoiy 2  00 

Ordinary,  of  common  stuff,  or   of  spangled  paper,    mounted  on    fine 

wood per  dozen.-  75 

Common,  of  painted  pc^r,  not  spangled,  mounted  on  common  wood,  or  on 

bone per  dozen..  12 

♦Flour: 

Com per  barrel..  1  00 

Wheat do 1  00 

Rye do 1  00 

Festoons,  embroidered  of  muslin perell—  3 

Fifes: 

Mounted  with  silver each..  30 

Ordinary per  dozen..  60 

Flageolets do 25 

Figs,  in  small  barrels,  cases,  or  baskets... each..  25 

•  Thus  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 1850. 


500         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Fleams,  for  bleediog  lioises: 

With  several  blades each.. 

Single » . per  dozen.. 

Flannel,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell__ 

Foils,  mounted  or  not the  12  foils.. 

Flowers: 

Artificial,  in  bouquets,  with  porcelain  pots  and  covers each  pot.. 

Same,  with  porcelain  pots,  and  without  covers per  pot 

Same,  in  cases  of  12  bouquets per  case.. 

Same,  in  bouquets u each  bouquet- . 

Same,  spangled,  in  garlands each  garland.. 

Flutes: 

With  6  to  8  keys each  flute.. 

Ordinary per  dozen.. 

Fountains,  of  tin  or  earthenware each.. 

Fringe: 

OfsUk per  ell.. 

Of  imitation  lace do 

Ofeotton do 

Of  imitation  gold  or  silver do 

Of  gold  or  silver do 

Flax-seed per  hundred  pounds.. 

Fish-hooks,  assorted ..per  M.. 

Fishing-lines,  with  floaters per  pound.- 

Fruits: 

Dried,  of  every  quality . per  pound.. 

In  brandy per  12  bottles.. 

Preserved  in  vinegar do 

Imitation,  in  marble per  dozen.. 

In  brandy,  in  glass  bowls each.. 

Fowling-pieces: 

Fine  silver-plated,  or  not,  double-barreled,  with  or  without  case each.. 

Same,  single-barreled,  with  or  without  case do 

Same,  ordinary  double-barreled do 

Same,  ordinary  single-barreled l-.do 

Files  assorted per  dozen.. 

Fine  combs: 

Of  tortise  shell,  small - — do 

Of  horn,  divers,  common do 

Feathers,  of  all  colors,  for  hats,  three  feathers  to  the  set per  dozen  sets.. 

Frying-pans,  and  earthen  sauce-pans,  for  kitchens per  dozen.. 

Fish-kettles: 

Of  brass per  pound.. 

Of  tin - each.. 

Flowerpots,  of  porcelain — per  pair.. 

Frock  coats: 

Of  flue  cloth-- each.. 

Of  ordinary  cloths  and  various  stufb do 

Foot- stools per  dozen.. 

Flat  bolts: 

Of  brass per  dozen.. 

Of  iron do 

Frills,  of  lace,  thread,  or  silk,  cambric,  embroidered,  &c per  dozen.. 

Filtering  stones each.. 

Fluting-irons per  dozen.. 

Garlic,  per  bunch,  or  in  bulk per  hundred  weight.. 

Grosfort,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell.. 

Glove-openers . per  dozen.. 

Grooving-planes . per  dozen  pairs.. 

Game-b^  .per  dozen.. 

*Glue per  pound.. 

Geese-legs per  pot.. 

Gauges  or  areometers ...each.. 

€k)ld  lace: 

Fine,  over  18  lines per  ell—      1  60 

*ThuB  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20,1860. 


$0  12 

30 

& 

75 

2  00 

1  00 

3  00 

30 

60 

1  50 

3  00 

30 

6 

3 

2 

10 

20 

1  00 

50 

4 

2 

50 

30 

15 

50 

6  00 

3  50 

1  50 

1  00 

30 

50 

25 

75 

1  50 

10 

20 

50 

3  00 

2  50 

1  50 

1  00 

50 

3  00 

75 

1  25 

2  00 

3 

1  00 

1  00 

2  00 

4 

60 

15 

TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  501 

Cold  lace — Continaed. 

Fine,  over  12  to  18  lines per  ell—  $0  80 

Fine,  under  12  lines do 40 

Gloves: 

Of  skin,  for  men _ per  dozen..  1  50 

Of  skin,  ordinary,  for  men  and  women do 1  00 

Of  fine  kid,  for  women,  long  for  arms do 1  75 

Of  silk,  fbrmen  and  women . ..do 50 

Of  wool,  thread,  or  cotton do 40 

For  women,  lined do 1  25 

Ganze: 

Of  silk  and  thread,  with  ^old  or  silver,  for  dresses per  ell..  20 

Of  silk,  plain,  for  dresses do 10 

Of  cotton,  of  30  inches  and  under do 6 

Gin: 

In  casks  of  60  gallons  or  less per  gallon..  25 

In  cases  holding  12  flasks per  case..  76 

In  jugs  or  jars  of  a  pint  and  a  half per  dozen  jugs  or  jars..  75 

In  jugs  or  jars  of  a  pint per  dozen..  50 

Globes  or  geographical  spheres each..  50 

Globes  for  parlors: 

Hung  on  chains 1 do 2  00 

Without  mountings do 1  00 

Gum-lac,  gum-arabic,  &c.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Gouges,  assorted,  for  carpenters per  dozen 30 

Garden  seed,  free  of  duty. 

Gazoflenes,  or  apparatus  for  making  gaseous  waters each..  1  00 

Grapnometers: 

With  passes  or  spy-glasses , do 1  00 

jingle  alidades do 75 

Grenades  (projectiles),  free  of  duty. 

Grates,  for  kitchens perdozen..  1  00 

Gaiters: 

White  or  colored... do 50 

Of  cloth do 1  00 

Ginghams: 

From  20  to  25  inches - per  ell..  2 

From  25  to  30  inches do 3 

From  30  to  35  inches - do— ..  4 

From  35  to  40  inches  and  under do 6 

Of  ladia,  real,  light,  colored,  common,  of  30  inches  and  under do 3 

Guitars... - each..  1  00 

Garments: 

Of  fine  doth,  plain,  ready  made do 3  00 

Ordinary  cloth do 2  50 

Of  divers  cloth  for  children do 2  00 

Embroidered  in  fine  gold do -  6  00 

Of  fine  cloth  embroidered  in  fine  silver do 3  00 

Of  divers  cloth,  cut  and  not  sewn do -  2  50 

Ready  made,  for  children do 1  00 

Gorgets do 25 

Garters  of  skin,  or  divers  stufb per  dozen  pairs..  50 

Grindstones,  assorted each..  25 

Glass  dishes ^ perdozen..  75 

Goose-qnUlB,  writing,  and  tooth-picks ^ per  thousand..  30 

Gunpowder.. ..per  pound..  6 

Girths: 

Made  np each..  25 

In  piece per  ell..  3 

CJamets: 

Imitation  (see  Glass  necklaces). 

Fine,  of  every  quality,  per  string  of  12  rows the  string..  1  00 

Glasses  or  goblets  of  crystal : 

Cut,  with  stand,  cover,  or  case each..  *  25 

Blown,  withstand,  cover,  or  case do 25 

Cut,  without  stand,  witii  cover ...do 25 

Blown,  without  stand,  with  cover '. -.do 26 

Note. — Same  as  above,  without  cases  or  covers,  shall  pay  like  duties. 


502  TARIFFS   OF  THE  SBYERAL  COUNTRIES. 

t 

Glasses  or  goblets,  of  fine  glass: 

Cat  or  engraved,  withstand « ^..perdozen.. 

Cat  or  engraved,  withont  stand do 

Glasses  or  goblets,  or  fine  glass: 

Blown  or  molded,  with  stand - do 

Blown  or  molded,  without  stand do 

Cat,  engraved,  or  blown,  with  or  withont  stands,  with  cases  or  covers, 

large each — 

Glass,  same  as  above,  medinm  size do 

^Glass: 

For  liqnor  or  dessert,  of  crystal,  cat,  with  sta9d per  dozen.. 

For  liqnor  or  dessert,  of  crystal,  cat,  withoat  stand do 

For  liquor  (glass),  blown,  with  or  withoat  stand do 

For  liqnor,  crystal,  blown,  with  stand do 

For  liqnor  or  dessert,  of  glass,  cat,  with  or  withoat  stand do 

For  champagne,  of  crystal do 

For  champagne,  of  glass j_--do 

Common,  of  every  size do 

For  lamps - - -do 

For  watches per  groes.- 

For  eye-glasses,  ordinary  or  colored .do 

For  d^deliers,  of  glassor  crystal,  with  ferrales per  pair.. 

For  chandelieiB,  of  glass,  with  ferrales « do 

For  chandeliers do 

Glass  covers: 

Chiseled per  pair.. 

Plain do 

Gimlets,  assorted jjer  dozen.. 

Gnn-flints per  thousand.. 

Goat-skins,  glazed... . . per  dozen.. 

Gold,  burnt.    Free  of  duty. 

Galettes,  of  felt,  ibr  hats per  thousand.. 

*Hooks  and  eyes  of  every  sort per  12  small  boxes  of  &  to  42  pairs.. 

Holy-water  basins,  of  metal per  dozen.. 

Hats: 

Of  bearskin,  for  sappers each.. 

Of  black  silk,  for  men ..... per  dozen.. 

Of  black  silk  and  cotton,  for  men do 

Cocked,  with  silver  or  gold  lace each.. 

Cocked,  of  silk,  with  plumes  and  plush,  for  superior  offioen do 

Cocked,  with  silk  trimmingB  and  plush,  ior  inferiors ^ do 

Turned  up,  fine ...per  dozen.. 

Turned  up,  ordinary do 

Turned  up,  woolen,  for  soldiers do 

Round,  fine,  of  felt  or  silk,  for  men  or  women do 

Round,  ordinaiy,  of  felt,  silk,  or  cotton,  for  men  or  women do 

Round,  common,  wool  or  cotton,  for  men  or  women do 

Round,  for  adults,  fine,  felt  or  silk do 

Round,  for  adults,  ordinary,  felt,  silk,  or  cotton do 

Round,  for  adults,  common,  wool  or  cotton . do 

Round,  straw,  Panama  or  Maracaibo do 

Round,  straw,  for  children,  fine,  not  trimmed do 

Round,  for  children,  ordinary do 

Round,  for  children,  of  straw  or  osier ^ do 

Round,  for  ladies,  trimmed  with  feathers,  flowers,  or  lace do 

Round,  for  children,  same  as  above .* do 

Leghorn,  fine,  for  men do . 

Leghorn,  fine,  for  children. do 

Hat-boxes :..! ' per  dozen.. 

Helmets: 

Gilt  or  silver-plated,  for  officers.. each.. 

For  soldiers per  dozen.. 

Forsoldiers,  ordinary,  adorned each.. 

Hogsheads  (see  Casks). 

Hogsheads,  empty do 25 

*  Thus  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 1899. 


10  75 

50 

0  50 

50 

25 

12 

25 

15 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

2  50 

1  50 

1  50 

50 

25 

1  50 

50 

25 

25 

^50 

1  50 

6 

50 

50 

50 

50 

8  00 

4  00 

2  00 

9  00 

5  00 

2  75 

5  00 

3  00 

2  00 

4  00 

2  00 

1  50 

3  00 

2  00 

75 

60 

8  00 

3  00 

2  50 

2  00 

75 

2  00 

3  00 

1  00 

TABIFFS  OF  THE  BEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  503 

Hinges: 

Of  brasB ^ per  dozen..  |0  2S 

Of  iron do 12 

Horses  fstal lions).    Free  of  duty. 

Horses  (geldings  or  cat).    Free  of  dnty. 

Hair  (tuftsof) do 50 

Hogs,  live.    Free  of  duty. 

Hunting-horns  (instruments) each..  2  OO 

Hinges: 

Of  iron,  square,  firom  2  to  6  inches per  12  pairs..  40 

Of  iron,  square,  from  7  to  12  inches . do 76 

Of  iron,  square,  fiom  13  inches  and  over do 1  00 

Of  brass,  square do 6^ 

Hunting-knives each..  2  W 

Horse-hair per  pound..  1 

Hooks: 

Of  brass,  under  6  inches per  dozen..  25 

Of  brass,  of  6  to  12  inches do 76 

Of  iron,  under  6  inches do 10 

Of  iron,  ftx)m  6  to  12  inches do 40 

Of  brass,  of  13  inches  and  above do 1  60 

Of  iron,  of  13  inches  and  above do 60 

For  boots per  pair..  5 

Hides,  tanned per  dozen..  2  00 

Hand-vises: 

Large . per  hundred-weight..  50 

Small,  forjewelers per  dozen..  1  00 

Horsehair  stuflb  for  sofiis per  ell..  25 

Hoiseshoes the  4  shoes..  8 

Hoop-iron .. per  hundred-weij^t..  75 

Hoop-wood per  thousand..  1  50 

Hooks: 

Of  copper  for  wardrobes per  dozen..  80 

Of  iron  for  wardrobes do 40 

Hay 1 per  We..  30 

Holsters: 

Fine,  with  coven  of  bear  or  tiger  skin,  gold  or  silver  lace,  with  plated  or 

cast  ferrules... perpair..  3  50 

Fine,  without  covers,  with  plated  fiurrules... do 1  50 

Common,  ordinary,  without  ferrules,  with  leather  coverings do 1  25 

Horsewhips: 

Fine dozen..  2  50 

Common do 1  50 

Hatchets,  for  roof  ooverers do 73 

ELammocks: 

Of  silk each.-  3  00 

Of  cotton,  damasked  and  knitted do 1  OO 

Plain do 50 

Herrings: 

Salted  or  in  pickle . I per  barrd..  50 

Smoked  in  one-fourth,  one-eightii,  or  in  boxes each..  6 

Harness  for  carriages  and  carts,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Harps »^ each..  10  00 

Herses  (instruments  of  husbandry).    Free  of  duty. 

Hour-glasses : per  dozen..  75 

Hoes do 25 

Housing: 

With  gold  lace each 5  OO 

With  silver  lace do 3  OO 

Ofsilkand  thread,  embroidered  or  not,  colored do 1  50 

Of  cotton,  plain  and  not  embroidered,  colored do 30 

Hams per  pound-.  2 

Halters  of  leather,  for  horses each..  25 

Hammers,  assorted . per  dozen..  40 

Honey . per  bottle..  4 

Howitzers  (artillery).    Free  of  duty. 

Hinges  and  bands  of  oop^ per  pound..  8 


504         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES 

Hingeeand  bands  of  iron,  aasorted per  12paii8 $100 

Hydrometers per  dozen..  30 

Hoops  for  saddles: 

Of  gilt,  copper,  or  silver-plated per  foot..  2 

Of  pure  copper do 1 

^andles  of  copper,  glass,  or  crystal,  for  tables per  dozen  pairs..  75 

Hnnting  powder per  poond..  12 

Hydraalic  presses.     Freeofdnty. 
Bat-racks,  ad  valorem. 

Harmonicas  (instruments  of  mnsic) each..  25 

Handles  for  awls per  gross..  60 

Hones eadi..  3 

Hat-linings perdosen..  fi5 

Hog-skins.. do 3  00 

Horse-hides,  glazed each..  30 

♦Handkerchiefs: 

Of  cotton... perdosen..  30 

Of  real  Madras. _ per  pieceof  Shandkerchieft..  1  00 

Of  Paliacate  and  Masulipatam  cambric,  real do 1  00 

'''^Madras,  Paliacate,  Masulipatam  style per  dozen..  30 

Of  thread,  various  patterns,  col'd  or  striped,  f  wldeand  under do 75 

Same  as  above,  under  } do 60 

Of  thread,  fine,  white,  or  i  and  above do 1  00 

Of  thread,  common,  white,  of  i  and  above.. do 60 

♦Blue,  called  imitation  Romal,  thick do 15 

*0f  printed  calico,  narrow,  common ". do 20 

*0f  organdy,  white  and  colored do 37 

*0f  cotton,  fine,  for  pocket... do 50 

*0f  muslin,  ordinary  cotton,  narrow,  white  or  colored do 20 

.  *0f  fine  muslin,  white  and  colored do 60 

*Ofordinaiy# muslin,  white  and  colored do....  50 

^Of  common  muslin,  white  and  colored do 30 

Of  cambric  muslin,  embroidered do 1  50 

Of  cambric,  embroidered,  of  }  and  above do 6  00 

Of  cambric,  embroidered,  under} do 4  00 

Of  cambric,  printed  or  festooned do 3  00 

Of  cambric,  printed ,  without  being  festooned,  for  head- wear do 2  00 

Of  cambric,  printed,  for  pocket — do 1  50 

Of  cambric,  plain,  in  pieces  of  }  and  above do 2  00 

Of  cambric,  plain,  in  pieces  under  | ^ do 1  50 

Of  silk,  black,  over  J do 2  00 

Of  silk,  black,  under  J do 1  00 

Of  silk,  colored,  for  pocket do 2  00 

Health-pills  in  boxes per  box..  8 

Headsof  stills  without  boilers per  hundred-weight..  3  00 

Hand-saws  assorted per  dozen..  2  00 

Household  twist,  white  and  unbleached,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  3 

Iron  safes each..  8  00 

Isinglass • per  pound..  5 

In^tands: 

Of  metal  or  porcelain each..  6 

Common... per  dozen..  40 

Incense .» ' pound..  2 

Ink: 

In  powder  or  in  small  jugs per  dozen—  20 

In  bottles  or  in  large  jugs... do 75 

In  half  bottles  or  in  half  jugs do 37 

Red,  in  small  flasks do 12 

For  marking  clothes per  case..  12 

Iron: 

In  bars per  hundred-weight.-  60 

In  blocks  or  plates .. do 50 

Ironing-irons per  dozen  pairs..  1  00 

Imitation  gold  and  silver  lace: 

Over  18  lines per  ell..  1  00 

From  12  to  18  lines do— j.  50 

Under  12  lines do 30 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  505 

Iron  railings  for  gates  or  balconies per  hnndred- weight..  $3  00 

*Indigo per  pound--  10 

Images: 

Assorted,  other  than  those  prohibited per  hundred..  50 

Framed,  small,  same  as  above do 1  00 

Under  glass  and  cover,  same  as  above do 50 

Instruments : 

Of  surgery,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem 

For  military  music the  set..  20  00 

Ivory: 

Objects  of  ivory  not  provided  for,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Rough  or  elephant^s  tusks per  pound.-  06 

Impermeable  paper per  ream..  40 

Ironmongery  not  foreseen,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

InkstancU  empty,  of  every  size ' per  hundred..  40 

Jewelry: 

Imitation,  not  foreseen,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Fine,  not  foreseen,  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Jugs per  dozen..  1  00 

Jointing-planes do 25 

Juniper-grain per  pound. .  3 

Jaconet,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  6 

Jars,  assorted each,--  50 

Jewsharps,  of  iron per  gross..  60 

Jointing-planes: 

With  irons per  dozen. .~  1  50 

Without  irons j.do 1  00 

Kids,  live.    Free  of  duty. 

Kitchen  utensils: 

Ot  brass per  hundred-weight..  12  00 

Of  sheet-iron  or  of  wroughtriron do 100 

Kettles: 

Of  brass .'.each..  20 

Of  pinchbeck  or  tin do 8 

Of  iron  or  cast-iron per  hundred- weight..  75 

Of  tin  or  sheet-iron — do 1  12 

Kerseymere, 

CMTpure  wool,  twilled,  over  4  quarters per  ell..  25 

Of  pure  wool,  twilled,  under  4  quarters :. do 15 

Of  wool  and  cotton,  twilled,  above  4  quarters do 20 

Of  wool  and  cotton,  twilled,  under  4  quarters do 12 

Key-bugles each..  50 

Knives: 

Ordinary,  for  table,  without  forks per  dozen..  50 

Ordinary,  for  table,  with  forks —do 1  00 

For  cutting  indigo do 50 

Fine,  for  table,  with  forks do 1  25 

Fine,  for  table,  without  forks do 75 

Common,  for  table,  without  forks , do 20 

Of  ivory,  or  bone,  or  paper ..do 25 

Large,  for  belt,  sfyled  flemish  (prohibited). 

Lai^  for  coopers perdozen..  75 

For  fhrriers do 1  00 

Kirsch-wasser: 

In  bottles do 1  00 

In  liters do 1  50 

Lining  for  hats  of  shot  silk do 50 

Lead-pencils: 

For  offices,  per  packs  of  12  pencils per  12  packs..  40 

Same  as  above,  perpacks  of  6  pencils do 20 

For  drawing  purposes per  gross..  25 

Leather  straps  for  spurs per  dozen..  15 

Lace: 

Of  thread  or  silk  in  pieces  for  dresses .— per  ell..  25 

Of  cotton  other  than  that  in  pieces do 16 

*  Thus  modified  bv  th«  law  of  Jolv  20. 1809. 


506         TAR19T8  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Laoe— Continaed. 

Entie^eax,  and  in  ribbons  of  silk  thread,  orer  4  inches  wide  ...per  ell..  |0  06 

Same,  over  3  np  to  4  inches  wide do ,  5 

Same,  of  1  to  3  inches do 3 

Same,  under  1  inch do 2 

Entre-denx,  in  ribbons  of  cotton,  firom  3  to  4  inches  wide do 3 

Same,  over  4  inches — _ do 5 

Same,  from  1  to  3  inches do 2 

Same,  under  1  inch do 1 

Of  fine  gold  or  silver,  assorted — do 40 

Of  imitation  gold  or  silver,  assorted do 8 

Lavender  water,  in  half  bottles each..  4 

Labels,  divers.. perhondred..  10 

Lanterns: 

Lai)i^  of  varnished  copper  or  silvea^plated... each..  25 

Small,  of  varnished  copper  or  silver-plated do 12 

Of  tin,  laige — do 18 

Of  tin,  small do 8 

Leaves  of  wood,  for  the  making  of  hat  boxes per  dosen  padcages..  2  00 

Looking-glasses,  gilt  or  not,  framed  or  not,  of  every  dimension  (other  than 

mirrors) per  sqnaxe  inch..  1 

Long  cloth: 

Bine,  (tf  30  inches  and  nnder per  ell..  3 

Red,  of  30  inchesand  nnder do 6 


Of  silk per  dosen..  8 

Of  thread  orootton do^ 6 

Lawn: 

Fine,  plain,  or  embroidered,  of  30  inches  and  nnder per  eU..  15 

Ordinary,  plain,  or  embroidered,  of  30  inches  and  nnder «.  .do 10 

Common,  plain,  or  embroidered,  of  30  indbesand  nnder «.do 6 

Of  cotton  or  ganze,  of  30  inches  and  nnder ..do 6 

Liquors: 

Of  absinthe per  case  of  12  bottles..  1  00 

Of  absinthe per  case  of  12  liters..  1  60 

Sweet,  of  every  quality ..per  12  bottles..  1  25 

Sweet,  of  every  quality per  12  liters..  1  60 

Sweet,  of  every  quality,  in  badcets  of  2  oompartanents per  basket. .  40 

Latches: 

Of  iron,  with  brass  handles per  dosen..  75 

Of  iron,  with  iron  handles do 25 

Loto  (game  of) each..  25 

Lenses  of  glass  for  the  eyes do 25 

Lard,  in  leaf  (bacon) perpound..  2 

*Lard ^ per  hundredweight..  1  00 

Lamp-black per  cornucopia..  1 

Lozenges,  divers ^ perpound..  6 

Lead: 

In  bars do 2 

In  pigi each..  1 

Liquor  stands  and  cruets: 

Plated,  fine,  with  crystal  decanters each..  2  25 

With  decanters  and  glasses do 1  00 

Leeches.     Free  of  duty. 
Locks: 

Of  brass,  over  6  inches  in  width each..  15 

Of  brass,  over  6  inches,  assorted per  dozen..  1  50 

Of  iron,  assorted  for  doors do 1  00 

Of  iron,  for  trunks  and  drawers do 25 

Of  iron,  mounted  on  wood do 76 

Leather  aprons each..  75 

Linen: 

Fine,  ordinary,  of  thread,  or  union,  for  shirts  of  every  make,  of  30  inches 

and  under ^ per  ell..  8 

Very  common,  same  as  above,  of  30  inches  and  under — 1 do 5 

*  Thus  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 18B9. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         507 

Linen — Continned. 

Above  the  dimensions  hereabove  (see  article  24,  third  paragraph],  gray, 
or  brown  Holland,  fine,  ordinary  of  every  make,  of  30  inches  and 

nnder perell..    |0  05 

Gray,  very  common,  of  eveiy  make,  of  30  inches  and  nnder .  .do 4 

Gray,  above  the  sizes  hereabove  (see  article  24,  third  paragraph). 

For  ^eets  of  }  to  J per  ell..  7 

For  sheets  above  }  up  to  f do 12 

Forsheetsof  } ..do 20 

For  sheets  above  }  (see  article  24,  third  paragraph). 

Damask,  white  or  colored,  }  in  width do 12 

Damask,  above  I  (see  article  24,  third  paragraph). 

Damask,  nnder  | ...do 8 

Dnck,  of  30  inches  and  nnder _-do 4 

Dnck,  above  30  inches  (see  article  24,  third  paragraph). 

Bagging,  off  width  and  nnder \ ....do 2 

Bagging,  above  f  (see  article  24,  third  paragraph). 

For  napkins,  of  cotton,  or  of  thread  and  cotton  of  30  inches  and  nnder, 

perell - 5 

For  napkins,  same,  over  30  indies  (see  article  24,  ttdrd  paragraph). 

For  table-cloths  of  cotton,  or  of  thread  and  cotton,  of  30  inches  and 

nnder. per  ell. .  7 

For  table-cloths,  same  as  above,  over  30  inches  (see  article  24,  third  para- 
graph). 

^Matches,  per  gross,  or  144  boxes 20 

Money: 

Coined.    Freeofdnty. 

Bnmed,  or  in  ingots.    Freer  of  dnty. 

False,  in  leaf. „ thb  100  leaves..         60 

Memorandum  books  (see  Books). 

Mushrooms,  dried i.perponnd..  12 

Masonic  decorations,  complete,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Molds: 

For  hate - .perdosen..      2  00 

For  shoes,  assorted per  dozen  pairs. .      3  00 

For  sugar each..  4 

Muskets,  with  or  without  bayonets.    Free  of  duty. 

Measures: 

Gallons  of  copper each..         40 

Gallons  of  tin do 16 

Mountings  for  coffins do 6  00 

Mares.    Free  of  dnty. 

Mattocks  of  iron per  dozen..  40 

Machines: 

For  pr^^Miring,  piealing,  and  winnowing  cotton,  and  others  for  saving  hand- 
labor,  or  for  ameliorating  the  products  of  the  ground.     Free  of  duty. 
For  cutting  corks,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Of  glass,  for  making  fire,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Madras: 

Real,  in  pieces,  for  dresses,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  8 

Imitation,  in  pieces,  for  dresses,  of  30  inches  and  under do 4 

Maize,  shelled per  barrel —      1  00 

Mandolines each..      1  00 

Machetes:  ^ 

With  bone  or  wooden  handles perdozen..  30 

Long,  with  or  without  hilts,  with  leather  scabbards do 1  00 

Mantles: 

Of  cloth,  with  gold  or  silver  lace each..      6  00 

Of  cloth,  flue,  plain do 2  50 

Ordinary  and  common do 2  00 

Mantillas: 

Of  silk,  for  ladies do....      2  00 

Of  silk,  for  young  girls do 1  25 

Of  lace  andmuslin do 75 

*Mac](erel... per  barrel..  50 

«Thua  modified  by  the  law  of  July  ao,  ISOQ. 


n  00 

3  00 

2  00 

1  00 

50 

20 

1  00 

2  00 

1  50 

1  50 

75 

508  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Marble: 

For  chests  of  drawers,  pier-tables,  bureaus,  or  tables each.. 

For  tombs,  from  6  to  7  feet  long,  engraved do 

For  tombs,  from  6  to  7  feet  long,  plain do 

For  tombs  of  children,  from  3  to  4  feet  long,  engraved do 

For  tombs  of  children,  from  3  to  4  feet  long,  plain do.... 

Masks: 

Of  wireganze,  for  fencing per  pair.. 

For  carnival,  of  pasteboard per  dozen.. 

For  carnival,  of  oil-cloth  and  wire  gauze do 

Mauls,  of  iron do 

Mattresses,  of  horse-hair: 

Large each.. 

Small do 

Masts: 

Small,  called  spars * each..  40 

Large,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Medals,  of  brass,  for  rosaries . , per  hundred..  25 

Merino: 

Small  width-. per  ell..  8 

Laige  width do 15 

Mirrors: 

Of  2  by  3  inches,  mounted  in  pasteboard  or  wooden  leaves per  dozen..  4 

Of  3  to  4  by^  to  7  inches,  mounted  in  pasteboard  or  wooden  leaves,  .do 8 

Of  4  to  7  by  7  to  12  inches,  mounted  in  pasteboard,  with  or  without  draw- 
ers  per  dozen..  50 

Of  same  dimensions,  mounted  in  divers  woods,  with  or  without  gilt,  for 

/  dressing  tables _• perdozen..  70 

On  pivot,  or  withdht  drawers,  mounted  on  wood  of  6  inches  and  over  in  di- 
ameter, by  10  to  15  inches  in  height per  dozen..      2  50 

Same  over  6  inches  in  width  or  diameter  by  6  to  10  inches  in  hdght 

each — - 25 

Of  7  to  10  inches  by  12  to  15  in  height,  frame  or  not,  with  or  without  gilt, 

for  dressing  tables perdozen..      1  50 

Above  dimensions  hereabove  given  (see  Looking-glasses.) 

Mortars: 

( Artillery. )    Free  of  duty. 

Of  marble,  with  or  without  pestles iper  dozen..      2  00 

Of  brass,  with  or  without  p^les . do 10 

Of  iron,  with  or  without  pestles do 4 

Molds: 

For  bullets,  of  copper perdozen..      1  50 

For  bullets,  of  iron do 75 

For  pastry,  of  copper do 50 

Of  tin -. do--.-  30 

Mills: 

Of  iron;  water  or  animal  power.    Free  of  duty. 
For  maize,  cotton,  or  coffee.    Free  of  duty. 

For  grinding  peppeif'or  coffee each..  6 

Tobacco do 1  00 

Musquetons,  for  cavalry.   Free  of  duty. 

Muslin: 

White  or  colored,  plain  or  embroidered,  of  },  under  muslinet,  and  muslin 

dimity ;. per  ell..  5 

White  or  colored,  plain  or  embroidered,  muslinet  and  muslin  dimity,  above 

}  up  to  J — - per  ell--  6 

Divers,  of  wool do 8 

Macamby per  barrel..  60 

Malaguettes per  pound..  4 

Mogues,  of  tin perdozen..         25 

Mouse-traps ^..do 25 

Marsh-mallow  (flowers  of) ^- per  pound..  5 

Morocco-skins: 

Real , , perdozen..      1  00 

Imitation do 50 

Molds,  forms  for  sugar «*-»'-^ each..  4 

irobon,  stuff  mixS  of  silk  and  cotton,  St  30  4hche6  and  under per  ell .  .  8 


TABIFF8   OP   THE   BEYERAL   COUNTBIES.  *   509 

Mosquito-nets  of  eveiy  sort.-. - each..  $2  00 

Mustard: 

In  pots per  dozen..  1  00 

In  flasks ..do 50 

Mustard-pots: 

Of  glass do 16 

Of  crystal do 60 

Of  metal ^ do 50 

Mutton,  salted per  barrel..  2  00 

Mules,  live.    Free  of  duty. 

Mats,  for  dishes _ . per  dozen..  50 

Nuts. per  barrel..  76 

Needles: 

Fine,  forsewing per  M..  10 

For  sail  makers do 25 

♦Nails: 

Iron,  assorted per  hundredweight..  ^5 

Brass,  assorted do 4  00 

Gilt  or  silver-plated per  M..  20 

Necklaces: 

Of  coral 25 

Of  glass,  divers - —  15 

Of  rockwork,  baked  earth,  to  embroider  purses per  pound..  15 

Neckties : 

Of  silk,  under  } per  dozen..  1  50 

Of  silk,  of  }  and  under do 1  00 

Of  cotton  and  muslin,  embroidered do 80 

Of  cambric  or  cambric  muslin,  embroidered,  in  half  neckerchiefs do 2  OO 

Same,  embroidered  at  two  ends,  in  whole  neckerchie& do 4  00 

Neckerchieft,  frills,  lace  tippets,  &c do 4  00 

Nutmegs.. _ per  pound..  S 

Nankeen: 

Real  and  imitation,  wide,  white,  yellow,  and  blue,  in  pieces  or  patterns  of 

from  4  to  6  ells per  ten  pieces  or  patterns..  2  00 

Real  and  imitation,  narrow,  in  pieces  or  patterns  of  4  to  7  ells... ..do 1  50 

Napkins : 

With  table-cloths,  white,  damask  striped per  dozen..  2  50 

Same,  without  table-cloths do 1  50 

With  table-cloths,  plain,  striped  of  color do 1  00 

Same,  without  table-cloths do -  75 

With  table-cloths,  unbleached  thread,  striped  of  color ,do 75 

Same,  without  table-doths do 50  * 

Of  cotton,  wide,  damask,  with  table-cloths . r do 1  00 

Of  cotton,  damask,  without  table-doth^ do 75 

*Of  cotton,  with  colored  stripes . do 40 

*0f  cotton,  narrow,  small,  common do 20 

Night  lights : 

Of  glass - .- w each..  10 

Of  porcelain do 15 

Of  metal do 8 

*Nankinette8: 

Of  idl  colors,  with  stripes  or  plain,  for  spring  florentine,  of  22  inches  and 

under per  ell..  IJ 

Of  22  to  26  inches , do 2 

Of  26  to  30  inches ^.J do 2} 

Of  30  to  36  inches do 3 

Prom  36  to  42  inches ^ .* do 3} 

Nansonte: 

Under  }  wide ^ ^ do....  5 

Of  i  wide  and  above,  up  to  |.... .... ., do 6 

Cazs •• ..-. each..  6 

Oats: 

In  barrels ..... per  barrel..  30 

In  demyohns . per  demyohn..  12 

•ThuB  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 1860. 

•Thus  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 18B9.  « 


510         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Oxen,  live.     Free  of  duty. 

Ox-heart8,  in  small  barrels — per  barrel.-    |0  40 

Oamabi^: 

White,  half  white,  and  brabant,  np  to  30  inches... per  ell..  53 

White,  half  white,  and  biabant,  above  30.  inches.     (See  article  24,  third 
paragraph.) 

Gray,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  2 

Gray,  above  30  inches.     (See  article  24,  third  paragraph.) 

Olive  oil : 

In  casks - ...per  gallon-.  20 

In  cans  of  3  to  4  gallons . ...per  can..  75 

Inhalfcans perhalfcan..  37 

In  baskets  of  12  bottles — per  basket..  50 

In  liters - per  liter..  75 

In  cases  of  30  vials per  case..  60 

In  cases  of  12  bottles do 20 

Oils: 

For  lighting  purposes _ per  gallon..  6 

Linseed  and  turpentine — — do 12 

Linseed  and  turpentine,  in  cans  of  3  to  4  gallons per  can..  40 

Of  almond...' per  bottle..  12 

Of  almond per  pound..  10 

Oysters,  pickled,  in  small  barrels  or  pots per  barrel  or  pot..  18 

Opera  glasses  or  eye-glasses,  richly  mounted each..       1  00 

C^ra-glasses,  gilded  or  silver  plated,  brass,  iron,  tortoise^ell -do 40 

Of  wood  or  pasteboard do 15 

Ochre,  yellow  or  red per  barrel..  75 

Onions: 

In  bunches .: per  bunch..  5 

Inbulk per  hundred-weight.-       1  00 

Olives: 

In  flasks p€r  12  flasks..  20 

In  small  barrels per  small  barrel..  30 

In  small  pots ^. per  small  pot..  8 

Organs,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.     (See  article  24,  first  paragraph.) 

Organs,  for  churches.    Free  of  duty. . 

Ornaments: 

For  bridles,  of  pewter .per  gross..  06 

For  bridles,  of  gilt,  bnss,  or  silver  plated do 1  50 

For  churches  (^  per  cent,  ad  valorem). 
For  priests  (20  per  cent,  ad  valorem). 

Overcoats: 

Of  cloth  or  kerseymere each..      2  50 

Of  other  stufib ^. do 1  50 

Oil  cloth: 

Of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  8 

Above  30  inches.     (See  article  24,  third  paragraph.) 

Pressing-irons,  for  hatters  or  tailors per  dozen  pairs..      1  25 

Piano-fortes: 

Grand each..     10  00 

Square do 8  00 

Pig-iron ...per  hundred- weight..  50 

Printed  calicoes: 

(Chintz)  red,  blue,  and  others,  wide,  fix)m  26  inches  in  width  up  to  30,  per 

ell 4 

(Chintz)narrow,  of  26  inches  and  under perell..  3 

(Chintz)  above  30  inches.     (See  article  24,  third  paragraph  of  the  law,) 

Petticoats : 

Ready-made,  plain each..      1  00 

Ready-made,  embroidered do...      3  00 

Pickled-tongues per  barrel..  75 

Pillows  and  bolsters  of  feathers.    Prohibited. 

Palettes : 

For  painters,  of  ivory per  dozen..       -'  20 

For  pcunters,  of  divers  woods do 12 

Parchment ----- per  12  leaves..  75 


. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIEa  511 

Perfiimeiy : 

Assorted,  per  tnmk  2  feet  Ions  and  1  wide.    Assorted,  per  trunk  above 
these  dimensions,     (See  article  24,  third  paragraph.) 
Pastes: 

Vermicelli,  macaroni,  &c... - per  pound..    |0  03 

Almonds,  cocoa — - do 10 

Paints  of  every  quality > - do Oj 

Pekin,  of  all  colors,  30  inches  and  under.. per  ell..  8 

Pearl  ashes - per  hundred- weight..  76 

Partridges,   preserved per  pot..  28 

Pearls: 

Imitation per  stock..  50 

Fine.     (See  Fine  jewelry.) 

Paint-brushes,   assorted per  dozen..  50 

Pipes,  empty,  of  100  to  120  gallons each..  25 

Pistols: 

With  hair-triggers  or  percussion,  with  their  boxes  and  accessories,  per 

pair - u 9  00 

Oidinary ,  with  or  without  percussion,  without  boxes per  pair. .  2  00 

For  cavalry.    Free  of  duty. 
Plates: 

For  shakos  of  troops,  of  brass per  dozen..  24 

Forshakos  of  troox>8,  gilded  and  silver-pKted do 50 

For  coffins,  divers .- do 3  00 

PlatUlas: 

White,  of  everv  quality  over  }  wide,  same  tax  as  upon  linen  for  shirts, 
(See  Linens.) 

White,  fine,  of  thread  or  union,  }  wide  and  under per  ell..  6 

Ordinary  and  common,  of  thread  or  union  J  wide  and  under do 6 

Gray,  of  every  quality,  30  inches  and  under do 2 

Plaster per  barrel..  25 

Pack-saddles - ...each..  25 

Pine  lumber per  thousand..  1  75 

Paving  stones  (of  Barsac),  of  every  dimension apiece..  5 

Plumes: 

Of  fine  feathers... — ...each..  40 

Of  rooster's  feathers do 25 

Powder  flasks: 

Of  brass,  assorted per  dozen..  4  00 

Of  bone,  assorted do 2  50 

Pears,  dried per  basket..  30 

Peas,  of  every  sort ...per  barrel..  25 

Peas  of  Iris  (issue  peas) 3 

Pepper,  of  all  species 1 per  pound..  2 

Polygraphs ...each..  75 

Pomatum: 

In  small  pots  and  ordinary  sticks per  dozen..  25 

In  large  stone  or  tin  pots per  pound..  2 

In  glass  hollow  pots perdozen..  60 

In  i>otB,  sticks,  and  in  glasses,  other  than  of  the  dimensions  hereabove 
given.     (See  article  24,  third  paragraph.) 

Pommels perdozen  pommels..  12 

Potatoes - per  barrel-.  40 

Potatoes,  in  small  baskets each..  5 

Pumps: 

Wooden,  for  vessels  _ _ do 2  00 

For  fires.     Free  of  duty. 

With  winches,  for  wells each..  1  00 

Hand,  of  copper,  for  distilleries • do 50 

Hand,  of  tin,  for  distilleries.- do 37 

Hand,  of  wood,  for  distilleries do 12 

Porcelain,  fine  and  common , per  piece..  3 

Pencil  holders: 

Fine,  of  gold _ each..  25 

Fine,  of  silver ; do 16 

Ordinary,  of  silver do 10 

Of  silver-plated  brass do 4 

Of  pure  brass perdozen..  30 


512         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Portfolios: 

Large,  styled  ministerial - each--    $0  75 

Pocket,  large,  of  6  inches,  or  more  than  6  inches,  with  clasps  ..per  dozen..  40 

Same  as  above,  nnder  6  inches,  withVlasps .. do 20 

Same  as  above,  without  clasps,  assorted do 12 

Penholders do 2S 

Powder: 

Face... - ..per  12  pounds.-  12 

Litharge,  gold,  or  silver per  poond..  4 

Of  St.  Angeand  Aillaux.. per  box.-  12 

Of  Seidlitz  and  soda  water -- per  dozen  boxes..  6S 

Of  ginger do 60 

Pulleys: 

Single,  of  wood,  assbrted per  inch..  1 

Double,  of  wood,  assorted do 2 

Of  brass.. _. .per  pound..  10 

Presses: 

For  binding _• each..      1  50 

For  stamping ...do 1  50 

For  compressing  cloth,  ad  valorem.     (See  article  24,  first  paragraph. ) 

Printing-presses each..      4  00 

ProjectUes  of  artillery,  or  every  sort,  not  denominated.     Free- of  duty. 

Prunes  and  plumes perpound..  2 

Planes: 

With  irons per  dozen  75 

Without  irons do 50 

Pruning-knives . 40 

Pictures: 

In  oil,  with  or  without  frames.     Free  of  duty. 

Engraved,  colored  or  not,  and  sacred  ones,  of  3  to  4  by  3  to  6  inches,  with  gilt 

frames -. each..  14 

Engraved,  colored  or  not,  and  sacred  ones,  wiih  gilt  firames,  from  6  to  8  by 

6  to  12inche8 ^ _. each-.  28 

Same,*^  and  sacred  ones,  with  gilt  frames,  from  ^  to  11  by  13  to  15  inches, 

each.. 50 

Same,  12  to  12  by  16  to  24  inches each..  75 

Same,  from  31  to  36  by  35  to  40  inches do 2  60 

Same,  fh)m  21  to  30  by  26  to  34  inches do 1  20 

Same,  of  greater  dimensions,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.     (See  article  24,  first 
paragraph.) 

NoTB. — Pictures,  colored  or  not,  and  sacred  ones,  with  frames  not  gilt, 
within  above  dimensions,  shall  pay  half  of  the  duty  filxed  on  those  with 
gilt  frames. 

Painters'  tablets: 

Of  ivory per  dozen..  25 

Of  wood _ do 16 

Piano-stools each..  50 

Pincers  ..' do 5 

Packing-cloth: 

Of  f  in  width  and  under ..perell..  2 

Above  }.     (See  article  24,  third  paragraph.) 

Plaits: 

Of  fine  gold  or  silver,  for  vests perell.-  6 

Of  imitation  gold  or  silver,  for  vests do 5 

Of  silk per  12  ells.-  6 

Of  wool,  thread,  and  cotton ._ do 3 

Pipes,  of  iron  or  cast  iron,  for  water  purposes per  hundred- weight.  .       1  00 

Pork: 

In  casks per  cask..  .  2  50 

In  barrels per  barrel-.       1  50 

Pigs  feet  and  ears,  in  barrels do 1  50 

Pickaxes  and  mattocks ..perdozen..      1  00 

Plates,  for  making  cassava i each..  20 

Polonaise,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  5 

Paper: 

For  drawing,  plans,  charts,  called  ^' Great  Eagle'' pet  100  sheets..      1  00 

Petition,  cut,  fine  and  gilt  edged . per  ream..      1  OO 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  513^ 

# 

Fftper — Gontinned. 

Petition,  not  gilt  edged per  ream..  $0  75 

Fine,  above  16  inches do 60 

Ordinary,  15  inches  and  above do 70 

Common,  for  schools,  under  15  inches do 1& 

Letter,  gilt  edged do 60 

Letter,  notgiltedged do 48 

For  envelopes,  cartridges,  and  staffing,  gray,  bine,  yellow do 12 

Ruled  for  music - ..per  quire.-  12 

For  tapestry,  with  rich  designs  or  subjects,  velveted  or  satined.. per  roll..  25 
For  tapestry,  vrith  varied  designs  or  flowers,  velveted  or  satined,  without 

gilt per  roll--  18 

For  tapestry  with  plain  designs,  velveted  or  satined.  - do 6 

For  tapestry,  ordinary,  with  plain  designs,  varied  or  with  flowers,  without 

gilt,  not  satined,  glazed  or  not  glazed per  roll..  3 

Plush  cockades: 

For  inferior  officers pair..  30 

For  superior  officers.. do 60 

Pouches: 

Forshot,  plain 1 * dozen..  60 

Forshot,  double do 1  20 

Percussion  caps per  thousand..  20 

Plates: 

Of  tin  and  pewter 1 per  dozen..  50 

Of  wicker.. do 50 

Composition do 75 

Pails  or  buckets,  the  nest  assorted do 1  00 

Pails  or  caskets do 75 

Pans,  large,  of  copper j. perpound..  0 

Purses: 

Of  beads,  or  of  steel per  dozen..  1  00» 

Silk,  with  clasp  of  gold  or  silver each..  12 

Without  clasps,  with  compartments  or  with  ringi per  dozen.  .  1  00- 

With  clasps  of  gilded  brass  or  silver-plated do 2  50 

Of  ordinary  materials i do 50 

Padlocks: 

Of  brass do 1  00» 

Of  iron do 30 

Penknives: 

Fine J. per  dozen..  50 

Ordinary do 50 

Playing  cards _ the  six  packs..  25 

Pasteboard,  insheets,  assorted X>erdozen..  16 

Plaices,  for  hatters.. do 50 

Plows.     Free  of  duty. 

Preserve-dishes,  of  glass  or  porcelain per  pair..  50 

Preserves,  dried  or  liquid perpound..  20 

Preserved: 

Meats,  vegetables,  &c per  box..  10 

Same  as  above,  in  half  or  quarter  boxes ^ each..  4 

Pier  tables: 

Gilt each..  4  00^ 

Of  mahogany _. do 3  OO 

Pickles: 

Inancres perancre..  40 

In  jars .* the  12  jars..  30 

Paint-boxes: 

For  drawing per  single  box..  60 

For  drawing ...per  double  box..  1  OO 

Pins: 

Divers,  fortoilet per  package  of  12  sheets..  12 

Divers,  fortoilet,  in  bulk... perpound..  IS 

Platillas: 

Wide,  off,  of  thread,  or  thread-cotton per  ell..  S 

Nappow,  under  f,  of  thread,  or  thread-cotton do 4 

Orpure  cotton,  of  §  width ...do Jfe 

Of  pure  cotton,  narrow,  under  f... do 2 

Bonen,  flowered,  of  40  inches  and  under... do ^ 

1784  ooarG— A  p 33 


514  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SfiVEBAL   COUNTRIES. 

• 

Of  braes,  for  cartains per  gross.. 

Of  metal,  forbareaaand  cloeetkeys.. -oo 

Of  iron,  for  tents . do 

Rifles: 

Fine,  single  or  double  barrel each.. 

(Minary,  single  or  double  barrel do 

Razor-strops per  dozen.. 

Roekets  and  crackers per  gross.. 

Revolvers . each.. 

RafSes,  for  women,  of  divers  stafib  or  silks per  dozen.. 

RQsh*mats each.. 

Revolvers per  pair.  . 

Raisins,  dried per  pound.. 

Razors: 

Fine,  in  their  boxes  or  cases, ...per  pair.. 

In  padoiges  or  on  cards... - do 

Common,  in  packages  or  on  cards ^ do 

Ratafia  and  cherry-brandy - per  12  bottles.. 

Ratafia  and  cherry-brandy •- per  12  half  bottles.. 

Rakes,  of  iron each.. 

Rolers per  dozen.. 

Rat-traps,  of  iron — — do 

Rc^nerators,  in  bottles .^ per  bottle.. 

Registers: 

Over  24  inches each.. 

From  18  to  24  inches do 

Under  18  inches do 

Rules,  for  the  game  of  billiards,  on  tables per  table.. 

Rulers,  for  officers,  assorted,  of  wood per  dozen.. 

Reticules: 

Of  silk,  for  ladies - each.. 

Of  stuff. do 

Rivets per  hundred  pounds.. 

Rice . - per  hundred-weight- - 

IMbbons: 

Of  satin,  assorted I)er  piece  of  12  ells.. 

Of  silk,  assorted do 

Of  black  silk,  for  hemming  and  trimming  shoes x>er  piece  of  12  eUs.  . 

Wide,  of  every  quality per  ell.. 

Of  silk  TelTet , do 

Of  silk,  thread,  or  cotton per  12  ells.. 

*0f  wool,  for  mattresses per  piece  of  12  ells.. 

*0f  silk  and  cotton  in  pieces do.... 

Sngs: 

Over  3  feet  in  length  by  1  foot  in  width ..each.. 

Under  3  feet  in  length  by  1  foot  in  width do 

Xuasian  leather: 

Real,  wide  f per  ell.. 

Real^  above  f.     (See  article  24,  third  paragraph.) 

Real,  narrow,  bdowf A per  ell.. 

Imitation,  wide,  of  f do 

Imitation,  above  f.     (See  article  24,  third  paragraph.) 

Imitation,  narrow,  under  f per  ell.. 

Steel: 

In  bars per  hundred-weight.. 

In  plates ^ ..do 

Stills: 

Of  brass,  with  neck  and  cover each  gallon.. 

Of  brass,  without  neck  and  cover do 

Of  tin,  for  liquors  and  other  purposes,  from  10  to  12  gallons each 

Slates: 

For  scholars ^ per  dozen.. 

For  houses.    Free  of  duty. 
.SQver  plate,  fine,  other  than  those  tariffed per  pound.. 


$0  50 

1  00 

25 

4  00 

3  00 

50 

30 

600 

1  00 

15 

0  00 

2 

30 

20 

6 

1  00 

50 

12 

25 

50 

25 

1  50 

1  00 

30 

40 

30 

16 

8 

1  50 

75 

12 

9 

9 

5 

2 

6 

1 

2 

1  00 

50 

6 

5 

4 

8 

200 

2  50 

12 

6 

1  00 

6 

2  00 

TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEHAL   COUNTRIES.  515 

Scales: 

Composed  of  waiten,  beams,  and  iron  chains,  capable  of  weighing  10  hun- 
dred-weight and  over each..  $2  00 

Asabove,  from  6  and  nnder  10  hnndred-weight do...  1  00 

Ofone  and  nnder  five  hundred-weight do 50 

Ezpensive,  of  gilded  brass  or  silyer-plated,  with  waiters,  or  mounted  upon 

columns ea<£..  3  00 

Ordinary,  for  stores,  with  plated  waiters do...  50 

Ordinary,  for  stores,  of  tin per  dozen..  2  50 

Roman  fl^le each..  1  00 

Btoc^ings: 

Silk,  ibr  men  and  women per  dozen  pair..  00 

-  Silk,  for  chUdren do...  40 

Of  lisle  thread,  for  women do...  60 

Of  thread,  for  men - do.—  60 

*Of  cotton,  for  men do 40 

'Woolen,  for  men . . do—  50 

*For  children,  cotton  and  woolen do...  20 

Sheepskins per  dozen..  50 

Spits,  with  iron  chains each..  1  00 

Sideboards:  « 

Of  mahogany,  or  choice  woods each..  7  00 

Of  ordinaiy  woods do...  3  00 

Seals,  of  brass,  for  offices per  dozen..  30 

Sofos: 

Of  different  woods,  covered  with  hair  stufb,  morocoo  or  silk each..  5  00 

Of  painted  or  Tarnished  woods,  with  straw  or  cane  bottoms,  fine,  gilt  or 

not  gilt r each..  4  00 

Of  worn]  or  straw,  ordinary,  with  bottoms  gilded  or  not do...  2  00 

Staf^  for  drum-mijors,  with  nlTer  or  silyer-gilt  lumdles do...  4  00 

Of  brass per  pound..  12 

Iron-plated,  or  of  pinchbaok . ...each..  12 

Saucepans: 

Sashes,  of  gaoze  or  muslin per  dozen..  $1  00 

Sword-belts : 

For  superior  officers,  with  gold  or  silTer  lace,  or  embroidered  on  Tel- 
yet each..  4  00 

Of  buff  (for  swords) ..per  dozen..  75 

Plated,  with  gold  or  silTcr  thread each..  3  00 

Of  morocco,  embroidered per  dozen..  4  00 

Of  stamped  leather do 8  60 

Of  Tarnished  leather do....  -1  50 

Of  morocco  or  TelTct,  embroidered  with  gold each..  25 

Sword  knots: 

Of  gold  or  silTer,  for  superior  officers each..  50 

Of  gold  or  siWer.  imitation,  for  superior  officers do....  40 

Of  fine  gold  or  stlTcr,  for  inferior  officers do....  40 

•Of  imitation  gold  or  silTer,  for  inferior  officers do....  20 

Of  silk per  dozen..  80 

Of  wool,  thread,  or  cotton do....  18 

Swords : 

Mounted  with  fine  silTcr,  with  copper  scabbards each..  2  00 

Mounted  Trith  fine  sllTer,  with  leather  scabbards  and  silTcr-plated  fer- 
rules   each..  1  50 

Mounted  with  gilt  copper,  or  silTcr-plated,  with  copper-gilt  scabbards, 

each 75 

Mounted  idth  gilt  copper,  or  silTcr-plated,  witn  leather  scabbards  and 

coppex^gilt,  or  silTcr-plated  ferrules each..  75 

ilne,  for  officers,  with  scabbards  and  hilts  of  gilt  copper,  or  silTcr-plated, 

and  with  moloings  and  ornaments each..  1  00 

Smuc,  without  moldings  or  ornaments each..  1  00 

Ordinary,  with  soabbwds  and  hilts  of  burnished  brass,  and  plain  .do ....  50 

Ordinary,  with  leather  scabbards  and  ferrules  of  iron  or  leather . .  do . . . .  40 

Socks,  or  ball  hose: 

Of  silk per  dozen..  50 

Of  woolen do....  50 

\  •Thus  modified  bjthA  law  of  July  90, 1»9.  — — 


516         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVER  AL  COUNTRIES. 

Socks,  or  half  hose — Continaed. 

*  Of  thread  or  cotton per  dosen..  |20 

*  Of  thread  or  cotton,  for  children do....  10 

Shabracka : 

Trimmed  with  gold each..  5  00 

Trimmed  with  silver do 3  00 

Of  fine  cloth  and  other  rich  material do....  1  50 

Of  common  cloth  and  other  material do 1  00 

Shirts: 

For  men,  of  cambric,  lined  or  not each..  50 

For  men,  with  stomacher  of  wool .....do S5 

For  men,  with  stomacher  of  cotton do 12 

For  men,  of  ordinary  linen..  L per  dozen..  4  00 

For  men.  of  common  linen do....  2  59 

For  soldiers  and  sailors,  of  wool,  common  Unen,  or  ticking do 1  00 

Shirts:  Of  cambric,  muslin  or  fine  calico,  for  men per  dozen..  3  00 

Of  cambric  mnslin  or  ordinary  calico,  common,  for  men's  wear do 200 

For  men,  of  calico  or  cambric  muslin,  having  linen  fronts do,...  300 

For  children ,  of  cambric  or  fine  linen,  eiknbroidered  or  not do....  3  00 

For  children,  of  ordinary  linen do 2  00 

For  children,  of  ordinary  calico  and  common do....  1  00 

Silk-twist:  Foridiakos,  with  fine  gold  or  silver each..  2  00 

For  shakos,  with  imitation  gold  or  silver do 1  00 

For  dresses per  100  vards..  25 

For  shakos per  aozen..  1  75 

Silk- velvet-twist  for  dresses per  ell..  1 

Silk-fringe do....  2 

Silk-plusn  for  hats do 12 

Silk-velvet do 25 

Silks:  Silk  cloth  and  other  embroidered  stnfEs per  ell..  25 

Gros  of  Naples,  embroidered,  plain  or  striped ;  satin,  plain  or  with  flowers, 

tafiety  and  other  stuffs  of  worked  silk,  for  dresses per  eU . .  20 

Levantine,  Florence,  and  light  silks,  and  striped do 15 

All  of  30  inches  and  under;  for  silks  above  30  inches  (see  article  24, 
third  paragraph). 

Silk  watchgnards per  dozen..  |0  25 

Silk  lace:  Wide.. per  ell..  10 

Narrow do....  6 

Silver  lace:  Fiue,  over  18  lines do....  75 

Fine,  from  12  to  lb  lines do 40 

Fine,  under  12  lines do 18 

Sonr-crout per  barrel..  50 

Sealing-wax,  all  colors per  pound..  20 

Scissors:  For  masons,  joiners,  &c per  dozen..  20 

For  tailors,  above  6  inches  in  size do 20 

For  seamstress,  of  all  sizes,  fine do 50 

For  seamstress,  of  all  sizes,  common ....do 20 

For  cutting  ptoteboard each..  75 

For  cutting  sheet  iron,  tin,  «&c do 1  00 

Strings:  For  harp,  assorted per  assortment..  30 

For  violin,  violoncello,  or  guitar,  assorted,  per  roll  or  otherwise.. the  12 

strings..  5 

Shoe-horns:  Of  bone per  dozen..  30 

Of  brass do 1  00 

Slate-pencils per  thousand..  50 

Screw-jacks each..  75 

Skins:  Whipped,  for  hatters per  dozen..  50 

For  hatters do....  50 

Spoons: 

Of  silver,  with  forks  (see  Fine  silverware). 

Plated,  with  forks per  dozen..  2  00 

Plated,  without  forks do....  1  00 

For  soup  (ladle) each..  30 

Of  culin,  common,  with  forks per  dozen..  1  00 

Of  culin,  common,  without  forks do..*.  50 

Of  culin,  for  soup  (ladle) each..  20 

*  Of  metal,  of  comi>o8ition,  not  silver  plated,  with  forks per  dozen. .  20 

*0f  metal,  of  composition,  without  forks do....  10 


*  Thus  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 1850. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  517 

Spoons — Continned. 

*  Of  metal,  of  oomposition,  for  soap  (ladle) each..  |0  06 

*For  coffee,  of  pewter per  dosen..  3 

*0f  wroaght-iroD  or  pewter,  with  forks do....  10 

"Of  wrought-iron  or  pewter,  withoat  forks do....  5 

*Of  wroQght-iron  or  pewter,  for  soup  (ladle) *..eaoh..  3 

And  skimmers,  of  copper,  for  sogar-mills per  poand..  4 

For  coffee,  plated per  dozen..  60 

For  coffee,  of  onlin do....  30 

Stoves,  of  iron,  for  yeseels per  hnndred-weight..  75 

Shirt-bosoms: 

Of  fine  linen  and  cambric^  made  np  and  embroidered per  dozen  • .  1  50 

Of  ordinary  linen  andoahco do....  75 

Sngar-plnms,  of  eyerv  sort per  pound..  8 

Seltzer  water,  and  other  mineral  waters,  in  Jars  or  in  bottles  ....per  dozen..  30 

Scarfs: 

For  aides-de-camp,  with  large  tassels each..  1  00 

For  aides-de-camp,  with  small  tassels do....  75 

Of  silk  and  lace,  for  ladies do....  60 

Spnrs: 

Of  ffilt,  copper,  or  silver-plated per  dozen  pairs..  2  00 

Of  iron,  or  blown  copper,  or  plated r do....  50 

Of  iron,  or  polished  copper do....  50 

Of  iron,  or  rough  copper do....  50 

Sponges: 

>ine perpound..  35 

Common,  for  horses do....  6 

Squares: 

Of  iron • each..  6 

Of  wood do....  6 

Spirits : 

Of  wine per  gallon..  6(X 

Of  turi>entine do....  12 

Of  ether flasks..  6 

Of  semen-contra,  in  vials per  dozen..  75 

Stirrups : 

Fine perpair..  fO  30 

Ordinary do....  20 

Common per  dozen  pairs..  75 

Stirrui>-leathers .per  dozen..  1  00 

Snaffles each..  10 

Screw-augers,  assorted do....  20 

Stoves,  of  iron  and  brass do....  1  00 

Steels,  for  sharpening  knives per  dozen..  40 

Sleeves  (shoulder  of  mutton)  detached  fh>m  dress do....  1  50 

Squittles  (game  of ) ; each  set..  1  00 

Stu£b  for  petticoats : 

Plain each  piece..  50 

Embroidered '- .do....  1  00 

Stuffed  tongues per  dozen..  50 

Spectacles : 

Mounted  in  gold each..  1  00 

Mounted  in  ulver do....  60 

Of  tortoise  shell,  mounted  in  gold do....  50 

Mounted  in  ^It,  brass,  or  silver-plated perdozen..  1  50 

Mounted  in  iron •• do....  50 

Snuffers : 

With  trays  of  sheet-iron • do....  30 

Without  trays  of  sheet-iron., •• do....  16 

Steam-mills,  free  of  duty. 

Sheep  (live),  free  of  duty. 

Straw  mats : 

Four-quarters  wide  and  over,  in  pieces per  ell..  20 

Under  four-quarters  wide,  in  pieces do....  12 

Shells  (projectiles),  free  of  duty. 

Spangles : 

(jf  fine  gold  or  silver per  mark..  50 

Of  imitation  gold  or  silver do....  50 

*Thus  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20,  1850. 


518  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEYEfiAL   COUNTRIES. 

Slippers: 

Of  wool,  common per  dozen..     |0  75 

Of  wool,  fine,  ordinary do....       1  00 

Of  skin do..-.       1  50 

Sand-paper ^ per  quire..  8 

Shoyels : 

Of  iron per  dozen..         75 

Of  wood do 40 

SaltHdiovels ^...do....         40 

8ngar-ton|^ , do 50 

Smoking-pipes : 

Of  porcelain,  mounted each..  10 

Ofpottery pergross..         24 

Of  clay do 10 

Squared  timber,  pitch-pine per  thousand..      2  00 

Shot per  pound..  4 

Steel  pens per  groas..  30 

Stag  hair per  hundred  weight..      2  00 

Scrapers  for  ships per  dozen..         50 

Springs: 

For  carriage  wheels,  20  per  ceiit.  ad  Talorem. 

For  watches,  20  per  cent,  ad  yi^orem. 
Saltcellars : 

Of  glass per  dozen.. 

Of  metal  of  every  sort per  pair.. 

Sanderach  in  small  phials per  dozen.. 

Sardines: 

In  barrels per  barrel.. 

In  pots pot.. 

In  oil,  in  tin  boxes per  box.. 

In  oil,  half  in  tin,  boxes per  half  box.. 

In  oil,  in  j[u%rter  tin  boxes per  quarter  box.. 

Sauce,  or  "King  sauce" per  dozen  flasks.. 

Sausages: 

Preeerred  in  lard per  pound.. 

Not  preserved  in  laid do.... 

Salmon: 

In  barrels per  barrel.. 

In  half  barrels per  half  barrels.. 

In  quarter  barrels.,  .r..... per  quarter  barrels.. 

*Soap,  of  every  quality per  hundred  pounds.. 

Shakos: 

For  officers,  of  beaver,  velvet,  or  morocco,  without  hat-bands each.. 

For  troops,  with  plate,  without  hat-bands per  dozen.. 

Shawls: 

Of  tulle,  or  fine  thread  lace,  or  cotton  lace,  and  thread  and  silk,  of  4-4 
and  over each.. 

Of  silks,  of  all  sizes do 

*0f  white  and  colored  cotton,  of  all  sizes per  dozen.. 

*0f  muslin,  of  every  size do 

"Of  merino,  of  wool,  and  cotton do.... 

Saws: 

Laroe  and  medium  size,  not  mounted,  assorted per  dozen.. 

Small,  not  mounted «...dp.... 

Large,  mounted,  assorted do 

Smul,  mounted,  assorted do.... 

tSalt: 

In  barrels I>er  barrel.. 

In  small  loaves,  or  in  baskets each.. 

Serge,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell.. 

Siamese  cotton,  of  f  to),  striped do.... 

Saddles: 

Fine,  fbr  men,  for  sujierior  officers,  provided  with  holsters  and  laced  sad- 
dle-cloth   each.. 

Ordinary,  with  or  without  saddle-cloth do.... 

Without  nolsters  or  mountings do 

For  troops,  with  mountings  and  trappings .....do.... 

""""  'Thiu  modified  bv  the  law  of  July  SO,  1859.  ^ 

(Thnt  xnodifled  by  the  law  of  IliBoember  S,  18S0. 


25 
25 
50 

• 

50 

20 

10 

6 

4 
3 

4 
4 

1  50 
75 
37 

1  00 

1  50 
3  00 

1  50 
1  00 
1  00 
1  50 
3  00 

2  00 
1  50 
225 
1  75 

1  00 

5 

10 

4 

12  00 
8  00 
6  00 
3  00 

TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  519 

Saddles— CoDtiniied. 

Pine  and  ordinary,  for  ladies,  mounted each.. 

Ordinary,  lor  ladies,  mounted do 

For  men  and  ladies,  of  every  quality,  not  mounted do 

Sirups: 

Of  orgeat,  or  other  sort,  in  bottles per  dozen 

Of  orgeat,  or  other  sort,  in  yials do.... 

Silk: 

For  sewing  and  embroidering per  pound.... 

For  shoemakers * do.... 

Shoes: 

Of  knitted  wool,  called  socks,  for  children per  dozen.. 

Fine,  for  men,  glazed  or  of  patent  leather do .... 

Ordinary,  for  men,  glazed,  or  of  patent  leather do.... 

For  boys do.... 

For  women,  of  silk,  of  fine  colored  leather  or  morocco do.... 

For  women,  of  pruneUa,  or  other  stuffo,  or  of  ordinary  leather do 

For  babies,  of  every  quality do.... 

For  little  girls,  of  every  quality do.... 

Of  India  rubber do.... 

Statues: 

Of  pla8ter,2  feet  in  height,  and  over each.. 

Of  plaster,  of  12  to  23  inches  in  height each.. 

Of  plaster,  under  12  inches per  dozen.. 

Of  marble  or  bronze,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Statuettes,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Stereoscopes,  *iM)  per  cent*  ad  valorem. 

Sugar-candy,  apple  or  barley per  pound.. 

Sugar,  refined do.... 

Sugar-basins,  of  glass  or  porcelain per  pair.. 

Snuff; 

iFer  pound 

ilu  bottles  or  flasks .' per  pound.. 

Snuff-boxes: 

Of  gold,  plain,  or  with  music X>er  ounce.. 

Of  tortoise-shell,  ornamented  with  gold,  fine each.. 

Snnff-boxes: 

Of  silver,  fine per  marc.. 

Of  torioise-shell,  ornamented  with  fine  silver each . . 

Of  wood  or  other  material,  with  gilded  bottoms do 

Of  pasteboard,  fine per  dozen.. 

Of  pasteboara,  leather,  or  various  woods,  with  horn  bottoms,  common, 
per  dozen 

Of  pewter,  lead,  horn,  common per  dozen.. 

Witn  music,  or  tortoise-shell,  wood,  Ac each.. 

Sieves : 

For  flour,  mounted per  dozen.. 

For  cane-Juice,  not  mounted do 

Sheet-iron per  hundred- weight.. 

Shoe-knives ^ per  dozen.. 

S^ews: 

Under<2  inches  (small,  of  iron) per  gross.. 

Of  iron,  for  beds : do.... 

Small,  of  copper .....do 

Small,  of  iron do 

Sliadee  (for  eyes),  of  leather per  dozen.. 

SallSy  for  ships,  20  per  cent  ad  valorem.  * 
Shuttles : 

Of  pure  silver ••• per  marc.. 

Of  gilt  copper per  pair.. 

Spy-glassea: 

Two  feet  Ions  when  entirely  extended per  dozen.. 

Under  8  feet  long  when  entirely  extended do 

Sheep-skins,  white  or  chamoised,  dressed ^.  •..•... do 

Slksathing: 

Of  cedar,  cypress,  or  pitch-pine per  thousand.. 

Of  pine  Imober .iio.... 

X  Thiu  modified  by  law  Oetober  8, 1881,  to  tako  ofTcct  Jumsry  1, 1888. 


$8  00 
5  00 
3  00 

1  5a 

7& 

25 

la 

25 
2  50* 
2  00 
2  00 

2  oa 
1  5a 
1  oa 

1  5a 

2  oa 

75 
37 
60 

8 

3 

25 

8 
8 

1  00 

80 

1  oa 

40* 
1  00 

30 

20 

1  50 

1  00 
50* 
75 
15 

06^ 

75 

50 

40- 

20 

50 
50 

2  00 
1  25 

5a 

75 

4a- 

5^0         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Siraacas,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  $0  07 

4Soented  waters : 

In  bottles each..  20 

In  phials  or  flasks per  dozen..  50 

fiaint  George,  of  30  inches  and  nnder per  ell..  3 

^Sance,  of  30  inches  and  nnder do....  3 

Sacks,  for  inhabitants,  of  three  to  fonr  threads per  dozen..  75 

Timber : 

Squared,  of  pitch  pine per  thoosand..  2  00 

Squared,  of  pine do....  1  75 

Tinder-boxes : 

Phosphoric each..  3 

Of  steel,  for  striking  flre perdosen..  10 

Of  infantry,  for  troops,  free  of  duty. 

Tacks ....perpoond..  3 

Tiles: 

Paving,  of  different  styles  and  colors perthoosand..  1  00 

Paving,  of  marble do....  10  00 

Paving,  common,  of  6  inches do....  50 

Paving  Tcalled  Alotte stone) ...do....  50 

Thimbles,  of  bone,  pure  copperj  or  iron per  gross..  15 

Turkeys  (alive),  free  of  dafy. 

Tow per  hundred- weight..  1  00 

Tin  plate : 

boable per  100  plates..  2  00 

Single do 1  00 

Twine per  pound..  3 

Tickinff : 

Of  30  inches  and  under per  ell..  2 

*0f  every  quality  and  imitation,  cambray ,  nnder  24  inches do ... .  li 

*Of  every  quality  and  imitation,  cambray,  from  24  to  30  inches ....  do ... .  2 

*0f  every  quality  and  imitation,  cambray,  firom  30  to  36  inches ....  do 2^ 

*0f  every  quality  and  imitation,  cambray,  from  36  to  42  inches ....  do 3 

*0f  every  quality  and  imitation,  cambray,  from  42  inches  and  over,  do 3| 

Time-pieces : 

With  music,  large each..  8  00 

Ordinary  and  common,  of  wood do....  2  00 

Of  brass  or  bronze do....  6  00 

Thread: 

White  and  colored,  of  Rennes,  assorted per  pound..  $0  12 

Cotton,  colored  and  assorted do 10 

Cotton,  white,  for  embroidering,  in  spools  or  baUs. .  per  12  spools  or  baUs . .  2 

Cotton,  white  and  colored,  in  spools  or  balls per  pound..  6 

In  balls do 5 

For  sails;  for  making  nets ;  for  shoemakers do....  3 

Trimmings : 

Of  fine  gold  or  silver  lace per  pair..  8 

For  dresses  of  tulle  or  lace,  with  bouquets  or  pearls,  flowers,  &c.  .each. . .  3  00 

For  muslin  or  gauze  dresses,  embroidered per  ell..  6 

For  same  as  am>ve,  called '^ en tre-deux" .do....  5 

Representing   lightning,  grenades,  hunting   horns   of  gold   or   silver, 

fine per  trimming..  40 

Same  as  above,  of  imitation  gold  or  silver do....  40 

For  bridles each..  50 

For  ladies'  chemises,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Of  silk,  with  frogs,  for  beds « do....  4  00 

Of  stuffs,  of  every  quality  for  beds do 3  00 

Tassels : 

Of  gold  or  silver,  for  boots  or  hats,  in  fringe per  pair..  30 

Same  as  above,  for  superior  officers ao....  60 

Tar per  barrel..  75 

Toys,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Trunks: 

Empty,  large  and  small,  in  nests each..  75 

Containing  imported  goods do....  85 

^Tousers : 

Of  fine  cloth,  knitted  kerseymere,  silk do....  1  50 

Of  fine  linen,  dimity,  nankeen,  nankinette,  and  other  light  stuffs ...  do ... .  50 

Of  deerskin  or  chamois do 1  00 

Laced  with  gold do....  2  50 

'"^  »Thiu  modified  by  the  Uw  of  July  80,  IBm] 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  521 

Laced  with  silver each.,  fd  00 

Of  osDabiirg,  or  coarse  cloth per  dozen..  1  50 

Tweezers,  for  Jewelers  and  shoemakers do....  40 

Tmnk-handles : 

Of  copper f per  dozen  pairs..  30 

Of  iron do 12 

Tacks: 

Of  copper per  ponnd..  9 

Of  iron  aesortedCFrench) per  pair..  6 

Tnfts : 

Of  g;old  or  silyer  for  officers per  dozen..  3  50 

Of  silk  or  silver  and  silk do....  75 

Of  wool do 26 

Traveling  bags,  of  every  quality each..  25 

Tooth-powder per  12  boxes..  40 

Tell-talesy  of  copper,  ivory,  or  bone,  when  separate  from  mathematical  boxes 

or  cases per  dozen..  60 

Tapes  or  measures do....  12 

Traveling  writing-clesks,  of  mahogany,  of  cedar,  of  boxwood,  Ac,  fine  and 

rich each..  3  00 

Transportable  writinff-desks,  plain  and  common do....  I  50 

Tasters,  of  tin,  for  wme per  dozen..  50 

Tallow per  pound..  1 

Tobacco : 

•Twist do....  8 

"Leaf do .        6 

'Chewing  of  every  sort do 8 

Tables: 

Folding,  of  mahogany ea<*h....  6  00 

Folding,  of  other  woods do....  4  00 

Ordinary,  of  walnut,  cherry,  or  other  woods do....  2  00 

Of  pine do....  1  00 

Toilet  tables,  of  mahogany  or  other  rare  woods do....  3  00 

Taffeta,  imitation,  of  nlk  and  cotton,  of  30  inches  and  under per  ell . .  10 

Table  covers: 

Fine each..  1  25 

Ordinary  and  common do....  75 

Telescopes : 

Portable each..  2  00 

Large,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Thermometers: 

Over  12  inches  in  size do....  20 

Under  12  inches  in  size per  dozen..  ^60 

Tiercons,  empty,  from  10  to  30  gallons each..  16 

Tombs,  or  marble  monumenta,  of  every  dimension do....  6  00 

Trumpets do....  75 

Trowels,  for  masons per  dozen..  50 

Tiling per  thousand..  1  00 

Tiser-skins each..  1  00 

Tmips: 

Of  gold,  for  hats do....  25 

Of  silver,  for  shakos do....  20 

For  hatfl^  of  ffilt,  brass,  or  silver-plated per  dozen..  1  50 

Of  burnished  leather do....  30 

Table-cloths : 

Fine, damask,  wide,  striped, for  24  plates  and  over each..  75 

Ordinary, plain,  with  bars,  brown do....  20 

Of  cotton, fine  and  wide ^ do....  30 

Common  and  narrow do....  10 

Thimbles : 

For  sailmakers  and  tailors per  dozen..  06 

Tallow-candles  ...^ per  pound..  02 

Trimmings  for  locks: 

Of  brass. for  wardrobes perpair..  04 

Of  iron,  for  wardrobes ao....  02 

Of  bone  or  mother-of-pearl,  for  wardrobes. do....  06 

Trible-milled  cotton  or  woolen ,  of  30  inches  and  wider per  ell . .  07 

*  Thus  modified  by  Uw  of  October  6, 1881«  to  take  eflbct  JannArj  1, 1882. 


• 


522         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Umbrellaa: 

'Sonshades, parasols  of  eyeir  size  and  shape each..  |0  €0 

"Sonshades, parasols  for  children do....  90 

•Of  woolen  stnlEB do 30 

•Of  cotton do 18 

Yamps: 

For  shoes per  dosen  pairs. .  1  00 

Yermonth: 

In  cases  or  baskets  of  12  bottles each..  50 

In  liters per  12  liters..  T5 

Ylals: 

Empty,  large perhandred..  50 

Empty,  small : do 40 

Empty,  covered  with  leather per  dozen..  50 

Yamish : 

In  bottles per  bottle..  12 

Yerdicrris per  ponnd..  06 

Yests*: 

Made  of  cloth,  of  every  quality each..  3  00 

Made  of  light  stnlEB  of  evory  quality do....  1  00 

Yinegar: 

In  varioas  casks per  gallon..  02 

In  demijohns each..  i*i 

In  bottles per  dozen..  06 

Yiolins  or  violinoellos: 

Fine,  with  cases each..  50 

Common  and  ordinary,  without  cases do 50 

Vitriol per  pound..  06 

Veils: 

Of  lace, tulle  or  silk each..  2  00 

Of  gause  or  muslin do 50 

Of  cotton  lace do 1  50 

Watering-pots : 

Of  tin each..  25 

Of  brass do 50 

Of  sheet  iron do 25 

White  lead  and  whiting perbarrel..  35 

White  enamel  for  ladies per  pot..  20 

Wheelbarrows each..  75 

Wagons : 

Four-wheel,  large each..  3  00 

Medium  size do....  3  00 

Walking-sticks : 

Of  malacca,  ornamented  with  gold do....  2  50 

Of  malacca,  ornamented  with  sihrer dn....  1  00 

Of  malacca,  ornamented  with  tortoise-shell ^ perdoaen..  3  00 

Of  malacca,  cocoa-nut,  imitation,  or  bone do....  1  50 

Of  common  wood,  yamiHhed do....  1  00 

Of  iron do....  1  00 

Wire  ribbon : 

Of  gold,  orof  silver,  fine I>er  ounce..  20 

Of  gold,  orof  silver,  false do 10 

Wax  tapers pound^.  05 

Wax  works,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Watch-keys : 

Of  brass per  dozen..  12 

With  false  stonesL  mounted  on  brass do....  1  00 

Wreaths,  embroidered  in  gold,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  ^ 

Whins : 

Of  whalebone do....  2  00 

Of  wood do....  1  00 

Window-fastenings  of  iron,  small .*...do....  37 

Woven  stufEs : 

Woolen,  for  trousers,  thread  or  cotton  4-4 per  ell..  12 

Woolen, same  as  above,  under  4-4 ,....do....  08 

Woolen  thread  or  cotton,  or  pure  cotton,  plain  or  striped,  of  4-4.. do....  06 

Woolen  for  trousers,  same  as  above,  under  4-4 do....  05 

Woolen,  for  trousers,  of  26  inches  and  under do....  04 

*  Thnt  modified  by  the  law  of  July  20, 1850. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  523 

Wir^  brass  or  iron per  ponnd..  |0  08 

Woolen  lace : 

Wide per  ell..  06 

Narrow.. « do....  03 

Waistcoata: 

Of  fine  cloth,  withsleeyes each..  2  00 

Of  light  stofb per  dozen..  3  00 

Of  kerseymere,  silk  cloth,  or  other  stitched  stofb do....  6  00 

Of  light  stofGB do 3  00 

With  gold  or  silyerlace....'. each..  2  00 

Wool,  raw per  ponnd..  04 

Wooden  laths per  thousand..  75 

Watches : 

Gold,  of  every  quality each..  1  50 

Silver,  of  every  quality do....  75 

Brass,  of  every  quality do....  50 

Wafers • per  pound..  12 

Wigs each..  1  00 

Water-casks : 

With  wooden  hoops .\.. per  each  gallon..  01 

With  iron  hoops do....  02 

Waiters : 

,  For  tea  service,  painted,  gilded  or  not,  of  1  foot  and  above  in  diameter, 

each 75 

Same,  under  1  foot.... per  dozen. «  2  00 

Of  metal,  for  decanters '. each..  1  50 

Of  straw do....  50 

Silver-plated,  and  those  of  silver,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Wicks,  for  lamps per  gross..  12 

Whitv  brown  or  cut  pasteboard peraosea..  12 

Weiff  hts : 

For  scales,  of  copper per  bundled- weight..  9  00 

For  scales,  of  iron do....  1  00 

Watch-pockets : 

Of  silk,  embroidered per  dozen..  1  00 

Plain ...do....  50 

Of  stuff do....  25 

Wash-balls do....  16 

Wines: 

Red  and  white,  in  hogsheads per  hogshead  of  60  gallons..  3  OO 

Red  and  white,  in  cases  of  12  bottles j. per  case..  50 

Of  Madeira,  Teneriffe,  Malaga,  Bruntez,  Muscat,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 

in  hogsheads per  galkm..  12 

Of  Champagne,  Port,  Rhine,  in  cases  of  12  bottles per  ease..  50 

Of  Muscat,  Malmsey,  and  other  dessert  wines,  in  cases  of  Hs  bottles, 

^percase •• 50 

Wnite  or  colored  of  Marseilles,  commonly  known  as  Madeira  style,  in  casks, 

per  gallon 12 

Window-glass,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Whisky: 

In  casks  of  not  less  than  60  gallons per  gallon..  50 

In  casks  of  12  flasks peroase..  1  00 

Injugsof  apintandahalf per  12  Jags..  1  00 

Wimbles : 

With  augers,  assorted perdozen..  1  00 

Without  augers do 50 

Zino:  In  sheets  and  nails ....per  pound..  02 

Tariff  No.  2.— DUTIES  OX  EXPORTS. 

Mahogany perMfeet..  3  00 

Fustic  or  yellow  wood do....  1  00 

Guaiao 'peit  1,000  pounds..  10 

*  Logwood do....  1  50 

Dye-woods  of  every  sort  (exeept  logwood) do 1  00 

Cocoa '. per  100  pounds..  1  50 

Coffee do 2  50 

tColton .^ do 10 

*  Thus  modified  by  biw  of  Deeember  15. 1880. 

t  Thus  modified  by  Uw  of  Oetober  e,  ISn,  to  tekeeilMt  Jsnoary  1, 1882. 


524         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Hides per  pound..      $0  03 

Wax per  10  pounds..  50 

Tortoise-shell per  pound..  02 

Pith,  in  fiber per  1,000  pounds..  3  00 

Honey per  gallon..  04 

Tariff  No.  3.— WHARFAOE  DUES. 

Steel •». per  hundred-weight..  06 

Garlic : 

In  bulk do 04 

In  bunches per  100  bunches..  50 

Stills,  with  their  accessories each..  2  00 

Anchors  of  ships  or  for  throwing  oyerboard per  hundred- weight . .  06 

Slates,  incases .' per  case..  25 

Wardrobes each..  1  00 

Oars • per  dozen..  06 

Chests :..per  nest..  12 

Baths: 

Of  brass  or  tin each..  50 

Or  half-baths  of  brass  or  tin do 25 

Of  wood,  or  large  pails do....  04 

Scales: 

Larffe do 50 

With  columns do 06 

For  shops ••• per  dozen..  12 

Bales : 

In  chests per  nest..  12 

Of  dry  goods,  of  2  feet  and  over each..  25 

Of  dry  goods,  under  2  feet do....  12 

Barrels: 

Of  the  size  of  a  flour-barrel do 12 

Half  of  aboyesize do....  06 

Casks: 

Full,  of55to60ffallons do 25 

Full,  and  over  60  gallons do....  50 

Empty,  of55  to  60  gallons do 04 

Em^ty,  over  60  gallons do....  08 

Butter,  m  firkins per  hundred..  12 

Beer,  in  tierces .each..  18 

Billiards ,....do 2  00 

Biscuits : 

In  barrels • do....  12 

In  half-barrels do  ...  06 

In  sacks per  hundred- weight..  06 

In  small  barrels  or  firkins * each..  04 

Smoked  beef per  hundred- weight..  12 

Mahogany per  1,000  feet,  reduced,  national  money..  2  00 

Yellow  wood  or  fustic per  1,000  pounds..  50 

Gaacnm  wood,  Brazil  wood k..do....  50 

Squared  timber,  pitch-pine,  pine do....  50 

Hogsheads  (one  in  another) each..  06 

Hogsheads,  full.    (See  articles  therein  contained.) 

Bricks per  thousand..  50 

Wheelbarrows each..  06 

Sideboards do 1  00 

Bureaus,  writing-desks,  d^ do....  1  00 

Cabs.    (See  Carriages.) 

Wagons,  large  and  medium  size each..  50 

Cocoa per  thousand,  national  money..  50 

Cases  of  provisions,  selling  per  pound,  per  hundred,  or  per  hundred- weight. .  12 

Boxes  of  smoked  herrings each..  04 

Boxes  of  dry- j^oods,  of  2  feet  and  over do 25 

Boxes  of  diy-goods,  under  2  feet do 12 

Logwood per  thousand,  national  mone v..  50 

Sotas,  divers each..  25 

Marble  tiles per  thousand..  2  00 

Barsac  tiles per  armful..  25 

Alotte  tiles,  and  large  stones  for  building  purposes per  dozen . .  25 

Tiles,  ordinary per  thousand..  50 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.  525 

• 

Coaches.    (See  Carriages.) 

Caskets per  nest..  |0  12 

Chairs,  divers per  dozen..  1  00 

Hats... per  hogshead  or  case..  50 

Heads  for  stills,  detached each..  30 

Candles,  in  cases per  hundred- weight..  12 

Coal per  hogshead..  50 

Carryalls.    (See  Carriages.) 

Boilers,  for  sugar each..  25 

Boilers,  of  casting per  hundred- weight..  12 

Bells,  of  iron,  casting,  or  copper * do 12 

N.ails,  of  every  quality do 12 

Smoked  pork • do 12 

Chest  of  drawers each..  1  00 

Ropes,  divers per  hundred- weight..  12 

Cotton .....per  thousand,  national  monev..  50 

Couleuvres  for  alambios,  detached eaoh..  50 

Cowhides,  salted per  100  hides,  national  money..  50 

Copper per  hundred-weight..  06 

DemHohns,  of  all  sizes,  fhll  or  empty each..  02 

Half-barrels,  in  general,  the  size  of  nalf-banel  of  flour do 06 

Bigdales,  full  or  empty do....  02 

Sugar-plums,  In  cases  of  12  bottles,  or  12  flasks,  or  30  vials per  case. .  06 

Sugar-plums,  in  double  cases • do....  12 

Brandy  (same  duty  as  on  gin  and  on  whisky). 
Sifters.    (See  Sieves.) 
Eschalots : 

In  bulk per  hundred- weieht..  04 

In  bunches per  100  bunches..  50 

Anvils each..  25 

Spars do....  06 

Pewter •- per  hundred- weight..  06 

Vices each 12 

Sheathing,  divers per  thousand..  50 

Crockery : 

In  hogsheads per  hoeshead..  50 

In  baskets per  casket..  36 

Crockery : 

In  crates each..  36 

In  large  cases do....  36 

Inhampersor  half  baskets do 18 

Flour,  wheat  or  rye per  barrel..  12 

Do per  half  barrel..  06 

Iron  in  bars,  pig  or  sheet per  hundred- weight..  06 

Old  iron per  hogshead..  50 

Iron  tools .- • per  tierce..  18 

Iron  tools,  not  boxed per  hundred- weight..  06 

Hoop-iron do....  06 

Hoop-wood per  thousand..  50 

Fountains each..  12 

Sugar-molds per  dozen..  12 

Firkins.    (See  articles  therein  contained.) 

Cheese per  hundred- weight..  12 

Brandied  fruits : 

Per  case  of  12  bottles,  12  flasks,  or  30  vials each..  06 

In  double  cases per  case..  12 

Gin: 

In  casks  of  60  gallons eaoh  cask..  25 

In  casks  of  more  than  60  gallons do....  50 

Injngsor  incases,  the  case  or  12  Jugs 06 

Graplings per  hundred- weight..  06 

Harps each..  1  00 

Clocks : 

Large » each..  1  00 

Forkitchens  and  ante-rooms do....  25 

Oil: 

In  oases  of  12  bottles,  12  flasks,  or  30  vials do....  06 

In  double  cases do....  12 

In  Jugs do....  02 

In  cases  of  12  flasks do....  04 

In  firkins do....  04 


626 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Hams,  oot  boxed per  hundred- weight. 

Jugs,  assorted each. 

Beef  tongues,  cured,  not  boxed do... 

Bacon,  not  boxed per  hundred- weight. 

Laths each. 

Liquors : 

Of  all  qualities,  in  cases  of  12  bottles,  12  flasks,  or  30  vials do.. . 

Same,  in  double  oases do... 

IndemUohns,  inanoresof  8gallons ^ do... 

In  demgohns,  in  luiores  of  4  gallons  and  less do... 

Beds,  diyers ^ do... 

Madeira,  in  barrels  of  55  to  60  gallons • do... 

Com: 

In  grain  or  in  meal ••• perbaciel. 

In  grain  or  in  meal per  half  barrel . 

Trunks  of  diy  goods : 

Of  2  feet  and  over each. 

Under  2 feet do... 

Lard  in  firkins '. per  hundred- weight. 

Merchandise  in  general,  selling  by  the  pound,  the  hundred,  and  the  thousand, 

per  hundred ••• 

Mattresses,  by  the  cargo each. 

Clapboards per  thousand. 

Grindstones,  assorted per  dozen. 

Mortars: 

Of  iron  or  brass,  for  apothecaries each. 

Of  marble,  assorted perdosen. 

Codfish  and  dry  salt  cod: 

In  hogsheads per  hogshead. 

In  tierces per  tierce. 

Steam-mills  for  sugar  refineries each. 

Milhs: 

For  winnowing  and  cleaning  coffee • do... 

For  seeding  and  combing  cotton do.. . 

For  tobacco do... 

For  com,  not  encased do... 

Wicker  mats per  dozen. 

Onions : 

In  bulk per  hundred- weight. 

In  bunches .• per  100  buncoes. 

Organs each. 

Osier t. ,...per  lOOhandfuls. 

Baskets  of  osier,  empty,  assorted per  dozen. 

Skins: 

Various,  loose,  large do... 

Varioas,  loose,  small,  kid,  goat,  sheep,  and  hog  • do... 

Paints,  in  pots per  hundred- weight. 

Spades per  dozen. 

Pianos each. 

Puncheons  for  water  and  mm : 

Of  55  to  60  gallons do... 

Above  60  snllons ; do... 

Stones.     (See  Tiles.) 

Crowbars  and  pick-axes per  hundred- weight. 

Pith ..per  thousand  pounds. 

Lead,  in  pig  or  in  leaf per  hundred-weight. 

Stoves  and  small  stoves,  not  boxed per  dozen. 

Weights,  in  iron  or  copper,  for  balances per  hundred- weight. 

Beans  of  all  sorts per  barrel. 

*  Do per  half  barrel. 

Fire-engines each. 

Pumps : 

For  ships do... 

For  wells  and  hand-pumps do... 


Hydraulic • do... 

For  printing • » .do... 

For  copying,  not  boxed do... 

For  binding,  not  boxed do... 

For  stamping,  not  boxed  — ... « .  ....do... 


to  12 
12 
12 
12 
50 

60 
12 
06 
03 
1  00 
25 

12 

06 

25 
12 
12 

12 
12 

50 
I  00 

12 
25 

50 

18 

1  00 


1 
1 


00 
00 
25 
04 
|0  12 

04 
50 
25 
12 
12 

12 
06 
12 
06 
1  00 

25 
50 

06 
50 
06 
06 
06 
12 
06 
1  00 

25 
12 


I 

1 


00 
00 
25 
25 
12 


TARIFFS   OF  THE  SEVERAL  CfOUKTRIES.  527 

ProTisions  in  oases.     ( See  Cases. ) 

Pulleys,  assorted,  not  boxed per  dozen..    |0  06 

Qnittennes.     (See  Carriages.) 

Kice,  in  hogsheads,  tierces,  half-tieroes,  and  in  bags.  ..per  hundred- weight..  12 

Wheels: 

Of  wagons,  detached per  pair..  40 

Of  oarriaffes do....  25 

Rolls.     (See  Linen  drapery.) 

SacKk,  empty,  not  packed per  hundred..  25 

Salt  provisions per  tierce..  18 

Do per  barrel..  12 

Do do 06 

Provisions,  in  firkins  or  cases  of  12  flasks ^ 04 

Soapj  in  cases per  hnndred-weight..  12 

Writing-desks,  portable,  of  mahogany  or  other  wood each. .  04 

Bird-organs do....  04 

Forge-bellows,  not  packed do....  25 

Batchers'  bellows,  not  packed per  hundred- weight..  12 

Tobacco,  in  twist,  not  packed : do....  12 

Tables  of  every  kind each..  12 

Sifters,  of  wool  or  pewter • per  dozen..  25 

Earthenware : 

In  honbeads each..  50 

In  baskets  or  crates do....  36 

In  bulk per  100  pieces..  1  00 

Tierces.     (See  articles  therein  contained.) 

Linen  drapery per  hogshead..  50 

Do per  tierce..  18 

Drapery,  such  as  colette,  wrapper,  and  other,  not  packed per  roll. .  04 

Sheet  iron per  hundred- weight..  06 

Rubbish-carts each..  1  00 

Backgammon-boards do 25 

Files per  thousand..  50 

Vermicelli,  macaroni,  and  other  pastes,  in  cases  or  baskets.per  hund.-weight . .  12 
Wine: 

In  barrels  of  55  to  60  gallons each..  |0  25 

In  barrelsof  more  than  60  gallons '..do....  50 

In  tierces do....  18 

In  cases  of  12  bottles,  12  fiasks,  or  30  vials do....  6 

In  doable  cases 1 do....  12 

Vinegar : 

In  barrelsof  55  to  60  gallons per  barrel..  25 

In  demi^ohosof  4  gallons each..  6 

In  den4johns  of  less  than  4  gallons do....  3 

In  jars per  Jar..  4 

In  cases  of  12 flasks per  case..  4 

Carriages: 

Coaches,  cal^eches,  cabs,  quitterines,  carryalls,  and  tillburys each..  2  00 

For  children,  on  springs do 25 

Whisky : 

In  casks  of  60  gallons each..  25 

In  cases  of  more  than  60  gallons do....  50 

In  cases  or  Jues the  case  or  12iuffs.. 

Zinc  in  sheets,  and  nails per  hundred- weight.. 


6 
6 


Tariff  No.  4.— DUTIES  OF  WEIGHING. 


The  duties  of  weighing,  for  imports,  shall  be  collected  upon  all  merchandise  which  is 
sold  by  the  pound,  the  hundred-weight,  or  the  ton,  whatever  may  be  the  designa- 
tion oi  said  merchandise,  at  the  rate  of  fifty  cents  per  each  thousand,  to  wit,  $0.50. 

Tariff  No.  5.— FOUNTAIN  DUTIES. 

Fountain  dues,  where  there  is  a  fountain  for  the  accommodation  of  vessels  of  com- 
merce: 

Foreaoh  vessel  of  15  to50  tons |2  00 

For  each  vessel  of  51  to  100  tons 3  00 

For  each  vessel  of  101  to  150  tons , 4  50 

For  each  vessel  of  151  to  250  tons ;. 6  00 

For  each  vessel  of  251  to  300  tons 7  50 

Foreaoh  vessel  above  300  tons »••.•••  10  00 


528  TABIFP8  *0F   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

MODIFICATIONS  OF  TARIFF. 

NOTES. 

Where  merchandise  is  of  finer  qnality  and  larger  size  than  that  designated  in  the 
tariff,  dnty  shall  be  charged  in  such  manner  as  to  accord  with  its  quality  or  sise,  pro- 

Jortioned  to  the  duty  fixed  by  the  tariff.    (Article  24,  third  parag^raph  of  the  law  of 
uly  1,  1871.) 

A  surtax  of  fifty  per  cent,  upon  the  established  duties  upon  imports ;  of  weighing: 
and  of  wharfage :  of  imi>orts,  and  upon  the  established  diity  of  tonnage  is  collected 
and  credited  to  tne  Caisse  of  Amortissemeut.    (Law  of  November  17,  1^6.) 

A  surtax  of  twenty  per  cent,  upon  exports  is  collected  and  credited  to  the  Caisse  of 
Amortissemeut.    (Law  of  November  17, 1876. 


HAYTIAV  TAHTTF  CHAH0E8. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  QOVTIER,  OF  CAPE  HATTIEN. 

The  Haytian  legislatare  at  their  extraordlDary  session  enacted  a  law 
diminishing  the  export  duties  on  coffee  33^  per  cent.  As  the  coffee  crop 
is  600,000«000  i)onnds,  and  the  dnties  $3  per  1(K)  pounds,  this  makes 
$1,800,000,  one-third  of  which  is  $600,000,  revenue  which  the  Oovern- 
ment  relinquishes;  but  to  equilibrate  this,  33^  per  cent,  has  been  added 
to  all  importations. 

Inclosure  No.  1  will  show  the  mode  of  calculating  the  duties,  with  the 
33^  per  cent,  additioual. 

No.  2  shows  the  heavy  port  charges. 

I  have  selected,  jpro/orma,  a  vessel  of  400  tons.  Omitting  the  charges 
for  throwing  away  the  ballast,  at  25  cents  per  ton  of  ballast,  the  port 
charges  amount  to  $1,141,  and  should,  as  some  of  our  merchants  sup- 
pose, the  33^  per  cent,  be  added  to  the  tonnage  dues  of  vessels  it  will 
augment  this  sum  $133.34,  making  a  total  of  $1,274.34. 

1  caUed  this  morning  on  the  minister  of  war,  and  told  him  that 
although  I  know  that  it  regards  the  minister  of  finances,  still  I  desired 
to  speak  to  him,  informally^  concerning  the  33^  per  cent,  on  vessels, 
which,  I  thought,  would  be  a  heavy  additional  tax  should  the  new  law 
on  importations  be  so  construed  as  to  include  them. 

He  replied  that  he  did  not  think  that  the  new  law  affects  vessels;  still 
I  should  bear  in  mind  that  he  only  expressed  a  personal  opinion. 

STANISLAS  QOUTIEB; 

Consul. 

United  States  Consulate, 

Cape  Eaytien^  March  28, 1883. 


No.  1,—Mode  of  computing  the  import  duties  in  Hayti  on  and  after  April  1,  1883,  uflien  the 
new  tariff  which  adds  33^  per  cent,  on  all  importatione  will  became  effective  (vir,  33  per 
cent,  on  first  duty). 

One  barrel  of  pork : 

First  dnty  on  1  barrel  pork $1  50 

Wharfage  per  barrel - 12 

Total  first  dnty 1  62 

50  per  cent,  additional 61 

33|  per  cent;  additional  on  |1.02 54 

#  — ^-^1— 

Dnties  on  1  barrel  x>ork ^ 2  97 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  CbUNTRIES.         529 

One  hundred  pounds  of  lard : 

First  duty  on  100  pounds  lard $1  00 

Wharfage  on  1  box  lard 12 

Weighing  100  pounds 5 

Total  first  duty  ....: 1  17 

50  percent,  additional 59 

'33^  per  cent,  additional  on  $1.17 39 

Duties  on  100  pounds  lard,  2.15  cents  per  pound 2  15 

One  bale  of  denims,  500  yards=400  ells : 

First  duty  on  400  ells  denims,  at  2^  cents 10  00 

Wharfage  on  1  bale  denims,  at  2^  cents 25 

Total  first  duty 10  25 

50  per  cent,  additional ." 5  13 

33^  per  cent,  additional  on  $10.25 3  42 

Duties  on  400  ells  denims,  4.70  cents  per  ell 16  80 

^0.  2. — Part  charges  an  a  vessel  af  400  tans  at  Cape  Haytien, 

First  duty,  viz,  $1  per  ton |400  00 

50  i)er  cent,  additional .• 200  00 

600  00 

Inward  pilotage  (pilot's  share) $8  00 

Look-out  man  (man's  share) 1  00 

Inward  pilotage  (Government's  share) $8  00 

Look-out  man  (Government's  share) 1  00 

9  00 
20  x>er  cent,  additional 1  80 

10  80 

Outward  pilotage  (pilot's  share) 5  00 

Outward  pilotage  (Government's  share) 5  00 

20  x>er  cent,  additional 1  00 

6  00 

30  80 

Inteipreter 2  00 

fitanip  paper 10  50 

Health  ofl&cer  (doctor's  share) 8  00 

Health  oflScer  (Government's  share) 8  00 

50  per  cent,  additional 4  00 

12  00 

20  00 

Custom-house  clerk  to  seal  hatches 5  00 

Fountain  (when  there  is  water  running) 10  00 

Clearance  at  the  custom-house 5  00 

Clearance  at  the  Administration  of  Finances 5  00 

Clearance  at  the  Bureau  du  Port  and  at  Bureau  de  la  Place 2  70 

12  70 

691  00 
N.  B.— The  vessel  pays  25  cents  i>er  ton  to  the  captain  of  the  port  for  dis- 
charging her  ballast. 

The  vessel  paying  her  own  port  oharices  pays  for  lighters  to  convey  the  log- 
wood at  the  rate  of  50  cents  per  1,000  pounds  French  weight ;  consequently 
a  vessel  of  400  tons  loading  900,000  pounds  pays  for  lighters 450  00 

1,141  oa 

The  new  tariff  which  addsSS^  per  cent,  on  all  importations  on  and  after  April 
1  proximo  will  be  added  to  the  first  duty  of  |1  per  ton,  viz,  33^  i>er  cent, 
on  1400 133  34 

Total  port  charges  according  to  the  new  tariff 1,274  34 

1784  CONG — ^A  P 34 


530  TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTEIES. 


CUBA. 
DUTIES  OH  IMPORTS  AHD  WHOLESALE  aUOTATIOHS. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  ROOSEYSLT,  OF  MATANZA8. 

(Besides  the  duties  marked  in  this  review,  an  addition  of  25  per  cent* 
is  paid  on  all  imported  articles  as  war  contribution.  All  duties  are  pay- 
able in  Spanish  gold.) 

Apples:  2^  cents  per  kilogram  under  the  Spanish  flag,  and  3^  cents 
per  kilogram  under  foreign  flag;  quoted  at  $5  and  $6  per  barrel,  gold. 

Beaus:  duty,  $2.15  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  22  and  22^  reales 
per  arrobe,  paper. 

Brooms :  duty,  $8  per  100  kilograms ;  quoted  at  $4J  to  $8^  per  dozen 
in  paper,  according  to  quality. 

Butter:  duty,  $11.50  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  $63  to  $68  i)er  cwt, 
paper,  according  to  class  and  packages. 

Candles:  duty,  $13  per  kilogram,  composition  and  sperm;  quoted  at 
$28  and  $29  per  cwt.,  in  paper. 

Cheese:  duty,  $11,80  per  100  kilograms  on  Dutch,  and  on  American 
$8.26  per  100  kilograms;  flat  and  round,  quoted  at  $56  and  $58  per  cwt. 
in  paper. 

Chewing  tobacco:  duty,  $14 per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  $51  and  $55 
per  cwt.,  according  to  quality. 

Clear  pork:  duty,  $8.25  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  $30  to  $30}  per 
cwt.  for  ribs,  and  $31  for  shoulders. 

'  Coal  oil :  duty,  $1.40  per  100  kilograms ;  quoted  at  10  reales  per  arrobe, 
paper. 

Crackers:  duty,  4}  cents  per  kilogram;  common  classes  quoted  from 
14  to  20  reales  for  small  tins. 

Salt  fish:  duty,  $3.80  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  for  cod,  $14  per  cwt 
and  $12  to  $13  per  cwt.  for  hake  and  haddock,  paper. 

Corn:  duty,  $1.40  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  10  reales  per  arrobe. 

Flour:  duty,  from  Spain  in  Spanish  vessels,  $2.25;  for  Spanish  in  for- 
eign vessels,  $4.50;  from  foreign  countries  in  Spanish  vessels,  $4.62}; 
from  foreign  countries  in  foreign  vessels,  $5.51  per  100  kilograms,  in- 
cluding the  weight  of  the  barrel;  quoted  at  $27}  to  $28  per  barrel  and 
at  $26}  in  bags;  American,  from  $30}  to  31  per  barrel,  and  &om  $28}  to 
$29}  in  bags,  according  to  brands,  paper. 

Hams:  duty,  $8.35  per  100  kilograms  for  American,*  and  $19.30  for 
Westphalia,  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  $30  and  $40  for  middling  and 
good  classes. 

Hay :  duty,  $1  per  100  kilograms ;  quoted  from  $9.50  to  $10  per  Ameri- 
can bale,  paper. 

Smoked  herrings:  duty,  $2.45  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  7}  and  8 
reales  per  box,  ]>aper. 

Lard:  duty,  $9.75  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  $34}  to  34f  per  cwt. 
in  tierces;  whole  tins  at  $38  and  $38}  per  cwt.;  halves  and  quarters  at 
$39}  and  $40  per  cwt.,  paper. 

Oats  and  bran:  duty,  per  Spanish  flag,  11  to  20  cents  per  100  kilo- 
grams, and  per  foreign.  $1.40  per  100  kilograms;  oats  quoted  at  $6}  per 
bag;  bran,  at  $5}  per  oag,  pax)er. 

*  Although  the  consul  has  giveu  the  duty  ou  American  hams  at  $8.35  per  100  kilo- 
grams, It  evidently  should  be  $18.35  per  100  kilograms. 


TARIFFS    OF    THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES.  531. 

OuioDs:  duty,  $1.40  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  $6^  per  cwt.  paper. 

Oysters:  duty,  $24  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  at  $ll|  and  $12  per 
box,  paper. 

Paper:  duty,  $3.80  per  100  kilograms^  quoted,  American  straw  yellovr 
])aper  at  82  to  8J  reales  per  ream ;  Belgian,  from  8  to  8^  reales  per  ream  ; 
Manila,  10  to  lOJ  reales  per  ream,  paper. 

Pickles:  IC^^  cents  per  kilogram;  quoted  from  $5  to  $13  pef  box,  ac~ 
cording  to  quality  and  size  of  bottles,  paper. 

Potatoes:  duty,  $1.40  per  100  kilograms;  quoted  from  $9  to  $9.50  per 
barrel,  paper. 

Salt:  duty,  $2.37  per  100  kilograms  for  fine,  and  $1.18  for  coarse^ 
quoted  ft'om  $7.50  to  $7.75  per  200  pounds. 

Coals :  duty,  60  cents  per  1,000  kilograms;  quoted  from  $6J  to  $7  per 
ton  gold. 

Lumber:  duty,  $6.40  per  1,000  superficial  feet;  quoted  at  $30  per  M^ 
gold,  for  white  pine  boards,  and  $30  to  $30J  per  M,  gold,  for  pitch  pine 
lumber. 

GEORGE  W.  ROOSEVELT, 

OonmL 

United  States  Consulate,  . 

MatanzaSy  January  31,  1881. 


PORTO     RICO. 
TAEIFF  AND  TARIFF  BEOUTATIONS  OF  POETO  EIGO. 

REPORT  BY  COMMERCIAL  AGENT  HUBBARD,  OF  MATAQUEZ. 

The  entire  tariff  of  import  and  export  duties  of  this  island  has  been 
remodeled,  the  system  itself  being  completely  changed,  and  now  duties 
are  paid  principally  upon  weight  and  measurement  instead  of  ad  valorem 
BA  formerly. 

1  therefore  add  to  the  usual  tables  one  of  comparative  duties,  whiclx 
1  inclose  herewith,  marked  E,  which  states — 

The  duties  under  former  tariff*. 

The  duties  under  present  tariff. 

The  difference  between  the  former  and  present  tariff*. 

The  present  duties  under  Spanish  flag. 

By  this  table  it  will  be  seen  that  for  a  number  of  articles  of  ordinary 
consumption  importeil  from  the  United  States,  the  present  tariff  is  favor- 
able to  importers  and  consumers,  but  for  butter,  cheese,  grindstones, 
codfish,  herrings,  shingles,  and  leaf  tobacco  a  considerable  increases 
has  been  imposed,  while  for  pork  and  crackers,  or  biscuits,  the  new 
duties  are  enormous,  and  for  manufactured  tobacco  it  is  so  high  that  ib 
amounts  to  a  prohibition. 

This  tariff  is  much  opposed  to  the  interests  of  this  colony-.  Some 
articles  which  could  easily  have  supported  their  former  duties  were 
reduced  without  reason,  wiiile  others  that  are  of  first  importance  were 
almost  unaccountably  increased.  As  an  instance  of  this  latter,  1  will 
name  empty  coffee  bags,  which  are  of  absolute  necessity  for  the  export 
of  the  crops  of  coffee.  These  bags  are  largely  imported  from  England 
and  Germany,  where  they  cost,  according  to  quality,  say  about  12  cents 
each.  The  former  duties  amounted  to  not  quite  3  cents  each,  while  under 
tha  present  tariff  they  have  to  pay  about  15  cents. 


632         TARIFFS  OF  TDE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

In  fact,  there  are  so  many  iDCongruities  in  the  new  tariff  that  a  com- 
mittee has  been  formed,  and  is  now  sitting  at  St.  John's,  to  investigate 
and  note  all  complaints  and  advocate  the  settlement  of  this  much-vexe^ 
question,  so  that  the  interests  of  the  Government  and  the  commerce 
may  agree  as  nearly  as  possible. 

This  committee  will  remain  in  permanence  until  the  1st  of  April  next, 
when  their  report  will  be  made  and  sent  to  the  home  Grovernment  for 
its  decision ;  meanwhile  our  local  government  seems  anxions  to  Hid 
commercial  interests  in  the  matter,  and  all  mail  matter  addressed  to 
committee  from  any  part  of  the  colony  is  allowed  to  be  sent  free  of 
lK)8tage. 

Various  changes  have  been  made  in  the  system  of  stamps  and  stamped 
paper,  to  go  into  effect  on  the  1st  of  January  next ;  but  this  will  affect 
legal  matters  principally,  except  in  regard  to  books  kept  by  merchants, 
on  which  heavy  stamp  duties  will  be  enforced  on  all  books  commenced 
after  that  date.  When  the  system  goes  into  effect,  the  stamp  tax  will 
amount  to  $100  to  $300  yearly  on  mercantile  houses  here,  according  to 
their  importance. 

FOES. 

It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  the  extremely  vexatious  and  costly 
fines  to  masters  of  vessels  for  faults  and  errors  in  their  manifests  can- 
not be  done  away  with,  but  as  long  as  the  present  system  exists,  by 
which  the  revenue  clerk  or  official  who  discovers  the  error  or  default 
participates  directly  in  the  amount  of  the  fine,  they  will  be  continued, 
and  the  only  way  to  avoid  them  is  by  the  exactitude  and  correctness  of 
the  manifests. 

Under  the  new  tariff,  the  duties  being  calculated  principally  by  weight, 
the  gross  weight  in  kilograms  of  all  goods  shipped  should  be  correctly 
stated,  and  the  merchant  or  banker  having  in  charge  the  making  up  of 
the  manifests  should  be  impressed  with  the  importance  of  his  duty  and 
take  particular  pains  to  give  an  exact  statement  of  the  gross  weight  of 
every  article  in  Spanish  kilograms.  I  further  recommend  that  any 
articles  on  which  there  is  any  doubt  should  be  weighed  before  going 
into  the  ship  and  the  exact  weights  inserted  in  the  manifests. 

Two  cases  of  fines  have  lately  come  to  my  knowledge  officially,  which 
will  serve  to  illustrate  this  subject:  The  American  schooner  Buth  Dar- 
ling arrived  here  from  Jacksonville  on  the  31st  of  October  last,  with 
about  160,000  feet  of  pitch-pine  lumber;  the  calculation  should  have 
been  2  kilograms  per  foot  of  lumber,  making  320,000  kilograms ;  instead, 
however,  of  following  this  rule,  which  is  well  known,  or  ought  to  be,  in 
every  port  from  which  pitch-pine  lumber  is  shipped  for  Port  Bico,  the 
party  who  made  the  manifest  of  the  cargo  in  Jacksonville  calculated 
half  a  kilogram  per  foot,  making  80,000  kilograms  instead  of  320,000. 

In  this  case  it  was  probably  not  the  intention  of  the  party  in  question 
to  defraud  the  Government,  but  it  appeared  so.  The  vessel  was  fined 
$400  Spanish  gold,  besides  having  to  pay  tonnage  duty  on  320,000  kilo- 
grams, and  not  on  80,000. 

The  American  brig  Florence  J.  Henderson  arrived  in  Agaadilla  in 
November  from  New  York  with  5,125  sugar  shooks  and  heads,  part  for 
that  port  and  part  for  this,  the  manifest  for  which  was  made  for  some 
90J900  kilograms  less  than  the  actual  weight. 

The  vessel  was  fined  in  conformity  with  the  new  tariff  about  $550  in 
Aguadilla,  and  would  have  been  subjected  to  the  same  fine  here,  making 
a  total  of  $1,100  which  the  master  would  have  had  to  pay. 

In  both  cases  I  took  the  proper  steps  to  intercede  with  the  Govern- 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         533 

ment  for  the  remission  of  these  fines,  guaranteeing  the  honesty  and 
non-intent  of  fraud  of  the  parties  interested,  and  that  the  mistakes 
occurred  solely  from  negligence  or  ignorance  on  the  part  of  those  who 
made  up  the  manifests  for  the  masters. 

The  data  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  Consul  Conroy  at  St.  Johu's, 
and  it  is  owing  solely  to  his  zeal  and  tact  that  the  Government  con- 
sented to  release  those  vessels  from  the  penalty,  the  fine  on  the  Ruth 
Darling  having  been  .waived  altogether,  and  that  of  the  Henderson  re- 
duced to  $50. 

GORHAM  E.  HUBBARD, 

Commei'cial  Agent. 
United  States  Commercial  Agency, 

Mayaguezy  December  31, 1881. 


NEW   PROVIDENCE. 
TABIFF  LAWS  OF  THE  COLONY  OF  NEW  PEOVIDENGE. 

REPORT  BT  CONSUL  M'LAIN,  OF  NASSAU. 

I  have  the  honor  to  say  that,  in  compliance  with  the  request  contained 
in  your  circular  dispatch  of  December  1, 1881,  received  by  the  last  mail, 
I  have  this  day  forwarded  you  a  printed  pamphlet  containing,  among 
other  matters,  the  specific  information  you  desired  touching  the  tariff 
laws  and  rates  of  duty  as  they  now  exist  within  this  colony. 

These  items  will  be  found  on  pages  41  to  49  inclusive,  and  this  is  the 
only  shape  (aside  from  the  balky  volume  of  Bahama's  Statutes)  in  which 
the  tariff*  laws  and  rates  of  import  and  export  duties  of  this  colony  ap- 
pear in  print,  and  I  trust  it  may  prove  satisfactory  to  the  Department. 

THOMAS  J.  MoLAIN,  Jb., 

Consul, 
United  States  Consulate, 

Nassauj  January  2,  1882. 


THE   TARIFF. 
Table  of  import  duHes, 

Per  act  39  Vic,  cap.  1.    (Continaed  for  three  years  by  43  Vic,  cap.  2.) 

£  8,  d. 

Alcohol perffallon..  0  4  0 

Ale  and  i>orter,  in  wood do 0  0  6 

Ale  and  i>orter  (in  bottles),  qaarts per  dozen..  0  10 

Apples porbarrel..  0  2  6 

Beans  and  pease perboshel..  0  0  3 

Biscuit  and  bread,  fancy per  lOOpoonds..  0  4  0 

Biscnit  and  bread,  common ^ per  barrel..  0  2  0 

Brandy pergallon..  0  9  2 

Butter perpound..  0  0  0 

Cabbages per  100..  0  4  2 

Calves each..  0  6  0 

Candles,  sperm,  wax,  and  adamantine,  or  any  composition  of  tallow  and 

other  substances per  100  pounds..  0  11  0 

Candles,  tallow do 0  6  0 


534  TARIFFS    OF   THE   filEVERAL    COUNTRIES. 

jC.   s.    d, 

Cattle,  cows,  balls,  and  oxen each . .  0  10    0 

"Olieese * per  100  jiounds. .  0  10    0 

CJider,  in  wood ) 

Oider,  in  bottles  (quarts)   >  20  per  cent,  ad  Talorem. 

'Cider,  champagne ) 

Oigars,  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  and  per  thousand 0    8    0 

Cocoa per  100  pounds..  0    3    0 

Coffee do 0    8    0 

Colts  and  foals  ... .' *. each..  100 

Copper  and  yellow  metals  in  sheets,  copper  and  comi>06ition  bolt«  and 

nails per  100  pounds..  0    7    6 

Cordials,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  • 

Corn perbusbel..  0    0    3 

Corn  meal  and  hominy per  barrel..  0    2    0 

Currants,  figs,  and  raisins per  100  pounds . .  0    8    0 

Dogs each..  0  10    0 

Fish,  dried  or  salted per  100  pounds. .  0    2    6 

Fish,  pickled  salmon,  mackerel,  and  shad per  barrel . .  0-4    6 

FMsh,  herrings,  ale  wives,  and  other  kinds  not  enumerated do 0    4  *6 

Flonr(wheat)   do 0    5    0 

Flourrrye) do 0    2    0 

Cin,  whisky,  and  other  spirits  not  enumerated per  gallon . .  0    3    9 

Coats each..  0    2    0 

Cnnpowder per  pound . .  0    0    6 

Hay per  100  pounds..  0    10 

Honey  and  simp X>er  gallon..  0    0    2 

Horses,  mares,  and  geldings each..  10    0 

Hulks,  and  materials  of  vessels,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Xard t perpound..  0    0    1 

Xiumber perMieet..  0  10    0 

3ieat,  poultry,  and  game,  fresh  on  ice per  100  pounds..  0    6    0 

3ieat  salted  or  cured do 0    6    0 

IMolasses per  gallon . .  0    0    2J 

ilules and  asses each..  0  10    0 

INailsofiron per  100  pounds..  0    3    0 

Oats  and  bran per  bushel . .  0    0    3 

Oils,  kerosene,  linseed,  and  qther  kinds  unenumerated,  except  essential 

oils pergallou..  0    0    7^ 

Oils,olive,8perm,lard,naphtha,and  all  other  fluids  used  forburoing. do 0    10 

Pitch,  rosin,  and  tar per  barrel . .  0    13 

Potatoes,  onions,  and  other  vegetables do 0    10 

Prunes per  100  pounds . .  0  10    0 

Uico do 0    2    0 

Hum,  stronger  than  18  per  babble per  gallon . .  0    4    6 

Hum,  18  and  not  weaker  than  24  per  bubble do 0    3    9 

Hum,  weaker  than  24  per  bubble do 0    3    0 

Sheep each..  0    2    0 

•IShingles,  cypress perM..  0    2    6 

Shingles,  not  cypress do 0    2    0 

Soap,  common  washing per  100  pounds..  0    5    0 

■Sugar,  unretined do 0    5    6 

Sugar,  white  clayed do 0  10    0 

•Su^ar,  refined ^do 0  12    6 

•Swiue do 0    2    6 

Tallow do 0    3    0 

Tea  of  all  sorts perpound..  0     10 

Tobacco,  manufactured per  100  pounds..  1  10    0 

Tobacco,  unmanufactured do 0  11    3 

Turpentine perbarrel..  0     13 

Turpentine,  spirits  of do 0    0    3 

Wines  of  all  kinds 20  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  and  per  gaUon . .  0    2    0 

Articles  not  enumerated,  except  such  as  are  comprised  in  the  table  of  exemptions, 
SO  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Provided^  alwaySy  That  articles  herein  made  subject  on  regular  importation  to  the 
tfbbovc  ad  valorem  duty,  when  not  originally  shipped  with  the  intention  of  being 
tjronjrht  into  this  colony,  however  subsequently  they  may  be  imported,  and  when  the 
requisite  information  for  i>erfect  entry  of  the  same  as  to  the  cost  or  value  in  the  coun- 
try of  production  or  place  at  which  they  were  originally  shipped  cannot  be  ascer- 
tained or  obtained,  shall,  in  lieu  of  such  duty,  be  charged  a  duty  of  25  per  centum 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  535 

on  the  Talne  at  the  port  of  entry,  or  on  the  price  which  they  shall  realize  at  auction 
when  sold  and  delivered  for  consumption  therein,  at  the  option  of  the  importer,  agent, 
or  consignee. 

II.  That  all  articles  specified  in  the  following  table  of  exemptions  be  imported 
without  the  payment  of  any  duties  whatsoever : 

TABLE  OF  EXEMPnOXS. 

Articles  imported  or  supplied  out  of  a  bonded  warehouse  for  the  imperial  or  colonial 
service. 

Articles  of  every  description  imported  or  supplied  from  a  bonded  warehouse  for  the 
ase  of  the  governor  or  officer  administering  the  government. 

Bulbs  ana  roots,  seeds  of  all  kinds,  shrubs,  and  trees  imported  for  planting,  birds, 
bullion,  cocoa-nuts,  coin,  copper  and  composition,  old,  fit  only  to  be  remanufac- 
tured  ;  cotton,  wool,  dye-woods  and  stufi's,  anddivi-divi ;  flax,  hemp,  ice,  iron,  old,  fit 
only  to  be  remanufactured ;  lignum-vitsD,  mahogany  ;  manure  of  all  kinds ;  maps, 
niettaline  ores,  oakum,  ova  of  fish,  passengers'  baggage,  philosophical  instruments 
and  apparatus,  printed  books  and  pamphlets ;  provisions  and  stores  of  every  descrip- 
tion imported  or  supplied  from  a  bonded  warehouse  for  the  use  of  Her  Migesty's  land 
and  sea  forces ;  raw  hides,  specimens  of  natural  history,  mineralogy,  or  botany,  steam 
machines  or  engines,  or  any  parts  thereof,  of  every  description  and  for  whatever  use 
Intended;  iron  rails  and  sleepers,  used  in  the  construction  of  railways  and  tram- 
"ways  I  boilers,  mills,  and  parts  of  mills  intended  to  be  used  in  the  making  of  sugar  or 
grinding  of  salt;  stills  ana  boilers  for  the  distillation  of  tnrpentine  or  otner  spirits; 
staves,  beads,  and  hoops  used  in  the  construction  of  barrels  or  other  packages  for  the 
exportation  of  spirits  of  turpentine  or  other  spirits ;  iron  screw  piles  used  in  the  con- 
struction of  wharv'es ;  cotton  gins,  tortoise  shell,  tow,  turtle,  and  fresh  fish,  not  pre- 
served in  any  way ;  wax,  woods,  cedar  aud  yellow ;  coal,  sponge,  patent  steering 
machines,  spars,  windlasses  and  capstans. 

Provided  alwaySj  That  if  metalline  orcH,  raw  hides,  dye-woods  and  stuffo,  divi-divi, 
mahogany,  lignum-vitse,  cedar  and  yellow  wood ;  wax,  hemp,  flax,  iron,  cottonwood 
or  tortoise  shell,  proposed  to  be  exempt  from  import  duties,  shall  be  brought  other- 
wise than  by  regular  importation  into  any  port  or  place  of  this  colony  and  sold  at 
public  auction,  whether  such  sale  shall  take  place  by  order  of  a  court  of  law  or 
otberwiBe,  there  shall  be  imposed  and  paid  upon  the  gross  amount  of  such  sales,  in 
xiddition  to  any  other  auction  duty  chargeable  on  such  sale,  an  auction  duty  or  tax  of 
Xf)  per  centum ;  and  the  vendue  master  or  marshal,  selling  any  such  goods,  shall  re- 
tain such  duty  of  £5  per  centum  out  of  the  gross  sales  of  the  goods  so  sold  by  him, 
und  shall  forthwith  pay  the  same  over  to  the  receiver-general  or  other  proper  receiver ; 
And  if  such  vendue  master  or  officer  shall  neglect  to  retain  such  duty,  or  having  re- 
tained the  said  duty  shall  neglect  to  pay  the  same  over  as  aforesaid,  every  such  ven- 
due master  or  officer  sball  be  personally  liable  therefor ;  and  the  same  may  be  recovered 
against  him  by  action  of  debt  in  any  court  having  jurisdiction  to  the  amount. 

III.  That  the  words  '^ provisions  aud  stores,"  in  the  second* section  of  this  act  men- 
tioned as  being  exempted  from  the  payment  of  duty,  when  imported  for  the  use  of 
Jler  Majesty's  land  and  sea  forces,  shall  not  extend  or  apply  to  cattle  or  other  live 
stock  imi>orted  by  any  contractor  for  the  supply  of  fresh  meat  to  Her  Msgesty's  said 
forces,  all  which  cattle  aud  other  live-stock  sball  be  liable  to  the  payment  of  the 
duties  by  this  act  imposed.  Andjrrovided  also,  and  be  it  enacted,  That  it  shall  not  be 
lawful  for  the  receiver-general  and  treasurer,  or  collectors  of  revenue,  as  the  case  may 
be,  tft  allow  any  provisions,  spirits,  or  other  stores  imported  or  supplied,  as  aforesaid, 
for  the  use  of  Her  Majesty's  lana  or  sea  forces  to  be  lauded  or  taken  out  of  a  bonded 
warehouse  as  free  of  duty,  except  iu  the  name  of  the  senior  officer  of  the  commissariat 
department,  or  the  quartermaster  or  other  proper  garrison  or  regimental  officer,  or  the 
purser  or  proper  naval  officer,  as  the  case  may  be. 

IV.  That  if  any  provision,  spirits,  or  other  stores  as  aforesaid,  imported  or  taken  out 
of  bond  as  for  the  use  of  Her  Majesty's  land  or  sea  forces,  shall  be  afterwards  applied 
to  any  other  use  than  the  one  mentioned  in  the  entry,  order  of  delivery,  or  other  docu- 
ment, under  the  authority  of  which  the  same  were  landed  or  taken  out  of  bond  as  free 
of  duty,  the  officer  in  whose  name  the  same  were  so  landed  or  taken  out  of  bond,  or  in 
case  of  bis  death  or  removal,  the  officer  succeeding  him  in  the  same  department,  shall 
be  liable  for  all  duties  due  ou  the  same,  or  on  such  part  thereof  as  shall  be  so  otherwise 
applied  as  aforesaid,  and  the  said  duties  shall  be  recovered  and  applied  in  the  same 
and  the  like  manner  as  other  duties  imposed  by  this  act  are  directed  to  be  recovered 
and  applied. 

V.  That  if  anv  provisions,  spirits,  or  other  stores  so  landed,  or  taken  out  of  bond  as 
aforesaid,  shall  be  clandestinely  sold,  or  otherwise  disposed  of,  other  than  to  the  use 
of  Her  Majesty's  land  or  sea  forces,  every  person  concerned  in  such  clandestine  sale  or 
disposiil,  shall  forfeit  and  pay  treble  the  value  of  the  articles  so  clandestinely  sold  or 


536         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

disposed  of,  and  all  sach  articles  bball  be  liable  to  seizure  and  condemDation,  one 
moiety  of  whieb  said  forfeitore  sball  be  paid  into  tbe  public  treasury  towards  the 
support  of  tbis  government^  and  tbe  other  *^/o  the  person  buing  for  tbe  same,  and  shall 
be  sued  for  and  recovered  in  tbe  general  court  of  these  islands. 

VI.  That  there  shall  be  imposed  and  paid  upon  the  gross  amount  of  sales  of  all 
property  disposed  of  at  public  auction  by  order  of  the  court  of  vioe-admiralty  an  aac- 
tion  duty,  or  tax  of  £2  per  centum ;  and* tbe  marshal  or  other  duly  authorized  person, 
selling  any  sucb  property  at  public  auction  as  aforesaid,  shall  retain  sncli  duty  of  £2 
l>er  centum  out  oi  tbe  gross  sales  thereof  and  shall  forthwith  pay  tbe  same  over  to  the 
receiver-general  or  other  proper  receiver,  and  if  such  marshal  or  other  duly  authorized 
person  as  aforesaid,  shall  neglect  to  retain  sucb  duty,  or  having  retained  the  said 
duty,  sball  neglect  to  pay  the  same  over  as  aforesaid,  every  sucb  marshal  or  other  duly 
authorized  officer  shall  be  personally  liable  therefor,  and  the  same  may  be  recovered 
against  him  by  action  of  debt  in  any  court  having  jurisdiction  t-o  the  amount. 

VII.  The  acts,  17  Victoria,  chapter  2;  37  Victona,  chapter  7;  :Y7  Victoria,  chapter 
8;  and  38  Victoria,  chapter  22,  sball  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed. 

VIII.  That  this  act  shall  continue  in  force  for  and  during  the  period  of  three  years, 
and  from  thence  to  the  end  of  the  then  next  session  of  assembl  v. 

By  tbe  act  to  encourage  tbe  establishment  of  manufactures  for  preserving  and  pack- 
ing fruit  and  other  articles  of  colonial  production  (39  Vic,  c.  IS),  the  various  articles 
specified  in  the  schedule  thereto  may  to  imported  without  payment  of  duty. 

Export  Duty. 

(Per  40  Vic,  cap.  7.) 

I.  There  shall  be  levied  and  paid  to  the  use  of  Her  Majesty,  her  heirs  and  successors, 
towards  the  support  of  the  government  of  these  islands,  an  export  duty  at  and  Bfter 
the  rate  of  28,  per  ton,  on  all  guano,  cave  or  other  earths  which  may  be  hereafter  ex- 
ported from  these  islands. 

II.  Where  the  actual  quantity  of  guano,  cave  or  other  earths  shipped  on  board  of 
any  vessel  for  exportation  from  the  colony  can  be  ascertained  and  shown  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  proper  revenue  officer  of  the  port  at  which  such  vessel  shall  be  cleared, 
the  duty  imposed  by  this  act  shall  be  levied  and  collected  on  such  ascertained  quan- 
tity; but  where  the  quantity  so  shipped  cannot  be  ascertained  and  shown  to  the 
satisfaction  of  tbe  said  revenue  officer,  then,  and  in  such  case  only,  the  n>gistered 
tonnage  of  any  vessel  in  which  such  guano  or  other  earths  as  aforesaid  shall  be  ex- 
X>orted,  shall  be  taken  to  be  the  number  of  tons  of  guano  or  earths  exported  in  such 
vessels,  whether  the  quantity  actually  taken  on  board  be  in  excess  or  less  than  such 
registered  tonnage. 

III.  There  shall  be  levied  and  paid  upon  the  exportation  to  any  port  or  place  within 
the  limits  of  the  government,  of  aU  articles  (except  as  hereinafter  mentioned),  which 
have  been  brougnt  or  imported  into  any  port  within  the  colony  from  beyond  the 
limits  thereof,  and  upon  which  no  duties  other  than  warehouse  duty,  auction  tax,  or 
auction  duty,  shall  have  been  levied  and  paid  upon  the  original  entry,  or  importation 
thereof,  an  export  duty  of  1^  per  centum  on  the  value  thereof. 

IV.  That  such  duty  as  last  aforesaid  shall  be  paid  by  tbe  original  consignee  or 
pgeut  of  sucb  articles,  before  the  vessel  in  which  they  are  shipped  for  exportation 
shall  leave  the  port,  and  if  not  so  paid  may  be  recovered  from  sucn  consignee  or  agent 
in  an  action  of  debt,  at  tbe  suit  of  the  officer  to  whom  the  same  is  by  this  act'made 
payable  in  any  court  having  jurisdiction  to  the  amount,  and  it  shall  also  be  lawful 
for  such  officer  to  detain  and  refuse  to  clear  out  the  vessel  in  which  such  articles  are 
intended  to  be  exported  until  such  duty  is  paid. 

V.  That  export  duty  shall  not  be  levied  under  this  act  on  any  cargo  of  any  vessel 
which  may  arrive  at  or  put  into  any  port  of  the  colony  in  distress. 

VI.  The  articles  specified  in  tbe  following  table  of  exemptions  shall  be  exported 
without  the  payment  of  any  export  duty. 

TABLE  OF  EXEMPTIONS. 

Articles  which  have  been  imported  for  the  colonial  service  and  Imperial  light-house 
service  and  exported  by  the  government ;  articles  which  have  been  imported  for  the 
use  and  accommodation  of  any  officer  of  Her  Majesty's  army  and  navy  on  full  pay  and 
doing  duty  within  these  islands,  and  exported  by  such  officer ;  articles  of  every  de- 
scription which  may  be  exported  by  tbe  governor  or  officer  administering  tbe  ^vern- 
ment ;  passengers'  baggage,  turtle,  woods — such  as  brazilletto,  cedar,  fustic,  lignum- 
vitip,  satin,  logwood,  mahogany,  and  ebony— -old  iron,  old  copper  and  brass,  speoie^ 
old  rags,  old  junk. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         537 

VII.  The  duties  by  this  act  imposed  Hball  be  collected  and  received  by  the  prope 
officers  of  the  revenue  department,  and  the  payment  thereof  enforced  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  revenue  consolidated  act,  1873. 

VIII.  This  act  may  be  cited  as  "  The  export  duty  act,  1877." 

The  following  acts  and  parts  of  acts  shall  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed : 
First,  thirteenth,  and  fifteenth  sections  22  Victoria,  chapter  25;  38  Victoria,  chapter 
3^ ;  and  39  Victoria,  chapter  2. 

Tonnage  Duty. 

(Per  43  Victoria,  cap.  3.) 

I.  From  and  after  the  commencement  of  this  act,  and  during  its  continuance,  the 
following  rates  of  tonnage  shall  be  imposed,  levied,  and  paid  on  vessels,  except  such 
as  are  hereinafter  excepted,  arriving  at  any  port  within  these  islands  from  any  port  or 
place  without  the  limits  of  this  government,  and  on  goods  imported  in  such  vessel;, 
that  is  to  say : 

On  every  vessel  arriving  with  cargo  intended  to  be  discharged  within  the  colony, 
and  exceeding  in  measurement  or  weight  one-half  of  the  tonnage  of  the  vessel,  1«.  for 
each  and  every  ton  of  the  proper  measurement  of  such  vessel. 

On  every  vessel  arriving  wholly  or  only  partially  laden,  and  from  which  any  portion, 
of  the  cargo,  not  exceeding  in  measurement  or  weight  one-half  of  the  tonnage  of  the 
vessel,  is  intended  to  be  discharged  within  the  colony.  Id.  for  each  and  every  ton  of 
the  ascertained  tonnage  of  such  vessel,  and  If.  per  ton  measurement  or  weight  of  the 
goods  landed  from  such  vessel. 

On  every  vessel  arriving  in  ballast  or  with  cargo  not  intended  to  be  discharged 
within  the  colony.  Id.  for  each  and  every  ton  of  the  proper  measurement  of  the  vessel. 

Provided,  That  the  following  vessels  shall  be  excepted  and  exempted  from  the  pay- 
ment of  the  tonnage  dues  by  this  action  imposed,  that  is  to  say : 

EXEBIPTIONS. 

All  vessels  of  war,  transports,  and  other  vessels  employed  solely  on  government 
service. 

All  vessels  employed  under  contract  with  the  Bahama  Government  in  the  convey- 
ance of  mails. 

Vessels  exclusively  encaged  in  turtling,  sponging,  or  fishing. 

Vessels  employed  in  pleasuring  only. 

II.  From  and  after  the  commencement  of  the  act,  and  during  its  continuance,  the 
following  rates  of  tonnage  shall  be  imposed,  levied,  and  paid  on  vessels,  except  such 
as  are  hereinafter  excepted,  clearing  from  any  port  of  the  colony  for  any  port  or  place 
without  the  limits  of  the  government,  and  on  goods  exported  in  such  vessels;  that  is- 
to  say : 

On  every  vessel  clearing  with  outward  cargo  laden  within  the  colony,  other  than 
Bait  or  fruit,  exceeding  one-half  of  the  ascertained  tonnage  of  the  vessel,  1«.  for  each, 
and  every  ton  of  the  proper  measurement  of  such  vessel. 

On  every  vessel  clearing  with  outward  cargo  ladeh  within  the  colony,  other  than 
salt  or  fruit,  not  exceeding  in  measurement  or  weight  one-half  of  the  ascertained 
tonnage  of  the  vessel,  and  whether  any  portion  of  the  inward  cargo  is  still  laden  on 
board  or  not.  Id.  for  each  and  every  ton  of  the  proper  tonnage  of  such  vessel,  and  1«. 
per  ton  measurement  or  weight  of  the  goods  so  shipped  or  exported. 

On  every  vessel  clearinu^  in  ballast,  or  with  salt  or  fruit,  or  salt  and  fruit,  and  with 
or  without  any  portion  of  her  inward  cargo  still  beinc  laden  on  board.  Id.  for  each, 
and  every  ton  of  the  proper  measurement  of  such  vessel. 

EXEMPTIONS. 

All  vessels  of  war,  transports,  and  other  vessels  employed  solely  in  government 
service. 

All  vessels  employed  under  contract  with  the  Bahama  Government  in  the  convey- 
ance of  mails. 

Vessels  exclusively  engaged  in  turtling,  sponging,  or  fishing. 

Vessels  employed  in  pleasuring  only. 

All  vessels  arriving  in  the  colony  with  cargo  and-departiug  thence  with  the  same^ 
inward  cargo,  without  taking  on  board  finy  other  cargo,  the  inward  tonnage  duty  on. 
such  vessel!  having  been  paid. 

III.  In  the  measurement  of  goods  eight  fiour  barrels  shall  be  computed  as  equal  to- 
one  ton  or  40  cubic  feet,  and  other  articles  or  packages  shall  be  computed  in  like 


ft38  TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES. 

• 

proportion,  or  l>y  the  ton  weight  in  the  case  of  metals  or  other  heavy  articles  for 
which  freight  by  weight  is  usually  charged. 

IV.  The  word  ''fruit''  as  used  herein,  shall  not  be  construed  to  include  or  com-- 
prise  preserved  fraits  of  any  description. 

y.  The  duties  by  this  act  imposed  shall  be  collected  and  received  by  the  proper 
officers  of  the  revenue  departmeul;  of  the  colony,  and  the  collection  thereof  shall 
be  enforced  under  the  powers  of  the  law  for  the  time  being  in  force  for  regulating 
the  trade  of  the  Bahama  Islands;  and  such  duties,  when  received,  shall  be  applied 
towards  the  support  of  Her  Majesty's  government  in  the  colony  as  may  be  provided 
for  by  any  act  or  acts  of  the  general  assembly  of  these  islands  now  or  hereafter  to  be 
in  force. 

VI.  This  act  may  for  all  purposes  be  cited  as  the  ''Tonnage  act,  1H80." 

VII.  This  act  shall  continue  in  force  for  five  years,  and  from  thence  to  the  end  of 
the  then  next  session  of  assembly,  daring  which  period  the  act  of  assembly  of  the 
thirty-second  year  of  Her  Majesty's  reign,  chapter  22,  shall  be  suspended. 

All  vessels  engaged  in  taking  away  an  entire  cargo  consisting  of  preserved  fruits, 
^c,  packed  at  manufactories  established  under  the  authority  of  act  39  Vic,  c.  18, 
4ind  all  vessels  arriving  \\ith  an  entire  cargo  consisting  of  materials  for  building 
sheds  or  factories,  and  articles  to  be  used  in  such  manufactories. 

Under  the  act  41  Vic,  c.  2,  vessels  bringing  entire  cargoes  of  coal  for. the  use  of  any 
steam-packet  company,  and  merchandise  for  transshipment  on  board  their  vessels,  or 
entire  cargoes  of  coal  or  merchandise  as  aforesaid,  are  exempted  from  tonnage  dues. 

Under  the  act  43  Vic,  cap.  5,  steamers  are  exempted  from  the  payment  of  tonnage 
duties. 

Light  D'jbs. 

By  the  act  38  Vic,  c.  23,  a  light  duty  of  3d.  per  ton  is  imposed  on  all  vessels,  save 
and  except  those  hereinafter  excepted,  arriving  at  the  i>ort  of  Nassau  from  any  port 
or  place  without  the  limits  of  the  colony. 

EXEMPTIONS. 

Ships  of  war. 

Vessels  employed  in  the  service  of  the  board  of  trade. 

Vessels  employed,  under  contract  with  the  Bahama  Government,  in  the  conveyance 
of  mails. 

Vessels  belonging  to  the  Royal  Tacht  Squadron. 

Vessels  exclusively  engaged  in  turtling,  sponging,  or  fishing. 

Vessels  engaged  in  pleasuring  only. 

Vessels  arriving  with  an  entire  cargo,  (consisting  of  materials  for  building  sheds  or 
factories,  and  articles  to  be  used  in  manufactories  established  under  the  authority  of 
act  39  Vic,  c  18. 

Registry  Fee. 

By  43  Vic,  cap.  4,  a  fee  is  charged  on  all  vessels,  except  those  built  in  the  Bahamas 
or  previously  registered  at  the  port  of  Nassau,  obtaining  a  register  of  Is,  per  ton. 

\V*AREHOU6E  CHARGES. 

By  43  Vic,  cap.  4,  a  tax  of  lOs.  for  every  hundred  pounds  is  charged  on  the  value 
of  nil  goods  imported  and  warehoused  in  a  bonded  warehouse. 

Auction  Duty. 

By  17  Vic,  cap.  2,  a  tax  of  £5  per  ccutum  is  charged  on  the  proceeds  of  sale  at 
public  auction  of  ceilain  articles  brought  into  the  colony  otherwise  than  by  regular 
importation  and  not  liable  to  import  duty. 

Pierage,  Storage,  and  Scaleage  Rates. 

RATES  OF  pierage  PER  DAY. 

By  37  Vic,  cap.  14,  the  following  fees  are  charged  on  all  vessels  discharging  and 
lading  cargoes  at  au}*^  public  abutment,  wharf,  or  extended  slip  in  Nassau,  or  at  any 
other  port  within  the  colony : 

£,    #.    d. 

For  ©very  vessel  of  the  burden  of  20  tons  and  under per  day . .     0      4    0 

For  every  vessel  over   20  tons  and  not  exceeding    30  tons do....     0      5    0 

For  every  vessel  over    30  tons  and  not  exceeding   40  tons do.. ..     0      6    0 


£. 

t.    ^ 

i. 

0 

7 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

12 

0 

0 

14 

0 

0 

16 

0 

0 

18 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

6 

1 

5 

0 

0 

Oi 

0 

Oi 

0 

1 

0 

u 

0 

2 

0 

3 

0 

4 

TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         539 


For  every  vessel  over   40  tons  and  not  exceeding   50  tons per  day . . 

For  every  vessel  over   50  tons  and  not  exceeding   60  tons do 

For  every  vessel  over   60  tons  and  not  exceeding   70  tons do 

For  every  vessel  over   70  tons  and  not  exceeding    80  tons do 

For  every  vessel  over   80  tons  and  not  exceed  Ing   90  tons do 

For  every  vessel  over   90  tons  and  not  exceeding  100  tons do 

For  every  vessel  over  100  tons  and  not  exceeding  150  tons do 

For  every  vessel  over  150  tons  and  not  exceeding  200  tons do 

For  every  vessel  over  200  tons  and  not  exceeding  250  tons do 

For  every  vessel  over  250  tons  and  not  exceeding  300  tons do.... 

On  every  additional  ton,  Id,  per  ton. 

RATES  OF  STORAGE  PER  WEEK. 

All  packages  measuring  less  than  2  cnbio  feet 0 

All  packages  measuring   2  cubic  feet  and  less  than   5  cubic  feet 0 

All  packages  measuring   5  cubic  feet  and  less  than  10  cubic  feet 0 

All  packages  measuring  10  cubic  feet  and  less  than  15  cubic  feet 0 

All  packages  measuring  15  cubic  feet  and  less  than  20  cubic  feet 0 

All  packages  measuring  20  cubic  feet  and  less  than  30  cubic  feet 0 

All  packages  measuring  30  cubic  feet 0 

And  Id.  for  every  additional  10  feet. 

Barrels  containing  wines,  spirits,  oils,  and  other  liquids  in  bulk,  pickled 

meats  or  fish,  honey  and  unrefined  sugar,  and  other  packages  containing 

articles  liable  to  leak  or  drain,  measuring  5  and  not  more  than  10  cubic 

feet  0    0    li 

Half-barrels,  same  ..: 0    0    Of 

Barrels  containing  flour,  meal,  bread,  &c  ....'. 0    0    1 

Half-barrels  containing  flour,  meal,  bread,  &c 0    0    0^ 

Hogsheads  containing  sugar.' 0    0    9 

Hogsheads  containing  molasses,  for  the  ^ound  tier  If.,  with  the  option  to 

the  party  storing  of  storing  a  second  tier,  6d.,  and  third  tier 0    0    3 

Puncheons  and  pipes,  containing  liouid  in  bulk,  exceeding  30  cubic  feet ..,  0    0  10 

Crates  containing  crockery  and  eartnenware 0    0    6 

Coals per  hogshead..  0    0    6 

Coals,  loose X>®rton..  0    0    9 

Cofiee,  com,  oats,  wheat,  rice per  bag..  0    0    0^ 

Pimento  and  cocoa do 0    0    Of 

Rice - pertierce..  0    0    3 

Iron,  copper  ore,  and  other  metals  or  ores per  ton..  0    0    4i 

Lumber  in  yards perMfeet..  0    0    6 

Mahogany,  and  other  square  wood do 0    0    8 

Staves perM..  0    13 

Dye  woods perton..  0    0    4 

Sugar.. ', perbox..  0    0    2 

Hides perhnndred..  0    10 

Cotton : 

Under  shed  or  store perbale..  0    0    6 

Not  under  shed  or  store do 0    0    4 

Granite  stone  or  marble ^ perton..  0    0    6 

All  articles  wrecked,  not  in  original  packages,  but  loose  in  lots,  also  ma- 
terials of  vessels,  one-half  per  cent,  on  sale  at  auction. 
All  property  wrecked,  consisting  of  assorted  bales,  boxes,  crates  of  mer- 
chandise, appraised  and  reshipped  bulk,  to  be  estimated  in  barrels,  at  . .  0    0    1^ 

RATES  OF  WHARFAGE  PER  WEEK. 

Equal  to  one  week's  storage  on  similar  packages. 

RATES  OF   SCALEAGE. 

On  every  package  weighing  less  than  1  cwt 0 

On  every  package  weighing  over  1  and  not  exceeding  5  cwt 0 

On  every    5  and  not  exceeding  10  cwt 0 

On  every  10  and  not  exceeding  15  cwt 0 

On  every  15  and  not  exceeding  20  cwt 0 

On  every  ton  of  wood 0 

On  every  ton  of  metal *.  0 


t. 

d. 

0 

Oi 

0 

Of 

0 

1 

0 

If 

0 

2 

0 

2 

Q 

SL 

540  TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEYEBAL   COUNTRIES. 

BRITISH    INDIA. 
THE  BRITISH  IHDIAH  TARIFF. 

The  Department  of  State  has  received  a  report  from  Consul-GeDeral 
Mattson,  of  Calcutta,  dated  March  13, 1882,  relative  to  a  very  important 
proposea  change  in  the  laws  bearing  on  customs  duties  on  goods  imported 
into  British  India.  The  financial  budget  for  1882-'83,  introduced  March 
8  in  the  legislative  council  by  the  minister  of  finances,  proposes,  among 
other  things,  **  the  total  abolition  of  cotton  and  general  import  duties,'^ 
leaving  only  special  duties  in  force,  to  wit,  those  on  wine,  beer,  spirits, 
liquors,  arms,  ammunition,  salt,  and  opium. 

The  motion  to  effect  this  great  change  has  been  formally  made,  and 
is  at  present  being  debated  in  the  council.  Its  passage  by  an  almost 
unanimous  vote  is  only  a  question  of  a  few  days,  so  that,  practically,  it 
may  be  said  that  British  India  is  open  for  free  trade  with  only  the  few 
exceptions  mentioned. 


EXPORT  DUTIES  OF  IVDIA 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  MAITSON. 

In  reply  to  circular  dated  February  15,  1883,  asking  for  information 

relating  to  export  duties,  1  have  the  honor  to  report  that  the  only 

export  duty  levied  in  India  on  its  domestic  productions  is  the  following: 

Bice,  whether  husked  or  unhusked,  per  Indian  mauud  of  82f  pounds 

avoirdupois  weight,  3  annas  (7^  cents). 

H.  MATTSOK, 

Consul' Qeneral. 
Pnited  States  Consulate-General, 

Calcutta,  April  6,  1883. 


CHINA. 
CUSTOMS  TARIFF  OF  CHIKA. 

PRINTED  OOPT  FORWARDED  TO  THE  DEPARTMENT  BY  OONSUL-GENBBAL  DENNY, 

OF  SHANGHAI. 

[Agreed  upon  at  Shanghai  in  November,  1858,  between  the  British  plenipotentiary  and  Chinese  oouk- 
missioners,  and  accepted  at  the  same  time  by  the  plenipotentiaries  ox  France  and  the  United  Statea.  ] 

L— Tariff  on  Imports. 

Note. — The  Haikwan  tael  in  which  the  cnstoms  revenae  is  stated  was  eqniTalent,  in  1882.  to  $1.38. 


No. 


1 
2 
3 

4 
5 

6 
7 


Articles. 


Agar-affltr per  100  catties. 

Asafetma    do... 

Beeswax,  yellow do... 

Betel-nnt do... 

Betel-nat  husk do... 

Becho-de-roer: 

Black do.., 

Whfte do  .. 


Duty. 

t.  tn.  e. 

c. 

0    15 

0 

0    6    5 

0 

10    0 

0 

0     I    5 

0 

0    0    7 

5 

15    0 

0 

0    8    5 

0 

TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVEEAL   COUNTRIES. 


541 


I. — Tariff  on  impcrta — Continued . 


No. 


8 

9 

10 

11 

12 
13 
14 

15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 

28 


29 
30 

31 

3a 

33 
34 

35 

36 

37 
38 
89 
40 
41 
42 

43 
44 

45 
46 
47 
48 
40 
50 

51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 

50 
40 
«1 
62 

«3 
64 

65 
66 
67 
68 

60 

70 
71 

72 
73 
74 


Articles. 


Birdnesta : 

First  Quality - I>er  catty.. 

Second  quality do 

Third  quality,  or  undeaned do 

BnttoDs,  brass per  gross.. 

Camphor: 

£(aroos,  clean per  catty.. 

Baroos,  refuse do 

Canvas  and  cotton  duck,  not  exceeding  50  yards  long per  piece.. 

Cardamoms  : 

Superior per  100  catties.. 

Interior,  or  grains  of  paradise do 

Cinnamon ; do 

Clacks ad  valorem.. 

Cloves per  100  catties.. 

Cloves,  mother do 

Coal,  foreign per  ton.. 

Cochineal per  100  catties.. 

Coral per  catty.. 

Cordage,  manila perluOcat'ties.. 

Cornelians per  100  stones.. 

Cornelians,  beads per  100  catties.. 

Cotton,  raw do 

Cotton  piece  goods: 

Gray,  white,  plain,  and  twilled,  exceeding  34  inches  wide,  and  not  exceeding 

40  yards  long per  piece.. 

Cotton  piece  goods: 

Same,  exceeding  34  inches  wide  and  exceeding  40  yards  long — every  10  yards. . 

Drills  and  Jeans,  not  exceeding  30  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  40  yards 
long perpieoe.. 

Same,  not  exceeding  30  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  80  yards  long do 

T-cloths,  not  exceeding  34  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  48  yards  K>ng — do  — 

Same,  not  exceeding  34  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  24  yards  long do 

Dyed,  flgored,  and  plain,  not  exceeding  36  inches  wide  and  not  exce^ing  40  yard» 
long per  piece.. 

Fancv  white  brocades  and  white  spotted  shirtings,  not  exceeding  36  inches  wide 
ana  not  e z ceeding  40  yards  long per  piece . . 

Printed  chintzes  and  fomitoree,  not  exceeding  31  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding 
30  vards  long per  piece. . 

Camorics,  not  exceeding  46  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  24  yards  long  ..do  ... 

Cambrics,  not  exceeding  46  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  12  yards  long  .  .do — 

Muslins,  not  exceeding  46  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  24  yards  long do 

Muslins,  not  exceeding  46  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  12  yards  long do . . . 

Damasks,  not  exceeding  36  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  40  yards  long,  .do 

Dimities  or  qnUtings,  not  exceeding  40  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  12  yards 
Ion  g , per  piece . . 

Ginghams,  not  exceeding  28  inches  wide  and  not  exceeding  30  yards  long. .do 

Cotton  handkerchiefs,  not  exceeding  lyard  square per  dozen.. 

Cotton  fustians,  not  exceeding  35 yards  long   per  piece.. 

Cotton  velve| eens,  not  exceeding  34  yiwds  long do.... 

Cotton  threads I>er  100  catties 

Cotton  yam do.... 

Cow  bezoar,  Indian per  catty.. 

Cutch per  100  catties.. 

Elephants*  teeth: 

Whole do.... 

Broken •* , do.... 

Feathers,  kingfishers',  peacocks' X>^r  hundred.. 

Fighmaws per  100  catties.. 

Fi«h  skins do.... 

Flints do.... 

Gambler do 

Gamboge do 

Ginseug,  American: 

Crude do.... 

Clarified do.... 

Glass,  window box  of  100  square  feet.. 

Glue per  100  catties.. 

Gold  thread: 

Real peroatty.. 

Imitation do 

Gum: 

BezOamin per  100  catties.. 

Benjamin,  oil  of do 

Dragon's  blood do 

Mjrrrh do.... 

Oubanum do.... 

Hides: 

Bufbloand  oow « do 

Rhinoceros do 

Horns: 

BuffiUo do 

Deer ^o... 

Bhinooeroa \^o.. 


Duty. 


t,  tn.  c.  c. 

0    5  5  0 

0    4  5  0 

0    15  0 

0    0  6  5 

13  0  0 

0    7  2  0 

0    4  0  0 

10  0  0 

0    5  0  0 

15  0  0 
5  per  cent 

0    5  0  0 


0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
7 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 


8 

6 

0 

0 

5 

8  00 
0  0  0 
3    5    0 


1 
0 
0 
1 
3 


1 
0 
0 
0 


0 

7 
8 

4 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0    0    8    0 
0    0    2    0 


0 
5 
0 
0 


0    15    0 
§10    0 


\ 


0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

0 

3 

5 

0 

0 

7 

5 

0 

0 

3 

5 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

5 

0 

0 

3 

5 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

7 

2 

C 

0 

7 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

0 

1 

8 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

1 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

4 

5 

0 

0 

4 

5 

0 

0 

4 

5 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

4 

2 

0 

0 

2 

S 

<^ 

^ 

1 

.   ^ 

►  ^ 

1 

(^ 

^  ^ 

542 


TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES. 


I. — Tariff  an  impor/a— Continued. 


Na 


76 
76 

77 
78 

79 
80 

81 
82 
83 

84 

85 

88 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

100 

101 

102 

103 

104 

105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
116 

116 
117 
118 

119 
120 
121 

122 
123 
124 
125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
130 
131 
132 
133 
134 
186 
186 
137 
138 

139 
140 
141 
142 
148 
144 
145 


Articles. 


Indigo,  llqnid • per  100  catties  . 

Isinglass do... 

Lacquered  wore do... 

Leatner do... 

Linen : 

Fine,  as  Irish  or  Sootch,  not  exceeding  50  yards  long per  piece. 

Coarse,  as  linen  and  cotton  or  sill^  and  linen  mixtures,  not  exceeding  50  yards 

long per  piece. 

Lucrabanseed per  100  catties. 

Mace do... 

Manffrove  bark do... 

Met^: 

Copper, manufactured,  as  in  sheets, rods, nails do... 

Copper,  manufactured,  as  in  slabs do... 

Copper, yellow  metal,  sheathing,  and  nails do... 

Copper,  Japan do... 

Iron, manufactured,  as  in  sheets, rods, bars, hoops do... 

Iron, unmanufactured, as  in  pigs do... 

Iron,  kentledge do... 

Iron  wire do... 

Lead, in  pigs  ..  do... 

Lead, in  sheeta do... 

Quicksilver do... 

Spelter  (salable  only  under  regulation  appended) do... 

Steel do... 

Tin do... 

Tin  plates do... 

Mother>o'-pearl  shell do... 

Musical  boxes ad  valorem. 

Mussels,  dried perlOOcattiea. 

Nutmegs... ...do.*.. 

Olives,  unpickled,  salted  or  pickled do... 

Opium do... 

Pepper : 

Black do... 

White .....do... 

Prawns,  dried do... 

Putchuck do... 

Rattans do... 

Rosemaloes do  .. 

Salt  fish do... 

Saltpeter  (salable  only  under  regtdation  appended) do . . . 

Sandalwood do... 

bapanwood do... 

Seahorse  teeth •. do... 

Sharks'  fins : 

Black do... 

White do  .. 

Sharks'  skins per  hundred. 

Silver  thread : 

Real per  catty. 

Imitation  do... 

Sinews,  buflSolo  and  deer per  100  catties . 

Skins: 

Fox,  large each. 

Fox.  small " do... 

Marten do... 

Sea  otter do... 

.Tiger  and  leopard do... 

Beaver  per  hundred. 

Doe,  bare, and  rabbit do... 

Squirrel do... 

Land  otter do... 

Raccoon do... 

Smalts per  100  catties. 

Snuff,  foreign do... 

Sticklac do... 

Stockfish do... 

Sulphur  and  brimstone  (salable  only  under  reguli^on  appended) do. . . 

Telescopes,  spy  and  opera  glasses,  looking-glaMOs  and  mirrors ad  valorem . 

Tigers' bones per  100  catties. 

Timber: 

Masts  and  spars,  hard-wood,  not  exceeding  40  feet each. 

Same,  not  exoeeaing  60  feet do... 

Same,  exceeding 60 Teet do... 

Masts  and  spars,  soft-wood ,  not  exceeding  40  feet ^ do . . . 

Same,  not  exceeding  60  feet do... 

Same,  exceeding 60 feet do... 

Beams,  hard- wood,  not  exceeding  26  feet  long,  and  under  12  inches  square,  .do. . . 


Duty. 


t  m.  c.  e. 
0  18  0 
0  6  5  0 
10  0  0 
0    4    2    0 

0     5    0    0 


0 
0 
1 
0 

1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 


2 
0 
0 
0 

5 
0 
0 
2 
1 
0 
0 
2 
2 
5 
0 
2 
2 
2 
4 
2 


0 
3 
0 
3 

0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
7 
1 
5 
5 
5 
0 
5 
5 
5 
0 
0 


0 
5 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
5 
5 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


5  per  cent. 
0  2  0  0 
2  5  0  0 
0  16  0 
80    0    0    0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 


3 
5 
3 
6 
1 
0 
1 
5 
4 
1 
0 


6 
0 
0 
0 
5 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0  5  0  O 
15  0  0 
2    0  0  0 

1  3  0  O 
0  0  3  0 
0     5  5  0 


0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
5 
0 
0 
2 
2 
1 
7 
0 
0 
0 


1 
0 
I 
5 
1 
0 
5 
5 
0 
0 
5 
2 
3 
5 
2 


5 
7 
5 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


5  per  cent. 
15    5    0 


4 

6 

10 
2 

4 
6 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
5 
5 
1 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
5 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0^ 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 


54a 


I. — Tariff  on  imports — Contmued. 


No. 


Articles. 


Bnty. 


146 

U7 
148 
149 
150 
151 
162 
153 
154 
155 
156 
157 

158 
150 
160 
161 
162 
1G3 
164 

165 
166 

J67 
168 
169 
170 
171 
172 
173 
174 
175 

176 
177 


Timber— Continned. 

Planks,  hard-wood,  not  exceeding  24  feet  long,  12  inchea  wide,  and  8  inches 

thick J  per  hundred.. 

Same,  not  exceeding  10  feet  long,  12  inches  wide,  and  8  inches  thick do 

Planks,  soft-wood per  1,000  square  feet.. 

Planks,  teak per  cable  foot.. 

Tindt-r , per  100  catties.. 

Tortoise  shell : per  catty.. 

Tortoise  shell,  broken do 

Umbrullas each.. 

Velvets,  not  exceeding  34  yards  long per  piece. . 

Watches per  pair.. 


t,  m.  c.  c. 


£ 


Watches,  <maill6es  4  perles do — 

Wax,  Japan per  100  catties.. 

Woods: 

Camagon ^ do.... 

Ebony '. do 

Oarroo do.... 

Fragrant do 

Krai^jee,  35  feet  long,  1  foot  8  inches  wide,  and  1  foot  thick each . . 

Laka per  100  catties. . 

Red .^ do — 

Woolen  manufactures : 

Blankets .per pair.. 

Broadcloth  and   Spanish  stripes,  habit  and  mediom  doth,  51  to  M  inches 
wide perobang. 

Long  ells,  81  inches  wide do... 

Oanueta,  English,  31  inches  wide do... 

Camlets,  Dutch,  33  inches  wide do... 

Camlets,  imitation  and  bombazettes i. do... 

Cassimeres,  flannel  and  narrow  cloth do. . . 

Liastings,  31  inches  wide do... 

Lastings,  imitation  and  Orleans,  84  inches  wide do... 

Bunting,  not  exceeding  24  inches  wide,  40  yaads  long per  piece 

Woolen  and  cotton  mixtures :  Lusters,  plain  and  brocaded,  not  exceeding  31  yards 

long per  piece. 

Woolen  inferior  Spanish  stripes percnang. 

Wool€tt  yam per  100  catties . 


8 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
4 
0 

0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


5 
0 
7 
0 
3 
2 
0 
0 
1 
0 
5 
6 

0 
1 
0 

4 
8 
1 
1 


1 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 


0  0 

0  0- 

0  0 

3  S 


5 
5 
7 
3 
8 
0 
0 
5 

3 
5 
0 
5 
0 
4 
1 


2 
4 

6 
0 
3 
4 

5 
3 
0 


0 
0 
2 
5- 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0- 
0 
S 
5 


0    2    0    0 


0 
5 
0 
0 

0 
0 
5- 

0 


0  2  0  0 
0  10  0 
8    0    0    0 


II. — Tariff  on  exporU. 


1 
2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 

23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 

ao 

31 
S2 


Alum per  100  catties. 

Alum,  green,  or  copi»eras do... 

Aniseed: 

Star do  .. 

Broken do... 

OU do... 

Apricot  seeds,  or  almonds do... 

Arsenic    do... 

Artificial  flowers do... 

Bamboo  ware do... 

Bangles,  or  glass  armlets do... 

Beans  and  peas do... 

Bcanc^ke do... 

Bone  and  horn  ware do... 

Bfass: 

Buttons do... 

Foil do... 

Ware do... 

Wire do... 

Camphor do  .. 

Canes .- i»er  thousand . 

Cantharides .I»er  100  catties.. 

Capoor  cutchery do... 

Carpets  and  druggets per  hundred. 

Cassia: 

Lignea per  100  catties. 

Buds do... 


0    0    4    5 
0    10    0 


Twigs 
Oil.... 
Castor  oil. 


do. 

do. 

do. 

Chestnuts do. 

China  root do. 

China  ware : 

Fine do. 

Coarse do. 

Cinnabar do. 


0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
O 
0 
1 

8 

1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
3 

0 
0 
0 
9 
0 
0 
0 


5 
2 
0 
4 
4 
6 
7 
5 
0 
0 
5 

0 
5 
0 
1 
7 
5 
0 
3 
5 

6 
8 
1 
0 
2 
1 
1 


0 
5 
0 
5 
5 
0 
5 
0 


0 
0 
0 
5 
5 
0 
0 
0 


0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
3 


0 
0 
O 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


6    0 
3    5. 

0    0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0    0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0  9  0  0 
0  4  5  0 
0    7    6    0 


/)44 


TARIFFS  O:  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


II. — lariffon  exports — Continaed. 


Ko. 


33 
34 
35 
36 

37 
38 
39 
40 

41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 

47 
48 
49 
50 

51 

52 
53 
54 

55 
56 
57 
58 
59 

60 
61 
62 
63 
64 

65 
66 
67 
68 
69 

70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
76 

76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
83 
84 

85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 

ia3 

104 


ArtiolM. 


Clothing: 

Cotton do 

SUk do.... 

Coal do 

Coir do... 

Copper: 

Ore do 

Sheathing,  old « do 

Pewter  ware do — 

Corals,  false do 

Cotton : 

Raw do  .. 

Kags J do 

Cowbezoar per  catty.. 

Crackers,  fireworks per  100  catties.. 

Cabebe do 

Curiosities,  antiques ad  valorfmi.. 

Dates: 

Black per  100  catties.. 

Red do  — 

Dye,  green per  catty.. 

^ggSt  preserved perthonsan'd.. 

Fans: 

Feather per  hundred.. 

Fans: 

Paper per  hundred.. 

Palm-leaf,  trimmed per  thousand.. 

Palm-leaf,  untrinuned do 

Felt  cuttings per  100  catties.. 

Fekicaps per  hundred.. 

Fungus,  or  agaric per  100  catties.. 

GaUmgal do 

Garlic *. do 

Ginseng: 

Nanve ad  valorem.. 

Corean  or  Japan,  first  quality per  catty.. 

Corean  or  Japan,  second  qualitiy do 

Glass  beads per  lOOoattles.. 

Glass  or  vitrified  ware do 

Grass  cloth : 

Fine do....' 

Coarse  do 

Ground-nuts ' do 

Ground-nuts,  cake do 

Gypsum,  ground  or  plaster  of  Paris do 

Hair: 

Camels' do 

Goato' do... 

Hams do 

Hartall  ororpiment do 

Hemp do 

Honey do 

Hornp,  deer's : 

Yonng per  pair.. 

Old per  100  catties.. 

India  ink do 

Indigo,  dry do 

Ivory  ware per  catty.. 

JosA-sticks I>er  100  catties.. 

Kitt\»oli«,  or  paper  umbrellas per  hundred.. 

Lacquered  ware per  100  oatties . . 

Lamp  wicks do  ... 

Lead: 

Red  (minium) do 

White  (ceruse) do 

Yellow  (massicot)       .* do 

Leather  articles,  as  pouches,  purses do 

Pouches,  green do 

Lichees  do 

Lilly  flowers,  dried do 

Lily  seeds  or  lotus  nuts do 

Licorice do... 

Lung-ogan do... 

Lung-ngan,  without  the  stone do... 

Manure  cakes  or  poudrette do... 

Marble  slabs do... 

Mats  of  all  kinds per  hundred. 

Matting roll  of  40  yards. 

Melon  seeds per  100  catties.. 

Mother-o'-pearl  ware per  catty.. 

Mushrooms per  100  oatties. . 

.tfusk per  catty.. 

Naokoen  and  native  cotton  cloths per  100  catties..! 


Duty. 


t.  m.  e.  e. 

15    0  0 

10    0    0  0 

0    0    4  0 

0    10  0 

0    5    0  0 

0    5    0  0 

115  0 

0    3    5  0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
1 


3 
0 
3 
5 
5 


5  0 
4  5 

6  0 
0  0 
0  0 


5  per  cent. 

0  15  0 

0  0    9  0 

0  8    0  0 

0  3    5  0 

0    7    5    0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 


0 
3 
2 
1 
2 
0 
1 
0 


4 

6 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
3 


5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
5 


5  per  cent 
0  5  0  0 
0  3  5  0 
0  5  0  0 
0    8    0    5 


2 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


5 

7 
1 
0 
0 

0 

1 

5 

3 
3 
9 


0  0 

5  0 

0  0 

3  0 

3  0 


0 
8 
5 
5 
5 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 

9 

0 

0 

1 

8 

5 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

•5 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

8 

5 

0 

0 

8 

5 

0 

0 

3 

5 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

1 

8 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

5 

0 

2 

7 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

1 

3 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

0 

3 

5 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

TARIFFS  OF   THE   SEVEBAL  COUNTBIES. 


545 


II. — Tariff  an  export9 — Continaed. 


Ka 


Articles. 


105  Nutgalls per  lOOcattiea. 

106  OiU M  bean,  tea,  wood, cotton  and  hemp  seed do... 

107  Oiled  paper do... 

lOB    Oliveseed do... 

100     Oyster  shells,  sea  shells do... 

110  Paint,  green do... 

111  Palampore,  or  cotton  bedqnilts per  hundred. 

Paper: 

112  Firstaoality per  100  catties. 

113  Second  qnauty do... 

114  Pearls,  false do... 

Peel: 

11&  Orange do... 

116  Pumelo,  first  qnality do... 

117  Pomelo. second  qnality do... 

Peppermint: 

118  Leaf do... 

119  OH do... 

120  Pictares  and  paintings each. 

421     Pictures  on  pith  or  nee  paper per  hundred. 

122  Pottery,  earthenware per  100  catties. 

Peppermint: 

123  Preserves,  comfits  and  sweetmeats per  100  catties. 

124  Kattans,  split do... 

125  Rattan  ware do... 

126  Rhubarb do... 

127  Rice  or  paddy,  wheat,  millet,  and  other  grains do  .. 

128  Rugs  of  hair  or  skin each. 

129  Sunshoo  per  100  catties. 

130  Sandalwood  ware per  catty. 

131  Seaweed per  100  catties. 

132  Sessamum  seed do — 

133  Shoes  and  hoots,  leather  or  satin per  lOOpairs.. 

134  Shoes,  straw do — 

Silks: 

135  Raw  and  thrown do — 

186  Yellow,  fit>m  Ssechueh do — 

137  Reeled,  fromdupions do — 

Silk: 

138  Wild  raw do.... 

139  Refuse do 

140  Cocoons do 

141  Floss.  Canton do  .. 

142  fiom  other  provinces do — 

143  Ribbonsand  thread do — 

144  Piece  goods,  pongees,  shawls,  scarfi,  crape,  satin,  gaoses,  velvet,  and  embroid- 

ered gooas       per  100  catties. 

145  Piece  gomis,  Szechueu,  Shantung do — 

146  Tassels do    . 

147  Caps — per  hundred. 

148  Silk  and  cotton  mixtures per  100  catties. 

149  Silverand  gold  ware .* do... 

150  Snuff do... 

151  Soy w do... 

152  Straw  braid do... 

Sugar: 

153  Brown do 

154  White do... 

166  Candy do... 

Tallow: 

156  Animal do... 

157  Vegetable    do... 

158  Tea  (see  note  at  the  end  of  tariff) do... 

169     Tin  foil do... 

Tobacco: 

160  Prepared do... 

161  Loaf do... 

162  Tortoise-shell  ware per  catty. 

163  Trunks,  leather per  100  catties. 

164  Turmeric • do... 

Twine  hemp : 

165  Canton do... 

166  Soocbow do... 

167  Turnips,  salted do... 

168  Varnish,  or  crude  lacquer do... 

169  Vermicelli do... 

170  Vermilion do... 

171  Wax,  whiteor  insect do... 

172  Wood,  piles,  poles,  andjoists    each. 

173  Wood  ware per  100  catties. 

174  Wool do... 


Duty. 


e.  1 

m. 

0. 

e. 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

4 

5 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

4 

5 

0 

2 

7 

5 

0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

4 

5 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

1 

0 

0 

8 

6 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

1 

2 

5 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

1 

3 

5 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

8 

0 

10 

0 

0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

4 

8 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

0 

12 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

5 

5 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

0 

1 

2 

5 

0 

0 

4 

6 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

I 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

1 

8 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

1 

8 

0 

2 

5 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

1 

1 

5 

0 

0 

3 

5 

0 

1784  CONO — ^A  p. 


-35 


516  TARIKFS^  OF    THE    SEVERAL    COUNTRIES. 

TEAS — Coaraf  unfkred  Japanetr  tea  imported  fur  U/cal  eontumpHan — Since  Yebramrj,  1881,  it  ham 
been  the  practice  of  the  Shaugljai  crmtomB  Ut  cbarj^e  dat>  ad  rtUorem  on  toA  of  this  deoeriptkm. 

Tea  imporifd  /rem  Jfpan  jor  Ihe  yurpo^  o/  b^iug  rtjkrrd  a  d  re  erporled  to  a  fort  gn  count r^f.^^inot 
the  Ist  of  April.  1>4l.  Japanei^  tea  imporied  fur  re-exportation  haa  been  dealt  with  at  Sbanjrhai  ac- 
cordiuj!  to  ili»-  following:  rul*^: 

"  Tea  imi»ortr'<i  iti'o  thii*  pr>rt  from  Japan  for  the  pnrpoMe  of  being  refired  and  re-exported  to  a  for- 
ei^  conntry  vdll  \y  ai'.oucMl  a  T-xiuctioD  'in  th*'  actual  wii^bt  imported  of  20  percent.,  on  I  be  import 
duty,  and  When  re-4'Xp«>ned  a  drawback  r*^rtific«itf  for  tb«-  entire  amoont  of  daty  p^iid  will  be  granted 
on  appli<-anon  in  tbc  u^aal  niumier.  piiiiviiii*d  tbwt  the  temiH  of  Article  XLY  ot  the  treaty  between 
Great  Britain  and  Lbiua  be  compliiit  with,  arxl  that  the  writfbtA  6u-.,  be  6oii^«'tJj  d«-c:lared." 

Briek  tea. — In  the  taritf  appended  to  the  KoAfeian  regulationa  of  1862,  the  export  doty  on  Brick  tea 
im  fixed  at  6  mace  per  picoL 

RULES. 

Rule  1.  VnenumeraUd  goods. — Articles  not  eDiinieratiHl  in  the  list  of  exports,  bnt 
enaiuerated  in  the  list  of  iiDports,  wheo  exporte<1,  will  pay  the  anioant  of  daty  set 
against  them  in  the  list  of  imports;  and.  similarly,  articles  not  ennmerafed  in  the 
list  of  imports,  bnt  enumerated  in  the  list  of. exports,  when  imported,  will  pay  the 
amount  of  dnty  set  against  them  in  the  list  of  exfNirts. 

Articles  not  enumerated  in  either  list,  nor  in  the  list  of  duty-free  goods,  will  pay 
an  ad  ralorrm  duty  of  5  i>er  wnt.,  calculated  on  theirmarket  value. 

Rule  2.  JJuty-Jrte  goods. — Gold  and  silver  bullion,  foreign  coius,  flour,  Indian  meaU 
sago,  biscuits,  preserved  meats  and  vegetables,  cheese,  butter,  confecionery.  foreign 
clothing,  jewelry,  plated- ware,  perfun»«*ry.  s*>a|»  of  sll  kinds,  charcoal.  tirewcK>d,  can- 
dles (foreign),  tobacco  (foreign),  cigars  (foreign),  wine,  beer,  spirits,  household  stores* 
ship's  stores,  personal  baggage,  stationery,  carjieting,  druggeting,  cutlery,  foreign 
medicines,  glass,  and  crystal  ware. 

The  above  pay  no  import  or  export  duty,  bnt,  if  transported  into  the  interior,  will, 
with  the  exception  of  personal  baggage,  gold  and  silver  bullion,  and  foreign  c<»in8,  pay 
a  transit  duty  at  the  rate  of  2|  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

A  freight,  or  part  freight  of  duty-free  commodities  (personal  baggage,  gold  and 
silver  bullion,  and  foreign  coins  excepted),  will  render  the  vessel  carrying  them, 
though  no  other  cargo  be  on  boaid,  liable  to  tonnage  dues. 

Rule  3.  Contraband  goods. — Import  and  export  trade  is  alike  prohibited  in  the  fol- 
lowing articles:  Gunpowder,  shot,  cannon,  fowling-pieces,  rifles,  muskets,  pistols,  and 
all  other  munitions  and  implements  of  war.  and  salt. 

Rule  4.  JVtights  and  measures. — In  the  calculation  of  the  tariff,  the  weight  of  a  picul 
of  100  catties  is  held  to  be  equal  to  13^^^  pounds  avoirdupois;  and  the  length  of  a 
chang  of  10  Chinese  feet  to  be  equal  to  142  English  inches. 

One  Chinese chih  is  held  to  be  equal  to  14.1  inches  English;  and  4  yards  English, 
less  3  inches,  to  eqnal  1  chang. 

Rule  5.  Regarding  certain  commodities  heretofore  contraband. — The  restrictions  affect- 
ing trade  in  opium,  cash,  grain,  pulse,  sulphur,  brimstone,  saltpeter,  and  siMslter  are 
relaxed,  nnder  the  following  conditions: 

I  Opium  will  henceforth  pay  thirty  taels  per  picul  import  duty.  The  importer  will 
sell  it  only  at  the  port.  It  will  be  carried  into  the  interior  by  Chinese  only,  and  only 
as  Chinese  property ;  the  foreign  trader  will  not  be  allowed  to  accompany  it.  The 
provisions  of  Article  IX  of  the  Treaty  of  Tientsin,  by  which  British  subjects  are 
authorized  to  proceed  into  the  interior  with  passports  to  trade,  will  not  extend  to  it, 
nor  will  those  of  Article  XXVIII  of  the  same  treaty,  by  which  the  transit  dues  are 
regnlated.  The  transit  dues  on  it  will  be  arranged  as  the  Chinese  (government  see 
fit;  nor  in  future  revisions  of  the  tariff  is  the  same  role  of  revision  to  be  applied  to 
opium  as  to  other  goods. 

II.  Copper  cash, — The  export  of  cash  to  any  foreign  port  is  prohibit-ed ;  bnt  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  British  subjects  to  ship  it  at  one  of  the  open  ports  of  China  to  another, 
on  compliance  with  the  following  regulation  :  **Tbe  shipper  shall  give  notice  of  the 
amoont  of  cash  he  desires  to  ship,  and  the  port  of  its  destination,  and  shall  bind  him- 
self, either  by  a  bond,  with  two  sufficient  sureties,  or  by  depositing  sach  other  security 
as  may  be  deemed  by  the  customs  satisfactory,  to  return,  within  six  months  from  the 
date  of  clearance  to  the  collector  at  the  port  of  shipment,  the  certificate  issued  by  him^ 
with  an  acknowledgment  thf  reon  of  the  receipt  of  the  cash  at  the  port  of  destination 
by  the  collector  at  that  port,  who  shall  thereto  affix  his  seal;  or,  failing  the  prodao- 
tion  of  the  certificate,  to  forfeit  a  sum  equal  in  value  to  the  cash  shipped.  Cash  will 
pay  no  daty  inwards  or  outwards ;  but  a  freight  or  part  freight  of  casb>  thoagh  no 
other  cargo  be  on  board,  will  render  the  vessel  carrying  it  liable  to  pay  tonnage  dues. '^ 

III.  The  export  of  rice,  and  all  other  grain  whatsoever,  native  or  foreign,  no  mat- 
ter where  grown  or  whence  imported,  to  any  foreign  port  is  prohibited;  but  these 
commodities  may  be  carried  by  British  merchants  from  one  of  the  open  ports  of  China 
to  another,  under  the  same  conditions  in  respect  of  security  as  cash,  on  payment  at 
the  port  or  shipment  of  the  duty  specified  in  the  tariff. 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  547 

No  import  duty  will  be  leviable  on  rice  or  grain,  but  a  freight  or  part  freight  of 
rice  or  grain,  tboqgh  no  other  cargo  be  on  board,  will  render  the  vessel  importing  it 
liable  to  tonnage  dues. 

IV.  **  The  export  of  pulse  and  bean-cake  from  Tang-chaw  and  Newchwang,  under 
the  British  flag,  is  prohibited.  From  any  other  of  the  ports  they  may  be  shipped,  on 
payment  of  the'  tariff  duty,  either  to  other  ports  of  China  or  to  foreign  countries. 

V.  Saltpeter,  sulphur,  brimstone,  and  spelter,  being  munitions  of  war,  shall  not  be 
imported  by  British  subjects,  save  at  the  requisiition  of  the  Chinese  Government,  or 
for  sale  to  Chinese  duly  authorized  to  purchase  them.  No  permit  to  land  them  will 
be  issued  until  the  customs  have  proof  that  the  necessary  authority  lias  been  given 
to  the  purchaser.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  British  subjects  to  carry  these  commodi- 
ties up  the  Yang-tsze-kiang,  or  into  any  port  other  than  those  open  on  the  seaboard, 
nor  to  accompany  them  into  the  interior  on  behalf  of  Chinese.  They  must  be  sold  at 
the  ports  only,  and,  except  at  the  ports,  they  will  be  regarded  as  Chiuese  property. 

Infractions  of  the  conditions,  as  above  set  forth,  under  which  trade  in  opium,  cash, 
grain,  pulse,  saltpeter,  brimstone,  sulphur,  and  spelter  may  be  henceforward  carried 
on,  will  be  punishable  by  confiscation  of  all  the  goods  concerned. 

Rule  6.  lAahiWy  of  vessels  entering  port. — To  the  prevention  of  misunderstanding,  it 
id  agreed  that  the  terra  of  twenty-four  hours,  within  which  British  vessels  must  be 
reported  to  the  consul  under  Article  XXX VII  of  the  treaty  of  Tientsin,  shall  bo  uuder- 
Btood  to  commence  from  the  time  a  British  vessel  comes  within  the  limits  of  the  port, 
as  also  the  term  of  forty-eight  hours  allowed  her  by  Article  XXX  of  the  same  treaty 
to  remain  in  port  without  payment  of  tonnage  dues. 

The  limits  of  the  ports  shall  be  defined  by  the  customs,  with  all  consideration  for 
the  convenience  of  trade  compatible  with  due  protection  of  the  revenue ;  also  the  limits 
of  the  anchorages  within  which  landing  and  (fischarging  is  permitted  by  the  customs; 
and  the  same  shall  be  notified  to  the  consul  for  public  iu formation. 

Rule  7.  Transit  dues. — It  is  agreed  that  Article  XXXVIII  of  the  treaty  of  Tientsin 
shall  be  interpreted  to  declare  the  amounts  of  transit  dues  legally  leviable  u]>on  mer- 
chandise imported  or  exported  by  British  subjects  to  be  one-half  of  the  tariff  duties, 
except  in  the  case  of  the  duty-free  goods  liable  to  a  transit  dury  of  2|  per  cent,  adva- 
lorenif  as  provided  iu  Article  II  of  these  rules.  Merchandise  shall  be  cleared  of  its 
transit  dues  uuder  the  following  conditions : 

In  the  case  of  imports. — Notice  being  given  at  the  port  of  entry,  from  which  the  im- 
ports are  to  be  forwarded  inland,  of  the  nature  and  ouantity  of  the  goods,  the  ship 
from  which  they  have  been  landed  and  the  place  inland  to  which  'they  are  bound, 
"with  all  other  necessary  particulars,  the  collector  of  customs  will  on  due  inspection 
made,  and  on  receipt  of  the  transit  duty  due,  issue  a  transit-duty  certificate.  This 
must  be  produced  at  every  barrier  station  and  vis^d.  No  further  duty  will  be  levi- 
able upon  imports  so  certificated,  no  matter  how  distant  the  place  of  their  destina- 
tion. 

In  the  case  of  exports. — Produce  purchased  by  a  British  subject  in  the  interior  will 
be  inspected  and  taken  account  of  at  the  first  barrier  it  passes  on  its  way  to  the  port 
of  shipment.  A  memorandum  showing  the  amount  of  the  produce  and  the  x>ort  at 
which  it  is  to  be  shipped,  will  be  deposited  there  by  the  person  in  charge  of  the  prod- 
uce. He  will  then  receive  a  certificate,  which  must  be  exibited  and  vis4d  at  every 
barrier  on  his  way  to  the  port  of  shipment.  On  the  arrival  of  the  pro<luce  at  the  bar- 
rier nearest  the  port  notice  must  be  given  to  the  customs  at  the  port,  and,  the  transit 
dues  due  thereon  being  paid,  it  will  be  passed.  On  exportation  the  produce  will  pay 
the  tariff  doty.t 

Any  attempt  to  pass  goods  inwards  or  outwards,  otherwise  than  in  compliance  with 
the  rule  here  laid  down,  will  render  them  liable  to  confiscation. 

Unauthorized  sale,  in  transitu,  of  goods  that  have  been  entered  as  above  for  a  port 
will  render  them  liable  to  confiscation.  Any  attempt  to  pass  goods  in  excess  of  the 
cj^uantity  specified  in  the  certificate  will  render  all  the  goods  of  the  same  denomina- 
tion named  in  the  certificate  liable  to  confiscation.    Permission  to  export  produce 


*  Notification, 

British  Consulate, 
Shanyhaiy  HAth  Marchf  1862. 

Article  IV  of  Rule  No.  5  appended  to  the  tariff  of  1858  is  rescinded. 

Pulse  and  bean-cake  may  be  henceforth  exported  from  Tangchow  and  Newchwang, 
and  from  all  other  ports  in  China  open  bv  treaty,  on  the  same  terms  and  conditions  as 
are  applied  to  other  native  produce  by  the  regulation  bearing  date  of  the  5th  Decem- 
ber last ;  that  is  to  say,  they  may  be  shipped  on  payment  of  tariff  duty  at  the  port  of 
shipment,  and  discharged  at  any  Chinese  x>ort  on  payment  of  half  duty  with  power 
to  claim  drawback  of  the  half  duty  if  re-exported. 

By  order:  WALTER  H.  MEDHUR8T, 

ConnU. 
'*  See  Chefoo  Conyention,  Section  III,  Article  4. 


548  TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

which  oannot  he  proved  to  have  paid  its  transit  dues  will  he  refused  by  the  oustomt 
until  the  transit  dues  shall  have  been  paid.  The  above  being  the  arranffement  agreed 
to  regarding  the  transit  dues,  which  will  thus  be  levied  once  and  for  all,  the  notifica- 
tion required  under  Article  XXVIII  of  the  treaty  of  Tientsin  for  the  information  of 
British  and  Chinese  subjects  is  hereby  dispensed  with. 

RUR  8.  Foreign  trade  under  paeeporL-^lt  is  agreed  that  Article  IX  of  the  treaty  of 
Tientsin  shall  not  be  interpreted  as  authorizing  British  subjects  to  enter  the  capital 
city  of  Peking  for  the  purpose  of  trade. 

Rule  9.  AMition  of  the  mtltagefee. — It  is  agreed  that  the  percentage  of  tael  two 
mace,  hitherto  charged  in  excess  of  duty  payments  to  defray  the  expenses  of  melting 
by  the  Chinese  Government,  shall  be  no  longer  levied  on  British  subjects. 

Rule  10.  Collection  of  duties  under  one  system  at  all  ports. — It  being  by  treaty,  at 
the  option  of  the  Chinese  Government,  to  adopt  what  means  appear  to  it  best  suited 
to  protect  its  revenue  accruing  on  British  trade,  it  is  agreed  that  one  uniform  system 
shall  be  enforced  at  every  port. 

The  high  officer  appointed  by  the  Chinese  Government  to  superintend  foreign  trade 
will,  accordingly,  from  time  to  time,  either  himself  visit  or  will  send  a  deputy  to 
visit  the  different  ports.  The  said  high  officer  will  be  at  liberty,  of  his  own  choice, 
and  independently  of  the  suggestion  or  nomination  of  any  British  authority,  to  select 
any  British  subject  he  ^ay  see  fit  to  aid  him  in  the  administration  of  the  customs' 
revenue,  in  the  prevention  of  smuggling,  in  the  definition  of  port  boundaries,  or  in 
discharging  the  duties  of  harbor  master ;  also  in  the  distribution  of  lights,  buoys, 
beacons,  and  the  like,  the  maintenance  of  which  shall  be  provided  for  out  of  the  ton- 
nage dues. 

The  Chinese  Government  will  adopt  what  measures  it  shall  find  requisite  to  pre  vent 
smuggling  upon  the  Yang-tsze-kiang  when  that  river  shall  be  opened  to  trade. 

Done  at  Shanghai,  in  tne  province  of  Kiang-sn,  this  8th  day  of  November,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  1858,  being  the  third  day  of  the  tenth  moon  of  the  eighth  year  of 
the  reign  of  Hien  Fung. 

[L.  8.]  ELGIN  AND  KINCARDINE. 

LSKAL  OF  OHINBSB  PLEinPOTENTIARIES.  ] 

[Signature  of  five  Chinese  Plenipotentiaries.] 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


549 


JAPAN. 
THE  TAUTFF  OF  JAPAH. 

TRAJUBMITTED  BY  CONSUL  STAHBL,  OF  OSAKA  AND  HIO0O, 

In  compliance  with  instructions  contained  in  Department  of  State 
circnlar  dated  December  1,  ultimo,  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  here- 
with the  present  import  and  export  ta^itl  of  Japan. 

J.  STAHEL, 

CansuL 
United  States  Oonsxtlate, 

Hiogoy  March  13, 1882. 


Import  and  export  tariff  under  ihe  new  eonventUm  of  1866  and  eubeequent  arratigemente, 

IMPORT  TARIFF. 
Class  l,—JSpeaiflo  dutiee. 


Ka 


1 
2 
8 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
0 
10 

11 


12 


18 

U 


1ft 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
28 
24 
25 
28 

27 
28 
29 
80 
81 
82 


Articles. 


Alnin 

Betel-nut , 

Braes  bnttooa 

Candles , 

Canvas  and  cotton  dock 

Cigars 

Cloves  and  mother  cloves 

Cochineal 

Cordage 

Cotton,  raw 

Cotton  manufaotores : 

Shirtings  (grey,  whiter  and  twilled,  white,  spotted, 
or  flgured),  drills  and  Jeans,  white  brocades,  T- 
cloths,  cambrics,  muslins,  lawns,  dimities,  anilt- 
ing,  cottonets.  All  the  above  goods  dyed.  Prmted 
cottons,  chintses,  and  famitnre: 

A.  Not  exceeding  84  inches  wide 

B.  Not  exceeding  40  inches  wide 

C.  Not  exceeding:  46  Inches  wide 

D.  Exceeding  46  inches  wide 

Taiikchelass : 

Not  exceeding  31  Inches 

Exceeding  31  inches  and  not  exceeding  43  inches. 

Pnstians.  as  cotton  velvets,  velveteens,  satins,  satin- 
ets,  and  cotton  damask,  not  exceeding  40  inches. 

Oingnaros: 

Not  exceeding  81  inches 

Not  oxceeiUng  43  inches 

Handkerchiefs 

Single 1 8  and  drawers 

Table-cloths. 

Cotton  thread,  plain  or  dyed,  in  reel  or  ball 

C o tton  yam,  plain  or  dy ed 

Catechn 

Feathers,  (kingflsher,  peacock,  &c.) 

Flints  

Gambler 

Gamboge 

Glass,  window 

Glue 

Gum: 

Bei^Jamin  and  oil  of  gum 

Dragon's  blood,  myrrh,  olibanum 

Gvpsum 

Hides,  buffiilo  and  cow 

Horns,  bu£EEilo  and  deer 

Horns,  rhinoceros 

Hoofs 


Per— 


100  catties 

do... 

Gross 

100  catties 
10  yards  .. 

Catty 

100  catUes 

do... 

do... 

do... 


10  yards 

do. 

do. 

do. 


.do 
.do 
.do 


do 

do 

Dozen , 

do 

Each 

100  catties 

do 

do 

100  in  number 

100  catties , 

do 

do 

Box  of  100  square  feet , 
100  catties 


.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


*Boo0.  Cents. 

0 

15 

0 

46 

0 

22 

2 

25 

0 

26 

0 

26 

1 

00 

21 

00 

1 

26 

1 

26 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
7 
6 
0 
1 
0 
0 
8 
0 
0 

2 
1 
0 
1 
1 
8 
0 


10 

174 

26 

20 


6 

9 

5 

25 

6 

50 

00 

75 

50 

12 

45 

75 

85 

60 

40 
80 

8 
20 

5 
50 
«(^ 


*See  Bnle  IH,  page  562. 


550 


TABIFFS  OF  THE  8EVEEAL  COUNTRIES. 


niPOET  TARIFF— Continued. 
CL168  I. — Specific  duHes — Continned. 


Va 


84 
86 
36 
87 

88 
88 
40 
41 

42 
48 

44 

45 
46 

47 

48 
48 
60 
61 
52 
63 

54 
66 

56 
57 
68 
69 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 

71 
72 
73 
74 
75 

76 


77 
78 
79 

80 
81 
82 


83 


84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
S9 


ArtklM. 


Per— 


Indigo: 

Liquid 

Dry 

iTory,  elephanU'  teeth.  aU  qimlitiM  

Pftint,  a«  n>d,  white,  and  vellow  lead  (miniam,  ceraae,  and 
maaaioot),  and  pidnt  oUa. 

Leather 

Linen,  all  qoalities 

Mangrove  bark 

Hatting,  floor 

Metals:   ' 

Copper  and  brass  in  alaba,  sheets,  roda,  naila 

Yellow  metal,  mants  metal,  sheathing  and  naila 

Iron,  manafactnred : 

Rods,  bars,  nails,  Ao 

Pigs 

Kf^Dtledge 

Wire 

Lead: 

Pigs  

Sheet    : 

Spelter  and  zinc 

Stoel 

Tin 

Tin-plates 


100  catties 

do... 

do  ... 

do... 


do 

10  yards 

100  catties 

Eollof40yards. 


lOOcattiea 
do... 


/ 


Oil-cloth  for  flooring 

Oil-cloth  or  leather  for  fomitare 

Pepper,  black  and  white 

Putchock 

Quicksilver 

Qalnioo 

Kattans   

Rhabarb ^ 

Salt  fish 

Sandalwood 

Sapan  wood « 

Sea-horse  teeth 

Narwhal  or  "unicorn"  teeth 

Sharks' skins 

Snufl' 

Soap,  bar 

Stick  lac 

Sogar: 

Brown  and  black 

White 

Candy  and  loaf 

Tobacco 

Vermillion 

Woolen  manofuctures: 

Broad,  habit,  mediam,  and  narrow  cloth — 

Not  exceeding  34  inches 

Not  exceeding  65  inches '. 

Exceeding  55  inches 

Spanish  stripes 

Casslmercs,  flannel,  long  ells,  and  serges 

Bunting 

Camlets : 

Dutch 

English 

Lastings, crape  lastings,and  worsted  crapes,  merinos, 
and  all  other  woolen  goods  not  classed  under  No. 
76: 

A.  Not  exceeding  34  inches .* 

B.  Exceeding  84  inches 

Woolen  and  cotton  mixtures  as  imitations,  camlet 

imitation,  lastings.  Orleans  (plain  and  figured), 
lusties  (plain  and  figured),  alpacas, baratheas, 
damasks,  Italian  clotli,  tafiachefass,  rusaell  cords, 
cassandras,  woolen  fancies,  camlet  cords,  and  all 
other  cotton  and  woolen  mixtui-es — 

A.  Not  exceeding  34  inches 

B.  Exceeding  34  inches 

Blankets  and  horse  clothn 

Traveling  riiL'S,  plaids,  and  shawls 

Figured  woolen  table  cloths.   

Woolen  smglets  and  drawers 

Woolen  and  cotton  singlets  and  drawers 

Woolen  yam,  plain  and  dyed 


do 
.do 
.do 

do 

.do 
.do 

do 
.do 

do 


Box  of  not  exceeding  90 
catties. 

10  yards 

do 

lOOcattiea 

do 

do 

Catty 

lOOcattiea 

do 


do... 

do  ... 

do... 

do... 

Cattjr 

lOO  pieces. 

Catty 

100  cutties 
do... 


do 

do 

.do 

do 

.do 


10  yards 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do 
.do 


.do 
.do 


do.. 

do.. 

10  catties 

Each 

do.. 

Dozen  ... 

do.. 

00  catties 


0 

t 
15 

1 

2 
0 
0 
0 

3 
2 

0 
0 
0 
0 


75 
75 
00 
50 

00 
20 
15 
75 

50 
5 

80 
15 

6 
80 


0 

80 

1 

00 

0 

60 

0 

60 

3 

00 

0 

70 

0 

30 

0 

15 

1 

00 

2 

25 

6 

oe 

1 

50 

0 

45 

1 

00 

0 

75 

1 

25 

0 

40 

7 

50 

1 

00 

7 

60 

0 

80 

0 

60 

1 

75 

0 

40 

0 

75 

1 

00 

1 

80 

9 

00 

t 

00 

1 

00 

1 

25 

0 

75 

0 

45 

0 

15 

0  . 

75 

0  • 

40 

0 

80 

0 

45 

0 

80 

0 

45 

0 

50 

0 

50 

0 

76 

0 

80 

0 

60 

10 

00 

TAEIFPS   OP   THE   8EAE8AL   COUNTRIES. 


551 


Class  II. — Duty-free  goads. 

All  animals  nsed  for  food  or  draught ;  anchors  and  chain  cables ;  coal ;  clothing  not 
being  articles  named  in  this  tariff;  gold  and  silver,  coined  and  uncoined :  grain,  includ- 
ing rice,  paddy,  wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  pease,  beans,  millet,  Indian  com ;  flour  and 
meal  prepared  from  above;  oil-cake;  packing-matting;  printed  books;  salt;  salted 
meats  in  casks;  saltpeter;  solder;  tar  and  pitch;  tea-tiriug  pans  and  baskets ;  tea 
lead ;  traveling  baggage. 

Class  lll.^ProhihUed  goods. 
Opium. 

Class  IV. — Goods  subjeat  to  an  ad  valorem  duty  of  five  per  omt.  on  original  value. 

Arms  and  munitions  of  war;  articles  de  Paris;  boots  and  shoes;  clocks,  watches, 
and  musical  boxes;  coral ;  cutlery ;  drugs  and  medicines,  such  as  ginseng,  &,c, ;  dyes; 
European  porcelain  and  earthenware;  lumiture  of  all  kinds,  new  and  second-hand; 
^lass  and  crystal  ware ;  gold  and  silver  lace  and  thread ;  eums  and  spices  not  named 
in  tariff;  lamps,  looking-glasses j  jewelry;  machinery  and  manufactures  in  iron  or 
8teel;  manufactures  of  all  Kinds  in  silk  and  cotton  or  silk  and  wool,  as  velvets,  dam- 
Asks,  brocades,  &c.;  paintings  and  engravings |  perfumery,  scented  soap;  plated 
ware;  skins  and  furs;  telescopes  and  scientific  instruments;  timber;  wines,  malt 
And  spirituous  liquors;  table  stores  of  all  kinds,  and  all  other  unenumerated  goods. 

EXPORT  DUTIES. 
Class  I. — Specific  duties. 


No. 


I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 
23 

24 
26 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

31 
32 

33 
34 
35 
36 

37 
3d 
39 
40 

41 
42 
43 
44 


Articles. 


Awabi  . .  r 

Awabi  HhellB 

Camphor 

China  root  (bakrio) 

CaRsia 

Catisiabuds 

Coal 

Cotton  (raw) 

Coir 


Fish,  <lried  or  ealted,  Mdmon  and  cod. 

Fi»h,  cuttle 

Gallnnta 

Ghinanfi;,  or  ichio   

Hemp 

Honey 

Horns,  deers,  old 

Irico,  or  beche  de  mer 

Iron,  Japanese 

Isinulaas 

Lead 

Mnshrooms,  all  qualities 

OU: 

Fish 

Seed 

Paper: 

Writing 

Inferior   

Pease,*  beans,  and  pulse  of  all  kinds.. 

Peony  bark,  Botanpi 

Potatoes 

Raes 

Sak6,  or  Japanese  wines  or  spirits  . . . 
Seaweed: 

Uncut 

Cut 

Seeds: 

Kape 

Sesamum 

Sharks'flns   

Shrimim  and  prawns,  dried  salt 

SUk: 

Raw  and  thrown 

Tama  or  Dupioni 

Noshi  or  skin  silk 

Floss  silk..... 

Cocoons : 

Pierced 

Unpierced 

Waste  silk  and  waste  cocoons 

Silk- worms'  eggs 


Per— 


100  catties. 
....do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

. .  do 

....do 

...do 

...do 


.do 
.do 
.do 

do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 

do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
do 
.do 

do 
.do 

do 

.do, 

.do 

do 

.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


Boos.  Cents. 


...do 
...do 
...do 
Sheet 


3 
0 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
2 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
2 
1 
0 
8 
0 
2 
0 
6 

0 
I 

8 
1 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

1 
1 

75 

20 

7 

20 

7 

12 

2 

0 


00 
08 
80 
75 
30 
25 
04 
25 
45 
75 
05 
90 
45 
00 
05 
90 
00 
60 
25 
90 
00 

30 
05 

00 
00 
80 
75 
15 
12 
90 

80 
60 

45 
90 
80 
80 

00 
00 
50 
00 

00 
00 
25 
07i 


552 


TARIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTBIE& 


EXPORT  DUTIES-Contiiiiied. 
CIJL08  h^SpedJie  dmUa. 


V«i 


45 
46 

47 
48 

40 
80 
61 

88 
S9 


So^plrar 

Toft 

Tea.  iinaUty  kaovB  m  "Bta  ch*' 
Tolwcoo: 

Cat  or  prepwd ••«■■•..••••••• 

Tennioelli 

Wax: 
'     ▼•g«Ubl« 


100 


.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 
.do 

.do 
.do 


t 
t 
t 
t 

t 
1 
t 

1 
2 


50 

n 

75 
80 
45 


CuLSfi  IL—Dutjf'frmgoodi. 

Gold,  silver,  and  copper,  coined:  gold  And sUyer,  nncoined,  of  Japaneee prodootiMi, 
to  be  sold  onW  by  tbe  Japanese  Government  at  pnblic  auction;  nee,  paddy,  wheals 
and  barley ;  nonr  made  firom  the  above. 

CuLBS  m. — Ooodi  9ubjeet  to  an  ad  valorem  dutjf  of  five  per  oaal.,  to  he  oaleuUUed  on  Aeir 

•market  value. 

Bamboo  ware;  copper;  copper  utensils  of  all  kinds;  charcoal ;  saltpeter:  Kinson^^ 
and  unennmerated  dra^;  horns,  deer,  young  or  soft ;  mats  and  mattine;  silk  dresses, 
manufactures  or  embroideries ;  timber,  except  that  of  Hakodadi ;  and  all'  other  un- 
ennmerated goods. 

BULBS.    • 
RULB  I. 

Unennmerated  imports,  if  mentioned  in  the  export  list,  shall  not  pay  duty  under 
that  list,  but  shall  be  passed  ad  valorem ;  and  the  same  rule  shall  apply  to  any  un- 
ennmerated export  that  may  be  named  in  the  import  list. 

RuLB  n. 

Foreigners  resident  in  Japan  and  the  crews  or  passengers  of  foreign  ships  shall  be 
allowed  to  purchase  such  supplies  of  the  grain  or  flour  named  in  the  list  of  exports 
as  they  may  require  for  their  own  coDsumption,  but  the  usual  shipping  permit  mast 
be  obtained  from  the  cuKtom-house  before  any  of  the  aforesaid  grain  or  flour  can  be 
shipped  to  a  foreign  vessel. 

RULB  III. 

The  catty  mentioned  in  this  tariff  is  equal  to  the  l^-  pounds  English  avoirdupois 
weight.  'The  yard  is  the  English  measure  of  3  feet,  the  English  foot  bein^  one-eisnth 
of  an  inch  larger  than  the  Japanese  kaueshaku.  The  boo  is  a  silver  coin,  weij^ning 
not  less  than  134  grains  troy  weight,  and  containing  not  less  than  nine  parts  or  pure 
silver  and  not  more  than  one  of  alloy-    The  cent  is  one  hundredth  part  of  the  boa 


TARIFFS   OF  THE   SETEBAL   CODNTEIES.  55S 


EAWAIIAH  TABIFF. 

BEPOBT  BY  CONSUL  M'KINLBT,  OF  HONOLVLV, 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  Department  circnlar  of 
December  1, 1881,  and  in  compliance  with  the  request  contained  therein 
I  inclose  a  copy  of  the  ^^  Hawaiian  Tarifi:  and  Digest,"  corrected  to  date 
by  the  collector  general  of  customs ;  also  a  copy  of  the  tariff  act  of  1878» 

D.  A.  mob:inlet, 

United  States  Consxtlate, 

HanolulUy  February  17, 1882. 


TABIFF,  OB  BATES  OF  DUTIES  ON  ALL  OOOD8,  WABES,  AJW  MEBCHAN- 
VISE  IMPORTED  INTO  THE  HA  WAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

FREB  IMPORTS. 

AnimaU)  birds,  bees,  inteoded  for  4mpToyitig  the  breeds.    (See.  517.  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Bags  and  containers  (old)  returned,  when  accompanied  by  certificate  of  Hawaiian 
consuL    (Reflations  of  April  17,  1867.) 

Books  printed  m  Hawaiian.    (Act  of  Jnly  6,  1866.) 

Catechn.     (See  Tanning.^ 

Coals,    r  Act  of  Dec.  30,  1864.) 

Copper  sneatbing  and  all  description  of  sheatbinff  metal.    (Act  of  June  22,  1868.) 

Diplomatic  representatives.  All  goods  imported  for  their  private  use  and  consump- 
tion.    (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Foreign  navies.  All  supplies  when  imported  and  used  as  such.  TSec.  517,  art.  6,  civil 
code.) 

Foreign  whalers.  Merchandise  imported  by  them  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  sees.  569  to  573  of  the  civil  code.  Grold  and  silver  coins.  (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil 
code.) 

His  Majesty.  All  goods  or  other  articles  imported  for  his  use.  (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil 
code.) 

Hawaiian  (jtovemment.  All  goods  or  articles  imported  for  the  use  of  the  several  de- 
partments of  the  (government.    (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Hawaiian  whalern.  Oil,  bone,  fish,  or  other  products  of  the  sea,  being  the  catch  of 
duly  registered  Hawaiian  vessels.     (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Household  effects,  old  and  in  use,  of  persons  arriving  from  abroad ;  also  the  effects, 
not  merchandise,  of  Hawaiian  subjects  dying  abroad.    (See.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Iron.  All  pig  iron,  and  plate  iron  of  i  of  an  inch  in  thickness  and  upwards.  (Act  of 
June  17,  1862.) 

Models  of  inventions,  if  not  fitted  for  use.     (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Oak  bark.    (/Sm  Tanning.) 

Oil  bone,  &c.    (See  Hawaiian  Whalers.) 

Plants  and  seeds,  when  not  intended  for  sale.    (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Philosophical,  chemical,  and  other  apparatus  for  the  use  of  schools  and  colleges. 
(Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Betumed  cargo,  bein^^  merchandise  exported  to  a  foreign  country  and  brought  back 
in  the  same  condition  as  when  exported,  accompanied  by  certificate  of  Hawaiian 
consul.    (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code,  and  regulation  of  April  17,  1867.) 

Specie.     (/5^  Gold  and  silver  coins.) 

Specimens  of  botany,  mineralogy,  geology,  and  other  natural  sciences,  for  the  use  of 
schools  and  colleges.    (Sec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Tanning.  Certain  material  used  in.  Oak  bark,  catechu,  and  other  substances  con- 
taining *•  tannin."    (Act  of  June  22,  1«68.) 

Tools  of  trade,  professional  books,  and  implements  in  actual  use  of  persons  from  abroad. 
fSec.  517,  art.  6,  civil  code.) 

Yellow  metal.    {See  Copper.) 


554         TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

DUTIABLE  IMPORTS. 

Alcohol,  and  other  spirits  of  the  BtreDgth  of  alcohol,  $10  per  i^alloii. 

Alcohol,  provided  that  security  be  giyen  that  the  same  is  intended  fbr  medicinal, 

mechanical,  or  scfentifio  purposes,  upon  application  in  due  form,  50  per  cent,  ad  va- 
lorem. 
Ale.  porter,  beer,  cider,  and  other  fermented  beverages,  below  eighteen  per  cent,  of 

alcoholic  strength,  40  cents  per  dozen  quarts;  20  cents  per  dozen  pints ;  15  cents  per 

gallon,  in  bulk. 
Bitters,    (^e  Brandy  and  Wine.) 
*Braudy,  gin,  rum,  whisky,  liqueurs,  cordials,  bitters,  brandied  fruits,  perfumery,  and 

other  articles  of  merchandise,  sweetened  or  mixed,  containing  alcohol  or  spirits,  of 

the  strength  of  thirty  per  cent,  or  upwards  and  not  exceeding  fifty -five  per  cent,  of 

alcohol,  $3  per  gallon. 
Brandied  fruits.    (/See Brandy.) 
C  igars.     ( See  Tobacco. ) 
Coffee,  the  product  of  any  country  with  which  this  Government  has  no  existing 

treaty,  3  cents  per  pound. 
Ooflee,all  other,  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Cordials.     {See  Brandy  and  Wine.) 
Gin.     (See  Brandy.) 
Liqueurs.     (See  Brandy.) 

Molasses  and  sirups  of  sugar,  the  product  of  any  country  with  which  this  Govern- 
ment has  no  existing  treaty,  10  cents  per  gallon. 
Molasses,  all  other,  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
tOpium  and  all  manufactures  thereof,  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Peppermint.    ( Sec  Brandy. ) 
Perfumery.     (See  Brandy.) 
Porter.    (See  Ale,) 

Rice,  cleaned,  2^  cents  per  pound ;  in  the  husk,  1^  cents  per  pound. 
Rum.    (See  Brandy.) 
8ugar,  2^  cents  per  pound. 

Tobacco  and  all  manufactures  thereof,  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Whisky.     (See  Brandy.) 
Wines...  Madeira,  sherry,  port,  and  all  other  wines,  cordials  and  bitters  and  all  other 

articles  of  merchandise  contained  or  preserved  in  alcohol  or  spirits,  above  eighteen 

per  cent,  and  below  thirty  per  cent,  of  alcoholic  strength,  $2  per  gallon. 
Wines.    Champagne,  claret,  ginger  wine,  California  wines,  Rhine  wines,  quinine  wine, 

and  all  other  wines,  bitters,  and  cordials  of  a  higher  quality  than  wines  of  '*  Cargai- 

Bon,"  when  below  eighteen  per  cent,  of  alcoholic  strength,  40  cents  per  dozen  qnaxts ; 

20  cents  per  dozen  pints ;  15  cents  per  gallon  in  bulk. 

Upon  all  other  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise  of  whatever  description  imported  into 
this  kingdom,  there  shall  be  levied,  collected  and  paid,  a  duty  of  ten  per  cent,  ad  va- 
lorem, including  all  charges  as  per  original  invoice,  except  the  following : 

Cigarettes  and  paper  cigars,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Pipe  and  pipe  fixtures,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Candies,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Peanut  oil,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Fire- works  and  fire-crackers,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Kid,  leather  gloves,  and  gauntlets,  per  dozen  pair,  $3. 

Camphor  trunks,  each,  50  cents. 

China  matting,  per  roll,  |1. 

All  invoices  of  merchandise  presented  at  any  of  the  custom-houses  of  this  king- 
dom, for  entry,  must  be  accompanied  by  the  certificate  of  the  Hawaiian  consul  at  the 
port  of  shipment,  otherwise  25  per  cent,  will  be  added  to  the  original  value  and  the 
usual  duties  levied  on  the  increased  value  thereof. 

Note. — There  are  no  transit  or  export  duties  or  charges  other  than  the  cost  of  entry  forma,  as  r»> 
qnired  by  law. 

Arrival  and  Entry  of  Vessels. 

merchantmen. 

The  commanding  officer  of  any  merchant  vesHcl,  immediately  after  her  arrival  at 
either  of  the  legal izcMl  ports  of  entry,  sh.ili  make  known  to  the  collector  of  customs 
the  business  uimju  which  said  vchscI  has  come  to  thin  port,  and  deliver  him,  under 

•The  instruments  u«ed  for  oscertainiug  the  alcoholic  strenpth  of  spirits,  vines,  perfumery,  &Cy  are 
the  "AlcooDidtre  Centesimal"  of  M.  Gay-LiiMauc.  and  the  "  Thermumdtre  Alcoom6trique "  of  Lerts- 
bours  Sc  Si'cretan. 

t  Contraband.  Opium  can  only  be  imported  by  such  persons  as  may  be  duly  licensed  by  the  minister 
cf  the  interior,  to  impoit  and  selL 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         555 

oath,  a  full,  true,  and  perfect  muDifcst  of  the  carso  with  which  said  vessel  is  laden 
before  allowing  any  parcels  to  be  landed,  except  Ihe  mail  hags^  delivered  to  the  order 
of  the  postmaster ;  which  manifest  shall  contain  an  account  of  the  packages  with 
their  marks,  numbers,  contents,  and  quantities;  also  the  names  of  the  importers,  or 
consignees,  and  shippers. 

>  And  furnish  him  with  a  list  bf  all  her  passengers  before  allowing  any  baggage  to  be 
landed. 

And  deliver  him,  under  oath,  a  list  of  all  stores  on  board  his  vessel,  under  penalty 
of  forleiting  all  stores  not  mentioned  in  puch  list  and  a  tine  of  one  hundred  dollars. 

When  any  such  officer  shall  fail  to  perform  any  or  all  of  the  acts  above  mentioned, 
'Within  forty-eight  hours  after  his  arrival,  he  shall  be  subjected  to  a  fine  not  exceed- 
iDg  one  thousand  dollars. 

All  letters  under  the  care  of  the  captain,  or  within  his  power,  except  such  as  are 
directed  to  the  owner  or  consignee  of  the  vessel,  must  be  delivered  to  the  postmaster 
of  the  port  before  entry  can  be  made  or  report  received. 

All  goods  imported  in  any  vessel  and  which  are  not  included  in  her  inward  mani- 
fest shall  be  liable  to  seizure  and  confiscation,  and  the  vessel  and  master  shall  be 
liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars. 

When  all  the  goods  included  in  the  inward  manifest  are  not  produced  or  accounted 
for  to  the  collector,  the  vessel  and  master  shall  be  liable  fur  the  apxtraised  value  of 
such  deficiency  and  the  duties  thereon,  together  with  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thou- 
sand dollars. 

No  goods  or  articles  of  any  description  shall  be  landed  at  any  of  the  ports  of  this 
kingdom  on  any  Sunday  or  national  holiday,  nor  on  other  days,  except  between  sun- 
rise and  sunset,  nor  until  the  same  shall  have  been  duly  entered  at  the  custom-house 
and  landing  permit  issued,  under  penalty  of  seizure  and  confiscation. 

WHALEMEN. 

Masters  of  whaling  vessels  shall  enter  their  vessels  at  the  custom-house  within 
forty-eight  hours  after  their  arrival  at  either  of  the  ports  of  entry,  and  previous  to 
discharging  or  shipping  any  seamen,  or  taking  off  any  supplies  or  stores,  under  pen- 
alty of  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars. 

They  shall  also,  within  the  time  above  stated,  furnish  under  oath  a  list  of  all  wines 
and  spirits  on  board  as  stores,  and  a  manifest  of  all  cargo  and  freight  except  the  pro- 
duce of  their  fishery  and  the  outfit,  provisions  and  furniture  of  their  vessel,  under 
penalty  of  forfeiting  all  such  stores,  cargo,  and  freight  as  are  not  on  the  list  of  stores 
or  manifest,  and  a  fine  of  one  hundred  dollars. 

Every  master  of  a  whaling  vessel,  who  shall  have  duly  entered  his  vessel  at  the 
custom-house,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  permit  from  the  collector  to  trade  or  barter  goods 
for  refreshment  and  supplies  to  the-  amount  of  twelve  hundred  dollars,  original  in- 
voice value,  two  hundred  dollars  of  which  shall  be  free  of  duties. 

This  privilege  to  trade  or  barter  may  be  used  at  one  or  more  ports  of  the  kingdom, 
lint  shall  not  be  construed  so  as  to  permit  any  such  vessel  to  trade  or  barter  ^oods  to 
a  ipeater  amount  in  all  than  twelve  hundred  dollars  during  one  visit  to  the  kingdom. 

Whalers'  permits  do  not  include  the  trade,  sale,  landing,  or  disposal  of  spirituous 
liquors,  and  all  such  traffic  on  the  part  of  whaling  vesseU  shall  subject  them  to  all 
the  charges  of  merchant  vessels  and  to  all  other  legal  liabilities. 

The  same  duties  shall  be  exacted  of  whaling  vessels  as  are  exacted  of  merchant 
vessels  for  any  goods  landed  or  disposed  of  by  tnem,  exceeding  the  value  of  two  hun- 
dred dollars;  and,  in  case  such  excess  amounts  to  more  than  one  thousand  dollars, 
they  shall  be  deemed  in  law  to  have  become  merchantmen,  and  be  subjected  to  all 
the  charges  of  merchant  vessels. 

All  articles  to  be  landed  on  whalers'  permit  must  be  entered  upon  it  with  ink,  and 
the  value  carried  out,  before  leaving  the  vessel. 

Every  master  of  a  whaling  vessel  who  shall  fail  to  produce  his  permit,  when  called 
for  by  any  officer  of  customs,  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  less  than  ten  nor  more 
than  fifty  dollars,  to  be  imposed  by  the  collector. 

CUSTOM-HOUSE  GUARDS. 

The  collector  shall  provide  an  officer  to  be  present  on  board  any  vessel  during  her 
discharge,  or  at  any  other  time  when  he  may  deem  it  necessary,  to  superintend  the 
lanaing  of  her  cargo,  and  see  that  no  other  or  greater  amount  of  goods  are  landed 
than  is  set  forth  upon  the  permit  to  discharge. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commanding  officer  of  any  vessel  when  boarded  by  an 
officer  of  the  customs  to  furnish  him  promptly  with  any  and  all  iuformation  whicn  he 
may  require  in  regard  to  the  vessel,  her  cargo,  stores,  passengers,  &c:,  and  exhibit 
for  his  inspection  her  manifest,  register,  or  other  papers  relating  to  the  sam^. 


556         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

Eyery  veasel  of  not  more  than  five  bondred  tons  shall  be  allowed  six  days,  and 
every  vessel  of  five  bondred  tons  and  upwards  shall  be  allowed  twelve  days  after 
entry  in  which  to  dischar^ ;  bnt  for  all  days  in  excess,  the  compensation  of  the  officer 
superintending  the  landing  of  the  cargo  shall  be  a  charge  against  the  vesseL  Sun- 
days and  holidays  shall  not  be  counted  in  the  number  of  days  allowed  for  discharge 
at  the  expense  of  the  Oovemment. 

PASSENGERS. 

If  the  master  of  any  vessel,  arriving  at  any  port  of  entry  of  this  kingdom  from  a 
foreign  port,  shall  suffer  the  bagsage  of  any  passenser  on  board  of  his  vessel  to  be 
removed  on  shore  from  such  vessel^  unless  a  permit  therefor  has  been  obtained  from 
the  collector  of  the  port,  such  master  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  fifty  dol- 
lars, in  the  discretion  of  the  collector  of  customs. 

If  any  passenger,  arriving  at  a  port  of  entry  of  this  kingdom,  on  board  of  a  vessel 
coming  from  a  foreign  port,  shall  remove  his  baggage  on  shore  from  such  vessel,  with- 
out first  obtidning  a  permit  therefor  from  the  collector  of  the  port,  such  passenger 
shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  fifty  dollars,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Any  passenger  arriving  from  a  foreign  port,  at  any  of  the  "ports  of  this  kingdom, 
shall  be  subject  to  a  tax  of  two  dollars  for  the  support  of  hospitals  for  the  benefit  of 
sick  and  disabled  Hawaiian  seamen,  which  shall  be  paid  to  the  several  collectors  of 
customs  before  any  permit  is  issued  to  such  passenger  to  land  his  baggage. 

If  the  master  of  any  vessel  shall  allow  any  passenger  to  land  his  baggage  or  other 
effects,  at  any  port  or  this  kingdom,  without  payment  of  the  aforesaid  titx,  he  shall 
be  liable  therefor,  and  also  to  a  penalty  of  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than  fifty  dol- 
lars, to  be  imposed  by  the  collector  in  his  discretion;  such  baggage  or  other  effects 
shall  also  be  subject  to  seizure  and  sale. 

MARINE  HOSPITAL  TAX. 

The  master  or  owner  of  every  ship  or  vessel  under  the  Hawaiian  fiag,  arriving  from 
any  foreign  port  or  from  sea,  at  any  port  of  the  Hawaiian  kingdom,  shall,  before  such 
ship  is  admitted  to  entry,  render  to  the  collector  of  such  port  a  true  account  of  the 
number  of  seamen  who  have  been  employed  on  board  since  the  last  entry  at  any 
Hawaiian  port,  and  pay  to  said  collector  at  the  rate  of  twenty-five  cents  per  month  for 
each  and  every  seaman  so  employed,  for  the  benefit  of  the  marine  hospital  fund; 
which  amount  such  master  or  owner  is  authorized  to  retain  out  of  tbe  wages  of  said 
seamen. 

The  master  of  every  coasting  vessel,  employed  in  the  carrying  trade  between  the 
different  ports,  roadsteads  or  harbors  of  the  Hawaiian  kingdom,  shall  render  quarterly, 
to  the  collector  general  of  customs,  or  to  any  collector  under  his  directions,  a  true 
list  of  all  seamen  employed  by  him  during  the  preceding  three  months,  and  pay  to 
said  collector  general  or  collector,  at  the  rate  of  twenty-five  cents  per  mouth,  for  each 
and  every  seaman  so  employed,  for  the  benefit  of  the  marine  hospital  fund;  which 
sum  said  master  is  authorized  to  retain  out  of  tbe  wages  of  such  scamau. 

The  returns  required  as  above  shall  be  made  under  oath,  in  such  manner  and  form 
as  the  collector  general  may  prescribe.  If  any  owner  or  master  shall  make  a  false  re- 
turn, he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  penury  and  punished  accordingly.  He  shall  also 
be  subject  to  a  penalty  of  roe  hundred  dollars,  for  the  benefit  of  the  said  marine  hos- 
pital fund,  and  his  vessel  shall  be  liable  to  seizure,  condemnation  and  sale,  to  secure 
the  payment  of  such  penalty. 

PASSPORTS. 

Every  adult  who  may  have  resided  on  these  islands  for  more  than  thirty  days,  wish- 
ing t-o  leave  the  kingdom,  shall  make  application  to  tbe  collector  of  the  port  from 
which  he  intends  to  sail,  for  a  passport. 

It  shall  be  lawful  for  the  collectors  of  customs  to  grant  passports  to  all  applicants 
for  the  same,  except  in  tbe  following  cases : 

First.  In  case  of  the  indebtedness  or  obligation  to  pay  money,  of  the  applicant,  to 
the  Government  or  to  any  private  individual,  of  which  the  collector  has  received 
written  notice,  accompanied  by  a  request  not  to  grant  a  passport. 

Second.  Incuse  the  applicant  is  a  party  defendant  in  a  suit,  civil  or  criminal,  pend- 
ing before  any  court  in  this  kingdom,  of  which  the  collector  shall  have  received  writ- 
ten notice. 

Third.  In  case  of  a  writ  of  ne  exeat  regnOj  or  any  other  process  to  arrest  or  stay  the 
departure  of  the  applicant,  shall  have  been  issued  by  any  court  of  the  kingdom,  of 
which  the  collector  shall  have  received  notice  in  writing. 

Fourth.  In  case  of  a  written  complaint  bein^  made  to  the  collector  that  the  appli- 
cant is  about  to  depart  the  kingdom,  leaving  his  wife  or  family  unprovided  for. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVEKAL  COUNTRIES.         557 

Every  collector  of  customs  may,  after  graoting  a  passport,  cancel  the  same,  upon 
being^  satisfied  tliat  it  was  obtained  by  any  deceit  or  misrepresentation ;  or  that  the 
permission  to  leave  the  kingdom  will  work  great  wrong  or  injustice  to  the  Govern- 
ment, or  to  any  individnal. 

Every  master  or  commanding  officer  of  a  vessel  who  shall  convey  out  of  this  king- 
dom any  person  not  having  a  passport,  shall  be  subject  to  a  fine  of  fifty  dollars  and 
be  liable  K>r  all  debts  which  such  person  may  have  left  unpaid  In  this  kingdom.  And 
if  he  shall  fail  to  pay  such  fine  and  debts,  such  vessel  shall  be  subject  to  seizure,  con- 
deiiination  and  sale  for  the  payment  thereof;  provided  alwavs  that  these  provisions 
fihall  not  be  construed  as  applicable  to  any  seaman  legally  shipped  on  board  of  any 
vessel. 

Charge  for  passport,  protest  (price  of  stamp),  $3. 

Charge  for  passport  (price  of  stamp),  |l. 

A  sworn  statement  of  account  must  be  filed  in  the  collector's  office  within  10  days 
after  protest  has  been  made. 


CusTOM-HousE. — Storage  Regulations. 

The  expense  of  putting  in,  stowing,  and  taking  out  of  stores  will  be  borne  by  the 
importers  or  owners.  Any  loss  by  leakage,  breakage,  or  fire  shall  be  at  the  responsi- 
bility of  the  party  or  parties  who  place  the  goods  in  store. 

SPIRITUOUS  LIQUORS. 

The  importer  is  permitted  to  take  out  as  a  sample  of  each  kii^d  and  quality  one 
bottle  for  every  one  hundred  gallons,  and  one  bottle  for  every  fifty  cases,  free  of  duty ; 
bat  for  every  succeeding  sample  there  will  be  a  charge  of  one  dollar  for  each  bottle. 

Before  taking  a  package  out  of  the  stores  the  importer  will  present  an  order  to  the 
collector,  giving  the  marks,  numbers,  and  contents  thereof,  and  stating  whether  it  is 
intended  for  exportation  or  consumption. 

If  the  liquor  to  be  withdrawn  is  intended  for  consumption  the  duties  must  then  be 
paid :  but  if  it  is  intended^  for  exportation  an  outward  entry  must  be  made  in  the 
usual  form,  stating  by  who'm  it  is  to  be  exported,  dace  of  inward  entry,  vessel's  and 
master's  name  by  which  imported  and  by  which  it  is  to  be  exported. 

All  liquors  in  casks  will  be  gauged  as  they  are  taken  out  of  the  stores  for  consump- 
tion, and  duties  charged  only  upon  the  quantity  delivered. 

Liquors  taken  out  of  the  stores  for  exportation  or  consumption  must  not  be  in  less 
quantities  than  a  single  and  original  package.  (Exceptions  are  made  where  the 
package  is  a  hogshead  or  pipe.) 

OTHER  GOODS. 

Goods  taken  from  the  stores  mnst  be  in  original  packages.  If  for  consumption,  not 
less  than  one  hundred  dollars  in  value  will  be  delivered,  or  the  remainder  of  an  im- 
portation. Nothing  less  than  a  whole  package  will  be  delivered,  except  as  samples, 
and  then  in  the  least  quantity  that  will  make  a  fair  sample.  In  ordering  goods  out 
of  the  bonded  stores  for  exportation  or  consumption  the  same  form  must  be  observed 
as  with  spirits. 

RATES  OF   STORAGE. 

For  liquors  in  casks  and  kegs,  1  cent  per  gallon  per  month. 

For  liquors  in  cases,  ^  cent  per  gallon  per  month. 

For  bags  of  fionr  (200  pounds),  4  cents  each  per  month ;  other  sizes  in  proportion. 

For  barrels  of  flour,  meal,  and  bread,  4  cents  each  per  month. 

For  barrels  of  bottled  ale,  beer,  and  porter  (4  dozen  each)  4  cents  each  per  month. 

For  cases  of  bottled  ale,  beer,  and  porter  (4  dozen  each),  4  cents  each  per  month. 

For  barrels  of  beef,  pork,  and  fish,  5  cent«  each  per  month. 

For  barrels  of  pitch  and  tar,  7  cents  each  per  month. 

For  bundles,  snooks,  and  casks'  heads  and  hoops,  1  cent  per  barrel  per  month. 

For  whaleboats,  |l  each  per  month. 

Goods  (except  the  above  named),  40  cents  per  ton  per  month. 

QUANTITY  OF  GOODS  TO  COMPOSE  A  TON. 

Forty  feet  (cubic  measure) ;  2,000  pounds  pig  and  bar  iron,  sugar,  rice,  nails,  and 
similar  articles :  200  gallons  (wine  measure),  reckoning  the  full  contents  of  the  cask, 
of  oil,  vinegar,  lime-juice,  ale,  beer,  and  porter,  not  bottled. 


558  TARIFFS   OF   THE    SEVERAL    COUNTiOES. 

Not  less  than  one  month's  storage  to  be  charged,  and  (after  the  first  month)  if  lees 
than  twelve  days,  nothing;  over  twelve  days,  a  fall  month. 

From  the  date  of  each  transfer  the  storage  commences  anew. 

Storage  bills  on  liquors  will  be  rendered  every  quarter ;  on  other  goods,  every  aix 
mouths,  or  as  required. 


C0ABTKB8. 


The  collector  general  of  customs,  under  the  direction  of  the  minister  of  the  interior 
shall  ^rant  a  coasting  license  for  one  year  to  any  Hawaiian  registercMl  vessel,  the  owner 
of  which  shall  have  applied  to  him  in  writing,  setting  forth  the  vessePs  name,  with 
the  date  and  number  of  her  register,  which  license  shall  be  in  such  form  as  may  be 
approved  by  the  minister  of  the  interior. 

Upon  granting  such  license,  the  collector  general  of  customs  shall  exact  of  the  owner 
a  bond,  with  at  least  one  approved  surety,  in  the  penal  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars^ 
in  such  form  and  upon  such  condition  as  may  be  approved  by  the  minister  of  the  in- 
terior. 

Any  vessel  which  shall  engage  in  the  coasting  trade  of  this  kingdom  without  a  11- 
cenne,  shall  be  liable  to  seizure,  coudemnation,  and  sale. 

The  minister  of  the  interior  shall  have  power  to  establish  rules  for  the  guidance  and 
government  of  all  vessels  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade,  and  in  case  any  such  vessel 
shall  violate  any  of  the  said  rules,  he  shall  have  the  power  to  annul  its  license.  He 
may  also  at  any  time  impress  any  licensed  coaster  into  the  public  service,  upon  jost 
compensation,  to  be  afterwards  assessed  by  the  court  of  admiralty  of  this  kingdom. 

All  vessels  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  shall  carry  the  inter-island  mails,  free  of 
charge,  under  such  regulations  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  provided  by  law,  or  pre- 
scribed by  the  minister  of  the  interior,  upon  pain  of  forfeiting  their  licenses. 

It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  vessel  to  carry  passengers  between  the  different  islands 
of  this  kingdom,  except  such  vessels  as  shall  be  especially  licensed  for  that  purpose, 
under  a  penalty  of  "twenty  dollars  for  each  passenger  so  carried,  to  be  recovered  be- 
fore any  police  or  district  justice. 

Before  obtaining  the  said  license,  it  shall  be  necessary  that  the  vessel  shall  be  thor- 
oughly inspected  by  the  harbor  master  of  Honoluln,  one  of  the  pilots  of  said  port^ 
and  some  shipwright,  to  be  appointed  for  that  purpose  by  the  collector  general  of  cus- 
toms ;  and  if  the  said  inspectors  shall  certify  the  vessel  to  be  staunch  and  well  equipped, 
and  of  sufficient  capacity  and  accommodations  to  carry  passengers,  the  owner  of  such 
vessel  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  license  from  the  collector  general  to  carry  passengers 
between  the  islands  for  one  year,  subject  to  all  the  passport  regulations  for  carrying  of 
females,  as  provided  by  law. 

No  vessel  shall  carry  more  than  one  passenger  for  every  two  tons,  registered  burthen, 
excepting  steam  vessels,  the  same  being  allowed  to  carry  two  passengers  for  every  three 
tons'  burthen ;  and  in  case  of  any  violation  thereof,  the  master  of  such  vessel  shall  be 
liable  to  a  fine  of  five  dollars  for  each  passenger  so  carried,  the  same  to  be  I'ecovered 
before  any  police  or  district  justice. 

Each  vessel  licensed  to  carry  passengers  between  the  islands,  shall  carry  on  all  her 
passages,  secured  on  deck,  one  spare  extra  cask  of  the  capacity  of  at  least  two  barrels, 
filled  with  water;  and  under  her  deck,  easily  accessible,  as  many  barrels  of  good  sound 
bread  or  rice  and  salt  provisions  and  water  as  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  required  by 
the  harbor  master  of  Honolulu ;  and  for  disobedience  of  the  orders  of  the  harbormas- 
ter, by  not  carrying  the  amount  of  water  and  provisions  required  by  him,  the  vessel 
shall  be  liable  to  have  her  license  revoked  by  the  collector  general,  and  the  master 
shall  be  further  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars,  to  be  recovered 
before  any  police  or  district  Justice. 

COASTING  CHARaES. 

Coasting  lioeiue. 

To  25  tons $1  00  per  ton. 

Each  additional  ton 50  per  ton. 

License  blank 1  00  stamp. 

License  bond 1  OOatiuiip. 

Paaaenger  lioente. 

Less  than  80  tons 50  per  ton. 

From  80  to  100  toils 40  00 

Over  100  tons 50  00 

Inspector's  fee 9  00 

License  blank 1  OOstamp. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         559 

Marine-hospital  tax. 

For^achman ^ 25  per  month. 

Crew-list  each  quarter 1  00  stamp. 

Light  dues. 
Each  year 10  per  ton. 

UGHT  DUES. 

There  shall  be  levied  npon  all  vessels  arriving  from  abroad  at  any  port  of  this  king- 
dom where  a  light-house  may  be  established  the  sum  of  three  dollars,  which  shall  be 
paid  before  departure  to  the  collector-general  of  customs. 

All  vessels  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  shall  pay  10  cents  per  ton  as  light  money, 
in  consideration  of  which  they  shall  be  entitled  to  visit  all  ports  where  light-houses 
may  be  established,  for  the  term  of  one  year,  without  further  charge. 

DEPABTURE  OF  VESSELS. 

Any  vessel  having,  through  her  master  or  agent,  fnlly  complied  with  the  laws  and 
regulations  affecting  foreign  trade,  and  with  all  tbe  laws  regulating  the  shipment 
and  discharge  of  Hawaiian  seamen,  shall  be  entitled  to  depart  after  receiving  from 
the  collector  of  the  port  a  clearance  in  the  form  provided  by  law. 

In  case  any  vessel  does  not  sail  within  forty-eight  hours  after  receiving  a  clearance, 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  tbe  master  to  report  the  same  to  the  collector  of  the  port-,  under 
a  penalty  of  not  exceeding  twenty-five  dollars,  to  be  imposed  by  said  collector. 

No  vessel  shall  be  entitled  to  a  clearance  unless  all  proper  charges  at  the  harbor- 
master's office  shall  have  been  settled ;  and  tbe  collector  may  require  the  master  or 
agent  of  the  vessel  to  produce  the  harbor-master's  certificate  to  that  efiect. 

To  entitle  any  vessel  to  a  clearance,  it  shall  be  incumbent  on  her  commanding  offi- 
cer first  to  furnish  the  collector  of  the  port  with  a  manifest  of  the  cargo  laden  on 
board  of  such  vessel,  which  manifest  shall  be  given  under  oath ;  contain  a  full  state- 
ment of  all  the  goods  on  board,  expressing  contents,  quantities,  and  value,  and  dis- 
tinguishing between  domestic,  foreign,  and  transshipped  goods,  and  shall  also  con- 
tain a  list  of  all  stores  taken  from  bond. 

He  shall  also  furnish,  in  proper  form,  a  list  of  all  passengers  intending  to  depart  in 
said  vessel. 

When  goods  are  exported  from  bond  it  is  necessary  that  the  person  exporting  the 
same  shall  make  an  outward  entry  at  tbe  custom-house,  in  the  form  required  by  law ; 
which  said  entry  must  be  made  before  the  clearance  of  the  vessel  in  which  the  same 
are  to  be  exported. 

If  any  vessel  shall  sail  from  any  port  in  this  kingdom  without  first  obtaining  a 
clearance,  the  commanding  officer  thereof  shall  be  subject  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one 
thousand  dollars,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court ;  for  the  payment  of  which  fine  the 
vessel  shall  be  liable  to  seizure,  condemnation,  and  sale. 


Ports  of  Entry. 

Ko  goods  of  foreign  growth  or  production  shall  be  landed  or  unladen  from  a  foreign 
vessel,  or  Hawaiian  vessel  from  a  foreign  port,  at  any  other  port  of  the  Hawaiian 
Idands  than  a  port  of  entry  for  foreign  vessels,  as  created  by  law.  under  a  penalty  of 
seizure  and  forfeiture  of  the  vessel  in  which  such  goods  shall  be  Drought,  and  of  the 
goods  imported  therein,  and  so  landed  or  unladen.  And  in  passing  from  port  to  port 
no  foreign  vessel  shall  engage  in  the  coasting  trade  of  this  kingdom. 

The  following  are  the  legal  port*  of  entry : 

Honolulu,  island  of  Oanu;  Lahaina,  island  of  Maui;  Hilo,  island  of  Hawaii; 
Kawaihae,  island  of  Hawaii;  Kealakekua,  island  of  Hawaii;  Koloa,  island  of  Kauai; 
Eahului,  island  of  Maui. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  foreign  vessels  engaged  in  the  whale  fishery  shall  have 
access  to  the  following  port  for  the  purpose  of  recruiting  and  refreshment :  Hanalei, 
island  of  Kauai. 

It  shall  be  lawful  for  any  vessel  from  abroad,  with  the  written  permit  of  the  col- 
lector-general of  customs,  to  proceed  to  any  other  port  or  place  in  the  kingdom,  not 
a  port  of  entry,  for  the  purpose  of  debarking  cargo,  the  duties  upon  which  have  been 
paid,  or  of  embarking  cargo,  or  of  obtaining  refreshment. 

Collectors  of  customs  at  other  ports  in  the  Kingdom  than  Honolulu  may  grant  such 
permits  for  their  respective  collection  districts. 


560         TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

REGULATION  CONCERMIKO  STAMPS  AND  BLANKS  ON  INWABD  ENTRIES. 

On  and  After  March  11, 1864,  the  charges  for  stamps  and  blanks  on  inToices  valued 
at  ten  doUai^  and  under,  will  be  one  dollar;  on  inyoices  valued  over  ten  dollars  and 
not  exceeding  twenty  dollars,  one  dollar  and  a  half;  on  invoices  valued  over  twenty 
dollars,  the  usual  charge  of  two  dollars  and  a  halt 

W.  F.  ALLEN, 
CoUectar-Qeneral  of  CmHomm, 


REGULATION  CONCERNING  RETURN  GOODS,  EMPTT  BAGS,  CONTAINERS,  AC 

From  and  after  the  1st  of  June,  1867,  it  will  be  required  that  all  invoices  of  "return 

foods,  empty  bags,"  dc^c,  intended  to  be  entered  free,  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
[awaiian  consurs,  of  port  shipment,  certificate  that  they  are  the  same  goods  and  in 
original  packages  as  shipped  mm  this  port. 

W.  F.  ALLEN, 

Collector-General  of  CuetomB. 
Approved. 

STEPHEN  H.  PHILLIPS, 
MiuUter  of  Finanoe,  ad  interim. 


CusTOM-HousB  Charges. 

For  visit  of  health  officer  when  required $5  00 

When  necessarilv  detained  on  boaid per  day..  10  00 

For  bill  of  health  on  departure 1  00 

Pilot's  and  boarding  officer's  fees.    (See  Pilotage.) 

Buoys 2  00 

Lights,  vessels  from  abroad 3  00 

Lights,  coasters,  each  year per  ton..  10 

Inward  or  outward  ma^iifests 2  00 

Mail  oath 1  00 

Inward  entry,  goods  paying  duties 2  50 

Inward  entry,  goods  bonded 4  50 

Outward  entry,  goods  bonded 1  50 

Transit  entry 2  50 

Bond  to  secure  payment  of  duties 2  00 

Passports 1  00 

Every  stamped  certificate  or  blank  furnished  by  the  collector 100 

Recording  bill  of  sale,  mortgage,  or  hypothecation  of  a  vessel,*  or  copying  the 

same,  or  certificate  of  registrp^,  per  one  hundred  words 50 

The  custom-house  charges  for  all  other  acts  and  duties  not  expressly  provided  for 
by  law,  as  also  the  rates  of  storage,  shall  be  such  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  pre- 
scribed by  the  minister  of  finance. 


Port  Regulations. 

pilotage. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  any  vessel  making  the  usual  marine  signal  for  a  pilot,  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  pilot  at  the  port  to  immediately  put  off  to  such  vessel,  taking  wiUi 
him  a  white  and  a  yellow  flag;  to  inquire  into  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  ship  and 
the  health  of  those  on  board :  and  upon  being  assured  to  his  satisfaction  that  there  is 
no  danger  to  be  apprehended  from  any  contagious  disease,  he  shall  board  such  vessel, 
but  not  otherwise. 

Upon  boarding  the  vessel  the  pilot  shall  present  the  commanding  officer  with  a 
health  certificate  to  be  signed  by  him,  and  in  case  the  same  shall  b  <  signed,  the  white 
flag  shall  be  immediately  hoisted  at  the  main,  and  the  pilot  shall  be  at  liberty  to 
bring  the  vessel  into  port;  but  in  c^se  the  commanding  officer  shall  decline  to  sign 
the  certificate  of  health  the  pilot  ^hall  deliver  him  a  yellow  flag,  which  the  master 
shall  hoist  at  the  main,  and  the  vessel  shall  be  placed  in  quarantine,  outside  of  the 
harbor,  and  anchored  where  the  pilot  may  direct. 

Any  pilot  who  shall  conduct  a  vessel  into  any  port  in  this  kingdom,  in  violation  of 
the  provisions  of  this  law,  or  any  of  the  regulations  of  the  board  of  he^th,  or  know- 


TARIFfS   OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES.  561 

ing  that  there  is  just  gronud  to  suspect  the  existence  of  contagion  on  hoard,  shall  he 
liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars. 

Every  vessel,  the  master  of  which  shall  have  declined  to  sign  a  certificate  of  health 
as  above  prescribed,  shall,  upon  entering  port,  he  liable  to  seizure,  confiscation,  and 
sale. 

If  the  pilot,  after  boarding  any  vessel,  shall  discover  any  existence  of  a  contagions 
disease,  he  shall  not  return  on  shore,  neither  shall  it  be  lawful  for  any  of  the  snip's 
company  or  passengers  to  land  or  communicate  with  the  shore,  or  board  anv  other 
vessel,  without  permission  of  the  board  of  health,  or  the  collector,  under  penalty  of  a 
fine  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars. 

The  pilots  of  Honolulu  shall  bring  the  vessel  which  they  may  take  charge  of,  fully 
within  the  harbor  (within  the  inner  buoy,  unless  otherwise  directed  by  the  harbor 
master)  and  anchor  her  in  a  suitable  and  convenient  place,  under  penalty  of  forfeit- 
ing their  commission. 

No  pilot  shall  take  out  any  vessel  that  may  be  under  attachment  or  arrest  by  virtue 
of  any  process,  nor  before  she  has  obtained  her  clearance,  under  penalty  of  forfeiting 
his  commission  and  paying  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars. 

If  any  foreign  vessel,  or  Hawaiian  vessel  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  shall  enter  or  de- 
part from  any  of  the  ports  for  which  pilots  may  be  appointed,  without  a  pilot,  such 
vess^  shall  be  liable  to  one-half  pilotage. 

All  vessels  anchoring  outside  the  reef  at  Honolulu  shall,  when  so  requested  by  the 
harbor  master  or  any  pilot,  change  their  anchorage  and  anchor  in  such  place  as  he 
may  direct,  under  penalty  of  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars. 

At  ports  where  there  are  no  pilots,  the  regularly  appointed  boarding  officers  shall 
do  and  perform  all  the  duties  prescribed  for  pilots. 

The  pilot's  fees,  boarding  officer's  fees,  and  health  fees  shall  form  a  part  of  the  port 
charges,  which  snail  be  paid  by  every  vessel  to  the  collector  of  the  port  before  a 
clearance  is  granted. 

Pilot's  fees,  from  May  30, 1874. 

Health  fee $5  00 

On  all  war  vessels,  mail  steamers,  and  vessels  under  200  tons per  foot . .  1  50 

On  all  other  vessels  over  200  tons per  ton..  05 

But  no  vessel  to  be  charged  more  than  $50,  in  or  out. 

For  anchoring  a  vessel  outride 15  00 

In  case  said  vessel  comes  into  the  harbor 10  00 

Towage  rates,  from  June  19,  1874. 

Ships  and  barks  under  500  tons $40  00 

Ships  and  barks  over  500  tone 45  00 

Ships  and  barks  over  1,000  tons 50  00 

Whalemen 40  00 

Brigs  and  schooners  over  200  tons 35  00 

Brigs  and  schooners  under  200  tons 30  00 

Harbor  Regulations. 

The  harbor  masters  of  Honolulu  and  Hilo  shall  have  authority  over  the  anchoring, 
mooring,  and  making  fast  of  all  hulks,  coasters,  boats,  and  other  craft  in  their  respect- 
ive harbors,  and  are  charged  in  general  with  the  enforcement  of  all  harbor  regulations 

They  shall  also  be  wharfingers  at  the  ports  for  which  they  are  appointed. 

They  shall  be  entitled  to  receive,  in  addition  to  their  usual  fees,  all  amounts  dis- 
bursed by  them  for  the  use  of  boats,  warps,  and  labor  in  mooring  and  making  fast  any 
vessel,  and  if  necessarily  detained  on  board  more  than  two  hours  at  any  one  time,  they 
shall  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  one  dollar  per  hour  for  such  extra  detention. 

All  vessels  that 
the  harbor  master, 

no  vessel,  excepting  coasting  vessels  nnder  fifl^ 
the  harbor,  shall  quit  her  anchorage  or  moorings  until  the  commanding  officer  shall 
have  received  the  written  permission  of  the  han)or  master,  under  a  penalty  of  a  fine 
not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars. 

The  harbor  master  or  any  pilot,  while  removing  a  vessel  from  one  anchorage  or 
mooring  to  another,  may  make  fast  to  any  other  vessel,  or  to  any  warp  or  wharf;  and 
any  person  resisting  the  same,  cutting  awav  or  casting  off  the  warp  or  fastening,  shall 
be  subject  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars;  and  if  such  person  belong  to 
any  vessel,  the  master  of  such  vessel  shall  be  responsible  for  any  damage  resulting 
from  such  resistance,  cutting  away  or  casting  off,  as  well  as  for  the  fine  imposed  upon 
the  offender. 

1784  CONG— A  P 36 


562         TABIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 

In  order  to  facilitate  the  removing  aod  placing  of  vessels  in  their  proper  berths^  aD 
vessels  in  the  harbor  shall,  when  requested  by  the  harbor  master  or  any  pilot,  slack 
down  their  steam  cables  and  other  fastening,  and  also  their  bo^er  chains,  under  pen- 
alty of  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars. 

All  vessels  entering  port  Rhall,  if  so  requested  by  the  harbor  master  or  any  pilot, 
rig  in  her  iib,  flying  jib  and  spanker  booms  and  spritsail  yards,  and  top  their  lower 
and  topsail  yards,  within  twenty-four  hours  after  anchoring  in  such  port,  and  in  all 
cases  before  attempting  to  come  alongside  of  or  make  fast  to  eithor  of  the  docks  or 
wharves,  and  keep  them  so  rigged  in  and  topped  until  within  twenty-four  hours  be- 
fore leaving  the  harbor,  and  until  after  removing  from  any  wharf  or  dock,  ander  pen- 
alty of  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars. 

No  combustible  materials  such  as  pitch,  tar,  rosin,  or  oil,  shall  be  heated  on  board 
any  vessel  within  the  harbor  of  Honolulu ;  but  all  such  combustible  articles  shall  be 
heated  either  on  shore,  or  in  a  boat,  or  on  a  raft,  at  a  reasonable  distance  from  the  ve»- 
ael,  of  which  distance  the  harbor  master  shall  be  the  judge.  Every  nerson  violating 
the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars. 

No  stones  or  other  rubbish  shall  be  thrown  from  any  vessel  into  the  harbor  of  Hon- 
olulu or  Hilo,  under  penalty  of  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars ;  and  the 
master  of  the  vessel  from  which  the  same  are  thrown  shall  be  subject  to  a  like  fine. 

Any  person  who  shall  leave  or  cause  to  be  left,  for  the  space  of  six  hours,  upbn  the 
shores  or  reefs  of  any  harbor  in  this  kingdom,  any  dead  animal,  shall  be  sabject  to  a 
finu  not  exceeding  ond  hundred  dollars,  and  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  removed  with- 
out delay. 

Every  vessel  taking  on  board  or  discharging  any  ballast  or  coals  within  the  harbor 
of  Honolulu  shall  have  a  tarpaulin  properly  stretched  and  spread  so  as  to  prevent  any 
from  falling  into  the  water,  under  penalty  of  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars. 

No  vessel  having  gunpowder  on  board  will  be  permitted  to  remain  at  the  wharf  more 
than  twelve  hours,  and  if  the  vessel  shall  be  at  the  wharf  over  night  a  policeman  or 
watchman  shall  be  kept  on  duty  on  board  all  night.  All  gunpowder  deposited  on  the 
wharf  for  shipment  shall  be  immediately  passed  on  board  the  vessel  to  receive  the  same. 

HARBOR  master's  CHAR^GES. 

Wharfage, 

Per  registered  ton  (Sundays  and  Qovemment  holidays  not  counted) . .  2  cents  per  day. 

Storage, 

Bricks,  coal,  coolers,  kettles,  stone  ballast,  sand  (space  of  32  square 

feet  measurement) 1  cent  per  day. 

Oil,  on  wharves,  for  every  10  barrels 1  cent  per  day. 

Lumber,  firewood  (space  of  32  square  feet  measurement) 1  cent  per  day. 

Anchors,  chains,  pig  ballast,  and  old  iron,  per  ton  of  2,000  pounds. ..    \  cent  per  day. 

Harbor  maeiet^BfeeB, 

Boarding  vessel  on  arrival |3  00 

Boarding  vessel  on  departure 3  00 

Moving  vessel,  each  time 3  00 

Shipping  and  discharging  native  seamen. 

Shipping,  each  man |0  50 

Discnarging,  each  man 50 

Qovemment  tax,  each  man 6  00 

Shipping!  articles stamp..  1  00 

Application  to  governor do 1  00 

Master's  bond do 1  00 

(All  the  above  charges  must  be  paid  by  the  ship.) 

Discharging  foreign  seamen. 

Seaman's  permit,  each  man $0  50 

Seaman's  bond,  each  man 1  00 

Permit  for  deserter  to  ship 50 

BOAT  REGULATIONS,  PORT  OF  HONOLULU. 

The  owner  of  any  boat  duly  licensed  for  the  harbor  of  Honolulu  shall  be  entitled^ 
if  hired  on  time,  to  charge  one  dollar  for  each  passenger  for  the  first  hour,  and  ihj 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         563 

cents  for  each  snoceediDg  hour,  if  the  boat  have  four  or  more  oars,  and  only  half  these 
fares  if  the  boat  have  less  than  fonr  oars. 

If  hired  by  distance,  twenty- five  cents  for  each  passenger  to  and  from  any  ship  or 
point  within  the  inner  buoy ;  fifty  cents  to  and  £rom  any  point  between  the  inner  and 
cater  buoys;  and  two  dollars  to  and  from  any  ship  or  point  in  the  aDcboraee  outside 
of  the  buoys,  if  the  boat  have  four  oars,  and  only  half  of  said  fares  if  the  boat  have 
less  than  fonr  oars;  provided,  always,  that  if  the  boat  shall  be  detained  by  any  pas- 
sen^r  alongside  of  any  ship,  or  at  any  point,  over  fifteen  minntes,  the  owner  shall  be 
entitled  to  charge  fifty  cents  additional  for  every  half  hour  of  such  detention. 

Any  person  plying  a  licensed  boat  who  shall  refuse  to  take  a  passenger  at  the  rates 
prescribed  in  the  preceding  sections,  or  who  shall  charge  any  person  more  than  the 
said  rates,  shall  be  fined  five  dollars.    « 

Every  person  hiring  any  snch  boat  shall  be  entitled  to  carry  with  him,  free  of 
charge,  one  hundred  nonnds  of  luggage  or  goods,  and  no  more ;  and  for  all  extra  lag* 
gage  or  goods  he  shall  pay  according  to  agreement  with  the  person  plying  the  boat. 

LIGHT-HOUSES. 

HONOLULU. 

A  light-hoase  has  been  erected  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  Western  Reef,  bounding 
the  entrance  of  the  channel  into  Honolulu  Harbor.  The  li^ht  is  a  Fresnel  of  the 
fourth  order,  at  an  elevation  of  26  feet  above  the  sea  level,  and  can  be  seen  from  the 
deck  of  an  ordinary-sized  vessel  at  a  distance  of  9  nantical  miles,  in  a  radins  from 
8.  E.  by  E.  to  W.  from  the  light-hoase. 

From  the  light-house  the  spar  or  fairway  buoy  bean»  (magnetic)  8.  IP  W.,  6^ 
cables;  the  eastern  end  of  the  new  wharf,  N.  35°  E.,Ii  cai>les;  Diamond  Point,  S. 
56°  E.;  Barber's  Point,  S.  88°  W.,  and  the  eastern  corner  of  the  custom-house,  N. 
15°  E.,  near  to  which  comer  another  light- tower  has  been  erected,  at  an  elevation  of 
28  feet  above  the  sea  level,  and  can  be  seen  about  5  miles  out  at  sea.  The  light  in. 
this  tower  is  green. 

To  enter  the  harbor  by  night,  bring  these  two  lights  in  one,  bearing  N.  15°  E.  (mag- 
netic), and  keep  them  in  one  till  within  a  cable's  length  of  the  light-house  on  the 
reef,  when  by  hauling  a  point  to  the  eastward  yon  will  avoid  the  end  of  the  spit  on 
which  the  light-house  is  ouilt.  extending  off  from  it  about  25  feet  to  the  eastward. 
Steer  for  the  east  end  of  the  n%w  wharf,  and  when  half  way  between  the  light  on  the 
reef  and  the  new  wharf,  keep  away  N.W.  and  along  the  esplanade  to  an  anchorage 
inside.    All  bearings  magnetic. 

HILO,   HAWAII. 

A  light-house  has  been  erected  at  Paukaa  Point,  entrance  to  Hilo  Harbor,  Hawaii.. 
The  light  is  at  an  elevation  of  fifty  feet  above  the  sea  level,  a  plain  fixed  light,  and 
can  be  seen  easily  ten  miles  out  at  sea.  From  the  light-house  tne  outer  point  of  thO' 
reef  bears  S.  58°  E. ;  inner  point  of  the  reef,  S.  39°  £. ;  Governess'  flagstaff  (about  the 
center  of  the  harbor),  S.  22°  E. ;  Leleiwi  Point,  S.  79°  £. ;  and  Makahanaloa  Point,  N. 
2°  W.    Bearings  magnetic. 

KAWAIHAE,  HAWAII. 

For  the  anchorage  at  Kawaihae  a  white  light,  about  fifty  feet  above  the  sea  level, 
has  been  erected  at  a  point  bearing  from  the  northeast  corner  of  the  reef  N.  £.  by  N. 
i  N.  The  light  can  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  ten  mils  out  at  sea.  With  this  light  bear- 
ing E.  N.  E.  there  is  good  anchorage  in  eight  fathoms  of  water  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mue  from  the  shore.    All  bearings  magnetic. 

LAHAINA,   MAUI. 

A  light-house  has  been  erected  at  the  landing,  port  of  Lahaina.  The  window  on  the 
sea  side  of  the  light-room  is  of  20x24-inch  glass,  with  red^lass  at  the  northwest  and 
southeast  end.  The  colored  glass  stands  at  equal  angles,  side  and  front,  and  a  vessel 
in  ten  fathoms  of  water  will  nave  two  bright  lights  for  aboat  half  a  mile  each  way 
from  direetlv  in  front  of  the  light-hoase.  At  a  greater  distance  it  will  show  a  colored 
light  until  tne  lights  almost  appear  like  one,  or  f  he  red  light  like  a  reflection  from  the 
other  light.  The  light  towards  Molokai  is  the  brightest,  so  that  the  lights  now  have 
the  appearance  of  a  large  and  small  light  close  together.  The  lights  stand  about  26 
feet  above  the  water,  and  can  be  seen  across  the  Lanai  Channel. 

Tariff  Act,  187a 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  import  dnties  npon  certain  goods,"  approved 

the  27th  day  of  September,  A.  D.  1870. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  King  and  the  LegieJative  Aaeembly  of  the  HawaHan  I$Jand$ 
in  the  Lefielature  of  the  Kingdom  aasemhUdy  That  section  1  of  an  act  to  increase  the  im- 
port dnties  on  certain  goods,  approved  the  27th  day  of  September,  A.  D.  V^^y  V^^  ^w<\ 


564  TARIFFS    OF   THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES. 

the  same  is  hereby,  amended  to  read  aa  follows:  Section  1.  There  shall  be  levied,  col- 
lected, and  paid  upon  the  following  goods  imported  into  this  kingdom  duties,  ad  valo- 
rem, as  follows,  to  wit : 
Silks,  satins,  and  silk  velvet,  and  all  articles  of  which  silk  shall  form  the  principal 

material,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Clothing,  ready -made,  and  wearing  apparel  of  every  description,  made  up  in  whole  or 

in  part,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Carnages  of  all  descriptions,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Hats  and  caps  of  all  kinds,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Linens,  and  all  manufactures  of  which  flax,  grass-cloth,  or  a  similar  material  shall 

form  the  principal  part,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Crockery  and  glassware  of  every  description,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Drugs  and  medicines,  patent  and  other,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Furniture  of  all  kinds,  if  upholstered  or  carved,  manufactured  in  whole  or  in  part, 

ten  per  cent. ; 
Millinery  goodH,  beads,  braids,  bonnet«,  buttons,  corsets,  collars,  sleeves  and  co£^ 

edgings,  flowers  (artificial),  feathers  (fancy),  fringes  for  clothing  and  for  upholstery, 

ten  per  cent. ; 
Gloves  and  mitts,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Gimps  for  clothing,  ten  per  cent. ;  • 

Hoop-skirts,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Hooks  and  eyes,  ten  per  cent. ; 

Insertions,  Inces,  and  lace  goods  of  all  descriptions,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Ribbons  not  otherwise  provideci  for,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Silver  plate,  plated  ware  or  gilt  ware,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Britannia  ware  and  fancy  metal  ware,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Tea,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Matches  of  all  kinds,  ten  per  cent. ; 

Cigarettes  and  all  descriptions  of  paper  cigars,  twenty-five  per  cent. ; 
Jewelry  and  all  descriptions  of  metal,  glass,  or  stone  beads,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Paintings,  pictures,  engravings,  statuary,  bronzes,  ornamental  work  of  metal,  stone, 

marble,  plaster  of  Paris  or  alabaster,  and  all  imitations  thereof,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Perfumery  (other  than  that  which  pays  a  spirit  duty),  powders,  hair,  tooth,  nail  and 

other  toilet  brushes,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Soaps,  ten  per  cent. ;  « 

Pipes  (smoking),  pipe-stems,  bowls  and  fixtures,  cigar-holders,  twenty-five  percent; 
Candles,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Candies,  twenty-five  per  cent. ; 
Peanut  oil,  twenty- five  per  cent. ; . 
Toys,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Fire-arms,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Ammunition,  ten  per  cent. ; 

Fire-works  and  fire-crackers,  twenty-five  per  cent. ; 
Watches  and  clocks,  in  whole  or  in  part,  ten  per  cent. ; 
Playing-cards,  ten  per  cent: 

Sec.  2.  That  section  2  of  the  said  act  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  to  read 
as  follows:  Sec.  2.  There  shall  be  levied^  collected,  and  paid  upon  the  following  goods 
imported  into  this  kingdom  specific  duties  as  follows,  to  wit: 
On  kid  and  all  other  leather  and  skin  gloves,  three  dollars  per  dozen  pairs ; 
On  cigars  and  cheroots,  ten  dollars  per  thousand ; 
On  China  tobacco,  fifty  cents  per  pound  ; 
On  camphor  trunks,  in  nests  of  four,  two  dollars  per  nest ;  and  in  nests  of  two,  one 

dollar  per  nest ; 
On  China  matting,  one  dollar  per  roll ; 
On  port,  sherry,  Madeira,  and  other  wines  of  like  nature  above  eighteen  per  oent.  of 

alcoholic  strength ;  also  on  all  cordials,  bitters,  and  other  iEirticJes  of  any  name  or 

description  containing  alcohol,  or  preserved  in  alcohol  or  spirits  above  that  rate  of 

strength  and  below  thirty  per  cent.,  unless  otherwise  provided  for,  two  dollars  per 

gallon ; 
On  champagne,  sparkling  Moselle,  and  sparkling  hock,  three  dollars  per  dozen  repute 

quarts,  and  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  dozen  reputed  pints ; 
On  claret.  Rhine  wine,  and  other  light  wines  under  eighteen  per  cent,  of  alcoholic 

strengtn,  not  otherwise  provided  Tor,  forty  cents  per  dozen  reputed  quarts,  twenty 

cent«  per  dozen  for  reputed  pints,  and  fifteen  cents  per  gallon  if  in  btuk ; 
On  ale,  porter,  cider,  and  all  fermented  drinks  not  otherwise  provided  for,  forty  cents 

per  dozen  reputed  quarts,  twenty  cents  per  dozen  reputed  pints,  and  fifteen  centa 

per  gallon  if^in  bulk. 

Sec.  3.  The  provisions  of  this  act  shall  extend  and  apply  to  all  goods  in  bond  at  the 
time  it  shall  come  into  operation. 

Approved  this  1st  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1878. 

KALAKAUA  R. 


TRRIFFS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


565 


AUSTBAIiASIA. 


VICTORIA. 

TABIFF  OF  VICTORIA,  AU8TBALIA. 

[TxBDBmltted  to  the  Department  of  State  by  the  conflol-general  of  the  United  States  at  Melboome.] 

OiPOBTED  BY  LAKD  OB  SBA. 


Artidea. 


Ahnonda,  shelled 

Arrapnoot 

Confectionery,  comfits,  snccades,  sweetmeats 

Fruits  and  vegetables,  dried  or  preserved 

Froits,  boiled 

Honey 

Jams ....... 

JeUies 

Ifacwoni — 

Maize  flonr  or  com  floor 

Haizena.  — 

Heats  and  fish,  preserved,  not  salted  or  dried  or  preserved  In  brine — 

Meats,  potted 

Spices,  groond 

Sugar  candy 

Yermicelli 

Almonds 

Bacon 

Biscuits 

Blue 

Butter 

Candles 

Cheese 

Curled  hair 

Glue 

Hams 

Mustard 

Nuts  (except  cocoannts)* 

Starob 

Stearine 

Soap: 

Terfdmedand  toilet «.. — 

Other 

Aoetioacid 

Acid: 

Salphnrio 

Muriatic * 

Nitric 

Ale,  porter,  spruce  and  other  beer,  cider  and  perry: 

For  six  reputed  qaart  bottles,  or  for  twelve  reputed  pint  bottles  . . . 

In  wood  or  in  bottles  containing  an  Imperial  quart  or  pint,  resi>ect- 
ively. 
Axles: 

Common  dray,  with  linchpins 

Common  nut  and  others  not  enumerated,  up  to  1|  inch  diameter,  in- 
clusive. 
Above  14  inch  diameter,  inclusive 

Mail,  patent,  up  to  1|  inch  dismieter,  indosive 

Above  li  inch 

Other  patent  axles,  with  brass  caps 

Bags  and  sacks: 

Com  md  flour 

All  other  (except  gunnies  and  sugar  mats) 

Boots  and  shoes— Present  English  sues  to  be  the  standard  (except  ohil* 
drens,  Nos.  0  to  3),  viz : 

Men's,  No.  0  and  upwards 

Youths'.  Nos.  2  to  5 

Boys'.  Nos.7tol 

Women's,  No.  Sand  upwards 

Girls',  Nos.  11  to  2 

Girls',  Nos.  7  to  10 

Children's,  Nos.  4  to  0,  and  slippers  .  

Women's  "lasUng"and  ^'staJT"  boots 

Goloshes  of  all  kinds 

Slippers,  men's,  women's,  and  children's,  flrom  No.  7  and  upwards., 

Bottles  containing  pickles , 

Bricks,  flre 

Cards,  playing 

Carriaffes  (including  second-hand)  and  carts  (see  exemption  list) : 

All  carts  and  wagons  without  springs,  and  spring  carts  and  spring 
drays  with  two  wheels. 


Bate  of  duty. 


2d.  per  pint  or  pound,  or 
reputea  package  of  that 
quantity  or  weight,  and 
so  in  proportion  for  any 
such  reputed  quantity  or 
weight. 


2d. 

pet  pound. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

4d. 

per  pound. 

2d. 

per  pound. 

3d, 

per  plot  or  pound. 

5$. 

percwt. 

Do. 

Do. 

9d. 

9d. 

per  gallon. 

25  per  cent  ad  valoreoL 
8#.  per  arm. 

it.  6d.  per  arm. 
4«.  6d.  per  arm. 
7«.  per  arm. 
lOf .  per  arm. 

It.  per  dosen. 
Od.  per  dozen. 


83«.  per  dozen  pairs. 
2i«.  per  dozen  pairs. 
lit.  6d.  per  dozen  pairs. 
I9t.  6d.  per  dozen  pairs. 
I6t.  per  dozen  pairs, 
lit.  6d  per  dozen  pairs. 
fit.  per  dozen  pairs. 
Idt.  per  dozen  pairs. 
it.  per  dozen  pairs. 
9t.  per  dozen  pairs. 
3d.  per  dozen. 
20«.  per  1,000. 
3«.  per  dozen  packs. 

20  per  oent^  ad  valorem. 


1 


566 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


JmparUd  by  land  or  $€a — Continaed. 


Articles. 


CaniMres,  Sui. — Continned. 

TilDnryB,  dog  carts,  gigs.  Boston  chaises,  and  other  two-wheeled 
Tehibles^n  springn  or  tnorongb  braces. 

Express  wagons  and  wagons  for  earning  goods,  and  single  or  doable 
seated  wagons,  and  four-wheeled  baggies  without  tops,  mounted 
on  springs  or  tnoroagh  braces. 

Hansom  s^ety  cabs,  smgle  and  doable  seated  wagons,  wagonettes, 
and  foar-wheeled  bogies,  with  tops. 

Omnibases  and  coaches  for  carrying  mails  or  passengers 

Barouches,  Broaghams,  mail  phaetons,  drags,  and  other  carriages 
not  otherwise  enomerated. 
XOTB.— Any  separate  parts  of  carriages  not  specially  enomerated  as 
datiable  or  tree  are  chargeable  with  soon  duty  as  the  conmiissioner  may 
determine  onder  section  7  of  DutUt  of  OtuUnnt^  Act  1879. 
Chinaware  and  porcelain  (exespt  photographic  and  telegraphic  materials) 

€igars 

Coroe,  chicory,  chocolate,  cocoa , 

Cordage,  vis: 

Cmrrope 

Hempen  and  other  cordage  (except  of  galranised  and  other  iron  and 
steel  cordage),  Indnding  all  housing  and  seising  lines  and  span- 
yam. 

white  Unes  and  other  descriptions  of  cordage  not  otherwise  specified 
(except  coir  yam). 

Corks,  cat „ 

Doors,  wooden 

Drugs: 

Acid,  carbolic 

Acid,  carbolic,  pare 

Acid,  oxalic 

Acid,  picric 

Aloes 

Ammonia,  carbonate  of 

Ammonia!  liquid 

Cannabis  IndiCA 

Chlorodyne 

Cocculas  Indicas 

Fabaamara 

€tolatine 

Glycerine,  pure 

Glycerine,  crude 

Grains  of  Paradise  or  Guinea  grains 

Morphia 

Nitrate  of  silrer 

Nux  vomica , 

Potassium,  iodide  of 

Potassium,  bromide  of 

Quassia 

Strychnine -• 

Dynamite 

Earthenware  (except  photographic  and  tolezrajphio  materials) , 

Felt  hoods,  pullover  hoods,  and  any  article  of  felt  prepared  for  the  manu- 
facture of  hate. 

Fmit,  green* 

Fase 

Glass  or  stone  bottles  contaiq^  a  reputed  qaart  or  any  less  quantity  of 
spirite  (not  perfumed),  wine,  ale,  porter,  or  other  beer,  and  bottles  con> 
taining  aerated  or  mineral  waters. 

Bottles  containing  pickles *. 

Glassware,  except  locket,  brooch,  and  watch-glasses,  and  optical,  surgi- 
cal, and  scientific  instrumente,  and  photographic  and  telegraphic  ma- 
terials: 

Glass  bottles  for  aerated  waters  and  medicines 

Chimneys,  hhades.  snd  globes,  and  all  other  glassware  not  being  cut, 

engraved,  etched,  or  ground. 
Glass  shades  and  globes,  and  other  glassware,  cat,  engraved,  etched, 
or  ground. 

Grain  and  pulse  of  every  kind  not  otherwise  enumerated 

Barley 

Maize 

Grain  and  pulse  of  every  kind  not  otherwise  enomerated,  when  pre- 
pared, ground,  or  in  any  way  manufactured. 
G^un-cotton  or  other  material  used  for  exploding  purposes  not  other- 
wise specified. 
Hate  (except  those  warehoused  without  payment  of  duty  on  the  first 
entry  thereof  before  4th  September,  1879,  which  hats  shall  be  still 
liable  to  the  duties  then  chargeable),  as  under,  that  is  to  say : 
Hate  (except  straw,  chip,  willow,  tape,  and  braid,  antrimmed),  not 
otherwise  enumerated  (on  and  after  4th  September,  1879). 


Rate  of  doty. 


£10  each. 
£15  each. 

£20  each. 

£40  each. 
£50  each. 


2$,  Od.  per  cobic  foot 
5*.  per  poond. 
8d.  per  pound. 

ficpercwt 

lU  8<ipercwt 


28t.percwt. 

2d.  per  poond. 
5«.eacn. 

Od.  per  gallon. 
6d.  per  pound. 
2d.  per  pound. 
3d.  per  pound. 
12«.percwt 
2d.  per  pound. 

Do. 
Id.  per  pound. 
1«.  Id.  per  pound. 
]«.6d.percwt. 

Do. 
6d.  per  pound. 
3d.  per  pound. 
Id.  per  pound. 
2m.  per  cwt. 
]«.  (id.  per  ounce. 
Od.  per  ounce. 
1«.  Od.  per  cwt. 
lOd.  per  pound. 
3d.  per  pound. 
40«.  per  ton. 
1«.  per  ounce. 
4d.  per  pound. 
1«.  4d.  per  cubic  foot 
b»,  per  dozen. 

9d.  per  bushel. 

lid.  per  coil  of  24  feet  or  less, 

and  in  proportion  for  so; 

greater  quantity. 
Od.  per  dozen. 


3d.  per  dozen. 


Od.  per  cubic  foot 
U.  per  cubic  foot 

2«.  Od.  i>er  cubic  foot. 

1«.  per  100  pounds. 
2t.  per  100  pounds. 
Od.  per  100  poonds. 
2m,  per  100  poands. 

5d.  per  pound. 


25  per  cent  ad  valorem. 


TABIFFS   OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUNTBIES. 


567 


Imported  by  land  or  $ea — Continned. 


ArtidM. 


Sftts.  &o.— Conttnaed. 

Boys',  youths',  and  men's  bats,  with  a  calloo  or  other  foundation  or 
iraue,  and  covered  with  felt,  plush,  silk,  merino,  velvet,  or  other 
material  (anless  otherwise  speciflea,  on  and  after  4th  September, 
1870). 

Hats  known  as  dress  hats  (on  uid  after  4th  September,  1879) 

Boys*  and  youths'  felt  hats  in  sixes  up  to  and  including  6}  (on  and 

after  4th  September,  1870). 
Men's  felt  hate  and  women's  untrimmed  felt  hats  of  any  siae,  and 
pith  hats  (on  and  after  4th  September,  1870). 

Hops 

Ink,  printbig,  colored 

Jewelry  (except  cameos  and  precious  stones  unset),  via: 

Rbigs  of  gold,  finished  or  unfinished,  but  without  oameoa  or  precious 

stones  set  tnorein. 
All  other  Jewelry  of  gold,  unfinished,  mounted,  or  in  parts,  but  with- 
out  cameos  or  precious  stones  set  therein,  not  otherwise  specified. 
Chains  of  sold,  unfinished  (except  machine-made  chains  for  fringes)  — 
AU  other  Jewelry,  whether  manufactured  wholly  or  in  ptft,  not 
otherwise  enumerated. 
Jute  piece  goods : 

^ot  exceeding  8  feet  in  width 

Exceeding  3  feet  in  width 

Lead: 

Sheet  and  piping 

Lithofracteur 

Live  stock : 

Cows,  oxen,  heifers,  bulls,  steers,  calves  over  six  months  old  (ex- 
cept working  bullocks  in  teams). 
Horses,  mares,  geldings,  colts  and  tillies  not  in  saddle  or  harness. . . 

Sheep,  whether  rams,  ewes,  wethers,  or  lambs 

Pigs 

Halt 

Hatches  and  vestas : 
Wooden  matches— 
For  every  gross  of  boxes  containing  in  each  box  100  matches  or 

under. 
For  every  gross  of  boxes  containing  in  each  box  over  100  and  not 

excee<llng  200  matches. 
And  so  on  per  gross  of  boxes  for  each  additional  100  matches  or 
part  thereof. 
Wax  vestas — 
For  every  gross  of  metal  boxes,  not  otherwise  specified,  contain- 
ing in  each  box  100  vestas  or  under. 
For  every  gross  of  metal  boxes,  not  otherwise  specified,  contain- 
ing in  each  box  over  100  and  not  exceeding  200  vestas. 
Ana  so  on  per  gross  of  metaX  boxes  for  each  additional  100  vestas 

or  part  toereof. 
For  every  gross  of  paper,  small  round  tin,  or  other  boxes  contain- 
ing in  each  box  lUO  vestas  or  under. 
For  evei7  gross  of  paper,  small  round  tin,  or  other  boxes  contain- 
ing in  each  box  over  100  and  not  exceeding  200  vestas. 
Ana  so  on  per  gross  of  boxes  for  each  additional  100  veatas  or  part 
thereof. 
Kails: 

Iron  (except  for  trunks  and  grindery) 

Horseshoe 

Oatmeal 

Oils: 

Hineral,  refined,  of  which  the  point  of  ignition  is  above  80^  Fahr., 

Colza  and  olive,  in  balk. 
Ldcluding  castor  or  cod  liver  when  refined  or  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses, in  bottles  of  a  quart  or  less  than  a  quart. 

Onions   ...     : 

Opium,  including  all  ffoods,  wares,  and  merchandise  mixed  or  saturated 
with  opium,  or  with  any  preparation  or  solntion  thereof,  or  steeped 
therein,  respectively. 

Paddy -. 

Paints: 

Ground  in  oil '. 

Hixed  ready  for  use 

Paper: 

^ote,  letter,  writing,  fancy,  and  blotting,  with  cut  edges 

Uncut— blotting,  surface,  drawing,  and  other  papers  (except  print- 
ing and  writing,  in  original  wrappers  and  uncut  edges,  as  it  leaves 
the  mill,  paper  hangings,  cardboard  and  millUwrd) . 

Bags 

Pearl  and  Scotch  barley 

Pickles 


Rate  of  duty. 


80».  per  dozen. 


48».  per  dosen. 
8#.  per  dozen. 

I5i.  pet  dosen. 

6d.  per  pound. 
Do. 

4«.  per  dwt.  troy. 

Zt,  per  dwt.  troy. 

1«.  per  dwt  troy. 

20  per  cent  ad  valorem. 


^ 


per  yard, 
per  yard. 


2t.  ed.  per  cwt 
id.  per  pound. 

5f.  each. 

Da 
M.  each. 
2i.  each. 
8«.  per  busheL 


Od. 
U. 
ed.  additional 

U.  3d. 

2«.  6d. 

If.  8d.  addltionaL 

1«. 

2t. 

U.  additional. 


Zt.  per  cwt. 

12s.  per  cwt. 

3t.  per  100  pounds. 

Od.  per  gallon. 

(^arts,  2t.  per  dozen ;  pints, 
1«.  per  dozen;  half-pints, 
and  smaller  lizes,  6a.  p«r 
dozen. 

20«.  per  ton. 

20«.  per  pound. 

• 

2t.  per  100  pounds. 

40«.  per  ton. 
80«.  per  ton. 

2d.  per  pound. 
it.  per  cwt. 


10«.  per  cwt. 

St.  per  100  pounds. 

(Quarts,  2t.  Od.  per  doien; 

eints,  1«.  Od.  per  dosen ) 
alfpints    and    smaller 
sizes,  1«.  per  dozen. 


568 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Imported  by  land  or  sea — Continaed. 


ArttdM. 


PipM: 

CMt>iroii— flanged,  ipigot»  and  ikacet»  Imees  and  elbows 

Smoking,  wooden 

Cl*y,  meenohanm 

Plate  of  gold 

Plate  of  diver 

Potatoes 

Powder: 

Sporting  (except  fine  powder  imported  in  packages  containing  in 
balk  not  less  than  2o  poonds  weight  each.) 

Blasting 

ProTisions— inolnding  Tegetables— salted,  dried,  or  preserred  in  brine 
(except  fish  not  otherwtee  enamerated.) 

Rice 

Saddle-trees : 

Riding 

Harness 

Salt  (except  rock  salt) 

Shot 

Snnif 

Soda  crystal 

Spirits  or  strong  waters  of  any  strength  not  exceeding  the  strength  of 
proof  by  Sykes'  hydrometer,  and  so  in  proportion  for  any  greater 
strengtn  tlian  the  strength  of  proof. 


V   . 


Spirits,  cordials,  liquors,  or  strong  waters,  sweetened  or  mixed  with  any 
article  so  that  the  degree  of  strength  cannot  be  ascertsined  by  Sykes* 
bvdrometer  (incladiog  all  alcohol  dilated  or  nndilnted  with  water  or 
other  menstrnm,  and  containing  in  solation  any  essence,  essential  oil, 
ether,  or  other  fijavoring  or  other  sabstance,  whether  of  natural  or 
artificial  origin.) 
Spirits : 

Perfumed 

Methylated 

Sugar  and  molasses  (except  unrefined  molasses) 

Tea 

Timber: 

Dressed  or  planed 

Hardwood,  undressed  (except  undressed  logs  of  any  length  of  the 
size  of  9  inches  square  or  larger). 

Laths 

Shingles 

Palings 

Rough  spokes  and  felloes  (except  hickory)  and  sawed  pickets 

Tobacco  (except  sheepwash,  including  tobacco  soaked  on  the  landing 
thereof  from  the  importing  ship,  or  on  delivery  from  the  warehouse, 
in  turpentine,  oil,  or  other  fluid,  in  the  presence  of  some  officer  of  cus- 
toms, so  as  to  render  it  unfit  and  useless  for  human  consumption). 

Muiufactured 

Unmanufactured 

Twine  (except  sewing  or  seaming  of  hemp,  cotton,  or  flax) 

Umbrellas,  parasols,  and  sunshaoes : 

Parasols  and  sunshades  (plain)  up  to  18|  inches  in  length  of  ribs,  in- 
cluding covers  made  up  wholly  or  in  part  of  cotton,  woolen,  or 
other  matetial,  not  otherwise  specified. 
Umbrellas  over  l^  inches,  fancy  parasols  or  sunshsdes  under  18| 
inches  in  length  of  ribs,  including  covers  made  up  wholly  or  in 
part  of  cotton,  woolen,  or  other  material,  not  otherwise  specified. 
Umbrellas  over  18^  inches  in  length  of  ribs,  of  silk  or  silk  mixtures, 
and  parasols  and  sunshades  of  all  sizes  of  similar  materials,  in- 
cluding covers  made  up  wholly  or  in  pari. 

y amlsh,  including  lithograpnic , 

Yfaiegar,  not  being  acetic  acid  or  crude  vinegar,  aromatic,  or  raspberry. . 

Window  sashes 

Wine: 

Sparkling ^ 

Other 

Woolpaoks 

Articles  of  apparel,  whether  whollv  or  partly  made  up  (except  hosiery): 
Aprons,  breeches,  coats,  capes,  cloaks,  costumes,  couars,  outh^  sleeves 
and  sets,  crinolinM,  camisoles,  dresses,  furs  made  up,  froeks,  fixmts,  in- 
fants' hoods  and  hats,  infants' swathes  and  bibs,  Jackets,  knickerbocker 
suits  or  portions  of  suits,  leggings,  mantles,  muslin  and  net  scarfs, 
nightdresses,  pants,  pelisses,  petticoats,  pinafores,  ruffles,  robes,  shirts 
of  all  kinds,  skirts,  stays,  shawls,  trousers ,  tunics,  vests,  wristbands, 
men's,  women's,  and  children's  underclothing,  ties,  scarfs,  neckerchiefs, 
and  all  articles  used  for  the  like  purpose. 


Rate  of  duty. 


40t.  per  ton. 

12s.  per  gross. 

25  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

6t.  per  ounce,  troy. 

2s.  per  ounce,  troy. 

10«.  per  ton. 

8d.  per  pound. 

Id.  per  pound, 
firpercwt 

6«.  per  100  pounds. 

20«.  per  dozen. 

10s.  per  dozen. 

20s.  per  ton. 

Id.  per  pound. 

2«.  per  pound. 

40s.  per  ton. 

10«.  per  gallon,  or  40s.  foreaoh 
reputed  4-gallon  case,or20«. 
for  each  reputed  2-gaUoift 
case,  when  the  said  cases 
respectively  do  not  contain 
ixore  than  the  reputed  oon- 
tents.  snd  so  on  for  each  re- 
putea  gallon  or  part  of  a 
gallon. 

10«.  per  gallon. 


20«.  per  gaDon. 
]«.  per  liquid  gallon. 
8«.  per  cwt. 
8d.  per  pound. 

]«.  6d.  per  100  su.  feet. 
Is.  per  100  su.  feet 

If.  per  1,000. 
Od.  per  1,000. 
9d.  per  100. 
Oct.  per  100. 


2s.  per  pound. 
Is.  per  pound, 
l^o.  per  pound. 

(kLeach. 


Is.  each. 


2s.  6d.  each. 

2s.  per  gallon. 
6d,  per  gallon. 
2s.  per  pair. 

8s.  per  gallon. 
6s.  per  gallon. 
7s.  per  dozen. 
25  per  cent  ad  valorensn. 


TABIFFS   OF  THE   SEVERAL   COl'NTBIES. 


569 


Imported  by  land  or  sea — Continaed. 


Articles. 


Articles  of  ardflcisl  baman  hair  mannfactiired,  vis:  Hesd  dresses,  hair 
plaits,  hair-plait  slems,  side  pads,  ohij^ons. 

Bonnets  (except  straw,  chip,  willow,  tape,  and  braid,  nntrimmed) 

Broshware  (except  artilts'  brashes) 

Caps 

Copperware,  not  otherwise  enumerated 

Frilling  and  rufQing 

Fomitaie,  including  second-hand  ftunitare  (see  exemption  list) 

Boilers  (land  and  marine) 

Machinery,  not  otherwise  ennmerated  (except  machhiery  for  carding, 
spinning,  weaving,  and  finishing  the  manufactore  of  fibrons  materiid, 
and  cards  for  snob  machinery,  sewing  and  printing  machines  and 

Kresses,  machinery  used  in  the  mannfactnro  of  paper  and  for  felting, 
icluding  wire-cloth  and  felts,  and  machines  for. telegraphic  porposes, 
and  engines  of  which  gas  is  the  direct  motive  powen. 
Ifanofhctares  of  metals  (except  steel  cranks  ana  tires  in  the  rongh,  and 
patent  roller  bashes  for  block  making)  asunder,  viz:  Air  gratmes; 
ash  pans;  axle  blocks;  axle  boxes;  barrow  wheels ;  bedsteads;  bells; 
bench  screws;  bill  files;  blacksmiths' tongs ;  blank  nats;  boat  hooks; 
boilers  and  famaces,  copper ;  bolts  and  nnts,  iron ;  bolt  ends,  iron ; 
bolt  rings;  bottle  Jacks,  litting ;  braces,  wronght-iron ;  branch  pipes; 
copper  and  brass;  brass  cocks,  valves,  and  whistles;  brass  mountings 
and  fittings ;  brazed  copper  pipes ;  brazed  wrought  iron  pipes ;  cake 
rollers;  camp  ovens  ana  three-leg  pota:  ca»t-iron  of  all  sorts,  molded: 
cast-iron  cylinders;  cast-steel  drills;  cisterns,  wrought-iron;  coal 
scoops  and  scuttles;  condensers  for  gasworks,  salt  wat4?r,  and  steam 
engines ;  contractors'  forgings ;  cork  drawers,  wire  and  steel ;  crow- 
bars; crucibles,  black leaa;  dampers  and  frames ;  distilling  apparatus; 
door  knockers ;  door  porters ;  door  scrapers ;  drain  grates  and  frames ; 
drain  grating;  dumb  bells;  eccentrics  for  buggies;  engine  castings ; 
engineers'  forgings;  fenders;  fire  dogs.;  fire  guards;  fittings  for 
pumps,  engines,  and  machinery ;  flower  stands ;  forge  backs ;  furnace 
doors  and  frames ;  furnaoe  pans,  galvanized ;  galvanized  and  black 
spouting  and  guttering;  galvanized  buckets  ana  tubs;  garden  reels: 

Sanlen  rollers;  gaiden  seats;  gasaliers  and  chandeliers;  all  kinds  ox 
nishcd  work  for  gas  fittings;  gas  stoves;  gas  tongs;  girders,  iron; 
grates;  gridirons;  grindstone  spindles;  gun  metal,  steam  engine  fit- 
Bn^rs,  molded;  gutters  and  piping;  hammers;  napping,  quartz,  and 
spalling ;  hasps  and  staples ;  hat  and  coat  hooks,  cast-iron ;  nat  stands ;  * 
hay  rakes ;  mnges,  T ;  holdfasts ;  hook-and-eve  binges ;  horse-power 
gMr;  horse  rakes;  horseshoes;  hydraulic  mams;  iron  brackets;  iron 
kettle  ears;  ironwork  for  wagons,  carriages,  carts,  and  baggies; 
Japanned  and  lacquered  ware ;  kettles  and  preserving  pans,  copper 
and  brass;  kitchen  ranges;  ladles;  lamp  posts;  leadeuware;  letters 
and  fleures,  wrought-iron  or  steel;  levers,  forged i  links,  connecting 
or  split;  lifts,  warehouse;  manger  rings;  mangles;  marine  engine 
cranks  and  pillars ;  maul  rings ;  meat  hooks ;  monkej's  for  pile  driving ; 
ornamental  grating  s;  oven  doors  and  frames :  painted  and  brass  cases 
for  engines;  pepper,  malt,  bean,  and  oat  miila;  picks  and  mattocks; 
pipes,  wrougnt-Iix>n  (except  welded) ;  plyers ;  portable  forges ;  pully 
Dlocks;  pumps;  quan^  maols  and  picks;  quoits;  railwav  chairs; 
range  cocks;  rings  ana  starts;  rivets,  iron;  rods,  connecting;  sack 
trucks:  safes  and  Doxes,  iron;  sash  weights;  shafting,  bright  wroughlr 
iron ;  sluice  valves,  iron ;  soldering  irons ;  springs  and  .scrolls,  cart, 
carriage,  and  buggy;  stands,  iron ;  stationary  or  portable  engines,  or 
jMurtsof  them;  stench  tai^ps;  tinned  ware  and  ironware,  stamped;  tin- 
ware ;  troughs ;  truck  wheels :  toe  irons,  cast  and  water ;  union  Joints ; 
washers,  black  and  galvanized ;  wedges ;  wheelbarrows,  wrought-iron ; 
whe^  wrought-iron;  winches;  wiro  netting;  wiiework;  zlncware, 
including  perforated  zinc. 

Medicines,  patent  or  called  patent,  not  containing  spirits,  being  medici- 
nal preparations  or  compositions  recommended  to  the  public  as  proprie- 
tary medicines,  or  prepared  according  to  some  private  formula  or 
secret  art,  asjemedies  or  specifics  for  any  disease  or  diseases  or  affec- 
tions whatever  affecting  the  human  or  animal  body,  or  being  subject 
to  a  stamp  duty  in  the  country  from  whence  they  aro  exported. 

Mndcid  instruments  (including  second-hand),  being  pianofortes,  organs, 
and  all  parts  thereof,  and  harmoniums,  including  pianoforte  actions 
made  up  (except  action-work  in  separate  pieces,  including  rails  and 
keys). 

Paper  and  cardboard  boxes  (not  containing  goods  ordinarily  imported 
toerein). 

Plaitings  of  all  kinds 

Boohings 

Saddles  and  harness,  leatherware  or  articles  made  up  of  leather,  or  any 
manufacture  of  which  leather  is  the  most  valuable  part,  including 
whips  of  any  description,  and  trunks  and  portmanteaus. 

Wickerware 


Bate  of  daty. 


85  per  c«nt  ad  valorem. 

Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 


Do. 


Da 
Da 


Da 


Da 

Da 
Da 
Da 


Da 


670 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


Imported  Vy  land  or  sea — Continued. 


Artiolea. 


Woodenwure,  inclndiiiff  belloirs,  picture  fnuoM,  and  wooden  bamee, 
tnmery  (except  billUi^  balls  in  tne  rongh) ;  Btavea,  sbaped  or  dressed, 
and  casks,  and  flnisbed  timber  not  otherwise  enomerated  (except  art* 
ists'  materials,  engravers*  boxwood,  shafts  and  poles  in  the  rough,  ash 
oars,  gilt  moldings  and  headings  used  in  the  mannCsctnre  of  picture 
frames  of  wood  or  other  materials,  but  not  ornamental  composition 
moldings  in  the  white,  not  gilt). 

Ajgricultaral  implements  (see  exemption  list) 

Blaoking 

Brownware  and  tiles 

Carpeting  and  dmggeting 

Clocks .• 

Fireworks 

Fnmitnre  oil  and  paste 

Gloves 

Oroand  coal  and  charcoal  (see  exemption  list) 

Hosiery  (except  of  cotton,  linen,  ana  elastic  silk  stockings  for  surgical 
purposes  or  otherwise  specified). 

Leather: 

Calf  and  kid 

Patent  and  colored  fancy  leathers 

All  other  leathers  (except  crust  or  rough- tanned  hog-skins,  calf  and 

goat  and  sumac-tanned  sheep). 
Cut  into  shapes,  including  elastic-side  uppers  and  Wellington  legs, 
clogs  and  pattens. 

Manufacuired  stationery,  including  account-books,  printed  checks,  bill- 
heads, and  other  printed  or  ruledpaper,  blotting-pads,  sketch-blocks, 
manifold  writers,  albums,  and  all  kinds  of  Jewel,  dressing,  and  writing 
cases  (excepting  pens,  pen-holders,  pencils,  pencil-cases,  and  slates). 

Marble  and  stone,  wrought  (except  slate  slabs  not  wholly  manufactured, 
lithographic  stones,  and  stones  for  milling  and  grinding  purposes). 

Hatting  of  all  kinds 

Oilcloths  and  other  floor  cloths 

Oilmen's  stores  (except  essential  oils  and  essences  not  containing  alco- 
hol), packed  in  bottles,  Jars,  canisters,  or  vessels  not  exceeding  one 
reputed  quart  in  size. 

Plated  and  mixed  metal  ware  (except  door-handles,  locks,  shaft-tips, 
stump  and  finger  Joints,  and  slot  irons  used  in  carriage  building,  bar- 
ness  mountings  and  plated  hames). 

SUks: 

All  manufactures  containing  silk  (except  pongees,  hatters'  silk  plush, 
umbrella  silk,  silk  for  flour  dressing,  silk  fags,  oil  silk,  fringes, 
tassels,  and  gimp  for  fnmitnre,  reps,  oamasks,  and  other  material 
for  coverins  lumiture). 
Silks  in  the  plfcce  laiown  as  pongees 

Tents  and  tarpaolins 

Washing,  baking,  andSeidlitr  powders ....' 

Watches   

Woolen  blankets  or  blanketing,  rugs  and  rugging 

Woolen  piece  goods,  being  vestings,  trouserings,  coatings,  and  shirtings, 
containg  wool ;  broadcloths,  witneys,  naps,  and  flannels. 

All  dress  piece  goods  containing  wool 

ASrated  or  mineral  waters 

Combs 

Gold  and  silver  lejf 

Grease,  anti-fHction 

Oilmen's  stores  not  otherwise  enomerated  (except  isinglass,  uncut) 

Perfumery 

Seeds,  canary 

Springs,  sofa,  chair,  and  other  furniture 

Slypes,  brass,  type-holders,  ornamental  rolls  and  line  fillets,  for  book- 
binders. 


Sate  of  dn^. 


25  per  cent,  ad  valoreai. 


20  per  cent  ad  valorem. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

7|  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Do. 

Do. 


Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Do. 


Do. 

10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

71  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
10  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


EXPORTED  BY  LAND  AND  SEA. 


Timber,  known  as  redgum  (on  and  after  September  1,  1880) 10«.  per  100  sup.  ft 

Scrap  iron  (on  and  after  November  15, 1877) £3  per  ton. 


ARTICLES  EXEMPT  FROM  DUTY. 

The  undermentioned  articles  shall  be  exempt  from  duties  of  customs  on  importation  into  Victoria 
bv  land  or  sea,  namely:  All  minor  articles  of  mixed  or  undescribed  materials  used  in  the  making  up 
of  apparel,  or  of  boots  and  shoes,  or  of  bats,  or  of  saddlery,  or  of  umbrellas,  or  of  parasols,  or  of  sun- 
shaaes,  and  all  surgical  instruments  or  appliances,  provided  that  such  minor  articles  or  surgical  instru- 
ments  or  appliances  are  entunerated  in  anj'  order  of  the  commissioner,  and  published  in  the  6ovemm«it 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         571 

Gazette ;  aUpaokAges,  second-hand,  in  -vrbioh  ships'  stores  hare  been  imported;  all  packages  in  which 
goods  are  ordinarily  imported,  not  otherwise  enumerated ;  ships'  fittings ;  passengers'  baggage,  being 
cabin  fnmitare  and  personal  luggage ;  and  second-hand  fomitnre  accompanving  any  passenger  which 
has  been  in  snch^;>a8sengeT's  own  use,  np  to  fifty  pounds  in  value,  and  wnicn  is  not  importea  for  sale; 
ground  animal  charcoal :  all  carriages  and  other  Tenides  used  in  the  conveyance  of  passengers  or  goods 
across  the  fh>ntier  whicn  have  been  registered  with  the  ofilcers  of  customs  nearest  tne  place  where  such 
carriage  or  other  vehicle  may  plv  or  nass,  and  in  such  manner  as  the  commissioner  may  by  any  order 
from  time  to  time  approve;  woras  of  art;  fresh  olives  and  candle  nuts;  and,  from  the  thirtieth  day  of 
July,  one  thousand  egiht  hundred  and  seventy-nine,  until  the  thirtieth  day  of  June,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  eighty,  inclusive,  agricultural  instruments  known  as  reapers  and  binders. 

PETEB  LALOR, 
CommUtUmer  qf  Trade  and  Outtovu. 
Detabtmesst  of  Tradk  a  yd  Cubtoms, 

Deeeniber  18, 1879. 


HEW  ZEALAND  TAEIFF. 

REPORT  BY  CONSUL  GRIFFIN,  OF  AUCKLAND. 

I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  an  act  of  Parliament  was  passed  (see 
copy  inclosed)  on  the  24th  of  last  September  making  material  alterations 
in  the  castoms  and  excise  duties  of  New  Zealand.  The  new  law  went 
into  effect  on  the  Ist  of  October,  1881.  Hitherto  the  costom  daties  of  the 
colony  have  been  imposed  chiefly  with  a  View  of  raisinga  revenue  rather 
than  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  home  manufactures  and  industries, 
but  it  appears  from  the  changes  recently  made  that  the  Government  is 
now  very  favorably  inclined  toward  the  policy  of  protection.  For  in- 
stance, heretofore  bacon  and  hams  were  admitted  free,  but  now  a  duty 
of  2  pence  (4  cents)  per  pound  is  charged  upon  them.  It  is  thought  that 
this  tax  will  drive  American  hams  and  bacon  fi*om  the  market.  The  New 
Zealand  hams  and  bacon  are  of  fair  quality,  but  they  do  not  begin  to 
compare  in  excellence  and  flavor  with  those  from  the  United  States. 
Indeed.  American  pork  is  so  much  liked  here  that  some  time  will  elapse 
before  New  Zealand  merchants  will  cease  to  import  it.  The  hogs  raised 
in  the  provinces  of  Canterbury  and  Otago  are  corn  fed,  which,  ot  course, 
improves  the  quality  of  New  Zealand  pork,  but  the  art  of  curing  hams 
and  bacon  is  not  yet  fully  understood  in  this  colony.  The  best  New 
Zealand  hams  that  have  come  under  my  observation  were  cured  by  I. 
T.  Green  and  1.  Gilmor  &  Co.  Their  wholesale  price  is  from  G^d.  to  l^d. 
(13  to  15  cents)  per  pound.  This  is  fully  8  cents  per  pound  lower  than 
the  American  hams. 

Jams  and  jellies. — An  extra  duty  of  1 J  pence  (3  cents)  per  pound  has 
been  levied  on  jams,  jellies,  and  marmalade.  It  is  believed  that  this  was 
done  to  encourage  fruit-growing  and  the  manufacture  of  jams  and  jellies. 

Maize. — Maize  is  also  heavily  taxed;  the  duty  charged  on  that  article 
now  is  9  pence  (18  cents)  per  100  pounds,  equal  to  about  10  cents  per 
bushel.  This  tax  is  hailed  with  great  satisfaction  by  the  settlers  of 
Opotiki  and  the  oast  coast,  and  some  argue  that  the  duty  should  be 
doubled  and  trebled,  so  as  to  place  importers  at  a  still  greater  disadvan- 
tage. 

Fancy  and  scented  soaps. — Amongst  the  articles  which  ap^iear  to  be 
strongly  protected  are  fancy  and  scented  sopps.  The  duty  on  them  was 
formerly  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  but  it  has  been  raised  to  25  per  cent, 
ad  valorem.  Several  firms  have  been  engaged  for  many  years  in  manu- 
facturing toilet  soaps,  notably  M.  Bardsley  &  Son  and  McLeod  Brothers, 


572 


TARIFFS    OF   THE   SEVERAL   COUii  TRIES. 


at  Danedin.    The  former  firm,  established  in  1859,  quote  seven  varities 
in  toilet  soaps  and  eight  varities  in  soaps  for  domestic  use,  namely : 

Toilet  soaps. — Old  brown  Windsor,  New  Zealand  rose  squares,  trans- 
parent glycerine  tablets  and  bars,  oat-meal  soap,  assorted  squares  and 
oval  tablets,  marbled  glycerine  squares,  coal-tar  soap. 

Price$  of  domesiio  9oap9  and  candles. 
SOAPS. 


DeMription. 


Prize  pale  (star  brand) . 

People's  soap 

Carbolic  disinfectant  . 

Lanndry 

Blae  mottled 

3-crown , 

2-crown 

Household 


Grocers'  price. 


Per  bar. 
U.  dd.  to.  1».  id. 

Kew  brand 
do 

U. 


lld.tol«. 
7d.  to  Bd. 
5d.to6d. 


Bardaley's 
selling  price. 


Per  bar. 

U.  Id. 
U. 

u. 

lOd. 
lOd. 

M. 

Od. 

4d. 


Buying  in  quantities  the  prices  quoted  are : 

Prize  pale  (8tar  brand),  box  of  1  cwt 22s. 

Prize  pale  Tstar  brand),  box  of  ^  cwt 168. 

Prize  pale  (star  brand),  box  of  I  cwt 89. 6d. 

People's  soap,  box  of  1  cwt 1 28«. ; 

29a.; 

25».; 

28^.; 

22».; 

17«.; 

13«.: 


Carbolic do 

Lanndry do 

Blue  mottled do 

3-crown do 

^crown do 

Household.... do 


i  cwt.  14«. 
i  cwt.  15«. 
i  cwt.  13«. 
i  cwt.  14«.  6<f. 
i  cwt.  11».  6d. 
i  cwt.  9«. 
iowt.    6«.  6d. 


CANDLES. 


De  Roubaix's  (sperm),  per  box  of  25  poands 9d,  per  pound. 

**  "         6-ponnd  packets d^.  per  pound. 

"  "         1-ponnd  packets lOd.  per  pound. 

Superior  mold,  per  box  of  12  pounds bd.  per  pound. 

**  **     4-pound  packets fH^I- per  pound. 

**     1-pound  packets 6d.  per  pound. 


a 


Also,  paraffine,  bedroom,  piano,'  and  carriage  candles. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  here  that  the  Kew  Zealand  manufacturer  sells 
the  latter  staple  at  a  considerable  reduction  on  the  grocers'  and  other 
vendors'  prices. 

MAIZENA  AND  CORN  FLOUR. 

Maizena,  and  com  flour  is  now  taxed  at  1  shilling  (25  cents)  per  100 
pounds.  Last  year  it  was  free.  Two  years  ago  the  duty  on  it  was  2 
shillings  (50  cents)  per  100  pounds.  I  am  at  a  loss  for  a  satisfaetory 
explanation  of  these  frequent  changes. 

IRON  NAILS. 

Iron  nails  are  taxed  at  2  shillings  (48  cents)  per  100  pounds. 

AMERICAN  PRODUCTS. 

A  large  number  of  American  products  upon  which  a  duty  of  15  per 
cent,  ad  valorem  was  charged  now  come  in  free.  They  are  as  follow^s : 
Axes,  hatchets,  spades,  shovels,  picks,  iron-wire  netting,  carriage  mate- 
rial, cloth,  shafts,  spokes,  felloes,  prints,  tailors'  trimmings,  brown  can- 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         573 

vas,  silesias,  verona,  Italian  cloth,  flexible  coat  and  vest  metal  and  bone 
buttons,  eilk,  worstedj  and  cotton  binding  and  braids,  sewing  cotton, 
silks,  and  thread,  and  rough  brown  hoUand. 

Since  the  said  tariff  went  into  operation  the  inspector  of  customs  has 
informed  me  that  there  have  been  some  discussions  affecting  certain 
goods  which  were  supposed  to  come  in  free.  For  instance,  cretonness 
chintzes^  plain,  colored,  and  printed  sateens,  cotton,  Italian  cloth-wool, 
cotton  French  sateen,  and  muslins  of  all  kinds  are  taxed  15  per  cent,  aa 
valorem.  Wincey,  which  in  fact  has  the. appearance  of  wool,  although 
cotton,  is  admitted  free,  and  so  are  the  various  kinds  of  cotton  shirtings 
which  look  like  wool.  Window  hoUands  and  similar  curtains  are  taxed 
likewise.  Turkey  red  and  twill,  wood  oil  baize,  oatmeal  cloth,  book 
muslin,  fancy  and  white  muslin,  Madras  and  Indian  muslin,  all  pay  a 
duty  of  16  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  This  duty  of  16  per  cent,  is  in  reality 
16J  percent.  For  instance,  the  custom-house  authorities  add  10  per 
cent,  on  every  invoice  of  goods;  that  is,  for  every  $100, 10  per  cent,  is 
added  on  cost  for  expense  in  importing,  which  makes  $110;  add  to  this 
15  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  would  make  16J  per  cent,  on  first  cost  of  goods. 

• 

TOBACCO  AND  SPIRITS. 

The  excise  duty  on  .tobacco  has  been  reduced  from  3  shillings  and  six- 
pence (87^  cents)  to  1  shilling  (25  cents)  per  pound.  In  a  former  report 
to  the  Department  of  State  I  expressed  the  opinion  that  some  parts  of 
the  North  Island  of  New  Zealand  were  especially  adapted  to  the  growth 
of  the  best  qualities  of  tobacco,  but  the  duty  hitherto  proved  a  bar  to 
its  production  or  the  establishment  of  manufactories.  Already  several 
American  houses  in  New  Zealand  have  opened  manufactories  for  tobacco, 
and  it  is  thought  that  they  will  prove  successful.  It  will  be  seen  from 
the  act  altering  the  duties  and  excise  that  in  lieu  of  the  duty  imposed 
by  the  third  section  of  "the  excise  duties  act,  1874,"  there  shall  be 
paid  on  all  spirits  distilled  within  the  colony  the  following  excise  duty: 
On  ever>'  gallon  of  spirits,  of  proof,  and  so  on  in  proportion  for  any 
greater  or  less  strength  of  proof,  and  for  any  greater  or  less  quantity 
than  a  gallon,  eight  shillings  per  gallon,  and  such  rate  of  duty  shall 
(unless  previously  altered  by  the  general  assembly)  remain  in  force  until 
the  31st  day  of  December,  1886. 

DRAWBACKS. 

If  excise  duties  are  increased  before  the  31st  of  December,  1886,  no 
claim  for  compensation  can  be  entertained.  The  governor  is  empow- 
ered to  specify  articles  on  which  drawbacks  may  be  allowed,  provided 
that  no  drawback  of  duty  shall  be  allowed  on  spirits,  cordials,  liquors, 
bitters,  tobacco,  cigars,  cigarettes,  snuff,  opium,  wine,  coffee  (ground), 
chicory,  spices,  perfumery,  and  jewelry,  nor  shall  drawbacks  be  allowed 
on  any  goods  which  shall  be  of  less  value  than  the  amount  of  draw- 
back claimed  in  respect  thereof.  A  drawback  of  full  duty  paid  on  impor- 
tation may  be  allowed  on  any  goods  entitled  to  drawback  of  duties  if  ex- 
ported in  original  packages  as  imported;  provided  that  the  number  and 
dat^  on  which  the  import  duty  was  paid  be  satisfied  in  entry  for  draw- 
back, and  in  case  of  goods  liable  to  ad  valorem  duty,  that  original 
stamped  invoices,  according  to  which  duty  was  paid  when  goods  were 
unpacked,  be  produced  along  with  such  entry,  and  if  the  collector  thinks 
fit  that  goods  be  compared  therewith  prior  to  being  shipped,  and  pro- 
vided, also,  that  the  officer  of  customs  in  every  case  satisfies  himself 


574 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES. 


and  certifies  on  the  entry  that  sach  goods  are  in  aU  respects  in  the  same 
condition  and  are  of  the  same  value  as  when  entered  for  duty  on  im- 
portation. A  minimum  penalty  of  £200  is  imposed  for  entering  goods 
not  entitled  to  drawback  or  for  entering  at  a  higher  rate  than  allowed- 

THE  EFFECT   OF  THE  NEW  TARIFF. 

The  encouragement  given  to  the  manufacturers  of  perfumes  and  other 
articles  in  whidi  spirits  are  necessary  ingredients,  will,  it  is  supposed, 
largely  increase  the  manufacture  of  these  articles.  Heretofore  the  manu- 
facturers have  labored  under  great  disadvantages,  the  duty  on  spirits 
alone  being  14  shillings  (about  $3.50)  per  gallon,  and  they  had  to  pay 
a  still  higher  duty  per  gallon  for  spirits  above  proof.  For  the  manu- 
facture of  perfumery  the  strongest  spirits  of  wine  is  necessaiy;  that 
which  is  most  generally  in  use  is  60  O.  C).  P.  (above  proof),  and  cost  the 
manufacturer  in  duty  alone  fully  $5.50  per  gallon.  Tbe  new  act,  as  pre- 
viously mentioned,  does  away  with  this  duty  under  certain  restrictions, 
thus  allowing  perfumery,  and  other  toilet  articles  in  which  spirits  are 
used)  to  be  manufactured  in  liond.  Moreover,  all  imitorted  perfumed 
spirits  and  cologne  water  are  taxed  at  the  i*ate  of  lil  shillings  ($5.25) 
per  gallon.  While  the  new  tarili'  will  attbrd  protection  to  a  limited  num- 
ber of  home  manufacturers,  it  is  questionable  wJiether  it  will  increase 
the  revenue  of  the  colony  or  not ;  indeed,  many  are  of  the  opinion  that 
it  will  cause  a  perceptible  falling  off  in  the  customhouse  receipts. 

THE  REVENUE  OF  NEW  ZEALAND. 

^  If  the  revenue  of  New  Zealand  is  to  be  taken  as  evidence  of  the  pros- 
perity of  the  colony,  the  returns  for  the  quarter  ending  September  30, 
1881,  certainly  show  a  very  gratifying  state  of  affairs.  The  total  rev- 
enue collected  at  all  tbe  ports  of  New  Zealand  for  said  quarter  was 
$19,402.15,  against  $15,626.40  for  the  corresponding  quarter  of  1880. 

1  give  below  a  table  showing  the  general  revenue  of  New  Zealand 
for  each  year  since  1870. 

Bevenue  of  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand  for  each  year  from  1870  to  1880,  tfio7i(«ir«. 


1870 15,923,195 

1871 5,710,580 

1872 8,374,080 

1873 13,881,940 

1874 15,343,060 

1875 14,069,t)40 


1876 $17,901,470 

1877 19,580,015 

1878 20,839,445 

1879 15,674,525 

1880 17,799,410 


DUTY  ON  STATIONERY. 

All  articles  under  this  heading  are  taxed  with  ad  valorem  duty  of  15 
per  cent.,  together  with  10  per  cent,  added  on  the  amount  of  invoice, 
or,  in  other  words,  the  goods  are  valued  by  the  Government  as  being 
10  per  cent,  more  value  to  the  importer  when  receiving  them.  Small 
articles  in  silk  for  office  use  in  binding  legal  documents  are  also  sub- 
jected to  an  ad  valorem  duty  of  15  per  cent,  with  the  additional  10  per 
cent,  already  referred  to.  There  are  exemptions  in  stationery,  the  util- 
ity of  which  is  not  altogether  clear  to  me,  for  instance:  ''Paper,  writing 
and  machine  made,  of  siises  not  less  than  the  size  known  as  demy  (20  by 
15^  inches),  when  in  original  wrappers,  and  with  uncut  edges  as  it  leaves 
the  mill."  An  importer  of  this  staple  is  exempted  from  an  ad  valorem 
of  15  per  cent,  and  10  per  cent,  as  above  explained,  by  ordering  the 
i^oods  unruled  and  with  uncut  edges. 


TARIFFS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTRIES.         575 

There  is,  I  believe,  a  monopoly  of  these  goods  existing  here.  Every- 
thing of  this  kind  in  use  by  the  law  and  commercial  community  is  im- 
ported from  England,  and  the  prices  of  this  staple  are  exorbitant  in  the 
extreme. 

G.  W.  GEHPFrsr,  ConsuL 
United  States  Consulate, 

Auckland^  HT.'Z.j  October  28, 1881. 


AN  ACT  to  Alter  the  duties  of  onstoms  and  ezoiae. 

[24<A  September,  1881.1 
»  •  •  •  •  •  • 

2.  On  and  after  the  first  day  of  October,  one  thonsand  eight  hundred  and  eighty- 
one,  in  lieu  of  the  duties  of  customs  heretofore  chargeable  on  the  articles  next  herein- 
after mentioned,  there  shall  be  levied,  collected^  and  paid  to  Her  Majesty,  her  heirs 
and  successors,  upon  the  same  on  importation  into  the  colony,  or  on  being  cleared 
from  any  warehouse  for  home  consumption,  the  several  duties  following,  namely : 

£    8.   d. 

Baeonandhams 0    0    2    thelb. 

Ironnails... 1 0    2    0    the  cwt. 

Iron  tanks,  of  and  under  200  gallons 0    2    6    each. 

rthe  pound,  or  reputed  pack- 
age of  that  weight,  and  so 
Jams,  JeUies,  marmalade,  and  preserves....     0    0    1^^     in  proportion  for  packages 

of  greater  or  less  reputed 
,    weight. 

Haize 0    0    9    the  100  lb. 

Maizena  and  com  flour 0    10    the  100  lb. 

Soap,  scented  and  fancy 25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

Woolpacks,  of  the  kind  known  as  ''wool 
pockets^''  and  not  exceeding  the  measure- 
ment oiltix  21  x  30  inches 0    1    3    the  dozen. 

3.  The  articles  next  hereinafter  mentioned  shall  be  exempt  from  duties  of  customs 
on  the  importation  thereof  into  the  colony,  namely: 

Alum. 

Axes  and  hatchets. 

Borax. 

Calicoes,  white  and  gray,  in  the  piece. 

Carriage  materials — namely,  American  cloth,  shafts,  spokes,  feUoes,  naves,  and  tacks. 

Chaff. 

Cheese  cloth. 

Colored  cotton  shirtings,  in  the  piece. 

Corduroy  (cotton),  in  the  piece. 

Cotton  oreiBS  prints,  navy  blue,  or  other  similar  description  of  cotton  piece  goods. 

Gold  size. 

Hessian  bags. 

Iron-wire  netting. 

Moleskin,  in  the  piece. 

Nitric  acid. 

Bough  brown  hoUand,  in  the  piece. 

Sewing  cottons,  silks  and  threads. 

Spades,  shovels,  and  forks. 

Tailorr  trimmings — namelv,  black  and  brown  canvas,  silesias,  verona,  Italian  cloth; 
flexible  coat  and  vest,  metal,  and  bone  buttons;  silk,  worsted,  and  cotton  bindings 
and  braids. 

4.  Section  4  of  ''the  customs  tariff  act,  1880,''  is  herebv  repealed. 

5.  In  lieu  of  the  bonus  specified  in  section  twelve  of  "the  tobacco  act,  1879,''  the 
following  provision  shall  take  effect,  on  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  namely : 

The  dntv  upon  tobacco  manufactured  in  the  colony  from  tobacco  grown  in  the 
colony  shall  be  one  shilling  the  pound;  and  this  rate  of  duty  shall  remain  in  force 
until  the  thirty-first  day  of  December,  one  thousand  eight  himdred  and  eighty-six, 
unless  previously  alt-ered  by  act  of  the  general  assemby. 

6.  If  the  excise  duty  on  New  Zealand  grown  and  manufactured  tobacco  be  increased 
before  the  thirty-first  day  of  December,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty-six, 
or  if  the  laws  or  regulations  respecting  the  manuDEtcture  of  tobacco  in  the  colony  be 


676  TARIFFS    OF    THE    SEVERAL   COUNTRIES^ 

altered  or  amended  before  that  date,  no  claim  for  compensation  shall  be  entertained 
or  snm  of  money  be  paid  ont  of  the  public  moneys  of  the  colony  to  any  tobacco  mana- 
faotorer  or  person  m  any  way  interested  in  the  growth,  manufacture,  or  sale  of 
tobacco,  in  respect  of  such  increase  of  duty,  or  alteration  of  laws  or  regnlations  re- 
specting the  manufacture  of  tobacco. 

7.  The  commissioner  of  customs  may  from  time  to  time  approve  and  appoint  ware- 
houses or  places  of  security  at  any  port  for  the  manufacture  therein,  under  such  con- 
ditions as  he  may  from  time  to  time  prescribe  in  that  behalf,  of  perfumery  and  other 
articles  in  which  spirit  is  a  necessary  in£n^dient;  and  he  may  make  regulations  for 
removing  spirits  to  and  securing  them  at  such  warehouses  or  places,  and  he  may  di- 
rect in  what  cases,  and  with  what  sureties,  and  to  what  amount  security  by  bond  or 
otherwise  shall  be  required  in  respect  of  an^  such  warehouse  or  place,  or  in  respect  of 
any  spirits  deposited  therein  ;  and  any  spirits  when  manufactured  into  perfumery  or 
other  articles  so  that  the  same  shall  not  be  potable  may  be  delivered  free  of  duty. 

8.  The  twelfth  and  thirteenth  sections  of  'Hhe  drawbacks  act,  1872/'  and  the  whole 
of  'Hhe  drawbacks  act  amendment  act,  1873,"  shall  be  and  are  hereby  repealed  on 
and  from  the  first  day  of  January,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty- two. 

9.  The  governor  may,  by  order  in  council  from  time  to  time,  specifiy  the  articles  on 
which  a  drawback  of  duty  paid  on  importation  into  New  Zealand  may  be  allowed  on 
exportation  therefrom,  and  the  rate  of  drawback  to  be  so  allowed  ;  and  may  alter  and 
cancel  any  such  order,  and  may  approve  of  regulations  and  conditions  under  which 
drawbacks  may  be  allowed  :  Provided  that  no  drawback  of  duty  shall  be  allowed  on 
spirits,  cordials,  liqueurs,  bitters,  tobacco,  cigars,  cigarettes,  snuff,  opium,  wine,  coffee 
(ground),  chicory,  spices,  perfumery,  and  jewelry ;  nor  shall  drawback  be  allowed  on 
any  goods  which  shall  be  of  less  vaJue  than  the  amount  of  drawback  claimed  in  re- 
spect thereof. 

10.  A  drawback  of  the  full  duty  paid  ou  importation  may  be  allowed  on  any  goods 
entitled  to  drawback  of  duties,  if  exported  in  original  packages  as  imported  :  I^vided 
that  the  number  and  date  of  the  entry  on  which  the  import  duty  was  paid  be  speci- 
fied in  the  entry  for  drawback,  and,  in  the  case  of  goods  liable  to  ad  valorem  duty, 
that  the  ori^nal  stamped  invoices  according  to  which  the  duty  was  paid  when  the 

foods  were  imported  be  produced  alon^  with  such  entry,  and,  if  the  collector  thinks 
t,  that  the  goods  be  compared  therewith  prior  to  being  shipped  :  And  provided  also 
that  the  proper  officer  of  customs  in  every  case  satisfies  himself,  and  certifies  on  the 
entry,  that  such  goods  are  in  all  respects  in  the  same  condition  and  are  of  the  same 
value  as  when  they  were  entered  for  duty  on  importation. 

11.  The  commissioner  of  customs  may  from  time  to  time  make  regulations  for  the 
repacking,  clearance,  and  shipment  of  goods  entitled  to  be  cleared  for  drawback,  and 
from  time  to  time  may  alter  or  cancel  such  regulations. 

12.  If  any  person  shall  knowingly  enter  or  attempt  to  enter  for  drawback  any  goods 
not  entitled  to  drawback,  or  at  a  higher  rate  of  drawback  than  is  for  the  time  being 
allowed  on  such  goods,  or  at  a  higher  value  for  drawback  than  the  fair  market  value 
of  such  goods  at  the  port  at  which  the  same  are  entered  for  drawback,  or  as  of  a 
greater  quantity  or  weight  ^lan  the  actual  quantity  or  weight  of  such  goods,  he  shall 
forfeit  the  sum  of  two  hundred  pounds,  or  treble  the  value  of  the  goods,  or  treble  the 
amount  of  the  drawback  claimea,  at  the  election  of  the  commissioner  of  customs ;  and 
all  such  goods,  and  the  packages  containing  the  same,  together  with  all  other  goods 
contained  therein,  shall  be  forfeited. 

13.  Every  sum  of  money  which  shall  have  been  overpaid  as  duties  of  customs,  or 
which  shall  be  due  upon  any  drawback  debenture,  or  any  certificate  or  other  instru- 
ment for  the  payment  of  any  money  out  of  the  duties  of  customs,  may  be  paid  by  any 
collector  of  customs  ont  of  any  customs  revenue  in  his  hands,  in  such  manner  as  the 
commissioner  of  customs  may  direct,  and  every  such  payment  shall  be  allowed  by  the 
controller  and  auditor-general  in  -the  settling  or  auditing  of  the  accounts  of  the 
customs. 

14.  The  duties  of  customs  imposed  by  this  act  shall  be  raised,  levied,  collected,  and 
paid  under  the  provisions  of  **  the  customs  regulation  act,  1858,''  and  **  the  customs 
regulation  act  amendment  act,  1868,"  and  subject  also  to  all  such  provisions  and 
regulations  as  may  for  the  time  being  be  in  force  for  the  collection,  management,  and 
receipt  of  the  duties  of  customs  in  the  colony ;  and  all  fines,  forfeitures,  penali  ies,  and 
charges  recoverable  under  this  act  may  be  recovered  ana  applied  in  the  manner  di- 
rected by  **the  customs  regulation  act,  1858,"  and  ''the  customs  regulation  act 
ameudment  act,  1868." 

15.  The  provisions  of  ''the  customs  tariff  act,  1866,"  ''the  customs  tariff  act, 
1873,"  "the  customs  tariff  act,  1878,"  "the  customs  tariff  act,  1879,"  and  "the 
customs  tariff  act,  1880,"  not  inconsist  with  or  expressly  altered  by  or  under  this 
act,  shall  be  read  with  and  as  part  of  this  act. 


48th  Congress,  \  SENATE.  i  Bkpoby 

1st  Session.       J  (  No.  652. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  14,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Camden,  from  the  Committee  on  Peusions,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  H.  R.  2b77.] 

Tlie  Committee  on  Pensionsj  to  whom  was  re/erred  the  bill  {H.  B.  2677) 
granting  a  pension  to  Mary  P.  MacBlair^  have  carefully  considered  the 
same  and  the  papers  therewith  submitted^  and  report : 

Your  committee  adopt  the  report  of  the  House  committee  in  this  case 
as  containing  a  substantial  statement  of  the  facts,  which  report  is  as 
follows : 

Mr.  G.  W.  Hewitt,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  subniitted  the  following  report, 

to  accompany  bill  H.  R.  2677 : 

The  Committee  on  Pennons^  to  whom  waa  referred  the  hill  {H,  R,  2677}  granting  a  pention 
to  Mary  P,  MacBlair^  have  had  the  acme  under  conaiderationf  and  eubmit  the  following 
report: 

Miss  Mary  P.  MacBlair  is  the  daughter  of  the  late  Tliomas  P.  MaoBlair,  who  served 
in  the  Navy  as  pnrser  from  November  11,  1839,  to  his  death,  Febmary  17,  1857.  He 
died  on  board  the  Merrimac,  aft«r  more  than  seventeen  years  of  ardnoas  and  gallant 
service.  Three  children  survived  him,  his  wife  having  died  one  year  previoas  to  his 
death.  His  children  were  granted  a  pension,  at  the  rate  of  $30  a  month,  from  the 
father's  death  till  May  12,  1870,  when  the  youngest  had  reached  the  age  of  sixteen 
years.  Purser  MacBlair  died  poor,  leaving  his  children  nothing  save  a  good  name. 
One  of  the  children  is  now  dead.  Of  the  two  surviving  Alice  is  insane  and  is  confined 
in  an  asylum ;  the  other,  Mary  P.,  who  seeks  relief  at  the  hands  of  Congress,  made 
her  own  living  until  her  health  gave  way  under  hard  work,  and  her  eyes  began  to 
fail.  Added  to  her  blindness  is  serious  spinal  disease,  and  she  is  wholly  incapable  of 
earning  a  living.  She  has  no  home  and  no  relatives  able  to  aid  her.  At  present  she  is 
in  a  charitable  institution  in  Philadelphia,  but  will  not  be  permitted  to  remain  there 
longer  than  two  or  three  months.  Being  as  helpless  now  as  when  her  father  died,  she 
needs  the  protecting  care  of  the  Government  which  that  father  so  gallantly  served, 
and  your  committee  think  her  claims  for  a  pension  as  strong  now  as  they  were  when 
nhe  was  an  infant.  The  general  pension  laws  now  give  pensions  to  children  of  tender 
years  bec^ause  it  is  presumed  that  they  are  unable  to  support  themselves  uutil  they 
are  sixteen  years  of  age.  But  if  from  sickness  or  any  physical  or  mental  cause  a  sol- 
dier's child  is  unable  to  earn  a  living,  the  spirit  of  the  law  would  require  that  the 
pension  be  continued. 

Your  committee,  under  the  exceptional  circumstances  of  this  case, 
report  the  bill  favorably,  with  the  following  amendment:  In  line  eight, 
after  the  words  "  at  the  rate  of,''  strike  out  *'  thirty  dollars"  and  insert 
'^  fifteen  dollars,"  and  recommend  the  passage  of  the  bill  as  amended 
as  stated. 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  i  Report 

\st  SesHion.       I  I  No.  663. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  15,  1884. — Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  CuLLOM,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

fTo  accompauy  bills  S.  1180  and  H.  R.  1406.] 

The  Committee  on  Pensions^  to  ichom  were  re/erred  the  hills  {8,  1180  and 
H.  B,  140G)  granting  a  pension  to  Mrs,  Mary  T.  Barnes,  having  had  the 
same  under  consideration,  report  a^  follows: 

Mrs.  Barnes  is  the  widow  of  the  late  Brig  and  Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  Joseph 
K.  Banies,  SurgeonGeneral  United  States  Army,  who  died  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  April  6,  1883.  General  Barnes  was  appointed  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  Army  in  June,  1840,  and  served  continuously  for  forty- 
two  years  until  placed  upon  the  retired  list  by  operation  of  law,  having 
been  promoted  at  intervals  until  he  became  Surgeon-Geyeral,  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general,  in  August,  1862.  His  active  service  in  the 
field  and  on  the  frontier  was  unusually  varied.  He  served  in  the  Sem- 
inole war  in  Florida  and  throughout  tlie  Mexican  war.  In  the  late  war 
he  was  at  the  head  of  the  Medical  Bureau  of  the  Army.  His  profes- 
sional aid  and  counsel  were  sought  at  the  bedside  of  two  dying  Presi- 
dents. In  the  general  order  announcing  the  death  of  General  Barnes, 
Adjutant-General  Drum,  referring  to  his  attendance  upon  the  late 
President  Garfield,  said: 

Daring  tliese  long-protracted  boura  of  anxiety  and  care  bis  own  bealtb  gave  way, 
And  from  tbat  moment  to  tbe  time  of  bi.s  deatb  be  was  an  invalid. 

His  career  was  one  of  bonor  to  bimself  and  of  great  service  to  bis  conntry. 

The  committee  submit  heiewith  a  statement  of  the  military  service 
of  General  Barnes,  by  R.  O.  Drum,  Adjutant-General  of  the  At'my ;  also 
his  General  Order  No.  22,  announcing  his  death. 

Headqiarters  of  the  Army^ 
Adjctant-General's  Office, 

Waahingtany  January  23,  1884. 

Statement  of  the  military  service  of  Joacph  K.  liarne^j  of  the  United  States  Army. 

[Compiled  fVom  the  records  of  this  oflSce.] 

He  was  appointed  assistant  suigeon  United  States  Army,  Jnne  15,  1840;  assistant 
surgeon  (captaiu)  United  States  Army,  February  11,  1H47,  and  surgeon  (major)  United 
States  Army,  August  29, 1856:  medicaHnspector  United  States  Volunteers,  with  the  rank 
of  lieatenant-colonel,  February  9, 1863 ;  and  medical  inspector-general  United  States 
Volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  August  10,  1863.  The  latter  appointment  was 
vacated  Angust  31,  1-64,  he  having  been  appointed  Surgeon -General  United  States 
Army,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  August  22,  1864. 

For  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  he  received  the  brevet  of  major- 
general  United  States  Army,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865. 

He  served  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N.  Y.,  from  July  10, 
1840,  to  November  9,  1840,  and  in  the  field  (Florida  war)  to  July  15,  1843;  on  leave 
to  October  15,  1843  ;  on  duty  at  Fort  Jesnp,  La.,  to  April  14,  1846  ;  in  the  tL^V^^^^x 


2  MART   T.   BARNES. 

with  Mexico)  to  Febrnary  20, 1848 ;  at  Batou  Rouge,  La.,  to  October  15, 1848  :  in  the 
field  aud  at  Fort  Croghan,  Tex.,  to  Aaga^t  23, 1850 ;  at  Baltimore  City  and  Fort 
McHenry,  Md.,  to  March  %,  1h51  ;  at  Fort  Scot,  Mo.,  to  October  10,  1852;  at  Fort 
LcMiven worth,  Kans.,  to  May  7,1853;  and  at  Fort  Riley,  Kan8.,to  October  20,  1853; 
awaiting  enters  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  before  medical  examining  board  to  Decem- 
ber 20,  1853;  on  dnty  at  the  Uniteil  States  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N.  T., 
from  Jaunary  3,  1854,  to  June  1, 1857 ;  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  to  some  time  in  Angust, 
1857;  and  at  Fort  Vanconver,  Wash.,  to  June  24,  1861 ;  awaiting  orders  to  Angust  22, 
1861 ;  on  duty  as  medical  din^ctor  of  Greneral  Hunter's  command,  in  Missouri,  to  No- 
vember 20, 1861 ;  as  medical  director  Department  of  Kansas,  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  to 
some  time  in  March,  1862;  on  hospital  duty  ai  Saint  Louis,  Mo.,  to  some  time  in  May, 
1862;  at  Washington,  D.  C,  as  attending  surgeon  and  medical  inspector,  to  August 
10,  1863;  as  medical  inspector-general  to  Septem)>er  3, 1863;  as  acting  Surgeon-Gen- 
era!  to  August  22,  1864 ;  and  as  Surgeon-General  United  States  Army  to  June  30, 1882 ; 
when,  by  o|>eration  of  law,  being  over  sixty-four  years  of  age,  he  was  retired  from 
active  service,  under  the  provisions  of  section  1  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June 
30,  l>-82.     He  died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  April  5,  1883,  of  cirrhosis  of  the  kidneys. 

R.  C.  DRUM, 

Adjutant'General, 


[General  Orders  No.  22.] 

Headquarters  of  the  Army, 

Adjutant-General^s  Office, 
JViiskitigtoiiy  April  5,  1883. 

The  following  order  has  been  received  from  the  War  Department,  and  is  published 
to  the  Army : 

Brevet  Major-Geueral  Joseph  K.  Barnes,  brigadier-general.  United  States  Army  (re- 
tire<l),  late  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  died  at  his  residence  in  this  city  at  2  oVlock 
this  morning.  He  entered  the  service  as  assistant  surgeon  June  15, 1840 ;  was  promoted 
surgeon,  with  the  rank  of  major,  August  29,  1856;  medical  inspector,  with  the  rank 
of  lieulenant-colonel,  February  9,  18(3;  medical  inspector-general,  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  Angust  10, 1863 ;  and'  Surgeon-General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general, 
August  *^,  1864.  He  was  retired  nrom  active  service,  by  operation  of  law,  June  30, 
18^. 

He  served  with  distinction  in  the  Florida  war  against  the  Seminole  Indians ;  in  the 
war  with  Mexico,  and  in  the  war  with  the  States  in  rebellion.  For  faithful,  merito- 
rious, and  distinguished  services  in  this  last  war  the  brevets  of  brigadier-general  and 
major-general,  United  States  Army,  were  conferred  upon  him. 

He  was  eminent,  skillful,  and  successful  in  his  profession  as  surgeon  aud  physician, 
and  distinguished  for  great  administrative  ability  as  the  head  of  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment. Under  the  fostering  care  of  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Secretary  of  War,  he  accom- 
Slishtid  the  successful  establishment  of  the  Medical  History  of  the  War,  and  of  the 
[edical  Museum  ;  aud  he  brought  the  Medical  Department  to  the  highest  state  of  ef- 
ficiency. 

During  the  tronblous  times  of  the  late  war  he  earned  the  unbounded  confidence  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  Mr.  Stanton,  and  held  it  unshaken  to  the  last.  At  the  time  of 
the^assassination  of  President  Lincoln,  and  the  attempted  assassination  of  Secretary 
Seward,  he  attended  the  death-bed  of  the  one  and  ministered  with  untiring  energy 
and  pkill  to  the  successful  restoration  of  the  other.  So,  during  the  long  illness  of 
President  Garfield  he  was  one  <>f  the  distinguished  surgeons  who,  for  days  and  nights, 
served  with  devoted  duty  in  the  sick  chamber  of  the  dying  President.  During  uiese 
long-protracted  hours  of  anxiety  and  care  his  own  health  gave  way,  and  from  that 
moment  to  the  lime  of  his  death  he  was  an  invalid.  ^ 

His  career  was  one  of  honor  to  himself  and  of  great  service  to  his  country. 

Bv  command  of  General  Sherman. 

R.  C.  DRUM, 

AdjuUint-  GeneraL 


4dTH  Congress,  )  SENATE.  i  Bbpobt 

Ist  Session.       (  \  No.  554. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Mat  15,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Blaib,  from  the  Oommittee  on  Pensions,  sabmitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

TTo  accompany  bill  H.  R.  5259.] 

The  Oommittee  on  Pensions^  to  whom  was  referred  the  hill  (H.  R.  5259)  grant- 
ing a  pension  to  Julia  A.  Ross,  have  considered  the  same,  and  respectfully 
report: 

The  principal  facts  in  this  case  are  set  forth  in  a  report  of  the  Gom- 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions  (H.  B.  Beport  285,  Forty-seventh  Congress, 
first  session),  which  we  insert  here,  as  follows: 

Julia  A.  Ross  is  the  widow  of  Michael  M.  Ross,  who  enlisted  as  private  in  Company 
I,  Vint  Re^ment  United  States  Artillery,  January  2,  1850,  and  who  died  of  disease 
while  in  said  service,  Au^nst  10,  1852.  The  claimant  has  remained  his  widow  since 
his  death,  and  is  now  quite  aged,  infirm,  and  poor. 

The  claim  was  rejected  because  there  is  no  law  authorizing  the  payment  of  snch 
claim  for  pension. 

In  yiew  of  the  fact  that  claimant's  husband  lost  his  life  while  in  the  military  serv- 
ice of  the  United  States,  the  committee  think  claimant  shonld  be  pensioned,  and 
recommend  the  passage  of  the  bill. 

The  record  evidence  shows  he  died  in  the  service  in  1852,  but  the 
claim  was  rejected  becanse  it  was  during  a  time  of  peace.  We  append 
the  petition  of  claimant,  and  recommend  the  passnge  of  the  bill  with  an 
amendment. 

Amend  by  adding  to  the  bill  the  words,  ^Hhis  pension  to  be  in  full 
of  pension  to  which  she  may  hereafter  become  entitled  by  general  laws." 


Washington,  D.C.,  April  1,  1884. 

Gbntuembn  :  Your  petitioner,  Julia  A.  Ross,  widow  of  the  late  Michael  M.  Ross, 
late  private  in  Company  I,  First  Regiment,  Uniti'd  States  Artillery,  who  died  August 
10,  1852,  with  his  company  at  San  Diego,  Cal.,  begs  leave  to  offer  the  following  state- 
ment, viz : 

The  cause  of  my'husband's  death  was  pneumonia,  contracteil  iu  the  Hue  of  duty 
from  over-exertion  of  double  duty,  acting  as  soldier  and  baker  for  his  company.  Since 
his  death  I  have  remained  a  widow  and  maintained  myself  without  asking  any  aid 
fh>m  Government,  and  supported  a  helpless  family  of  grandchildren  (children  of  a 
soldier),  of  my  sister,  since  ner.death.  Prior  to  her  death  she  was  employed  for  eight- 
een years  in  the  Soldiers'  Orphan  Asylum  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  These  chil- 
dren 1  supported  until  they  were  able  to  take  care  of  themselves.  Also,  my  youngest 
brother^  on  whom  I  depended,  entered  the  United  States  Army  during  the  rebellion. 
Ait-er  his  term  expired  nis  health  was  snch  that  I  was  compelled  to  take  care  of  him 
nntil  his  death.    For  this  I  never  asked  or  received  any  pension. 

These  cases  used  up  all  my  resources  and  left  me  destitute  in  my  old  age,  and  I  am 


JUUA  A.  Bom. 


thfumtun  coBpeDed  to  Appeal  to  jwr  ^ftwity  to  place 
fir  tlw  eerrieee  leodeted  by  wkj  tiMhend  to  hie  eevrtij.  If  I  caa  o^  reeeirB  &• 
of  ay  hoebaad,  wkick  I  tkink  I  aa  jaslly  catiaed  fa,  I  wfll  W  pcrieeti^a*- 
which  I  iMipa  yoar  hoaofmble  bod j  will  gnml  aa  to  aapiimt  wmj  dfieliaiag 


JULIA  A.  S068. 
Hie  Hob.  tbe  CuMMiriiat  ov  FmMsuam, 


48th  Congress,  \  SENATE.  (  Report 

Ist  Session.       \  \  Ko.  556. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  15,  1884. — Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Mitchell,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  fol- 
lowing 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  biU  H.  R.  1065.] 

T?ie  Committee  on  Pensions^  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  (R.  R.  1065) 
granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  Oeorge  F.  Dresser  j  have  considered  the 
sams^  and  report: 

The  facts  in  this  case  are  correctly  set  forth  in  the  report  made  by 
the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives 
during  the  present  session  (H.  Report  No,  260),  as  follows: 

The  petitioner,  George  F.  Dresser,  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  Sep- 
tember 14,  1861,  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  Thirty-fifth  Regiment  New  York  Volun- 
teers, and  was  honorably  discharged  on  the  14th  day  of  September,  1863.  At  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  December  13^  1862,  he  was  wounded  by  a  sheU,  before 
exploding,  his  left  leg  ueing  nearly  cut  on,  and  it  was  subsequently  amputated  by 
reason  of  said  wound.  At  the  same  time  he  was  seriously  wounded  in  the  left  foot. 
He  was  sent  to  Saint  Elizabeth  Hospital,  Washington,  and  was  discharged,  as  above 
stated,  on  the  13th  day  of  September,  1863.  The  petitioner  is  unable- to  wear  an 
artiticial  leg,  the  stump  being  so  short  as  to  render  it  impracticable  to  strap  or  bind 
the  same,  so  as  to  keep  it  in  position.  It  was  repeatedly  tried  and  finally  abandoned, 
and  he  is  obliged  to  walk  with  crutches.  Was  first  allowed  a  pension  of  $8  a  month 
from  the  time  of  his  discharge,  which  was  increased  June  6,  1866,  to  $15,  and  after- 
wards, on  the  10th  day  of  July,  1872,  to  $18.  The  proofs  in  the  case  are  complete, 
and  there  is  no  question  raised  as  to  the  disability  or  of  the  fact  that  he  is  unable  to 
perform  manual  labor.  The  committee  think  it  a  proper  case  for  an  increase  of 
pension,  and  therefore  recommend  the  passage  of  biU  H.  R.  1065. 

The  report  of  the  examining  surgeon  shows  that  the  leg  of  the  claim- 
ant was  amputated  2  inches  below  the  knee,  leaving  a  stump  so  short 
that  he  is  in  a  worse  condition  than  he  would  have  been  had  the  leg 
been  amputated  above  the  knee.  He  is  now  receiving  a  pension  of  $24 
per  month,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March  3, 1883.  It  is  pro- 
posed to  increase  this  amount  to  $30,  the  amount  to  which  the  claimant 
would  be  entitled  under  the  general  law  if  the  amputation  had  been  at 
or  above  the  knee.  Your  committee,  in  view  of  the  great  disability  of 
this  claimant,  believe  that  he  comes  within  the  spirit  though  not  within 
the  letter  of  the  law,  and  recommend  the  passage  of  the  bill. 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  i  Report 

l8t  8tssion.       ]  \  No.  556. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Mat  15, 1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Jackson,  firom  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

The  Committee  on  Pensions j  to  whom  was  re/erred  tJie  petition  of  Mary  J. 
French,  having  carefully  examined  the  samCj  report  a^  follows: 

Mary  J.  French,  widow  of  Dearborn  P.  French,  late  private  in  Com- 
pany B,  Thirty-second  Illinois  Volunteers,  was  pensioned  April  9, 1880, 
at  $8  per  month  from  February  26, 1863,  tne  date  of  the  soldier's  death, 
with  $2  per  month  increase  on  account  of  one  child  under  sixteen  years 
of  age.  The  acts  of  January  25  and  March  3, 1879,  do  not  allow  her 
additional  pension,  and  her  application  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions 
was  rejected  upon  these  grounds. 

In  accordance  with  said  acts  your  committee  recommend  the  indefi- 
nite postponement  of  the  petition. 


48th  Congress,  >  SENATE.  i  Eepobt 

Ut  Session.       )  \  No.  557. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  15,  1884. — Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  GuLLOM,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  S.  1337.  ] 

The  Committee  on  Pensions,  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  {8.  1337)  grant- 
ing an  increase  of  pension  to  Lucy  L.  G.  Jefftrs,  have  had  the  same  un- 
der considerationj  and  report  as  follows: 

Mrs.  Lucy  Le  Grand  Jeffers  is  the  widow  of  the  late  Commodore  Will- 
iam N.  Jefferfi,  who  died  in  Washington,  D.  C,  July  23,  1883.  It  ap- 
pears that  Commodore  Jeffers  entered  the  Navy  September  25,  1840, 
and  when  he  died  was  at  the  bead  of  the  list  of  commodores,  the  grade 
corresponding  to  that  of  brigadier-general  in  the  Army.  The  disease  of 
which  he  died  originated  when  he  was  a  lieutenant,  and  under  the  law 
Mrs.  Jeffers  was  only  allowed  the  pension  of  a  lieutenant's  widow  from 
the  date  of  his  death,  although  her  husband  had  been  four  times  pro- 
moted to  higher  grades.  He  left  his  widow  in  indigent  circumstances, 
with  a  daughter  and  infant  grandchild  wholly  dependent  upon  her,  and 
she  now  asks  that  her  pension  may  be  increased  from  (25  to  (50  per 
month,  and  made  equal  to  the  pensions  voted  by  Congress  to  the  widows 
of  other  general  officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy  under  similar  circum- 
stances. 

Commodore  Jeffers's  record  during  a  period  of  forty-three  years  is  one 
of  exceptionally  distinguished  public  service.  In  1841 ,  while  serving  on 
the  frigate  United  States,  he  participated  in  the  capture  of  Upper  Cali- 
fornia. He  served  on  the  steamer  Vixen  throughout  the  iMexican  war. 
Ib  1853  he  was  ordered  to  the  Brazilian  squadron,  and  placed  in  com- 
mand of  the  surveying  steamer  Water  Witch.  During  this  service  he 
rescued  from  wreck,  with  great  risk  and  exertion,  the  Spanish  war 
steamer  Carthagena,  for  which  service  he  was  permitted  by  Congress  to 
receive  the  thanks  of  the  Queen  of  Spain,  accompanied  by  a  sword  of 
honor. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was  at  home  on  sick  leave,  but 
immediately  applied  foj  active  service,  and  was  ordered  to  take  charge 
of  the  orduance  department  at  the  Norfolk  navy-yard.  He  left  his  bed 
for  this  important  duty,  but  before  he  reached  his  post  the  navy-yard 
was  destroyed.  He  was  then  plaeed  in  command  of  the  steamer  Phila- 
delphia, and  detailed  to  keep  the  Potomac  open.  He  served  for  seven 
months  on  the  frigate  Koauoke,  in  the  engagements  with  the  batteries 
on  Sewell's  Bluff  and  on  the  blockade  off'  Charleston.  As  commander 
of  the  steamer  Underwriter  he  participated  in  a  number  of  battles  under 
Commodore  Ooldsborough  and  Commodore  Rowan.  In  March,  1862, 
after  Lieutenant  Worden  was  disabled,  be  was  notably  distinguished 


•v 


2  LUCY    L.    G.   JEFFKB8. 

above  the  other  lieutenants  on  the  list  by  being  assigned  to  the  oom- 
mand  of  the  Monitor,  and  in  her  joined  in  the  several  engagements  at 
Drurv's  Bluff  under  Commander  John  Rodgers. 

In  ^ptember,  1862,  his  health  forbidding  further  active  service  at 
sea,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  ordnance  department  at  the  Phila- 
delphia navy-yard,  and  in  1863  was  transferred  to  the  Washington  navy- 
yard,  where,  in  connection  with  Dahlgren,  and  as  his  successor,  he  ren- 
dered valuable  service  to  the  country  in  the  manufacture  and  improve- 
ment of  naval  ordnance.  In  April,  1878,  he  was  confirmed  by  the  Sen- 
ate as  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance,  and  held  this  important  post 
for  two  terms,  eight  years. 

Commodore  Jeffers  appreciated  the  importance  of  introducing  im- 
proved types  of  cannon  into  the  Navy,  and  on  becoming  Chief  of  the 
Bureau  at  once  set  about  the  conversion  of  smooth-bore  guns  into  rifles. 
He  also  foresaw  that  breech-loading  was  destined  to  supersede  muzzle- 
loading,  and  all  the  breech-loading  cannon  now  in  use  in  the  Kavy  are 
constructed  on  his  adaptation  of  the  French  ])lan8,  and  the  English 
Government  has  since  been  forced  to  adopt  the  French  plans,  after  long 
resistance.  He  also  saw  the  importance  of  introducing  the  manufacture 
of  cannon  built  entirely  of  steel,  and  shortly  before  he  left  office  de- 
signed the  first  all-steel  gun  of  modern  type  that  was  ever  manufact- 
ured in  this  country.  This  gun  has  since  been  of  great  use  to  the 
Ordnance  Department  in  its  attempts  to  develop  a  proper  grade  of 
powder  for  high-power  guns.  H«  also  introduced  "machine  cannon" 
and  the  modern  magazine  shoulder-rifle  into  the  Navy,  and  is  consid- 
ered to  have  first  proposed  "hexagonal"  gunpowder  for  cannon,  which 
has  long  been  in  use  in  the  Army  and  Navy,  and  which  answered  an 
important  purpose  in  its  day.  His  best  exertions  were  given  to  the 
advancement  of  the  Navy.  During  his  eight  years  of  service  as  Chief 
of  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  he  disbursed  over  four  millions  of  dollars 
without  even  a  charge  of  misappropriation. 

Bear-Admiral  Eodgers  says: 

I  had  the  good  fortune  to  know  Commodore  Jeffers  for  forty  years,  and  I  can  bear 
witness  to  his  conspicuous  merit,  his  courage,  his  untiring  energy,  and  his  professional 
worth.  The  trusts  committed  to  him  by  his  Government,  in  peace  and  in  war,  show 
the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  succeeding  administrations,  and  the  offer  made 
to  him  last  year  of  our  most  important  command  afloat  proves  that  to  the  end  of  his 
career,  even  after  death  had  laid  its  hand  upon  him,  the  Government  he  had  served 
so  faithfully  held  him  equal  to  it«  highest  naval  employment.  •  •  ♦  The  state- 
ment of  Commodore  JefferM^s  service  is  a  curious  record  of  a  naval  officer's  connection 
with  very  important  events,  and  it  proves  the  merit  and  devotion  with  which  he 
aerved  the  Republic  from  his  boyhood  to  his  grave. 

r 


48th  Congbess,  )  SENATE.  i  Kepobt 

1st  Session.       f  i  No.  558. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  15,  1884. — Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Jackson,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  following 

•      REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  S.  1463.  J 

The  Committee  on  Pensions^  to  whom  was  re/erred  the  bill  {8.  1463) /or  the 
relief  of  David  Comprobst^  having  carefully  examined  the  same^  report 
as  follows : 

The  application  in  this  case  for  pension  was  filed  March  31, 1871, 
and  rejected  July  23, 187:^,  because  of  the  evidence  being  unsatisfac- 
tory. The  caite"^ was  subsequently  reopened,  and  the  claim  rejected  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  medical  reviewer,  for  the  reason  that  the 
proof  offered  was  insufficient  to  establish  the  fact  that  the  disability  was 
contracted  in  the  service.  The  case  was  appealed  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  and  that  officer  affirmed  the  decision  of  the  Commissioner 
of  Pensions  in  the  following  language: 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

WashingtOHy  June  21,  1883. 

Sir  :  Herewith  are  returned  the  papers  which  accompanied  yoar  report  of  April  17, 
18h3,  upon  the  appeal  of  David  Comprobst,  of  Wyandotte,  Kans.,  fh>m  the  action  of 
yoar  office  rejectiuc;  his  claim  for  pension,  No.  1^4522. 

It  appears  that  the  appellant  enlisted  AngUHt  11,  1862,  in  Company  £,  One  hundred 
and  seventh  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers,  and  was  discharged  June  21,  l*-^. 

He  filed  a  claim  for  pension  March  31,  1871,  alleging  disability  from  inflammatory 
rheumatism  contracted  in  the  military  service.  His  claim  was  rejected  Jul^  2^i,  1872, 
on  the  ground  that  the  evidence  was  not  satinfactory.  Subsequently  additional  evi- 
dence was  filed  and  the  case  was  reopened,  and  was  again  rejected  September  23,  1882, 
on  the  ground  of  there  bein^  no  record  and  inability  to  furnish  evidence  showing 
treatment  in  the  service  or  since  discharge,  or  satisfactory  evidence  showing  incur- 
rence  in  the  service.     From  the  above  action  the  appeal  is  made. 

After  a  careful'review  of  all  the  papers  in  the  case  the  Department  is  of  the  opinion 
that  the  evidence  is  not  sufficient  t<>  show  that  the  appellant  is  suffering  witn  any 
disability  contracted  in  the  military  s»'rvice  and  in  the  line  of  duty. 

The  rejection  of  the  claim  is  affirmed. 
Very  respectfully, 

H.  M.  TELLER, 

Secretary. 

The  Commissioner  of  Pensions. 

The  case  stands  on  this  application  for  special  relief  upon  the  same 
state  of  facts  upon  which  the  claim  was  rejected  by  the  Department. 
No  new  additional  evidence  in  support  of  the  claim  is  produced,  and 
the  committee  are  called  upon  simply  to  review  the  action  of  the  Pen- 
sion Bureau  and  of  the  Interior  Department,  and  determine  whether 
their  decision  in  rejecting  the  claim  was  correct. 


i 


2  DAVID   COMPROB8T 

The  committee  have  carefally  examined  the  evidence  on  file  in  the 
papers,  and  find  that  there  is  no  error  in  the  adverse  oondosion  reached 
by  the  tribunal  established  by  law  to  consider  and  act  npon  sach  mat- 
ters. The  evidence  fails  to  show  that  the  alleged  disabilities,  for  which 
pension  is  asked,  were  contracted  in  the  service,  and  the  committee  ac- 
cordingly recommend  that  the  bill  do  not  pass,  but  be  indefinitely  post- 
poned by  the  Senate. 


48th  Congress,  \  SENATE.  i  Ebport 

Ut  Session.       f  •  )  No.  659. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  15,  1884.—  Ordered  to  be  printed. 

Mr.  Slater,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  following^ 

REPORT: 

[To  acconipaDy  bill  H.  R.  1751.1 

The  Committee  on  Pensions j  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  {H.  R.  1751)  in- 
creasing the  pension  of  William  B.  Brotcnej  have  had  the  same  wilder 
consideration^  and  report : 

That  said  Browne  was  placed  on  the  pension-roll  by  special  act  of 
Congress,  approved  February  7, 1879. 

Browne  was  appointed  acting  master  in  the  Navy  May  13, 1861,  on 
board  the  Water  Witch,  and  on  the  6th  of  November,  1862,  he  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  Eestless.  He  was  promoted  to  the  position  ot 
acting  volunteer  lieutenant  February  6,  1864,  and  assigned  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Pursuit,  and  honorably  discharged  September  16, 1865. 

His  claim  for  a  pension  was  rejected  by  the  Pension  Office  on  the 
ground  of  failure  to  furnish  the  evidence  of  a  naval  surgeon,  showing 
that  his  disability  (hemorrhoids)  was  contracted  in  the  service.  He  ap- 
pealed to  Congress,  and  obtained  a  special  act  placing  him  on  the  pen- 
sion-roll. In  rating  his  disability  in  the  Pension  Office  it  was  fixed  at 
three-fourths  total,  equivalent  to  (22.50  per  month. 

With  this  rating  he  is  dissatisfied,  and  now  seeks  further  relief  by 
special  act.  Whatever  may  be  the  real  facts  in  his  case,  your  commit- 
tee think  that  it  is  unwise  for  Congress  to  attempt  to  peiform  the  duties 
of  examining  surgeons,  or  to  enter  upon  the  rating  of  pensioners'  disa- 
bilities. Certainly  Congress  has  gone  far  enough  when  it  by  special  act 
places  a  person  upon  the  pension-roll  subject  to  the  conditions  and  lim- 
itations of  the  pension  laws.  It  possesses  no  machinery  adapted  to 
determining  the  ratability  of  pensioners'  disabilities.  The  Pension  Office 
18  amply  qualified  to  do  this  work,  and  fully  supplied  with  the  means  of 
reaching  just  conclusions.  This  increase  was  reported  against  in  the 
Senate  in  March,  1880.    (See  Senate  Report  358,  Forty-sixth  Congress.) 

For  the  foregoing  reasons  your  committee  recommend  that  the  bill  do 
not  pass. 

O 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  (  Eeport 

1st  Session.       |  I  No.  560. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OP  THE  XJNITED  STATES. 


May  19,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Blaib^  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  aocompany  biU  S.  1225.] 

The  Committee  on  Pensions,  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  (S.  1225) 
granting  pension  to  Mary  Hopperton,  widow  of  Edward  Hopperton, 
report  the  same  favorably,  with  the  recommendation  that  the  same 
do  pass.    The  facts  in  the  case  are  as  follows : 

At  the  commencement  of  hostilities  with  Mexico,  in  1845,  Edward 
Hopperton,  then  the  husband  of  the  petitioner,  was  engaged  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  army  wagons  and  ambulances  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  under  con- 
tract with  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  United  States  Army.  At 
the  earnest  solicitation  of  Capt.  James  E.  Irwin,  assistant  quartermas- 
ter, Onited  States  Army,  subsequently  chief  quartermaster  of  Oeneral 
Scott'K  army  in  Mexico,  he  left  his  home  and  his  business  and  proceeded, 
with  a  number  of  mechanics,  to  Corpus  Christi,  Tex.,  to  superintend  the 
mannfacture  of  the  wagons  preparatory  to  the  march  of  the  army  of  oc- 
cupation. 

When  the  army  of  Oeneral  Scott  sailed  for  Vera  Cruz,  Mr.  Hopperton 
again  yielded  to  Captain  Irwin's  earnest  request  to  attend  to  a  like  im* 
IH>rtant  duty  (for  which  he  was  unusually  well  qualified)  in  that  army, 
and  accompanied  Capt.  A.  R.  Hetzel,  acting  quartermaster,  XJoitea 
States  Army,  in  the  capacity  of  master  wheelwright,  and  is  so  borne 
on  the  rolls  of  that  officer  and  the  succeeding  chief  quartermasters  of 
Vera  Cruz,  from  February  27, 1847,  till  the  time  of  his  death,  August 
20,  1847.  He  appears  to  have  shared  in  the  dangers  of  the  bombard- 
ment of  Vera  Cruz,  and  the  public  records  show  that  he  must  have  ren- 
dered valuable  services  to  the  army  in  fitting  up  the  vast  trains  of 
wagons  and  ambulances  required  to  transport  supplies  and  munitions 
of  war  and  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  on  their  march  to  the  city  of 
Mexico.  During  the  campaign  embracing  the  magnificent  military  op- 
erations which  were  initiated  by  the  capture  of  Vera  Crnz,  and  which 
culminated  in  the  military  occnpation  of  the  city  of  Mexico  and  such 
incalculable  benefits  to  the  United  States,  Mr.  Hopperton  remained  at 
Vera  Cruz  in  the  discharge  of  his  important  duties  at  that  place,  which 
constituted  the  base  of  supplies  to  the  army. 

Every  available  soldier  was  at  the  front,  and  the  Mexicans  were  con- 
tiniially  threatening  Vera  Cruz  and  the  line  of  march  of  the  army.  It 
therefore  became  necessary  to  impress  the  employes  of  the  Oovemment 
in  the  Quartermaster's  Department.  They  were  placed  under  military 
orders,  discipline,  and  driU,  and  from  time  to  time  they  were  required 
to  perform  the  active  duties  of  a  soldier.    In  this  dual  capacity  Mr. 


2  MARY   HOPPEBTON. 

Hopperton,  with  others,  served  the  country  under  orders  l^o.  2,  Head- 
quarters Department  of  Vera  Cruz,  dated  May  7, 1847,  up  to  andinclnd- 
mg  the  time  of  his  death.  The  order  under  which  he  thus  served  the 
country  was  imperative  in  it6  terms,  and  required  troops  and  all  others 
to  turn  out  in  case  of  alarm.  The  service  thus  rendered  would  seem  to 
have  been  compulsory. 

The  following  affidavit  of  George  Merritt,  who  was  himself  enrolled 
a  master  carpenter  under  Capt.  A.  E.  Hetzel,  and  who  wa«  also  captaiii 
of  the  company  of  mechanics  in  which  Mr.  Hopperton  served,  is  before 
the  committee.    He  says  that  he  *'  knew  the  master  wheelwright  (Mr. 
Hopperton)  intimately,  and  all  the  master  mechanics  in  the  department 
When  the  order  was  issued,  in  May,  1847,  for  all  persons  in  Government 
employment  to  turn  out  under  arms,  the  mechanics  were  all  quartered 
in  the  convent  of  St.  Augustine,  of  which  I  had  charge,  and  thus  be- 
came acquainted  with  all  the  men,  about  IpO  in  number.    •     •     •    We 
were  all  mustered  for  military  duty,  armed  and  equipped  for  service, 
and  turned  out  at  every  alarm.    In  fact,  we  were  at  all  times  doubly 
employed  as  mechanics,  &c.,  and  doing  garrison  duty  as  soldiers  under 
military  authority,  I  acting  as  captain  of  the  company  of  mechanics.    I 
do  further  state  that  we  were  formed  into  a  company  before  Vera  Cruz 
was  taken,  and  afterwards  in  the  city  we  had  an  armory,  and  an  armorer 
by  the  name  of  Brown  to  take  care  of  our  arms,  and  we  drilled  every 
Saturday  afternoon  when  not  hurried  with  work." 

Other  evidence  before  the  committee  shows  that  this  company,  armed 
and  mounted  as  rangers,  accompanied  a  detachment  of  regular  troops 
to  the  interior  on  an  expedition  organized  to  break  up  a  camp  of  guer- 
rillas which  threatened  the  city  and  the  communications  with  the  in- 
terior. 

While  engaged  in  this  double  service,  Mr.  Hopperton  died  of  yellow 
fever  at  Vera  Cruz,  August  20,  1847. 

This  double  service  seems  to  have  been  of  an  exacting  character,  and 
if  service  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  with  an  army  of  occupation 
in  an  enemy's  country,  could  in  any  sense  be  called  civil  service,  it  is 
difficult  to  see  how,  when  the  same  man  rendered  a  civil  service  martial 
in  its  character,  superadding  to  that  compulsory  subjection  to  all  the 
demands  and  duties  imposed  on  an  enlisted  man,  and  actually  serving 
as  such,  can  be  said  not  to  have  been  in  the  military  service  also.  The 
logic  of  the  conclusion  of  the  minority  committee  goes  to  this  length: 
That  if  a  man  renders  service  to  the  country  in  both  a  civil  and  a  military 
capacity,  he  therefore  renders  service  in  neither  a  military  nor  a  civU 
capacity'.  The  truth  is  that  Mr.  Hopperton  rendered  double  service 
and  in  both  capacities.  Certainly,  if  he  was  a  volunteer  in  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department,  he  was  not  a  volunteer  in  the  sense  that  he 
could  escape  the  obligation  of  service  therein  at  will,  and  if  his  service 
in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  was  voluntary,  his  impressment  into 
garrison  duty,  whereby  he  saved  the  Government  the  service  of  an  en- 
listed man,  and  in  the  performance  of  which  he  lost  his  life,  can  be  no 
ground  for  denying  to  his  widow  that  equitable  relief  whicn  the  Gov- 
ernment would  have  owed  him,  without  doubt,  had  he  been  an  enlisted 
man  and  nothing  else. 

Mr.  Hopperton  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of  property  and  large 
business  capacity,  who  assumed  the  performance  of  duties  far  below 
bis  actual  capacity  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the  officers  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, and  from  the  most  patriotic  motives.  In  so  doing  he  destroyed 
his  business,  sacrificed  his  property,  and  lost  his  life.  His  widow  is 
aged  and  penniless,  and  is  alone,  without  means  of  support. 


MARY   HOPPERTON.  3 

Very  few  men  contributed  more  largely  than  her  husband  to  our  suc- 
cess in  the  Mexican  war,  and  to  our  enormous  accretions  of  territory, 
population,  wealth,  and  glory  which  have  resulted  from  it. 

Besides  his  service  and  his  life,  he  seems  to  have  contributed  directly 
to  the  Government  a  considerable  amount  of  property,  for  which  his 
widow  made  claim,  but  which  has  been  disallowed. 

The  petitioner  asks  pension  from  the  death  of  her  husband,  but,  mind- 
ful of  the  temper  of  Congress,  which  is  to  deny  am  ars  of  pensions  in 
most  cases,  and  being  anxious  that  partial  justice  be  done  to  the  claim- 
ant, we  recommend  the  passage  of  the  accompanying  bill,  granting  to 
ber  pension  at  the  rate  of  $8  per  mouth  from  and  after  its  passage,  the 
bill  being  amended  accordingly. 


Mr.  Jackson,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  sabmitted  the  following 

VIEWS   OF   THE   MINORITY: 

The  undersigned^  not  concurring  in  the  report  of  the  majority  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Pensions  on  bill  IS.  1225,  respectfully  submit  the  foUouing  as 
their  views : 

This  case  was  fully  considered  dnring  the  Forty-fifth  Conii^ress,  was 
adversely  reported,  and  the  report  adopted  by  the  Senate.  It  was  again 
before  Congress  at  the  first  session  of  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  was 
again  ejcamined  by  the  committee,  and  again  reported  advernely.  This 
last  report  (No.  437)  correctly  sets  forth  the  facts  on  which  the  applica- 
tion is  rested,  and  the  grounds  of  its  rejection,  and  is  here  adopted,  as 
follows : 

Mr.  Platt,  from  the  Committee  on  PensionB,  submitted  the  following  report : 

The  Committee  on  PentionBf  to  whom  was  referred  the  petition  of  Marg  Hoppertonfor  a  pen" 

eioUy  having  examined  the  same,  report : 

The  petitioner  applied  by  petition  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress  for  a  pension,  and  the 
Committee  on  Pensions  reported  as  follows : 

"That  the  petitioner  alleges  that  she  is  the  widow  of  Edward  Hoppei-ton,  who,  at 
the  earnest  solicitation  of  Capt.  James  R.  Irwin,  Gktneral  Scott's  chief  quarterinaster 
in  Mexico,  left  his  business  at  Cincinnati,  went  to  Corpus  Christi,  Tex.,  Ui  bnild  wag- 
ons and  ambulances  for  the  army  of  occupation,  and  subsequently  left  with  siiid  army 
in  the  employ  thereof  as  master  wheelwright,  and  continued  in  said  last-named  nerv- 
Ice  from  February  27,  ld47,  till  the  20th  of  August  of  the  same  year;  also  thar  he  bore 
arms  as  a  volunteer  under  orders  No.  2,  Headquarters  Department  of  Vera  Crnz,  dated 
8th  May,  1847,  which  directed  the  troops  and  all  others  so  required  to  turn  out  under 
arms  in  case  of  alarm. 

"  The  records  of  the  Quartermaster-G^neraPs  Office  show  that  Edward  Hopperton 
was  employed,  as  alleged,  as  master  wheelwright  for  the  period  named,  at  $60  per 
month,  and  that  he  died  at  Vera  Cruz  August  20,  1847. 

'^Evidence  of  petitioner's  marriage  to  deceased  is  produced. 

**The  petitioner  prays  relief  at  the  rate  of  $S  per  month  from  August  20,  1847,  to 
the  date  of  granting  said  relief. 

**  The  Commissioner  of  Pensions  reports  that  claim  for  pension  was  rejected  in  1849, 
as  there  is  no  provision  of  law  granting  her  a  pension. 

'*  There  is  no  doubt  this  man  died  of  disease  contracted  while  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  but  the  service  iu  which  he  was  engaged  was  civil  and  not  military. 
He  may  on  a  single  occasion  have  rendered,  as  a  volunteer,  some  military  service,  but 
there  is  not  any  pretense  that  the  disease  of  which  he  died  was  contracted  on  that 
occasion. 

**  The  committee  recommend  that  the  bill  be  indefinitely  postponed.'' 

The  report  was  adopted  by  the  Senate,  and  since  that  time  the  petitioner  ban  filed 
some  additional  evidence  in  support  of  her  claim  for  a  peiisiim,  but  the  additional 
evidence  does  not  prove  that  he  contracted  the  disease  of  which  he  died  in  the  mili- 
tary service.  Your  committee  therefore  recommend  the  adoption  of  the  following  res- 
olution : 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  be  discharged  from  the  further  consideration  of  the 
petition  of  Mary  Hopperton  for  pension. 

4 


48th  Congress,  \  SENATE.  (  Eepobt 

1st  Session.       )  )  No.  561. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  19,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Fair,  from  the  Committee  on  Claims,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  S.  1580.] 

The  Committee  on  Claims j  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  {8. 1580) /or  tJie 
relief  of  John  H.  Ktnkeadj  of  Nevada^  and  others,  having  had  the  same 
under  consideration^  beg  leave  to  submit  the  following  report: 

This  bill  concerns  two  separate  claims  of  similar  character:  that  of 
Jobn  H.  Kinkead  and  Samuel  Sussman,  and  that  of  Charles  O.  Wood. 
[Both  claims  are  for  the  rent  and  value  of  certain  buildings  in  Sitka, 
Alaska.    The  facts  in  relation  to  the  matter  are  a«  follows : 

By  the  treaty  of  March  30, 1867,  between  the  United  States  and  Eus- 
8ia  (Public  Treaties  of  the  United  States,  p.  671),  providing  for  the  ces- 
sion of  Alaska,  provision  was  made  lor  the  cession  of — 

All  public  buildings,  fortifications,  barracks,  and  other  edifices  which  are  not  pri- 
-vate  individual  property.     (Article  i,  p.  672.) 

And  by  article  4  of  the  same  treaty,  p.  673 : 

His  Majesty,  the  Emperor  of  all  the  Russias,  shall  appoint,  with  convenient  des- 
patch, an  agent  or  agents  for  the  purpose  of  forniully  delivering  to  a  similar  agent  or 
agents  appointed  on  behalf  of  the  Unii-ed  States,  the  territory,  dominion,  property, 
dependeucif  8,  and  appurtenances  which  are  ceded  as  above,  and  for  doing  any  other 
act  which  may  be  necesnary  in  regard  thereto. 

The  agents  provided  for  by  this  article  performed  their  duty,  and  their 
report  is  contained  in  House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  125,  Fortieth  Congress,  sec- 
ond session.  These  agents  of  the  two  Governments  carefully  invento- 
ried all  the  buildings  in  the  Territory,  and  made  separate  inventories  of 
the  public  property  in  the  town  of  Sitka,  the  property  of  the  Gneco- 
Bussian  Church  in  Sitka,  and  the  ])rivate  property  in  Sitka.  In  the  last- 
named  list  were  included  the  warehouse  numbered  as  building  No.  1  of 
that  town  and  the  dwelling  house  known  as  No.  24.  These  buildings 
were  the  private  property  of  the  Hussian-American  Company,  a  trading 
corporation  having  extensive  i>rivileges  in  that  Territory,  and  vested 
also  with  certain  rights  of  government.  The  buildings  used  for  public 
and  governmental  purposes  by  this  company  were  doubtless  included 
within  the  words  of  the  treaty  providing  for  the  cession  of  all  such  public 
property.  Buildings,  however,  used  by  them  for  private  trading  pur- 
poses were  private  property,  which  under  the  terms  of  the  treaty  and  by 
every  principle  of  public  law  known  to  your  committee  were  not  forfeited 
or  transferred  by  the  treaty,  but  remained  vested  in  their  original  own- 
ers without  change  of  proprietorship  by  the  treaty.  The  agents  ap- 
XK)inted  to  deliver  on  the  one  hand  and  receive  on  the  other  the  public 
property  evidently  took  this  view  of  the  matter,  and,  as  we  have  stated. 


1 


2  JOHN   H.    KINKEAD. 

separated  the  public  and  the  private  property.    Their  decision  on  the 
question  of  what  was  public  and  what  private  property  is,  in  the  opinion 
of  your  committee,  conclusive,  and  not  subject  to  review  before  any 
other  authority  or  tribunal.    When,  therefore,  they  found  and  declared, 
as  they  did,  that  these  building,  Nos.  1  and  24,  were  private  indi\idual 
pro|»erty,  tliat  decision  must  be  accepted  as  conclusive  of  the  question. 
Relying  upon  this  decision,  the  claimants  Kinkead  and  Sussman  pur- 
chased from  the  Russian-American  Company,  acting  through  their  chief 
administrator.  Prince  Duritry  Maksontoff,  the  warehouse  No.  1,  just  men- 
tioned.   The  deed  was  tsiken  in  the  name  of  Louis  Sloss,  but  Mr.  SIoss, 
in  his  testimony  before  the  Court  of  Claims,  expressly  disclaims  all  owner- 
ship in  the  building;  and  it  fully  appears  that  the  title  was  taken  in  his 
name  for  purposes  of  business  convenience,  and  that  the  money  was  paid 
by  Mfssrs.  Kinkead  &  Sussman,  and  that  they  exercised  over  it  every 
substantial  right  of  ownership.    They  subsequently  lease<l  a  portion  of 
the  building  to  Hiram  Ketclium,  jr.,  collector  of  customs  at  tlie  port  of 
Sitka,  for  a  custom  house,  at  the  rate  of  $200  per  mouth,  which  is 
shown  by  the  evidence  to  have  been  a  reasonab'e  rent,  the  building  be- 
ing a  large  one,  the  necessities  of  the  Government  for  such  a  building 
imperative,  and  the  demaud  for  buildings  in  Sitka  at  that  time  far  in 
excess  of  the  supjily.     By  this  time,  however,  the  theory  seems  to  have 
been  started  in  some  of  the  Departments  at  Washington  that  this  build- 
ing was  public  property*  and  should  be  claimed  as  such;  and  when  the 
lease  which  had  been  tiiken  by  the  collector  of  customs  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  act  of  March  2, 1799  (§  21, 1  Stat.  L.,  p.  642),  was  submitted 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury*  for  his  approval,  he  declined  to  approve 
it.    Instead,  however,  of  directing  that  the  building  should  be  vacated 
and  possession  restored  to  the  owners,  which  would  seem  to  have  been 
the  unly  equitable  disposition  of  the  matter  after  they  had  surrendered 
possession  on  the  faith  of  their  lea^e  to  the  United  States,  he  directed 
the  collector  to  continue  in  possession,  and  to  hold  the  part  of  the  build- 
ing which  he  occupied  as  public  property.    A  short  time  afterwanls  Gren- 
eial  Jefferson  C  Davis,  then  in  command  of  the  Department  of  Alaska, 
seized  all  the  remaining  part  of  the  warehouse  m  question  not  already 
Oi'.cupied  for  a  customhouse,  and  turned  the  same  to  military  purposes, 
and  it  has  ever  since  been  occupied  substantially  in  that  manner.    It 
has  never  been  returned  to  the  owners,  nor  has  any  rent  ever  been  paid 
for  its  occupancy. 

The  case  of  Charles  O.  Wood  is  precisely  the  same  as  that  of  Kinkead 
and  Sussman,  with  the  exception  that  no  part  of  his  building  w;is  ever 
lease<l  to  the  customs  de])artment.  He  purchased  the  building  from 
the  Kussian-American  Company  through  Prince  Maksontoff,  paid  for  it, 
and  received  a  deed  in  his  own  name,  and  the  whole  building  was  sub- 
se(|uently  seized  from  him  by  General  Davis.  The  parties  subsequently 
brought  suit  in  the  Court  of  Claims  to  recover  rent  as  on  an  implied  con- 
tract. Full  proof  was  thrre  ma<leof  all  the  facts  above  stated,  and  the 
amount  of  reasonable  rent  for  the  buildings  was  shown  to  be  as  stated 
in  the  bill  now  reported.  The  court,  however,  held  that  the  case  was 
not  within  their  jurisdiction,  as  being  founded  on  a  tort  rather  than  on 
an  implied  contract,  and  that  for  that  reason  they  had  no  jurisdiction 
of  the  case.  They  farther  held  that  jurisdiction  was  denied  to  them  by 
se(jtion  1000  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  declaring  that  the  juris<liction  of 
that  court  "shall  not  extend  to  auy  claim  against  the  Government  • 
•  •  depending  on  any  treaty  stipulations  entered  into  with  foreign 
nations."  Without  questioning  the  correctness  of  the  ])osition  thus 
taken  by  the  Court  of  Claims  as  to  its  jurisdiction,  it  seems  sufficient  to 


JOHN   H.   KINKEAD.  O 

U8  to  say  that  the  evidence  taken  by  the  claimants  in  their  cases  in  that 
court,  findings  of  fact  made  by  the  Court  of  Claims,  and  the  report  of 
the  agent  of  the  Unitiid  States  appointed  to  receive  the  cession  of  Ahiska, 
contained  in  House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  125,  Fortieth  Congress,  second  ses- 
sion, above  referred  to,  fully  established  the  title  of  the  claimants  to  the 
property  in  question,  and  the  amount  of  rent  which  they  ought  to  re- 
ceive for  the  use  of  their  buildings.  As  the  Government  is  now  in  the 
occupancy  of  these  buildings,  and  needs  them  for  public  purposes,  it  is 
provided  in  the  bill  that  the  reasonable  value  of  the  buildings  shall  be 
paid  to  the  claimants  upon  their  executing  a  release  to  the  United  States 
of  all  right,  title,  and  interest  in  and  to  the  property. 

We  may  mention  further  in  support  of  our  views  that  they  are  the 
same  as  those  taken  by  the  AttorneyGeueml  of  the  United  States  in  a 
learned  opinion  dated  September  27,  1873,  and  reported  in  the  14th 
Opinions  of  the  Attorneyslieneral,  p.  302,  in  which  he  held  that  the 
bnildings  inventoried  as  private  property  in  the  protocol  of  transfer  of 
Russia  to  the  United  States,  to  which  we  have  above  allu^led,  and  among 
which  are  the  buildings  Nos.  1  and  24,  above  mentioned,  remained  the 
private  property  of  that  company  after  the  cession,  and  was  capable  of 
being  transferred  by  it  like  other  private  property. 

Your  committee,  concurring  in  these  views,  and  being  satisfied,  after 
&  careful  examination,  of  the  justice  of  these  claims,  report  back  the 
bill  favorably,  with  an  amendment  in  the  foim  of  a  substitute. 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  i  Report 

Ist  SeJiHion,       j  (  No.  562. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  19,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Mahone,  from  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Oround£<^^ 

submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  biUS.  1978.1 

The  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds^  to  whom  teas  referred 

bill  8. 1978,  respectfully  report : 

That  in  view  of  the  information  and  suggestions  contained  in  the  an- 
nexed communications  from  the  Department  of  Justice,  the  committee 
report  the  bill  (S.  1978)  with  amendment,  and  recommend  that  it  do 
pass. 


Department  of  Justice, 

Washingionf  May  14, 1884. 

Sir  :  I  ha^the  honor  to  retnm  herewith  the  copy  of  Senate  bill  No.  1978,  and  other 
papers  received  from  you  on  the  9th  instant,  relating  to  the  proposed  partition  of  cer- 
tain land  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  the  ownership  of  which  is  held  in  common  by  John  Echols 
and  the  United  States.  I  perceive  nothing  objectionable  in,  and  suggest  no  modifica- 
tion of,  tlie  provisions  of  the  bill  for  effecting  that  object.  In  addition  to  the  above- 
mentioned  papers,  I  transmit  also  a  communication  received  from  the  United  States 
attorney  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  dated  the  8th  instant,  answering  certain  questions  snb- 
mitted  by  your  committee. 

I  tim,  sir,  very  respectftilly, 

BENJAMIN  HARRIS  BREWSTER, 

Attamey-GeneraL 

Hon.  Wm.  Mahoxb, 

Chairman  of  Senate  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds, 


Office  of  United  States  District  Attorney, 

Louisville,  Ky,,  May  8,  1884. 

Sir  :  In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the  Ist  instant,  directing  me  to  reply  to  certain  anes- 
tions  submitted  by  the  Senate  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Qrounds,  with  a 
view  to  their  information  in  the  consideration  of  Senate  bill  1^8,  I  have  the  honor  to 
submit  the  following  report : 

1.  In  answer  to  tne  first  question,  as  to  the  title  of  the  United  States  and  John 
Echols  respectively  in  the  Rowao's  Basin  property,  I  report  that  the  United  States, 
as  the  owner  of  the  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  and  the  t>wner  of  all  the  stock  of 
the  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  Company,  is  entitled  to  all  the  interest  of  the 
canal  company  in  the  property  under  consideration.  The  canal  company,  by  deed 
from  Robert  H.  Campbell  and  wife,  dated  December  16,  1867  (Deedbook  135,  page 
423),  acquired  an  undivided  one- fourth  part  of  Rowan's  Basin  on  the  canal,  be-\ 
ginning  at  the  head  of  the  canal  and  extending  *' westwardly  to  Eleventh  street.'' 
By  deed  from  Geo.  L.  Douglass,  dated  April  29,  1868  (Deed-book  137.  p.  4Q%V  ^Vi<^ 
company  obtained  an  undivided  one-eighth  part  of  Rowan?%  BvaVh,  \>^vii\^  ^  ^!^2cv^ 


2  LAND   IN   LOUISVILLE,    KY. 

of  land  beginning  at  or  near  the  head  of  thei  canal,  near  Ninth  oroas  street,  and  lying 
adjacent  to  said  canal,  on  the  south  side  thereof,  and  running  westwardly  with  the 
line  of  said  canal  to  the  termination  of  said  slip  designated  as  Rowan's  Basin.  The 
United  States  owns,  therefore,  an  undivided  three-eiffhths  interest  in  the  tract,  and tiie 
remaining  five-eighths  have  been  conveyed  to  John  £chols  as  follows :  One-sixth  by 


deed  from  E.  H.  Boone  et  al.,  October  21,  1882  (Deed-book  255,  p.  134) :  one-eixth  by 
deed  from  R.  B.  Rowan,  truatee,  et  al.y  November  1,  1882  (Deed-book  254,  p.  3^); 
one-sixth  by  deed  from  Rowan  Buchanan  et  al.j  October  11,  1882  (Deed-book  254,  p. 
362),  and  one-eighth  by  deed  from  S.  J.  Broad  well  et  al,  (Deed-book  254.  p.  602). 

2.  In  answer  to  the  second  inquiry,  as  to  the  acreage  and  value  of  tne  tract,  I  re- 
port that  its  exact  boundary  is  not  obtainable,  as  none  of  the  deeds  which  refer  to  it 
describes  it  by  metes  and  bounds.  It  is  usually  described  as  the  tract  of  land  known 
as  Rowan's  Basin.  By  referring  to  the  deeds  of  record  to  property  adioininff  the  Ba- 
'  sin  it  is  possible  to  approximate  to  the  exact  boundary.  A  tract  marxed  **  Basin''  is 
shown  on  a  map  of  Jonn  Rowan's  enlargement  to  the  city  of  Louisville,  a  section  of 
which  map  is  copied  herein,  with  an  open  space  between  it  and  the  lots  immediately 
south  of  it,  apparently  intended  tot  a  stveet.    This  map  is  of  record  in  the  Jefferson 


LAND   IN   LOUISVILLE,    KY.  3 

County  clerk's  office  (Deed-book  II,  p.  3d).  The  open  space  south  of  the  Basin  was 
desired  apparently  as  a  continuation  of  Water  street,  tne  former  street  of  that  name 
having  been  occupied  by  the  canal  between  Ninth  and  Tenth  streets.  The  contract 
between  John  Rowan  and  the  canal  company,  together  with  the  testimony  in  the 
case  of  Rowan  v«.  The  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  Company,  No.  40349  in  the  Jef- 
ferson circuit  court,  and  in  case  No.  2323  in  the  Louisville  chancery  court,  show  with 
reasonable  certainty  that  the  companv  agreed  to  and  did  construct  a  street  in  lieu  of 
Water  street,  around  the  south  edge  of  the  Basin,  on  land  furnished  by  Rowan.  The 
lots  south  of  this  street  have  been  sold  to  various  persons^  and  conveyed  by  metes 
and  bounds.  The  area  of  the  Basin  property,  therefore,  is  limited  by  the  canal  prop- 
erty on  the  north  and  by  the  boundaries  or  the  lots  on  the  south,  as  described  in 
the  deeds  therefor,  deducting  a  30-foot  space  around  the  southern  edge  for  Water 
street.  This  area,  according  to  a  calculation  which  I  believe  to  be  correct,  and 
which  is  made  upon  the  basis  of  the  recent  survey  of  the  canal  property,  made  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  superintendent  of  the  canal,  amounts  to  53,618  square  feet, 
three-eighths  of  which  is  20,106  square  feet,  and  of  which  area  16,123  square  feet  are 
now  occupied  by  the  canal,  and  to  3.893  square  feet  of  which  the  (Government  is  en- 
titled if  tne  partition  be  made  on  the  basis  of  area. 

It  is  impossible  to  fix  with  any  degree  of  accuracy  the  value  of  this  property.  It 
is  fit  only  for  use  by  the  canal,  for  a  coal  elevator,  or  for  a  railroad.  Wnen  required 
for  such  a  purpose  it,  of  course,  commands  a  very  high  price.  If  not  so  required,  it 
ia  comparatively  valueless. 

3.  In  answer  to  the  third  inquiry,  as  to  whether  it  affbrds  opportunity  for  equitable 
division,  I  report  that,  in  my  opinion,  it  does. 

4.  In  reply  to  the  fourth  inquiry,  as  to  whether  it  is  to  the  better  interest  of  the 
United  States  to  allow  partition  in  kind  or  to  have  the  land  sold,  I  report  that,  ac- 
cording to  the  maps  of  the  United  States  Engineer  office,  nearly  the  whole  length  of 
the  Basin  property  is  encroached  upon  by  the  south  wall  of  the  canal,  and  in  some 
places  by  the  canal  itself.  I  thererore  deem  it  decidedly  to  the  better  interest  of  the 
United  States  to  allow  partition  in  kind. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully, 

GEO.  M.  THOMAS, 
United  States  Attorney^ 
Hon.  Benjamin  Harris  Brewster, 

Attorney 'General  f  Waehingtony  D,  C, 


48th  OoNGBESSy )  SENATE.  /  Bepobt 

1st  SeMion.       )  I  No.  563. 


m  THE  SENATE  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Mat  20,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  priDted. 


Mr.  Maxby,  from  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  submitted  the  fol- 
lowing 

REPORT: 

[To  aoeompany  bill  8.  644.] 

The  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  (S. 
644)  for  the  relief  of  the  administrator  of  the  estate  of  John  W.  Dear, 
deceased,  have  carefally  considered  the  same]  and,  in  accordance  with 
the  resolution  of  the  Senate  of  February  7, 1»84,  report  as  follows : 

That  they  have  referred  the  same  to  the  Court  of  Claims  under  the 
provisions  of  an  act  entitled  <<An  act  to  afford  assistance  and  relief  to 
Congress  and  the  Executive  Departments  in  the  investigation  of  claims 
and  demands  against  the  Ooverument,"  approved  March  3, 1883. 


48th  Congress,  \       '  SENATE.  i  Keport 


IK  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  21, 1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Manderson,  from  the  Oommittee  on  Olaims,  Babmitted  the  fol- 
lowing 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  8.  1648.] 

The  Committee  on  ClaimB,  to  whom  was  referredj^Senate  bill  1648,  for 
the  relief  of  Mrs.  Sallie  H.  Palmer,  providing  for  the  payment  of  $1,440, 
being  for  two  years'  services  under  appointment  as  laborer  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  ^biterior,  having  folly  considered  the  same,  would  submit 
the  following  report: 

The  claimant  made  similar  application  for  relief  to  Congress  at  the 
second  session  of  the  Forty-sixth  Congress.  The  Committee  on  Claims 
then  made  report  adverse  to  the  allowance  of  her  claim,  and  as  such 
report  sets  forth  the  facts  quite  fully,  your  committee  here  copy  the* 
same: 

The  memorialist  claims  the  sam  of  $1,505  to  be  dae  to  her  from  the  United  States^ 
and  alleges,  under  oath^  in  substance,  that  on  the  12th  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1878, 
she  was  regularly  appointed  as  laborer  in  the  Patent  Office  at  an  annual  salary  of 
$720,  said  appointment  containing  the  conditions  that  she  take  the  oath  of  office  re- 

anired  and  file  the  same  with  the  Department  and  report  for  duty,  with  which  con- 
itions  she  alleges  she  complied  on  the  following  day ;  that  she  has  ever  since  held 
herself  in  readiness  to  receive  and  perform  the  work  which  was  to  have  been  given 
her,  namely,  the  making  of  file  wrappers,  it  having  been  ajgreed  that  she  should  have 
the  said  work  and  perform  it  at  her  home ;  that  the  officials  failed  to  send  her  the 
work  as  agreed  upon,  upon  her  reporting  for  duty,  although  she  repeatedly  applied 
for  said  work  and  offered  to  perform  it  according  to  said  agreement,  which  she  alleges- 
0till  remains  unrevoked,  by  reason  of  which  ^cts  she  claims  the  above-mentioned 
sam,  being  the  balance  due  her  for  the  time  she  should  be  paid,  viz,  from  February 
12,  1878,  to  April  12,  1880. 

It  appears  from  communications  from  different  officers  in  the  Interior  Department 
that  the  appointment  of  Mrs.  Palmer  was  made  as  she  alleges ;  that  it  was  under- 
stood that  on  account  of  the  illness  of  her  husband  she  might  do  the  work  at  home, 
although  it  was  not  a  part  of  her  appointment.  Soon  after  she  appeared  and  took 
the  oath  of  office  the  news  came  of  the  death  of  her  husband,  and  for  that  reason  the 
work  assigned  was  not  sent  to  her  to  be  performed  at  her  home,  but  she  was  notified  that 
she  would  be  required  to  do  her  work  in  the  office ;  that  she  did  not  report  for  duty 
in  the  office.  It  further  appears  that  on  May  27,  1878,  Mr.  Commissioner  Spear  rec- 
ommended that  she  be  appointed  at  $.30  per  month  and  assigned  to  duty  in  making 
file  wrappers,  and  that  if  such  authority  was  given  that  her  former  ^pointment  be 
revoked,  and  that  up  to  that  time  she  had  not  reported  for  duty  under  her  appoint- 
ment of  February  preceding;  that  on  Jtfly  1,  1878,  the. recommendation  of  the  Com- 
missioner (Mr.  Spear)  was  approved,  and  the  appointment  of  Mrs.  Palmer  was  re- 
yoked,  and  authority  was  given  to  employ  her  in  making  file  wrappers  at  $30  per 
month ;  that  it  does  not  appear  that  she  was  employed  under  that  antuority,  but  that 
on  August  14, 1»78,  she  was  informed  by  the  chief  clerk  that  her  services  were  not 
needed,  as  an  arrangement  had  been  made  whereby  the  file  wrappers  could  be  made 
in  the  office  without  extra  cost.  It  is  distinctly  stated  in  the  communication  referred 
to  that  she  never  reported  for  duty  until  her  appointment  was  finally  revoked,  and 
anthority  was  granted  to  employ  her  at  a  lower  salary,  which  authority  was  never 


2  MRS.    SALLIE    H.    PALMER. 

exercised ;  that  the  exigency  which  gave  rise  to  the  understanding  that  she  should 
be  permitted  to  perform  the  work  at  home  ceased  with  her  husband's  death,  which 
occurred  before  it  was  possible  to  give  her  any  work,  and  that  she  was  thereupon 
notified  that  she  could  only  have  work  by  reporting  for  duty  in  the  office,  which 
'^she  has  steadfastly  refused  to  do.'' 

In  view  of  the  foregoing,  as  the  claim  of  the  memorialist  is  founded  upon  an  alle^ 
contract  and  a  breacn  thereof  by  the  United  States,  and  there  seems  to  be  a  wide 
disagreement  as  to  the  real  facts,  your  committee  are  of  the  opinion — the  memorialist 
having  a  complete  remedy  at  law — that  she  should  have  leave  to  withdraw  her  me- 
morial, and  we  so  recommend. 

The  committee  further  beg  leave  to  recommend,  if  deemed  consistent  with  the  pub- 
lic interest,  the  memorialist  being  the  widow  of  a  Union  soldier,  and,  from  the 
entire  evidence,  fully  competent  to  fill  the  position  to  which  she  had  been  assigned, 
that  she  be  appointed  to  some  suitable  position  in  the  Department. 

Afterwards,  acting  upon  the  suggestion  contained  in  the  foregoing 
report,  claimant  commenced  her  aetion  against  the  United  States  in  the 
Court  of  Claims,  where,  after  the  taking  of  much  testimony  and  upon 
full  trial  had,  a  judgment  was  entered  in  claimant's  favor  for  the  sum 
of  $30,  being  for  compensation  as  laborer  for  fifteen  days  iu  February, 
1878,  at  the  rate  of  $60  per  month. 

The  opinion  of  the  court  in  this  case  sets  forth  the  findings  of  facts 
^nd  of  law  so  conclusively  that  your  committee  here  copy  the  same. 

Court  or  Claims,  No.  12368. 

Sallie  H.  Palmer  t\  The  United  States. 

Findings  of  facU, 

This  case  having  been  heard  before  the  Court  of  Claims,  the  court,  upon  the  evi- 
dence, finds  the  facts  to  be  as  follows : 

I. 

At  the  time  and  in  the  manner  hereinafter  set  forth  in  Finding  III,  the  claimant 
was,  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,,  appointed  a  laborer  (first  grade)  in  the  Patent 
•Office. 

Before  and  at  the  time  of  her  receiving  that  appointment,  she  was  in  poor  health, 
and  her  husband  was  in  such  ill  health  that  she  could  not  leave  his  bedside ;  and  he 
died  the  day  after  the  date  of  her  appointment. 

II. 

Before  she  was  appointed,  a  member  of  Congress  called  on  the  Secretarv  of  the  In- 
terior to  exert  his  influence  toward  securing  an  appointment  for  her,  and  had  several 
conversations  with  the  Secretary ;  in  which,  at  some  time,  the  point  was  made  with 
the  latter  that  the  claimant  could  not  and  would  not,  to  do  duty  in  the  Department, 
leave  her  husband,  and  that  it  was  very  desirable,  in  the  event  of  her  appointment, 
that  work  should  be  given  her  that  she  could  perform  at  home,  as  long  as  it  was  neces- 
sary for  her  to  be  in  attendance  upon  him.  It  does  not  appear  that  when  these  rep. 
resentations  were  made  to  the  Secretary  he  expressed  any  objections  to  her  per- 
forming her  work  at  her  home. 

Soon  after  the  claimant's  appointment  she  had  an  interview  with  the  Commissioner 
of  Patents  regarding  her  work,  ancTit^  being  done  at  her  house ;  and  that  officer  made 
no  objection  to  sending  the  work  there. 

ra. 

On  the  12th  of  February,  1878,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  made  the  following 
written  appointment: 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

Washington,  D.  C,  February  \%  1878. 

Mrs.  Sallie  H.  Palmer,  of  Kentucky,  is  herby  appointed  a  laborer  (first  grade)  in 
the  Patent  Office  at  a  salary  of  seven  hundred  and  twenty  dollars  per  annum,  to  take 
effect  when  she  shall  file  the  oath  of  office  and  enter  on  duty. 

C.  8CHURZ, 

Secretary. 


MRS.    SALLIE    H.    PALMER.  6 

On  the  13th  of  Febrnary — the  day  of  the  death  of  claimant's  husband — the  claim- 
aut  took  the  oath  of  office  prescribed  by  law. 

At  the  time  of  this  appointment  there  existed,  aud  had  for  years  before  existed,  a 
rale  in  the  Patent  Office  that  no  work  should  be  sent  out  of  the  office  to  be  done; 
but  some  tracing  work  had  been  sent  out  some  time  before,  and  some,  partly  by  reason 
of  lack  pf  room  in  the  Patent  Office.  In  the  claimant's  case,  on  account  of  the  cir- 
cumstances of  her  husband's  sickness,  it  was  understood  by  the  Commissioner  of 
Patents  that  the  work  was  to  be  temporarily  sent  to  her ;  and  he  gave  directions  to 
that  effect  to  the  chief  clerk  of  the  Patent  Office. 

Within  a  day  or  two  after  her  husband's  death,  a  person  whom  the  chief  clerk  of 
the  Patent  Office  supposed  to  be  her  brother,  called  on  the  latter,  and  requested  that 
TTork  might  be  sent  to  her,  which  the  chief  clerk  declined  to  do,  giving  as  his  reason 
that  the  work  was  intended  to  be  sent  to  her  only  on  account  of  her  husband  being 
ill  and  requiring  her  presence  at  his  bedside ;  that  he  had  died,  and  consequently  the 
contingency  no  longer  existed,  and  that  she  would  be  required  to  do  the  work  in  the 
office. 

After  that  the  chief  clerk  received  no  instructions  to  send  her  work  of  any  charac- 
ter, and  none  was  sent  her ;  nor  does  it  appear  that,  after  this  interview,  any  official 
communication  was  made  to  her  by  any  one  connected  with  the  Patent  Office  on  the 
subject  of  work  being  sent  to  her  nouse  for  her  to  do  under  the  above  appointment. 

IV. 

The  pay-rolls  of  the  employ^  of  the  Patent  Office  were  made  up  about  a  week  be- 
fore the  end  of  the  month.  The  officer  whose  duty  it  was  to  make  up  the  rolls  for 
the  month  of  Februarv,  1878,  inquired  of  the  chief  clerk  whether  the  claimant's  name 
ahoiiid  be  placed  on  the  rolls ;  and  the  chief  clerk  answered  that  it  should  not  be,  as 
ahe  had  never  reported  for  duty. 

V. 

It  does  not  appear  that  the  claimant  ever  called  in  person  at  the  Patent  Office,  for 
^^ork  except  as  stated  in  Finding  11^  nor  for  pay  under  the  aforesaid  appointment,  ex- 
cept as  appears  in  the  next  succeeding  finding. 

VI. 

On  the  20th  of  May,  1878,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  addressed  to  the  claimant 
the  following  letter : 

Depart&ient  of  the  Interior, 

Wa$hingionj  D.  C,  May  20,  1878. 
Mrs.  Saixie  A.  Palmer,  WoBhington  : 

Madam  :  The  Department  has  considered  your  verbal  application  for  pay  since  the 
date  of  your  appointment  and  oath  of  office  as  an  emplojl  of  the  Patent  Office,  but 
as  your  appointment  by  its  own  terms  was  not  to  take  effect  until  you  should  ''file  the 
oath  of  office  and  enter  on  duty,"  and  as  it  does  not  appear  that  you  have  yet  entered  on 
dnty,  the  Department  would  not  be  justified  in  complying  with  your  request. 
Very  respectfully, 

C.  SCB[URZ, 

Seentary. 
VII. 


On  the  let  of  July,  1878,  the  said  Secretary  addressed  the  following  letter  to  the 
CommiBsioner  of  Patents : 


The  ComXiissioxer  of  Patents  : 


Department  of  the  Interior, 

Office  of  the  Secretary, 

Woihington,  D.  C,  July  1,  1878. 


Sir  :  In  compliance  with  your  recommendation  of  May  27th,  1878,  the  appointment  of 
Mrs.  Sallie  H.  Palmer  as  a  laborer  in  the  Patent  Office,  dated  February  12, 1878,  is  here- 
by revoked  (she  haying  never  availed  herself  thereof),  and  you  are  authorized  to  em- 
ploy her  in  the  work  of  making  file  wrappers,  which  she  mav  be  permitted  to  do  at 
Dome  at  a  maximum  compensation  of  thirty  dollars  per  month. 
Very  respectfully,    . 

C.  SCHURZ, 

Secretary, 


I 


MBS.    SALLIE    H.    PALMER. 
VIII. 


On  the  14th  of  Angust,  1878,  the  chief  clerk  of  the  Patent  Office  addressed  to  t^^ 
claimant  the  following  letter : 

**  Department  of  the  Interior, 
"  United  States  Patent  Office, 

"  Washington,  D.  C,  Aug.  14, 187^' 

''Madam  :  In  response  to  yonr  letter  of  to-day  the  Commissioner  desires  me  to  8^^ 
you  the  inclosed  oraer  of  July  1st,  from  the  Secretary,  under  which  he  was  pennit^^ 
to  employ  yon  in  making  file  wrappers,  at  thirty  dollars  a  month.  s^^cfi 

•'  Arrangements  having  been  made  whereby  these  wrappers  are  made  in  theo^^^ 
without  extra  cost,  the  Commissioner  does  not  desire  to  avail  himself  of  this  pern*  ^ 
sion,  and  cannot  without  incurring  a  needless  expense. 
**  Very  respectfully,  your  oVd't  serv't, 

*'  F.  A.  SEELY, 

"  Ck*f  crk." 

Upon  the  foregoing  facts  the  conclusion  of  law  is,  that  the  claimant  is  entitled  t^^ 
recover  |30,  on  the  grounds  set  forth  in  the  following 

OPINION : 

Drake,  CA.  J,,  delivered  the  opinion  of  the  court : 

If  we  were  at  liberty  to  aUow  our  judgment  to  be  swayed  by  sympathy,  we  should 
have  no  difficulty  in  giving  the  claimant  a  larger  recovery  than  we  feel  justified  in 
awarding  her  on  principles  of  law.  But,  of  course,  it  is  not  our  province  to  reach  re- 
sults through  the  guidance  of  feeling,  or  to  be  turned  aside  from  legal  conclusions  by 
the  impulses  of  charity.  This  claimant's  case,  like  every  other,  must  be  determined 
by  law. 

The  first  question  involved  in  it  is,  whether  the  claimant  was  in  the  employ  of  the 
Government.  We  have  no  difficulty  in  answering  this  in  the  affirmative.  She  was, 
on  the  12th  of  February,  1878,  hj  the  written  act  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  ap- 
pointed ^^  a  laborer  (first  grade)  in  the  Patent  Office,  at  a  salary  of  $720  per  annum, 
to  take  effect  when  she  should  file  the  oath  of  office  and  enter  on  duty.'' 

There  is  no  dispute  that  she  took  the  oath  of  office  on  the  13th  of  February,  1878, 
and  therefore  no  question  of  law  is  before  us  in  connection  with  that  matter. 

The  important  point  is,  whether  she  complied  with  the  terms  of  her  appointment 

by  entering  on  duty.    Under  ordinary  circumstances  we  should  regard  it  necessary,  in 

order  to  answer  this  affirmatively,  that  she  shouldhavereported  herself  to  the  proper 

officer  of  the  Patent  Office  for  duty ;  but  all  the  facte  of  the  case  tend  to  make  it  clear 

that  she  was,  in  consideration  of  her  distressing  circumstances,  to  be  allowed  to  do  at 

her  house  the  work  which  appertained  to  her  position.    She  applied  for  such  work, 

and  no  objection  was  made  by  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  to  its  being  sent  to  her. 

Under  these  circumstances  we  are  of  opinion  that  she  may  be  considered  as  having 

entered  on  duty  from  the  day  that  she  was  sworn  in.    That  she  did  not  perform  duty^ 

was  not  her  fault,  so  far  as  appears.    She  was  ready  and  willing  to  work,  but  no  work 

was  given  her,  nor  was  she  officially  informed  that  she  must  do  her  work  in  the  office. 

After  all  that  took  place  in  relation  to  her  having  work  sent  to  h<r  house,  it  would  be 

unjust  to  say  that  she  was  in  default  because  she  did  not  come  to  the  office  when  she 

was  not  required  to  do  so. 

Of  course,  she  could  not  occupy  that  exceptional  position  for  an  indefinite  length 
of  time.  She  was  made  an  exception  to  a  rule  of  the  office,  in  consideration  of 
the  peculiarly  afflicting  circumstances  of  her  case,  but  the  exception  was  to  endure 
only  temporarily.  This  she  roust  have  known ;  and  knowing  it,  she  should  have 
taken  the  earliest  moment  tliat  she  could  to  have  her  official  relations  with  the  office 
clearly  defiued.  If  she  had  applied  therefor,  she  would  have  been  definitely  informed 
whether  the  arrangement  granted  in  view  of  her  husband's  illness  was  to  continue 
after  she,  by  his  death,  was  relieved  from  attendance  at  his  bedside;  and  then,  if  she 
desired  to  work  in  the  office,  she  would,  doubtless,  have  been  provided  with  work 
there.  But  evidently  she  wished  the  work  to  be  sent  to  her  house,  and  did  not  wish  to 
go  to  the  office.  Here  wa«  her  mistake.  It  was  not  for  her,  but  for  the  Commissioner 
of  Patents  to  say  where  she  should  do  duty.  And  it  was  for  her  to  ascertain  officially 
and  definitely  how  long  the  charitable  arrangement  first  permitted  was  to  continue, 
if  she  expected  to  be  borne  on  the  pay-rolls,  and  to  receive  the  siUary  without  per- 
forming service. 

The  final  question  is,  Was  that  arrangement  discontinued,  and  if  so,  when  and 
how  f  If  at  no  previous  time,  it  was  certainly  terminated  by  the  letter  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  to  her  of  the  20th  May,  1878,  in  answer  to  her  verbal  application 
for  pay  since  the  date  of  her  oath  of  office,  wherein  he  refused  the  pay,  on  the  ground 


MRS.    SALLIE    H.    PALMER.  5 

she  had  never  yet  entered  on  duty.  This  was  full  notice  to  her  that  she  was 
[considered  as  having  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Department,  or,  at  least,  that  she 
not  thenceforth  to  be  so  considered. 

It  there  was  a  previous  point  of  time  when,  in  our  judgment,  the  temporary  ar- 
:ement  in  her  favor  must  be  considered  to  have  come  to  an  end,  and  that  was 
D,  at  the  close  of  the  month  in  which  she  was  appointed,  the  pay-rolls  of  the  Pat- 
Dffice  employ^  were  made  up,  and  her  name  was  not  placed  thereon.    It  was  not 

her  urgent  interest,  in  her  painful  circumstances,  but  it  was  every  way  incum- 

on  her  to  find  out  whether  ner  name  was  on  the  rolls;  for  upon  that  depended 
:)btaining  the  pay  she,  doubtless,  greatly  needed.    It  is  unreasonable  to  suppose 

she  failed  to  inquire  into  so  important  a  matter  as  that.    Every  presumption  is 

she  did  inquire  into  it,  and  did  know,  at  the  close  of  February,  that  her  name 
not  on  the  rolls.  If  she  did  know  it,  then  was  the  time  for  her  to  have  reported 
luty  in  the  offic<$,  if  she  wished  to  keep  the  place  to  which  she  had  been  appointed ; 
he  was  then  fuUy  advised  that  she  could  no  longer  stay  at  home  doing  no  work, 
yet  receive  pay  as  if  «he  had  done  duty.  So  far  as  appears,  she  made  no  further 
ement  to  obtain  either  work  or  pay  until  nearly  three  months  had  elapsed;  when 
isked  for  pay,  but  not  for  work.  Upon  the  principles  laid  down,  at  the  present 
I,  in  £arhou?8  Case  (ante)  we  can  do  no  otherwise  than  hold,  that  from  the  time 
Brst  pay  roll  after  her  appointment  was  made  up  without  her  name  on  it,  and  she 

no  notice  of  that  fact,  nor  made  any  effort  to  keep  the  place  which  had  been 
n  her,  she  must  be  considered  to  have  voluntarily  aoandoned  the 'place,  as  corn- 
sly  as  if  she  had  declared  her  resignation  thereof  in  writing  *,  and  tnat  after  that 

she  is  entitled  to  no  pay, 

)r  fifteen  days  in  February  she  is  entitled  to  be  paid,  and  judgment  will  be  en- 
1  in  her  favor  for  $30. 

b  new  facts  are  produced  by  claimant,  and  it  is  as  true  now  as  when 
Court  of  Claims  passed  upon  her  case  that  no  service  was  ever 
lered  by  her  under  the  alleged  employment  to  the  United  States, 
was  the  Government  ever  benefited  in  the  least  degree  by  any 
ice  rendered  by  the  petitioner  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior, 
did  receive  employment  and  was  ready  to  perform  work  for  the  Gov- 
nent  under  certain  conditions,  which  conditions  not  being  complied 
i  she  did  not  labor. 

er  case,  as  set  forth  in  her  petition  and  the  accompanying  papers, 
8  solely  upon  her  contract  rights,  and  these  have  been  fully  adjudi- 
d  by  a  competent  tribunal  of  her  own  choosing.  Your  committee, 
Ing  that  it  is  not  within  their  province  to  make  any  allowance  to 
nant  from  motives  of  generosity  or  as  a  matter  of  charity,  report 
I  the  bill,  S.  1648,  with  the  recommendation  that  it  do  not  pass. 

8.  Bep.  664-- — 2 


J 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  i  Bbpobt 

Ist  Session.       )  \  No.  565. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OP  THE  UNETED  STATES. 


Mat  21, 1884.— Ordered  to  bo  priuttrd. 


Mr.  Kenna,  from  the  Committee  on  Claims,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  aooompany  bill  S.  714.] 

The  Ootmnittee  <m  Claims^  to  which  was  referred  the  bill  for  the  relirfof 
the  Mobile  Marine  Dock  Company^  having  had  the  same  under  considera- 
tion^ report  as  follows: 

After  tbe  capture  and  occupancy  of  the  city  of  Mobile,  in  April,  1865, 
by  the  United  SUites  Army,  it  was  determined  that  the  interests  of  the 
Government  demanded  the  occupancy  and  use  of  the  property  of  the 
Mobile  Marine  Dock  Company.  The  monitor  Osage  and  the  Saint  Mary 
had  been  sunk  in*the  bay.  Other  naval  vessels  required  repairs,  and 
the  transports  belonging  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department  had  to  be 
refitted  and  kept  in  repair  for  the  collection  of  the  commissary,  ordnance, 
and  quartermaster's  stores,  and  the  large  amount  of  cotton  whicii  had 
belonge<l  to  the  Confederate  authorities.  There  was  no  other  marine 
duck  south  of  Charleston,  those  at  New  Orleans  having  been  sunk. 

The  Mobile  Marine  Dock  Company  owned  the  requisite  material  for  the 
repairing  of  the  vessels  of  the  Navy  and  of  the  Quartermaster's  Dei)art- 
ment,  and  such  materials  could  be  found  nowhere  else  on  the  Gulf  coast, 
except  at  New  Orleans.  It  was  under  these  circumstances  that  the 
Government  officials  informed  the  officers  of  the  Mobile  Marine  Dock 
Company  that  the  interests  of  the  Government  required  that  the  dock 
pro|)erty  should  be  either  condemned  for  public  use  and  paid  for,  or  else 
that  it  should  be  placed  under  the  exclusive  control  of  the  Quartermas- 
ter's Department  for  such  time  as  the  protection  of  Government  interests 
might  require,  and  for  it  then  to  be  returned  to  the  officers  of  the  com- 
pany with  reasonable  com)>ensation  for  the  services  rendered.  The  com- 
pany elected  the  last  alternative,  and  the  property  of  the  company,  with 
its  entire  organized  working  force,  including  the  superintendent  and 
employes,  were,  on  the  16th  day  of  April,  J  865,  placed  under  the  exclu- 
sive direction  and  control  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  and  in  the 
service  of  th«*  Government.  This  control  and  service  continued  for  seven 
months — until  the  16th  day  of  November,  1865 — when  it  was  redelivered 
to  the  officers  of  the  company,  after  such  use  of  material  and  such  dam- 
age to  the  dock  as  the  protection  of  Government  interests  rendered 
necessary  and  unavoidable. 

'  Captain  Knndle  was  the  first  quartermaster  placed  in  charge  of  the 
dock  property,  and  whilst  under  his  direction  the  important  work  of 


J  MOBILE   MARINE   DOCK    COMPANY. 

raising  and  repairing  the  monitor  Osage  and  the  ship  Saint  Mary,  and 
the  repairing  of  five  other  vessels  of  the  Navy,  was  completed.    After 
Ca])tain  Kunkle,  Captain  Ford  was  given  control  of  the  dock  property; 
and  after  Ford,  Captain  Stewart  was  i)la<3ed  in  charge,  and  so  continaed 
until  relieved  by  the  chiefquartermastet'of  the  department  of  Alabama, 
Col.  M.  J).  Wickersham,  who  then  took  charge,  and  soon  thereafter  re- 
stored the  property  to  the  control  of  the  officers  of  the  company.    Wheu 
the  ]>roi>erty  was  thus  restored,  the  company  through  its  proper  oflBcers 
made  immediate  claim  for  the  promised  ^'reasonable  compensation,'' or 
else  for  the  proper  voucherson  the  Quartermaster's  Department  to  insure 
such  payment.    To  this  demand  Colonel  Wickersham  replied  that  tlie 
work  not  having  been  done  under  his  ))ersoual  direction  he  had  uosnch 
knowledge  as  would  justify  him  in  either  paying  the  demand  or  iu  giving 
for  it  the  usual  quartermaster's  vouchers,  but  that  he  would,  as  he  did, 
turn  over  to  the  company  the  quartermaster's  book  and  all  tlie  onlers 
and  vouchers  for  material  furnished  and  work  done,  which  would  be 
necessary  for  the  making  out  and  substantiating  the  claim.    From  the 
quaitermaster's  book  and  the  orders  and  vouchers  thus  furnished  the 
claim  of  the  com}>auy  was  made  out,  and  by  the  direction  of  the  local 
military  authorities  was  presented  to  the  War  Department  for  payment 
The  claim  having  been  referred  to  the  Quartermaster-General,  whs  re 
turned  by  that  officer  to  the  War  Department  on  the  20th  day  of  June, 
1868,  with  the  remark  that  '<  under  the  act  of  February  21, 1867,  claims 
arising  in  the  State  of  Alabama  during  the  rebellion  could  not  be  paid.^ 
The  claimants,  on  the  presentation  of  their  claim,  had  made  request 
that  a  commission  might  be  appointed  to  investigate,  and  report  upon, 
the  integrity  of  their  claim  and  the  correctness  of  the  charges  lor  serv- 
ices and  material.    Accordingly,  after  the  return  of  the  papers  by  the 
Quartermaster-General,  the  "board  of  claims"  of  the  War  Department 
made  a  preliminary  report,  recommending  that  the  chief  quartermaster 
and  the  assistant  inspector-general  of  the  Department  of  the  South  be 
deputed  to  make  the  investigation  requested,  with  instructions  to  re- 
port through  the  Quartermaster-General.    This  recommendation  was 
approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War.    The  officers  designated  made  their 
report  to  the  Quartermaster-General  in  October,  1868,  and  it  was  for- 
warded to  the  Secretary  of  War  by  the  Quartermaster-General  on  the 
22d  day  of  Decembier,  1868,  with  the  remark  that  the  dock  must  have 
been  used  iu  aid  of  the  rebellion,  and  wa«,  therefore,  liable  to  confisca- 
tion, and  the  owners  were  fortunate  in  having  regained  possession  of 
their  property  through  the  leniency  of  the  Government  or  the  neglect 
of  the  officers  in  failing  to  institute  legal  proceedings  for  Its  couHscar 
tion  5  that  the  acts  of  Congress  only  authorized  the  confiscation  of 
property  of  natural  persons.    They  did  not  make  the  proj[)erty  of  an 
artificial  or  incorporated  body  confiscable;  therefore,  the  property  in 
question  was  not  liable  to  confiscation.    This  report,  and  all  the  papers 
submitted  with  the  claim  of  the  company,  were  then  referred  to  the 
''board  of  claims"  of  the  War  Department,  of  which  James  A.  Har- 
die,  Inspector-General  and  brevet  major  general,  was  president,  and 
George  Gibson,  major  and  brevet  lieutenant-colonel.  United   States 
Army,  was  recorder.    The  board,  on  the  25th  day  of  March,  1869,  sub- 
mitted their  report,  in  which  they  say : 

The  aniomit  of  the  charges,  it  is  believed  by  the  board,  iu  view  of  the  testimony 
collected,  may  reasonably  be  presumed  to  represent  the  value  of  the  work  done  and 
of  the  material  used.  *  •  *  The  amount  of  damages  to  the  dock  it  may  be  pre- 
sumed was  incurred. 


MOBILE   MARINE   DOCK   COMPANY.  3 

I 

The  board  find  the  facts  to  be  sabstantiaUy  as  follows.    The  claim  is  thus  stated : 

A.  For  seveo  vessels  docked  and  repaired  and  materials  furnished  by  order 

of  AdmiralThacther,  United  States  Navy 127.070  95 

B.  For  twenty -fonr  vessels  repaired  by  order  of  the  militHry  authorities..     'J:^, 799  10 
C  For  four  vessels  of  private  owners  docked  and  repaired  by  order  of  the 

military  authorities 2^r>ri3  70 

D.  For  lumber  delivered  for  Army  purposes 7, 997  55 

£.  For  material,  dec,  takeu  possession  of  by  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, April  16,  lb65 15,781  35 

F.  Cost  of  repairing  dock 15,736  16 

Total...: 101,938  81 

For  arrivinp:  at  the  conclusion  tbat  the  claim  as  thus  stated  might  be 
accepted  as  substantially'  correct,  the  "board  of  claims"  had  before  them 
the  testimony  of  the  officers  of  the  company,  of  the  quarterniast<^r's 
clerk,  of  the  quartermaster's  book^of  over  a  hundred  quartermasters' 
vouchers,  and  the  report  of  the  commission  appointed  to  proceed  to 
Mobile  and  make  careful  examination  into,  and  report  all  matters  touch- 
ing: the  validity  of  the  claim.  It  was  aiier  an  evidently  scrutinizing 
examination  of  this  testimony  that  the  board  arrived  at  the  result  stilted, 
and  declared  they  had  "exhausted  the  testimony." 

There  is  no  conflict  in  the  testimony  furnished  by  the  company  and 
that  given  in  the  report  of  the  commission ;  on  the  contrary,  there  is 
entire  agreement  as  to  all  material  facts.  That  the  claim  is,  in  the  lan- 
guage of  the  board,  "substantially  correct,"  is  either  frankly  admitted 
or  silently  acquiesced  in  by  all  the  Government  officers  whose  duty  it 
was  made  to  examine  into  the  matter.  !Nor  is  there  any  issue  taken 
with  the  testimony  of  the  company  that  the  dock  and  material  were  by 
contract  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  under 
the  explicit  promise  to  allow  and  pay  a  "reasonable  compensation" 
when  the  Government  work  should  have  been  completed  and  its  value 
ascertained.  The  change  of  quartermasters  given  charge  of  the  prop- 
erty prevented  a  compliance  with  the  contract,  but  that  the  obligation 
existed,  as  proved  by  the  officers  of  the  company,  is  not  only  corrobo- 
rated by  the  action  of  the  chief  quartermaster  in  delivering  to  the  com- 
pany the  quartermaster's  book,  with  the  orders  and  vouchers  which 
were  indispensable  to  the  ascertaining  and  substantiating  the  claim, 
but  is  sanctioned  in  a  communication  from  the  chief  quartermaster,  who 
states,  among  the  reasons  for  the  non-compliance  with  the  contract,  the 
fact  that  a  large  portion  of  the  claim  was  chargeable  to  the  Navy  and 
not  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

In  its  exhaustive  examination  of  the  matters  of  the  dock  company  the 
"  board  of  claims"  gives  the  cfassiti  cation  of  a  furnished  list  of  stock- 
holders, showing  that  while  the  chief  interest  and  control  was  held  by 
parties  loyal  to  the  Government,  only  eight  small  stockholders  had  given 
support  to  the  rebellion. 

Having  completed  its  statement  of  the  facts  involved  in  the  claim, 
the  board  in  concluding  its  re[)ort  suggests  doubt  as  to  the  scope  of  the 
acts  of  Congress  in  limiting  the  authority  of  the  War  Department  to  pay 
any  claims  arising  in  States  which  had  been  declared  to  be  in  rebellion. 
In  deference  to  this  expressed  doubt  of  the  board  of  claims,  Secretary 
Rawlins  referred  the  claim  of  the  dock  company  to  the  Attorney -Gen- 
eral with  the  request  for  his  opinion  upon  the  restraining  limiUition  of 
the  acts  of  18G4  and  18C7  on  the  discretionary  powers  of  the  Secretary 
for  the  payment  of  the  claim.  This  was  done  on  the  3d  day  of  April, 
1869,  and  no  response  was  made  from  the  Attorney-General's  office  until 
the  3d  day  of  January-,  1872,  the  day  after  the  claim  was  barred  before 


4  MOBILE   MARINE    DOCK   COMPANY. 

the  Court  of  Claims  by  the  statute  of  limitations.   The  AttorueyGreneral 
couclndes  hia  opinion  as  follows : 

I  mil  of  the  opinion  that  the  present  claim  originated  dnring  the  war  and  canDot  be 
settled  by  the  War  Department  (13  Opinions  Attorneys-General,  5.S5). 

The  Attorney  General  bases  his  opinion  upon  the  assnmed  fact  that 
the  ''dock''  is  real  estate;  whereas  the  "dock"  is  made  of  wood  and 
iron,  and  floats  on  the  water.  Besides  this,  the  opinion  of  the  Attorney- 
General  was  given  before  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  case 
of  The  Union  Bank  vs.  The  Planters'  Bank  (16  Wall.,  485),  and  is  in 
conflict  with  the  principles  of  that  and  subsequent  decisions.  The  fact 
of  contract  and  entailed  obligation  to  pay  ''reasonable  compensation," 
is  not  considered  in  the  Attorney-General's  opinion.  The  opinion,  how- 
ever, was  accepted  by  Secretary  Rawlins  as  of  controlling  force  in  re- 
straining him  from  paying  the  claim  ;  and  the  retention  of  the  pai>ers 
in  tlie  Attorney- General's  OflBce  from  the  3d  da^^  of  April,  1869,  to  the 
3d  day  of  January,  1872,  the  day  after  the  barring  of  the  claim  from 
the  Court  of  Claims  by  the  statute  of  limitations,  left  to  the  company 
no  tribunal  for  redress  but  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

The  company  being  incoiporated,  its  property  not  being  confiscable, 
and  its  shareholders,  with  an  inconsiderable  exception,  being  loyal  citi- 
zens of  the  Government,  were,  under  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
entitled  to  compensation.  In  1864,  while  the  war  was  in  progress,  in 
the  leading  case  of  the  Venice  (2  Wall.,  258),  Chief  Justice  Chase,  in 
delivering  the  opinion  of  the  court,  says: 

By  excepting  districts  occupied  and  coDtrolled  by  natioual  troops  from  the  general 
prohibition  of  trade,  it  indicated  the  policy  of  the  Grovernuient  not  to  regard  such 
districts  as  in  actual  insurrection,  or  their  inhabitants  as  subject,  in  all  rtsspects,  to 
treatment  as  enemies.  Military  occupation  and  control,  to  work  this  exception,  must 
be  actual ;  that  is  to  say,  not  illusory,  not  imperfect,  not  transient,  but  substantial, 
complete,  and  permanent.  Being  such,  it  draws  after  it  the  full  measure  of  protection 
to  persons  ami  property  consistent  with  a  necessary  subjection  to  military  govern- 
ment. It  does  not,  indeed,  reshire  peace,  or,  in  all  respects,  former  relatioiiN;  but  it 
replaces  rebel  by  national  authority,  and  recognizes  to  some  extent  the  conditions 
and  responsibilities  of  national  citizenship. 

The  principles  thus  announced  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of 
the  Venice  have  been  since  then  reaffirmed  and  extended  by  that 
tribunal  in  the  case  of  The  Union  Bank  vs.  The  Planters'  Bank  (16 
Wall.,  483),  and  in  other  cases. 

The  occupation  of  Mobile  by  the  national  troops  was  '^substantial, 
complete,  and  permanent";  and  national  authority  has  been  accepted 
and  obeyed  from  that  date. 

But,  beyond  and  above  this,  the  fact  that  the  property  was  accepted 
and  used  for  seven  months  in  the  interest,  and  to  the  great  profit,  of  the 
Government,  under  a  contract  and  promise  to  allow  and  pay  **  reason- 
able compensation"  after  the  required  service  should  have  been  com- 
pleted, entails  upon  the  Government  an  obligation  which  cannot  be 
avoided,  and  response  to  which  should  no  longer  be  deferred.  The  use 
of  the  dock  property  was  in  no  degree  in  the  interests  of  the  war,  but 
was  simply  for  pecuniary  advantage,  and  proved  of  saving  value  to  the 
Government  to  an  extent  so  great  as,  by  comparison,  to  render  the  just 
compensation  of  the  company  of  trifling  consideration. 

The  following  letter  from  Colonel  Wickersham  indicates  that  this 
claim  would  have  been  paid  promptly  but  for  a  difficulty,  which  in  no 
way  denied  its  merit: 

Washington,  D.  C,  Janvary  31, 1883. 

Dear  Sir  :  The  parties  interested  in  the  claim  of  the  Mobile  Marine  Dock,  now 
pending  before  Congress,  have  requested  mo  to  make  to  yon  the  following  statement, 
to  wit: 

l^OT.  5,  lH(j5, 1  was  assigned  Ch.  Q.  M.  Mil.  Dept.  of  Alabama,  hdqrs.  at  Mobile.    A 


MOBILE   MAJtIKE    DOCK   COMPANY.  5 

lar^e  number  of  claims  for  the  ase  of  buildings,  steamboats,  etc.,  by  the  Union  forces 
during  the  summer  of  1865,  were  presented  to  me  for  consideration.  Amonc  said 
claims  was  the  one  above  referred  to,  and  this  claim,  though  analagous  to  all  the 
others,  was,  I  believe,  the  only  claim  which  I  was  not  duly  authorized  to  a^jnst  and 
pay.  Part  of  this  claim  I  held  to  be  justly  chargeable  to  the  Navy  Dept.,  but  the 
Gov't's  liability,  under  an  undisputed  promise  to  pay,  seemed  to  me  clear. 

About  the  middle  of  Nov.,  1865, 1  transferred  the  dock  itself  to  the  owners.  Some 
material  claimed  by  the  owners  I  found  in  the  custody  and  on  the  books  of  my  sub- 
ordinate quartermasters  in  charge  of  that  species  of  public  property. 

In  due  course,  under  proper  authority,  said  material  was  sold  as  other  surplus  pub- 
lic stores. 

Many  of  the  shareholders  in  this  property  were  poor  mechanics,  and  they  are  rep- 
resented by  gentlemen  of  the  highest  cnaracter. 

I  have  no  pecuniary  interest  in  this  claim,  and  write  at  the  request  of  others,  and 
to  promote,  if  I  can,  the  ends  of  Justice. 
I  am,  sir,  with  great  respect,  etc., 

M.  D.  WICKERSHAM, 
Late  Chief  Quartermaster  Dept.  of  Alabatna, 
Hon.  Angus  C aileron,  U.  8.  S., 

Washington,  D,  C. 

It  appears  from  all  the  facts  iu  proof  that  this  claim  grows  out  of 
the  use  of  property  by  the  Federal  authorities  for  public  purposes  and 
under  contract  with  the  owners  of  said  property  for  such  use,  and  for 
reasonable  compensation  therefor.  Such  contracts  and  legitimate 
claims  growing  out  of  them  have  not  been  denied  appropriate  recogni- 
tion by  Congress.  They  in  no  way  involve  the  principles  of  that  class 
of  war  claims  which  have  been  refused  payment,  but  belong  rather  to 
the  class  of  claims  for  use  and  occupation  under  contract,  which,  when 
properly  proved,  have  been  uniformly  approved  and  paid. 

Your  committee  therefore  repoit  back  the  accompanying  bill  with  the 
amount  found  due  by  the  board  of  claims  of  the  War  Department,  and 
recommend  that  it  be  passed. 


48th  Congbess,  (  SENATE.  (  Report 

1st  Session.      ]     '  t  No.  566. 


m  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Mat  22,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  MiLLEB,  of  California,  from  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations, 

submitted  the  following 

.     REPORT: 

[To  accompany  proposed  amendment  to  H.  R.  6770.] 

In  proposing  an  amendment  to  the  consular  and  diplomaticappropria- 
tioD  bill,  making  an  appropriation  of  $1,054.94  to  compensate  Mr.  John 
^W.  Foster,  United  States  minister  at  Madrid,  for  time  spent  under  the 
direction  of  the  President  in  excess  of  the  ordinary  requirement,  and  an 
appropriation  of  $8^.88  to  compensate  Mr.  Wickham  Hofifman,  United 
States  minister  at  Copenhagen,  for  extra  official  services  which  he  was 
required  by  the  President  to  perform,  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Rela- 
tions beg  leave  to  submit  the  following  extract  from  a  letter  from  the 
Department  of  State  to  this  committee,  dated  the  21st  of  March,  1884: 

I  have  the  honor  to  request  that  provision  be  made  to  compensate  Mr.  John  W. 
FoBter,  United  States  minister  at  Madrid,  and  Mr.  Wickham  Hoffman,  United  States 
minister  at  Copenhagen,  for  extra  official  services  which  they  were  required  by  the 
Preeident  to  perform. 

The  facts  in  these  cases  are  as  follows  : 

Mr.  Foster  was  entitled  by  law  to  compensation  for  only  thirty  days  while  receiv- 
ing instructions.  The  importance  of  his  mission  and  the  intricate  nature  of  thcmany 
qaestious  then  pending  between  Spain  and  the  United  States  necessarily  required 
more  than  a  study  of  thirty  days  for  comprehension,  and  the  President  consequently 
directed  Mr.  Foster  to  continue  his  study  to  completion. 

The  President  moreover  required  Mr.  Foster  to  attend  General  Diaz,  of  Mexico, 
who  was  then  the  nation's  guest,  Mr.  Foster  being  pre-eminently  fitted  for  this  serv- 
ice by  reason  of  his  years  of  former  association  with  the  Mexican  President  while 
United  States  minister  to  Mexico 

These  two  services  fully  occupied  Mr.  Foster  for  a  period  of  thirty-two  days  beyond 
the  time  allowed  him  forreceiving  his  instructions. 

His  compensation  for  that  peri<S  should,  at  the  rate  of  his  salary,  be  $1,054.94. 

Mr.  Hofiman's  case  is  entirely  analogous.  In  March  last,  soon  Skfter  his  appoint- 
ment as  minister,  he  was  directed  by  the  President  to  accompany  the  Madagascar  en- 
voys from  New  York  to  Washington,  and  care  for  them  here. 

He  was  on  that  duty  six  days ;  otherwise  he  would  have  left  for  his  post  at  the  ex- 
piration of  the  thirty  days  allowed  him  by  law  for  the  reception  of  instructions. 

His  compensation  for  that  period  should,  at  the  rate  of  his  salary,  be  $82.88. 

The  Government  is  justly  indebted  for  these  two  sums,  which  amount  to  $1,137.82, 
and  hence  I  request  that  early  and  effective  action  be  taken  for  their  payment. 


I 


48th  Uongress,  I  SENATE.  •         (  Repobt 

1st  Session.       )  \  No.  567, 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  22, 1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Jackson,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  S.  958.] 

The  Committee  on  Pensions ,  to  whom  was  referred  the  Mil  {8.  958)  grant- 
ing  arrears  of  pension  to  Augustus  2>.  Blanchety  hnving  carefully  exam- 
ined  the  same,  report  as  follotcs  : 

Augustus  D.  Blanchet,  late  a  major  in  the  Twenty-seventh  Begiment 
New  Jersey  Volunteers,  was  enlisted  September  25, 1862,  and  was  dis- 
charged by  order  of  Major-General  Halleck  April  29,  1863,  because  of 
disability  resulting  from  left  inguinal  hernia,  contracted  in  the  line  of 
his  duty.  The  officer  was  pensioned  June  16,  1865,  at  $6.25  per  month 
from  April  29,  1863,  the  date  of  his  discharge.  He  subsequently  made 
application  for  an  increase,  which  was  granted,  and  he  was  pensioned  at 
$20  per  month  from  June  3, 1874. 

Having  procured  such  increase  under  the  provisions  of  law  passed 
since  1865,  the  pensioner  next  applied  for  arrears  from  date  of  discharge 
to  June  3, 1874,  according  to  the  rate  of  his  increased  allowance  made 
from  the  latter  date.  This  application  was  rejected  by  the  Oommis- 
sioner  of  Pensions,  the  evidence  on  file  not  showing  that  the  same  state 
of  disability  existed  in  1863  as  at  date  of  increase.  This  action  was  cor- 
rect. Furthermore,  as  arrears  were  allowed  under  the  first  application, 
there  was  no  law  that  authorized  arrears  for  increase  of  pension  under 
subsequent  acts.  Under  such  a  construction  of  the  pension  laws,  every 
new  act  which  increased  the  rates  for  disabilities  would  carry  arrears  on 
such  increase  back  to  date  of  iiy  ury  or  date  of  discharge.  This  could  not 
properly  be  allowed,  and  was  certainly  not  the  intention  of  Congress. 
The  application  for  arrears  having^been  rejected  by  the  Pension  Bureau, 
the  present  bill  proposes  to  allow  and  pay  the  pensioner  ''  arrears  of  pen- 
sion at  the  rate  of  $20  per  month  between  April  23.  1863,  and  June  3, 
1874^  deducting  therefrom  the  arrears  heretofore  paia  to  him  on  account 
of  his  pension  between  said  dates."    This  cannot  be  allowed. 

Your  committee  accordingly  recommend  that  the  bill  be  indefinitely 
postponed. 


48th  Congress,  >  SENATE.  (  Eepoet 

1st  Session.       S  \  ^O-  ^^• 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Mat  22,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Mitchell,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  fol- 
lowing : 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  S.  1241.] 

The  Senate  Committee  on  Pensions,  to  which  was  referred  the  bill 
S.  1241,  which  bill  embraces  certain  amendments  to  the  pension  laws^ 
as  suggested  by  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  in  his  annual  report, 
begs  leave  to  report  the  same  back  to  the  Senate  with  the  recommenda- 
tion that  it  pass  as  modified. 

Section  1  of  the  bill  consists  of  certain  amendments  as  follows : 

Section  4693  of  the  Kevised  Statutes  is  amended  so  as  to  provide  for, 
as  beneficiaries,  in  connection  with  those  already  named  therein,  officers 
and  men  of  the  Bevenue  Marine  disabled  by  wound  or  injury  received 
while  in  the  performance  of  the  duties  prescribed  in  chapter  3,  title  34, 
of  the  Bevised  Statutes,  a  class  heretofore  unprovided  for,  except  while 
co-operating  with  the  Navy  by  order  of  the  President  (see  section  4741. 
Bevised  Statutes),  and  provides  pension  for  female  nurses  who  served 
for  the  period  of  ninety  days,  or  who  contracted  a  disability  while  so 
employed ;  extends  the  law  so  as  to  include  scouts  and  certain  quar- 
termasters' employes  who  rendered  hazardous  service;  also  extends 
the  limitation  prescribed  in  the  third  paragraph  of  said  section  to  July 
1, 1886. 

Section  4693j^,  of  the  Bevised  Statutes  is  amended  so  as  to  fix  the 
date  of  commencement  of  increase  of  pension  from  the  date  of  filing 
the  application  therefor  in  cases  where  the  disability  is  permanent, 
instead  of  from  the  date  of  the  certificate  of  an  examining  surgeon 
under  the  pending  claim,  as  in  many  instances  the  evidence  on  file  is 
sufficient  to  show  the  degree  of  disability  and  the  medical  examination 
adds  no  information  to  the  case. 

It  is  also  provided  that  none  of  the  amendments  set  forth  in  this  act 
'^  shall  be  operative  as  "  against  the  limitations  prescribed  in  the  title 
'^  Pensions,"  chapter  57,  Bevised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  and 
those  imposed  by  the  acts  of  January  25  and  March  3, 1879,  except  as 
specifically  provided. 

Section  4718  of  the  Bevised  Statutes  is  amended  as  follows : 

If  any  invalid  pensioner  has  died,  or  shall  hereafter  die,  or  if  anv  person  entitled 
to  an  invalid  pension,  having  an  application  therefor  pending,  has  died,  or  shall  hero^ 
after  die,  the  accrued  pension  dae  to  the  date  of  death  in  such  case  shall  be  paid  to 
the  relative  or  relatives  of  sach  person  in  the  following  order  of  precedence,  viz : 
First,  his  widow  ;  second,  his  child  or  children,  under  sixteen  years  of  age ;  third,  his 
mother ;  fourth,  his  father ;  fifth,  his  orphan  brothers  and  sisters,  under  sixteen  years 
of  age.  Such  accrued  pension  shall  not  be  considered  as  a  part  of  the  assets  of  the 
deoeased,  nor  liable  to  be  applied  to  the  payment  of  the  debts  of  said  estate  in  any 


2  AMENDMENTS   TO   THE    PENSION   LAWS. 

'oaso  whatever,  but  shall  imire  to  the  solo  and  exclusive  benefit  of  the  person  or  per- 
sons who  are  herein  declared  to  be  entitled  to  the  same.  If  no  i)er8on  survive  who  is 
entitled  as  aforesaid  to  receive  such  accrued  pension,  no  payment  whatever  of  the 
same  shall  be  made  or  allowed,  except  so  much  as  may  be  necessary  to  reimburse  the 
persofl  or  persons  who  bore  the  expenses  of  the  last  sickness  (i.  e.,  the  immediate  at- 
tack Vvhicn  endsindeath)  and  the  burial  of  the  deceiiHed  pensioner,  where  he  did  not 
leave  sutticlent  a.H»ers  to  uwot  nnrh  expeuHes,  which  facts  nhall  be  afljudicated  by  the 
CJommissionrr  of  Pensinns,  imdersuch  rules  and  r(?;^ulation8  as  lie  Uiay  proHi-ribe,  who 
Bhall  dire*  t  the  ])aynicnt  of  ilie  sum  found  to  be  due  by  the  pcni»iou  a^ent  to  the  per- 
son found  entitled:  J*rovi(ied,  That  if  any  pensioner  dies  after  havin/i^  execut*fd  a 
voucher  to  the  proper  pension  a«jejit,  as  re<iuired  by  law  and  the  rules  and  regnla 
tionsof  the  Pension  Otfice,  containing  a  receipt  for  the  pension  then  due,  signed  and 
executed  by  the  pensioner,  then  and  in  that  case  the  payment  shall  be  completed  by 
the  pension  agent  to  tbe  person  entitled,  or  to  the  legal  representative  of  such  pen- 
sioner. 

The  change  in  this  from  the  law  as  it  now  stands  consists  in  confining 
its  provisions  to  Invalid  pensionei*s,  and  exteinling  their  benefits  to  the 
beneficiaries  of  a  soldier,  as  provided  in  other  sections,  thus  making  it 
consistent  and  harmonious  with  other  laws,  an<l  in  fixing  the  juris- 
diction of  such  cases  as  arise  under  it  with  the  Oomtnissiouer  of  Pen- 
sions.   This  amendment  is  greatly  needed. 

Section  4719  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  which  irow  provides  that  medi- 
cal evidence  be  furnished  to  show  continuan<;e  of  the  disability  for  which 
pension  was  allowed,  in  order  to  secure  the  restoration  to  the  rolls  of 
the  name  of  the  pensioner  who  has  failed  to  claim  the  pension  for  the 
period  of  three  jears,  is  so  amended  as  to  authorize  the  Commissioner 
of  Pensions,  in  cases  of  invalids,  to  accept  other  satisfactory  evidence 
as  to  the  continuance  of  the  disability,  unless  the  same  was  absolutely 
permanent  in  a  disabling  degree,  and  that  such  restoration  shall  take 
effect  from  the  date  of  last  payment. 

Section  4729  of  the  Revised  Statutes  is  amended  so  as  to  provide  the 
allowance  of  ])ensiou  on  account  of  those  who  may  hereafter  die  by 
reason  of  injury  or  disease  incurred  prior  to  March  4,  18^»1. 

Section  2  amends  the  act  api)roved  March  3,  1877,  to  remove  the  dis- 
ability of  those  who  having  participated  in  the  rebellion  have  since  its 
termination  enlisted  in  the  Army  of  the  Unite<!  States  and  became  dis- 
abled therein,  so  as  to  apply  to  those  who,  u|uler  like  circumstances, 
have  enlisted  in  the  Navy  or  Marine  Corps  of  the  United  States. 

Section  3  amends  the  act  approved  June  17,  1878,  so  as  to  entitle  all 
persons  who  are  so  permanently  and  totally  disabled  from  disabilities 
incurred  in  the  service  and  in  the  line  of  duty  as  to  require  the  regular 
personal  aid  and  attendance  of  another  person  to  a  pension  of  $72  per 
month,  and  the  pension  shall  commence  June  17,  1878,  if  the  disability 
existed  in  the  degree  herein  set  forth ;  otherwise  the  pension  shall  com- 
mence as  provided  by  existing  laws.  As  the  law  now  stands  only  those 
who  have  lost  both  hands,  both  feet,  or  the  sight  of  both  eyes,  or  were 
receiving  a  pension  at  the  rate  of  $50  per  month  at  the  date  of  the  ap- 
proval of  the  act  of  June  16, 1880,  are  entitled  to  the  rate  of  $72  per 
month,  which  imposes  an  unjust  discrimination  in  many  equally  merito- 
rious cases  where  the  pensioners  have  become  totally  helpless  by  dis- 
eases other  than  those  denominated  as  specific. 

Section  4  amends  the  act  approved  June  9, 1880,  so  as  to  include  within 
its  provisions  all  of&cers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  and  their  widows 
and  minor  children.  Said  act  now  provides  only  for  those  who  were  em- 
ployed in  the  naval  service. 

Sections  5,  6,  7,  and  8  re-enact  certain  provisions  of  the  military  es- 
^^ablishment  act  which  were  omitted  in  the  codification  of  the  laws. 

Sections  9  and  10  create  a  commission  for  the  purpose  of  settling  ac- 


AMENDMENTS   TO   THE    PENSION    LAWS.  3 

oouuts  now  existing,  or  which  may  hereafter  exist,  between  the  agents 
for  paying  pensions  and  the  United  States.  As  it  is  now  almost  impos- 
sible, owing  to  the  lack  of  such  provision  of  law,  for  agents  to  secure  a 
settlement  of  their  accounts,  the  committee  regard  this  section  as  emi- 
nently just,  and  imperatively  required  in  the  interest  of  bonded  officers 
and  the'  public  service. 

Section  11  provides  that  in  cases  of  an  overpayment  of  pension  the 
pension  which  accrues  thereafter  shall  be  applied  to  the  credit  of  such 
overpayment,  but  in  the  case  of  death  of  the  pensioner  only  such  pen- 
sion as  accrued  to  the  date  of  said  death  shall  be  placed  to  the  credit  of 
sach  overpayment.  This  works  no  hardship  to  the  pensioner  and  pre- 
vents loss  to  the  Gov(!rnment. 

Section  12  extends  to  the  several  United  States  pension  agents  the 
provisions  of  sections  5  and  6  of  an  act  entitled  "  An  act  establishing 
post-roads,  and  for  other  purposes,''  approved  March  3, 1877,  being  the 
extension  of  the  use  of  the  penalty  envelope.  The  law  now  provides  that 
pension  agents  shall  pay  such  postage  and  receive  reimbursement  from 
the  Government  therefor.  It  seems  to  us  proper  that  the  penalty  en- 
velope be  used  in  all  such  cases. 

Section  13  repeals  sections  1G39  and  1656,  in  title  16,  relating  respect- 
ively to  the  care  of  the  militia  who  were  wounded,  and  providing  for 
the  widows  and  children  of  those  who  die ;  section  4716,  in  title  67,  which 
provides  that  no  money  on  account  of  pension  shall  be  paid  to  any 
I>erson  who  in  any  manner  voluntarily  aided  and  abetted  the  late 
rebellion;  section  4722,  relating  to  the  Missouri  militia;  4741,  providing 
pension  to  officers  and  seamen  of  revenue  cutters;  also  the  acts  approved 
June  17,  1878,  March  3,  1879,  and  June  16,  1880,  relating  to  increase  of 
pension  of  certain  pensioned  soldiers  and  sailors,  who  are  utterly  help- 
less from  injuries  received  or  disease  contracted  while  in  the  United 
States  service,  the  same  being  provided  for  in  this  bill. 

These  amendments  have  received  the  careful  attention  of  the  com- 
mittee in  all  their  aspects,  and  after  mature  deliberation  and  examina- 
tion  the  committee  present  them  as  proper  and  recommend  their 
•  adoption. 

We  append  certain  explanatory  notes  furnished  by  .the  Commissioner 
of  Pensions,  which  more  clearly  and  fully  show  the  reasons  for  the 
changes  in  existing  laws  proposed  in  this  bill  as  follows : 


Memoranda  accompanying  Senate  bill  1241. 

In  section  4693  paragraph  1  remains  unchanged. 

Paragraph  2  is  a  re-enactoient  of  section  4722,  Revised  Statutes.  That  section,  how- 
ever, imposed  a  limitation  that  all  claims  therenuder  should  be  prosecated  to  a  snc- 
cessfnl  issue  prior  to  March  3,  1873.  The  class  referred  to  are  held  to  bo  within  the 
description  contained  in  section  4692.  Their  service  was  determined  b}'  a  commission 
created  by  Congress,  and  the  records  on  file  in  the  War  Department  is  and  has  been 
sufficient  to  bring  them  within  the  operation  of  the  law  without  regard  to  section  4722. 
To  repeal  this  section  without  otherwise  providing  for  thom  might  be  construed  as 
denying  the  right  to  pension.  The  proposed  amendment  simply  reconciles  an  ap- 
parent inconsistency  of  the  statutes,  and  does  not  provide  for  any  new  class. 

The  terms  of  paragraph  3  were  enacted  in  its  general  provisions  by  an  act  approved 
March  25,  1862  (see  Statutes  at  Laree,  vol.  10,  chap.  49),  but  in  the  revision  of  the 
statutes  in  1674  it  was  not  re-enacted.  In  the  full  effect  of  the  provisions  of  the  act 
referred  to,  now  contained  in  the  proposed  paragraph,  were  declared  by  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Pensions  in  a  ruling,  and  the  same  is  now  in  force.  There  was  a  period 
since  1874  when  a  pension  was  denied  to  this  class,  and  improperly  so,  I  think.  The 
proposed  amendment  gives  no  additional  rights  or  title  than  the  practice  of  the  office 
now  concedes  under  the  act  of  March  25,  1862. 


4  AMENDMENTS   TO   THE    PENSION    LAWS. 

■ 

Para^n^pb  4  provides  for  officers  and  seamen  of  the  Re  venae  Marine.  Section  4T41. 
Beviflc^d  8tati]te8,  now  provides  for  this  cla«s  in  the  same  manner  as  is  provided  in 
this  paragraph,  whenever  the  disability  described  shall  have  been  received  while  in 
the  discbarge  of  their  duty  wbile  co-operating  with  the  Navy  by  order  of  the  Presi- 
dent. The  new  legislation  propose*!  provides  a  pension  for  wonud  or  injury  received 
in  discharge  of  their  duty.  The  statute  (bee  chap.  3,  title  34,  R.  S.)  defines  the  duties 
of  this  class;  also  the  relative  rank  of  the  commissioned  officers,  compared  with  those 
in  the  Navy. 

Paragraph  5  more  clearly  defines  the  duties  of  the  class  referred  to  and  conforms  to 
the  practice  of  the  office. 

Paragra^ih  6,  while  describing  specifically  certain  classes,  is  for  the  purpose  of  hav- 
ing  a  btatutoiy  description,  as  there  has  not  been  uniform  practice  in  regard  to  them 
in  former  years.  The  new  legislation  containeil  in  this  paragraph  will  be  determined 
by  the  liujitation.  In  the  existing  law  the  limitation  expired  Jnne  4,  1^4.  This 
amendment  proposes  to  extend  the  time  for  this  class  in  which  to  further  prosecute 
their  claims.  It  is  impracticable  to  form  an  intelligent  estimate  of  the  namber  who 
would  be  entitled,  l>ut  twenty-five  would  appear  as  a  maximum. 

The  amendment  in  paragraph  7  is  simply  the  addition  of  the  words  "  on  duty*'  and 
more  explanatory-  than  otherwise. 

Paragraph  ^  is  unchanged. 

Paragraph  D  includes  female  nuKses,  and  Ls  new. 

In  Section  4094  ihe  words  **  station  of  duty**  are  added,  as  much  confusion  has  at 
times  arisen  as  to  the  proper  definition  of  a  military  post  within  the  meaning  of  this 
statute. 

Section  4G96  provides  that  in  determining  the  rank  of  a  commissioned  officer  by  hh 
commission  or  appointment,  there  shall  also  have  been  a  vacancy  in  the  rank  con- 
ferred by  such  comnii.ssion  or  aj  i>ointnient.  Commissions  were  not  issned  except  in 
cases  of  vacancies  in  the  grade  for  which  commissioned.  The  vacancy  which  the 
statute  refers  to  is  rather  a  technical  than  an  actual  one.  One  example  will  illus- 
trate the  whole  class.  A  first  lieutenant  is  killed  in  action,  leaving  the  company  with 
but  two  commissioned  officers.  The  second  lieutenant  is  commissiont  d  to  fill  that 
vacancy,  and  the  first  sergeant  that  of  the  second  lieutenancy.  Under  orders  of  the 
War  Department  a  company  or  command  reduced  below  a  certain  miuimnm  number 
was  not  entitled  to  have  mustered  its  full  complement  of  officers.  In  snch  a  case  as 
cited,  the  second  lieutenant  would  perform  the  duties  of  the  next  higher  grade  and 
this  first  sergeant  those  of  the.  second  lieutenant.  If  wounded  or  disabled  while  i>er- 
forming  such  duties  he  should  have  the  benefit  of  the  rank  conferred  by  his  commis- 
sion, whether  there  was  a  vacancy  in  that  grade  or  not.  Under  the  statutes  as  now  ex- 
isting the  second  lieutenant  would  be  entitled  to  the  next  higher  grade,  but  if  he 
should  not  claim  it,  or  was  not  entitled  to  a  pension,  or  should  have  been  killed  in 
service,  the  sergeant,  who  would  be  the  only  officer  in  the  company,  would  not  be  en- 
titled to  a  pension  under  his  commission  unless  his  disability  was  received  after  the 
death  of  the  second  lieutenant.  As  these  restrictions  apply  almost  wholly  to  the  older 
organization  in  the  servi^ — the  veterans— it  operates  in  great  injustice  to  a  small  but 
specially  deserving  class. 

Section  4698,  1-2 :  The  statute  in  force  provides  that  in  case  of  increa^se  of  pension, 
the  same  shall  commence  from  the  date  of  the  examining  surgeon's  certificate  e^itab- 
lishing  the  same  made  under  the  pending  claim.     The  proi>osed  amendment  strike:^ 
out  the  words  "made  under  the  pending  claim."    The  object  of  this  is  that  in  many 
cases  the  evidence  on  file  is  sufficient  to  show  the  degree  of  disaibility,  and  an  addi- 
tional medical  examination  adds  no  information  to  the  case.     It  is  not  infrequently 
the  case  that  a  claimant  appears  in  person  at  this   office,  claiming  that  his   pen- 
sion is  not  properly  rated,  and  upon  his  request  he  is  accorded  a  medical  examina- 
tion.    Having  failed  to  make  application  for  increase,  no  action  can  be  taken  on  this 
examination;  but  perhaps  in  a  day  or  two  he  may  be  directed  to  appear  before  the 
same  board,  that  the  same  facts  may  be  recited  to  bring  the  same  within  the  de- 
scription of  the  statutes.     Cases  of  this  description  will  arise :  A  man  may  be  pen- 
sioned at  $3  for  the  loss  of  a  thumb.     The  rate  allowetl  for  this  disability  is  uniformly 
$4  per  month.     When  the  attention  of  the  office  is  invited  to  this  erroneous  rate,  it 
necessarily  requires  the  claimant  to  make  an  application  in  due  form,  and  afterwards 
to  appear  before  a  surgeon,  or  board  of  surgeons,  to  certifv  to  a  fact  which  is  clearly 
shown  in  the  papers  on  file  in  the  case.     The  proviso  whicn  is  proposed  to  the  amend- 
ment defines  the  terms  ** specific  disability"  mentioned  in  the  same.     The  loss  of  a 
thumb  or  a  finger  is  as  much  a  permanent  disability  as  the  loss  of  a  li^md  or  a  foot, 
yet  the  construction  given  the  statute  has  been   that  a   "permanent  specific  dis- 
ability" relates  only  to  those  mentioned  in  the  law  for  which  a  specific  rate  is  pro- 
vided.    The  restrictions,  therefore,  which  are  imposed,  operate  to  do  great  injustice 
in  many  cases.     In  former  years  the  rating  of  pensions  was  done  by  tlie  examiners, 
and  their  records  will  show  that,  as  an  instance,  for  the  loss  of  a  thumb,  pension  has 
been  allowed  at  the  rate  of  $-,  §2.66^,  §3,  $3.t>()f,  and  ?4  per  month. 


AMENDMENTS   TO   THE   PENSION   LAWS. 


t»ip 


The  rate  now  and  for  several  years  allowed  for  this  disability  has  been  $4  per  month, 
^iost  of  these  inequalities  have  been  corrected  in  times  past,  but  cases  occasionally 
cuise  where  the  pensioner  is  in  receipt  of  a  less  pension  than  the  rule  and  practice  of 
the  office  now,  and  has  for  several  years  conceded  for  the  same  disability.  Such 
equalization  of  rates  as  would  follow  under  the  proposed  proviso  relates  only  to  those 
Usabilities  which  are  actually  permanent  in  their  degree,  and  which  are  so  shown 
^y  evidence  on  file,  so  that  no  testimony  is  necessary,  and  should  not  be,  to  show  an 
antecedent  physical  condition  in  a  case  which  has  once  been  adjudicated.  It  simply 
places  pensioners  upon  the  same  footing  who  are  pensioned  under  the  law  and  under 
the  sxuue  circumstances.  It  does  not,  as  rai^ht  be  supposed,  readjudicate  a  case  so  as 
to  allow  a  pensioner  a  rate  of  pension  which  might  be  more  in  excess,  under  the 
present  practice,  than  what  it  was  in  former  years. 

Section  4713 :  Commencing  on  line  200,  the  amendment  proposed  provides  that  the 
pension  shall  commence  from  the  date  of  filing  the  formal  application  instead  of  as  now 
required,  upon  the  date  of  tiling  the  last  paper,  requisite  to  establish  the  claim.  The 
claims  allowed  prior  to  June  6, 1866,  will  not,  of  course,  be  affected  by  the  proposed 
legislation.  It  further  provides  that  no  claim  filed  prior  to  March  4,  1861,  will  be  al- 
lowed to  commence  other  than  provided  by  Ihe  laws  as  they  now  exist,  but  that 
since  that  date  it  places  this  class  of  claims  more  nearly  upon  the  footing  of  all  others. 

Section  471.9:  In  line  219  instead  of  providing  that  medical  testimony  alone  be  re- 
quired to  show  the  continuance  of  a  disability,  it  is  that  medical  or  other  satisfactory 
evidence.  There  are  a  class  of  disabilities  necessarily  permanent  in  their  character 
in  which  the  claimant  WQuld  find  it  impossible  to  furnish  medical  testimony,  there 
having  been  no  occasion  for  medical  treatment,  yet  the  character  of  the  disability  is 
snch  that  a  layman  is  as 'competent  to  testify  as  an}'  surgeon  ;  for  instance,  the  loss 
of  an  eye  or  the  loss  of  a  tiuger.  The  amendment  is  sufficiently  strong  to  exclude  dis- 
abilities from  which  the  pensioner  maj*  have  recovered  and  accepts  the  testimony  in- 
dicated in  the  amendment  only  on  condition  that  the  disability  was  absolutely  per- 
manent in  a  disabling  degree.  In  tlie  statute  that  now  exists,  the  clause  **  who 
were  not  exempt  from  uiennial  examination  "  is  stricken  out,  snch  examination  being 
no  longer  necessary. 

Section  4729 :  The  recommendation  is  that  in  the  case  of  those  who  may  hereafter  die 
by  reason  of  any  injurj'  or  disease  contracted  in  wars  prior  to  1861,  pension  may  be 
auowed  on  account  of  said  death  the  same  as  though  they  had  died  in  the  service,  as 
is  now  provided. 

Xhe  amendment  proposed  in  section  2  is  to  the  act  of  March  3,  1877,  the  substance 
of  which  is  that  any  person  who,  in  any  manner,  engaged  in  or  aided  or  abetted  the 
late  rebellion  and  afterwards  voluntarily  eiilisted  iu  the  Army  of  the  United  States, 
shall  not  be  deprived  of  tbeir  right  to  any  pension  to  which  tliey  would  otherwise  be 
entitled.  The  amendment  proposed  is  to  include  as  well  those  who  afterwards  volun- 
tarily enlisted  iu  the  Navy  or  Marine  Corps  of  the  United  States.  The  class  to  be 
benefited  would  be  very  small,  relating  almost  entirely  to  such  persons  who  have 
since  the  termination  of  the  war  or  may  hereafter  enlist  in  the  Navy  or  Marine  Corps 
and  contracted  a  disability  which  would  entitle  them  to  a  x>ension. 

Section  3  amends  the  act  of  June  17,  1878,  as  well  as  that  of  June  16,  18'^. 

The  act  of  June  18,  1874,  provides  ^50  per  month  from  June  4,  1874,  as  follows  : 

1.  Loss  sight  of  both  eyes. 

2.  Loss  sight  of  one  eye,  the  ^ight  of  the  other  having  been  previously  lost. 

3.  Loss  of  both  hands. 

4.  Loss  of  both  feet. 

5.  Any  other  injury  resulting  in  total  and  permanent  helplessness,  &c. 

The  act  of  June  17,  1878,  provides  a  rate  or  $72  from  June  17,  1878,  as  follows: 

1.  Loss  of  both  hands. 

2.  Loss  of  both  feet. 

3.  Loss  sight  of  both  eyes. 

See  that  tliis  act  omitted  classes  Nos.  2  and  5  of  act  of  June  IH,  1874. 

Act  June  16,  1880,  provides  $72  from  June  17,  1878,  for  all  who  are  now  receiving 
f50  per  month ;  consequently  all  of  the  five  classes  in  the  act  of  1874  who  were  at  the 
date  of  last- named  act  receiving  IgSO  per  month  are  placed  on  same  footing,  but  any 
person  in  classes  2  and  5  who  was  receiving  a  less  auiount,  and  by  an  increase  of  his 
aisability  so  that  he  would  be  otherwise  entitled  to  $72  per  month,  is  excepted ;  also 
any  new  case  of  pension  of  these  two  classes,  in  both  instances  named,  receiving  but 
$50  per  month.  While  it  is  mere  guess-work  as  to  the  number  who  would  be  bene- 
fited by  the  proposed  change  in  the  law,'  it  may  be  stated  that  twelve  or  fifteen  a 
year  is  believed  to  be  a  liberal  estimate.  Of  the  classes  mentioned  in  act  of  June  17, 
1874,  there  have  been  an  annual  average  of  ninety-three  increased  since  1878,  most  of 
them,  however,  being  on  account  of  total  blindness. 

Section  4  amends  the  act  of  June  9,  1880,  which  provided  that  certain  sections  of 
the  Revised  Statutes  should  not  operate  to  reduce  the  pension  of  certain  persons  who 
served  in  the  Navy  as  well  as  their  widows  and  minor  children,  and  directed  that  in 


6  AMENDMENTS   TO   THE   PENSION    LAWS. 

any  such  case  where  the  pension  had  been  reduced  it  should  be  restored  to  the  former 
rate.  The  class  of  Navy  pensioners  thus  benefited  was  comparatively  small,  as  in  but 
few  instances  did  the  rate  of  pension  exceed  that  provided  by  the  act  of  July  14, 
1862,  and  subsequent  acts.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  such  cases  the  act  orig- 
inally granting  them  pensions  was  based  upon  the  pay  list  of  the  Navy  as  it  then 
existed  and  further  provided  that  the  pension  allowed  should  continue  during  their 
natural  lives,  with  a  few  immaterial  exceptions.  The  proposed  amendment  places 
pensioners  of  the  Army  and  their  widows  upon  the  same  footing.  It  is  not  believed 
that  more  than  a  half  dozen  will  come  within  the  proposed  modification  of  the  law. 

Sections  5,  6,  7,  and  8  is  a  re-enactment  of  certain  provisions  of  the  military  estab- 
lishment act,  and  such  changes  as  have  taken  place  m  the  phraseology  is  more  to  con- 
form to  subsequent  legislation  without  materially  affecting  the  practice  in  regard  to 
these  claims.  In  the  codification  of  the  laws  by  the  revision  of  the  statutes  the  re- 
enactment  of  these  provisions  was  omitted,  and  without  question,  by  oversight,  aa 
certain  limitations  relating  to  them  formed  a  part  of  existing  law  while  those  grant- 
ing title,  as  before  stated,  were  omitted.  Under  former  rulings  of  the  office  these 
statutes  have  been  given  full  force  and  effect,  but  it  is  believed  desirable  to  have  them 
re-enacted. 

{Sections  9  and  10  creates  a  commission  to  settle  certain  accounts  with  pension  agents, 
and  defines  the  classes  of  such  accounts  which  shall  be  so  settled.  For  a  better  under- 
standing of  the  object  and  necessity  for  the  same,  the  following  may  l)e stated:  Pen- 
sion agents  and  officers  of  the  Interior  Department,  and  as  such  receive  all  their  in- 
structions therefrom.  In  making  a  payment  of  pension,  as>directed  by  a  pension  cer- 
tificate, they  perform  statutory  duties.  John  Smith,  of  Company  A,  First  New  York 
Volnuteers,  may  have  a  claim  for  pension,  and  the  sifme  is  allowed.  The  post-ofl&oe 
address  of  the  pensioner,  accompanying  the  certificate,  is  forwarded  to  the  pension 
agent,  and  he  directed  to  make  the  payment.  It  is  afterwards  discovered  that  by 
means  of  fake  personation  the  claim  was  improperly  allowed  by  this  office,  and  the 
legal  claimant  coming  forward  is  entitled  to  receive  his  pension.  Upon  this  state  of 
fact«,  after  an  investigation,  the  trial,  conviction,  and  imprisonment  of  the  person 
who  falsely  personated  the  pensioner,  the  pension  is  paid  to  the  legal  claimant.  So 
long  as  payment  was  confined  to  the  first  named,  and  it  appears  that  the  same  was 
made  withont  fault  on  the  part  of  the  pension  agent,  his  accounts  going  through  the 
offices  of  the  Auditor  and  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  are  all  correct,  but  as  aoon  as 
the  payment  is  made  to  the  legal  claimant,  there  will,  of  course,  appear  tw^o  pensions 
paid  for  the  same  period  in  the  name  of  the  same  person.  It  is  simply  a  question  of 
book-keeping,  of  debit  and  credit,  consequently  the  unlawful  payment  stands  charged 
against  the  pension  agent.  It  may  be  unnecessary  to  state  that  the  accounting  officer 
of  the  Treasury  can  ext^rcise  no  discretion  in  such  cases,  therefore  an  agent  is  unable 
to  get  a  final  settlement  under  his  official  bond.  In  such  cases,  no  suit  is  brought  as 
the  agent  has  performed  his  duties  strictly  in  accordance  with  the  statutes  and  the 
instructions  given  him  thereunder.  Such  a  case  as  here  cited  is  not  an  imaginary 
one,  but  there  were  quite  a  number  in  the  past  several  years. 

Another  class,  illustrating  in  a  different  manner :  Awidow  or  dependent  mother 
dies,  leaving  less  than  a  quarter's  pension  due.  No  one  survives  who  is  entitled  to 
receive  the  pension.  Some  member  of  the  family  falsely  personates  the  dead  pen- 
sioner, the  voucher  is  executed  in  the  manner  and  form  prescribed  under  the  statutes 
and  mailed  to  the  pension  agent,  who  issues  his  check  in  accordance  with  the  alleged 
facts.  Now,  in  this  class  the  fraud  could  be  continuous,  or,  if  terminated,  there  is 
little  probability  of  its  discovery  except  through  the  vigilance  of  the  pension  a^ent. 
If,  upon  its  discovery,  he  shall  remain  silent,  the  facts  are  not  brought  to  light, 
while,  on  the  contrary,  the  amount  overpaid  is  charged  against  the  agent.  It  is  in 
the  highest  degree  creditable  to  these  gentlemen,  knowing  full  well  that  in  their  ef- 
forts to  discover  these  frauds  they  will  be  charged  most  unjustly  with  the  overpay- 
ment, yet  they  invariably  pursue  such  a  course  as  will  bring  the  offender  to  justice. 
There  are  several  other  classes  presenting  features  somewhat  different,  but  operating 
in  the  same  unjust  manner. 

In  providing  for  the  con;)mission  the  auditing  and  accounting  officer  of  the  Treas- 
ury and  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  are  suggested,  as  one  direct-s  the  allowance  of 
the  pension,  is  the  judge  of  the  law  and  facts  in  the  case — while  the  other  two  audit 
and  settle  the  accounts  of  the  pension  agents. 

Section  10  is  so  framed  that  no  cases  except  those  in  which  it  may  be  claimed  that 
the  agent  who  makes  the  payment  pursued  any  other  course  than  provided  by  the 
statutes  can  be  settled  by  the  proposed  commission. 

Section  II  very  fully  explains  itself,  but  one  example  will  better  illustrate  its  gen- 
eral object :  A  pensioner  may  by  error  be  overpaid,  or  by  error  one  pensioner  may  re- 
ceive the  voucher  of  another  upon  which  he  receives  more  pension  than  his  own  cer- 
tificate grants  him,  or  he  may  receive  his  own  pension  and  that  of  another  by  such  an 
error.  This  overpayment  may  be  recovered  out  of  the  pension  which  accrues  in  the 
future,  the  pensioner  signing  the  voucher  each  quarter,  and  the  check  for  the  amount 


ABfENDMENTS   TO    THE   PENSION   LAWS.  7 

covers  the  same  into  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  sach  overpayment.  Now,  when  the 
amount  overpaid  is  sufficient  to  amouut  to  several  quarters  the  pensioner  will  often 
refuse  to  execute  vouchers  for  each  quarter  as  it  subjects  him  to  the  notarial  fee. 
Even  if  the  whole  amouut  of  overpayment  was  allowed  to  accumulate,  one  voucher 
lYould  be  sufficient,  but  it  frequently  happens  that  the  pensiouer  dies  leaving  an  amouut 
of  pension  due.  Without  au  executed  voucher  the  auditiug  officer  of  the  Treasury 
cannot  ^ve  the  agent  the  proper  credit,  notwithstanding  a  sufficient  amount  bus  ac- 
crue4  in  such  pension  to  liquidate,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  same.  This  section  sim- 
ply provides  that  such  pension  as  accrues  in  such  cases  may  be  credited  in  the  same 
manner  as  though  a  voucher  had  been  execut'^d.  It  does  not  relieve  the  agent  iu  any 
way  from  any  i>bligation  to  the  United  States,  but  simply  permits  the  credit  of  an 
overpayment  in  such,  and  only  such  amounts  as  actually  accrue  to  the  credit  of  the 
Government. 

The  acts  referred  to  in  section  12  may  be  found  as  follows :  Section  5  and  6,  act  of 
March  3,  1879,  in  Chapter  103,  page  287,  iu  the  supplement  to  the  Revised  Statutes, 
and  the  act  of  March  3,  1879.  section  29,  in  volume  20,  Statutes  at  Large,  Chapter 
180.  page  362. 

The  purpose  of  section  12  is  to  provide  that  pension  agents  may  be  privileged  to 
use  the  penalty  envelope  the  same  as  other  officers  of  the  Government  are  entitled  to 
do.  Under  present  acts  the  pension  agents  are  entitled  to  reimbursement  on  account 
of  postage,  so  that  the  only  differeuce  it  will  make  will  be  to  save  from  the  peusion 
appropriation  the  amounts  so  reimbursed,  making  a  corresponding  loss  to  the  revenue 
of  thePost-Office  Department.  Besides  this  it  saves  the  pension  agents  the  annoyance 
aud  trouble  of  attaching  postage  stamps  to  their  mail  matter.  Not  less  than  a  million 
and  one-half  of  stamps  are  used  by  the  several  pension  agents  annually. 

In  section  13  the  repeal  of  sections  1639  and  1656  in  Title  lb  of  the  Revised  Statutes  is 
for  the  purpose  that  the  provisions  contained  therein  aie  in  Title  57  of  said  statutes. 
The  repeal  of  4716  is  that  which  relates  to  disloyalty.  The  repeal  of  4722  is  for  the 
reason  that  its  provisions  are  contained  iu  paragraph  2  of  section  4693  of  this  bill. 
The  repeal  of  section  4741  is  for  the  reason  that  its  provisions  and  additional  recom- 
mendations are  contained  in  paragraph  4  of  section  4693  in  this  bill.  The  repeal  of 
the  acts  approved  June  17,  1878,  and  March  3,  1879,  and  June  16,  J880,  referred  to  in 
section  13,  is  for  the  reason  that  all  of  their  provisions  with  some  recommendations 
are  contained  in  section  3  of  this  bill. 


t. 


h 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  i  Beport 

let  Seisian.       i  \  No.  o60. 


IS  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Hat  22,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Fair,  from  the  Committee  on  Claims,  snbmttted  the  following 

REPORT; 

[To  accompany  bill  8.  803.1 

I%€  Committee  on  ClaimSj  to  whom  was  referred  Senate  biU  No.  803,  have 
had  the  same  under  considerationj  and  beg  leave  to  siibmit  the  following 
report,  viz: 

A  bill  of  similar  import  was  referred  to  the  Honse  Committee  on  In- 
dian Affairs  in  the  first  session  of  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  and 
favorably  reported  from  that  committee. 

Mr.  Mason,  from  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  submitted  the  following  report, 

to  acoompaoy  bill  H.  R.  1714. 

The  Ckfmmiilee  on  Indian  Affairs,  to  whom  was  r^errsd  the  hill  {H,  B,  1714)  for  the  relief  of 
Overton  Love  and  Wyatt  Qilschristf  having  had  the  same  under  consideration,  submit  the 
following  report : 

The  cases  of  Love  and  Gilschrist,  both  Chickasaw  Indians,  arise  under  article  14  of 
the  treaty  of  Jnne  22,  1855,  made  between  the  United  States  and  the  Chickasaw  and 
Choctaw  Nations.    Article  14  of  that  treaty  reads  as  follows  : 

''The  United  Stat«*8 shall  protect  the  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws  from  domestic  strife, 
from  hostile  incursion,  and  from  aggression  by  other  Indians  and  white  persons  not 
subject  to  their  jurisdiction  and  laws;  and  for  all  injuries  resulting  from  such  incur- 
sion or  aggression  full  indemnity  is  hereby  guaranteed  to  the  partvor  parties  injured 
out  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  upon  the  same  principle  and  acconling  to 
the  same  niles  upon  which  white  persons  are  entitled  to  indemnity  for  injurie8  or 
aggressions  upon  them,  committed  by  Indians.'' 

The  evidence  in  the  two  cases  was  taken  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the 
Interior  Department  under  theprovisionsof  section7of  theactof  May29, 1872,  which 
prescribes  the  duty  of  that  Department  in  the  examination  and  allowance  of  all  such 
cases. 

Both  the  claims  have  been  allowed  by  the  Conmiissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  as  required  by  the  act  of  1872 ;  the  claim  of  Overton  Love 
having  been  allowed  for  $7,300,  and  the  claim  of  Wyatt  Gilschrist  for  $300. 

The  evidence  in  the  case  of  Overton  Love  shows  that  Love  is  a  Chickasaw  Indian 
and  a  citizen  of  Pickens  County,  Chickasaw  Nation,  Indian  Territory  ;  that  a  band  of 
Comanches  raided,  in  February,  1867,  through  that  portion  of  the  Chickasaw  Narion 
in  which  Love  resided,  and  stole  horses  from  parties  resident  in  that  nation,  and  also 
from  parties  resident  in  Cooke  County,  Texas,  immediately  adjacent  to  the  Chickasaws ; 
that  Love  lost  by  that  raid  ninety-nine  head  of  horses,  stolen  by  the  Comanches. 
The  stock  consisted  of  a  number  of  valuable  brood  mares  with  accompanying  colts ; 
also  H  number  of  one,  two,  and  three  year  old  colts,  and  two  valuable  stallious,  ag- 
gregating in  value,  in  the  opinion  of  claimant  and  witnesses,  $15,200. 

The  Indian  agent  for  the  Chickasaws  and  Choctaws  and  Comanches  have  exam- 
ined and  reported  upon  the  claim  to  the  Department.  These  reports  are  among  the 
reconls  and  papers  transmitted  to  Congress  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and 
agree  with  the  evidence  filed  in  the  case,  in  showing  that  the  loss  was  actual,  and 
occurred  at  the  time  stated ;  that  the  witnesses  were  all  reputable  persona  and  credi- 


2  OVEETON   LOVE   AND   WYATT   6ILSCHHI8T. 

ble ;  tliat  the  claimant  bad  never  recovered  any  of  the  stolen  property,  or  been  other- 
wise compensated  therefor ;  bat  recommend  a  redaction  in  the  amount  of  indemnity 
claimed  for  the  reason  that  the  Indians  estimated  their  loss  at  a  j^reenback  valnation. 
which  was  always  higher  among  them  than  a  gold  valnation.  The  Department  there- 
fore h:ive  reduced  their  allowance  of  indemnity  to  Love  to  ^,300. 

In  the  case  of  WyattGilschrist  the  evidence  shows  that  he  is  an  Indian  and  a  citi- 
zen of  Pototoo  Coiinty,  Chickasaw  Nation ;  and  that  in  6epteiii1>er,  1866,  he  had  foar 
head  of  horseH,  valned  ar.  $4W,  stolen  from  him  by  a  raiding  band  of  Comanches.  That 
the  witnesses  were  reputable  and  credible  persons ;  that  the  claimant  bad  never  re- 
coven'.d  any  of  the  stolen  property,  or  been  compensated  therefor,  and  that  with  a 
redaction  of  the  claim  to  $300  it  sbonld  be  allowed. 

The  reports  of  the  Indian  agents  in  this  case,  as  in  that  of  Love\  confirm  the  loss 
as  actaal,  and  as  having  occurred  at  the  time  stated  by  the  witnesses,  and  recommend 
the  allowance  of  indemnity  to  the  amount  of  $300. 

There  are  a  large  number  of  claims  similar  to  this  and  of  equal  merit 
now  on  file  in  the  oltice  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs.  The 
Government  has  never  reco^ized  its  liability  for  these  claims.  It  is 
true  that  some  of  them  have  from  time  to  time  been  paid  by  special 
bills,  but  heretofore  Congress  has  declined  to  adopt  any  general  measure 
looking  to  the  payment  of  these  claims.  No  good  reason  can  be  ^iven 
why  the  claims  of  Love  and  Gilschrist  should  be  selected  for  payment 
out  of  a  large  number  of  similar  claims.  If  these  claimants  ought  to 
be  paid  their  claim  other  claimants  equally  meritorious  should  also  be 
paid.  Until  Congress  takes  up  the  whole  matter  and  settles  the  course 
it  will  pursue  we  cannot  recommend  the  payment  of  any  of  these 
claims. 

Your  committee  therefore  report  back  the  bill  and  recommend  that  it 
do  not  pass. 


48th  Congress,  \  SENATE.  i  UEPcarr 

Isf  Session.       |  \  No.  570. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  2'i,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  priuted. 


Mr.  Fair,  from  the  Committee  on  Claims,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  S.  804.] 

The  Committee  on  Claims,  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  {8.  804) /or  the 
relief  of  William  Bedao  and  others^  respectfully  report  as  follows  : 

These  claims  arose  oat  of  depredations  committed  by  the  Kiowa  and 
Oomanche  Indians  in  the  Stat«  of  Texas.  The  claimants  are  all  citizens 
of  Texas,  generally  engaged  in  agriculture  or  stock-raising,  quietly  and 
peaceably  pursuing  their  avocations,  having  nothing  to  do  with  trade 
or  traffic  with  the  Indians,  and  in  no  way  connected  with  any  disturb- 
ance between  whites  and  Indians  there  or  elsewhere.  They  were  all 
citizens  of  the  State  of  Texas,  and  while  engaged  in  peaceful  pursuits 
were  set  upon  by  bands  of  Indians  (who  were  supposed  to  be  under  the 
restraint  and  control  of  the  Government,  on  theijr  reservations),  their 
stock  stampeded  and  driven  oft*,  and  other  property  destroyed  or  car- 
ried away,  and  in  many  cases  th^ir  herders  killed  or  wounded.  They 
have,  as  the  evidence^  shows,  at  all  times  refrained  from  any  violation 
of  law  by  taking  the  remedy  into  their  own  hands  and  giving  blow  for 
blow,  but  have,  in  compliance  with  the  laws  which  Congress  has  frokn 
time  to  time  passed  for  their  protection  and  indemnity,  made  out  their 
claims,  supported  them  by  ample  proof,  both  as  to*  quantity  and  value, 
and  have  presented  them  to  the  officers  designated  by  the  Government 
to  examine  into  their  justness  and  the  truthfulness  of  their  statements; 
and  those  officers,  after  having  sent  the  claims  to  the  agents  of  the 
different  tribes. to  be  presented  to  the  Indians  for  their  statements  in  re- 
gard to  them,  and  after  hearing  the  reports  of  those  agents  and  making 
a  careful  examination  of  the  proofs  oft'ered  by  the  claimants,  have  allowed 
them  the  various  sums  for  payment  of  which  the  claimants  now  ask  an 
appropriation  by  Congress. 
The  laws  under  which  these  cases  are  payable  are  as  follows : 
By  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1802  (4  U.  S.  Stat,  at  L., 
chap.  13,  sec.  14,  page  143),  it  is  provided  that — 

If  any  Indian  or  Indians  belonging  to  any  tribe  in  amity  with  the  United  States 
eball  come  over  or  cross  the  said  boundary  line  (that  is,  the  line  of  the  reservation) 
into  any  State  or  Territory  inhabited  by  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  there  take, 
steal,  or  destroy  any  borse  or  horses,  or  other  property  belonging  to  any  citizen  or  in- 
habitant of  the  United  StiLtc^,  or  of  eith^  of  the  territoriafdistricts  of  the  United 
States,  and  shall  commit  any  murder,  violence,  or  outrage  upon  any  citizen  or  inhab- 
itant, it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  citizen  or  inhabitant,  his  representative,  attorney, 
or  agent,  to  make  application  to  the  superintendent,  or  such  other  person  as  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  shall  authorize  for  that  purpose,  who,  being  duly  furnished 
with  the  necessarv  documents  and  proofs,  shall,  under  the  direction  or  instruction  of 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  make  application  to  the  nation  or  tribe  to  which 


2  WILLIAM    BEDDO   AND    OTHERS. 

«uch  Indiau  or  Indians  8liall  belong  for  RatiHfaction  ;  and  if  snch  nation  or  tribe  Khali 
neglect  or  refnse  to  make  satisfaction  in  a  reasonable  time,  not  exceeding  twelve 
months,  then  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  superintendent,  or  other  person  authorized 
^hs  aforesaid,  to  make  return  of  his  doings  to  the  President  of  the  Uuit-ed  States,  and 
forward  to  him  all  the  documents  and  proofs  in  the  case,  that  such  further  stejw  may 
betaken  as  shall  be  proper  to  obtain  satisfaction  for  the  injury,  and,  in  the  mean 
time,  in  resiiect  to  the  property  so  taken,  stolen,  or  destroyed,  the  United  States  guar- 
antee to  the  party  injure<l  an  eventual  iudeuinifieation  :  Provided^  aUraySt  That  if  such 
injured  party,  his  representative,  attorney,  or  agent,  shall  in  any  way  violate  any  of 
the  provisions  of  this  act  by  seeking  or  attempting  to  obtain  private  satisfaction  or 
revenge  by  crossing  over  the  line  on  any  of  the  Indian  lands,  he  shall  forfeit  all  claim  • 
upon  the  United  States  for  such  indemnitication  :  And  provided  aUo^  That  nothing 
contained  herein  shall  prevent  the  legal  apprehension  or  arresting  within  the  limits  of 
any  State  or  district  of^  any  Indian  having  so  offended  :  And  provided  furthtr,  That  it 
should  be  lawful  for  the  President  of  the  United  States  t^i  deduct  such  sum  or  smnsas 
shall  be  paid  for  the  property  taken,  stolen,  or  destroyed  by  any  snch  Indian,  out  of 
the  annual  ntipend  which  the  United  States  are  bound  to  pay  the  tribe  to  which  snch 
Indian  shall  belong. 

From  the  approval  of  this  act  down  to  1834  it  was  the  custom  of  the 
Goverument  to  x>ay  for  property  so  taken  or  destroyed  by  the  Indians 
out  of  their  annuities.  On  June  30,  1834,  this  law  was  re-enacted,  witb 
the  furtlier  provision  that  "if  no  annuity  is  payable  to  such  tribe  or 
nation,  then  the  amount  of  the  claim  shall  be  paid  from  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States.^    (See  4  U.  S.  Stat,  at  L.,  chap.  161,  sec.  17.) 

By  the  act  of  February  28,  1859,  the  latter  clause  of  this  act  was  re- 
pealed, leaving  the  payment  to  be  made  out  of  their  annuities.  (See  11 
U.  S.  Stat,  at  L.,  page  401,  see.  8.) 

The  act  of  Julv  16,  1870  (16  U.  S.  Stat,  at  L.,  page  360),  provides 
that— 

No  part  of  the  moneys  which  may  be  appropriated  for  the  current  and  contingent 
expenses  incurred  in  Indian  affairs  to  pay  annuities  due  to,  or  to  be  used  and  ex- 
pended for  the  care  and  benefit  of,  any  trii>e  or  trioes  of  Indians,  shall  be  applied  to 
the  payment  of  any  claim  for  depredations  that  may  have  been  or  may  be  couunitt^^ 
by  such  tribes  or  tribe,  or  any  member  or  members  thereof.     No  claims  for  IndiU'i* 
depredations  shall  be  paid  until  Congress  shall  make  8i»ecial  appix>priation  therefor^ 

Previous  to  the  passage  of  this  act  claims  of  this  character  were  pai*^ 
out  of  the  general  Indian  fund. 

By  the  seventh  section  of  the  act  of  Congress  making  appropriation^^ 
for  the  Indian  Department,  approved  May  1^9,  1872,  it  was  enacted : 

That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  prepare  and  cause  to  b^^ 
published  such  rules  and  regulations  as  he  may  deem  necessary  or  proper,  prescrib  ^ 
ing  the  manner  of  presenting  claims  arising  under  existing  laws  or  treaty  stipulation^^ 
for  compensation  for  depredations  committed  by  the  Indians,  and  the  degree  au< 
charaiter  of  the  evidence  necessary  to  support  such  claims.  He  shall  carefully  in- 
vestigate all  snch  claims  as  may  be  presented,  subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations 
prepared  by  him,  and  report  to  Congress,  at  each  session  thereof,  the  nature,  char^^ 
acter,  and  amount  of  such  claims,  whether  allowed  by  him  or  not,  and  theevidenccf?^ 
upon  which  his  action  was  based :  Provided,  That  no  payment  on  account  of  said  clain**^ 
shall  me  made  without  a  specific  appropriation  by  Congress. 

In  compliance  with  the  rules  and  regulations  established  by  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior  under  this  law,  these  cases  have  heen  investigated^ 
and  the  action  of  the  Department  in  ea<;h  case  communicated  to  Con- 
gress, and  all  the  papers  in  each  of  the  several  cases  included  in  tb& 
bill  are  now  in  the  hands  of  your  committee. 

CASE  OF  WILLIAM  BEDDO. 

The  evidence  in  the  case  of  William  Beddo  shows  that  he  is  a  citizen 
of  the  county  of  Coleman,  in  the  State  of  Texiis ;  that  the  claimant  had 
a  herd  of  one  thousand  and  twenty  head  of  beef  cattle  and  flfty-flve 


WILLIAM    BEDDO   AND    OTHERS.  3 

AmericaD  horses  herded  at  what  is  koown  as  "  Elm  Pens,"  in  Coleman 
County,  State  of  Texas;  that  on  the  Ist  of  June,  1871,  at  about  11 
o^clock  in  the  forenoon,  about  two  hundred  Comanche  and  Kiowa  In- 
dians charged  the  herd,  when  a  fight  ensued,  in  which  two  of  the  herd- 
ers were  killed  and  scalped,  and  the  entire  herd  of  one  thousand  and 
twenty  beeves  and  flftj-five  horses  were  driven  oflf  by  the  Indians,  none 
of  which  were  ever  recovered".  The  evidence  also  shows  that  a  portion 
of  this  stock  was  afterward  captured  by  the  soldiers  at  Fort  Bascom, 
and  killed  and  issued  to  the  soldiers,  but  no  part  of  it  was  paid  for. 

The  value  of  this  stock,  in  the  opinion  of  the  claimant,  was  $30  per 
head  for  the  beeves,  and  $100  each  for  the  horses,  making  a  total  of 
$36,100,  but  the  officers  of  the  Department  have  placed  the  value  of  the 
beeves  at  $15  per  head,  and  the  horses  at  $60^ach,  making  a  total  of 
$18,600,  for  which  they  recommend  an  allowance. 

CASE   OF  L    W.   VAUGHN. 

The  claim  of  L.  W.  Vaughn  is  for  $1,670,  on  account  of  depredations 
committed  by  the  Kiowa  Indians  July  9,  1870.  The  claim,  as  itemized, 
is  for  the  value  of  two  horses,  estim'ated  at  $85  each  ;  gold  coin  $23 ; 
and  blankets  wOrth  $77,  and  damages  of  a  consequential  character  to 
the  amount  of  $1^,400,  aggregating  the  sum  of  $1,670. 

It  appears  from  the  evidence  that  the  claimant  was  on  his  way  to 
Kansas,  in  company  with  others,  with  a  drove  of  cattle;  and  that,  at 
a  place  known  as  Victoria  Park,  in  Montague  County,  Texas,  they  were 
attacked  by  Kiowa  Indians,  who  killed  two  of  the  party,  captured  one, 
and  took  from  the  claimant  the  property  above  named.  It  is  claimed 
by  the  claimant  that  in  consequence  of  this  depredation  he  could  not 
l3roceed  with  his  drove,  and  was  consequently  compelled  to  sell  his 
^tdbk  at  a  sacrifice  of  $1,400,  and  he  claims  indemnity  for  that  amount, 
as  well  as  for  the  property  actually  taken. 

The  Department,  after  a  full  examination  of  the  claim,  has  disallowed 
the  claim  for  $1,400  consequential  damages,  and  has  allowed  the  sum  of 
#247  for  the  property  taken,  the  $23  of  money  being  satisfactorily  proven 
to  have  been  lost  as  alleged  in  said  claim. 

CASE  OF  R.  VAUGHN. 

■ 

The  claim  of  R.  Vaughn,  of  Palo  Pinto  County,  Texas,  is  for  depre- 
dations committed  by  the  Kiowa  Indians  on  the  9th  day  of  July,  1870, 
at  a  place  called  Victoria,  in  Montague  County,  Texas.  This  claimant 
was  one  of  the  party  who  were  on  their  way  to  Kansas,  in  comuany  with 
li.  W.  Vaughn,  when  they  were  attacked,  as  stated  in  regard  to  that 
claim,  and  the  evidence  shows  that  this  claimant  lost  at  that  time  five 
American  horses,  valued  at  $75  each,  and  two  Spanish  horses,  valued  at 
$60  each,  and  about  $200  worth  of  other  property.  The  claimant,  how- 
ever, as  in  the  former  case,  claimed  large  consequential  damages,  aggre- 
gating the  sum  of  $2,295. 

The  Department  has  disallowed  the  claim  for  $1,600  consequential 
damages,  and  allowed  the  sum  of  $695  for  property  actirally  taken. 

CASE   OF  J.  H.  BAKEB. 

The  claim  of  J.  H.  Baker  is  for  $1,760,  on  account  of  depredations 
alleged  to  have  been  committed  by  Kiowa  Indians.  This  claimant  is  a 
resident  of  Palo  Pinto  County,  Te^^as,  and  claims  indemnity  for  a  Span- 


•^  WILLUM    BEDDO    AND    OTHERS. 

f  8h  bor^e,  valued  at  $60,  clothing  and  blankets,  and  injury  done  to  work- 
oxen,  $108,  gold  stolen  to  the  amount  of  $42,  and  consequential  damages 
to  the  amount  of  $1,500. 
The  circumstances  under  which  this  claim  arose  are  as  follows : 
This  claimant  was  one  of  a  party  who  were  attacked  by  the  Indians 
while  on  their  way  to  Kansas  with  a  drove  of  cattle.  The  evidence 
shows  that  on  the  9th  day  of  July,  1870,  when  at  a  ])lace  called  Victo- 
ria Park,  in  Montague  County,  Texas,  a  party  of  Kiowas,  under  Uie 
chief  Kicking  Bird,  attacked  the  party,  stampeded  their  cattle,  and 
took  one  Spanish  horse  and  one  mule,  and  hamstrung  one  yoke  of 
oxen. 

The  Department  deems  the  evidence  sufficient  to  sustain  the  claim  for 
the  horse  and  mule,  and  have  allowed  the  sum  of  $110  for  both,  and 
have  disallowed  all  the  other  claims,  $1,500  of  which  is  for  conseqnen- 
tial  damages,  and  the  evidence  not  being  satisfactory  as  to  the  loss  of 
gold,  clothing,  and  blankets,  &c,y  the  claim  for  the^e  items  is  disal- 
lowed. 

CASE  OF  J.  G.  HALSELL. 

The  claim  of  J.  G.  Halsell  is  for  $24,860,  for  the  loss  of  fortynine 
horses  and  fifteen  hundred  head  of  cattle  taken  from  the  claimant  by 
the  Comanche  and  Kiowa  Indians,  as  follows :  Febrpary  7,  1872,  fifteeu 
American  horses,  valued,  by  the  claim^int,  at  $140  each ;  on  September 
17, 187;^,  eleven  American  horses,  valued,  by  the  claimant,  at  $140  each; 
October  8,  1873,  four  American  horses,  valued  at  $140  each  ;  October 
26,  1873,  ten  American  horses,  valued  at  $140  each ;  and  same  date, 
fifteen  hundred  head  of  cattle,  valued  at  $12  per  head ;  Nt)vember  2, 
1873,  five  American  horses,  valued  at  $140  each,  and  on  March  2, 1874, 
four  American  horses,  valued  at  $140  each,  making  a  total  of  $24,860. 

The  evidence  shows  that  this  stock  was  taken  fruni  the  ranch  of  the 
claimant,  in  Clay  County,  in  the  State  of  Texas,  at  the  times  above 
stated;  that  it  was  properly  herded  and  cared  for;  that  at  the  time  the 
cattle  were  taken  the  Indians  stampeded  and  drove  oflf  the  entire  herd, 
numbering  twenty-five  hundred,  and  at  that  time  they  took  ten  of  the 
horses  and  killed  one  of  the  herders;  that  the  Indians  were  pursued, 
and  oiie  thousand  head  of  the  cattle  were  recovered.  The  testimony 
shows  that  the  horses  were  of  a  superior  kind,  "  American  breed,"  and 
that  the  cattle  were  what  is  known  as  *'  mixed  cattle." 

The  Department  has  reported  that  the  evidence  fully  sustains  the 
claim,  so  far  as  the  number  of  horses  and  cattle  is  concerned,  but  think 
that  the  value  placed  on  both  is  too  high,  and  have  allowed  the  claim- 
ant $125  each  for  the  horses,  and  $9  per  head  for  the  cattle,  aggregat- 
ing the  sum  of  $19,625. 

» 

CASE  OF  JAMES  MAETIN  &  BEOTHEES. 

This  claiui  is  for  $3,160,  for  depredations  alleged  to  have  been  com- 
mitted by  the  Comanche  Indians,  in  Llano  County,  Texa«,  at  five  differ- 
ent times,  as  follows : 

The  first,  on  the  20th  of  August,  1869,  when  the  claimant  was  living 
at  Cedar  Mountain,  in  said  county ;  the  Comanches  took  from  him  fifteen 
horses,  valued  at  $75  each ;  the  second  was  in  December,  1870,  when 
they  took  seven  horses,  valued  at  $65  each ;  the  third  was  in  March,  1 871, 
when  they  took  one  horse  and  killed  another,  valued  at  $45  each ;  the 
fourth  was  in  July,  1871,  when  they  took  three  horses,  two  of  them  valued 


\ 


WILLIAM   BEDDO   AND   <^THEB8.  5 

at  $55  each,  and  the  other  at  $50 ;  and  the  fifth  was  on  the  20t1i  of 
July,  1872,  when  they  took  from  him  two  good  horses,  worth  $65  each. 
The  evidence  in  the  case  fally  sustains  the  statements  of  the  claimant 
as  io  the  actual  loss,  and  the  Department,  believing  him  to  be  entitled 
to  pay  for  his  loss,  at  a  fair  estimate,  have  recommended  an  allowance 
of  $1,900,  estimating  fifteen  of  the  horses  at  $65  each,  two  at  $55  each, 
and  one  at  $50,  and  disallowing  the  claim  for  consequential  damages. 

CASK  OF  E.  O.  FULLAE. 

The  evidence  in  the  claim  of  E.  C.  Fullar  shows  that  in  the  month  of 
November,  1873,  the  Comanche  Indians  stole  from  the  premises  of  the 
claimant,  in  Clay  County,  Texas,  two  Illinois  mules  (so  called),  valued 
by  the  claimant  at  $250  each,  and  four  American  horses,  valued  at  $175 
each,  aggregating  $1,200. 

It  \s  in  proof  that  these  horses  and  mules  were  fastened  with  lariats, 
near  the  house  of  claimant,  and  were  taken  by  these  Indians  on  the 
night  of  the  26th  of  November,  1873 ;  that  the  stock  was  all  brought 
from  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  was  first  class ;  that  no  part  of  it  was 
ever  recovered,  or  in  any  manner  paid  for. 

The  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  has  reduced  the  claim  from 
$1,200  to  $800,  and  recommends  an  allowance  for  that  sum. 

CASE  OF  JOHN  HENSLEY. 

The  claim  of  John  Hensley  is  for  five  American  mules,  sixteen 
American  horses,  $1,000 ;  for  gattiering  one  thousand  head  of  stock, 
stampeded  when  the  horses  and  mules  were  stolen,  and  $1,000  for  loss 
of  crops  in  consequence  of  the  horses  being  taken,  which  prevented 
the  caimant,  who  was  a  large  farmer  and  stock-raiser  on  Carroll  Creek, 
Jack  County,  Texas,  from  carrying  on  his  farm,  aggregating  $5,450. 

The  evidence  in  this  case  shows  that  the  horses  and  mules  were  taken 
by  the  Comanche  Indians  in  August,  1873,  and  taken  to  the  Fort  Sill 
Beservatiou ;  that  two  of  the  horses  were  returned  to  the  claimant  by  the 
agent,  through  the  influence  of  one  of  the  chiefs,  but  the  Indians  re- 
fused to  surrender  any  more. 

The  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  has  reduced  the  price  of  the 
stock  to  $150  each  for  the  mules,  and  $100  each  for  the  horses,  and  dis- 
allowed the  claim  for  gathering  up  the  stock,  and  also  for  labor  ex- 
pended and  loss  of  crops,  and  allowed  the  sum  of  $2,350. 

CASE   OF  WILLIAM  M.   HARDIN. 

The  claim  of  William  M.  Hardin  is  for  $2,885,  on  account  of  depreda- 
tions committed  by  the  Comanche  Indians,  $1,500  of  which  is  for  con- 
sequential damages,  resulting,  in  the  opinion  of  the  claimant,  from  the 
actual  loss  of  his  property. 

The  evidence  presented  to  the  Indian  Department  shows  that  in  the 
months  of  March  and  June,  1866,  while  the  claimant  was  residing  at 
Saline,  in  the  county  of  Kimble,  in  the  State  of  Texas,  a  party  of 
Comanche  Indians  took  from  him  five  horses,  one  of  them  valued  at  $80, 
anoUier  at  $75,  and  three  others  valued  at  $50  each. 

The  claimant  alleges  that  the  Indians  annoyed  him  to  such  an  extent 
at  that  place  that  he  left  that  part  of  the  country  and  settled  in  Llano 
County,  in  the  same  State ;  that  oi>  or  about  the  15th  of  October,  1871, 
a  party  of  Comanches  took  from  him  two  horses  of  the  value  of  $65  each, 


6  WILLIAM   BEDDO   AND   OTHERS. 

« 

three  horses,  valued  at  $50  each,  and  eleven  young  horses,  valued  at 
$35  each,  and  that  on  the  5th  of  August,  1872,  they  again  took  two 
horses,  worth  $75  each,  and  one  worth  $125,  d,nd  another  worth  $60. 

The  evidence  submitted  to  the  Department  fully  sustains  the  state- 
ment of  the  claimant  as  to  the  stock  taken,  and  the  officers  of  the 
Department  certify  that  they  believe  the  estimates  to  be  fair,  and  recom- 
mend that  the  claimant  be  allowed  the  sum  of  $1,385,  and  disallow  the 
claim  for  consequential  damages. 

CASE  OF  A.  J.   HENSON. 

The  claim  of  A.  J.  Henson,  of  the  county  of  Jack,  in  the  State  of 
Texas,  is  for  the  value  often  horses,  at  $125  each,  making  the  sum  of 
$1,250. 

The  evidence  in  this  case  shows  that  four  of  the  horses  were  taken 
from  this  claimant,  in  his  own  county,  on  the  10th  of  August,  1873.  and 
the  others  from  the  adjoining  county  of  Clay  on  the  Ist  of  November, 
1873,  and  that  all  of  them  were  taken  by  the  Comanche  Indians. 

The  evidence  also  shows  that  the  Indians  admitted  to  the  agent  that 
they  took  the  property,  but  refused  to  return  it  or  to  give  the  claimant 
any  ^tisfaction. 

The  proof  of  the  value  of  the  animals  fully  sustains  the  claim  of  the 
claimant,  and  the  Department  has  recommended  an  allowance  of  the 
full  amount  of  the  claim,  viz,  $1,250. 

CASE   OF   C.   W.  COOPER. 

The  claim  of  C.  W.  Cooper  is  for  $7,690,  growing  out  of  the  stealig^ 
and  carrj  ing  away  of  twenty-one  horses  and  mules,  of  the  value  of  $1^^ 
each,  by  the  Comanche  Indians,  from  the  premises  of  the  claimant,  ^ 
the  year  1873,  w  hile  he  was  residing  riear  the  town  of  Jacksborough,  t      ■. 
Jack  County,  Texas.    Claimant  also  alleges  that  the  Indians  stampedj^  ^ 
four  thousand  head  of  cattle,  which  cost  him  $1  per  head  to  recover, 
also  claims  $540  for  additional  labor,  board  of  hands,  &c.     It  appeal 
from  the  evidence,  that  the  Indians  were  pursued  by  the  claimant  an^ 
others,  but  without  success.    Subsequently,  on  visiting  Fort  Sill,  he  foun^ 
three  of  his  horses  in  possession  of  the  agent  of  the  Kiowas  and  Ccs^^^ 
manches ;  these  were  delivered  up  to  him,  but  so  badly  used  that  the: 
w  ere  not  worth  half  as  much  as  when  taken  by  the  Indians.    The  claii 
ant  learned  while  there  that  the  remainder  of  his  stock  was  in  th« 
possession  of  the  Indians,  but  none  of  it  was  ever  recovered. 

Under  these  circumstances,  the  Department  has  deemed  it  right 
allow   the  claimant  $125  each  for  the  animals,  making  the  sum  o^^ 
$2,250,  and  have  disallowed  the  entire  claim  for  consequential  damages^^ 

THE  CASE  OF  DANIEL  E.  MOOBE. 

This  claim  is  for  $66,085  on  account  of  depredations  alleged  to  have 
been  committed  by  the  Comanche  Indians,  $62,000  of  whicp  is  for  con- 
sequential damages.  The  actual  damage  is  for  liftyone  horses  and  other 
property  stolen  by  the  Indians,  as  appears  by  the  evidence,  at  different 
periods  and  under  the  following  circumstances : 

On  the  Ist  of  October,  1872,  while  the  claimant  was  residing  at  a  place 
known  as  Legion  Valley,  Clauo  Lounty,  in  the  State  of  Texas,  a  party  ot 
Comanches  took  from  him  one  fine  stallion  and  one  race  mare,  valued  at 


.    WILLIAM    BEDDO    AND    OTHERS.  7 

$200  each,  twelve  broml  mares,  valued  at  $75  each ;  that  he  subsequently 
removed  to  Gillespie  Couuty,ou  Willow  Creek,  when,  on  or  about  the  8th 
of  July,  1873,  another  party  of  Comanche  Indians  took  from  him  two 
stallions,  worth  $200  each;  two  mares,  worth  together  $190,  and  thirty- 
three  brood-mares  with  fotl,  valued  at  $65  each;  that  on  the  20th  of 
February,  1871,  while  on  his  way  from  Fredericksburg,  in  company  with 
others,  where  they  had  all  been  for  supplies,  they  were  attacked  by  the 
Comanches,  who  killed  one  of  his  companions  and  wounded  him  so 
severely  that  he  is  crippled  for  life ;  that  they  took  his  team  and  the 
valuables  from  his  wagon.  The  evidence  clearly  establishes  the  losses 
and  the  wounds  inflicted  on  the  claimant. 

The  officers  of  the  Department  have  disallowed  the  entire  claim  for 
consequential  damages,  and  damages  for  injuries  to  the  person  of  the 
claimant,  and  have  allowed  the  claim  for  actual  losses,  estimating  the 
three  stallions  and  the  superior  mares  at  $125  each,  and  the  forty-five 
brood  mares  at  $50  each,  making  the  sum  of  $3,000,  in  which  allowance 
your  committee  concur. 

CASE   OF   HENEY'a.   WHALEY. 

The  claim  of  Henry  A.  Whaley,  of  Clay  County,  Texas,  is  for  $2,300, 
on  account  of  depredations  alleged  to  have  been  committed  by  a  band 
of  Kiowa  and  Comanche  Indians  in  the  taking  from  the  claimant's  farm, 
known  as  the  "Whaley  ranch,''  in  Clay  County,  in  the  State  of  Texas, 
ten  head  of  horses  and  nine  head  of  mules.  The  horses  are  valued  by 
the  claimant  at  $106  each,  and  the  mules  at  $140  each. 

The  evidence  snbmitted  is  regarded  by  the  Department  as  sufficient 
to  establish  the  claim  as  to  the  number  of  animals,  but  not  as  to  the 
value  as  estimated  by  the  claimant.  The  Department  has  deemed  $60 
^ach  for  the  horses  and  $100  each  for  the  mules  a  fair  estimate,  from 
the  evidence,  and  has  therefore  estimated  them  upon  that  basis  and  al- 
lowed the  claimant  the  sum  of  $1,500. 

CASE  OF  JAMES  P.  LINDSEY. 

The  claim  of  James  P.  Lindsey  is  for  $6,150,  on  account  of  depreda- 
tions alleged  to  have  been  committed  by  Comanche  Indians,  under  the 
following  circumstances : 

The  claimant  was  the  owner  of  a  ranch  in  Jack  County,  Texas,  where 
he  kept  a  lot  of  horses,  cattle,  and  calves.  On  the  Ist  day  of  October, 
1873,  a  band  of  Comanche  Indians  attacked  the  ranch  and  took  the 
liorses,  and  turned  the  calves  loose,  and  in  consequence  they  were  lost, 
and  the  cattle  they  stampeded.  The  number  of  horses  lost  is  stated  to 
be  twenty-one,  and  they  are  estimated  by  the  claimant  at  $150  each. 
The  number  of  cattle  is  stated  to  be  five  hundred  unmarked  and  un- 
branded  calves,  turned  loose  and  lost,  and  five  hundred  beef  cattle,  under 
herders,  stampeded;  on  account  of  which  the  claimant  claims  $1  per 
head  for  gathering  in. 

The  Department  considers  the  evidence  as  to  the  loss  of  the  horses 
satisfactory,  but  considers  the  value  placed  on  them  too  high  and  has 
estimated  the  twenty-one  horses  at  $125  each,  and  has  allow^  the  claim 
for  the  full  number  of  horses  at  that  rate,  making  the  sum  of  $2,625, 
and  disallowed  the  balance  of  the  claim. 

It  appears  irom  the  papers  transmitted  to  Congress  in  these  cases 
that  they  have  each  and  all  been  referred  to  the  agent  of  the  tribes 


8 


WILLIAM   BEDDO   AND   OTHERS. 


charged  with  the  depredations,  and  that  through  the  agent  they  have 
been  submitted  to  the  Indians  in  council  and  otherwise  fdlly  investi- 
gated by  him,  and  his  doings  reported  to  the  Department. 

As  stated  in  your  committee's  report  upon  the  claim  of  Overton  and 
Love,  there  are  a  large  number  of  these  claims,  equally  meritorious,  oa 
file  in  the  office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs.  ]!^o  good  reason 
can  be  given  for  paying  the  claims  under  consideration  without  pay- 
ing them  all.  This  committee  cannot  recommend  the  passage  of  such 
claims  until  Congress  adopts  some  general  policy  of  dealing  with  all 
these  claims. 

Your  committee  therefore  report  back  the  bill  and  reommend  that  it 
do  not  pass. 


I 


48th  Congress,  >  SENATE.  i  Report 

l8t  Session.       f  ( No.  571. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  22,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Hr.  OuLLOM,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bills  S.  1683  and  H.  R.  5443.] 

The  Committee  on  Pensions,  to  whom  was  referred  the  bills  (S.  1683 
and  H.  B.5443)  for  the  relief  of  Newton  C.  Ridenour,  second  lieutenant, 
Company  F,  Twenty-third  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry,  report  favorably, 
and  submit  the  following  statement  of  the  Invalid  Pension  Committee 
in  regard  to  said  bill  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  Forty-seventh 
Congress,  and  make  it  the  report  of  this  committee  : 

Newton  C.  Ridenour,  late  second  lieutenant,  Company  F,  Twenty-third  Iowa  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  was  granted  a  pension  July  26,  1880,  at  the  rate  of  $3  per  month,  the 
certificate  being  number  164978.  Prior  to  and  until  June  29,  1863,  said  Ridenour  was 
serving  with  his  regiment  in  the  field  in  the  campaign  against  Vicksburg  as  an  orderly 
sergeant.  On  June  29,  1863,  was  commissioned  second  lieutenant,  for  which  place  he 
was  recommended  early  in  June,  said  commission  being  dated  June  29,  1863. 

About  the  5th  day  of  July,  1863,  by  order  of  the  officer  commanding  the  rei^iment, 
said  Ridenour  took  command  of  Company  F,  and  continued  in  command  until  Octo- 
ber 5,  1864,  when  he  was  assigned  to  staff  duty.  Said  Ridenour  was  discharged  as  an 
enlisted  man  as  of  the  date  of  June  29,  liS63,  and  he  was  accepted  and  mustered  in  as 
second  lieutenant,  to  take  efi'ect  Julv  1,  1863.  Immediately  after  the  surrender  of 
Vicksburg  said  Ridenour,  in  charge  of  said  company,  in  July,  1863,  marched  from  said 
city  to  Jackson,  Miss.  During  said  march  said  claimant  was  attacked  with  varicocele, 
and  was  at  times  rendered  thereby  unable  to  march,  and  was  compelled  to  resort  to 
the  ambulance.  When  he  entered'  the  service  he  was  a  strong,  healthy  man.  Previ- 
ously to  said  month  of  July.  1863,  or  in  the  latter  part  of  June  of  that  year,  the  peti- 
tioner was  somewhat  unwell,  although  the  precise  nature  of  his  ailment  is  unknown, 
and  he  was  not  then  aware  that  it  was  the  varicocele,  for  which  he  was  afterwards 
pensioned.  It  is  not  certain  that  said  disease  had  its  inception  before  July,  1863.  But 
if  that  was  the  fact,  it  is  apparent  and  uncontradicted  that  the  principal  development, 
growth,  and  establishment  of  the  disease  occurred  after  the  commencement  of  the 
march  from  Vicksburg  to  Jackson.  It  is  shown  by  medical  evidence  that  the  disabil- 
ity of  said  Ridenour  is  permanent  and  incurable,  and  that  such  disability  incapaci- 
tates said  Ridenour  from  performing  manual  labor. 

In  consideration  of  the  facts  stated  above,  this  committee  recommend 
the  passage  of  the  House  bill,  and  that  the  Senate  bill  be  indefinitely 
postponed. 


i 


Is 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  j  Ebport 

lit  Session.       J  \  No.  672. 


nr  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  23, 1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Makdebson-,  from  the  Committee  on  Claims,  sabmitted  the  fol- 
lowing 

REPORT: 

FTo  accompany  bills  S.  870  and  2250.] 

The  Committee  on  Claims j  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  {8.  870) /or  the 
relief  of  B*  O.  Combs  and  others^  have  examined  the  same^  and  beg  leave 
to  rqtprt: 

That  in  the  year  1876  the  United  States  entered  into  a  contract  witk 
the  Oregon  Iron  Works  for  the  construction,  at  Albina,  Oreg.,  of  the» 
United  States  revenue  cutter  called  Thomas  Coravin,  for  the  considera- 
tion of  $92,000,  but  before  the  completion  of  said  cutter  the  said  Oregoik 
Iron  Workis  failed  and  work  on  the  cutter  was  suspended,  whereupon, 
the  United  States  took  possession  of  this  vessel,  removed  it  to  Saoi 
Francisco,  and  completed  it  at  a  cost  of  $10,150.77,  leaving  a  net  bal- 
ance of  the  original  contract  price  of  $8,249.23,  which  was  covered  into 
the  Treasury  and  carried  to  the  surplus  fund  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  *" 
year  ending  June  30, 1877. 

An  inquiry  was  made  into  the  facts  connected  with  the  construction 
of  the  revenue  cutter  and  the  litigation  connected  therewith  by  J.  F. 
Evans,  special  agent  of  the  Treasury  Department,  from  whose  report  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  dateid  February  27,  1878,  your  commit- 
tee extract  the  following : 

In  1876,  in  response  to  advertisement  for  proposals  for  the  bnilding  of  tbe  vessel, 
tbe  Government  received  tliree  bids — tbe  first  for  $112,500;  second,  $103,000 ;  and 
third,  frum  the  Oregon  Iron  Works,  for  $92,000,  to  whom  the  contract  was  awarded, 
on  ffiving  bonds  for  $50,000.  * 

The  Department  agreed  to  advance  the  funds  in  five  different  payments  of  $18,400, 
each  payment  at  certain  stages  of  the  work.  Four  payments  were  made,  leaving  one 
payment  of  $18,400  remaining. 

Before  the  completion  of  the  work  the  Oregon  Iron  Works  failed,  work  was  sus- 
pended, and  certain  materials  furnished  for  the  vessel  weie  included  in  the  assets  of 
the  company,  which  was  fojced  into  bankruptcy.  The  vessel  escaped  through  the 
litigation  which  followed. 

November  13,  1876.  Messrs.  Goldsmith  &  Lowenberg  brought  suit  in  the  State  court 
against  the  Corwin  for  $1,738.35  for  labor  and  materials  furnished  at  f%^  request  of 
the  Oregon  Iron  Works.  The  vessel  was  released  under  stipulations  of  the  Depart- 
ment en  tered  into  pursuant  to  sections  3753, 3754  Revised  Statutes.  The  court  decided 
that  the  plaintiff  had  a  lien  upon  the  vessel,  but,  owing  to  possession  by  the  United 
States,  the  lien  could  not  be  enforced,  and  the  case  is  now  pending  on  appeal  to  the 
supreme  court  of  Oregon,  on  the  point  that  the  Government  did  not  plead  its  personal 
privilege  of  exemption  of  its  property  from  attachment  under  process  of  law. 

Another  suit  was  brought  in  the  United  States  court  by  Coffin  A  Hendry,  San  Fran- 
cisco, for  material  fumisned  in  rigging  the  vessel,  $3,659.20. 

The  court  decided  (1)  that  the  United  States  did  not  become  owner  until  final  com- 
pletion and  delivery  after  trial  trip ;  (2)  that  the  contractor  was  in  possession  dur- 


I 


B.    6.    COMBS   AND   OTHERS. 


onstruotion,  aud  the  vesael  was  not  exempt  from  lien ;  (3)  that  the  oontractot 
ig  failed,  the  United  States  coald  take  the  vessel  only  by  exercise  of  its  optioii 
lish  the  vessel,  and  then  only  as  the  acent  of  the  contractor. 
Lecree  was  entered  for  Coffin  &  Hendry,  and  the  United  States  appealed,  ht^ 
wa8  subsequently  withdrawn  on  motion  of  Coffin  &  Hendry,  who  explained  tho'^ 
Q,  not  because  of  fear  of  defeat  or  reversal  of  the  decission  of  the  court  belo^^i 
tecanse  assured  that  they  would  recover  sooner  by  withdrawing  the  suit, 
iding  the  appeal  the  vessel  was  released  upon  the  United  States  giving  bond, 
out  January  1,  1877,  the  cutter  Rush  removed  the  Cor  win  to  the  middle  of  tt^^ 
,  where  the  assi^ee  of  the  Oregon  Iron  Works  obtained  temporary  injunction- 
ist  Captain  White  to  prevent  her  removal,  which  was  dissolved,  and  the  vessr 
)eded  to  Astoria,  where  Steffin  (subcontractor)  attempted  to  seize  her  on  his  clai] 
^,000,  but  failed,  and  she  proceeded  to  San  Francisco,  where  she  was  oomplel 
cost,  it  i«  said,  of  about  $11,000. 

ere  is  but  one  opinion  at  Portland  among  the  lawyers  for  either  side,  including 
listrict  attorney,  that  the  decision  of  the  lower  court  would  have  been  affirmed 
e 'United  States  circuit  court  had  not  Coffin  &  Hendry  withdrawn  their  suit,  am 
these  claims,  or  a  portion  of  them,  are  a  lien  upon  the  vessel,  and  that  the  least- 
k)vernment  can  do  is  to  pay  the  difference  between  the  contract  price  and  the 
>f  completion. 

s  to  be  remembered  that,  owing  to  the  distinct  condition  of  the  contract,  the 
r  was  not  to  be  accepted  until  after  completion  and  a  trial  trip.  The  title  did 
est  in  the  Government,  aud  possession  could  not  have  been  obtained  bnt  by  the 
tise  of  privileges  and  technicalities  of  law  of  which  private  citizens  could  not 
availed  themselves. 

B  Corwin  is  really  a  valuable  vessel,  finely  finished,  and  her  probable  value  is  in 
IS  of  her  cost. 

Q  claims,  so  far  as  prosecuted  in  the  courts,  have  been  maintained,  an&  many  of 
I  submitted  in  the  accompanying  statement  are,  no  doubt,  equitably  due.  Those 
bor,  skill,  and  material  are  notably  so — these  having  actuallv  gone  into  the  con- 
tion  of  the  vessel.  They  are  mostly  due  to  poor  men,  who  ^1  the  loss  keenly, 
t  is  hardly  to  be  supposed  that  the  Government  desires  to  avail  itself  of  any 
licality  to  evade  payment  to  these  her  citizens.  ^ 

lere  appears  to  be  no  legal  obligation  upon  the  Gk>verninent  to  pay 
claims  brought  against  this  vessel,  and  it  is  peculiarly  a  matter  of 
native  discretion  whether,  upon  the  equities  of  the  claims,  the  relief 
lid  be  granted  for  which  application  is  made, 
our  comiAittee,  therefore,  considering  the  claims  in  this  light,  have 
led,  and  do  herewith  recommend,  that  the  claim  of  laborers  and 
Brial  men  as  enumerated  in  the  bill  {S.  870)  be  settled  at  the  nni- 
{  rate  of  50  i>er  cent.,  which  seems  just  and  equitable  to  all  con- 
ed. 

>  this  end  the  Committee  on  Claims  recommend  that  the  bill  (S. 
be  indefinitely  postponed,  and  that  another  bill,  herewith  reported, 
^h  has  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  views  and  report  of 
committee,  do  pass. 


!\ 


^ 


i^ 


-^#31- 


48th  Conoeess,  >  SENATE.  i  Rbport 

Ut  Session.       f  )  Ko.  573. 


EST  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Mat  23,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Mandebson,  from  the  Committee  on  Claims,  submitted  the  fol- 
lowing 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bills  1302  and  2250.] 

The  Committee  on  Claims j  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  {8, 1302)  for  the 
relief  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Portland^  Oreg.,  have  examined  the 
same,  and  beg  leave  to  report : 

That  in  the  year  1876  the  United  States  entered  into  a  contract  with 
the  Oregon  Iron  Works,  a  corporation  under  the  laws  of  the  Stat€  of 
Oregon,  for  the  construction  at  Albina,  Oreg.,  by  the  said  Oregon  Iron 
Works,  of  the  United  States  revenue  cutter  called  "Thomas  Corwin," 
for  the  consideration  of  $92,000  to  be  paid  by  the  United  States.  The 
First  National  Bank  of  Portland,  Oregon,  advanced  money  for  the  con- 
struction of  said  revenue  cutter  to  the  said  Oregon  Iron  Works,  and 
held  as  security  for  such  advances  a  hypothecation  of  the  payments  to 
be  made  by  the  Iftnited  States  to  the  contractor ;  but  before  the  com- 
pletion of  said  cutter  the  said  Oregon  Iron  Works  failed  and  work  on 
the  cutter  was  suspended.  At  tl^  time  of  this  failure  the  bank  had  al- 
ready advanced,  upon  the  security  of  the  hypothecation  of  the  last  pay- 
ment to  be  made  to  the  contractor,  the  sum  of  $18,399.96,  which  money 
went  into  the  construction  of  said  vessel  in  the  form  of  labor  and  ma- 
terial. The  United  States  took  possession  of  the  vessel  at  this  junc- 
ture, and  the  vessel  proceeded  to  San  Francisco,  where  she  was  com- 
pleted by  the  United  States,  at  a  cost  of  $10,150.77,  leaving  a  net  bal- 
ance of  the  original  contract  price  of  $8,249.23,  which  was  covered  into 
the  Treasury,  in  accordance  with  section  3691,  United  States  Revised 
Statutes,  and  carried  to  the  surplus  fund  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1877. 

Suit  having  been  brousrht  in  the  United  States  court  by  Coffin  and 
Hendry,  San  Francisco,  for  material  furnished  in  rigging  the  vessel,  the 
court  decided  (1)  that  the  United  States  did  not  become  owner  until 
final  completion  and  delivery  after  trial-trip ;  (2)  that  the  contractor 
was  in  possession  during  construction,  and  the  vessel  was  not  exempt 
from  lien ;  (3)  That  the  contractor  having  failed,  the  United  States 
could  take  vessel  only  by  the  exercise  of  its  option  to  finish  the  ves- 
sel ;  and  then  only  as  the  agent  of  the  contractor.  A  decree  was  en- 
tered for  Coffin  and  Hendry,  and  the  United  States  appealed,  but  suit 
was  subsequently  withdrawn  on  motion  of  the  plaintifi's,  because  as- 
sured that  they  would  recover  sooner  by  withdrawing.  Pending  this 
appeal  the  vessel  was  released  apon  the  United  States  giving  bond. 
The  title  did  not  rest  in  the  Government,  and  possession  could  not  have 


2  FIRST   NATIONAL   BANK   OF   PORTLAND,    OREO. 

been  obtained  but  by  the  exercise  of  privileges  and  technicalities  of  law 
of  which  private  citizens  could  not  have  availed  themselves. 

Your  committee,  therefore,  having  considered  this  case  in  the  light 
of  equity,  recommend  that  there  be  paid  to  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Portland,  Oreg.,  on  account  of  the  moneys  advanced  by  said  bank,  the 
sum  of  $8,249.23,  which  is  the  amount  of  the  unpaid  balance  of  the  con- 
tract price  for  the  construction  of  said  revenue  cutter,  after  deducting 
the  cost  to  the  United  States  of  completing  the  same. 

In  accordance  with  the  recommendation  of  this  report  and  the  views 
of  this  committee  upon  the  subject,  they  have  prepared  a  bill  *^for  the 
relief  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Portland,  Oreg.,  R.  G.  Combs, 
and  others,"  which  they  submit  with  this  report  and  recommend  that 
it  do  pass.  And  they  do  further  recommend  that  the  bill  (S.  1302)  be 
indefinitely  postponed. 

O 


k 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  i  Rbpoet 

l8t  Session.       )  \  No.  574. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  23,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Pike,  from  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  submitted 

the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  H.  R.  2858.] 

The  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia^  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill 
{JET.  R.  2868) /or  the  relief  of  John  Connolly^  having  considered  the  same^ 
make  the  following  report : 

The  Committee  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives  on  the  District  of 
Columbia,  made  the  following  report  upon  this  bill: 

Similar  bills  were  introduced  and  favorably  reported  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress 
and  also  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  but  were  not  acted  upon. 

The  facts  of  the  case  appear  to  be  as  follows : 

It  appears  from  record  evidence  taken  from  the  files  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  that  one  James  Barwood,  a  British  subiect  by  birth,  but  for 
many  years  a  naturalized  citizen  of  the  United  States,  domiciled  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  died  in  said  District  on  the  28th  day  of  March,  1876,  seized  and  possessed 
of  divers  lots  and  parcels  of  land  in  the  city  of  Washington,  D.  C,  and  leaving  no  heirs 
of  inheritable  blood.  John  Connolly  was  duly  appointed  by  the  supreme  court  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  administrator  of  the  estate  of  the  deceased  Barwood,  and  when 
general  taxes  for  the  years  1877  and  1878  were  assessed  by  the  District  of  Columbia 
against  Barwood's  real  estate,  the  administrator  paid  them,  the  aggregate  amount 
being  |91.80.  Certain  creditors  of  the  deceased  Barwood  having  filed  their  bill  in 
equity  in  the  supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  to  subject  the  said  realty  of 
the  deceased  to  the  payment  of  his  debts  (his  personal  property  being  insufficient  to 
pay  all  claims),  that  court,  on  the  9th  day  of  July,  1878,  decreed  that  the  title  to  the 
realty  became  vested  by  escheat  in  the  United  States  upon  the  death  of  said  Barwood 
on  the  28th  of  March,  1876,  subject,  however,  to  the  payment  of  all  just  claims  against 
Barwood,  and  all  liens  against  the  property  subsisting  at  the  time  of  Barwood's  death. 
As,  however,  the  general  taxes  for  the  years  1877  and  1878  were  not  assessed  against 
the  property  until  after  Barwood's  death  and  until  after  his  title  to  the  property  had 
vested  m  the  United  States  (when  of  course  the  property  was  not  liable  to  taxation), 
to  permit  Connolly  to  reimburse  himself  for  this  erroneous  payment  of  tax  out  of  the 
proceeds  of  the  sale  of  the  realty,  which  sale  was  made  by  trustees  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  court  (the  net  balance  of  proceeds,  after  pajying  all  lawful  demands,  being 
Said  over  to  the  United  States),  the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia  now 
eoline  to  refund  the  taxes  so  erroneously  paid  on  property  which  was  not  taxable. 

Your  committee  are  of  the  opinion  that  tne  said  taxes,  amounting  to  $91.50,  should 
be  refunded,  and  report  back  the  bill  with  a  recommendation  that  it  do  pass. 

Your  committee  find  that  this  report  contains  a  correct  statement  of 
the  factSy  and  they  adopt  the  same.  The  committee  therefore  recom- 
mend that  the  bill  pass. 

O 


4Sth  Congress,  )  SENATE.  4  Bepobt 

Ist  Session.       i  \  No.  575. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  26^  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Vest,  firom  the  Gommittee  on  Territories^  submitted  the  following^ 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  H.  R.  6074.] 

The  Committee  on  TerritorieSj  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  {H.  M.  6074> 
entitled  ^^  An  act  to  change  the  ea^stern  and  northern  judicial  districts 
of  the  State  of  Texas^  and  to  atta^ih  apart  of  the  Indian  Territory  to 
said  districts^  amdfor  other  purposesj^  beg  leave  to  submit  thefolUnoing 
report : 

The  bill  provides  in  its  first  section  that  the  counties  of  Lamar,  Fan- 
nin, and  Delta,  in  the  State  of  Texas,  shall  be  detached  from  the 
northern  judicial  district  of  tiiat  State,  and  be  attached  to  the  east- 
em  judicial  district ;  and  the  second  section  provides  that  part  of  the 
Indian  Territory  included  within  the  counties  of  Towson,  Bed  Eiver, 
Cedar,  Wade,  Neshoba,  Eagle,  and  Boktulo,  comprisiug  the  second  ju- 
dicial district  of  the  Ohoctaw  Nation,  aud  the  county  of  Kiamitia  in  said 
nation,  be  attached  for  judicial  purposes  to  the  eastern  judicial  district 
of  Texas. 

The  third  section  provides  that  the  counties  of  Lamar,  Fannin,  Bed 
Biver,  and  Delta,  of  the  State  of  Texas,  and  all  that  part  of  the  Choc- 
taw Nation  attached  to  the  eastern  judicial  district  of  Texas,  by  the 
bill,  shall  constitute  a  division  of  said  district,  and  that  terms  of  the  cir- 
cuit and  district  courts  of  the  United  States  lor  the  eastern  district  of 
Texas  shall  be  held  twice  each  year  in  the  town  of  Paris,  Lamar  County^ 
Texas.,  said  courts  to  have  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  of  all  offenses 
committed  against  the  laws  of  the  United  States  within  that  part  of  the 
Choctaw  Nation  attached  by  the  bill  to  the  eastern  judicial  district  of 
Texas. 

The  sixth  sectiou  of  the  bill  attaches  that  part  of  the  Indian  Territory 
occupied  by  the  Chickasaw  Nation  and  the  counties  of  Gains  and  To- 
bucky,  in  the  first  judicial  district,  and  the  counties  of  Blue^  Atoka,  and 
Jack's  Forks,  of  the  third  judicial  district  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  to  the 
northern  judicial  district  of  Texas  for  judicial  purposes ;  and  the  seventh 
section  provides  that  those  parts  of  the  Indian  Territory  with  the  coun- 
ties of  Grayson,  Montague,  aud  Cooke,  in  the  State  of  Texas,  shall  con- 
stitute a  division  of  the  northern  judicial  district  of  Texas.  Terms  of 
the  circuit  and  district  courts  of  the  United  States  are  to  be  held  twice 
each  year  in  Deuison,  Grayson  County,  Texas,  and  said  courts  are  to 
exercise  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  of  all  offenses  against  the  laws  of 
the  Unite<l  States  committed  within  the  portions  of  the  Indian  Territory 
attached  to  said  northern  judicial  district  of  Texas  as  before  stated. 


Z        EASTERN   AND   NORTHERN   JUDICIAL    DISTRICTS    OF   TEXAS 

The  anomalous  comlition  of  the  Five  Civilized  Tribes  of  ludiaDS  liv- 
ing  in  the  Indian  Tenitory.  their  rapid  advance  towards  civilization, 
the  treaty  stipulations  between  them  and  the  United  States,  and  the 
eamestdcBireof  all  just  and  humane  minds  that  this  advance  should 
not  be  retarded,  or  the  spirit  of  these  treaties  violated,  give  to  the  bill 
before  us  the  greatest  importance  and  interest. 

In  1866,  at  the  clo^e  of  the  war,  the  Creeks,  Cherokee^,  Choctaws, 
and  Chickasaws,  havirg  joined  the  Confederate  States  during  hostihties, 
were  compelled  to  make  new  treaties  with  the  United  States,  in  each  of 
which  will  be  found  provisions  for  the  administration  of  justice  within 
the  Indian  Territory,  in  such  manner  as  the  United  States  might  de- 
termine. The  form  of  expression  varies  in  the  difterent  treaties,  it  be- 
ing expressly  provided  in  the  treaty  with  the  Cherokees  for  the  estab- 
lishing a  United  :States  cour%  whilst  in  the  other  treaties  it  is  provided 
that  the  United  States  may  enact  such  laws  as  may  be  necessary  to  se- 
cure the  administration  of  justice  and  the  i)rotection  of  life  and  prop- 
erty within  the  Territory;  but  the  intent  is  manifest  throughout  all  the 
treaties,  and  has  never  been  questioned,  except  from  interested  or  sin- 
ister motives,  that  the  Unite«l  States  should  have  the  right  to  determine 
ux)on  the  manner  of  administering  justice  within  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  the  means  ol  attaining  that  end. 

So  clearly  was  this  understood  by  all  parties,  and  especially  by  the 
Indians,  that  when  a  committee  of  the  Senate  visited  the  Indian  terri- 
torj^  a  few  years  after  the  war,  to  examine  into  their  condition,  and  as- 
certain their  wishes  upon  questions  aHecting  their  welfare,  the  testi- 
mony was  unvarying  and  unbroken  that  they  wished  lor  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Uniti  d  States  court  within  the  Territory  according  to  the  • 
treaties  of  1866. 

The  object  of  the  bill  before  us  is  to  confer  criminal  jurisdiction  over 
parts  of  the  Indian  Tenitory  upon  United  States  courts  in  Texas,  and 
we  are  not  without  experience  as  to  similar  legislation. 

In  1875  Congress  gave  to  the  United  States  district  court,  for  the  we3^ 
em  district  of  Arkansas,  criminal  jurisdiction  over  all  of  the  Indian  T^J' 
ritory,  and  the  result  has  not  been  such  as  to  invite  other  experiments  ^^ 
the  same  direction.  ^^^ 

It  appears  from  the  report  of  the  Attorney-General  that  the  expen*^^ 
of  the  United  States  courts  for  the  western  district  of  Arkansas,  for  isr^' 
were  $156,943.20,  nearly  $50,000  more  than  the  amounts  expended  ^  . 
any  other  district  in  the  United  States ;  and  the  same  report  shows  th^^ 
in  the  eastern  district  of  Arkansas,  for  the  same  year,  the  judicial  e:^^ 
penses  were  only  $48,075.67. 

We  are  aware  that  one  argument  for  the  bill  before  us  is,  that  the  di^^ 
tance  which  must  be  traveled  to  reach  the  Texas  courts  from  the  part^^ 
of  the  Indian  Territory  over  which  their  jurisdiction  is  to  be  extend 
will  be  less  than  in  attending  the  court  at  Fort  Smith,  Ark. ;  but  thi 
is  not  satisfactory,  for  the  reason  that  the  argument  is,  at  best,  onl 
comparative,  the  fact  still  remaining  that  persons  arrested  must  be  cajr^ 
ried  long  distances  to  either  Paris  or  Denison,  and  always  with  the  ex — 
pense  of  guards  and  increased  opportunities  for  escape. 

The  question  of  expense,  however,  is  not  the  only  one    involved-^ 
There  is  another  far  more  important  consideration.    The  civilized  tribe^ 
in  the  Indian  Territory,  whose  interests  are  affected  by  this  biU,  ar^ 
comparatively  advancea  in  civilization,  having  legislatures,  churches^ 
and  schools  as  have  white  communities.    They  are  fast  learning  the  firsts 
great  lesson  of  civilization-f— selfsui)port  and  self-reliance.    Our  purpose 
should  be  to  encourage  them  in  this  direction  by  teaching  them  in  every 


EASTERN  AND   NORTHERN   JUDICIAL   DISTRICTS   OF   TEXAS.      3 

way  possible  our  laws,  language,  and  modes  of  living.  What  oould 
possibly  oonduce  more  to  this  than  the  establishing  in  their  midst  a 
United  States  court,  the  proceedings  of  which  should  be  conducted  in 
the  English  language,  and  in  which  they  could  be  jurors,  witnesses, 
and  even  officers  t 

So  long  as  we  treat  the  Indian  as  a  dependent,  helpless  being,  fit  only 
to  be  us^  for  the  purpose  of  plunder  and  greed,  we  may  expect  the  re- 
sult which  has  attended  our  Indian  policy  for  the  last  hundred  years. 

Instead  of  dragging  them  off  to  other  States  to  be  tried  by  juries 
made  up  of  strangers,  instead  of  impressing  them  with  the  idea  that 
they  are  fit  only  for  the  punishment  of  the  law,  and  not  its  administra- 
tion, let  us  rather  seek  to  learn  them  the  self-respect  which  comes  to 
freemen  as  both  makers  and  administrators  of  the  laws. 

Impressed  with  these  convictions,  the  committee  have  already  re- 
ported to  the  Senate  a  bill  (S.  209)  establishing  a  United  States  court 
in  the  Indian  Territory,  with  exclusive  civil  and  criminal  jurisdiction, 
and  recommended  its  passage. 

As  the  bill  referred  to  the  committee  (H.  E.  6074)  conflicts  in  all  its 
provisions  with  Senate  bill  20i),  we  report  the  former  back  to  l^e  Senate 
with  the  recommendation  that  it  be  indefinitely  postponed. 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  «  Eepobt 

l8t  Session.       )  \  No.  576» 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  26,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Vest,  from  the  Committee  ou  Territories,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  bill  H.  R.  1565.] 

The  Committee  on  Territories^  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  {H.  R.  1565) 
to  authorize  the  appointment  of  a  commission  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States  to  run  and  mark  the  boundary  lines  between  a  portion  of 
the  Indian  Territory  and  the  State  of  Texa^^  in  connection  with  a  similar 
commission  to  be  appointed  by  the  State  of  Texas^  having  considered  the 
samCj  respectfully  report : 

That  by  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and 
Spain,  executed  February  22, 1819,  the  boundary  line  between  the  two 
countries  west  of  the  Mississippi  River  was  fixed  as  follows: 

Beginning  od  the  Gnlf  of  Mexico  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sabine  River,  in  the  sea,  and 
continuing  north  along  the  western  bank  of  that  river  to  the  thirty-second  decree  of 
latitude ;  thence  by  a  Hne  due  north  to  the  degree  of  latitude  where  it  strikes  tne  Rio 
Roxo  of  Nachitoches  or  Red  River ;  thence  following  the  course  of  the  Rio  Rox6  west- 
ward to  the  one  hundredth  degree  of  longitude  west  from  London  and  the  twenty- 
third  fit)m  Washington ;  thence  crossing  the  said  Red  River  and  running  thence  by  a 
line  due  north  to  the  river  Arkansas ;  thence  following  the  course  of  the  southern  bank 
of  the  Arkansas  to  its  source,  in  latitude  forty-two  degrees  north ;  and  thence  by  that 
parallel  of  latitude  to  the  South  Sea ;  the  whole  being  as  laid  down  in  Melish's  map 
of  the  United  States  published  at  Philadelphia,  improved  to  the  first  of  January, 
eighteen  hundred  and  eighteen. 

Article  2  of  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico  of  date 
January  12, 1828,  fixed  the  same  boundary  line  between  thetwoEepub- 
lics,  and  the  boundary  line  of  Texas  when  admitted  into  the  Union,  De- 
cember 27, 1845,  was  the  same  as  above  indicated. 

For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  it  has  been  contended  by  the 
State  of  Texas  that  the  boundary  line  between  a  portion  of  the  Indian 
Territory  and  that  State  is  what  is  now  known  as  the  North  Fork  of 
Bed  Eiver  up  to  the  degrees  of  longitude  100  west  from  London  and  23 
west  from  Washington.  It  is  claimed  by  the  United  States  that  what 
is  now  known  as  the  South  Fork  of  Red  River  is  the  boundary.  The  ter- 
ritory lying  between  these  two  streams  is  that  in  dispute.  It  is  known 
in  Texas  as  Greer  County,  and  so  designated  on  the  maps  of  that 
State.  If  the  North  Fork  be  the  boundary,  this  tract  of  country  is  a 
part  of  Texas;  if  the  South  Fork  be  the  boundary,  it  is  a  part  of  the 
Indian  Territory.    In  extent  it  is  approximately  2,400  square  miles. 

The  necessity  for  legislation  on  this  subject  grows  out  of  the  different 
constructions  placed  upon  the  treaties  between  the  United  States  and 
Spain  and  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  above  referred  to. 

It  seems  to  the  committee  that  the  bill  which  we  report  meets  the 
necessities  of  the  case  fairly,  and  we  recommend  its  adoption  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  the  bill  H.  R.  1565. 


48th  Congress,  )  SENATE.  (  Report 

Ist  Session,       J  \  No.  577. 


REPORT 


OF   TlIK 


COMMITTEE  ON  POST-OFFICES  AND  PflST-RflADS, 


UNITED  STATES  SENATE, 


ON 


POSTAL  TELEGRAPH 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1884. 


48th  congress,  )  SENATE.  (  Report 

1  St  tScssioH,       i  \  No.  577. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


May  27,  18S4.--Or<leitMl  to  be  priiit*^!!. 


Mr.  Hill,  from  the  Committee  on  Post-Offices  ami  Post-Roads,  sub- 
mitted the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  accompany  the  bill  S.  2022.1 

The  Committee  on  Post- Offices  and  Post-Roads^  to  which  were  referred  Sen- 
ate bills  No.  17,  *'to  provide  for  the  establishment  of  a  postal  telegraph 
system^^  No.  227,  "  to  establish  a  system  of  postal  telegraph  in  the  United 
States,^  and  No.  1016,  "  to  provide  for  the  transmission  of  correspond- 
ence by  telegraph ;"  and  which  was  also  instrnctedby  the  Senate  to  inquire 
"  whether  the  cost  of  telegraphic  correspondence  beticeen  the  several  States 
and  Territories  of  the  United  States  or  with  foreign  count rjes  lias  been 
injuriously  affected  by  large  stock  dividends  made  by  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company^  by  consolidation  between  different  telegraphic  com- 
panies^ by  tcoriing  controls  with  cable  companies^  by  leasing  of  connect- 
ing or  ccmpeting  lines,  or  by  other  means,^  has  considered  the  same,  and 
submits  the  following  report^  together  with  an  accompanying  bill  (S.  2022) : 

The  committee  has  heard  fully  such  statements  as  the  representatives 
of  the  Western  Union,  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  Bjinkers  and  Merchants', 
and  Postal  Telepjraph  Companies  have  desired  to  make.  It  has  also 
examined  witnesses  not  connected  with  those  companies,  and  has  re- 
ceived several  written  communications.  These  statements  and  written 
communications  are  herewith  submitted. 

In  respect  to  the  instructions  given  by  the  Senate  to  the  committee 
to  inquire  whether  the  cost  ot  telegraphic  corresj)ondence  has  been  raised 
by  the  stock  dividends  of  the  Western  Union  (Company,  and  by  its  va- 
rious consolidations  with  and  leases  of  other  telegraph  property,  the 
committee  believes  that  it  can  best  comply  with  them  by  giving  a  sum- 
mary history  of  the  increase  of  the  debts,  rentals,  and  stock  capital  of 
the  Western  Union  Company,  and  such  information  as  is  obtainable  as 
to  the  actual  value  of  the  tangible,  property  which  it  holds,  either  by 
direct  ownership  or  by  lease. 

At  the  ])resent  time  its  stock  capital  is  $80,000,000,  its  bonded  and 
other  debt  is  $0,224,170,  bearing  an  annual  interest  of  $4n0,911,  and  the 
annual  rentals  which  it  has  assumed  obligations  to  pay  for  leased  lines 
in  this  country  are  $528,000,  which  obligations  to  pay  rent,  capitalized 
on  the  basis  of  an  annual  interest  of  6  per  cent.,  are  equal  to  a  debt  of 
$8,800,000.  Its  total  share,  debt,  and  rental  capital  is,  therefore, 
$95,024,176,  and  as  the  dividends  upon  the  stock  part  of  it  are  at  the 
rate  of  7  per  cent,  per  annum,  the  net  profits  required  to  be  derived  from 
its  business,  in  order  to  pay  the  annual  charges  upon  this  capital,  is 
$6,694,911. 


4  POSTAL   TELEGRAPH. 

It  is  also  under  obligations  to  pay  annual  rentals  of  $700,000  for  At- 
lantic cables,  and  of  $301,0<W)  for  Cuban  cables,  and  for  the  Gold  and 
Stock  Company,  beinga  total  of  $1,<KU, 000,  which, if  capitalized  :it6per 
cent,  interest,  is  equal  to  a  debt  of  $lG,GtS3,000.  But  if  this  leased  ]»r()p- 
erty  as  a  whole  yields  an  income  equal  to  the  rentals  paid  for  it,  it  wUl 
not  be  necessary  for  the  Western  Union  Company  to  impose  a  tax  uiwn 
the  internal  telegraphic  business  of  the  country  in  order  to  make  good 
a  deficiency.    How  much  income  it  yields  does  not  clearly  appear. 

In  respect  to  the  stock  capital  of  the  Western   Union  Company, 
amounting  to  $80,000,0(Mj,  nearly  the  whole  of  it  has  arisen  from  stock 
dividends  and  from  purchases  made  of  the  lines  of  other  companies, 
which  were  paid  for  by  issues  of  stock.     In  1803  its  stock  capital  was 
only  $3,000,000,  and  even  of  that  amount,  small  as  it  seems  in  compari- 
son with  the  ])resent  stock  capital  of  $80,000,000,  it  is  quite  <;ertain  that 
at  least  five-sixths  consisted  of  what  is  known  in  stock  manipulations 
as  water.    The  original  line  of  the  Western  Union  was  from  New  York 
to  Ijouisville,  via  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  and   Cincinnati,  and   was  con- 
structed at  a  cost  of  about  $150,000.     It  early  acquired,  by  purchase  at 
verj'  low  rates,  the  property  of  embarrassed  Western  telegraph  compa- 
nies, owning  lines  from  Buflhlo  to  Milwaukee,  and  from  Cleveland  to 
Cincinnati,  and  built  a  line  from  Pittsburgh  to  Philadelphia,  but  even 
then,  its  actual  cash  investment  is  affirmed  by  those  who  have  carefully 
investigated  the  subject  not  to  have  exceeded  $300,(H)0. 

In  1863  the  stock  proi)erty  of  $3,000,000  was  doubled  by  a  stock  divi- 
dend, and  during  1803  and  1804  $5,0<K),000  was  added  to  represent  ex- 
tensions and  purchases  of  new  lines  paid  for  in  stock.  The  capital  be- 
ing thus  swollen  to  $11,000,000  was  in  18(»4  doubled  by  a  stock  divi- 
dend and  thereby  made  $22,000,000. 

Eighteen  huudred  and  sixty-six  was  a  year  memorable  for  new  con- 
solidations, the  stock  ca])ital  having  then  been  increased  to  $4 1 ,000,000 
by  the  issue  of  $19,000,000  of  new  t^ock.  Since  1866  the  stoc^k  capital 
has  been  carried  up  to  its  present  amount  of  $80,000,000,  partly  by  the 
issue  of  stock  for  the  purchase  of  new  lines,  but  mainly  bv  the  three  fol- 
lowing stock  dividends :  In  1879,  $5,960,600;  in  188i,  $15,526,590,  and 
$4,320,000;  total,  $25,807,190. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  comment  upon  stock  dividends,  the  nature  and 
effect  of  which  are  well  understood.  In  respect  to  the  issues  of  stock 
for  purchases  of  other  lines,  the  prices  j)aid  have  no  relation  either  to 
the  cost  or  to  the  earning  capacity  of  the  property.  The  purchases  were 
influenced,  in  some  cases,  by  the  desire  to  get  rid  of  competition,  and 
in  others,  by  the  fact  that  the  persons  controlling  the  management  of 
the  Western  Union  had  large  interests  in  the  property  purchased.  In 
purchases  prompted  by  the  latter  motiv**  the  higher  the  prices  which 
were  paid,  the  greater  were  the  gains  of  individuals  in  the  control  of 
the  Western  Union. 

In  the  case  of  a  purchase  made  before  1870  of  a  line  1,100  miles  long, 
from  Broxnville,  Nebr.,  to  Salt  Lake  City,  which  was  built  for  $147,000, 
and  had  been  nearly  three  times  paid  for  by  a  bonus  from  the  Govern- 
ment of  $40,000  annually  for  len  years,  but  which  the  building  com- 
pany, styling  itself  the  Pacific  Telegraph  Company,  had  stocked  at 
$1,000,000,  the  Western  Union  paid  $2,000,000  ot  its  own  stock  under 
the  circumstances  detailed  in  the  following  extract  from  a  sworn  state- 
ment made  March  26,  1870,  by  Charles  M.  Stebbins,  a  well-known  tele- 
graph builder : 

This  ^1,000,000  of  Pacific  Telegraph  stock  (prominent  men  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  being  the  sole  owners)  was  afterwards  taken  into  the  Westero 


POSTAL   TELEGRAPH.  5 

Union  Telegraph  Company  by  issiiinj?  therefor $-2,000,000  of  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company's  stock.  After  this  theWes'eni  Union  Telegraph  Company's  stock  was 
troMed.  I>y  which  manipulation  an  original  expenditure  of  $147^000  (and  a  part  of 
that  not  honestly  spent)  came  to  rfpreseut  §d,(jOO,UiiO  of  Western  Union  Telegraph 
stock. 

lu  1881  the  Western  Union  paid  $15,000,000  of  its  stock  for  the  stock 
and  bonds  of  the  American  Union  Telegraph  Company,  and  $4,080,000 
of  its  stock  for  all  of  the  stock  which  it  <lid  not  already  own  of  the  At- 
lantic and  Pacific  Telegrai)h  Company.  From  a  comparison  of  the  an- 
nual reports  of  the  Western  Union  it  appears  that  the  addition  to  its 
property  was  greater  in  1881,  when  these  purchases  were  made,  than  in 
1882,  when  no  purchases  were  made,  by  only  3,975  miles  of  pole,  46,171 
miles  of  wire,  and  329  offices.  This  excess  of  addition  to  the  equipment 
in  1881  seems  to  be  a  tolerably  correct  measure  of  the  tangible  property 
which  the  Western  Union  acquired  by  issuing  $ll»,080,000  of  stock  in 
1881,  and  if  it  is,  the  actual  cost  value  of  the  property  must  have  been 
about  $3,231,970,  on  the  estimated  cost  of  constructing  telegraph  lines 
per  mile  of  wire  at  $70.  The  purchases  of  new  lines  made  in  1881  did 
not  cause  any  accessions  to  the  business  of  the  Western  Union,  inas- 
much as  the  subsequent  increase  in  the  number  of  messages  was  no 
greater  than  the  normal  growth  without  the  addition  of  new  lines. 

It  is  evident,  without  pursuing  this  branch  of  the  subject  further,  that 
the  price  which  the  Western  Onion  paid  in  its  stock  for  competing  lines 
was  vastly  in  excess  of  either  the  cost  or  earning  capacity  of  the  prop- 
erty acquired. 

It  was  claimed  before  the  committee,  by  the  president  of  the  Western 
Union,  that  it  had  from  time  to  time  expendexl,out  of  its  current  earnings, 
considerable  money  on  construction  account;  thatis  to  say.  in  additions  to 
its  lines  and  equi])ments,over  and  above  their  maintenance  This  maybe 
true  to  some  extent,  but  cannot  be  true  to  the  extent  of  justifying  the 
enormous  stock  dividends  which  tbe  company  has  made,  nor  was  the 
appropriation  of  current  income  to  construction  account  sufficient  to 
prevent  the  payment  of  munificent  cash  dividends  to  the  shareholders, 
who  received  in  that  way  from  18G7  to  1883  (both  inclusive)  $34,000,000 
in  addition  to  stock  dividends  of  $25,817,198. 

As  the  prices  paid  by  the  Western  Union  in  its  own  stock  do  not 
furnish  even  an  approximate  idea  of  the  actual  cost  of  the  lines  which 
it  has  purchased  from  other  companies,  and  as  the  representatives  of 
the  Western  Union,  which  alone  possesses  the  information,  have  given 
no  definite  or  detailed  account  of  the  annmuts  of  money  it  has  itself  ex- 
pended in  the  construction  of  lines,  the  committee  has  endeavored  to 
ascertain  what  it  would  now  cost  to  reproduce  lines  equal  in  every  re- 
spect to  those  which  the  Western  Union  has  acquired  in  all  ways.  The 
present  cost  of  similar  lines  is  a  near  approximation  to  the  cost  of  the 
existing  lines.  There  has  been  a  fall  in  the  price  of  wire  as  compared 
with  the  average  price  during  the  ])eriod  when  the  existing  lines  were 
constructed,  but  this  is  partially  offset  by  the  rise  in  the  price  of  poles. 

The  president  of  the  Western  Union  stated  to  the  committee  that  the 
books  of  the  company  show  that  the  miles  of  wire  owned  by  it  are 
348,819,  and  that  the  miles  controlled  and  leased  are  82,909,  making  a 
total  of  431,728.  As  ])artof  the  miles  owned,  he  counted  the  linrs  pur- 
chased of  companies,  including  the  cases  of  companies  the  separate 
organization  of  which  is  kept  up  for  various  reasons  but  all  the  shares 
of  which,  except  a  minute  portion,  .are  held  by  the  Western  Union.  De- 
ducting the  wires  leased  to  newspapers,  railroads,  and  individuals,  the 
rentals  of  which  do  not  appear  in  the  receipts  for  telegrams,  and  de- 


6  POSTAL  TELEGRAPH. 

ducting  also  the  lines  which  are  really  mere  duplicates  and  practically 
useless,  which  formed  a  part  of  the  property  obtained  by  the  Western 
Union  in  its  multiplied  acquisitions  of  other  companies,  the  committee 
believes  it  to  be  a  large  estimate  to  assume  that  the  number  of  miles  of 
wire  actually  usedin,  and  necessary  to,  its  business  of  transmittingtele- 
grams  is  350,000.  The  committee  believes  also  that  the  average  cost  at 
this  time  per  mile  of  wire,  including  poles,  construction,  and  the  instru- 
ments for  telegraphing,  would  not  exceed  $70,  which  would  make  a  total 
cost  of  824,500,000  for  the  whole  350,0ii0  miles.  But  if  we  assume  that 
everv  mile  of  wire  owned  bv  the  Western  Union  is  essential  to  itsbnsi- 
ness  ot  transmitting  telegrams,  viz,  431,728  miles,  the  value  of  the  prop- 
erty at  $70  per  mile  would  be  $30,220,900.  At  present  there  are  in  this 
country,  on  an  average,  al)Out  3  miles  of  wire  to  1  mile  of  pole  line,  but 
as  telegraphic  business  increases  the  proportion  of  wires  will  be  larger. 

Colin  Fox,  late  an  employ^  of  the  W' est^^rn  Union,  testified  before  the 
committee,  that  between  1868  and  187C  he  built  from  500  to  800  miles 
of  pole  line  in  Michigan,  on  poles  25  feet  long  and  5  inches  at  the  top 
end,  and  adapted  to  conveying  two  or  three  wires,  but  generally  carry- 
ing only  one,  at  a  cost  never  excee<ling  $75  per  mile.  For  an  additional 
wire  (No.  9)  the  increased  cost  would  have  been  $30  per  mile.  The  lines 
were  well  built  and  are  still  in  use.  He  also  testified  that  one  set  of  in- 
struments in  an  ofiice  would  cost  $25,  and  that  the  distance  between 
offices  ranged  between  six  and  ten  miles.  The  poles  he  used  were  ob- 
tained in  a  lumbering  country  and  at  cheap  rates. 

E.  E.  Chapman,  who  was  superintendent  of  the  construction  of  part  of 
the  lines  of  the  Mutual  Union,  including  all  their  lines  west  of  Cleve- 
land, testified  that  he  built  himself  a  portion  of  the  lines  between  Cleve- 
land and  Chicago,  and  between  Chicago  and  Kansas  City.  On  theline 
between  Cleveland  and  Chicago  the  poles  were  strictly  first  class,  30 
feet  long  and  6  inches  at  the  top  end,  and  of  a  capacity  to  carry  16 
wiies,  No.  6  and  No.  8,  although  ol'iginally  constructed  with  only  fonr 
wires.  With  the  four  wires  the  cost  of  materials  and  construction  was 
from  $325  to  $350  per  mile.  If  eight  wires  had  been  strung  the  cost 
would  have  been  less  than  $00  per  mile  of  wire.  Since  that  time  wire 
has  fallen  and  poles  have  risen  in  price.  Mr.  Chapman  testified  that 
this  line  was  constructed  some  distance  from  the  route  of  any  railway? 
and  that  there  was  no  better  constructed  line  in  the  United  States.  He 
also  built  the  line  from  Springfield,  III.,  to  Kansas  City  with  25  feet 
pales,  5  inches  at  the  toj)  end,  with  two  wires,  although  provided  with 
cross-arms  for  two  more,  at  a  cost  of  $225  per  mile.  With  four  wires 
strung  the  cost  would  have  bem  $71  per  mile  of  wire. 

John  C.  Van  Duzer,  formerly  a  superintendent  and  constructor  of 
United  States  military  lines,  testified  that  he  has  built,  since  the  civil 
war,  4,000  miles  in  Texas,  the  Indian  Territorv,  New  Mexico,  Montana? 
and  Dakota.  He  built  1,20(»  miles  in  Texas  in  1874  and  1875  under  the 
direction  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer,  all  with  a  single  (No.  9)  wire.  The 
cost  of  all  materials,  poles,  wires,  an<l  insulators,  was  $50  per  mile.  T^® 
labor  was  performed  by  the  troops,  but  would  have  cost,  if  hired,  $25  per 
mile.  An  additional  wire  would  have  cost  $30  per  mile  more;  the  ti^^ 
of  a  ^o.  8  wire  would  have  increased  the  cost  $4  per  mile  of  wire.  Tue 
poles,  chiefly  red  cedar,  25  feet  long  and  5  inches  at  the  top,  were,  ^i^|^ 
the  exception  of  one  cargo  shipped  from  Norfolk,  obtained  in  TeX^? 
but  were  hauled  long  <listances,  in  some  cases  100  miles,  at  great  ex- 
pense. He  also  testified  that  white  cedar  poles  of  the  same  dimeu8ioD8» 
which  would  carry  four  wires,  can  be  purchased  for  40  cents  in  Wiscon- 
sin and  Michigan,  delivered  by  water  at  either  Detroit  or  Chicago  at  <v 


POSTAL   TELEGRAPH  7 

cents,  and  delivered  at  railroad  stations  in  Illinois  or  Iowa  at  $1.25  in 
car-load  lots. 

The  exact  excess  of  the  capitalization  of  the  Western  Union,  beyond 
the  actual  cost  of  its  lines,  and  beyond  what  it  would  now  cost  to  repro- 
duce similar  lines,  cannot  be  determined.  That  it  is  enormous  is  en- 
tirely plain  and  undisputed. 

In  reference  to  the  inquiry  whether  this  excess  of  capitalization, 
arising  from  stock  dividends  and  from  purchases  of  other  lines  at  in- 
flated i)rices,  paid  in  stock,  has  ''injuriously  affected  the  cost"  of  the 
transmission  of  telegrams,  the  committee  deem  it  suflficicnt  to  say  that 
its  own  conclusions  correspond  with  the  opinion  of  the  country,  that  its 
effect  in  that  direction  cannot  be  a  matter  of  doubt,  and  that  it  has  been 
very  great,  even  if  we  admit,  as  is  claimed  by  the  Western  Union,  that 
the  average  rate  on  the  aggregate  business  has  been  reduced. 

The  swollen  capitalization  of  the  Western  Union  has  created  at  one 
and  the  same  time  a  cover,  au  inducement,  and  in  some  senses  a  neces- 
sity for  excessive  charges  for  telegrams.  To  the  extent  that  the  public 
liave  been  made  to  believe  that  the  nominal  capital  was  a  rt-al  one,  it 
has  tended  to  cause  a\)  acquiescence  in  excessive  charges,  while  the  ex- 
posure of  the  actual  nature  of  the  nominal  capital  does  not  diminish  the 
pressure  of  the  motives  which  impel  the  managers  of  the  company  to 
keep  up  charges  which  are  essential  to  the  maintenance  of  the  present 
dividends  upon  the  immense  mass  of  its  watered  stock. 

For  the  purposes  of  relieving  the  country  of  the  burden  of  charges, 
for  telegrams  which  are  too  high,  of  making  those  charges  more  equal 
as  between  different  localities  and  different  classes  of  telegrams,  and  of 
guarding  against  the  mischiefs  and  dangers  of  leaving  the  control  of 
the  telegraphic  business  of  the  country  in  the  hands  of  a  private  com- 
pany, which  enjoys  a  practical  monopoly,  the  committee  has  reported 
the  accompanying  bill  (Senate,  2022).   • 

The  constitutional  right  of  this  Government  to  establish  a  postal 
telegraph,  under  its  power  to  establish  post-oflfices  and  post- roads,  seems 
too  clear  to  require  argument.  It  has  always  been  recogniztnl,  and  the 
first  telegraphic  line  in  this  country  was  constructed  and  operated  and 
owned  by  the  United  States,  and  many  military  lines  are  now  in  opera- 
tion. In  all  European  countries,  the  business  of  telegraphing  is  man- 
aged by  the  public  authorities.  The  war  power  and  the  ])ower  to  regu- 
late commerce  between  the  States  are  sometimes  invoked  and  may  be 
fairly  invoked,  as  also  justifying  this  Government  in  establishing  a 
postal  telegraph,  but  the  power  to  establish  post-offices  and  post-roads 
is  of  itself  abundantly  sufficient  lor  the  purpose.  A  ])ractical  construc- 
tion long  ago  extended  it  to  modes  of  communication  not  known  when 
the  Constitution  was  formed,  such  as  steamboats  and  railroads,  and 
there  can  be  no  difficulty  in  extending  it  to  other  modes  since  discov- 
ered, such  as  the  telegraph  and  the  telephone. 

To  the  objection  to  a  postal  telegraph  that  it  will  operate  injuriously 
upon  the  business  and  profits  of 'jirivate  telegraphs,  there  are  obvious 
and  sufficient  answers.  All  ])ersous  engaged  in  any  business,  not  protected 
by  the  monopoly  of  a  patent,  know  and  act  upon  the  knowledge  that  they 
are  exposed  to  the  competition  of  other  persons  and  of  the  public  au- 
thorities. The  postal  money  order  system  interferes  with  the  business 
of  bankers.  The  parcel  post  interferes  with  the  business  of  the  express 
companies.  Postal  savings  banks,  existing  in  many  countries  and  often 
proposed  in  this  country,  would  interfere  with  the  business  of  private 
savings  banks.  It  has  been  known  for  many  years?  that  a  jmstal  tele- 
graph had  numerous  advocates,  and  that  its  establishment,  in  some 


8  POSTAL   TELEORAPU. 

fonii,  was  anionfz:  probable  events,  and  all  jiersons  concerned  oagbt  to 
bavn  {governed  themselves  accordingly,  and  doubtless  bave  done  so.  In 
making  these  obser^'ations  the  committee  does  not  intend  to  deny  that 
it  is  the  duty  of  the  Government,  in  exercising  its  jiowers,  to  look  at  all 
the  efl'ects  of  every  measure  which  is  i»roposed,  including  its  eflfects 
upon  private  citizens  who  are  engaged  in  any  lawful  industry  or  under- 
taking. But  in  this  case,  as  the  committee  expects  to  be  able  to  show, 
no  damage  is  threatened  to  any  private  i>er8ons  or  companies,  beyond 
a  ciu'tailnient  of  extraordinary  and  abnormal  profits,  and  the  curtail-  * 
ment  is  not  greater  in  degree  than  is  required  to  relieve  the  people  from 
unreasonable  exactions  imposed  by  the  companies  themselves. 

The  bill  reported  by  the  committee  provides  in  its  first  ten  sections 
for  inviting  proposals  from  telegraph  companies  now  in  existence,  or 
V.  Inch  may  hereafter  be  lormed,  to  do  the  work  of  transmitting  sach 
telegi-aphic  dispatches  as  the  Government  may  deliver  to  them,  at 
prices  which  are  not  to  exceed  the  rates  specified  in  the  bill.    Sacb 
post-offices  as  shall  be  designated  from  time  to  time  as  postal  telegraph 
oilices  are  to  receive  dispatches  from  the  public  and  hand  them  over  to 
the  contracting  companies  for  transmission  to  .the  postal  telegraph 
offices  in  the  places  of  their  destination,  from  which  they  are  to  be  de- 
livered to  the  persons  to  whom  they  are  addressed.    For  the  services 
of  receiving  and  delivering  the  messages  the  Government  is   to  be 
allowed  three  cents  for  each  message,  which  is  to  be  collected  by  de- 
ducting it  from  the  rate  allowed  to  the  contracting  companies.    On  this 
plan,  as  thus  briefly  sketched,  the  Government  will  deal  with  telegrams 
precisely  as  it  now  deals  with  letters,  that  is  to  say,  it  will  confine  itself 
to  receiving  and  delivering  them.    In  both  cases  the  transmission  is 
performed  for  the  Government  by  contractors,  letters  being  carried  by 
railroads,  steamboats,  coaches,  wagons,  &c.,  and  telegrams  being  car- 
ried over  wiree.    In  neither  case  does  the  Government  have  anything 
to  do  with  the  plant  n^quired  to  do  the  actual  work  of  transmission, 
which  is  left  to  be  provided  by  the  contractors. 

The  maximum  rates  limited  by  the  bill  are,  for  day  telegrams  of  not 
exceeding  20  words  exclusive  of  the  date,  20  cents  for  distances  within 
1,000  miles,  with  an  additional  charge  of  5  cents  for  every  additional 
250  miles,  or  fraction  thereof;  but  for  no  distance  is  the  rate  to  exceed 
50  cents.  For  night  telegrams  the  maximum  rate  for  not  exceeding  20 
words,  exclusive  of  date,  is  to  be  15  cents  for  all  distances  below  2,000 
miles,  ami  for  greater  distances  25  cents.  In  respect  to  both  day  and 
night  telegram**  an  addition  of  one-fifth  the  rate  is  to  be  made  for  every 
6  words,  or  fraction  thereof  in  excess  of  20  words.  The  prescribed  rates 
are  to  cover  ini mediate  and  special  delivery  within  a  mile  of  the  tele- 
graph office,  ov  within  the  letter-carrier  delivery,  and  immediate  trans- 
mission by  mail  nhen  destined  for  any  place  where  there  is  no  postal 
telegraph  office.  If  acceptable  contracts  can  be  entered  into,  the  con- 
tractors are  to  transmit  all  messages  sent  by  Government  officials  upon 
l>ublio  business  at  rates  to  be  fixed  by  the  Postmaster-General,  as  under 
existing  laws.  The  Government  is  not  in  any  case  to  assume  any  mo- 
nopoly of  the  telegraph  business,  but  is  to  leave  it  open  to  everybody, 
including  the  companies  which  may  contract  to  transmit  messages  de- 
livered to  them  by  the  Government. 

The  plan  covered  by  those  sections  involves  no  outlay  of  money, 
present  or  future,  not  reimbursed  to  the  Government.  The  only  new 
office  which  it  creates,  is  that  of  an  Assistant  Postmaster-GeneraL  The 
messenger  boys  who  will  deliver  telt^grams,  and  a  small  number  of  addi- 
tional clerks  are  the  only  new  employes  whom  it  will  call  for,  and  that 


POSTAL    TELEGRAPH.  9 

I)ranc]i  of  the  business  involves  only  a  small  expenditu-  e  and  no  political 
])atroua^e.  The  income  received  by  the  Government  for  receiviu^r  and 
deliveiing  telegrams  will  certainly  pa3',  and  probably  over-pay,  the  fore- 
going charges,  and  also  the  cost  of  ])roviding  a  room  in  each  postal  tele- 
grd])h  office,  as  required  by  section  7,  for  the  use  of  the  employes,  instru- 
ments and  batteries  of  the  com]>anies  contracting  to  transmit  telegrams. 
The  receiving  of  telegrams  by  the  postal  telegraph  offices,  will  subject 
the  Government  to  but  little  expense  ntit  now  incurred.  The  delivery 
of  telegranjs  will  cost  one  cent  tt»r  each  telegram,  iiccording  to  the  evi 
dence  submitted  to  the  committee.  As  the  charge  collected  by  the  Gov- 
ernment for  receiving  and  delivtiing  will  be  three  cents  for  each  tele- 
gram, there  will  be  a  profit  of  two  cents  on  each.  This  would  be  $811,623 
annually,  if  the  Govennnent  handles  40,581,177  telegrams  annually,  as 
the  Western  Union  did  in  >883.  $811,023  per  annum,  will  more  than 
cover  the  rent  of  the  rooms  which  theGovernment  is  to  furnish  under  the 
seventh  section  of  the  bill,  and  we  may  expect  that  the  Government  will 
soon  handle  twice  40,581,177  telegrams  annually,  on  the  basis  of  the  ex- 
perience in  Europe  of  the  eft'ect  of  lowered  rates  to  multiply  the  number 
of  telegrams  sent. 

The  plan  provides  for  the  widest  practicable  diffusion  of  the  proposed 
new  system.  All  post-offices  in  places  in  which  telegraph  offices  exist 
when  the  bill  becomes  a  law  are  made  postal  telegraph  offices,  and  au- 
thority is  also  given  to  the  Postmaster-General  to  designate  other  post- 
offi(*.es  as  postal  telegraph  offices  from  time  to  time,  as  the  wants  of  the 
])ubltc  may  seem  to  him  to  require.  Furthermore,  the  new  telegraphic 
service  is  really  extended  to  i)ost-offices  which  ai-e  not  postal  telegraph 
offices,  by  the  provisions  that  messages  may  l»e  sent  over  the  wnes  to 
the  postal  telegi'aph  office  nearest  to  their  destination,  and  thence  for- 
warded by  mail  to  the  person  a'Idressed.  Tht*  companies  to  whom  con- 
tracts for  the  sending  of  messages  may  be  awarded  are  forthwith  to 
open  for  use  such  lines  as  they  may  have  in  operation,  and  must,  within 
four  years,  construct  or  acquire  such  additional  lines  as  will  connect 
all  the  post-offices  which  are  made  by  the  bill  postal  telegraph  offices, 
and  with  the  further  requirement  that  at  least  one-fourth  of  the  needed 
additional  lines  shall  be  annually  constructed  or  acquired.  The  plan  is 
enlarged  so  Jis  to  include  telegraphic  money  orders  for  sums  not  ex- 
ceeding $100,  that  being,  in  the  opinion  of  the  committee,  as  1  «rge  a 
limit  as  it  w^as  prudent  to  fix,  until  we  can  have  some  actual  experience 
of  the  working  of  the  system. 

The  contracts  for  the  transmission  of  telegrams  are  to  be  made  after 
advertising  for  bids,  with  the  provision  that  the  Postmaster-General 
•'shall  contract  with  the  company  or  companies  whose  proposition 
shall  be  deemed  by  him  the  most  favorable  for  the  performance  of  the 
telegraph  service"  contemplated  by  the  bill.  The  term  of  the  contract 
is  five  years,  with  a  right  on  the  part  of  the  contractors  to  one  renewal 
for  another  term  of  i\ve  years,  provided  they  have  faithfully  performed 
all  their  duties  during  the  first  terra,  and  subject  to  the  further  condi- 
tion that  a  uniform  rate,  without  regard  to  distance  for  sending  tele- 
grants  at  or  below  the  lowest  rate  specified  in  the  bill,  shall  be  adopted. 
AH  contracts  are  t<t  be  at  any  and  all  times  terminable  at  the  option  of 
Congress,  and  in  addition  there  is  expressly  reserved  to  Congress  the 
general  power  of  altering,  amending,  or  repealing  the  ])roposed  law  or 
any  part  ot  it.  In  short,  the  fullest  freedom  of  action  is  reserved  to  the 
Government  in  the  future,  so  that  it  may  withdraw  from  the  system  at 
any  time,  if  it  proves  to  be  onerous  or  injurious  in  any  particular  not  now 
foreseen. 


10  POSTAL   TELEGRAPH. 

The  comaiittee  was  uDauiinous  in  reporting:  the  first  ten  sections  of 
the  bill ;  sorae  of  its  members  believin«r  that  those  sections  go  as  far  as 
it  is  now  prudent  to  go  in  the  direction  of  connecting  the  Government 
with  the  telegraphic  business,  and  others  believing  that  those  sections 
constitute  an  important  improvement  on  the  existing  system,  although 
they  would  have  preferred  that  there  should  now  be  begun  and  pressed 
to  a  full  completion,  as  soon  as  practicable,  the  plan  of  a  complete  Gov- 
ernment ownership  and  working  of  telegraph  lines. 

The  concluding  thirteen  sections,  which  embody  all  the  principles  of  , 
the  bill  S.  17,  introduced  by  Senator  Edmunds,  did  not  receive  tlie 
unanimous  support  of  the  committte.  The  members  of  it  who  were  in 
the  n)inority  as  respects  thai  part  of  the  bill  will  doubtless  state  the 
views  by  which  they  were  controlled.  It  will  be  improper  to  antic- 
ipate the  statements  they  may  think  tit  to  make,  but  there  is  no  impro- 
priety in  saying  that  their  principal  objection  to  the  concluding  part  of 
the  bill  was  understood,  in  a  general  way,  to  be  that  it  was  inexpedient 
to  enlarge  the  present  operation^  and  patronage  of  the  Government  by 
throwing  upon  it  the  ownership  and  management  of  telegraph  lines, 
and  on  that  account  they  were  not  prepared  to  sanction  provisions  for 
doing  that,  even  contingently  ujmn  the  event  that  no  satisfactory  bids 
should  be  received  from  contractors  for  the  transmission  of  telegrams 
within  the  rates  limited  by  the  bill. 

It  is  provided  in  these  sections  that  if  no  responsible  contractors  shall 
offer  to  carry  messages  over  their  wires  within  the  rates  limited  in  the 
bill,  the  Government  may  accept  any  otter  for  sale  of  existing  lines  suit- 
able for  the  purposes  intended,  and  at  prices  deemed  to  be  fair  and 
reasonable  by  the  Postmaster-General,  it  being  further  required  that 
any  proposal  of  that  kind  shall  first  be  submitted  to  and  approved  by 
Congress.    The  Postmaster-General  is  required  to  invite  proposals  for 
the  sale  of  telegraph  lines,  at  the  time  when  he  invites  proposals  for 
contracts  to  transmit  telegrams,  so  that  if  no  satisfactory  jiroposalsof  the 
latter  kind  may  be  received,  it  may  be  possible  that  he  will  receive  pro- 
posals for  the  sale  of  lines  in  season  to  be  acted  upon  during  the  lifetime 
of  the  present  Congress.    But  it  no  purchjvse  of  lines  is  consummated  by 
the  approval  of  Congress  before  the  4th  of  March  next,  and  if  before  the 
same  date  no  contract  is  entered  into  for  the  transmission  of  telegrams, 
the  bill  provides  that  a  board  consisting  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  and  the  Postmaster  General  shall  locate  four  trunk  lines 
of  telegraph  connecting  Washington  with  the  northe^istern,  northwest- 
ern, western,  southwestern,  and  southern  parts  of  the  country,  such  lines 
and  branches  thereof  to  be,  from  time  to  time,  extended  as  Congress  may 
hereafter  appropriate  money  therefor.    The  actual  construction  is  to  be 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  through  the  Corps  of 
Engineers,  subject  to  the  same  general  i^ro visions  of  law  which  are  ap- 
plicable to  other  public  works  under  the  charge  of  the  same  Secretary. 
The  lines,  when  constructed,  are  to  be  used  for  sending  telegrams,  at  the 
rates  provided  in  the  first  sections  of  the  bill,  but  those  rates  are  sub- 
ject to  revision  by  a  board  consisting  of  the  Secretary'  of  State,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  and  Postmaster-General.     If  it  shall  happen  that 
over  the  routes  upon  which  this  bill  authorizes  the  construction  of  lines, 
there  are  already  existing  lines  of  a  suitable  character,  the  Secretary  of 
War,  with  the  approval  of  the  President,  may  purchase  them,  if  he  can 
do  so  at  prices  not  exceeding  what  it  would  cost  the  United  States  in  ca«h 
to  construct  similar  lines,  and  at  such  reduction  below  such  prices  as 
ought  to  be  made  on  account  of  the  decay  or  deterioration  of  the  lines 
jmrchased.    The  appropriation  for  the  current  fiscal  year  ending  June 


POSTAL   TELEGRAPH.  11 

30,  1885,  to  carry  out  the  bill  is  two  million  dollars.    The  clerks,  electri- 
csians,  and  operators  to  be  employed  io  working  the  lineB  eontingently 
proposed  to  be  acquired  or  constructed  by  the  Government,  are  to  be 
subjected  to  examination  by  the  Board  of  Civil  Service  Commissioners, 
and  of  the  persons  passing  a  satisfactory  examination  the  Postmaster- 
Goneral  is  to  emploj'  such  number  as  the  public  service  may  from  time  to 
time  require,  and  at  rates  of  compensation  to  be  tixed  by  a  board  con- 
sisting of  the  Secretary  of  State,  Secretary  of  War,  and  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral.    And  to  avoid  delays  in  the  construction  of  the  lines  contingently 
pro])osed  to  he  constructed,  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  oflfer, 
with  the  approval  of  the  President,  fair  prices  for  the  right  of  way  and 
other  real  estate  which  may  be  needed  for  the  establishment  of  the  lines 
and  for  such  machinery,  appliances,  devices,  and  materials  (not  including 
telegraph  lines),  whether  patented  or  not,  as  may  be  needed  for  the 
convenient  and  successful  operation  of  such  lines.    If  the  prices  of- 
fered are  not  accepted,  the  Secretary  of  War  may  still  take  the  prop- 
erty, leaving    to  the  owners  the  right  to   e^itablish   in  the  Court  of 
Claims,  subject  to  appeals  to  the  Supreme  Court,  what  the  true  value 
of  the  property  taken  is,  and  the  bill  makes  an  appropriation  in  ad- 
vance of  so  much  money  as  may  be  required  to  satisfy  the  final  judg- 
ments which  such  owuers  may  obtain  against  the  United  States. 

In  the  details  of  the  bill  the  committee  have  been  governed  by  the 
opinion  that  it  was  necessary,  expedient,  and  entirely  safe  to  leave  a 
c  msiderable  range  of  discretion  to  executive  officers,  but  no  discretion 
is  given  to  officers  below  the  grade  of  cabinet  ministers,  who  must  act 
uuiler  the  watehful  observation  of  the  country  an<l  under  a  constant 
sense  of  the  responsibility  which  attaches  to  the  high  places  which  they 
fill. 

The  committee  admits  fully  that  it  would  be  inequitable  and  contrary 
to  an  enlightened  public  policy  to  coerce  the  owners  of  ])rivate  lines  to 
sell  them  to  the  Government,  or  tivmake  contracts  for  the  transmission 
of  telegrams  over  their  lines,  at  inadequate  prices,  by  the  menace  that 
the  Government  would  otherwise  build  lines  of  its  own.  But  it  also 
believes  that  it  is  within  the  limit  of  the  most  scrupulous  consideration 
of  private  rights  and  interests,  as  well  as  demanded  by  business  pru- 
dence in  taking  care  of  the  public  interests,  to  accompany  the  otier  of 
such  fair  and  even  liberal  terms  as  this  bill  makes  to  private  telegraph 
companies,  with  an  eflTective  declaration  that  if  such  terms  are  not  ac- 
lupted  the  Government  will  provide  lines  of  its  own.  To  do  so  is  not 
making  use  of  the  ample  pecuniary  means  of  the  Government  to  op- 
press individuals,  but  to  protect  the  tax-payers  whose  contributions 
make  up  the  public  revenue  against  exorbitant  exactions. 

That  the  terms  otiered  to  the  company  with  which  the  Government 
may  contract  for  the  transmission  of  messages  are  liberal  will  be  shown 
by  a  careful  examination  of  the  cost  of  sending  messages,  even  taking 
as  a  basis  the  figures  furnished  by  the  Western  Union  Company. 

Making  no  allowance  for  profit  on  the  capital  employed,  the  cost  per 
telegram  on  the  business  of  the  Western  Union,  during  the  year  ending 
June  30, 1883,  was  23.325  cents,  as  given  in  an  itemized  statement  of 
the  president  of  that  company.  To  say  nothing  of  the  criticisms  which 
might  be  made  on  some  of  the  items  of  that  statement,  it  is  shown  in  a 
letter,  addressed  to  the  committee  by  Mr.  Gardner  G.  Hubbard,  that 
the  same  business  could  be  done  under  the  bill  reported  by  the  commit- 
tee, at  a  cost  of  18.912  cents,  or  in  round  numbers  19  cents  per  telegram. 
This  saving  is  efl'ected  in  various  items,  such  as  in  printing ;  in  the  charge 
for  the  cost  of  maintaining  consolidated  companies ;  in  rents,  inasmuch  as 


i 


12  POSTAL   TELIIGBAPII. 

in  most  places  tbe  ]»ost-office8  will  have  room  enough  for  the  telegraph 
office;  and  in  the  less  number  of  clerks  and  c^vshiers  required  in  the  hand- 
ling, bookkeeping  and  numbering  of  messages  under  the}>ostal  system, 
when  all  messages  are  to  be  prepaid  by  stami^s,  and  almost  the  only 
accounts  to  be  kept  will  be  those  of  the  number  of  messages  sentaud 
of  the  money  received  for  stamps. 

Estimating  the  average  cost  per  telegram  at  19  cents,  which  includes 
the  3  cents  allowed  to  the  Government  for  receiving  and  delivering,  and 
the  average  rate  under  the  bill  reported  by  the  committee  at  25  cents, 
the  profit  on  40,581,177  messages  (the  number  sent  in  1883),  will  be 
42,434,870,  which  is  an  ample  return  upon  the  capital  invested.    But 
the  number  of  the  telegrams  transmitted  by  the  Western  Union  has 
doubled  during  the  last  six  years,  and  the  experience  of  the  effect  both 
in  Europe  and  in  this  country,  of  a  reduction  of  rates,  justifies  the  pre- 
diction tiiat  under  the  stimulus  of  the  lower  rates  prescribed  by  the  bill, 
the  business  will  double  certainly  during  the  next  three  ye^irs,  and  not 
impi obably  during  the  next  two  years.    That  wouhi  double  the  pix)tit 
and  make  it  $4,869,750,  even  if  the  cost  pt^r  telegram  remained  the  sauie, 
whereas  it  is  certain  that  it  will  diminish  as  the  number  of  telegrams  be- 
comes larger.    Precisely  how  much  it  will  diminish  cannot  be  accurately 
stated,  but  the  committee  believes  that  a  diminution  of  2  cents  per  tele- 
gram may  be  safely  assumed.     This  would  increase  the  profits  on 
^1,102,354  telegrams  $1,G23,246,  and  make  the  total  profits  $0,492,996. 

In  addition  to  this  the  company  which  should  take  the  contract  would 
still  have  the  profits  to  be  derived  from  wires  leased,  from  all  the  private 
business  which  it  might  secure  at  higher  rates  under  special  giiaranty 
from  private  market  reports,  and  from  numerous  other  sources. 

In  proposing  in  the  bill,  as  the  committee  has  done,  that  the  contract 
for  the  transmission  of  telegrams  may  be  renewed  for  five  years,  on  the 
basis  of  a  uniform  rate  of  20  cents  for  day  telegrams  and  15  cents  for 
night  telegrams,  and  that  the  Government  charge  for  receiving  andde- 
livering  telegrams  should  then  be  reduced  from  three  cents  to  two  cents, 
the  committee  was  influenced  by  the  belief  that  the  cost  to  the  Gov- 
ernment of  receiving  and  delivering  telegrams  would  be  diminished 
one-third  by  the  expansion  of  their  number.  A  diminution  so  large  is 
not  to  be  expected  on  all  the  items  of  the  cost  of  transmitting  telegrams, 
but  there  is  hardly  one  of  the  items  in  which  there  will  not  be  some  dim- 
inution. From  a  full  consideration  of  the  case,  and  after  weighing  all 
the  testimony,  the  majority  of  the  committee  were  therefore  ot  the  opin- 
ion that  it  is  not  an  arbitrary  and  wrongful  memvce,  but  a  well  justi- 
fied precaution,  for  the  Government  to  declare  that  if  it  cannot  have  the 
messages  of  the  people  of  this  country  transmitted  at  fair  and  liberal 
rates,  it  will  build  or  acquire  lines  of  its  own.  And  the  committee  was 
«iianimously  of  the  opinion  that  it  was  proper  and  expedient  to  a<;com- 
pany  the  offer  of  an  option  to  any  contracting  company  to  renew  its 
contract  for  an  additional  term  of  five  years,  with  the  condition  that 
there  should  then  be  a  unifoim  rate  of  20  cents  for  day  telegrams  and 
15  cents  for  night  telegrams  as  being  no  gxyatcr  reduction  than  would 
be  just,  in  view  of  the  expected  increase  in  the  number  of  telegrams 
and  consequent  decrease  in  the  cost  per  telegram. 

The  committee  was  confirmed  in  its  view  as  to  the  rates  which  should 
be  fixed,  by  the  fact  that  a  responsible  company  came  before  it  and 
offered  to  make  a  contract  at  rates  fully  as  favorable  to  the  public  as 
those  contained  in  the  bill.  This  otter  will  be  found  among  the  papers 
accompanying  this  report. 

While  a  major' ly  of  the  committee  believe  that  the  public  interest 


POSTAL   TELEGRAPH.  13 

• 

would  be  promoted  by  the  adoption  in  substance  of  the  entire  bill,  the 
committee  is  unanimously  of  the  opinion  that  very  important  advautges 
may  be  secured  by  the  adoption  of  the  tirst  ten  sections,  if  it  appears 
that  the  last  thirteen  sections  do  not  commend  themselves  to  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Senate. 

Among  the  important  advantaj^es  obtained  by  the  proposed  plan  of 
contracting  for  the  transmission  of  telegrams,  the  four  following  are  con- 
spiiHious: 

First.  It  largely  reduces  the  average  charges  now  ptiid  by  the  public 
for  telegraphic  services. 

Under  the  bill  reported  by  the  committee,  the  average  will  not  exceed 
25  cents  per  telegram,  after  making  allowance  for  the  large  proportional 
increase  of  messages  which  will  be  sent  overhing  distances,  as  a  conse- 
(ineuce  of  the  large  reduction  which  the  bill  makes  in  that  class  of  mes- 
sages. 

The  report  of  the  Western  Union  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1S>3. 
shows  40,581,177  messages,  and  receipts  $19,454,902,  which  would  show 
an  average  charge  of  about  48  cents  per  telegram.  But  there  are  in- 
cluded in  the  above  $19,454,902  of  receipts,  some  branches  of  income  not 
derived  from  telegrams  transmitted  over  lines  in  this  country,  such  as 
revenue  frcua  Atlantic  and  Cuban  cables,  rental  of  lines  leased  to  pri- 
vate parties,  and  receipts  from  the  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Com- 
pany. In  a  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Ganlner  6.  Hubbard,  on  the  19th 
of  September  last,  the  president  of  the  Western  Union  says  that  these 
independent  sources  of  revenue  yield  "an  aggregate  of  $4,012,000  that 
is  not  derived  from  the  transmission  of  messages  over  Western  Union 
lin<\s  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.''  If  this  is  correct,  it  would  re- 
du(!e  the  amount  received  from  telegrams  from  $19,454,902  to  $15,442,902, 
which  would  be  38  cent«  per  telegram.  In  his  testimony  before  the  com- 
mittee, the  president  of  the  Western  Union  states  that  the  receipts  ex- 
clusively from  telegrams  during  th^  last  tiscal  year,  were  $16,200,000, 
which  would  make  the  average  charge  ])er  telegram  40  cents.  Mr. 
Hubbard,  as  the  result  of  his  own  calculations,  makes  it  38.9  cents. 
Taking  all  the  evidence  together,  it  must  be  very  near  the  fact  to  say 
that  the  reduction  nnule  by  the  bill  in  the  average  charge  per  telegram 
will  he  from  39  cents  to  25  cents  immediately,  and  to  20  cents  at  the  end 
of  live  years.  ' 

To  the  reduction  of  the  average  charge  per  telegram  from  39  to  25 
cents,  is  to  be  added  the  other  quite  as  important  consideration,  that 
under  the  bill  the  average  amount  of  service  performed,  per  telegram, 
will  be  much  greater  than  it  is  at  present.  The  great  reductions  of  rates 
which  the  bill  makes  are  on  telegrams  sent  over  long  distances  and  on 
t'lose  seni  to  places  where  the  telegraphic  business  is  small,  and  as  a 
consequence,  the  proportion  of  both  those  classes  of  telegrams  will  be 
vastly  increased.  If,  with  its  present  rates,  the  Western  Union  was 
transmitting  the  same  proportion  of  telegrams  for  long  distances  and 
to  out-of-the-way  localities,  as  will  be  transmitted  should  the  service  be 
performed  under  the  terms  of  this  bill,  its  average  rate  per  telegram, 
instead  of  being  39  cents,  would  be  much  higher,  and  not  improbably 
twice  39  cents.  Taking  the  two  things  together,  the  diminished  aver- 
age charge  per  telegram  and  the  increased  service  per  telegram,  the 
gain  secured  to  the  public  by  the  bill  takes  on  great  proportions. 

Second.  The  plan  inaugurated  by  the  tirst  ten  sections  of  the  bill 
secures,  during  the  first  five  years,  an  absolute  uniformity  of  the  charge 
for  da'^  telegrams,  within  all  distances  not  exceeding  1,000  miles,  and 


14  POSTAL   TELEGRAPH. 

for  iii^ht  teleg^rains  within  all  distances  not  exceeding  2,000  miles.  The 
variations  from  this  uniformity,  in  respect  to  greater;  distances,  are  not 
large,  and  they  are  also  much  less  than  the  variations  in  the  charges 
now  imposed  by  the  telegraph  companies.  If  contracts  are  made  with 
those  companies,  they  will  be,  at  their  option,  renewable  for  an  addi- 
tional five  years,  but  only  upon  the  condition  that  the  charges  shall  be 
absolutely  the  same  for  any  number  of  miles,  so  that  telegrams  will  then 
be,  in  that  particular,  upon  the  same  footing  as  letters. 

Public  considerations  have  induced  the  Government  in  fixing  the  rates    •  \ 
of  letter  postiige,  to  overlook  distance  and  also  comparative  sjiarseness 
or  density  of  populatitm,  and  the  gre^iter  or  less  numl)er  of  postal  com- 
munications between  different  plm^es,  notwithstanding  that  each  one  of 
these  circumstances  affects  the  actual  cost  of  sending  letters,  and  that 
the  two  last  named  circumstances  affect  it  very  sensibly.     It  is  certainly 
true  that  the  postal  intercourse  in  the  densely  populated  part«  is  some- 
what overtaxed,  in  order  to  admit  of  some  degree  of  undertaxing  of 
the  same  intercourse  with  and  between  the  sparsely  populated  parts 
of  the  country.     Everybody  knows  that  this  is  so,  and  everybody  is 
satisfied  that  it  should  be  so.    A  plan  of  so  arranging  letter  postage  as 
to  favor  the  rural  districts,  to  favor  the  less  weal  thy  regions,  and  espe- 
cially to  favor  the  newer  parts  of  our  growing  country,  is  heartily  sup- 
ported by  those  whom  it  does  not  lavor,  because  all  believe  that  it  is 
for  the  common  advantage.    Among  the  circumstances  which  reconcile 
the  old  States  on  the  Atlantic  to  the  migrations  of  their  sons  and  daugh- 
ters is  the  knowledge  that  however  far  they  may  go  within  the  national 
jurisdiction,  if  even  to  the  far  distant  Pacific  Ocean,  family  and  social 
intercourse  with  them  by  letter  can  be  maintained  at  the  same  cost  as 
if  they  had  migrated  no  farther  than  to  the  next  township.     The  bene- 
fit is  common  and  equal  to  those  who  go  and  to  those  who  remain  ;  and 
now  that  the  country  has  had  an  experience  of  it,  nobody  will  make  or 
support  a  ])roposition  to  return  to  the  old  plan  of  graduating  letter  post- 
age according  to  distance. 

The  principle  of  making  letter  postage  uniform,  without  regard  to  dis- 
tance, was  only  adopted  within  recent  years — 18G3  ;  but  from  the  foun- 
datiop  of  the  Government,  it  has  been  uniform  in  the  particular  of  dis- 
regarding the  difference  of  expense  of  sending  and  delivering  letters 
between  places  having  k  large  and  those  having  a  small  postal  business. 
That  difference  is  much  greater  than  the  difference  of  expense  between 
the  carriage  of  letters  over  long  and  over  short  distances.  If  the  postal 
business,  as  respects  letters,  had  been  left  to  private  companies,  they 
would  always  have  charged  higher  rates  to  places  which  received  few 
letters,  tor  the  reason  that  the  cost  both  for  carriage  and  delivery  in- 
creases in  proportion  as  the  number  diminishes.  We  know  that  to- 
day the  telegraph  companies  graduate  their  charges,  in  most  cases, 
upon  that  principle,  and  considered  as  private  companies,  doing  their 
business  solely  with  a  view  to  profit,  they  are  justified  in  doing  so. 
Their  charges  for  telegrams  are,  relatively,  very  high  to  and  from 
places  in  which  business  of  that  kind  is  small,  while  on  the  other  hand, 
there  are  cases  in  which  some  companies  actually  charge  less  for  tele- 
grams between  great  cities  than  the  lowest  rate  limited  in  this  bill. 


POSTAL   TELEGRAPH. 


15 


The  following  table  exhibits  the  telegraph  rates  from  Washington  to 
the  resilience  of  each  of  the  members  of  the  Senate  and  the  House 
Committees  on  Po8t  OflBcea  and  Post-Roads  under  the  Western  Union 
and  the  proposed  postal  telegraph  systems : 

April.  1884. 


Place  of  residence. 


•  WeBtem  Union. 


8KXATE  COHMITTBR. 


Washington  to^ 
I>i*nver.  Colo — 
Fairfield,  luwa. 
Paris.  Tex 
Jackson.  Tenn  . 
Elkton,  Md  ... 
I>etroit  Mich  .. 
Osbkush,  Wis  . 
Pet<»r8burir,  Va 
Dover,  Del 


10  toords,  ex- 

clunve  of 

\  date,addreis, 

and  tigna- 

ture. 

$1  00 
75 


Average  for  residences  of  Senate  Committee . 


H0U6B  COMMITTER. 


Winona,  Miss 

Fort  Smith.  Ark 

Henderson,  Tex 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Sparta.  Oa  

Bttonville,  Mo     

WincheHter.  Ill 

Lexinf[:t4tn,  Tenn 

PhiladelDbia,  Pa 

Akron,  Ohio 

Watertown,  NY 

Blue  Earth  Cit}-,  Minn 

Manchester.  Ky 

Gallipolis,  Ohio 

Lafayette,  ind  

Utah  


Average  for  residences  of  House  Committee . 


00 
OU 
25 
50 
75 
25 
25 


10  toords,  ex- 

eltuive  of 

date. address, 

and  aigna- 

ture. 

$0  75 
50 
75 
75 
20 
35 
50 
25 
20 


64 


47 


Postal  telegraph  as  pro- 
posed in  tlie  bill. 


20  words,  in- 
cluding 
address  and 
signature. 

10  40 
25 
30 
20 
20 
20 
20 
•JO 
20 


SO  words,  in- 
cluding 
address  and 
signature. 

$0  15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 


24 


15 


$0  75 

$0  50 

$0  20  { 

$0  15 

75 

50 

25 

l."* 

1  00 

66 

30  ; 

15 

.•iO 

35 

20 

16 

60 

40 

20 

15 

75 

50 

25  , 

15 

60 

40 

20 

15 

50  j 

35 

20 

15 

15  ' 

15 

20 

15 

» 

5t) 

35 

•20 

15 

35 

25 

•20 

15 

1  00 

66 

20 

15 

50 

35 

20 

15 

50  I 

35 

20  , 

15 

50 

35 

20 

15 

1  00  1 

1 

66 

50  ! 

25 

62 


42 


23 


16 


All  the  public  reasons  which  justify  and  require  and  have  secured 
the  adoption  of  a  uniform  rate  of  letter  postage,  without  regard  either 
to  distances  or  to  the  varying  amount  of  postal  business  between  dif- 
ferent places,  apply  with  full  and  undiminished  force  to  telegrams. 
We  may  be  sure  that  the  country  will  regard  it  as  a  great  merit  in  the 
pending  bill  that  it  secures,  at  the  end  of  live  yeare,  uniform  charges 
for  telegrams,  wherever  sent,  and,  in  the  mean  time,  keeps  the  varia- 
tions from  uniformity  within  narrow  limits. 

The  evidence  submitted  to  the  committee  shows  the  effect  of  the  high 
and  unequal  telegraphic  charges  in  this  country  in  reducing  the  pro- 
portion of  family  and  social  telegrams  to  a  mere  nominal  figure  in  com- 
parison with  the  proportion  of  such  telegrams  in  Europe,  where  the 
rates  are  lower  and  more  uniform.  Of  the  proportion  of  telegraphic 
messages  sent  by  the  Western  Union  relating  to  family  and  social  mat- 
ters, the  president  of  that  company  stated  to  the  committee  (January 
31)  that  ^'he  did  not  think  it  was  more  than  5  or  6  per  cent,  of  the  whole^^^ 
and  he  added  that  "  about  80  per  cent  of  our  business  is  strictly  commer- 
cialj  and  does  not  care  so  much  about  rates  as  it  dots  about  quick  icork.^^ 


16  POSTAL   TELEGRAPH. 

He  also  stated  in  his  testimony  that  not  more  than  500,000  persons, 
or  less  than  1  per  cent,  of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  ever  use  the 
telegraph.  About  12  per  cent,  of  the  messa*;es  sent  by  that  company 
consist  of  press  dispatAihes.  In  contrast  with  this  condition  of  the  busi- 
ness of  the  Western  Union,  the  classification  of  the  telefframs  sentiu 
Belgium  in  1880  shows  that  the  private  dispatches  upon  family  and  so- 
cial matters  amounted*  to  55.10  per  cent,  of  the  whole,  and  in  Switzer- 
land to  61  ])er  cent.  In  1881  the  proportions  were  substantially  the 
same. 

With  low  and  uniform  rates,  we  shall  hear  no  more  of  the  use  of  the 
telegraph  being  enjoyed  by  only  1  per  cent,  of  our  population.    The  pro- 
portion of  family  and  social  telegrams,  insteiul  of  being  5  or  0  per  cent. 
of  the  whole,  as  it  is  now,  will  exceed  the  55  per  cent,  shown  in  Bel- 
gium, and  the  61  per  cent,  in  Switzerland,  inasmuch  as  neither  there, 
nor  in  any  country  in  the  world,  is  the  number  relatively  so  great  as  it 
is  in  this  country  of  persons  who  have  something  to  spend  beyond 
obtaining  the  bare  necessities  of  life.     And  moreover  there  is  no  country 
in  which  families  are  separated  by  such  long  distances.     By  what  gauge 
or  standard  shall  we  undertake  to  measure  the  benefit  of  che^ip  teleg- 
raphy in  kee[)ing  alive  and  warm  the  relations  of  blood  and  friend- 
ship, and  in  relieving  the  anxieties  of  families,  by  bringing  within  the 
reach  of  the  many  that  prompt  intelligence  as  to  the  health  and  move- 
ments of  their  fi|.r-removed  members  which  is  now  the  luxurv  of  the 
few? 

Third.  The  plan  provided  in  this  bill  secures  from  the  commencement 
of  its  operation  a  uniformity  of  charge^,  irrespective  of  distance  and  also 
irrespective  of  the  amount  of  busiuess  in  different  places,  for  telegrams  to 
newsi)apers  and  to  commercial  news  associations;  that  is  to  say, for  all 
telegrams  which  convey  the  current  news  for  publication  by  the  press 
and  intelligence  to  the  public  of  the  daily  and  hourly  changes  in  the 
foreign  and  domestic  markets.    This  uniformity  does  not  now  exist,  and 
never  will  exist  under  the  exclusive  control  by  private  companies  of  the 
business  of  telegraphing.    It  is  a  weighty  recommendation  of  this  bill 
that  it  secures  it.    The  procurement  of  the  intelligence  wiiich  the  news- 
papers ought  to  give  and  do  give  to  the  country  will  thus  be  made  as 
cheap  in  one  place  as  in  another,  saving  only  the  unavoidable  inequal- 
ity which  arisen  from  the  fact  that  the  number  of  newspapers  which  may 
combine  to  purchase  the  intelligence  is  greater  in  scmie  places  than  in 
others.    So,  too,  telegraphic  advices  to  commercial  news  associations  of 
the  courseof  the  markets,  so  important  to  be  known  by  ail  classes,  by  pro- 
ducer s,  by  manufacturers,  merchants,  bankers,  a  ml  in  deed  every  b  -dy  who 
is  obliged  to  sell  or  to  buy  anything,  will  be  subject  to  the  same  charges 
in  all  places,  near  and  remote  and  great  or  small,  provided  only  that 
they  are  large  enough  to  maintain  such  an  association.     In  these  ways 
telegraphic  communication  of  intelligence 4)f  a  public  nature  and  for  the 
general  information  of  the  people  will  be  made  equally  facile  au<l  of 
equal  cost  in  every  part  of  this  broad  country  from  ocean  to  ocean. 
That  it  will  be  matle  so  will  be  one  of  the  beneficial  resnlts  of  making 
telegraphy  a  matter  of  ])ublic  administration,  looking  to  public  ob- 
jects and  controlle<l  by  public  considerations,  instead  of  leaving  it  ex- 
cluvsively  in  the  hands  of  private  companies  which  are  necessarily  gov- 
erned solely  by  their  own  interests. 

Fourth.  The  bill,  while  it  may  not  wholly  remove,  does  t  >  an  impor- 
tant degree  lessen  the  danger  that  the  purveying  and  preparation  of 
the  intelligence  sent  to  newspapers  and  to  commercial  news  assooia- 
tions  will  be  subjected  to  a  concealed  censorship,  whereby  it  may  be 


POSTAL   TELEGRAPH.  17 

colored  and  distorted  so  as  to  subserve  political  purposes,  to  mislead 
pnblic  opinion  as  to  the  merits  or  demerits  of  men  and  measures,  to 
pervert  legislation,  and  to  favor  schemes  of  private  gain. 

Under  the  present  telegraphic  system  the  possibility  of  such  a  species 
of  censorship,  which  is  one  of  the  most  alarming  dangers  which  menace 
.the  country,  arises  in  two  distinct  ways,  each  of  which  requires  a  sep- 
arate consideration.  The  first  is  the  power  which  the  telegraph  com- 
panies themselves  have  of  manipulating  news  for  sinister  purposes,  and 
the  second  is  the  same  power  possessed  by  the  Associated  Press  and 
other  similar  associations,  not  themselves  owning  t^elegraph  lines,  but 
making  special  compacts  for  the  transmission  of  telegrams  over  lines 
owned  and  managed  by  others.  It  will  appear  that  the  power  of  the 
telegraph  company  in  this  respect  will  be  entirely  taken  away  by  the 
pending  bill,  and  that  the  power  of  the  Associated  Press  and  similar 
associations  will  be  greatly  reduced. 

The  president  of  the  Western  Union  furnished  to  the  committee  cop- 
ies of  two  contracts  of  that  company,  one  an  old  contract  dated  January 
11, 1867,  with  the  Western  Associated  Press,  and  the  other  a  later  con- 
tract dated  December  22,  1882,  with  both  the  New  York  Associated 
Press  and  the  Western  Associated  Press.  It  is  the  general  eflfect,  sum- 
marily stated,  of  these  contract's  to  divide  the  furnishing  of  news  into 
two  divisions.  The  one  set  apart  to  the  Press  Association  is  described 
as  follows : 

The  basiness  of  ooUectiug  and  seUiii^  to  newspapers,  for  pablicatioQ,  commercial 
news,  and  other  reports  of  a  general  character. 

The  other,  set  apart  for  the  Western  Union,  is  described  as  follows : 

The  business  of  reporting,  supplying,  and  seUing  financial  and  commercial  news^ 
market  and  other  reports,  and  quotations  of  a  miscellaneous  character,  to  individuals^ 
clubs,  boards  of  trade,  exchanges,  and  other  organizations,  for  their  own  use  and  the 
use  of  their  members,  but  not  for  newspaper  publication. 

These  contracts  entitle  the  Western  Union  to  buy  news  collected  by 
press  associations,  but  to  be  used,  not  for  publication,  but  only  for  such 
sales  of  news  as  the  Western  Union  has  the  right,  under  the  arrange- 
ment, to  make.  And,  on  the  other  hand,  the  contracts  entitle  the  As- 
sociated Press  to  buy  news  collected  by  the  Western  Union,  to  be  used^ 
not  for  resale,  but  only  for  publication  in  the  newspapers. 

The  subsisting  contract,  which  is  that  of  December  22,  1882,  is  for 
ten  years,  unless  it  is  sooner  terminated  by  either  party,  by  giving  six 
months'  notice. 

The  situation  gives  to  the  Western  Union  a  practical  monopoly  cdn- 
trol  of  commercial  and  financial  news.  It  collects  daily  and  hourly  the 
market  and  commercial  news  to  be  distributed  in  every  town  in  this 
country,  and  with  the  power  of  changing  the  complexion  of  it,  whether 
it  exercises  that  power  or  not.  It  admits  no  partnership  in  the  business 
of  furnishing  commercial  and  financial  news  to  individuals  or  associa- 
tions of  individuals.  It  is  true  that  the  Press  Associations  may  supply 
that  class  of  news  to  the  press,  but  they  receive  a  good  deal  of  it  from 
the  Western  Union,  and,  of  course,  only  after  such  censorship  as  that 
company  may  see  fit  to  exercise  over  it. 

The  relations  between  the  Western  Union  and  the  Associated  Press 
restrain  them  from  interfering  with  each  other's  interests  and  purposes, 
and  make  them  practically,  as  against  the  general  public,  a  single  cor- 
poration. This  is  particularly  the  case  so  far  as  it  relates  to  the  market 
news.     Having  nothing  to  fear  from  the  competition  of  the  Associated 

S.  Eep.  577 2 


18  POSTAL  TELEGRAPH. 

Press  in  selling  fiaancial  and  commercial  news,  the  Western  Uuion  can 
pat  down  individual  competition  in  innumerable  ways.  As  an  illus- 
tration, take  the  following  case  from  the  testimony  of  Gardiner  G.  Hub- 
bard: 

A  few  yean  ago  a  man  in  Cincinnati  had  a  little  news  barean.  His  correapoodent 
in  New  York  collected  4he  news  of  the  market  every  morning,  forwarded  it  through 
the  Wetttem  Union  office,  and  it  was  sent  over  the  through  line.  The  Western 
Union  afterward  monopolized  that  business,  as  they  monopolize  everything  they  can 
put  their  hands  on.  Asked  him  to  sell  out.  He  said,  ''No,  I  am  making  a  very  good 
thing  of  this  business,  and  I  prefer  to  keep  it.^  The  Western  Union  stopped  sending 
his  messages  on  the  through  line,  and  transmitted  them  on  a  way  line.  There  was 
no  priority  for  their  messages.  Oh,  no ;  they  only  sent  them  on  the  through  Hoe. 
Those  that  went  by  the  way  Hue  were  longer  in  getting  through,  and  when  received 
the  customers  of  the  Western  Union  had  received  the  prices  and  acted  on  them.  No 
priority,  only  the  man  was  ruined.  He  was  obliged  to  give  up  his  business  to  the 
Western  Union,  and  thej^  now  monopolize  it. 

For  the  purpose  of  giving  fabulous  fortunes  to  its  inside  managers  and 
their  friends,  the  Western  D  nion  need  not  send  untrue  market  q  notations. 
It  has  only  to  give  the  true  quotations  a  single  hour,  or  less  than  that,  in 
a<lvance  to  those-  whom  it  means  to  favor,  and  the  work  is  effectually 
accomplished. 

No  such  power  should  be  allowed  to  exist  in  this  country,  even  if  no 
past  abuses  of  it  can  be  stiown  to  have  occurred,  or  even  if  it  be  be- 
lieved that,  in  tact,  it  has  not  been  abused.  The  temptation  to  abuse 
it  is  enormous,  and  will  sooner  or  later  prove  to  .be  irresistible.  The 
bill  will  effectually  take  the  power  away  from  the  Western  Union,  or 
any  other  private  telegraph  company,  by  the  low  rates  and  equality 
which  it  secures  to  everybody,  and  by  the  still  lower  rates  which  it  se- 
cures to  commercial  news  associations.  Competition  in  furnishing  com- 
mercial and  financial  news  to  all  points  and  places  is  not  to  be  expected 
under  this  bill,  but  it  will  be  sufficient  if  it  insures,  as  it  is  certain  to 
do,  competition  in  furnishing  such  news  to  the  more  important  places, 
whereby  the  field  for  profitably  tampering  with  public  intelligence  will 
be  so  narrowed  that  the  temptation  will  no  longer  constitute  a  sensible 
danger. 

In  respect  to  the  Associated  Press,  William  Henry  Smith,  the  gen- 
eral manager,  described  the  working  of  it  in  his  testimony  (March  7) 
before  the  committee. 

The  Eastern  news  is  collected  by  its  local  agents  at  various  points 
and  sent  to  a  central  officer  in  the  city  of  New  York,  by  whom,  after  be- 
ing subjected  to  a  process  which  is  described  as  ^'  editing,"  it  is  sent  out 
to  the  newspapers  which  belong  to  the  association.  This  "editing" 
cohsists  of  selecting  such  parts  as  the  central  officer  thinks  proper  to 
send  out,  and  in  modifying  the  language,  and  in  making  the  selection, 
he  sends  more  matter  to  some  sections  and  places  than  to  others.  All 
the  Eastern  news  goes  first  to  the  central  office  in  New  York,  except 
that  portion  of  it  which  is  sent  directly  from  this  city  of  Washington  to 
the  West  and  South,  and  to  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia;  and  there  is  a 
central  officer  here  who  determines  absolutely  what  shall  be  sent  and 
what  shall  not  be  sent.  It  may  be  assumed,  and  is  doubtless  true,  that 
the  persons  selected  to  do  this  species  of  editing  will  be  those  best  fitted 
to  do  it  skillfully  and  judiciously,  but  it  must  also  be  assumed  that  they 
will  be  in  almost  all  cases  persons  who  can  be  influeiiceil,  and  especially 
by  those  to  whom  they  are  indebted  for  their  appointment  and  for  con- 
tinued retention  in  their  places,  to  edit  the  news  so  as  to  give  it  a  par- 
ticular coloring  and  to  serve  particular  purposes.    Of  the  nature  and 


POSTAL   TELEGRAPH.  19 

danger  of  each  a  i)ower,  the  following  description  was  given  in  the  tes- 
timony of  Gardiner  G.  Hubbard : 

The  man  who  rales  the  Associated  Press  has  an  instrament  for  shaping  the  opinions 
of  the  millions  which,  by  the  coustancy,  nniversality,  and  rapidity  of  its  action, 
defies  competition.  The  events  which  take  place  in  all  business,  political,  and  relig- 
ious centers,  together  with  the  actious  of  pnolic  men  and  tlieir  imputed  motives,  are 
all  presented  simultaneously  to  the  public,  from  ocean  to  ocean,  through  this  instru- 
mentality. The  agents  who  collect  the  news  respond  to  the  centi*al  authority  at  New 
York,  and  are  subject  to  removal  at  its  pleasure.  Here  is  a  power  f^eaXev  than  any 
«ver  wielded  by  the  French  Directory,  because,  in  an  era  when  public  opinion  is  om- 
nipotent, it  can  give,  i^thhold,  or  celor  the  information  which  shapes  that  opinion. 
It  may  impart  an  irresistible  power  to  the  caprice  of  an  individual,  and  the  reputa- 
tion of  the  ablest  and  purest  public  man  may  be  fatally  tainted  in  every  town  and 
village  on  the  continent  by  a  midnight  dispatch.  It  is  incompatible  with  public, 
safety  that  such  an  exclusive  power  to  speak  to  the  whole  public  in  the  same  mo- 
ment, upon  every  subject,  and  thus  to  create  public  opinion,  should  be  under  the 
absolute  control  of  a  corporation. 

The  general  manager,  William  Henry  Smith,  seemed  to  claim  that  the 
fact  that  no  opposition  news  association  was  formed  for  twenty -five 
years  to  compete  with  the  Associated  Press,  is  proof  that  its  manage- 
ment had  been  unobjectionable.  On  the  contrary,  it  may  appear  to 
others  to  be  one  of  the  proofs  that  the  Associated  Press  is  so  strongly 
intrenched  in  the  intimacy  of  its  relations  with  the  Western  Union,  that 
competition  with  it  has  been  made  well  nigh  imiK)Ssible. 

It  may  be  said  that  if  under  the  operation  of  this  bill  several  asso- 
ciations shall  be  formed  to  collect  and  distribute  news,  they  will  neces- 
sarily have  their  news  concentrated  at  central  points  before  it  is  distrib- 
uted, and  that  the  same  danger  of  a  censorship  at  snch  central  points 
will  exist  as  now  exist  in  the  case  of  the  Associated  Press.  But  the 
temptation  to  exercise  a  censorship  will  be  taken  away,  because  there 
will  be  little  or  no  advantage  to  anybody  in  manipulating  the  news  sent 
out  by  one  association,  when  other  and  independent  associations  are  at 
the  same  time  sending  out  the  news  iinmanipulated.  It  is  only  the  fact 
of  a  monopolized  news  distribution  which  makes  a  news  censorship  pos- 
sible. This  bill  is  for  the  press  a  proclamation  of  emancipation,  and  it 
will  not  be  really  a  free  press  until  it,  or  something  like  it,  is  enacted  into  a 
law.  To-day  no  new  paper  can  be  placed  on  the  list  of  recipients  of  As-* 
sociated  Press  dispatches  without  the  consent  of  all  the  papers  in  the 
same  town  already  on  the  list,  and  all  papers  receiving  the  news  by  con- 
tract with  the  association  are  liable  to  be  stricken  from  the  list  at  the 
pleasure  of  the  central  management.  The  telegraphic  news  is  the  breath 
of  life  of  the  daily  press,  and  to  receive  such  news  practically  at  the 
will  of  one  company  is  an  intolerable  condition,  degrading  to  the  news- 
papers and  alarming  to  the  country.  This  bill  will  put  an  end  to  it  by 
the  impartial  and  low  rates  which  it  fixes  for  telegraphing,  and  by  the 
competition  in  the  furnishing  of  news  which  it  renders  possible  and  en- 
courages. And  to  whatever  extent  it  may  be  shown  by  experience  not 
to  reach  and  remedy  the  whole  of  the  present  evils,  Congress  will  always 
have  the  power  to  supply  what  is  proved  to  be  lacking  by  amendatory 
legislation. 

Sanimarizing  what  has  thus  far  been  said,  it  has  been  shown  that  the 
bill  secures  the  advantages  of  cheapening  very  largely  the  charges  for 
telegraphing;  of  making  those  charges  and  the  charges  for  the  trans- 
mission of  public  intelligence  for  the  press  and  for  commercial  news 
associations  uniform ;  and  of  removing  or  greatly  diminishing  the  dan- 
ger that  the  selection  of  the  public  intelligence  to  be  telegraphed  will 
be  controlled  by  large  and  centralized  corporations,  by  whose  managers 
it  may  be  colored  for  political,  personal,  and  selfish  objects.    The  ad- 


20  POSTAL  TELEGRAPH. 

vantages  thus  enumerated  are  each  of  them  of  the  first  importance,  and 
they  constitute  together  a  weighty  aggregation  of  reasons  for  the  enact- 
ment into  law  of  at  least  the  first  ten  sections  of  the  bilL  While  no 
reason  of  a  public  nature  for  opposing  the  adoption  of  these  ten  sections 
suggested  itself  to  any  member  of  the  Post-OflBce  Committee,  they  are 
and  will  be  resisted  by  telegraph  companies  which  are  now  profiting  by 
higher  rates  for  telegraphic  business  than  the  bill  provides.  Such  com- 
paniesmust  either  ofi'er  to  become  contractors  under  the  lower  rates  of  the 
bill,  or  take  the  risk  that  other  companies,  now  existing  or  hereafter  to 
be  formed,  will  be<tome  such  contractofs.  If  the  thirteen  concluding 
sections  of  the  bill  shall  recommend  themselves  to  the  approval  of  Con- 
gress, and  if  no  company  will  contract  to  convey  messages  of  the  pub- 
lic delivered  to  it  by  the  Government  at  the  rates  limited  in  this  bill, 
the  existing  companies  will  be  subjected  to  the  competition  of  lines  con- 
structed or  acquired  by  the  Government. 

It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  any  company,  which  is  now  reaping  a 
monopoly  harvest  from  the  present  situation  of  things,  will  favor  the 
pending  bill,  or  will  fail  to  exert  itself  to  defeat  it.  Men  easily  per- 
suade themselves  that  they  have  an  equitable  right  to  the  perpetual 
enjoyment  of  the  advantages  which  they  i)ossess,  and  that  every  depri- 
vation or  impairment  of  such  advantages  is  an  act  of  injustice.  It  is  the 
duty  of  legislators  to  weigh  in  a  just  balance  the  interests  of  the  public 
and  the  interests  of  private  companies  and  individuals. 

The  Committee  on  Post-Ofiices  and  Post-Boads  has  endeavored  to 
discharge  that  duty  with  care  and  fairness,  and  it  has  arrived  unani- 
mously at  the  conclusion  that  the  time  has  come  for  reducing  the  pres- 
ent rates  of  telegraphing  and  making  them  uniform,  and  that  to  the 
extent  of  the  plan  contained  in  the  first  ten  sections  of  the  bill,  this  may 
be  done  without  injustice  to  existing  companies,  and  especially  without 
injustice  to  the  principal  existing  company,  which  is  known  to  have 
enjoyed,  over  a  long  period  of  time,  an  income  enormously  disprox>or- 
tioned  to  any  investment  of  capital  which  it  has  made. 


48th  Congress,  \  SENATE.  (  Bepobt  577, 

Ist  Session.       )  I      Part  2. 


TESTIMONY,  STATEMENTS,  ETC., 


TAKXN  BT  THB 


COMMITTEE  ON  POST-OFFICES  AND  POST-ROADS, 


TJNITED  STA.TE8  SENATE, 


IN  BMrxBJOf  cm  TO 


POSTAL  TELEGRAPH. 


WASHIKGTOK: 

QOTBBirXBNT  PBINTINO  OVVZO: 

1884. 


REMARKS 

or 
HON.  QEORQE  F.  EDMUNDS. 


United  States  Senate  Gommittee 
ON  Post-Opfioes  and  Post-Boads, 

January  17, 1884. 

The  Gommittee  having  under  consideration  the  bills — 

S.  No.  17  (by  Mr.  Edmands).  To  provide  fo^  the  establishment  of  a 
postal  tele^aphic  system ; 

S.  227  (by  Mr.  Hill).  To  establish  a  system  of  postal  telegraphs  in  the 
United  States; 

S.  1016  (by  Mr.  Dawes).  To  provide  for  the  transmission  of  corre- 
spondence by  telegraph;    . 

And  other  petitions,  memorials,  and  resolations  on  the  subject  of 
postal  telegraph. 

Hon.  Oeobge  F.  Edmunds,  United  States  Senator  fh)m  the  State  of 
Vermont,  appeared  before  the  Committee  by  reqaest  and  made  the  fol- 
lowing statement: 

I  shall  only  occupy  a  very  few  minutes  of  your  time,  and  probably  it 
is  quite  unnecessary,  but  I  feel  so  much  interest  in  this  general  question 
that  I  do  not  wish  to  leave  anything  that  I  can  say  or  do  on  the  subject 
unsaid  or  undone.  The  study  that  I  have  given  to  the  matter  for  one 
or  two  years  has  led  me  to  two  or  three  general  conclusions,  and  those 
only  I  shall  state  to  you,  and  not  go  into  any  matters  of  detail  or  esti- 
mate. 

The  first  is,  I  am  perfectly  satisfied  that  Congress  has  the  constitu- 
tional power  to  do  what  is  proposed,  and  in  any  of  the  forms  that  are 
proposed  under  several  constitutional  heads— commerce,  war,  post- 
ofSce,  and  I  might  add  finance— on  the  same  principle  that  the  Supreme 
Court  held  that  the  old  national-bank  law  was  constitutional,  although 
all  that  the  Constitution  said  was  that  Congress  might  borrow  money, 
might  have  a  Treasury  Department,  and  might  levy  taxes,  and  there- 
fore presumably  Congress  must  have  the  power  to  provide  tne  means  to 
carry  on  the  fiscal  operations  of  the  Government.  If  a  bank  was 
thought  by  Congress  to  be  wise  for  that  purpose,  it  was  constitutionaL 

3 


4  REMARKS   OF   HON.    GEORGE   F.   ED3fT\\DS. 

So  that  I  think  the  constitutional  question  is  beyond  the  range  of  &ir 
dispute,  and  I  do  not  wish  to  take  any  of  your  time  upon  tliat  point. 

The  next  question  is  one  of  public  policy :  Is  it  expedient  for  the  inter- 
ests of  the  people  f  On  that  point  I  only  have  to  say  that  this  Govern- 
ment— ^national  and  State  combined — was,  as  the  Constitution  says,  insti- 
tuted to  promote  the  general  welfare ;  and  the  specific  objects  that  are 
named  in  the  Constitution,  and  the  particular  one  of  promoting  its 
general  welfare,  point  out  clearly  that  Congress,  within  the  scope  of 
the  powers  that  are  given  to  it,  may  do  whatever  appears  to  be  for  the 
general  welfare.  Among  that  class  of  objects  is  the  dissemination  of 
intelligence,  the  freest  and  most  convenient  means  of  intercommunica- 
tion between  citizens  of  the  Republic  and  of  every  part  of  it.  It  was 
on  that  principle  that  the  Post-Office  Department  was  provided  to  be 
established.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power, 
rather  than  the  several  States,  to  regulate  commerce  among  the  several 
States.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power  to  coin 
money  and  regulate  the  value  thereof.  I  need  not  go  on  enumerating 
things  we  all  understand  so  well.  Whatever  is  within  the  scope  of  the 
objects  that  were  given  to  the  control  of  Congress,  either  independently 
of  the  States  or  concurrently  with  them,  all  look,  of  course,  to  its  gen- 
eral welfare,  which  the  preamble  of  the  Constitution  refers  to — ^promot- 
ing the  happiness,  the  prosperity,  and  the  intelligence  of  the  people. 

I,  of  course,  need  not  spend  a  moment  of  time  to  convince  you  that 
the  telegraph  in  this  age  of  the  world  is  perhaps  more  essential  to  the 
safety  of  the  country  in  time  of  war  or  in  time  of  peace,  so  far  as  it 
respects  its  military  establishment;  to  the  welfare  of  the  country,  as  it 
respects  Congress;  to  its  happiness,  as  it  respects  instantaneous  inter- 
communication between  citizens,  relatives,  and  friends  in  distant  parts 
of  the  country  on  subjects  of  domestic  solicitude,  like  sickness  and 
death,  and  every  species  of  family  intelligence.  All  that  is  too  clear  to 
be  more  thar  stated.  So  that  the  policy  of  providing  within  the  Con- 
stitution and  according  to  it  for  this  means  of  communication  would 
seem  to  me  to  be  perfectly  established. 

The  people  who  are  engaged  in  telegraphic  operations,  just  as  the 
people  who  have  bc^n  engaged  in  express  and  transportation  opera- 
tions, feel  a  natural  solicitude,  of  course,  that  their  business  should  not 
be  competed  with  by  the  exertion  of  any  function  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States.  They  argue  to  me  that  it  is  unjust  to  them  that  Con 
gress  should  enter  the  field  of  what  they  call  competition  with  private 
business.  But  if  I  am  right  in  what  I  have  said  respecting  the  inherent 
constitutional  power  of  Congress,  and  the  inherent  public  policy  of  doing 
this  thing  for  the  reasons  that  I  have  stated,  then  the  argument  of  these 
gentlemen  engaged  in  that  sort  of  business  falls  to  the  ground,  because 
they  have  known  the  Constitution  of  the  Grovemment  and  the  public 
objects  that  it  was  bound  to  promote  all  the  time,  and  that  whenever 
Congress  saw  fit  to  enlarge  the  postal  establishment  in  order  to  facili- 
tate its  war  and  commercial  and  financial  operations,  to  exert  the  powers 
that  belong  to  it  by  the  Constitution,  it  must  necessarily  do  so  without 
regard  to  the  extent  to  which  it  would  aflfect  private  interests  in  doing 
the  same  things  that  Congress  finally  thinks  it  best  to  do  itself,  and 
for  the  advantage  of  its  own  people.  For  instance,  it  misht  have  hap- 
pened— and  I  am  surprised,  when  I  look  back  at  the  history  of  the 
country,  that  it  did  not — that  for  the  first  twenty -five  years  of  the  ex- 
istence of  the  Government  all  pos^office  oi>erations  were  carried  on  by 
private  hands.  I  do  not  remember  how  late  down  in  the  progress  of 
affairs  it  was  before  Congress  passed  the  act  prohibiting  the  transporta- 


REMARKS  OF  HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS.  5 

• 

tion  of  letters  by  private  hands  and  compelling  their  transportation  by 
mail,  but  in  the  condition  of  the  country  at  that  time  it  would  have 
been  perfectly  natural  that  the  transportation  of  such  intelligence  as 
could  be  transported  at  that  time  in  that  way  alone,  by  letters  and 
printed  papers,  should  be  carried  on  in  many  sections  of  the  country  at 
private  cost  and  as  a  private  enterprise.  Yet,  I  suppose  that  nobody 
would  contend  that  had  it  been  so  Congress  would  not  have  had  the 
power  to  take  the  matter  into  its  own  hand»  whenever  it  considered  it 
wise  to  do  so  under  the  conditions  of  the  country,  and  nobody  would 
have  had  any  moral — and  of  course  he  would  have  had  no  legal — ground 
of  complaint  that  Congress  had  set  up  a  pos^office  establishment.  So 
that  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just*  ground  for  this 
corporation — I  will  say  corporation  because  it  comes  to  that  j  there  is 
only  one  in  the  country  amounting  to  anything,  and,  like  Aaron's  rod, 
it  swallows  up  all  the  other  rods  that  appear  on  the  surface  of  the 
country — I  say  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  juat  ground 
for  this  corporation  to  complain  that  Congress  is  doing  something  that 
is  iiyurious  to  its  private  interests,  not  the  slightest;  but  if  it  did,  it  is 
the  natural  consequence  of  carrying  on  the  Government.  It  is  within 
the  exercise  of  its  just  and  intrinsic  powers,  and,  of  course,  if  we  have 
not  those  intrinsic  powers  that  is  the  end  of  it.  In  exerting  these  in- 
trinsic powers,  if  particular  interests  are,  for  the  time  being,  itgured, 
no  one  has  any  right  to  complain. 

Then,  in  addition  to  that,  it  may  be  said  that  my  proposition  is  not 
to  prohibit  the  transmission  of  telegraphic  intelligence  by  any  private 
person  or  any  corporation ;  not  to  subject  telegraph  companies  to  the 
same  rule  that  is  enforced  against  the  transportation  of  letters  by  pri- 
vate hands  in  the  old  and  in  the  present  law,  I  believe,  bat  to  leave 
them  as  they  are  established  in  the  business,  to  go  on  and  compete,  and 
carry  on  their  operations  exactly  as  they  did  before.  But,  putting  it 
in  the  narrowest  business  point  of  vie\^,  the  United  States  stand  in  no 
diflerent  attitude  to  them  than  would  any  other  private  corporation 
that  n)ight  be  incorporated  to-morrow  to  set  up  a  telegraph  line  any- 
where or  everywhere  over  the  country.  And,  of  course,  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  would  never  think  of  complaining  of  any 
body  of  capitalists  who  should  to-morrow  procure  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion (as  they  can  under  the  laws  of  unny  of  the  States,  without  even 
going  to  the  legislature,  under  general  laws  which  provide  for  the 
formation  of  corporations),  and  build  lines  and  carry  on  the  telegraph 
business,  as  has  been  done  over  and  over  again.  And  those  usually 
•the  Western  Union  Company  has  bought  out,  or  treated  with,  or  pooled, 
or  something  of  that  kind,  but  it  has  never  complained  that  these  new 
companies  were  interfering^  with  its  rights.  And  clearly  it  could  not 
do  so.  So  that,  even  in  the  naiTowest  point  of  view,  the  United  States 
certainlj^  cannot  be  said  to  stand  in  any  worse  light,  with  respect  to 
engaging  in  this  enterprise,  than  private  persons  would.  The  only 
difference  would  be  that,  whereas  the  private  company  may  be 
*' squeezed'' by  cutting  rates,  may  be  "frozen  out,"  or  bought  up,  or 
pooled  with  so  as  to  create  an  actual  monoply,  by  which  not  only  the 
prices  of  intelligence,  but  what  kind  of  intelligence,  shall  go,  and 
when  it  shall  go,  and  under  whose  control,  is  made  subject  to  one  domi 
nation — the  only  difference  would  be  that  whereas  they  can  treat  and 
deal  with  rival  companies,  they  cannot  treat  and  pool  with  and  cut 
rates  and  run  Congress  out,  and  that  is  just  where  the  rub  really  is,  I 
suppose.  It  seems  to  me,  for  the  best  interests  of  the  country,  that 
any  appliance  with  which  its  welfare  is  so  intimately  connected  as  is 


4  REMARKS   OF   HON.    GEORGE   F.    ED^fUXDS. 

So  that  I  think  the  constitotional  qoestion  is  beyond  the  range  of  &ir 
dispute,  and  I  do  not  wish  to  take  any  of  your  time  upon  that  point. 

The  next  question  is  one  of  public  policy :  Is  it  expedient  for  the  inter- 
ests of  the  people  f  On  that  point  I  only  have  to  say  that  this  Groveni- 
ment — ^national  aod  State  combined — was,  as  the  Constitution  says,  insti- 
tuted to  promote  the  general  welfare ;  and  the  specific  objects  tt^t  are 
named  in  the  Constitution,  and  the  particular  one  of  promoting  its 
general  welfare,  point  out  clearly  that  Congress,  within  the  scope  of 
the  powers  that  are  given  to  it,  may  do  whatever  appears  to  be  for  the 
general  wel&re.  Among  that  class  of  objects  is  the  dissemination  of 
intelligence,  the  freest  and  most  convenient  means  of  intercommunica- 
tion t^tween  citizens  of  the  Republic  and  of  every  part  of  it^  It  was 
on  that  principle  that  the  Post-Office  Department  was  provided  to  be 
established.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power, 
rather  than  the  several  States,  to  regulate  commerce  among  the  several 
States.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power  to  coin 
money  and  regulate  the  value  thereof.  I  nc^  not  go  on  enumerating 
things  we  all  understand  so  welL  Whatever  is  within  the  scope  of  the 
objects  that  were  given  to  the  control  of  Congress,  either  independently 
of  the  States  or  concurrently  with  them,  all  look,  of  course,  to  its  gen- 
eral welfare,  which  the  preamble  of  the  Constitution  refers  to — ^promot- 
ing the  happiness,  the  prosperity,  and  the  intelligence  of  the  people. 

I,  of  course,  need  not  spend  a  moment  of  time  to  convince  you  that 
the  telegraph  in  this  age  of  the  world  is  perhaps  more  essential  to  the 
safety  of  the  country  in  time  of  war  or  in  time  of  peace,  so  far  as  it 
respects  its  military  establishment;  to  the  welfare  of  the  country,  as  it 
respects  Congress;  to  its  happiness,  as  it  respects  instantaneous  inter- 
communication between  citizens,  relatives,  and  friends  in  distant  parts 
of  the  country  on  sabjects  of  domestic  solicitude,  like  sickness  and 
death,  and  every  species  of  family  intelligence.  All  that  is  too  clear  to 
be  more  thar  stated.  So  that  the  i)olicy  of  providing  within  the  Con- 
stitution and  according  to  it  for  this  means  of  communication  would 
seem  to  me  to  be  perfectly  established. 

The  people  who  are  engaged  in  telegraphic  operations,  just  as  the 
people  who  have  been  engaged  in  express  and  transportation  opera- 
tions, feel  a  natural  solicitude,  of  course,  that  their  business  should  not 
be  competed  with  by  the  exertion  of  any  function  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States.  They  argue  to  me  that  it  is  unjust  to  them  that  Con 
gress  should  enter  the  field  of  what  they  call  competition  with  private 
business.  But  if  I  am  right  in  what  I  have  said  respecting  the  inherent 
constitutional  power  of  Congress,  and  the  inherent  public  policy  of  doing 
this  thing  for  the  reasons  that  I  have  stated,  then  the  argument  of  these 
gentlemen  engaged  in  that  sort  of  business  falls  to  the  ground,  because 
they  have  known  the  Constitution  of  the  Grovemment  and  the  public 
objects  that  it  was  bound  to  promote  all  the  time,  and  that  whenever 
Congress  saw  fit  to  enlarge  the  postal  establishment  in  order  to  facili- 
tate its  war  and  commercial  and  financial  operations,  to  exert  the  powers 
that  belong  to  it  by  the  Constitution,  it  must  necessarily  do  so  without 
regard  to  the  extent  to  which  it  would  affect  private  interests  in  doing 
the  same  things  that  Congress  finally  thinks  it  best  to  do  itself,  and 
for  the  advantage  of  its  own  people.  For  instance,  it  might  have  hap- 
pened— and  I  am  surprised,  when  I  look  back  at  the  history  of  the 
country,  that  it  did  not — that  for  the  first  twenty -five  years  of  the  ex- 
istence of  the  Government  all  post-office  operations  were  carried  on  by 
private  hands.  I  do  not  remember  how  late  down  in  the  progress  of 
affairs  it  was  before  Congress  passed  the  act  prohibiting  the  transporta- 


REMARKS  OF  HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS.  5 

• 

tion  of  letters  by  private  hands  and  compelling  their  transportation  by 
mail,  but  in  the  condition  of  the  country  at  that  time  it  would  have 
been  perfectly  natural  that  the  transportation  of  such  intelligence  as 
could  be  transported  at  that  time  in  that  way  alone,  by  letters  and 
printed  papers,  should  be  carried  on  in  many  sections  of  the  country  at 
private  cost  and  as  a  private  enterprise.  Yet,  I  suppose  that  nobody 
would  contend  that  had  it  been  so  Congress  would  not  have  had  the 
power  to  take  the  matter  into  its  own  hand»  whenever  it  considered  it 
wise  to  do  so  under  the  conditions  of  the  country,  and  nobody  would 
have  had  any  moral — and  of  course  he  would  have  had  no  legal — ground 
of  complaint  that  Congress  had  set  up  a  post-office  establishment.  So 
that  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just' ground  for  this 
corporation — I  will  say  corporation  because  it  comes  to  that;  there  is 
only  one  in  the  country  amounting  to  anything,  and,  like  Aaron's  rod, 
it  swallows  up  all  the  other  rods  that  appear  on  the  surface  of  the 
country — I  say  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just  ground 
for  this  corporation  to  complain  that  Congress  is  doing  something  that 
is  iiyurious  to  its  private  interests,  not  the  slightest;  but  if  it  did,  it  is 
the  natural  consequence  of  carrying  on  the  Government.  It  is  within 
the  exercise  of  its  just  and  intrinsic  powers,  and,  of  course,  if  we  have 
not  those  intrinsic  powers  that  is  the  end  of  it.  In  exerting  these  in- 
trinsic powers,  if  particular  interests  are,  for  the  time  being,  irgured, 
no  one  has  any  right  to  complain. 

Then,  in  addition  to  that,  it  may  be  said  that  my  proposition  is  not 
to  prohibit  the  transmission  of  telegraphic  intelligence  by  any  private 
person  or  any  corporation;  not  to  subject  telegraph  companies  to  the 
same,  rule  that  is  enforced  against  the  transportation  of  letters  by  pri- 
vate hands  in  the  old  and  iu  the  present  law,  I  believe,  bat  to  leave 
them  as  they  are  established  in  the  business,  to  go  on  and  compete,  and 
carry  on  their  operations  exactly  as  they  did  before.  But,  putting  it 
in  the  narrowest  business  x>oint  of  vie\^,  the  United  States  stand  in  no 
difi'erent  attitude  to  them  than  would  any  other  private  corporation 
that  n)ight  be  incorporated  to-morrow  to  set  up  a  telegraph  line  any- 
where or  everywhere  over  the  country.  And,  of  course,  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  would  never  think  of  complaining  of  any 
body  of  capitalists  who  should  to-morrow  procure  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion (as  they  Ciin  under  the  laws  of  m  my  of  the  States,  without  even 
going  to  the  legislature,  under  general  laws  which  provide  for  the 
formation  of  corporations),  and  build  lines  and  carry  on  the  telegraph 
business,  as  has  been  done  over  and  over  again.  And  those  usually 
•the  Western  Union  Company  has  bought  out,  or  treated  with,  or  pooled, 
or  something  of  that  kind,  but  it  has  never  complained  that  these  new 
companies  were  interferin*::  with  its  rights.  And  clearly  it  could  not 
do  so.  So  that,  even  in  the  narrowest  point  of  view,  the  United  States 
certainly  cannot  be  said  to  stand  in  any  worse  light,  with  respect  to 
engaging  in  this  enterprise,  than  private  persons  would.  The  only 
difference  would  be  that,  whereas  the  private  company  may  be 
*' squeezed"  by  cutting  rates,  may  be  "frozen  out,"  or  bought  up,  or 
pooled  with  so  as  to  create  an  actual  monoply,  by  which  not  only  the 
prices  of  intelligence,  but  what  kind  of  intelligence,  shall  go,  and 
when  it  shall  go,  and  under  whose  control,  is  made  subject  to  one  domi 
nation — the  only  difference  would  be  that  whereas  they  can  treat  and 
deal  with  rival  companies,  they  cannot  treat  and  pool  with  and  cut 
rates  and  run  Congress  out,  and  that  is  just  where  the  rub  really  is,  I 
suppose.  It  seems  to  me,  for  the  best  interests  of  the  country,  that 
any  appliance  with  which  its  welfare  is  so  intimately  connected  as  is 


4  REMARKS   OP   HON.    GEORGE   F.    ED^IUNDS. 

So  that  I  think  the  constitational  question  is  beyond  the  range  of  &ir 
dispnte,  and  I  do  not  wish  to  take  any  of  your  time  upon  that  point. 

The  next  question  is  one  of  public  policy :  Is  it  expedient  for  the  inter- 
ests of  the  people  f  On  that  point  I  only  have  to  say  that  this  Grovera- 
ment — national  and  Statecombined — was,  as  the  Constitution  says,  insti- 
tuted to  promote  the  general  welfare ;  and  the  specific  objects  that  are 
named  in  the  Constitution,  and  the  particular  one  of  promoting  its 
general  welfare,  point  out  clearly  that  Congress,  within  the  scope  of 
the  powers  that  are  given  to  it,  may  do  whatever  appears  to  be  for  the 
general  welfare.  Among  that  class  of  objects  is  the  dissemination  of 
intelligence,  the  freest  and  most  convenient  means  of  intercommunica- 
tion t^tween  citizens  of  the  Republic  and  of  every  part  of  it^  It  was 
on  that  principle  that  the  Post-Office  Department  was  provided  to  be 
established.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power, 
rather  than  the  several  States,  to  regulate  commerce  among  the  several 
States.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power  to  coin 
money  and  regulate  the  value  thereof.  I  need  not  go  on  enumerating 
things  we  all  understand  so  well.  Whatever  is  within  the  scope  of  the 
objects  that  were  given  to  the  control  of  Congress,  either  independently 
of  the  States  or  concurrently  with  them,  aU  look,  of  course,  to  its  gen- 
eral welfare,  which  the  preamble  of  the  Constitution  refers  to — promot- 
ing the  happiness,  the  prosperity,  and  the  intelligence  of  the  people. 

I,  of  course,  need  not  spend  a  moment  of  time  to  convince  you  that 
the  telegraph  in  this  age  of  the  world  is  perhaps  more  essential  to  the 
safety  of  the  country  in  time  of  war  or  in  time  of  peace,  so  far  as  it 
respects  its  military  establishment;  to  the  welfare  of  the  country,  as  it 
respects  Congress;  to  its  happiness,  as  it  respects  instantaneous  inter- 
communication between  citizens,  relatives,  and  friends  in  distant  parts 
of  the  country  on  subjects  of  domestic  solicitude,  like  sickness  and 
death,  and  every  species  of  family  intelligence.  All  that  is  too  clear  to 
be  more  thar  stated.  So  that  the  policy  of  providing  within  the  Con- 
stitution and  according  to  it  for  this  means  of  communication  would 
seem  to  me  to  be  perfectly  established. 

The  people  who  are  engaged  in  telegraphic  ox)erations,  just  as  the 
people  who  have  bc^n  engaged  in  express  and  transportation  opera- 
tions, feel  a  natural  solicitude,  of  course,  that  their  business  should  not 
be  competed  with  by  the  exertion  of  any  function  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States.  They  argue  to  me  that  it  is  unjust  to  them  that  Con 
gress  should  enter  the  field  of  what  they  call  comi>etition  with  private 
business.  But  if  I  am  right  in  what  I  have  said  respecting  the  inherent 
constitutional  power  of  Congress,  and  the  inherent  public  policy  of  doing 
this  thing  for  the  reasons  that  I  have  stated,  then  the  argument  of  these 
gentlemen  engaged  in  that  sort  of  business  falls  to  the  ground,  because 
they  have  known  the  Constitution  of  the  Government  and  the  public 
objects  that  it  was  bound  to  promote  all  the  time,  and  that  whenever 
Congress  saw  fit  to  enlarge  the  postal  establishment  in  order  to  facili- 
tate its  war  and  commercial  and  financial  operations,  to  exert  the  powers 
that  belong  to  it  by  the  Constitution,  it  must  necessarily  do  so  without 
regard  to  the  extent  to  which  it  would  affect  private  interests  in  doing 
the  same  things  that  Congress  finally  thinks  it  best  to  do  itself,  and 
for  the  advantage  of  its  own  people.  For  instance,  it  misht  have  hap- 
pened— and  I  am  surprised,  when  I  look  back  at  the  history  of  the 
country,  that  it  did  not — that  for  the  first  twenty-five  years  of  the  ex- 
istence of  the  Government  all  post-office  operations  were  carried  on  by 
private  hands.  I  do  not  remember  how  late  down  in  the  progress  of 
affairs  it  was  before  Congress  passed  the  act  prohibiting  the  transporta- 


REMARKS  OF  HON.  GKORGE  F.  EDMUNDS.  5 

• 

tion  of  letters  by  private  hands  and  compelling  their  transportation  by 
mail,  bat  in  the  condition  of  the  country  at  that  time  it  would  have 
been  perfectly  natural  that  the  transportation  of  such  intelligence  as 
could  be  transported  at  that  time  in  that  way  alone,  by  letters  and 
printed  papers,  should  be  carried  on  in  many  sections  of  the  country  at 
private  cost  and  as  a  private  enterprise.  Yet,  I  suppose  that  nobody 
would  contend  that  had  it  been  so  Congress  would  not  have  had  the 
power  to  take  the  matter  into  its  own  hands  whenever  it  considered  it 
wise  to  do  so  under  the  conditions  of  the  country,  and  nobody  would 
have  had  any  moral — and  of  course  he  would  have  had  no  legal — ground 
of  complaint  that  Congress  had  set  up  a  post-office  establishment.  So 
that  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just' ground  for  this 
corporation — 1  will  say  corporation  because  it  comes  to  that;  there  is 
only  one  in  the  country  amounting  to  anything,  and,  like  Aaron's  rod, 
it  swallows  up  all  the  other  rods  that  appear  on  the  surface  of  the 
country — I  say  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just  ground 
for  this  corporation  to  complain  that  Congress  is  doing  something  that 
is  injurious  to  its  private  interests,  not  the  slightest;  but  if  it  did,  it  is 
the  natural  consequence  of  carrying  on  the  Government.  It  is  within 
the  exercise  of  its  just  and  intrinsic  powers,  and,  of  course,  if  we  have 
not  those  intrinsic  powers  that  is  the  end  of  it.  In  exerting  these  in- 
trinsic powers,  if  particular  interests  are,  for  the  time  being,  itgured, 
no  one  has  any  right  to  complain. 

Then,  in  addition  to  that,  it  may  be  said  that  my  proposition  is  not 
to  prohibit  the  transmission  of  telegraphic  intelligence  by  any  private 
person  or  any  corporation;  not  to  subject  telegraph  companies  to  the 
same  rule  that  is  enforced  against  the  transportation  of  letters  by  pri- 
vate hands  in  the  old  and  in  the  present  law,  I  believe,  bat  to  leave 
them  as  they  are  established  in  the  business,  to  go  on  and  compete,  and 
carry  on  their  operations  exactly  as  they  did  before.  But,  patting  it 
in  the  narrowest  business  x>oint  of  vie\Y,  the  United  States  stand  in  no 
difierent  attitude  to  them  than  would  any  other  private  corporation 
that  might  be  incorporated  to-morrow  to  set  up  a  telegraph  line  any- 
where or  everywhere  over  the  country.  And,  of  course,  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  would  never  think  of  complaining  of  any 
body  of  capitalists  who  should  to-morrow  procure  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion (as  they  can  under  the  laws  of  m^ny  of  the  States,  without  even 
going  to  the  legislature,  under  general  laws  which  provide  for  the 
formation  of  corporations),  and  build  lines  and  carry  on  the  telegraph 
business,  as  has  been  done  over  and  over  again.  And  those  usually 
•the  Western  Union  Company  has  bought  out,  or  treated  with,  or  pooled, 
or  something  of  that  kind,  but  it  has  never  complained  that  these  new 
companies  were  interfering  with  its  rights.  And  clearly  it  could  not 
do  so.  So  that,  even  in  the  narrowest  point  of  view,  the  United  States 
certainly  cannot  be  said  to  stand  in  any  worse  light,  with  respect  to 
engaging  in  this  enterprise,  than  private  persons  would.  The  only 
difference  would  be  that,  whereas  the  private  company  may  be 
*' squeezed'' by  cutting  rates,  may  be  "frozen  out,"  or  bought  up,  or 
pooled  with  so  as  to  create  an  actual  monoply,  by  which  not  only  the 
prices  of  intelligence,  but  what  kind  of  intelligence,  shall  go,  and 
when  it  shall  go,  and  under  whose  control,  is  made  subject  to  one  domi 
nation — the  only  difference  would  be  that  whereas  they  can  treat  and 
deal  with  rival  companies,  they  cannot  treat  and  i>ool  with  and  cut 
rates  and  run  Congress  out,  and  that  is  just  where  the  rub  really  is,  I 
suppose.  It  seems  to  me,  for  the  best  interests  of  the  country,  that 
any  appliance  with  which  its  welfare  is  so  intimately  connected  as  is 


4  REMARKS   OP   HON.    GEORGE   F.    ED^irXDS. 

So  that  I  think  the  constitotional  question  is  beyond  the  range  of  fair 
dispnte,  and  I  do  not  wish  to  take  any  of  your  time  ux)on  that  point. 

The  next  question  is  one  of  public  policy :  Is  it  expedient  for  the  inter- 
ests of  the  people  f  On  that  point  I  only  have  to  say  that  this  Govern- 
ment— national  and  State  combined — was,  as  the  Constitution  says,  insti- 
tuted to  promote  the  general  welfare ;  and  the  specific  objects  that  are 
named  in  the  Constitution,  and  the  particular  one  of  promoting  its 
general  wel&re,  point  out  clearly  that  Congress,  within  the  scope  of 
the  powers  that  are  given  to  it,  may  do  whatever  appears  to  be  for  the 
general  wel&re.  Among  that  class  of  objects  is  the  dissemination  of 
intelligence,  the  freest  and  most  convenient  means  of  intercommunica- 
tion t^tween  citizens  of  the  Republic  and  of  every  part  of  it.  It  was 
on  that  principle  that  the  Post-Office  Department  was  provided  to  be 
established.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power, 
rather  than  the  several  States,  to  regulate  commerce  among  the  several 
States.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power  to  coin 
money  and  regulate  the  value  thereof.  I  need  not  go  on  enumerating 
things  we  all  understand  so  weU.  Whatever  is  within  the  scope  of  the 
objects  that  were  given  to  the  control  of  Congress,  either  independently 
of  the  States  or  concurrently  with  them,  all  look,  of  course,  to  its  gen- 
eral welfare,  which  the  preamble  of  the  Constitution  refers  to — promot- 
ing the  happiness,  the  prosperity,  and  the  intelligence  of  the  people. 

I,  of  course,  need  not  spend  a  moment  of  time  to  convince  you  that 
the  telegraph  in  this  age  of  the  world  is  perhaps  more  essential  to  the 
safety  of  the  country  in  time  of  war  or  in  time  of  peace,  so  far  as  it 
respects  its  military  establishment;  to  the  welfare  of  the  country,  as  it 
respects  Congress;  to  its  happiness,  as  it  respects  instantaneous  inter- 
communication between  citizens,  relatives,  and  friends  in  distant  parts 
of  the  country  on  subjects  of  domestic  solicitude,  like  sickness  and 
death,  and  every  species  of  family  intelligence.  All  that  is  too  clear  to 
be  more  thar  stated.  So  that  the  policy  of  providing  within  the  Con- 
stitution and  according  to  it  for  this  means  of  communication  would 
seem  to  me  to  be  perfectly  established. 

The  people  who  are  engaged  in  telegraphic  operations,  just  as  the 
people  who  have  been  engaged  in  express  and  transportation  opera- 
tions, feel  a  natural  solicitude,  of  course,  that  their  business  should  not 
be  competed  with  by  the  exertion  of  any  function  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States.  They  argue  to  me  that  it  is  unjust  to  them  that  Con 
gress  should  enter  the  field  of  what  they  call  competition  with  private 
business.  But  if  I  am  right  in  what  I  have  said  respecting  the  inherent 
constitutional  power  of  Congress,  and  the  inherent  public  policy  of  doing 
this  thing  for  the  reasons  that  I  have  stated,  then  the  argument  of  these 
gentlemen  engaged  in  that  sort  of  business  falls  to  the  ground,  because 
they  have  known  the  Constitution  of  the  Grovemment  and  the  public 
objects  that  it  was  bound  to  promote  all  the  time,  and  that  whenever 
Congress  saw  fit  to  enlarge  the  postal  establishment  in  order  to  facili- 
tate its  war  and  commercial  and  financial  operations,  to  exert  the  powers 
that  belong  to  it  by  the  Coostitution,  it  must  necessarily  do  so  without 
regard  to  the  extent  to  which  it  would  affect  private  interests  in  doing 
the  same  things  that  Congress  finally  thinks  it  best  to  do  itself,  and 
for  the  advantage  of  its  own  people.  For  instance,  it  might  have  hap- 
pened— and  I  am  surprised,  when  I  look  back  at  the  history  of  the 
country,  that  it  did  not — that  for  the  first  twenty -five  years  of  the  ex- 
istence of  the  Government  all  post-office  operations  were  carried  on  by 
private  hands.  I  do  not  remember  how  late  down  in  the  progress  of 
affairs  it  was  before  Congress  passed  the  act  prohibiting  the  transporta- 


REMARKS  OF  HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS.  5 

tion  of  letters  by  private  hands  and  compelling  their  transportation  by 
mail,  but  in  the  condition  of  the  country  at  that  time  it  would  have 
been  perfectly  natural  that  the  transportation  of  such  intelligence  as 
could  be  transported  at  that  time  in  that  way  alone,  by  letters  and 
printed  papers,  should  be  carried  on  in  many  sections  of  the  country  at 
private  cost  and  as  a  private  enterprise.  Yet,  I  suppose  that  nobody 
would  contend  that  had  it  been  so  Congress  would  not  have  had  the 
power  to  take  the  matter  into  its  own  hand»  whenever  it  considered  it 
wise  to  do  so  under  the  conditions  of  the  country,  and  nobody  would 
have  had  any  moral — and  of  course  he  would  have  had  no  legal — ground 
of  complaint  that  Congress  had  set  up  a  po8^office  establishment.  So 
that  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just' ground  for  this 
corporation — 1  will  say  corporation  because  it  comes  to  that;  there  is 
only  one  in  the  country  amounting  to  anything,  and,  like  Aaron's  rod, 
it  swallows  up  all  the  other  rods  that  appear  on  the  surface  of  the 
country — I  say  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just  ground 
for  this  corporation  to  complain  that  Congress  is  doing  something  that 
is  injurious  to  its  private  interests,  not  the  slightest;  but  if  it  did,  it  is 
the  natural  consequence  of  carrying  on  the  Government.  It  is  within 
the  exercise  of  its  just  and  intrinsic  powers,  and,  of  course,  if  we  have 
not  those  intrinsic  powers  that  is  the  end  of  it.  In  exerting  these  in- 
trinsic powers,  if  particular  interests  are,  for  the  time  being,  itgured, 
no  one  has  any  right  to  complain. 

Then,  in  addition  to  that,  it  may  be  said  that  my  proposition  is  not 
to  prohibit  the  transmission  of  telegraphic  intelligence  by  any  private 
person  or  any  corporation ;  not  to  subject  telegraph  companies  to  the 
same  rule  that  is  enforced  against  the  transportation  of  letters  by  pri- 
vate hands  in  the  old  and  in  the  present  law,  I  believe,  bat  to  leave 
them  as  tbey  are  established  in  the  business,  to  go  on  and  compete,  and 
carry  on  their  oi)erations  exactly  as  they  did  before.  But,  putting  it 
in  the  narrowest  busiue^^^s  point  of  vie\^,  the  United  States  stand  in  no 
diflerent  attitude  to  them  than  would  any  other  private  corporation 
that  might  be  incorporated  to-morrow  to  set  up  a  telegraph  line  any- 
where or  everywhere  over  the  country.  And,  of  course,  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  would  never  think  of  complaining  of  any 
body  of  capitalists  who  should  to-morrow  procure  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion (as  they  Ciin  under  the  laws  of  uany  of  the  States,  without  even 
going  to  the  legislatnre,  under  general  laws  which  provide  for  the 
formation  of  corporations),  and  build  lines  and  carry  on  the  telegraph 
business,  as  has  been  done  over  and  over  again.  And  those  usually 
•the  Western  Union  Company  has  bought  out,  or  treated  with,  or  pooled, 
or  something  of  that  kind,  but  it  has  never  complained  that  these  new 
companies  were  interfering^  with  its  rights.  And  clearly  it  could  not 
do  so.  So  that,  even  in  the  narrowest  point  of  view,  the  United  States 
certainly  cannot  be  said  to  stand  in  any  worse  light,  with  respect  to 
engaging  in  this  enterprise,  than  private  persons  would.  The  only 
difference  would  be  that,  whereas  the  private  company  may  be 
*' squeezed"  by  cutting  rates,  may  be  "frozen  out,"  or  bought  up,  or 
pooled  with  so  as  to  create  an  actual  monoply,  by  which  not  only  the 
prices  of  intelligence,  but  what  kind  of  intelligence,  shall  go,  and 
when  it  shall  go,  and  under  whose  control,  is  made  subject  to  one  donii 
nation — the  only  difference  would  be  that  whereas  they  can  treat  and 
deal  with  rival  companies,  they  cannot  treat  and  i>ool  with  and  cut 
rates  and  run  Congress  out,  and  that  is  just  where  the  rub  really  is,  I 
suppose.  It  seems  to  me,  for  the  best  interests  of  the  country,  that 
any  appliance  with  which  its  welfare  is  so  intimately  connected  as  is 


4  REMARKS   OP   HON.    GEORGE   F.    ED^IUNDS, 

So  that  I  think  the  constitational  qoestion  is  beyond  the  range  of  fair 
dispate,  and  I  do  not  wish  to  take  any  of  yonr  time  upon  that  point. 

The  next  question  is  one  of  public  policy :  Is  it  expedient  for  the  inter- 
ests of  the  people  f  On  that  point  I  only  have  to  say  that  this  Grovera- 
ment — national  and  State  combined — was,  as  the  Constitution  says^iusti- 
tuted  to  promote  the  general  welfare ;  and  the  specific  objects  that  are 
named  in  the  Constitution,  and  the  particular  one  of  promoting  its 
general  welfare,  point  out  clearly  that  Congress,  within  the  scope  of 
the  powers  that  are  given  to  it,  may  do  whatever  appears  to  be  for  the 
general  welfare.  Among  that  class  of  objects  is  tiie  dissemination  of 
intelligence,  the  freest  and  most  convenient  means  of  intercommunica- 
tion t^tween  citizens  of  the  Republic  and  of  every  part  of  it.  It  was 
on  that  principle  that  the  Post-Office  Department  was  provided  to  be 
established.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power, 
rather  than  the  several  States,  to  regulate  commerce  among  the  several 
States.  It  was  on  that  principle  that  Congress  was  given  power  to  coin 
money  and  regulate  the  value  thereof.  I  need  not  go  on  enumerating 
things  we  all  understand  so  well.  Whatever  is  within  the  scope  of  the 
objects  that  were  given  to  the  control  of  Congress,  either  independently 
of  the  States  or  concurrently  with  them,  all  look,  of  course,  to  its  gen- 
eral welfare,  which  the  preamble  of  the  Constitution  refers  to — ^promot- 
ing the  happiness,  the  prosperity,  and  the  intelligence  of  the  people. 

I,  of  course,  need  not  spend  a  moment  of  time  to  convince  you  that 
the  telegraph  in  this  age  of  the  world  is  i>erhaps  more  essential  to  the 
safety  of  the  country  in  time  of  war  or  in  time  of  peace,  so  far  as  it 
respects  its  military  establishment;  to  the  welfare  of  the  country,  as  it 
respects  Congress;  to  its  happiness,  as  it  respects  instantaneous  inter- 
communication between  citizens,  relatives,  and  friends  in  distant  parts 
of  the  country  on  subjects  of  domestic  solicitude,  like  sickness  and 
death,  and  every  species  of  family  intelligence.  All  that  is  too  clear  to 
be  more  thar  stated.  So  that  the  i)olicy  of  providing  within  the  Con- 
stitution and  according  to  it  for  this  means  of  communication  would 
seem  to  me  to  be  perfectly  established. 

The  people  who  are  engaged  in  telegraphic  operations,  just  as  the 
people  who  have  been  engaged  in  express  and  transportation  opera- 
tions, feel  a  natural  solicitude,  of  course,  that  their  business  should  not 
be  competed  with  by  the  exertion  of  any  function  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States.  They  argue  to  me  that  it  is  unjust  to  them  that  Con 
gress  should  enter  the  field  of  what  they  call  competition  with  private 
business.  But  if  I  am  right  in  what  I  have  said  respecting  the  inherent 
constitutional  power  of  Congress,  and  the  inherent  public  policy  of  doing 
this  thing  for  the  reasons  that  I  have  stated,  then  the  argument  of  these 
gentlemen  engaged  in  that  sort  of  business  falls  to  the  ground,  because 
they  have  known  the  Constitution  of  the  Government  and  the  public 
objects  that  it  was  bound  to  promote  all  the  time,  and  that  whenever 
Congress  saw  fit  to  enlarge  the  postal  establishment  in  order  to  facili- 
tate its  war  and  commercial  and  financial  operations,  to  exert  the  powers 
that  belong  to  it  by  the  Coostitution,  it  must  necessarily  do  so  without 
regard  to  the  extent  to  which  it  would  affect  private  interests  in  doing 
the  same  things  that  Congress  finally  thinks  it  best  to  do  itself,  and 
for  the  advantage  of  its  own  people.  For  instance,  it  might  have  hap- 
pened— and  I  am  surprised,  when  I  look  back  at  the  history  of  the 
country,  that  it  did  not — that  for  the  first  twenty -five  years  of  the  ex- 
istence of  the  Government  all  post-office  operations  were  carried  on  by 
private  hands.  I  do  not  remember  how  late  down  in  the  progress  of 
affairs  it  was  before  Congress  passed  the  act  prohibiting  the  transporta- 


REMARKS  OF  HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS.  5 

• 

tion  of  letters  by  private  hands  and  compelling  their  transportation  by 
mail,  but  in  the  condition  of  the  country  at  that  time  it  would  have 
been  perfectly  natural  that  the  transportation  of  such  intelligence  as 
could  be  transported  at  that  time  in  that  way  alone,  by  letters  and 
printed  papers,  should  be  carried  on  in  many  sections  of  the  country  at 
private  cost  and  as  a  private  enterprise.  Yet,  I  suppose  that  nobody 
would  contend  that  had  it  been  so  Congress  would  not  have  had  the 
power  to  take  the  matter  into  its  own  hand»  whenever  it  considered  it 
wise  to  do  so  under  the  conditions  of  the  country,  and  nobody  would 
have  had  any  moral — and  of  course  he  would  have  had  no  legal — ground 
of  complaint  that  Congress  had  set  up  a  post-office  establishment.  So 
that  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just' ground  for  this 
corporation — I  will  say  corporation  because  it  comes  to  that;  there  is 
only  one  in  the  country  amounting  to  anything,  and,  like  Aaron's  rod, 
it  swallows  up  all  the  other  rods  that  appear  on  the  surface  of  the 
country — I  say  it  does  not  appear  to  me  that  there  is  any  just  ground 
for  this  corporation  to  complain  that  Congress  is  doing  something  that 
is  injurious  to  its  private  interests,  not  the  slightest;  but  if  it  did,  it  is 
the  natural  consequence  of  carrying  on  the  Government.  It  is  within 
the  exercise  of  its  just  and  intrinsic  powers,  and,  of  course,  if  we  have 
not  those  intrinsic  powers  that  is  the  end  of  it.  In  exerting  these  in- 
trinsic powers,  if  particular  interests  are,  for  the  time  being,  itgured, 
no  one  has  any  right  to  complain. 

Then,  in  addition  to  that,  it  may  be  said  that  my  proposition  is  not 
to  prohibit  the  transmission  of  telegraphic  intelligence  by  any  private 
l)ersou  or  any  corporation;  not  to  subject  telegraph  companies  to  the 
same  rule  that  is  enforced  against  the  transportation  of  letters  by  pri- 
vate hands  in  the  old  and  in  the  present  law,  I  believe,  but  to  leave 
them  as  they  are  established  in  the  business,  to  go  on  and  compete,  and 
carry  on  their  operations  exactly  as  they  did  before.  But,  putting  it 
in  the  narrowest  business  point  of  vie\Y,  the  United  States  stand  in  no 
difl'erent  attitude  to  them  than  would  any  other  private  corporation 
that  might  be  incorporated  to-morrow  to  set  up  a  telegraph  line  any- 
where or  everywhere  over  the  country.  And,  of  course,  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  would  never  think  of  complaining  of  any 
body  of  capitalists  who  should  to-morrow  procure  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion (as  they  can  under  the  laws  of  m^ny  of  the  States,  without  even 
going  to  the  legislature,  under  general  laws  which  provide  for  the 
formation  of  corporations),  and  build  lines  and  carry  on  the  telegraph 
business,  as  has  been  done  over  and  over  again.  And  those  usually 
•the  Western  Union  Company  has  bought  out,  or  treated  with,  or  pooled, 
or  something  of  that  kind,  but  it  has  never  complained  that  these  new 
companies  were  interfering?  with  its  rights.  And  cleiirly  it  could  not 
do  so.  So  that,  even  in  the  narrowest  point  of  view,  the  United  States 
certainly  cannot  be  said  to  stand  in  any  worse  light,  with  respect  to 
engaging  in  this  enterprise,  than  private  persons  would.  The  only 
difference  would  be  that,  whereas  the  i)rivate  company  may  be 
*' squeezed"  by  cutting  rates,  may  be  "frozen  out,"  or  bought  up,  or 
pooled  with  so  as  to  create  an  actual  monoply,  by  which  not  only  the 
prices  of  intelligence,  but  what  kind  of  intelligence,  shall  go,  and 
when  it  shall  go,  and  under  whose  control,  is  made  subject  to  one  domi 
nation — the  only  difference  would  be  that  whereas  they  can  treat  and 
deal  with  rival  companies,  they  cannot  treat  and  pool  with  and  cut 
rates  and  run  Congress  out,  and  that  is  just  where  the  rub  really  is,  I 
suppose.  It  seems  to  me,  for  the  best  interests  of  the  country,  that 
any  appliance  with  which  its  welfare  is  so  intimately  connected  as  is 


6  BEMARK8  OF  HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS. 

the  iostaDtaneooB  traii«inia8ioii  of  iDtelligence,  shoold  be  snbject  to  no 
censorship,  to  no  corpomte  will,  to  no  qaestion  of  how  it  is  going  to 
afTect  stocks  or  the  standing  of  corporations  or  of  persons,  bnt  it  sbonld 
be  free  to  all  men  as  the  post-office  is,  and,  like  the  post-office,  snbject 
to  no  espionage.  It  is  essential,  I  believe,  at  this  time,  to  the  interests 
of  the  United  States,  and  growing  more  and  more  so  in  connection 
with  great  social  questions  and  the  aggregations  of  vast  snms  of  money 
under  corporate  power,  that  this  governmental  business  should  be 
taken  in  hand  by  the  Government  on  the  constitutional  principle 
stated — should  be  undertaken  independently,  and  subject  to  no  con- 
tracts or  arrangements  ^ith  parties. 

Then  it  appears  to  me  that  the  wise  and  prudent  way  to  accomplish 
it  would  be  to  avail  ourselves  of  whatever  force  of  people  in  the  pay  of 
the  United  States  we  are  possessed  of.  We  have  a  Ck>rps  of  Engineers 
in  the  Army  who  are  engaged  in  doing  engineering  and  practical  build- 
ing work  of  various  kinds  in  connection  with  rivers,  harbors,  forts,  and 
arsenals,  levees,  dikes,  canals,  locks,  and  the  like,  who  are  now  employed 
at  the  expense  of  the  ITnited  States,  holding  life  places,  and  with  ample 
material  in  the  way  of  skill,  learning,  honor,  probity,  intelligence,  every- 
thing that  goes  to  make  up  a  good  administrative  system  of  doing  some- 
thing on  the  face  of  the  earth.  If  we  were  to  provide  for  patting  the 
construction  of  these  lines  into  the  hands  of  the  Engineer  Corps  we 
should  thereby  make  a  great  saving  in  point  of  economy  in  the  expend- 
iture of  money,  and  at  the  same  time  have  no  jobbery  in  the  way  of 
contracts,  have  no  peculation  of  funds,  for  I  am  boupd  to  say  for  the 
engineers  that,  through  the  whole  history  of  the  (Government,  the  percent- 
age of  money  lost  to  the  United  States  in  the  disbursement  of  public 
moneys  at  the  hands  of  the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  War  Department 
has  been  smaller  than  in  any  other  branch  of  the  public  service,  and  I 
believe  smaller,  although  I  do  not  speak  by  the  book  as  to  that,  than  in 
any  branch  of  any  public  service  of  any  country  in  the  world.  It  al- 
most never  happens  that  any  of  these  gentlemen  who  are  in  the  Corps 
of  Engineers,  charged  with  the  disbursement  of  public  funds,  default 
one  cent. 

Mr.  Maxet.  That  is  so ;  and  in  the  case  of  Paymaster  Gratiot,  taken 
1o  the  Supreme  Court,  the  question  was  only  as  to  his  commissions. 
There  was  no  defalcation. 

Mr.  Edmunds.  So  that  my  plan  would  be  as  one  most  suited  under 
all  circumstances,  as  I  have  suggested  in  the  bill  that  I  had  the  honor 
to  introduce,  and  which  is  before  you,  to  have  a  Board  composed  of  ^ 
three  heads  of  departments  to  establish  four  leading  lines,  trunk  lines,* 
just  as  if  there  was  not  a  telegraph  in  the  world  at  this  time,  and  to 
have  the  actual  building  carried  on  by  the  Corps  of  Engineers.  We 
begin  just  as  we  did  the  post-office  in  old  times,  to  construct  north  and 
south,  east  and  west,  some  great  arms  or  trunks,  from  which  branches 
may  go  from  time  to  time  as  money  shall  be  appropriated  and  as  there 
shall  be  use  for  the  same. 

Then  I  have  thought  it  necessary  (as  1  think  you  will  all  agree,  if  you 
think  it  desirable  to  do  anything)  to  provide,  in  as  careful  a  manner  as 
I  could,  for  the  right  to  build  these  lines,  that  wherever  there  is  private 
property  that  has  to  be  taken  (for  instance,  running  poles  over  a  man's 
land,  or  through  the  streets  of  a  city),  if  they  will  not  grant  the  right — 
as  of  course  all  cities  will  in  some  way,  there  is  no  difficulty  about  that 
— I  have  thought  it  necessary  to  provide  for  coercive  measures,  just  as  a 
State  would  do  if  lauds  were  to  be  taken  for  a  highway  or  a  railroad,  to 
take  what  cannot  be  bought,  under  the  force  and  form  of  law,  so  as  not 


BEK ARES   OF  HON.   GEORGE   F.   EDMUNDS.  7 

to  have  any  blockade  or  injunctions  on  the  part  of  anybody  who  may 
be  disposed  to  resist  the  carrying  out  of  this  system  as  an  actaal  fiEict. 
So  I  have  endeavored  to  provide  in  the  ordinary  way  for  the  porchase 
of  rights  of  way  and  of  material,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Pres- 
ident, so  that  the  matter  would  be  under  a  check  as  respects  the  paying 
of  extravagant  prices,  and  so  forth. 

Then  if  the  party  whose  property  is  taken  thinks  he  has  a  claim  beyond 
what  would  be  allowed  to  him,  he  has  the  right  to  sue  the  United  States 
in  the  Court  of  Claims,  in  the  ordinary  way,  by  petition,  setting  forth 
his  claims.  That  court  will  decide  the  matter,  subject  to  appeal  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Then  I  provide  that  no  refusal 
or  omission  of  the  claimant  to  take  his  compensation,  either  for  land 
damages  or  telegraphic  instruments,  patent  rights,  anything  that  is 
necessary  in  the  proper  working  of  the  telegraph  basiness,  shall  delay 
the  progress  of  the  work,  but  the  claunant  may  go  to  the  Court  of  Claims, 
get  his  damage  allowed  and  get  his  money.  That,  I  am  sure,  relieves 
us  of  all  constitutional  difficulty. 

All  the  courts  have  held  that  if  you  provide  a  tribunal  in  which  the 
claimant  may  get  what  he  claims,  if  he  will  not  take  what  has  been 
offered  him — ^if  the  means  are  provided  for  paying  him  when  the  tribunal 
decides  the  case,  then  you  may  go  on  with  the  work  without  waiting 
for  lawsuits  to  be  decided.  K  it  were  otherwise,  it  would  take  an  in- 
definite and  almost  interminable  time  to  decide  the  question.  All  that, 
however,  is  merely  technical  and  instrumental,  so  that  it*  we  go  into  title 
thing  at  all  we  may  not  be  balked  by  blockades  of  injunctions. 

The  Chairman.  In  every  case  the  amount  of  damage  done  by  taking 
property  would  be  a  question  of  fatct,  I  suppose  t 

Mr.  Edmunds.  Yes. 

The  Chairman.  Is  it  a  fair  way  to  determine  that,  to  send  claimants 
to  the  Court  of  Claims  in  Washington  f 

Mr.  Edmunds.  Yes. 

The  Chairman.  Suppose  the  claimant  happens  to  reside  in  Colorado, 
and  he  claims  damage  to  a  certain  extent,  how  will  that  be  determined 
by  the  Court  of  Claims  heref 

Mr.  Edmunds.  If  the  Secretary  of  War,  with  the  approval  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  offers  him  a  less  sum  than  he  thinks  he 
ought  to  have,  then  he  i^  not  bound  to  take  it,  bat  be  may  apply  to  the 
Court  of  Claims,  who  shall  hear  the  case.  The  evidence  in  such  a  case 
would  all  be  in  writing,  and  I  am  sure  that  the  difference  in  expense 
between  such  a  hearing  in  the  Court  of  Claims  here  and  a  hearing  by 
the  district  court  of  the  United  States  for  the  district  of  Colorado  would 
be  absolutely  nily  and  I  thought  it  would  be  more  convenient  and  sys- 
tematic if  the  whole  matter  were  aggregated  in  one  tribunal  that  is  fair — 
as  we  all  agree  that  is — than  to  have  the  cases  tried  in  local  tribunals. 

The  Chairman.  In  such  cases  would  not  a  man  be  entitled  to  a  trial 
by  jury  t 

Mr.  Edmunds.  Oh,  no.  This  class  of  cases  are  not  those  at  common 
law,  where  the  Constitution  requires  trial  by  jury.  It  is  a  question  of 
public  and  political  policy  and  concern,  and  it  is  perfectly  legal  if  the 
sovereign  power  provides  a  tribunal  in  the  nature  of  a  jadicial  tribu- 
nal {they  generally  provide  commissioners,  as  you  know,  a  tribunal 
that  is  fair  and  impartial),  where  the  parties  can  have  an  opportunity  to 
be  heard.  So  that  the  constitutionality  of  providing  for  the  Court  of 
Claims  in  such  cases,  or  for  the  district  judge  or  circuit  judge,  as  a 
court  without  the  interveqtion  of  a  jnry,  is  clear,  I  think. 


S  RKMAEM   OF  HON.   OEOHOE  F.   EDMUHM. 

ICr.  WiLSOK.  We  had  a  difficulty  of  that  kind  in  the  Bock  Island 
case,  away  back  in  the  rixtiea.  The  owners  of  parts  of  the  island  were 
asking  exorbitant  prices,  and  we  passed  an  act  providing  that  the  ma- 
chinery of  the  two  States  of  Dlinois  and  Iowa  might  be  availed  of  in 
order  to  effect  the  combination  and  determine  the  prices.  That  was 
throngh  commissioDers  primarily,  with  the  right  of  appeal  to  the  court 
hy  either  party  in  case  either  should  not  be  satisfied  with  the  finding  of 
the  commission. 

Mr.  Edmunds.  The  rub  will  oome  at  the  starting  of  these  lines.  After 
the  thing  is  once  started  we  shall  not  have  the  least  difficulty.  Suppose 
we  start  four  trunk  lines,  making  five  thousand  or  ten  thousand  miles; 
the  only  difficulty  you  will  experience^!  do  not  pretend  to  be  much  of 
a  prophet,  but  I  am  glad  this  is  taken  down — ^will  be  from  resistance 
brought  by  somebody  at  the  instigation  of  the  corporation  that  now  has 
control  of  the  telegraph  business.  It  will  be  their  fight,  and  not  the 
fight  of  the  parti^ar  men  that  own  the  land,  or  the  particular  ma- 
cbiuery  necessary  in  operating  the  telegraph  business.  We  lawyers 
know  perfectly  well  how  all  that  is. 

Mr.  Maxet.  We  have  in  our  State  a  law  authorizing  the  appointment 
of  arbitrators,  who  may  select  an  umpire,  and  they  determine  the 
amount  of  damages.  Suppose  that  somebody  in  interest  wants  to  get 
out  an  injunction.  In  such  a  case  the  corporation  may  deposit  that 
much  money  in  the  court,  and  the  road  may  go  on.  If  the  party  gets 
more  damages  finally  than  the  amount  deposited,  the  corporation  is 
bound  to  pay  it.  If  that  much  or  less,  then  the  party  pays  the  costs  of 
his  injunction.  Is  there  any  provision  in  your  bill  to  meet  a  case  like 
that! 

Mr.  Edmunds.  Yes,  except  as  to  the  costs.  The  provision  I  make  is 
based  upon  the  law  of  most  or  all  the  New  England  States  rolative  to 
common  roads  and  railroads.  It  is  this:  If  anybody  claims  damages, 
the  Secretary  of  War,  with  the  approval  of  the  President,  is  to  offer 
these  gentlemen  what  he  considers  just  compensation  for  carrying  the 
I)oles,  for  illustration,  a  mile  across  their  lands.  If  they  take  it,  of 
course  that  ends  the  matter.  But  if  they  refuse  it,  then  they  are  au- 
thorized to  file  their  petitions  in  the  court  of  claims  and  have  the  matter 
adjudicated  there.  The  bill  also  provides,  just  as  Congress  has  pro- 
vided for  all  judgments  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  that  the  money  neces- 
sary to  pay  judgments  of  the  Court  of  Claims — with  the  right  of  appeal 
to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  so  as  to  guard  against  ac- 
cidents and  errors,  of  course — is  appropriated.  Then  my  bill  provides 
further,  that  no  refusal  or  omission — the  word  "omission^  has  been  left 
out  by  a  clerical  mistake ;  I  have  marked  it  in  in  my  copy — ^to  take  the 
sum  that  is  otfered  to  him  shall  impede,  or  delay,  or  hinder  the  progress 
of  the  work,  because,  under  the  constitutional  provision  of  giving  him 
just  compensation  through  an  impartial  tribunal,  he  is  entitled  to  the 
money  the  moment  the  question  is  settled. 

The  Chairman.  This  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  is  open  to  either 
party! 

Mr.  Edmunds.  Yes;  to  either  party. 

The  Chairman.  But  there  would  never  be  anything  to  appeal  from 
except  questions  of  fact,would  there! 

Mr.  Edmunds.  Yes;  there  might  be.  It  very  often  happens  in  the 
adjudication  of  questions  of  damage  that  the  principal  question  is 
whether  the  claimant  ha^  any  legal  right,  or  what  is  the  nature  of  his 
right,  to  the  property  in  respect  of  which  he  claims,  or  whether  what  is 
done  to  him  is  in  point  of  law  a  damage;  as,  for  instance,  by  the  ordi- 


REMARKS  OF  HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS.  9 

nary  laws  every  landowner  adjoining  a  pablic  way  is  supposed  to  own 
the  soil  to  the  middle  of  that  way,  and  if  he  owns  on  both  sides,  then  he 
is  supposed  to  own  the  fee  to  the  whole  road,  and  the  pablic  only  have 
the  right  of  passage.  The  question  of  law  has  often  arisen  as  to  whether 
the  mere  act  of  going  over  a  road  with  a  new  species  of  conveyance  is 
such  an  infringement  of  the  rights  of  property  as  to  entitle  the  owner 
of  the  land  to  more  pay  than  for  the  original  purchase.  All  these  ques- 
tions depeud  on  circumstauces,  so  that  it  would  be  really  like  appeals 
in  equity  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  depending  upon 
the  particular  phase  of  the  question,  as  to  whether  it  wa^  law  or  fact,  or 
what  sort  of  error  had  been  committed  in  the  Court  of  Claims. 

The  Chairman.  There  is  one  objection  to  taking  an  appeal  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States — that  it  would  take  a  very  long 
time  to  get  a  decisioli,  and  the  claimant  would  consequently  have  to 
wait  a  long  time. 

Mr.  Wilson.  There  would  be  a  tender  made  at  the  beginning. 

Mr.  Edmunds.  For  one,  I  should  be  quite  willing,  for  an  object  like 
that,  to  vote  to  provide  that  all  appeals  of  this  character  should  take 
precedence  in  the  Supreme  Court,  so  that  they  could  be  carried  through 
very  fast. 

The  Chairman.  I  do  not  know  that  we  will  ever  have  to  take  any 
private  property.  In  towns  and  in  the  country  the  Hues  would  pass 
over  highway^,  and  I  doubt  very  much  whether  you  would  ever  have  to 
take  the  lines  across  a  piece  of  private  property. 

Mr.  Edmunds.  The  tug  will  come  in  the  first  six  months,  probably, 
with  injunctions  all  over  the  country  as  fast  as  the  Government  tries  to 
do  anything.  There  will  be  efforts  made  to  break  it  down,  ostensibly 
by  the  owners  of  private  property,  but  really  by  the  corporation  that 
wishes  to  prevent  it.  The  moment  that  fight  is  once  done  with,  if  you 
get  three  hundred  thousand  miles  of  line  over  all  the  post-roads  in  the 
United  States,  it  will  not  happen  once  a  year  that  any  dispute  will  go 
to  the  Court  of  Claims  in  regard  to  compensation. 

The  Chairman.  It  seems  to  me  that  we  would  give  the  people  of  the 
country  a  cheap  telegraph  service  much  sooner  and  that  we  would  give 
them  a  much  cheaper  telegraph  service  by  ultimately  purchasing  exist- 
ing lines.  If  the  Government  does  it  at  all  it  should  do  all  the  busi- 
ness, because  it  can  do  it  at  smaller  charge.  At  first  the  companies 
would  refuse  to  sell  their  lines  for  anything  th^t  we  would  give  them ;  but 
as  soon  as  they  fin<l  the  Government  lines  a  fixed  fact  they  would  be 
ready  to  sell  at  any  fair  and  reasonable  price,  at,  say,  what  it  would 
cost  to  build  new  lines  or  upon  some  such  basis.  So  far  as  the  neces- 
sity of  i)rohibitiug  competition  against  the  Government  is  concerned,  it 
seems  to  me  that  competition  would  not  long  exist,  any  more  than  it 
does  in  the  Post-Ofiice. 

Mr.  Edmunds.  My  answer  to  that  is,  first,  that  I  agree  with  you  en- 
tirely if  we  could  purchase  to-day  all  the  telegraph  lines  in  the  country, 
even  with  the  embarrassment  of  rival  lines  built  and  bought  up,  of 
buying  a  great  deal  of  property  that  is  quite  unnecessary,  at  a  fair  and 
just  price,  the  value  of  the  property  as  a  thing — not  measured  by  the 
aniount  of  profit  that  the  owner  could  make  out  of  it  in  twenty  years, 
which  is  not  the  measure  when  a  State  takes  i)rivate  pro])erty,  but  the 
just  price  of  a  thing,  for  we  are  not  buying  a  patent  right  or  anything 
that  is  a  monopoly.  If  we  could  buy  this  property  at  the  value  that  it 
has  as  a  thing  on  the  surface  of  the  earth,  and  that  is  the  price  at  which 
you  can  get  another  exactly  such  a  thing,  then  it  would  be  an  excellent 
thing  to  do,  and  the  easiest  wa^',  even  with^the  embarrassments  and 


10  REMARKS  OF  HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS. 

Dniftances  of  a  great  many  doable  lines  and  ^aste;  but  that  is  a  mere 
fraction.  How  is  it  to  be  done!  Either  by  the  consent  of  the  com- 
pany or  by  condemnation.  If  yoa  provide  for  condemnation,  yon  have 
to  take  them  all,  and  yon  have  to  take  them  at  a  valnation  made  by  some- 
body. And  I  confess  that  I  do  not  know  any  tribunal  to  which,  as  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  taxpayers  of  the  United  States,  I  shonld  be  willing  to 
tmst  that  appraisement  If  yon  do  not  wish  to  put  your  foot  in  blindly 
and  pay  for  this  property  iu  a  Inmp,  then  your  only  other  alternative 
in  respect  to  dealing  with  it  is  to  purchase  by  consent.  If  you  provide 
for  that  and  stop  there,  then  you  will  not  purchase  at  all.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  you  begin  with  a  few  thousand  miles  of  great  trunk  lines, 
from  which  branches  must  radiate  in  time,  so  that  nothing  is  lost;  if 
you  get  it  started  so  that  these  gentlemen  see  that  the  thing  is  estab- 
lished, that  yon  can  carry  on  a  postal-telegraph  business,  and  that  you 
are  iu  earnest,  then  they  will  be  willing  to  make  fair  terms  and  sell 
their  lines  at  reasonable  prices. 

I  should  be  willing,  I  think,  when  we  get  started,  to  confide  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States  and  the  seven  heads  of  Departments 
(that  is  the  best  thing  I  can  think  of  at  this  moment)  the  discretion  of 
negotiating  with  these  people  for  the  purchase  of  their  lines  on  terms 
of  their  actual  v^ue,  measured  by  what  it  would  cost  to  build  them  all 
over  anew,  and  the  value  of  their  patent  rights,  such  as  are  necessary. 
I  would  deal  with  them  justly  and  uprightly,  and  liberally  even.  Hav- 
ing gone  the  distance  I  have  already  spoken  of,  in  having  five  or  ten 
thousand  miles  in  operation  in  the  United  States,  and  the  policy  fixed, 
of  going  on,  I  think  I  should  be  wiljing  to  say  that  whatever  sum  the 
I'resident  and  Cabinet  agreed  upon  and  reported  in  writing  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  (the  report  to  be  signed  by  the  President  and 
all  his  Cabinet,  in  the  face  of  the  people  of  the  United  States)  and  that 
sum  reported  to  Congress,  we  would  pay.  But  in  my  belief  it  is  use- 
less to  go  forward  a  foot  in  dealing  with  these  companies  in  the  way  of 
purchasiug  existing  lines,  if  you  leave  it  as  a  matter  of  purchase.  If 
you  leave  it  to  coercion,  then  yon  must  take  the  whole,  and  I  do  not 
know  of  any  tribunal,  in  the  present  state  of  things,  that  I  should  be 
willing  to  trust  to  fix  the  price.  But  if  we  start  the  thing,  and  in  a 
way  that  will  not  be  Jiuy  loss  to  us  when  we  do  buy,  if  they  are  willing 
to  sell — ^for  these  great  trunk  lines  are  arteries  where  the  circulation  is 
increasing  more  and  more  all  the  time,  so  that  you  can  hardly  have  too 
many  lines  in  a  few  years  on  these  great  trunks — we  shall  then  be  in  a 
condition  to  deal  with  them  and  they  will  be  in  a  condition  to  deal  with 
us.  Their  present  feeling,  I  am  sure — and  which  has  existed  for  several 
years,  as  I  have  known  from  having  heard  the  subject  discussed — is 
exactly  that  which  the  Pacific  Railroad  occupied  six  or  eight  years  ago: 
that  it  is  totally  impossible  to  get  a  bill  through  Congress  to  provide 
for  a  postal  telegraph.  They  do  not  mean  to  let  you  do  it,  and  they  do 
not  expect  you  are  going  to  do  it.  They  think  they  have  got  their  hand 
on  the  throttle  so  that  it  is  imx)ossible  for  Congress  to  move  without 
their  consent.  But  I  wish  the  experiment  tried.  We  tried  it  with  the 
Pacific  railroads  and  were  beaten  to  death  for  the  first  three  or  four 
years,  and  I  do  not  know  but  we  shall  be  now.  But  the  way  to  do  is 
to  begin. 

I  remember  that  when  Mr.  Boutwell  was  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  the  Pacific  Railroad  interest  was  accumulating,  I  offered  an  amend- 
ment to  an  appropriation  bill,  which  all  agreed  was  perfectly  legitimate 
under  our  rules,  and  there  was  no  point  of  order  made,  to  have  Mr. 
Boutwell  hold  up  paying  out  any  more  money  of  the  United  States  to 


REMARKS  OF  HON  OEORQE  F.  EDMUNDS.         11 

those  compaDies  for  transportation  antil  it  could  be  looked  into.  We 
had  a  debate,  and  I  was  laughed  at;  and  on  the  yeas  and  nays  I  got 
only  a  very  small  minority  to  vote  with  me.  The  next  session,  or  the 
next  session  but  one — there  having  occurred  in  the  meantime  what  is 
called  the  Credit  Mobilier  investigation,  which  did  not  touch  this  ques- 
tion, however,  but  which  only  showed  that  there  had  been  wrong  going 
on,  more  or  less — I  offered  substantially  the  same  amendment,  and  on 
the  yeas  and  nays  a  great  majority  voted  for  it. 

These  gentlemen  have  the  same  feeling  that  the  railroad  people  had. 
They  have  a  right  to  have  it,  in  one  sense;  and,  if  they  think  they  are 
stronger  than  the  public  interests  and  people,  they  have  a  right  to 
blockade  it  if  they  can  by  fair  and  honest  methods. 

Mr.  M AXEY.  Have  you  made  any  estimate  of  the  number  of  employ^ 
that  would  be  necessary  when  the  postal  telegraph  system,  according 
to  your  views,  is  put  on  its  feet  for,  say,  three  hundred  thousand  miles, 
the  present  number  of  miles  of  postal  service  we  have! 

Mr.  Edmunds.  I  have  only  made  an  estimate  proportionately.  My 
conclusion  is  (from  having  seen  the  English  and  French  postal  tele- 
graph operations,  and  from  having  seen  how  a  great  many  of  these 
small  existing  telegraph  ofSces  are  worked),  that  it  will  not  increase  the 
present  number  of  employes  at  the  most  by  more  than  one-third,  tak- 
ing the  great  cities  and  great  and  smM  ofSces  together ;  for  the  reason 
that  because  all  the  small  lines  give  but  comparatively  little  business, 
and  in  rural  districts  it  will  happen  at  the  post-ofSce,  just  as  it  now 
happens  at  the  railroad  stations  and  at  the  private  telegraph  ofSces  all 
over  the  country,  that  some  person  connected  with  the  railroad  depot 
(the  sou  of  the  freight  agent,  or  the  station'  master  himself,  or  his 
daughter)  is  telegraph  operator,  is  paid  on  a  commission,  on  the  very  same 
theory  that  we  pay  our  small  ofSce  postmasters.  So  that  in  the  great 
mass  of  post-ofSces  all  over  the  country,  with  the  increase  of  telegraphy 
and  the  number  of  people  who  should  take  that  up,  young  women,  and 
everybody  wanting  something  to  do,  it  will  happen  as  a  fact  that  in  the 
family  of  the  postmaster  there  will  be  some  one  who  will  do  the  telegraph- 
ing|i.nd  will  be  paid  in  the  same  way  that  you  now  pay  for  the  trans- 
mittal of  letter  intelligence.  I  dislike  to  increase  the  patronage,  but 
we  must  carry  on  the  Oovemment,  and  I  have  provided,  with  a  sincere 
faith  that  it  is  the  best  way,  that  this  question  of  the  employment  of 
operators  shall  be  entirely  taken  out  of  any  political  channel;  that 
these  people  shall  be  examined  on  the  principles  of  the  civil  service 
commissioners'  law,  without  any  respect  to  their  politics  or  their  reli- 
gion, but  in  respect  only  to  their  fitness  and  capacity  to  perform  the 
duty.  And  being  examined,  they  shall  be  employed  and  hold  ofice  on 
the  same  theory'. 

The  Chairman.  In  regard  to  purchasing  existing  lines,  I  want  to  ask 
as  to  the  discretion  in  the  matter  to  buy  existing  fines  at  prices  not  to 
exceed  the  actual  cost  of  constructing  lines,  or  a  certain  percentage 
over,  if  you  please  to  give  it,  whether  it  would  not  be  safe  to  trust  that 
in  the  hands  of  certain  oflScials  of  the  (rovemment,  to  be  designated 
in  the  bill — the  Postmaster-General  or  somebody  else.  I  am  satisfied 
that  if  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  became  convinced  that 
wo  were  going  to  build  an  independent  system,  they  would  be  ready  to 
sell  at  once. 

Mr.  Saulsbuht.  I  will  venture  to  say  that  they  will  not  sell  at  the 
cost  of  construction,  because,  even  with  the  existence  of  a  postal  tele- 
graph, they  can  still  make  a  good  percentage  upon  th^  actual  cost  of 
their  construction. 


1^2         RKMARKfl  OF  HON.  GEORGE  F.  EDMUNDS. 

Mr.  EDHUTa)S.  I  think  it  much  better  for  public  interests,  and  mach 
better  for  justice  and  fair  play  towards  this  existing  business — ^which  is 
only  to  be  driven  out  of  existence,  if  it  is  to  be  at  all,  which  I  doubt,  for 
a  great  many  years;  it  may  wind  up  in  the  end,  and  probably  will — ^to 
provide  for  going  on  independently  at  first.  We  shouid  spend  what  is 
necessary  at  first  for  these  trunk  lines  only.  Nobody  would  propose  to 
put  up  thirty  million  dol'ars,  or  whatever  it  may  be,*  in  one  lump,  to  go 
on  indefinitely  with  construction;  but,  like  all  other  matters.  Congress 
must  have  its  hand  on  the  purse  every  year.  I  think  that  is  a  pretty 
good  rule  in  carrying  on  the  Government,  so  that  in  the  course  of  a 
year  or  two  after  we  have  started  this  thing  we  shall  be  able  to  deal 
with  these  people  on  safe  and  just  terms.  For  I  agree  with  Mr.  Sauls- 
bury  that  it  would  be  extremely  unsafe  to  authorize  the  purchase  of 
these  existing  lines  for  the  cost  of  their  construction. 

The  Chairman.  By  cost  of  construction  I  mean  what  it  would  cost 
to  build  another  line  of  the  same  capacity. 

Mr.  Edmunds.  That  would  be  practically  useless  at  present,  and  it 
might  result,  with  influences  that  might  be  brought  to  bear  on  those  to 
whom  we  should  intrust  this,  in  delay  in  the  commencement  of  opera- 
tions until  a  Congress  or  two  had  come  and  gone,  on  account  of  pro- 
tracted negotiations.  In  whatever  way  we  might  try  to  buy  I  believe 
it  would  bring  a  blockade,  unless  we  take  the  property  by  condemna- 
tion (and  that  is  too  much  of  a  risk,  I  think,  though  I  think  I  should  be 
willing  to  run  that),  or  go  on  and  open  up  the  beginning  of  this  system 
by  what  is  clearly  within  our  reach,  and  then  the  policy  being  such,  and 
the  fact  that  it  is  going  on,  would  put  these  people  in  a  condition  to 
deal  with  the  United  States  upon  principles  of  business,  fairness,  and 
patriotism. 

The  Chairman.  One  other  question,  and  that  is,  whether  the  Qov- 
erumeut  proposes  to  use  patents.  For  instance,  if  we  should  deem  it 
necessary  to  have  the  telephone  in  connection  with  the  telegraph,  would 
you  deal  with  the  owners  of  such  an  important  patent  the  same  as  with 
the  owners  of  telegraph  property  t 

Mr.  Edmunds.  Precisely.  My  bill  contains  one  provision  for  exactly 
that  thing.  t 

The  Chairman.  Would  not  that  be  very  severe,  for  instance,  on  the 
telephone  companies,  to  take  their  patents  and  use  them  without  hav- 
ing first  determined  what  they  were  worth,  and  leaving  the  courts  to 
determine  what  we  would  pay  I 

Mr.  Edmunds.  It  is  subject  to  exactly  the  same  principles  as  every 
other  species  of  property,  and  Congress  would  undoubtedly  have  the 
right  to  deal  with  it  in  the  same  manner — by  a  judicial  determination 
of  value ;  and  especially  would  that  be  so  with  respect  to  a  patent 
which  only  exists  by  the  permission  of  the  Government,  whereas  the 
right  of  ordinary  property  is  a  natural  right.  But  no  man  has  any 
natural  right  in  a  patent,  which  only  exists  by  force  of  conventional 
law. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  you,  gentlemen  of  the  committee,  for  your  kind 
attention,  and  regret  that  I  have  occupied  your  time  so  long. 


\  . 


STATEMENT 


OF 


NOBVDT   OBEEH.   PRESIDENT   OF   THE  WESTEBH  UVIOH  TELE 

OBAPH  COMPANT. 


Thursday^  January  31, 1884. 

NoBYiN  Obebn,  president  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, came  before  the  committee  and  made  the  following  statement : 

Mr.  Peesident  and  Senators  of  the  Committee  :  While  I  am 
greatly  obliged  for  the  courtesy  granted  of  a  hearing  before  yon,  there 
is  probably  little  more  that  I  desire  to  say  than  what  I  have  written 
and  submitted  to  yon  from  time  to  time,  especially  in  my  last  statement, 
of  which  I  sent  each  of  yon  a  copy,  but  not  formally  addressed  to  the 
committee.  I  trust  it  wUl  be  regarded  as  a  statement  submitted  to  the 
committee. 

The  reason  I  desired  a  hearing  was  that  we  might  be  heard  by  coun- 
sel. There  are  great  principles  of  written  and  unwritten  law  underly- 
ing this  question— of  the  duties  of  the  Government  towards  its  citizens, 
the  powers  of  the  Oovemment  in  the  premises,  and  of  how  far  the  Oov- 
emment  is  committed  under  the  act  of  1866,  in  regard  to  which  so  great 
an  interest  as  that  I  represent,  I  think,  should  be  heard  by  counsel. 
We  have  retained  Mr.  William  M.  Evarts,  who  promised  me  to  try  to 
be  here  to-day,  but  is  not.  He  is  engaged  in  a  very  large  case.  He 
says: 

I  telegraphed  chairman  that  I  cannot  be  there  to-morrow,  bat  can  attend  next  week, 
at  convenience  of  conmiittee,  after  Monday. 

I  trust,  therefore,  the  committee  will  extend  to  our  company,  which 
has  a  veiy  large  interest  involved,  the  courtesy  of  a  hearing  by  counsel 
upon  the  subject  generally,  and  especially,  as  I  said,  upon  the  written 
and  unwritten  law  of  the  subject. 

It  is  a  very  large  question,  Mr.  Chairman  and  Senators,  involving  no 
less  than  $100,000,000  of  property.  I  have  not  conferred  with  the  other 
telegraphinterests  of  the  country,  but  I  assume  that  they  do  not  want 

13 


14  STATEMENT  OF  NORVIN  GREEN. 

the  value  of  their  property  destroyed  any  more  than  we  do.  I  have  out- 
lined onr  general  view  of  the  subject.  We  do  not  want  to  seU  our  prop- 
erty ;  we  prefer  to  go  on  with  it  If,  however,  the  Government  must 
go  into  the  telegraph  business  we  think  all  the  equities  of  the  case  re- 
quire that  they  should  take  existing  properties  at  a  fair  valuation.  We 
think  we  had  a  right  to  expect  that  that  would  be  the  course  of  the 
Government  by  the  language  of  the  act  of  1866. 

Whether  it  directly  commits  the  Government  to  that  course  of  policy 
or  not,  certainly  the  telegraph  interests  of  the  country  had  a  right  to 
expect  it.  It  was  there  stipulated  with  the  comi>anies  accepting  the 
provisions  of  that  agreement  that  the  (rovernment  should  have  the  right 
at  any  time  after  five  years  of  taking  their  properties  at  a  fair  valua- 
tion, to  be  ascertained  by  an  arbitration  of  five  persons,  two  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  company,  two  by  the  Government,  and  the  four  to  choose 
a  fifth.  That  was  a  fair  way  to  make  the  appraisement.  It  is  a  method 
frequently  adopted  between  persons  and  corporations.  It  is  a  method 
recognized  under  the  laws  of  most  of  the  States.  And  certainly  five 
men  can  be  found  whose  character  and  disinterestedness  would  be  above 
suspicion. 

But  I  do  not  propose  to  pursue  that  subject.  I  propose  to  leave  that 
to  abler  hands,  as  also  the  question  of  the  power  of  Congress  in  the 
premises,  which  I  have  treated  somewhat  in  my  paper  submitted  to  the 
committee,  and  originally  in  the  North  American  Beview.  But  not 
being  educated  to  the  law,  I  think  it  is  not  doing  justice  to  the  gre^t 
interests  I  represent  to  trust  this  consideration  to  any  treatment  that 
I  am  able  to  give  it.  I  propose,  therefore,  in  these  remarks,  to  confine 
myself  to  the  question  of  policy,  as  to  whether  it  is  worth  wnile  for  the 
Government  to  take  the  telegraphs  at  all. 

I  assume  that,  under  the  genius  and  fundamental  principles  of  our 
Government,  it  is  the  true  policy  to  do  nothing  by  governmental  agencies 
that  can  be  as  well  done  by  private  enterprise.  The  suggestion  of  the 
Government  taking  the  telegraphs,  naturally  comes  from  the  fact  that 
European  Governments  have  taken  charge  of  the  telegraphs.  In  most 
of  them — though  probably  England  is  an  exception— the  taking  of  the 
telegraphs  was  from  this  consideration :  for  the  protection  and  security 
of  the  Government.  It  was  in  order  to  prevent  freedom  of  communica- 
tion between  plotters  against  the  Government.  It  was  in  order  to  have 
a  knowledge  of  what  was  going  on  and  protecting  the  powers  that  be. 
In  this  country  we  have  no  &>vemment  in  that  sense.  We  have  a 
temporary  administration  of  the  Government.  But  the  people  govern, 
and  it  is  not  fair  or  proper  that  that  temporary  administration  shoula 
have  the  advantages  which  are  deemed  necessary  to  crowned  heads  who 
sit  uneasy  upon  their  thrones,  who  are  afiraid  of  plotters  against  them. 
Unless,  therefore,  there  is  something  essentially  and  inherently  defect- 
ive in  the  service  rendered,  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  why  the  Gov- 
ernment should  consider  the  subject  of  taking  possession  of  the  tele- 
graphs. 

Let  us  examine  the  facts.  Those  of  us  who  have  passed  three-score 
years  have  seen  more  progress  made  in  the  last  fifty  years  in  the  appli- 
cation of  science  to  useful  and  progressive  arts  than  has  been  made  in 
five  hundred  years  before.  Prominently  amongst  them  are  the  railroads 
and  telegraphs  in  this  country,  pushed  in  almost  every  instance  in  ad- 
vance of  their  needs.  The  railroads  have  been  pushed  westward,  as 
you  know,  and  many  of  them  languished  for  years,  have  gone  into  the 
hands  of  receivers,  passed  into  new  proprietorships,  because  they  were 
built  by  enterprising  capital  in  advance  of  any  absolute  need.    The  tele- 


STATEMENT  OF  NORVIN  QREEN.  15 

• 

graphs  in  earliest  times  were  the  same  way.  Tbree-fonrths  of  the  early 
projected  telegraphs  from  1845  to  1854  passed  from  the  XK)ssessiOD  of 
the  original  projectors  into  new  hands,  and  the  original  capital  invested 
in  them  was  absolutely  sunk.  Those  daring  enterprises  were  projected 
on  the  faith  of  the  action  of  the  Government — Mr.  Hubbard  has  given 
more  attention  than  I  have  to  this  matter  and  is  probably  more  familiar 
with  it — in  1845  or  1846,  when  Professor  Morse  and  his  associates  offered 
his  patent  to  the  Government  at  it«  own  price. 

Mr.  Gardner  G.  Hubbard.  In  1843, 1  think. 

Mr.  Green.  I  think  it  was  later  than  that.  It  was  while  Gave  John- 
son was  in  the  Cabinet  as  Postmaster-General ;  I  think  it  was  in  1845 
or  1846.  He  did  not  come  in  until  Polk's  administration.  The  subject 
was  referred  to  the  Postmaster-General,  and  on  his  adverse  report  Con- 
gress declined  to  entertain  it  at  all. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Against  selling  it  f 

Mr.  Green.  Yes,  against  the  Government  taking  it. 

Mr.  Hubbard,  ^ot  against  the  Government  taking  it. 

Mr.  Green.  It  is  not  very  creditable  to  his  sagacity,  but  the  Post- 
master-General at  that  time  thought  the  telegraphs  would  never  amount 
to  a  row  of  pins. 

Mr.  Egbert  B.  Lines.  Did  he  not  change  his  opinion  subsequently! 

Mr.  Green.  Subsequently,  perhaps. 

Mr.  Lines.  He  was  subsequently  very  strongly  in  favor  of  Govern- 
ment telegraphs. 

Mr.  Green.  On  the  faith  of  that  decision  private  capital  was  largely 
invested  in  telegraphs,  and  that  interest  was  most  daringly  and  reck- 
lessly pushed,  as  it  has  been  pushed  ever  since.  Under  private  enter- 
prise we  have  a  larger  proportion  of  telegraphic  facilities  to  population 
than  any  country  of  Europe.  We  have  a  better  service  than  in  any 
country  of  Europe.  We  have  a  cheaper  service  than  in  any  country  of 
Europe.  And  I  am  prepared  to  substantiate  that  by  any  course  of  in- 
vestigation. We  are  now  sending  for  the  25cent  rate,  about  equivalent 
to  the  shilling  rate  of  England,  ovei^  a  larger  area  than  Great  Britain. 
Within  that  area  are  a  large  amount  of  lOcent  rates  and  a  large  amount 
of  15-cent  rates.  It  is  true  our  messages  are  ten  words,  but  the  date, 
address,  and  signature  are  free,  and  it  would  not  be  a  difficult  matter 
to  show  you  a  very  ordinary  current  case  ^  here  date,  address,  and  sig- 
nature would  be  more  than  twenty  words  of  themselves. 

The  Chairman  (Mr.  Hill).  That  is  also  true  in  England,  I  believe. 

Mr.  Green.  I  presume  it  occasionally  is.  Our  13,000  offices,  to  a 
population  of  52,000,000  would  be  one  office  to  every  4,000  inhabitants. 

I  have  before  me  a  carefully  prepared  statistical  paper  by  Mr.  Grant, 
a  man  of  plodding  energy  at  digging  out  things.  My  company  has  no 
responsibility  for  it,  but  I  believe  it  is  substantially  correct.  In  that  I 
do  not  see  any  country,  certainly  any  whole  country,  that  has  anything 
like  equal  facilities  with  ours,  either  in  number  of  offices,  miles  of  wire, 
or  miles  of  line  proportionate  to  population.  There  is  only  one  country 
that  has  a  higher  percentage  of  telegraph  business  in  proportion  to  the 
population,  and  that  is  Switzerland,  which  has  about  95  per  cent,  of  mes- 
sages to  population  against  about  90  per  cent.  here.  That  is  a  little 
country  with  2,000,000  of  population,  that  might  better  be  compared  to 
New  York  than  to  the  United  States,  and  as  compared  with  New  York 
it  would  be  beaten  three  or  four  to  one. 

In  the  growth  and  extension  of  the  telegraph  business  it  has  doubled 
itself  every  five  or  six  years,  in  number  of  messages  it  has  doubled 
about  every  six  and  a  half  years.    In  miles  of  wire  it  has  doubled  about 


16  STATEMENT   OF   NORVIX    GREEN. 

• 

every  six  years,  and  in  lines  and  poles  about  every  seven  years.  In  this 
rapid  progress  and  increase  there  have  been  a  great  many  lines  pur- 
chased— consolidations  as  yon  call  them — properties  taken  up,  extend- 
ing in  both  length  and  breadth,  duplicating  our  systems.  That  is  one 
thing  that  has  possibly  created  some  feeling,  and  it  has  been  said  that 
it  has  resulted  in  increased  rates.  That  is  not  true,  except  in  a  solitary 
instance  of  the  war  of  rates  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  at  the  time 
that  company  made  a  dri\  e  at  the  Western  Union  Company  and  reduced 
the  rate  to  25  cents  east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  which  was,  for  the 
greater  part  a  losing  rate,  and  which  caused  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany to  pass  a  dividend.  After  the  taking  up  of  that  line  the  rates  were 
increased  to  those  competing  offices,  but  not  nearly  so  much  as  they  were 
before.  For  instance,  before  that  comi>etition  began,  the  rate  from  New 
York  to  Chicago  and  Saint  Louis,  was  $1 ;  it  was  increased  to  50  cents 
from  25,  and  is  50  cents  now.  At  the  same  time  there  were  five  offices 
reduced  to  one  increase.  There  was  a  pretty  high  rate  maintained  to 
side  offices  and  branch  offices  where  the  competition  had  not  reached, 
and  they  were  re<luced  to  make  some  sort  of  harmony  and  equalization 
with  the  other  rates.  So  that,  while  it  did  not  affect  as  much  business, 
there  were  really  five  redactions  made  to  one  increase  in  that  case.  In 
every  other  instance  of  the  absorption  of  an  opposition  line,  there  has 
been  a  decrease  of  rates.    Reduction  of  rates  has  followed  every  instance. 

After  taking  up  the  A&erican  Union  we  went  through  the  States  of 
New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  England,  and  made  very  sweeping 
reductions.  After  taking  up  the  Mutual  Union  last  summer  we  made 
further  reductions,  making  a  uniform  rate  of  25  cents  all  over  New  Eng- 
land, a  uniform  rate  of  25  cents  throughout  the  State  of  New  York,  a 
uniform  rate  of  25  cents  throughout  the  States  of  Pennsylvania,  New 
Jersey,  and  Maryland,  and  a  uniform  rate  of  25  cents  between  New 
York  City  and  all  points  in  New  England,  all  points  in  New  York,  and 
all  points  in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Washington  City.  Within 
that  area,  however,  there  were  still  some  15  cent  rates.  With  the  oil 
regions  we  have  had  for  three  or  four  years  a  rate  of  10  cents  between 
the  oil  exchange  in  New  York  and  the  other  oil  exchanges  in  the  oil 
regions.  That  10  cent  rate  involves  no  deliver>'  and  no  enveloping.  It 
is  a  simple  communication  between  two  exchanges,  the  sender  and  ad- 
dressee both  being  on  the  floor,  and  it  saves  a  very  large  amount  of  ex- 
pense. 

That  brings  me  to  notice  certain  bills  in  which  my  friend  Mr.  Hub- 
bard is  interested,  I  believe,  proposing  to  do  business  for  the  Govern- 
ment at  a  rate  of  25  cents  within  500  miles,  50  cents  between  500  and 
1,000,  and  75  cents  for  distances  above  1,000,  the  Government  receiving 
and  delivering  the  messages,  and  furnishing  office  room.  Why,  we  are 
doing  business  for  less  than  that,  and  receiving  and  delivering  our  own 
messages,  furnishing  our  own  offices,  and  taking  all  responsibility.  If 
the  Government  would  open  that  measure  to  competition,  I  think  we 
could  beat  that  a  good  deal. 

Under  the  act  of  1866,  we  agreed,  by  accepting  the  provisions  of  that 
act,  to  do  the  Government  business  at  such  rates  as  might,  from  time 
to  time,  be  fixed  by  the  Postmaster-General.  The  rate  so  fixed  for  two 
and  one  half  years  has  been  one  cent  a  word  for  each  circuit  of  500 
miles  or  less.  So  that  we  are  doing^a  large  amount  of  business  for  the 
Government  continually,  at  the  rate  of  20  cents  for  20  words  for  500 
miles,  and  we  receive  the  messages  at  our  own  offices,  for  which  we 
pay  our  own  rents,  and  deliver  the  messages  in  our  own  envelopes^  and 
by  our  own  messenger  boys. 


STATEMENT   OF   NORVIN   GREEN.  17 

Senator  Satjlsbuby.  What  is  the  amoant  of  money  paid  to  yoor  com- 
pany for  transmission  of  messages  for  the  Government  f 

Mr.  Obeen.  That  question  has  been  asked  by  the  Postmaster-Oen- 
eral,  and  it  is  very  difficult  to  answer.  The  (rovemment  pays  as  under 
contract  for  the  signal  service  reports  in  regard  to  the  weather  from 
$80,000  to  $100,000  per  year.  The  military  service  of  the  Government 
is  wide  spread,  as  you  luiow,  as  is  also  the  nairal  service.  It  would  be 
a  matter  of  great  labor  to  ascertain  what  it  all  amounts  to.  The  Gov- 
ernment has  its  military  Stations  on  the  western  frontier  and  the  naval 
stations  along  the  coast.  We  could  easily  ascertain  what  is  done  from 
this  city.  Most  of  the  Government  telegrams  go  from  Washington,  so 
that  it  might  be  ascertained  through  the  office  in  this  city  what  those 
telegrams  and  the  answers  thereto  have  realized  to  the  company.  But 
it  is  not  a  large  service  aside  from  the  signal  service.  Aside  from  the 
$80,000  or  $100,000  a  year  paid  us  on  that  account,  there  probably  would 
not  be  more  than  $25,000  or  $30,000  a  year.  It  is  very  much  scattered, 
and  it  is  almost  impossible  to  tell  exactly  what  it  would  be.  ^ 

When  I  went  into  the  telegraph  business^  in  1854, 1  leased  and 
subsequently  bought  out  two  lines  from  Louisville  to  New  Orleans 
that  were  utterly  broken  down.  There  had  been  $2,500,000  expended 
on  them.  There  was  some  $16,000  or  $18,000  worth  of  stock  in  the  two 
companies,  and  they  could  not  get  credit  for  a  horse  and  buggy  any- 
where on  the  line  to  go  out  and  put  up  a  wire.  They  held  a  meet- 
ing oi  the  stockholders  and  agreed  to  sell  or  lease  out  the  lines  for 
payment  of  the  debts,  and  the  proceeds  never  did  quite  pay  the  debts. 
When  I  went  into  tnat  company  a  message  from  New  York  to  New 
Orleans  had  to  pass  over  the  Imes  of  five  different  companies,  and 
nobody  ever  thought  of  getting  an  answer  the  same  day.  The  mes- 
sages went  down  one  dayj  they  got  down  during  the  night.  Ours 
was  known  as  the  Owl  Line,  because  we  had  to  send  all  the  mes- 
sages during  the  night  in  order  to  get  them  there.  The  next  day 
answers  would  come  back,  and  they  generally  got  to  New  York  at 
night,  so  that  it  was  usually  the  second  day  in  New  York  before  they 
got  answers.  I  have  before  me  a  tariff  book  of  1869,  which  has  been 
sent  me.  Oonsolidations  have  been  going  on  all  the  time,  but  the 
largest  consolidation — t^  consolidation — took  place  in  1866,  when  the 
American  Telegraph  Company  and  the  United  States  Company  were 
absorbed  by  the  Western  Union.  There  was  no  change  in  the  rates 
until  1869,  at  which  time  the  rate  from  New  York  to  New  Orleans  was 
$3.25.  It  is  now  75  cents.  It  would  be  very  tedious  io  go  through  this 
tariff  book,  but  it  shows  the  amount  paid  to  our  line  and  the  amount 
paid  to  other  lines.  As,  for  instance,  to  Adams,  Minesota,  the  price  to 
the  Western  Union  was  $2  for  the  ten  words,  and  13  cents  tor  each  ad- 
ditional word,  while  to  the  a<^acent  lines  to  extend  a  message  the  ad- 
ditional rate  was  $1.20  for  ten  words  and  7  cents  for  each  additional 
word  from  Milwaukee  or  Chicago.  To  Albany,  N.  Y.,  we  got  26  cents 
and  2  cents,  while  75  cents  were  paid  to  additional  lines ;  and  so  on. 
There  are  several  thousand  offices  here,  showing  additional  lines. 

What  I  want  to  impress  upon  you  is — and  I  am  sorry  that  I  have  not 
time  to  show  you  more  examples — that  every  absorption  of  a  telegraph 
line  has  succeeded  in  a  material  reduction  of  rates  to  some  places. 

Senator  Wilson.  Can  you  state  what  was  the  average  result  of  con- 
solidation t    You  say  that  it  resulted  in  a  reduction  to  some  places. 

Mr.  Green.  It  resulted  in  reduction  everywhere,  but  in  very  large 
reductions  to  some  places^  as,  for  instance,  when  we  were  absorbing  the 
Northwestern  Company  in  Minnesota,  their  rate  was  almost  entirely 

S.  Bep.  577,  pt. 


18  STATEMENT  OF   NORVHT  GREEN. 

wiped  oat  when  the  Weston  UDion  sqoare  ntes  exteoded  to  their  ter- 
ritory. Not  loDg  ago  we  extended  our  linee  to  Hot  Springs  in  Arkansas, 
and  wiped  oat  a  50<ent  rate  from  Little  Bock.  We  did  not  charge  anj 
more  to  Hot  Springs  than  to  Little  Bock.  Only  last  year  we  took  ap 
some  lines  in  the  Catskills  to  snndiy  wtaering  places,  ^ey  had  charged 
a  separate  rate  of  25  or  ^  cents  per  message  in  addition  to  oar  rate. 
We  took  them  np,  bnt  did  not  charge  an  additional  cent.  Oar  rates  to 
all  points  in  New  York  are  25  cents.  There  are  still,  even  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  a  half  dozen  little  independent  lines  that  we  have  not 
been  able  to  take.  If  we  coald  get  ^em  at  reasonable  prices,  their 
rate  woald  be  entirely  wiped  ont.  There  are  some  np  in  the  Adiron- 
dack region  and  at  varioas  watering  places.  There  is  one  place  of 
some  considerable  sice  where  they  have  springs,  in  the  central  part  of 
the  State — I  cannot  call  the  name  of  it — ^that  has  a  telegraphic  line  some 
30  miles  long  from  the  New  York  Central  Bailtoad,  over  which  they 
charge  a  separate  rate  jast  as  high  as  oars.  Then  there  is  the  case  q( 
the  Pensacola  Telegraph,  which  I  qnoted  in  my  article  in  the  Beview. 
That  company  tried  nnder  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Florida  to  maintain 
its  esclasive  right  to  its  telegraph  lines  in  two  counties  of  Florida.  It 
had  a  line  aboat  40  miles  long  form  Pensacola  to  Pollard,  on  which  th^ 
charged  a  $1  rate.  Oar  rate  was  continaoasly  and  steadily  reduced 
year  by  year  antil  it  came  to  pass  that  onr  rate  from  New  York  to  Pol- 
lard was  75  cents,  the  distance  being  aboat  1,800  mUes,  while  their  rate 
for  40  miles  was  $1.  We  extended  oar  line  to  Pensacola  and  wiped  oat 
their  rate  entirely.  Thereapon  arose  the  litigation  which  came  to  the 
Supreme  Conrt  of  the  United  States,  Mid  that  court  sustained  the  act 
of  1866  as  a  proper  regulation  of  the  telegraph  as  a  part  of  the  cchu- 
meroe  of  the  country. 

I  assert,  therefore,  that  instead  of  increased  rates  resulting  fit>m  con- 
solidation, with  the  single  exception  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  it  has 
resulted  in  a  reduced  rate,  and  to  very  many  places  in  a  very  largely 
reduced  rate,  wiping  out  the  rate  of  the  other  company  entirdy.  It 
has  also  resulted  in  a  greatly  improved  service.  The  rdaying  of  tele- 
grams and  transferring  them  fi^m  one  line  to  another  neoessanly  re- 
sults in  great  delay.  The  unification  of  the  lines,  therefore,  always  re- 
sults in  an  improved  service. 

On  all  these  subjects  I  testified  quite  at  length  before  a  subcommit- 
tee of  the  United  States  Senate  Committed  on  Labor^  and  made  some 
exhibits  that  the  tiine  allowed  me  here  will  not  permit  to  be  renewed, 
but  which  I  will  be  very  glad  to  have  the  members  of  the  conunittee 
look  over  at  their  con veni^ice. 

Senator  Maxby.  I  would  like  to  ask  you  one  or  two  questions,  if  it 
does  not  interrupt  yout 

Mr.  Oreen.  Not  at  alL 

Senator  Maxey.  First,  suppose  the  Government  should  establish  a 
postal  telegraph  system  with  a  dozen  lines,  but  without  prohibition  upon 
private  companies ;  what  would  be  the  probable  effect  t 

Mr.  Obeen.  The  probable  efiect  would  be  that  the  Government 
would  establish  a  losing  rate  which  would  destroy  the  value  of  our 
property.  I  can  illustrate  it  in  this  way:  When  Commodore  Van- 
derbilt  started  a  line  of  steamers  on  the  Hudson  Biver  from  New 
York  to  Albany,  charging  only  a  rate  of  25  cents,  mid  finally  car- 
rying passengers  for  nothing,  in  order  to  break  down  the  revenues 
of  the  opposition,  and  compelled  t^e  opposition  to  sell  their  steamers 
at  low  prices,  there  was  a  general  outcry  amongst  the  commercial 
community  that  it  was  piracy.    It  is  true  he  did  m>t  run  his  steamers 


STATEMENT   OP   NOBVIN   GREEN.  19 

into  the  opposition  line  and  sink  them,  but  he  snnk  their  revenae. 
and  it  amounted  to  very  mach  the  same  thing.  If  legislation  were  to 
establish  an  opposition  telegraph  to  the  company  it  would  do  the  busi- 
ness at  a  losing  rate;  it  might  not  continue ;  it  might  rally  by  and  by, 
but  undoubtedly  they  woidd  do  the  business  at  a  losing  rate.  The 
postal  business  has  been  conducted  at  a  losing  rate  from  time  to  time, 
very  often  with  large  deficits.  The  telegraph  service  in  England  has 
been  performed  at  a  losing  rate  for  a  long  time,  and  last  year  they 
would  have  had  a  big  loss  except  for  a  charge  of  £19,000  sterling  for 
service  in  transmitting  Gk>vemment  messages.  That  brought  them  up 
to  about  £400,000.  But  for  that  charge  of  £19,000  their  rate  would 
have  been  immensely  losing. 

Then  there  is  another  matter  that  suggests  itself,  and  that  is  that 
the  undertaking  is. a  very  much  larger  one  than  this  committee  con- 
ceives. 

Senator  Maxey.  I  was  going  to  ask  another  question  that  would 
probably  bring  that  out  I  had  better  ask  it  now,  and  then  you  can 
discuss  both  together :  Should  the  Government  establish  such  a  system 
(indicated  by  t£e  first  question)  over  its  own  lines,  what  would  be  tilie 
approximate  number  of  employ^  in  the  United  States,  taking  as  a.basis 
the  present  development  in  private  companies  t  What  would  be  the 
probable  annual  increase  of  employes  t 

Mr.  Green.  I  have  touched  upon  that  in  this  paper  to  the  commit- 
tee. The  number  of  employes  in  the  present  telegraph  system  is  very 
^fficnlt  to  ascertain.  Under  our  contracts  with  railroad  companies,  oat 
of  13,000  offices,  about  9,000  offices  are  open  for  the  public  for  commer- 
cial business  and  social  messages.  Over  9,000  offices  are  maintained  by 
the  railroad  companies,  and  the  employes  are  theemployteof  therailroad 
companies.  The  compensation  the  railroad  companies  get  for  it  is  the 
tree  use  of  the  wires  on  the  line  of  the  road,  and  a  certain  amount  of 
telegraph  service  off  the  line  of  the  road,  annually.  In  a  few  instances, 
as  in  the  case  of  the  New  York  Central,  and  one  or  two  others,  the 
amount  of  service  is  absolutely  unlimited,  and  they  can  do  what  they 
please,  a\id  they  do  a  very  large  amount. 

TThe  OHAreMAN>  Are  these  lines  owned  and  operated  by  the  telegraph 
company,  or  in  most  cases  by  the  railroad  companies  t 

Mr.  Gbbbn.  They  are  owned  by  the  Western  Union  Company  in  most 
cases.  The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  has  a  system  of  poles  and 
wires  of  its  own.,  The  New  York  Central  does  not  own  a  wire  except 
some  signal  wires  close  to  the  ground.  • 

The  Ghaibhan.  Could  you  state  approximately  how  many  miles  of 
these  lines  are  owned  by  railroad  companies  t 

Mr.  Gbebn.  Perhaps  19,000  or  20,000.  I  do  not  believe  that  any  raU- 
road  company,  except  the  Central  Pacific  and  the  Pennsylvania,  own 
any  lines  of  poles.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  claim  to  own  them,  but  we 
expect  to  get  a  decision  against  them  that  they  belong  tons.  The  con- 
tract stipulates  distinctly  that  the  poles  do  belong  to  us.  But,  as  to  a 
great  many  railroad  companies,  we  give  them  one  wire,  and  they  stipu- 
mte  that  if  they  need  additional  wires  they  shall  be  put  up  at  their  own 
cost,  and  in  that  way  many  of  them  have  got  one  or  two  additional 
wires  put  up  at  their  own  cost,  and  they  own  those  wires. 

The  Ohaibkan.  Can  you  state  how  many  employes,  aside  from  those 
employed  by  the  railroad  companies,  the  Western  Union  Company  has  t 

Mr.  Gbeen.  I  cannot  give  yon  that  exactly.  I  get  at  the  employes 
in  this  way,  Mr.  Chairman :  We  have  25,500  instruments  in  use.  Those 
instruments,  as  a  general  rule,  belong  to  us.    There  are  a  few  instances 


20  8TATEMENT   OF  HOBTIH  OaEKH. 

where  the  railroad  eompanies  hare  their  own  inatnuneots  on  their  own 
wirea.  Every  inatnimeot  reqoirea  mi  operator,  and  in  largeofiScea  that 
ran  day  and  night  moat  of  tlM»  inatmmenta  require  three  operators,  be- 
eaoae  Uiey  do  not  work  more  than  eii^t  hoars  a  day,  and  they  have 
three  relays.  I  shoold  say,  therefore,  that  there  are  probably  30,000 
operators  employed  on  the  Weston  Union  lines.  There  are  probably 
5.000  or  6,000  other  employ^  engaged  in  constrnctang  and  maintaining 
the  lines,  snperintendents,  derks.  Mid  officers. 

Mr.  LniES.  Is  it  not  possible  for  one  operator  to  att^id  to  two  or  three 
instmments,  provided  they  are  not  constantly  employed  t 

Mr.  Gbken  .  That  wonld  be  a  very  nnsafo  operation. 

Mr.  LiNBS.  Is  it  not  often  done  in  the  minor  offices  t 

Mr.  Obeek.  It  is  more  often  done  in  the  large  offices,  like  Boston  and 
New  York.  It  is  not  ofl^n  done  in  minor  offices.  In  New  York  we 
have  113  branch  offices  on  short  wires  in  the  city.  In  very  many  of 
those  branch  offices  there  is  very  little  bosiness.  I  donotthink  it oftNi 
happens  that  one  operator  attends  to  more  than  one  instnunent.  Hiere 
aiefoar  or  five  of  these  branch  offices  on  one  wire,  with  only  one  instm- 
ment  in  the  main  office. 

Mr.  Lines.  Suppose  you  had  three  or  four  lines  along  the  raOroad, 
and,  for  testing  purposes,  you  had  an  instrument  on  each  line  in  aminor 
office— take  the  case  of  the  junction  where  two  railroads  cross  each 
other — would  not  one  operator  do  at  that  junction  t 

Mr.  Obsen.  Where  they  have  two  wires,  used  occasionally  for  testing 
purposes,  of  course  they  do  not  need  an  operator  constantly  at  the  desk. 
But  that  is  more  than  made  up  by  the  instruments  used  6aj  and  night 
that  require  three  relays  of  operators  to  run  them. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  I  suppose  yon  have  in  your  service  somewhere  about 
8,000  or  10,000  operators  t 

Mr.  Obeen.  In  the  Western  Union  I  think  that  is  about  the  &ct. 

Senator  P julmeb.  That  is  exclusive  of  your  messengers  t 

Mr.  Obeen.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Palmeb.  How  many  messengers  are  employed  t     ^ 

Mr.  Obeen.  In  the  large  cities  there  is  a  little  army  of  them.   I  sup- 

Gse  we  have  125  in  one  office  in  New  York,  and  we  have  quite  a  num- 
r  of  them  everywhere. 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  About  2,000  messengers,  I  guess. 

Mr.  Obeen.  In  New  York,  Boston,  and  the  other  large  cites,  we  make 
contracts  with  the  American  District  Company  to  make  oqr  deliveries. 
We  put  their  offices  in  the  same  building  with  ours,  and  they  furmsh  us 
messengers  and  make  our  deliveries  promptly,  ana  i)erform  such  other 
messenger  service  as  is  offered  them.  So  that  the  messengers  are  not 
all  there  exclusively  for  our  service,  but  they  are  all  at  our  command. 

Senator  Maxey.  Your  answer  to  my  question  related  to  the  Western 
Union.  The  question  I  asked  bad  reference  to  the  approximate  number 
of  employes  under  the  control  of  all  the  companies,  my  object  being,  as 
you  will  at  once  see,  to  get  at  the  number  of  employes  that  would  prob- 
ably be  needed  by  the  Oovemment  in  case  it  supplants  your  coiqpany 
and  all  other  companies. 

Mr.  Obeen.  I  estimate  that  there  are  between  40,000  and  50,000  em- 
ployed by  the  railroad  companies  and  telegraph  companies. 

Senator  Maxey.  And  you  regard  them  as  necessarily  employed  in 
that  business  t 

Mr.  Obeen.  Necessarily  employed  in  that  business.  Whether  the 
Ooverument  would  have  persons  employed  by  railroads  or  other  parties 
to  run  their  telegraphs,  or  employ  them  itself,  would  be  a  matter  to  be 


STATEMENT   OF   NOBVIN   GREEN.  21 

arranged.  Bat  estimating  that  the  basiness  duplicates  itself  every  six 
years,  with  the  additional  impetus  that  woald  be  given  to  it  by  extr^ely 
low  rates  and  by  opening  additional  offices,  I  believe  it  would  be  dupli- 
cated in  four  years  in  Government  hands,  and  that  instead  of  600,000 
miles  of  wire  now  in  existence  you  would  have  1,200,000  miles  of  wire : 
and  instead  of  some  15,000  offices  that  are  now  on  all  the  lines  you  would 
have  probably  30,000  offices. 

The  Chairman.  You  mean  by  that  that  the  reduction  of  rates  would 
give  us  that  enormous  increase  f 

Mr.  Grben.  The  reduction  of  rates  and  additional  offices.  For  I  as- 
sume that  if  the  Gk)vernment  takes  the  telegraphs  every  post-office  will 
want  a  telegraph  office. 

Senator  Maxey.  That  is  what  I  was  trying  to  get  at. 

Mr.  Green.  And  every  member  of  Congress  will  want  every  post- 
office  in  his  district  to  have  one.  So  that  the  number  of  offices  and  em- 
ploy^ would  be  very  largely  increased.  I  think  within  five  years  the 
Government  would  find  itself  with  an  army  of  100,000  employ^  on  the 
telegraph  system. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  As  the  number  of  messages  increase,  so  will  the  nnv^- 
ber  of  operators  increase,  because  under  your  estimate  they  would  have 
two  ortiiree  times  the  present  amount  of  business  to  do. 

Mr.  Green.  Our  operators  in  the  larger  offices.  New  York,  Boston. 
Chicago,  and  Philadelphia,  are  worked  up  to  their  full  capacity.  Bat 
if  yon  take  a  little  country  office  that  does  not  send  more  than  twelve 
messages  a  day,  of  course  the  operator  could  send  twenty-five  messages 
just  as  easy  if  he  had  them.  But  that  would  not  be  a  guide  to  the  in- 
crease that  would  take  place.  It  would  not  be  the  increase  in  certain 
office^  but  the  increase  throughout  the  country.  Probably  there  would 
be  some  increase  at  important  offices  too,  in  consideration  of  the  lower 
rates,  etc.,  as  Mr.  Hubbard  indicates. 

Now,  as  to  the  diflFereuce  between  social  telegraphing  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe.  I  did  a  good  deal  of  social  telegraphing  over  there  my- 
self. I  ^ad  a  free  pass,  and  I  was  told  that  I  was  the  only  man  that 
ever  did  have  a  free  pass  under  the  post-office  system  there.  But  a 
great  many  of  their  officers  have  been  over  here  and  I  have  given  them 
franks.  I  got  one  over  there  with  a  big  red  seal  with  the  British  coat 
of  arms  upon  it,  and  signed  by  the  postmaster-general.  But  that  is 
the  pleasure  ground  of  the  world.  People  are  there  for  pleasure.  They 
have  nothing  else  to  do.  A  great  number  of  people  are  always  travel- 
ing over  there  during  the  summer  season,  over  Switzerland,  Belgium. 
Great  Britain,  and  I<>ance.  They  have  friends  in  different  sections  ana 
they  do  a  vast  amount  of  social  telegraphing  that  they  would  not  do  at 
home,  because  they  have  nothing  else  to  do.  That  is  the  reason  of  the 
largely  increased  social  telegraphing  abroad. 

The  Chairman.  What  is  it  in  this  country  t 

Mr.  Green.  I  do  not  think  it  is  more  than  5  or  6  per  cent,  of  the  whole. 

The  Chairmak.  In  some  of  the  countries  of  Europe  it  is  stated  to  be 
from  55  to  60  per  cent,  of  the  whole. 

Mr.  Green.  No  ;  it  cannot  be  that  much ;  it  is  less. 

The  Chairman.  That  is  what  is  reported. 

Mr.  Green.  They  must  be  very  slow  in  their  business.  About  80 
per  cent  of  our  business  is  strictly  commercial.  It  is  a  very  exacting 
business,  and  does  not  care  so  much  about  rates  as  it  does  about  quick 
service.  Any  postal  service  that  made  deliveries  in  the  usual  method 
of  delivering  letters  would  not  meet  the  requirements  at  all,  and  t^ere 
vould  be  an  immense  amount  of  cuss- words  used. 


22  STATEMENT   OF   KORYIH   GHEEV. 

The  CHATBMATf.  I  do  not  think  anybody  would  expect  that  class  ci 
service  as  is  now  employed  in  delivering  letters  if  the  Oovemment 
shoold  assome  the  telegn^h. 

Mr.  Grebn.  It  is  a  dass  of  service  that  requires  to  be  met.  Oar  peo- 
ple are  a  fast  people  Mid  they  want  things  done  qaickly.  We  have  con- 
nected the  Produce  Exchange  in  New  Yc^k  with  the  Board  of  Trade  in 
Chica^y  and  we  are  doing  about  600  messages  a  day.  The  time  is  ab- 
solutely at  an  average  under  a  minute.  It  is  open  every  day.  The 
business  x>eople  send  their  messages  at  the  counter  and  get  their  an- 
swers before  they  leave  the  counter.  That  is  a  class  of  business  that  is 
done  very  cheaply,  because  there  is  no  delivery,  no  booking,  no  regis- 
tration. The  message  is  handed  in  in  pencil,  and  the  answer  is  handed 
back  in  pencil  at  the  counter.  We  trust  our  clerks  and  keep  no  copies, 
in  order  that  they  may  do  that  business  rapidly. 

The  Chairman.  I  want  to  ask  you  some  questions  in  regard  to  the 
statement  you  made — ^which  I  must  say  was  a  very  extraordmary  state- 
ment— in  regard  to  rates.  Would  you  prefer  to  finish  your  remarks 
nowt 

Mr.  Obeen.  No;  I  wiU  hear  your  questions  now. 

Hie  Chairman.  I  have  been  seeking  information  as  to  rates.  Do  yon 
regard  the  paper  published  at  Berne,  called  the  Journal  Tdegraphique, 
as  ftimishing  reliable  information  on  that  subject  t 

Mr.  Oreen.  I  presume  it  is  reliable;  I  do  not  know. 

The  Chairman.  It  is  official  and  is  supposed  to  be  a  strictly  reliable 
authority.    What  do  yon  understand  the  rate  to  be  in  Switzerlimdt 

Mr.  Green.  I  really  do  not  know.  Switzerkmd  is  a  very  small  coun- 
try, and  I  have  had  no  means  of  gaining  that  information. 

The  Chairman.  Ten  cents  for  twenty  words.  What  is  it  in  Belgium  f 
The  same. 

Mr.  Green.  In  France  and  Germany  it  is  about  the  same  as  in  Eng- 
land. 

The  Chairman.  In  Germany  it  is  a  cent  and  a  quarter  a  word.  In 
France  it  is  one  franc  for  twenty  words.  I  would  like  to  know  on  what 
^ou  base  the  statement  that  you  have  made,  that  we  have  a  cheaper  serv- 
ice in  this  country  than  in  Europe.  I  have  very  carefully  gone  over  the 
flffures  in  this  paper,  the  Journal  Telegraphiqne,  and  I  find  the  average 
of  all  the  internal  messages  sent  last  year  in  Europe  was  27  cents  for 
twenty  words.    That  refers  to  the  whole  of  Europe. 

Senator  Maxet.  I  live  about  1,600  miles  from  here,  in  Texas.  Ac- 
cording to  the  rates  in  Europe,  how  much  would  it  cost  to  send  a  mes- 
sage from  here  to  my  place  of  residence  f  Of  course  it  would  have  to 
pass  through  several  countries  in  going  that  distance  in  Europe. 

Mr.  Green.  The  united  rates  would  be  more  than  ours.  I  do  not 
think  you  could  send  it  for  less  than  $2  or  $3. 

Mr.  Lines.  Can  you  not  send  a  message  from  France  to  Algiers,  2,000 
miles,  for  20  cents  t 

Mr.  Green.  That  may  be.  I  will  take  your  average,  Mr.  Chairman, 
of  27  cents  for  internal  messages  in  those  countries ;  at  the  same  rate  in 
a  country  covering  an  area  east  and  west  of  4,500  miles  tlie  rate  would 
be  about  35  cents. 

The  Chairman.  That  does  not  agree  with  your  annual  report; 
40,000,000  messages  at  a  total  amount  of  $19,000,000. 

Mr.  Green.  If  you  will  look  at  Mr.  Hubbard's  article  in  the  North 
American  Beview  you  will  see  that  matter  explained,  you  will  see  that 
he  publishes  a  note.  My  annual  report  covers  cable  messages  and  so 
fprch,  to  the  amount  of  $400,000  received  for  Atlantic  cable  messages 


STATEMENT   OF   NORVIN   QREEN.  23 

and  some  $300,000  for  Gaba  cable  messages.  It  is  not  all  for  land  mes- 
sages. To  divide  the  aggregate  receipts  by  the  aggregate  number  of 
messages  would  be  a  very  onfair  way  of  ascertaining  the  average  rate  per 
message.  Mr.  Hnbbard  saw  that  point  and  wrote  me  abont  it,  and  I 
wrote  him  an  answer  which  he  inserted  in  his  article,  and  which  was  a 
fair  statement  of  the  case,  showing  an  average  really  of  abont  35  cents. 

Mr.  HUBBABD.  Thirty-eight  cents.  In  that  estimate  yon  over-esti- 
mated the  number  of  messages. 

Mr.  Obeen.  We  do  not  count  our  messages  as  they  do.  They  count 
every  message  traveling  through  the  country,  although  it  may  go 
through  three  or  four  countries.  So  that,  taking  Europe  as  a  whole, 
some  messages  are  counted  three  or  four  times.  We  count  the  messages 
sent.  We  count  30  words  to  the  press  as  a  message,  and  we  count  only 
the  number  of  press  messages  sent,  whereas  we  deliver  three  or  four 
times  that  much.  For  instance,  we  send  about  5,200,000  messages  of 
press  sent :  but  the  amount  delivered  is  605,474,000  words.  That  di- 
vided by  30  makes  over  20,000,000  messages  delivered.  I  think  Mr. 
Hubbard,  in  his  article,  said  that  we  got  nearly  as  much  for  press  as 
we  do  for  commercial  messages.  That  is  because  of  the  same  fact. 
We  send  5,200,000  words  of  pi*e«s  sent;  200,000  messages  of  30  words 
to- the  message,  and  we  got  $1,800,000  for  it,  so  that  we  got  about  20 
cents  per  message  of  30  words  sent.  But  those  messages  were  de- 
livered and  charged  five  or  six  times.  For  instance,  we  count  reports 
sent  to  New  Orleans  with  22  drops ;  we  do  not  count  the  drops  at  all, 
but  we  charge  for  those  drops.  Our  press  service  is  cheaper  on  the 
average  than  in  Great  Britain ;  I  do  not  know  how  it  is  elsewhere.  I 
have  this  examination  of  Mr.  Somerville ;  he  has  given  very  careful 
attention  to  the  subject.  The  average  rate  to  each  paper  served  in  the 
associated  press  combinations  in  18^  will  not  be  over  6^  cents  per  hun- 
dred words. 

In  Great  Britain  the  charge  is  a  shilling  for  75  words  in  the  daytime 
and  for  100  words  at  night  Then  they  charge  a  half  cent  a  word  for 
any  additional  deliveries  in  the  same  place.  We  charge  the  New  York 
Associated  Press  about  2J  cents  a  word  firom  New  York  to  New  Orleans, 
and  one-eighth  of  a  cent  for  each  drop.  So  that  they  get  1,500  words 
a  day  for  about  $1.87^  at  each  of  those  places  without  respect  to  the 
number  of  papers  that  use  it.  We  make  no  distinction  as  to  that ;  it 
may  be  one  or  two  or  three  papers.  We  do  not  sell  it  to  the  news- 
papers; we  do  not  deal  with  the  newspapers.  We  deal  with  the  Associ- 
ated Press  and  they  sell  it  to  the  papers. 

While  on  that  subject  I  want  to  say  that  I  see  that  some  resolution 
has  been  introduced  in  respect  to  our  relations  with  the  press.  I  am 
ready  to  supply  the  committee  with  our  contract  with  the  New  York 
Associated  Press  or  any  other  association.  One  stipulation  in  it  covers 
the  whole  thing — ^that  we  shall  not  contract  with  any  other  company  at 
any  cheaper  rate  than  we  afford  them  without  giving  them  the  benefit 
of  the  reduction. 

Senator  Saxjlsbuby.  ''The  most  favored  nation"  clause f 

Mr.  Gbeen.  Yes.  We  are  perfectly  at  liberty  to  give  everybody  and 
anybody  the  same  rate  for  the  same  service.  But  it  is  perfectly  mani- 
fest that  the  papers  can  get  a  cheaper  service  by  combination  than  they 
can  by  taking  single  reports.  Someof  the  papers  raid  against  us  because 
we  do  not  give  them  the  news  of  the  day  at  the  same  price  their  neigh- 
bor gets  it,  when  the  neighbor  has  a  contract  with  the  Associated  Press 
for  <&ops,  and  we  have  no  more  right  of  property  in  that  news  than  we 
have  in  anybody's  private  message.    We  cannot  transmit  a  single  re* 


24  STATEMENT   OF   KORVIV   QBEEH. 

port  to  tbat  place  for  the  same  price  that  we  get  for  a  drop  copy  of  a 
report  that  is  going  through* 

Senator  Wilson.  Ton.  say  that  yoa  can  snpply  the  committee  with  a 
copy  of  the  contract  between  yoor  company  and  the  Associated  Press  t 

Bir.  Obeen.  Very  cheerftdly. 

Senator  Wilson.  We  would  be  very  glad  to  have  it. 

Mr.  Green.  Onr  last  contract  with  the  Associated  Press  was  made 
perhaps  a  little  less  than  a  year  aga  It  was  a  joint  contract  with  the 
New  York  and  the  Western  Associated  Press.  Yoa  will  remember  that 
they  got  into  a  row  a  little  over  a  year  ago,  and  the  Western  Associated 
Press  established  an  office  in  New  York  and  got  their  own  foreign  news. 
After  a  while  they  settled  the  difficulty  by  making  a  joint  contract  with 
us.  That  I  will  send  yoa  at  any  time.  We  have  also  made  a  recent  con- 
tract with  the  opposition  press,  the  United  Press  Association. 

Senator  Wilson.  Have  yoa  more  than  one  press  contract! 

Mr.  Green.  Oh,  yes;  we  have  a  contract  with  the  New  York  State 
Press  which  has  been  modified  from  time  to  time  by  correspondence  and 
vrbael  concessions,  bat  it  has  been  in  existence  some  seven  or  eight  years. 

Senator  Wilson.  Will  it  be  convenient  for  yoa  to  famish  the  com- 
mittee with  that  contract! 

Mr.  Green.  We  will  fdmish  all  of  them. 

The  Chairman.  Referring  again  to  the  snbject  of  rates,  they  have 
in  Earope  a  system  of  charging  for  messages  which  pass  throagh  a 
country  from  one  coantry  to  another;  they  charge  something  for  tiiose 
messages  in  the  coantry  throagh  which  they  pass. 

Mr.  Green.  Tbey  charge  for  all  those  interstate  messages. 

The  Chairman.  Not  only  in  the  countries  where  they  are  sent  and 
received^  but  in  any  coantry  that  they  pass  throagh. 

Mr.  Green.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  And  they  charge  in  some  cases  very  high  rates  be- 
tween one  country  and  another.  Notwithstanding  that  foct,  take  the 
whole  of  Earope,  and  allowing  for  all  these  extra  charges  and  extra 
high  rates,  the  average  cost  of  all  the  messages  sent  in  Earope  last  year 
was  only  31  cents. 

Mr.  Green.  Take  any  section  of  our  coantry  of  like  area,  New  Eng- 
land for  instance 

The  Chairman.  The  area  of  Earope  is  larger  than  the  whole  United 
States. 

Mr.  Green.  That  is  the  average  to  each  particular  country.  That  is 
not  the  average  for  the  whole  of  Europe. 

The  Chairman.  It  includes  both  national  and  international  messages 
over  the  whole  of  Europe. 

Mr.  Green.  I  understand  that  is  the  average  of  each  particular 
country.  Take  an  area  of  the  same  size  in  this  country  and  our  aver- 
age would  be  less  than  that.. 

The  Chairman.  You  do  not  understand  me.  In  all  the  countries  of 
Europe  last  year  a  certain  amount  was  received  for  internal  and  inter- 
national message,  and  taking  the  total  number  of  messages  sent  and 
the  total  amount  received,  and  it  shows  that  the  average  cost  of  all  the 
messages  sent  in  Europe  was  31  cents. 

Mr.  Green.  That  does  not  alter  the  case.  Each  particular  country 
has  set  down  the  message  that  passed  through  as  a  message ;  the  next 
country  has  set  it  down  as  another  message,  and  the  next  country  as 
another  message.    It  is  impossible  to  trace  those  messages. 

The  Chairman.  I  base  ray  figures  wholly  on  the  number  of  messages 
sent;  not  transmitted,  but  the  number  actually  sent.    How  you  can 


STATEMENT   OF   NORYIK   GREEN.  25 

make  the  broad  statement  that  we  have  a  cheaper  system  here  than  in 
Europe,  when  in  France  we  can  send  20  words  for  20  cents,  and  in  sev- 
eral of  the  countries  of  Europe  for  a  half  cent  a  word,  is  what  I  cannot 
understand,  and  I  would  like  to  have  further  information  on  that  sub- 
ject. The  figures  seem  to  show  that  our  rates  are  much  higher  than  in 
Europe. 

Mr.  Gbeen.  Tou  are  very  much  mistaken  about  any  such  figures. 
However,  when  you  understand  that  we  pay  more  than  twice  as  much 
to  our  operators  as  they  do,  when  we  pay  more  than  twice  as  much  for 
office  men  as  they  do,  that  lalK)r  in  the  construction  of  lines  is  very 
much  higher,  and  that  material,  except  as  to  wood  and  coal,  is  higher, 
there  is  every  reason  why  it  should  be  higher  here.  But  I  believe  it 
has  been  noted  by  everybody  who  has  traveled  in  Europe  that  we  do 
very  much  better  service  than  they  do,  botfy  as  to  speed  and  accuracy. 

Senator  Palmeb.  I  would  like  to  have  the  comparative  rates  between 
Montreal  and  Chicago,  and  New  York  and  Chicago.  At  Montreal  I 
think  they  have  the  Imperial  telegraph — I  do  not  know  the  name  of  the 
company. 

Mr.  Green.  The  uniform  rate  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada  is  25 cents; 
the  rate  between  Montreal  and  Chicago  is  about  the  same  as  the  rate 
from  New  York  to  Chicago. 

Senator  Palmer.  From  Montreal  to  Detroit  it  is  the  same,  is  it  t 

Mr.  Green.  I  do  not  remember  as  to  Detroit ;  I  do  not  know  that  it 
is  the  same.  It  is  25  cents  for  the  Canada  company,  and  something  for 
ours. 

There  is  another  make-weight  on  this  subject  of  Government  tele- 
graphs to  which  I  desire  to  make  reference,  and  that  is  the  pr^udice 
that  has  grown  up  in  the  country  against  large  corporations,  the  mass 
of  accumulated  wealth,  and  there  has  come  to  be  a  good  deal  of  feeling 
on  that  subject,  and  a  good  deal  of  a  certain  kind  of  legislation.  State 
and  National.  I  assume  that  one  telegraph  system  can  do  the  business 
of  this  country  cheaper  than  three  or  four.  I  do  not  blame  people  for 
encouraging  opposition,  but  the  fact  is  that  the  more  opposition  Unes 
you  make,  Uie  more  cost  is  attached  to  doing  the  business  of  the  country. 
The  reason  we  have  been  enabled  to  pay  higher  prices  than  the  actual 
cost  of  these  opposition  lines  is  that  they  were  worth  more  to  us  than 
to  the  opposition.  We  could  take  their  wires  into  our  offices,  save  their 
office  rent  and  about  one  third  of  their  expenses,  if  not  habf,  and  take 
all  their  business,  and  do  it  at  a  profit,  while  they  did  it  at  a  loss. 
Undoubtedly,  if  one  system  can  do  all  the  business  with  one  set  of  of- 
fices and  one  set  of  officers,  and  only  a  little  increase  in  the  number  of 
operators,  they  can  certainly  do  it  at  a  cheaper  rate  than  competing 
systems  auplicating  the  expense  for  the  same  amount  of  business.  And 
that  is  what  has  resulted,  that  the  rate  has  been  made  cheaper  by  all 
these  consolidations.  We  have  made  a  steady  and  conservative  reduc- 
tion of  rates,  and  have  recently  made  a  reduction  in  the  preparation  of 
our  new  tariff  books  which  will  go  out  on  the  1st  of  March,  that  makes 
our  maximum  rate  $1.  for  which  we  send  4,500  miles.  There  is  no 
country  that  I  know  or  in  the  world  now  where  you  can  send  that  dis- 
tance for  $1.  We  send  from  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  to  Washington 
Territory,  for  $1 . 

The  Chairman.  The  rate  is  $1  for  distances  under  2,000  miles,  is  it 
notf 

Mr.  Green.  No,  sir ;  I  think  not  Our  rate  is  75  cents  east  of  the 
Bocky  Mountains.    1  suppose  it  would  be  $1  for  2,000  miles  to  Texas. 


26  STATEBCENT   OF   NORYIN   GREEN. 

The  Chaibhan.  Why  should  that  rate  be  paid  in  the  United  States 
when  messages  can  be  sent  fh>m  France  to  Algiers  for  20  cents  f 
Mr.  Obeen.  Becaose  they  nndoabtedly  do  it  at  a  loss,  although  they 

fet  very  cheap  labor.  I  think  they  mast  do  it  at  a  great  loss  at  that 
'he  carefnl  analysis  of  our  bosinessin  my  letter  to  Mr.  Habbard  shows 
the  cost  to  be  about  what  t 

Mr.  HuBBASD.  Twenty-three  cents  you  make  it. 

Mr.  Gbeen.  The  average  cost  per  message  is  23  cents.  I  believe, 
with  the  salaries  we  pay,  the  exactions  of  the  business,  and  the  prompt 
service  we  render,  it  costs  us  a  great  deal  more,  because  if  we  had  the 
whole  twenty -four  hours  we  could  do  it  cheaper,  instead  of  having  to 
crowd  it  into  three  or  four  business  hours  of  the  day.  That  makes  it 
exx>ensive.  Deliveries  have  to  be  promptly  made.  We  cannot  wait  for 
circuit  messengers  to  make«deliveries,  but  the  messenger  must  go  im- 
mediately when  we  get  a  message.  With  that  character  of  service  I  be- 
lieve that  whenever  a  message  goes  beyond  one  circuit  and  is  relayed  it 
cannot  be  done  for  25  cents  except  at  a  loss  to  the  company  or  to  the 
government  that  does  it. 

Mr.  Lines.  1  see  it  stated  in  the  Journal  Telegraphique  that  the  re- 
ceipts of  the  t^rench  administration  last  year  were  something  over 
26,000,000  francs,  and  current  expenses  17,000,000  francs;  leaving  a 
profit  of  about  9,000,000  francs.  There  were  21,000,000  messages.  They 
give  also  here  in  this  Journal  Telegraphique  your  statistics,  which  I 
presume  were  famished  them  by  your  company :  40,581,177  messages, 
at  a  cost  of  97,274,510  francs,  a  little  over  2  francs  to  the  message. 

Mr.  Obeen.  That  may  be  so.  They  might  make  a  profit  on  their 
business,  but  you  could  not  expect  them  to  send  a  message  2,000  mUes 
for  20  cents  except  at  a  loss.  A  uniform  rate  of  25  cents  for  the  United 
States  would  probaly  make  a  profit  at  some  places,  but  it  would  make 
a  big  loss  for  long-distance  messages.  A  message  from  New  York  to 
San  Francisco  has  to  be  relayed  three  or  four  times.  We  can  some- 
times send  it  throagh  automatic  repeaters,  but  each  of  those  requires 
cme  operator  instead  of  two.  If  it  is  absolutely  relayed  it  requires  one 
to  take  it  and  another  to  send  it.  But  if  it  passes  through  an  automatic 
repeater  it  requires  one  to  have  charge  of  the  repeater  instead  of  two. 

But  I  wanted  to  say  a  word  about  the  prejadice  that  has  grown  ap 
in  regard  to  the  accumulation  of  wealth.  I  have  begun  by  saying  that 
a  successful  telegraph  company  in  this  coantry  must  be  a  large  one. 
The  business  is  tetter  done  by  a  large  company,  better  handled  by  unifi- 
cation, with  prompter  service  and  can  be  cheaper  done.  But  in  respect 
to  individual  wealth,  there  is  a  great  deal  of  prejudice  which  I  think  it 
is  well  for  us  to  look  at.  I  remember  that  after  I  was  a  man  grown 
there  was  not  a  man  in  the  United  States  worth  a  mUlion  dollars.  John 
Jacob  Astor  and  Stephen  Girard  were  supposed  to  be  worth  $800,000, 
and  nobody  in  the  country  would  believe  it. 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  What  year  was  that  f 

Mr.  Obeen.  Going  back  to  about  1838. 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  My  grandfather  died  in  1832,  and  he  left  (3,000,000. 

Mr.  Gbeen.  I  did  not  know  him.  I  know  that  when  it  was  stated 
that  Girard  and  Astor  were  worth  $1,000,000  nobody  would  believe  it, 
and  now  I  suppose  there  are  five  thousand  men  iu  New  York  who  are 
worth  $1,000,000,  and  I  suppose  there  are  five  hundred  or  several  hun- 
dred worth  over  $10,000,000.  That  is  thought  to  be  threatening  oor 
liberties.  Perhaps  too  much  accumulation  of  capital  in  one  man  would 
be  somewhat  threatening,  but  on  the  other  hand  there  is  a  great  ben- 
efit to  the  country  in  it.    I  became  satisfied  that  the  great  power  of  Eng- 


STATEMENT  OF  NORVIN  GREEN.  27 

land  consiflted  in  the  wealth  of  her  citizens.  Whilst  I  was  over  there 
the  chancellor  of  the  exchequer  had  an  examination  made  as  to  the  in- 
coming revenue  on  British  capitsd  invested  in  other  countries — what 
was  bandied  about  in  the  papers  as  the  ^^  unearned  increment."  It 
was  ascertained  that  about  £160,000,000  sterling  per  annum  was  re- 
ceived in  Great  Britain  in  that  way/  equivalent  to  $800,000,000  of  our 
money ;  $120,000,000  of  that  came  from  the  United  States.  They 
held  about  $2,000,000,000  of  our  securities,  and  we  are  paying  them 
$120,000,000  per  annum  on  interest  account.  We  are  paying  about 
$70,000,000  or  $75,000,000  by  the  balance  of  trade  in  our  favor,  some- 
thing more  in  the  profits  on  our  exports.  The  balance  is  eked  out  by 
new  and  additional  loans.  Of  course  if  that  were  to  go  on  as  it  has  been 
in  the  past  years,  it  would  be  very  disastrous  to  this  country  sooner  or 
later,  because  there  must  come  a  settlement  day.  The  panic  of  1873 
grew  out  of  the  large  borrowing  of  1872,  the  importations  of  1872  and 
the  exportation  of  about  $240,000,000  of  gold  that  year.  That  laid  the 
foundation  for  the  panic  of  1873. 

What  have  we  done  last  year  t  We  have  built  over  10,000  miles  of 
railroad,  costing  in  the  neighborhood  of  $30,000,000.  We  have  not  bor- 
rowed $5,000,0(X)  on  the  other  side.  The  bonds  have  been  taken  in  thia 
country.  We  have  been  building  from  7,000  to  9,000  miles  of  railroad 
per  year  for  the  last  ten  or  twelve  years,  and  we  have  been  steadily  re- 
ducing the  amount  of  requirements  from  abroad.  The  accumulated 
capital  of  this  country  is  taking  our  securities  to  make  our  improve- 
ments. We  have  not  done  a  bad  business  to  make  this  debt.  We  have 
benefited  our  country  and  made  it  rich,  and  we  are  now  beginning  to  reap 
the  harvest.  Most  of  these  railroads  were  built,  as  you  are  aware,  at 
least  ten  years  in  advance  of  their  needs,  and  did  not  pay  anything 
for  a  long  timd.  One  of  our  wealthy  citizens,  Mr.  Yanderbilt,  takea 
$60,000,000  of  Oovemment  bonds  in  one  batch  and  locks  them  up  in  his 
safe.  That  is  saved  to  this  country' — saved  from  going  abroad.  Of 
course  it  would  be  more  conservative  to  the  country  if  this  increased 
wealth  was  more  evenly  distributed,  but  it  is  of  vast  advantage.  There 
is  more  business  done  in  a  week  now  than  could  be  done  in  months  be- 
fore the  days  of  telegraphs  and  railroads.  My  father  had  to  come  to- 
Philadelphia  from  the  West  in  a  stage-coach  over  the  mountains  to  buy 
goods,  and  it  took  six  weeks  to  make  the  journey.  Ton  could  not  do  tho 
amount  of  business  then  in  five  or  six  months  that  can  be  done  now  in  a 
week  or  a  day  by  the  use  of  railroads  and  telegraphs. 

The  rapid  accumulation  of  wealth  is  because  of  the  rapidity  of  our 
transactions,  and  that  our  community  may  continue  to  increase  and  grow 
in  wealth  should  be  the  interest,  the  prayer,  and  the  fostering  care  Of 
every  legislative  department.  Of  course  too  large  a  share  of  that  falls 
into  the  hands  of  three  or  four  men.  We  cannot  help  that.  Their  su- 
perior shrewdness  and  sagacity  enabled  them  to  accumulate  it,  and  wo 
cannot  avoid  it  very  well.  But  still  the  accumulation  of  wealth  in  the 
country  is  giving  great  additional  strength  to  the  country. 

I  would  like  to  say  a  few  words  on  the  capitalization  of  the  company,, 
but  the  time  will  not  allow  it,  and  I  have  not  thought  that  that  neces- 
sarily entered  into  the  case.  One  thing  I  may  say,  however,  and  that 
is,  that  the  capitalization  of  the  company  has  nothing  whatever  to  do- 
with  its  rates.  If  you  do  not  make  any  profit,  it  does  not  matter^what 
your  capital  is.  Ton  have  got  to  make  your  expenses  first.  The  ratea 
are  predicated  oh  the  cost  of  the  service. 

The  Chairman.  Your  profits  last  year  were  about  $8,000,000. 

Mr.  Obebn .  A  littie  over  $7,000,000 ;  but  they  were  not  all  fron» 


28  STATEMENT  OF  NOEYIN  GBEEN. 

telegraph  bnrineea,  or  sach  bostnesB  as  the  Gtovemment  would  proba- 
bly waDt  to  take  hcfld  ofl 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  I  would  like  to  say  one  word  beforeDr.  Green  leaves. 
If  the  committee  will  allow  me  some  time  I  wish  to  take  np  this  propo- 
sition of  Dr.  Green's,  and  endeavor  as  &r  I  can  to  controvert  it.  He 
says  unless  something  is  defective  in  the  service,  there  is  no  reason  for 
€k>vemment  interference.  I  shall  undertake  to  show  thst  there  is 
something  defective  in  the  Western  Union  service,  and  that  will  be 
mainly  that  their  i^tes  are  excessively  high ;  or,  in  other  words,  that 
if  they  had  a  rate  not  exceeding  60  cents  for  the  whole  country — and  I 
believe  I  can  prove  it  as  clearly  as  I  can  prove  any  mathematical  dem- 
onstration— ^they  would  make  more  money  for  themselves  uid  serve 
the  country  better  than  they  can  at  their  present  rates.  And  secondly, 
that  that  company  cannot  serve  ttie  country  when  it  is  allowed  to  cap- 
italize as  fast  as  it  has  without  reference  to  the  value  of  the  property 
capitalized. 

Mr.  Oeeen.  In  answer  to  that,  I  want  to  say  that  there  has  been  no 
watering  of  stock,  no  capitalization  without  substantial  cause  since 
1866.  I  have  shown  that  If  they  paid  pretty  high  prices  for  some  <rf 
the  properties  it  was  no  more  than  they  were  wor^ 


ARGUMENT 


HOH.  WnUAK  M.  BVAST8,  OH  BEHALF  OF  THE  WE8IEBH  UHIOH 

TELEGRAPH  COMPAHT. 


Januaby  17, 1884. 

Hod.  Williak  M.  Eyabts  appeared  before  the  oommittee  and  mad^ 
the  following  statement : 

Mb.  Ohaibman  akj>  Oentlembn.  When  the  management  of  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  desired  me  some  weeks  ago  to  give 
some  attention  to  the  matter  pending  here  and  to  undertake  some 
presentation  of  the  interests,  wishes,  and  rights  of  existing  telegraph 
companies,  I  felt  that  in  some  respects  the  office  was  one  that  might 
well  be  declined.  I  have  never  taken  part  in  those  views  so  common. 
I  think,  with  onr  countrymen,  of  supposing  that  persons  not  engagea 
in  the  management  of  public  affiurs  are  much  wiser  and  more  trust- 
worthy in  d^ding  with  them  than  those  that  are :  and  I  was  perfectly 
aware  that  on  tins  committee  were  found  not  only  experienced  public 
men  but  distinguished  and  competent  lawyers,  who  might  well  give,  of 
iheii  own  attention,  such  a  disposition  of  the  legal  questions  as  ought 
to  be  satisfactory.  Still,  it  is  always  satisfoctory  to  parties  having  large 
interests  to  feel  that  they  at  least  have  been  heard  in  such  manner  and 
by  such  representation  as  seems  to  themselves  useftd. 

I  have  read  with  attention  the  presentation  made  by  Dr.  Green.  I 
have  read  also  the  interesting  and  candid  view  presented  by  Mr.  Hub- 
bard through  the  press,  not  so  much  in  contradiction  to,  as  in  modifi- 
cation of,  some  of  the  views  regarding  facts  which  are  held  by  ttaA 
Western  Union  Company;  and  I  shall  endeavor  to  abstain  as  much  as 
possible  from  any  recurrence  to  the  topics  that  have  been  thus  fully 
presented  before  you,  and  which  are  accessible  to  yon  for  reconsidera- 
tion in  their  printed  form. 

2P 


30  AROUHEKT   OF  WILLIAM  M.   EYARTS. 

I  suppose  that  there  are  three  considerations  which  have  brought  np, 
with  some  degree  of  intensity  if  not  of  animosityy  this  subject  in  refer- 
ence to  the  western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  One  of  tiie  principal 
points  is,  no  doubt  in  the  popular  estimate,  in  the  public  discussions, 
perhaps  in  the  views  of  public  men — and  perhaps  they  are  shared  by 
members  of  Congress  and  by  members'of  tMs  committee— what  is  sup- 
posed to  be  their  exaggerated  capital ;  that  it  consists  in  great  part  of 
what  may  be  fieurly  considered,  in  short— for  it  is  perfectly  well  under- 
stood— watered  stock.  From  having  conducted  in  the  higher  courts  of 
New  York  the  late  litigation  pursued  against  them  with  great  bitter- 
ness by  certain  stockholders  who  daiml^  that  the  transaction  of  1881 
was  an  unjustifiable  exaggeration  of  stock,  an  issue  of  stock  without 
value,  I  am  able  to  give,  what  I  think  will  not  be  controverted,  a  cor- 
rect statement  upon  that  subject. 

Standing  at  $41,000,000  in  1881,  as  the  measure  of  their  paid-up  stock, 
this  company  undertook  to  buy  out  two  great  important  telegraph  cor- 
porations. They  were  rivals  without  l^nefit  to  the  public,  that,  ac- 
cording to  any  policy  adopted  by  the  Western  Union,  exemplified  since 
their  purchase,  could  not  be  considered  as  carrying  any  advantage  to 
the  public  whether  or  no  they  were,  bs  sometimes  railroad  proi>^- 
ties  are,  brought  into  existence,  not  for  additional  public  service,  but 
for  sale^  for  coercion  upon  established  rights  and  interests  that  are  in- 
vaded, IS  quite  immaterial.  The  working  of  affaurs  was  not  for  the  ben- 
efit of  the  public.  The  Western  Union,  having  a  right,  by  law  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  to  purchase  the  properties  of  other  telegraph  com- 
panies without  stint  and  to  pay  for  them  in  its  stock,  undertook  the 
purchase  of  those  two  companies,  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  the  Amer- 
ican Union.  They  agreed,  as  otner  parties  on  contracts  do  agree,  upon 
what  it  was  worth  while  for  the  Western  Union  to  pay,  and  what  was  the 
measure  upon  whic^  these  companies  would  sell  these  properties.  They 
were  properties ;  they  were  lawful  properties,  and  the  owners  had  a  right 
to  their  own  opinions  as  to  what  they  were  worth ;  they  were  properties 
"which,  if  to  be  acquired,  were  to  be  acquired  from  a  motive  of  profit 
and  advantage  to  tiie  buyer ;  and  he  had  before  him  always  the  question 
of  how  much  it  wa«  worth  his  while  to  pay.  The  elements  of  that  con- 
tract were  perfectly  open  and  lawftd.  Certain  prices  were  fixed  which  in- 
volved a  payment  in  the  stock  of  the  Western  Union,  t^  the  two,  of 
something  like  $23,000,000.  These  complies  would  take  ho  less.  The 
Western  Union  thought  they  were  worth  acquisition  at  tliat  priee. 

There  came  up,  connected  with  this,  a  question  of  the  increase  of  their 
own  stock — a  question  that  need  not  have  come  up,  but  for  the  fact 
that  they  were  acquiring  these  additional  properties  and  issuing  stock 
of  their  company  that  made  the  sellers  participants  in  the  property  and 
the  profits  of  the  Western  Union  Company  at  a  certain  ratio  to  the  pre- 
vious stock.  The  Western  Union  Company  had  pursued  the  policy, 
not  of  dividing  all  its  profits,  which  by  law  it  was  entitled  to  do^  not  of 
dividing  all  its  profits  and  then  issuing  new  stock  for  cash,  getting  the 
means  of  enlarging  its  plant  and  its  investment;  or,  in  the  cdtemative, 
not  borrowing  money  on  bonds  or  debt^  and  leaving  that  a  fixed  charge 
upon  the  property,  but  of  using  the  surplus  cash  receipts  beyond  a  Bsie 
dividend  themselves,  investing  it  in  new  properties  which  bec^une  a  part 
of  the  capital  investment  in  one  sense  (that  is,  they  were  an  enlarged 
area  for  the  earning  of  dividends),  but  they  were  not  an  enlarged  capital 
for  the  protection  of  creditors  or  in  any  other  sense. 


AfiGUMENl^  OF  WILLIAM  M.   EYAKTS.  81 

CotemporaDOoasly  with  this  porohase  of  $23,000,000  to  be  paid  for  in 
their  stock,  the  question  came  up  for  the  proper  disposition  of  the  mat- 
ter—what shall  we  do  with  our  old  stockholders  f  Is  this  $23,000,000, 
if  we  pay  them,  to  be  $23,000,000  to  comport  with  $41,000,000,  and  so 
be  $23,000,000  out  of  $64,000,000  f  Or,  shall  we  take  now  the  property 
which  we  have  acquired  by  using  cash  that  might  have  been  distributed 
as  dividends  in  the  purchase  of  property,  which  property  we  now  have, 
which  propcorty  we  have  kept  up  as  part  of  the  plant  before  we  made 
new  dividends,  and  which  property  now  measures  in  a  surplus  value 
saved  fix>m  dividends  and  not  yet  added  to  capital,  to  the  amount  of 
$15,000,0001  Of  course,  gentlemen  see  that  this  element  was  to  be 
oonsidered  in  fixing  the  price  that  they  were  to  pay  for  these  other 
properties.  Were  they  to  pay  $23,000,000  out  of  $65,000,000  f  It  might 
be,  or  it  might  not  be ;  or  it  might  be  that  they  would  pay  $18,000,000 
out  of  $65,M0,000.  I  only  present  it  as  a  regular  and  solid  considera- 
tion for  proper  determination.  The  settlement  was  arrived  at:  ^^No, 
we  will  now  consolidate  in  a  full  capital  stock  the  property  rights 
of  our  stockholders  that  have  been  reserved  from  dividends,  that  we 
still  now  have  in  possession  in  value,  and  we  make  up  the  stock  of 
$80,000,000,  of  which  our  stockholders  have  this  issue  of  $15,000,000 
and  you  have  $23,000,000."  So  far  as  making  it  twenty-three  eightieths 
inst^id  of  twenty-three  sixty -fifths  is  concerned,  nobody  can  complain 
of  that  transaction  as  incompetent  or  against  any  policy. 

The  litigation  was  raised  in  this  way:  Although  our  laws  allowed 
the  purchase  of  other  property  and  the  issue  of  stock  for  it,  it  assumed 
it  was  on  the  basis  that  there  was  to  be  value  received.  It  was  not 
water.  It  was  only  the  measure  by  which  you  could  acquire  property 
that  you  were  to  pay  cash  for,  measured  in  cash,  paid  for  in  stock  in- 
stead. So,  too,  with  regfurd  to  the  increase  of  our  capital  stock.  We 
have,  by  genem  legislation — all  the  telegraph  companies  have— the 
power  of  increasing  their  stock  as  they  increase  their  property,  but 
only  on  the  increase  of  their  property;  and  this  increase  of  $15,000,000 
was  based  upon  the  idea  that  besides  their  firm  property  representing 
their  $41,000,000  capital,  they  had  $15,000,000  of  additional  <K>rporate 
telegraph  investmept  in  Unes,  the  same  as  the  $41,000,000;  not  that 
they  had  had,  not  that  tliere  had  been  t^is  asgregation  of  investments 
which  had  iM^Bsed  away  or  shrunk  or  been  depreciated,  but  that  t^ey 
had  been  kept  up  and  were  then  presently  in  tlieir  power.  The  litiga- 
tipn  was  raised  to  test  this  question  of  whether  tliese  aggregations  were 
supported  on  value. 

The  court  of  first  inquiry,  where  the  proofe  were  taken,  went  into  a 
thorough  investigation  by  which  these  bitter  litigants  sought  to  beat 
down  both  the  value  of  tiie  properties  that  we  acquired  by  purchase 
and  paid  for  in  stock,  and  to  b^t  down  or  disperse  this  idea  that  we 
have  solid  capital  that  might  have  been  distributed  in  cash  dividends 
and  was  uqw  in  hand.  The  result  of  those  inquiries,  through  long 
periods  of  examination,  brought  th^  court  to  the  determination  that 
these  properties  were  worth  what  we  paid  for  them  in  the  sense  in  which 
they,  as  properties,  were  offered  for  sale,  and  as  properties  were  desira- 
ble and  were  purchased  by  the  Western  Union.  They  then  found,  that 
as  matter  of  tactj  besides  its  intact  $41,000,000  capital  represented  by 
value  and  investment,  this  Western  Union  corporation  had  $15,000,000 
and  more— several  millions  more— which  was  a  substantial  basis  for 


32  AKGUMEKT   OF   WILLIAM   M.   EYABTg. 

now  issuing  stock  to  stockholders  who  had  been  deprived  of  it  as  cash 
dividends  which  they  were  entitled  to,  or  might  have  been  entitled  to 
at  the  will  of  the  direction.  On  that  point  the  litigation  was  severe, 
because  that  was  the  principal  element,  after  all,  which  incited  the  liti- 
gation and  stiniulated  it.  The  court  found,  as  matter  of  fact,  after  this 
inquiry,  that  that  was  so. 

Then  there  remained  an  important  question  of  law — whether,  the  &ct 
being  so,  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  which  allowed  an  increase 
of  capital  to  telegraph  companies,  allowed  such  an  increase  ui>on  any 
other  basis  than  a  cash  receipt  for  its  amount  at  the  time  it  was  issued. 
There  had  been  no  exact  adjudication  on  that  subject.  We  thought 
that  the  laws  of  the  State,  the  policy  of  the  State,  and  the  authorities, 
as  far  as  they  went.  Justified  the  issue.  And  we  came  to  the  court  of 
api)eals  to  discuss  and  46termine  that  question,  whether  it  being  on  the 
record  and  indisputable — indisputable  not  by  consent,  but  by  proof  tii 
invitum  in  adversum^  that  the  $15,000,000  was  in  hand — ^whether  that 
issue  of  stock  without  cash  receipts  was  prohibited  by  any  law.  The 
court  of  appeals  unanimously  determined,  not  that  stock  could  be  issued 
for  nothing,  but  that  stock  could  be  issued  to  stockholders  under  those 
circumstances  Just  as  well  as  it  could  have  been  issued  piecemeal  for 
the  cash  that  might  have  been  distributed  as  dividends,  but  was  not. 
Whether  right  or  wrong,  that  is  the  law  of  our  State.  It  is  the  law 
established  in  a  litigated  suit,  that  never  for  a  moment  partook  of  the 
least  quality  of  amicable  purpose,  and  by  a  court  as  important  and*  as 
valuable  in  our  State  as  any  final  court  of  appeals  that  weliave  ever 
had. 

Senator  Maxet.  Did  the  holders  of  the  $23,000,000  of  stock  and  of 
the  amount  of  $41,000,000  already  issued,  agree  to  this  increase  up  to 
$80,000,0001 

Mr.  BvABTS.  You  mean  the  vendors  of  the  property  f 

Senator  Maxet.  Yes. 

Mr.  EvABTS.  Yes,  sir;  they  did.  It  was  all  adjusted.  You  see  tJie 
importance  of  the  adjustment.  It  was  understood  that  they  got 
$23,000,000  out  of  $80,000,000. 

The  Ghaibhan.  Do  you  object  to  being  interrupted,  Mr.  Evarts,  or 
would  you  prefer  to  follow  the  line  of  your  argument  to  its  close  before 
being  in terrogatedt  ^ 

Mr.  EvABTS.  I  do  not  object  in  the  least  to  interruptions. 

The  Ghaibman.  Then  I  would  like  to  ask  one  question  now :  Whether 
the  purchase  of  the  American  Union  Gompany's  lines,  for  instance, 
which  you  have  described  as  a  legitimate  purchase  to  secure  the  prop- 
erty, was  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  die  facilities  of  the  Western 
Union  Gompany,  or  merely  for  the  purpose  of  getting  rid  of  a  rival 
company,  and  thus  maintaining  a  monopoly  t 

Mr.  EvABTS.  I  cannot  determine  that,  certainly  as  a  lawyer.  All  that 
I  can  say  about  that  is  what  I  have  already  said,  and  I  intended  to. 
measure  my  words — that  the  property  that  they  sold  was  a  lawful  prop- 
erty that  they  had  a  right,  like  everybody  else,  to  fix  their  price  upon. 
The  property  that  we  bought  was  a  property  that  we  had  a  right  to  se- 
cure— ^if  we  acted  in  good  faith  towards  our  stockholders,  of  course — 
upon  such  terms  as  made  it  useful  and  valuable  to  our  company  in  busi- 
ness, which  was  the  conducting  of  telegraph  business  for  pay  and  profit 
and  distribution  of  the  profits.  I  do  not  know  whether  we  would 
have  bought  more  property  if  we  could  have  gone  as  freely  and  securely 
in  the  management  of  our  business  without  the  property.  But  all  we 
can  say  about  it  is  what  Doctor  Green,  I  believe,  has  made  very  ap- 


ARGUMENT   OP   WILLIAM   M.    EVART8.  33 

parent,  that  the  conseqneDce  of  the  transaction  was  not  an  increase  bat 
a  redaction  of  rates.  So  that,  if  we  had  a  laadable  desire  to  magnify 
oar  corporation  and  enlarge  its  area  of  action  and  profits,  we  have  done 
all  this,  not  at  an  increase,  bat  a  dimination  of  the  pablic  hardens  of 
the  telegraph ;  and  we  have  done  it,  I  believe — althoagh  I  am  talking 
now  somewhat  oat  of  the  general  propositions  aboat  which  I  may  be 
sapposed  to  have  any  opinion  of  valae  to  anybody — in  a  way  that  has 
satisfied  the  public  not  only  that  the  rates  are  not  increased,  bat  that 
the  service  is  better  performed. 

The  Chairman.  It  mast  have  added  very  mach  to  the  cost  of  send- 
ing messages  by  this  company  to  add  to  the  amoant  of  their  capital 
that  which  they  pat  into  property  which  had  no  valae. 

Mr.  Eyarts.  It  increased,  if  the  chairman  will  allow  me,  the  area 
npon  which  they  were  to  make  dividends,  and  it  took  more  profits  to 
make  dividends  over  the  increased  stock  of  the  same  rate  than  it  did 
over  the  lesser  volame  of  stock.  Bat  otherwise,  so  far  as  operating 
apon  the  real  expense  of  conducting  the  telegraph  business  was  con- 
cerned, it  diminished  it  That,  I  think,  is  apparent  The  pertinency 
of  yonr  inqairy,  no  doabt,  shoald  be  recognized — whether  this  necessity 
of  making  an  apparent  dividend  of  the  same  amoant,  bat  over  a  larger 
area,  does  not  tend  to  prevent  a  corporation  from  reducing  rates  as 
rapidly  as  it  might.  Bat  that  the  people  mast  judge  of.  The  question 
is,  after  all,  whether  the  proper  maintenance  of  the  service,  so  far  as  the 
pablic  is  concerned,  is  properly  kept  up  and  at  reasonable  rates;  and, 
secondly,  whether  the  transactions  have  been  legitimate,  as  between 
buyer  and  seller,  by  persons  sui  juris  and  protected  by  the  laws  of  the 
land. 

.  The  Chairman.  I  would  like,  Mr.  Evarts,  to  have  you  state  mo^^e 
fully  the  basis  for  the  statement  that  it  did  result  in  cheapening  the 
rates,  and  what  reason  there  is  for  saying  that  if  competition  had  been 
maintained  the  rates  would  have  been  kept  higher. 

Mr.  Evarts.  I  do  not  say  that;  but  only  that  the  rates  after  this  ob- 
literation of  the  rivalry,  if  you  please,  were  not  increased,  not  whether, 
if  the  rivalry  had  persisted  and  resulted  in  a  cut-throat  competition, 
they  would  not  have  been  redpced.    That  was  my  purpose. 

Mr.  Gardner  G.  Hubbard.  I  believe  the  average  rate  has  been 
raised. 

Mr.  Evarts.  That  is  a  question  of  fact  which  I  shall  not  disturb. 

I  observe  that  by  some  of  the  questions  of  the  chairman,  who  has 
given  great  attention  to  the  matter,  and  of  other  gentlemen  of  the  com- 
mittee as  well,  addressed  to  Dr.  Green,  and  his  replies,  that  there  is  a 
difference  of  opinion  upon  this  question  of  fact,  and  Dr.  Green,  I  believe, 
undertook  to  exjjlore  the  matter  and  furnish  to  the  committee  more 
demonstration  on  the  subject  if  he  can  find  it.  But  I  do  not  speak  of 
thatK 

Then  another  incident  attracted  great  attention  to  this  aggregation 
of  control  over  what  is  undoubtedly  a  part  of  the  life-current  ot  the 
business  of  the  country,  in  a  most  important  sense  (telegraphic  com- 
munication), and  that  is  the  strike.  That  strike  we  have  no  occasion  to 
discuss  in  the  propriety  of  the  claims  of  the  employ(^s  or  of  the  resist- 
ant s.  Til  is  is  not  the  tribunal,  and  the  means  for  that  discussion  are 
not  here.  But  that  strike  unquestionjibly  attracted  Jitteution  as  a  situ- 
ation of  i)ublic  interest.  It  was  seen  what  a  power  the  employes  might 
have  in  interrupting  this  vital  current  of  the  business  of  the  country. 
It  was  seen  also  how  the  resistance  to  overcome  these  assertions,  on 
the  part  of  the  employes,  of  their  rights,  might  involve  very  serious 
S.  Rep.  577,  pt.'  2 3 


34  AKGtfMENT   OF   WILLIAM   M.    EVART8. 

exercises  and  assertion  of  power  of  repression  over  what  might  be  just 
complaiut^^ — might  be  just  reasons  for  dissatisfaction.  In  other  words, 
this  great  contiict  between  employes  and  employers  was  noticed  by  the 
public  as  bearing  upon  public  interest,  from  the  quasi  public  nature  of 
the  business  that  was  transacted ;  and  a  good  deal  of  enlistment  on  one 
side  and  the  other  of  that  question — first  in  favor  of  the  employes,  then 
perhaps  against  them  when  it  was  found  that  tbe  contest  could  not  be 
shorts — partook  of  the  character  of  such  unhappy  conflict  which  every 
one  deplores,  and  as  yet  nobody  has  been  able  to  see  the  means  of  pre- 
venting. That  strike,  therefore,  brought  into  a  sudden,  if  not  a  hasty, 
contemplation  the  question  of  whether  there  ought  not  to  be  and  might 
not  be  some  public  administration  of  this  important  energy  of  private 
affairs. 

Then,  of  course,  there  is  the  third  ingredient  of  the  nature  of  the 
business,  being  what  has  occurred  under  our  eyes,  in  the  way  of  ab- 
sorptions and  annexations,  by  purchase  and  otherwise,  of  the  minor 
companies  as  they  spring  up.  That  has  brought  into  display  the 
monopoly  part  of  the  matter,  and  has  induced  consideration,  whether 
although  our  people  are  averse  to  Government's  having  anything  to  do 
with  private  employments  and  having  anything  to  do  with  monopolies, 
certainly  in  its  own  management,  whether  there  was  not  reason  for 
finding  an  analogy  between  the  postal  service  and  the  telegraph  serv- 
ice that  could  carry  the  present  telegraphic  system  over  to  the  Gov- 
ernment.  That  being  so.  Congress,  public  men,  public  journals,  public 
thinkers,  have  all  turned  the  matter  over  in  their  minds,  more  or  less 
responsibly,  more  or  less  wisely,  and  more  or  less  to  their  own  satisfoc- 
tion,  as  to  some  solution  that  could  be  found. 

That  brings  the  matter  to  the  point  at  which  we  are  now  considering 
it.  I  think  I  may  now  assume  that  the  three  bills  that  are  before  this 
committee,  all  of  them  introduced  by  gentlemen  of  credit  with  the 
country  as  well  as  in  the  Senate,  and  all^  no  doubt,  the  result  of  their 
own  deliberations,  and  of  such  consultations  as  they  have  had  oppor- 
tunity or  desire  to  resort  to,  these  three  bills  together  must,  I  think,  be 
considered  as  presenting  all  that  is  considered  wise  or  is  considered 
practicable,  or  that  should  be  insisted  i  upon  in  the  public  interest. 
They  are  extremely  diverse.  There  is  no  concurrence  between  the 
three  measures.  They  all  seem  to  me  to  have  this  common  character, 
of  being  tentative,  irresolute,  and  stepping  always  consciously  in  the 
dark.  I  do  not  mean  by  that  that  there  is  any  lack  of  sagacity,  of 
prudence,  or  of  comprehensive  and  intelligent  survey  of  the  ground. 
But  1  think  the  promoters  of  either  of  these  bills  will  admit  that  there 
are  to  be  developed,  by  an  attempt  to  put  them  in  the  shax)e  of  legis- 
lation and  set  them  at  work,  difficulties,  shortcomings,  dangers,  and 
complications  that,  not  being  capable  of  being  foreseen,  cannot  now  be 
foreclosed  by  legislation.  No  one  would  think  for  a  moment  of  saying 
that,  if  either  of  these  bills  should  to-morrow  become  a  law,  the  problem 
of  substitution  of  Government  control  of  telegraphs  for  that  of  private 
corporation  had  been  accomplished,  and  that  the  country  was  ready 
to-morrow  to  have  the  telegraph  service  carried  on  by  the  Government. 
I  think,  therefore,  that  I  am  justified  in  saying  that  neither  of  these 
measures,  if  it  becomes  a  law,  undertakes  to  provide  for,  or  in  any  pos- 
sible working  can  be  thought  to  provide  for,  the  long  and  indefinite 
interim  of  time  that  must  elapse  before  there  is  a  Government  service, 
and  all  that  time,  by  this  imperative  legislation,  there  has  been  pro- 
duced a  situation  which  disorders,  disorganizes,  and  paralyzes  the 
private  enterprise  of  carrying  on  the  telegraph  i^stem. 


ARGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM   M.    EYAKTS.  35 

What  priDciples  of  human  natare,  what  common  interests  of  the  com- 
mon people  of  this  country — I  mean  common  to  all  of  them  which  are 
to  be  the  care  of  Government  in  all  its  legislation — are  left  by  which, 
thereafter  and  before  your  Government  operations  are  completed,  the 
telegraph  service  of  this  people  is  to  be  performed  at  all  f  What  profit! 
What  security!  This  interest  will  be  struck  by  the  power  of  Govern- 
ment a  blow  which,  thougfi  in  itself  measured,  carries  the  right  and  pros- 
pect of  blows  to  be  measured  wholly  by  what  is  regarded  as  the  public 
interest  and  not  at  all  by  any  rights  that  these  telegraph  companies 
possess.  But  1  do  not  put  it  so  much  upon  that  as  upon  the  necessary 
fact  of  the  motives,  the  zeal,  the  combination,  the  interest  which  must 
be  aggregated  in  a  great  mass  to  maintain  such  a  powerful  administra- 
tion of  aSairs  as  these  great  telegraph  companies  possess  and  control. 
What  is  there  left  for  them  !  They  have  been  weighed  in  the  balance 
and  found  wanting.  The  kingdom  has  departed  from  them.  And  it  is 
this  new  public  power,  not  ready  to  be  exerted,  and  not  ready  to  take 
their  place,  that  is  to  conduct,  under  this  disorder  and  this  disorganiza- 
tion, the  whole  telegraph  service  of  the  whole  people  of  the  United  States. 
If  there  be  any  force  in  this  suggestion  it  would  discourage,  at  once,  ten- 
tative intrusion  by  the  Government  of  illimitable  right,  and  yet  of  very 
limited  occupation  of  the  area. 

A.11  this  would  tend  to  show  what,  I  think,  the  results  of  this  com- 
mittee must  bring  them  to  in  considering  these  different  measures  and 
finding  some  solution  of  them — to  a  conclusion  either  that  the  Govern- 
ment must  abstain  from  any  proprietary  or  administrative  intervention 
in  this  business  of  carrying  on  the  telegraphs,  and  limit  its  authority  to 
the  Government  by  the  law  of  that  business  according  to  the  powers  of 
government  lodged,  as  they  may  be,  in  the  Federal  or  in  the  State  Gov- 
ernments ;  or  e^e,  when  it  is  ready  to  take  these  properties,  take  the 
unimpaired,  an  unbroken,  uninterrupted  public  service,  without  a  day's 
nor  an  houi^s  interruption,  so  that  when  it  proceeds,  the  system  goes  on 
and  on,  with  the  mastery  and  the  control  changed  into  public  administra- 
tion from  the  private.  Of  course  that  involves  the  necessity  of  t  he  Gov- 
ernment beforehand,  by  such  exercise  of  its  power,  or  by  such  persuasion 
of  contract,  as  may  be  at  its  service  to  take  up  the  telegraph  adminis- 
tration and  settle  at  once  the  whole  question,  and  proceed  thereafter, 
the  private  interests  by  purchase,  being  all  solved  in  money  and  dis- 
tributed, and  the  public  service  unbroken  and  changed  only  in  its 
mastery  aud  administration. 

I  think  the  committee  will  be  satisfied  that  a  gradual  progress  of  the 
Government  in  this  tentative  scheme  and  method  is  not  compatible 
either  with  the  obligations  of  the  Government,  with  the  interest  of  the 
Government,  or  with  the  rights  of  parties  interested  in  the  present 
establishment. 

Perhaps  the  committee  will  permit  me  to  present  very  briefly  what 
seem  to  me  the  elements  of  these  three  bills. 

Mr.  Edmunds'  bill  (S.  17)  establishes  a  postal  telegraph  system  in  the 
United  States,  by  the  first  section.  That  is  a  decree.  There  is  not 
anything  done  by  that.  If  that  could  be  done  by  law,  so  that  by  the 
promulgation  of  that  the  Government  could  replace  private  owners 
and  carry  on  the  system,  it  would  meet  my  proposition. 

He  goes  on  to  provide  that  from  this  city  of  Washington  four  lines 
shall  be  projected — northwest,  northeast,  west-southwest,  and  south. 
Three  heads  of  Departments,  the  Secretary  of  State,  Secretary  of  War, 
and  Postmaster-General,  are  a  board  to  locate  these  lines;  and  then 
their  extension,  which  is  not  fixed  in  the  least,  is  to  be  such  as  Gongresa 


36  ARGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM   M.    EVART8 

may  from  time  to  time  direct.  These  routes^  thus  established,  shall  be 
condacted  by  this  Government  as  a  part  of  its  postal  system. 

That  means  that  it  shall  be  conducted  by  the  Government,  and  with 
such  aid  and  common  administration  as  the  postal  system  in  its  nature 
permits. 

All  the  rates  are  to  be  fixed  by  this  board,  from  time  to  time,  by  the 
three  Cabinet  officers.  These  rentes  are  to  be  built  by  the  Secretary  of 
War,  by  the  employment  of  the  Oorps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army,  the 
asme  as  other  public  works  are  built. 

No  doubt  you  could  find  something  for  engineers  to  do  in  putting  up 
poles  and  stringing  wires  on  them,  but,  really,  the  degree  of  engineer- 
ing skill  that  is  required  for  that  puipose.  and  that  is  supposed  to  have 
been  acquired  in  a  West  Point  education,  does  not  seem  very  important 

The  Chairman.  Some  of  these  officers  have  had  considerable  expe- 
rience in  building  lines. 

Mr.  Eyarts.  No  doubt  they  are  as  good  people  to  do  it  as  could  be 
found,  but  yet  it  is  not  a  matter  of  high  engineering,  as  it  seems  to  me. 

The  Secretary  of  War  may  acquire  right  of  way  by  purchase;  if  not, 
the  rifirht  of  way  is  to  be  taken,  and  the  parties  excluded,  by  the  power 
of  Government,  from  their  property,  are  to  have  suit  in  Uie  Court  of 
Claims. 

Whether  that  is  reasonable  attention  to  the  provision  of  the  Consti* 
tution  that  private  property  shall  not  be  taken  for  public  services  with- 
out compensation  may  be  within  the  discretion  of  Congress.  No  power 
in  this  country  has  yet  ever  undertaken  an  administration  of  that  kind — 
tliat,  for  ten,  fifteen,  or  twenty  dollars,  or  five  hundred  dollars'  worth  of 
property  taken  by  the  Government  in  ^  Maine  or  Texas,  the  suitors  are 
to  come  on  here  to  Washington  to  prove  by  local  proof — because  they 
cannot  have  any  other  proof;  nobody  in  Washington  knows  anything 
about  their  case.  That  is  power;  that  is  not  an  observance  of  right; 
that  is  not  attention  to  the  point  that  you  are  to  pay  people  for  their 
property  by  giving  them  a  lawsuit  at  a  distance,  with  no  means  of 
prosecution  whatever,  except  at  a  great  loss  to  themselves.  The  answer 
is,  let  them  take  what  the  Ghovemment  offers.  That  simplifies  it  amaz- 
ingly. 

The  Chairman.  I  should  say  that  practically  that  provision  is  of 

little  importance,  for  I  do  not  suppose  that  the  Government  In  build- 
ing its  lines  would  in  a  single  instance  encroach  upon  private  right; 
they  would  erect  their  lines  along  post-routes. 

Mr.  Eyarts.  That  may  be:  but  a  small  right,  you  know,  to  an 
American  citizen,  is  a  very  valuable  right,  especially  if  it  is  the  only 
right  he  has.  I  am  judging  of  this  measure.  It  is  not  an  observance 
of  the  constitutional  requirement  in  any  sense,  as  I  look  at  it.  But 
as  you  suggested,  perhaps,  as  Mr.  Toots  says,  ^'  It  is  of  no  consequence.'^ 

The  Chairman.  This  is  an  entirely  different  thing  from  building  a 
railroad  through  a  man's  farm  or  through  his  door-yard.  These  tele- 
graph lines  will  be  confined  to  postrbads. 

Mr.  EvARTS.  Then  there  is  the  seizure  clause  of  the  7th  section, 
whereby  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  "  take  and  use  all  such 
machinery,  appliances,  &c.,  except  telegraph  lines."  You  cannot  take 
them,  "whether  patented  or  not";  but  if  their  value  is  not  agreed 
upon,  the  parties  are  all  turned  over  to  the  Court  of  Claims  in  the  way 
I  have  suggested,  and  there,  I  think,  Mr.  Chairman,  tliere  might  be 
some  substantial  rights  involved. 

Then  an  effort  is  made  in  the  0th  section  to  avoid  the  inconvenience 
of  increase  of  political  patronage,  by  applying  civil-service  examina- 


ARGUMENT   OP   WILLIAM   M.    EVABT8  37 

tions  to  the  clerks,  electricians,  and  operators.  When  that  service  has 
operated  upon  the  existing  system  of  patronage,  there  will  be  more 
confidence  in  applying  it  to  other  systems.  It  is  hardly  worth  while  to 
justify  the  creation  of  another  system  as  if  this  conclusive  and  effectuid 
moral  purification  had  been  established  as  one  of  the  institutions  of  this 
country.  Two  million  dollars  is  appropriated  for  this^  and  the  law  is 
not  to  prohibit  parties  from  operating  telegraph  lines. 

Mr.  Edmunds,  in  a  very  careftil  and  very  frank  exposition  of  this  bill, 
made  to  the  committee,  which  I  have  had  the  advantage  of  reading  in 
the  public  prints,  explains  this  wisdom  of  the  serpent  that  is  found  in 
this  contrivance  of  the  Oovemment. 

To  the  suggestion,  '*  Why  not  buy  the  lines  f^ — you  take  everything 
else  except  these  lines — the  answer  is,  "That  would  be  the  best  way.'' 
But  if  you  confix)nt  the  measure  in  that  form,  there  is  no  power,  he  says, 
in  this  country,  that  he  would  trust  with  measuring  them — no  tribunal 
that  could  do  justice  between  the  United  States  on  ^be  one  side,  and 
the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  on  the  other.  Well,  if  justice 
cannot  be  done  between  these  parties  by  any  of  the  contrivances  ftir- 
nisbed  by  our  laws  and  by  the  character  of  our  people,  does  it  follow 
tl^at,  therefore,  injustice  should  be  done  to  themf  It  seems  to  me  that 
this  is  a  barrier  at  the  outset  to  any  attempt  to  deal  with  this  subject 
rightlj^  between  Government  and  present  proprietors,  if  there  is  any- 
thing in  Mr.  Edmunds's  proposition.  I  do  not  agree  to  it.  I  will  agree 
that  the  price  will  be  larger,  fixed  on  the  principles  of  justice,  than  it 
will  be  if  it  is  fixed  on  the  principles  of  force.  I  will  agree  that  the 
price  will  be  larger  if  it  is  fixed  upon  the  intact  property  that  is  to  be 
acquired  and  preser\'ed  for  the  public  use  without  a  break,  than  it  will 
be  if  it  is  to  be  shattered,  exhausted,  depressed,  until  the  fragments  only 
have  to  be  bought.  But  thei^B  is  nothing  in  that  result  that  tends  to 
reconcile  me  to  this  piecemeal  process  of  cutting  down  to  a  value  that 
finally  some  power  in  the  country  may  be  able  to  deal  with.  It  is  that 
by  force  you  depress,  you  disparage,  you  destroy  the  property  until  you 
have  reduced  it  to  a  wreck  and  can  then  acquire  it  And  the  learned 
Senator  says  that  when  you  have  got  it  to  that  point,  he  thinks  that  the 
President  and  the  seven  members  of  the  Cabinet  might  be  trusted,  as 
between  man  and  man,  to  fix  a  price  upon  what  is  left 

How  would  tbissystem  work  f  What  would  happen  f  Nominally,  the 
telegraph  lines  are  not  interfered  with.  Undoubtedly^  until  these  new 
lines  are  built,  there  is  no  practical  interference  with  the  service ;  the 
rates  go  on ;  the  emoluments  go  on.  But  what  becomes  of  the  prop- 
erty invested  in  this  lawful,  valuable,  useful  business  of  the  citizens 
by 'which  the  public  are  served  f  Who  knows  the  value  of  each  private 
person's  interest  in  this  aggregate  proi>erty  from  the  moment  that  each 
a  law  as  that  is  passed  f  It  is  a  threat  in  the  future,  as  it  is  a  dispar- 
agement in  the  present  If  one  man  owned  this  property,  if  it  were 
limited  in  its  area,  if  it  could  be  marked  by  metes  and  bounds,  and  the 
impression  of  such  a  law  upon  itcould  be  shown,  as  it  could  be  and  would 
be  at  once,  it  would  be  seen  that  this  was  not  an  honorable  avoid- 
ance of  the  duty  of  paying  for  private  property  when  taking  it,  but 
that  it  was  a  mode  of  destroying  private  property  and  then  paying  for 
it  at  its  destroyed  rate. 

Senator  Maxbt.  According  to  that  bill  if  certain  great  lihes  shall 
radiate  from  this  point  to  commercial  centers,  and  from  those  commer- 
cial centers  to  other  commercial  centers,  and  the  Government  conducts 
that  business,  what  will  become  of  the  telegraph  business  out  in  the 
oountry  at  a  distance  from  these  great  lines  i    In  other  words,  will  that 


38  ABOUMENT   OF    WILLIAM   M.    EVAKT8. 

have  the  effect  of  depreciating  that  property  so  that  the  people  off  of 
those  great  lines  will  not  get  their  business  attended  to  unless  the 
Government  does  it? 

Mr.  Eyabts.  It  is  like  stopping  the  flow  of  blood  in  the. arteries  <and 
then  saying,  let  the  minor  ramifications  take  care  of  themselves.  They 
wonld  take  car^  of  themselves  wonderfully.  Take  all  the  blood  out  of 
the  jugular  vein,  or  the  carotid  artery,  or  the  femoral  artery,  and  I  do 
not  know  what  would  be  done  with  the  ramitications,  but  I  do  not  think 
there  would  be  as  much  blood  to  go  into  them,  nor  as  much  force  to 
propel  it,  as  if  you  had  not  thus  interrupted  the  circulation. 

The  Chairman.  Does  Mr.  Evarts  believe  that  if  the  Gk>vemment 
should  build  the  truuk  lines,  as  provided  for  in  Senator  Edmunds's  bill, 
it  would  stop  at  that  point  and  not  complete  the  system  f 

Mr.  Evarts.  I  do  not  believe  you  would ;  but  I  do  not  see  how  that 
helps  these  telegraph  companies  to  know  what  is  going  to  happen  to 
them  in  the  future.  That  is  what  I  wish  to  argue  against — a  tentative 
dealing,  a  progressive  dealing. 

I  want  you  to  understand  that  the  people  of  this  country  will  not 
have  their  telegraph  service  interrupted  in  this  timid,  tentative  form 
that  balks  the  duty  of  taking  if  you  are  going  to  take,  and  paying  for 
if  you  are  going  to  have  it  The  absolute  interest  of  the  people  will 
not  tolerate  any  such  impractical  scheme.  Suppose  the  Western  Union 
office  would  shut  up  the  moment  the  bill  should  pass  ?  I  do  not  say  this 
in  the  sense  of  a  threat.  Suppose  the  corporation  should  say,  ^^This  is 
marasmus  for  our  affairs,  though  perhaps  not  final  dissolution."  What 
shall  we  do  about  it?  What  can  we  do  about  it?  What  answer  is 
there  ?  You  have  struck  a  vital  blow  at  the  private  administration  of 
a  great  trust  and  necessity,  and  you  have  not  replaced  it.  Stock  has 
suffered,  I  believe,  some  4  or  5  per  cent,  by  the  pendency  of  these  foren- 
sic discussicms  before  this  committee.  Still,  we  cannot  always  tell  what 
is  the  cause  of  changes  on  Wall  street.  ' 

The  Chairman.  You  will  admit  that  any  corporation  would  have  a 
perfect  right  to  go  on  and  build  competing  lines  if  it  saw  fit  to  do  so  ? 

Mr.  Evarts.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  They  have  a  perfect  right  to  do  it,  and  they  can  do  it 
without  molestation. 

Mr.  Evarts.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  Is  Ihere  any  reason  why  the  Government,  in  the  in- 
terest of  fifty  million  people,  should  not  build  competing  lines  without 
any  regard  to  existing  corporations,  when  the  interests  of  these  fifty  mill- 
ion people  demand  that  they  should  have  cheap  telegraph  service? 

Mr.  Evarts.  That  question  does  not  touch  what  I  am  now  consider- 
ing, and  that  is,  that  the  Government  should  not  both  do  it  and  not  do 
it.  No  government  that  I  know  of  has  undertaken  to  establish  compet- 
ing lines  and  pay  the  loss  out  of  the  Treasury,  and  fix  rates  for  the  pub- 
lic good,  and  at  the  same  time  call  that  competition  with  private  inter- 
ests. That  is  not  competition  with  private  interests.  It  is  destruction 
of  private  interests. 

The  Chairman.  You  must  bear  in  mind,  however  that  in  startmg 
any  system  you  must  take  the  first  step,  and  this  is  only  intended  to 
be  the  first  step. 

Mr.  Evarts.  That  is  my  trouble,  that  the  present  propositions  merely 
break  up  and  destroy,  and  with  the  most  vague  and  immeasurable  effect 
I  may  overestimate  it;  you  may  underestimate  it.  These  private  man- 
agers are  better  judges  than  either  of  us;  they  have  not  declared  their 
estimate  of  it.    They  must  look  at  the  tiling  as  it  is  before  they  can 


ABGUMENT   OF    WJLLIAM    M.    EVART8.  39 

anderetaiid  it.  The  notion  that  the  Chairman  presents  is  not  compe- 
tition by  the  Government.  If  this  Government  were,  to-morrow,  to  pnt 
itself  upou^  {he  proposition  of  becoming  a  private  proprietor  of  a  tel- 
egraph B>;6tem,  planned  only  ni>on  the  notion  of  getting  the  best  rates 
and  })rofit8  for  its  management  of  it.  and  to  rival  and  oust  the  Western 
Union,  that  I  could  understand,  and  I  think  the  Western  Union  would 
beat  the  Government  every  time.  But  that  is  not  the  idea.  The  idea 
is  that  the  public  interests,  supported  out  of  the  public  Treasury,  are 
to  administer  the  telegraph  service  not  for  gain  but  for  public  benefit. 
Proper  ideas,  if  you  please.  I  do  not  question  them.  But  do  not  call 
it  competition.  Leave  money  out  of  the  case.  It  is  all  public  benefit, 
paid  for  by  the  tax-payers,  under  the  clause  of  the  preamble  to  the 
Constitution  in  regard  to  the  general  welfare,  as  it  is  said. 

The  bill  of  Mr.  Dawes  {S.  1016)  in  the  first  section  says  the  Post- 
master-General shall  establish  telegraph  offices  at  post-offices,  and  re- 
ceive and  transmit  telegrams.    That  is  a  decree. 

There  is  to  be  a  Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster-General  created  to 
manage  this  business.  The  stamp  system  is  applied  to  it  at  fixed  rates. 
No  further  charge  for  mail  6r  delivery  within  half  a  mile;  it  is  all  with- 
in the  telegraph  stamp.  Newspaper  rates  fixed.  All  the  Government 
is  desired  to  do  here  is  to  turn  its  post-offices  into  telegraph  stations; 
its  system  of  collection  and  delivery  to  be  applied  also  to  telegraph 
messages ;  every  message  that  is  deposited  stamped  the  Government  is 
to  carry ;  letter-boxes  are  to  receive  these  telegrams,  and  they  are  to 
be  sent  if  stamped. 

But  how  is  the  Postmaster-General  to  do  it  f  You  have  got  the  pub- 
lic post-offices  utilized,  as  well  as  the  apparatus  of  collection  and  the 
apparatus  of  distribution  to  a  certain  extent.  The  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral is  then  authorized  to  contract  with  the  Postal  Telegraph  Com- 
pany— nobody  else— to  transmit  these  messages..  That  is  to  be  a 
private  service.  The  whole  business  of  transmission  is  to  be  a  private 
service.  The  Postmaster-General  is  to  furnish  office  accommodations. 
The  company  has  a  right  to  construct  lines  on  post-routes,  and  shall 
provide  lines  to  every  postal-telegraph  office  at  the  request  of  the 
Postmaster-General.  They  shall  keep  the  lines  in  repair  and  perforni 
the  service.  After  8  per  cent,  of  profits  to  its  stockholders  the  profits 
are  to  be  applied  to  constructing  and  extending  the  lines,  and  reducing 
rates.  The  Postmaster-General  is  to  pay  the  crross  receipts  of  this 
service,  after  reserving  three  cents  on  each  message,  to  this  company. 
The  corporation  is  named,  is  created.  It  is  to  have  ten  thousand 
shares  at  $100^  per  share,  20  per  cent,  paid  in,  which  would  be  $200,000. 
This  company  may  purchase  existing  lines  by  agreement.  Then  if  any 
telegraph  company  ofibrs  to  sell  all  or  a  portion  of  its  property,  it  shall 
purchase  the  same  at  an  arbitrated  price,  payment  to  be  in  cash  unless 
the  seller  prefers  to  take  this  new  company's  stock.  The  company  may 
construct  lines  aud  increase  stock  to  the  amount  purchased  or  con- 
structed. Then  the  company  is  chartered  on  condition  that  it  shall 
contract  with  the  Postmaster-General  for  this  service  at  these  rates. 
The  rates  are  fixed.  If  it  refuses  or  neglects,  its  franchise  shall  de- 
termine. 

That  is  all  that  is  attended  to.  There  is  not  anything  to  that,  except 
that  this  company — a  monopoly  by  law,  secured  by  law — ^besides  its  ex- 
clusive franchise  in  the  occupation  and  use  of  public  property  at  a  com- 
paratively nominal  sum,  is  to  have  the  right  and  the  power  to  aggre- 
gate into  its  possession  and  for  its  profit  this  entire  business  of  tele- 
graphing.   It  is  to  be  limited  to  8  per  cent,  profit  on  its  stock,  and 


40  ARGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM    M.    EVART8. 

after  that  its  money  is  to  go  to  IncrcasiDg  its  property  or  reducing 
rates — no  division  between  the  two.  It  is  all  to  be  optional  with  the 
company.  What  more  has  the  Western  Union  in  the  feature  of  mo- 
nopoly than  this  matter  of  8  per  cent,  dividends — for  it  has  never  made 
any  more— and  increase  of  plant  or  reduction  of  rate  f  But  the  difficulty 
with  this  corporation  is  that  it  runs  counter  to  the  whole  spirit  of  the 
legislation  of  modern  English^nd  modem  American  law  on  the  subject, 
that  is  determined  to  strike  down  forever  special  privileges  for  purposes 
that  can  be  communicated  by  general  eharter.  There  is  no  one  single 
special  privilege  possessed  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company 
by  law.  All  that  freedom  of  competition,  all  that  the  ordinary  im- 
pulse to  do  the  service  to  the  best  advantage,  all  that  competition  can 
give,  it  gives  to  the  public,  and  all  is  struck  down  by  this  bill  providing 
for  this  company  of  favored  names  with  (200,000  cash  in  its  till  and  its 
immense  property  given  to  it  by  this  legislation  in  the  use  of  the  post- 
office  system,  and  arrangement  and  offices  and  management  which  is 
let  loose  upon  this  community  with  its  8  per  cent,  income  and  its  in- 
definite application  of  greater  earnings  to  enlarge  capital  to  get  8  per 
cent,  thereon  still  and  still. 

Now  all  the  States  are  building  up  in  their  interest  and  by  their 
policy  the  freedom  of  corporations,  so  that  it  is  no  longer  a  privilege 
but  a  common  right  for  people  to  combine  as  corporations.  The  Eng- 
lish law  allows  a  certain  number  of  people— a  very  few — to  combine  to 
do  everything  that  is  lawful  for  a  private  individual  to  do.  Our  legis- 
lation, in  any  of  the  States,  I  believe,  has  not  gone  as  wide  as  that,  but 
has  opened  large  areas  of  employments  at  will  to  corporations.  This  is 
an  alliance  between  Government  and  a  corporation  that  is  by  law  a 
monopoly,  and  that  is  expected  practically  to  become  a  monopoly;  why 
should  it  not,  with  these  immense  benefits  conferred  by  the  Govern- 
ment ?  It  is  the  substitute  for  the  performance  of  public  duty  that  the 
power  of  this  Government  is  expected  to  offer  to  the  people  of  the 
United  States. 

The  bill  introduced  by  the  honorable  chairman  of  this  commit^ 
(S.  227)  ia  in  its  nature  and  theory  an  adherence  in  purpose,  and  wish, 
perhaps,  to  the  postal  system,  applying  it  to  the  telegraph  system.  It 
provides  that  telegrams  may  be  deposited  wherever  letters  are.  The 
Postmaster-General  may  make  an  estimate  of  facilities  needed  to  send 
them,  and  shall  advertise  for  proposals  after  he  has  made  that  estimate. 
These  facilities — and  that  is  the  word  used  in  the  bill — may  include 
offers  to  sell  any  telegraph  or  telephone  lines,  and  the  Postmaster- 
General  may  buy  or  contract  for  the  facilities  from  other  parties. 
Whenever  the  Postmaster-General  thinks  a  sufficient  length  of  tele- 
graph line  has  been  acquired,  he  may  establish  postal-telegraph  offices, 
extend  them  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  may  require  a  guarantee  from 
a  remote  neighborhood  where  the  receipts  will  be  small,  that  they  shall 
be  sufficient  to  pay  expenses.  The  rate  is  fixed  at  one  cent  per  word 
throughout  the  United  States.  Mails  may  be  used  also,  and  deliveries 
within  one  mile  without  further  charge.  There  is  an  additional  rate 
for  repeated  messages.  There  is  an  order  of  service — first  the  United 
States,  and*  then  the  public.  Then  there  is  this  provision,  which  struck 
me  as  novel :  "Any  single-rate  message  may  secure  priority  over  all 
other  single  rate  messages  by  prepayment  of  double  the  rates."  Prac- 
tically, I  submit  to  the  Chairman,  that  would  end  in  everybody  paying 
double  rates  if  their  messages  were  of  any  importance. 

Senator  Sawyeb.  That  is  common  almost  M  over  Europe. 


ARGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM   M.    EVART8.  41 

The  Chairman.  I  should  say  that  this  bill  is  based  on  the  general 
features  of  European  S3'steras. 

Mr.  EvARTS.  It  struck  ine  as  a  very  dangerous  power. 

The  Chairman.  It  is  found  to  work  very  well  in  Europe. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  The  Western  Union  does  the  same  thing  substanti- 
ally. 

Mr.  EvARTS.  Then*  are  many  messages  sent  by  rivals  in  business 
that  can  altbrd  to  pay  a  vast  rate  for  preference.  It  might  answer  in 
Europe,  but  I  do  not  believe  it  would  answer  here.  However,  that  is 
by  the  way. 

This  bill,  I  think  it  will  be  agreed,  is  a  gradual  encroachment,  like 
the  bear  behind  Munchausen,  which  finally  left  Munchausen  riding 
the  bear  and  not  the  horse,  but  the  horse  moved  on  at  the  same  speed 
as  before,  notwithstanding  the  gradual  demolition  of  his  faculties.  That 
pursues  the  analogy,  that  for  such  attempts,  I  should  think,  to  recog- 
nize, not  the  obligation  of  the  Government  to  buy  out  corporations, 
buy  out  business  if  it  undertakes  to  meddle  with  their  functions,  with 
their  profits,  but  to  favor  at  least  some  reasonable  arrangement,  and 
does  not  take  by  force.  The  Postmaster  General  can  establish  new 
routes  and  do  what  he  pleases  in  that  respect.^ 

These  measures,  in  their  different  forms,  are  supposed  to  be  justifi- 
able, so  far  as  they  proceed  for  taking  property  under  our  Constitution 
and  so  far  as  they  enter  into  the  business  in  competition  with  and  dis- 
paragement of  hitherto  private  employments  in  the  habits  of  our  people, 
under  some  paramount  duty  of  the  Government  to  see  that  this  partic- 
ular ^rvice  is  wrested  from  private  occupation.  Because  1  think  we 
can  hardly  suppose  that  the  nominal  leaving  of  private  corporations  to 
comi>ete  with  the  Government  is  of  any  real  value  to  private  interests 
that  are  threatened. 

And  besides,  that  is  insecure.  How  long  would  that  last  if  it  was 
found  to  interfere  with  the  budget  of  the  Government  t  Not  a  day. 
The  Government,  committed  to  this,  and  interested  to  show  that  it  was 
a  working  and  successful  scheme,  would  be  more  and  more  jealous  of 
anything  like  competition  at  the  lucrative  parts,  where  competition 
was  possible,  and  the  remote  parts  would  be  either  very  ill-served  by 
the  Government  or  not  served  at  all. 

This  analogy  with  the  post-office,  and  this  analogy  also  with  foreign 
Governments,  I  propose  to  discuss  somewhat.  But  first  it  may  be 
worth  while  to  lay  down  what  I  regard  as  the  power  of  eminent  domain 
in  the  Government.  In  the  first  place,  the  United  Stiites  docs  not  pos- 
sess at  all  the  power  proper  of  eminent  domain  in  regard  to  any  terri- 
tory or  property  within  the  States.  The  right  of  eminent  domain  is 
but  another  form  of  expressing  the  right  of  paramount  title  under  the 
feudal  system,  and  then  simplified  under  government  when  feudal 
ranks  and  orders  and,  motives  were  all  thrust  aside ;  then  it  was  that 
this  representation  of  the  lord  paramount  was  left  in  the  government 
as  the  representative  of  the  king.  That  right  is  wholly  in  the  States. 
The  measure  of  that  right  is  the  right  of  escheat.  There  is  no  escheat 
to  the  United  States  Government  of  any  property  in  the  States:  none 
whatever.  Every  inch  of  territory  in  each  State  is  subtended  oy  the 
right  of  eminent  domain  of  the  State,  and  tiie  right  of  escheat  is  as 
extensive  and  vigorous  as  the  State  chooses  to  maintain  it. 

Under  the  Constitution,  as  it  stood  before  the  Virginia  amendments 
were  made,  it  was  very  difficult  to  find  any  footing  for  t^e  notion  that 
the  United  States  had  any  right  whatever  to  take  property  by  compul- 
8ion  within  the  States.   The  careful  phrase  in  regard  to  property  deeded 


42  ABGUMENT   OF    WILLIAM    BJ.    EVART8. 

for  such  purposes  as  forts  and  arsenals  even  was  specially  provided  for. 
In  the  old  Constitution,  given  underexerciseof  governmental  authority— 

To  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  porchaaed  by  the  consent  of  the  le^U- 
tnre  of  the  State,  in  whicn  the  same  shall  oe,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines, 
arsenals,  dock-yaitls,  and  other  needful  buildings. 

That  was  all  that  n^lated  to  the  acquisition  of  property  by  the  United 
States  in  the  States;  and  it  is  only  from  the  permanent  clause  of  the 
fifth  amendment,  from  the  prohibition  against  the  taking  of  private 
property  by  force,  by  will,  for  public  use  without  just  comi>en8ationy 
that  we  infer  the  power.  Those  who  have  studied  our  politics  under- 
stand that  the  Constitution  was  defended  against  attacks  berore  its 
adoption  for  its  omission  of  these  various  muniments  of  private  rights^ 
which  are  now  included  in  the  twelve  amendments  proposed  by  the 
Virginia  statesmen  and  carried  willingly  by  the  whole  country,  bemuse 
all  its  powers  were  express  and  affirmative,  and  they  carried  no  implica- 
tions* that  would  enable  the  Government  to  override  any  of  these 
limitations  that  were  sought  to  be  established  against  the  exercise  of 
power.  For  instance,  it  was  said  the  United  Stat^  cannot  legislate  in 
regard  to  religion,  and  the  freedom  of  the  press,  and  so  on,  because  no  such 
power  is  conferred.  The  Virginia  statesmen  said  "that  is  all  very  good 
doctrine  now,  but  it  is  qmite  as  well  to  have  it  expressed'';  and  I  tLink 
nobody  can  question  the  wisdom  of  these  amendments. 

I  do  not  deny  that  the  United  States  Government  has  certain  powers 
that  it  may  exercise  in  regard  to  property  within  the  territory  of  the 
United  States,  and  of  course  that  covers  the  whole  region  of  State  as 
well  as  Territorial  governmental  control.  But  it  is  not  under  tUe  doc- 
trine of  eminent  domain.  It  is  under  the  clause  allowing  the  enactment 
of  laws  necessary  to  carry  out  particular  powers — necessary  in  a  legal 
and  constitutional  sense.  Thus,  in  time  of  war,  there  is  scarcely  any 
limitation  whatever  on  the  power  of  the  Government.  Indeed,  it  is  war, 
and  war  is  war,  whoever  conducts  it.  It  is  not  law ;  it  is  power,  neces- 
sity, duty,  governed  and  measured  by  necessity. 

So,  too,  under  the  express  authorities  that  are  given. with  reference 
to  post-offices  and  post-roads.  Navy,  &c.  For  aught  I  know,  the  Gov- 
ernment might  have  power  in  invitum  to  take,  in  a  proprietary  sense, 
property  for  use.  But  you  will  observe  that  for  this  public  purpose  it 
could  not  take  property  and  maintain  exclusive  governmental  jurisdic- 
tion over  it  unless  the  States  consented.  There  is  not  an  inch  within 
the  States  th«t  can  be  acquired  by  the  United  States  for  governmental 
control  except  by  the  consent  of  the  legislature.  The  legislature  always 
concedes  it  when  it  is  a  proper  subject.    But  that  is  a  vital  matter. 

The  doctrine  of  eminent  domain  has  one  other  limitation  in  the  proper 
sense.  It  is  connected  with  this  matter  of  soil.  It  is  taking  a  par- 
ticular piee^  of  property.  I  am  not  talking  about  there  being  or  not 
being  other  rights.  But  eminent  domain  is  taking  a  particular  piece 
of  property  because  the  sovereign  needs  that  particular  piece  for 
public  service,  and  therefore  questions  of  profit  or  advantage  will  not 
be  allowed  to  control  the  matter.  It  is  but  the  ordinary  duty  of  the 
Government  to  pay  for  it,  and  it  is  the  privilege  of  the  citizen  to  know 
what  it  is  worth,  and  not  to  sell  even  to  the  Government  unless  he 
wishes.  Even  in  the  despotisms  of  the  Old  World  Naboth's  vineyard 
could  not  have  been  acquired  when  Naboth  would  not  sell  it.  But  there 
is  nothing  in  the  notion  of  eminent  domain  that  justifies  the  idea  that 
this  Government  has  a  right  to  take  property  at  largcj  not  connected 
with  locality  and  with  that  peremptory  necessity,  at  a  price  that  it 


ABQUMENX   OF   WILLIAM   M.    EVABT8.  43 

Axes,  because  the  owner  will  not  part  with  it.    Let  it  bay  from  some- 
body else  its  property  at  a  price  that  is  satisfactory  to  the  GovemmeDt. 

It  is  not  an  answer  to  the  citizen  that  whatever  he  pats  a  price  upon 
which  the  Government  thinks  is  too  high,  the  Government  has  a  right 
to  take  at  a  price  forced  upon  him  by  arbitratioa  or  some  other  legal 
estimate.  Then  all  this  matter  of  the  right  of  this  Government  must  be 
found  in  its  necessary  exercise — I  am  not  talking  about  the  exact 
meaning  of  necessary— or  proper  exercise,  not  measured,  however, 
by  the  price  for  other  property,  if  there  are  other  modes  of  accom- 
plishing the  purpK>se.  The  Government  is  not  entitled  by  the  mere 
fact  that  it  thinks  the  price  asked  is  too  high  to  acquire  at  a  price  in 
invitum.    Eminent  domain  does  not  apply. 

Now,  we  have  the  clause  as  to  post-offices  and  post-roads.  Mr. 
Edmunds  suggested  that  even  under  the  financial  powers  of  the  Gk>v- 
emment  there  might  be  authority  to  take  this  agency.  But  the  nearest 
analogy  is  to  post-offices  and  post-roads.  Is  that  a  very  near  analogy? 
The  post-offices  and  post- roads  clause,  as  a  power,  has  never  been  ex- 
tended by  the  Government  as  encouraging  or  justifying  the  carriage  of 
mails;  I  mean  as  a  system.  In  some  regions  it  is  a  necessity.  But 
where  the  energies  and  activities,  and  resources  and  capital  of  the  peo- 
ple were  at  service  to  hire  at  reasonable  rates  under  competition,  the 
post-office  service  has  never  been  carried  to  that  extent ;  it  has  never 
been  administered  to  that  extent,  and  the  people  of  the  country  have 
had  no  experience  of  any  attempt  to  administer  it  to  that  extent.  They 
have  never  se  n  an  army  of  post-office  officials  that  was  numbered  and 
employed  in  carrying  the  mails  of  this  country  by  rail  and  by  coach  all 
over  this  country.  I  do  not  think  that  the  people  of  this  country  incline 
to  extend  the  post-office  service  in  that  direction.  What  have  they 
done  !  When  they  have  found  that  that  service  might  be  impeded  by 
the  selfishness  or  the  grasping  power  of  this  or  that  railroad  corporation 
that  must  carry  the  mail,  because  the  Government  cannot  carry  it  by 
horses  where  there  is  a  railroad,  power  has  been  given  to  regulate  the 
rates  by  law.  That  is  the  law  of  Gk>vemment ;  it  is  not  its  power  or 
force. 

But  look  at  the  iK>st-office  service  that  we  have  undertaken.  This  is  its 
simple  basis,  that  for  the  people  having  occasion  to  transmit  their  corre- 
spondence offices  shall  be  open  where  the  citizens  may  deposit.  The 
letters  deposited  shall  be  assorted  for  distribution  over  the  routes,  shall 
be  received  at  offices  where  the  citizens  shall  come  and  get  them.  Now, 
that  is  all.  We  have  improved  it  by  getting  the  postal- box  stations,  by 
collections,  by  personal  delivery  by  mail  carriers — useful  incidents  in 
large  places.  But,  after  all,  it  is  nothing,  but  the  undertaking  of  that 
duty,  and  undertaking  by  contract  for  all  modes  of  transportation  in  the 
public  service,  and  further  by  providing  security  for  the  correspondence 
that  the  Government  i)rotects  by  penal  laws — very  severe,  too — the  se- 
crecy of  the  mails.  The  Government  first,  by  tradition,  was  a  necessary 
depositary  of  this  authority.  In  the  second  place,  there  was  always  one 
very  powerful  consideration:  While  the  correspondence  of  people  was 
vital  to  them  in  the  preservation  of  its  integrity  and  secrecy,  it  should 
not  be  trusted  to  a  less  powerful,  to  a  less  honorable,  custodian  than  the 
Government.  These  have  been  the  leading  ideas.  So  long  as  they  were 
conserved  they  were  imperative,  and  the  rest  was  lefb  open  to  private 
employment  in  carrying  the  letters;  that  is,  in  the  employment  by 
the  Government  of  private  agencies  for  carrying  the  letters.  Then 
there  oame  an  invasion  of  routes  that  were  profitable  by  private  enter- 
prise, and  we  cannot  now  treat  it  as  less  than  an  entire  system. 


44  ARGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM   M.    EVART8. 

You  will  observe  in  this  maDagement  of  the  post-ofiice  that  it  was 
never  undertaken  by  the  Government  and  never  needed  to  be  under- 
taken by  the  Gk)vemment  except  what  may  be  called  for  a  general  ad- 
ministration. The  Government  undertook  that  at  certain  hours  of  the 
day  all  letters  that  were  found  in  the  boxes  should  be  sent,  and  at  a 
certain  other  hour  of  the  day  persons  should  call  and  get  their  letters 
at  the  post-offi*  e  delivery.  And  the  carriers,  who  go  twice  a  day  and 
three  times  a  day,  or,  as  in  the  city  of  New  York,  four  or  five  or  six 
times  a  day — ^that  is  an  improvement  on  the  simple  plan.  That  is  the 
system.  In  other  words,  the  Gk>vemment  never  undertook  anything 
except  the  transmission,  in  bulk,  of  letters,  and  to  deliver  at  this  or 
that  post-office,  in  bulk,  and  then  have  each  person  come,  at  such  con- 
venience on  the  part  of  the  postmaster  as  might  b«,  to  get  his  letters. 
Whereas  the  business  of  the  telegraph  is,  upon  its  own  motive,  and 
history,  and  necessity,  a  recent  and  entirely  difierent  system.  It  is  not  a 
trust  to  give  transportation  in  bulk  and  distribution  in  bulk.  It  wants  a 
system  that  proceeds  directly  between  the  sender  of  the  particular  mes- 
sage and  the  recipient  of  the  particular  message,  each  having  a  private 
and  peculiar  contract  in  regard  to  that  one  message,  and  that  is  th  is :  That 
it  is  to  be  received,  that  it  is  to  be  transmitted  in  order  of  reception,  that 
it  is  to  be  delivered  as  a  private  and  personal  errand  at  the  moment  of 
its  reception.  Is  the  Government  going  to  undertake  that  service  for  a 
community  like  ours,  that  makes  the  telegraph  the  means  of  transijorta- 
tion  for  three-quarters  of  the  bulk  of  its  messages  upon  business,  for 
profit  t  There  are  many  social  errands  as  well  as  those  of  necessity, 
and  a  great  many  others  that  might  go  by  mail,  no  doubt.  It  seems 
to  me  that,  as  paramount  wants  under  private  contract  are  thus  secured 
with  the  telegaph  companies,  the  people  of  the  country  are  not  ready 
to  submit  the  administration  of  those  special,  direct  interests  to  the 
common,  easy-going  management  of  the  postoffice  or  to  any  manage- 
ment which  is  not  protect^  by  their  recourse  for  accountability  and 
for  damages  if  it  is  found  that  one  message  has  been  delivered  out  of 
its  order  in  preference  to  another,  and  injury  has  been  done.  They  tell 
me  at  the  Western  Union  office  that  that  company  has  been  sued  for 
fifteen  minutes'  difference  between  the  reported  date  which  they  put 
on  every  message  when  they  hand  it  to  you,  of  the  hour  and  moment 
when  it  was  received,  and  the  time  that  it  was  delivered.  They  are  sued 
for  errors,  for  faults,  and  they  are  errors  and  faults  that  the*private  in- 
terests are  not  effectually  served  in  unless  there  is  recourse  for  dam- 
ages, and  that  recourse  held  in  terrorem  over  the  system.  But  this  Gov- 
ernment system  is  sure  to  end  in  the  assimilation  of  the  telegraph  serv- 
ice to  the  postal  service,  in  its  generalization  and  gradual  degradation 
from  being  a  personal  contract  with  the  sender  of  each  message. 

Senator  Maxey.  Upon  that  point  I  would  like  to  have  your  views. 
Under  the  clause  of  the  Constitution  granting  power  to  establish  post- 
offices  and  post-roads  the  system  of  transmission  and  delivery  is  exclu- 
sively in  the  Government  The  Government  has  exclusive  control,  and 
it  has  been  so  decided. 

Mr.  Bv ARTS.  Yes;  no  doubt. 

Senator  Maxey.  Suppose  that  under  the  postal  clause  of  the  Consti- 
tution this  telegraph  system  is  made  part  of  the  postal  system,  would 
that  be  exclusively  under  the  cout3X)l  of  the  Government,  like  the  trans- 
mission of  letters  f    I  would  like  to  have  that  understood. 

Mr.  BvARTS.  Well,  if  ex  propria  motu  ex  propria  vigore^  that  clause 
gives  the  right  to  bring  under  it  all  the  new  f^ulties,  as  it  is  claimed, 
in  civilization,  you  would  not  be  able  to  make  any  distinction  between 


ABQUMENT   OF   WILLIAM   M.   EVABT8.  45 

the  power  of  GongreBS  under  this  new  facility  and  the  old.  But  Seua- 
tors  have  not  misunderstood  my  point,  and  that  is,  that  this  Government 
has  always  abstained,  even  in  regard  to  letters,  from  doing  anything 
but  furnishing  the  depositaries  and  making  contracts  with  private  en- 
terprise to  transmit  them. 

Senator  Wilson.  The  idea  I  gathered  from  the  question  of  Senator 
Maxey  is  this:  Whether,  if  this  power  belongs  to  Congress  in  any 
sense,  and  during  a  period  of  its  non-exercise  it  could  be  exercised  by 
others,  an  assumption  of  the  exercise  would  make  that  power  exclusive 
in  Gongress. 

Mr.  EvABTS.  Of  necessity. 

Senator  Maxby.  The  point  I  make  is  this:  I  think  the  Supreme  Court 
has  decided,  in  the*Wells-Fargo  Express  Company  matter,  that  the 
Government  of  the  IJnitod  States  has  the  exclusive  right  to  transmit 
letters,  &c.,^  and  thstrtEe  attempt  to  do  it  by  express  companies  or 
otherwise  is  a  fraud  upon  the  revenues  of  the  Giovemment  in  the  matter 
of  its  postal  charges.  Now,  the  post-offices  and  post-roads  beine  under 
fhe  exclusive  control  of  the  Government,  if  this  telegraph  is  to  oecome 
a  part  of  the  postal  system,  why  should  not  that  be  under  the  exclufiive 
control  of  the  Government  t 

Mr.  EvABTS.  As  a  matter  of  right  on  the  part  of  the  Government,  it 
would.  I  do  not  suxmose  that  in  regard  to  postal  transmission  it  is  not 
in  the  power  of  the  Government  to  allow  concurrent  competition,  and 
it  is  within  the  power  of  the  Government  to  exclude  it  at  any  time,  and 
if  this  comes  in,  it  must  come  in  under  that  excluding  power. 

The  Ghaibman.  That  is  a  matter  of  statute. 

Mr.  EvABTS.  Yes. 

The  Ghaibman.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  Constitution.  There 
is  nothing  to  prevent  Congress  from  repealing  the  statute. 

Senator  Maxet.  But  does  it  not  follow  that  Congress  has  power  to 
make  it  exclusive  t 

Mr.  EvABTS.  Yes,  it  is  deposited  within  the  leaves  of  that  power  as 
a  part  of  that  power. 

What  is  the  analogy  between  other  Governments  and  ourst  In  the 
first  place,  the  Governments  that  have  ^ken  this  up  in  Europe  are  those 
whose  territoty  and  whose  institutions,  whose  populations  and  whose 
make-up  in  general  may  be  considered  as  completed.  The  only  changes 
that  take  place  are  in  the  movements  of  their  population  to  get  out  of 
those  countries  and  come  to  ours.  Besides  that,  originally  the  Govern- 
ment was  the  source  of  all  right  and  authority.  But  gradually  the 
people  have  acquired  certain  rights  which  they  have  insistsd  upon  at 
the  utmost  extremity  from  time  to  time.  But  in  our  country  changes 
are  in  progress  all  the  while.  Population  is  moving.  Territory  is  being 
brought  within  the  range  of  occupation  by  great  waves,  great  advances, 
and  there  is  nothing  like  homogeneity  in  the  necessities  and  notions  of 
the  people  of  this  country  from  the  rim  of  the  Atlantic  to  the  great  re- 
gions of  the  intermediate  valleys  and  the  coast  of  the  Pacific.  We  are 
making  this  country  all  the  while.  We  are  making  it  and  have  made 
it  oh  the  principle  that  the  people  are  those  interested  in  what  was 
made,  and  were  the  best,  the  most  energetic,  the  most  capable  as  to 
their  own  interests  in  thus  developing  this  country.  And  it  has  come 
to  be  a  maxim  and  a  practice  never  encroached  upon  except  upon  the 
most  definite  and  clear  right  and  duty  of  exception,  that  the  Govern- 
ment was  not  to  carry  on  any  business  of  the  people;  that  it  was  not, 
under  schemes  of  revenue  or  what  not,  to  undertake  that  as  to  which 
there  can  be  no  competition,  to  undertake  absorption  of  this  or  that 


^ 


46  ARGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM   M.   EVABTS. 

matter  of  common  right  and  its  common  exercise.  We  have  prospered 
ander  that  principle,  and  we  like  it;  the  people  like  it,  and  the  Oovem- 
ment  likes  it 

In  the  second  place,  onr  administrative  system,  with  all  the  advan- 
tages that  it  possesses  of  interesting  large  masses  of  oar  people  in  active 
politics,  does  not  so  completely  restrict  the  questions  of  appointment 
to  office  to  the  mere  pablic  service,  and  making  the  occupants  of  office 
so  completely  mere  pablic  servants,  as  the  systems  of  these  European 
nations.  What  is  needed  here,  as  every  one  will  see,  in  the  administra- 
tion of  this  vast  complicated  web  of  millions  of  private  i>er8onal  con- 
tracts, made  for  each  message,  is  the  vigilant  eye,  the  ready  hand  of 
the  master,  that,  dealing  with  employes  in  the  proper  sense  of  employ^ 
justly,  kindly,  rightly,  let  us  hope,  but  nevertheless  without  delibera- 
tions of  what  minor  counsels  of  politicians  would  say  as  to  whether  on 
the  whole  the  change  of  a  telegraph  operator  id  for  the  good  of  the 
neighborhood  or  the  advantage  of  the  party. 

^,  too,  with  regard  to  our  public  servants  distributed  all  over  this 
country.  There  is  no  one  of  them  thinks  of  himself  once  as  a  public 
servant  where  he  thinks  of  himself  a  hundred  times  as  a  public  master. 
There  is  not  one  of  them,  that  in  any  habit  or  line  of  duty  or  feeling, 
looks  on  this  public  administration  here  in  Washington  in  the  relation 
entirely  of  a  great  Government  of  which  he  is  a  humble  member,  but 
a  great  representative  of  a  greater  constituency  of  which  he  himself  is 
an  important  member.  I  do  not  use  this  in  any  other  sense  than  this: 
That  a  postmistress  in  a  little  town — and  I  believe  they  are  very  often 
found  in  towns  of  some  considerable  size  in  England  and  on  the  Conti- 
nent— is  nothing  but  a  servant,  not  in  the  sense  of  performing  menial 
service,  but  in  the  sense  of  an  employ^,  just  as  these  telegraph  opera- 
tors under  the  Western  Union  Company  are  now.  And  the  question 
always  is  of  fidelity,  of  duty,  of  permanence,  if  they  are  fidthful  and 
dutiful,  and  of  removal,  without  agitating  the  community,  if  they  »Te 
not.    So  that  analogy  does  not  apply. 

Another  thing.  We  have  not  yet  given  up,  and  I  hoi>e  we  may  never 
give  up  the  proposition  that  whatever  may  be  the  great  and  necessary 
powers  of  the  National  Gk>vernment  and  of  its  authority  to  execute 
them  with  vigor,  a^r  all,  the  essential  idea  is  of  tliis  people  in  the  frame 
of  their  Constitution,  and  in  its  administration,  that  t^e  domestic,  every- 
day interests  of  the  people  are  wholly  committed  to  the  governments  of 
the  States.  It  is  neighborhood  government.  Of  course,  when  States 
become  vast  in  population,  as  New  York  is  and  as  Texas  is  to  be,  this 
notion  of  neighborhood  government  loses  some  of  its  force.  But,  as  Mr. 
Ellsworth  said  in  the  Constitutional  convention,  when  the  question 
whether  a  consolidated  or  a  Federal  Government  was  to  be  determined 
upon:  ^^For  the  people  of  Connecticut,  wtBare  unwilling  to  trust  the 
General  Gk)vernment  with  our  domestic  interests.'^ 

We  got  along  very  well  with  no  Federal  officers  distributed  through 
the  country  in  any  important  numbers  for  many  years,  except  in  this 
very  matter  of  the  post-offices;  nothing  else.  There  were  no  internal 
taxes.  We  had  considered  that  the  custom-houses  should  be  o&  the 
sea-ports  and  on  the  great  lakes,  and  nowhere  else.  But  now  we  have 
extended  the  system.  The  desire  of  equality — a  proper  desire— has 
carried  custom  houses  away  into  the  interior.  And  then  we  had  the 
internal-revenue  system,  now  being  gradually  obliterated,  and  finally, 
as  may  be  hoped;  and  now  we  are  asked  to  introduce,  not  a  system 
limited  to  the  local  management  of  a  post-office,  leaving  the  contracts 
for  the  carriage  of  mail  all  to  be  matter  of  private  enterprise  and  con- 


ARGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM    M.    EVART8.  47 

tract,  but  we  are  asked  to  introduce  a  system  that  is  to  make  Federal 
offices  and  Federal  officers  for  the  entire  business  of  carrying  on  this 
postal-telegraph  system.  An  army  of  30,000  people,  it  is  said,  distributed, 
and  all,  be  sure,  mingling  in  that  double  capacity  of  public  service  and 
of  public  management  that  is  inseparable  apparently  from  the  holding 
of  office  in  this  country. 

The  Chaibman.  The  president  of  the  Western  Union  stated  the  num- 
ber between  8,000  and  10,000. 

Mr.  Eyabts.  I  remember  that  there  was  a  considerable  range  of  fig- 
ures; but  that  lefb  out  all  these  boys. 

The  Chairman.    The  messengers,  yes. 

Senator  Saulsbubt.  I  think  he  estimated  that,  including  messen- 
gers, there  would  be  25,000  or  30,000. 

Mr.  Eyabts.  Then  there  is  a  class  of  employes  that  I  do  not  see  to 
have  appeared  much  by  name;  that  is  a  corps  of  repairers.  I  believe 
they  call  them  linemen,  men  that^go  up  the  poles  with  progs  in  their 
heels,  and  they  must  b6  a  part  of  the  regular  corps  of  servants.  You 
woula  not  send  officers  of  the  Army  up  in  that  way  to  the  top  of  the 
poles,  and  you  cannot  go,  as  we  do,  to  a  plumber  when  there  is  a  leak, 
and  take  our  chances  of  oeing  served  before  the  next  frost.  We  musr 
have  this  corps.  I  do  not  know  what  their  number  would  be,  I  am 
sure.  You  may  be  sure  there  would  not  be  any  fewer  of  them  than  was 
necessary.  Ko  member  of  Congress  would  want  any  fewer  in  his  dis- 
trict than  there  were  in  some  other  district ;  and  if  there  were  fewer, 
his  constituency  would  have  a  new  member  of  Congress  that  would  see 
after  their  interests.    This  is  a  very  serious  matter. 

The  Chaibman.  There  are  over  60,000  men  in  the  post-offices  of  the 
country,  and;  to  a  large  extent,  the  postmasters  and  clerks  will  do  the 
telegraph  work  without  an  increase  in  the  force. 

Mr.  Eyabts.  I  am  aware  of  that.  Mr.  Edmunds  estimated  that  there 
would  be  only  about  one-third  additional  required. 

The  Chaibman.  It  would  not  be  so  large  an  addition  on  the  present 
amount  of  business. 

Mr.  Eyabts.  I  am  aware  that  a  great  many  men  in  the  postal  service 
do  not  do  anything  now,  and  they  could  do  it  just  as  well  with  two  em- 
ployments as  with  one,  I  should  think. 

Senator  Bawyeb.  A  great  many  of  the  employes  are  now  in  the  em- 
ploy of  railroad  companies ;  that  would  reduce  the  number  very  much. 

Mr.  Eyabts.  Yes;  that  I  understand.  All  that  has  been  considered 
by  Mr.  Green,  and  by  Mr.  Hubbard  in  his  article,  and  I  do  not  wish  to 
reconsider  these  matters;  I  wish  only  to  treat  of  the  important  traits 
of  the  system. 

There  are  two  interests  to  be  considered ;  first,  as  to  construction ; 
and,  second,  as  to  maintenance,  as  I  have  adverted,  more  or  less,  to 
what  may  be  applicable  to  both.  Of  course  I  am  talking  of  other  sys- 
tems than  that  which  fairly  presents  the  Government  as  purchasers  to 
the  telegraph  companies  that  are  now  occupying  the  ground  and  per- 
forming the  business,  and  as  in  any  lawfid  pursuit,  and  have  invested 
scores  of  millions  of  dollars ;  and  I  am  talking  about  dealing  with  it 
in  some  other  way  than  that  of  coming  frankly  forward  and  saying, 
^^We  wish  to  take  your  system :  it  is  impossible  that  there  could  1^ 
competition  between  us  and  you  oecause  your  motives  are  gain  and  our 
motives  are  public  service.^  Indeed,  Mr.  Edmunds  says,  in  regard  to 
his  process  of  reducing  these  corporations  to  reasonable  terms,  that  it 
will  operate  upon  their  interest  and  their  patriotism.  People  have  got 
to  be  patriotic  and  sell  their  property  to  the  Government.    Why  should 


48  ABOUMENT   OF   WILLIAM  M.    EYABTS. 

not  the  Government  be  datiful  to  the  people  and  pay  them  what  it  is 
worth  f  I  am  talking  aboat  other  modes  than  that.  Construction  will 
go  on,  no  doubt,  Mr.  Edmunds  thinks,  when  be  suffgested  to  your  com- 
mittee that  the  gradual  working  of  this  business  will  gradually  compel 
all  these  people,  suitors  to  the  Government,  to  take  their  proi)erty  off 
their  hands  at  any  price.  That  does  not  seem  to  be  a  justifiable  pur- 
pose of  any  Government,  much  less  of  a  Government  with  whom  the 
people  are  paramount  from  every  consideration.  But  I  cannot  pay  at- 
tention to  motives  and  plans  that  end,  in  their  victory,  in  such  subju- 
gation of  private  interests. 

Kow  we  come  to  construction.  We  have  one  department  of  the 
Government  in  which  there  cannot  properly  be  competition,  perhaps, 
because  the  Government  is  responsible  that  every  possible  provision 
shall  be  made  for  the  stress  of  naval  engagement  and  supremacy.  I 
am  not  expressing  popular  opinion  at  variance  with  that  of  discussions 
in  Congress,  but  I  believe  that  by  concurrence  between  the  discussions 
in  Congress  and  public  opinion,  our  Kavy,  for  some  reason  or  other,  has 
been  built  down,  as  we  may  say,  to  the  water's  edge.  I  do  not  see  that 
there  is  much  left  in  the  way  of  the  building  of  that  Navy  that  will  not 
end  in  its  absolute  submersion.  I  think  the  Navy  Department — I  do  not 
refer  to  persons— or  the  province  of  the  Navy,  may  be  fairly  said  to  be 
under  our  experience  a  province  in  which  men  accumulate  and  ships  de- 
cay. I  do  not  see  that  there  is  much  encouragement  in  our  experience 
in  this  branch  of  the  public  service. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Is  it  more  than  the  private  navy  t 

Mr.  EvABTS.  The  private  navy  is  subject  to  the  law  of  competition, 
built  for  trade.  The  Government  Navy  is  not  built  for  trade.  I  am 
told  that  our  custom-house  at  Chicago,  which  under  oar  system  has 
been  a  Government  structure,  was  burnt  down  in  the  great  fire ;  Chi- 
cago has  been  built  up  and  burnt  down  again  and  rebuilt,  and  the 
people  have  forgotten  that  there  was  ever  a  fire  there,  and  our  custom- 
house is  not  finished  yet,  and  the  floors,  they  say,  are  worn  out  before 
the  building  is  finished.  We  have  investigations  everywhere  about 
supervising  architects,  under  our  system  of  public  buildings  distributed 
all  over  the  country,  a  system  w^ch  I  certainly  have  no  aversion  to 
and  have  no  doubt  has  been  administered  as  well  as  it  is  easy  for  a  Gov- 
ernment to  administer  such  things. 

I  do  not  think  our  people  have  any  particular  confidence  that  our 
system  is  so  well  framed  for  managing  property  and  private  enterprises 
and  interests  as  the  people  themselves  are^  and  when  it  comes  to  ad- 
ministration, if  you  actually  carry  on  business,  which  the  post-office 
does  not  do  and  never  has,  on  this  scale  and  of  this  peculiar  nature,  I 
do  not  believe  the  people  would  have  the  least  confidence  in  its  man- 
agement. There  would  be  a  reaction,  which,  if  Congress  did  not 
repress  under  this  power  that  Senator  Maxey  has  suggested,  would 
lead  to  private  lines  on  the  great  routes  where  the  public  could  make 
an  individual  contract  for  every  message  for  its  specific  performance 
and  have  their  recourse  for  damages.  But  to  enter  upon  that  enterprise 
would  be  at  the  risk,  the  admitted  risk,  of  the  Government  undertak- 
ing to  suppress  it  in  order  to  swell  its  own  revenues  and  protect  the 
Government  telegraph.  Whether  the  people  in  England  are  as  well 
ser\^ed  as  here — which  I  do  not  believe — or  in  France,  or  in  Germany, 
they  could  not  be  as  well  served  on  the  outskirts  when  the  population 
is  moving  and  moving  all  the  while,  and  which  insists  that  in  its  ex- 
tremities it  shall  feel  now  the  full  vital  current  of  our  prosperous  wealth 
and  of  our  advanced  civilization.    No  emigrant  goes  to  the  farthest 


AHGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM   M.    EVABTS.  4^ 

point  now  with  any  expectation  of  privation  or  separation  from  sympa- 
thy, from  knowledge,  or  from  the  gratifications  of  civilization.  The 
railroads  and  telegraphs  are  in  advance  of  the  settler  and  pull  him 
along  into  civilization.  He  is  not  driven,  as  before,  by  necessities,  out 
of  civilization  into  a  trial  of  hardship,  or  sufiering,  or  privation. 

Now  let  us  look  a  little  at  the  existing  law,  and  that  is  the  law  of  1866, 
for  I  have  occupied  now  more  time  than  I  think  it  was  right  to  ask  you  to 
listen  to  me,  or  than  I  supposed  I  should  wish  to  fill  out.   That  law  is  not 
a  contract  with  telegraph  companies  that  the  Government  will  ever  buy 
their  routes  or  any  part  of  them.    It  is  not  a  contract  that  was  meant  to 
call  into  exercise  the  powers  of  government  by  eminent  domain,  or  the 
war  powers,  or  what  not.    But  it  is,  in  the  sense  in  which  citizens  have  a> 
right  to  deal  with  the  Oovemment,  which  is  a  footing  different  frt)m  that 
between  citizen  and  citizen,  where  each  party  is  under  no  obligation  to- 
the  other,  and  each  is  making  a  contract  of  interest — an  interest  in  th& 
sense  of  value  and  money — ^but  in  the  sense  in  which  citizens  make  con- 
tracts with  Government  as  to  a  policy,  as  to  a  power,  as  to  a  purpose; 
it  is  in  every  proper  sense  a  contract,  or  understanding,  or  agreement 
that  the  Gk>vernment  recognizes  this  property,  as  all  property,  to  be  un- 
der  its  protection ;  and  that,  as  there  is  pending — floating,  if  you  please^ 
in  the  future — an  idea  that  the  Government  may  need  to  take  and  ad- 
minister this  system,  that  these  companies  shall  not  push  the  Govern- 
ment to  an  exercise  against  an  unwilling  people  and  against  the  habita 
of  a  free  people,  of  compulsory  subjection  of  these  great  investments  to 
the  purposes  of  the  Government;  and  it  takes  from  this  people,  thus  upon 
the  consideration  of  the  advantages  accorded  to  them  besides,  the  coun- 
tervailing service  to  the  Government  of  carrying  at  rates  that  the  Govern- 
ment may  fix.    For  we  yielded  a  great  deal  there,  although  to  a  Govern- 
ment ;  we  did  not  yield  it  to  private  companies ;  it  is  to  a  Government  that 
citizens  yield  these  things,  to  a  Government  that  has  no  sordid,  no  calcu- 
lating, no  competing  interests  with  private  persons,  but  is  controlled  by 
motives  wholly  pertaining  to  Government  that  can  do  no  wrong,  that 
cannot  be  assumed  to  meditate  any  wrong.    The  Government  then  said 
to  them.  ^^Do  not  push  this  Government  to  the  necessity  of  dealing  with 
your  collected  and  aggregated  properties  in  invitum  against  the  will  and 
the  habits  of  private  interests  and  of  free  society;  tell  us  now  that  after 
five  years,  giving  you  space  to  accommodate  your  interests  to  it,  you  agree 
that  we  may  have  an  arbitration  to  determine  by  consent  what  your  prop- 
erty shall  be  taken  at."    When  you  consider  that  this  is  not  an  adverse 
communication,  an  accommodation  of  adverse  interests  between  private 
parties,  you  see  that  tiiis  law  has  taken  upon  it  in  shape  and  vigor,  in 
motive  and  in  morals,  every  obligation  of  this  Government  to  deal  with 
these  people,  if  this  substituted  management  by  the  public  shall  be  im- 
pressed upon  this  property,  the  acquisition  of  it,  not  at  the  price  of  the 
Government,  not  at  the  price  of  the  parties^  but  as  all  other  people  fix 
what  is  a  regular  and  a  just  price.    These  immense  investments  have 
been  made  nuder  that  idea,  as  an  alternative,  that  unlimited  profit  wa» 
no  longer  at  their  commano,  that  the  Government  had  given  them  no- 
tice ^^  We  may  conclude  after  five  years  that  the  public  must  administer 
this  public  service,  and  we  do  not  want  to  have  a  resistance  to  us  under 
the  right  of  eminent  domain,  under  the  tyranny,  as  it  will  be  called;  and 
now  it  is  necessary  that  you  will  not  assume  to  fix  a  price  yourselves^ 
and  stand  upon  your  rights,  but  that  you  will  agree  that  whenever  the 
price  is  fixed  upon  methods  that  are  just,  you  wouhl  sell  this  property." 
Undoubtedly,  the  Government  desired  that;  undoubtedly,  these  people 
felt  that  they  must  concede  it;  but  they  felt,  having  conceded  it,  that 

8.  Bep.  677,  pt  2 4 


50  ARGUMENT   OF   WILLIAM  M.   EYABT8. 

they  had  a  right  to  go  on  and  inveat  their  property,  inviting  the  prop 
^rty  of  the  unprotected  part  of  the  community,  not  the  specolators,  not 
the  operators,  not  the  capitalists,  but  all  who  looked  at  the  stock  markets 
and  the  dividends  to  determine  whetiier  an  investment  was  valuable  or 
not  for  their  frugal  means — ^they  had  a  right  to  feel  thus  and  to  hold 
out  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  that  after  the  statute  of  1866  we 
are  sure  to  continue  the  business,  or  we  are  to  have  it  taken  off  oar 
liands  at  a  fair  valuation.  And  see  what  the  Government  got  by' that 
They  secured,  to  be  t^en  into  the  calculation  of  all  these  companies, 
this  obligation  and  exposure:  that  unless  they  did  perform  a  great  and 
valuable  service  to  the  acceptance  of  the  public  at  large,  nidess  they 
did  graduate  their  rates  to  the  enl^urged  revenues  and  the  cheapened 
processes,  this  contract,  that  they  had  made,  laid  them  at  the  feet  of  the 
Government  without  recourse  and  without  com|>laint  tx>  the  substita* 
tion  of  ownership  and  management  by  the  Government  aiK>n  this  stipa- 
lated  compensation. 


STATEMENT 


OF 


MR.  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 


Fridapj  February  8,  1884. 

Mr.  Gasdineb  O.  Hubbabd  appeared  before  the  oommittee  and 
made  the  following  statement : 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Obntlbmen  of  the  Oommittbb.  Mr.  Evartfi 
commenced  his  argument  yesterday  by  a  statement  of  the  causes  which 
in  his  opinion  had  led  to  the  interest  which  prevails  at  the  present  tiifte 
upon  the  subject  of  postal  telegraphy.  Perhaps  I  can  do  no  better  than 
by  giving  my  views. 

The  first  publication  that  I  ever  made  on  the  postal  telegraph  was  in 
July,  1868,  and  in  the  winter  following  I  appeared  before  this  commit- 
tee. I  then  urged  as  the  main  grounds  for  a  postal  telegraph  the  same 
reasons  on  which  I  now  rely :  That  the  rates  are  too  high  and  irregu- 
lar;  then  there  was  one  rate  for  a  telegram  fix>m  New  York  in  one  direc- 
tion 50  or  100  mileSy  another  rate  to  a  place  at  a  corresponding  distance 
on  the  other  side ;  the  rates  were  higher  in  the  West  than  in  the  East, 
higher  in  the  South  than  in  the  West,  higher  on  the  Pacific  slope  than 
on  the  Atlantic  coast;  that  in  point  of  fact  there  was  no  system,  every- 
thing was  in  a  chaotic  state ;  that  the  average  rate  was  over  a  dollar 
per  message.  I  also  stated  that  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, being  a  monopoly,  did  not  employ  the  latest  patents  and  most 
approved  instruments,  and  that  tiiere  was  then  an  invention  of  Mr. 
Steams  in  operation  in  this  city  by  which  messages  were  sent  in  oppo- 
site directions  at  the  same  time  on  a  single  wire.  Mr.  Orton,  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Western  Union  (Company  derided  the  idea.  The  committee 
went  with  me  and  witnessed  the  operation  of  that  instrument,  and  as 
Mr.  Orton  subsequently  told  me.  before  he  left  Washington  he  had  com- 
menced negotiations  which  resulted  in  the  purchase  of  that  patent,  firom 
whence  followed  the  development  of  the  duplex  and  quadruplex  sys- 
tems. The  next  year  we  came  before  the  committee  again.  During  the 
year  the  company  had  tabulated  and  reduced  their  rates. 

51 


i 


52  STATEMENT   OF   GABDINEB   O.    HUBBARD. 

Tbeu  other  improveineDt8  were  suggested,  among  them  that  messages 
shouJd  be  sent  in  the  night  time  at  half  rates.  Mr.  Orton  ridicul^  this 
idea,  but  before  the  following  session  of  Congress  half  rates  had  been 
introduced,  and  that  argument  was  taken  away  from  me. 

And  so,  year  after  year,  as  new  objections  were  presented,  those  de- 
fects were  remedied  and  the  system  improved.  In  the  course  of  these 
discussions  I  stated  that  it  was  one  of  the  peculiarities  of  the  telegniphic 
business  that  every  great  reduction  of  rates  was  followed  by  a  large  io- 
crease  in  the  number  of  messages,  without  a  corresponding  increase  in 
the  expenses.  This  Mr.  i.  rton  and  Mr.  Wells,  in  arguments  submitted 
to  this  committee  on  behalf  of  the  Western  Union,  deni^,  saying  that 
as  the  expenses  increased  with  the  volume  of  business  Mr.  Hnbbard^s 
hypothesis  was  incorrect,  and  no  great  reduction  in  rates  was  |)ossible. 

What  are  the  facts  of  the  case,  as  shown  by  the  reports  of  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company  t  Mr.  Orton,  in  one  of  his  reports  says 
that  the  reduction  was  hastened  by  the  Western  Union  in  consequence 
of  these  proceedings.  In  1868,  the  year  before  this  discussion  com- 
menced, as  appears  by  reference  to  the  report  for  1878,  the  rates  were 
reduced  5  mills;  the  next  year,  1869',  15  cents;  tlie  next  year  13  cents; 
the  next  year  6  cents;  the  next  year  3 cents ;  the  next  year  3  cents;  the 
next  year  7  cents;  the  next  year  9  mills;  the  next  year  3  cents;  the 
next  year  7  cents,  and  the  next  year  (1878)  4  cents.  And  there,  gentle- 
men, the  reports  of  the  reduction  cease.  The  rates  were  reduced  in  ten 
years  from  (1.04  to  38.9  cents. 

The  Chairman.  Those  are  the  average  rates  t 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Those  are  the  average  rates.  As  the  result  of  these 
discussions  before  this  committee  the  rates  were  reduced  from  $1.04  to 
38.9  cents,  and  they  have  never  been  reduced,  according  to  the  letter  of 
Dr.  Green  to  me,*  but  9  mills  from  that  time  to  the  present.  The  aver- 
a^^e  cost  was  reduced  from  63  cents  to  25  cents. 

The  Chaibman.  What  do  you  mean  by  the  average  cost  t 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  The  average  cost  of  transmission  per  message. 

The  Chaibman.  That  is,  the  cost  to  the  company  f 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  The  cost  to  the  company. 

Senator  Sawyeb.  Does  that  take  in  the  interest  on  the  capital  or 
just  the  operating  f 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  It  includes  the  operating  expenses  and  the  rentals  of 
leased  lines,  but  not  the  profits  upon  the  business. 

Senator  Sawyeb.  It  is  their  actual  expenses  f 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Their  actual  operating  expenses  and  the  rentals  of 
the  leased  lines. 

We  will  next  ascertain  the  effect  of  these  reductions  upon  the  busi- 
ness of  the  company.  First.  It  increased  the  number  of  telegrams  from 
6,000,000  to  24,000,000—400  per  cent.  Second.  It  increased  the  ex- 
penses from  $4,000,000  to  $6,000,000— only  50  per  cent. ;  four  times  as 
much  business  with  an  increase  of  cmly  50  per  cent,  in  expenses.  Third. 
It  increased  the  net  profits  from  $2,600,000  to  $3,500,000—48  per  cent 
When  it  appeared  that  the  Western  Union  had  determined  to  continue 
the  reductions  of  rates  I  felt  that  my  mission  was  performed ;  that  if 
they  persisted  in  this  course  the  people  would  have  what  they  princi- 
pally desired — a  low  and  soon  uniform  rate  of  telegraphing.  Mr.  Orton 
was  so  thoroughly  convinced  of  the  truth  of  my  propositions  that  in  the 
year  1878  he  recommended  to  the  executive  committee  of  his  company 
a  reduction  of  their  highest  rate,  which  was  then,  I  think,  $3,  to  $1- 

*  See  North  American  Beyiew  for  December,  1883,  page  5'2A, 


STATEMENT   OP   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  53 

The  execative  committee  redaced  it  to  $1.60 ;  and  yet  within  less  than 
a  year  Mr.  Orton  told  me  that  at  that  rate  the  profits  were  greater  than 
under  the  higher  rate. 

In  1878  the  Western  Union  ceased  to  report  the  average  rate,  cost, 
or  profit  upon  the  transmission  of  messages.  If  we  examine  the  reports 
of  the  Western  Union  we  shall  find  that  about  that  time  there  was  a 
change  in  the  policy  of  the  company.  The  capital,  from  the  year  1866 
down  to  1878  had  remained  unchanged,  except  that  in  one  of  the  years 
tiie  Western  Union  reduced  its  capital  about  $7,000^000,  using  the  money 
in  the  treasury  to  buy  this  stock,  retaining  it  as  an  asset  in  the  treas- 
ury. In  the  yeai*  1879  the  policy  was  changed.  A  stock  dividend  of 
$5,000,000  was  made.  In  the  year  1881  two  other  stock  dividends  were 
made  of  $20,000,000.  Mr.  Evarts  was  not  acquainted  with  all  the  facts 
of  the  case  relating  to  the  transactions  of  that  year,  and  he  did  not 
on  that  account  state  the  true  effect  of  the  contract  which  in  that  year 
was  made  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company.  He  stated 
that  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  were  paid  a  certain  sum  in  the  stock  of  the 
Western  Union  for  their  rights  and  franchise.  In  1877  the  Western 
Union  purchased  a  controlling  interest  in  the  lines  of  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  Telegraph  Company,  or  72,000  shares,  for  $25  a  share.  This 
gave  them  the  complete  control  and  management,  and  by  the  purchase 
of  the  remaining  shares  it  saved  a  few  office  expenses  and  a  small  divi- 
dend upon  those  shares. 

Senator  Wilson.  What  was  the  par  value  of  those  shares  f 

Mr.  Hubbard.  The  par  value  of  those  shares  was  $100.  In  1881  the 
Western  Union  purchased  the  remaining  stock,  6,800  shares,  at  $60  per 
share,  although  worth  less  at  that  time  than  the  7,200  shares  were 
worth  in  the  year  1877.  They  also  issued  their  own  stock  at  the  rate  of 
$60  a  share  for  the  7,200  shares  in  their  treasury,  and  made  a  stock 
dividend  of  that  amount,  or  $4,320,000  to  their  stockholders. 

Senator  Saulsbubt.  Then  they  paid  more  for  the  remaining  stoek 
which  they  purchased  at  $60  per  share  than  the  market  value  at  that 
time. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  I  am  very  sorry  that  there  are  no  representatives  of 
the  Western  Union  here,  and  therefore  I  trust  that  the  chairman  will 
submit  these  remarks  to  them  when  they  are  printed,  so  that  if  I  make 
any  mistakes  in  the  facts  of  the  case  they  may  be  corrected.  They  are 
important  statements  that  I  am  now  about  to  make,  and  I  do  not  wish 
to  have  the  committee  rely  simply  upon  my  assertion. 

The  question  of  Senator  Saulsbury,  as  I  understand,  is  this:  Was 
the  property  worth  $60  in  1881 1   . 

Senator  Saulsburt.  Yes;  was  that  the  market  value  of  the  stock  of 
which  they  bought  the  remaining  shares  f 

Mr.  Hubbard.  I  think  the  market  value  was  much  less.  The  At- 
lantic and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  was  then  controlled  by  the  West- 
ern Union,  and  its  dividends  were  very  small.  If  common  report  is 
correct  this  stock  was  mainly  held  by  parties  largely  interested  in  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  So  that  it  was  not  like  going  into  . 
the  open  market  and  buying  stock ;  but  here  the  seller  and  the  buyer 
were  the  same  party,  and  therefore  the  price  was  easily  fixed. 

At  the  same  time  the  purchase  was  made  of  the  lines  of  the  American 
Union,  for  which  $15,000,000  in  stock  was  paid.  Bumor  also  says  that 
the  same  parties  who  held  the  American  Union  stock  held  the  stock  of 
the  Western  Union.  They  therefore  made  a  contract  at  a  price  to  suit 
themselves.  They  consulted  their  own  interests,  but  not  the  interests 
of  the  public. 


ik 


54  STATEMENT  OF   QABDINEB  Q.   HUBBARD. 

Mr.  Bvarta  says  Uie  bosinesB  of  the  Western  TJnion  is  to  earn  diYl 
dends  for  its  stockholders.  But  here,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  beg  to  take  issue 
with  Mr.  Evarts.  The  Western  Union  is  not  a  private  corporation,  bat 
a  quoii  public  corporation,  with  daties  primarily  to  the  pnblic,  second* 
anly  to  its  stockholders.  Bat  the  execative  committee  issued  as  mach 
stock  as  they  thoaght  the  pnblic  would  pay  dividends  upon.  And  that 
is  the  criterion  of  the  value  they  placed  upon  the  stock  of  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  and  of  the  amount  of  stock  which  they 
issued  for  the  American  Union,  $23,000,000.  No  wonder,  gentlemen, 
they  ceased  reducing  rates  and  heaped  capital  upon  capital  for  the 
purpose  of  exacting  from  the  public  all  the  money  they  could. 

But  they  did  not  stop  here ;  they  were  not  yet  content.  They  build 
cables  across  the  Atlantic  at  a  co3t  of  $5,000,000  or  $6,000,000,  which 
were  of  little  value,  as  they  had  no  connection  on  the  other  side  of  the 
water,  and  only  a  poor  connection  on  this  side.  If  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  leased  them  they  would  become  of  immediate  value; 
and  so  the  Western  Union  leased  these  cables  for  $700,000  a  year,  rep- 
resenting at  5  per  cent,  a  capital  of  $14,000,000.  It  wa^s  the  lease  that 
made  them  valuable,  and  not  the  cables,  for  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company  went  to  the  managers  of  the  Atlantic  cables  and  said, 
<^  Oentlemen,  we  control  the  entire  business  from  America  to  Europe, 
and  can  secure  a  portion  of  the  business  from  Europe  to  America ;  are 
you  now  willing  to  pool  this  business,  or  shall  we  run  in  opposition  to 
you  f "  The  cable  companies  agreed  to  pool  the  business.  And  thus 
the  cost  of  cabling  from  one  country  to  the  other  is  increased,  as  well 
as  the  cost  of  telegraphing  on  this  side  of  the  water,  with  little  if  any 
gain  to  the  Western  Union,  and  an  almost  certainty  of  loss  if  other 
cables  are  started. 

Senator  Palheb.  The  first  rate  for  cable  messages  was  $1  a  word,  I 
believe  t 

Mr.  HUBBABB.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Palmeb.  Then  it  was  reduced  to  2  francs. 

Mr.HuBBABD.  Yes,  sir;  it  was  subsequently  reduced  to  that  amount, 
but  not  until  very  recently. 

Senator  Palmeb.  Have  they  ever  been  lower  than  thatt 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Palmeb.  Were  they  before  the  combination  f 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  Before  the  combination  the  rate  was  12}  cents  a  word. 

Senator  Palmeb.  And  after  the  combination  the  rates  were  raised  f 

Mr.  HuBBABB.  After  the  combination  the  rates  were  raised.  The 
natural  result  of  buying  these  lines  "was  more  competition.  Very  soon 
the  Mutual  Union  was  formed.  Parties,  as  rumor  says,  interested  in 
the  Western  Union  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Mutual  Union,  and  then 
the  Mutual  Union  was  leased  at  $500,000  a  year,  representing  5  per 
cent,  interest  upon  $10,000,000 ;  but  instead  of  further  watering  the 
stock  the  cost  of  telegraphing  was  increased  by  adding  the  rental  to  the 
expenses. 

Nor  was  this  all,  for  about  the  same  time  a  question  arose  as  to  the 
lines  of  the  Northwestern  Telegraph  Company  that  had  been  running  in 
connection  with  the  Western  Union.  Should  the  Western  Union  lease 
them  or  run  opposition  lines  through  their  territory  f  The  stock  of  the 
Northwestern  Company  was  doubled,  and  its  lines  leased  by  the  Western 
Union  at  this  inflated  value.  So  that  question  was  solved  and  a  new 
burden  heaped  upon  the  public. 

Is  this  the  way  that  a  great  company  should  treat  the  public,  or  even 
its  own  stockholders?    Did  they  not  know  that  by  this  course  newcom- 


STATEMENT   OF   GABDINEB   G.   HUBBABD.  55 

petition  would  arise  t  If  they  had  only  studied  the  history  of  the  tele- 
graph,  and  some  of  the  directors  must  have  known  it,  they  would  have 
foreseen  the  result,  for  prior  to  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  the  Pacific  and 
Atlantic  had  been  bought  out;  prior  to  that  the  Franklin;  prior  to  that 
the  Merchants  and  Brokers';  prior  to  that  the  United  States;  prior  to 
that  the  American,  and  so  on  od  infinitum.  The  whole  history  of  the 
Western  Union,  from  its  commencement,  in  1858,  down  to  the  present 
time,  with  the  exception  of  ten  years,  from  1868  to  1878,  has  been  a 
succession  of  purchases  of  competing  lines,  paying  two  or  three  for  one^ 
throwing  extra  burdens  upon  the  people,  and  adding  debt  to  debt  and 
stock  to  stock. 

It  is  these  things,  Mr.  Chairman,  it  is  this  change  in  the  policy  of  the 
Western  Union  that  has  led  the  public  to  inquire  if  this  thing  has  not 
gone  far  enough  ;  if  it  is  not  time  that  the  interests  of  the  pubUc  should 
be  consulted ;  if  enough  has  not  been  done  for  the  stockholders,  and  if  the 
public  have  not  some  rights  which  should  be  regarded. 

But  Mr.  Evarts  and.  Dr.  Green  say  if  the  public  wish  to  go  into  the 
telegraph  business  they  are  welcome  to  do  so,  provided  they  will  pur- 
chase the  lines  of  the  Western  Union  at  an  appraisement.  They  say, 
and  truly,  that  the  business  of  telegraphing  is  and  must  be  a  monox)oly, 
whether  carried  on  by  the  Government  or  by  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company.  It  is  true,  other  competing  companies  have  been  lately 
started.  There  are  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company,  the  Bankers  and 
Brokers',  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  each  of  those  with  capitals  larger  in 
proportion  to  the  lines  and  business  than  that  of  the  Western  Union. 
The  newspapers  say  that  Mr.  Garrett  will  be  here  to-morrow,  when  he 
will  tell  you  that  he  does  not  propose  to  be  bought  up.  So  he  said  in 
1877  and  1878,  when  he  built  lines  for  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio.  But 
subsequently  he  became  a  director  in  one  of  the  competing  lines,  and 
sold  out  to  the  Western  Union,  as  he  is  bound  to  do  again. 

Mr.  Beiff.  That  is  not  correct,  Mr.  Hubbard.  He  never  sold  any 
lines.  His  lines  were  built  for  him.  So  neither  of  those  statements 
can  be  correct.  ' 

Mr.  HxTBBABD.  I  am  not  in  the  habit,  gentlemen,  of  making  state- 
ments witJiOut  some  authority  for  them.  In  1877  and  1878  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  built  certain  Unes  of  telegraph.  Subsequently,  as  you 
will  find  by  reference  to  a  recent  number  of  the  National  BepubUcan^ 
Mr.  Garrett  became  a  director  in  one  of  the  opposition  lines  to  which 
I  have  referred,  and  that  company,  according  to  his  own  statement, 
sold  out  its  lines  which  had  cost  $4,000,000  to  the  Western  Union  for 
$15,000,000.  That  is  Mr.  Garrett's  statement,  as  published  in  a  late 
number  of  the  National  Bepublican,  and  that  is  partly  my  authority. 

Mr.  Beiff.  K  the  chairman  will  allow  me,  lest  a  wrong  impression 
should  be  created  concerning  this,  I  will  state  what  Mr.  Garrett  did  say 
and  did  do.  He  did  become  a  director  in  the  American  Union,  but  it 
was  for  the  purpose  of  allying  the  lines  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  sys- 
tem with  that  line,  and  so  build  up  competition.  He  became  a  director 
with  that  view.  He  had  no  part  in  selling  the  American  Union  to  the 
Western  Union,  because  he  was  a  minority.  And  this  is  what  he  did 
not  do :  He  did  not  allow  the  interests  of  the  Baltimoi*e  and  Ohio  to  be 
transferred.    The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  system  remains  intact. 

The  Ohaibman.  As  I  understand  Mr.  Eeiff,  he  first  sold  his  interest 
in  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  to  the  American  Union. 

Mr.  Beiff.  No,  sir;  he  agreed  to  ally  his  interests  with  them  by  con- 
tract; but  that  contract  was  not  ready  to  be  carried  out  when  the  Amer- 
ican Union  was  transferred  to  the  Western  Union* 


S6  STATEMENT  OP  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Then,  as  I  nnderstand  it,  he  agreed  to  ally  his  lines 
'With  the  American  Union ;  became  a  director  in  that  company  and  as 
«  minority  stockholder,  was  forced  to  sell  lines  which  cost  $4,000,000, 
according  to  his  own  statement,  for  $15,000,000. 

Mr.  Beiff.  Mr.  Hubbard  is  quite  correct  when  he  says  the  American 
Union  was  sold  for  $15,000,000  stock  ;  that  is  true.  Bnt  the  contract 
of  alliance  which  Mr.  Garrett  made  for  his  own  system  of  lines  with  the 
American  Union  was  not  allowed  to  be  transfen^ed. 

The  Chairman.  Bnt  these  lines  were  transferred  t 

Mr.  Beiff.  The  American  Union,  which  was  a  separate  company, 
T^as  transferred.  Mr.  OaiTctt  had  a  stock  interest  in  the  American 
Union.  That  went  over.  Bat  the  Garrett  lines  of  telegraph  did  not 
^o  over. 

Senator  Palmer.  He  was  personally  benefited,  then,  by  the  transfer! 

Mr.  Beiff.  Tes ;  I  suppose  he  was,  to  the  extent  of  the  profit  on  his 
money  invested.  But  he  afterwards  withdrew  from  the  American 
Union. 

Senator  Wilson.  What  was  the  proportionate  valne  of  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  lines  involved  in  that  agreement  as  compared  with  the  value 
of  the  American  Union  t 

Mr.  Beiff.  In  regard  to  mileage  t 

Senator  Wilson.  No  ;  as  to  the  comparative  value. 

Mr.  Beiff.  There  was  never  any  cash  value  placed  upon  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  lines  in  that  transaction. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  understand  that;  but  I  am  speaking  of  what 
would  have  been  a  fair  estimate  of  the  value,  or  what  it  was  considered 
at  the  time  was  the  value,  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  lines  Involved  in 
that  agreement  and  which  were  withheld  from  the  arrangement  between 
the  American  Union  and  the  Western  Union. 

Mr.  Beiff.  They  were  considered  valuable  in  this,  that  they  were 
in  shape  not  to  be  transferred  except  by  consent  of  the  Baltimore  aud 
Ohio  Bailroad  Company,  and  that  railroad  reached  from  Baltimore  over 
the  entire  Baltimore  and  Ohio  system  to  Chicago,  Saint  Louis,  and 
Oiucinnati. 

Senator  Wilson.  Was  it  supposed  that  they  were  of^  say,  equal  value 
with  the  lines  that  entered  into  the  other  t 

Mr.  Beiff.  Oh,  no,  sir. 

Senator  Palmer.  What  was  their  relative  value,  Mr.  Wilson  wants 
to  know  t 

Mr.  Beiff.  I  do  not  believe  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  system,  at  that 
time,  was  equal  in  mileage  to  15  per  cent. ;  they  have  been  largely  in- 
creased since. 

Senator  Palmer.  On  the  whole  t 

Mr.  Beiff.  On  the  whole  American  Uni  on  lines. 

Senator  Palmer.  The  American  Union  and  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio. 

Mr.  Beiff.  No,  sir. 

Senator  Palmer.  15  per  cent,  of  the  whole  f 

Mr.  Beiff.  No,  sir ;  I  mean  of  the  American  Union  proper. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  We  will  get  at  the  truth  after  awhile.  If  I  under- 
stand it,  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  bunt  its  lines  and  made  an  alliance  with 
the  American  Union.  Mr.  Garrett  became  a  director  in  that  company, 
and  as  a  protesting  minority  stockholder  these  lines  sold  out,  which  he 
says  were  worth  about  $4,000,000,  for  $15,000,000,  he  all  the  time  pro- 
testing. 

Mr.  Beiff.  I  do  not  say  he  protested.  The  point  I  make  is  that  he 
did  not  allow  his  railroad  line  to  go  over. 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   O.    HUBBARD.  57 

Mr.  HxTBBARD.  I  beg  pardon;  I  thought  yon  used  the  word.  Dr 
Oreen  stated  the  other  day  that  the  Western  Union  owned  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  lines,  and  that  a  snit  was  now  landing  which  would  be 
decided  in  its  favor,  giving  it  the  ownership  of  those  lines.  The  evi- 
dence, as  we  now  havQ  it,  is  that  the  Western  Union  believed  they  were 
buying  those  lines  of  Mr.  Gharrett,  and  that  Mr.  Garret  supposed  he  was 
selling  them. 

Mr.  Bbipf.  That  claim  of  the  Western  Union  was  on  an  old  contract 
made  a  good  many  years  ago,  which  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  insisted  had 
lapsed  with  time.  It  has  no  relation  to  any  transfer  matters  with  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  or  the  American  Union. 

Mr.  Hi^BBARD.  It  is  a  matter  of  entire  indifference  to  me  how  this 
point  shall  be  settled.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  merits  of  the  case. 
My  proposition  is  that  the  telegraph  business  is,  and  of  necessity  must 
be,  a  monopoly ;  that  it  always  has  been  a  monopoly ;  that  it  always 
will  be  a  monopoly ;  that  it  is  not  for  the  interest  of  the  country  nor 
lor  the  interest  of  the  companies  that  competing  lines  should  be  estab- 
lished ;  where  consolidation  is  possible  there  competition  is  impossible. 
What  is  a  competing  line  good  for  so  far  as  the  public  is  concerned  t 
Within  the  year  past  there  were  three  offices  in  the  Wiilard  block  in  this 
city,  each  having  competing  lines,  each  sending  messages  to  New  York. 
The  effect  of  such  competition  is  simply  to  increase  the  cost  of  the 
business  without  adding  one  farthing  to  the  accommodation  of  the  public. 
It  is  the  interest  of  the  public  and  &e  companies,  that  they  should  con- 
solidate, and  what  is  for  their  interest  they  will  do.  You  cannot  prevent 
consolidation,  try  what  you  will.  The  telegraph  is  bound  to  be  a  mono^ 
oly,  whether  managed  by  the  Government  or  by  private  corporation8^v 

It  is  true,  as  Mr.  Evarts  has  stated,  that  if  the  Government  build 
lines  and  fix  th  e  charges  at  the  rates  proposed  in  one  of  the  bills  before 
the  committee,  there  will  be  an  enormous  deficit  year  by  year.  The 
Treasury  will  pay  those  losses,  and  as  no  private  company  can  compete 
with  the  Government,  the  Western  Union  will  be  ruined,  must  be  ruined. 
Mr.  Evarts  says,  that  being  the  case,  you  are  bound,  gentlemen,  by  the 
act  of  1866,  and  by  common  honesty,  to  take  our  lines  at  an  appraised 
valuation.  As  I  understand  and  have  always  been  informed  in  regard 
to  this  act  of  1866  [addressing  Senator  Wilson] — passed  when  you  wSfe 
in  Congress. 

Senator  Wilson.  Yes,  I  was  here  in  1866. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Then  you  can  perhaps  correct  me  if  I  am  wrong.  An 
application  was  made  at  that  time  for  the  incorporation  of  the  National 
Telegraph  Company,  and  a  hearing  was  had  before  the  Judiciary  Com- 
mittee.   Were  you  a  member  of  that  committee  then  t 

Senator  Wilson.  Yes,  of  the  House. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  I  think  it  was  in  the  House.  Several  telegraph  com- 
panies were  present  that  wanted  to  obtain  certain  privileges  which  the 
Government  alone  coAld  give.  They  compromised  various  opposing 
interests,  and  this  act  of  1866  was  passed  at  the  request  of  the  telegraph 
companies,  giving  certain  rights  to  them.  A  provision  was  inserted  in 
the  act  that  the  Government  should  have  the  right  to  buy  the  lines  at 
an  appraisement;  but  the  act  was  not  binding  upon  any  company  unless 
the  company  in  writing  accepted  its  provisions.  The  Western  Union 
and  the  other  companies  accepted  those  provisions,  and  are  thereby 
bocmd  to  sell  out  if  the  Government  wishes  to  buy. 

Mr.  Evarts  says  that  while  the  Government  have  thQ  power  to  erect 
neyi  lines  it  would  be  an  arbitrary  and  unjust  exercise  of  power  unless 
it  buys  the  lines  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.    I  admit 


58  STATEMENT  OF  GARDINER  G  HUBBARD. 

> 

fully  the  proposition  of  Mr.  Evarts,  if  the  capital  of  the  Western  UnioD 
had  been  contributed  by  the  stockholders,  and  if  its  great  plant  had 
been  built  up  by  their  money.  But  what  are  the  facts  of  the  case  f 
Have  the  stockholders  put  their  hands  into  their  own  pockets  and  built 
the  lines,  or  have  they  put  their  hands  into  the  pockets  of  the  public 
for  that  purpose  t  That  is  the  question.  Examine  their  reports,  and 
you  will  find  that  they  commenced  in  1866  with  75,000  miles  of  wire, 
and  that  in  1883  they  had  432,000  miles  of  wire ;  then  5,000,000  mes- 
sages, now  41,000,000.  Not  a  particle  of  money  has  come  out  of  their 
pockets,  but  these  lines  were  built  from  the  profits  of  the  business  over 
and  above  the  cash  dividends  of  over  $30,000,000,  and  925,800,000  in 
stock  dividends.  It  seems  to  me,  gentlemen,  that  the  power  is  on  the 
side  of  the  monoi)oly,  and  the  right  on  the  side  of  the  public.  This 
monopoly  has  taken  the  money  from  the  people  to  construct  these  hnes, 
and  now  says  to  the  public,  ^^  If  you  wish  these  lines,  having  paid  for 
them  once,  you  must  pay  for  them  over  again." 

Senator  Wilson.  Have  you  ever  given  attention  to  the  matter  of  as- 
certaining how  much  of  the  capital  of  the  stockholders  went  iuto  the 
construction  of  the  lines  in  fact  t 

Senator  Jackson.  Actual  cash  invested. 

Senator  Wilson.  Yes ;  actual  cash  invested  by  the  stockholders  of 
the  companies. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  I  suppose  that  the  stockholders  propw  of  the  Westeni 
Union  have  put  in  in  actual  cash  about  $500,000.  I  do  not  think 
they  can  show  tliat  they  have  ever  put  in  mcure  than  $500,000.  But 
^hat  is  not  quite  a  fair  statement,  for  the  Western  Union  have  pur- 
chased competing  lines,  whidi  have  cost  money,  and  paid  for  th^n  by 
the  issue  of  the  stock. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  wonki  be  fair  to  include  that  in  yoor  answer 
to  my  suggestion. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  I  tiiink  there  has  been,  of  actual  cash,  pot  in  either 
by  the  Western  Union  or  by  other  companies,  about  $5,000,000 ;  less 
probably  than  more. 

The  following  statement  is  I  believe  sabstantially  correct,  and  shows 
how  the  capital  was  made  up : 

In  1868  its  capital  stock  was t38&,700  0(> 

Subsequently,  stock  was  issued  for  the  following  purposes : 

1858-1666.  For  cash  at  different  times 167,200  (K^ 

For  bonds  and  fractions  of  stock  dividends 146,600  00 

For  other  objects 182,053  55 

For  stock  dividends 17,810,146  4S 

For  lines  purchased 3,322,000  00 

January  6, 1866.    Total  capital |22,013»700  OO 

1866.  Stock  for  United  States  Telegraph  Company  and  United  States 

Pacific  Telegraph  Company 7,216,300  OO 

Stock  for  American  Telegraph  Company ^  $3, 833, 100  00 

JPor  dividends  to  American  Telegrapn  Company.    8,060,000  00 

11,  «33, 100  00 

1866.  Total  capital... A 41,063,100  00 

The  Ghatbman.  You  have  stated  that  if  the  provision  in  the  bill  which 
I  introduced  was  carried  out,  fixing  the  rate  at  a  cent  a  word,  it  would 
result  in  an  enormous  deficit.  I  would  like  to  refer  you  to  the  report  of 
the  Western  Fnion  for  1883,  in  which  they  show  that  they  transmitted 
"^ver  40,000,0.00  messages,  and  that  the  total  expense  of  the  company 


STATEMEUT   OF   QARDIKEB   O.   HUBBARD.  5& 

for  that  year  for  all  purposes  was  about  $11,000,000.    I  woald  like  to 
have  you  state  the  ground  for  the  proposition  you  have  made. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  The  average  cost  to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  is  25  cents  i>er  message— 3  cents  higher  than  it  was  three  years 
ago,  caused  by  the  extra  rentals,  in  part,  which  have  been  thrown  upon 
the  expenses.  Those  charges  are  divided  about  equally  between  charges 
dependent  upon  the  distance  of  transmission  and  charges  which  are  not 
affected  by  the  distance  of  transmission. .  That  is,  of  the  25  cents,  about 
14  cents  are  for  operators  and  instruments,  the  cost  of  which  increases 
somewhat  as  the  distance  increases.  The  other  11  cents  are  for  office 
expenses,  delivery,  and  other  similar  items  which  are  independent  of 
distance  and  are  the  same  whether  a  message  is  sent  10  miles  or  1,000 
miles.  The  average  cost'is  25  cents.  The  average  distance  of  trans- 
mission is  about  300  miles.  K  sent  less  than  300  miles  the  expenses  are 
reduced  to  14  or  15  cents.  If  sent  a  greater  distance  the  cost  is  increased 
to  about  32  cents.  If  you  sent  a  message  from  New  York  to  San  Fran- 
cisco containing  twenty  words  at  1  cent  a  word  you  would  collect  20 
cents,  while  the  cost  wUl  be  at  least  32  cents.  The  telegraph  will  be 
used  more  and  more  on  long  distances  than  now,  with  Uttle  increase 
on  the  business  between  the  cities  on  the  Atlantic  Coast,  because  at  1 
cent  a  word  the  charge  for  twenty  words  would  be  higher  than  the  present 
rate,  15  cents.  There  will  be  no  increase  in  the  business  from  New  York 
to  Bradford,  between  the  two  oil  exchanges,  where  it  is  only  10  cents. 
The  entire  increase  in  business  will  be  on  the  longer  routes,  where  the 
expenses  will  mount  up.  So  that  at  the  end  of  the  first  year  you  will 
have  a  very  large  deficit  to  face. 

The  Chaibman.  Let  us  see  about  that.  In  the  first  place,  you  as- 
sume that  the  messages  will  be  shorter  than  they  are  now. 

Mr.  Hdbbabd.  I  will  give  that  up.  I  am  inclined  to  think  they  will 
be  longer. 

The  Chaibmak.  Yes,  longer  on  account  of  the  cheaper  rate. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Yes. 

The  Chatbman.  You  speak  about  the  increased  number  of  messages 
for  the  longer  distances.  Take  the  distance,  say,  firom  here  to  Chicago; 
there  would  be  an  enormous  increase  in  that  portion  of  the  busuiess. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Yes,  there  would  be  an  enormous  increase  between 
those  places,  and  a  large  profit  unless  t^e  greater  part  of  the  business 
is  now  done  at  a  large  discount  from  the  nominal  rate,  which  I  believe 
is  the  case. 

The  Chaibman.  Is  it  any  more  expensive  really  to  send  a  message 
from  Washington  to  Chicago  than  from  Washington  to  New  York  t 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  It  is  very  little  more  exx>ensi ve  to  send  a  message  from 
Washington  to  Chicago  than  from  Washington  to  New  York,  but  it 
costs  considerable  more  to  send  a  message  to  a  place  ten  miles  this  side 
of  Chicago  than  to  Chicago,  or  to  New  York.  With  the  present  im- 
proved wires  a  message  can  be  sent  to-day  from  New  York  to  San  Fran- 
cisco for  a  less  sum  than  to  some  offices  within  twenty -five  miles  of  New 
York. 

The  true  way,  if  your  bill  should  be  adopted  by  the  committee — ^with 
all  due  respect  to  the  chairman  and  to  the  committee — will  be  to  have 
two  rates;  one  under  a  thousand  miles  and  the  other  over.  You  cannot, 
within  any  reasonable  period,  construct  lines  enough  to  transact  the 
business  which  would  be  offered  at  these  rates  between  distant  offices. 
You  cannot  find  wire  enough  to  build  them,  nor  operators  enough  to 
operate  the  lines;  and  for  the  protection  of  tne  system  itself  you  must 
have  a  discrimination  in  rates  for  day  messages,  or  you  will  fail,  for 


60  STATEMENT   OF   OABDIKEB   G.   HIJBBABD. 

night  messages  a  uniform  rate,  and  after  the  business  is  fairly  inauga- 
rated,  say,  in  Ave  or  six  years,  you  can  maintain  a  uniform  rate  of  one 
«ent  a  word. 

Senator  Palmbb.  I  understood  Dr.  Oreen  to  say  that  in  messages 
•over  long  distances  a  repetition  was  essential,  and  that  increased  the 
<X)st.  How  do  you  regard  that  statement  f  For  instance,  I  understood 
you  to  say  now  that  you  could  send  a  message  to  San  Francisco  cheaper 
than  you  could  to  some  i)oint  within  twenty -five  miles  of  New  York. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  My  statement  was  a  little  more  guarded  than  that 
I  said  if  the  best  lines  were  in  operation  from  New  York  to  San  Fran- 
•cisco,  you  could  send  messages  cheaper  than  to  some  places  within  25 
miles  of  New  York.  Now  let  me  explain.  Under  the  old  system,  with 
small  wires,  lines  badly  erected,  a  message  could  not  be  transmitted  over 
IJOO  miles  without  repetition,  they  were  then  received  by  one  operator 
and  transmitted  by  another.  Then  self-repeating  instruments  were  de- 
vised, which  operated  automatically,  requiring  only  an  ordinary  laborer 
to  watch  it.  Now  they  have  improved  lines  between  New  York  and 
Ohicago  and  messages  are  sent  without  repetition  or  repeaters.  If  a 
similar  line  was  continued  to  San  Francisco  there  would  probably  be 
one  repetition  at  Chicago  and  another  at  Cheyenne  or  Ogden,  requiring 
the  services  of  two  or£nary  men  at  low  wages.  But  there  are  some 
offices  within  25  miles  of  New  York  to  which  the  message  is  sent  od  a 
main  line  with  an  expensive  operator  to  a  small  station  where  it  is  re- 
•ceived  by  a  subordinate  operator  who  cannot  receive  more  than  half  as 
fast  as  the  New  York  operator  can  send.  The  message  is  then  repeated 
upon  another  line,  and  then  on  to  a  third  line,  making  three  repetitions, 
not  by  self-repeaters,  but  by  operators,  and  thus  it  costs  more  to  send 
to  that  little  station  than  to  send  to  San  Francisco.  The  difficulty  is 
not  in  sending  long  distances,  between  great  places,  but  from  large  cities 
to  small  offices. 

The  Chaibdcan.  Let  me  ask  your  opinion  as  to  the  effect  the  very 
large  increase  of  business,  which  will  occur  in  consequence  of  the  re- 
duction of  rates,  will  have  upon  the  cost  of  sending  messages.  How 
much  would  a  very  large  increase  in  the  number  of  messages  to  be  sent 
decrease  the  actual  cost  per  message  t 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  The  average  cost  of  transmitting  messages  is  now 
25  cents ;  I  suppose  about  6  or  7  cents  is  for  interest  on  leased  lines, 
taxes,  and  other  fixed  charges,  making  the  actual  cost  about  18  cents, 
this  cost,  if  the  business  were  doubl^,  could  be  reduced  to  12  or  15 
•cents.  The  Western  Union  now  send  messages  between  the  oil  ex- 
changes in  New  York  and  Bradford,  about  four  or  five  hundred  miles, 
for  10  cents.  As  they  fix  their  own  price,  they  make  money  at  these 
rates.  It  costs,  therefore,  less  than  10  cents  to  do  that  particular  busi- 
ness. Ordinary  messages  cost  more  because  they  are  received,  nam- 
bered,  dated,  and  filed  away  at  the  receiving  office,  and  at  the  other 
end  are  copied  by  a  letter-press,  enveloped,  directed,  and  delivered  at  a 
•cost  of  aboat  4  cents.  So  that  14  cents  is  probably  the  fair  cost  of  a 
message  sent  three  or  four  handred  miles.  They  fix  the  price  from  here 
to  New  York  at  15  cents,  which  is  about  the  same  rate  as  between 
the  two  oil  exchanges,  adding  the  4  cents  for  office  expenses.  Under  a 
postal  system  some  of  these  expenses  are  unnecessary,  especially  a  letter- 
press copy  of  every  message,  and,  therefore,  deducting  from  25  cents, 
the  present  cost,  the  loading  for  rentals,  taxes,  arid  these  expensess  the 
cost  will  be  about  12  or  15  cents  per  message,  which  is  probably  rather 
more  than  the  cost  in  Belgium. 

The  Chaibman.  I  do  not  remember  that,  but  in  France  it  is  only  14 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   O.    HUBBARD.  61 

cents.  In  your  opinion  woald  the  Government  be  able  to  do  this  busi- 
ness as  cheaply  or  more  cheaply  if  conducted  in  connection  with  the 
Post-Office  Department  than  the  existing  companies  t 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Yes,  sir;  I  think  so.  Some  office  expenses  will  be  saved 
and  many  postmasters  will  quickly  become  operators.  I  have  had  consid- 
erable acquaintance  with  oar  postal  service,  and  I  do  not  believe  there 
is  any  corporate  business  in  this  country  managed  more  economically 
than  the  Post-Uf&ce  Department.  I  do  not  believe  you  can  find  any 
great  corporation  that  is  managed  more  faithfully  than  the  United  States 
Treasury,  with  as  little  loss,  or  a  more  thoroagh  system  of  accounta- 
bility. Even  our  big  railroad  corporations  are  unable  to  take  care  of 
themselves,  and  have  appointed  a  dictator,  Mr.  Albert  Fink,  to  regu- 
late their  rates. 

Senator  Palmbb.  Dr.  Oreen  laid  some  stress  upon  the  distinction 
between  the  cost  of  operators  repeating  these  messages  and  these  auto- 
matic repeaters.  Is  there  any  reason  why  there  should  not  be  auto- 
matic  repeaters  or  self-repeaters  on  all  those  lines  where  messages* 
require  to  be  repeated  t 

Mr.  Hubbard.  On  all  the  great  lines  you  can  have  them,  but  at  way 
stations  an  operator  must  be  employed. 

In  this  connection  I  will  refer  to  another  statement  of  Dr.  Green  as 
a  reason  why  telegrams  cost  more  here  than  abroad.  He  said  that  our 
operators  have  higher  wages ;  but  he  did  not  tell  you  that  our  operators 
do  more  work  than  abroad,  and  that  per  message  the  cost  is  less  per 
operator  here  than  abroad. 

Senator  Palmer.  Suppose  it  were  practicable  to  send  a  message 
without  repetition  throagh  to  San  Francisco,  what  would  be  the  per- 
centage of  increase  of  cost  in  consequence  of  being  compelled  to  use 
these  automatic  repeaters  t 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Where  you  do  a  large  business,  practically  no  more. 
But  I  repeat,  it  is  not  the  through  business  but  the  local  and  way  busi- 
ness that  costs.  If  there  was  nothing  bat  through  business  you  could 
do  it  at  a  cent  a  word,  and  make  any  quantity  of  money  out  of  it,  pro- 
vided you  had  good  lines. 

Senator  Palmer.  This  matter  of  repetition,  then,  is  not  an  item  in 
the  increase  of  cost  t 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Not  at  all.  You  can  see  for  yourselves ;  you  pay  an 
operator  $2  a  day  who  can  overlook  four  or  five  thousand  messages,  or 
less  than  a  mill  per  message.  The  cost  of  repairs  of  lines  is  between 
2i  and  3  cents  per  message. 

Something  was  said  al^ut  the  proportion  of  social  and  business  mes- 
sages abroad,  and  as  I  have  a  statement  I  will  give  it  for  Belgium  for 
the  years  1880  and  1881 : 

Dispatches  of  exchange  (money  dispatches)  3.66  per  cent,  in  1880;  3.31 
in  1881. 

Commercial  transactions,  39.99  per  cent,  in  1880;  39.77  in  1881. 

Private  affairs,  55.10  per  cent,  in  1880;  55.53  in  1881. 

You  will  remember,  perhaps,  that  Dr.  Green  said  the  proportion  of 
social  messages  in  this  country  was  about  five  per  cent.,  and  that  he  did 
not  think  it  could  be  very  much  larger  abroad. 

Senator  Palmer.  One  other  question  I  would  like  to  have  you  con- 
sider before  you  get  through,  and  I  think  what  I  refer  to  is  going  to  be 
•the  greatest  obstruction  to  the  passage  of  either  Mr.  Hill's  or  Mr.  Ed- 
munds' bill,  and  that  is  the  moral  aspect  of  the  question.  This  stock  of 
the  Western  Union  is  not  all  in  first  hands;  it  has  been  bought  by  third 
parties,  or  innocent  parties,  as  you  might  say,  at  the  enhanced  value, 


€2  STATEMENT   OF   QASDINEB   O.   HUBBABD. 

and  these  bills  propose  to  annihilate  this  valne.  How  wonld  yon  treat 
thatt 

Mr.  HuBBAED.  When  the  innocent  lie  down  with  the  guihy  they  most 
Buffer  the  consequences. 

Senator  Palmeb.  I  think  tl^.  is  the  most  diflScult  part  of  the  whole 
question.  This  stock  has  been4>oughtfor  investment  by  innocent  parties 
who  thought  it  was  a  good  thing  for  investment.  They  are  certainly 
not  open  to  the  charge  of  having  robbed  the  public. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  They  have  associated  with  others  who  have  robbed 
the  public. 

Senator  Wilson.  Is  there  a  complete  severance  in  that  regard  be- 
tween the  public,  as  represented  by  its  i)olitical  power,  and  the  so-called 
innocent  parties  who  have  invested  in  this  stock t  In  other  words,  has 
not  the  public,  being  possessed  of  the  power  to  interfere^  stood  by  and 
let  this  thing  go  on  and  allowed  innocent  parties  to  become  involved  in 
such  investments  t  And  would  it  be  fair  on  the  part  of  the  public,  hav- 
ing thus  stood  by,  now  to  come  in  .and  deprive  those  innocent  parties  of 
the  value  of  their  investments  t  That  is  a  feature  of  the  case  that  I 
think  it  is  well  to  consider.  I  put  it  as  a  question  for  discussion  rather 
than  as  a  conclusion. 

Senator  Maxby.  A  very  clear  maxim  of  law  well  stated  in  your  own 

Mr.  UxTBBABD.  Fifteen  years  ago  the  Western  Union  announced  pub- 
licly in  their  reports  and  in  the  newspapers  that  there  should  be  no  farther 
increase  of  the  capital  of  their  company  except  by  a  two-thirds  vote  ot 
the  directors.    I  will  read  the  vote : 

The  Board  of  Directors  may  hire  or  pnrohase  the  lines,  or  purchase  the  stock,  of  any 
other  telegraph  company ;  bnt  neither  the  capital  stock  nor  the  bonded  debt  of  the 
company  shall  be  increased  beyond  the  amount  now  authorized,  except  by  the  writ- 
ten consent  of  two-thirds  of  the  directors,  entered  in  the  secretary's  reooids  of  pro- 
ceediuffs  of  the  board,  and  by  a  vote  of  the  stockholders  holding  a  majority  of  the 
•capital  stock  at  an  annual  meeting  or  at  a  special  meeting  called  for  that  purpose. 

As  I  understand  it  this  vote  was  passed  to  meet  the  objections  that 
the  Western  Union  had  largely  watered  their  stock,  and  was  a  pledge 
that  they  would  do  so  no  more.  They  made  annual  reductions  of  rates. 
The  public  were  satisfied,  and  deased  to  present  any  scheme  for  postskl 
telegraphy,  because  the  Western  Union  had  adopted  a  policy  which 
would  give  the  country  cheap  rates.  This  policy  they  changed  in  the 
year  1881,  but  it  was  some  time  before  it  was  fuUy  understood  by  the 
public  that  the  Western  Union  Were  making  enormous  stock  dividends, 
piling  capital  upon  capital,  millions  at  a  time.  The  last  act  was  con- 
summated less  than  a  year  ago,  and  now  the  public  ask,  '<  What  right 
have  you  to  demand  that  the  public  shall  pay  a  high  price  for  these  lines 
which  cost  you  nothing  t^  I  know  that  neither  Mr.  Hill  nor  Mr.  Ed- 
munds or  anybody  else  would  object  to  paying  the  market  value  of  the 
property  before  this  extra  capital  was  issued.  But  do  you  suppose  that 
there  is  any  stockholder  in  the  Western  Union  that  did  Qot  know  that 
#15,000,000  of  stock  dividends  had  been  paid  t  Did  they  not  see  it  in 
the  press  T  Did  they  not  have  notice  of  it  t  Did  they  not  have  tjieir 
share  of  it  in  their  pockets  t 

Senator  Palheb.  But  how  about  those  who  have  purchased  since 
thent 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  The  annual  reports  of  the  Western  Union  show  that 
they  have  $15,000,000  of  undivided  assets  yet  on  hand,  and  the  new 
stockholders  have  purchased  because  they  expected  that  tnis  $15,000,000 
will  be  divided  and  they  will  get  a  large  stock  dividend  by  and  by*. 


STATEMENT    OF   GABDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  63 

These  are  the  innocent  stockholders.  There  are  no  innocent  stockhold- 
ers, for  all  had  notice  of  the  policy  of  the  company  and  of  its  directors. 

Senator  Palmer.  How  many  stockholders  are  there  t 

Mr.  Hubbard.  I  do  not  kiiow. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Green  said  2,900.  Does  any  one  assume  that 
we,  as  legislators,  in  the  interest  of  the  people,  cannot  provide  a  system 
of  telegraphing  irrespective  of/my  individual  or  corporation  t  It  is  a 
well-known  fact  that  one  man  orthose  2,900  stockholders  owns  m<Mre  than 
half  of  all  the  stock  in  the  Western  Union.  Will  it  be  contended  that 
we  cannot  give  the  people  a  cheap  telegraph  service  bedanse  there  are 
some  stockholders  that  might  be  injured  by  itf  Under  the  law  any 
company  can  enter  into  competition  with  th^  Western  Union,  or  any 
individual  can  do  it,  and  break  down  the  valae  of  its  stock. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  was  a  suggestion  involved  in  Mr.  Evarts'  div- 
cussiou  of  the  question. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  What  is  this  telegraph  system  t  Who  is  interested 
in  it  f  Are  the  people  interested  it  t  Have  they  anything  to  do  with 
it  t  Dr.  Green  has  told  you  that  only  5  per  cent,  of  the  telegrams  are 
sent  on  social  business ;  10  or  12  per  cent,  by  the  press ;  the  rest  by 
a  few  business  houses.  I  believe  there  are  less  than  one  per  cent  of  the 
whole  population  of  the  United  States  that  ever  use  the  telegraph. 
Why  is  this  t  Because  the  rates  are  so  high.  In  proportion  to  the  legit- 
imate expenses  the  amount  of  business  and  the  profits  of  the  company, 
they  are  higher  now  at  38  cents  than  fifteen  years  ago  at  $1.04.  Tbe 
rates  now,  as  then,  are  unequal  ai^d  irregular.  They  are  higher  in  the 
East  than  in  the  West.  My  friend  from  Iowa,  Senator  Wilson,  can- 
not send  a  telegram  from  his  home  to  any  place  within  200  miles  as 
cheap  as  I  can  from  my  home  in  Boston.  The  rates  are  higher  in  the 
South  than  in  the  West ;  higher  on  the  Pacific  slope  than  on  the  At- 
lantic coast.  The  company  discriminates  in  favor  of  business  and  rail- 
road interests,  and,  so  far  as  these  interests  are  concerDed,  they  are  well 
subserved.  There  is  no  better  telegraph  system  in  the  whole  world 
than  that  of  the  Western  Union,  where  prompt  service  is  required  and 
the  price  is  of  little  moment.  There  is  no  country  where  telegrams  are 
sent  more  promptly  or  so  correctly  as  b^  the  Western  Union.  I  have 
had  pretty  large  exx>erience  the  last  few  years  in  Europe  in  telegraphing, 
and  I  say  what  I  believe  to  be  the  truth  in  that  respect. 

Mr.  Evarts  said  that  the  Western  Union  were  obliged  to  send  tele- 
grams in  the  order  in  which  they  were  received;  this  they  do  according 
to  the  letter  of  the  law,  but  not  according  to  the  spirit.  If  a  merchant 
in  New  York^  wishing  to  send  an  order  to  Bradford  to  buy  100  barrels 
of  oiL  goes  to  the  operator  in  the  Oil  ExohaDge  and  asks  him  to  take 
his  telegram  and  send  it  for  10  cents  he  will  not  take  it,  as  he  is  not  a 
member  of  the  Exchange.  He  must  go  to  another  office,  perhaps  half 
a  mile  o£f,  pay  25  cents,  and  send  his  telegram,  and  instead  of  getting 
an  answer  while  waiting  at  the  counter  at  the  Oil  Exchange,  he  must 
wait  an  hour  or  two  before  he  can  hear  whether  the  oil  is  bought.  The 
same  is  true  between  the  com  exchanges  of  New  York  and  Chicago  and 
other  places.  Tdegrams  are  sent  at  greatly  reduced  rates  and  more 
promptly  than  for  merchants  not  members  of  the  exchange,  and  thus 
great  discrimiDations  are  made.  And  yet  we  are  told  all  messages  are 
sent  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  received  I  that  there  is  no  priority 
and  all  fare  alike.  • 

A  few  years  ago  a  man  in  Cincinnati  had  a  little  news  bureau.  His 
correspondent  in  New  York  collected  the  news  of  the  market  every 
morning^  forwarded  it  through  the  Western  Union  office,  and  it  was  sent 


i 


t 

I 

64  STATEMENT  OF  GABDINER  O.  HUBBARD.        ^ 

over  the  through  line.  The  Western  Union  afterward^'  monopolized 
that  business,  as  they  monopolize  everything  that  they  can  put  their 
hands  on.  Asked  him  to  sell  out.  He  said  '^  No,  I  am  making  a  very 
good  thing  of  this  business,  and  I  prefer  to  keep  it."  The  Western 
Union  stopped  sending  his  messages  on  the  through  line  and  transmitted 
tliem  on  a  way  line  I  There  was  no  priority  for  their  messages !  Oh,  do  ! 
they  only  sent  them  on  the  through  line,  while  the  others  went  on  the 
way  line.  Those  that  went  by  the  way  line  were  longer  in  getting 
through,  and  when  received  the  customers  of  the  Western  Union  had 
received  the  prices  and  acted  on  them.  Ko  priority,  only  the  man  was 
ruined.  He  was  obliged  to  give  up  his  business  to  the  Western  UjpioD, 
and  they  now  monopolize  it.  ^ 

The  Western  Union  system  is  especially  a  railroad  system.  Nine 
thousand  offices  out  of  thirteen  thousand  are  at  railroad  stations,  remote 
^m  business  centers,  maintained  by  railroad  operators  for  the  benefit 
of  the  railroad  company.  I  had  occasion  two  or  three  years  ago  to  use 
the  wires  for  about  half  an  hour  from  here  to  a  small  town  in  Massa- 
chusetts. Every  once  in  a  while,  however,  there  was  a  clicking  and  an 
interruption.  ^*  What  is  the  matter  t "  was  asked.  '^  The  railroad  have 
the  prior  right  to  the  wires."  I  had  to  stop  because  it  was  a  railroad 
system,  and  its  business  had  priority.  And  so  it  is  at  the  9,000  offices 
belonging  to  railroads,  and  all  business  that  comes  or  goes  to  tl^ose 
offices  stops  when  the  railroads  want  to  use  the  lines. 

But,  gentlemen,  these  questions  of  rates  are  of  minor  imx)ortance  in  the 
consideration  of  this  matter.  There  is  something,  a«  it  seems  to  me,  of 
more  vital  importance  in  this  discussion  than  an^'thing  wliich  has  been 
referred  to.  It  is  the  relations  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany to  the  social,  business,  and  political  interests  of  our  people. 

The  Western  Union  Company  is  a  little  corporation  controlled  by  an 
executive  committee  of  three  or  four  gentlemen  sitting  in  their  office  in 
New  York.  Its  wires  run  all  over  the  country,  extending  by  their  con- 
nections into  each  part  of  the  globe.  This  company  controls  the  market 
price  of  each  article  that  is  dealt  in  in  every  mart  in  this  country.*  It 
controls,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  all  the  news — social,  political,  and 
general,  that  is  sent  over  its  wires,  and  every  important  personal  tele- 
graphic communication.  This  corporation  is  uncontrolled  by  any  law 
save  the  interests  of  its  directors,  for  there  is  no  law  on  our  statute- 
books  to  regulate  this  vast  business.  ThiB  laws  of  the  several  States 
have  no  power  to  regulate  it,  for  its  lines  and  business  run  from  one  State 
and  one  continent  to  another,  and  the  instant  its  lines  pass  from  one 
State  into  another  they  are  beyond  the  reach  of  the  laws  of  the  first 
State,  which  are  powerless  beyond  its  boundries,  and  cannot  regulate  any 
message  going  into  another  State.  According  to  the  report  of  a  late  case 
before  Mr.  Justice  Field,  the  State  of  California  undertook  to  regulate 
the  rates  on  steamers  running  between  two  ports  in  California.  It  was 
decided  that  as  soqp  as  the  steamer  ran  out  of  the  waters  of  California 
into  the  ocean  that  instant  the  laws  of  California  ceased  to  have  any 
effect,  and  became  null  and  void.  If  this  decision  is  correct,  and  I 
think  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it  is,  no  State  can  pass  a  law  which 
shall  have  any  effect  upon  this  corporation.  It  is,  therefore,  a  corpora- 
tion unregulated  by  law. 

Is  there  anything  at  all  resembling  the  immense  power  of  this  corpo- 
ration, in  this  country,  aye,  or  in  any  other  country  f  Forty  million  mes- 
sages to-day ;  eighty  million  messages  five  years  hence ;  one  hundred 
und  sixty  million  messages  ten  years  hence :  all  intrusted  to  this  cor- 
poration.   Through  its  agents,  Uie  Gold  and  stock  Company,  it  collects 


STATEMENT   OF   GABDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  65 

the  market  news  evecy  morning  in  London  and  Paris,  sends  them  to 
!New  York,  whence  they  are  distribated  to  every  mart  and  hamlet 
throagh  the  length  and  breadth  of  this  land.  A  fraction  of  a  penny  on 
a  pound  of  cotton  is  a  fortune  to  any  man.  A  quarter  of  a  cent  in  the 
price  of  com  or  wheat  is  a  fortune.  They  admit  no  partnership  in  this 
part  of  their  business.  They  tolerate  no  rival,  no  control  in  the  supply 
of  market  reports  to  every  part  of  this  country. 

I  make  no  charges  against  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company. 
I  believe  that  in  this  respect  it  is  managed  as  fairly  and  honestly  as  any 
company  can  be  managed;  that  Dr.  Oreeu  is  a  man  in  whom  we  can 
place  implicit  confidence  and  trust.  But  I  say  that  it  is  a  power  too 
important^  too  vast,  to  be  entrusted  to  any  corporation,  to  any  set  of 
men.  It  is  a  duty  the  Government  owes  to  the  people  of  this  country 
to  regulate  this  business. 

And  how  is  it  with  the  press  newst  The  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  and  the  Associated  Press  make  a  close  corporation.  I  do  not 
mean  to  say  that  to-day  I  know  of  any  fault  to  be  found  with  the  man- 
agement, but  in  discussing  this  question  we  must  be  guided  by  the  ex- 
perience of  the  past,  and  inquire  what  power  this  company  can  exert  by 
learning  what  it  has  done  in  the  past. 

A  few  years  ago  two  papers  in  San  Francisco  favored  the  postal  tele- 
graph. Their  rates  were  raised.  One  of  them  died  because  it  could  not 
pay  them.  The  other  ceased  to  publish  attacks  on  the  Western  Union, 
and  was  restored  to  good-fellowship. 

A  paper  in  Virginia  several  years  ago  criticised  the  reports  that  were 
sent  to  it.  It  was  notified  that  if  it  published  any  criticisms  upon  the 
reports  they  would  be  stopped. 

A  few  years  ago  there  was  a  criticism  upon  some  action  of  Mr.  Orton, 
the  president  of  the  Western  Union.  The  next  day,  or  the  next  but  one, 
the  rates  of  that  paper  were  doubled.  It  ceased  to  receive  any  tele- 
graphic dispatches  because  it  could  not  pay  for  them. 

The  telegraph  company  can  raise  or  reduce  the  rates.  Its  control 
over  the  press  is  therefore  absolute.  It  has  the  power  of  life  and  death, 
for  the  telegraphic  news  is  the  vital  breath  of  the  daily  newspaper.  Such 
a  power  cannot  exist  without  its  exerting  a  pernicious  influence  on  pub- 
lic afiairs,  and  every  observant  public  man  has  long  perceived  the  de- 
moralizing influence  of  this  powerful  but  subtle  agency. 

Let  us  consider  the  x)Ower  of  the  telegraph  as  an  educator  of  the  peo- 
ple. The  current  history  of  the  times  is  &i3t  given  to  the  country  through 
the  telegraph.  ^^  Let  me  write  the  songs  of  the  people,  and  I  care  not 
who  makes  the  laws,"  is  an  old  saying.  Here  it  would  be  truer,  if  less 
poetical,  to  say  that  the  man  who  rules  the  Associated  Press  is  master 
of  the  situation ;  for  if  he  has  the  ability  to  wield  it  he  has  an  instrument 
for  shaping  the  opinions  of  the  millions,  which,  by  the  constancy,  uni- 
versality, and  rapidity  of  its  action,  defies  competition.  The  events 
which  take  place  in  all  business,  political,  and  religious  centers,  together 
with  the  actions  of  public  men  and  their  imputed  motives,  are  all  pre- 
sented simultaneous!}^  to  the  public,  from  ocean  to  ocean,  through  this 
instrumentality.  The  agents  who  collect  the  news  respond  to  me  cen- 
tral authority  at  New  Yprk,  and  are  subject  to  removal  at  its  pleasure. 
Here  is  a  i)Ower  greater  than  any  ever  wielded  by  the  French  Directory, 
because  in  an  era  when  public  opinion  is  omnipotent  it  can  give,  with- 
hold, or  color  the  information  which  shapes  that  opinion  at  its  pleasure. 
It  may  impart  an  irresistible  power  to  the  caprice  of  an  individual^  and 
the  reputation  of  the  ablest  and  purest  public  man  may  be  fatally  tainted 
in  every  town  and  village  on  the  continent  by  a  midnight  dispatch.  It 
8.  Rep.  577,  pt.  2 5 


66  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD. 

is  incompatible  with  public  safety  that  such  an  exclusive  power  to  speak 
to  the  whole  public  at  the  same  moment  upon  every  subject,  and  thus 
to  create  public  opinion,  should  be  under  the  absolute  control  of  a  cor- 
X)oration.  The  obstacles  which  the  telegraph  and  these  associations 
can  throw  in  the  way  of  any  new  journal  amount  to  virtual  prohibition 
against  publishing  a  firstclass.  independent  newspaper  in  the  land,  and 
thus  the  existing  combination  nas  possession  of  the  exclusive  privilege 
of  making  the  first  and,  with  many,  the  last  impression  of  every  event 

There  are  several  bUls  pending  before  this  committee.  The  bill  of 
Mr.  Edmunds,  of  the  chairman,  and  of  Mr.  Dawes,  each  with  different 
features. 

The  bill  of  Mr.  Dawes  is  similar  to  one  which  has  been  before  this 
committee  at  several  different  sessions.  My  friend  Mr.  Dawes,  when  a 
member  of  the  House,  was  upon  the  special  committee  which  consid- 
ered this  subject  at  great  length,  and  that  first  reported  a  bill  (House 
of  Representatives  Report  No.  115,  Forty -first  Congress,  second  session) 
substantially  like  that  which  he  has  now,  fourteen  years  later,  again 
submitted.  This  bill  was  before  this  committee  at  several  different 
times,  was  very  carefully  and  fully  considered,  sentence  by  sentence, 
and  word  by  word,  and  was  reported  two  or  three  times  to  the  Senate. 
(Senate  Report  No.  18,  Forty-first  Congress,  second  session;  Senate  Re- 
poTt  No.  20,  Forty -second  Congress,  second  session ;  Senate  Report  No. 
242,  Forty-third  Congress,  first  session.)  It  is  not  a  perfect  bill,  for  Mr. 
Evarts,  in  his  argument,  suggested  defects  which  can  be  easily  reme- 
died: and  I  will  submit  to  the  committiCe,  with  the  leave  of  my  friend,. 
Mr.  Dawes,  some  modifications  to  remedy  those  defects. 

The  principle  upon  which  that  bill  depends  is  this :  That  the  telegraph 
service  is  substantially  analogous  to  the  postal  service.  As  the  Post- 
Office  Department  now  makes  contracts  with  the  railroads  for  transport- 
ing mails,  so  the  Postmaster  General  shall  make  a  contract  with  a  tel- 
egraph company  for  transmitting  intelligence  between  all  postal  telegraph 
offices.  It  fixes  the  rates  probably  too  high,  and  allows  the  post-office 
3  cents  a  message  for  the  service  performed  by  the  Department.  Mr. 
Evart-s  thought  3  cents  a  message  was  not  enough  for  this  service.  I 
think  a  little  reflection  will  show  the  committee  that  It  is  enough.  The 
Post-Office  Department  now  receives  2  cents  postage  for  each  letter,  and 
this  is  very  large  compensation.  Gentlemen  must  remember  that  the 
lisrgest  proportion  of  the  expense  of  the  postal  service  is  not  for  letters, 
but  for  newspapers  and  merchandise  carried  much  below  their  cost ; 
that  there  has  never  been  a  time  in  the  history  of  the  Post-Office  since 
we  had  cheap  postage  when  the  letters  did  not  pay  tribute  to  the  press 
to  enable  the  Post-Office  to  carry  newspapers  greatly  below  the  cost. 

Senator  Dawes.  And  merchandise. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  And  merchandise  as  Well.  At  2  cents  the  letter  post- 
age there  is  a  profit  for  the  Department.  The  cost  is  nearly  equally 
divided  between  transportation  and  office  expenses.  Under  this  bill 
there  are  no  other  office  services  than  are  now  furnished  to  letters,  ex- 
cept a  special  delivery,  which  will  cost  about  two  cents  a  message.  So 
that,  I  believe,  the  three  cents  to  be  paid  on  every  message  will  be  ample 
compensation  for  the  services  rendered.  If,  on  examination,  you  should 
find  that  three  cents  was  not  enough  it  is  your  duty  to  fix  the  compen- 
sation higher.  All  the  operators,  linemen,  and  messengers  will  be  fur- 
nished by  the  telegraph  company,  requiring  only  a  few  subordinate  em- 
ployes to  be  furnished  by  the  Government.  Some  who  admit  the  evils 
of  the  present  system  and  the  advanta>ges  of  a  postal  system  think  that 
by  the  transfer  of  the  telegraph  to  the  i)Ostal  service  the  power  of  the 


STATEMENT    OF    GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  67 

Executive  would  be  so  greatly  increased  as  to  outweigh  all  the  benefits 
that  would  result  from  it.  All  x>olitical  influence  arises  either  from  the 
patronage  it  would  give  the  Executive,  the  ability  to  send  free  telegrams^ 
the  control  of  the  press,  or  the  i)Ower  of  e^pionnage  over  the  correspond- 
ence. As  these  powers  are  now  held  by  a  private  corporation  the  ques- 
tion is  reduced  to  a  consideration  of  the  expediency  of  leaving  them  to 
private  and  irresponsible  parties,  of  intrusting  them  to  the  Post-Office 
Department,  or  of  limiting  these  x)Ower8  and  dividing  them  between  pri- 
vate parties  and  the  Post-Office  Department,  so  as  to  secure  the  ad- 
vantages of  both  systems.  These  objections  apply  with  greater  force 
to  the  plan  of  the  Postmaster-General,  which  provides  for  governmental 
ownership,  operation,  and  control  of  the  business,  than  to  the  postal 
system.  Under  it  there  will  be  no  patronage,  excepting  that  arising 
from  the  addition  of  a  few  clerks  and  carriers,  less  in  number  than  the 
annual  increase  from  the  growth  of  business.  The  free  transmission  of 
messages  by  passes,  so  constantly  given  to  members  of  Congress  and 
others  where  they  will  "  do  the  most  good,''  is  not  only  prohibited,  but 
both  the  PostOffice  and  the  company  are  directly  interested  to  have 
every  telegram  fully  paid,  and  neither  can  send  a  free  dispatch  without 
the  connivance  of  the  other.  There  can  be  no  control  over  the  press, 
for  all  will  have  the  right  to  send  and  receive  dispatches  at  fixed  rates, 
and  so  low  that  every  paper  can  obtain  ^^  specials  "  cheaper  than  they 
now  get  the  Associated  Press  news. 

UapionnagA^  or  the  power  of  the  postmasters,  dependents  upon  the 
Executive,  to  examine  private  telegraphic  correspondence,  is  severely 
punished  by  law^  and  is  to  a  great  degree  thwarted  by  the  lact  that  the 
operators  are  einployed  and  paid  by  the  company,  and  without  their 
connivance  the  power  would  be  of  little  use;  and,  moreover,  the  num- 
ber of  telegrams  will  be  so  greatly  increased  by  the  low  rates  and  addi- 
tional facilities  as  to  remove  the  possibility  of  any  considerable  tamper- 
ing with  their  contents. 

Dr.  Green,  I  think,  said  that  if  the  bill  was  framed  so  as  to  allow  the 
Western  Union  to  come  in  and  compete  they  would  be  glad  to  try  it.  I 
will  insert  a  provision  that  the  contract  shall  be  put  up  at  auction,  and 
that  the  lowest  bidder,  provided  the  bid  is  below  the  rates  named  in 
the  bill,  shall  take  the  contract.  In  this  way  the  rights  of  his  minority 
stockholders  will  be  protected.  Dr.  Green  says  that  way  will  be  fair ; 
that  way  he  would  approve.    Make  it  so.    Make  it  satisfactory  to  him. 

Mr.  Evarts  said,  in  reference  to  this  bill,  as  well  as  to  the  others,  that 
a  telegram  was  not  in  the  nature  of  a  letter ;  but  was  a  private  contract 
made  between  the  company  and  every  sender  of  a  message.  What  is 
the  object  of  the  post-office,  and  for  what  purpose  was  it  established  t 
You  can  see  this  private  contraiit  between  the  company  and  the  sender 
of  a  message  the  next  time  you  send  a  message  if  you  look  on  the  back 
of  the  blank.  It  reads  in  this  way :  ^^  It  is  agreed  between  the  sender  of 
this  message  and  this  company  that  said  company  shall  not  be  liable 
for  mistakes  or  delays  in  the  transmission  or  delivery,  or  for  non-deliv- 
ery, of  any  unrepeated  message,  whether  happening  by  negligence  of 
its  servants  or  otherwise,  beyond  the  amount  received  for  sending  the 
same."    In  the  bill  of  Mr.  Dawes  you  will  find  the  same  provision. 

But  what  is  the  object  for  which  the  Pos^Office  was  established?  It 
was  for  the  transmission  of  intelligence  from  one  part  of  the  country  to 
another.  It  makes  no  difference  what  the  vehicle  is  by  which  it  i» 
transmitted.  You  might  as  well  say  that  the  mail  could  not  be  sent  by 
railroad  because  railroads  were  not  known  when  the  Constitution  was 


68  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   O.    HUBBARD. 

established,  as  to  say  that  the  Government  cannot  transmit  intelligence 
by  wire. 

A  few  years  ago  I  saw  a  picture^  which  T  think  is  now  in  the  Post- 
Office  Department.  On  one  side  is  an  old  gentleman  looking  at  the 
passageof  oneof  the  great  express  mail  trains;  looking  oat  of  the  win- 
dow is  a  yonng  man.  That  old  gentleman  was  Mr.  Bangs,  who,  on  hin 
back,  carried  the  mail  across  the  prairies  of  Ohio,  where  that  railroad 
now  runs,  forty  years  ago.  The  young  man  looking  out  the  window  is 
his  son,  then  the  general  manager  of  the  Eailway  Mail  Service.  There 
is  no  greater  contrast  between  the  railroad  and  the  telegraph  than 
that  picture  presents,  of  the  man  carrying  the  mail  on  his  back  and  the 
four  cars  running  over  the  railroad  at  forty  miles  an  hour,  carrying  the 
mail,  without  stops,  dropping  oflf  one  mail  bag  and  picking  up  another, 
always  hurrying  on  its  way.  By  each  of  these  means  iuteligence  is  con- 
veyed. 

My  friend  asked  the  question  yesterday,  if  the  Government  under- 
took to  do  this  business  must  it  not  necessarily  be  a  monopoly  t  Under 
the  Constitution,  wherever  power  is  given  which  is  necessarily  exclusive, 
there  it  becomes  a  monopoly,  and  State  laws  fail.  For  instance,  if  Cou- 
gress  passes  a  bankrupt  act,  all  insolvent  laws  of  States  become  inop- 
erative from  the  moment  that  act  passes.  The  bankrupt  act  repealed, 
the  insolvent  laws  of  tliemselves  come  again  into  force.  This  is  because 
the  bankrupt  act  necessarily  covers  the  whole  field,  and  there  is  no  room 
for  the  operation  of  any  State  laws. 

But  in  the  mail  service  it  is  different.  Congress  has  the  power  to 
monopolize  the  business  or  to  perform  only  a  portion  of  it.  Private 
expresses  had  the  right  to  run  until  Congress  passed  a  law  prohibiting 
them  from  doing  so.  So  it  is  with  the  telegraph.  The  Government 
can  begin  the  business  and  allow  the  telegraph  companies  to  go  on. 

In  case  the  bill  of  the  chairman  should  be  adopted,  what  would  be  the 
true  course  to  be  pursued  t  I  should  say  establish  low  rates,  say,  25 
cents  under  a  thousand  miles  and  50  cents  for  all  distances  over  a  thou- 
sand miles.  Begin  moderately,  slowly,  allowing  the  Western  Union 
to  do  the  business  of  the  railroads  and  of  the  mercantile  community. 
Then  by  degrees,  as  the  Government  telegraphs  increased,  the  time 
would  come  when  negotiations  would  begin ;  and  by  degrees,  by  con- 
tract or  in  some  other  way,  the  whole  business  would  be  transferred 
from  the  private  corporation  to  the  Government,  and  without  any  break 
in  the  business,  as  was  suggested  by  Mr.  Evarts.  The  whole  thing 
would  go  on  smoothly  and  we  should  have  a  postal  telegraph  service 
more  complete  than  anything  else  the  world  has  ever  seen,  because  what 
the  United  States  undertake  to  do  they  do  better  than  is  done  by  any 
other  government.  I  repeat,  as  I  have  said  before,  that  there  is  no  sys- 
tem, private,  corporate,  or  govemmenftil,  so  perfect  as  the  i>08tal  serv- 
ice of  this  country.  Our  Government  is  the  government  of  the  people, 
for  the  people,  and  through  the  people ;  and  when  it  is  said  that  pri- 
vate corporations,  looking  out  for  their  own  interests,  and  not  for  the 
public  interests,  can  manage  the  business  for  the  public  better  than  the 
people  can,  through  their  representatives,  I  must  beg  leave  to  differ 
from  that  opinion,  and  say  that  I  trust  in  the  people  and  believe  that 
they  can  honestly  and  faithfully  manage  their  own  affairs. 

1  would  like,  Mr.  Chairman,  to  submit  some  amendments  to  the  bill, 
and  also  submit  as  a  part  of  my  argument  some  newspaper  cuttings  in 
regard  to  this  matter  which  I  think  may  be  of  interest. 

The  Chairman.  Of  course  we  will  be  glad  to  receive  any  amendments 
from  Mr.  Hubbard  that  he  may  ])ropose. 


STATEMENT   OF   OABDINEB   O.   HUBBARD.  69 


AMENDMENTS 

SUGGESTED  BY  MB.  GARDINER  HUBBARD  TO  ^<  SENATE  BILL  1016 
TO  PROYIDB  FOB  THE  TRANSMISSION  OF  OORRESPONDENOE  BY 
TELEGRAPH." 

AmeDd  lines  4  to  10  iDclusive,  of  section  3  so  as  to  read : 
^^  When  the  distance  of  transmission  is  under  one  thousand  miles, 
twenty -five  cents ;  for  all  greater  distances,  fifty  cents ;  for  telegrams 
directed  to  be  transmitted  by  night,  twenty-five  cents." 

Strike  out  ^^  five  hundred,"  in  line  4,  section  4,  and  insert  ^'  one  thou- 
sand "  so  as  to  read : 

^^  Seo.  4.  That  the  charges  for  the  transmission  of  special  telegrams  to 
newspapers  and  commercial  news  associations,  for  each  one  hundred 
words  or  less,  for  each  circuit  of  one  thousand  miles,  shall  not  exceed 
fifty  cents  if  sent  at  night,  and  one  dollar  during  the  day." 

Insert  after  the  word  '^  act,"  in  line  3  of  section  5,  **  or  some  other  tele- 
graph company,  as  is  herein  provided,"  and  strike  out  the  word  ^^said," 
in  line  8,  same  section,  inserting  in  lieu  thereof  the  words  ^'  such  con- 
tracting," so  as  to  read : 

^'Seo.  5.  That  the  Postmaster-General  is  hereby  authorized  and  di- 
rected tocontract  with  the  postal-telegraph  company  incorporated  by  this 
act  or  some  other  telegraph  company,  as  is  herein  provided,  for  the  trans- 
mission or  correspondence  by  telegraph  according  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  such  contract  to  be  terminable  at  the  option  of  Congress.  The 
Postmaster-General  shall  famish  at  each  postal- telegraph  office  such 
suitable  place  for  the  office,  employ^,  instruments,  and  batteries  of  such 
contracting  company  as  shall  be  necessary  for  its  business." 

Strike  out  in  section  5,  lines  20  and  21,  the  words  ^^to  the  construc- 
tion and  the  extension  of  its  lines,"  so  as  to  read: 

^^  After  the  payment  of  eight  per  centum  per  annum  upon  its  capital 
stock  its  profits  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  reduction  of  the  charges 
for  telegrams,  under  the  direction  of  the  Postmaster- General." 

Insert  the  word  ^* contracting"  before  *< company,"  in  line  25  of  sec- 
tion 6,  also  in  line  2  of  section  7. 
Strike  out  the  word  ^<  next"  in  line  10  of  section  7. 

Let  section  8  end  with  the  word  ^^  Washington^"  in  line  42  of  that 
section,  and  section  9  begin  with  the  words  following,  viz :  ^<  The  said 
contracting  company,"  &c. 

Insert  the  word  ^< contracting"  before  ^'  company,"  in  line  42  of  sec-* 
tion  8,  and  lines  1  and  15  of  section  9. 

Strike  out  in  line  5,  section  11,  the  words  ^'  unreasonably  refdse  or 
neglect,"  and  insert  instead  *^  fail,"  so  as  to  read : 

^^  And  if  it  shall  fail  to  make  such  contract  then  the  franchise  of  said 
company  and  all  its  rights  and  privileges  shall  thereupon  cease  and  be 
determined." 

After  the  word  <<  act."  in  line  11,  section  11,  insert  the  following : 

^^Ffavided  further  J  Tnat  if  any  telegraph  company  in  operation  on  the 

first  day  of  January,  1884,  shall,  within  thirty  days  Irom  the  approval 

of  this  act,  in  writing  notify  the  Postmaster-General  that  it  is  willing 

to  enter  into  a  contract  to  perform  the  service  on  the  terms  specified 


70  STATEMENT  OF  OABD1NER  G.  HUBBARD. 

herein,  the  Postmaster-GeDeral  shall  thereapon  advertise  in  three  daily 
newspapers  printed  in  each  of  the  cities  of  Washington,  Boston,  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Saint  Loais,  and  Chicago,  that  offers  to  perform 
the  said  service,  accompanied  by  satisfactory  security,  will  be  received 
by  the  Postmaster-General  and  Attorney-General,  and  the  contract  be 
made  with  the  parties  offering  the  most  favorable  terms  to  the  public 
If  any  other  party  than  the  United  States  postal  telegraph  company 
shall  be  the  lowest  bidder  then  the  franchise  and  privileges  hereby  con- 
ferred on  said  company  shall  be  held  and  ei\joyed  by  sach  contracting 
company  if  it  shall  wish  to  take  the  service." 

After  the  word  ^<  company,"  in  line  13  of  section  11,  insert  ^^or  of  any 
other  company  contracting  with  the  Postmaster-General  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act." 


STATEMENT   OF   OARDIKER   G.   HDBBABD.  71 


APPENDIX. 


[K6W  Yath  Herald.  July  21, 1888.] 
WAOB8  AND  WATER. 

The  telegraph  strike  goes  on,  and  so  far  withont  anlawfal  distarbance.  Both  sides, 
the  companies  and  the  strikers,  express  themselves  satisfied  with  the  resnlt  and  deter- 
mined to  hold  ont.  That  is  the  usual  wav.  Very  soon  the  contestants  will,  it  is  to 
be  hoped,  come  together  to  discuss  their  ai£ferences  and  submit  them  to  arbitration, 
or  in  some  other  way  bring  about  an  amicable  settlement.  For  the  present  the  strik- 
ers have  public  sympathy  with  them ;  they  need  to  be  careful  in  all  their  conduct  and 
language  in  order  to  retain  it.  The  public  does  not  comprehend  the  details  of  their 
demanuSj  but  it  sees  that  some  at  least  of  these  are  reasonable ;  and  we  believe  the 
general  feeling  Just,  that  the  Western  Union  Company  ought,  as  a  powerful  corpora- 
tion, by  kindly  and  considerate  treatment  of  their  workiuffmen's  statement  of  griev- 
ances, to  have  opened  the  door  to  a  friendly  arbitration.  No  harm  can  ever  come  from 
euch  a  moderate  and  conciliatory  course  on  the  part  of  corporations  which  are  great 
employers  of  labor. 

The  tribune  thinks  that  "  no  course  was  left  open  to  the  telegraph  companies  but 
to  refuse  to  accede  to  extravagant  demands.  *  *  *  No  doubt  some  of  the  conces- 
sions asked  by  the  men,  such  as  extra  pay  for  Sunday  work,  would  have  been  granted 
bv  the  telegraph  companies  if  properly  laid  before  them.  But  as  a  whole  the  demand 
of  the  operators  was  unreasonable,  and  was  especially  objectionable  in  the  way  that 
it  was  presented."    It  seems  to  us  that  if  the  demands  were  Just,  the  "  way  they  were 

E resented''  need  not  have  prevented  at  least  an  attempt  by  the  Western  Union  at  a 
iendlv  discussion  of  them.  It  is  not  necessary  that  workmen  shall  get  on  tbeir  knees 
when  tney  present  a  list  of  what  they  believe  to  be  grievances  to  a  corporation  which 
employs  them.  If  the  Telegraph  Brotherhood  spoke  hastily,  which  we  do  not  think 
to  be  the  case,  that  gave  their  employers  an  opportunity,  by  moderate  and  friendly 
treatment,  either  to  convince  and  win  over  the  reasonable  members  of  the  Brother- 
hodo,  or,  failing  in  that,  to  put  them  clearly  in  the  wrong  before  the  public. 

The  Evening  Post  goes  further  than  the  Tribune,  and  thinks  telegraph  operators 
ought  not  to  be  allowed  to  strike  at  all.  Laws  ouffnt  to  be  passed,  it  seems,  to  forbid 
them  to  do  so ;  and  if  they  do  not  like  such  lawsotner  employments  are  open  to  them. 
Well,  we  suspect  it  will  be  a  Iour  time  before  such  laws  are  adopted  in  thb  United 
States.  Before  that  is  done  the  uiteresting  quesMon  will  be  fully  discussed  whether 
corporations  may  water  and  water  and  water  their  stock,  without  limit,  except  the 
greed  of  those  who  manipulate  tbem,  and  then,  in  order  to  secure  dividends  on  such 
watered  stock,  cut  down  the  wages  of  tbeir  servants.  The  Tribune  says  that  to  sive 
its  operators  what  they  ask  **  would  cost  the  Western  Union  Company  alone  a  million 
and  a  half  dollars  annually."  We  do  not  know  how  that,  may  be ;  possibly  it  is  so. 
But  when  a  prominent  Journal  proposes  laws  to  forbid  the' servants  of  telegraph  and 
railroad  companies  to  '*  strike,"  and  when  another  prominent  Journal  thinks  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  servants  of  a  great  corporation  presented  their  grievances  in  this 
case  was  "especially  objectionaole,"  it  is  timely  to  call  attention  to  the  financial  his- 
tory of  such  a  corporation. 

Because  the  question  is  thus  raised  whether,  if  the  capital  of  the  Western  Union 
Company  represented  only  the  fair  value  of  its  property  and  franchises,  it  could  not, 
at  present  rates  of  telegrapbiuff,  earn  fair  and  even  large  dividends  on  such  capital, 
even  though  it  acceded  to  all  the  requirements  of  its  servants. 

The  present  capital  of  the  Western  Union  Company  is  eighty  millions.  How  was 
it  raised  to  that  prodigious  figure  f  By  builaing  telegraph  lines  or  acquiring  other 
property  f  No :  for  it  owns  but  a  part  of  the  lines— and  not  the  larger  part,  we  have 
anderstood — which  it  works.  It  holds  a  great  part  under  lease  from  the  owners,  rail- 
road companies  and  others,  and  it  owns  comparatively  little  real  estate. 

How,  then,  came  about  these  eighty  millions,  on  which  a  dividend  is  regularly 
declared  f    Last  year  an  ingenious  pamphlet  was  issued  to  demonstrate  the  extraor 


72  STATEMENT  OF  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 

dinarv  yaloe  of  Western  Union  stock  as  an  investment  for  country  gentlemen.  lo 
this  the  prosperity  of  the  company  was  set  forth  at  length,  and  there  we  find  the  fol- 
low ing  passage : 

'*The  authorized  capital  of  the  company  then  was  $oOO,000,  of  which  only  ahout 
three-fourths  had  been  issued.  On  August  19, 1858,  the  first  scrip  dividend  was  de- 
clared, being  33  per  cent,  on  $369,700,  the  amount  of  outstanding  stock.  On  Sep- 
tember 22  of  the  same  year,  after  the  amount  of  the  authorized  capital  had  been  in- 
creased, a  scrip  dividend  of  414.40  percent,  on  the  capital  stock  of  $485,700  was  issued.. 
Three  more  scrip  dividends  were  issued  previous  to  the  purchase  of  other  lines  by  is-' 
suing  stock.  They  were  as  follows :  July  16, 1862, 27.26  per  cent,  on  the  capital  stock 
outstanding  of  $2,355,000 ;  March  16,  1863,  100  per  cent,  on  the  capit4kl  stock  out- 
standing of  $2,979,300 :  and  December  23, 1863, 3^^  per  cent,  on  the  capital  of  ^962,600, 
increasing  the  capital  stock  to  $7,950,700.  Aboot  January,  1864,  an  arranflpement  wis 
made  for  the  purchase  of  the  Pacific  Telegraph  Company,  a  corporation  chartered  in 
the  State  of  Nebraska  and  authorized  to  buy,  build,  and  operate  a  teleg^raph  line  from 
some  point  within  a  Territory  or  State  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  San  Francisco. 
Its  capital  was  $1,000,000.  The  purchase  was  eflrect«d  by  an  exchange  of  the  West- 
*em  Union  stock  issued  for  that  purpose  for  the  stock  of  the  Pacific  Telegraph  Com- 
pany,  the  amount  being  $1,277,210.'^ 

Here  we r  ead  of  one  ''scrip  dividend''  after  the  other — 33  per  cent.,  414  per  cent.^ 
27  per  cent.,  100  per  cent.,  33}-  per  cent. ;  and  then  we  read  of  the  purchase  of  other 
companies  by  issue  of  Western  Union  stock. 

A  writer  who  last  December  criticised  the  statements  of  this  Western  Union  pamphlet 
in  a  letter  to  the  Herald  which,  so  far  as  we  know,  was  never  noticed  by  the  com- 
pany, remarked  on  this : 

''It  is  nowhere  said  that  the  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  owned  any  wires  or  hsd 
any  lino  actually  built,  though  they  i^ceived  over  $1,250,000  for  their  charter  and  sup- 
posed property.  That  in  the  purchase  of  the  United  States  Telegraph  stock  the 
$7,216,300  paid  for  it  was,  according  t-ogood  authority,  fully  five  times  its  true  value. 
The  capital  of  the  American  Telegraph  when  it  was  absorbed  wps  almost  as  much  in- 
flated as  that  of  the  Western  Union,  and  amounted  to  $3,833,100 ;  yet  $11 .833,100,  or  a 
bonus  of  $8,000,000  in  Western  Union  stock,  was  issued  in  exchange  for  its  property. 
In  these  ways  the  stock  was  watered  to  $41,000,000.  In  January,  1681,  the  pamphlet 
shows  this  prodigious  'water'  was  again  watered,  and  the  capital  of  Westcsrn  Union 
was  increased  from  $41,000,000  to  $80,000,000,  by  the  payment  of  $15,000,000  in  stock 
for  the  property  and  franchises  of  the  American  Union  Telegraph  Company,  not  worth 
then  more  than  $3,000,000.  At  the  same  time  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Com- 
pany was  abborbed  by  Western  Union  at  the  expense  of  $8,400,000  more  of  stock  for 
Eroperty  also  worth  about  $3,000,000,  and  then  a  scrip  dividend  was  issued  tothestook- 
olders  of  Western  Union  on  top  of  all  this  of  over  $15,500,000  more." 

It  is  a  very  general  and  freely  expressed  belief  among  telegraph  experts  that  the  whole 
Western  Union  plant  could  be  duplicated  to-dny  for  twenty,  or  at  most  twenty-five 
millions  of  dollars.  To  put  it  at  forty  millions  seems  to  every  expert  we  have  heard 
n>eak  on  the  subject — which  is  one  very  frequently  discussed— laughably  extravagant. 
There  would  remain  even  in  that  case  forty  millions  of  '*  water,"  on  which  a  5  percent, 
dividend  is  paid.  The  ionmals  which  think  laws  should  be  passed  to  forbid  tele- 
graph operators  from  striiung  would  do  well  to  consider  whether  laws  should  not  first 
be  passed  to  forbid  great  corporations  from  watering  their  stock. 

Strikes  of  working  men  and  women  are  disagreeable  events,  but  they  are  often  the 
only  means  these  have  to  make  their  grievances  known  to  the  public  or  to  get  them 
remedied  at  the  hands  of  their  employers.  So  long  as  strikers  conduct  themselves  in 
a  lawful  manner,  without  violence  and  without  trying  by  intimidation  to  prevent 
others  from  taking  the  places  they  have  vacated^  they  are  within  their  rights  and 
pretty  certain  of  the  sympathy  of  the^neral  public,  especially  where,  as  in  this  case, 
they  appeal  against  a  corporation  which  pays  dividends  on  a  heavfly  watered  capital. 

We  ao  not  think  it  wise  in  such  corporations,  by  over-han^hty  and  supercilious  con- 
duct towards  their  servants,  to  hasten  the  raising  of  the  issue  between  wages  and 
water,  which  is  sure  to  come  up  some  day.  Our  advice  to  the  managers  of  t  he  Western 
Union  Company  is  to  come  to  terms  with  thoir  striking  servants  as  soon  as  possible. 


[N6W  York  Henld,  July  28, 1888.] 
OOVBRKMENT  TELEGRAPHS. 

One  of  the  numerous  rumors  circulating  on  the  street  relates  that  ICr.  Jay  Gould, 
who  is  believed  to  hold  a  considerable  number  of  millions  of  Western  Union  stock  and 
water,  has  been  for  some  time  anxious  to  get  rid  of  it,  and  hopes  by  embarrassing 
the  public  through  a  telegraph  stoppage  to  create  a  demand  that  tne  Gk>vemment  ^aU 
buy  out  the  Western  Union  Company  and  itself  monopolize  the  telegraph. 

We  do  not  believe  this  report-.    Mr.  Gould  is  an  astute  man ;  he  may  be  ever  so  anx- 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD.  73 

ioD8  to  unload  hiB  telegraph  stock,  but  he  is  too  shrewd  to  helieYe  that  he  can  onload 
it  on  the  Government.  It  is  true  there  has  been  for  some  time  past  a  growing  belief 
that  the  Government  might  nsefhlly  take  part  in  the  telegraph  business,  and  at  the 
last  session  of  Con^press  a  resolation  was  reported  and,  unless  we  mistake,  adopted, 
authorizing  an  inquiry  into  the  actual  cost  of  laying  wires  and  completing  a  telegraph 
**  plant."  But  Mr.  Gkiuld  does  not  delude  himself  with  the  thought  that  such  an  in- 
quiry would  lead  to  the  purchase  by  Congress  of  the  Western  Imion  Company.  He 
knows  thaf  his  company  owns  but  a  part  of  its  wires :  that  it  has,  in  fact,  represent- 
ing Its  eighty  millions  of  stock  in  part,  a  great  lot  of  leases  of  other  people's  wires, 
and  that  in  other  ways  it  is  not  a  property  which  would  bear  that  close  preliminary 
examination  which  even  the  Government  makes  before  it  buys. 

Nor  will  the  public,  even  under  the  irritation  which  the  Western  Union's  needless 
quarrel  with  its  operatives  is  causing.  Jump  to  the  conclusion  that  the  Government 
ought  to  monopolize  the  telegraph ;  because  the  one  lesson  of  the  present  derangement 
is  tnat  so  important  and  vitiu  an  interest  cannot  be  safely  trusted  in  any  single  hand, 
not  even  in  that  of  the  Government.  Everybody  now  sees  that  if  the  Western  Union 
btock-waterers  had  not  shrewdly  contrived  to  destroy  or  absorb  all  their  rivals,  and 
thus  made  themselves  substantially  a  telegraph  monopoly,  the  present  trouble  and 
loss  could  not  have  been  put  upon  the  public.  If  the  rival  companies  consolidated 
with  Western  Union  were  now  in  existence  the  Western  Union  manaffers  could  not 
have  oppressed  the  public,  whatever  they  might  have  attempted  with  their  workmen ; 
because  the  public  would  have  had  recourse  to  the  other  companies,  which  were  equally 
capable  of  serving  it. 

This  consideration  leads  directly  to  the  effective  means  by  which  the  Government 
can  protect  the  public  against  teleflp*aph  monopolies.  Congress  may,  if  it  sees  fit,  au- 
thorize the  construction  of  a  complete  network  of  postal  telegraph  lines,  to  bo  used 
in  connection  with  the  letter  man  and  as  part  of  the  postal  system  of  the  country 
Such  a  Government  line  could  be  properly  used  for  expediting  private  correspondence. 
Letters  mailed  would  be  sent  for  two  cents,  as  the  new  law  provides.  Letters  tele- 
graphed would  pay  a  heavier  charge ;  they  would  be  telegraphed  to  the  office  of  des- 
tination, and  there  delivered  by  carriers  in  the  ordinary  course  of  mail  delivery. 
Thus,  for  a  moderate  extra  charge,  the  time  now  required  in  transmission  by  rail 
would  be  saved. 

Such  an  arrangement  would  be  a  great  public  convenience,  but  it  would  not  create 
a  monopoly  nor  prevent  the  profitable  prosecution  of  private  telegraph  enterprises. 
A  large  and  rapidly-increasing  mass  of  business  correspondence  requires  instant  dis- 
patch, and  this  would  still  go  over  private  lines;  sp  would  the  news  reports  of  the  dif- 
ferent press  associations,  which  require  quick  dispatch.  There  would,  in  fact,  remain 
for  well  conducted  and  un watered  private  companies  abundant  business  to  secure  them 
satisfactory  profits,  Just  as  the  surface  railroads  in  this  city  continue  profitable, 
although  they  have  now  to  compete  with  the  elevated  roads.  But  the  Government 
lines  would  stand  as  an  effective  protection  for  the  people  against  the  unreasonable 
exactions  ot  speculative  companies  having  for  their  cnief  aim,  by  any  means,  to  secure 
a  dividend  on  h  avily  watered  stock. 

A  Government  telegraph  line  such  as  we  are  sngsesting  would,  in  fact,  do  for  the 
people  of  the  whole,  country  what  the  Erie  Canal  does  in  an  equally  important  rela- 
tion. The  Erie  Canal  prevents  the  trunk-line  railroads  from  combining  to  charge  ex- 
cessive rates  of  freight.  It  does  not  prevent  the  operation  of  these  railroads,  nor 
their  profitable  operation.  The  Central,  the  Erie,  the  Pennsylvania,  the  Baltimore 
and  Onio  and  an  increabing  number  of  other  railroads  carry  the  products  of  the  West 
to  the  East,  and  do  a  good  business.  But  the  Erie  Canal,  which  can  carry  cheaper 
than  they,  not  only  has  a  valuable  traffic  of  its  own,  but,  what  is  of  vital  importance, 
it  protects  the  people  against  the  combination  of  railroads  to  exact  unreasonable 
rates. 

This  is  the  true  office  of  a  Government  telegraph  line,  if  we  ever  have  one.  It  will 
be  a  useful  and  very  convenient  a^unct  to  the  mails,  but  it  should  not  and  need  not 
drive  out  private  telegraph  companies.  It  will  enable  a  letter  written,  sav,  in  Cin- 
cinnati to  be  delivered  at  its  New  York  address  as  quickly  as  it  would  be  delivered  at 
a  Cincinnati  address  if  mailed  there  for  city  delivery.  That  is  a  convenience  for  which 
a  great  number  of  people  would  pay  a  moderate  extra  charge.  But  for  stock  orders 
and  a  great  mass  of  other  business  correspondence,  and  for  news  reports,  the  lines  of 
private  companies  would  still  be  used,  at  a  somewhat  higher  charge  for  quicker  dis- 
patch. 

We  are  surprised  that  any  one  should  think  it  desirable  or  practicable  in  this  conn- 
try  for  the  Government  to  assume  the  monopoly  of  the  telegraph.  But  we  confess  we 
are  still  more  surprised  that  such  astute  men  as  Mr.  Jay  Gould,  Mr.  A.  B.  Cornell,  and 
the  other  managers  of  Western  Union  did  not  foresee  that  whenever  they  made  the 
public  feel  the  iron  hoof  of  their  monopoly  upon  its  neck,  that  could  only  result  in  a 
general  determination  of  the  people  to  protect  themselves  against  such  oppression, 
not  by  buying  the  monopolists  out,  but  by  setting  up  an  independent  Government 
line. 


74  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G     HUBBARD. 

[yew  York  Henld,  July  80, 1888.] 
»  WAKTKD— A  POSTAL  TELEGRAPH. 

The  strike  of  the  Westem  Union  Comnany  against  the  public  has  had  one  good  effect 
ft  has  forced  the  attention  of  the  people  to  the  expediency  of  a  GoYemment  or  postal 
telegraph.  The  qnestion  is  ji^ettine  discussed  by  tnoughtral  Journals  in  all  parts  of  the 
countiy,  and  the  discussion  is  likely  to  continue.  We  print  elsewhere  a  few  extracts 
from  many  at  hand,  to  show  the  general  drift  of  public  opinion.  « 

Several  important  points  seem  already  fixed  in  the  public  mind : 

First.  It  is  generally  admitted  that  a  monopoly  of  the  telegraph  by  the  Govemment 
would  be  as  inexpedient  as  one  by  a  private  company ^  such  as  the  Westem  Union 
etock-waterers  have  been  for  years  engaged  in  establisning. 

Second.  It  is  everywhere  held  that  tne  Govemment  ought  not  to  think  of  bnjiog  the 
Western  Union  out,  and  for  the  reason  that  it  can  build  a  more  complete  system  of 
lines  for  a  small  fraction  of  the  Westem  Union's  nominal  capital.  On  this  head  the 
cautious  and  accurate  Journal  of  Conunerce  says :  , 

"  Its  nominal  capital  Is  990,000,000,  while  all  of  its  present  property  could  be  replaced 
in  better  working  order  at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  $15,000,000  at  the  outrade,  and  prob- 
ably at  not  over  910,000,000  or  $12,000,000.  It  has  issued  large  blocks  of  stocks,  fuutly 
to  buy  up  opposing  lines  and  partly  by  way  of  watering  its  own  shares.  It  has  never 
paid  much  regard  to  the  public  accommodation.  Its  rates  have  been  fax  too  high,  and 
tts  treatment  of  its  customers  is  arbitrary  and  insolent  to  the  hi^jhest  degree.  It  has 
fought  off  or  purchased,  as  far  as  it  could,  all  competition,  and  it  has  refused  every 
reasonable  concession  to  the  demands  of  the  press  and  the  general  public." 

The  Chicago  Tribune  points  out  that  the  British  Government,  which  bought  oot 
English  lines,  paid  much  more  than  thev  were  worth.  It  adds:  '*The  demand  for 
postal  telegraphy  has  been  immensely  quickened  bv  the  occurrence  of  the  present  strike. 
£ut  in  insisting  that  the  idea  of  the  post-office  be  so  widened  as  to  include  electric 
letters  the  people  of  this  country,  taking  counsel  of  their  own  good  sense,  as  idso  of 
their  experience,  will  hold  to  two  points  unwaveringly.    These  are : 

"I.  No  purchase  of  existing  lines  which  are  bloated  with  watered  stock. 

'*2.  Genuine  Govemment  civil  service  to  run  the  telegraph  firee  of  all  office  grab- 
bing." 

Third.  It  is  generally  seen  that  the  Govemment,  with  a  moderate  expenditure,  can 
construct  lines  which  will  cover  the  country  more  completely  than  Westem  Union  has 
ever  done,  and  that  the  postmasters  at  small  post-offices  can  learn  the  art  of  telegraphy 
And  thus  unite  their  present  duties  with  those  of  telegraph  operators,  greatly  to  the 
public  convenience. 

Fourth.  It  is  seen,  also,  that  a  Govemment  telegraph  will  not  supersede  or  drive 
out  private  companies,  but  will,  by  a  wholesome  competition,  compel  these  to  serve 
thepublio  at  fair  rates  and  punctually. 

The  New  Haven  Palladium  recalls  the  speech  of  Senator  Edmunds  at  the  last  ses- 
eion  in  favor  of  a  postal  telegraph.  We  hope  this  eminent  Senator  will  take  up  the 
eubject  as  soon  as  Congress  reassembles.  He  will  find,  unless  we  are  much  mistaken, 
^ery  general  support  from  both  parties,  and  a  full  discussion  of  the  question  will,  we 
believe,  bring  tne  next  Congress  to  the  determination  to  establish  at  once  a  general 
postal-telegraph  system.  The  Govemment,  as  the  Palladium  properly  says,  will  not 
need  to  expend  money  for  right  of  way,  as  it  has  the  right  to  run  wires  over  all  post 
routes,  ana  that  is  everywhere. 

Hitherto  a  good  deal  of  opposition  to  the  Gk>vemment  undertaking  telegraph  work 
has  arisen  fh>m  the  fear  that  in  some  way  Con^press  would  be  induced  to  follow  the 
British  example  and  buy  out  existing  lines.  But  it  is  now  clear  that  the  country  would 
not  for  a  moment  tolerate  any  such  scheme  as  this.  No  one  desires  the  Government  to 
monopolize  the  telegraph  business.  In  that  it  is  seen  there  would  be  many  dangers 
and  inconveniences.  But  the  idea  of  a  postal  telegraph  used  as  an  adjunct  to  the  mail 
service  gains  favor  everywhere,  because  it  is  not  open  to  the  Just  objections  of  the 
other  plan.  The  true  use  of  a  postal  telegraph  will  be,  as  we  pointed  out  the  other  day, 
to  effect  a  speedier  letter  delivery.  Dispatcues  or  letters  sent  by  postal  telegraph  will 
be  put  into  the  general  mail  delivery  at  the  point  of  destination ;  and  thus,  for  a 
trining  additional  cost,  a  letter  writer  will  save,  in  point  of  time,  the  whole  distance 
between  the  place  where  he  writes  and  the  place  where  his  letter  is  to  be  delivered. 
A  letter  for  New  York,  written  at  Cincinnati,  Chicago,  New  Orleans,  or  San  Francisco 
would  reach  New  York  the  same  day  and  be  th^re  delivered  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
the  letter  carrier's  work. 

For  that  convenience  the  public  will  pay  what  it  costs ;  and  the  Government,  which 
does  not  water  its  stock,  will  charge  no  more  than  cost.  But  a  great  and  increasing 
mass  of  business  and  press  correspondence  which  requires  immediate  delivery  wiU 
etill  go  over  well-managed  private  lines,  of  which  under  such  a  system  there  would 
probably  be  more  and  more.    Everybody  who  has  considered  the  question  knows  that 


8TAT£Bi£NT   OF   GARDINITR   G.    HUBBARD.  75 

the  telegraph  is  not  yet  used  to  one-tenth  tho  extent  that  i  t  ought  to  he  and  wonld  he 
were  it  not  that  ratee  have  heen  kept  nndoiy  high  hy  the  Western  Union  stook-water- 
«r8  in  order  to  secure  dividends  on  their  enormously  inflated  stock,  and  were  it  not, 
besides,  for  the  poor  and  irregular  service,  which  discourages  the  use  of  the  telegraph 
except  when  it  is  absolutely  required.  There  is  no  reason  why  a  dispatch  tikken  at 
New  York  at  10  a.  m.  should  not  be  delivered  in  Cincinnati  before  S2  or  3  p.  m.  Tet 
such  delays  are  frequent,  and  no  one  who  uses  the  telegraph  but  has  been  annoyed  at 
such  vexatious  loss  of  time,  and  by  the  uncertainty  as  to  now  soon  his  dispatcn  will 
get  to  its  address. 

The  establishment  of  a  postal  telegraph  will  compel  private  companies  to  content 
themselves  with  reasonable  charges,  and,  what  is  or  even  ^preater  importance  to  the 
public,  will  force  them  to  prompt  delivery,  because  that  will  be  necessary  to  secure 
them  business.  The  telegraph  is  still  open  to  great  improvement  in  this  matter  of 
handling  the  business  which  comes  to  it.  But  such  improvement,  however  urgently 
required  by  the  public  convenience,  will  never  be  made  without  such  competition  as 
a  (iovemment  postal  telegraph  will  provide. 


[Sew  York  Herald;  Angost  1, 1883.1 
POSTAL  TELEGRAPH  NOT  A  MONOPOLY. 

We  print  elsewhere  another  set  of  extracts  from  Journals  in  different  parts  of  the 
connti^  which  favor  the  establishment  of  a  postal  telegraph  enrstem.  Tne  question 
is  very  widely  discussed,  and  we  could  fill  pages  of  the  Herald  with  the  arguments 
made  Dy  Journals  North,  South,  East,  and  West  which  demand  that  the  Government 
shall  undertake  the  telegraph  service  either  entirely  or,  as  the  Herald  has  suggested, 
in  part,  and  as  a  more  expeditious  letter  service.  Many  newspapers  which  oppose 
Government  lines  because  they  fear  a  Government  monopoly  of  the  telegraph,  rreely 
admit  that  the  question  is  one  which  ought  to  be  discussed,  and  must  be  met,  and 
that  it  may  be  better  to  have  a  Government  monopoly  than  a  private  monopoly  of  the 
telegraph,  such  as  has  been  created  by  the  Western  union  stock>waterers. 

The  proposition  which  finds  most  favor  does  not  look  to  a  Government  telegraph 
monopoly  at  all.  That  is  not  necessary  and  is  not  desirable.  Wo  need  not  and  snoald 
not  follow  blindly  European  precedents.  The  British  Government  bought  out  the 
private  telegraph  companies  and  paid,  as  is  now  known,  much  more  for  their  wires 
and  other  property  than  these  were  worth.  That  is  a  plan  which  would  suit  the 
telegraph  monopolists  here  very  well ;  but  to  that  the  public  will  not  consent. 

The  plan  favored  by  Senators  Edmunds,  Sherman,  and  Piatt  looks  to  the  builuing 
of  an  independent  Government  line,  to  be  operated  as  an  adjunct  to  the  mail  service. 
There  is  nothing  impracticable  abont  that ;  nor  wonld  such  a  Government  line  drive 
out  or  take  profltable  business  away  from  private  lines.  The  Government  line  would 
enable  a  person  to  telegraph  a  letter  insteaa  of  sending  it  by  railroad ;  the  telegraphed 
letter  would  be  delivered  in  the  ordinary  course  of  mail  delivery  at  its  point  of  des- 
tination. This  would  be  a  great  public  convenience;  bnt  it  would  not  supply  the 
business  and  press  demand  for  the  utmost  speed,  and  the  private  companies  would 
SI  ill  have  their  lines  full  of  business.  Only  the  competition  of  Government  lines 
would  force  them  to  reasonable  rates,  and,  what  is  even  more  urgently  required  and 
less  attainable  under  the  present  private  monopoly,  to  accurate  and  quick  transmis- 
sion and  delivery. 

The  Chicago  Tribune,  which  discusses  this  plan  in  an  extract  which  we  reprint 
elsewhere,  remarks  that  a  Government  telegraph  will  not  extinguish  or  discourage 
private  companies  anv  more  than  the  Post-Offlce  Department  undertakingto  carry 
merchandise  parcels  has  extinguished  or  injured  the  express  companies.  The  cases 
are  precisely  parallel,  and  the  Chicago  Tribune's  illustration  makes  clear  what  would 
be  tne  eiTi^ct  and  what  the  uses  of  a  postal  telegraph. 

The  World  does  not  think  well  of  a  Government  telegraph.  We  did  not  suppose 
it  would.  It  will  find  its  arguments  met  and  overthrown  in  the  different  extracts 
from  influential  Journals  which  we  print  in  other  columns.  When  Congress  meets 
and  the  postal  telegraph  is  urged,  there  will  be,  of  course,  the  usual  outcry  of  **  vested 
interests;"  no  doubt  some  Senatorial  friend  of  monopoly  will,  like  the  World,  shake 
the  Constitution  in  the  face  of  Congressmen ;  but  we  agree  with  that  other  Democratic 
Journal,  the  Star,  which  says:  **We  have  every  expectation  that  not  many  more 
weeks  will  pass  before  the  press  all  over  the  country  will  urge  the  consideration  of  a 
postal  telegraph  bill  next  winter.  That  is  the  only  real,  reasonable,  and  permanent 
nope  of  relief  against  the  present  oppressive  and  parsimonious  monopoly  which  has 
cri])pled  the  business  of  the  continent  in  order  that  it  may  assert  its  power  over  the 
strikers  " 


76  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD. 

The  telegraph  basinees,  m  now  condacted,  must  be  extraordinarily  profitable,  for 
it  enables  Western  Union  to  pay  large  regular  diyidends  on  an  enormonsly  watered 
stock.  In  the  usnal  coarse  of  events,  in  a  free  country  like  this,  ^i^reat  protite  indaoe 
competition.  It  has  been  so  in  this  case.  A  number  of  competing  telegraph  lines 
have  from  time  to  time  been  established.  What  has  become  of  them  f  They  have 
been  bought  up  and  combined  with  Western  Union.  For  years  this  process  has  been 
going  on,  with  the  unconcealed  object  of  creating  a  huge  telegraph  monopoly,  which 
should  be  able  to  charge  the  public  what  it  pleased,  and  give  it  as  poor  service  as  it 
chose.  In  a  pamphlet,  circulated  last  year  with  the  object  of  inducing  country  peo- 
ple to  invest  their  savings  in  Western  Union  stock,  this  monopolistic  purpose  was 
ev(  n  boasted  of  and  its  success  proclaimed.  To  persuade  investors  that  western 
Union  was  a  particularly  good  thing,  they  were  told  that  tbis  company  possessed  now 
a  monopoly  of  telegraphing ;  that  it  had  no  opposition  to  fear,  and  the  Western  Union 
wfts  boldly  likened  to  **  an  army  of  occupation,"  in  these  words : 

**  In  truth,  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  may  be  more  aptly  compared 
to  an  army  of  occupation  than  almost  any  other  organization  in  tjie  conntry.  Pre- 
sided over  by  a  general  of  experience  and  renown,  its  employ^  are  a  host  distri- 
buted in  rauKS  and  divisions,  and  in  a  possession  of  the  6ountry  more  complete  than 
could  be  otherwise  acquired,  except  by  peaceful  acquiescence  following  u{K>n  neces- 
sity, usefulness,  and  efficient  service.  No  competing  company  could  supplant  it  or 
lessen  its  hold  upon  vast  portions  of  its  territory  so  completely  preoccupied.  To  be- 
lieve so  would  be  to  believe  that  capital  could  be  turned  into  channels  utterly  nn- 
grofitable,  unsafe,  and  disastrous.  One  might  as  well  try  to  induce  water  to  run  ap  a 
ill.  New  inventions  of  an  experimental  obaraoter,  such  as  automatic  systems  and 
postal  telegraph  devices,  and  the  extension  of  telephonic  facilities,  may  threaten  the 
completeness  of  the  grasp  which  the  Western  Union  Company  has  upon  tho  power  of 
instantaneous  communication  in  this  country,  but  until  there  is  some  better  evidence 
of  ability  to  comi)ete,  with  profit,  with  the  perfection  of  system  attained  by  this  com- 
pany, no  fear  need  be  entertained  but  that  it  will  retain  its  capacity  to  earn  in  larger 
proportion  \;han  almost  any  other  enterprise  in  the  country." 

This  was  after  Western  Union  had  gobbled  up  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  Ameri- 
can Union  competing  companies,  and  when  the  Mutual  Union's  turn  to  be  enveloped 
in  the  arms  of  the  great  Western  Union  cuttlefish  was  near  at  hand. 

There  has  been,  ^erefore,  no  such  free  competition  as  in  the  natural  course  would 
have  come  about.  Competitors  have  been  bought  o£f  or  bought  up  by  men  who  had 
determined  to  monopolize  this  vitally  important  means  of  communication,  and  who 
have,  in  fact,  succeeded.  Thej  did  not  care  what  it  cost  them,  for  they  were  going 
to  make  the  public  pay  the  cost  by  high  rates  and  poor  service,  and  make  their  work- 
men help  pay  the  cost  by  low  wages. 

It  is  clear  that  in  tbis  case  "  the  laws  of  trade  "  have  been  deliberately  prevented 
from  working.  It  remains  for  the  Government  to  step  in — not  to  assume  a  monopoly 
itself,  but  to  provide  that  wholesome  and  proper  competition  which  alone  can  liber- 
ate the  public  from  the  grasp  of  this  Western  Union  '*  army  of  occupation." 


[Sew  York  Herald,  Angost  2,  1883.] 
THB  TELEGRAPH  STRIKE. 

The  Chicago  Tribune  thinks  we  misunderstood  one  of  its  articles  the  other  day  on 
the  relations  of  the  strikers  to  the  public  We  will  not  dispute  with  our  contemporary, 
which  has  a  right  to  define  its  own  meaning ;  and  in  later  articles  it  has  shown  itself 
on  the  right  side — the  side  of  the  public. 

In  a  strike  like  this  of  the  telegraph  operators  the  publiQ  must  necessarily  sufier  a 
good  deal  of  inconvenience;  but  (^^at  cannot  be  helped.  It  would  be  much  better  to 
settle  all  such  disputes  by  arbitration ;  but  to  accomplish  that  employers  must  show 
a  friendly  and  conciliatory  spirit  toward  their  people. 

Where  competition  in  business  is  free  and  open,  there,  again,  strikes  are  not  sofre- 

anent,  and  wnen  they  happen  the  public  is  not  inconvenienced.  The  Western  Union 
as  been  engaged  for  years  in  either  absorbing  or  disabling  its  competitors;  it  has  de- 
stroyed competition  and  established  a  monopoly.  If  the  companies  it  has  absorbed 
were  in  existence  to-day  the  public  Vould  not  be  inconvenienced  by  the  trouble  be- 
tween the  Western  Union  and  its  people. 

The  Senate  Committee  on  Education  and  Labor  is  to  meet  here  next  Monday  to 
look  into  the  causes  of  the  telegraph  strike.  Its  inquiry  will  probably  give  Important 
information  to  Congress  on  the  subject  of  the  necessity  for  a  postal  telegraph  system 
as  a  means  to  secure  healthful  competition  in  the  telegraph  business.  Meantime  the 
strike  goes  on ;  and  we  regret  to  see  that  different  Journals  continue  to  discuss  it  from 


STATEMENT   OF   GAhDlNER   G.    HUBBARD.  77 

• 

a  merely  sentimental  point  of  view — they  are  friends  and  supporters  of  the  company, 
or  they  are  friends  of  the  strikers.  Bnt  the  real  party  interested  is  the  public.  The 
real  question  is  how  to  prevent  hereafter  another  telegraph  blockade.  The  workmen 
have  a  right  to  strike.  The  company,  even  if  it  is  a  monopoly,  has  a  right  to  stand 
out  against  its  workmen.  Between  these  two  it  is  a  trial  of  endurance  in  which  the 
public  has  nothing  to  do  but  to  look  on.  But  the  public  has  a  right  to  ask  Congress 
to  do  the  only  thinff  which  can  prevent  a  repetition  of  its  losses,  and  that  is  to  estab- 
lish a  Government  une  in  competition  with  the  private  lines.  There  is  no  other  way, 
and  there  is  now  a  very  peremptory  and  general  demand  for  that  way. 


[New  York  Henld,  AngoBt  6, 1883.] 
POSTAL  TBLBORAPHT. 

We  print  elsewhere  this  morning  another  collection  of  extracts  from  influential  Jour- 
nals in  diflferent  parts  of  the  country  discussing  and  favoring  the  establishment  of  a 
postal  telegraph  system — not  as  a  Government  monopoly,  but  as  an  adjunct  to  the 
letter  mail  service,  and  b^  way  of  a  wholesome  and,  as  is  now  generally  seen,  neces- 
sary competition  with  private  lines. 

A  Government  monopoly,  as  some  of  these  Journals  clearly  argue,  is  not  wanted,  and 
is  not  desirable.  But  competition  of  some* kind  is  absolutely  required  by  the  most 
important  public  interests;  and  private  competition  with  the  Western  Union  has  been 
deliberately  made  impossible  by  the  monopolists  who  control  that  concern. 

How  they  have  done  this,  by  what  persistent  and  unscrupulous  use  of  courts  and 
other  means,  during  a  number  of  years,  is  shown  in  an  instructive  Congressional  re- 
port, from  which  we  print  extracts  elsewhere.  This  report,  made  by  Mr.  Bingham, 
of  Pennsylvania,  from  the  House  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post-Roads,  at  the 
close  of  the  last  session  of  Congress,  brings  to  light  some  new  facts  concerning  the 
operations  of  the  Western  Union  in  its  deliberate  plot  to  drive  out  all  competitors  and 
monopolize  in  its  own  hands  the  telegraph  communications  of  the  country,  and  make 
of  itself,  as  the  famous  Weetem  Union  pamphlet  boastfully  said,  an  "  army  of  occu- 
pation." 

In  its  remorseless  determination  to  establish  a  monopoly  of  the  telegraph,  the  West- 
em  —  -  - 

a  law 

time, 

ment  of  a  separate  telegraph  system  was  withdrawn  bylthe  failure  of  Congress  to  graut 

this  act  of  national  incorporation.    Since  that  time  (lti66)  the  Western  Union  Tele- 

fraph  Company  has  practically  monopolized  the  telegraph  business  of  the  country.^ 
hen  follows,  in  this  report,  the  long  list  of  Western  Union's  ''absorptions" — the 
Pacific  and  Atlantic  Company,  the  Great  Western  Compstiy,  the  Franklin  Company, 
the  Southern  and  Atlantic,  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  the  American  Union,  and  so  on — 
all  swallowed  by  Western  Union. 

Next  comes,  in  the  Congressional  report,  the  story  of  Western  Union  in  the  courts, 
where  this  monopoly  ''constantly  contested"  with  opposition  lines  "  the  rights  in- 
tended to  be  granted  by  Congress  under  the  act  of  lHb6,  granting  the  rights  of  way 
along  the  railroad  post-routes  of  the  United  States,"  while,  when  it  had  its  own  ends 
to  sm>serve,  it  turned  about  and  pleaded  in  the  courts  for  the  very  rights,  which,  as 
the  report  says,  it  "  theretofore  always  denied  to  other  telegraph  companies."  The 
report  also  relates  the  Western  Union's  dealings  with  patents.  But  we  refer  the  pub- 
lic to  the  document  itself,  printed  in  another  column. 

It  is  plain  from  the  facts  there  stated  by  a  committee  of  Congress  that  "  whether  a 
postal  telegraph  system  shall  be  established  or  not,  or  whether  the  control  of  the  tele- 
graph business  of  the  country  shall  be  left  in  private  hands,  subject  to  such  legisla- 
tion as  Congress  may  deem  advisable  to  secure  reasonable  competition  without  the 
danger  of  constant  absorption  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  is  a  ques- 
tion to  be  seriously  considered." 

That  is  the  real  question,  and  to  it  the  country  is  making  a  very  decided  answer. 
It  is  plain  that  the  Western  Union  monopolists  do  not  mean  to  tolerate  competition. 
They  have  got  the  public  and  their  workmen  by  the  throat.  They  mean  to  make  a 
dividend  on  their  eighty  millions  of  stock  at  all  hazards.  A  poor  and  dilatory  service 
for  the  public  and  low  wages  for  their  work-people  are  necessary  to  achieve  this,  it 
seems.  If  the  underpaid  workmen  strike,  the  public  must  sufier;  if  the  low  wages 
bring  only  incompetent  workmen,  again  the  pnblic  must  sn£fer.  If  an  opposition  and 
competing  line  is  attempted  it  must  be  harried  in  the  courts  and  finally  absorbed  if 
ir  cannot  otherwise  Im>  destroyed.  That  is  the  system  by  which  the  monopoly  haa 
made  it^i^lf,  as  its  frieuds  boast,  an  *'  army  of  occupation." 


'( 


78  STATEMENT  OF  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 

If  the  Western  Union  had  not  made  free  competition  impossible  there  would  be  no 
snch  general  outcry  for  Government  postal  lines  as  now  is  neard  all  over  the  country. 
But  when  a  gigantic  monopoly  deliberately  makes  free  competition  impossible  in  a 
business  so  vitally  important  to  the  whole  community  as  is  communication  by  tele- 
graph the  Government  must  step  in  to  liberate  the  citizens  from  oppression.  Fortu- 
nately it  is  not  necessary  that  the  Government  should  itself  monopolize  the  teleeraph. 
Its  lines,  used  for  the  transmission  of  letters,  to  be  delivered  at  destination  as  Tetters 
are  now,  will  serve  as  a  sufficient  protection  to  the  public  and  will  ^o  more  drive  out 
or  injure  legitimate  private  telegraph  companies  than  the  transmission  of  merchandisd 
through  the  malls  has  ruined  or  injured  the  express  companies. 


[Sew  York  HeraOd,  Aognst  7,  1883.] 
POSTAL  TELEGRAPH  SUGGESTIONS. 

General  Huidekoper,  postmaster  of  Philadelphia,  has  given  practical  consideration 
to  the  problem  of  such  a  postal  telegraph  as  tne  Herald  has  urged,  and  in  a  conver- 
sation with  a  Herald  correspondent,  printed  elsewhere,  makes  some  valuable  state- 
ments and  suggestions  on  the  subject.  He  has  no  doubt  that  telegrams  can  be  deliv- 
ered by  letter-carriers  in  cities  as  quickly — at  least  to  those  parts  distant  from 
telegraph  or  post-office  centers — as  the  telegraph  companies  now  send  them,  and  of 
this  no  one  who  has  experienced  the  vexations  and  dilatory  deliviery  of  telegrams  at 
even  short  distances  from  the  main  offices  in  our  great  cities  will  have  any  doubt. 
General  Huidekoper  savs  on  this  poiut : 

''One  hundi-ed  aud  fifty-six  of  our  carriers  are  taken  frt>m  this  office  four  times  a 
day  to  distant  parts  of  the  city  by  wagons  and  brought  back  again  immediately  after 
they  have  made  each  delivery,  so  that  they  can  reacu  their  routes,  without  suffering 
the  detention  which  they  would  if  they  were  transported  by  street  cars;  ana 
I  am  inclined  to  think  that  telegrams  now  received  m  this  city  for  points  two 
miles  from  the  central  office  are  not  now  delivered  as  promptly  as  if  they  were  in- 
trusted to  the  city  delivery  department  of  this  office  for  carrying.  Of  course  in  the 
business  center  of  the  city  the  delivery  of  letters  should  be  made  every  hour ;  and  if 
the  delivery  of  telegrams  was  also  a  part  of  our  business  an  intermediate  delivery 
could  readily  be  made  of  these.  I  think  every  one  who  lives  in  the  outskirts  of  Phil- 
adelphia or  in  the  suburbs  believes  that  telegram's  are  not  now  delivered  until  a  suffi- 
cient number  accumulate  to  warrant  the  sending  out  of  a  messenger,  and  that  the 
postal  service  is  now  almost  as  rapid  between  the  central  office  and  substations  as  the 
present  telegraph  service. " 

As  to  country  offices  he  makes  the  following  useful  suggestion  :  "  It  seems  to  me 
that  the  postal  service  should  be  extended  to  every  post-office  in  the  United  States 
by  having  certain  post-office  centers  from  which  telegrams  could  be  distributed  by 
mail.  For  instance,  a  telegram  sent  from  here  to  a  small  post-office  fifteen  miles  from 
Chicago  could  be  sent  to  the  Chicago  office  and  mailed  there — the  sender  beine  in- 
formed at  this  office  as  to  when  the  mails  for  the  office  of  destination  would  leave 
the  Chicago  office  and  the  telegrams  could  be  sent  with  reference  to  the  time  on 
schedules  so  as  to  make  the  proper  connections." 


[New  York  Herald,  Angast  10, 1883.] 
POSTAL  TELEGRAPH. 

We  print  elsew^  ere  this  morning  a  fourth  series  of  extracts  from  influential  jour- 
nals in  all  parts  of  the  country  discussing  the  various  aspects  of  the  telegraph  ques- 
tion. .  It  will  be  seen  that  the  demand  for  competing  lines,  to  be  established  by  the 
Government,  is  widespread  and  general.  The  Chicago  Tribune,  in  a  leading  article 
of  great  ability,  takes  up  the  different  points  of  the  question  and  holds — 

First.  That  public  sentiment  will  not  tolerate  the  purchase  by  the  Government  of 
the  present  private  lines. 

Second.  That  the  Government  must  construct  its  own  lines. 

Third.  That  there  should  be  no  attempt  at  a  Government  monopoly  of  the  t-elegraph. 

Fourth.  That  competition  between  Government  and  private  lines  is  possible  and 
necessary,  because  in  that  case  any  abuses  on  Government  lines  would  be  remedied  by 
the  pubUc  using  the  private  lines. 

Fifth.  That  the  Government  has  the  same  right  to  build  and  operate  telegraph 
lines  as  private  individuals,  and  there  is  no  pretense  that  private  individuals  or  cor- 
porations may  not  build  new  and  competing  lines. 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  79 

To  tbeae  considerations  other  JounialB  add  that— 

Sixth.  The  amalgamation  policy  of  the  Western  Union  has  made  healthful  com- 
petition by  private  e£fort  impossible.  All  new  competitors  are  either  crashed  or 
bought  off  or  "swallowed. ''  Hence  it  is  necessary  that  the  Government  shall  come 
to  the  help  of  the  public. 

Seventh.  That  the  nse  of  the  telegraph  is  still  capable  of  very  great  extension,  and 
that  as  fast  mails  have  superseded  s^w  mails,  so  it  is  necessary  to  make  the  telegraph 
not  only  **  the  rich  man's  mail, "  but  the  poor  man's  as  well. 

Eighth.  That,  as  several  experienced  postmasters  have  explained,  there  is  no  diffi- 
culty at  all  in  making  the  telegraph  an  adjunct  of  the  post-office,  and  having  post- 
office  telegrams  delivered  by  the  letter-carriers,  or  in  small  places  simply  delivered  at 
the  local  post-office. 

Ninth.  That  the  cost  of  the  service  will  not  be  great,  and  that  it  will  be  undoubt- 
ed|ly  self-supporting. 

Tenth.  That  the  necessary  employment  of  skilled  operators  will  be  a  help  towarda 
oivil  service  reform. 

Finally,  the  opinion  is  very  generally  expressed  that  the  next  Congress  ought  to,, 
and  very  probably  will,  pass  a  postal  telegraph  act. 


(New  York  Herald,  Aagost  14, 1888.1 
GOVERyBfENT  COMPETITION  NEEDED. 

We  print  elsewhere  this  morning  another  series  of  extracts  from  Journals  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  country  an^uipg  m  favor  of  a  Government  line  of  telegraph  to  com- 
pete with  private  lines.  Two  of  these  articles— one  from  the  New  York  Public  and 
one  from  the  Chicago  Tribune — are  so  valuable  that  we  make  extended  extracts  from 
them.  They  discuss  t-he  various  phases  of  this  important  matter  with  such  ability  afi 
shows  that  these  influential  Journals  have  made  a  careful  study  of  it.  From  the  New 
York  Star,  also,  we  reprint  an  article  in  which  that  Journal  with  conspicuous  ability 
answers  the  objections  raised  to  Government  competing  lines  by  the  World  and  the 
Sun. 

There  is  no  longer  any  doubt  that  the  popular  mind  is  determined  upon  a  Govern- 
ment or  postal  telegraph  system.  The  objections  to  it  in  the  press,  here  and  there, 
are  feeble  and  for  uie  most  part  doctrinaire,  resting  upon  grounds  which  could  be 

inst  as  strongly  arged  against  the  Government  carrying  the  mails.  On  the  other 
land,  it  is  quite  clear  that  the  longer  the  plan  of  Government  competing  lines  of 
telegraph  is  considered  the  stronger  and  more  numerous  are  the  reasons  developed 
for  it  and  the  more  practical  and  necessary  to  the  public  convenience  and  security  it 
is  shown  to  be. 

It  is  the  general  opinion  that  the  Government  ought  not  to  assume  the  exclusive 
control  of  the  telegraph,  because  a  Government  monopoly  would  be  almost  as  danger- 
ous and  objectionable  as  that  from  which  the  public  now  suffers.  Competition  ia 
needed.  The  competition  of  private  effort  and  private  companies  would  be  prefera- 
ble, but  that  has  been  deliberately  destroyed  by  the  Western  Union  Company,  which, 
as  one  of  its  friends  wrote  in  a  now  notorious  pamphlet,  holds  the  country  like  **  an 
army  of  occupation. "  There  remains,  therefore,  no  protection  for  the  public  except 
snch  as  the  €k>vemment  can  give  by  competing  lines. 

The  Public,  in  a  very  able  discussion  of  the  problem,  declares  rightly  that  "  there 
is  safety  only  in  preserving  permanently  two  competing  systems^  either  of  which 
must  depend  for  its  revenues  and  its  very  existence  ux>on  rendering  service  with 
promptness  and  fidelity. ''    And  the  Public  adds : 

"  The  Government  itself  absolutely  needs  a  telegraphib  system  for  its  own  protection. 
This  will  not  seem  the  language  of  exaggeration  when  it  is  considered  that  the  ordinary 
enforcement  of  laws,  the  capture  of  offenders,  the  success  of  fiscal  operations,  the  pro- 
tection of  the  country  against  domestic  insurrection  or  foreign  invasion  have  come  to 
depend  in  these  days  upon  the  instant  transmission  of  intelligence  with  certain  and 
absolute  secrecy.  It  may  at  anv  time  come  to  pass  that  the  private  interests  of  those 
controlling  a  telegraph  system  snail  require  the  non-enforcement  of  the  law,  the  escape 
of  a  criminal,  the  prevention  or  delay  of  a  financial  operation,  or  the  partial  success 
of  a  domestic  outbreak  or  foreign  inroad.  It  is  nonsense  to  say  that  this  cannot  hap- 
pen. If  Mr.  Gould  could  suppress  for  a  few  honrs  or  days  news  of  an  outbreak  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  or  of  the  departure  of  a  hostile  iron-clad  from  Europe,  he  could  make 
millions  by  it.  The  Government  has  no  certainty  that  he  would  throw  away  millions. 
It  has  no  certainty  that  its  orders  bearing  on  great  financial  operations  may  not  be 
betrayed,  and  its  aims  thwarted.  " 

To  the  World's  plea  that  private  competition  ought  to  be  the  sole  remedy  for  the 


i 


80  STATEMENT  OF  GABDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 

present  troubles  the  Star  pertinently  replies :  **  Had  the  editor  of  that  interesting 
paper  lived  long  in  the  United  States  he  wonld  know  that  competition  has  had  its 
way  and  day  in  the  telegraph  business  and  has  utterly  broken  down.  The  present 
state  of  things  has  grown  directly  out  of  the  very  competition  he  clamors  lor  as  a 
remedy  for  the  present  state  of  things. ''    The  Indianapolis  Times  remarks : 

'*  The  Signal  Service  of  the  Government  has  become  a  necessity  in  the  preservation 
of  property  and  shipping  upon  the  rivers,  lakes,  and  seas,  and  f<ir  the  preservation 
of  numan  life,  and  its  importance  to  the  interests  of  commerce  is  incalcolable ;  yet 
in  1870  these  interests  were  all  Jeopardized  and  the  Signal  Service  brought  to  a  suspen- 
sion by  the  refusal  of  the  telegraph  company  to  accept  the  terms  offered  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. The  business  of  the  commercial  world  has  been  thrown  into  confusion  dor- 
ing  the  past  three  weeks  by  the  strike  of  the  operators.  But  there  is  still  another  and 
greater  danger.  The  telegraphic  lines  of  this  country  are  practically  in  the  hands  of 
one  man,  and  that  man  a  g^igantic  speculator.  He  has  in  his  power  the  only  means 
of  instantaneous  transmission  of  news,  not  only  throuffhout  tnis  country, but  across 
the  ocean.  Having  this  power,  he  can  at  any  time,  for  nis  own  speculative  purposes, 
suppress  the  transmission  of  news  until  the  business  of  the  whole  country  could  be 
paralyzed.'' 

The  Chicago  Tribune  sensibly  sa^s:  ^^It  is  better  in  every  way  that  the  Govern- 
ment should  compete  in  the  transmission  of  telegraphic  correspondence  than  endeavor 
to  monopolize  it.  If  the  men  in  control  of  the  Government  snould  ever  take  advan- 
I  tage  of  its  telegraphic  facilities  to  pay  excessive  salaries  to  its  employ^  and  to  that 

end  charge  the  public  exorbitant  rat«s,  or  if  confidential  communications  on  business, 
social,  or  political  affairs  were  betrayed  by  the  Government  service,  the  people  would 
have  the  competing  private  lines  to  fall  back  upon,  and  wonld  prefer  to  pay  the  com- 
panies higher  rates  to  make  sure  of  inviolability.  In  this  way  competition  would  be 
a  wholesome  and  permanent  restraint  upon  the  Government  and  the  men  in  control  as 
well  as  upon  the  private  companies. "  The  New  York  Evening  Post  perceives  that 
*^  a  larger  and  larger  number  of  people  are  beginning  to  see  that  Government  compe- 
tition is  the  only  one  which  will  ever  prove  effective  against  the  Western  Union,  and 
the  only  remedy  for  whatever  inconveniences  arise  from  having  the  telegraphy  of 
the  country  in  the  hands  of  one  corporation.  The  Western  Union  has  found  so 
little  difficulty  for  many  years  in  destroying  competition  by  buying  out  rival  compet- 
itors that  the  creation  of  rival  companies  for  the  express  purpose  of  bein^  sold  out  to 
it,  after  a  period  of  fictitious  activity  and  furious  deounciation  of  monopolies,  has  long 
been  a  favorite  device  of  tricky  financiers.  In  fact,  tho  corporation  is  largely  made 
up  of  these  purchased  champions  of  popular  rights.  What  we  need  now  is  a  Govern- 
ment telegraph,  in  connection  with  tho  x>08t-office,  to  compete  with  the  commercial 
corporations. " 

These  quotations  from  influential  and  thoughtful  Journals  fairly  represent  the 
thought  of  the  country,  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  Congress  will  act  upon  this 
thought  at  the  approaching  session.  We  regret  to  notice  that  the  Sun,  almost  alone 
among  journals  of  influence,  opposes  the  proposed  remedies  for  the  evils  of  telegraph 
monopoly. 

rN6W  York  Herald,  Angiut  23, 1883.] 
THE  PUBLIC  VOICE    DEMANDS  A  GOVERNMENT   TBLEQRAPH. 

The  telegraph  strike  has  broken  down,  and  the  Western  Union  chiefs  are  busy  making 
hard  and  humiliating  conditions  for  the  strikers  who  ask  it  for  employment.  Bnt  the 
demand  for  a  Government  telegraph  to  compete  with  private  lines  continues,  and  the 
longer  it  lasts  the  more  numerous  and  cogent  the  reasons  which  are  urged  by  journals 
in  all  parts  of  the  country  in  favor  of  it.  We  print  elsewhere  another  set  of  extracts 
from  tnoughtful  and  influential  Journals,  North,  South,  East,  and  West,  on  the  snbject. 

The  Galveston  News  and  Kansas  City  Times  show  the  futility  of  the  World's  propo- 
sition that  it  would  be  a  sufficient  remedyof  present  telegraph  abuses  if  Congress  were 
to  pass  laws  forbidding  the  amalgamation  of  companies  and  the  watering  of  stock. 
Both  these  able  JoumiQs  point  out  what  it  is  curious  the  World,  under  its  present  man- 
agement, should  have  forgotten — that  similar  laws  passed  in  Missouri  to  prohibit  the 
oonsolidation  of  railroads  have  been  contemptuously  disregarded.  The  Galveston  News 
aays: 

**  The  World  must  be  very  poorly  informed  or  it  would  know  that  the  oonstitntional 

5 revisions  or  statutory  laws  in  Missouri,  Texas,  and  other  States  against  the  consoli- 
ation  of  parallel  and  competing  railroads  have  been  practically  ineffectual.    Corpo- 
rations and  syndicates  have  found  a  way  to  overcome  or  circumvent  all  Icffal  difficul- 
ties, and  to  consolidate  and  pool  to  any  extent  desired  by  interested  and  oontraot- 
ing  parties.^ 
The  Kansas  City  Times  adds : 

^ '  Missouri  has  the  statute,  but  it  is  of  no  practical  utility.  It  has  been  set  at  naught 
by  the  railway  companies  of  the  State.    Since  its  enactment  wholesale  consolidations 

i 


STATEMENT   OP   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  81 

of  parallel  and  competing  lines  of  railroad  have  been  effected  with  impunity.  In  one 
instance  a  line  competing  with  the  Missonri  Pacific,  built  with  township  subscriptions 
for  the  express  purpose  of  competition,  was  bought  by  Jay  Gould,  consolidated  and 
then  destroye€l.  In  another  instance  two  great  nnes  traversing  the  State  from  east 
to  west  were  seized  by  the  same  hand  and  placed  under  the  same  mana^ment." 

It  will  strike  many  people  as  queer  that  the  World,  strenuously  opposing  a  Govern- 
ment  competing  telegraph,  urges  as  a  sufficient  remedv  a  law  which,  it  seems,  Mr. 
Gould  himself,  the  head  of  the  Western  Union  monopoly,  has  defied.  The  Mobile  Reg- 
ister, by  the  way,  remarks:  "In  the  midst  of  the  cotton  season  a  single  tick  of  this 
grivate  company.  Instigated  by  the  money  kings  of  New  York,  might  sweep  away  in  an 
our  the  hard  earned  means  of  business  men  t3\  over  the  Soutn."  The  Albany  Express 
adds:  "It  is  easy  to  conceive  of  situations  in  which  the  interests  of  such  a  capitalist 
and  speculator  might  induce  him  to  take  advantage  of  exclusive  knowledge,  obtained 
by  virtue  of  his  ownership  of  the  telegraph,  in  regard  to  fiscal  operations  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, or  other  wants  affecting  the  value  of  stocks." 


[New  York  Herald,  August  80. 1888.] 
THE    POSTMABTBR-QBNERAL  ON    QOVERNMSNT  TELEGRAPHS. 

The  Herald's  Washiuffton  correspondent  reports  that  Postmaster-General  Greshom 
is  making  a  careful  study  of  the  telegraph  question,  and  intends  to  give  some  recom- 
mendations upon  the  subject  in  his  annual  report.  It  is  believed  in  Washington  that 
bills  for  the  establishment  of  a  Government  line  will  be  introduced  in  both  houses  as 
aoon  as  Congress  meets.  Postmaster-General  Gresham  regards  the  matter  as  one  which 
ought  to  receive  attention  from  him  and  from  Congress,  because  for  the  first  time  it 
has  become  a  practical  question,  in  which  the  pubnc  takes  a  lively  and  positive  in- 
terest. 

We  trust  Mr.  Gresham's  studies  will  lead  him  to  the  conviction,  almost  nniversallv 
entertained  by  the  public,  that  the  Government  ought  not  to  monopiize  the  telegraph 
service ;  that  it  ought  not  to  repeat  the  costly  blunder  of  the  British  Government  by 
buying  out  existing  lines,  and  that  the  Government  lines  ought  to  beusedasacUunoto 
to  the  postal  service. 

There  will  be  a  heavy  pressure  from  speculators  to  persuade  Congress  to  buy  out  the 
present  companies.  The  Evening  Post,  which  some  weeks  ago  held  that  telegraph 
operators  ought  to  be  prevented  oy  law  from  striking,  yesterday  broke  ground  with 
^n  argument  that  the  Government  ought  to  buy  out  the  Western  Union  and  other  ex- 
isting companies  as  a  matter  of  justice.  The  Post  will  presently  tell  the  people  of  New 
York  that  they  ought  either  to  shut  up  the  Erie  Canal  or  buy  out  all  the  railroads,  and 
that  the  elevated  railroad  companies  in  this  city  ought  to  buy  out  all  the  surface 
lines. 

There  is  room  enough  for  a  dozen  well  manas:ed  telegraph  companies  in  this  country. 
The  use  of  the  telegraph  has  been  limited  and  checks  by  the  monopolv  of  the  West- 
em  Union  Company,  which  has  steadily  absorbed  its  competitors  and  thus  prevented 
that  healthful  and  necessary  competition  which  alone  brings  any  great  invention  into 
general  use.  If  a  single  corporation  could  have  managed  to  keep  control  and  owner- 
Slip  of  all  the  steamlK>at8  in  the  country  for  the  last  forty  years,  steam  navigation 
would,  like  the  telegraph,  be  still  in  its  infancy.  The  Western  Union  is  said  to  have 
transmitted  30,000y(^  of  messages  last  year,  and  this  in  a  country  with  50,000,000  of 
people.  With  proper  competition  in  tins  business  in  five  years  the  people  will  be- 
come so  accustomed  to  use  the  telegraph  that  they  will  send  300,000,000  rather  than 
30j000,000  of  messages  per  annum.  Even  that  would  be  less  than  six  messages  per 
head  of  population. 

As  for  Government  lines,  we  wonder  how  many  allies  of  corporations  will  have  the 
impudence  to  pretend  that  the  Government  has  not  the  same  right  as  private  citizens 
to  Duild  competing  lines.  The  telegraph  monox>olists  cannot  hope  to  '*  absorb ''a 
Government  Une,  that  is  true.  But  it  is  to  secure  the  needed 'Competition,  which  the 
monopolists  have  deliberately  made  impossible,  that  the  people  demand  a  Govern- 
ment competing  line. 

[From  the  Chicsgo  Tribnoe.] 
NATIONAL  TELEGRAPHS. 

The  demand  for  postal  telegraphy  has  been  immensely  quickened  by  the  oconrrenoe 
of  the  present  strike.  But  in  insisting  that  the  idea  of  the  Poet-Offioe  be  so  widened 
as  to  include  electric  letters  the  people  of  this  country,  taking  counsel  of  their  own 
good  sense,  as  also  of  their  experience,  will  hold  to  two  points  unwaveringly.  These 
are: 

1. '  No  purchase  of  existing  lines  which  are  bloated  with  watered  stock. 

2.  Genuine  Government  ctvil  service  to  run  the  telegraph  free  of  all  office  grabbing 

8.  Eep.  577,  pt.  2 6 


J 


82  8TATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD 

The  Eoglish  bonsht  their  lines  ftx>m  the  private  companiee  and  were  Hbockingly 
cheated.  Mr.  Scadamore,  of  the  British  x>08t-offlce,  made  a  careful  estimate  for  Par- 
liament; in  which  he  calculated  that  the  purchase  of  the  lines  would  cost  not  to  ex- 
ceed 120,000,000,  and  that  the  extensions  and  transfer  to  official  hands  would  cost  not 
to  exceed  $500,000  more.  The  extensions  in  five  years  after  the  purchase  had  cost 
$12,500,000  instead  of  $500,000,  with  more  to  come,  and  the  total  expenditure  of  the 
British  Government  had  reached  the  enormous  sum  of  $50^000,000,  instcuulof  the  modest 
sum  of  $20,500,000  they  were  assured  would  be  the  outside. 

The  Government  has  plenty  of  mone^ — more  than  it  knows  what  to  do  with.  Let  it 
build  telegraph  lines  connecting  Washington  with  the  principal  cities  of  the  Republic, 
binding  together  the  political,  commercial,  and  financial  centers  by  wires  not  at  the 
mercy  of  any  monopoly  whether  of  labor  or  of  capital.  Let  these  be  gradually  ex- 
tended as  the  money-order  post-offices  have  been  until  the  whole  country  epjoys  sll 
the  blessings  of  the  postal  telegraph.  The  Government  and  the  private  companies 
will  act  as  a  beautiful  system  of  checks  on  each  other.  The  competition  of  the  Gov- 
ernment will  keep  down  the  private  tendency  to  extortionate  rates.  The  oompetition 
of  the  private  lines  will  keep  the  officers  of  the  Government  enterprising  and  alive  to 
new  methods  and  new  wants. 

The  Government  will  have  no  monopoly,  but  neither  will  a  private  and  watered 
corporation  have  a  monopoly. 

[From  the  Baltimore  Amerioaa.] 
POSTAL  TBLBQRAPHT. 

The  strike  of  the  telegraph  operators  has  brought  into  renewed  prominence  the  ques- 
tion of  the  advisability  of  annexing  a  system  of  telesraphy  to  our  ordinary  mail  service. 
It  is  true  that  an  army  of  telegraph  operators  would  be  added  to  the  Government  pay- 
rolls, but  on  the  other  hand,  the  income  of  the  Government  from  telegraphy  would  more 
than  meet  that  exx>ense.  Moreover,  the  time  required  to  learn  to  become  a  skilled 
ovenXoT  involves  an  apprenticeship,  and  this  enforces  a  permanence  of  tenure  of  office 
which  mere  political  clerkships  do  not  naturally  enjoy.  There  would  be  no  depart- 
ment of  the  Government,  except  perhaps  the  Coast  Survey,  in  which  the  principles  of 
civil  service  reform  would  more  easily  be  carried  out.  As  to  espionage  and  monopoly 
of  information,  there  is  no  more  danger  in  telegraphy  than  in  postal  monopoly.  The 
Government  has  never  abused  the  sanctity  of  the  mails.  Why  should  it  violate  the 
privacy  of  telegrams  f 

The  advantages  are  very  obvious.  In  the  first  place,  cheapness  and  uniformity 
would  be  obtained,  and  far  greater  i>erfection  of  distribution  or  wires.  The  Govern- 
ment, not  having  dividends  to  pay  upon  immensely  watered  stock,  could  work  very 
cheaply.  Its  income  from  the  great  cities  would  be  so  large  that  it  could  afford  to 
establish  country  lines  where  they  would  not  pay.  For  example,  the  income  of  the 
PostrOffice  from  the  mails  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia  is  enormous,  and  gives 
it  a  margin  for  establishing  post-offices  in  remote  places  where  the  mails  are  carried 
at  a  loss.  It  costs  as  mucn  to  send  a  letter  to  Towson  as  to  San  Francisco.  Some- 
thing of  the  same  sort  might  be  done  in  telegraphy.  It  would  not  be  the  object  of 
the  Uovemment  to  make  money  by  telegraphy,  but  only  to  make  it  pay  its  own  ex- 
penses, as  the  Post-Office  does,  and  at  the  same  time  make  t-elegraphic  communication 
as  uniiorm  in  cost  and  as  cheap  as  the  case  will  permit.  Every  post-office  would  have 
its  telegraph,  and  perhaps  even  the  lowest  might  in  time  combine  the  functions  of 
postmaster  and  telegrapn  operator.  The  Government  could  build  its  own  lines  for 
less  than  one-fourth  of  the  inflated  value  of  Western  Union.  It  is  already  annouDoed 
that  a  bill  to  carry  out  this  plan  will  be  introduced  in  Congress  at  the  coming  ses- 
sion, and  it  would  be  well  for  the  people  to  think  over  it  and  make  up  their  minds  on 
the  subject. 


[From  the  New  Haven  Pallsdlnm.l 
OOVERNMBNT  TELEGRAPH. 

Whatever  may  be  the  result  of  the  telegraph  operators'  strike  it  is  safe  to  predict 
that  it  will  so  sharply  call  attention  to  the  relations  of  the  telegraph  to  tJie  Govern- 
ment and  the  people  as  to  give  a  renewed  impetus  to  the  postal  telegraph  scheme  or 
to  some  other  plan  for  the  better  regulation  of  teleflraph  communication.  Cor 
leaders  will  perhaps  recall  the  speeches  made  in  the  nanonal  Senate  on  this  subject 
at  its  last  session.  They  were  made  in  connection  with  the  debate  on  the  Post- 
Office  appropriation  bill,  and  attracted  much  attention  at  the  time.    The  first  waa 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD.  83 

made  by  Senator  Piatt,  of  this  State,  who  waa  followed  by  Senators  Sherman  and 
Edmnnds.  The  three  Senators  took  the  same  gronnd,  that  the  time  had  oome  for 
the  Government  to  seriously  consider  the  advisability  of  establishing  telegraph  lines 
of  its  own.  The  general  tenor  of  these  speeches  is  indicated  by  the  foUo^Hng  ex- 
tract from  that  of  Senator  Edmunds :  **What  the  United  States  in  regard  to  the 
postal  affairs  and  the  welfare  of  its  people  needs  to  do  more  than  anything  else  is 
to  construct  a  postal  telcj^ph,  beginning  moderately  between  great  points  in  the 
country  and  all  intermediate  points,  and  then  extending  it,  Just  as  we  have  the 
mail  system,  as  the  needs  of  the  community  and  fair  economy  would  require,  until 
every  post-office  in  the  country  should  liave,  or  be  within  immediate  reach  of  a  postal 
telegraph.  That  is  what  ought  to  be  done  and  what  will  be  done  within  a  very  few 
years  beyond  all  question."  Senator  Edmunds  ffave  notice  that  he  should  at  the  first 
opportunitjr  in  the  next  Congress  introduce  a  Dili  for  a  postal  telegraph,  and  the 
present  strike,  with  the  general  inconvenience  and  derangement  of  business  resulting 
from  it,  cannot  fail  to  win  strong  support  for  it. 

One  thing  should  be  thoroughly  understood  at  the  outset,  and  that  is  that  Govern- 
ment control  should  not  take  the  direction  of  purchasing  the  lines  of  the  present  cor- 
porations, with  their  watered  stock.  Competent  telegraph  men  say  that  the  Govern- 
ment, with  the  right  of  eminent  domain  which  it  has  under  the  power  to  establish 
post  routes,  could  establish  a  postal  telegraph  system  for  $15,000,000,  which  would  be 
practicallv  equal  as  to  all  central  iK>ints  to  the  Western  Union  Company  with  its 
almost  $100,000,000.  It  would  not  be  necessary  for  the  Government,  in  building  its 
lines,  to  buy  the  right  of  way,  as  it  would  unquestionably  have  the  right  to  establish 
a  postal  telegraph  along  any  post  ronte.  The  public  would  thus  be  relieved  of  the 
necessity  of  paying  dividends  on  watered  stock,  and  the  operators  would  be  assured 
of  a  <^  fair  day's  pay  for  a  fair  day's  labor''  without  the  necessity  of  resorting  to  a  strike. 
It  is  to  be  hopea  that  Mr.  Edmunds  will  make  good  his  promise  to  introdnce  a  postal 
telegraph  bill  at  the  earliest  date  possible. 


[Fhmi  th6  Coonoil  Bliiib  KonparelLI 
POSTAL  TBLEORAPHT. 

The  serious  interruption  of  the  business  of  the  country  and  the  damage  sustained 
by  other  interests  innumerable  on  account  of  the  telegraphers'  strike  is  renewing  at- 
tention to  the  practicability  of  postid  telegraphy.  The  nght  of  the  nation  to  facilitate 
the  business  of  its  citizens  by  means  of  wires  is  as  undoubted  as  is  its  right  to  do  so 
tlironfl^  the  medium  of  mail  bags.  The  capital  stock  of  the  Western  Union  is 
$100,000,000,  and  yet  gentlemen  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  subject  have  stated 
with  precision  that  the  Government  could  inaugurate  a  complete  postal  system,  now 
throughout,  serving  the  same  territory  now  under  the  wires  of  tne  Western  Union, 
for  $15,000,000.  The  subject,  in  view  at  least  of  the  possible  recurrence  of  Just  such 
troubles  as  are  now  npon  us,  deserves,  as  it  will  most  assuredly  receive,  the  careful 
consideration  of  press  and  public. 


[From  th6  New  Haven  Joonal  and  Coarier.] 
THB  QOVBRNMENT  TELBORAPH. 

The  qnestion  as  to  whether  the  Government  shall  establish  a  system  of  telegraph 
lines  thronghout  the  country  is  pressing  forward  npon  public  attention.  The  manifest 
weakness  of  the  Western  Union  in  the  present  contest  is  rapidly  producing  a  profound 
impression  npon  the  people.  A  gigantic  monopoly  is  always  loosed  upon  as  a  sort  of 
public  enemy  because  it  means  hi^  prices  and  arbitrary  regulations.  But  the  public 
IS  last  finding  out  that  a  monopoly  controlling  one  of  the  great  interests  of  the 
country,  vitally  important  to  its  commerce,  involves  something  moie  than  a  question 
of  prices.  When  the  monopoly  becomes  disabled  its  work  stops  and  business  suffers 
without  a  remedy.  Telegraphy  is  much  too  important  to  onr  commercial  interests  to 
be  left  subject  to  such  vicissitudes  as  the  present  strike.  The  people  cannot  afford  to 
trust  any  corporation  with  such  power  that  it  can  stagnate  the  Duuness  of  the  country 
whenever  it  chooses  to  quarrel  with  its  employ^.  The  question  of  Government  tele- 
graph will  be  pretty  sure  to  press  itself  upon  the  attention  of  the  next  Congress. 

And  why  should  we  not  have  the  Government  telegraph  f  It  would  not  be  neoes- 
sary  to  condemn  and  pay  for  the  franchise  of  the  Western  Union.  The  Government 
could  establish  competing  lines  of  its  own.  The  competition  would  be  a  pretty  safe 
one  so  far  as  the  Government  would  be  concerned.    The  Western  Union  pays  good 


84  STATEMENT   OF   OARUINRE   G.   HUBBARD. 

dlvidonds  on  enormoiiBly  watered  capital  stock.  To  enable  the  company  to  do  this 
the  people  are  made  to  pay  much  more  than  they  ouffht  to  for  the  transmiasioo  of 
their  dispatches.  The  Government  can  dnplicate  the  Western  Union  system  of  wires 
for,  probably,  a  third  of  the  present  capital  of  that  company.  It  need  charge  for 
measaees  no  more  than  the  actual  cost  of  their  transmission.  It  mav  charge  enough 
to  produce  a  revenue  and  still  fall  far  below  the  price  of  the  Western  Union.  In  short, 
the  Government  telegraph  will  save  the  country  the  dividends  It  is  a  scheme  in 
which  the  profits  are  pocketed  by  the  people  instead  of  a  corporation. 

The  common  obiection  to  thiB  is  that  the  business  would  not  be  as  economically 
done  by  public  as  bv  private  enterprise.  Wlyt  business  is  more  eoonomicaUy  man- 
aged than  the  postal  service  f  It  can  safely  cnallenge  comparison  with  the  Western 
Imion,  and  the  employ^  of  the  postal  service  are  not  underpaid.  Nobody  has  been 
known  to  strike  fh>m  it.  The  situations  are  always  full  and  plenty  of  applicants 
waiting. 


[From  the  Montral  Q«8«tte.] 
THB  TBLBORAPHER8*  STRIKE. 

Mr.  Mitchell  was  quite  right  when  he  denounced  the  absorption  of  the  Montreal 
Teleffraph  Company  by  the  western  Union,  through  the  intermediary  of  the  Great 
Northwestern,  and  the  applause  with  which  his  remarks  were  received  showed  how 
generally  his  opinions  were  concurred  in.  To  us.  who  incurred  some  odium  becaose 
of  the  position  taken  by  the  Gazette  on  this  question,  these  views  are  at  least  a  vindi' 
cation  of  our  course.  Had  merchants  generally  taken  as  warm  an  interest  in  the 
question  then  as  they  are  forced  to  do  now  the  absorption  mi^ht  have  been  prevented, 
and  the  Canadian  system  at  any  rate  would  have  been  in  the  hands  of  gentlemen  upon 
whom  the  pressure  of  public  opinion,  would  have  had  some  influence.  And  Mr.  Magor 
was  quite  risht  when  he  pointed  out  the  responsibilities  of  the  companies  under  their 
charters  and  the  way  in  which  those  responsibilities  are  being  ignored.  We  have  no 
doubt  that  the  solution  of  this  trouble  is  to  be  found  in  the  Government  taking  control 
of  the  telegraph  system  and  that  the  sooner  this  is  done  the  better  will  it  m  for  the 
public  interests. 


[From  the  Chioago  Trlbane.] 

The  New  York  Herald  says : 

^'  This  consideration  leads  directly  to  the  effective  means  by  which  the  Government 
can  protect  the  public  agaiust  telegraph  monopolies.  Con^n:«8s  may,  if  it  sees  fit. 
authorize  the  construction  of  a  complete  network  of  postal  telegraph  lines,  to  be  used 
in  connection  with  the  letter  mail  and  as  part  of  toe  postal  system  of  the  country. 
Such  a  Government  line  could  be  properly  used  for  expediting  private  correspondence. 
Letters  mailed  would  be  sent  for  two  cents,  as  the  new  law  provides.  Letters  tele- 
graphed would  pay  a  heavier  charge,  but  still  light  compared  with  Jay  Gould's  char^ 
They  would  be  telegraphed  to  the  office  of  destination  and  there  delivered  by  camerB 
in  the  ordinary  course  of  mail  delivery." 

Thi9  is  a  very  fair  presentation  of  the  case  as  it  is  formulated  in  the  public  mind. 
It  starts  with  the  theory  that  the  telegraph  has  become  as  necessary  a  vehicle  for  the 
transmission  of  intelligence  as  the  mans,  and  that  the  public  has  the  right  to  expect 
protection  from  the  Government  against  a  suspension  of  telegraph  facilities  by  any 
combination  of  private  capital  or  secret  conspiracies  of  labor.  The  surest,  most  prac- 
tical and  most  effective  way  to  secure  such  protection  to  the  people  is  for  the  Govern- 
ment to  construct  telegraph  lines,  beginning  with  the  routes  most  used,  and  extending 
them  as  rapidly  as  possible  to  all  the  regular  post-routes,  and  to  operate  them  at  a 
self-sustaining  rate  upon  the  same  principle  as  the  mail  system.  The  Government 
does  not  hancUe  the  mails  to  make  profit.  It  is  not  obli£[ed  to  earn  dividends  on  stock, 
and  it  would  have  no  telegraph  bonds  issued  on  which  it  would  be  required  to  pay  in- 
terest. The  Government  would  build  its  telegraph  system  with  spare  money,  surploB 
revenue,  and  it  would  only  have  to  charge  enough  tolls  to  defray  operating  expenses 
and  repairs. 

It  will  be  by  no  means  a  formidable  undertaking  for  the  Government.  Probably  an 
exi>enditure  of  $25,000,000,  extended  over  half  a  dozen  years,  will  provide  a  telegraph 
service  as  extensive  as  that  now  covered  by  the  private  corporations,  and  of  a  much 
more  durable  character,  and  one  which  need  not  charge  the  public  half  as  high  tolls. 
The  Government  may  proceed  without  any  reference  to  existing  telegraph  companies, 
which  may  continue  in  business  if  they  cnoose.  The  transmission  of  small  packages 
by  mail  at  cheap  rates,  assumed  by  the  Government  a  few  years  ago,  did  not  drive  toe 


STATEMENT  OF   GARDINEB   G.   HUBBARD.  85 

express  companies  out  of  business,  bat  merely  forced  thum  to  moderate  their  charges, 
and  nobody  thought  of  snggesting  that  it  was  the  dnt^  of  the  Govemment  to  bny  up 
all  the  watered  express  stock  in  the  country.  The  addition  of  telegraph  facilities  to 
the  Government  postal  system  stands  upon  precisely  the  same  footing.  The  Govem- 
ment is  in  nowise  committed,  and  is  under  no  possible  oblionition  to  iQlow  the  Jobbers 
and  manipulators  of  telegraph  stock  to  unload  it  on  Uncle  Sam  at  three  or  four  times 
its  actual  value. 

The  advantages  which  will  accrue  to  the  public  ftom  a  Govemment  telegraph  sys- 
tem are  obvious.  There  will  be  no  watering  of  stock.  There  will  be  no  strikes  of 
operators.  There  will  be  no  dividends  to  pay  on  real  or  fictitious  stock.  There  will  be 
no  blackmailing  lines,  built  to  sell  out  under  threat  of  undermining  competition.  The 
same  perfection  in  detail  can  be  achieved  in  telegraphy  that  has  been  reached  in  the 
mail  service.  The  public  will  be  better  served  at  greatly  reduced  rates,  and  there  will 
never  be  any  danger  of  a  suspension  of  facilities  pending  a  disagreement  about  oper- 
tives'  wages.  If  Senator  Edmunds  will  take  hold  of  this  project  with  his  known  auil- 
ity  and  energy  it  will  not  take  long  for  him  to  concentrate  a  public  sentiment  which 
Congress  will  not  dare  to  disregard,  no  matter  how  corraptlytne  telegraph  companies 
may  act,  and  he  is  the  sort  of  man  who  will  not  tolerate  any  Jobs  contemplating  the 
purchase  of  watered  stock  as  a  means  to  secure  the*  necessary  telegraph  poles,  wires, 
and  instruments,  which  constitute  all  the  machinery  the  Government  needs  to  go  into 
the  telegraph  business. 


[From  the  Worcester  Spy.] 
POSTAL  TELEGRAPH. 

Another  proposition  is  that  the  United  States,  without  interfering  with  the  property 
or  franchises  of  the  existing  companies,  shall  establish  its  own  lines  over  such  routes 
as  Congress  may  direct,  "and  do  a  telegraphic  business  in  connection  with  the  postal 
service,  not  to  the  exclusion  of,  but  in  competition  with  any  private  corpjorations 
now  in  existence,  or  which  might  be  established.  Such  a  postal  telegraph,  with  rates 
fixed  so  as  to  meet  all  of  the  current  expenses,  with  a  low  rate  of  interest  on  the  cost 
of  the  lines,  would  provide  a  permanent  competitor  of  the  private  lines,  compelling 
them,  in  order  to  secure  a  fair  proportion  of  tne  business,  to  serve  the  public  at  mod- 
erate rates,  with  speed,  accuracy,  and  civility.  It  would  not  probably  prevent  them 
from  earning  a  fair  profit,  for  it  is  believed  that  ofiQcial  management,  with  its  greater 
formality,  its  subjection  to  laws  and  regulations  not  readily  changed  to  suit  changing 
conditions,  and  without  the  stimulus  of  private  interest,  cannot  adapt  itself  so  weU 
to  the  popular  requirements  as  that  of  a  private  corporation  can. 


[From  the  Yickebarg  Hecald.] 
THE  REMEDY  FOR  THE  TELEGRAPH  STRIKE. 

To  begin  the  postal  telegraph  would  cost  the  Govemment  little  or  nothing,  for  it 
could  issue  3  per  cent,  bonds  and  arrange  the  tolls  to  pay  the  interest.  If  the  next 
Congress  does  not  pass  a  law  to  commence  the  good  work,  it  will  woefhlly  fail  in  its 
duty  to  respond  to  popular  sentiment. 


[From  the  'Sew  Haven  PaUadinm.  ] 
CHEAP   TELEGRAPHING. 

Not  the  least  of  the  advantages  which  the  postal  telegraph  has  to  commend  it  to 
popular  &vor  Is  the  low  rate  of  tolls.  The  telegraph  of  to-day  is,  as  Senator  Piatt  ex- 
presses it,  "  the  rich  man's  mail.''  With  monopolv  crushed  out  by  the  powerful  aid 
of  the  Govemment  it  could  be  brought  within  the  reach  of  every  individual  in  the 
land.  In  this  connection  the  statistics  of  tolls  in  those  foreign  countries  whose  gov- 
ernments provide  telegraph  facilities  for  the  people  are  of  interest.  In  Belgium  mes- 
sages are  sent  anywhere  within  the  Kingdom  for  the  uniform  price  of  10  cents ;  in 
Switzerland,  10  cents;  in  Greece,  18  cents;  in  France,  from  10  to  'zO  cents,  according  to 
the  distance;  in  Baden  and  the  Netherlands,  13  cents;  in  Wurt«mburg,  15  cents;  in 
lytaly,  20  cents ;  in  the  North  German  Union,  124  to  37^  cents,  according  to  distance; 
in  Austria  and  Hungary,  10  to  40  cents,  according  to  distance ;  in  Norway  and  Sweden, 


86  STATEMENT  OF  GARDINER  O.  HUBBARD. 

28  oenta :  in  Australia,  25  cents.  Great  Britain  was  the  last  of  the  European  nations 
to  abandon  the  syBtem  of  private  management  of  telegraphs  and  unite  them  with  the 
postal  service.  The  rates  of  charges  in  that  country  previous  to  February  5,  1870, 
were :  For  a  distance  not  exceeding  100  miles,  24  cents ;  over  100  but  not  exceeding 
200, 36  cents;  over  200  miles,  48  cents.  For  additions  of  ten  words  or  less  than  ten 
words  half  rates  were  charged.  Since  Febmary  5,  1870,  the  period  when  the  telegraph 
lines  passed  under  the  control  of  the  post-office  department,  the  rates  have  been  uni- 
formly, and  without  regard  to  the  distance,  throughout  the  United  Kingdom,  24  cents 
for  the  first  twenty  words  of  each  message,  not  counting  the  name  or  address  of  the 
sender  or  receiver,  and  this  sum  covers  the  delivery  of  the  message  by  special  fool 
messenger  within  the  limit  of  one  mile  of  the  terminal  telegraph  office. 


[From  the  Waterbnry  Amerioaa.) 
QOVXBNMBlfT  AKD  THB  TELBGBAPH. 


The  postal  telegraph  scheme,  however,  does  not  propose  to  do  away  with  the  tele- 
ffraph  companies  as  they  now  exist  for  certain  kinds  or  business.  It  only  proposes  to 
bring  within  reach  of  all  in  their  communications  the  speed  and  convenience  which  it 
now  ei:Joyed  only  by  the  few. 


[From  the  Memphis  AppesL] 
AK  UNSCRUPULOUS  MONOPOLY. 

The  telegraph  business  in  this  country  is  already  in  the  hands  of  a  hage  and  un- 
scrupulous monopoly,  and  the  tendency  is  towara  further  monopoly,  whatever 
objection  there  may  be  to  add  to  the  number  of  the  Government's  employ^,  it  is  no 
relief  £rom  that  difficulty  to  be  grasped  by  the  other  difficulty — corporate  monopoly. 


[From  the  Nsshville  Banner.  ] 
MORS  IMPORTANT  THAN  THB  MAIU 

Were  telegraphs  under  the  supervision  of  the  Post  Office  Department,  or  a  separate 
one  of  its  own,  such  troubles  as  the  present  would  never  result.  And  further,  we 
should  thus  secure  a  cheaper  service  for  the  business  and  public  interests  of  the  countiy, 
and  be  confident  of  a  continual  decrease  in  rates,  as  has  been  in  postage.  Communica- 
tioii  by  wire  has  become  of  equal  if  not  superior  importance  as  that  by  malL  An  oppor- 
tunity is  offered  for  the  agitation  of  this  question,  and  the  papers  of  the  country  should 
take  every  advantage  of  it.  Use  the  National  Treasury  surplus  in  buying  or  erecting 
telegraph  lines  for  the  people,  to  be  controlled  and  conducted  as  a  public  service  for 
the  general  good. 


[From  the  Trenton  State  Gaiette.] 
POSTAL  TELEGRAPHY. 

As  to  the  creation  of  a  danjgerons  army  of  office-holders,  the  fear  is  chimerical.  The 
country  would  never  know,  bv  any  interference  with  public  affairs,  that  such  an  army 
CTisted.  The  people  selected  for  the  service  would  necessariljr  be  experts.  They  could 
not  be  displaced  oy  wholesale  at  the  chauffc  of  every  administration.  Besides,  the 
new  civil  service  reform  system  would  appnr  to  them.  They  would  be  secure  in  their 
places,  both  by  the  impossibility  of  filling  their  positions,  and  by  civil  service  reform. 
They  would,  therefore,  be  under  no  temptations  to  take  an  active  part  in  primary 
packing  and  convention  running. 


STATEMENT  OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD.  8T 

[From  the  Montreal  Witn«M.  ] 
NO  VBSTBD  RIGHTS  IN  CANADA. 

We  trust  that  the  Goyemment  will  come  to  a  decision  at  ODoe  in  favor  of  the  pro- 
posal, which  they  have  had  so  long  under  consideration,  to  establish  a  telegraph  sys- 
tem in  connection  with  the  postal  system.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  people  will  urge 
upon  the  Goyemment  the  Immediate  necessity  of  doing  so  without  apprehensions  as 
to  any  obstructions  which  stand  in  the  way  oi  a  cheap  undertaking  of  the  work. 


[From  the  New  York  Star.] 
OHBAP,  UNIFORM,  AND  8AFX. 

The  incorporation  of  the  telegraph  into  the  postal  service  is  required  in  order  to  secure 
a  cheap,  uniform,  and  safe  method  of  telegraphic  communication .  To-day  the  charges  on 
telegraphic  messaffes  are  four  times  higher  than  they  should  or  nec'd  be.  The  Western 
Union  has  doubled  its  stock  with  water,  until  the  original  money  capital  has  become  as 
diluted  as  the  high  attenuations  of  the  homeopathic  school.  Yet  it  pays  an  enormous 
dividend  on  this  water  by  levying  a  tax  on  every  message  sent  over  its  wires.  A  tele- 
graph costs  comparative  little,  ft  can  be  cheaply  operated.  It  could  carry  messages 
for  a  trifle.  In  three-quarters  of  the  post-offices  of  the  country  no  additional  attend- 
ant would  be  required.  An  immense  impetus  would  be  given  to  business  by  such  a 
reduction  of  postal  rates.  The  tariff  would  be  systematize  and  uniform.  In  the  third 

Slace,  the  telegraph  should  be  incorporated  into  the  postal  service  in  order  to  break 
own  the  despotism  of  monopolies^  and  prevent  such  a  costly  and  daroaffing  interrup- 
tion of  business  as  our  community  is  suffering  from  to-day.  Soppose  the  post-offices 
were  controlled  by  a  private  corporation,  with  such  men  as  Gould,  and  Sage,  and 
Eokert,  and  Green  at  its  head !  The  whole  correspondence  of  the  country  would 
be  at  the  mercy  of  their  greed.  If  they  saw  fit  to  reduce  the  wages  of  employ^  and 
precipitate  a  strike,  the  entire  business  of  the  country  would  stop,  and  the  people  in 
ten  millions  of  homes  would  be  isolated  from  their  friends.  The  telegraph  represents 
the  most  vital  part  of  the  intellisence  of  the  country.  It  carries  the  most  important 
communications.  It  is  burdenea  not  only  with  news  affecting  trade.and  prices,  the 
fortunes  of  bosiness  men,  but  with  messages  of  woe,  and  Joy,  and  grief,  and  death. 
No  private  corporation  should  have  the  power  to  control  such  an  agency  for  specula- 
tive ends  in  a  country  in  which  the  people  are  supreme  and  the  Government  is  their 
agent. 


[Fnm  the  IndittoapolU  Times.] 
LXT   THK  QOVBRNlfENT  BUILD. 

It  is  said  by  some  that  the  Government  ought  not  to  come  in  comnetition  with  pri- 
vate citizens.  A  sufficient  answer  to  that  is  that  the  Government  nas  the  exclusive 
right  to  carry  the  mails.  The  same  argument  was  used  when  it  was  proposed  to 
carry  small  packages  through  the  mails  and  to  introduce  the  money-order  system,  yet  the 
Government  did  not  see  fit  to  buy  out  either  the  express  companies  or  the  banks.  The 
Government  could  build  now  lines  cheaper  than  to  buy  the  old  ones,  or  cheaper  than 
individuals,  for  it  would  not  be  required  to  purchase  the  right  of  way,  as  it  has  the 
right  to  use  any  post  route,  and  all  railroad  lines  are  post  routes.  Tne  Government 
hM  the  money  to  build  with,  and  it  ought  to  have  the  controL  Then  the  people  and 
business  interests  of  the  country  would  not  be  under  the  dictation  of  a  monopoly. 


[From  the  Saint  Psol  Pioneer  Preee.] 
THB  PUBLIC    AND  THE  TKLBGRAPH. 


On  the  other  hand,  the  objection  which  has  always  been  most  unanswerable  is  in  a 
ir  way  to  disappear.  The  lion  in  the  path  has  been  the  matter  of  patrona^.  The 
fear  that  the  telegraphic  service  would  be  used  to  intrench  a  political  party  in  power 
has  fought  more  powerfully  against  it  than  any  other  consideration.    This  argument 


H 


88  STATEMENT  OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD. 

loees  its  force  in  the  presence  of  a  syBtem  of  civil  service  reform  already  in  operation. 
With  the  ri^d  application  of  that  to  the  service,  and  the  repeal  of  thefonr  years'  ten- 
ure, the  political  ohjection  would  have  little  forces  and  besides  the  nature  of  the  oc- 
cupation, requiring  skill  and  previous  training,  would  make  it  less  liable  to  the  abuses 
of  rewards  and  appointments  for  political  reasons. 


[From  the  Now  York  Herald,  Aoiniet  8, 1S88.] 

Philadelphia,  August  4, 1883. 

On  the  3d  of  last  March,  Mr.  Bingham,  of  Pennsylvania,  from  the  Committee  on 
Post-Offlces  aod  Post-Roads,  submitted  a  report  on  telegraph  matters,  intended  to  ac- 
company a  bill  to  establish  a  postal  telegraph. 

This  report  shows  that  the  Government  has  at  this  time  in  operation,  5,670  miles  of 
lines  owned  by  it,  and  under  construction  129  miles  more. 

It  shows  further  that  the  Union  Pacific,  the  Central  Pacific,  and  the  Northern  Pacific 
— all  land-grant  railroads — ^have  substantially  violated  an  act  of  Conspess  by  leasing 
their  telegraph  lines  to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  whid  as  land-grant 
roads  they  have  no  right  te  do. 

The  report  also  gives  a  histery  of  the  ways  in  which  the  Western  Union  Company 
has  built  up  the  monopoly  which  is  so  iojurious  te  the  public  interest  and  develops 
some  facts  not  jg^enerally  known.  The  following  extracts  from  the  report  are  of  in- 
terest at  this  tmie : 

WHAT  THK  KBPORT  8BT8  FORTH. 

In  1866,  application  was  made  te  Congress  te  incorporate  the  "  National  Telemph 
Company,''  with  the  intent  of  building  and  operating  lines  throngjhont  the  united 
States,  under  one  act  of  incorporation, and  likewise  te  secure  certein  righte  of  way 
across  the  public  domain  and  along  railroads  and  other  roads  declared  by  Congress 
te  be  post  routes,  as  well  as  across  rivers  and  elsewhere  within  territory  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  Congress. 

Pending  action  n|K)n  this  bill  it  was  amended  so  as  te  make  it  a  gjeneral  law,  appli- 
cable to  all  telegraph  companies,  and  is  the  law  referred  to  in  this  bill  as  having  been 
approved  July  IM.  1866,  entitled  ''An  act  te  aid  in  tbe  construction  of  telegraph  lines 
and  te  secure  to  the  €k>vemment  the  use  of  the  same  for  postal,  militery,  and  other 
purposes." 

It  was  pleaded  at  that  time  that  such  interference  on  the  part  of  the  GoTemment 
looking  te  the  incorporation  of  such  a  telegraph  company  as  was  proposed  was  the 
nucleus  of  transferio^  the  telegraph  business  or  the  United  States  to  the  Government^ 
and  the  Western  Union  Teleffrapb  Company  claimed  that,  having  expended  many 
millions  of  dollars  in  the  development  of  their  system,  so  that  at  tnat  time  it  practi- 
cally covered  the  whole  of  the  United  States,  this  law,  even  though  made  general  In 
ite  application,  should  not  be  put  inte  oper9tion  at  once^  but  that  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  should  have  an  opportunity  of  realizing  some  benefit  from  their 
large  investment  before  extensive  competition  should  be  built  up  either  by  the  aid  of 
Congress  or  by  the  United  Stetes  Government  itself,  and  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  consented  to  accept  the  provisions  of  the  act  above  referred  to  if  they  were 
allowed  to  have  full  control  of  their  property  without  interference  for  five  years  from 
the  date  of  the  approval  of  the  above  act. 

THB  WESTERN  UNION  MONOPOLY. 

Such  provision  was  made,  and  the  inducement  at  that  time  to  invest  a  large  sum 
of  money  in  the  development  of  a  separate  telegraph  system,  under  the  conflicting 
laws  of  the  several  Stetes, was  withdrawn  by  the  failure  of  Congress  te  grant  this  act 
of  national  incorporation.  Since  that  time  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Companv 
has  practically  monopolized  the  telegraph  business  of  the  country ;  for,  although 
numerous  opposition  hues  have  been  commenced,  constructed,  and  operated  up  to  a 
certain  point,  so  many  difficulties  were  met  and  found  almost  impossuile  to  overcome 
that  sooner  or  later  they  were  broken  down  and  absorbed  by  the  larger  company. 

This  was  particularly  the  case  in  the  histerv  of  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  Telegraph 
Companv,  which,  up  te  1873,  had  established  a  system  of  lines  reaching  from  New 
York  to  x^ew  Orleans,  Saint  Louis  and  Chicago,  and  connecting  with  the  Great  West- 
em  Telegraph  Company,  which  extended  west,  southwest,  and  northwest  frx>m  Chi- 
cago; and  also  connecting,  through  the  Franklin  Telegraph  Company,  with  the  South- 
em  and  Atlantic  Telegraph  Company,  which  extended  from  Washington  City  to  New 
Orleans. 


STATEMENT  OF   GARDINEH   G.   HUBBARD.  89 

The  Pacific  and  Atlantic  Telegraph  Company  having  been  absorbed  by  the  Western 
Union  Telegrraph  Company  in  1873,  the  Soathem  and  Atlantic  followed  in  1875.  The 
Atlantic  ana  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  was  being  developed  in  the  mean  time,  and 
up  to  1877  bad  extended  its  lines  from  New  York  to  Omaha  (where  it  connected  with 
the  telegraph  lines  of  the  Union  and  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Companies,  which  gave 
it  an  outlet  to  the  Pacific  coast)  and  from  New  York  to  Saint  Louis,  New  Orleans,  and 
intermediate  points,  connecting  at  New  York  with  the  Franklin  Telegraph  Company, 
which  had  lines  through  the  principal  portions  of  New  England,  and  likewise  from 
New  York  to  Washington.  Tnese  companies  were  practicaQy  absorbed  by  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company  in  the  summer  of  1877,  and  finally  extinguished  by  an 
attempted  consolidation  in  January,  1881. 

PKIVILVGB  TO  BAILR0AD8. 

In  1879  Congress,  by  an  amendment  to  the  army  appropriation  bill,  approved  June 
23, 1879,  authorized  the  various  railroads  of  the  country  to  do  a  general  telegraph  busi- 
ness, under  which  provision  the  American  Union  Telegraph  Company  was  developed. 
This  company  had  lines  through  New  England,  and  fh>m  New  York  to  Omaha  (where 
it  connected  through  the  Pacific  railroads  with  the  Pacific  coast),  Kansas  City.  Saint 
Louis,  New  Orleans,  and  intermediate  points,  and  was  likewise  absorbed  oy  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  through  an  attempted  consolidation,  in  January, 
1881.  The  difiQculty  which  most  of  these  telegraph  companies  met  with  in  developing 
a  means  for  cheapening  telegraphic  communication  throughout  the  country  was,  that 
the  Western  Union  Telegrapn  Company  constantly  contested  with  them  the  rights  in- 
tended to  be  granted  by  Congress  under  the  act  approved  July  24,  1866,  granting  the 
righto  of  wa^  along  the  railroad  post  routes  of  the  United  States.  There  were  nu- 
merous conflicting  decisions  as  the  outgrowth  of  these  litigations,  although  the  United 
States  courts  generally  decided  against  them. 

In  the  year  1874  the  Western  Union  Telegpiph  Company  desired  to  buihl  a  telegraph 
line  across  the  State  of  Florida,  to  connect  with  the  International  Ocean  Telegraph  Cable 
to  Cuba,  owned  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  The  right  to  build  and  oper- 
ate telegraph  lines  in  Florida  was  claimed  oy  a  State  organization,  which  company  at- 
tempted to  prevent  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  from  constructing  their 
proposed  line.  This  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  contested,  and  pleaded 
their  rights  under  the  act  approved  July  24, 1866,  which  therotofore  they  had  always 
denied  to  other  telegraph  companies.  The  case  finally  reached  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  Stetes,  and  a  decision  was  rendered  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  October 
term  of  1878,  which  is  set  forth  at  length  in  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  Reports, 
volume  96,  page  1,  where  the  court  t<x>k  the  broad  ground  that  no  State  could  legis- 
late so  as  to  prevent  interstate  commerce,  which  telegraphic  communication  was  de- 
cided to  be. 

A  FORMIDABLE  OBSTACLE. 

Another  great  obstacle  to  the  successful  development  of  cheap  telegraphy  in  this 
country  lay  in  the  fact  that  in  1868  Congreas  passed  a  bill,  approved  the  19th  day  of 
Mareh,  1868,  intended  to  confer  an  honorable  recognition  upon  Charles  G.  Page  for  an 
alleged  invention  known  as  his  **  induction  coil  apparatus  and  circuit  breaker,"  which 
invention  had  been  reoognized  bv  the  Government  of  France  as  in  one  of  her  own  citi- 
zens. The  '*  Page  patent,"  so  called,  was  issued  in  such  terms  as  to  make  it  possible 
to  distort  it  fh>m  its  original  intent  under  the  act  of  Congress  to  a  revival  of  the 
claims  under  the  Morse  patent,  which  latter,  after  an  extension  by  Congress,  had  finidly 
expired  in  1865. 

In  1869  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  saw  its  opportunity  to  secure  con- 
trol of  the  ''Page  patent,"  and  had  it  reissuea  October  11, 1871,  so  that  in  more  spe- 
cific terms  it  should  revive  the  invention  of  Professor  Morse,  and  under  this  claim  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  has  undertaken  since  then  to  monopolize  the  tele- 
graph business  by  deoliutition  and  claim  of  right,  and  by  annoying  litigation  against 
all  telegraph  companies  and  various  railroad  companies  using  the  ordinary  telegraph 
instrument,  in  case  they  should  combine  to  constitute  a  telegraph  company  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company. 

The  most  active  contest  was  made  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  against 
the  American  Union  Telegraph  Company,  and  the  defense  set  up  was  so  conclusive 
that  it  was  not  pressed  to^nal  decree,  but  was  one  of  the  agencies  used  to  bring  about 
the  alleged  consolidation  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  with  the  American 
Union  Telegraph  Company  in  1881,  before  referred  to. 

mew  COMPANIES  IKCOKPORATED. 

As  soon  as  this  attempted  consolidation  had  token  place  other  organizations  were 
incorporated  to  occupy  the  field  of  opposition,  especially  the  Mutual  Union  Telegraph 


90  STATEMENT  OF  GABDINEB  G  UUBBAHD. 

Company,  which,  during  1881  and  1882,  had  erected  some  forty  thooaand  miles  of 
wire,  reaching  varions  points  in  New  England  and  points  north  of  the  Ohio  and  Po- 
tomac Bi  vers,  and  east  of  the  Mississippi.  Also  the  American  Bapid  Telegraph  Com- 
panyand  Postal  Telegraph  Company.  No  sooner  had  these  comi>anies  organized  than 
the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  immediately  entered  salt,  with  claims  of  ab- 
solute riffht  to  the  "  Paffe  patent,''  and  such  litigations  are  now  pending,  although 
not  as  vet  pressed  to  triaL 

The  Mutual  Union  Telesraph  Company  having  been  subjected  to  litigations  in  the 
interest  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Companv,  has  finally  succumbed,  and  on 
Saturday,  February  10,  1883,  there  was  an  alleged  lease  of  the  Mutual  Union  Tele- 
graph Company  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  The  principad  opposi- 
tion company  now  remaining  which  promises  any  permanency  is  bein^^  developed  by 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Bailroad  Company*  These  various  opposition  companies 
that  have  existed  from  1866  to  the  present  tune,  while  finally  absorbed  by  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company,  have  been  the  means  of  sreatlv  reducing  the  cost  of 
telegraphic  communication  to  the  Gk>vemment,  the  people,  ana  the  press.  Notwith- 
standing this  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  have  continueid  to  show  enor- 
mous gross  and  net  earnings,  so  that,  although  they  increas«*d  their  capital  from 
141,00^000  in  1880  to  $80,000,000  in  1881.  the  profits  of  the  business  have  enabled  them, 
according  to  their  statements^  to  pay  6  per  cent,  on  the  doubled  capital  and  accu- 
mulate a  surplus.  This  is  the  stron^^est  evidence  that  the  rates  can  be  very  much  re- 
'  duced  to  the  people  by  the  construction  of  lines  for  cash  instead  of  througn  construc- 

\  tion  companies,  issuing  large  amounts  of  bonds  and  stock  as  bonuses. 

A  BARRIER  TO  PROGRESS. 

« 

The  question  of  postal  telegraphy  has,  during  this  interim,  frx>m  time  to  time  been 
actively  discussed,  and  at  various  sessions  of  Congress  bills  have  been  introduced, 
long  investigations  have  been  made  by  Congressional  committees,  all  looking  to  the 
cheapening  of  the  cost  of  telegraphic  communication  by  some  measure  of  legislation. 
Objection  nas  always  been  made  by  the  Western  Union  Teleffraph  Company  to  the 
4  establishment  of  a  postal  telegraph  system  controlled  by  the  United  States  Govern- 

ment in  connection  with  the  post-office  service  of  the  conntrv,  and  sundry  attempts 
at  the  establishment  of  such  postal  system  have  been  defeated  by  the  interposition  of 
agencies  and  influences  unknown  to  your  committee.  The  later  combinations  which 
have  resulted  in  the  maintaining  and  extending  the  monopolar  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  have  given  renewed  interest  to  the  question  of  the  policy  to  be 
foUowea  by  Congress.  The  telegraph  has  now  become  a  matter  of  absolute  necessity 
to  the  people  of  this  country,  and  tne  number  of  messages  transmitted  annually  is  in- 
creasing in  ratio  with  every  year. 

QUESTION  FOR  SERIOUS  CONSIDERATION. 

Whether  such  postal  system  shall  be  established  or  not,  or  whether  the  control  of 
the  telegraph  business  of  the  country  shall  be  left  in  private  hands,  subject  to  such 
legislation  as  Congress  ma^  deem  advisable  to  secure  reasonable  competition  without 
danger  of  constant  absorption  on  the  part  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company, 
is  a  ouestion  to  be  seriously  considered  aside  and  apart  from  the  fSact  tnat  the  rates 
coula  be  largely  reduced  and  yet  the  telegraph  system  be  a  source  of  great  revenue  to 
the  Government  of  the  United  States. 

It  is  believed  that  there  is  at  the  disposal  of  the  Government  or  of  any  corporation 
which  shall  receive  the  sympathy  and  recognition  of  the  Government  methods  for 
transmitting  teleffraphic  messages  that  would  enable  a  reduction  in  cost  from  85  to 
50  per  cent.,  whion,  upon  lines  constructed  on  a  cash  basis,  would  still  furnish  Isjge 
returns  on  the  capital  so  invested,  and  yet  greatly  benefit  the  people  of  the  oonnt^. 
This  reduction  in  the  cost  of  telegraphic  service,  however,  would  raise  the  ouestion 
as  to  whether  a  large  reduction  in  such  cost  would  not  to  some  extent  affect  the  reve- 
nues of  the  Post-Offlce  Department  by  inducing  the  bnsioees  men  of  the  country  to 
transact  the  larger  portion  of  their  business  by  telegraph  rather  than,  as  they  now 
do,  by  mail.  These  matters  could  only  be  inteliigently  aiscussed  after  the  inquiries 
were  instituted,  as  suggested  by  the  proposed  bul,  creating  a  commission  to  report 
upon  the  i ubject  at  the  next  session  of  Congress. 


[From  the  Trenton  State  Ossette.! 

The  New  York  Herald  has  taken  up  postal  telegraphy,  and  i^pnshing  it  with  char- 
acteristic energy.  There  is  little  doubt  the  country  is  about  ripe  for  this  progressive 
step.    Postal  telegraphy  must  come. 


StATEMENT   OF    GARDINER    G     HUBBARD.  91 

[From  the  WMhington  Star.] 
DUTY  OF  THE  QOyEBNMENT. 

Talk  of  GoTemment  telegraphic  service  in  connection  with  the  Poot-Offlce  Depart- 
ment is  again  becoming  quite  common,  based  upon  the  prolonged  operators'  strike, 
and  it  is  altogether  likely  that  the  proposition  will  gain  considerable  strength  if  the 
present  interruption  continues  much  longer.  It  is  more  than  probable,  too,  that  if 
its  business  is  to  be  liable  in  fhture  to  further  demoralization  trom  the  same  cause, 
the  managers  of  the  telegraph  interests  will  themselves  seek  a  way  out  of  their 
troubles  bv  transferring  their  lines  to  Government  ownership  and  control.  They 
would  doubtless  be  glad  to  do  so  now  if  Government  or  any  other  customer  would 
take  their  property  at  the  fictitious  value  they  put  upon  it.  This,  however,  ought 
never  to  be  permitted,  so  far,  at  least,  as  Government  is  concerned ;  and  it  is  not  likely 
that  private  customers  could  be  found  who  would  be  willine  to  pay  so  much  for  so 
little.  Counting  watered  stock  and  all  the  capital  of  the  Western  Union  Company 
now  stands  at  about  $80,000,000.  Of  this  sum,  however,  not  more  than  $10,000,000, 
if  so  much,  was  actui^ljr  paid  up  in  cash.  The  balance  represents  water,  or  issues  of 
shares  for  which  no  equivalent  m  money  or  anything  of  value  was  ever  rendered,  and 
it  is  certain  that  a  plant  capable  of  peiformini;  as  good  service  as  the  country  now 
ex^oys  at  the  hands  of  the  monopoly  can  be  furnish^  for  the  sum  last  named,  when, 
therefore,  the  time  for  negotiation  between  the  Government  and  the  company  comes, 
if  it  ever  does  come,  that  amount  ou^ht  to  be  adhered  to  as  the  maximum  basis  of 
purchase.  If  more  than  that  sum  is  insisted  upon,  the  Government  should  ffo  ahead 
and  build  its  own  lines,  leaving  the  present  indated  concern  to  take  care  of  itselfl 


[From  the  Pfttereoii  Press.] 
AN  INDBPBin>KNT  OOYXRNMKlTr  LINK. 

The  idea  of  a  "Government  monopoly,"  however,  is  a  hateful  one  to  most  people^ 
and  few  are  found  so  bold  as  to  advocate  the  purchase  by  the  Government  of  all  ex- 
isting wire  lines  and  the  establishment  of  a  monopoly  under  the  control  of  the  pub- 
lic ;  for  of  all  absolute  masters  in  matters  of  transportation  or  communication  tnere 
is  no  despot  that  the  people  would  fear  as  much  as  itself.  But  the  proposition  that 
finds  favor  with  such  influential  Journals  as  the  New  York  Herald  and  the  Chicago) 
Tribune  does  not  look  to  a  €k>vemment  telegraph  monopoly  at  idl.  It  does  not  look 
to  following  the  example^of  the  British  Government^  wnich  bought  out  the  private 
telegraph  companies  and  paid  much  more  for  their  wires  and  other  property  than  they 
were  worth.  Any  suggestion  that  our  Government  should  buy  that  blolated  monstros- 
ity, the  Western  Union,  with  its  dropsical  weight  of  water,  would  be  met  with  a 
storm  of  indignation  from  everybody  except  the  monopolists  themselves.  The  plan 
favored  by  the  New  York  Herald  and  the  uhioago  Tribune,  and  by  Senators  Edmonds, 
Sherman,  and  Piatt  looks  to  the  building  of  an  independent  Gk>vemmeat  Unei  to  be 
operated  as  an  adjunct  to  the  mail  service.    The  Hemd  says : 

''There  is  nothing  impracticable  about  that;  nor  would  such  a  Government  line 
drive  out  or  take  profitable  business  away  A^m  private  lines.  The  Government  line 
would  enable  a  person  to  telesraph  a  letter  instead  of  sending  it  by  railroad." 

The  Chicago  Tribune  rema»s  that  a  Government  telej[raph  will  not  extinguish  or 
discourage  private  companies  any  more  than  the  Post-Office  Department  undertaking 
to  carry  merchandise  parcels  has  extinguished  or  ii^ured  the  express  companies. 


[From  the  New  York  Erening  Post] 
"THE  POOR  man's  >CAIL.'' 

While  it  might  not  be  possible  to  obtain  so  cheap  telegraph  service  as  the  people  of 
Great  Britain  e^joy,  even  if  our  Government  should  taxe  control  of  the  wires,  it  is 
certain  that  the  time  predicted  by  Senator  Piatt  when  the  telegraph  shall  be  not  only 
the  rich  man's  mail,  but  the  poor  man's  mail  as  well,  would  be  brouicht  closer  to  ns 
by  governmental  control. 


92  STATEMENT  OF   GARDINEH   O.   HUBBABD. 

f  From  the  Boston  Globe.  | 
COMPBTITION  AS  AOAIK8T  MONOPOLY. 

There  are  many  arguments  in  &yor  of  supplementing  the  mail  service  with  a  sys* 
tern  of  postal-telegraph  lines,  while  there  are  few  valid  objections  to  a  system  prop- 
erly established.  It  is  not  necessary  for  the  Government  to  purchase  or  assume  con- 
trol of  existing  lines.  To  anv  snch  plan  as  that  there  are  oDjections  enough,  and  it 
should  not  be  thonght  of.  Haviujg^  no  dividends  to  pay  on  watered  stock,  the  Gov- 
ernment can  compete  with  the  private  companies,  and  so  compel  them  to  come  down 
to  a  legitimate  business  basis.  Competition  will  insure  good  service  and  prompt  at- 
tention to  the  public  needs,  and  there  will  be  no  monopoly. 


[From  th«  Biohmond  SU^e.] 
A  BOLD  SCHISMS  OUTUNED. 


It  mav  be  that  Jay  Gould  has  forced  this  strike  on  his  operators  with  the  intention 
of  creating  a  demand  among  the  business  people  of  the  country  for  a  government 
telegraph,  when  he  will  try  to  lobby  the  Western  Union  lines  and  property  through 
Conpp:ess  for  an  enormous  price^  say  from  |80,000,000  to  $100,000,000 ;  but  in  this  we 
are  inclined  to  think  he  will  fail,  for  the  people  will  watch  Congress  with  keen  eyes. 


[From  the  Beading  Times.] 
'IN  THE  SWEET  BY  AND  BY." 

This  can  best  be  done  by  the  passage  of  an  act  of  Congress  establishing  entirely  new 
Government  telegraph  lines  over  every  mail  route  in  the  country,  and  that  is  every- 
where. The  building  of  these  lines  will  afford  employment  to  thousands  of  people, 
and  the  purchase  of  poles,  wires,  and  other  fixtures  will  be  advantageous  to  laige 
numbers  of  farmers  and  mechanics.  Our  surplus  revenues  can  in  no  way  be  better 
expended.  After  the  lines  are  completed,  a  five-cent  stamp  o^ght  to  take  a  message 
of.  say,  twenty  or  thirty  words  to  any  part  of  the  country.  The  stamped  message  or 
teleffraph  card  can  be  dropped  into  any  post-office  in  town  or  country,  or  little  boxes 
in  the  larffe  cities,  and  the  dispatch  will  be  sent  by  the  postal  operators  and  answer 
returned  m  the  same  way  without  further  tronble.  In  this  way  all  the  business  of 
the  country  can  be  transacted  without  recourse  to  the  slow  process  of  letter  writing 
and  letter-mail  service.  What  is  more,  the  postal  telegraph  will  pay  from  the  start 
even  at  the  low  rates  we  have  suggested,  and  yield  after  paying  all  working  expenses 
a  fair  interest  on  the  investment.  The  Government  can  establish  a  plant  letter  than 
the  Western  Union's  at  one-sixth  or  one-seventh  of  the  Western  Union's  bloated  capi- 
tal of  $80,000,000.  There  will  be  not  a  dollar  of  watered  stock  in  the  Government 
enterprise,  and  the  people  will  not  have  to  pay  a  high  dividend  on  a  fictitious  capital 
as  they  are  now  doing.  But  by  all  means  let  the  present  lines  be  continued  in  private 
hands.  They  will  be  a  great  accommodation  as  competing  lines,  and  will  brmg  the 
telegraph  rates,  whether  by  postal  or  private  lines,  down  to  the  lowest  figure. 


{From  the  Mobile  Register.] 
SENSIBLE  VIEW  OF  THE  SITUATION. 


So  louff  as  the  wires  remain  in  the  hands  of  a  monopoly  so  long  will  the  business  of 
the  country  be  subjected  to  the  interruptions  and  losses  which  we  now  experience. 
Leaving  out  of  view  entirely  the  question  of  the  Justice  or  ii^ustioe  of  the  demands 
of  the  Brotherhood,  we  look  at  the  matter  entirely  from  the  selfish  stand- point  of  the 
business  community.  The  people  are  compelled  to  pay  rates  yielding  an  enormous 
percentage  upon  stock  increased  to  a  fictitious  value. 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  93 

[From  the  Ne'r  York  Stor.] 
A  NATURAL  AI>JUNCT  TO  THE  MAIL  SERVICE. 

It  is  easy  to  account  for  the  hostility  of  the  Tribane.  World,  and  Sun  to  the  postal- 
telegraph  enterprise ;  their  interests  lie  in  the  direction  of  maintaining^  the  present 
monopoly,  to  wnioh  they  are  indebted  for  exceptional  favors.  Besides,  Gould  and 
Yanderbilt  have  a  rigid  grip  on  some  of  them.  The  Herald,  however,  is  stronja^ 
enough  and  rich  enough  to  attach  but  comparatively  slight  importance  to  its  Associ- 
ated Press  privileges ;  hence  it  is  found  with  the  Chicago  Tribune,  the  Cincinnati 
Enquirer,  tne  Star,  and  other  independent,  outspoken  journals,  waging  the  people's 
fight  against  an  overg^wn  monopoly.  Only  those  papers  that  owe  nothing  to  mo- 
nopoly can  afford  to  speak  the  truth  and  advocate  even-handed  Justice  in  a  crisis  such 
as  must  now  be  met. 

If  a  postal  telegraph  is  an  enterprise  menacing  to  popular  liberty,  then  we  should 
reconstruct  the  Post-Offloe  and  place  it  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Jay  Gould  and  his  associ- 
ate capitalists. 

We  are  surprised  at  the  attitude  of  the  World,  which  has  ostensibly  abjured  Jay 
Gould  only  to  retain  the  form  of  a  promonopoly  advocate.  Borrowing  the  specious 
fallacies  of  the  Sun,  it  contends  that  if  the  Government  establishes  a  postal  telegraph 
it  should  also  go  into  the  business  of  buying  up  and  operating  railroads,  taking 
charge  of  all  the  schools  in  the  country,  Slo.  To  some  persons  this  may  seem  plausi- 
ble, but  it  will  not  bear  scrutiny  when  we  recollect  that  the  postal  telesraph  is  pro- 
posed simply  and  entirely  as  the  natural  and  fitting  adjunct  of  the  mail  service.  A 
S reject  to  secure  cheap,  speedy,  and  popular  telegraphy  of  this  sort  is  no  more  un- 
emocratic  than  a  general  peonv  post-— to  which  complexion,  in  these  days  of  en- 
larged mail  facilities,  the  post-office  system  must  sooner,  or  later  come. 

One  other  fear  oppresses  the  opponents  of  a  postal  telegraph.  They  apprehend 
that  political  messages  would  no  longer  be  safe,  but  would  be  tanipered  with  by  the 
minions  of  the  party  in  power.  It  is  not  a  weighty  argument,  in  the  first  place, 
cipher  codes  are  accessible  to  everybody.  In  the  next  place,  no  service  could  hardly 
be  more  untrustworthy  than  was  that  of  the  Western  Union  Company  in  1876,  when 
the  Republicans  controlled  its  dispatches  and  the  corporation  permitted  the  secrets 
of  its  patrons  to  be  violated  and  bandied  about.  Now  that  we  have  begun  to  in- 
augurate civil-service  reform,  a  much  more  reliable  service  could  be  assured.  A  poet- 
master  or  a  letter-carrier  may  be  appointed  as  a  reward  for  partisan  services,  but  no 
such  method  could  apply  to  expert  telegraphers.  Their  positions  could  not  be  filled 
firom  among  ward  workers  or  partv  hacks. 

Desirable  as  it  obviouslv  is,  still  it  will  be  no  easy  matter  to  obtain  the  establish- 
ment of  a  postal  telegraph.  Any  bill  for  that  purpose  will  be  strenuouslv  antago- 
nized in  Congress  by  the  agente  of  the  existing  monopoly.  Money  will  not  be  spared 
to  defeat  such  a  measure  and  postpone  the  inevitable.  Consequently  the  people 
should  now  begin  to  bring  pressure  to  bear  on  their  Representatives,  and  enlist  them 
for  the  overthrow  of  i^pnopoly. 


[From  the  Boston  Traveller.] 
IT  WOULD  BK  A  PROTECTION  TO  THE  PUBLIC. 

The  proposition  that  finds  most  favor,  as  we  gather  public  sentiment,  is  that  the 
Government  shall  construct  a  telegraph  system  of  its  own,  connecting  all  the  chief 
centers  of  busioess  activity,  and  capable  of  amply  protecting  the  public  from  a  sud- 
den cessation  of  telegraph  service^  and  run  it  as  a  branch  of  its  present  postal  busi- 
ness. This  would  leave  the  existing  companies  still  in  the  field,  out  not  its  absolute 
masters.  The  postal  telegraph  would  be  always  thero  to  protect  the  public  from  ex- 
tortionate rates,  and  at  the  same  time  to  deprive  the  employ^  and  the  companies 
alike  of  the  temptation  to  carry  their  contentions  to  unreasonable  lengths. 


[From  the  New  Hsven  News.] 
IT  WOULD  ESTABLISH  A  STANDARD  OF  COMPETITION. 

The  Gk>vemment,  we  believe,  should  be  fully  eouipped  for  the  transmission  of  in- 
telligence by  telegraph  or  by  mail,  but  from  ueitiior  occupation  should  it  exclude 
private  enterprise.    It  should  establish  a  standard  of  competition — a  reasonable  serr- 


1 


94  STATEMENT   OF    GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD. 

ice  at  a  low  price,  bnt  not  so  low  as  not  to  yield  a  moderate  percentage  of  profit.  It 
woold  thus  render  it  impoesible  for  a  stock  watering  company  to  subsist  by  robbiDjg 
the  public.  Only  companies  doinar  business  at  fair  rates  and  declaring  honest  divi- 
dends could  enter  into  rivalry  with  it.  Not  having  to  purchase  any  right  of  way,  the 
cost  to  the  Government  of  a  newly  constructed  tefograph,  touching  every  poet-office 
in  the  countij,  would  not  exceed  |20,000,000,  and  some  expert  estunates  have  been 
made  which  fix  it  as  low  as  $10,000,000.  Why  should  the  people  continue  to  pay  a 
profit  of  6  to  8  per  cent,  on  $80,000,000  of  bogus  capital  ror  an  inefficient  service, 
when  for  3  or  4  per  cent,  on  $20,000,000  they  would  be  served  better  f  In  five  years 
the  whole  cost  of  the  Government  system  would  be  saved  to  f  he  people  in  tJ^e  differ- 
ence between  6  per  cent,  of  $80,000,000  and  4  per  cent,  of  $20,000,000. 


[Fzom  the  Botton  JoomsL  J 

The  charges  for  telegraphic  service  could  be  lar^ly  reduced  and  yet  make  the 
system  self-sustaining.  The  Western  Union  lines,  it  is  estimated,  could  be  duplicated 
for  $20,000,000  at  least,  but  the  company  receives  a  revenue  which  enables  it  to  pay 
6  per  cent,  dividends  on  over  $80,000,000  of  stock.  This  being  the  case,  it  is  fEkir  to 
assume  that  the  usual  rates  could  be  reduced  one-half  and  yet  be  sufficient  to  pay  tbo 
interest  on  the  cost  of  a  new  system  and  pay  the  operating  expenses.  In  this  country 
the  general  sentiment  is  not  favorable  to  the  interference  of  the  Government  in 
strictly  business  matters ;  consequently,  if  the  telegraphic  business  could  be  manag[ed 
wisely  and  efficiently  by  private  ent'erprise  and  make  the  cost  of  telegraphic  service 
Just  and  reasonable,  the  general  sentiment  would  favor  a  private  rather  than  a  Gov* 
emment  telegraph.  If  there  comes  to  be  a  general  demand  for  a  postal  t«legraph^  it 
will  be  dne  to  the  conviction  of  the  people  that  under  existing  conditions  in  tnis 
country  it  is  impossible  to  secure  fair  service  otherwise. 


[From  the  Borne  Bentfaiel.] 
THB  P08T-0FFICB  WILL  NOT  MONOPOUZB  THE  BUSINESS. 

All  who  have  given  the  subject  any  attention  know  that  telegraphing  pays  im- 
mensely on  the  actual  capital  invested.  The  telegraphers,  one  would  thmk,  should 
be  the  best  paid  workmen  in  any  calling  of  e^nal  importance.  That  they  a>e  noL 
and  perceive  no  tendency  to  betterment  of  their  condition  otherwise  than  by  united 
protest,  they  strike.  Whereupon  the  Republican  leaders  array  themselves  by  the 
side  of  one  of  the  most  cheeky  and  foxy  corporations  in  existenoe  and  take  part  against 
the  workman,  who  will  do  well  to  note  the  fact  and  govern  himself  accordingly.  *  *  * 

What  is  the  carrying  of  packages  weighing  four  pounds  or  less  but  direct  competi- 
tion with  the  express  companies?  It  so  nappens  that  both  of  these  facilities  or  the 
Department  are  a  great  public  convenience,  and  as  they  can  be  done  without  loss,  as 
the  revenues  of  the  Department  clearly  prove,  thcY  will  remain,  and  at  lower  rates, 
too,  from  October  next.  It  would  be  impracticable  for  the  Post-Office  to  undertake 
to  handle  all  telegraphic  business.  It  is  neither  asked  nor  desired  that  it  do  so.  But 
as  it  monopolizes  the  means  of  postal  communication,  it  might  very  well  add  thereto 
the  latest  improvements  in  the  rapid  interchange  of  messages  such  as  are  furnished 
by  the  telegraph  system. 


[From  the  Washlnfton  Post.] 
ITS  GREAT  ADVANTAQES  WILL  BE  WELCOMED. 

Why  say  to  a  citizen  "  We  will  haul  your  message  to  San  Franoisco  by  steam,  and 
we  will  not  let  anybbdy  else  haul  it ;  but  if  you  can't  wait  fi>r  our  slow  coach  go  ta 
Mr.  Gould  and  he  will  wire  it  there  in  a  few  minutes"  f 

These  are  the  strong  argnments  on  both  sides,  and  they  will  be  repeated  in  a  thou- 
sand shapes  in  the  houses  of  Congress  next  winter..  To  us  it  seems  evident  that  there 
is  a  strong  tendency  toward  the  consummation  aimed  at  by  the  advocates  of  postal 
telegraphy.  When  it  comes  its  great  advantages  will  be  welcomed  by  all,  bnt  there 
will  be  a  deep-seated  and  well-grounded  apprenension  of  bad  results  from  a  vast  in* 
crease  of  the  number  of  office-holders. 


STATEMENT   OF   GABDINER   G.   HUBBARD.  95 

[From  the  Chicago  Henld.] 
A  WONDER  THAT  IT  HAS  KOT  BEEN  DONE  BEFORE. 

Considering  the  yalae  of  each  an  adjunct  to  the  Poet-Offioe  in  the  mere  matter  of 
regulating  telegraph  tariffs  we  wonder  that  it  has  not  heen  erected  before  this.  Bat 
don't  let  as  think  of  a  Government  monopoly  of  telegraph  seryioe,  for  that  meana 
baying  ^nt  the  extremely  thin  stock- water  of  the  present  companies  and  transforming 
Mr.  Jay  Gonld's  Western  Union  stock  into  Government  bonds.  Not  Just  yet.  Let 
ns  have  a  new  deal  and  see  how  it  will  work. 


[From  the  Sait  Lake  Tzfbiiiie.1 
LET  THE  PEOPLE  SUBSCRIBE  FOR  THE  STOCK. 

The  remedy  is  the  postal  telegraph,  and,  if  neoessarv  to  carry  it  out  without  taxlne 
directly  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  let  postal  savings  banks  be  added,  and 
tiie  people  be  permitted  to  make  from  95  to  $100  subscriptions  to  the  stock.  If  the 
Dcmooratio  Conffress  will  this  winter  undertake  and  carry  this  through  to  success, 
there  is  enough  m  it  to  elect  a  President  next  year  on  the  success  which  will  follow  the 
measure. 


[Fkom  the  Wheeling  Register.] 
XT  WOULD  BENEFIT  EVERT  ONE. 


It  is  certain  that  the  time  predicted  by  Senator  Piatt,  when  the  telegraph  shall  be 
not  only  tiie  rich  man's  mail,  but  the  poor  man's  mail  as  well,  woiud  oe  brought 
closer  to  us  by  governmental  controL 


(From  the  Chicego  Breniiig  Jounuil.] 

IT  WOULD  PREVENT  FURTHER  MONOPOLY. 

0 

The  first  step  in  the  new  movement  is  to  determine  that  the  telegraph  busineee  shall 
cease  to  be  a  monopoly  in  this  country,  and  then  the  details  can  easily  be  arranged 
afterward.  There  is  no  obligation  on  the  ]^art  of  Congress  to  buy  out  any  of  the  ex* 
isting  telegraph  companies.  When  a  bill  is  passed  providing  for  a  postal  telegraphic 
system,  it  will  then  be  time  enough  for  the  Postmaster-Gtoneral,  or  the  officers  in 
cuMngo  to  entertain  the  proposals  of  those  who  might  then  have  a  certain  amount  of 
depreciated  telegraph  stock  to  dispose  of,  together  with  a  liberal  amount  of  "  water." 
*'Water  "  has  become  mighty  cheap  in  this  country,  and  the  feeling  agiunst  selfish 
monopolies  is  rapidly  increasing  in  the  minds  of  the  people.  Let  it  be  oirected  against 
the  most  perfect  sjtecimen  of  a  monopoly  that  has  overgrown  up  in  this  country  until 
the  people  are  exempt  from  its  exactions,  and  then  there  will  be  hope  of  relief  in 
other  directions  firom  similar  evils. 


[Fkem  the  New  Haven  Pellsditunl 
ITS  STOCK  WILL  NOT  BE  WATERED. 

The  talk  about  the  Government  monopolyof  the  telegraph  is  the  supremest  non- 
sense. Nobody  adu  for  such  a  monopoly,  what  is  wanted  is  the  kina  of  Qovem- 
ment  telegraph  outlined  by  Senator  Edmunds  in  his  speech  at  the  last  session  of  Con- 
gress— a  telegraph  supplemental  to  the  postal  system,  with  irires  established  at  first 
along  the  leiMing  postal  routes,  and  gradually  extended  until  all  the  post-offices  in 
the  country  are  connected,  one  with  anoth^.    For  the  convenience  thus  afforded  the 


96  STATEMENT  OF  GARDINEB  G.  HUBBABD. 

pablio  will  pay  what  it  coste,  and  the  Gk>venimeDt,  which  does  oot  water  its  stock, 
will  charee  do  more  than  cost.  Such  a  system  woald  not  necessarily  result  in  a  mo- 
uopolv.  It  would  not  drive  the  private  telegraph  companies  out  of  existence  any 
more  than  the  extension  of  the  postal  service  a  few  years  ago  put  an  end  to  the  express 
business,  as  many  at  the  time  predicted  it  would.  Holders  of  the  Western  Union's 
sixty  millions  of  watered  stock  might  mourn  over  the  shrinkage  of  their  dividends, 
but  there  would  be  no  call  for  sympathv  with  them.  The  people  would  be  benefited, 
and  the  telegraph  would  no lonser  be  "the  rich  man's  mau,"  but  be  at  the  service  of 
the  humblest  citizen  in  the  lima. 


[From  the  Troy  Budget] 
IT  WOULD  NOT  LAROELT  INCREASE  THE  P0BLIC  8ERV1CK. 

As  to  the  fears  expressed  with  reference  to  a  probable  large  increase  in  office-hold- 
ers and  office-seekers,  there  do  not  appear  sufficient  or  reasonable  grounds  on  which  to 
base  them.  In  thousands  of  small  post-offices  the  clerk  would  simply  need  to  be  s 
telegraph  operator.  As  to  the  revolution  which  it  is  apprehended  might  follow  in 
the  changes  ordered  by  an  incoming  administration,  there  could  not  possibly  be  more 
than  is  constantly  going  on.  A  change  of  postmasters  might  produce  a  change  in 
clerks,  and  still  not  a  like  change  in  telegraph  operators.  For  many  years  to  come 
skilled  operators  could  not  be  replaced  as  readily  as  ordinary  post-office  clerks  are 
now.  Again,  if  the  civil-service  rules  are  not  wholly  inoperative,  they  would  tend 
to  prevent  anv  such  wholesale  changes  as  are  dreaded. 

As  to  the  other  branches  of  the  argument  urged  against  a  monopoly  by  .the  Qovem- 
ment,  this  is  to  be  said :  When  the  Oovemment  adaed  to  the  postal  department  the 
business  of  sending  parcels,  it  did  not  crush  out  or  buy  up  the  express  companies. 
The  latter  were  simply  forced  out  of  a  monopoly  and  into  a  competition  which  re- 
duced the  rates  to  a  more  reasonable  standard.  When  the  money-order  system  was 
devised  it  was  not  considered  necessary  for  the  Government  to  buy  up  all  the  banks. 
The  Western  Union  company  is  a  huge  telegraph  monopoly.  It  has  absorbed  nearly 
every  competing  telegraph  company,  and  boasts  of  its  success.  Its  actual  stock  of 
130,000,000  has  been  <<  watered  "  to  $80,000,000.  It  is  calculated  that  $25,000,000  would 
establish  a  postal  telegraph.  A  message  which  now  costs  25  cents  could  then  be  sent 
for  10  cents  or  less. 


f  From  the  Springfield  BepabUosn.] 
ITS  ESTABLISHMENT  IS  A  CLEAR  DUTY. 

The  first  dutv  and  the  clear  duty  of  the  continental  Government  of  the  United  States 
iB  to  regulate  the  telegraph  business. 


[From  the  IndianApolis  Times.] 
THE  OOVEBNBfENT  IS  AT  THE  MERCY  OF  THE  PRESENT  MONOPOLY. 

The  business  of  the  country  has  outgrown  even  the  fast  mail  lines,  and  the  demand 
is  for  still  more  rapid  transmission  of  the  mails,  and  for  this  rapid  transmission  the 
<M)untry  is  dependent  upon  a  private  oorpNoratdon,  and  the  cost  is  so  great  that  a  laige 
proportion  of  the  people  are  cut  off  from  its  use.  Again,  the  people  depend  upon  the 
press  for  its  news,  ana  the  press  is  absolutely  at  the  mercy  of  the  telegraph  oompanv. 
The  company  has  its  power  to  ruin  any  newspaper  in  this  land  at  any  time  by  simply 
changing  the  rates  lor  dispatches.  Papers  have  been  so  ruined.  A  paper  cannot 
live  without  obtaining  and  publishing  uie  news.  It  cannot  obtain  the  news  except 
by  the  aid  of  the  telegraph.  The  company  oan^  when  it  sees  fit,  fix  a  tariff  so  high 
that  the  paper  cannot  pay  it,  and  thus  shut  it  off  from  obtaining  the  only  thing 
which  makes  it  valuable  property.^  The  Oovemment  itself  is  at  the  mercy  of  the 
4;elegraph  company. 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  97 

[From  the  Huiford  Times.  1 
THB  INSOLENCE  OF  THE  WE8TEBN  UNION. 

One  of  the  insolent  and  dictatorial  orders  of  the  Western  Union  is  that  a  private 
house  (a  broker,  for  instance)  who  receives  stock  reports  and  pays  for  them  shall  not 
sell  them  to  any  newspaper,  nor  permit  any  newspaper  to  copy  them  from  the  broker's 
bnlletln,  thongh  the  newspaper  shall  agree  to  purchase  the  regular  reports  of  the 
Western  Union,  or  the  Press  Association,  and  nay  for  them  at  regular  prices.  The 
object  of  the  newspaper  in  purchasing  of  the  broker  would  be  to  accommodate  the 
public  with  news  of  tne  latest  sale  of  stocks  perhaps  ten  minutes  earlier  than  it  could 
do  so  by  purchasing  the  regular  press  reports.  No  one  would  be  harmed  should  the 
reports  be  taken  m>m  the  broker's  bulletin  ;  but  the  Western  Union  says :  '*  No ;  if 
you  (the  broker)  permit  the  copy  to  be  taken  we  will  cut  you  off  from  the  wire." 
This  is  one  instance  of  its  insolence.  There  are  other  grievances,  of  which  the  press 
all  over  the  country  complains ;  and  we  look  upon  it  as  an  enoouraging  indication  of 
better  times  when  the  press  speaks  out  upon  this  subject  with  so  mncn  freedom  and 
frankness  as  has  marked  its  course  the  past  two  weeks.  Let  us  have  peace  and  fair 
play.    The  New  York  Herald  says : 

"  Everybody  who  has  considered  the  question  knows  that  the  tele^aph  is  not  yet 
used  to  one-tenth  the  extent  that  it  ought  to  be,  and  would  be  were  it  not  that  rates 
have  been  kept  unduly  high  by  the  Western  Union  stook-waterers  in  order  to  secure 
dividends  on  their  enormously  inflated  stock,  and  were  it  not,  besides,  for  the  poor 
and  irregular  service,  which  discourages  the  use  of  the  telegraph  except  when  it  is  ab- 
solutely required." 


\     [From  the  Easton  (Pa.)  Free  Press.] 
A  CHECK  TO  DISHONEST  GREED. 

A  postal  telegraph  system,  whereby  the  best  telegraphic  facilities  will  be  given  the 
people  at  the  very  lowest  cost  is  what  is  wanted.  Let  the  Government  pay  for  anew 
plant,  and  let  the  established  companies,  which  have  swindled  the  public,  take  care 
of  themselves.  There  is  no  reason,  except  the  dishonest  greed  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company,  why  the  people  should  not  have  ample  means  of  using  the  tele- 
graph at  one-third  of  what  telegraphing  now  costs.  This  proposition  for  a  Govern- 
ment postal  telegraph  service  is  being  advocated  very  generally  by  the  press  not  sub- 
ject to  the  dictation  of  big  monopolists.  The  obiections  against  it  that  it  will  too 
largely  augment  the  power  of  the  Government,  and  enable  a  successful  partisan  or- 
ganization to  wield  too  great  an  influence  through  official  patronage,  cannot  be 
urged  with  reason.  No  party  will  stay  in  power  that  ignores  civil  service  reform, 
which  has  begun  to  develop  under  a  regularly  constituted  commission,  and  which 
will  hereafter  prevent  the  use  of  federal  patronage  for  partisan  ends.  The  Forty- 
eighth  Congress  will  probably  receive  a  loud  call  from  the  jieople  to  establish  a  postal 
telegraph  system,  to  be  conducted  as  successfully  and  satisfactorily  as  the  present 
postal  system. 


[From  the  New  York  Star.] 
The  revenue  of  the  Western  Union  in  1882  was  $17,140,000. 


pProm  the  Nashville  American.] 
A  BILL  TO  COME  BEFORE  THE  NEXT  CONGRESS. 

As  to  the  apprehensions  touching  the  civil  service,  the  Baltimore  American  thinks 
that  the  time  required  to  become  a  skilled  operator  involves  an  apprenticeship,  and 
this  enforces  a  permanence  of  tenure  of  office  which  mere  political  clerkships  do  not 
naturally  enjoy.  It  is  claimed  that  the  Government  could  build  its  own  lines  for  less 
than  one-fourth  of  the  inflated  value  of  the  Western  Union,  and  it  is  announced  that 
a  bill  to  carry  out  this  plan  will  be  iutrodnce<l  in  Congress  at  th^  coming  session.  It 
is  asserted  by  telesraphic  experts  that  the  Government  could  establish  a  postal  tele- 
graph svstem  for  $15,000)000,  and  without  necessity  of  buying  right  of  way,  as  it  can 
establish  a  line  along  every  post-route. 

S.  Rep.  677,  pt.  2 7 


!1 

I 

i 


93  STATEMENT  OF  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 

[From  the  Kewbnryport  Hendd.] 
0ONORB8S  EXPECTED  TO  SOLVE  THE  DOVICULTT. 

Most  likely  CongresB  will  look  upon  it  and  boIto  the  difficnlt j  by  having  its  own 
lines  in  competition  and  ready  at  all  times  to  do  the  whole  telegraphic  bnainesi  of 
the  ooontry  with  competent  operators  and  at  reasonable  rates. 


[From  the  Memphis  AppeeL] 
FUBTHEB  XXTORTION  MADE  IMPOSSIBLE. 

The  dispatches  would  be  delivered  in  the  ordinary  course  of  the  letter-cairien^ 
roands,  and  would  have  for  one  of  the  results  an  extension  of  the  postal  delivery  sys- 
tem. For  this  the  people  would  pay  only  what  the  cost  was  to  the  (Government; 
there  would  be  no  watered  stock  to  provide  dividends  for,  and  no  extortionate,  greedy 
monopoly  to  support  and  submit  to.  Under  this  system  a  great  and  increasing  maai 
of  business  ana  press  correspondence,  which  requires  a  quicker  than  post  deuveiy, 
would  go  to  private  lines  as  at  present.  Upon  those  lines  the  postal  telegraph,  with 
its  moderate  charges,  would  be  a  check,  and  further  extortion  would  be^me  impos- 
sible. 


pTrom  the  CoTingtoo  Commonwealth.] 
IT  WOULD  PUT  A  CHECK  TO  ABBOOANCE. 

As  a  general  rule  we  are  opposed  to  either  the  goneral  or  local  government  taking 
part  in  outside  matters,  but  here  is  a  bloated  monopoly  that  has  arrogantly  arrayed 
itself  against  the  public,  and  which  has  attained  such  vast  proportions  as  either  to 
buy  out  or  swamp  all  opposition,  for  the  only  attempts  that  have  been  made  with  any 
vigor  have  been  ended  with  the  inevitable  **  amalgamation."  Most  of  the  Canadian 
press  is  anxious  to  cut  loose  from  the  Western  Union,  which  is  described  as  a  *'  grind- 
ing monopoly,  which,  for  its  own  greed,  cares  not  how  much  it  may  convulse  the  biui- 
ness  of  the  whole  country,  derange  traffic,  interrupt  conmiunication,  or  put  aUclaases 
to  ineonvenience." 


[From  the  Rome  Sentinel.] 
THE  PBE8BNT  LINES  WOULD  STILL  EXIST. 

The  Government  telegraph,  according  to  the  idea  which  obtains  among  the  m%joTity 
of  those  who  have  considered  the  subject,  should  be  an  adjunct  of  the  postal  system. 
With  wires  running  into  every  office  a  message  or  letter  from  Chicago  t-o  Rome 
would  be  received  within  a  few  hours,  and  put  into  the  box  of  the  person  to  whom 
it  was  addressed.  In  the  case  of  cities  havihg  carriers  the  telegrams  would  be  deliv- 
ered the  same  as  ordinary  letters.  The  charges  could  not  help  being  very  moderate 
compared  with  the  present  cost  of  messages.  The  Gk>vemment  has  no  watered  stock, 
and  no  business  with  any.  The  present  lines  would  exist  and  be  welcome  to  all  the 
business  they  could  obtain.  The  Government  would  thus  have  no  monopoly.  Its 
rates  wotild  regulate  those  of  private  lines,  the  competition  would  be  the  nealtliieBt 
known,  for  it  would  be  competition  incapable  of  being  bought  off  by  any  pretext,  de- 
vice, manner,  or  means  whatever. 


[From  the  BoAdo  Expreea.  ] 
NO  PAYMENT  TO  JAY  GOULD  FOR  WATE&. 

Undoubtedly  there  would  be  a  strong  popular  feeling  against  buying  the  property 
of  the  existing  telegraph  companies  at  anything  like  the  value  which  their  wires, 
XK>les,  dc^c,  are  supposed  to  represent  in  capital  stock.    The  people  would  not  be 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD.  99 

willing  to  have  the  GoTemment  pay  Jay  Goald,  or  anv  other  monopolist  any  very 
large  sum  for  water.  There  is  a  strong  opinion  that  the  telegraph  autocrats  have 
taken  ont  of  the  public  already,  one  way  or  another,  much  more  than  they  ever  put 
into  the  business,  and  if  the  business  should  be  ruined  for  them,  and  their  vast  blocks 
of  shares  prove  worthless  on  their  hands,  the  public  woold  not  care  much. 


[From  the  PotUville  Mlnen*  JonnisLJ 
ALMOST  SURE  TO  BB  ADOPTED. 

It  is  reasonably  certain  that  a  bill  for  the  carrying  out  of  this  proleot  will  be  in- 
troduced in  the  next  Congress.  If  the  sentiment  of  tne  country  shall  be  found  un- 
mistakably favoring  it,  there  will  be  an  almost  absolute  certainty  of  its  passage. 


[From  the  Public,  New  York.] 
BUSINESS  HEN  AND  THE  PEOPLE  AT  LARGE  DEMAND  IT. 

Finally,  we  have  the  postal  telegraph  plan,  which  Senators  Edmunds  and  Sherman 
have  already  advocated  very  ably.  Mr.  Edmunds  has  announced  that  he  will  intro- 
duce a  bill  to  that  end  as  soon  as  Congress  assembles.  The  Herald  has  devoted  much 
space  to  the  advocacy  of  the  plan,  and  many  influential  journals  are  already  com- 
mitted to  it.  The  essence  of  this  plan  is  that  Government  shall  establish  lines  at 
first  between  the  principal  post-offices,  and  afterward  to  other  points  as  fast  as  may 
be  consistent  with  a  reasonable  economy,  until  it  shall  eventoally  be  enabled  to  send 
any  letter  to  its  destination  by  wire  if  the  sender  chooses  to  pay  a  moderate  additional 
charge.  At  a  great  number  olf  places  the  same  persons  could  act  as  postmasters  and 
telegraphers ;  extra  expense  for  offices  would  not  be  required ;  the  right  to  establish 
poet-routes  would  be  invoked  to  secure  rights  of  way  at  a  very  low  cost,  and  thus, 
without  interfering  with  existing  lines  for  telegraph  or  railroad  purposes,  the  public 
would  obtain  a  separate  telegrapnic  system  in  no  way  connected  with  the  jobs  of  the 
stock  market,  and  forever  preventing  a  monopoly  in  telegraph  service. 

Constitutional  objections  to  this  plan  are  hardly  to  be  considered,  since  lawyers  so 
sound  and  conservative  as  Senators  Edmunds  and  Sherman  have  committed  them-^ 
selves  to  it.  Senator  Piatt,  of  Connecticut,  also  a  lawyer  of  high  rank,  advocated  the"^ 
same  measure  very  ably,  but  with  the  notion  that,  in  order  to  establish  a  postal  sys- 
tem, the  Government  would  purchase  the  lines  of  the  existing  companies.  That  plan 
would  meet,  and  ought  to  meet,  a  determined  opposition.  The  great  merit  of  Mr. 
Edmunds'  proposition  is  that  it  secures  the  country  against  a  monopoly.  We  want 
no  monopoly  in  this  business,  whether  in  the  bands  of  the  Government  or  of  a  corpora- 
tion. There  is  safety  only  in  preserving  permanently  two  competing  systems,  either 
of  which  must  depend  for  itsrevemies  and  its  very  existence  upon  rendering  service 
with  promptness  and  fidelity. 

The  Government  itself  absolutely  needs  a  telegraphic  system  for  its  own  protection. 
This  will  not  seem  the  language  of  exaggeration  when  it  is  considered  that  the  or- 
dinary enforcement  of  laws,  the  capture  of  offenders,  the  success  of  fiscal  operations, 
the  protection  of  the  country  against  domestic  insurrection  or  foreign  invasion  have 
come  to  depend  in  these  days  upon  the  instant  transmission  of  intelligence  with  cer- 
tain and  absolute  secrecy.  It  may  at  any  time  come  to  pass  that  the  private  interests 
of  those  controlling  a  telegraph  system  shall  require  the  non-enforcement  of  the  law, 
the  escape  of  a  criminal,  the  prevention  or  delay  of  a  financial  operation,  or  the  par- 
tial success  of  a  domestic  outbreak  or  foreign  inroad.  It  is  nonsense  to  say  that  this 
cannot  happen.  If  Mr.  Gould  could  suppress  for  a  few  hours  or  days  news  of  an  out- 
break on  the  Pacific  coast,  or  of  the  departure  of  a  hostile  iron-clad  from  Europe,  he 
could  make  millions  by  it.  The  Government  has  no  certainty  that  he  would  throw 
away  millions.  It  has  no  certainty  that  its  orders  bearing  on  great  financial  cniera- 
tions  may  not  be  betrayed  and  its  aims  thwarted.  When  the  Government  was  nunt- 
ing  for  star  route  offenders,  how  many  would  have  been  caught  if  its  dispatches  had 
been  secretly  betrayed  T  An  important  witness  happened  to  be  a  Government  director 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  it  has  always  been  a  mvsterious  fact  that  the  of- 
ficers in  search  of  him  could  never  catch  him.  The  administration  has  been  blamed 
for  that ;  who  knows  that  the  administration  was  at  all  in  fault  T  On  the  other  hand, 
a  monopoly  in  the  hands  of  the  Government  would  be  equally  dangerous  to  the  peo- 
ple.   There  is  no  need  of  arguing  this  point — Americans  instinctively  realize  its  force. 


100  STATEMENT   OF    GARDINEB   O.   HUBBARD. 

AmerioADS  do  not  moan  to  give  power  to  any  one  partv  in  gnch  shape  that  the^  shall 
never  have  an  eqnal  chance  to  take  it  hack  if  they  choose.  Therefore  they  will  not 
tolerate  a  Government  monopoly  of  teleffraphic  service. 

More  hroadly,  the  people  in  their  poutical  capacity  ahsolntely  need  two  complete 
systems.  This  country  needs  two  parties,  in  order  to  make  the  Government  pnre  and 
healthy.  But  it  will  soon  he  seen  that  there  cannot  be  two  parties  with  a  chance 
of  saccess  for  either,  if  there  are  not  two  competing  telegraphic  systems^  neither  of 
which  can  ever  bny,  absorb,  or  cmsh  ont  the  other.  The  Government  will  have  no 
temptation  to  earn  large  dividends  on  watered  stock,  and  the  competition  will  at  all 
events  keep  down  the  charges  for  telegraphic  service  to  a  reasonable  figore. 

The  main  reason  for  a  change  is  not  economy,  nor  relief  from  the  possibility  of 
strikes ;  it  is  the  public  safety.  A  double  system  of  telegraph  lines,  that  can  never 
be  consolidated,  secretly  bought  up,  conducted  for  stock-joDbing  ends,  or  crushed  oot 
in  competition,  has  become  a  national,  public,  and  political  necessity.  We  do  uot 
agree  with  Mr.  Edmunds  that  the  postal  system  should  be  constructed  little  by  little. 
Government  can  sell  3  per  cent,  bonds  at  par,  and  the  revenues  from  the  wires  will 
pay  the  interest  as  fast  as  the  system  can  be  extended.  If  there  is  need,  there  is  Deed 
now.  If  it  is  the  right  of  the  people  in  their  capacity  as  a  nation  and  as  individuals 
to  have  their  choice  of  two  servants,  with  respect  to  secrecy,  certainty,  and  speed, 
the  sooner  they  have  that  choice  the  better. 


[From  the  Chiosgo  Tribune.] 
THE  PURCHASE  OF  BXISTIKa  LINKS  WILL  NOT  BB  TOLBRATKD. 

The  discussion  of  the  project  for  a  national  telegraph  system  is  broadening  every  day, 
and  public  sentiment  promises  to  be  well  oiganized  by  the  time  Congress  meets,  if^ 
then,  a  man  like  Edmunds  or  Logan  in  the  Senate,  and  Randall,  Canisle,  or  Holman 
in  the  House,  shall  take  hold  of  the  matter,  it  may  be  pushed  forward  to  a  reidixation 
before  the  end  of  the  next  session. 

There  are  some  general  principles  unon  which  all  the  advocates  of  Government 
telegraph  are  ready  to  agree.  One  is  tnat  the  Government  shall  construct  its  own 
lines.  Another  is  that  tnere  shall  be  no  attempt  at  a  Government  monopoly  of  the 
telegraph  business.  A  third  is  that  telegraph  facilities  shall  be  added  to  tne  existing 
postal  system,  just  as  express  facilities  were  added  two  or  three  years  ago. 

1.  No  business  principle  will  indorse^  and  the  sentiment  of  the  country  will  not  tol- 
erate, the  purchase  of  telegraph  lines  now  in  operation  at  a  price  corresponding  t-o 
the  aggregate  of  fictitious  capital  stock.  The  capital  stock  of  the  Western  Union  • 
Company  is  $80,000,000.  It  has  grown  abnormally  under  the  influence  of  irrigation. 
Its  assets  are  made  up  in  large  part  of  leases,  payments  made  to  extinguish  competi- 
tion  and  intangible  manipulations. 

2.  There  is  not  the  slightest  moral  obligation  upon  the  Government  to  buy  out  the 
existing  companies  upon  any  terms.  This  is  apparent  enough  from  the  fact  that  the 
Government  nas  never  inteifered,  and  nobody  would  ever  think  of  suggesting  an  in- 
terference, with  the  construction  of  competiuf^  telegraph  lines  with  private  capitaL 
Such  competition  would  be  too  clearly  in  the  interest  of  the  people  to  admit  of  Gov- 
ernment discouragement,  if  experience  had  not  demonstrated  that  in  private  hands 
it  is  merely  a  species  of  black-mail.  If  the  Government  shall  build  an  independent 
system  of  telegraph,  there  will  be  a  guarantee  against  black-mail,  and  protection  for 
tne  public  against  combination. 

3.  It  is  better  in  every  way  that  the  Government  should  compete  in  the  transmis- 
sion of  telegraphic  correspondence  than  endeavor  to  monopolize  it.  If  the  men  in 
control  of  the  Government  shonld  ever  take  advantage  of  its  telegraphic  facilities  to 
pay  excessive  salaries  to  its  employes,  and  to  that  end  charge  the  public  exorbitant 
rates,  or  if  confidential  communications  on  business,  social,  or  political  affairs  were 
betrayed  by  the  Grovemmeut  service,  the  }>eople  would  have  the  competing  private 
lines  to  fall  back  upon,  and  would  prefer  to  pay  the  companies  higher  rates  to  make 
sure  of  inviolability.  In  this  way,  competition  would  be  a  wholesome  and  permanent 
restraint  upon  the  Government  and  the  men  in  control,  as  well  as  upon  the  private 
companies. 

4.  While  the  Government's  right  to  set  up  a  competing  telegraph  service  cannot  be 
denied,  and  while  the  Government  could  not  justify  the  purchase  of  existing  lines  at 
the  fictitious  price  represented  by  their  capital  stock,  it  must  be  admitted  that  it  woold 
be  conspicuously  unfair  for  the  Grovernment  to  establish  its  own  system  and  then  nse 
its  power  to  declare  a  monopoly  of  the  telegraph  busmess.  There  is  no  need,  and 
there  would  be  no  excuse,  for  such  a  course.  All  the  people  want  is  assured  competi- 
tion, which  shall  furnish  the  telegraph  service  at  the  lowest  rate,  and  a  guarantee 


STATETMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD.  101 

that  electric  correspondence  shall  not  be  cat  off  at  any  time  by  combinations  of  cai>- 
ital  or  by  combinations  of  labor. 

The  coarse  for  the  Govemment  to  take  in  this  matter  has  been  completely  ontlined 
by  the  addition  of  the  parcel  or  express  business  to  the  postal  system.  The  machinery 
and  the  work  of  the  postal  service  were  increased  enormously  by  taking  in  this  new 
branch  of  service,  but  the  result  has  proved  that  competition  in  the  express  business 
could  be  furnished  to  the  public  through  Government  agency  without  involving  the 
Post-Office  Department  in  loss,  and  without  driving  the  express  companies  out  of 
business.  Precisely  the  same  thing  may  be  done  with  the  telegraph.  There  is  a 
popular  demand  for  it  which  Congress  should  recognize  at  the  very  next  session.  Ko 
party  opposition  can  be  organized  against  it  in  reason.  In  1882  the  expenses  of  the 
postal  service  were  something  more  than  $40,000,000,  and  it  was  administered  at  a 
little  profit,  which  led  to  the  redaction  of  letter  postage  to  two  cents.  It  will  be  a 
small  matter  to  add  $5,000,000  a  year  of  expense  to  the, present  machinery — and  this 
is  about  the  total  amount  of  salaries  and  wages  paid  by  the  Western  Union  Companv 
— and  the  receipts  of  the  telegraph  branch  of  the  Department,  at  low  rates,  will  still 
make  the  Department  self-sustaining.  The  undertaking  is  not  nearly  so  formidable 
when  looked  at  closely  as  it  appears  to  be  at  first  sight.  Private  capitalists  are  not 
dismayed  at  a  proposition  to  span  the  continent  witn  telegraph  wires;  certainly  the 
Government,  which  can  borrow  money  at  3  per  cent.,  need  not  hesitate  to  assume  an 
investment  of  $20,000,000  for  the  benefit  of  the  people,  which  is  bound  to  be  self- 
sustaining. 


[From  the  New  York  Star.] 
C0N8ERVATIVK  AND  WORTHT  OF  CONSmBRATION. 

It  is  a  significant  coincidence  that  both  the  World  and  the  Son  had  editorials  yes- 
terday morning  condemning  a  postal  telegraph,  and  that  both  of  them  presented  the 
same  stale  objections  to  that  measure,  whicn  have  been  answered  time  and  acrain. 
The  style  of  the  two  editorials  is  unlike,  but  the  spirit  is  the  same,  as  though  both 
were  inspired  by  one  person.  And  as  they  both  represent  the  interests  of  the  West- 
ern Union  monopoly,  contending  that  it  is  safer  and  wiser  and  better  to  put  the  whole 
telegraph  business  into  its  hands,  than  to  trust  it  to  the  American  people,  to  be  man- 
aged as  they  manage  the  postal  business,  it  needs  no  search  with  a  lantern  to  dis- 
cover the  person  who  probably  inspired  them.  But  the  difference  between  the  two 
editorials  IS  striking,  as  though  the  editor  of  -each  paper  undertook  to  venture  some- 
thing beyond  his  instructions,  on  his  own  authority. 

The  objections  pressed  by  these  organs  of  monopoly  have  no  real  force.  For  in- 
stance, the  World  says  it  will  be  dangerous  to  put  the  telegraph  into  the  control  of 
the  Government,  because  this  would  ''establish  a  partisan  telegraph  monopoly,"  for 
*'  in  the  .United  States,  ever^  Federal  officer  is  required  to  be  a  political  adherent  of 
the  party  which  gives  him  his  position,  and  to  aid  it  with  his  vote  and  his  assessment 
at  every  election/'  Our  esteemed  contemporary  has  evidently  forgotten  that  the  last 
Congress  passed  a  bill,  which  the  President  signed,  forbidding  the  assessment  of  any 
Federal  office-holder  or  employ^  for  partisan  purposes  under  heavy  penalties;  that  Cou- 
gress  passed  a  civil  service  bill,  whicn  the  President  also  signed,  under  which  every  Fed- 
eral officer  is  not  "reouired  to  be  a  political  adherent  of  the  party  which  gives  him 
his  position."  It  would  be  well  for  tne  World  to  learn  the  facts  of  the  situation  be- 
fore it  rushes  into  the  whirlpool  of  controversy.  Besides,  if  the  Government  control 
of  the  telegraph  service  would  be  dangerous,  because  it  would  be  partisan,  the  Gov- 
ernment regulation  of  the  telegraph  service,  which  would  be  equally  partisan,  would 
be  dangerous  i^so.  The  World  proposes  that  the  same  partisan  Government  which 
cannot  DC  trusted  to  control  the  telegraph  service — ^that  is  trusted  to  control  the  pos- 
t»l  service,  and  does  the  work  wonderfully  well — shall  pass  laws  forbidding  the  con- 
solidation of  parallel  telegraph  lines,  and  ''prohibiting  the  illegal  issue  of  stock, 
and  making  the  watering  process  impossible."  It  insists  that  competition  is  the  sole 
remedy  for  all  the  abuses  of  the  present  system.  Had  the  editor  of  that  interest- 
ing paper  lived  long  in  the  Unitea  States,  he  would  know  that  competition  has  had 
its  way  and  day  in  the  telegraph  business,  and  has  utterly  broken  down.  The  pres- 
ent state  of  things  has  grown  directly  out  of  the  very  competition  he  clamors  for  as  a 
remedy  to  the  present  state  of  things.  The  result  of  the  efforts  made  thus  far  to  pre- 
vent the  consolidation  of  railroad  lines  and  the  watering  of  stock  should  convince 
(^very  reasonable  man  of  the  futility  of  trying  to  prevent  the  practical  consolidation 
of  parallel  telegraph  lines.  The  tendency  to  monopoly  in  railroad  and  telegraph  cor- 
porations is  ingrained  and  virtually  irresistible.  Besides,  if  the  Federal  Government 
is  HO  demoralized  bv  its  partisanship  that  it  cannot  be  trusted  to  control  the  tele- 
graph service  as  it  does  the  postal  service,  how  can  it  be  trusted  to  settle  all  the  in- 
tricate questions  respecting  the  rights  and  interests  of  rival  telegraph  corporationa 
operating  in  thirty-eiglit  States  and  half  a  dozen  Territories? 


1 


102  STATEMENT    OF    GARDINER    G.    UUBBARD. 

.'  We  respectfully  sabmit  tbat  the  World  shoald  lose  do  time  in  conflultiDg  Mr. 

)  Goald,  the  foantain-head  of  information  on  all  questions  which  inTolve  the  interests 

of  the  telegraph  monopoly. 

The  Sun  starts  out  with  the  assertion  that  a  considerable  number  of  the  advocatea 
of  the  postal  telegraph  ''seem  lately  to  have  become  convinced  that  Gk>vemmeDt  reg- 
ulation, instead  of  Government  ownership  and  direct  control,  will  suffice  to  protect 
the  interests  of  the  people.'^  It  is  unfortunat-e  that  our  contemporary  did  not  take 
the  trouble  to  mention  at  least  one  of  the  advocates  of  a  postal  telegraph  service  who 
lk9s  abandoned  that  idea  as  impracticable.  We  know  of  no  such  man.  Almost  every 
mail  brings  some  paper  advocating  a  postal  telegraph  which  had  never  taken  tliat 
ffTound  before.  Tne  drift  of  public  sentiment,  as  shown  by  the  press  of  the  country, 
18  decidedly  in  favor  of  a  postal  telegraph,  and  the  volume  of  that  sentiment  is  in- 
creasing. The  Sun  has  drawn  upon  its  wishes  for  its  facts,  and  bases  an  argnment 
on  an  assumption  that  cannot  be  supported. 

The  striking  point  in  the  Sun's  article,  however,  is  that  it  takes  no  stock  whatever 
in  the  World's  project  for  Government  regulation  of  the  telegraph  basiness.  It  con- 
cedes that  the  measure  **  is  more  conservative  and  worthy  of  consideration ''  thso 
that  of  a  postal  telegraph,  but  still  there  are  so  many  difficulties  in  the  way  that  it  is 
virtually  impracticaole,  and  .can  hardly  be  discussed  until  the  advocates  of  the  meas- 
ure agree  as  to  what  they  want  the  Government  to  do.  We  commend  the  discreet 
and  energetic  scepticism  of  the  editor  of  the  Sun  to  the  somewhat  impulsive  and  al- 
together too  effluent  editor  of  the  World. 

The  Sun  informs  its  readers  that  it  has  alreadv  shown  that  the  proposed  postal  tel- 
egraph "is  one  of  the  most  objectionable  and  dangerous  political  prolects  of  recent 
times."  This  will  be  startling  news  to  its  readers  and  the  lest  of  mankind.  As  that 
paper  has  merely  repeated  in  oracular  and  autocratic  terms  the  forceless,  faUacioos, 
and  stale  objections  raised  by  monopolists  against  the  measure,  it  is  hard  to  tell 
which  is  the  more  remarkable — ^the  coolness  of  its  assumption,  or  the  absurdity  of  its 
claim. 


[From  the  New  Yotk  Son.] 
*  UNWORTHY  OF  CONGRESSIONAL  FAVOR. 


Neither  the  plan  to  buy  out  the  existing  telegraph  companies  nor  the  proposal  that 
the  Government  shall  build  new  lines  and  enter  into  competition  with  the  Western 
Union  and  other  companies,  deserves  the  least  favor  from  Congress. 


[From  the  Indianapolis  Timea.] 
IT  WILL  PRKYKNT  PARALYSIS  OF  BUSINESS. 

The  business  of  the  country  has  outgrown  even  the  fast  mail  lines,  and  the  demand 
is  for  still  more  rapid  transmission  of  the  mails,  and  for  this  rapid  transmission  the 
country  is  dependent  upon  a  private  corporation,  and  the  cost  is  so  great  that  a  lam 
proportion  of  the  people  are  cut  off  from  its  use.  Again,  the  people  depend  upon  the 
press  for  their  news,  and  the  press  is  absolutely  at  the  mercy  of  the  telegraph  com- 

Eany.    The  company  has  the  power  to  ruin  any  newspaper  in  this  land,  at  any  time, 
y  simply  changing  the  rates  for  dispatches.    Fapers  have  been  so  ruined.     A  pap«T 
cannot  live  without  obtaining  and  publishing  the  news.    It  cannot  obtain  the  news 
except  by  the  aid  of  the  telegraph.    The  oompanj[  can,  when  it  sees  fit,  fix  a  tariff  so 
I  high  that  the  paper  cannot  pay  it,  and  thus  shut  it  off  from  obtaining  the  only  thing 

which  makes  it  valuable  property.    The  Government  itself  is  at  the  mercy  of  the 
telegraph  company. 

The  Signal  Service  of  the  Government  has  become  a  necessity  in  the  preservation 
of  property  and  shipping  upon  the  rivers,  lakes,  and  seas,  and  for  the  preservatiou 
of  human  Ufe,  and  its  importance  to  the  interests  of  commerce  is  incalculable ;  yet  in 
1870  these  interests  were  all  jeopardized  and  the  Signal  Service  brought  to  a  suspen- 
sion by  the  refusal  of  the  telegraph  company  to  accept  the  terms  offered  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. The  business  of  the  commercial  world  has  been  thrown  into  oonfnsion 
during  the  past  three  weeks  by  the  strike  of  the  operators.  But  there  is  stUl  another 
and  greater  danger.  The  telegraphic  lines  of  this  country  are  practically  in  the 
hands  of  one  man,  and  that  man  a  gigantic  speculator.  He  has  in  his  power  the  only 
means  of  instantaneous  transmission  of  news,  not  only  throughout  this  country,  bnt 
across  the  ocean.  Having  this  power,  he  can  at  any  time,  tor  his  own  speculative 
purposes,  suppress  the  transmission  of  news  until  the  business  of  the  whole  country 
could  be  paralyzed. 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   O.    HUBBARD.  103 

[From  the  Davenport  Gazette.] 
ITS  RESULTS  WILL  BE  BENEFICIAL. 

If,  therefore,  snch  results  attend  the  extension  of  postal  operations  and  the  increase 
of  their  service  to  the  people  in  all  directions,  what  is  to  hinder  attainment  of  simi- 
larly beneficent  results  were  telegraphy  also  included  in  the  functions  of  the  Post- 
Offlce  Department  f 

[From  the  Denver  Newii.  J 
THE  ONLY  HOPE  OF  THE  PEOPLE  FROM  EXACTION  AMD  DELAT. 

In  this  scheme  lies  the  only  hope  of  relief  which  the  people  have  from  such  occur- 
rences as  strikes  and  such  exactions  as  excessive  charges. 

The  Government  has  as  much  right  to  forwarded  communications  between  the  peo- 
ple by  wire  as  by  mail.  It  is  only  a  different  form  of  the  same  service.  It  would  be 
a  saving  of  millions  every  year  to  the  business  interests  of  the  country  if  the  Govern- 
ment had  a  telegraphic  service  which  would  forward  and  deliver  messages  at  cost,  as 
letters  and  periodicals  are  now  forwarded  and  delivered. 

It  is  quite  certain  that  at  the  next  session  of  Congress  a  determined  effort  will  be 
made  to  secure  the  establishment  of  a  postal  telegraph,  and  the  probability  is  that  it 
will  prove  successful. 


IFrom  the  Trenton  Times.] 
THE  PROJECT  IS  FAVORABLY  RBCSIYED. 

The  proposal  to  establish  a  postal  telegraph  system  under  the  supervision  and  con- 
trol of  the  Government  is  being  widely  discussed  and  favorably  received.  The  New 
York  Herald  deserves  the  credit  of  starting  the  movement.  That  newspaper,  with  its 
accustomed  zeal,  is  feeling  the  public  pulse  on  the  subject  and  influencing  the  publio 
mind. 

The  second  plan  is  a  largely  commendable  one.  The  present  telegraph  service  is 
not  satisfactory.  Monopofy  too  largely  controls  it.  This  has  been  made  painfully 
evident  during  the  past  few  weeks.  The  striking  operators  and  the  stubborn  com- 
panies have  blocked  publio  trade  and  inconvenienced  the  people  in  a  thousand  wavs. 
if  the  Government  had  lines  of  its  own  the  strike  Would  have  been  short  lived,  if  it 
had  occurred  at  all.  The  Western  Union  would  not  have  dared  permit  a  strike  with 
the  Government  in  the  field  against  it. 

The  postal  tele^aph  scheme  is  well  worth  consideration.  The  Herald  deserves 
credit  for  its  activity  in  the  matter. 


[From  the  ITewbaryport  Herald.] 

» 
IT  WILL  BE  CONTROLLED  BY  THE  PEOPLE. 

The  Western  Union  has  pursued  a  policy  which  has  made  free  competition  impossi- 
ble in  the  business,  and  the  question  is  whether  there  shall  be  a  central  power  of 
which  Jay  Gould  is  the  head,  or  one  where  the  people  can  make  a  change  at  will. 
Centralization  is  not  to  be  stopped  by  any  political  party,  but  it  is  a  question  as  to 
whether  it  is  to  be  of  telegraphic  and  railroad  and  standfikrd  oil  monopolists,  or  of  the 
Government,  controlled  by  the  people. 


[From  the  Florida  T  mea-Unioin.] 
A  SELF- SUSTAINING  GUARANTEE  AND  8AFEGUAKD. 

The  establishment  by  the  Goveniment  of  a  system  of  telegraph  lines  vonld  be  a 
guarantee  against  such  interruption  as  the  business  public  has  suffeied  of  late,  and  a 
safeguard  against  a  worse  one  which  may  come  when  the  present  manipulators  of  thd* 


104         •  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   flUBBARD. 

telegraph  keys  bave  been  iBveigled  into  tbe  Telegrapben'  Brotberhood  and  indaoed 
to  go  "out."  It  conld  be  ran  at  ratee  merely  self-eastaining,  and  thns,  wbile  forcing 
Ihe  private  oompaniee  to  adopt  reasonable  rates,  it  wonld  not  be  a  burden  on  tbe 
Tieaaury.  At  terminal  iMid  important  points  the  present  system  of  letter  deliver/ 
oould  be  utilized,  thus  guaranteeing  prompt  delivery  of  dispatehes.  It  would  in 
zei^ty,  as  one  of  our  contemporaries  has  expressed  it,  be  a  system  of  electric  letters 
addea  to  our  present  system  of  letters  by  pen  and  pencil.  Its  adoption  is  sure  to 
oome. 


[From  the  Gslveeton  Kewt.] 

THE  KNTIBB  BUSINESS  WILL  BE  IMPROVED. 

f 

Private  competition  could  hardly  fail  to  promote  accuracy  and  quickness  of  trant- 
mission  and  delivery  and  a  high  degree  of  general  efficiency  in  the  Government  branch 
of  telegraph  service.  Thus  the  two  systems  would  act  and  react  with  checks  and 
stimulants  for  the  iinprovement  of  each.  There  is  a  strictly  analogous  case  to  mp- 
pnort  the  conclusion  that  private  telegraphy  and  Government  telegraphy  may  exist 
side  by  side  and  each  succeed  after  its  fashion.  The  express  companies  were  not  driven 
out  of  business  when  the  Post-Offlce  Department  undertook  a  few  yettrs  ago  to  trans- 
mit merchandise  parcels  at  cheap  rates.  The  private  express  business  was  really  im- 
proved and  largely  expanded,  wnile  its  charges  were  moderated. 


[From  the  New  York  Brening  Poet] 
THE  ONLY  REMEDY  FOR  EXI8TINO  GRIEVANCES. 

This  last  afEair  has  undoubtedly  had  the  effect  of  greatly  stimulating  the  demand 
for  Government  competition.  That  this  will  come  before  long  we  have  not  the  slight- 
est doubt.  A  larger  and  larger  number  of  people  are  beginning  to  see  that  Govern- 
ment competition  is  the  only  one  which  will  ever  prove  effective  against  the  West^^m 
Union,  and  the  only  remedy  for  whatever  inconveniences  arise  from  having  the  tele- 
graphy of  the  country  in  the  hands  of  one  corporation.  The  Western  Union  has 
round  so  little  difficulty  for  many  years  in  destroying  competition  by  bnyins  out  com- 
petitors that  the  creation  of  rival  companies  for  the  express  purpose  of  being  sold 
out  to  it,  after  a  period  of  fictitious  activity  and  furious  denunciation  of  monopolies, 
has  long  been  a  favorite  device  of  tricky  financiers.  In  fact,  the  corporation  is  lar^ly 
made  up  of  these  purchased  champions  of  popular  rights.  What  we  need  now  is  s 
Government  telegraph,  in  connection  with  the  post-office,  to  compete  with  the  com- 
mercial corporations. 


[From  the  Brooklyn  Union.] 
OOYERNMENT  INTERVENTION  A  NE0ES8ITY.. 

The  representatives  of  neither  will  be  able  to  dodge  the  issue  which  the  telegraph- 
ers' strike  has  forced  on  the  attention  of  the  people — the  necessity  for  Government 
intervention  in  a  sphere  which  public  convenience  and  public  protection  alike  make 
it  desirable  that  it  should  occupy.  Competition  has  been  tried  and  foond  wanting. 
iState  legislation  is  impotent  to  prevent  the  use  of  public  franchises  for  private  ends, 
and  municipal  ordinances,  while  available  for  ''striking''  purposes,  are  entirely  use- 
less as  a  protection  to  the  public. 


[From  the  Saonunento  Beoord  Union.] 
IT  WILL  COUNTERACT  EXISTING  DANGERS. 


That  a  system  of  postal  telegraph  lines  is  one  of  the  early  probabilities  is  the  belief 
of  very  many  earnest  friends  of  postal  telegraphy  in  the  United  States.  With  the 
news  avenues— commercial  and  financial  and  journalistio— in  its  control,  and  the  pri- 
vate correspondence  of  the  people  open  to  its  inspection,  the  private  telegraph  com- 


STATEMENT   OP    GARDINER   O.    HUBBARD.  105 

pany  hoids  the  oommeroe  of  the  country  at  its  will  and  the  people  at  its  mercv.  While 
it  may  be  said  the  trast  in  the  past  has  not  been  violated,  there  is  no  posftiTe  evi- 
dence of  that  being  tnie;  bat  we  do  know  that  the  possibility  exists  of  a  private  cor- 
poration of  news  transmission  using  its  power  to  punish  enemies,  reward  friends,  and 
gain  information  of  exceeding  financial  valae  to  it. 


[From  the  Otlvetton  Kewii.l 

The  New  York  World  is  unfortunate  in  arguments  to  combat  the  proposition  of  a 
Government  tel^rraph  service  as  a  safeguard  equally  against  mischim  of  strikes  and 
monopolies.  It  nrst  protested  against  the  proposition  on  the  gratuitous  assumption 
that  it  meant  simply  the  transfer  of  the  whole  telegraph  bosinees  from  chartered 
monopoly  to  Government  monopoly.  The  leading  advocates  of  the  proposition  hav- 
ing signified  their  desire  to  leave  the  telegraph  neld  open  to  private  enterprise  and 
private  competition,  the  World  is  still  unsatisfied  and  insists  that  a  Gk>vemment  tele- 

fraph  service  as  an  extension  of  the  present  postal  system  could  offer  no  possible 
enefits  to  offset  in  any  degree  its  great  and  certain  evils.  •  «  •  The  World  pro- 
fesses to  be  a  Democratic  paper  of  a  thoroughgoing  sort,  bat  on  this  postal  telegraph 
Suestion  it  has  more  Republican  than  Democratic  papers  to  keep  it  company.  The 
ew  Orleans  States  is  among  a  large  and  imposing  number  of  Democratic  papers  which 
are  widely  at  variance  with  it.  The  States  holds  the  exact  reverse  of  the  World's 
opinion. 

The  World,  however,  has  a  remedy  of  its  own  to  propose.  **  The  true  remed^v  for 
abuses  of  monopoly  in  the  telegraph  as  in  every  other  business  is  in  competition," 
say8  the  World.    And  thus  it  develops  its  plan  for  applying  the  remedy : 

*'  In  order  to  encourage  competition  we  need  laws  prohibiting  the  consolidation  of 
parallel  lines  of  telegraph  or  the  increase  of  capital  stock  except  under  stringent  re- 
strictions. In  Missouri  a  provision  in  the  State  constitution  distinctly  prohibits  not 
only  the  consolidation,  but  even  the  pooling  of  parallel  railroads,  and  does  not  allow 
parallel  lines  to  be  managed  by  the  same  directors.  Other  States  by  law  prohibit  the 
coD»olidation  of  parallel  railroads  or  telegraph  lines." 
The  World  must  be  very  poorly  informed  or  it  would  know  that  the  constitutional 

Srovisions  or  statutory  laws  in  Missouri,  Texas,  and  other  States  against  the  consoU- 
ation  of  parallel  and  competing  railroads  have  been  practically  ineffectnal.  Cor- 
porations and  syndicates  have  found  a  way  to  overcome  or  circumvent  all  legal  diffi- 
culties, and  to  consolidate  and  pool  to  any  extent  desired  by  interested  and  contract- 
ing parties. 


[From  the  KaasM  City  Times.] 
THE  TBLBGRAPH  MONOPOLY. 

Two  ways  to  avoid  the  evils  of  telegraph  monopoly  have  been  suggested.  The  first 
is  the  ownership  of  the  telegraph  lines  by  the  Government.  The  proposition  to  that 
effect  has  more  than  a  newspaper  advocacy.  It  was  gravely  maintained  in  an  official 
report  of  the  Post-Uffice  Department,  and  has  in  its  favor  distinguished  official  au- 
thority. 

The  late  consolidation  of  telegraph  lines  and  practical  monopoly  of  the  telegraph 
business  by  one  company  has  given  new  vitality  to  the  quosiion,  and  another  plan 
has  been  proposed — to  wit,  national  legislation  prohibiting  the  consolidation  of  paral- 
lel and  competing  telegraph  lines.  The  statute  of  Missouri,  applying  the  principle  to 
railroads,  has  been  quoted  in  favor  of  the  plan,  and  its  zealous  advocacy  urged,  as  if 
the  Missouri  idea  had  worked  like  a  charm. 

Our  complimentary  contemporaries  of  the  East  are  unfortunate  in  their  illustra- 
tions, however.  Missouri  has  the  statute,  but  it  is  of  no  practical  utility.  It  has 
been  set  at  naught  by  the  railway  companies  of  the  State.  Since  its  enactment  whole- 
sale consolidations  of  parallel  and  competing  lines  of  railroad  have  been  effected  with 
impunity.  In  one  instance  a  line  competing  with  the  Missouri  Pacific,  built  with 
township  subscriptions  for  the  express  purpose  of  com}>etition,  was  bought  by  Jay 
Gould,  consolidated  and  then  destroyed.  In  another  instance  two  great  lines  travers- 
ing the  State  from  east  to  west  were  seized  by  the  same  hand  and  placed  under  the 
same  management.  The  practice  has  become  so  common  in  Missouri  as  scarcely  to 
create  public  concern  or  to  elicit  newspaper  disapprobation.  Why  this  rungular 
apathy  r  inquire  the  advocates  of  statutory  inhibition.  The  answer  to  the  question 
introduces  us  to  the  infirmities  of  the  plan  proposed. 


106  STATEMENT   OP   GA2DINEB   G.    HUBBARD. 

The  law  it)  not  executed.  The  officers  charged  with  its  execntion^lace  themselTes 
under  obligation  to  the  railroad  companies  oy  accepting  their  favors  and  have  no 
heart  for  the  work.  They  are  often  weak  men,  and  shrink  from  confronting  in  the 
courts  the  able  attorneys  of  the  railroad  companies.  They  are  generally  pobticiaos, 
and  fear  to  antagonize  the  unified  power  concentrated  in  the  management  of  great 
corporations. 

The  press  also  is  too  often  placated  with  the  *^  courtesies  ^  extended,  or  discouraged 
by  the  futility  of  its  protests,  and  the  entire  body  politic  is  paralyzed  in  the  preeenoe 
of  the  power  that  represents  $300,000,000  in  the  State  and  multiplied  millions  in  other 
States.  Would  the  seneral  movement  be  subject  to  the  influences  that  nullify  the 
laws  of  the  States  f  Would  the  Congress  enact  and  the  national  antborities  execute 
the  prohibitory  law  more  faithfully  than  the  States?  Will  the  national  officials  that 
}  accept  the  favors,  covet  the  comforts,  and  fear  the  power  of  the  corporations,  be  any 

more  eager  to  exact  the  penalties  of  the  laws  t.han  the  officials  of  the  States  t   We 
most  respeotftdly  solicit  the  opinion  of  the  Eastern  press  on  the  questions  propounded. 


[From  the  San  Fnuioiieo  Poet] 
A  GUARANTEE  OF  8ECRSCT. 

There  are  patenjks  within  reach  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  which 
the  Western  union  does  not  control  that  would  reduce  the  cost  of  telegraphy  to  s 
point  which  would  in  great  measure  supersede  the  expensive  postal  system  for  all 
purposes,  and  entirely  so  for  commercial  uses.  For  example,  it  is  possible  to  transmit 
a/ac-mmi/e  message  almost  any  distance  for  a  few  cents  and  mate  a  profit,  a  trans- 
cript of  which  over  the  Western  Union  wires  would  cost  as  many  dollars.  Further- 
more, there  would  be  a  guarantee  of  secrecy  under  a  postal  telegraph  system,  which 
is  onlv  measurablv  true  at  present.  For  these  and  other  reasons  that  might  be  ad- 
duced, a  postal-telegraph  system  should  be  established,  and  if  the  telegraph  opera- 
tors' strike  does  nothing  more  than  compel  Congressional  action  in  this  direction  it 
will  not  have  been  in  vain. 


pnrom  the  Memphis  AppeaL] 
TBLSaRAFB  BBFORM. 

j  The  Question  of  a  telegraph  service  in  connection  with  the  poet-office  is  widely  dis- 

i  cussed  by  the  public  press,  and  the  outcome  of  the  discussion  appears  to  be  as  follows: 

The  Government  not  to  buy  the  present  private  lines,  but  must  construct  its  own. 
!  It  has  the  same  right  to  build  and  operate  as  corporations  have.    The  Government 

lines  should  not  be  a  monopoly ;  competition  would  check  abuses  on  the  part  of  the 
Government  and  of  the  corporations.    The  Western  Union  is  a  monopoly  injurious  to 
the  public  interest  and  to  commerce.    The  telegraph  lines  can  be  largely  extended 
!  with  advantage,  and  quick  postal  communication  is  wanted  to  take  the  place  of  slow 

I  mails.    The  telegraph  should  be  the  poor  man's  mail  as  well  as  the  rich  one's.    The 

I  postage  authorities  agree  that  there  would  be  no  important  difficulty  about  adding  a 

i  telegraph  service,  the  letter-carriers  delivering  the  telegrams.     The  cost  will  not  be 

)  great  and  the  service  will  pay  its  own  expenses,  while  rates  will  be  lower.     The  neces- 

sary service  will  be  appointed,  not  by  the  politicians,  but  under  the  civil-service  rules. 
[  The  opinion  is  general  that  at  its  next  session  Congress  must  take  some  step  towaid 

checking  telegraphic  monopoly  and  for  the  protection  and  furtherance  of  genenl 
!  quick  communication  among  the  people. 


[From  the  Booheater  Union  and  AdverttBor.] 
THE  HEAD  OF  THE  MONOPOLY. 


The  same  Jay  Gould  who  acknowledged  under  oath,  in  187B,  before  a  legislative 
investigation  committee,  that  he  contributed  money  to  control  legislation  in  favor  of 
the  Erie  Railroad  in  four  States,  the  aggregate  amount  used  for  that  purpose  being 
proven  to  exceed  $1,000,000,  is  still  nnwuipt  of  justice  and  free  to  ply  his  vocation  as 
the  head  and  front  of  the  Western  Union  monopoly. 


STATEMENT    OF    GARDINER    G.    HUBBARD.  107 

[From  the  Chicago  Herald.] 
HKAVT  BLOW  TO  THE  WESTERN  UNION. 

Mr.  Maokay'g  interest  in  the  postal  telegrapli  means  that  he  will  take  an  active  part 
in  conducting  the  affairs  of  the  company.  He  always  does  that.  He  will  prove  the 
wheel  horse  in  details ;  the  qniet^  conservative  night  and  day  worker  that  he  nsed  to 
be  when  he  was  sinking  shafts,  driving  drifts,  opening  levels,  and  turning  out  bul- 
lion at  the  rate  of  |3, 000, 000  a  month.  If  he  makes  up  his  mind  that  the  Western 
Union  lines  are  to  be  paralleled  they  will  be,  for  he  can  swing  $10,000,000  of  his  own 
to  accomplish  it.  We  look  upon  the  securing  of  Mr.  Mackay's  wealth  and  influonee 
in  this  enterprise  as  the  heaviest  blow  the  Western  Union  has  yet  had. 


[From  the  Austin  (Texaa)  Statennan.] 
*  WHOLESOME  COMPETITION  A  NECESSITY. 

The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  has  unconsciously  done  more  to  develop 
sentiment  in  behalf  of  a  Government  telegraph  system  than  all  other  agencies  com- 
bined. One  thing  is  settled  in  the  public  mind,  and  that  is  that  there  mi^  be  whole- 
some telegraphic  competition  of  some  sort. 


[From  the  Waahington  Sunday  Herald.] 
A  TEST  OF  PRACTICAL  STATESMANSHIP. 

There  is  no  need  to  spend  space  in  discussing  the  qneetion.  This  is  Just  one  of  those 
tests  of  wise  and  practical  statesmanship  that  constantlv  arise  and  demand  to  be  dealt 
with.  A  country  that  leaves  its  most  vital  means  of  interoommunication,  the  verv 
nerve  of  thought,  in  the  grasp  of  a  Jay  Gk>nld  deserves  to  have  a  strike  every  week 
that  will  paralyze  correspondence,  railway  traffic,  governmental  operations  and 
everything  else,  until  it  learns  sense  in  the  school  of  exnerience.  The  next  Congress 
will  find  no  more  popular  work  laid  ready  to  its  hands  than  the  blending  of  our  pres- 
ent grand  postal  system  and  its  proposed  electrical  extension  into  one  harmonioua 
wh(ue. 


[From  the  New  Haven  Kewe.] 
NO  PURCHASE  OF  BXISTING  LINKS. 

No  proposition  to  buy  the  existing  lines  of  the  Western  Union  will  be  tolerated  by 
the  people.  They  do  not  desire  to  substitute  a  new  monopoly  for  the  old  one.  They 
want  only  to  insure  a  permanent  competition  which  will  place  them  above  the  mercy 
of  a  robber  corporation,  but  at  the  same  time  will  not  restrict  them  to  the  exclusive 
use  of  the  Qovemment  accommodations.    The  telegraph  monopoly  is  doomed. 


[From  the  Boeton  Glohe.] 
THE  POSTAL  TELEGRAPH  MUST  COME. 

The  talk  aboat  a  postal  telegraph  continues  fast  and  furious.  And,  strange  to  say,  the 
sentiment  of  the  different  sections  of  the  country,  as  represented  by  the  press,  is  quite 
unanimous,  not  only  on  the  main  question  of  the  desirability  of  Grovemment  teleg- 
raphy, but  also  on  the  kindred  questions  of  methods  and  means.  There  are  a  few  ob- 
jectors here  and  there,  but  it  is  seldom  that  the  press  of  the  country  has  been  so  nearly 
united  upon  any  question  of  public  importance  as  it  is  upon  this. 

The  main  features  of  a  Grovemment  system,  as  they  are  almost  unanimously  advo- 
cated by  the  press  of  the  country,  are  that  the  GU>vernment  shall  not  buy  the  Western 
Union  lines,  but  shall  construct  lines  of  its  own  ;  that  ft  shall  not  have  a  monopoly  of 
the  business,  but  shall  simply  be  a  competitor,  and  by  its  low  rates  compel  the  lines 
of  private  companies  to  reduce  their  pnces,  and  that  the  system  shall  be  made  sup- 
plementary to  the  present  postal  facilities. 


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108  STATEMENT   OF   OARDINEB   O.   HUBBARD. 

[Trom  th6  IbidlaiupoUs  Ttmes.] 
AK  UNBOLT  AIJLIANCt. 

The  postal  teleffrapli  idea  is  fast  seizins  hold  npon  the  people.  Bnt  few  pajpexs  oppose 
it,  and  they  are  almost  exclusively  confined  to  those  who  are  connected  with  the  As- 
sociated Press,  the  twin  sister  of  the  Western  Union.  In  fact,  the  two  have  heenliy- 
ins  in  unholy  wedlock  for  years,  and  it  is  not  sorprising  to  hear  the  one  defend  the 
other.  The  people  would  be  better  served  by  having  an  independent  Government 
line.  The  operation  of  a  private  companv  would  make  the  Government  more  carefilL 
while  the  Government  being  in  the  field  would  prevent  extortionate  rates.  The  op- 
position between  the  Government  and  the  express  companies  in  the  transportation 
of  small  paokaffes  has  worked  for  the  good  of  the  people.  So  it  woold  be  in  the  mat- 
ter of  telegrapny. 


[From  the  Txoy  Telegram.] 
GOYKRNMENT  SHOULD  CONTROL  THE  TELEGRAPH. 

If  the  telegraph  is  a  valuable  adjunct  to  the  postal  system  let  it  be  a  part  of  it  and 
under  Government  control,  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  people. 


[Ftom  the  Albany  Bzpreaa.] 
DANGER  OF   THE  MONOPOLY. 

The  fact  is  that  the  public  are  now  at  the  mercy  of  a  monopoly,  and  that  there  is 
virtually  no  private  competition  in  telegraphy  because  the  Western  Union  has  been 
able  to  maintain  an  excessive  rate  of  charges  by  its  repeated  consolidations  with  com- 
peting Unes.  This  policy  has  made  Jay  wnld  the  absolute  controller  of  a  very  large 
proportion  of  the  correspondence  of  both  the  Government  and  of  the  people.  It  is 
easy  to  conceive  of  situations  in  which  the  interests  of  such  a  capitalist  and  speculator 
might  induce  him  to  take  advantage  of  exclusive  knowledge,  obtained  by  virtue  of 
his  ownership  of  the  telegraph,  in  regard  to  fiscal  operations  of  the  Government,  or 
other  wants  affecting  the  value  of  stocks.  In  short,  the  establishment  of  a  postal 
telegraph  by  the  Government  would  probably  act  as  a  safeguard  against'unreasonable 
charges  by  a  corporation  of  monopolists  in  the  same  way  that  the  canals  of  this  State 
operate  to  lessen  the  charges  of  the  railroads  for  transporting  freight. 


[From  the  Philadelphi*  Press.] 
ENCOURAGING  INDICATIONS. 

Mr.  Mackay  is  supposed  to  be  exceedingly  rich,  and  his  buying  into  the  postal  tele- 
*aph  concern  has  boomed  its  shares  and  depressed  those  of  its  mighty  rivaL  If  the 
evada  mines  had  ceased  to  pay  on  account  of  Mr.  Mackay's  investment  in  them  there 
would  be  some  ground  for  viewing  his  association  as  damaging  to  an  enterprise,  bat 
it  is  hardlv  fair  to  hold  him  responsible  for  the  exhaustion  of  the  pay  rock  in  the 
Oomstock  lode.  If  he  still  has  a  considerable  portion  of  the  magnincent  dividends 
his  mines  yielded  him  in  their  palmy  days,  and  is  willingnow  to  invest  what  is  neces- 
eary  of  them  to  build  up  a  strong  rival  to  the  Western  Union,  there  is  abundant  rea- 
son why  the  shares  of  toat  overgrown  monopoly  should  take  a  tumble. 


gra 

Nei 


[From  the  Proyidenoe  Preea.] 
ANYTHING  TO  BEAT  MONOPOLY. 


If  John  W.  Mackay  and  Senator  Fair,  of  Nevada,  should  decide  to  give  the  new- 
postal  telcCTaph  company  aU  the  financial  backing  it  needs,  it  will  probably  extend 
its  wires  ail  over  the  country,  and  place  itself  entirely  above  all  influences  of  the 
Western  Union  Company.  Almost  anything  to  break  down  the  present  monopoly 
would  be  welcomed  by  the  majority  of  people. 


I 


STATEMENT   OF   GABDINEB   Q.   HUBBARD.  109 

[From  the  Chicago  Press.] 
SHOULD  BB  WIPED  OUT. 

The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  has  made  competition  impossible.  It  is 
snoh  a  gigantic  and  far-reaching  monopoly  that  it  has  absolnte  control  over  the  tele- 
graph business  of  this  whole  country.  Hence  its  ability  to  impose  upon  the  people, 
and  oppress  its  employ^.  The  Grovemmeot  alone  can  wipe  it  out,  and  this  it  should 
do,  in  the  face  of  recent  developments,  without  the  slishtest  compunction  of  con- 
science and  in  the  quickest  time  possible.  A  postal  telegraph  is  what  the  people 
want,  as  an  adjunct  to  the  Post-Office  Department,  to  be  conducted  under  a  similar 
I  system. 


[From  the  PhOadelphia  Tfanee.  j 
WHAT  THE  FKOPLB  WOULD  QAUSf, 

• 

Many  of  the  most  widely  read  and  influential  public  Journals  have,  for  the  first 
time,  arrayed  themselves  on  the  side  of  Government  telegraphy,  and  the  issue  prom- 
ises to  be  a  vital  one  in  the  next  Conspress.  If  the  Western  Union  can  pay  dividends 
on  nearly  1100,000,000  by  sending  35,000,000  dispatches  in  a  year,  wnat  could  the 
(Government  do  with  a  system  costing  probably  one- tenth  of  the  Western  Union  capital, 
with  no  buildings,  dividends,  or  oflSces  to  supply  f  And  what  would  the  people  gain 
by  the  reduction  of  telegraphy  to  its  legitimate  cost,  as  has  been  done  with  the  mails  T 


[From  the  Sen  Frandeoo  Bxsminer.] 
ADVANTAGES  OF  COMPETITION  WANTED. 

The  Government  is  restrained  bjr  no  moral  obligation  not  to  compete  with  a  private 
company.  A  business  enterprise  is  as  open  to  the  Government  as  to  an  individual. 
But  m  this  instance  the  postal  telegraph  would  be  instituted  by  the  Government  at 
the  suggestion  of  the  people,  and  lor  their  use,  on  the  same  principle  precisely  that 
mail  facilities  exist.  The  public  system  would  operate  as  a  check  in  the  way  of  ex- 
cessive charjB^es  in  the  private  enterprise,  and  as  competition  would  necessarily  spring 
up  the  public  would  get  the  benefit  of  it.  The  Examiner  is  by  no  means  in  favor  of 
a  monopoly  of  the  telegraph  system  by  the  Government.  We  believe  that  such  a 
condition  of  affairs  would  lead  to  a  multitude  of  evils,  not  the  least  of  which  would 
be  a  centralization  of  power  which  is  too  great  alreaov.  The  purpose  in  view  is  to 
supply  the  people  with  cheap  and  rebable  telegraph  lacilities.  A  public  monopoly 
would  be  as  fatal  to  this  purpose  as  a  private  monopoly.  What  is  wanted  is  the  com- 
peting ad vantagea  which  will  result  from  permanent  independent  telegraphic  facili- 
ties. 


[From  the  Atlenta  C<motitatioii.l 
IMPOBTANCE  OF  THE  PROPOSED  SYSTEM. 

The  Bun  says  the  Government  might  as  well  be  expected  to  engage  in  the  express 
business  as  to  establish  a  postal  telegraph.  The  illustration  is  not  an  apt  one.  If  the 
postal  service  of  the  country  were  as  perfect  as  private  enterprise  has  made  the  ex- 
press companies  the  Government  would  do  a  largo  and  growing  share  of  express  bus- 
iness through  the  mails.  Even  as  matters  stand  hundreds  and  thousands  of  valuable 
packages  are  carried  through  the  mails,  for  while  the  service  is  not  ]>erfect  it  is  rea- 
sonably sure.  Not  a  day  passes  that  the  Government  does  not  compete  with  the  ex- 
press companies.  The  truth  is  a  Government  postal  telegraph  would  not  only  in- 
crease the  efficiency  of  the  postal  service,  but  would  effectually  dispose  of  one  of  the 
most  dangerous  monopolies  the  country  has  ever  seen.  But  if  there  are  any  real 
arguments  against  a  Government  postal  telegraph,  we  should  like  to  see  them.  If  it 
is  really  a  movement  in  the  direction  of  centralization,  we  should  like  to  have  it  ex- 
plained. 


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110  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBAm). 

[From  the  New  Bedford  Heronry.] 
A  CHANCE  FOR  DEMOCRATIC  LBAPSRS. 

If  the  Democratic  leaden  in  Congress  desire  to  make  their  party  popular  they  have 
one  of  the  best  opportonities  that  ever  fell  to  their  lot.  The  party's  best  move  now 
will  be  to  take  up  the  idea  of  a  Government  postal  telegraph  and  to  carry  it  straight 
through  Conness  at  the  very  first  opportunity.  The  people  are  all  ready  for  it. 
They  would  fook  upon  any  reasonable  measure  to  accomplish  this  end  with  approval 
The  party  which  succeeds  in  putting  the  idea  into  actual  practice  cannot  fail  to  help 
itself  thereby. 


[From  the  Brie  Dispatoh.] 
JUST  WHAT  IS  WANTED. 

A  way  out  of  the  present  telegraphic  difficulty  would  seem  to  be  the  eetablishment 
of  a  postal  telegraph  svstem  in  connection  with  the  mail  service  over  which  impor- 
tant mail  matter  could  be  transmitted  and  at  a  uniformly  low  tariff.  By  the  duplex  and 
quadruples  systems — ^making  one  wire  do  in  the  place  of  two  or  four,  according  to 
tne  kind  of  instrument  used — a  moderate  number  of  lines  would  be  sufficient  to  meet 
all  probable  requirements.  With  the  lever  of  competition,  Government  would  be 
able  to  prevent  extortionate  rates,  compel  efficient  service,  and  ;provide  against  the 
business  of  the  country  being  left  at  the  mercy  of  a  monopoly  or  its  dissatisfied  oper- 
ators.   At  the  same  time  it  would  not  shut  out  private  enterprise  or  private  capital. 


[From  the  Mobile  Register.] 
SAFEGUARD  AGAINST  MONOPOLIES. 

There  is  less  danger  from  the  telegraph  in  the  hands  of  the  (Sovemment  than  iu 
private  hands.  The  Government  would  have  no  object  in  misusing  it.  If  they  should 
attempt  to  turn  its  power  to  private  and  partisan  ends  the  remedy  would  be  ¥rith 
the  people.  But  wnen  Gould  and  Yanderbilt  use  this  great  power  to  advance  the 
riches  of  themselves  and  friends  or  to  destroy  the  power  of  a  rival  the  people  hsTs 
no  remedy  against  such  tyranny.  In  the  midst  of  the  cotton  season  a  single  tick  of 
this  private  company,  instigated  by  the  money  kings  of  New  York,  might  sweep  away 
in  an  hour  the  hard-earned  means  of  business  men  <dl  over  the  South. 


[From  the  N^w  Haren  PtLUdiam.] 
A  HIGHLY  POPULAR  MOVEIOBNT. 

The  movement  in  support  of  a  Government  telegraph  as  a  supplement  to  the  postal 
system  has  already  assumed  proportions  which  practically  assures  its  success,  pro- 
vided its  friends  relax  none  of^their  efforts  in  its  behalf.  Many  of  the  leading  newspa- 
pers of  the  country  have  come  out  in  open  advocacy  of  the  project,  while  others  are 
evidently  only  waiting  until  they  can  assure  themselves  positively  of  the  popular  de- 
sire concerning  the  matter  to  go  with  the  tide.  One  of  the  most  noteworthv  of  re- 
cent additions  to  the  ranks  of  the  newspaper  advocates  of  postal  telegraphy  is  Har- 
per's Weekly,  which  discusses  the  subject  in  a  thoughtful  way  in  its  current  issue. 


[From  HftTper's  Weekly.] 
ONLY  A  QUESTION  d^  EXPEDIENCY. 

The  Government  conducts  the  post-ofiSce,  which  is  simply  ''business,''  and  a  tele- 
graph supplement  to  the  post-office  is  only  a  question  of  expediency.  Such  inter- 
ruptions as  those  arising  from  the  strike  produce  not  only  incalculable  inconveni- 
ence, but  loss,  and  it  is  only  for  the  people  to  decide  whether  they  shall  be  tolerated. 


STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD  111 

They  will  be  always  possible  and  imminent  under  the  existing  conditions  of  vast 
connter-organizations  of  labor  and  capital.  They  will  become  more  probable  as  in- 
telligent  labor  becomes  more  selfishly  grasping.  Bat  the  primary  source  of  the  situ- 
ation is  monopoly.  To  destroy  the  monopoly  is  of  course  to  relieve  the  situation. 
The  sneer  that  it  is  not  the  business, of  a  Gk>vernment  to  go  into  business  is  only  silly, 
because  the  Government  has  gone  into  business.  In  the  post-office  it  has  often  de- 
liberately gone  into  a  losing  business,  because  the  convenience  and  prosperity  of  the 
people  are  more  important  than  the  cost  of  the  service  to  the  Treasury.  A  general 
strike  of  the  telegraphs  and  railways  would  in  a  very  short  time  cost  the  Government 
and  countrv  very  much  more  than  the  construction  of  a  telegraph.  The  operation  of 
such  a  work  should  of  course  be  placed  beyond  the  interference  of  trading  politicians. 
But  it  ia  clear  that  the  expediency  of  postal  telegraphy  has  become  a  pressing  and  im- 
portant question. 


[Kew'^aven  PaUaditim.] 
THB  ONLY  SBCURnr  VOR  COMFBTTTION. 

National  legislation  forbidding  the  consolidation  of  parallel  lines  of  telegraph  and 
th^  watering  of  capital  stock  is  suggested  by  those  who  oppose  a  Government  telegraph. 
The  ineffectiveness  of  legislation  to  prevent  the  consolidation  of  competing  railroads 
has  too  often  been  illustrated  to  leave  any  ground  for  expecting  lasting  relief  ^m  this 
source.  As  in  the  past  so  in  the  future  will  corporations  and  syndicates  find  a  way 
to  circumvent  the  law.  The  only  hope  is  in  a  competition  that  can  neither  be  bought 
off  nor  consolidated  out  of  existence.  The  Government  can  iJone  insure  such  com- 
petition by  constructing  a  postal  telegraph,  or^  in  other  words,  by  supplementing  its 
present  postal  system  with  facilities  for  electric  communication. 


[Lockport  UDion.j 
COmnDENCE  IK  CONOBESSBfEN. 


The  relation  of  our  legislators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  to  oorfiorate  influ- 
ence will  henceforth  be  closely  scrutinized,  and  no  lawmaker  who  indorses  a  policy 
that  favors  the  extortion  of  dividends  from  the  people  upon  the  fiction  of  watered 
stocks  can  hope  for  their  confidence  and  approval. 


[Waterbary  American.] 
THE  PLANT  WILL  BE  CHEAP. 


It  is  comforting  to  bear  in  mind  that  competent  witnesses  agree  that  the  Govern- 
ment can  duplicate  the  telem^ph  plant  of  the  country  for  about  |35,000^000j  that  a 
great  many  influential  public  men  are  in  favor  of  the  Government  going  into  the 
telegraj^  business,  and  that  the  number  is  increasing  every  day  under  the  education 
which  Western  Union  is  unwittingly  giving. 


[Detroit  Free  Press.] 
THE  MONOPOLY  WILL  FIGHT. 


What  the  company  would  probably  do  if  there  were  any  real  danger  of  a  Govern- 
ment telegraph  would  be  to  combat  the  movement  in  Congress.  And  if  we  can  judge 
anything  by  the  success  which  wealthy  monopolies  have  had  in  the  past  in  securing 
or  defeating  legislation  desired  or  objected  to  the  company  would  succeed. 


J 


112  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER    G.   HUBBARD. 

[BoohMter  HenCd.] 
KO  ABGUMKNT  AGAINST  IT. 

The  Morning  Herald  has  alwavs  said  that  there  conid  be  no  legitimate  and  eifect- 
ive  arffoment  against  a  postal  telegraph  that  'was  not  equally  eBective  against  the 
I  post-omce  system  of  the  country.      •      •      •     The  business  of  the  American  Govern- 

ment is  exceptionally  well  manaeed,  notwithstanding  the  everlasting  carping  of  po- 
litical soreheads  and  the  hobby  nders  who  perpetuaUy  affect  and  express  a  fear  of  cen- 
tralization. The  tide  is  moving  strongly  in  favor  of  a  postal  telesraph  system,  and 
after  it  has  once  been  tried  all  of  the  chronic  grumblers  will  not  oi^  be  satisfied,  bat 
will  wonder  why  it  was  not  long  before  adopted. 


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r  [Oakhoid  Tpmsoript.] 


ITWI^  BE  BENEflCIAI^ 

The  recent  interruption  of  public  business  in  consequence  of  the  telegrapher's  strike 
has  awakened  renewed  interest,  but  the  azoic  men  are  abroad  suggesting  all  kinds  of 
difficulties  and  obstructive  barriers  to  a  successful  development  of  the  scheme  in  this 
coontnr ;  but  all  these  uely  mountains  have  been  crossed  in  other  lands  where  tiie 
love  of  law,  equity,  and  justice  is  as  strong  as  here.  Within  a  few  days  past,  while 
the  obstructionists  were  busy  trying  to  persuade  the  people  that  England  had  a  big 
elephant  on  hand,  she  has  been  reducing  telegraph  rates  to  a  minimum.  It  is  no  ex- 
periment. The  scheme  has  been  thoroughly  tried  and  proved  a  success.  If  a  posUl 
telegraph  is  a  big  thin^  in  England,  is  found  to  save  tmie  and  expense  where  rail- 
roads can  carry  the  mail  from  one  border  to  another  in  a  few  hoars,  how  much  more 
beneficial  in  a  country  so  vast  as  ours,  where  the  best  locomotive  in  the  world  could 
not  pass  from  one  extreme  to  the  other  in  less  time  than  a  week. 


[San  FnnoiMO  PostJ 
DESTUnSD  TO  BE  A  RIVAL. 

A  dispatch  from  New  York  states  that  John  W.  Mackay  has  become  a  large  stock- 
holder m  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company  and  been  elected  president  of  the  company. 
The  Postal  Telegraph  Company  is  so  named  because  it  is  its  intention  to  do  business 
after  post-offiee  methods — ^that  is,  it  will  issue  stamps  of  certain  denominations  to  be 
affixed  to  dispatches.  It  is  a  strong  concern  and  iwssosses  a  system  which  enables  it 
to  transmit  messages  much  more  rapidly  and  cheaply  than  can  be  done  by  the  meth- 
ods used  by  the  omer  telegraph  companies.  It  owns  the  patent  for  the  compound 
wire,  the  Grajr  multiplex  and  theXe^go  automatic.  It  can  send  as  many  as  nine  mes- 
sages at  one  time  each  way  over  a  single  wire.  The  compound  wire  possesses  many 
advantages  over  ordinary  wire,  and  by  the  automatic /ac-mmi2e  messages  can  be  trans- 
mitted. It  is  destined  in  time  to  be  a  great  rival  to  the  Western  Union,  and  its  stock 
is  in  such  shape  that  it  cannot  be  sold  out  to  that  or  any  other  company. 


[Adrian  (Mich.)  Times.] 
EXPECTED  BT  THE  COUNTRT. 

A  trade  assembly  in  Chicago  a  few  nights  ago  passed  this  resolution : 

Besolvedf  That  we  demand  of  the  American  Congress  the  establishment  of  a  postal 
telegraph  system  on  a  self-supporting  basis,  that  the  business  men  may  toimsact  their 
business  through  a  rapid  system  of  communication  at  an  expense  founaed  on  the  act- 
ual cost  of  conducting  the  system,  and  not  be  subject  to  delay  by  strikes  or  be  dis- 
criminated against  by  unscrupulous  capitatists. 

The  fact  is,  the  postal-telegraph  system  is  «oon  to  come,  and  the  political  parties 
will  not  long  wait  to  commit  themselves  in  favor  of  a  measure  so  £Mt  becoiiiing  popu- 
lar with  the  people. 


STATEMENT   OF   GABDINEB   G.   HUBBABD.  }13 

(New  OrloMis  Times-Demoorat.] 
THE  PROJECT  GROWING  STRONGER. 

The  agitation  in  favor  of  a  postal  t-eles^aph  is  evidently  graining  rather  than  losing 
strength.  There  seems  to  he  a  general  feehug  throughout  Uie  country  that  something 
must  be  done  to  provide  a  honafide  opposition  to  the  Western  Union  company. 


[New  York  Star.] 
LEGISLATURES  ASK  FOR  IT. 

There  is  a  great  deal  of  significance  in  the  action  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  leg- 
islature, which  has  just  passed  a  joint  resolution  advocating  the  establishment  of  a 
postal  telegraph.  Since  the  recent  telegraph  strike  began  the  ablest  and  most  influ- 
ential newspapers  in  the  country  have  indorsed  the  position  long  ago  taken  by  the  Star 
on  this  subject.  They  indicate  the  unmistakable  drift  of  public  opinion.  Other  State 
legislatures  will  in  turn  cast  their  weight  into  the  scale  with  New  Hampshire,  and 
there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  Congress  will  before  long  approve  the  project  and  vote 
the  necessary  funds  to  inaugurate  it. 


[DftTenport  (Iowa)  Gaiette.] 
OPPOSITION  PUBRILB. 

It  has  taken  a  long  and  weary  time  to  even  start  the  discussion  of  a  postal  telegraph 
system  in  this  country,  but  now  that  it  is  started  the  fact  that  the  troubles  of  the  re- 
cent telegraph  companies  are  now  over  will  not  quiet  it  nor  diminish  the  favor  in 
which  it  IS  held  bv  a  large  and  respectable  portion  of  the  public.  The  discussion  has 
been  the  means  or  closelv  drawing  the  line  between  that  portion  of  the  public  press 
which  is  on  the  side  of  the  people  and  that  which  is  on  the  side  of  the  monopolists. 
The  arguments  which  have  been  adduced  against  a  postal  telegraph  have  with  one 
or  two  exceptions  been  of  an  exceedingly  puerile  nature,  and  unworthy  of  serious  ref- 
utation. 


[Pittsburg  Dispatch.] 
A  MATTER  OF  NATIONAL  POUOT. 

The  Government  postal  telegraph  idea  is  clearly  one  that  will  not  down.  The  mat- 
ter has  been  brought  so  distinctly  to  the  people  through  the  medium  of  the  telegraph 
strike  that  the  question  of  policy  becomes  one  of  the  important  topics  of  the  time, 
and  its  consideration  in  Congress,  which  seems  almost  certain  to  take  place  at  the  com- 
ing session,  will  be  listened  for  eagerly  by  an  interested  people.  It  will  not  be  sur- 
prising if  the  discussions  of  the  coming  Congress  upon  this  point  occupy  many  days 
of  the  session,  and  it  is  certain  that  the  combination  of  capital  monopolizing  most  of 
the  telegraph  facilities  of  the  country  will  make  a  bitter  fight.  There  are  two  strong 
sides  to  the  question  of  establishing  a  Government  line  of  telegraph  wires.  There  is 
no  doubt  as  to  which  is  the  popular  side.  The  public  will  recognize  the  utter  impos- 
sibility of  conducting  a  service  of  such  character  as  that  of  the  United  States  mail 
by  private  capital,  and  who  are  aware  of  the  firmness  and  soUdity  of  the  national 
banking  system,  are  fully  prepared  to  believe  that  the  Government  can  successfully 
conduct  a  telegraph  department  and  relieve  the  country  fh>m  such  dangers  to  business 
as  have  lately  prevailed  and  threatened. 


[Riohmond  X>ispatoh.] 
COMMERCE  DEMANDS  IT. 


The  chamber  of  commerce  of  Bichmond  will  soon,  we  suppose,  pass  npon  the  ques- 
tion recently  submitted  to  it  by  the  chamber  of  oommeroeof  New  York  City — namely, 
whether  the  former  chamber  of  commerce  agrees  with  the  latter  in  favoring  a  national 

8.  Rep.  577,  pt.  2 8 


I 


114  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD. 


telegraph  system  to  be  owned  and  under  the  control  of  the  Greneral  GoYemment.    Sine 
we  hold  that  the  adoption  of  a  national  system  of  telegraphs,  to  be  owned  and  con- 

\  I  '}|fi|  trolled  by  the  Government,  is  nnavoidable,  and  therefore  cannot  be  prevented  by  di^ 

,    ^  cnssion,  it  is  not  necessary  from  onr  point  of  view  to  disc  ass  the  subject  exhaust  ivelj. 

[ '  'Jki  We  appreciate  its  dangers,  foresee  its  benefits,  and  are  prepared  to  accept  the  latter 

r  i  I  and  to  try  to  avert  the  former. 


i 


H  ; 


[Galveston  News.] 
'  THE   RATE  TO  BE  UNIFORM. 

John  W.  Maokay  has  been  made  trustee  of  a  majority  of  the  stock  of  the  Postal  Tel- 
egraph Company.  He  intends  to  have  a  uniform  rate  of  one  cent  per  word  to  all 
points  reached,  and  to  sell  stamps  for  various  amounts,  which  can  be  afiixed  to  any 
message. 


[Brooklyn  Union.] 
THE  RESULT  WOULD  BE  SATISFACTORY. 

The  proposition  that  Congress  should  pass  a  law  prohibiting,  under  heavy  penalty, 
the  leasing  or  consolidation  by  one  telegraph  company  of  any  competing  line  is  not 
likely  to  bring  about  such  satisfactory  results  as  would  the  establishment  of  a  Gov- 
ernment telegraphic  system,  to  be  managed  under  the  regulations  of  the  civil  service 
reform  act. 


[BoflEedo  Express.] 
THE  RAPID  company's  INJUSTICE. 

The  action  of  the  Rapid  Telegraph  Company  toward  its  operators  and  toward  the 
public  seems  to  have  been  worse  even  than  that  of  the  Western  Union,  and,  indeed, 
about  as  bad  as  could  be.  First  it  refused  an  increase  and  let  its  men  strike,  instead 
of  taking  advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  cut  into  the  big  company's  bnsineas  and  es- 
tablish itself,  as  an  honest  new  line  would  have  done.  Next,  when  the  pressure  of 
business  that  could  not  be  forwarded  made  things  uncomfortable  for  Western  Union, 
the  Rapid  gave  in  to  the  men  and  resumed  business,  taking  the  precaution,  how- 
ever, to  put  up  its  theretofore  low  rates  to  the  Western  Union  standard.  The  Rap- 
id's opening  relieved  the  strain  on  Western  Union  and  helped  that  monopoly  to 
weather  the  strike.  Now  the  Rapid  announces  that  it  will  out  wa^pes  down  to  the  old 
Btandaxd  before  the  strike ;  but  it  does  not  say  a  word  about  reducing  its  tariff  to  the 
old  rates.  It  looks  as  if  the  Rapid  had  been  playing  the  part  not  of  a  rival,  but  of  • 
tender  to  Western  Union. 


[IndiaDApoUs  Times.] 
rr  WILL  BE  INDEPENDENT. 

A  postal  telegraph  will  not  breed  conspirators  nor  oormptionista.  The  operatorB 
will  be  just  as  intelligent,  just  as  loyal,  under  Government  employ  as  under  Jay 
Gould,  and  far  more  happy,  independent,  and  contented. 


[Yirginia  City  Territorial  Enterprise.] 
A  NEW  ORDER  OF  THINGS. 


The  ca])lc  company  which  is  to  operate  in  connection  with  the  Postal  Telegraph 
Compaily  may  prove  very  troublesome  to  the  old  companies  and  the  Western  Union. 
The  latter  company  has  guaranteed  to  the  existing  cable  lines  five  per  cent,  for  ninety- 


STATEBfENT   OF   GARDINER   G.   HyBBARD.  115 

nine  years  on  165,500,000  of  stock.  The  new  company  has  contracted  $2,500,000  or 
the  immediate  laying  of  a  cable,  and  another  at  the  same  price  in  eighteen  months. 
Besides  this  advantage  from  lower  capitalization  the  compan  v  controls  patents  issued 
on  inventions  made  since  the  Western  Union  contracts  with  the  cable  companies  were 
made,  by  which  sixty  words  a  minnte,  instead  of  twenty  as  at  present,  can  be  sent 
over  the  cables.  The  tari£f  proposed  is  twenty-five  cents  a  word,  which  will  be  low 
enough  to  maJLe  it  very  uncomiortable  indeed  for  the  established  order  of  things. 


[St  John  (S.B,)  San.] 
IT  18  THOROUQHLT  POPULAR. 

Another  and  probably  more  popular  proposal  is  not  that  the  Government  should 
take  sole  control  of  the  telegraph  service  of  the  country,  but  that  it  should  erect  and 
run  a  competing  service  in  connection  with  the  postal  system,  and  thus  preserve  all 
the  advantages  of  competition  and  possibly  avoid  some  evils  which  might  be  insepa- 
rable frt)m  an  entire  Government  control.  It  is  ars^ed  that  in  this  way  a  service 
could  be  given  at  small  expense  to  all  the  principal  places,  and  that  this  could  be 
ffraduallv  extended  until  it  should  be  coextensive  with  the  postal  service.  The  pub- 
lic would  still  have  the  choice  of  patronizing  the  Gk>vemment  or  the  company  sys- 
tem, and,  as  there  could  be  no  collusion  between  the  two,  a  healthy  competition  could 
be  secured.  The  company  would  be  obliged  to  cheapen  rates  and  be  prompt  in  busi- 
ness, and  keep  in  employment  capable  and  satisfied  servants ;  and  if  at  any  time  a 
strike  did  occur  on  the  company's  line  the  people  would  not  be  without  a  competent 
and  complete  means  of  communication.  There  is  no  doubt  at  all  but  that  this  matter 
will  be  forced  upon  the  attention  of  Congress,  and  little  doubt  but  that  action  on  one 
of  the  two  above-mentioned  lines  will  be  undertaken,  which  will  be  determined  by 
the  progress  of  the  discussion ;  but  the  weight  of  opinion,  as  so  far  expressed,  seems  to 
be  in  favor  of  Government  competition.  The  question  does  not  press  quite  so  strongly 
upon  us  in  Canada,  but  it  is  a  growing  and  important  one.  It  has  already  received 
some  discussion  in  the  press  and  will  very  probably  soon  enter  the  arena  of  parlia- 
mentary deliberation. 


[Albany  Time*.] 
NOT  THB  QOVKRNMENT  LINE. 


A  good  deal  is  said  lately  about  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company,  which  should  not, 
by  the  way,  be  confounded  with  the  Government  telegraph  scheme.  The  Postal  is 
simply  a  private  enterprise,  with  fair  prospects'  of  success,  and  these  are  because  of 
certain  improvements  which  it  controls.  These  improvements  are  strong  proofs  that 
telegraphy  is  only  in  its  infancy,  and  that  the  time  is  coming,  and  near  athand,  when 
all  except  the  most  trivial  correspondence  will  be  done  by  electrioity. 


[Borne  SentineL] 
THB  QSINDINQ  WESTERN  UNION. 

Dr.  Green  makes  the  following  remarkable  declaration :  ''As  I  told  General  Eckert 
this  afternoon,  the  several  hun£eds  of  thousands  of  dollars  which  have  been  lost  in 
the  strike  I  regard  to  be  the  best  financial  investment  made  by  the  company.  Here- 
after General  Eckert  tells  me  that  he  will  get  one- third  more  work  out  of  a  man  for  a 
day's  services,  and  the  economy  of  such  a  step  will  retrieve  the  loss  in  less  than  six 
months.''  How  much  the  strike  has  cost  the  Western  Union  there  is  no  finding  out ; 
but  whatever  the  amount  may  be  the  bold  assertion  that  it  will  be  made  up,  say  by 
January  1  next,  by  the  simple  process  of  getting  33^  per  cent,  more  work  out  of 
the  operators,  will  go  very  far  toward  proving  much  which  the  strikers  alleged  in  their 
notices  to  the  public.  One-third  more  work  is  what  is  written,  and  the  Western  Union 
is  not  that  sort  of  concern  to  let  go  its  ^p  on  any  such  a  percentage  of  increase.  If 
we  suppose  the  loss  to  the  company  durmg  the  strike  was  $500,000  in  round  numbers ; 
if,  as  asserted,  it  can  be  made  up  in  six  months,  then  in  another  six  months  there 
will  be  in  the  treasury  $500,000  clear  profit,  and  so  on  at  the  rate  of  $1,000,000  a  year 
till  such  time  as  this  sort  of  unscrupulousness  is  brought  to  a  halt  by  methods  the 
future  must  bring  forth. 


u 


'V 


ii 


•  t 
iff; 
I 


r< 


116  STATEMENT   OF   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD. 

[Maoon  (Ga.)  Telegraph.] 
FEARS  OF  A  GOVSRNMENT  MONOPOLY. 


|i|  It  comes  from  Atlanta  that  the  legislature  contemplates  instracting  the  Congres- 

sional  delegation  to  move  for  the  establishmen  t  of  a  postal  telegraph  service  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. A  monopoly  ran  by  an  individual  or  a  syndicate  is  bad  enongb ;  a  GoTem- 
ment  monopoly  must  prove  a  great  deal  worse. 


fNew  York  Herald,  September  6, 1883.1 
**LKT  THE  GOVERNMENT  BUY  US  OUT.** 

The  Sun  believes  the  proposition  to  establish  a  Government  telegraph  line  as  an 
adjunct  to  the  Post-Office  "preposterous,"  ** hasty  and  ill-considered,"  and  not  to  be 

entertained. 

To  all  that  Mr.  Jay  Gould  in  his  interesting  testimony  before  the  Senate  Labor  Com- 
mittee yesterday  said,  '*Me,  too." 

The  Sun  adds :  **  The  Government  would,  we  suppose,  have  to  buy  the  existing  lines. 
1  These  could  not  compete  with  the  Government,  and  would  have  to  sell  or  go  under. 

-  The  bitterest  opponents  of  Blr.  Gould  would  hardly  wish  that  all  the  other  2,599  stock- 

holders of  the  Western  Union  should  lose  the  value  of  their  stock  that  he  might  be- 
more  effectually  plundered.     Mr.  Edmunds  will  have  to  discuss  that  question." 

Oddly  enough,  to  all  that  Mr.  Jay  Gould  also  says,  "  Me,  too."  **  It  is  contrary  to 
our  institutions,"  said  Mr.  Gould  yesterday,  when  asked  what  he  thought  of  a  postal 
telegraph  to  compete  with  private  lines.  But  he  added :  "  I  would  be  perfectly  will- 
ing to  let  the  Government  try  it.     Let  the  Government  buy  us  out." 

There  is  here  felicitous  unity  of  sentiment  between  the  Sun  and  Mr.  Gk>uld  which 
ought  to  make  both  happy.  Nor  can  it  be  supposed  to  detract  from  their  satisfaction 
to  know  that  the  gentlemanly  Evening  Post,  the  amiable  Mail  and  Express,  the  ad- 
mirable Commercial  Advertiser,  and,  in  fact,  prettv  much  all  the  newspapers  which 
ranged  themselves  on  the  side  of  the  corporation  and  against  the  workmen  in  the  recent 
telegraph  strike,  are  now  of  opinion  that  if  the  Government  wants  to  use  the  telegraph 
as  an  adjunct  to  the  mail  service  it  must,  as  Mr.  Gould  puts  it,  *'  buy  as  ont." 

By  the  way,  when  Mr.  Gould  was  asked  yesterdav  what  he  had  to  sell,  he  became 
suddenly  vague.  ^^  I  would  like  you  to  give  us  a  description  and  viduation  of  the 
Western  Union  as  it  stands  to-day— the  plant,  the  franchises,  &c.,''  said  one  of  the 
committee.  Mr.  Gould,  who  had  been  up  to  that  time  the  most  practical  of  men,  sud- 
denly became  a  kind  of  heroic  ignoramus.  **  I  don't  suppose  I  con  id  give  yon  as  intelli- 
gent an  answer  to  that  as  a  practical  man  could,"  he  said,  **  IJudge  of  these  proper- 
ties by  a  broader  rule — by  their  net  earning  power." 

Now,  the  **  net  earning  power"  of  a  corporation  which  monopolizes  one  of  the  great 
necessaries  of  life  is  what  it  can  screw  out  of  the  public.  What  Mr.  Gould,  therefore, 
told  the  committee  was,  in  fact,  that  he  values  the  Western  Union  according  to  what 
it  can  make  the  public  pay  for  telegraphing.  It  gives  a  poor  and  dilatory  service  at 
a  high  price.  It  does  that  because  it  is  a  monopoly.  If  Mr.  Grould  had  competitors  his 
corporation  would  be  compelled  to  give  a  better  and  prompter  service  at  a  lower  price. 
But  the  Western  Union  corporation  has  determined  to  tolerate  no  competitors.  It  is 
its  boast,  made  in  a  notorious  pamphlet  published  last  year,  that  it  is  ''an  army  of 
occupation"  with  a  *^  completeness  of  grasp  upon  the  power  of  instantaneous  comiua- 
nication  in  this  country"  which  cannot  be  interfered  with  by  private  effort. 

Under  these  circumstances  public  opinion  demands  that  the  Government  shall  come 
to  the  public  help  by  a  competing  line,  whereupon  all  the  organs  of  monopoly  cry  out, 
"  Oh !  that  frill  never  do ;  the  Government  must  buy  out  Western  Union."  And  Mr. 
Jay  Gould,  who  has  recently  found  the  English  unwilling  to  take  **  a  large  block  "  of 
Western  Union  stock,  agrees  very  readily  that  the  Government  ought  to  ouy  out  the 
monopoly. 

If  a  private  company  sets  up  competition  with  Western  Union  Bir.  Gould  does  not 
offer  to  sell  out ;  on  the  contrary,  he  swallows — absorbs — the  private  competitor.  But 
if  the  Government  proposes  to  use  the  telegraph,  not  as  a  monopoly,  but  simply  as  an 
adjunct  to  the  railway  mail  service,  Mr.  (^uld  at  once  wants  to  sell  oat  to  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

Well,  what  has  Western  Union  really  got  to  sell  t  That  question  neither  Dr.  Green 
nor  Mr.  Gould,  nor  any  other  member  or  the  corporation,  has  appeared  willing  to  an- 
swer. 

What  has  Western  Union  got  to  sell  t 


i 


STATEMENT   OP   GARDINER   G.    HUBBARD.  117 

How  much  real  estate^does  it  own,  and  how  is  that  encambered  t 
How  many  miles  of  poles  and  wires  does  it  actually  own  f    Does  it  own- one-half  the 
wires  it  works  T    Or  a  third  t 

It  has,  Mr.  Gould  told  the  committee,  "  contracts  with  railroads  by  which  the  tele- 
graph company  does  the  work  of  the  railroads  free."  He  did  not  explain,  however, 
that  in  these  cases  the  railroads  own  the  poles  and  wires  ;  the  contracts  in  many  cases 
are  near  their  expiration,  and  will  not  be  renewed  if  the  railroad  companies  can  help 
it ;  while  in  other  cases  these  contracts  are  terminable  at  a  year's  notice. 
All  that  is  not  salable  property.  What  has  Western  Union  really  got  to  sellT 
Whenever  the  telegraph  question  comes  before  Cougress  those  who  demand  in  the 
interest  and  service  of  Mr.  Gould  that  "  the  Government  must  buy  us  out "  will  have 
to  answer  this  question,  and  those  who  ask  it — Senator  Edmunds^  for  instance,  whom 
the  Sun  hauls  over  the  coals — will  probably  remember  the  shrewd  saying  of  tne  elder 
Vanderbilt,  that  *'  he  did  not  mind  putting  some  money  into  telegraph  stock  ;  bat  he 
did  not  regard  that  kind  of  property  as  a  permanent  investment ;  he  was  not  snoh  a 
confounded  fool  as  to  leave  a  lot  of  poles  and  wires  to  his  heirs." 

"  The  net  earning  power  '*  of  a  monopoly  may  be  very  great,  but  it  would  be  a  very 
poor  business  to  buy  it  at  a  high  price,  because  all  monopolies— even  that  of  the  West- 
em  Union — are  in  their  nature  prccarions  and  uncertain. 


[Chicago  Tribune,  November  23,  1883.1 
A  TELEGRAPH  FOR  THE  PEOPLE. 

An  able  article,  moderate  in  tone,  and  all  the  more  convincing  on  that  account,  on 
the  subject  of  postal  telegraph  is  contributed  to  the  current  number  of  the  North 
American  Review  by  Mr.  Gardiner  G.  Hubbard,  who  has  for  years  been  an  advocate  of 
the  addition  of  electricity  to  the  resources  or  the  Post-Offlce.  The  main  idea  of  his 
paper  is  contained  in  this  sentence : 

'^  As  A  telegraph  for  business  where  dispatch  is  essential,  and  the  price  is  of  little 
account,  the  Western  Union  system  is  unrivaled,  but  as  a  telegraph  for  the  people  it 
js  a  signal  failure.'' 

The  best  energies  of  the  Western  Union  have  been  given  to  serving  the  great  com- 
mercial, railroad,  and  speculative  interests  of  the  country,  especially  the  last.  To  see 
its  system  working  at  its  highest  perfection  one  must  stand  in  a  Chicago  stock  broker's 
office  with  its  special  wire  running  direct  to  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,  and 
watch  in  hand,  time,  the  execution  of  an  order  to  bay  or  sell.  Such  a  message  will  be 
flashed  over  the  wires  into  the  vestibule  of  the  exchange,  will  be  executed  by  the 
broker  there,  and  an  answer  returned  in  less  than  four  minutes.  Four  minutes  for 
doing  business  to  the  amount  of  very  likely  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  over  a  circuit 
of  two  thousand  miles  is  not  too  much.    Certainly  no  improvement  is  needed  there. 

But  when  we  step  outside  of  the  isothermal  lines  of  speculation  between  the  great 
exchanges  of  the  country  where  cotton,  wheat,  oil,  railroad  stocks,  and  other  "  staples" 
are  dealt  in  we  tind  a  sudden  drop  in  the  etliciency  of  the  telegraph*  There  is  per- 
haps not  one  of  our  readers  who  has  not  found  that  it  took  as  long  to  ^et  a  message 
delivered  a  short  distance  in  the  city  or  in  the  suburbs  by  telegraph  as  it  would  have 
taken  him  to  walk  with  it  to  its  destination.  Abroad  the  telegraph  is  used  princi- 
pally by  the  i)eople  for  social  correspondence  over  short  distances,  but  that  is  impos- 
sible here  with  our  variable  charges,  high  rates,  and  the  discrimination  in  favor  of 
business  messages.  Stock-exchange  busuess,  for  iustance,  has  the  right  of  way  over 
the  wires  in  preference  to  any  cummunication  of  a  personal  or  social  nature.  The 
directors  and  managers  of  the  Western  Union  are  r»ilroa<l  owners  and  stock  specu- 
lators, and  they  do  all  they  can  to  foster  the  facilities  of  the  '*  lambs." 

The  telegraph,  Mr.  Hubbard  shows,  is  used  more  freely  in  England,  Holland,  Bel- 
gium, and  Switzerland  than  with  us,  and  more  largely  in  proportion  to  letter  corre- 
spondence in  France.  On  the  continent  of  Europe  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  tele- 
§rams  are  on  social  matters;  in  this  country  four-fifths  of  them  are  on  business, 
lurs  is  a  business  and  railroad  system,  while  those  abroad  are  postal  systems.  This 
is  largely  because  of  the  discriminations  made  in  favor  of  business,  especially  of  spec- 
ulative business,  by  the  Western  Union,  but  also  because  of  the  high  and  irregular 
rates  charged  by  our  company.  In  England  you  can  send  twenty  words  for  25  cents ; 
in  Holland,  Belgium,  and  Switzerland  the  average  rate  is  10  centa  a  message ;  in  this 
country  the  average  is  3d  cents,  and  there  is  the  greatest  inequality  and  irregularity 
in  rates,  more  being  in  a  vast  number  of  cases  charged  for  short  distances  than  for 
long  ones. 
An  analysis  of  tlie  reports  of  the  Western  Union  shows  that,  contrary  to  their  own 


118  STATEMENT   OP    GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD. 

claims,  the  average  cost  of  sending  messages  has  been  rising.  In  1878  the  average 
was  41  cents ;  in  1883  it  was  46  cents,  an  increase  of  10  per  cent.  This  increase  i^i 
cansed  directly  by  the  cost  of  baying  np  competing  companies,  which  has  resulted  in 
an  increase  of  the  operating  expenses,  and  by  the  necessity  of  paying  dividends  oq 
the  millions  of  watered  stock.  For  eleven  years  down  to  the  declaration  of  the  stock 
dividends  of  1879  and  1881  the  Western  Union  pursued  the  policy  of  makine  an  anunal 
reduction  of  rates  to  the  extent  of  6  per  cent,  a  year.  Tne  consolidations  sod 
issue  of  watered  stock  compelled  this  policy  of  reducing  rates  to  be  given  np.  The 
11  tax  to  the  public  on  .account  of  these  consolidations  Bir.  Hubbard  estimates  at  ^.1 

cents  for  each  of  the  41,000,000  messages  sent  last  year  by  the  company. 

The  remedy  for  all  this  is  not  to  help  Mr.  Gould  to  carry  out  his  pet  scheme  of 
selling  the  Western  Union  to  the  United  States  for  $100,000,000 ;  it  is  not  tosnbstitnte 
for  the  Western  Union  monopoly  a  Government  monopoly  with  all  the  intolerable 
nuisances  of  tbe  circumlocution  office ;  it  is  simply  that*  the  neglected  and  abased 
field  of  correspondence  by  electricity  be  occupied  by  the  Post-Office.  As  tbe  figures 
show,  the  Western  Union  hardly  touches  this,  which  is  the  largest  part  of  the  work 
of  the  telegraph  abroad.  Postal  lines  built  by  the  Government  and  operated  by  the 
PostrOffice  with  low  and  uniform  rates  would  develop  a  business  of  their  own  that 
the  Western  Union  evidently  does  not  desire,  and  could  not  with  its  other  businees 
handle  if  it  hadit. 


I 


1  I 


!       I 


I 


\ 


STATEMENTS 


OF 


BOBEBT  GABBETT  AND  OTHEB  OFFICEBS  OF  THE  BALTIHOBE 

AND  OHIO  TELEOBAPH  COMPAHT. 


Messrs.  Bobert  Oarrett,  D.  H.  Bates,  president  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Telegraph  Company,  and  John  K.  Oowen,  attorney  of  that  com- 
pany, appeared  before  the  committee. 

Mr.  CowEN.  Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen:  Mr.  D.  H.  Bates,  the 
president  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Telegraph  Company,  will  first 
speak  to  you.  He  is  here  to  explain  what  that  company  has  already 
done,  and  what  they  propose  to  do  in  the  fhtnre. 

Mr.  Bates.  Does  the  committee  prefer  thai  I  should  make  a  volun- 
tary statement,  or  will  inquiries  be  put  to  me  in  the  direction  in  which 
you  desire  information  t 

The  Chaibman.  State  in  the  first  place,  if  you  please,  such  facts  Bfi 
you  have  in  mind  that  you  wish  to  present  to  the  committee,  and  the 
committee  will  ask  any  questions  that  may  occur  to  the  members  dur- 
ing the  progress  of  your  remarks.  The  company  you  represent  desired 
to  be  heard,  and  this  day  was  assigned  for  the  hearing.  The  course  I 
suggest  is  the  one  we  have  generally  pursued. 

Mr.  Bates.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Telegraph  Company,  which  I 
DOW  represent,  has  telegraph  lines  extending  along  the  route  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  from  Washington  to  Baltimore,  and  from 
each  of  those  cities, to  the  point  of  connection  near  Point  of  Bocks, 
Maryland,  thence  over  the  main  stem  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  to 
Wheeling  and  Parkersburg,  over  the  Pittsburgh  and  Connellsville  road 
to  Pittsburgh,  the  Central  Ohio  road  from  Wheeling  to  Columbus,  the 
Marietta  and  Cincinnati  road  from  Parkersburg  to  Cincinnati  with 

119 


i 


k 


^i   !' 


120         STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO    OFFICIALS. 

naroerous  branches,  the  Lake  Erie  division  from  Newark  to  Saudusky, 
the  Chicago  division  from  Chicago  Junction  on  the  Lake  Erie  division 
to  Chicago,  with  a  branch  from  North  Vernon  to  Louisville,  and  with  a 
line  also  from  Baltimore  over  the  highway  to  New  York  City.  It  has 
within  a  few  weeks  purchased  a  newly-built  Hue  over  the  West  Shore, 
and  the  New  York,  Chicago  and  Saint  Louis  railroads  from  New  York  City 
by  way  of  Buflfalo  to  Chicago.  Its  lines  are  nearly  all  pra<;tically  new, 
some  of  them  having  been  rebuilt  within  the  lavSt  few  years  and  some  of 
them  within  the  past  year,  so  that  we  are  now  thoroughly  equipped 
with  large  trunk  liues  on  all  of  those  important  routes,  covering,  as  you 
|1  will  observe,  the  principal  cities  within  that  area.    The  company  has 

now  lift<*en  wires  by  two  routes  between  New  York  City  and  Chicago, 
which  are,  as  near  as  I  can  understand,  one  half  as  mauy  as  the  num- 
ber of  the  Western  Union  Company  between  those  points.  On  other 
routes  it  has  nearly  the  same  proportion.  It  is  now  engaged  in  build- 
ing a  line  of  the  same  chanicter  between  New  York  and  Boston,  taking 
in  the  principal  cities  on  the  route,  which  will  be  finished  about  June 
Ist. 

The  Chairman.  Over  what  route  does  that  line  run  f 

Mr.  Bates.  It  will  doubtless  run  over  the  highway  from  New  York 
to  Boston. 

The  Chairman.  By  highway  you  mean  what! 

Mr.  Bates.  Public  roads. 

The  Chairman.  Not  along  the  line  of  the  railways! 

Mr.  Bates.  Not  along  the  line  of  the  railroads. 

It  is  also  engaged  in  building  a  line  from  Chicago  to  Saint  Louis, 
which  will  take  in  Indianapolis  branching  from  Indianapolis  to  Cincin- 
nati, also  a  line  from  Pittsburgh  to  Cleveland,  and  thence  to  Chicago 
Junction,  bo  as  to  give  us  cross-connections  for  the  purpose  of  better 
availing  of  our  facilities  in  the  event  of  interruption  on  any  one  route. 
It  has  just  closed  an  arrangement  for  an  existing  telegraph  line  on  the 
Texas  and  Saint  Louis  r^lway  from  Saint  Louis  by  way  of  Cairo  to  Tex- 
arkana  and  beyond,  andis  arranging  for  the  further  extension  of  that 
line  from  that  point  to  5ouston,  Galveston,  and  New  Orleans.  At  present 
those  are  the  points  that  are  immediately  contemplated  within  our  pur- 
X)Oses«  and  it  is  the  intention  of  the  company  to  provide,  between  those 
large  trade-centers,  the  most  ample  facilities,  for  the  public,  the  press, 
and  such  other  uses  as  the  wires  may  be  put  to. 

The  Chairman.  Let  me  ask  you  a  question  right  there,  if  you  do  not 
object  to  being  interrupted.  Do  you  find  it  is  necessary  to  pay  anything 
for  the  right  of  waj'  over  any  of  these  routes  you  are  building  upon  ! 

Mr.  Bates.  I  could  hardly  answer  that  question  as  far  as  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  Company  is  concerned,  having  only  lately  connected 
myself  with  it.  I  have  been  with  other  telegraph  companies  for  the 
last  twenty  odd  years  and  can  speak  as  to  my  experience  with  them. 
The  question  of  rights  of  way  at  first  was  trifling.  In  later  years  it  has 
come  to  be  a  matter  of  very  considerable  moment.  In  the  cities  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  get  any  available  rights  of  way  at  all,  certainly  not 
without  the  payment  of  very  large  sums  of  money  for  them.  Kailroad 
routes  are  becoming  filled  up  with  lines,  and  in  all  cases  railroad  com- 
panies, of  course,  receive  from  telegraph  companies,  for  the  rights  of 
way  large  concessions  in  the  way  of  telegraphic  fjftiilities,  free  transmis- 
sion of  their  messages,  and  otherwise ;  and  in  very  many  cases  where 
it  is  essential  to  use  private  lands  it  becomes  then  a  question  of  arrange- 
ment with  the  owner,  and  large  sums  in  those  cases  have  very  often 
been  paid. 


STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS  121 

The  Chaibman.  Did  you  oficept  and  are  you  acting  under  the  provi- 
sions of  the  act  of  1866 1 

Mr.  Bates.  We  have  already  done  so,  and  have  taken  advantage  of 
those  provisions  so  far  as  we  can. 

The  Chairman.  Do  not  those  provisions  give  you  the  right  to  con- 
struct a  line  over  any  post-route  t 

Mr.  Bates.  They  do ;  and  under  the  decision  of  Justice  Harlan  in  a 
case  with  which  1  had  to  do  in  1879,  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  against  the  American  Union  Telegraph  Company  and  the 
Wabash  Railroad  Company,  that  right  was  protected  by  the  court  and 
exercised  by  the  telegraph  company.  The  line  upon  that  road  today 
was  built  under  that  act  and  its  provisions  have  been  availed  of  in  other 
cases  since  then  by  that  company  and  by  the  Western  Union  Company. 

The  Chairman.  What  difficulties  do  you  find  in  the  construction  of 
telegraph  lines  outside  of  towns  and  cities  t 

Mr.  Bates.  With  the  exception  of  municipalities,  of  course,  there  is 
not  any  material  difficulty  at  any  point  excepting  where  the  condition 
of  the  surroundings  is  such  as  to  make  it  necessary  to  make  a  devia- 
tion. For  instance,  there  may  be  shade-trees  to  be  avoided,  there  may 
be  other  lines  of  telegraph  to  pass  under  or  over,  or  there  may  be  build- 
ings to  avoid.  Of  course  all  of  those  mechanical  objections  have  to  be 
met,  and  are  growing  more  in  importance  with  each  succeeding  year  as 
the  existing  Imes  are  increased  and  multiplied. 

The  Chairman.  If  the  roads  leading  into  those  towns  or  cities  are 
post-roads,  in  what  way  can  the  company  that  attempts  to  carry  a  line 
into  a  town  or  city  be  obstructed  f 

Mr.  Bates.  The  difficulty  up  to  this  time,  Mr.  Chairman,  has  been  to 
entorce  the  right  that  that  act  gives.  I  believe  the  right  exists.  In  a 
case  with  which  I  had  to  do  in  1869  or  1870,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
for  the  Western  Union  Company,  when  the  present  Attorney-General, 
Mr.  Brewster,  was  the  counsel  of  the  company,  he  took  that  view  in  the 
controversy  we  had  with  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  The  right  was  not 
exactly  admitted,  as  I  now  remember.  I  think  the  city  (M)mbatted  it. 
But  an  arrangement  was  made  whereby  we  practically  completed  the 
line  under  that  right.  I  do  not  know,  however,  any  case  that  has  yet 
come  up  in  the  courts  where  the  provision  in  reference  to  rights  of  way 
in  cities  has  been  acted  upon. 

I  should  have  added  to  my  statement  already  given  in  reference  to 
our  extensions,  that  an  arrangement  has  also  been  concluded  with  a 
company  in  close  connection  with  th0  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Company,  for 
the  immediate  building  of  a  line  from  Chicago  to  La  Crosse,  Saint  Paul, 
Minneapolis,  and  other  important  points  in  the  Northwest,  so  that  with- 
in the  present  year  our  telegraph  system  will  cover  territory  which  now 
yields,  as  I  understand,  nearly  or  quite  three-fourths  of  the  entire  tele- 
graphic business  of  the  country ;  and  we  will  have  sufficient  wires  and 
equipment  of  other  kinds  with  which  to  handle  all  of  the  business  that 
can  be  secured  in  that  territory. 

We  have  not  as  yet  undertaken  any  particular  reduction  in  rates. 
The  ariffis  which  I  find  in  operation  are,  generally  speaking,  the  siime 
as  those  of  other  companies,  although  in  respect  of  night  messages  they 
are  lower.  For  instance,  our  night  rate  between  all  points  reached  by  us 
is  one-half  of  the  regular  day  rate,  while  on  other  lines,  the  Western 
Union  particularly,  it  is  two-thirds,  as  near  as  may  be. 

The  Chairman.  Three-fourths  in  some  cases.  From  Denver  to  the 
Atlantic  coast  it  is  a  dollar  for  day  messages,  and  seventy-five  cents  for 
night  messages. 


> 


,£!    U 


r< 


:      !.l 


122         STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS. 

Mr.  Bates.  You  are  right,  Mr.  Chairman.  I  think  with  reference  to 
Texas  it  is  $1.25  for  day  messages  and  80  or  90  cents  at  night.  I  am  not 
certain  as  to  those  figures,  but  I  think  they  are  approximately  right. 
Our  purpose  is  first  to  fully  equip  our  lines  between  the  points  I  have 
named  with  a  sufficient  number  of  wires  to  handle  a  very  large  amount 
of  business,  so  that  we  shall  be  able  to  take  everything  which  we  can 
get  at  remunerative  rates.  I  believe,  from  a  long  experience  in  the  tel- 
egraph business,  that  a  moderate  rate  will  be  more  remunerative  to  us 
than  what  might  be  called  the  high  rates  which  generally  now  exist 
We  have  in  contemplation  such  arrangements  as  will  reduce  the  rates 
between  the  principal  cities,  at  least  east  of  the  Mississippi  Biver,  to 
not  exceeding  25  cents  for  aay  messages,  and  one  cent  a  word  for  night 
messages.  Between  local  points  within  that  territory  a  proportionately 
higher  rate  may  be  necessary  for  the  smaller  volume  of  business. 

Senator  Jackson.  What  is  the  number  of  wires  on  the  Nickel  Plate 
road! 

Mr.  Bates.  There  are  four  wires  now  on  the  Nickel  Plate  and  West 
Shore  roads  on  the  line  which  we  bought,  and  we  have  arrangements 
made,  and  some  of  the  material  already  shipped,  for  the  immediate  erec- 
tion of  twelve  more  wires. 
f  Senator  Jackson.  In  point  of  equipment  how  does  it  compare  with 

other  lines  f  ' 

Mr.  Bates.  The  Nickel  Plate  telegraph  line  is  one  of  the  best  lines 
I  have  ever  heard  ot  I  have  not  myself  seen  it,  but  I  have  had  it  ex- 
amined, and  the  report  is  that  it  is  a  most  substantial  Une,  capable  of 
sustaining  a  large  number  of  wires. 

Senator  Jackson.  Are  you  proposing  extensions  now  on  the  Atlan- 
tic coast,  or  down  through  the  Middle  States  t 

Mr.  Bates.  We  have  thought  best  not  to  make  any  extensions  in 
that  direction  at  present.  The  points  I  have  already  spoken  of  will 
give  us  quite  enough  to  do,  at  least  for  the  remainder  of  this  year,  our 
purpose  being,  as  1  have  said  before,  to  provide  the  most  ample  &dli- 
ties  between  the  larger  places,  and  then  be  prepared  at  a  reasonably 
low  rate,  as  nearly  uniform  as  possible,  to  handle  the  very  largest 
!  amount  of  business  that  from  time  to  time  may  come  to  us. 

The  Chaibman.  What  wire  are  you  using  now  in  your  new  construc- 
r  tion  t 

]  Mr.  Bates.  We  are  using  up  to  this  time,  in  all  cases,  a  galvanized 

!  iron  wire,  such  as  all  other  telegraph  companies  use,  excepting,  I  think, 

one  which  is  a  combination  of  ccrpper  and  steel. , 

The  Chaibman.  Do  you  use  a  uniform  size  of* wire? 

Mr.  Bates.  We  are  using  for  the  through  circuits  what  is  known  as 
No.  6  gauge  wire,  550  pounds  to  the  mile,  and  for  the  way  circuits  No. 
8  gauge,  380  pounds  to  the  mile.  We  contemplate  using,  to  some  ex- 
tent at  least,  a  copper  wire  which  will  give  us  equal  conductivity  with 
perhaps  twenty-five  per  cent,  only  in  the  weight. 

The  Chairman.  Can  you  inform  the  committee  how  many  miles  of 
poles  you  have  in  your  lines  now  in  use  f 

Mr.  Bates.  I  cannot ;  but  I  will  be  able  to  give  you  that  information 
before  the  afternoon  has  passed. 

The  Chairman.  1  would  like  te  inquire  first  as  to  the  number  of 
miles  of  poles  and  then  as  to  the  number  of  miles  of  wire. 

Mr.  Bates.  We  have  in  the  neighborhood  of  25,000  miles  of  wire  now, 
and  we  are  providing  for  15,000  miles  more  this  year. 

The  Chairman.  Are  you  prepared  to  make  a  statement  as  to  what 


STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS.         123 

It  would  cost  to  construct  the  whole  of  your  lines  at  the  present  time, 
that  is  with  the  poles  and  the  wires  that  you  use  f 

Mr.  Bates.  That  question  is  a  very  difficult  one  to  answer.  I  can 
tell  yon  what  it  has  cost  to  build  a  system  nearly  as  large  as  ours  will 
be ;  but  in  undertaking  to  say  what  the  average  cx)st  has  l^en  generally, 
of  course  very  many  elements  enter  into  the  question  that  will  be  ob- 
vious. The  lines  of  the  American  Union  Telegraph  Company,  covering, 
generally  speaking,  the  same  area  that  I  have  already  indicated,  and 
aggregating  about  as  many  miles  of  wire  as  I  have  spoken  of,  cost 
$5,000,000  in  cash,  or  a  little  short  of  that.  That,  however,  did  not  in- 
clude any  important  telegraphic  patents,  some  of  which  are,  of  course, 
e&sential  for  telegraph  companies  to  use,  and  the  cost  of  which  is  vari- 
able. It  is  our  purpose  now  not  only  to  have  ample  wire  facilities,  but 
the  most  enlarged  scheme  of  equipment  of  the  most  approved  pattern 
that  is  possible  to  be  obtained.  What  the  cost  of  that  will  be,  of  cours^ 
I  cannot  tell. 

Senator  Wilson.  How  many  miles  of  pole  and  wire  were  included  in 
that  cost  of  $5,000,000. 

Mr.  Bates.  That  is  a  matter  of  record.  My  memory  is  not  very  good 
as  to  the  mileage  of  poles.  The  wire  mileage  was  between  30,000  and 
40,000. 

Senator  Wilson.  Can  j'ou  supply  the  data  to  the  committee  t 

Mr.  Bates.  The  actual  mileage  of  the  American  Union  when  pur- 
chased by  the  Western  Union  Company  in  January,  1881,  was  11,000 
miles  of  poles  and  48,000  miles  of  wire. 

The  Chairman.  You  stated,  I  believe,  that  you  were  building  a  line 
from  Chicago  to  La  Crosse  f 

Mr.  Bates.  From  Chicago  to  La  Crosse,  Saint  Paul  and  Minneapolis. 
I  f^tated  that  that  line  was  to  be  built  by  a  company  just  organized  who 
are  in  close  connection  with  us.  The  line  from  New  York  to  Boston 
we  are  immediately  engaged  in  building,  and  I  can  give  you  any  infor- 
mation about  that. 

The  Chaibbian.  I  suppose  that  would  be  one  of  the  most  expensive 
lines  to  build.  I  would  like  to  know,  in  the  first  place,  what  the  capacity 
of  that  line  is  to  be  as  to  the  number  of  wires. 

Mr.  Batks.  We  are  arranging  for  the  construction  between  New 
York  and  Boston  of  ten  wires  now,  with  pole  facilities  so  arranged  that 
at  least  twelve  more  may  be  added. 

The  Chaibman.  You  have  poles  that  will  carry  over  twenty  wires T 

Mr.  Bates.  Yes,  sir.  Thatliue,  all  told,  will  cost  us,  including  muni- 
cipal rights,  submarine  and  underground  cables,  about  $250,000  to 
$300,000,  for  the  first  six  wires  which  we  will  erect.  The  remaining 
wires  will  cost  per  mile  each  about  one  hundred  dollars  in  round  num- 
bers. 

The  Chairman.  I  do  not  exactly  understand  your  answer.  What 
will  be  the  cost  with  six  wires. 

Mr.  Bates.  Two  hundred  and  fifty  to  three  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars. 

The  Chairman.  How  many  miles. 

Mr.  Bates.  It  is  about  250  miles ;  I  cannot  tell  exactly.  The  rail- 
road distance  is  a  little  shorter  than  that.  The  telegraph  distance  is 
greater  because  we  have  to  avoid  the  streams  and  other  telegraph  lines. 

Senator  Wilson.  In  your  statement  relative  to  the  cost  of  the  Ameri- 
can Union  do  you  include  the  cost  of  equipment  and  everything  com- 
plete as  the  line  stood  within  the  aggregate  cost  of  $5,000,000.  Do  you 
mean  the  completed  lines,  including  all  items  of  cost  T 


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124         STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO   OFFICIALS. 

Mr.  Bates.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Wilson.  The  instnunents  and  everything  of  the  kindt 

Mr.  Bates.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  In  building  your  Western  lines,  are  you  able  to  state 
the  cost  of  construction  f  Take,  for  instance,  the  line  that  yon  have  re- 
ferred to  from  Chicago  to  La  Crosse. 

Mr.  Bates.  The  line  from  Chicago  to  Saint  Paul  and  Minneapolis, 
by  way  of  La  Crosse  will  be  built  immediately  with  four  wires,  and  viU 
be  so  arranged  as  to  the  size  of  poles  and  their  manner  of  setting  as  to 
accommodate  eight  more  at  least. 

The  Chairman.  Twelve  in  all. 

Mr.  Bates.  Twelve  in  all.  That  line  will  cost,  with  four  wii-es,  I  sup- 
pose, fifty  per  cent,  less  i>er  mile  of  distance  than  the  Boston  line. 

The  Chairman.  That  would  make  it  about  five  hundred  dollars  a 
mile. 
♦  Mr.  Bates.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  Now,  in  regard  to  your  contracts.  In  making  a  con- 
tract for  poles,  you  specify  some  particular  kind  of  wood  and  some  par- 
ticular size,  do  you  not! 

Mr.  Bates.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  Have  you  the  details  in  your  mind  f 

Mr.  Bates.  Taking  the  Boston  line  as  an  example,  chestnut  is  the 
timber  we  use  there.  The  length  of  pole  is  thirty  feet,  and  the  diameter 
at  the  small  end,  barked,  seven  inches. 

The  Chairman.  Thifty  feet  above  ground! 

Mr.  Bates.  No,  sir ;  thirty  feet  in  length  before  setting ;  seven  in- 
ches in  diameter  at  the  small  end,  barked,  and  straight  and  free  of 
knots. 

The  Chairman.  That  is  for  a  line  which  is  intended  to  carry  twenty- 
three  wires  f 

Mr.  Bates.  Yes,  sir.  They  are  set  from  five  to  six  feet  in  the  ground, 
and  are  put  thirty-live  or  foity  to  the  mile  in  the  country ;  in  cities  fifty. 
Larger  poles  are  necessary  at  road  crossings  and  through  cities  and 
towns  where  we  have  to  cross  other  telegraph  lines  or  avoid  buildings. 

The  Chairman.  What  kind  of  poles  do  you  specify  for  your  Western 
lines  f 

Mr.  Bates.  Cedar  or  chestnut.  They  will  be  twenty-five  feet  long 
and  six  inches  at  the  top  for  the  principal  part  of  the  line,  the  larger 
poles,  of  course,  for  cities  and  diflBcult  places. 

The  Chairman.  And  you  will  use  No.  6  wire  in, all  these  cases! 

Mr.  Bates.  For  through  circuits ;  No.  8  for  way  circuits. 

Mr.CowEN.  As  this  hearing  has  assumed  a  conversational  form,  allow 
me  to  speak  in  regard  to  two  questions  addressed  to  Mr.  Bates,  one  a 
question  of  fact  and  the  other  a  question  of  law.  I  would  like  to  make 
a  simple  statement.  I  refer  first  to  the  question  as  to  the  occupancy  of 
post-roads  under  the  act  of  1866.  I  do  not  understand  that  any  telegraph 
company  that  has  accepted  the  act  of  Congress  of  1866  can  occupy  a 
railroad  route  without  the  consent  of  the  owning  company.  It  was  so 
decided  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in  the  Pensacola 
Telegraph  case,  to  which  Mr.  Bates  referred.  Mr.  Bates  spoke  of  a  case 
against  the  Wabash  Eailroad  Company.  It  was  a  case  in  which  the 
Wabash  Eailroad  Company  permitted  the  American  Union  to  occupy  the 
post-road  when  the  Western  Union  was  endeavoring  to  prevent  them, 
on  the  ground  of  its  having  an  exclusive  contract  with  the  railway  com- 
pany for  telegraphic  privileges  upon  its  right  of  way.  The  court  held 
(and  I  believe  all  others  have  so  held  elsewhere;  we  have  had  sevenil 


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STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS.         125 

cases  of  our  own)  that  the  act  of  Congi*e88  made  the  post-roads  free  to 
telegraph  companies  for  occupancy  with  the  assent  of  the  owners ;  and 
the  railway  compaijy  having  assented  to  the  occupancy  by  the  Ameri- 
can Union  Company,  that  the  exclusive  contract  was  null  and  void. 

The  other  question  is  the  question  of  fact  in  regard  to  the  cost  of  rights 
of  way  along  railroads.  I  think  1  may  state  a  single  instance  to  illus- 
trate what  it  may  be.  It  may  be  variable  and  it  may  be  v^ry  great.  I 
venture  to  say  that  the  American  Union,  for  its  simple  right  to  locate 
its  poles  and  wires  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  pays  an  annual  sum 
which  if  capitalized  would  equal  the  entire  cost  of  its  line  on  that  road. 
That  is  what  it  costs  to  get  railroad  privileges. 

Again,  with  regard  to  the  question  put  by  the  chairman  in  regard  to 
the  occupancy  of  streets  and  public  highways  on  the  ground  that  under 
the  act  of  Congress  they  are  post-roads,  and  that  thus  free  right  of  way 
is  secured  for  telegi-aph  companies.  I  do  not  know  any  case  where  that 
has  been  asserted,  although  I  know  it  has  been  claimed  by  the  telegraph 
companies  when  they  wanted  to  get  the  privileges.  I  suggest  first  that 
the  act  of  Congress  does  not  make  all  public  highways  post-roads.  That 
is  my  general  recollection.  I  think  there  is  an  act  pending  to  that 
effect. 

The  Chairman.  That  is  true.  I  was  only  speaking  of  those  routes 
which  have  been  declared  highways.  All  railroads  have  been  so  de- 
clared. 

Mr.  CowEN.  The  second  point  about  that,  I  should  suppose,  would 
be  that  it  would  certainly  appear  to  be  a  pretty  great  stretch  of  power 
to  authorize  the  location  of  telegraph  lines  in  the  highways  of  a  city, 
free  from  city,  State,  or  local  control. 

Senator  Wilson.  You  spoke  of  the  cost  of  railway  privileges.  What 
do  you  include  in  the  term  f 

Mr.  CowEN.  Simply  the  right  to  locate  the  poles  and  wires  on  the 
line  of  road.  They  get  certain  rates,  generally  about  half  rates,  for  the 
transportation  of  material ;  but  I  refer  simply  to  the  right  to  locate  the 
lines  on  the  road.  One  of  the  advantages,  as  I  suppose  has  already 
been  stated  to  the  committee,  is  that  the  policing  of  a  telegraph  line 
located  on  r-^ilroads  is  easy  and  perfect,  while  on  a  highway  it  is  much 
more  difficult.  You  can  send  your  man  on  a  train  and  he  can  see  the 
wires  as  he  passes  along,  as  Mr.  Bates  or  any  of  these  practical  telegraph 
men  will  tell  you ;  and  therefore  they  are  willing  to  pay  a  high  rate  to 
get  their  lines  on  railroads. 

Senator  Wilson.  Are  there  any  instances  of  the  construction  of  lines 
along  the  routeof  railroads  but  beyond  the  right  of  way  belonging  to  the 
railroad  f 

Mr.  CowEN.  I  know  of  one  instance. 

Senator  Wilson.  Had  difficulties  occurred  in  obtaining  the  right  of 
way  in  that  instance  f 

Mr.  CowEN.  A  great  deal  of  difficulty.  We  have  had  considerable 
difficulty.  We  have  had  to  pay  men  from  $5  to  $100  for  the  right  of 
way. 

The  Chairman.  That  is,  for  the  privilege  of  placing  poles  upon  pri- 
vate property. 

Mr.  CowEN.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  Is  there  any  instance  in  which  a  telegraph  company, 
desiring  to  enter  a  town  with  their  wires,  have  been  prevented  from  do- 
ing so  unless  they  pay  for  the  right  of  way  f 

Mr.  CowEN.  I  cannot  say  in  regard  to  that.  The  general  method  is, 
in  cities,  to  give  the  privilege  for  a  telegraph  tompany  of  putting  up  its 


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126         STATEMENTS   OF  BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO   OFFICIAUS. 

wires  on  the  street  on  conditicti  that  the  company  will  accord  to  the 
city  certain  privileges.  For  instance,  the  fire  alarms  and  other  telegraph 
wires  for  city  use  are  to  be  provided  for^  and  there  has  also  been,  as  in 
Philadelphia,  a  certain  license  fee  required,  of  so  muob  a  pole ;  bat  that 
is  not  usual.  I  know  of  no  other  charge  for  the  rignt  of  way  in  cities, 
as  far  as  corporations  are  concerned,  except  subjecting  the  poles  to  the 
burden  of  maintaining  certain  city  telegraph  wires. 

Senator  Wilson.  Why  was  the  line  you  spoke  of  constructed  beyond 
the  railroad  right  of  way  rather  than  upon  it  t 

Mr.  OowEN.  The  particular  instance  that  I  have  in  mind  is  the  Ohio 
and  Mississippi  line  which  we  constructed.  The  Western  Union  had  an 
exclusive  contract  with  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Eailroad  Company.  At 
that  time,  the  receiver  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  road  was  an  officer  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  road,  and  we  did  not  think,  as  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  telegraph  wa^s  going  to  be  run  there,  and  aa  he  was  the  receiver  of  the 
company,  that  it  would  be  exactly  the  thing  for  us  to  ask  the  court  to 
order  a  contract  with  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Telegraph  Company,  when 
its  own  officer  happened  to  be  the  receiver,  and  when  we  were  coming 
in  conflict  with  the  Western  Union ;  although  we  had  no  doubt  as  to  the 
power  of  the  receiver  to  make  such  a  contract  under  the  order  of  the 
court.  Hence  the  line  was  built  outside  of  the  right'  of  way,  and  it  was 
pretty  expensive,  too. 

Senator  Wilson.  Would  you  have  preferred  to  have  constructed  it 
on  the  railroad  right  of  way  had  not  that  incident  appeared  in  the  case ! 

Mr.CowBN.  We  would  have  much  preferred  to  have  constructed  it 
on  the  railroad  right  of  way  and  paid  considerable  for  the  privilege  of 
doing  so. 

Senator  Wilson.  Why  would  you  have  preferred  to  have  paid  an 
increased  sum  for  that  privilege  f 

Mr.  Co  WEN.  Simply  because,  as  I  have  said,  the  policing  of  it  would 
be  considerably  easier. 

Senator  Wilson.  Suppose  the  line  were  constructed  immediately 
along  the  boundary  of  the  right  of  way;  why  would  your  police  advan- 
tages be  better  in  that  instance  than  in  the  other  t 

Mr.  CowEN.  They  would  not  be  better  if  you  could  get  precisely  along 
the  right  of  way  and  just  outside  of  it;  but  in  so  many  cases  yon  are 
compelled  by  the  forest  and  intervening  obstacles  to  leave  the  roadway 
for  some  little  distance;  that  that  is  where  the  diftierence  comes  in. 

Take,  as  an  illustration,  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
road  wnen  it  was  first  built,  through  even  as  thickly  populated  a  State 
as  Ohio.  There  would  be  stretches  of  ten,  twelve  and  fifteen  miles 
where  it  would  not  be  possible  to  construct  a  telegraph  line  immediately 
adjoining  the  roadway  of  the  company  on  account  of  the  forests.  Hence 
it  was  necessary  to  make  long  detours  before  coming  back  to  the  rail- 
road. That  we  had  to  do  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  road,  even  in  a 
pretty  thickly  populated  country,  as  you  all  know. 

The  Chairman.  You  have  stated  that  in  your  opinion  a  company 
organized  to  build  telegraph  lines  and  accepting  the  provisions  of  the 
act  of  1866  cannot  construct  their  lines  alon^  Uie  line  of  any  rsulroad 
company  without  the  consent  of  the  company  I 

Mr.  CovTEN.  I  so  understand  it,  and  that  is  the  law  I  have  no  doubt 
It  would  be  an  appropriation  at  once  of  the  private  property  of  a  rail- 
road company  already  appropriated  to  a  public  use  to  another  public  use 
if  this  were  not  so.  I  have  no  doubt  of  the  power  of  a  State  or  of  Con- 
gress to  authorize  such  appropriation  upon  compensation  being  made. 


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STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMOBE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS.         127 

Senator  Wilson.  Bat  that  could  only  be  done  by  purchase  or  con- 
demnation f 

Mr.  GowEN.  Yes,  sir.  For  example,  the  only  reason  for  constructing 
a  line  to  Boston  on  the  highway  is  the  fact  that  the  State  legislation  is 
not  sufficiently  perfect  in  certain  of  tiie  states  through  which  the  line 
passes  to  authorize  such  condemnation.  You  are  aware  that  several  of 
the  States  do  authorize  telegraph  companies  to  condemn  rights  of  way 
along  railroads  and  elsewhere.  Other  States  do  not  give  any  power  of 
condemnation  such  as  there  is  in  some  of  the  States  through  which  the 
Boston  line  passes. 

The  Chaibman.  It  is  plain  that  if  companies  should  assume  the  right 
to  construct  lines  along  a  railroad  they  would  have  to  avoid  any  inter- 
ference with  other  lines  or  in  any  way  obstructing  the  business  of  the 
railroad. 

Mr.  CovTBN.  Yes. 

The  Chairman.  But  I  do  not  understand  that  they  must  get  the  con- 
sent of  the  railroad  company  before  they  can  construct  their  lines. 

Mr.  CowEN.  I  beg  your  pardon,  but  an  examination  of  the  Pensacola 
telegraph  case  will,  I  think,  convince  the  committee  on  that  point.  I 
am  free  to  say  that  I  hope  your  construction  of  the  law  is  correct,  be- 
cause I  would  like  to  put  it  in  force  in  the  next  week. 

Mr.  Oabbett.  It  might  be  well  to  state  further  in  the  case  cited 
that  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  were  put  to  an  enormous  ex- 
pense in  having  its  poles  distributed  by  the  country  roads.  The  diffi- 
culty of  delivering  poles  at  proper  points,  added  to  the  other  disad- 
vantages, was  such  that  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  would  have 
much  preferred  to  have  paid  a  large  sum  for  the  right  of  way  along  the 
railroad. 

Mr.  Bates.  If  you  have  finished  with  Mr.  Cowen  I  would  like  to 
make  an  additional  statement.  With  reference  to  the  payment  or  agree- 
ment to  make  payment  on  the  part  of  the  American  Union  Telegraph 
Company,  for  its  line,  covered  in  the  gross  amount  of  $5,000,000,  that  I 
have  spoken  of,  there  was  a  very  large  sum  to  be  paid  every  year  in 
cash  to  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  the  Pennsylvania  Com- 
pany, and  to  the  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  and  Saint  Louis  Railroad  Com- 
pany. There  was  in  addition  a  large  outlay  every  year  to  be  made  to 
furnish  telegraphic  facilities  to  the  Wabash  Railroad  Company,  and  to 
other  companies  upon  whose  rights  of  way  the  American  Union  lines 
were  built.  The  entire  sum  thus  to  be  paid  by  the  American  Union  in 
cash  and  in  telegraphic  service  was,  as  I  now  estimate,  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  $150,000  or  $200,000  a  year. 

Now,  on  the  point  spoken  of,  as  to  the  rights  of  a  telegraph  company 
having  accepted  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  of  1866,  to  which 
reference  has  been  made.  I  have  had  to  do  with  the  Atlantic  and  Paci- 
fic Telegraph  Company,  the  American  Union  Telegraph  Company,  and 
more  recently  with  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Telegraph  Company,  in  un- 
dertaking to  secure  rights  of  way  for  our  lines  and  the  lines  of  the  other 
companies  I  have  named  under  that  act.  In  no  case,  so  far  as  I  now 
remember,  have  I  ever  succeeded  in  obtaining  rights  of  way  under  the  act 
of  Congress  upon  railroads  except  with  the  consent  of  the  railroad  com- 
pany— confirming  Mr.  Cowen's  recollection.  Were  there  a  provision  in 
the  act  of  Congress  referred  to  for  condemnation  and  for  occupancy  in 
advance  of  payment  it  would  enable  telegraph  companies  generally  to 
extend  their  lines  at  much  less  cost,  and,  of  course,  with  infinitely  less 
difficulty. 

On  the  point  of  building  lines  along  railroad  routes  but  on  the  private 


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128         STATEMENTS    OF   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO    OFFICIALS. 

property  adjoining  the  strip  of  railroad  laud,  most  of  the  diffiealt.v  up 
to  this  time  in  that  direction  has  come  from  the  opposition  ot  telegraph 
companies  already  having  contracts  with  the  railroad  comp<iiiie8  of  an 
exclusive  character,  and  which  provide,  as  Mr.  Go  wen  ha8  said,  that 
no  distribution  of  ]K)Iesand  material  shall  be  made  by  the  railroad  com- 
panies.   Those  are  t^he  two  difficulties. 

Senator  Wilson.  Let  me  understand  more  definitely  that  stateroeut. 
You  mean  that  we  shall  understand  that  there  are  arraufjeinentH  or  con- 
tracts between  telegraph  companies  and  railroad  compani^^s  to  the  efi'ect 
that  the  railroad  companies  along  whose  roails  the  telegraph  lines  are 
constructed  shall  not  transport  or  distribute  material  for  other  telegraph 
companies? 

Mr.  Bates.  There  is  such  a  clause  in  the  majority  of  the  We^teni 
Union  contracts,  if  not  in  all  of  them. 

Mr.  HiTBBARD.  I  understand  that  the  reason  the  American  Union 
Company  paid  so  much  money  to  the  Pennsylvania  and  other  railroads 
wa«  in  consequence  of  the  competition  that  at  that  time  existed  between 
the  Western  Union  and  the  American  Union.  They  were  each  com- 
peting with  the  other  for  that  right  of  way,  and  finally  the  American 
Union  bid  higher  than  the  Western  Union,  and  so  obtained  it. 

Mr.  Bates.  Generally  speaking,  that  is  so;  although  the  Western 
Union  Company  was  privileged  to  accept  of  the  same  conditions  if  it 
had  chosen  to  do  so. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  That  I  understand;  but  they  declined,  thinking  it 
was  too  much. 

Mr.  Bates.  In  other  words,  the  contract  was  not  exclusive. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  It  wa«  not  exclusive,  but  it  was  offered  to  the  West- 
ern Union,  and  they  said  it  was  too  high  a  price,  and  declined  to  accept 
it,  and  thereupon  Mr.  Gould  accepted  it  for  the  American  Union. 

Mr.  CoWEN.  It  might  be  well  to  state  in  regard  to  the  exclusive  tele- 
graph and  railroad  contracts  that  the  contracts  in  regard  to  the  dis- 
tribution of  poles  do  not  as  a  rule  provide  that  there  shall  be  no  distri- 
bution for  any  other  telegraph  company,  but  that  they  Shall  only  haul 
poles  between  stations  at  regular  local  rates  for  like  material,  and  that, 
of  course,  amounts  practically  to  a  prevention  of  the  distribution,  because, 
as  you  all  know,  they  are  distributed  from  the  cars  along  the  line  of  the 
road. 

Senator  Wilson.  They  agree  to  do  that  only  for  the  telegraph  line 
with  which  they  make  the  exclusive  contract! 

Mr.  CowEN.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Wilson.  They  enter  into  an  agreement  with  one  telegraph 
company  to  do  that  service  exclusively! 

Mr.  CowEN.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Wilson.  Do  you  think  they  can  refuse  to  do  it  for  another! 

Mr.  CowEN.  I  have  not  the  slightest  idea  that  they  can. 

Mr.  Bates.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  they  have  done  so  very  often. 

Mr.  CoWEN.  They  do  do  it.  They  cause  immense  trouble  in  that 
way. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  can  very  well  see  how  trouble  and  delay  and  in- 
convenience might  arise  out  of  it ;  but  as  to  the  question  of  legal  power, 
I  am  not  certain. 

Mr.  CowBN.  I  do  not  think  they  have  the  power.  I  think  by  reading 
the  decision  in  full  you  will  find  that  it  construes  the  act  of  Congress 
only  to  authorize  the  occupancy  with  the  consent  of  the  owner  of  the 
post-road. 

Senator  Jackson.  Except  as  to  Government  land. 


STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO   OFFICIALS.         129 

Mr.  GoWEN.  The  only  land  that  they  can  go  over  without  the  consent 
of  the  owner  is  public  property. 

Senator  Wilson.  The  Oovemment  being  the  owner  of  that,  it  would 
be  held  that  the  act  of  Congress  gave  the  consent. 

Mr.  GowBN.  It  does  give  consent  in  express  terms. 

Mr.  Bates.  Perhaps  I  can  give  yon  a  little  information  with  refer- 
ence to  the  Pensacola  case  that  will  throw  some  light  upon  the  in- 
quiry. My  recollection  of  that  case  is  that  the  State  of  Florida  had 
granted  an  exclusive  charter  for  public  telegraph  business  to  the  Pen- 
sacola Telegraph  Company,  within  certain  parts  of  the  State,  and  the 
Western  Union  Company  having  made  arrangements  with  a  railroad 
company  having  the  right  of  way  through  that  State  and  through  the 
counties  which  this  exclusive  grant  covered,  undertook  to  enforce  the 
act  of  Congress  as  against  the  will  of  the  State  of  Florida.  The  suit  was 
decided  in  favor  of  the  United  States  act,  but  you  will  bear  in  mind  it 
still  required  the  consent  of  the  railroad  company  to  have  its  particular 
right  of  way  occupied.  The  same  was  true  also  in  reference  to  the  oc- 
cupation by  the  American  Union  Company,  of  the  right  of  way  of  the 
Wabash  Eailroad,  and  of  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago 
Railroad,  and  of  a  number  of  other  roads.  The  railroad  companies  hav- 
ing already  granted  to  the  telegraph  company  under  the  condition  of 
large  payments,  as  I  have  already  indicated,  the  right  to  build  their 
line,  then  it  became  a  question  for  the  American  Union  Company  to 
avaU  of  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress,  even  with  that  consent,  as 
against  the  exclusive  conditions  claimed  by  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany, and  those  exclusive  conditions  were  broken  down  by  Justice  Har- 
lan's decision,  as  also  in  the  Pensacola  case,  which  in  that  case,  however, 
was  in  favor  of  the  Western  Union  Company,  the  plaintiff*. 

Mr.  Gabbett.  Mr.  Chairman,  referring  to  the  statement  of  Mr.  Bates, 
I  would  like  to  call  the  attention  of  the  committee  particularly  to  these 
fects :  That  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  has  already  expended  a 
very  large  sum  of  money  in  the  acquisition  of  certain  lines,  chiefly 
within  the  past  two  weeks,  in  addition  to  other  large  ^ums  previously 
expended:  that,  the  time  being  somewhat  favorable,  it  has  seen  fit  to 
contract  tor  Iwrge  quantities  of  material,  notably  wire,  which  perhaps 
^n  be  bought  to-day  at  cheaper  rates  than  I  have  ever  known  it  to  be 
quoted  at  before;  that  it  has  also  entered  into  certain  contract  obliga- 
tions in  reference  to  the  building  of  additional  lines  to  perfect  its  system, 
and  that  therefore  the  action  of  the  Oovemment  becomes  a  very  grave 
question  with  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company.  I  take  it,  the  chief 
difficulty  that  the  committee  and  the  Government  will  have  in  consider- 
ing this  subject  is  in  reference  to  what  has  followed  in  previous  cases, 
namely,  consolidation.  So  far  as  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  road  is  con- 
cerned, we  might  point  to  the  general  policy  of  that  company }  to  the 
fact  that  in  1873  we  establish^  the  express  business,  throwing  the 
Adams  Express  Company  from  our  road,  upon  the  theory  that  if  there 
was  money  in  the  business  the  railroad  company  had  better  make  it  for 
its  shareholders  than  permit  a  foreign  corporation  to  absorb  it.  In  the 
year  1884  you  find  that  express  still  in  operation,  notwithstanding  the 
predictions  which  were  made  as  to  a  fusion  with  the  other  express  com- 
panies, and  that  it  is  being  operated  satisfactorily,  I  believe,  to  the  pub- 
lic ;  certainly  to  the  railroad  company.  In  addition  to  that  we  threw 
the  Pullman  Company  off  our  line  some  years  ago,  and  initiated  our  own 
sleeping-car  service.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  is  still  operating 
an  independent  sleeping-ear  system,  and  whatever  profits  attadi  to  the 
operation  of  that  system  go  to  the  shareholders  of  the  .company.  It 
S.  Rep.  577,  pt.  2 ^9 


130         STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO    OPP1CIAL.8. 

also  decided  to  throw  the  Western  Union  Company  from  its  lines  and  has 
determined  to  maintain  an  independent  telegraph  system.  The  point, 
it  Heems  to  me  is,  how  can  we  satisfy  this  committee  that  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Company  is  in  earnest  in  the  course  which  it  has  mapped  ont! 
Certainly  it  will  be  admitted  that  the  company  has  expended  a  very  large 
sum  of  money  and  that  it  must  have  some  purpose  in  making  that  large 
expenditure.  It  has  taken  a  certain  lisk — because  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Company  does  not  wish  to  see  the  Government  become  its  competi- 
tor in  the  telegraph  business.  Hence  our  suggestion  as  to  this  confer- 
ence. We  are  very  anxious  to  learn  the  views  of  the  committee  and  very 
anxious  to  be  able  to  judge  in  some  respect  at  least  as  to  what  is  likely 
to  be  the  course  of  Congress.  Without  making  any  committal,  we  wonld 
like  to  have  the  views  of  the  committee  as  to  an  arrangement  of  this  sort: 
The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  has  entered  into  contracts  and  is  go- 
ing on  with  the  construction  of  its  telegraph  lines  in  various  directions. 
Suppose  we  go  on  with  the  understanding,  if  it  could  be  arrived  at, 
that  in  case  the  Government  should  decide  to  operate  a  telegraph  sys- 
tem— and  it  would  have  the  effect  of  saving  time — that  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Company  should  agree  to  turn  over  its  lines  at  cost,  being 
pro})erly  remunerated  for  rights  of  way  such  as  those  you  have  heard 
referred  to  this  morning.  Suppose  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company 
should  say  that  it  is  peiiectly  willing  to  go  on  with  these  lines  witboot 
delay  so  as  to  give  the  public  the  benefit  of  competition,  and  submit  the 
question  of  fair  remuneration  for  its  lines  to  a  commission  which  shoold 
be  appointed  by  Congress.  I  will  say  further  that  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Company  is  prepared  to  enter  into  contract  with  the  Post-Office 
Department  for  the  transaction  of  its  business.  It  has  occurred  to  os 
that  by  embracing  the  post-offices  in  ditferent  sections  of  the  country, 
some  plan  might  be  devised  which  would  enable  us  to  transact  the  busi- 
ness of  the  public  satisfactorily  and  at  the  same  time  enable  us  to  real- 
ize a  fair  profit.  We  believe  that  with  a  system  which  has  been  charged 
up  to  expense  account  (for  that  is  the  method  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Company),  standing  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  with  the  expenditure  of 
$3,000,000  we  will  reach  the  territory  from  which  the  Western  Union 
Company  derives  76  per  cent,  of  its  total  revenue.  Therefore  we  think 
(and  1  would  suggest  it  to  the  committee),  that  if  it  should  decide  that 
the  telegraph  business  can  continue  to  be  transacted  by  outside  com- 
panies, the  Government  might  open  it  up  to  competition  and  let  us  be 
bidders  as  against  the  Western  Union  or  any  other  company. 

Senator  Jackson.  Have  you  examined  the  provisions  of  the  bill  in- 
troduced by  Senator  Dawes  looking  to  the  Post-Office  Department  con- 
tracting with  telegraph  companies  for  the  transmission  of  news  under 
the  postal  system  f 

Mr.  Gabbett.  I  have  not;  but  I  think  Mr.  Co  wen  has. 

Mr.  CowEN.  I  have  not. 

Mr.  Gareett.  The  question  of  Government  interference  with  tele- 
graph business  is  a  very  grave  and  a  very  serious  one  for  us,  and  what 
we  wish  to  do  is  to  endeavor  to  meet  the  views  of  the  public  and  of  this 
committee. 

Senator  Wilson.  Suppose  the  committee  could  not  come  to  a  con- 
clusion such  as  you  suggest.  •  Still  your  position  would  involve  the 
question  of  good  faith  toward  the  public  which  you  have  made.  What 
assurance  could  we  have  that,  having  been  unable  to  reach  a  conclusion, 
at  some  time  in  the  future,  perhaps  not  very  far  distant,  there  might 
not  be  a  pooling  or  combination  arrangement  made  between  you  and 


STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE    AND   OHIO    OFFICIALS.  131 

the  WesterD  UdIod  t  I  only  speak  of  that  as  a  condition  of  the  case 
\irhich  is  a  possibility. 

Mr.  Gaebett.  Under  the  arrangement  suggested,  the  Government 
would  reserve  the  power  to  take  these  lines  at  a  rate  to  be  fixed  by  a 
commission,  which  would  practically  leave  the  matter  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  Government. 

Senator  Wilson.  Yes;  but  I  am  speaking  now  from  the  standpoint 
of  inability  to  arrive  at  that  conclusion,  and,  owing  to  such  inability, 
leaving  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  and  the  Western  Union  and 
all  others  just  as  they  now  are.  What  assurance  can  you  give  that  the 
thing  which  has  been  done  heretofore  will  not  happen  again,  namely, 
consolidation  t 

Mr.  Gabbett.  That  may  be  a  di£Qicult  question  and  it  is  one  that  we 
would  like  to  hear  the  views  of  the  committee  upon.  As  I  said  before, 
I  can  only  point  to  the  general  policy  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Bail- 
road  Company,  and  to  the  predictions  that  were  made  by  the  express 
people  and  the  sleeping-car  people  at  the  time  we  undertook  our  inde- 
pendent systems  of  express  and  sleeping-cars.  How  can  we  satisfy  the 
committee  as  to  the  fact  that  the  service  will  be  peribrmed  at  such  rat^ 
as  will  be  satisfactory  to  the  public  t  We  might  say  that  we  are  willing 
to  accept  certain  rates  which  have  already  been  fix^  by  the  Postmaster- 
General,  and  possibly  that  might  meet  the  views  of  the  committee. 

The  Chaibman.  I  have  a  very  great  respect  for  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad  Company.  It  is  a  sound,  conservative  institution,  man- 
aged on  business  principles.  I  think  it  is  one  of  the  soundest  and  best 
corporations  we  have  in  the  country.  But  the  men  who  manage  that 
corporation  have  the  same  object  in  view  that  all  other  corporations 
have,  in  making  all  the  money  that  it  is  possible  to  make.  They  are  not 
looking  to  the  public  interests.  They  serve  the  public  interests  just  so 
far  as  they  can  be  made  instrumentalities  in  benefiting  their  own  in- 
terests. They  will  reduce  rates  if  they  find  it  more  profitable  to  carry 
for  a  lower  rate  than  a  higher  rate;  but  everything  turns  upon  the  in- 
terests of  the  stockholders  and  not  upon  the  interests  of  the  public. 
Whenever  it  can  be  shown  that  the  corporation  can  make  more  money 
by  consolidating  its  lines  with  the  Western  Union  they  will  consolidate. 
It  is  in  the  interests  of  the  stockholders,  and  I  take  it  that  no  matter 
what  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  may  do  now,  in  the  end  it  will 
result  in  the  same  thing— consolidation,  for  the  reason  that  by  combina- 
tion greater  profits  will  result  than  can  come  from  competition. 

Mr.  Gabbett.  We  take  a  very  different  view  of  the  case,  and  I  take  is- 
sue with  3'ou  on  that  point.  We  have  a  theory  that  by  building  these 
lines  for  cash  and  serving  the  public  at  rates  which  may  be  fixed  by  a 
commission,  or  in  such  form  as  may  be  decided  to  be  wisest  and  best, 
later  on,  we  can  make  greater  revenues  for  our  shareholders  than  we  can 
in  any  other  way.  We  think  the  day  for  consolidation  is  over  with  tele- 
graph lines.  I  might  say  further  that  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company 
is  compelled  to  maintain  a  telegraph  line  for  the  transaction  of  its  rail- 
road business.  The  only  incentive  for  our  going  into  the  telegraph 
business  is  that  we  have  a  large  plant;  we  have  expended  a  l^*ge  sum 
of  money  in  establishing  lines  necessary  to  transact  railroad  business, 
and  we  have  supplemented  those  lines  by  building  additional  lines  to 
the  leading  points  Irom  which  the  business  of  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany is  derived,  and  we  can  make  our  lines  still  more  profitable.  We 
happen  to  be  in  such  a  position  at  this  time  that  we  are  willing  to  ex- 
pend money  in  that  way. 

When  Gould  came  to  us  and  asked  for  the  use  of  our  lines  in  organ- 


1 


i 


132         STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE  AND  OHIO    OFFICIAUB. 

izisg  a  competitor  to  the  Wci^tern  XTnioD,  be  represented  th^t  the  stock 
of  that  GompaDy  was  largely  watered.  I  believe  at  that  time  it  had 
made  some  fifty-five  consolidations,  or  thereabouts.  I  am  not  sure  that 
I  am  correct  in  my  figures.  The  Atlantic  and  Pacific  was  a  great  soe- 
^  cess,  but  after  it  was  put  in  operation  and  consolidated  Mr.  Gould  said 

It  that  he  was  mistaken  as  to  the  value  of  the  line  and  wished  to  make 

another  arrangement,  threatening  that  if  we  did  not  make  it  be  would 
parallel  our  lines.  As  wo  were  not  prepared  to  enter  largely  upon  the 
telegraph  business  at  that  time,  we  said,  ^^  Yes;  give  us  au  exclusive 
contract  to  send  all  your  business  over  our  lines,  and  we  will  give  yoa 
facilities  and  wiU  make  whatever  revenue  there  is  in  the  business.^  Mr. 
Gould  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  lines  were 
inferior  in  quality ;  that  they  had  been  constructed  largely  on  turnpikes, 
and  that  it  was  not  a  desirable  property,  and  he  sold  it  to  the  Westeni 
Union  Company.  Then  he  came  to  us  again  and  said  "  We  have  made  a 
mistake.  We  will  start  the  American  Union  Telegraph  Company  as  a 
competitor  to  the  Western  Union  Company,"  which,  if  weak,  when  the 
i|  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company  was  started,  was  made  much  more  vulner 

eble  b3'  the  consolidation  on  Mr.  Gould's  theory,  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
having  cost  about  a  million,  and  having  been  purchased  by  the  Westeni 
Union  for  $9,000,000.  We  did  enter  into  a  similar  compact,  but  pro- 
vided in  that  connection  that  should  there  be  an  amalgamation  of  the 
American  Union  we  could  withdraw  from  the  agreement.  The  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  Company  was  obviously  opposed  to  the  amalgamation  of 
the  American  Union  with  the  Western  Union,  for  the  reason  that  it  was 
dependent  ui)on  the  business  which  the  A  merican  Union,  as  a  competit<ff 
of  the  Western  Union,  brought  it,  and  which  had  been  gradually  increas- 
ing up  to  the  period  of  amalgamation ;  but  the  moment  the  competition 
ceased,  the  Western  Union  began  to  close  the  offices  of  the  American 
Union,  and  hence  the  business  which  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  had  been 
securing  and  which  was  just  beginning  to  be  profitable  was  cut  off. 

The  very  moment  it  became  possible  for  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  to 
spend  money  to  build  telegraph  lines,  that  moment  it  commenced  to 
compete.  We  have  surrounded  ourselves  with  the  best  telegraph  tal- 
ent in  the  country.  We  have  not  only  drawn  largely  from  the  Western 
Union  but  we  have  secured  talent  from  other  sources,  and  are  still  se- 
curing it.  Kow,  we  are  willing  to  make  any  reasonable  agreement  witJi 
the  Government  that  can  be  suggested,  and  we  would  like  to  have  the 
views  of  the  committee  as  to  how  best  we  can  satisfy  the  desires  of  the 
public  and  the  desires  of  Congress. 

The  Chairman.  On  the  supposition  that  you  can  make  ho  arrange- 
ment with  the  Government,  there  will  be  a  time,  after  your  lines  are 
built  and  extended  generally  through  the  countiy,  when  you  will  be- 
come a  formidable  competitor  to  the  Western  O^nion.  Then  it  will  be 
for  the  interests  of  the  Western  Union  to  offer  you  two,  three,  four,  or 
five  times  what  your  lines  are  worth,  as  they  have  repeatedly  done  be- 
fore with  other  properties,  rather  than  allow  you  to  compete  with  tiiem 
for  the  business.  When  that  point  is  reached  what  will  prevent  yoa 
from  accepting  the  proposition  t 

Mr.  Gabbett.  We  have  no  objection  to  giving  a  guarantee  on  that 
subject,  if  you  can  point  out  to  us  any  feasible  manner  in  which  such 
a  guarantee  can  be  given. 

Senator  Wilson.  What  would  be  your  inclination  towards  this  aspect 
of  the  case  t  Suppose  that  during  the  progress  of  this  investigation, 
with  the  aid  of  data  which  has  been  prepared  and  published  by  the  tele- 
graph comx)anies  and  the  assistance  of  such  experts  as  we  might  call 


STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO   OFFICIALS.         133 

to  our  aid,  the  committee  should  be  able  to  determine  what  would  be  a 
fair  average  rate,  considering  the  interests  of  company  and  public,  for 
telegraph  dispatches,  and  should  incline  to  favor  such  a  regulatioa  as 
that  of  the  telegraph  business  of  the  country. 

Mr.  Gabbett.  Our  inclination  would  be  to  accept  any  reasonable 
rates  which  may  be  fixed  by  any  proper  commission. 

Senator  Jackson.  In  the  post-office  service  t 

Mr.  Gabbett.  Yes. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  mean  my  question  to  include  the  general  business 
of  telegraphing  and  all  character  of  communication  thereby. 

Mr.  Gabbett.  We  think  that  tiie  amount  of  cash  we  will  be  called 
upon  to  spend  to  reach  certain  points  will  enable  us  to  establish  rates 
which,  while  yielding  us  a  fair  return  on  our  investment,  will  be  very 
satisfactory  to  the  public  We  intend  to  aim  at  making  rates  thor- 
oughly satisfactory. 

Senator  Wilson.  Has  your  company  any  exclusive  contracts  with 
any  other  companies,  of  whatsoever  character  they  may  be  t 

Mr.  Gabbett.  We  have. 

Senator  Jackson.  If  it  is  a  fair  question  and  one  you  would  like  to 
answer,  I  will  ask  how  you  expect  to  make  rates  so  much  lower  than 
an  old  established  company  who  have  made  their  business  as  successful 
as  the  Western  Union  have  Y 

Mr.  Gabbett.  I  will  reply  by  stating  that  we  expect  with  an  ex- 
penditure of  $3,000,000  of  cash,  with  co-operative  contracts  which  we 
have  already  entered  into  and  wnich  we  may  enter  into,  plus  the  lines  of 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Bailroad  Company  with  a  capital  of  $20^000,000 
to  be  able  to  compete  with  approximately  $100,000,000  of  nominal  ex- 
penditure at  rates  which  will  pay  us.  At  least  that  was  Mr.  Gould's  view 
as  to  the  American  Union,  and  I  have  very  great  confidence  and  respect 
for  his  judgment  of  telegraph  companies — that  the  American  Union 
could  afford  to  make  rates  which  would  be  very  profitable  to  them  and 
yet  unprofitable  to  the  Western  Union.  If  the  logic  was  good  then  it  is 
good  now.  With  an  expenditure  of  $5,000,000  Mr.  Goula  succeeded  in 
adding  $40,000,000  to  the  capital  of  the  Western  Union.  He  did  it  with 
great  skill,  but  the  Western  Union  must  earn  on  $40,000,000  instead 
of  on  the  $5,000,000  expended;  whereas  we  have  only  to  earn  on  the  cash 
expended,  and  we  can  put  it  at  4}  x)er  cent.,  which  means  less  than 
$150,000  a  year  on  the  $3,000,000  of  actual  cash  expended.  We  think 
under  those  circumstances  we  are  in  a  position  to  give  the  people  of  this 
country  satisfactory  telegraph  service  and  to  accept  such  rates  as  might 
be  fixed  by  a  i^roper  tribunal  to  be  established  by  Congress  and  at  the 
same  time  to  obtain  very  satisfactory  results  for  the  shareholders  of  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Bailroad  Company. 

Senator  Jackson.  How  in  reference  to  patents?  Has  not  the  West- 
em  Union  secured  certain  patents  which  you  will  be  obliged  to  use  t 

Mr.  Gabbett.  We  have  already  secuied  such  patents  as  we  are  ad 
vised  we  need  at  present  and  we  are  in  treaty  for  others.    We  do  not 
expect  to  be  hampered  by  any  exclusive  control  of  the  Western  Union 
as  to  the  matter  of  patents.    That  is  clearly  so,  is  it  not,  Mr.  Bates  t 

Mr.  Bates.  That  is  clearly  so. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  The  simple  question  is  the  number  of  messages  you 
c^n  obtain.  The  Western  Union  transmits  40,000,000.  If  they  trans- 
mitted 10,000,000  messages  it  would  cost  them  two  or  three  times  as 
much  T)er  message  as  it  does  now  to  transmit  those  messages. 

Mr.  CowEN.  It  strikes  me  it  would  depend  upon  between  what  points 
the  messages  are  transmitted. 


n^l 


( 


11 


n 


134         STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO   OPFICIALiS. 

Mr.  Gabbett.  I  think  the  case  may  be  summed  np  in  a  nnt-shell  in 
this  wise :  The  Western  Uuion  has  something  over  $7,000,000  of  net 
money  to  pay  on  this  watered  stock,  besides  its  cable  guarantees.  Mr. 
Oould  built  two  cables  recently.  They  cost,  perhaps,  $6,000,000 ;  at  least 
I  was  so  advised  on  the  other  side,  where  I  had  conferences  with  cable 
people.  Then  the  Western  Union  guaranteed  5  per  cent,  on  a  capital  of 
$14,000,000.  Altogether  they  have  some  $80,000,000  or  thereabonte. 
This  action  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  has  not  been  taken 
without  very  careful  thought  and  very  careful  prevision.  Many  of  th^e 
lines  will  be  completed  within  ninety  days,  because  they  will  be  built 
as  fast  as  money  can  build  them,  and  in  the  Southwestern  country  par- 
ticularly the  winters  are  so  open  as  to  enable  the  work  to  proceed.  Pari 
passu  with  the  opening  of  these  lines  there  will  be  two  new  Atlantic 
cables,  built  at  a  cost  of  less  than*  $6,000,000,  and  all  this  to  compete 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  some  $70,000,000  to  $80,000,000  or  more,  so 
that  we  will  have  competition  on  the  water  as  well  as  on  the  land. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  I  was  not  referring,  in  the  question  I  asked  you,  as  to 
the  matter  of  capital  or  interest  on  capital  or  dividends  upon  capital, 
but  simply  in  regard  to  the  operating  expenses,  whether  the  Western 
Union  cannot  afford  to  carry  50,000,0(K)  messages  a  great  deal  cheapo 
than  you  can  afford  to  carry  10,000,000 ;  or,  in  other  words,  whether 
50,000,000  messages  cannot  be  transmittiCd,  say,  at  16  cents  i>er  message, 
whereas  10,000,(K)0  would  cost  you  25  cents  per  message? 

Mr.  Gabbett.  Yes ;  somewhat  cheaper,  I  take  it.  But  if  the  Western 
Union  has  this  large  sum  to  earn  per  annum  and  we  have  a  very  small 
sum  to  earn  per  annum,  don't  you  think  we  will  be  able  to  do  a  portion 
of  the  business  t  Take  the  trunk  lines  for  instance.  [To  Mr.  Bates.] 
In  how  many  days  will  you  have  tho^  lines  ready  t 

Mr.  Bates.  In  forty  days  after  the  material  begins  to  arrive. 

Mr.  Gabbett.  It  is  beginning  to  arrive  now  for  the  line  between  New 
York  and  Chicago.  With  sixteen  wires  from  New  York  to  Chicago  over 
the  nickel  plate  and  eleven  by  the  other  route  we  will  have  twenty -seven 
wires  into  Chicago.  Mr.  Gould  has  thirty  to  day.  Within  the  last  two 
days  we  have  bought  a  district  company  in  New  York,  and  we  will  open 
our  ofBces  rapidly  pending  the  stringing  of  these  wires,  and  we  will  be 
about  as  strong  in  Chicago  as  Mr.  Gould ;  and  if  we  are  not  able  to 
handle  all  the  buisiness  that  is  offered  we  soon  will  be.  It  doesn't  take 
long  to  string  wires  when  your  poles  are  up.  Winter  does  not  interfere 
with  that. 

The  Chaibman.  I  will  tell  you  whatr  you  will  be  confronted  with  if 
yon  propose  to  sustain  a  competing  line.  When  you  reach  a  certain 
point  and  competition  becomes  threatening  the  Western  Union  will  pat 
down  its  rates  at  all  the  points  you  re^ach  so  low  that  there  will  be  no 
profit,  and  raise  the  rates  in  all  the  other  portions  of  the  country;  a 
proposition  will  then  be  made  to  buy  you  out.  They  will  say  "  You  can 
make  no  money.  Yon  are  working  at  a  loss.  We  will  absorb  you  as 
we  have  absorbed  fifty  or  sixty  companies  l>efore,  some  of  them  just  as 
strong  as  yours ;  some  of  which,  in  fact,  Mr.  Gould  was  at  the  head  of.'' 
I  would  like  to  know  what  assurance  you  can  give  to  members  of  this 
committee  that  you  would  not  meet  with  the  fate  of  all  the  other  com- 
peting companies  ! 

Mr.  Gabbett.  I  may  surprise  you  perhaps  when  I  tell  you  that  we 
have  already  leased  between  the  cities  of  Chicago  and  New  York  enough 
wires  to  pay  the  interest  on  the  entire  amount  that  we  propose  to  ex- 
pend, so  that  at  any  rate  we  can  live,  even  if  the  messages  should  be 
carried  at  a  very  Yo\7  ta\i^.    Bvxt  I  would  like  to  ask  in  return  how  the 


STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO   OFFICIALS.         135 

Western  Union  is  going  to  pay  dividends  on  eighty  millions  of  stock 
pending  that  condition  of  things  t  Ho^  is  it  to  continue  the  great  in- 
vestinent  stock  it  is  claimed  to  be  to-day  t 

The  Chairman.  It  will  do  the  business  in  half  the  country  at  a  loss 
and  make  the  other  half  pay  for  it. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  wish  you  would  make  the  statement  a  little  more 
definite  with  reference  to  your  leased  wires  between  New  York  and  Chi- 
cago. 

Mr.  Garrett.  We  have  six  wires  leased  to-day  between  Chicago  and 
New  York  at  an  average  rental  of  $19,000,  making  a  total  of  $114,000  net 
per  annum.  Four  per  cent,  on  3,000,000  of  cash  expenditure  is  only 
$120,000  a  year.  In  addition  to  that  we  have  a  line  leased  to  a  news- 
paper in  Chicago  for  night  work  at  say  $15,000,  or  thereabouts. 

Mr.  Co  WEN.  Is  not  that  a  further  business  answer  t  The  difficulty 
of  Congress  getting  a  legal  guarantee  against  consolidation  confronts 
one  at  once.  It  has  been  suggested  here  that  any  form  which  that  could 
take  would  be  open  to  objection.  Of  course  the  difficulty  of  putting  it 
into  form  any  lawyer  would  see  at  once. 

The  Chairman.  There  could  be  no  guarantee  which  would  prevent 
the  company  from  using  it«  property  in  the  way  which  best  served  their 
interests. 

Mr.  CowBN.  There  is  great  difficulty  in  it ;  but  the  business  answer 
to  your  question  is  that  the  Western  Union,  if  it  reduced  its  rates  at  the 
points  reached  by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Telegraph  Company  in  order 
to  drive  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  out  of  the  business  would  meet  with  very 
serious  difficulty.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  answer  to  that  question  is 
seen  in  the  conditions  of  the  telegraph  business.  There  is  more  tele- 
graphic business  done  out  of  the  city  of  Chicago  than  in  the  entire  Do- 
minion of  Canada.  When  you  strike  the  centers  where  that  tremendous 
business  is  done  as  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  is  doing,  you  strike  where 
three-fourths  of  the  Western  Union  business  is.  They  cannot  afford  to 
reduce  rates  for  the  simple  purpose  of  killing  off  a  competitor. 

Senator  Wilson.  What  proportion  of  the  Chicago  business  is  brought « 
into  Chicago  by  the  wires  extending  beyond  and  transmitted  from  there 
eastt 

Mr.  CowEN.  I  do  not  know  how  much  comes  east.  I  do  not  know 
how  much,  exactly,  goes  west.  But  there  is  a  large  business  between 
such  cities  as  Chicago,  New  York,  and  Boston.  The  large  business  of 
Chicago  is  the  business  done  by  the  exchanges,  commercial  dealers, 
banks,  and  brokers,  and  that  passes  between  the  large  commercial 
cities. 

Senator  Jackson.  I  understood  Mr.  Bates  to  state  that  you  had 
reached,  or  would  reach,  the  great  commercial  centers  that  afforded  the 
Western  Union  75  per  cent,  of  its  present  business. 

Mr.  Garrett.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Jackson.  So  that  if  they  undertook,  to  crowd  you  out  and 
make  up  for  losses  on  the  other  25  per  cent,  they  would  fail  t 

Mr.  Hubbard.  There  is  a  vast  deal  of  fallacy  in  that  remark,  and  the 
fallacy  is  this:  That  75  per  cent,  of  the  business  does  come  from  these 
great  cities;  but  it  is  neither  75  nor  25  per  cent,  of  the  business  that  is 
between  those  great  cities.  For  instance  there  is  not  a  tenth  part  of  the 
'business  between  New  York  and  Chicago  that  there  is  between  New 
York  and  the  towns  lying  within  10  miles  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Co^VEN.  That  is  a  great  mistake. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  No,  sir,  it  is  not  a  mistake. 


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136         STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO   OFFICIALS. 

Senator  Wilson.  My  purpose  in  patting  the  qaestion  to  Mr.  Garrett 
was  in  order  to  ascertain  what  ^rtion  of  the  business  between  Chicago 
and  New  York  was  business  onginating  in  Chicago,  because  if  we  can 
ascertain  tluil  then  we  know  substanti^dly  what  is  tne  percentage  that 
comes  into  Chicago  over  the  lines  centering  there,  and  is  transmitted 
from  there  to  New  York. 

The  Chairman.  I  understand  the  proposition  of  Mr.  Bates  to  be  that 
the  company  will  in  time  i^each  that  prox)ortion  of  the  business  of  the 
country.    It  is  only  prospective.    It  has  not  been  reached  yet. 

Mr.  Bates.  It  will  be  reached  this  year  with  the  lines  I  have  men- 
tioned. 

The  Chaibman.  You  will  reach  what  part  of  the  business  f 

Mr.  Bates.  As  near  as  I  can  estimate  it  75  per  cent.  I  wish  to  make 
a  remark  in  reply  to  the  suggestion  from  Mr.  Hubbard  that  while  that 
may  be  true  not  25  per  cent,  of  the  amount  is  with  and  between  these 
large  cities.  He  is  wrong  in  that  statement  very  largely.  I  have  had 
occasion  through  the  course  of  my  long  experience  with  the  telegraph 
business  to  examine  very  minutely  all  of  the  details  in  reference  to  tele- 
graphic business  between  large  centers,  and  between  those  centers  and 
the  smaller  places.  As  I  have  already  said,  in  Chicago  alone  the  gross 
telegraphic  business  handled  by  the  Western  Union  Company,  not 
counting  the  other  companies  that  are  already  there,  our  own  particu- 
larly, is  as  great  as  all  of  the  telegraphic  business  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada.  It  is  true,  of  course,  that  all  of  that  business  in  Chicago  is 
not  done  between  the  commercial  centers ;  but  I  venture  to  assert  that 
three-fourths  of  it  is.  While  we  will  have  our  lines  connecting  the  large- 
commercial  centers  within  the  period  named,  we  will  of  course  have  a 
great  many  intermediate  offices  on  those  lines  to  add  to  the  system;  so 
that  I  think  I  can  safely  say  that  while  we  will  touch  and  reach  with 
our  lines  75  per  cent,  of  the  business  of  the  Western  Union  Company, 
we  will  be  able  to  handle  at  least  50  per  cent,  of  their  whole  business 
within  that  area. 

The  Chairman.  Assuming  that  you  will  reach  the  commercial  cen- 
ters where  three-fourths  of  the  telegraphic  business  of  the  country  is 
done,  and  that  you  make  between  those  points  a  cheap  rate,  what  pro- 
portion of  the  people  of  the  whole  country  will  be  benefited  by  tiie 
cheap  rate  t  We  have  already  very  cheap  rates  between  some  of  those 
centers.  Nobody  asks  for  a  cheaper  rate  than  we  have  between  Wash- 
ington, Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  New  York,  and  Boston  to-day.  That 
is  not  what  we  are  seeking.  We  are  seeking  to  ^ive  the  people  of 
every  portion  of  the  country  cheap  telegraphic  service. 

Mr.  Gabbett.  Who  gave  that  cheap  rate  you  have  mentioned  to  the 
public  ! 

The  Chairman.  I  am  not  supposed  to  know  about  that. 

Mr.  Gabbett.  It  resulted  from  the  building  of  rival  lines  to  the 
Western  Union.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  x>erhaps,  had  something  to 
do  with  it. 

Senator  Butleb.  May  I  be  x>ermitted  to  ask  a  few  questions  right 
there  ? 

The  Chaibman.  Certainly. 

Senator  Butleb.  How  long  have  you  had  a  telegraph  wire  for  the 
transaction  of  your  railroad  business  t 

Mr.  Gabbett.  I  think  ever  since  the  telegraph  has  been  in  existence. 
The  first  telegraph  wire  that  was  strung  was  strung  along  the  line  of 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  road. 

Senator  Butleb.  How  many  miles  of  wire  would  it  be  necessary  for 


STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS.         137 

you  to  keep  up  for  the  transaction  of  yoar  railroad  ba&iness  excla- 
flively  t    Can  you  form  any  idea! 

Mr.  Gabbett.  We,  of  course,  are  obliged  to  have  lines  between  our 
various  termini,  lines  between  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Washington, 
Baltimore,  Cincinnati,  Louisville,  Saint  Louis,  Columbus,  Sandusky, 
Pittsburgh,  and  intermediate  points. 

Senator  Butleb.  Those  lines,  irre8i)ective  of  what' use  they  may  be 
to  the  public,  you  own  for  your  private  purposes  1 

Mr.  Oabbett.  Yes,  sir ;  they  are  necessary  adjuncts  to  the  proper 
running  of  the  road. 

Senator  Butleb.  Are  you  compelled  to  keep  them  up  in  connection 
with  your  railroad  business  t 

Mr.  Oabbett.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Butleb.  Under  any  circumstances  1 

Mr.  Gabbett.  I  think  that  would  be  the  general  verdict. 

The  Chaibman.  It  was  said,  I  think,  by  Mr.  Bates  that  the  Western 
Union  Company  could  not  afford  to  reduce  its  rates  for  the  purpose  of 
driving  another  company  into  consolidation.  Did  not  the  Western 
Union  Company  once  before  reduce  it-s  rates  to  all  points  east  of  the 
Missouri  River  to  25  cents  for  ten  words  1 

Mr.  Bates.  The  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company,  with  which 
I  was  then  connected,  reduced  its  rate  to  25  cents  uniformly  between 
all  points  east  of  and  including  Omaha. 

The  Chaibman.  And  the  Western  Union  did  the  same  t 

Mr.  Bates.  The  Western  Union  reduced  its  rates  to  some  points : 
but  between  the  more  distant  points  never  to  the  full  reduction,  as  I 
remember. 

The  Chaibman.  It  has  been  stated  by  some  person  who  has  been  be- 
fore the  committee — Mr.  Green,  I  think — that  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany reduced  its  rate  to  a  maximum  of  25  cents  to  all  points  east  of 
either  the  Missomi  or  the  Mississippi  Biver^  and  maintained  it  there 
until  this  consolidation  was  effected.  If  it  did  it  then,  why  may  it  not 
do  it  again  f 

Mr.  Bates.  I  do  not  think,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  they  ever  did  that 
I  think  they  followed  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company* in  its  25 
cent  rate  between  some  of  the  cities  that  were  nearer  together.  Be- 
tween the  more  distant  points,  for  instance  New  York  and  Omaha,  I  do 
not  think  they  reduced  below  50  cent«,  but  I  may  be  mistaken  as  to 
that. 

The  Chaibman.  I  think  I  have  heard  the  statement  on  good  au- 
thority. 

Mr.  Bates.  I  think  you  get  that  from  the  fact  that  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  Company  made  such  a  reduction.  I  will  say  as  to  that,  that 
that  step  was  considered  very  carefully,  and  the  reduction  of  the  rate 
to  25  cents  between  New  York,  Boston,  and  Omaha,  gave  a  very  large 
revenue  to  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company ;  a  very  largely  increased 
revenue. 

The  Chaibman.  Can  you  give  an  opinion  as  to  what  it  will  probably 
cost  to  send  messages  during  the  next  five  years,  with  all  the  improve- 
ments in  telegraphy  and  with  the  increased  facilities  from  all  sources* 

Mr.  Bates.  I  have  already  indicated  in  my  previous  statement  that 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company,  as  soon  as  it  had  provided  the  most 
ample  facilities  between  these  large  centers  east  of  the  Mississippi  River 
would  be  in  my  judgment  able  to  establish  a  uniform  rate  of  25  cents 
at  least  between  the  larger  cities,  with  a  proportionately  higher  rate 
between  the  more  distant  local  points.    When  I  say  I  believe  we  can 


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138         STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS 


afford  to  do  that,  I  of  course  base  that  opinion  upon  an  estimate  of  the 
cost  of  handling  the  service.  I  think  that  with  ample  facilities  between 
those  points,  and  handling  a  large  amount  of  bnsiness  as  we  expect  to 
do,  we  shall  be  able  to  bring  the  cost  enough  below  25  cent8  a  message 
and  enough  below  1  cent  a  word  for  night  messages  to  leave  a  very  cod- 
siderdble  margin  of  profit.    I  think  that  answers  your  inquiry. 

Senator  Wilson.  Has  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Telegraph  Company 
any  rates  which  you  regard  as  below  the  standard  of  reasonable  rema- 
neration  f 

Mr.  Bates.  In  only  one  case  do  I  know  of  such  a  rate  that  now  exists, 
and  that  is  the  rate  that  now  exists  between  Washington  and  New  York 
City,  of  15  cents.  Whether  that  is  remunerative  or  not  I  would  hardly 
like  to  state  here,  because  I  have  not  been  with  the  company  long  enough 
to  judge. 

Senator  Wilson.  Have  you  knowledge  of  any  other  company  having 
rates  for  any  character  of  business  that  are  below  the  fairly  remunera- 
tive standard  t 

Mr.  Bates.  So  many  questions  enter  into  the  consideration  of  that 
inquiry  that  I  would  hardly  like  to  make  an  answer.  I  could  not  do  so 
'  .  to  your  satisfaction. 

Senator  Wilson.  What  is  your  better  judgment  as  to  that,  without 
going  into  details? 

Mr.  Bates.  I  think  my  answer  to  your  question  is  already'  compre- 
hended in  the  answer  that  I  have  just  given  ai  little  more  at  length,  that 
r^  when  we  have  our  lines  equipped  between  these  important  centers  we 

shall  be  capable  of  handling  the  business  at  a  uniforin  rate  of  25  cents 
with  a  profit. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  In  1880  the  Western  Union  made  their  rates  per  mes- 
sage 18  cents,  did  they  nott 

Mr.  Bates.  I  cannot  reply  to  that,  because  I  have  not  the  statistics. 

Mr.  HI3BBABD.  And  do  not  recollect  t 

Mr.  Bates.  And  do  not  recollect. 

Senator  Wilson.  What  is  the  principle  involved  in  determining  the 
cost  as  between  points  furnishing  a  great  amount  of  business  and  those 
furnishing  a  less  amount  of  business  t  Take,  for  instance,  the  commer- 
cial centers  and  the  remoter  regions  of  the  country,  which  cannot  be  re- 
garded as  commercial  centers  in  any  sense,  and  still  need  the  advantages 
of  telegraphic  communication. 

Mr.  Bates.  I  can  only  answer  that  by  stating  that  the  plan  of  the 
Western  Uiiion  Company,  with  which  I  have  l^en  until  recently  con- 
nected, has  been  to  establish  first  what  is  known  as  a  State  rate;  for  in- 
stance, through  the  State  of  New  York  25  cents,  and  through  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania  25  cents  interchangeably ;  and  next,  a  rate  for  messages 
going  from  one  State  to  another.  The  largest  tariff  now,  being  be- 
tween the  extreme  East  and  the  extreme  West,  is  tl.25, 1  think,  which 
will  shortly  be  reduced  to  $1. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Is  not  a  dollar  and  a  half  now  the  extreme  rate  t 

Mr.  Bates.  I  think  it  has  recently  been  made  a  dollar  and  a  quarter. 
Between  the  large  centers,  as  for  instance  New  York  and  Chicago,  New 
York  and  Saint  Louis,  and  New  York  and  Cincinnati,  a  50cent  rate  is 
in  operation.  A  considerably  lower  rate  than  that,  I  think,  would  be 
profitable,  and  our  company  has  already  made  arrangements  to  estab- 
lish a  considerably  lower  rate  than  that  between  those  large  centers  at 
once.  It  is  obvious  that  a  very  large  business  can  be  handled  relatively 
hecaper  than  a  small  business.  There  is  now  in  force  between  the  stock 
exchanges  of  l^ewXotkCil^  ^iiid  Philadelphia  a  rate  of  10  cents  a  mes- 


STATEMENTS   OP   BALTIMORE   AKD   OHIO   OFFICIALS.         139 

sage.  That  rate,  and  the  speculation  that  obtains  there,  has  resulted 
in  an  enormous  amount  of  telegraphing. 

Senator  Wilson.  What  woidd  you  think  of  applying  to  the  more  re- 
munerative pai*t  of  the  business  a  part  of  the  rate- burden  that  now  falls 
upon  the  less  remunerative ;  in  other  words,  such  an  arrangement  of 
rates  as  would  distribute  more  equally  the  advantages  of  telegraphy 
over  the  country  t 

Mr.  Bates.  1  think  that  is  the  proper  policy  for  telegraph  compa- 
nies to  follow.  It  is  the  policy  that  we  shall  undertake  to  follow  out,  as 
I  now  understand  the  case. 

Mr.  Oabbett.  Mr.  Chairman,  in  addition  to  the  statement  I  made 
that  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company^  was  prepared  today  to  enter  into 
a  contract  with  the  Government  for  the  transaction  of  its  business.  I 
would  like  to  add  that,  covering  the  territory  referred  to,  should  the 
€k)vemment  see  fit  to  enter  into  such  a  contract,  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Company  will  be  prepared  to  give  satisfactory  guarantees  for  the  com-' 
pletion  of  those  lines  to  the  i>oints  named  within  a  much  earlier  period 
than  the  Government  by  any  possibility  could  reach  the  same  points. 

Senator  Wilson.  And  still  be  willing  to  subject  itself  to  the  regula- 
tion of  rates  by  commission  f 

Mr.  Garrett.  I  think  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  would  be 
willing  to  do  that.  I  am  not  prepared  to  make  an  absolute  committed 
on  that  point,  but  I  think  that  is  within  the  line  of  our  policy. 

The  Chairman.  There  area  number  of  subjects  upon  which  I  would 
like  to  get  information.  Under  the  resolution  adopted  by  the  Senate 
we  are  authorized  to  call  for  persons  and  papers,  and  I  think  in  a  very 
short  time  it  will  be  desirable  to  call  witnesses.  I  have  no  doubt  Mr. 
Bates  is  as  thoroughly  informed  on  this  subject  as  ^ny  man  in  the 
country,  and  it  has  occurred  to  me  to  ask  whether  he  would  like  to 
have  the  questions  that  we  propose  submitted  to  him  in  advance,  so 
that  he  might  be  prepared  to  answer  them. 

Mr.  Bates.  I  should  be  pleased  to  make  answer  to  any  such  questions, 
and  if  they  were  submitted  to  me  in  advance  it  would  enable  me  to 
give  more  intelligent  replies  than  I  might  be  able  to  make  on  the  spur 
of  the  moment. 

The  Chairman.  Has  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Telegraph  Company 
any  press  contracts  f 

Mr.  Garrett.  We  have  some  contracts  with  the  press.  We  have 
no  general  contracts,  but  we  have  some  specific  contracts. 

Mr.  Bates.  We  have  contracts  for  leases  of  wires  to  one  or  two  press 
associations,  of  considerable  importance  to  them,  and  to  a  number  of 
individual  newspapers.  The  Chicago  luter-Ocean  is  one,  the  Cincin- 
nati Inquirer  is  another,  and  the  Cincinnati  Gazette  is  another. 

The  Chairman.  Have  you  exclusive  contracts  with  any  press  asso- 
ciation f 

Mr.  Bates.  No,  sir. 

Senator  Wilson.  Have  you  any  contracts  involving  the  transmittal 
of  news  t 

Mr.  Bates.  We  have,  as  I  say,  contracts  for  the  lease  of  wires  to  the 
United  Press  Association  and  to  the  Inter-Ocean  and  the  other  newspa- 
pers I  have  named,  whereby  they  operate  the  wires  themselves,  paying 
us  a  rental  for  their  use.  We  have  in  addition  an  arrangement  with 
associations  and  newspapers  for  the  transmission  at  25  cents  or  30  cents 
a  hundred  of  large  quantities  of  press  matter.  There  are  no  agi  cements 
of  any  kind  of  an  exclusive  nature. 


Ml 


l 

I'  I 


i  I  140        STATEMENTS   OF  BALTIMORE   AND  OHIO   OFFICIAL& 


I    • 


Senator  Wilson.  You  settle  the  price,  whether  associations,  in^i^d- 
uals  or  conipauies,  and  there  is  noexclasive  contract! 

Mr.  Bates.  No,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  I  suppose  you  will  have  no  objection  to  fomishiiig 
I  :  I  us  copies  of  the  contracts  t 

t  Mr.  Bates.  None  at  all,  sir. 

Senator  Wilson.  We  are  to  have  those  the  other  company  will  fomiBli, 
and  we  would  like  to  have  such  as  yon  may  have  also. 

Mr.  Oabbett.  We  would  be  very  happy  to  give  any  information  in 
our  powei;. 

Mr.  HuDBABD.  Did  you  ever  make  any  estimate  as  to  the  average 
distance  telegrams  were  transmitted  t 

Mr.  Bates.  I  do  not  know  that  any  estimate  has  ever  been  made.  It 
would  be  extremely  difficult  to  make  snch  an  estimate. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Not  very. 

Mr.  Bates.  I  am  unable  to  furnish  it. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  It  may  be  made  within  50  miles,  without  any  great 
trouble.  To  begin  with,  the  average  rate  now  of  the  Western  Union  is 
38  cents.  For  38  cents  you  can  send  a  message  perhaps  500  miles. 
The  average  telegram  is  sent  much  less  than  500  miles.  Very  few  tele- 
grams are  sent  much  over  500  miles. 

Mr.  Cowen.  You  think  there  is  very  little  telegraphing  t>etween  Chi- 
cago and  New  York  f 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Very  little,  comparatively  speaking. 

Mr.  Bates.  I  think  you  are  wrong.  I  would  not  like  to  assent  to  that 
statement  of  fact. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Take  your  pencil  and  paper,  and  you  can  demonstrate 
it  mathematically.    It  is  not  susceptible  of  doubt  or  question. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  a  question  involving  the  field  to  which  I 
called  the  gentleman's  attention  a  short  time  ago  as  to  the  distributioa 
over  the  country  of  the  advantages  of  telegraphing. 

Mr.  Bates.  I  do  not  know  how  it  is  with  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany, but  with  the  system  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  the 
average  distance  over  which  each  message  is  transmitted  is  considerab^ 
greater  than  500  miles,  for  the  obvious  reason  that  a  large  part  of  our 
business  is  between  New  York  and  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Saint  Louis, 
and  intermediate  points. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  You  do  not  accommodate  the  public  then  t 

Senator  Wilson.  If  we  get  at  the  average  distance  and  the  average 
rate  then  we  would  have  data  upon  which  we  could  with  reasonable  ac- 
curacy base  a  calculation  with  a  view  to  the  element  of  distribution  I 
have  spoken  o£  If  you  or  Mr.  Bates  or  any  one  else  can  furnish  us  tliat 
data  we  would  like  very  much  to  have  it. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  I  can  cipher  it  out. 

Mr.  Beiff.  If  you  divide  the  mileage  of  poles  into  t|ie  number  of  mes- 
sages sent  you  will  get  it.  The  Western  Union  have  about  a  hundred 
thousand  miles  of  poles.  If  they  transmit  40,000,000  messages  it  would 
be  an  average  of  400  miles  for  each  message. 

Mr.  CowEN.  What  an  absurdity  that  would  be  as  a  matter  of  busi- 
ness.   Just  think  of  it !    What  does  it  determine  f    I  do  not  see 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  You  do  not  see  what  t 

Mr.  Cowen.  I  do  not  see  how  it  would  affect  the  question  of  deter* 
mining  the  rates.  Suppose  the  railroads  do  the  same  thing.  Qet  all 
the  railroads  in  the  country  to  do  the  same  thing  and  I  do  not  think,  as 
a  practical  man,  looking  at  it  from  an  economical  point  of  view,  you  can 
make  an  assertion  of  that  sort 


I 


STATEMEKT8   OF  BALTIMORE  AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS.         141 

Senator  Wilson.  Let  me  pat  this  statemeDt :  The  same  princxple 
would  have  application  to  either  a  railroad  or  a  telegraph  line.  Take^ 
for  instance,  a  railroad  line.  There  are  some  partB  of  the  line  that  it  costs 
much  more  to  operate  than  other  parts.  It  may  be  owing  to  grades,  to 
corves,  ortovarionsotherconditions.  That  everybody  knows.  Still^is  it 
not  the  correct  business  principle  in  operating  that  line  to  let  theless  ex- 
pensive portions  of  the  line  bear  a  part  of  the  burden  that  comes  because  of 
the  conditions  on  the  more  expensive  portions,  in  the  matter  of  determining 
rates  for  transportation  t  Otherwise  you  may  have  very  exorbitant 
rates  on  one  part  of  a  line  and  very  low  rates  on  another  part.  In  hav- 
ing but  one  rate  you  work  a  unity  of  that  line.  The  line  would  be 
0))erati*d  as  a  unit,  and  the  public  should  get  the  benefit  of  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  burden.  That  is  the  idea  I  have  in  regard  to  this  other  sub- 
ject, that  there  should  be  such  a  distribution  of  through  rat^ss  as  that 
the  public  shall  have  the  advantage,  and  that  the  advantage  shall  not 
be  confined  to  localities  that  are  most  favored  by  the  conditions. 

Mr.  CowEN.  That  is  undoubtedly  the  case  now.  As  to  the  small 
towns,  the  railroad  business  is  local.  Eighty-five  per  cent,  of  the  earn- 
ings of  the  Pennsylvania  Eailroad  consists  in  its  local  business.  It  is 
just  the  reverse  with  the  telegraph.  At  the  same  time  the  local  points 
get  the  benefit  of  the  extreme  competition  of  the  great  points  by  enab- 
ling the  companies,  as  you  say,  to,  in  a  way,  distribute  the  chargesover 
the  entire  line.  That  is,  if  they  make  a  great  deal  from  their  termini 
between  larfie  commercial  centers  they  can  afford  to  do  business  at  a 
less  rate  to  the  local  points.  As  Mr.  Bates  has  said,  they  take  some 
plan  more  or  less  arbitrary.  They  adopted  the  State  plan  in  the  West- 
ern Union  service — 25  cents  in  one  State.  Thev  do  not  go  and  see  how 
much  it  costs  from  one  point  to  another.  I  suppose  they  keep  up  num- 
bers of  stations  where  they  do  not  pay  anything ;  very  little,  if  anything. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  have  no  doubt  that  it  is  true. 

The  Chairman.  I  have  no  doubt  if  the  Government  should  construct 
or  operate  a  telegraph  that  in  a  short  time  we  would  have  a  uniform 
rate,  as  we  have  in  the  transmission  of  letters.  Every  one  knows  we 
carry  an  immense  number  of  letters  in  the  mail  at  a  cost  greater  than 
the  amount  received  for  postage ;  and  yet,  as  a  whole,  we  are  able  to  carry 
letters  for  two  cents  to  every  portion  of  the  country,  including  the  free  de- 
livery in  all  the  larger  cities,  and  make  the  Post-Office  Department  self- 
sustaining.  The  people  of  the  country  get  vastly  more  benefit  fVom  that 
plan  than  by  having  low  rates  between  the  lar^  places  and  high  rates 
between  the  smaller  places.    There  is  no  question  about  that. 

Mr.  GowEN.  The  tendency  is  undoubtedly  in  that  direction  in  tele- 
graphing. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  I  think  you  would  be  surprised,  Mr.  Ghairman,  if  you 
should  examine  the  postal  service  and  the  telegraph  servicCvto  find  how 
short  a  distance  either  letters  or  telegrams  are  sent.  Mr.  Painter  tells 
me  there  was  an  examination  made  by  the  Post-Office  Department  last 
year,  at  a  very  great  expense,  in  order  to  ascertain  in  regard  to  parcels 
of  merchandise,  how  far  they  were  sent,  and  it  is  on  file.  The  postal 
service  and  the  telegraphic  service  are  closely  allied  together.  They 
are  not  like  the  passenger  and  freight  business  on  railrrods.  It  is  the 
messages  that  are  sent  short  distances  and  it  is  the  letters  that  are  sent 
short  distances  that  are  75  per  cent,  of  the  whole  business  of  the  mail 
and  of  the  telegraph.  Nearly  80  i>er  cent,  of  all  the  telegrams  are  sent 
less  than  300  miles. 

Senator  Wilson.  The  short  rate  pays  for  the  long  rate  t 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Yes ;  on  letters  and  on  telegrams. 


142         STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS. 


% 


5i  ■,, 


Mr.  CowEN.  I  do  not  see  how  that  coald  be. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  Very  likely  you  do  not  see  it.    I  am  merely  stating 

e  fact. 
^  Mr.  CowEN.  I  do  not  see  how  you  get  at  the  number  of  messages 

sent  a  short  distance  by  getting  at  the  avei-age  rate  they  travel. 

Senator  Wilson.  It  is  only  an  element  in  the  calculation. 

Mr.  GowEN.  Suppose  you  have  ten  messages  coming:  from  California 
to  New  York.  You  have  that  long  distance  as  an  element  when  yon 
come  to  determine  how  many  messages  go  from  Chicago  to  New  York. 
You  cannot  do  it.  You  cannot  take  the  entire  pole  mOeage  and  divide 
it  into  the  entire  number  of  messages  and  say  the  average  distance  a 
message  is  sent  is  so  much.  That  is  one  way  of  ascertaining  it,  bat 
that  does  not  tell  what  number  of  messages  go  a  short  distance  and 
what  number  go  a  long  distance. 

Senator  Wilson.  Do  you  mean  to  say  that  there  is  any  element  in 
that  business  that  an  expert  cannot  ascertain  f 

Mr.  CowEN.  1  mean  to  say  you  can  tell  precisely  by  going  to  the 
Western  Union  offices,  and  getting  from  their  offices,  if  they  keep  any 
such  statistics,  the  precise  number  of  messages  that  go  from  every  point 
in  this  country  to  every  other  point  in  this  country ;  but  I  venture  to 
say  no  such  statistics  are  kept. 

Mr.  HuBBABD.  I  can  take  my  pencil  and  paper,  without  going  to  the 
office  of  the  Western  Union  Company,  and  come  within  10  per  cent  of 
the  truth.  I  have  done  it,  and  I  can  do  it  again.  It  is  perfectly  easy. 
All  you  have  got  to  do  is  to  formulate  your  table.  Yon  know  what  the 
rates  are  between  the  different  distances,  and  you  know  what  the  whole 
amount  received  is.  Then  you  can,  by  a  series  of  equations,  find  oat 
what  proportion  are  sent  at  each  particular  rate.  In  that  way  yon  can 
very  soon  work  it  out. 

Mr.  Beiff.  I  suggest,  as  Mr.  Hubbard  says  he  has  done  this,  that  he 
furnish  the  committee  with  the  figures  he  has  already  fixed  up  in  his 
own  mind  or  on  paper,  because  we  know,  and  the  Western  Union  has 
ciphered  out,  that  the  average  increase  of  the  volume  of  business  is  now 
reaching  nearly  14  per  cent,  per  annum.  You  can  add  that  on  to  Mr. 
Hubbard's  figures.  If  he  has  already  demonstrated  it  it  will  save  a  good 
deal  of  time.  / 

Mr.  Bates.  I  can  state,  having  been  with  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany off  and  on  about  ten  years  and  with  other  companies  in  opposition 
to  it  nearly  as  long,  that  there  never  has  been,  to  my  knowledge,  any 
such  statistics  prepared  as  Mi*.  Hubbard  speaks  of.  An  effort  has  been 
made  in  that  direction,  but  necessarily  it  has  been  a  very  feeble  one 
from  the  very  nature  of  the  case;  and  I  do  not  think  it  is  i>ossible  to- 
day with  any  statistics  that  exist  to  determine  with  any  reasonable  de- 
gree of  accuracy  the  average  distances  that  messages  are  now  transmit- 
ted. It  could  be  done  by  arrangement  beforehand  for  it  with  great 
elaborateness  of  detail,  but  it  has  not  yet  been  done. 

The  Chaibman.  Do  you  not  think  the  Government  could  transact 
the  telegraph  business  through  its  post-offices  cheaper  than  any  corpo- 
ration could  do  it  t 

Mr.  Bates.  You  have  asked  me  my  opinion,  and  I  will  have  to  an- 
swer no.    I  reason  fVom  analog. 

The  Chaibman.  Will  you  give  your  reasons  for  that,  if  you  cant 
There  one  is  thing  that  cannot  be  questioned,  and  that  is  that  the  Cov- 
eminent  will  employ  a  very  large  number  of  men  who  now  are  paid  as 
postmasters,  and  whose  occupation  as  postmasters  requires  but  a  very 
small  part  of  their  time. 


STATEMENTS   OF   BALTIMORE   AND   OHIO   OFFICIALS.         143 

Mr.  Bates.  The  answer  to  yoar  inquiry,  I  think,  has  alieady  been 
made  far  better  than  I  can  make  it  by  the  Western  Union  people.  I 
can  only  say  in  reply  to  the  suggestion  at  the  close  of  your  remark,  that 
if  the  telegraph  business  of  any  place  is  large  enough  to  warrant  an 
office  beiftg  established  and  any  business  being  done  of  any  account,  it 
will  necessitate  the  separate  employment  of  an  operator.  Of  course 
there  are  very  many  places  where  an  operator  who  was  also  postmaster 
might  be  used.  But  the  relative  number  of  those  employes  as  com- 
pared with  the  whole  number  of  employes  to  handle  all  the  telegraphic 
business  of  the  country  would  be,  in  my  judgment,  very  small. 

The  Chairman.  I  disagree  with  you;  I  think  it  would  be  very  large. 
In  the  large  offices  the  time  of  the  men  is  fully  employed ;  they  are 
worked  up  to  their  full  capacity.  But  there  are  thousands  of  small  offi- 
ces in  which  the  postmas.ter,  who  is  now  employed,  does  not  have  enough 
to  do  to  occupy  all  his  time. 

Mr.  Bates.  Nearly  all  of  those  places  are  already  provided  with  tele- 
graphic facilities,  and  if  the  rates  were  reduced  so  as  to  largely  increase 
the  volume  of  business  at  those  places,  a  separate  employ^  would  of 
course  very  soon  be  necessary  in  very  many  of  them ;  certainly  not  in 
all. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Out  of  the  13,000  offices  of  the  Western  Union  do  vou 
suppose  there  are  more  than  2,000  that  pay  anything  more  than  their 
expenses  t 

Mr.  Bates.  Yes.  sir ;  I  think  considerably  more  than  half.  There  is 
no  object  for  the  Western  Union  Company  to  keep  an  office  open  at  any 
point  which  does  not  pay  expenses. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Nine  thousand  of  their  offices  are  railroad  offices,  not 
kept  by  them,  are  they  not  t 

Mr.  Bates.  I  think  9,000  would  be  perhaps  under  the  number ;  but 
in  all  those  cases  they  are  necessarily  obliged  either  to  pay  an  operator 
specially,  where  the  business  amounts  to  a  considerable  sum,  or  to  com- 
pensate the  railroad  company  in  some  other  way  for  the  services  of  the 
operator.    So  that  they  pay  the  expenses  in  one  way  or  the  other.   * 

Mr.  Hubbard.  Are  not  the  operators  generally  paid,  not  by  the  tele- 
graph company,  but  by  the  railroad  t 

Mr.  Bates.  The  contract  relations  of  course  are  different  with  differ- 
ent railroads.  In  some  cases  the  telegraph  companies  pay  some  of  the 
operators  and  in  other  case^  they  pay  nothing  in  the  way  of  salaries, 
and  all  in  the  way  of  telegraphic  facilities  and  free  privileges. 

Mr.  GowEN.  One  of  the  statements  made  by  Mr.  Oarrett  was  that  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  having  engaged  in  this  enterprise  looks 
with  a  great  deal  of  interest  to  know,  and  it  becomes  a  very  grave  ques- 
tion to  know,  whether  the  Oovernment  is  going  into  the  business.  The 
Government  have  authority  already  to  purchase  at  an  appraisal  all  of 
these  lines  under  the  act  of  1866,  and  if  there  is  to  be  such  a  thing  as  a 
Oovernment  telegraph,  if  you  are  going  into  competition,  it  strikes  me 
that  the  proposition  to  take  these  lines  is  worthy  of  the  committee's  con- 
sideration. 

The  Chairman.  I  will  call  your  attention  to  the  difficulty  of  proeeed- 
ing  under  that  act.  The  act  provides  that  two  of  the  appraiser  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  Government,  two  by  the  telegraph  company,  and 
the  four  thus  appointed  shall  choose  the  fifth.  Si!q)posing  we  should 
take  the  lines  of  the  Western  Union  Company  on  that  basis.  It  would 
appoint  two  men  and  the  Government  would  appoint  two.  The  two 
men  ap)K>inted  by  the  Western  Union  Company  would  never  consent 
to  the  fifth  man,  unless  they  knew  that  they  could  control  his  decisions. 

10884 3 


144        STATEMENTS  OF  BALTIMOBE  AND   OHIO   OFFICIAL& 


Si 


They  would  accomplish  their  porpoBe  in  either  case.  If  they  refuse  to 
assent,  that  defeats  the  plan  of  the  appraisement.  If  they  consent  they 
do  so  because  they  have  three  out  of  five.  Therefore,  it  is  not  possible 
under  the  provisions  of  that  act  to  protect  the  interests  of  tl^e  Govern* 
ment. 
I  II  Mr.  Beiff.  I  think  there  would  be  another  difficulty  in  the  case  of 

the  Western  Union.    Over  almost  the  entire  country  they  would  be  an- 
il able  to  give  jou  title,  because  many  of  the  lines  they  use  they  use  under 
i  contract  relations,  and,  of  course,  have  no  title  in  fee. 
I  The  Chairman.  It  would  be  an  exceedingly  complicated  question.  I 
I ,                   do  not  believe  the  best  expert  in  the  country  could  settle  it  in  five  years. 

In  one  instance  the  telegraph  company  has  the  poles  and  the  railroad 
company  the  wires,  and  in  another  instance  this  arrangement  is  re- 
versed. In  one  instance  they  have  all  the  money  collected  at  a  certain 
office,  and  in  another  they  divide  equally  with  the  railroad  company. 
It  is  a  very  complicated  affair.  I  do  not  think  it  would  be  iK>8aible  to 
reach  a  fair  determination,  even  if  you  had  five  men  who  wanted  to  do 
simple  justice. 

Mr.  Go  WEN.  I  think  that  the  committee  is  unnecessarily  alarmed  as 
to  the  number  of  those  contracts  and  the  character.  When  we  bought 
the  National  line  ten  minutes  was  all  the  time  I  needed  in  regard  to  the 
few  contracts  they  had  made,  for  the  simple  reason  that  they  were  all  on 
the  same  motlel. 

Mr.  Eeiff.  If  Mr.  Cowen  will  allow  me,  those  are  two  distinct  com- 
panies. The  Western  Union,  as  has  been  frequently  stated,  have  eight 
hundred  railroad  contracts. 

Mr.  CowEN.  There  are  other  lines  to  take.  You  are  not  obliged  to 
take  the  Western  Union. 

The  Ohaibman.  Mr.  Qreen  has  stated  that  out  of  13.000  employ^ 
9,000  of  them  are  employed  by  the  railroads,  which  woula  indicate  that 
a  very  large  pr6portion  of  the  business  of  tlie  Western  Union  Company 
ii^one  through  contracts  with  railroads. 

Mr.  Oarbett.  Another  point  to  which  I  would  like  to  call  attention 
as  bearing  upon  this  whole  matter  is  that  many  of  those  contracts  are 
about  expiring,  and  there  may  be  other  railroads  preparing  to  enter  into 
co-operative  arrangements  with  other  competing  telegraph  lines*  That 
has  a  bearing  upon  the  question. 


BRIEF  OF  THE  POSTAL  TELEGRAPH  AND  CABLE  COMPANY. 


Ofpice  of  the  Postal  Telegraph  and  Gable  Company, 

49  Broadway^  New  York,  February  9, 1884. 

To  the  chairman  and  members  of  the  Committee  on  Post-Offices  and  Post- 
Beads  of  the  United  States  Senate^  Washington^  D.  C: 

Gentlemen  :  In  response  to  your  invitation  I  beg  leave  to  submit  the 
following  brief  statement  of  the  position  assumed  by  the  Postal  Tele- 
graph and  Gable  Gompany  on  the  question  of  a  Oovemment  postal  tel- 
egraph, and  in  doing  so  I  shall  omit  all  discussion  of  the  constitutional 
and  legal  principles  involved,  and  confine  myself  solely  to  the  practical 
and  business  aspects  of  the  subject 

This  company  was  organized  and  is  now  constructing  its  lines  of 
telegraph  with  a  view  of  establishing  a  system  of  telegraphy  based 
on  cheap  and  uniform  rates.  To  accomplish  this  it  was  found  neces- 
sai^  to  construct  trunk  lines  between  all  the  principal  cities,  and  equip 
them  with  such  wires  as  will  enable  the  company  to  transmit  mes- 
sages from  one  to  the  other  by  a  single  operation  regardless  of  the 
distance,  and  under  all  atmospheric  conditions,  and  to  use  improved 
devices  oy  which  large  volumes  of  business  can  be  handled  cheaply  and 
with  celerity.  Undei*  these  conditions  the  cost  of  the  telegiaphic 
service  and  the  time  required  in  which  to  perform  it  are  wholly  inde- 
pendent of  the  distance,  and  we  hold  that  under  no  other  conditions 
can  either  the  Government  or  any  private  corporation  establish  and 
maintain  a  profitable,  cheap,  and  uniform  rate  of  service.  This  com- 
pany has  already  established  a  line  between  New  York  Gity  and  Ghicago, 
composed  of  40  poles  to  the  mile,  ranging  from  30  to  60  feet  in  length 
and  7  inches  in  diameter  at  the  small  end,  and  all  deeply  and  firmly 
set  in  the  ground,  which  is  by  far  the  strongest  pole-line  ever  constructed. 
And  on  this  line  compound  wires  have  been  strung,  composed  of  a  steel 
core,  weighing  200  pounds  to  the  mile,  encased  in  a  copper  coating  weigh- 
ing 525  pounds  to  the  mile.  The  steel  core  being  necesl^ary  to  give 
great  tensile  strength  and  elasticity  to  the  wire,  while  the  copper  af- 
fords the  greatest  conductivity.  These  wires  have  a  resistance  to  the 
electric  current  of  only  about  one  and  one-half  ohms  per  mile,  while  an 
iron  wire  of  equal  weight  would  have  a  resistance  of  not  less  than 
seven  ohms  per  mile. 

The  length  of  a  telegraphic  circuit,  or  the  distance  to  which  a  ifies- 
sage  may  be  sent  by  a  single  transmission,  without  repeating  the  mes- 
sage or  without  the  use  of  repeaters,  is  governed  by  the  resistance  of 
the  wire.  Hence,  circuits  on  iron  wire  do  not  exceed %n  average  of  500 
miles,  beyond  which  uniform  rates  are  not  profitable,  and  are  the  dis- 
tances selected  by  existing  companies,  using  iron  wire,  within  which 
uniform  rates  have  been  established.  While  on  these  compound  wires 
circuits  may  be  extended  trom  1,500  to  2,000  miles,  whereon  uniform 
rates  can  be  profitably  established.    Distance  adding  nothing  to  the 

S.  Eep.  577,  pt.  2 10  ^^ 


^1 


'1 


I 

i  ! 


t 


i  ' 


f 


146  BRIEF   OF   POSTAL   TELEGRAPH   COMPANY. 

<508t  of  the  service  where  the  message  is  not  repeated,  aud  no  repeaters 
used,  inasmuch  as  a  transmitting  and  receiving  operator  are  require 
to  handle  the  message  whether  lor  a  shorter  or  a  longer  distance,  while 
the  local  business  will  always  provide  for  the  interest  on  the  cost  of 
<^nstruction  and  maintenance  of  these  lines.  In  other  respects  the  high 
conducting  qualities  of  the  compound  wires  enable  this  company  to 
use  more  delicate  and  complicated  devices,  giving  the  wires  correspond- 
ingly greater  capacity  for  the  transmission  of  messages.  In  exempHti- 
•cation  of  this  we  are  now  doing  business  between  this  city  and  Chicago 
<iirect,  a  distance  of  1,000  miles,  without  interruption  or  delay  by  reason 
of  storms  or  other  atmospheric  conditions,  and  without  repeating  the 
message  or  the  use  of  automatic  repeaters,  thus  bringing  Chicago,  tele- 
^aphically,  as  near  to  New  York  as  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  compared 
with  iron  wires ;  and  the  great  capacity  of  this  wire  is  shown  by  the 
fact  that  we  are  enabled  to  send  six  messages  simultaneously  on  a 
single  wire  by  the  ordinary  Morse  method,  each  transmission  being 
worked  with  greater  speed  than  is  possible  with  a  single  transmission 
on  the  best  iron  wire  for  such  a  long  distance ;  and  by  the  use  of  oar 
automatic  system  we  are  enabled  to  transmit  a  thousand  words  per 
minute  over  this  line,  which  would  be  wholly  impossible  on  the  best  iron 
wire.  Other  lines  of  equal  strength  are  now  being  constructed  and 
similarly  equipped  with  these  comiK)und  wires  by  this  company,  fix>m 
Chicago  to  Saint  Louis;  from  New  York  to  Washington,  by  way  of 
Philadelphia  and  Baltimore ;  from  Buffalo,  through  the  oil  regions,  te 
Pittsburgh ;  from  New  York  to  Boston,  and  from  the  Chicago  line  at 
Eostoria,  Ohio,  to  Toledo,  all  which  will  be  completed  and  opened  for 
business  some  time  in  the  month  of  March  next,  excepting  the  Boston 
line,  which  will  not  be  completed  until  about  the  first  of  June  next,  at 
which  time  it  will  be  connected  with  the  transatlantic  cables  now  being 
constructed  and  laid  by  Messrs.  MacKay  and  Bennett. 

During  the  coming  summer  a  second  line  similarly  constructi^  will  be 
complet^  between  New  York  and  Chicago  by  way  of  Harrisburg,  Pitts- 
burgh, Columbus,  Cincinnati,  and  Indianapolis,  and  these  lines  will  be 
extended  as  raindly  as  possible  to  all  the  other  principal  cities  of  the 
country,  and  local  or  side  lines  will  be  built  connecting  the  smaller  cities 
and  towns  with  these  trunk  lines. 

In  order  to  handle  large  volumes  of  business  with  celerity  and  with- 
out complicating  the  lines  and  loading  down  the  poles  with  a  large  num> 
ber  of  wires,  this  company  has  secured  and  adopted  the  harmonic  system 
of  multiple  telegraphy  and  the  Leggo  automatic  system,  together  with 
other  improved  devices.  By  the  harmonic  system  we  are  enabled  to 
send  at  least  six  messages  simultaneously  on  the  longest  line,  by  the 
Morse  method,  and  a  greater  number  on  circuits  not  exceeding  500  miles. 

By  this  method  we  are  now  handling  between  this  city  and  Chicago 
an  average  of  from  250  to  300  messages  per  hour  on  a  single  wire,  while 
the  best  quadruplex  service  now  in  use  by  other  companies  on  iron 
wires  does  not  exceed  an  average  of  120  messages  per  hour,  and  they 
can  do  this  only  in  good  weather,  bad  weather  either  breaking  up  their 
quadruplex  entirely  or  reducing  it  to  a  duplex,  even  by  the  use  of  sev- 
eral repeaters,  which  greatly  increases  the  cost  of  transmission  antl  re- 
duces the  rate  of  speed,  while  ours  is  not  perceptibly  affected  by  the 
weather  and  no  repeaters  are  used.  The  promptness  and  reliability  of 
our  service  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  our  time  of  transmitting  and  de- 
livering messages  between  New  York  and  Chicago  does  not  excee<l  an 
average  of  nine  minutes  from  the  time  it  is  deposited  at  our  receiving 
window  until  it  is  delivered  to  the  party  to  whom  it  is  addressed,  em- 


BRIEF   OF   POSTAL   TELEGRAPH   COMPANY.  147 

bracing  in  this  estimate  any  continaons  hundred  thousand  messages 
handled  by  the  company  since  our  lines  have  been  opened  to  the  publio% 

We  are  now  transmitting  a  thousand  words  per  minute  on  a  single 
wire  from  New  York  to  Chicago  by  our  automatic  instrument.  Any 
number  of  messages  may  be  simultaneously  prepared  in  the  offices  c^ 
this  company  and  transmitted  over  a  single  wire  at  this  rate  of  speed 
to  any  distance  by  this  system  on  compound  wires.  Any  automatio 
system  is  impracticable  for  long  distances  on  iron  wires,  and  all  other 
systems  heretofore  in  use  have  not  attained  a  speed  greater  than  fi:om 
sixty  to  two  hundred  words  per  minute  even  on  short  circuits.  The 
great  advantage  in  these  low-resistance  wires  is,  that  it  makes  an  au- 
tomatic printing  system  perfectly  feasible  on  lines  of  any  length,  and 
the  company  is  now  availing  itself  of  such  a  system  whereby  from  one 
to  four  transmissions  may  simultaneonsly.be  sent  on  a  single  wire  at  the 
rate  of  from  sixty  to  ninety  words  per  minute  for  each  transmission.. 
This  is  done  by  a  lettered  key -board  transmitter  which  may  be  operated 
very  rapidly  with  but  little  training  on  the  part  of  the  operator,  and 
without  any  knowledge  of  the  Morse  alphabet,  and  it  does  away  with 
the  receiving  operator  entirely. 

When  this  company  shall  have  completed  and  equipped  all  its  lines 
with  these  improved  syst-ems  iX  will  be  able  to  transact  the  entire  busi- 
ness of  the  country  profitably  at  the  cheap  and  uniform  rate  of  25  cents 
per  message  of  twenty  words,  and  at  a  correspondingly  reduced  rate  for 
Government  and  press  service,  and  we  believe  that  this  will  meet  the 
public  demands  for  such  a  service  and  supersede  the  necessity  of  any 
experiment  on  the  part  of  the  Oovernment.  The  capacity  of  our  lines 
for  the  rapid  transmission  of  business  is  such  that,  with  the  aid  of  the 
post-office  deliveries  in  large  cities,  we  could  handle  the  greater  part  of 
the  correspondence  now  carried  by  the  United  States  mail.  Hence  we 
will  be  able  to  enter  into  a  contract  with  the  Government  to  perform  a 
postal-telegraph  service  at  a  much  cheaper  rate  than  the  Government 
itself  could  perform  it  by  the  lines  and  methods  now  commonly  in  use^ 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

GEO.  S.  OOE, 

Vice-PresidewL 


*4 


STATEMENT 


OF 


HEHBT  DAT,  EXECUTOR  AHD  COUVSEL  OF  THE  ESTATE  OF 

EDWnr  D.  KOBOAE,  DECEASED. 


Thursdapj  February  14, 1884. 

Henby  Day,  executor  and  coimsel  of  the  estate  of  Edwin  D.  Moi^ 
gan,  deceased,  came  before  the  committee  and  made  the  following  state* 
ment : 

Mb.  Chathman  and  Gentlemen  of  the  GoionTTEE.  I  do  not 
come  before  you  to  discuss  the  constitutional  grounds  or  the  legal 
grounds  on  which  you  propose  to  found  the  bills  that  may  be  prepared 
on  this  subject.  I  do  not  come  as  the  representative  of  any  telegraph 
companies.  I  simply  appear  before  you  as  the  executor  of  Governor 
Morgan,  and  as  the  adviser  of  his  estate,  which  is  largely  interested  in 
telegraph  stock.  The  case  of  one  individual  will  represent  the  case  of 
thousands,  probably  of  tens  of  thousands,  in  this  country  who  are  in- 
terested in  telegraph  stock.  I  would  like  to  present  a  logical  case,  if  I 
can,  because  all  of  you  gentlemen  are  accustomed  to  reasoning  on  these 
subjects;  and  I  also  wish  to  present  a  case  that  shall  appear  to  be  fair. 

Senator  Maxey.  What  stock  do  you  represent  as  the  executor! 

Mr.  Day.  We  represent  stock  of  theWestem  Union  Telegraph  Company. 
Governor  Morgan's  estate — his  wife  and  grandchild — has  $2,000,000 
worth  of  this  stock.  He  left  about  $1,600,000  worth  of  stock  in  his  es* 
tate.  As  you  know,  he  was  long  interested  in  telegraphic  business,  aided 
in  developing  it,  and  stood  by  it  earnestly;  but  he  did  not,  until  the 
last  years  of  his  life,  own  any  great  amount  of  stock.  In  the  last  year  or 
two  of  his  life  he  bought  very  largely  of  this  stock,  thinking  it  was  a 
good  investment  to  leave  to  his  family.  He  frequently  told  me,  in  draw- 
ing his  will,  that  he  considered  it  to  be  simply  a  good  6  per  cent,  stock 
and  a  good  thing  to  leave  to  his  executors.  He  considered  that  it  would 
never  be  interfered  with  by  the  Government,  except  upon  grounds  that 
would  be  absolutely  legal,  and  that  the  Government  woald  do  justice  ta 
the  holders  of  the  stock  in  any  action  which  might  be  taken. 

149 


150  STATEMENT   OP   HENRY   DAY,    EXECUTOR. 

I  have  taken  the  liberty  of  patting  in  print  a  few  points  that  occor  to 
me  in  connection  with  this  matter.  [Appended  hereto.]  It  may  be  that 
the  same  points  have  been  gone  over.  I  have  no  knowle^lge  of  what 
has  passed  before  your  committee. 

I  will  state  my  first  point.  It  is  that  the  Government  ought  not  to 
engage  in  any  business  enterprise  which  can  be  as  efiBciently  done  by 
citizens,  not  to  say  as  economically  done.  It  strikes  me  that  the  Gov- 
ernment should  not  interfere  with  the  business  of  the  eoantrj'  in  that 
way,  even  though  they  could  do  it  a  little  more  economically.  If  the 
Government  should  go  into  the  telegraph  business,  or  into  the  iron  busi- 
ness, because  they  have  an  immense  amount  of  iron,  you  can  see  what 
injury  that  would  be  to  private  citizens.  It  would  destroy  the  tnteit^sts 
of  parties  in  the  business.  The  Government  has  enough  to  do  without 
going  into  any  such  business. 

The  Chairman.  Do  you  think  it  would  be  a  good  plan  to  turn  over 
all  the  post  office  business  to  private  partiest 

Mr.  Day.  I  do,  if  it  could  be  as  well  done.  If  it  could  be  done  under 
the  proper  restrictions,  and  under  proper  Government  control,  I  would 
Bay  so.  I  would  say  that  every  business  in  this  country  that  is  done 
by  the  Government  had  better  be  done  by  individuals,  with  those  con- 
ditions. But  that  is  a  very  important  matter.  There  are  matters  con- 
nected with  the  postal  service 

The  Chairman.  Taking  things  as  they  are,  do  you  think  it  would  be 
a  good  plan  to  turn  over  all  the  post-office  business  to  private  parties  t 

lir.  Day.  I  do  not,  no ;  but,  taking  things  as  they  are,  you  have  got 
this  service  already  under  way.  Always^  since  the  foundation  of  the 
Government,  it  has  been  done  in  the  same  way.  But  you  have  stood 
by,  as  a  Government,  and  allowed  this  immense  telegraphic  business  to, 
grow  up  under  your  eye ;  allowed  it  to  be  developed,  and  allowed  par-* 
ties  to  put  in  their  money  with  the  idea  of  being  rewarded,  if  they  suc- 
ceeded, just  the  same  as  in  the  case  of  the  Pacific  Railroads,  or  any 
other  great  enterprise.  The  Government  have  allowed  and  fostered 
this  great  enterprise  and  have  used  it  in  times  of  trial  and  peril.  It 
does  not  seem  to  me  that  it  is  now  fair  to  adopt  a  new  principle,  and  in 
such  a  way  that  will  interfere  with  the  private  interests  of  thousands 
and  tens  of  thousands  of  individuals,  and  the  estates  of  dead  men. 

It  does  not  trouble  me  at  all  to  have  questions  put.  I  am  perfectly 
willing  to  have  this  a  mere  conversational  interview. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  understand  from  your  statement  that  yoa  do  not 
question  the  propriety  or  policy  of  Governmental  control  or  regulation 
of  the  telegraph. 

Mr.  Day.  No,  sir ;  I  do  not.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  Constitu- 
tion, perhaps,  intended  that  communications  between  different  parts 
of  tne  country  should  be  somewhat  under  Government  control.  Al- 
though I  have  not  looked  into  the  question  of  constitutional  rights, 
it  does  not  strike  me  as  departing  very  essentially  from  the  policy  of 
the  Government  to  control  the  telegraphic  business  in  a  certain  way. 
But  the  point  I  make  is  this :  You  have  allowed  it  and  the  precedent 
has  been  established.  Now,  if  it  can  be  as  well  done  privately — and 
you  are  to  decide  that — ^it  seems  to  me  it  should  not  be  the  policy  of  the 
Government  to  run  the  risk  of  a  great  many  evils  that  necessarily  would 
attend  a  change.    It  seems  to  me  that  would  not  be  wise. 

I  can  refer  to  some  of  the  evils  that  would  attend  a  change.  Yon 
have  probably  seen  many,  or  all,  of  them  yourselves,  for  yon  have  given 
greater  consideration  to  the  subject  than  I  have.  If  you  should  count 
up  the  number  of  telegraph  operators  that  are  employed  in  this  country. 


STATEMENT   OP   HENRY   DAY,    EXECUTOR.  151 

aud  the  number  that  will  be  employed,  what  an  army  yon  have  to  bo 
under  the  control  of  one  party  or  another ;  what  an  army  of  men  yoa 
kave  subject  to  corruption ;  what  an  immense  force  you  have,  in  case  of 
elections,  to  be  controlled  by  one  side  or  the  other.  I  think  that  all 
those  possibilities  ought,  as  far  as  possible,  to  be  obviated  in  the  man- 
agement of  a  great  Government  like  ours.  Our  Government  is  becom- 
iuj^  greater  every  day.  Nobody  knows  how  great  it  is  going  to  be* 
Eii^^land  is  nothing.  England  is  not  a  fair  sample  to  take  as  a  prece- 
dent for  us  in  this  business.  It  is  a  little  island  not  much  larger  than 
Kew  York  and  New  England  put  together.  Its  boundaries  are  well  de- 
defined.  It  is  unlikely  to  get  any  more  land  on  the  contiuent.  Its  in- 
terests are  nothing  compared  with  ours,  and  its  course,  in  regard  to  this 
business,  is  nothing  that  should  affect  this  country,  which  is  increasing 
to  such  an  extent  every  day. 

The  Chairman,  They  sent  31,000,000  messages  last  year,  as  against 
40,000,000  messages  sent  in  this  country. 

Mr.  Day.  Yes  ;  but  look  forward  for  a  hundred  years.  How  will  it 
be  then?  It  will  be  just  the  reverse.  The  number  of  our  messages 
will  be  hundreds  and  hundreds  of  millions,  and  tens  of  thousands  of 
men  will  be  employed  under  the  control  of  some  party,  which,  it 
seems  to  me,  will  be  a  great  danger.  But  I  do  not  base  my  argument 
on  that ;  I  think  you  are  better  judges  of  that  than  I  am.  What  I  am 
alter  is  substantial  justice  and  right  as  between  the  Government  and 
the  citizens.  I  think  that  is  a  point  that  has  been  in  modern  days 
and  under  our  own  Government  very  greatly  overlooked-  I  speak  upon 
my  own  experience  as  a  lawyer.  I  have  seen  in  Pacific  railroad  ciises 
what  I  considered  to  be  so  great  a  wrong  that  if  it  were  done  by  a  pri- 
vate citizen  he  would  be  hounded  out  of  the  community.  I  speak  ad- 
visedly, because  I  have  been  been  before  committees  in  Congress  on  the 
subject,  and  I  have  examined  these  matters.  I  believe  that  great  wrong 
has  been  done  in  the  desire  for  saving  money,  without  any  regard  for 
the  rights  of  the  people;  great  wrongs,  from  which  men  are  now  abso- 
lutely suffering. 

I  was  very  much  astonished  the  other  evening  when  dining  with  a 
gentleman  who  was  a  member  of  Congress  here— his  name  would  prove 
quite  familiar  to  yon  if  I  should  mention  it — at  a  single  remark  he  made, 
which  was  not  brought  out  by  anything  I  had  said.  Said  he,  ^^The  only 
thin  g  I  regret  in  my  course  in  Congress  is  this :  When  the  vote  on  the  Credit 
Mobilier  came  up  there  was  great  excitement  in  Congress  over  it.  Mr. 
Ames  was  here.  I  only  regret  that  I  voted  against  that  measure  and 
condemned  him.  I  have  always  been  sorry  for  it.  I  did  it  under  ex- 
citement, and  I  would  never  do  it  again.'' 

Here  was  Mr.  Fessenden,  of  Maine,  who  would  not  vote  for  any  such 
thing  at  all.  Great  wrongs  can  be  done  simply  with  the  idea  that  it  is 
right  to  save  money  for  the  Government.  There  is  a  point  right  there 
that  you  ought  to  take  into  consideration.  If  you  do  it,  see  what  fol- 
lows— and  I  confess  I  have  been  led  in  the  same  direction  myself.  If 
you  are  sharp  and  harsh  upon  the  individual  citizens  their  only  defense 
is  to  cora^  to  Congress  and  do  all  they  can  by  underhanded  measures^ 
by  bribery,  and  by  using  improper  influence  to  get  legislation  which 
will  give  them  justice.  They  say  "  If  we  cannot  get  it  one  way  we  will 
get  it  another."  That  is  human  nature.  That  is  what  I  have  seen  time 
and  again.  They  say  *'  We  cannot  get  any  justice  unless  we  resort  to 
such  methods.  They  take  our  money,  they  take  our  proi)erty,  and  they 
violate  contracts  express  and  implied.  If  we  do  not  take  care  of  our- 
selves we  shall  be  slaughtered."    1  think  there  is  a  better  feeling  pro- 


3i 


152  STATEMENT   OF   HENRY   DAY,    EXECUTOR. 

vailing  in  Congress  and  in  Government  circles  on  that  subject^  and  I 
am  very  glad  to  see  it.  I  think  it  is  somewhat  akin  to  the  sentiment  I 
have  expressed  as  to  the  duty  of  the  Government.  I  should  be  very 
sorry  to  see  individuals  injured  and  property  slaughtered  simply  to  save 
a  few  million  dollars  to  the  American  Government.  The  total  amoun« 
would  not  be  ten  cents  apiece  for  the  people  to  put  in  their  pockets,  al- 
though in  thousands  of  cases  it  would  bring  ruin  to  individuals. 
I  I  will  come  simply  to  the  case  pf  Governor  Morgan.     I  will  leave  with 

I  the  committee  a  statement  in  print  of  the  different  points  of  my  argi- 

I  ment,  and  will  simply  take  up  this  as  a  personal  question.     I  believe  I 

need  not  eulogize  Governor  Morgan.  You  all  know  that  he  was  a  dis- 
tinguished citizen.  He  was  a  self-made  man.  He  was  as  loyal  a  man 
and  as  true  a  man  as  this  country  has  ever  produced.  He  was  a  man  \rbo 
devoted  his  whole  fortune  and  person  to  the  Government  in  the  dirk 
days  in  raising  regiments  and  in  doing  every  thing  for  the  protection  of 
the  Government  He  did  his  duty  thoroughly,  and  he  left  life  with  tbe 
idea  that,  having  lived  long  and  honorably,  he  had  provided  safely  and 
[  liberally  for  his  widow  and  for  his  family.    He  was  patriotic  and  large- 

i  hearted.    He  had  acquire<l  much  property.    He  directed  that  more  than 

'  half  of  his  property  should  be  distributed  to  the  many  charities  he  favored. 

I  He  took  one  million  two  or  three  hundred  thousand  dollars  and  dis- 

j  tributed  it  among  the  largest  charities  in  the  country  and  among  very 

{  worthy  iudividusJs.    These  legacies  and  these  charities  all  had  to  be 

paid  in  money  by  the  executors.    Not  supposing  that  anything  of  this 
I  kind  might  happen,  and  that  the  property  he  had  left  might  he  depre- 

I  ciated  in  any  way  so  as  to  seriously  affect  his  wife,  his  grandson,  and  bis 

!  family,  a  large  amount,  two  millions  of  property,  he  left  in  this  stock, 

which  he  considered  a  good  6  per  cent,  investment,  for  their  support. 
He  left  it  in  trust.  All  that  money  has  been  paid  out.  The  residue  of 
his  property  is  very  largely  in  this  stock.  His  wife  and  grandson  will 
probably  depend  largely  upon  this  two  millions  of  property  that  he  has 
left  in  telegraph  stock  for  their  support,  and  the  executors  are  to  hold 
it  from  year  to  year.  If  that  is  to  be  in  any  way  depreciated,  so  that 
the  property  shall  be  destroyed  by  any  measure  of  this  kind,  you  can 
see  how  harsh,  how  severe  that  is,  not  to  say  unkind  and  ungrateful  to 
such  a  man,  and  how  bad  the  policy  is  whereby  a  man  who  has  spent  bis 
whole  life,  has  lived  to  an  old  age  andacquir^  property  with  an  idea  of 
taking  care  of  bis  family,  without  any  fault  of  his  own,  one  year  after  be 
has  gone  has  the  whole  thing  swept  away  or  depreciated  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  this  may  be.  That  is  simply  an  illustration  of  the  wrong  that 
may  be  done  by  careless  legislation  on  these  subjects.  I  do  not  say  that 
private  rights  and  private  advantages  are  to  stand  in  the  way  of  great 
public  measures.  I  do  not  say  that.  That  would  be  very  unreasonable^ 
very  un-American,  and  very  shoil;  sighted.  But  I  do  say  that  at  the 
same  time  you  accomplish  measures  which  are  for  the  public  good — if 
you  think  they  are  for  the  public  good — ^it  is  very  easy  to  take  care  of 
all  interests  of  this  kind  and  to  do  no  wrong  to  private  individuals. 
That  is  the  burden  of  my  remarks  here  on  this  point. 

How  would  you  do  this  T  1  think  the  i>olicy  of  this  Govermnent  in 
regard  to  railroads  and  in  regard  to  taking  private  properfyis  very 
pronounced.  We  have  a  long  course  of  measures  in  this  country  where 
we  take  private  property  for  railroads.  We  have  a  measure  that  is  con- 
sidered perfectly  fair,  that  is  at  any  rate  the  beat  that  can  be  devised 
under  the  circumstances,  of  having  the  property  valued  under  the  rights 
*  of  eminent  domain.  We  have  a  right  to  take  property  that  belongs  to 
any  private  individual  and  devote  it  to  the  public  good.    The  re^tric- 


STATEMENT   OF   HExNUY   DAY,    EXECUTOR.  153 

tious  are  such  on  that  subject,  however,  that  yoa  cannot  do  it  under 
the  Constitution,  and  certainly  cannot  do  it  under  legislative  authority 
in  any  State  in  this  Union,  without  the  fairest  opportunity  being  given 
of  valuing  that  property  and  taking  it  at  an  appraisal  which  shall  be 
just.  That  is  to  say,  justice  is  at  the  bottom  and  is  the  element  that 
guides  in  all  directions  on  this  subject.  That  is  simply  what  I  waut 
to  impress  upon  the  committee.  How  can  it  be  done!  If  it  must 
be  done,  if  this  telegraph  service,  which  1  think  can  be  done  better 
by  private  hands,  is  to  be  done  by  the  Government,  how  can  it  be 
donet  For  my  part  I  firmly  believe  that  you  can  never  do  it  better 
than  the  Western  Union  does  it.  I  do  not  believe  anything  can  be  done 
on  better  business  principles.  I  do  not  believe  it  can  be  done  more  eco- 
nomically than  the  Western  Union  does  it  But  if  you  think  ecouomy 
or  the  public  good  demands  that  the  Oovemment  should  control  this 
telegraphic  service,  then  it  seems  to  me  this  course  ought  to  be  taken : 
The  whole  telegraph  property  of  the  company  ought  to  be  taken  at  its 
commercial  market  value.  I  do  not  say  to  charge  any  inflated  prices. 
I  do  not  say  to  charge  the  cost,  because  that  would  be  exceedingly 
wrong — to  fix  ex)st  of  the  thing  as  it  is  now.  Why  would  it  be  wrongt 
For  the  reason  that  the  cost  of  a  thing  now  and  the  cost  of  a  thing  away 
back  ten  or  fifteen  years,  when  they  began  to  experiment  with  and  to 
develop  this  business,  are  two  entirely  different  things.  These  tele- 
graph companies  have  put  the  telegraphs  in  out-of-the-way  places,  and 
have  expended  money  in  the  purchase  of  wires  of  a  kind  or  instruments 
of  a  kind  that  did  not  operate,  and  you  would  have  the  advantage  of  all 
that.  The  present  day  has  the  advantage  of  all  those  improvements. 
It  is  not  fair  to  charge  it  upon  the  companies  that  have  paid  this  bill 
and  have  necessarily  developed  all  this  knowledge  and  information,  and 
say,  *' We  will  take  it  at  what  you  have  paid  for  it."  That  is  not  fair,  it 
strikes  me. 

It  would  not  be  fair,  either,  it  seems  to  me,  and  I  should  say  it  would 
be  almost  mean,  for  the  Government  simply  to  put  up  a  few  lines  between 
the  great  centers  and  the  great  capitals  and  say,  "We  will  freeze  you 
out,  it*  we  cannot  do  anything  else.  We  will  take  the  lines  where  the 
money  is  made,  and  we  will  leave  you  the  offshoots  and  the  bi-anches 
that  ramify  off  into  the  fields  and  into  the  distant  Territories.  Where 
the  money  is  made  between  the  gre^t  capitals,  there  we  will  build  the 
lines,  and  the  Government  shall  have  the  advantage  of  them.'^  I  think 
that  would  be  a  pretty  mean  measure. 

Senator  Wilson.  Do  you  think  in  determining  the  fair  price  of 
property  like  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  property  it  would  or  would 
not  he  right  to  consider  the  question  as  to  the  amount  of  personal  capi- 
tal that  went  into  the  development  of  the  property,  and  the  amount  of 
capital  that  went  in  from  the  receipts  of  the  business,  in  other  words 
that  furnished  by  the  public  t 

Mr.  Day.  That  would  be  fair.  That  would  be  eminently  right  and 
fair  if  you  could  take  the  individuals  that  put  their  personal  property 
in  and  if  the  property  had  not  changed  hands.  But  with  eighty  millions 
of  capital  changing  every  day,  the  men  that  bought  stock  yesterday 
are  not  the  men  that  held  it  when  they  first  put  their  money  in.  You 
are  doing  a  wrong.  The  chairman  might  have  bought  yesterday  West- 
ern Union  at  76,  might  have  put  half  his  fortune  into  the  purchase  of 
it.  The  personal  capital  in  it  and  the  accumulation  from  profits,  as  you 
say,  might  have  been  decided  five  years  ago,  probably  would  have  been 
decided  five  or  ten  years  ago,  if  you  could  trace  it.  The  chairman  does 
not  get  any  advantage  by  the  small  amount  that  was  put  in  or  the 


\ 


i 


t 


154 


STATEMENT   OF  HENBT   DAY,    EXECUTOR. 


profits  that  have  been  made  upon  it.  He  suffers,  notwithstandiDg  what 
Mr.  Jay  Gould  or  somebody  else  has  made  in  the  past.  That  is  the  dif- 
ficulty. ' 

Senator  Wilson.  If  the  power  belongs  to  Congress  to  do  this  thing 
which  we  are  now  considering,  does  not  the  risk  that  every  man  taiies 
m  view  of  the  past  exercise  of  that  power  become  an  element  in  the 
investment  which  he  makes? 

Mr.  Day.  There  is  no  doubt  of  that;  but 

Senator  Wilson.  Is  not  that  risk  one  of  the  features  of  the  case  to 
be  considered  in  our  resolution  of  it,  as  much  as  the  chance  that  he  took 
of  not  having  it  disturbed  at  all  by  Governmental  action  f 

Mr.  Day.  I  know  you  want  to  be  practical,  gentlemen ;  you  may  pot 
very  nice  theories  which  are  not  practical. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  merely  put  the  matter  in  this  way  to  draw  out 
your  views. 

Mr.  Day.  As  a  legal  theory,  that  is  coiTect.  There  is  no  doubt  about 
that.  But  practically  no  man  buys  anything  in  that  way.  In  the  case 
of  all  the  immense  property  that  is  held  by  corporations  in  this  country, 
no  man  thinks,  "  This  may  be  taken  by  Government  under  the  right 
of  eminent  domain,  and  therefore  I  ought  to  look  out  and  not  give  so 
much."  It  is  exactly  such  a  case  as  this  would  be:  Suppose  yon  buy  a 
nice  piece  of  corner  property  in  one  of  the  cities  that  was  wanted  for 
the  terminus  of  a  railroad,  and  you  should  give  w^hat  you  considered  a 
pretty  large  price  for  it  because  you  thought  it  was  going  to  be  a  very 
fine  business  site.  Now  the  railroad  comes  along  and  wants  to  get  that 
under  the  right  of  eminent  domain.  They  value  the  property.  The 
argument  on  one  side  is  your  argument  that  the  value  of  this  property 
should  not  be  founded  upon  its  absolute  worth  now  without  any  likeli- 
hood of  its  having  been  taken.  The  railroad  says :  ^^But  the  man  who 
bought  it  ought  to  have  remembered  that  this  property  might  be  taken 
in  and  should  not  have  given  a  fancy  price  for  it.  He  should  have  re- 
membered that  this  property  could  be  taken  out  of  his  hands  for  rail- 
road purposes."  You  would  not  hear  such  an  argument  as  that.  It 
would  not  be  right  and  fair,  because  it  is  so  remote  that  no  one  of  us, 
unless  we  are  wonderfully  shrewd  and  acute,  would  think  of  applying 
the  principle. 

Senator  Wilson.  Is  not  the  principle  applied  every  time  that  Con- 
gress enacts  a  general  bankrupt  law? 

Mr.  Day.  I  do  not  think  it  moves  on  the  principle  of  the  bankrupt 
law.    It  reaches  further  than  that. 

Senator  Wilson.  Every  person  who  enters  into  a  private  contract 
with  another  does  it  theoretically,  at  leai^^t,  in  view  of  the  possible  exer- 
cise of  that  power  by  Congress  which  may  terminate  that  contract  at  a 
very  small  percentage  of  the  amount  due  thereon. 

Mr.  Day.  I  have  seen  a  great  many  contracts,  but  I  never  drew  one 
or  saw  one  that  was  upon  that  theory — upon  the  theory  that  as  a  man 
worth  a  hundred  or  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  might  fail,  therefore 
he  should  be  charged  a  very  much  higher  rate  than  he  would  ordinarily 
be  charged.  I  have  never  made  any  such  provision  as  that  in  a  contract 
on  account  of  the  possibility  of  a  bankrupt  law. 

Senator  Wilson.  Still  it  is  an  element  that  enters  into  every  con- 
tract, is  it  not! 

Mr.  Day.  It  is  so  remote  that  the  Government  ought  not  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  such  a  possibility.  That  is  my  theory.  It  is  so  remote  and 
so  technical  that  you  really  cannot  do  business  on  that  basis. 


STATEMENT   OP   HENRY   DAY,    EXECUTOR.  155 

Senator  W1L.SON.  Suppose  there  should  1>e  an  application  of  that 
principle  in  a  case  such  as  we  are  now  considering.  What,  in  your 
judgment,  would  be  the  tendency  of  that  upon  the  development  of  cor- 
porate property  in  the  future  out  of  the  i>rofits  of  the  company  and  not 
out  of  the  private  capital  of  the  stockholders  f  ^ 

Mr.  Day.  I  think  in  the  first  place,  if  such  a  principle  as  that  was 
present  before  the  minds  of  gentlemen  who  were  thinkiug  of  going  into 
corporations,  they  would  say,  "  I  am  not  going  into  any  such  business 
as  that.  I  am  not  going  to  put  my  money  into  any  enterprise  that  may 
be  subject  to  the  inroads  of  the  Government  and  the  interference  of  the 
Government  at  any  time  to  sweep  it  all  away.  It  is  so  uncertain  a 
matter  that  I  will  not  go  into  if  I  think  everybodj^  would  say  that, 
and  that  it  would  tend  to  break  down  and  destroy  all  the  enterprise  in 
the  country. 

Senator  Wilson.  If  in  this  case  that  element  were  not  present,  do  you 
think  there  would  have  been  the  demand,  whether  greater  small,  now 
seeming  to  exist  for  interference  by  the  Government  in  regard  to  the 
busin<ws  of  telegraphy  in  this  country  T  In  other  words,  if  the  parties 
had  put  their  personal  capital  into  the  development  of  this  business  ex- 
clusively, instead  of  the  greater  or  less  proportion  of  it  being  derived 
from  the  business  itself,  do  you  suppose  that  the  same  seeming  demand 
for  interference  on  the  part  of  the  Government  would  have  occurred  ? 

Mr.  Day.  Perhaps  not. 

Senator  Wilson.  If  not,  what  is  your  judgment  as  to  the  effect  of 
the  application  in  a  greater  or  less  degree  of  that  principle  in  this  or 
some  other  case  t 

Mr.  Day.  I  see  no  chance  of  that  principle  working  in  anything  else 
in  this  country  now.  I  do  not  think  you  are  going  into  the  iron  busi- 
ness or  the  railroad  business,  although  you  might  do  it  constitutionally, 
you  might  do  it,  perhaps,  economically,  and  you  might  do  it  just  as 
well.  But  I  think  that  all  of  those  principles  are,  as  I  have  said  before, 
80  remote  and  contingent,  that  parties  in  business  who  do  not  stop  to 
reason  as  lawyers  or  Senators  reason,  cannot  do  their  business  on  that 
basis.    If  that  were  the  case  they  never  would  do  any  business,  I  think. 

Senator  Maxey.  I  think  your  idea  is  that  in  the  exercise  of  the  right 
of  eminent  domain  by  the  Government  the  business  man  looks  to  the 
proximate  and  not  to  the  remote  cause  of  interference  by  the  Govern- 
ment. 

Mr.  Day.  Yes. 

Senator  Maxey.  He  simply  applies  that  maxim  of  the  law  in  his 
business  transactions  T 

Mr.  Day.  Yes,  sir. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  have  been  putting  my  questions  because  they  are 
running  more  or  less  through  not  only  my  mind  but  the  minds  of  others, 
and  I  want  to  draw  out  from  you,  looking  at  it  from  a  different  stand- 
I)oint,  your  views  in  regard  to  the  subject. 

Mr.  Day.  The  very  nice  distinctions  have  not  occurred  to  me  as  much 
as  they  have  to  3'ou,  and  I  may  not  answer  as  intelligently  as  I  other- 
wise would. 

The  Chairman.  Can  you  inform  us  what  this  stock  cost  the  estate  t 

Mr.  Day.  I  would  not  like  to  misrepresent  that  in  any  way. 

The  CHAIRMAN;  Was  it  bought  beiore.  the  late  heavy  stock  dividends 
were  declared  t 

Mr.  Day.  The  governor  had  a  small  amount  of  stock  at  the  time  this 
change  was  made — what  they  call  watering  of  the  stock.  He  bought 
the  bulk  of  the  stock  within  a  year  or  a  year  and  a  half.    He  was  a 


I 


t 


156  STATEMENT   OF   HENBT   DAY,    EXECUTOR. 

large  dealer.  He  always  made  Western  Union  a  subject  of  investment, 
and  sometimes  boaght  a  million  or  two  millions  of  stock  at  a  time  when 
he  considered  it  very  low,  and  if  it  got  above  100  he  wonld  always  sell  it 
He  always  said,  "  When  it  is  below  par  I  consider  it  very  cheap  stock.'' 

The  Chairman.  On  the  whole,  it  has  been  a  very  profitable  specula- 
tion, has  it  not  t 

Mr.  Day.  I  would  not  like  to  say  at  present,  for  I  do  not  know  whether 
it  has  or  not.  I  suppose  that  the  governor  has  made  money  oat  of 
Western  Union,  as  he  was  a  man  that  made  money  out  of  almost  every- 
thing that  he  touched.  He  was  a  very  shrewd  and  intelligent  man  in 
Lis  investments. 

1  would  like  to  say  a  word  more:  1  think  that  one  of  the  bugbears  of 
this  whole  matter,  and  one  that  has  given  rise,  to  a  great  extent,  to  this 
proposition  on  the  part  of  the  Government  to  control  the  telegraph,  is 
the  danger  of  consolidation.  1  do  not  wonder  that  it  is  a  bugbear,  hut 
I  wonld  like  to  make  one  remark  in  regard  to  it  The  policy  seems  to 
have  been,  heretofore,  that  when  there  came  up  any  rival  or  any  compet- 
itor in  this  business,  they  would  either  be  bought  out  or  would  be  leased, 
or  a  combination  wonld  be  made  with  them — in  other  words,  that  they 
would  be  controlled.  That  has  been  the  policy  heretofore.  But  yon 
cau  see  very  well,  and  we  who  are  in  the  city  know  Very  well,  that  that 
business  is  at  an  end.  It  is  a  self-destroying  i)olicy.  It  only  induces 
people  to  build  more  lines,  and  it  swells  itself  to  such  dimensions — it  had 
got  to  such  dimensions  now — that  if  they  should  attempt  to  do  that 
again  it  would  break  the  whole  thing  to  pieces.  It  could  not  possibly 
be  done.  It  destroys  itself.  It  simply  holds  out  an  inducement  for 
corporations  or  people  to  come  forwani  and  be  bought  out.  The  West- 
ern Union  has  got  three  companies  on  their  hands  now.  Ck>mpetition 
has  got  to  go  on.  That  is  the  safety  of  oar  country.  The  Western 
Union  can  never  again  combine  with  or  control  any  other  companies. 
It  would  not  be  allowed.  It  is  not  allowed  by  law.  You  know  prob- 
ably that  to  combine  with  other  companies,  to  buy  the  stock  of  other 
companies  or  to  lease  other  companies,  is  against  the  law  of  every 
State.  It  is  against  the  common  law  of  corporations.  It  cannot  be 
done  except  by  special  legislation.  It  so  happened  that  in  New  York 
some  ten  or  fifteen  years  ago,  when  nobody  thought  of  anything  of 
this  kind,  permission  was  given  to  unite,  which  they  thought  was  a 
good  thing,  because  it  allowed  the  business  to  be  done  cheaper.  Tliey 
permitted  that  by  special  legislation.  It  is  not  the  case,  however  as  a 
rule,  in  any  other  {State.  I  have  been  trying  for  a  number  of  years 
to  get  a  bill  through  the  legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York  to  allow 
corporations  to  combine  and  consolidate.  I  cannot  get  it.  Money  will 
not  buy  it.  The  gas  companies  of  New  York  offered  $50,000  to  anybody 
that  would  j)reseut  them  a  bill  for  that  purjiose.  So  that  the  law  itself 
protects  the  Government  and  the  citizen  in  almost  all  the  States  against 
these  combinations,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  that  law  will  be  altered 
in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  that  they  will  not  allow  that  thing  any 
more.  It  is  destroying  the  Western  Union.  It  is  swelling  its  capacity 
to  such  dimensions  that  it  cannot  stand  it  any  more.  Everybody  sup- 
posed it  could  not  liv'e  under  the  present  status  of  $80,000,000. 

The  Chaibman.  An  increase  does  not  look  any  more  impracticable 
now  than,  it  did  when  the  stock  was  at  $40,000,000t  The  present  pros- 
pect of  an  increase  to  $U;0,000,000  is  as  great,  is  it  not! 

Mr.  Day.  Hl  you  were  on  the  ground  you  would  see  that  it  is  not. 
When  you  get  it  ui3  to  $80,000,000  you  cannot  enlarge  it  much  more. 
The  people  will  not  stand  it.    They  have  got  it  now  so  that  you  cannot 


STATEMENT   OF   UENBY   DAY,    EXECUTOR.  157 

possibly  get  more  than  6  per  cent,  ou  it.  That  is  the  best  that  can  be 
done,  as  you  will  see.  The  principle  cannot  be  maintained  that  every 
person  or  corporation  who  puts  up  a  few  lines  of  telegraph  can  be  bought 
out  at  double  the  value  of  the  stock.  Of  course,  that  would  induce  every- 
body to  go  into  it.    It  destroys  itself. 

The  Chairman.  Why  do  you  think  Western  Union  stock  will  not 
yield  over  6  per  cent.,  when  the  published  statements  of  the  Western 
Union  Company  show  that  they  earned  over  9  per  cent,  last  year  above 
every  expense,  construction  and  all  T 

Mr.  Day.  That  may  be.  But  take  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio.  We  al) 
want  to  be  reasonable*  What  is  the  effect,  if  competition  can  exist — and 
I  say  it  must?  There  must  be  competition.  I  say  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio,  the  Merchants  and  Bankers',  and  three  or  four  others  never  can 
be  combined  with  the  Western  Union.  If  com])i*tition  can  exist,  that 
will  take  care  of  the  rates.  As  a  matter  of  economy,  the  Government 
does  not  need  to  lift  its  hand.  The  business  will  be  reduced  to  such  a 
point  that  it  will  only  be  a  good  paying  business.  When  it  is  swelled 
up  to  10  or  15  per  cent.,  competition  again  brings  it  down.  We  know  in 
this  country  that  every  business  presenting  such  opportunities  is  over- 
done. It  is  shown  every  day.  They  are  building  these  telegraph  lines 
all  the  time  and  will  reduce  the  price  of  telegraphy  so  that  it  will  neces- 
saril}'  only  be  a  good  paying  business.  The  principle  of  business  as  it 
has  operated  in  every  case  will  apply  here.  Competition  will  bring  it 
down.  I  have  not  the  least  question  about  that.  I  think  as  a  matter 
of  good  legislation  that  the  Western  Union  had  better  be  left  to  take 
care  of  itself.  Foster  the  other  companies  and  let  the  other  companies 
develop,  and  it  will  bring  the  profits  of  telegraphing  down  to  the  lowest 
minimum  of  living  rates.  If  that  is  not  wise,  I  think  that  yon  ought  to 
appoint  a  commission  to  take  all  the  telegraph  property  in  the  country 
in  your  own  hands  and  manage  it.  You  can  do  it  for  one-half  the  rates 
that  are  charged  now.  For  instance,  suppose  you  issue  a  hundred  mill- 
ion or  eighty  million  of  three  per  cent,  bonds  and  buy  this  property  up 
at  its  present  market  rate.  Then  you  are  getting  for  3  per  cent,  the  8 
or  9  per  cent,  that  is  now  earned,  and  you  can  of  course  reduce  your 
messages  66  per  cent.,  and  that  is  as  cheap  as  you  want  them.  You 
will  never  do  it  so  cheap  again.    That  is  an  easy  way  to  do  justice. 

The  Chairman^  Suppose  it  should  appear  that  we  could  get  just  as 

food  a  property  for  $20,000,000  as  we  would  get  in  this  way  for 
80,000,000 ;  do  you  think  it  would  be  our  duty  to  pay  $80,000,000 1 

Mr.  Day.  I  do.  I  think  that  the  $60,000,000  you  would  save  you 
would  take  right  out  of  the  pockets  of  men  who  have  spent  their 
money,  of  dead  men  who  have  gone  to  their  reward  and  left  their  es- 
tates in  the  way  that  Governor  Morgan  has  left  his.  I  think  you  would 
take  $1,000,000  away  from  him^  away  from  a  man  who  depended  upon 
justice  being  done  him.  I  think  m  the  ten  thousand  cases  you  would  take 
it  away  from  widows  and  orphans.  What  is  it  t  What  is  $40,000,000 
compared  with  doing  justice  and  setting  an  example  of  truth  and  honor 
and  honesty  in  a  Government  t  It  is  not  anything.  It  is  not  worth  notice. 
I  think  that  every  honorable  individual  member  of  the  Government 
ought  to  say,  "  Gentlemen,  if  we  are  going  to  do  this  we  will  pay  the 
bill.'' 

Senator  Palmer.  I  understood  you  to  say  that  you  could  show  a 
way  whereby  Government  control  could  be  exercised  without  the  inva- 
sion of  private  rights. 

Mr.  Day.  I  did.  I  mean  just  what  I  have  been  saying  now.  If  they 
do  take  the  property  under  the  right  of  eminent  domain,  let  them  take 


M 


1  t 


I  158  STATEMENT   OF   HENBY   DAY,    EXECUTOR. 

it  at  its  fair  commercial  value,  at  a  fair  legal  rate.  I  Bay  it  would  be 
ju8t  to  take  it  as  it  stands  now.  I  do  not  think  you  are  obliged  to  in- 
flate it.  The  property  is  worth  so  much  in  the  market.  If  you  pass  a 
bill  now  I  think  it  would  be  just  to  say,  "  We  take  it  at  it«  present  mar- 
ket rate.'' 
1  Senator  Palmer.  That  would  be  a  purchase,  not  regulation  or  sap^- 

vision. 
;  Mr.  Day.  If  it  is  to  be  regulated,  then  I  would  let  such  a  company  as 

the  Western  Union  run  it.  Regulate  the  prices  and  let  them  get  a  fair 
rate  on  their  money.  I  do  not  think  it  would  be  objectionable  to  say, 
*^  Gentlemen,  you  shall  have  6  per  cent,  upon  your  proi)erty  and  no 
more." 

The  Chairmman.  You  think  there  is  going  to  be  a  strong  competi- 
tion, do  you  not  t 

Mr.  Day.  I  know  there  is. 

The  Chairman.  And  that  is  going  to  hurt  the  Western  Union  f 

Mr.  Day.  I  know  that.  That  is  what  I  say.  I  say  that  competition  will 
take  care  of  the  rates.  I  know  there  is  going  to  be  competition.  I  know 
the  Western  Union  cannot  buy  any  more.  I  know  the  directors  and 
the  president  and  all  the  officers.  I  have  got  some  of  the  stock.  I  have 
been  in  it  for  years  and  years,  and  I  know  they  cannot  take  in  any  more. 
It  will  break  the  whole  thing  down  by  its  own  weight. 

Senator  Palmer.  Suppose  we  should  pass  an  act  by  which  they  were 
to  receive  only  6  i)er  cent.  Do  you  not  think  that  would  be  liable  to 
evasion! 

Mr.  Day.  I  do  not,  because  I  think  the  Government  could  control  it 

Senator  Palmer.  Would  there  not  be  evasion  by  the  payment  of  im- 
mense salaries  and  by  rebates  to  particular  parties,  &c.  T 
t  Mr.  Day.  Put  a  clause  in  your  bill  to  the  effect  that  all  those  ques- 

tions shall  be  matters  of  Government  control,  subject  to  revision  and 
subject  to  examination.    There  is  no  difficulty  in  that  matter. 

Senator  Palmer.  You  would  favor  the  establishment  of  a  censor- 
ship! 

Mr.  Day.  I  would.  If  I  was  going  to  have  any  Government  inter- 
ference, I  would  have  it  thorough.  I  would  have  it  carried  out  so  that 
there  would  be  no  evasion.  I  would  have  it  honorable  and  honest  on 
both  sides. 

Senator  Wilson.  Do  you  think  yen  could,  withoul  too  much  trouble, 
formulate  that  i<iea  into  a  bill  that  we  might  consider  T 

Mr.  Day.  I  am  a  very  busy  man  in  my  profession,  and  I  am  not  a 

Congressional  lawyer.    I  think  I  can  do  it,  but  I  ^ould  want  a  month 

for  it.    I  should  not  want  to  do  anything  hastily  in  this  matter.    It  is 

very  far-reaching.    The  truth  is  that  now  you  are  adopting  a  policy 

i  that  is  going  to  reach  through  the  future  history  of  this  Government. 

Senator  Maxey.  Let  me  refer  to  a  point  upon  which  you  have  al- 
ready touched.  Take  Texas,  the  State  in  which  I  live;  we  have  there 
very  stringent  laws  against  one  company  absorbing  comx>eting  compa- 
nies. I  i)re8ume  they  also  have  in  other  States,  but  I  only  speak  for 
my  own  Stiite. 
;  Mr.  Day.  It  is  the  common  law  in  this  country.    It  is  not  so  in  Eng- 

*  land,  but  it  is  so  in  every  State  in  this  country. 

Senator  Maxey.  We  have  a  statute  which  is  peremptory  in  forbid- 
ding any  competing  company  to  absorb  another.  That  question  has 
been  passed  upon  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  Florida  Teh?graph  case 
80  far  as  the  iuter-feiate  commerce  and  commercial  power  of  the  Govern- 
ment is  concerned.    What  would  prevent  the  Government  of  the  United 


STATEMENT   OF   HENRT   DAY,    EXECUTOR.  159 

States  from  passing  an  act  which  woald  prohibit  a  company  from  absorb- 
ing competing  companies,  in  other  words,  making  a  national  statute 
which  would  carry  out  the  object  of  many  of  the  State  statutes  in  re- 
spect of  competition? 

Mr.  Day.  If  you  could  bring  it  under  the  provisions  of  the  Constitu- 
tion in  regard  to  inter-State  commerce,  I  think  it  might  be  done,  but  I 
would  not  advisedly  say  so. 

Senator  Maxey.  I  s{)eak  from  memory  as  to  the  telegraph  case  in 
Florida.    I  think  it  goes  pretty  far  that  way. 

Mr.  Day.  My  view  about  these  eombiuations  and  consolidations  now 
is  that  where  one  line  reaches  over  into  another  State,  and  the  organi- 
zation is  under  different  States,  and  you  have  charters  in  different 
States,  that  the  combination  and  consolidation  permitted  in  the  State 
of  New  York  does  not  reach  into  other  States,  and  that  they  can  inter- 
fere with  it  and  stop  it. 

Senator  Maxey.  For  exam|)le,  suppose  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Cpm- 
pany  extends  its  lines,  as  it  is  now  endeavoring  to  do,  down  into  my 
State.  I  insist  that  my  State  has  a  perfect  right  to  apply  its  laws  to 
that  company.  But  I  am  speaking  of  a  general  statute  to  cover  the 
point. 

Mr.  Day.  In  the  State  of  New  York  the  special  statute  authorizes  to 
companies  to  combine  or  one  to  buy  the  stock  of  another;  but  the 
moment  you  get  over  into  another  State  they  can  interfere.  I  have  a 
view  now  with  regard  to  the  Western  Union  consolidations  in  all  of 
these  cases  where  they  go  from  State  to  State,  that  the  States  can  in- 
terfere with  them  if  the  stockholders  choose  to  bring  the  matter  up. 
It  follows  from  that  that  the  attorney-general  of  any  of  those  States 
can  interfere,  because  corporations  are  not  only  the  creatures  of  States, 
but  they  are  in  a  certain  sense  the  agents  of  States.  They  get  great 
powers  from  the  State,  and  the  State  has  control  over  them  and  has  a 
right  to  see  that  they  do  exactly  what  the  various  statutes  require  and 
authorize,  and  serve  the  public  in  the  way  in  which  they  are  authorized 
to  serve  the  public.  Therefore  the  attorney-general  of  any  State  can 
intervene  when  a  corporation  is  not  doing  its  duty  and  say,  ^^  Either  yon 
must  perform  the  duties  that  you  were  authorized  to  perform  or  we 
shall  take  your  charter  away."  There  are  thousands  of  ways  of  pro- 
tecting it,  gentlemen. 

Senator  Sawyer.  I  would  like  to  ask  you  a  question.  Do  you  think 
we  have  the  right  to  fix  for  the  present  telegraph  companies  a  maximum 
rate  that  they  cannot  go  beyond?  We  have  done  that  in  our  State  on 
the  railroads,  and  the  Supreme  Court  sustained  the  action. 

Mr.  Day.  I  think  so  as  between  State  and  State;  but  I  am  sure  yon 
would  have  no  right  to  interfere  in  States.  For  instance,  the  Western 
Union,  if  organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  would  be 
governed  in  the  State  of  New  York  by  those  laws.  You  cannot  interfere 
with  the  rates  there.    There  is  that  reservation. 

Senator  Wilson.  Sup])ose  the  attorneys-general  of  the  several  States 
should  make  that  movement  and  interfere  with  the  consolidations  which 
have  been  made ;  would  not  that  have  an  effect  on  the  Western  Union 
very  nearly  similar  in  its  nature  and  extent  to  that,  which  interference 
here  would  have! 

Mr.  Day.  I  am  very  much  afraid  it  would.  I  should  not  want  to  buy 
any  stock  under  those  circumstances. 

Senator  Wilson.  Therefore  that  i>ower  to  interfere  is  a  present  one 
in  the  case. 


i  160  STATEMENT   OP  HENBT   DAT,    EXECUTOR. 

Mr.  Day.  That  is  what  I  say.  It  is  a  present  one  reserved  to  the 
States  themselves. 

ISenator  Wilson.  Then  this  would  not  be  injecting  a  new  danger  into 
the  case  f 

Mr.  Day.  No,  sir;  I  think  not.  I  think  the  Gk>vemment  has  a  right 
of  controlling  inter-State  communications  and  inter-State  commerce. 
There  is  no  question  about  that.  They  have  been  constantly  increasiDg 
their  power  in  that  direction,  and  probably  always  will  have  it. 


BRIEF 


OF  ABOUMENT  BEFORE  THE  COMMITTEE  ON  POST-OFFICES  AND  POST- 
BOA  DS,  UNITED  STATES  SENATE,  FEBBUABY  14,  1884,  IN  BEHALF  OF 
THE  ESTATE  OF  EX-QOVEBNOB  EDWIN  D.  MOBGAN. 

I  shall  not  base  my  argument  against  the  building  of  telegraph  hnes 
by  the  Government  on  legal  or  constitutional  grounds,  but  on  grounds 
of  policy,  economy,  and  justice  to  private  citizens.  I  appear  as  the  ex- 
ecutor of  Edwin  D.  Morgan,  deceased,  whose  estate  is  largely  interested 
in  telegraph  stocks. 

I.  The  Government  ought  not  to  engage  in  any  business  enterprise 
which  can  as  efficiently  be  done  by  citizens.  It  leads  to  patronage  aud 
corruption.  It  implies  an  immense  array  of  office-holders  and  office- 
seekers. 

II.  The  building  of  telegraph  lines  by  the  Government  is  not  de- 
manded 'by  the  public  good. 

(a.)  The  telegraph  service  is  as  nearly  perfect  now  as  it  can  be,  and 
no  one  complains. 

(h.)  The  only  reason  given  for  the  measure  is  the  reduction  of  price 
in  telegraphic  communication.  This  has  been  and  is  being  accomplisbed 
every  year  by  construction  of  new  and  competing  lines.  Look  at  re- 
duction of  prices  in  the  last  ten  years,  and  at  the  new  lines  built  and 
now  building.  It  is  no  answer  to  say  these  will  be  bought  up  by  the 
Western  Union.  This  process  of  consolidation  must  stop.  It  works 
the  destruction  of  the  absorbing  company,  by  ever  stimulating  new 
lines.    It  is  a  self-destroying  process,  and  will  go  no  further. 

(o.)  New  lines  will  be  built  as  long  as  the  business  is  profitable.  The 
same  rules  of  competition  which  holds  in  railroad  and  manufacturing 
business  does  and  will  hold  here,  and  they  are  certain  to  operate  in  the 
reduction  of  telegraph  rates  to  as  low  or  lower  point  than  the  Govern- 
ment can  afford  to  do  it.  Why,  then,  as  far  as  eocpense  is  concerned, 
should  not  the  telegraph  business  be  allowed  to  woii  itself  to  fair  rates, 
like  all  other  business,  without  Government  interference? 

If  Government  does  not  intervene,  nothing  will  stop  the  multiplica- 
tion of  telegraph  lines  but  the  want  of  business  for  them  and  inade- 
quate remuneration. 

{d.)  Again,  it  is  contrary  to  the  common  law  in  this  country  for  cor- 
porations to  consolidate,  lease  the  works,  or  buy  the  stock  or  control 
another.  It  can  be  done  only  by  special  legislation.  The  Western 
Union  obtained  this  special  legislation  in  New  York,  but  in  most  States 
it  does  not  exist,  and  it  can  be  repealed  in  all  States  when  the  public 
demand  it. 


STATEMENT   OP  HENBT   DAY,    EXECUTOR,  161 

III.  It  is  not  necessaiy  for  the  Government  to  interfere  for  the  integ- 
rity of  the  poBtaJ  service.  There  is  a  marked  difference  between  the 
postal  service  and  telegraph  service.  In  this  country  particularly  uine- 
tenths  of  the  telegraph  service  is  purely  abodt  business,  and  mostly 
speculative  business  in  stocks  and  options,  and  the  Government  might 
safely  leave  it  to  be  governed  by  the  general  rules  of  business,  and  re- 
lieve itself  of  a  great  responsibility,  and  free  itself  £rom  a  source  of 
political  corruption. 

•  lY.  My  chief  objection  to  a  Government  telegraph  is  that  it  is  a 
great  injustice  to  private  citizens. 

The  Government  should  be  the  fountain  of  justice^  the  example  for  all 
honor  and  fairness.  If  it  is  fidthless  to  its  obligations  and  careless  of 
the  rights  of  its  citizens,  its  influence  is  only  demoralizing.  The  citi- 
jsen  regards  it  as  his  enemy,  and  will  defend  himself  by  endeavoring  to 
control  legislation  by  improper  methods.  The  i^justice  to  the  citizen 
in  this  case  is  apparent. 

(a.)  The  present  lines  of  telegraph  have^  been  developed  while  the 
(Government  stood  by  and  approved  and  received  great  benefit  from 
tiiem.  They  were  at  first  ezi)eriments :  were  built  when  the  country 
was  in  need  of  them ;  many  as  extenaed  to  distant  and  out-of  the- 
way  places,  depending  on  a  future  development  of  business  to  render 
them  profitable.  It  would  be  a  great  wrong  to  private  citizeus  now  to 
destroy  all  this  property.  Would  it  not  be  almost  an  act  of  meanness 
now  for  the  Government  to  buUd  telegraph  lines  on  the  great  routes 
and  leave  aU  these  non-paying  out-of-the-way  routes  to  the  existing  com- 
panies f    Can  the  Government  afford  to  do  such  acts? 

{b.)  With  equal  propriety  might  the  Government  own  and  run  iron 
works  because  it  is  an  immense  consumer  of  all  kinds  of  iron,  or  it 
might  build  railroads  to  carry  its  mails.  It  has  never  run  a  stage- 
coach or  a  railroad  to  carry  its  mails.  It  has  hired  this  service.  Wliy 
should  it  not  hire  its  telegraph  service  ^ 

(c.)  The  building  of  telegraph  lines  would  thus  destroy  millions  of 
telegraph  property  belonging  to  tens  of  thousands  of  private  citizens, 
would  ruin  enterprises  which  it  has  for  years  fostered.  Such  a  wrong 
no  Government  can  afford  to  do. 

Y.  Governor  Morgan's  case  is  a  fair  specimen  of  the  wrong  which 
would  be  done  in  thousands  of  cases. 

He  and  his  family,  at  his  decease,  owned  20,000  shares  of  stock  of  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  and  hold  it  now.  The  majority  of 
it  was  bought  at  above  present  prices. 

He  was  for  a  long  time  director  in  this  company,  and  had  great  con- 
fidence in  this  security,  and  left  a  large  part  of  his  estate  invested  in  it. 

He  spent  a  long,  useful,  and  honor^  life  in  amassing  his  fortune.  He 
used  his  means  and  his  influence  for  his  country  in  times  of  peril.  He 
was  the  loyal  war  governor  of  New  York  in  our  dark  days,  and  pledged 
his  own  fortune  to  raise  means  to  equip  regiments  for  the  field.  He  died 
full  of  honors,  leaving,  as  he  thought,  an  ample  fortune ;  so  ample  that 
he  distributed  in  chanties  and  legacies,  outside  of  his  immediate  family, 
$1,200,000,  and  left  this  telegraph  stock,  in  amount  about  two  millions 
of  dollars,  most  of  it  as  a  trust  fund  for  the  support  and  maintenance 
of  his  family.  As  his  charities  and  legacies  must  be  paid  in  cash,  all 
loss  resulting  from  the  depreciation  of  this  stock  fall  on  his  family,  and 
works  a  great  hardship. 

This  is  but  one  instance  out  of  the  thousands  of  wrongs  which  will 
be  done  by  this  measure. 

8.  Rep.  577,  pt.  2 11 


162  BTATElCBlfT   OP  HENBT  DAT,   EXECTTTOB. 

Coald  GoTernor  Morean  liave  foreseen  such  a  contiiiKeiicy  as  tim, 
he  would  bave  altered  toe  whole  diapositiDn  of  his  estate. 

Is  there  a  pressing  need  to  justify  a  measure  which  will  work  sncli 
destmctioa  of  vala^-destn^  the  plans  of  the  dead  and  the  fortunee  of 
the  liring  1 

YL  If  this  measure  is  a  neoessity,  then  it  shoold  be  carried  ogt  io  a 
manner  so  as  to  do  no  injustice  to  present  owners  of  telegraph  stock. 

The  telegraph  property  in  the  ooantr;  shoold  be  taken  nnder  (he 
right  of  eminent  donwin,  and  paid  for  at  the  fiiir  market  and  commer- 
dal  value  of  the  same. 

It  wonld  be  giossly  ni^taat  to  take  advantage  of  all  the  improTt 
meats  which  the  telegraph  oompanles  have  developed  at  great  cost  in 
years  past,  in  building  cheap  lines  between  great  centers,  and  leave  the 
feeble  and  unprofitable  lines  to  the  present  oompaniea,  and  to  bear  the 
risk  and  burden  of  all  enterprises  and  improvements  heretofore  nndei- 
taken. 

HBNBY  DAT, 
Saeoutor  ami  OmmmI  iff  tt«  Brtate  <^  Bi,v^%  B.  Morpan^  (Md. 


BBI£F 


•. 


OF  THS 


BANKERS  MD  MERCHAOTS'  TELEGRAPH  COMPANY. 


^•^•""S^ffr-f  BXBODTTVB  OFFIOBS  '-^sSp^nrnt. 

OF  THB 

BANKERS  AND  MERCHANTS'  TELEGRAPH  COMPANY, 

No.  187  Bboadway, 
f:t  ISSC  AXeJfuSSig^.  Nbw  Tom,  FOruarp  16, 1884. 


2b  the  Ohairmtm  and  Members  of  the  OommUUe  an  Poei-Qfficei  and  Poet- 

Boade  of  the  United  Staiee  BenaU: 

OsNTLEMBN:  On  behalf  of  the  Bankers  and  Merchants'  Telegraph 
Oompany,  I  desire  to  lay  before  yon  an  exhibit  of  its  condition  and 
prospects,  together  with  a  brief  statement  of  its  plans  and  purposes. 

We  folly  appreciate  how  disastrous  it  would  be  for  the  people  and 
business  of  this  countary  to  be  left  subject  to  the  tyrannical  control  of 
ttie  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  If  there  was  no  rescue  from 
monopoly  except  by  the  strong  hand  of  Gtovemment  interference,  then 
such  interference  would  be  justified  in  its  origin  and  welcome  in  its 
results.  But  we  respectfully  claim  that  a  telegraph  system  operated 
by  the  Government  ought  not  to  be  adopted  except  as  a  last  resort, 
when  it  clearly  appears  that  the  people,  who  are  the  sufiTerers  firom  mo- 
nopoly, are  unable,  of  themselves,  to  obtain  reliefl  Such  relief  may  be 
obtained  by  means  of  competing  companies. 

Of  such  competing  companies,  the  Bankers  and  Merchants'  Telegraph 
Company  is  the  largest,  and  is,  nom  its  very  structure,  an  anti-mono^y 
and  i>opular  corporation. 

It  is  not  an  acynnct  to  a  railroad  company,  nor  is  its  teleffraphio 
apparatus  of  so  novel  and  expensive  a  kind  that  it  can  hope  to  do  busi- 
ness only  between  a  few  lar^e  cities. 

It  was  organized  in  1881,  oecause  the  then  existing  state  of  things 
was  too  oppressive  to  be  borne,  and  it  has  since  drawn  to  itself  other 
organizations  whose  charters  demanded  freedom  fronx  monopoly,  and 
consequent  independence  of  Western  Union  control  in  any  form. 

163 


'  'J 

v\l 

'    1 

I  •? 

T 

■.  i 

1 

4 

1 

164     BRIEF  OF  BANKERS  AND  MERCHANTS'  COMPANY. 

There  is  no  danger  that  this  company  will  merge  with  the  Western 
Union.  Much  of  its  most  valnable  property  has  been  acquired  on  the 
express  condition  that  in  case  it  shall  cease  to  do  bnsiness  as  an  inde- 
pendent company,  nncontroUed  by  those  whose  interests  now  lie  with 
competing  corporations,  then  the  right  to  have  or  use  such  property 
shall  cease.  And  fiirther,  in  case  of  any  such  merger  with  Western 
Union,  the  companies  now  associated  as  parts  of  the  Bankers  and  Mer- 
diants'  Telegraph  system  would  sever  their  present  connection  and  be 
free  to  continue  business  as  separate  organizations. 

Kor  can  it  be  driven  from  the  field  .by  a  war  of  rates.  Its  stock  is 
wholly  free  fit>m  '^  water'';  its  property  has  been  bought  at  fair  prices 
and  paid  for  in  cash.  By  the  excellence  of  its  telegraphic  service  it  has 
more  than  held  its  own  against  i^  its  competitOTS.  As  an  iUostration 
I  will  merely  cite  the  fact  that  it  transmits  more  of  the  dispatches  sent 
between  the  New  York  and  Philadelphia  Stock  exchanges  (a  service 
demanding  the  highest  efficiency)  than  all  other  telegraph  companies 
combined. 

It  is  one  of  the  very  few  companies  whose  operators  remained  in 
service  during  tiie  whole  of  the  great  telegraphers'  strike. 

The  Bankers  and  Merchants'  Telegraph  Company  now  has  in  opera- 
tion a  pole  mileage  of  nearly  5,000  miles,  and  a  wire  mileage  of  over 
34,000  miles,  and  has  under  contract,  now  building  and  to  be  completed 
within  a  very  few  months,  a  ftirther  wire  mileage  of  over  30,000  miles. 

1  send  herewith  a  map  of  the  United  States,  showing  our  telegraph 
system,  by  which  it  will  appear  that  we  shall,  within  a  short  time,  reach 
with  our  own  lines  from  the  great  lakes  to  the  Oulf  of  Mexico,  and  from 
the  Atlantic  to  the  Missouri  Biver,  thus  covering  all  the  territory  within 
which  the  mass  of  telegraphic  business  is  done. 

We  shall  also,  by  contracts  with  other  companies,  transmit  messages 
to  localities  not  as  yet  covered  by  our  own  lines.  A  favorable  contract 
has  also  been  made  with  a  cable  company  for  a  cable  to  Europe. 

The  Bankers  and  Merchants'  Telegraph  Company  now  has  open  400 
offices,  and  is  rapidly  establishing  district  telegraph  companies,  giving 
ample  facilities  for  collection  and  delivery  of  £spatches  in  large  cities. 

We  have  a  contract  with  the  United  flress  Associatimi  for  the  trans- 
mission of  its  news  dispatches. 

We  also  have  a  controlling  interest  in  the  United  States  Teleph<me 
Company,  which  owns  the  McDonough  patents,  and  in  the  Commercial 
Telegram  Company,  which  owns  the  Field  patents,  instruments  under 
which,  for  the  transmission  of  stock  and  produce  quotations  and  g^i- 
eral  news  items,  are  being  adopted  as  substitutes  for  those  owned  by 
the  Qold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company,  and  controlled  by  ttie  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company. 

We  are  ready  to  enter  into  a  contract  with  the  United  States  for  the 
transmission  of  telegraphic  dispatches  over  our  lines  upon  very  reason- 
able terms,  and  we  believe  that  we  can  perform  the  service  more  efficiently 
and  economically  than  it  could  be  done  by  the  Government. 
Very  respectfolly,  your  obedient  servant, 

A.  W.  DDfOCK, 
President  Bankers  a/nd  Merchants'  Telegraph  Company. 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


WALTBB  P.  PHILLIPS,  SSCBETABT  AHD  OEHERAL  KAHAOEB  OF 

THE  UJIITED  PHE8S. 


February  22/1884. 

Walter  P.  Phillips  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Ohatrman  : 

Qaestion.  Have  yon  any  statement  yon  desire  to  snbmit  to  the  commit- 
tee before  we  propose  any  questions  f — ^Answer.  I  have  taken  the  trouble, 
Mr.  Chairman,  to  prepare  some  rather  rongh  notes  on  the  subject  of  the 
telegraph  contracts  with  the  press  associations,  which  I  will  read.  I 
shall  be  very  glad  to  be  interrupted  at  any  time,  because  it  is  not  a  con- 
tinuous story,  and  I  may  throw  some  additional  light  on  the  subject  as 
I  go  along. 

I  do  not  know  what  the  prospect  may  be  of  your  passing  a  postal  tele- 
graph bill  at  this  session,  but  I  am  sure  that  Congress  should  recom- 
mend to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  some  action  contem- 
plating the  relief  of  newspapers  wMch  are  debarred  from  receiving 
Associated  Press  dispatches,  and  which  can  be  reached  by  none  but 
Western  Union  wires.  This  end  I  think  could  be  secured  by  establish- 
ing a  uniform  rate  to  the  press  associations  upon  a  basis  similar  to  that 
in  vogue  in  Europe,  and  which  is  25  cents  for  seventy-flye  words  in  the 
day-time,  and  25  cents  for  a  hundred  words  at  night  for  transmission  to 
a  single  paper  at  any  point,  with  4  cents  per  hundred  words  added  fot 
each  and  every  additional  i>aper  served  in  a  place.  According  to  tiie 
showing  made  by  President  Oreen  before  this  committee,  the  commer- 
cial rate  in  this  country,  all  things  being  considered,  is  no  higher  than 
it  is  abroad,  and  that  being  true,  I  see  no  reason  why  the  charge  for 
press  service  should  be  any  higher  than  it  is  abroad.  The  commercial 
rate  both  here  and  in  Europe  is  open  to  everybody,  whether  he  sends 
messages  to  a  single  i)oint,  or  a  large  number  of  messages  to  many  dif- 
ferent places,  and  it  seems  to  me  that  it  would  be  an  experiment  worth 

105 


i 


Hi 


'\ 


166 


TESTIMONY    OF   W.    P.    PHILLIPS. 


trying  for  Oongress  to  disapprove  of  any  contract  relations  existiDg  be- 
tween one  combination  of  newspapers  and  tbe  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company,  which  contemplates  the  placing  of  another  smaller 
combination  of  newspapers  at  a  disadvantage. 

The  Associated  Press  people  argae  that  there  are  too  many  newspapers 
already  and  that  new  ones  should  be  discouraged;  but  if  this  is  a  Gov- 
ernment by  the  people  and  for  the  people,  the  same  facilities  for  making 
newspapers  should  be  given  to  one  as  to  another.  There  is  no  premium 
put  upon  printing  presses,  or  white  paper  or  type,  or  labor.  A  youug 
paper  can  have  any  or  all  of  these  on  just  as  favorable  terms  as  a  paper 
wMch  has  been  in  existence  for  fifty  years,  but  in  the  matter  of  news, 
a  commodity  affecting  the  interests  and  purposes  of  mankind  more 
closely  than  any  other  element  cootributiug  to  newspaper  success,  the 
Associated  Press,  by  a  shrewdly-drawn  instrument,  studiously  calculated 
to  meet  its  own  requirements  and  operate  to  the  disadvantage  of  its 
rival,  builds  up  a  wall  around  the  only  telegraph  company  that  can 
serve  everybody,  and  makes  it  impossible  for  other  associations  to  do 
business  on  a  paying  basis,  except  on  the  lines  of  such  incomplete  op- 
I>f>sition  systems  as  happen  for  the  time  being  to  be  in  the  field. 

I  see  no  reason  why  the  rate  adopted  by  the  British  Government  for 
the  transmission  of  press  dispatches  should  not  be  applied  by  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company  to  the  business  of  the  two  press  asso- 
ciations, so  far  as  either  may  wish  to  use  the  Unes  of  that  company, 
irresj^ective  of  the  number  of  points  to  be  served.  This  rate  woidd  be 
quite  as  profitable  to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  as  those 
established  by  its  contract  with  the  Associat^^  Press,  and  hence  the 
Western  Union  would  not  be  likely  to  object.  It  would  certainly  be  a 
satisfactory  arrangement  for  the  United  Press,  and  I  see  no  reason  why 
the  Associated  Press  should  complain  unless  it  desires  something  far 
in  excess  of  a  fair  field  and  no  favor. 

Whatever  Congress  may  ultimately  do  in  reference  to  the  postal  tele- 
graph, a  long  time  must  elapse  in  any  event  before  the  Western  Union 
system  can  ever  be  duplicated.  In  tbe  mean  time  that  company  is  a 
necessity  to  every  patron  of  the  telegraph.  The  number  of  its  wires, 
the  variety  of  its  routes,  its  thoroughness  in  reaching  points  to  which 
competing  telegraph  lines  would  find  it  unprofitable  to  build,  render  it 
a  public  necessity. 

Mr.  Emerson  said  of  Nature  that  she  needs  aU  men  but  needs  no 
man  much.  The  Western  Union  may  need  all  the  patrons  it  can  have 
but  needs  no  particular  one  overmuch.  But  men  need  Nature,  and  so 
as  telegraph  destinies  have  been  ordered  in  this  country  for  the  past 
ten  years,  every  newspaper,  and  every  press  association  is  dependent 
in  some  measure  on  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  It  is  the 
only  company  that  can  serve  all  points  with  press  dispatches,  and  its 
system  should  be  as  accessible  to  one  press  association  as  to  another 
without  regard  to  the  amount  of  such  patron's  business,  or  whether  it 
is  given  in  its  entirety  to  the  Western  Union  Company  or  divided 
among  a  dozen  companies.  If  I  only  send  one  commercial  telegram 
per  annum,  I  get  the  same  rate  as  if  I  sent  one  every  day,  but  when  I 
ask  for  a  press  rate  on  a  business  aggregating  hundreds  of  dollars  per 
week,  I  am  met  with  the  Associated  Press  contract,  which  was  drawn 
quite  as  much  with  a  view  to  make  it  impossible  for  an  opposition  press 
association  to  serve  its  papers  decently  for  anything  they  can  afford  to 
pay^  as  it  was  to  give  the  Associated  Press  a  rate  on  an  established 
business,  which  brings  the  average  price  to  each  of  its  papers  down  to 
6j^  cents  per  one  huudred  words,  as  against  an  average  rate  of  fiilly 


TESTIMONY   OP   W.   P.   PHILLIPS.  167 

$1  per  one  hundred  words  to  such  of  the  TJnited  Press  papers  as  are 
served  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  As  long  as  tha( 
mischievous  contract  is  in  existence,  however  justly  disposed  the  West- 
em  Union  Telegraph  Company  may  be,  it  is  powerless  to  do  more  than 
give  other  press  associations  the  same  rate  on  its  entire  business,  even 
if  it  can  go  to  that  length.  But  the  truth  is,  no  plan  of  working  is  sa 
onerous  to  a  competing  press  association  as  the  one  devised  by  these 
Associated  Press  people  and  accepted  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Compaiiy.  It  is  constructed  upon  a  mileage  basis,  and  while  to  the 
Associated  Press  it  means  one-eighth  of  a  cent  per  word  for  a  '^  drop'^ 
to  as  many  papers  as  it  may  be  pleased  to  serve  at  Savannah,  for  in- 
stance, to  all  others  it  means  more  than  ten  times  that  sum,  unless,  like 
the  Associated  Press^  they  have  occasion  to  serve  the  same  dispatch  to 
New  Orleans.  This  is  only  one  instance  in  hundreds  that  can  be  cited, 
going  to  show  that  there  is  no  justice  for  me  or  my  principals  in  the 
liace  of  an  existing  contract  which  not  only  secures  the  Associated 
Press  a  phenomenally  low  rate,  but  which  at  the  same  time  is  used  as 
a  standard  with  which  to  measure  and  pass  upon  the  requirements  of 
another  combination  of  newspapers  whose  wants  are  different,  whose 
number  is  smaller,  and  whose  territory  is  less  extended. 

Q.  Have  you  copies  with  you  of  any  of  your  contracts  with  any  of  the 
telegraph  companies  T — ^A.  I  have  not  them  with  me,  but  I  am  familiar 
with  the  contents  of  all  of  them.  I  can  furnish  copies  of  them,  or  I  can 
tell  you  anything  that  any  of  them  contains, 

Q.  With  what  companies  have  you  contracts  now! — A.  I  have  a 
brief  contract  with  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  on  a  small 
service  west  of  Pittsburgh,  and  I  have  an  understanding  with  the  oppo- 
sition telegraph  companies,  which  scarcely  amounts  to  a  contract  at 
present.  We  have  agreed  with  the  opposition  telegraph  companies  to 
do  certain  things  by  their  lines  provided  they  can  furnish  the  facilities, 
but  the  opposition  companies  are  pretty  weak,  and  this  has  been  a  bad 
year  for  them.  The  storms  in  the  West  and  the  floods  have  rendered 
them  about  hors  du  combat 

Q.  Do  you  know  the  rates  that  the  Western  Union  Company  charge 
the  other  associations  T — A.  I  get  my  knowledge  simply  from  what  I 
have  read  that  has  come  out  before  this  committee  in  the  testimony  of 
Dr.  Oreen  and  the  pamphlet  by  Mr.  Somerville.  As  I  understand  it, 
they  have  a  rate  from  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  which 
makes  the  rate  to  each  individual  paper  6^  cents  for  each  hundred 
words,  on  an  average.  I  do  not  know  who  devised  this  contract.  I 
assume  that  it  was  devised  by  the  Associated  Press,  as  I  know  that  it 
has  always  been  the  idea  in  the  Associated  Press  office,  where  I  was 
employed  for  many  years,  that  if  they  could  get  up  some  sort  of  con- 
tract that  would  apply  to  distance,  and  base  it  on  the  ready-made  busi- 
ness that  they  have,  it  would  be  a  scheme  which  would  bar  out  every- 
body else.  For  instance,  if  the  Associated  Press,  having  clients  from 
New  Orleans  to  Washington,  get  a  rate  at  Richmond  of  an  eighth  of  a 
cent  a  word,  that  enables  the  Associated  Press  to  serve  Richmond  for 
$25  or  $30  a  week.  I  get  a  rate  from  Boston  to  Newport,  which  is  20 
or  25  miles,  of  a  cent  a  word.  That  is  the  best  I  can  do.  A  paper 
there  that  is  willing  to  pay  as  fair  a  price  for  its  news  as  an  Associated 
Press  paper  would  pay  at  Richmond  gets  250  words  a  day  as  against 
1,500, 2,000,  or  probably  2,500  that  would  go  to  Richmond. 

Q.  Your  understanding  is  that  the  Western  Union  Company  have  a 
contract  with  the  Associated  Press  by  which  they  furnish  news  tothe 
papers  at  6J  cents  per  hundred  words  on  an  average.    Over  what  terri- 


J 


Ji  '* 


168 


TESTIMONT   OF   W.   P.   PHILLIPS. 


tory  does  that  extend  f — A.  I  nnderstand  that  they  have  a  contract  of 
which  that  is  the  result.  They  make  a  contract  with  the  Associated 
IPress  to  serve  their  newspapers  on  the  basis,  as  I  understand,  of  a  qoar- 
ter  of  a  cent  for  300  mUes,  and  one-eighth  added  for  every  additional  100 
miles,  and  so  on  out  to  the  terminus,  and  then  to  make  the  ^^  drops"  at 
an  eighth  of  a  cent  a  word.  They  of  course  serve  a  great  many  papers 
in  a  place,  and  when  the  expense  is  divided  up  among  all  the  papers 
that  are  served,  that  brings  the  rate  down  to  6^  cents  a  hundred  words. 
That  is  a  very  nice  contract  for  the  Associated  Press,  but  it  is  a  veiy 
bad  contract  for  anybody  else,  because  it  does  not  give  them  any  earthly 
chance  to  get  served.  As  long  as  they  can  keep  everybody  in  a  condi- 
tion where  they  cannot  start,  no  one  can  succeed.  If  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Gompan}*  would  trust  me  for  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  and 
would  let  me  run  up  a  bill  for  that  amount  until  the  end  of  the  year,  1 
would  have  the  business  pretty  evenly  divided,  because  the  Associated 
Press  is  not  popular,  and  people  only  stay  in  it  because  they  have  faith 
to  believe  that  the  Western  Union  will  not  sell  out,  whereas  no  matter 
how  promising  other  companies  may  be  on  the  start,  it  is  not  usually 
very  long  before  they  are  absorbed  by  the  Western  Union. 

By  Senator  Jackson  : 

Q.  Do  you  understand  that  there  is  anything  in  the  contract  between 
the  Western  Union  and  the  Aiisociated  Press  that  prohibits  the  Western 
Union  from  making  the  same  terms  with  yout — A  I  do  not;  but  the 
trouble  about  the  matter  is  that  the  United  Press  is  not  prepared  to 
work  under  a  contract  that  has  been  drawn  by  somebody  else.  We 
would  like  to  work  under  a  contract  of  our  own  devising ;  but  that  is  all 
we  can  get  from  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  They  will 
give  us  a  special  rate,  or,  they  say,  ^^  We  will  take  your  entire  business 
and  give  you  the  same  rate  a«  the  Associated  Press,"  which  is  on  its  face 
generous  enough.  I  have  no  fault  to  find  with  them ;  but  as  long  as 
this  contract  lasts,  it  must  work  just  in  this  way.  We  cannot  compete 
with  them  under  it.  We  cannot  send  1,000  words  in  the  day,  and  2,000 
at  night,  and  live  under  it.  Now,  for  illustration,  the  Associated  Press 
has  seven  newspapers  in  Chicago,  and  I  have  one.  The  Western  Union 
charges  nothing  on  account  of  the  six  additional  papers.  They  serve 
the  place.    It  costs  me  as  much  to  serve  Chicago  as  it  does  them. 

Qf  Does  not  that  grow  out  of  the  fact  that  you  have  less  patronage 
than  the  Associated  Press  f — A.  Yes,  sir ;  certainly. 

Q.  Is  that  the  fault  of  the  Western  Union! — A.  I  don't  think  it  is; 
no,  sir.  It  is  by  no  means  responsible  for  the  fact  that  one  Press  Asso- 
ciation is  smaller  than  another ;  but  if  the  telegraph  companies,  or  if  the 
government  in  England,  can  afford  to  treat  all  newspapers  alike,  and  if 
they  all  get  news  on  the  same  basis,  I  see  no  reason  why  the  Western 
Union  should  not  do  it,  as  it  would  amount  to  the  same  thing  in  dollars 
and  cents  and  would  be  fair  to  all. 

By  the  Chaibman  : 

Q.  It  prevents  your  company  from  doing  business,  except  so  fsur  as 
you  can  do  it  over  opposition  lines  T — A.  Yes,  sir ;  it  does.  I  cannot 
see  any  future  for  an  opposition  press  association  unless  there  is  an  op- 
position telegraph  company,  and  even  then  it  is  pretty  hard  work,  be- 
cause the  opposition  lines  are  limited  in  number  of  wires.  They  usually 
have  one  trunk  line,  and  if  there  is  a  fire  in  Syracuse,  for  instance,  it 
bums  off  all  the  wires  they  have  to  the  West ;  but  if  you  bum  the  wires 
of  the  Western  Union  at  the  same  i)oint,  they  still  have  communication 


V 


TESTIMONY   OP   W.    P.   PHILLIPS.  169 

with  the  West  by  way  of  Pittsburgh,  or  by  some  other  roate.  They 
have  facilities  with  which  to  overcome  every  difficulty.  As  an  employ^ 
of  the  Western  Union  I  remember  working  a  wire  on  which  Boston  was 
1,600  miles  away  on  the  occasion  of  a  sleet  storm  in  1875  or  1876,  and 
which  made  a  circait  by  way  of  Montreal  and  Buffalo  and  a  naml>Br  of 
points.  I  was  told  that  it  was  1,600  miles  long,  and  that  I  mast  work 
it  very  carefully.  Bat  opposition  companies  nnder  those  circumstances 
are  of  no  use  whatever,  and  whenever  they  go  to  pieces  I  have  no 
alternative  but  to  file  my  business  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  at  these  high  rates,  and  the  result  is  very  paralyzing  to  my 
treasury. 

Q.  Do  you  get  rates  from  the  opposition  telegraph  companies  that 
enable  yon  to  sustain  your  business  f — A.  Yes,  sir.  I  do  not  think  any 
one  would  ever  do  business  over  an  opposition  line  unless  he  could  do 
it  cheaper  Uian  by  the  Western  Union,  because  the  service  is  never  so 
good.  It  cannot  be.  The  organization  is  always  inferior.  The  West- 
em  Union  is  tbe*result  of  forty  years  of  experience  and  of  brains,  and 
it  is  a  system  as  nearly  perfect  as  any  system  can  be.  The  only  griev- 
ance I  have  is  that  I  have  no  opportunity  to  use  the  Western  Union  on 
terms  that  I  think  1  can  stand. 

Q.  Do  you  say  that  you  can  have  it  on  the  same  terms  that  any  other 
press  association  can  have  itf — A.  On  precisely  the  same  terms,  if  I  give 
them  my  entire  business,  and  conform  to  the  terms  that  are  given  in  the 
Associated  Press  contract.  I  will  not  say  for  sure  that  I  could,  but  my 
impression  is  that  in  that  case  the  Western  Union  Company  would 
make  a  duplicate  of  that  contract  with  any  other  press  association.  I 
do  not  think  it  is  a  fair  contract  for  application  to  the  needs  of  any  one 
except  those  in  whose  interest  it  was  drawn.  It  fits  their  case,  but  does 
not  fit  anybody  else's  case.  They  took  particular  pains  in  drawing  it 
that  it  should  fit  no  other  case  than  their  own.  I  heard  that  contract 
talked  over  for  a  year  before  I  lefb  the  Associated  Press.  I  heard  them 
aay  what  they  were  going  to  do,  and  what  the  effect  would  be.  that  it 
was  going  to  give  the  Associated  Press  a  practical  monopoly  of  tne  news 
business,  and  that  they  proposed  to  bulldoze  people  right  and  left,  and 
do  just  as  they  pleased  after  it  was  made.  But  the  association  which  I 
represent  has  been  going,  in  one  shape  or  another,  for  thirteen  years 
past,  and  it  cannot  very  well  be  killed  off.  It  is  in  better  condition  to- 
day than  it  ever  was  before.  I  do  not  think  there  is  any  possibility  for 
the  Associated  Press  to  kill  off  those  newspapers  that  it  declines  to 
eerve.    They  must  go  on. 

Q'  To  what  extent  do  you  use  the  Western  Union  lines  f — ^A.  I  use 
the  Western  Union  in  the  day-time  west  of  Pittsburgh  to  Columbus,  Cin- 
cinnati, Louisville,  Saint  Louis,  Chicago,  and  Milwaukee,  and  then  I 
distribute  west  of  Chicago  to  a  great  many  papers  in  Iowa  and  Michigan 
and  Wisconsin  and  even  up  into  Dakota  by  the  Western  Union,  for  it 
is  the  only  line  there  is  in  that  section.  Then  there  are  several  wires 
leased  from  the  Western  Union  by  newspapers  which  are  clients  of  the 
United  Press.  The  arrangement,  however,  is  between  the  newspapers 
and  the  telegraph  company.  The  Nashville  World  leases  a  wire  from 
the  Western  Union  between  Louisville  and  l^ashville,  and  the  Iowa 
State  Leader  leases  a  wire  from  that  company  between  Chics^go  and 
Des  Moines. 

Q.  What  does  it  cost  you  for  the  use  of  those  lines  as  compared  with 
what  it  costs  the  other  association  f  Can  you  give  us  an  approximately 
correct  idea  as  to  the  difference  between  the  prices  you  pay  and  the 
prices  paid  by  the  other  association  f — A.  The  other  association  does 


l!  > 


hrl 


170  TESTIMONY   OP   W.   P.   PHILLIPS. 

not  lease  wires  fh>ni  the  Western  Union,  I  believe,  except  in  one  or  two 
cases.  The  Associated  Press  proper  leases  one  wire  between  New  York 
and  Washington.  The  New  England  Associated  Press  leases  another 
fixmi  New  York  to  Boston,  bnt  that  is  the  extent  of  the  leased  wire 
system.  The  papers  belonging  to  the  United  Press  lease  wires  from 
the  Western  Union  to  a  greater  extent  than  that  company  leases  wires 
to  the  Associated  Press. 

Q.  I  understood  yon  to  say  in  some  cases  that  you  mentioned  that  it 
cost  yon  $1  a  hundred  words  for  service  where  papers  of  the  other 
association  were  served  for  about  6^  cents  a  hundred  words  f — A.  Well, 
for  instance,  I  serve  Detroit,  Cleveland,  and  Toledo,  by  the  Westera 
Union.  They  charge  3  cents  a  word  for  those  three  points,  or  1  cent  a 
word  for  each.  Under  the  contract  that  the  Associated  Press  has,  tiie 
price  would  be  three-eighths  of  a  cent  a  word  for  those  three  ^^  drops,'' 
but  of  course  there  would  be  a  terminal  point  at  the  end  which  would 
raise  that  price  somewhat,  bnt  not  anywhere  near  3  cents.  It  might 
bring  it  up  to  1  cent.  I  noticed  that  Dr.  Oreen  said  -in  his  testimony 
the  other  day  that  New  Orleans  was  charged  2^  cents  per  word  and  he 
gave  the  South  twenty -two  ^' drops"  at  onceighth  of  a  cent  a  word  and 
tiie  result  was  that  they  received  1,500  words  for  about  $1.S^.  I  pay 
for  these  points  I  serve  west  of  Pittsburgh  more  than  $1.85  for  1,500 
words  to  each  place. 

By  Senator  Jaokson  : 

Q.  I  understand  you  to  say  you  think  the  Western  Union  would  give 
you  the  same  contract  that  they  extend  to  the  Associated  Press  f — A 
Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Then  what  is  your  difficulty  f  Why  not  make  a  contract  with  them 
on  the  same  terms  and  be  placed  upon  the  same  footing  f — ^A.  Simply 
because  I  do  not  need  that  sort  of  contract  to  serve  the  number  of 
papers  that  1  have  to  serve,  located  as  they  are. 

By  Senator  Palmeb  : 

Q.  In  regard  to  the  Associated  Press.  Their  contract  with  the  news- 
papers makes  them  a  kind  of  close  corporation,  does  it  not  f — A.  Yes, 
sir. 

Q.  No  new  paper  can  get  the  franchise  without  the  unanimous  consent 
of  all  the  other  papers  who  have  it  f — A.  The  Associated  Press  is  di- 
vided up  into  several  organizations.  There  is  the  New  England  Asso- 
ciated Press,  the  New  York  State  Associated  Press,  the  California  As- 
sociated Press,  the  Western  Associated  Press,  and  the  New  York  City 
Associated  Press.  Each  cue  pf  those  organizations  has  its  own  by-laws 
and  its  own  officers,  and  the  government  of  each  is  different ;  but  the 
general  plan  of  operations  contemplates  that  the  local  members  shall 
have  control  of  their  own  field.  For  instance,' if  a  paper  applies  for  the 
franchise  at  Providence,  where  the  Journal  already  has  the  franchise,  if 
the  Journal  objects,  the  paper  making  the  application  cannot  get  it. 

Q.  That  is  the  reason  why  these  franchises  are  worth,  say,  $80,000  to 
Detroit,  and  $100,000  to  Cincinnati,  approximately.  I  have  heard  that 
a  paper  was  kept  alive  at  Cincinnati,  at  a  loss,  for  the  purpose  of  selling 
the  franchise.  I  do  not  know  whether  that  is  true  or  not.  I  am  asking 
for  information.  It  seemed  to  me  that  the  operations  of  the  Associated 
Press  were  oppressive,  and  that  it  was  impossible  for  a  new  paper  to  get 
into  the  field. — A.  It  is  practically  impossible.  These  newspapers  iu 
the  Associated  Press  not  only  control  the  matter  in  towns  and  cities  but 
they  often  have  influence  outside  of  them.  I  may  refer  to  the  case  of 
the  New  London  Day.    It  was  a  very  lively  paper,  and  got  a  circulation 


TESTUfONT   OP   W.   P.   PHILLIP8.  171 

ontside  of  its  own  territory  until  it  had  quite  a  following  in  Hartford* 
At  the  instance  of  one  of  the  Hartford  papers  the  price  was  pat  ap  on 
the  Day  from  $30  to,  I  think,  $70.  Of  coarse  that  was  prohibitory* 
They  could  not  stand  that  and  it  forced  them  out.  They  came  to  me. 
There  was  no  way  to  serve  them  except  by  the  Western  Union.  I  went 
to  one  of  the  Western  Union  officers  and  explained  the  situation,  and 
he  made  a  very  comfortable  rate  for  the  Day,  which  enables  me  to  serve 
it  with  a  small  report,  which  costs  it  exactly  the  same  for  1,100  worda 
now  that  it  paid  before  it  was  shut  out  for  10,000  or  11,000. 

Q.  But  the  advantage  the  Associated  Press  has,  is  that  it  was  in  the 
field  first,  and  lias  many  papers  to  serve  by  the  same  labor  that  a  few 
would  require.  For  instance,  you  say  in  Chicago  it  has  seven  papers  f — ^A.. 
Yes,  sir. 

Q.  It  requires  the  same  labor  to  serve  those  seven  papers  that  you 
would  expend  on  one,  is  not  that  so  f — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Suppose  a  new  paper  wanted  to  go  into  the  field  in  Chicago,  what 
would  be  the  process  to  get  the  franchise  of  the  Associated  Press  f — A. 
I  dont  suppose  any  new  paper  could  get  it.  There  has  not  been  a  fran- 
chise sold  in  New  York  for  the  last  twenty  years.  When  the  World,, 
which  had  Jt)een  a  failing  property  for  a  great  many  years,  was  sold  by 
Manton  Marble  to  Scot^  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Mr.  Marble  told 
me  he  put  it  in  for  just  what  he  considered  the  Associated  Press  fran- 
chise worth,  $250,000. 

Q.  That  would  indicate  that  it  is  a  close  corporation  among  those- 
papersf — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  •  And  the  Asisociated  Press  is  committed  to  them  so  that  it  cannot 
without  their  consent  give  facilities  to  other  papers f — A.  Yes,  sir;  that 
is  the  situation. 

The  Chairman.  For  all  practical  purposes,  it  is  exclusive. 

Senator  Palmer.  The  Western  Union  will  give  the  same  rates  to* 
any  other  association,  but  others  cannot  afford  to  pay  them  because  they 
have  not  the  field  and  the  number  of  papers  to  supply. 

Senator  Sawyer.  But  suppose  an  individual  goes  to  Chicago  and 
makes  an  arrangement  to  divide  with  ten  men,  and  then  enters  into  a 
contract  with  the  telegraph  company  f 

Senator  Palmer.  Yes;  if  he  can  only  find  them;  but  ten  men  are  not 
often  ready  for  such  an  arrangement. 

Senator  Sawyer.  Or  even  seven  men. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  For  all  practical  purposes,  this  arrangement  results  in  suppressing^ 
all  enterprise  in  the  way  of  starting  newspapers,  does  it  notf — A.  I 
think  it  would  if  all  men  were  wise;  but  every  once  in  a  while  some  one^ 
thinks  he  can  make  a  newspaper  go  without  the  news,  and  he  starts  it, 
and  coaxes  us  to  build  out  to  him,  or  he  coaxes  the  Western  Union  to 
give  him  something  for  what  he  can  afford  to  pay,  and  in  that  way 
papers  are  established.  We  have  one  paper,  the  Boston  Olobe,  which 
is  admittedly  the  second  paper  in  Boston.  It  has  a  larger  circulatioa 
than  any  paper  there  except  the  Herald.  It  has  successively  passed 
the  Transcript,  the  Traveller,  the  Advertiser,  the  Post,  and  the  Journal,, 
and  has  taken  the  second  place. 

Q.  How  do  you  reach  the  Olobe  f — A.  I  lease  a  wire  from  an  opposi- 
tion company. 

By  Senator  Palmer  : 

Q.  You  supply  them  with  news  at  a  greatly  increased  expense  to  them 
in  ^at  way  f — A.  The  service  costs  Uiem  more,  according  to  the  dls- 


!    I  f 


I  j  r  172  TESTIMONY   OP  W.   P.   PHILLIPS. 

i       Pi 


f-i 


f 


» 


tance,  than  it  costs  any  Associated  Press  paper,  bnt  that  is  one  of  ^ 
disadvantages  of  the  sitoation.  We  cannot  help  that.  All  our  paps 
pay  a  higher  price  for  the  news  than  the  Associated  Press  papers. 

Q.  Two  new  papers  have  been  started  in  Detroit,  the  Jonmai  and  tk 
Times ;  and  the  News  is  also  outside  of  the  Associated  Press.  How  in 
they  served  f — A.  I  serve  the  News  and  the  Times.  The  Joornal  his 
never  made  any  application.  They  are  both  served  by  Uie  Westen 
Union. 

Q.  That  is  done,  I  suppose,  at  an  increase  of  expense  t — A.  Oh,  jfSL 
News  comes  very  high  to  those  papers  in  Detroit.  The  Evening  l^er; 
receives  very  little,  but  its  tele^ms  cost  it  $60  per  week,  I  think  its 
proprietor  told  me,  and  the  service  to  the  Detroit  Times  mast  be  donbfe 
in  cost  to  that  of  the  Detroit  Free  Press,  which  is  served  by  the  Am 
<ciated  Press. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Is  the  news  that  yon  famish  free  to  all  papers,  or  have  yon  sodk 
arrangement  by  which  a  paper  cannot  receive  news  through  your  asso^ 
elation  withoat  the  consent  of  the  other  papers  1 — ^A.  The  entire  matter 
of  ftimishing  news  to  newspapers  on  the  part  of  the  United  Press  is  ^ 
cretionary  with  the  executive  committee.  The  association  is  organized 
in  this  way :  It  appoints  a  board  of  directors,  consisting  of  thirteen,  aod 
that  board  of  directors  appoints  an  execative  committee  of  five,  and  thil 
eommittee  passes  on  all  questions.  They  delegate  very  large  discR^ 
tionary  powers  to  me,  and  I  act  generally  for  the  committee  in  the  mat- 
ter of  serving  papers.  That  is  entirely  within  the  discretion  of  the  com 
mittee. 

By  Senator  Jackson  : 

Q.  Gould  your  association  supply  all  its  customers  throagh  the  Weet^ 
em  Union ! — A.  Yes,  sir.  There  is  no  one  outside  of  the  Western 
Union  telegraph  system.    They  go  everywhere. 

Q.  Does  not  your  complaint  come  down  to  this :  That  you  are  not  as 
strong  as  the  Associated  Press  f — A.  No,  I  do  not  think  it  does. 

By  Senator  Palmbb  : 

Q.  Ton  can  get  a  contract  f — ^A.  I  can  get  a  contract,  bat  I  do  not 
want  it.  I  did  not  draw  it.  It  was  drawn  by  people  who  drew  it  pur- 
posely against  the  needs  of  every  one  who  was  in  competition  with  thenu 
That  is  all  I  ever  can  get.  I  can  get  their  contract,  or  I  can  come  in 
en  a  special  rate  of  one-half  of  the  commercial  rate  in  the  day-time  and 
ene-quarter  at  night — ^that  is,  one-half  and  one- quarter  of  the  conmier- 
eial  extra  word  rate,  which  gives  me  a  rate  to  Chicago  of  a  cent  and  a 
half  in  the  day  and  three-quarters  of  a  cent  at  night. 

Q.  A  word  ! — ^A.  Yes. 

By  the  Ohatbman  : 

Q.  Without  opposition  lines  would  it  be  possible  to  build  ap  a  com- 
petition in  that  business  or  would  it  be  possible  to  make  the  news  free 
to  any  paper  that  wanted  it  f — ^A.  An  opposition  press  association  could 
not  exist  outside  of  the  opposition  telegraph  companies,  if  the  present 
•contract  between  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  and  the  As- 
sociated Press  were  maintained.  It  would  be  impossible,  lliere  are  a 
hundred  and  forty-odd  papers  on  my  list  It  seems  to  me  they  are  en- 
titled to  some  consideration. 

Q.  Tour  association  is^operated  on  a  limited  scale,  and  through  the 
opposition  telegraph  company  so  far  as  you  are  able  to  do  sof — A.  Tea, 
■sir. 


TESTIMONY   OP   W.   P.   PHILLIPS,  173 

^     Q.  If  those  companies  should  consolidate  with  the  Western  Union 
^  you  would  practically  have  to  go  out  of  the  business  f — A.  I  would  have 
^  to  take  the  best  rate  I  could  get  from  the  Western  Union  until  some 
other  opposition  company  got  started.    That  has  been  the  history  of  the 
^^  United  Press  and  its  predecessors.    It  has  been  tiirown  around  from 
~  -  one  opposition  telegraph  company  to  another.    It  never  gets  itself  com- 
'  2  fortably  situated  before  there  is  a  sell  out  or  a  consolidation,  or  some- 
thing of  that  kind,  and  then  it  takes  its  patronage  to  tbe  next  best  place, 
— -  serves  what  it  can  by  the  opposition  companies  and  gives  the  rest  to  the 
^  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  at  high  rates.    That  is  the  very 
L .  IK>int  I  am  after.    I  want  to  do  what  business  1  am  compelled  to  do  by 
i^   the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  at  a  rate  that  I  can  afford. 
^   The  result  would  be  that  I  would  keep  doing  more  and  more  by  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  until  I  woul^}  do  it  all  there.    That 
is  the  only  place  wh^  some  of  it  can  be  done  at  all.    It  may  be  in  the 
future  that  these  opposition  telegraph  companies  will  be  stronger;  but 
in  the  past,  compai^  with  the  Western  Union,  they  have  stood  in  about 
the  same  relation  as  a  splendidly  organized  railroad  like  the  Pennsyl- 
-     Tania  Railroad  stands  to  a  Washington  night-liner. 

By  Senator  Sawteb  : 

Q.  If  I  understand  you  aright,  supposing  these  contracts  with  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  between  here  and  Chicago  were 
abrogated,  there  is  nothing  to  hinder  one  man  out  of  the  seven  from 
making  a  contract  for  the  total  service,  and  dividing  his  news  among 
the  others.  They  would  make  the  rate  to  a  single  man  in  Chicago  at 
what  it  is  now,  and  he  might  very  readily  divide  with  all  who  wanted 
itt— A.  They  do  not  generally  do  that.  They  would  not  i>ermit  you  to 
do  that.  That  would  come  under  the  head  of  what  they  call  a  special 
contract  In  making  a  contract  of  that  kind  they  would  expressly 
stipulate  that  the  matter  should  be  used  for  your  pai>er  only,  unless  the 
contract  was  different  from  what  they  usually  are.  Usually  they  bind 
you  to  use  the  news  for  your  own  purposes  and  for  no  other. 

By  Senator  Palmeb  : 

Q.  Why  do  they  not  make  a  distinction  in  vour  favor,  if  you  repre- 
sent a  press  association  f — ^A.  They  would  if  they  had  the  entire  busi- 
ness of  the  United  Press,  which  amounts  to  a  hundred  and  twenty-five 
or  a  hundred  and  thirty  thousand  dollars  a  year.  In  consideration  of 
having  it  alL  they  would  give  me  the  same  rate  they  have  given  to  the 
Associated  Press. 

Q.  If  Senator  Sawyer  or  I  could  make  a  respectable  showing  of  busi- 
ness we  could  get  the  same  contract,  could  we  notf — A.  I  do  not  know 
whether  you  could  or  not. 

Q.  Is  tiiere  anything  you  have  seen  that  would  indicate  that  it  could 
not  be  donef — A.  No.  In  regard  to  the  handling  of  special  business  all 
papers  are  put  on  precisely  the  same  basis  and  footing;  but  when  it 
comes  to  d^ing  with  associations  there  does  not  seem  to  be  any  way 
of  dealing  except  to  plaster  the  Associated  Press  contract  on  to  us,  which 
does  not  suit  us. 

Q.  What  do  you  think  would  be  the  effect  upon  the  telegraph  busi- 
ness of  the  country  if  the  Government  should  establish  four  trunk  lines 
to  the  principal  points  through  the  country  and  put  the  rates  down  to 
the  minimum  of  cost! — A.  I  think  as  far  as  those  four  trunk  lines  went 
they  would  be  very  useful  to  the  public  and  to  the  press;  but  they  would 
be  even  more  limited  in  extent  than  the  lines  of  tiie  present  opposition 


r' 


174 


TESmiONT  OP  W.   P.   PHUililPS. 


telegraph  companies,  which  it  is  constantly  demonstrated  are  inadequate 
to  the  needs  of  the  public. 

Q.  The  present  lines f — A.  Tes,  sir;  the  present  opposition  lines. 

Q.  Then  the  Western  Union  Oompany  possibly  woald  put  its  rates 
down  to  the  Government  prices  where  there  was  competition  and  tiien 
recoap  or  get  back  on  rates  to  points  where  there  is  no  competition  and 
where  the  Oovemment  lines  did  not  extend,  wonld  it  not  f — A.  I  do  not 
know  I  am  sore.  I  shoald  think  it  would  be  quite  natural  for  them  to 
try  to  make  themselves  whole  in  some  way.  Unless  the  Oovemment 
were  to  go  into  the  business  of  building  telegraph  lines  on  a  very  ex- 
tended scale  I  do  not  think  they  would  make  much  of  an  impresfflon 
on  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  The  Western  Union  Com- 
pany would  go  along  in  its  own  way.  Oovemment  lines  on  a  small  scale 
would  be  to  the  Western  Union  about  what  these  Herdics  down  on 
Pennsylvania  avenue  are  to  the  street  cars.  They  wouJd  both  get  aO 
they  wanted  to  do.  There  is  any  quantity  of  telegraph  business  to  be 
transacted  in  this  country.  I  do  not  think  there  has  ever  been  a  time 
when  there  were  wires  enough  in  existence  to  handle  the  commercial, 
press,  and  general  telegraphic  business  between  10  a.  m.  and  3  p.  m. 
There  is  always  a  block  on  all  the  liiies  during  those  hours. 

Q.  Then  you  think  that  no  competition  the  Oovemment  could  estab- 
lish within  the  next  three  or  four  years  would  materially  f^ect  the 
Western  Union  f — A.  It  does  not  seem  to  me  that  it  would  materially 
afifect  it. 

By  theCHATTiMAN; 

Q.  Aie  you  at  all  fieuniliar  with  the  manner  of  fttmiahing  news  in  coun- 
tries where  the  Oovemment  operates  the  telegraph f — ^A.  Yes,  sir;  I  un- 
derstand it  fairly  well. 

Q.  Ton  know  how  it  is  in  England  f — ^A.  Tes,  sir;  any  one  can  baj 
the  news  in  England  from  anywhere.  It  is  not  limited.  If  you  publish 
a  paper  in  Liverpool  and  you  want  Beuter's  news  you  pay  for  it  and  get 
it;  if  you  want  the  news  of  the  Central  News  you  pay  for  it  and  get  it, 
and  if  you  want  the  news  of  the  other  association  you  can  have  it.  Ton 
can  have  all  three  if  you  wish.    Ton  can  have  whatever  yon  pay  for. 

Q.  Practically^  it  is  free  to  everybody  t — ^A.  Yes,  sir.  Here  tiie  Asso- 
ciated Press  will  not  only  not  serve  papers  that  are  not  in  the  combi- 
nation, but  they  will  not  allow  their  papers  to  buy  the  news  of  any  other 
press  association.  That  is  one  of  the  chief  reasons  why  it  is  so  <hnbar- 
rassing  for  us  and  fDr  the  newspapers.  I  might  have  the  most  import- 
ant piece  of  news  in  the  world  in  tiie  city  of  Philadelphia.  If  I  have  no 
morning  paper  there  and  give  it  to  one  of  the  Associated  Press  papers 
and  it  is  used,  the  paper  mUl  be  liable  to  be  expelled  from  the  Associated 
Press.  In  £M^t  there  is  a  constant  thre^rt  that  is  sent  aronnd  in  tlie  fonn 
of  a  circular  letter.  I  did  give  the  Philadelphia  Press  a  copy  of  CDon- 
nelPs  execution,  as  I  knew  the  Associated  Press  were  left  on  it,  and  they 
published  it.  I  was  told  afterwards  that  they  got  into  so  mnch  troable 
about  it  that  they  did  not  want  me  to  send  them  anything  else,  although 
I  made  no  charge  for  that  and  did  it  as  a  matter  of  friendship. 

Q.  Oenerally  speaking,  in  Europe,  under  the  system  of  0<>vdkiiment 
control,  are  you  informed  on  the  subject  as  to  whether  the  news  is  free, 
as  it  is  in  England,  and  whether  all  persons  can  take  it  at  a  uniform 
rate  f — ^A.  I  have  no  direct  information  on  that  point.  All  the  knowl- 
edge I  have  is  purely  inferential.  From  what  people  tell  me  who  come 
over  here  and  attempt  to  do  business  with  opposition  press  associations. 
I  judge  that  news  is  free  there.    When  they  are  told  that  the  Associated 


TESTIMONY   OP   W    P.    PHILLIPS.  175 

Press  will  not  permit  sach  a  thing  here  they  are  always  sorprised,'  and 
say  they  cannot  conceive  how,  in  a  free  country,  there  shonld  be  sach 
a  monopoly  as  this  when  they  have  nothing  of  it  on  the  other  side.  1 
do  not  know  that  there  is  any  similar  press  monopoly  in  France  or  Ger- 
many, bat  my  impression  is  that  nowhere  else  in  tiiie  world  is  there  sach 
a  condition  of  things  as  exists  in  the  United  States. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Have  yon  observed  that  the  Associated  Press  were  in  the  habit  of 
notiiying  papers  receiving  news  from  them  that  they  mast  not  receive 
from  other  associations  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  In  whlat  form  do  they  give  that  notice  f — A.  In  the  case  of  the 
New  York  Times  recently,  which  had  the  temerity  to  bay  a  cable  news 
letter  from  a  cable  news  company,  which  did  business  in  oar  building, 
the  manager  of  the  Associated  Press  notified  Mr.  Jones,  the  proprietor 
of  the  Times,  that  he  used  the  news  of  the  Gable  News  Company  at  his 
peril. 

Q.  In  what  form  did  he  give  it  f — A.  I  understand  it  was  a  written 
notice.  The  same  notice  was  served  on  a  number  of  papers  throughout 
the  country,  the  Chicago  Inter-Ocean,  the  Philadelphia  Times,  the  Chi- 
cago Tribune,  and  the  Saint  Louis  Globe-Democrat,  and  they  all  gave 
the  service  up,  very  much  against  their  inclination,  except  the  Chicago 
Tribune.  Mr.  Medill  would  not  obey,  and  there  was  a  great  deal  of 
trouble  about  it,  and  I  think  the  trouble  is  not  settled  yet  But  the 
result  of  it  was  that  when  they  had  stopped  everybody  from  taking  it, 
except  the  Tribune,  the  expense  to  the  lYibune  was  so  large  that  tiiey 
did  not  care  to  assume  it  for  any  length  of  time,  and  so  they  were  shut 
out  in  that  way,  and  that  forced  the  Cable  News  Company  to  go  out  of 
the  business. 

Q.  Have  you  ever  seen  any  of  those  notices  1 — ^A.  No,  sir ;  I  never 
have.  All  I  know  about  them  has  been  communicated  to  me  by  those 
to  whom  Mr.  Medill  showed  the  documents  in  the  case.  In  the  case  of 
the  Philadelphia  Times  I  did  receive  a  letter  signed  by  the  cashier  ot 
the  paper,  in  which  he  said  that  they  had  received  formal  notice  from 
the  Associated  Ftess  that  the  use  of  the  news  of  the  Cable  News  Com- 
pany would  be  no  longer  permitted,  and  therefore  they  were  obliged  to 
discontinue  it.    I  have  that  letter. 

Q.  Will  you  supply  a  copy  of  it  to  the  committee  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Have  you  any  other  letters  of  like  purport  that  you  can  supply  to 
the  committee  f — ^A.  I  do  not  believe  that  I  have  ever  saved  any  of 
them.  I  have  received  quite  a  number.  I  had  some  negotiations  with 
Mr.  Hutchins,  of  the  Washington  Post,  who  thought  it  would  be  a  very 
nice  thing  for  him  to  have  our  news  in  addition  to  the  Associated  Press : 
that  it  would  be  just  the  same  as  so  much  special  matter,  and  he  could 
supplement  his  service.  We  had  considerable  correspondence  about  it. 
He  was  also  a  purchaser  of  the  cable  letter. 

Q.  Was  that  the  case  to  which  Mr.  Simonton  referred  f — A.  No,  sir ; 
that  was  a  recent  case.  Our  negotiation  went  on  all  right  for  a  little 
while,  but  finally  he  wrote  me  that  he  had  received  a  letter  from  the  As- 
sociated Press,  saying  if  he  used  our  news  he  would  be  forced  out  of 
the  Associatea  Press.  Mr.  Hutchins  said,  ^^  While  I  have  a  five  years' 
contract,  and  do  not  believe  they  can  break  it  if  the  matter  is  taken  idto 
court,  I  cannot  afford  to  antagonize  them,  and  I  will  have  to  give  the 
matter  up,  very  much  to  my  regret."  That  is  the  second  time  Uiat  Mr. 
Hutchins  has  bad  trouble.  He  had  trouble  once  before,  and  Mr.  Simon- 
ton  mentioned  it  when  he  was  brought  before  one  of  the  committees. 


! 


176 


TESTIMONY   OF  W,   P.   PHILLIPS. 


! 


Il 


Q.  Have  yoa  stated  the  names  of  all  tlie  papers  that  oocnr  to  yoanow 
as  having  received  sach  notices  from  the  Associated  Press  t — ^A.  I  think 
the  Cleveland  Herald  and  the  Saint  Paul  Pioneer  Press  were  omitted 
from  the  list  I  jost  gave.  They  comi>osedy  I  believe,  all  the  clients  that 
the  Gable  News  Company  had. 

By  the  Chaibmai?  : 

Q.  Is  that  a  press  association  f — A.  It  was  a  company  organised  for 
the  purpose  of  bringing  over  from  London  a  skeletonized  letter  every 
Saturday  night,  which  was  transcribed,  written  oat,  and  edited  on  Uiis 
side  and  ma^e  into  a  letter.  It  was  very  skillfally  and  nicely  done.  It 
was  published  here  for  a  time  in  the  Washington  Post,  but  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  people  thought  it  was  a  very  dangerous  thing,  and  their 
cable  service  being  very  bs^,  and  they  not  knowing  of  any  way  to  remedy 
it,  they  conceived  the  idea  of  squelching  the  Cable  Kews  Compaoy 
at  once,  and  they  did  it  most  effectually. 

Q.  Do  you  believe  that  the  matter  of  furnishing  news  will  ever  be  any 
more  free  to  the  people  of  the  country  than  it  is  to-day  under  the  exist- 
ing order  of  things  ;  I  mean  to  say  provided  the  Government  keeps  its 
hands  off  and  takes  no  interest  in  it  f — A.  I  do  not  know.  I  am  hope- 
ful that  it  will,  but  I  do  not  see  that  the  papers  outside  of  the  Associated 
Press  are  any  better  off  now  than  they  were  ten  years  ago.  I  think 
that  they  are  all  in  the  same  state  of  trepidation  that  they  have  always 
been  in  lest  the  telegraph  company  on  which  their  business  is  at  the 
time  shall  go  the  way  of  all  the  others.  There  may  not  be  at  this  time  so 
much  danger  of  it.  The  opposition  seems  to  be  quite  honest ;  but  it  is 
to  the  advantage  of  the  telegraph  companies  to  combine,  I  think.  Every 
time  there  has  been  a  combination  of  telegraph  interests  there  has  been, 
I  believe,  according  to  the  records,  a  reduction  of  rates.  The  telegraph 
men  seem  to  lay  their  heads  together  and  conclude,  after  they  have  op- 
X)osed  each  other  for  a  year  or  two,  that  there  is  no  use  trying  to  fight 
the  battle  any  longer,  and  that  they  may  as  well  combine ;  and  the  press 
association  which  happens  to  be  on  the  opposition  line  is  pretty  sore, 
through  being  in  arrears  or  something  of  that  character,  to  get  hart 
and  be  shot  out  altogether,  or  if  it  gets  on  the  Western  Union,  it  is  at 
a  disadvantage. 

By  Senator  Jaokson  : 

Q.  From  your  own  consideration  of  the  subject,  what  is,  in  brief,  the 
remedy  you  would  suggest  f — ^A.  I  think  that  the  telegraph  companies 
should  give  a  rate  similar  to  the  rate  given  by  the  British  Government, 
that  is,  that  they  should  charge  so  much  for  serving  a  place,  and  if  there 
is  more  than  one  paper  there  that  they  should  serve  the  additional  pa- 
pers ;  and  that  the  rate  should  be  given  whether  three  points  were 
served  or  ten ;  that  it  should  be  so  much,  and  that  the  rates  should  be 
high  enough  to  pay  them  for  doing  the  work. 

Q.  Woidd  legislation  that  would  prohibit,  discrimination  so  far  as  in- 
terstate communication  was  concerned  relieve  the  difficulty  f  Where 
communications  extend  from  one  State  to  another,  would  Congressionsd 
legislation  that  would  forbid  the  Western  Union  from  making  any  dis- 
criminations whatever,  by  contract  or  otherwise,  relieve  the  difficulty  f— 
A.  I  should  think  it  would,  particularly  if  the  legislation  were  of  the 
kind  that  was  fair  to  the  telegraph  company. 

Q.  That  is,  not  fixing  the  rates  at  all,  but  leaving  them  open  f — A.  Yes, 
sir ;  I  do  not  think  it  ought  to  be  a  matter  of  contract  at  aU.  To  show 
you  how  these  things  work  I  will  give  you  an  illustration.    The  United 


TESTIMONY   OF    W.    P.    PHILLIPS.  177 

Press  Association  made  a  contract  with  the  Mutual  Union  Telegraph 
Company.  There  was  a  clause  in  that  contract  that  if  the  bill  for  the 
month  was  not  paid  before  the  tenth  of  the  month  the  telegraph  com- 
pany coald  give  notice  of  the  abrogation  of  the  contract.  The  West- , 
ern  Union  Telegraph  Company  leased  the  lines  of  the  Mutual  Union. 
Through  bad  management,  I  suppose,  or  carelessness  of  the  United  Press 
Association  this  bill  was  not  paid  on  the  10th,  and  on  the  12th  the  con- 
tract was  abrogated.  The  telegraph  company  had  a  perfect  right  to  do 
that ;  but  if  the  Mutfial  Union  Telegraph  Company  had  gone  on  the 
contract  probably  would  not  have  bi»en  abrogated,  and  the  money  would 
have  been  coaxed  out  of  the  concern  in  some  way  or  other,  and  it  would 
have  been  kept  along,  jnst  as  we  do  business  with  everybody.  We 
have  to  coax  our  clients  to  pay  np  and  the  telegraph  companies  have  to 
coax  everybody  to  pay  up.  If  there  were  no  contracts  our  status  af- 
ter the  consolidation  would  have  been  just  as  good  as  it  was  before  the 
consolidation.  But  press  associations,  particularly  opposition  press  as- 
sociations are  tied  up  with  contracts  which  can  be  abrogated  if  the  as- 
sociation gets  into  hard  luck  at  any  time,  and  it  usually  gets  into  hard 
luck  about  the  time  one  telegraph  company  is  selling  out  to  another. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Suppose  there  should  be  a  regulation  by  act  of  Congress  to  the 
effect  that  all  news  transmitted  for  any  association  by  a  telegraph  com- 
pany should  be  furnished  at  the  same  rates  to  all  papers  at  the  different 
points  reached.  What  effect,  in  your  judgment,  would  that  have  on 
your  cause  of  complaint  f — A.  I  think  it  would  give  everybody  a  chance 
to  live  and  do  business. 

Q.  What  would  be  your  judgment  concerning  a  measure  of  that  kind, 
basing  your  opinion  upon  your  experience  in  connection  with  telegraph- 
ing and  newsf — A.  I  think  the  effect  would  be  good.  It  would  put 
everybody  on  the  same  basis,  and  newspapers  then  would  be  just  the 
same  as  the  commercial  patrons  of  the  telegraph  companies  are  now. 
There  is  no  discrimination  made.  If  I  send  fifty  messages  a  day,  and 
some  other  man  has  a  business  by  which  he  sends  a  hundred  and  fifty, 
they  do  not  stop  to  count  the  messages.  They  give  me  the  same  rate 
that  he  gets.  Perhaps  to-morrow  or  next  year  or  the  year  after  I  will 
do  more  business  than  he  does.  So  with  the  United  Press.  If  we  had 
a  chance  to  do  half  the  business  that  is  oflered  our  business  would  be 
quite  as  large  as  the  Associated  Press  in  a  ver}-  short  time.  , 

Q.  To  make  the  case  more  definite  than  in  my  first  statement,  sup- 
pose a  regulation  should  be  made  by  act  of  Congress  requiring  the  As- 
sociated Press  having  its  contract  with  the  Western  Union  to  deliver 
messages  at  the  same  rates  to  all  newspapers  now  established  in  Chi- 
cago, or  that  might  hereafter  be  established,  i)utting  all  papers  now 
in  existence,  or  those  that  may  come  into  existence,  upon  an  equal  foot- 
ing. In  your  judgment,  would  that  be  a  safe  remedy  for  the  alleged 
existing  evils,  so  far  as  the  press  and  general  news  is  concerned  f — A. 
No ;  the  tendency  of  that,  I  think,  would  be  for  the  Associated  Press  to 
serve  more  of  the  papers  in  existence  than  it  now  serves,  as  it  would 
serve  them  from  compulsion ;  but  there  would  still  remain  this  United 
Press  Association. 

Q.  Suppose  that  the  regulation  shquld  be  extended  to  all  press  asso- 
ciations,  or  all  associations  for  the  gathering  and  transmission  of  news. 
What,  in  your  judgment,  would  be  the  effect  of  such  an  arrangement  on 
existing  news  associations  with  reference  to  the  collection  andtransmis* 
Bion  of  news  f — A.  I  think  it  would  be  decidedly  beneficial. 
S.  Eep.  677,  pt.  2 12 


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178  TESTIMONY    OF   W.   P.   PHILLIPS. 

Q.  Would  that,  in  your  jadgment,  eliminate  the  present  caoses  of 
complaint  f 

The  Witness.  You  are  speaking  now  of  the  responsibility  of  the  tele- 
graph companies  and  their  liabiUty  to  transmit  what  is  offered,  I  under- 
stand. 

Senator  Wilson.  Certainly ;  and  press  associations  being  required 
to  deliver  to  all  newspapers  at  all  the  different  points  sach  of  their  news 
as  the  papers  may  desire  at  uniform  rates  f 

A.  When  you  state  it  in  that  way  I  think  th^  effect  of  it  would  be 
bad,  for  this  reason :  That  it  is  impossible  to  deliver  the  news  of  aoj 
press  association  at  uniform  rates. 

Senator  Jackson.  Uniform  rates  at  given  points. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  what  I  am  speaking  of;  the  same  rate  to 
every  paper  in  Chicago  or  Cleveland  or  Columbus,  or  any  other  point; 
that  the  rates  should  be  uniform  as  to  all  of  the  papers  published  at 
any  given  point. 

The  Witness.  That  is  practically  so  now. 

Q.  Can  any  paper  receive  rbe  news  from  the  Associated  Press  nowt~ 
A.  No,  sir ;  but  those  that  do  receive  it  pay  the  same  price  for  it,  as  a 
general  thing. 

By  Senator  Palmbb  : 

Q.  But  Mr.  Wilson  means  to  make  it  compulsory  to  deliver  news  to 
all  the  papers,  whether  they  have  the  Associated  Press  franchise  or 
not! — A.  The  effect  of  that  would  be,  as  I  say,  to  enable  a  great  many 
papers  that  are  in  the  (Jnited  Press  now  to  go  over  to  the  Associated 
Press,  and  it  would  leave  the  opposition  press  association  with  a  smaller 
following  than  it  has  now. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Why  t — A.  Because  probably  26  per  cent,  of  the  papers  that  are 
members  of  the  United  Press  would  go  to  the  Associated  Press  if  they 
would  have  them ;  but  they  will  not  have  them,  and  that  is  the  reason 
they  are  not  there  already. 

Q.  Why  would  they  go  there  t — A.  Simply  because  their  organization 
is  larger  and  has  more  prestige.  It  has  existed  for  forty  years,  and  the 
people  think  it  is  always  going  to  exist  and  it  is  better  to  be  with  it. 

By  Senator  Palmee  : 

Q.  It  has  more  sources  of  information  and  more  agents  through  the 
countrj^,  has  it  t — A.  I  scarcely  think  it  has.  I  think  the  news  of  the 
two  associations  is  very  well  balanced  now.  I  have  been  in  negotiation 
with  a  great  many  Associated  Press  papers  during  the  last  six  months, 
and  have  submitted  copies  of  our  reports  for  examination  and  compar- 
ison, and  the  return  has  generally  been  very  favorable  indeed. 

Q.  I  understood  you  to  say  that  the  proposition  implied  by  Mr.  Wil- 
son's question  was  the  one  now  in  vogue  in  England,  and  that  any 
paper  could  go  and  demand  the  news  and  it  would  be  given  all  the 
news  t — A.  Yes,  sir ;  and  then  they  have  the  option  of  taSng  anybody 
else's  news  that  they  like. 

By  the  Chairman: 

Would  not  the  right  of  all  persons  to  buy  the  news  at  a  uniform  rate 
increase  the  number  of  newspapers  that  are  published!  Now  a  person 
cannot  start  a  newspaper  in  Chicago  unless  this  association  furnishes 
him  with  news.  Suppose  your  association  goes  go  out  of  existence, 
what  would  be  the  effect  so  far  as  the  starting  of  newspapers  is  con- 


TESTIMONY   OF   W.    P.    PHILLIPS.  179 

cernea  f — A.  I  thiuk  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  want  to  start  news- 
papers it  would  be  a  great  thing,  if  any  one  who  conld  pay  for  the 
Associated  Press  dispatches  coald  have  them. 

Q.  It  is  about  as  complete  a  monopoly  now  as  could  be  established, 
is  it  notf-^A.  I  can  scarcely  conceive  of  anything  that  is  more  of  a 
monopoly  than  that  is. 

Q.  You  exist  simply  by  taking  the  papers  which  cannot  get  into  the 
other  association  f — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  You  are  confined  to  a  limited  field,  because  you  can  only  operate 
successfully  through  opposition  lines  f — ^A.  Yes,  sir:  I  am  relegated  to 
that  field,  and  kept  there  simply  because  if  I  coala  operate  as  well  as 
the  other  people  can  I  could  take  away  a  great  many  of  their  customers. 
They  are  in  constant  correspondence  with  me.  The  Associated  Press  is 
not  popular.  If  they  could  read  some  of  the  letters  I  have  on  file  in  my 
office  ^m  their  own  people  they  would  not  sleep  nights.  But  I  cannot 
get  to  them  with  the  news.  I  had  a  letter  thin  week  from  an  ex-mem- 
ber of  Congress  who  says  he  would  give  anything  in  the  world  if  he 
could  only  get  our  dispatches ;  that  the  Associated  Press  had  raised 
the  price,  and  do  not  send  him  what  he  wants ;  that  they  bull-doze  him  « 
and  that  he  does  not  like  it ;  and  he  asks  if  I  cannot  fix  it  in  some  way 
for  the  Western  Union  to  deliver  our  report  at  the  same  rate  he  gives 
for  the  Associated  Press  report.    That  is  impossible.    I  cannot  do  it 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  As  I  understand  it  the  Associated  Press  stands  in  about  the  same 
relation  to  other  press  associations  that  desire  to  come  into  the  business 
as  the  Western  Union  stands  to  other  telegraph  companies  f — A.  Yes, 
sir. 

Q.  They  have  acquired  so  much  strength  and  power  by  the  great 
monopoly  which  they  have  built  up  that  other  companies  cannot  start 
successfully  to  compete  with  them  either  in  one  line  or  the  other.  Is 
not  that  about  the  fact  f — A.  Except  as  independent  facilities  are  of- 
fered. The  Associated  Press  owes  its  existence  to  the  Western  Union 
Company  and  the  predecessors  of  the  Western  Union  Company.  It 
^never  could  be  what  it  is  but  for  the  telegraph  company.  Of  course  it 
has  always  stood  on  the  telegraph  company.  At  some  time  in  its  ca- 
reer it  had  partnership  relations  with  the  telegraph  company  as  it  did 
in  the  formation  of  the  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company ;  but  that  is 
a  thing  of  the  past,  and  the  Associated  Press,  for  reasons  of  its  own, 
is  a  separate  and  distinct  organization  from  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company,  but  it  has  these  contract  relations  that  prevent  any 
one  else  from  doing  business  except  as  they  can  get  telegraph  facilities 
from  other  sources  than  the  Western  Union. 

Q.  And  those  are  very  precarious  f — A.  Yes,  sir ;  very,  nnder  the  most 
favorable  circumstances.  The  opposition  lines  are  built  in  a  hurry. 
They  are  built  along  turnpikes,  and  they  are  generally  built  by  contract, 
and  the  result  is  that  one  Western  Union  wire  is  worth  two  or  three  of 
the  others.  Every  telegraph  company  in  existence  has  a  wire  in  my 
office,  the  Postal,  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  the  Bankers  and  Merchants', 
and  the  Western  Union.  The  wire  leased  by  the  Philadelphia  Call  runs 
to  my  office.  I  think  we  have  never  lost  the  Western  Union  wire  for  a 
day.  The  wire  was  leased  last  September.  The  wires  of  the  other 
companies  we  lose  with  annoying  frequency.  The  other  companies  are 
always  in  a  constant  state  of  building  until  they  sell  out.  They  are 
like  a  bird  that  is  always  molting;  they  are  never' in  good  condition. 


*    J 

i 

til' 


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180 


TESTIMONY   OP   W.   P.   PHILLIPS. 


By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  If  the  news  were  free  to  all  it  would  simply  be  a  qnestion  of  com- 
petition between  newB  associations,  woald  it  not  f — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  And  the  association  that  could  supply  the  most  and  the  best  news 
at  the  lowest  price  would  be  the  one  that  would  have  the  greatest  num- 
ber of  patrons  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Would  your  association  like  to  undertake  on  that  basis  a  com- 
petitive test  with  the  Associated  Press! — A.  We  should  be  delighted. 

Q.  Such  an  arrangement  as  that,  then,  would  simply  preserve  the  ele- 
ment of  competition  in  the  casef — A.  That  is  all  it  would  do. 

Q.  Whereas,  you  think  the  present  arrangement  eliminates  itf — A 
Yes,  sir. 

By  Senator  Palmeb  : 

Q.  Has  the  Western  Union  the  exclusive  right  to  run  their  lines  on 
any  road  in  the  United  States  f — A.  I  understand  it  has. 

Q.  So  that  no  other  line  can  be  put  upf — A.  That  is  my  understand- 
ing of  it.  Certainly  no  other  lines  ever  have  been  put  up  on  a  great 
many  of  the  railroads  occupied  by  them. 

Q.  Competing  lines  are  forced  to  run  on  the  turnpikes  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 
I  spoke  of  these  lines  being  built  by  contract.  Of  course  that,  of  itseU^ 
does  not  mean  much  of  anything.  But  I  will  explain  the  situation. 
The  telegraph  companies  in  opposition  to  the  Western  Union  are  gen- 
erally started  by  nonprofessionals  and  they  let  the  work  out  to  be  done. 
The  American  Rapid  Telegraph  Company  was  built  by  a  firm  of  bankers 
in  Boston,  Kidder,  Peabody  &  Co.,  and  one  of  the  results  is  that  their 
line  from  New  York  to  Philadelphia  is  178  miles  long.  It  runs  all  over 
the  State  of  New  Jersey.  This  line  was  paid  for  by  the  mile,  and  so  the 
contractors  went  everywhere.    JLaughter.] 

Senator  Palmeb.  1  supposed  every  man  in  the  United  States  knew 
the  distance  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia. 

The  Witness.  When  I  leased  that  wire  from  the  Bapid  Company  I 
noticed  that  the  mileage  to  Washington  was  considerably  more  than  I 
thought  it  ought  to  be.  I  went  to  the  vice-president  of  the  company, 
and  I  asked  him  how  in  the  world  he  made  the  mileage  so  much.  He  ^ 
said :  ^^  It  is  a  hundred  and  seventy -eight  miles  to  Philadelphia."  Said 
I,  "  Oh,  no ;  it  is  ninety  miles.''  He  said :  "  It  is  a  hundred  and  seventy- 
eight  by  our  line,"  and  he  convinced  me  that  it  was.  Now  this  line  be- 
ing built  in  that  zigzag  way,  and  being  very  much  longer  than  it  ought 
to  be,  every  time  it  rains  the  line  is  very  much  harder  to  work,  and  is 
practically  useless  on  that  circuit.  I  work  a  circuit  from  New  York 
to  Philadelphia,  and  to  Baltimore  and  Washington,  with  Pittsburgh 
legged  in.  A  hundred  and  seventy-eight  miles  of  Bapid  wire  with  half 
of  the  copper  covering  skinned  off  of  it,  and  a' rainy  day,  would  use  me 
up,  and  the  only  way  I  could  get  my  matter  out  would  be  to  send  it 
over  to  the  Western  CTnion  and  pay  a  cent  a  word  for  it.  That  is  another 
thing  I  want  to  get  rid  of.  I  want  to  be  able  to  use  the  Western  Union 
on  the  same  terms  that  others  do.  In  that  way  they  would  get  more 
and  more  of  my  business,  and  there  would  be  some  encouragement  to 
give  it  to  them.  But  the  present  contract  does  not  give  me  any  chance 
to  get  relief,  and  I  have  not  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  to  fritter  away 
in  making  a  fight  for  existence  on  the  Western  Union  lines. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  What,  in  your  judgment,  would  be  the  effect  on  the  income  of  the 
news  associations  if  news  was  free  to  all  newspapers  t — A.  I  think  it 


TESTIMONY   OP   W.   P.   PHILLIPS.  181 

would  have  a  tendency  to  increase  the  revenues  for  a  while,  and  after 
that  the  price  for  serving  the  news  would  be  cheapened  as  the  number 
of  papers  increased. 

Q.  Yon  think,  then,  as  far  as  concerns  the  gross  revenues  of  the  pres- 
ent press  associations  they  would  not  be  reduced  by  making  the  news- 
free  to  all  papers  f — A.  No.  sir ;  I  think  not. 

Q.  But  by  a  regulation  or  that  kind  the  tendency  would  be  ultimately 
to  reduce  the  price  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  And  maintain  the  revenue  t — ^A.  Yes,  sir;  all  press  associations, 
so  far  as  I  know  anything  about  them,  are  not  run  for  money-making  pur- 
poses. A  press  association  is  merely  a  combination  of  newspapers  which 
club  together  and  agree  to  pay  so  much  into  the  treasury  to  be  expended 
in  gross  to  purchase  what  news  can  be  bought  for  that  money. 

Q.  It  enlarges  the  facilities  for  collecting  uewsf — A.  Yes,  sir  5  every 
newspaper  that  comes  in  adds  so  much  net  money  to  be  used. 

Q.  I  do  not  understand  that  they  ever  make  dividends  f — ^A.  No,  sir; 
they  do  not. 

Q.  Simply  that  the  revenues  are  all  absorbed  for  the  enlargement  of 
their  facilities  in  collecting  and  distributing  news  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

By  the  Chaibman: 

Q.  How  many  papers  does  your  association  serve  f — A.  I  think  there 
are  about  one  hundred  and  fifty.  I  have  a  list  here.  I  have  not  counted 
them,  but  my  impression  is  that  is  the  number. 

Q.  There  are  very  large  sections  of  the  country  that  you  do  not  reach 
at  allt — A.  That  is  where  the  pinch  is.    We  do  reach  them. 

Q.  Do  you  reach  any  point  west  of  the  Missouri  River  t — A.  We  go 
away  up  to  Dakota.  We  have  the  Capital,  at  Jamestown,  Dak. ;  the 
Leader,  at  Sioux  Falls,  Dak. ;  the  Daily  Pioneer  at  Mandan,  and  the 
Courier,  at  Watertown.    Those  are  all  in  Dakota. 

Q.  Do  you  get  there  over  the  Western  Union  lines! — A.  Yes,  sir.  v 

Q.  And  you  do  it  by  paying  a  higher  rate  than  the  other  association 
pays? — A.  Oh,  yes;  probably  eight  or  ten  times  as  much. 

Q.  You  could  not  afford  to  pay  the  rate  if  it  was  not  for  the  fact  that 
these  are  papers  that  cannot  get  into  the  regular  association  and  are 
forced  to  take  your  news  or  not  get  any  t — A.  That  is  generally  the 
case;  yes,  sir;  but  I  think  in  many  cases  up  in  Dakota  these  people 
have  simply  become  so  dissatisfied  with  what  they  received  from  the 
Associated  Press,  so  little  attention  being  paid  to  their  needs  on  account 
of  their  being  in  such  a  hopeless  minority  out  there,  that  they  have 
come  over  to  us  and  now  take  what  they  can  get  for  what  they  were 
paying  before,  and  although  it  is  much  less  they  pretend  to  be  satisfied. 
I  see  we  are  to  begin  serving  at  Fargo,  the  Broad  Axe,  which  is  a  new 
paper  to  be  started  there.  They  forwarded  their  check  for  payment  in 
advance. 

By  Senator  JAOSisoN : 

Q.  Have  you  any  contract  or  understanding  with  the  papers  you 
serve  that  they  shall  not  receive  news  from  any  other  association  than 
yours  f — A.  No,  sir ;  we  impose  no  obligation  or  condition  on  them  ex- 
cept that  they  shall  pay  us  for  the  news  and  pay  for  it  promptly.  We 
interfere  with  them  in  no  way  whatever.  We  help  them  to  everything 
that  we  can.  We  would  get  them  the  Associated  Press  news  in  addi- 
tion to  our  own  if  we  could. 


n 


h 


t  ! 


182 


TESTIMONY   OP   W.    P.   PHILLIPS. 


By  Senator  Palmer  : 

Q.  Toa  stated  that  any  paper  in  England  coald  demand  and  receive 
the  news  from  any  of  the  news  agencies  there  on  the  same  terms  that 
the  most  favored  receive! — A.  I  cannot  state  that  positively,  bat  I 
understand  from  snch  conversation  as  I  have  had  with  people  who 
have  been  in  England,  that  it  is  just  as  open  a  commodity  as  white  paper. 
I  get  this  information  from  people  who  are  in  the  different  press  asso- 
ciations.   Yon  can  buy  where  you  like. 

Q.  That  was  a  preliminary  question.  I  wish  to  ask  whether  that 
state  of  affairs  has  grown  up  as  a  custom  or  whether  it  is  the  result  ol 
statute  f — A.  I  think  that  there  never  has  been  any  occasion  to  pass  a 
law  there  affecting  that  matter.    1  think  it  has  always  been  open. 

The  GflAiBMAN.  The  whole  system  there  is  under  the  control  of  the 
Government.  • 

Senator  Palmbb.  Then  it  is  a  matter  of  statute. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Is  there  not  a  corporation  known  as  the  Associated  Press,  and  if 
so,  how  many  papers  compose  it  f — A.  The  Associated  Press  proper  is  not 
a  company.  It  is  not  an  incorporated  organization.  It  is  an  associa- 
tion of  newspapers,  the  l^ew  York  Sun,  the  New  York  World,  the  New 
York  Tribune,  the  New  York  Herald^  the  New  York  Journal  of  Com- 
merce, and  the  New  York  Express,  which  is  now  merged  with  the  Mail, 
and  which  is  known  as  the  Mail  and  Express.  Those  seven  New  York 
papers  compose  the  Associated  Press  proper.  All  these  other  associa- 
tions of  which  I  presume  there  are  at  least  a  dozen  in  the  country,  pur- 
chase the  news  from  the  New  York  Associated  Press  laid  down  in  New 
York,  and  make  their  own  arrangements  with  the  telegraph  company 
for  distributing  that  news  wherever  they  wish  to  have  it  sent.  Within 
the  last  year  or  two  there  was  a  quarrel  between  the  New  York  Asso- 
ciated Press  and  the  Western  Associated  Press,  and  the  result  of  that 
has  been  that  the  names  of  the  two  are  dropped,  and  instead  of  its  be- 
ing the  Western  and  the  New  York  it  is  called  the  Associated  Press.  It 
is  governed  by  a  committee  that  is  appointed  ont  of  the  Western  Asso- 
ciated Press  and  the  New  York  Associated  Press.  There  are  two  mem- 
bers from  each  association.  I  do  not  know  how  they  get  the  fifth  mem- 
ber, but  they  get  him  somehow. 

Q.  The  New  York  Associated  Press  is  still  a  distinct  organization, 
is  it  notf — A.  I  understand  it  is;  I  have  never  heard  to  the  contrary. 

By  the  Chatbman  : 

Q.  It  is  composed  of  the  seven  New  York  papers  that  you  men- 
tioned f — A.  Yes,  sir;  of  the  seven  that  I  mentioned. 

By  Senator  Wilson: 

Q.  And  they  receive  their  news  from  the  Associated  Press  t — ^A.  Yea, 
sir. 

Q.  In  the  adjustment  of  the  cost  of  news  to  the  papers  supplied  by 
the  Associated  Press,  do  those  papers  get  it  at  less  relative  rates  than 
the  papers  outside  of  New  York  f  In  other  words,  under  this  arrange- 
ment do  or  do  not  the  papers  outside  of  New  York  help  pay  the  news 
expense  of  the  seven  New  York  papers  composing  the  New  York  Asso- 
ciated Pre/Ss  f — ^A.  Oh,  yes,  sir;  very  materially. 

Q.  State  what  you  know  concerning  that. — A.  The  Associated  Press 
is  run  in  this  way :  The  news  is  concentrated  in  New  York  City.  That 
is  the  clearinghouse  for  the  news.  It  is  concentrated  there  at  a  cost  ot 
probably  $500,000  per  annum.    That  was  about  the  amount  when  I  left 


TESTIMONY   OF   W.   P.   PHILLIPS.  188 

the  Associated  Press,  bat  I  understaBd  it  is  rather  more  now.  Then 
they  sell  that  news  to  every  body  that  they  can,  without  selling  it  to 
papers  that  are  not  members  of  these  subsidiary  associated  presses,  and 
having  made  all  the  collections  that  they  can  throughout  the  United 
States  they  deduct  what  they  have  collected  for  the  week  from  what  the 
expenses  are,  and  the  deficit  is  made  up  by  drawing  on  these  seven 
New  York  papers  for  this  amount,  one-seventh  from  each  paper.  That 
is  done  every  week.  The  New  York  Associated  Press  i>eople  have  al- 
ways maintained  to  their  clients  outside  of  New  York  that  it  cost  them 
more  to  make  up  the  weekly  deficit  than  they  collected  from  any  other 
seven  newspapers.  I  do  not  know  whether  that  is  true  or  not.  There 
is  a  great  deal  of  doubt  expressed  on  that  point  by  people  outside  of 
the  New  York  Associated  Press.  I  know  when  I  wa^  there  that  a  sum 
of  money  was  divided  up  among  the  Associated  Press  papers  in  New 
York,  which  did  not  appear  on  the  books;  but  it  was  a  small  sum,  and 
I  think  on  the  whole  it  is  perhaps  true  that  it  costs  the  Associated  Press 
papers  in  New  York  as  much  at  least  as  it  costs  the  papers  anywhere 
else.  ^ 

Q.  You  think  it  doesf — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  And  therefore  they  have  no  advantage  in  the  cost  of  news  over 
papers  in  other  places! — A.  No,  sir;  except  in  this  way:  For  instance, 
the  New  York  Herald  wants  a  great  deal  of  ship  news  by  cable.  That 
is  obtained  for  the  New  York  Herald  and  is  given  to  all  the  papers  who 
care  to  use  it  It  is  not  used  much  except  by  the  Herald,  and  yet  all 
the  other  papers  to  which  it  is  furnished  have  to  pay  their  share  for  get- 
ting these  things  for  the  Herald  or  for  the  New  York  papers  which  they 
I  do  not  use  themselves.  Foreign  shipping  news  outside  of  the  arrival 
of  ocean  steamers  is  not  used  much  as  a  general  thing. 

Q.  They  all  pay  their  proportion  of  the  cost  of  news  which  is  used 
by  certain  papers  exclusively! — A.  That  is  the  result  of  it.  The  New 
York  Associated  Press  collects  from  the  Western  Associated  Press 
$3,500  a  month,  we  will  say.  The  Western  Associated  Press  pays  that 
in  to  the  New  York  Associated  Press,  and  they  p^y  also  for  delivering 
this  news.  They  make  a  contract  with  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  to  deUver  the  news  to  the  Western  Associated  Press.  They 
have  an  arrangement  among  themselves  by  which  they  fix  the  assess- 
ments on  themselves  to  meet  the  expense,  the  amount  of  which  is  sent 
to  the  New  York  Associated  Press  monthly,  as  well  as  what  they  have 
to  pay  the  telegraph  company.  They  tell  all  sorts  of  stories,  and  it  is 
pretty  ha^rd  work  to  say  just  what  they  really  do. 

Q.  You  have  no  exact  data  tending  to  throw  light  upon  that  sub- 
ject!— A.  No,  sir;  I  only  know  in  a  general  way.  I  have  had  the 
means  of  knowing,  but  I  never  made  any  notes  of  their  business  in  any 
way. 

By  Senator  Palmeb  : 

Q.  Does  the  Associated  Press  have  special  rates  for  its  ^^  specials," 
or  are  they  all  included  under  one  general  rate  ! 

The  Witness.  Do  you  mean  for  the  specials  of  the  individual  papers 
belonging  to  the  Associated  Press! 

Senator  Palmeb.  For  instance,  supposing  there  was  a  special  dis- 
patch by  the  Associated  Press  to  some  particular  paper,  say  in  Chi- 
cago.— A.  The  Associated  Press  handles  no  specials ;  whatever  the 
Associated  Press  bandies  is  general  matter;  what^iver  they  get  for 
themselves  they  give  free  to  all  in  their  conibiuation. 

Q.  As  many  drops  as  there  are  f — A.  Yes,  sir ;  that  does  not  come 
under  the  head  of  s|>ecial  matter ;  what  the  Associated  Press  papers^et 


184 


TESTIMONY  OP  W.   P.   PHILLIPS. 


in  the  way  of  specials  over  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  is 
at  the  same  rates  as  are  given  to  all  newspapers  whether  in  or  ontside 
of  the  Associated  Press.  The  rate  on  special  matter  is  open  to  every 
newspaper  in  the  country ;  bnt  there  is  a  discrimination  made  in  the 
matter  of  press  associations,  and  that  is  the  only  one  that  I  know  of. 

By  Senator  Wilson: 

Q.  What  is  the  difference  between  press  association  ratea  and  the 
rates  for  specials  f — ^A.  The  special  rate  is  higher  as  a  general  thing ;  it 
is  much  higher  than  the  Associated  Press  rate ;  the  special  rate  is  what 
I  usually  get  on  my  matter. 

Q.  How  much  higher  is  it  than  the  Associated  Press  rate  f — A.  The 
average  special  nv^  is  about  eighty  four  hundredths  of  a  cent. 

Q.  Per  word  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Q.  The  Associated  Press  average  rate  is  6^  cents  per  hnndred  words  f 
— A.  Yes,  sir ;  and  the  press  association  is  served  in  sort  of  a  combina- 
tion. There  is  great  economy  in  serving  a  number  oi  papers  on  a  wire; 
it  can  be  done  cheaper  and  the  news  is  really  not  as  valaable,  becanse 
in  serving  a  combination  you  are  always  sending  something  for  the 
benefit  of  Buffalo  which  is  of  no  particular  interest  to  Albany,  and  that 
impairs  the  use  of  a  great  deal  of  matter  contained  in  this  general  budget ; 
and  on  account  of  that  and  the  fact  that  it  can  be  handled  more  cheaply, 
the  rate  on  it  has  been  hammered  down  lower  and  lower  until  it  has 
reached  the  point  where  it  is  now  6 j  cents  per  j^nndred  words  for  each 
paper.  ^ 

Q.  How  is  the  business  handled  at  any  point  where  there  are  several 
papers  f  Do  the  telegraph  companies  furnish  a  copy  of  each  message 
to  each  paper  ! — A.  The  general  arrangement  is  that  where  there  is 
only  one  paper  the  telegraph  company  take  it  on  their  own  press  heads, 
as  they  are  called,  with  pen  and  ink,  and  make  the  delivery.  If  there 
is  more  than  one  paper  the4)ress  association  furnishes  the  manifold  and 
as  many  copies  are  taken  as  are  wanted.  The  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company,  as  far  as  my  experience  with  it  is  concerned,  has  usu^-Uy  b€en 
willing  to  make  two  deliveries,  but  where  there  are  more  than  two  de- 
liveries they  expect  to  be  reimbursed  for  moi'e  than  that,  in  my  particnlar 
case.  In  the  Associated  Press  it  makes  no  special  difference.  I  presame 
the  press  association  furnishes  the  manifold  and  if  there  is  any  questioa 
about  the  delivery  they  fix  it  up  with  the  newspapers  amicably,  so  that 
they  send  for  it,  or  something  of  that  sort.  I  had  a  long  experience 
with  the  Western  Union  Company  in  the  Associated  Press  and  I  know 
how  accommodating  and  nice  they  are  to  the  Associated  Press.  They 
do  everything  to  make  it  comfortable.  As  far  as  the  United  Press  is 
concerned  they  try  to  make  it  comfortable  for  us  too,  except  that  in 
extended  business  I  must  be  measured  by  the  contract  they  have  with 
the  Associated  Press. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Do  you  know  whether  or  not  there  is  any  discrimination  on  the  part 
of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  in  the  matter  of  the  trans- 
mittal of  news  f — A.  No,  sir ;  I  think  there  is  none.  I  was  an  operator 
in  the  Western  Union  and  I  never  could  see  that  anybody  was  discrim- 
inated against.  The  matter  is  sent  up  into  the  operating  room  by  a  reg- 
ular system,  and  sent  according  to  the  way  the  dispatches  are  put  on  the 
hook.  As  far  as  I  am  able  to  judge  my  matter  goes  just  as  promptly  as 
that  of  anybody  else. 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


JOHH  VAH  HOBHB,  VIOB-PBESIDEHT  OF  THE  WB8TB&V  UVIOH 

TELEGRAPH  COMPAVT. 


February  23, 1884. 
John  Van  Hobne  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Ghaibman: 

Qaestiou.  Have  yon  examined  a  list  of  qaestions  which  were  snb- 
mitted  to  your  office  f — Answer.  No,  sir ;  I  have  not.  Those  questions 
went  to  Dr.  Green.    They  did  not  come  to  me  at  all. 

The  Chatbman.  In  a  letter  to  Dr.  Green,  I  stated  that  the  questions 
were  submitted  in  order  that  the  officers  of  the  company  might  have 
time  to  prepare  themselves  to  answer  them,  and  of  course  I  assumed 
that  as  you  were  vice-president  of  the  company  you  would  be  made 
aware  of  what  the  questions  were. 

The  Witness.  The  doctor  did  not  understand  it  so.  He  did  not  com- 
municate them  to  me.  He  only  said  he  had  a  list  of  questions  which  I 
saw  afterwards  published  in  the  Herald.  I  have  not  read  them  all.  I 
have  looked  at  them  a  little  this  morning.  His  understanding  was  that 
he  was  expected  to  answer  those  questions,  and  the  officers  and  clerks 
in  the  various  departments  were  engaged  in  preparing  the  information 
for  him  when  I  left  New  York. 

The  Chairman.  There  are  probably  a  good  many  of  the  subjects 
that  were  named  upon  which  you  can  give  us  some  information  from 
memory.  Where  you  cannot  do  that,  of  course  we  will  not  press  the 
questions,  but  wait  for  Mr.  Green  to  give  us  more  complete  answers. 

The  Witness.  It  seems  to  me  that  it  would  be  much  better  to  wait 
for  accurate  information.  I  can  answer  very  few  of  those  questions  ac- 
curately. I  supposed  that  I  would  be  required  to  testify  simply  in  re- 
gard to  whether  the  cost  of  telegraphic  correspondence  between  the 
several  States  and  Territories  and  with  foreign  countries  had  been  in- 
juriously affected  by  large  stock  dividends  made  by  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company,  and  by  consolidations,  &c. ;  and  also  in  regard  to 
press  matters. 


i  ^J 


■J  I 

'J 


186  TESTIMONY   OF   JOHN   VAN   HOBNE. 

The  Ch  A  TUTSAN.  That  is  what  the  Committee  on  Post- Offices  and 
Post-Boads  is  directed  to  ascertain,  by  sending  for  persons  and  papers 
if  necessary.  It  involves  nearly  all  the  questions  that  I  submitted  to 
Mr.  Green,  how  much  was  added  to  the  capital  stock  of  the  company, 
and  what  was  the  value  of  the  property  that  was  acquired. 

I  The  Witness.  It  would  take  a  long  time  to  get  up  that  informatioD, 

I  but  as  much  of  it  as  can  be  gathered  between  the  time  the  doctor  re- 

ceived that  letter  and  Monday,  when  he  is  to  be  here,  he  will,  no  doubt, 
bring  with  him.  That  information  will  be  as  accurate  as  the  employes 
of  the  company  can  make  it. 

Q.  Do  you  know  what  mileage  of  poles  and  wires  the  Western  XJnioQ 

Company  have  now  f — ^A.  I  do  not  know  exactly.    I  think  that  the  last 

report  shows  132,000  miles  of  poles  and  something  like  440,000  miles  of 

wire. 

Q.  What  I  want  to  ascertain  is  what  proportion  of  that  property  is 

I  owned  by  the  company  f — A.  That  I  cannot  tell  you.    That  is  what  the 

clerks  are  working  on  now  to  ascertain. 

I  «  Q.  In  regard  to  all  the  questions  relating  to  the  extent  of  the  prop- 

'  erty  you  would  be  in  the  same  position  f    ¥ou  cannot  answer  them  f-- 

li  A.  I  cannot  answer  accurately. 

!  Q.  I  do  not  ask  strictly  accurate  information,  but  I  want  information 

approximately  correct. — A.  I  suppose  tliat  about  40,000  miles  of  that 
wire  is  in  our  semi-annual  reports  reported  as  kased. 

Q.  There  are  over  400,000  miles  in  all  f — A.  I  think  there  are  440,000. 
The  last  annual  report  of  the  president  will  show. 

Q.  Then  you  think  that  the  company  own  about  400,000  miles  of  wire 
absolutely  free  from  any  joint  interest  of  other  parties  f — A.  IS'o,  sir;  I 

!'  say  I  do  not  know  how  much  it  owns. 

The  Chatkman.  I  will  not  press  the  question  farther.  I  will  ask  yon 
something  about  the  railroad  contracts. 

I  Q.  How  many  contracts  have  you  with  railroad  companies  f — ^A.  I 

could  not  answer  that  question.  I  suppose  we  havefour  or  five  hundred, 
We  have  eight  or  ten  large  books  full  of  them.  I  suppose  there  are 
even  more  than  that.  I  suppose  there  are  seven  or  eight  hundred  of 
them  altogether,  but  some  of  them  have  expired  and  others  are  inopera- 
tive from  one  cause  or  another. 

Q.  Can  you  say  what  proportion  of  the  business  that  is  done  by  the 

Western  Union  Company  is  done  under  these  contracts  f — A.  All  of  it 

Q.  Under  contract  with  the  railroad  companies  f — A.  Yes,  sir ;  in  a 

greater  or  less  degree,  substantially  all  of  it.    That  is,  it  is  done  over 

I  lines  that  are  on  railroads.    Nearly  all  of  it  is  done  over  lines  on  rail- 

roads.   A  great  many  offices  are  maintained  independent  of  railroads. 
Q.  Where  it  is  done  over  lines  that  are  on  railroads  does  it  involve  a 
contract  with  the  railroad  company  t    The  Western  Union  Company,  I 

I  suppose,  does  the  business  and  has  no  contract  with  the  railroad  com- 

pany except  where  the  railroad  company  either  owns  part  or  all  of  the 
line.  Is  that  so  t — ^A.  A  great  majority  of  the  contracts  are  with  rail- 
road companies  that  do  not  own  any  of  the  lines. 

Q.  What  is  the  nature  of  those  contracts  t — A.  They  provide  for  right 
of  way.  They  provide  for  an  interchange  of  free  business ;  that  is,  they 
provide  for  free  business  for  the  railroad  company  on  the  line  of  the 
road  and  beyond  the  line  of  the  road.  They  provide  for  the  ft^e  trans- 
portation of  the  employes  of  the  telegraph  company  when  traveling  on 
the  business  of  the  telegraph  company. 
Q.  That  is  in  return  for  the  right  of  way  T — ^A.  Yes,  sir;  and  other 


TESTIMONY   OF   JOHN   VAN  HOBNE.  187 

service.    They  provide  for  the  transaction  of  commercial  businees  at 
railway  stations. 

Q.  In  the  questions  which  were  submitted  to  your  company  we  asked 
that  copies  of  certain  contracts 'might  be  furnished.  Have  you  those 
with  youf — A.  No,  sir;  I  did  not  suppose  that  those  questions  with 
to  be  answered  by  me  at  all. 

Q.  How  long  a  time  would  it  take  you  to  prepare  answers  to  those 
questions  f — A.  I  do  not  know  ;  I  suppose  it  would  take  a  year  or  two. 
I  do  not  think  some  of  the  questions  could  be  answered  at  all. 

Q.  The  essential  part  of  those  questions  probably  could  be  answered 
within  two  or  three  days,  could  it  not  f — A.  No,  sir ;  I  do  not  think  it 
could. 

Q.  Take  one  of  those  railroad  contracts,  for  instance  the  contract  with 
the  New  York  Central  Bailroad.  Do  you  remember  the  terms  of  that 
contract  f — A.  No,  sir;  I  could  not  give  you  the  terms.  It  provides  for 
the  right  of  way. 

Q.  Do  you  remember  the  terms  of  the  contracts  with  any  of  the  rail- 
road companies  f — A.  I  might  recall  some  of  them.  I  do  not  know  that 
I  have  a  right  to  make  public  a  contract  with  any  particular  railroad 
company  without  the  consent  of  the  railroad  company. 

Q.  As  you  cannot  give  us  any  specific  information  about  these  mat- 
ters I  will  come  to  one  or  two  of  the  general  propositions  about  which 
we  wish  to  get  some  information.  How  much  actual  cash  has  ever  been 
paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  Western  Union  Company  for  stock  f — A, 
I  cannot  tell. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  f — A.*  No,  sir. 

Q.  You  have  no  ideaf — ^A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Have  you  any  idea  of  what  the  ezx>en8es  for  operators  was  during 
the  last  year  f — ^A.  I  do  not  know  what  the  operating  expense  was  sep- 
arately. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  how  the  sum  given  in  your  annual  report  as  the 
expenses  of  the  company  is  divided  and  classMed  f — ^A.  I  know  what  it 
consists  of  principally. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  what  proportion  of  it  was  paid  for  rentals  and 
leases  t — ^A.  That  I  could  not  tell ;  it  is  utterly  impossible  for  any  man 
to  carry  it  in  his  head.  It  is  something  that  I  have  nothing  to  do  with. 
It  does  not  belong  to  my  department  at  all,  and  if  it  did  I  do  not  be- 
lieve I  could  carry  those  items  in  my  mind ;  therefore  it  seems  to  me 
that  those  questions 

Q.  Of  what  part  of  the  business  have  you  charge  f — A.  I  have  the 
electrical  bureau  in  my  department,  and  I  have  charge  of  the  contracts. 
Those  are  the  main  things. 

The  Chaibman.  It  was  my  impression  that  you  had  charge  of  the 
contracts,  and  it  was  for  that  reason  I  thought  you  were  a  suitable  per- 
son of  whom  to  inquire  about  the  railroad  contracts. 

The  Witness.  I  have  given  you  the  main  features  of  all  these  con- 
tracts. They  are  very  much  alike  in  that  respect.  They  differ  in  some 
of  the  details. 

The  Chaibman.  I  thought  you  would  be  prepared  to  answer  the 
questions,  particularly  as  to  the  part  of  the  business  with  which  you 
are  charged. 

The  Witness.  I  did  not  know  anything  about  the  questions  at  all 
until  some  time  after  the  doctor  had  received  them.  He  evidently  sup- 
posed that  those  questions  were  sent  to  him  to  answer.  I  could  not 
have  been  here  to-day  with  that  information  if  I  had  known  it. 

Q.  I  believe  you  have  charge  of  the  whole  matter  of  issuing  passes  or 


i     § 


138 


TESTIMONY   OP  JOHX  VAN   HOBNE. 


franks  f — A.  Yes,  sir ;  they  are  issaed  throagh  my  department ;  they  are 
issaed  by  a  bureau  in  my  department  called  thefree-meHsage  bureau. 

Q.  Gan  you  give  me  an  idea  of  the  amount  that  the  franks  issued  last 
year  would  represent! 

The  Witness.  In  money  value  f 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

A.  No,  sir;  but  I  suppose  it  would  be  somewhere  between  $700,000 
and  $1,000,000. 

Q.  It  might  be  more  or  less  than  thatf — A.  It  would  not  exceed 
$1,000,000,  and  probably  it  would  not  fall  short  of  $700,000.  I  think  it 
would  be  about  $1,000,000. 

Q.  To  whom  are  those  fr*anks  issued  T — A.  They  are  issued  to  all  the 
railroad  ofBices  and  the  transportation  companies. 

Q.  Is  that  a  part  of  your  agreement  with  these  railroad  companies  T— 
A.  Yes,  sir ;  almost  all  the  business  franks  are  issued  to  railroad  offi- 
cials. 

Q.  What  is  the  consideration  for  which  they  are  issaed  T — A.  Free 
transportation  for  our  employes  on  the  railroad,  and  free  transportation 
of  material  to  be  used  in  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  the  lines. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Is  there  any  limitation  in  the  contracts  with  regard  to  the  trans: 
portation  of  material  for  other  competing  companies  I — A.  There  is  in 
some  of  them ;  yes,  sir. 

Q.  What  is  the  nature  of  the  limitation  f — A.  That  the  railroad  com- 
pany will  not  transport  material  for  other  telegraph  companies  at  less 
than  its  regular  rates,  nor  distribute  it  at  other  than  its  regular  stations. 
That  is  in  some  contracts,  but  it  is  not  in  all. 

Q.  Is  that  the  general  rule  in  regard  to  those  contracts,  and  is  the 
absence  of  such  limitation  merely  an  exception  ? — ^A.  I  am  inclined  to 
think  that  it  is  in  the  greater  number  of  the  contracts. 

Q.  What  was  the  purpose  of  the  limitation  ! — A.  We  have  the  exclu- 
sive right  of  way  along  the  roads  in  most  of  these  contracts.  The  pai;- 
pose  was  to  preserve  that  right. 

Q.  Does  it  have  any  reference  to  the  prevention  of  the  establish- 
ment of  competing  telegraph  lines? — ^A.  Yes,  sir;  the  right  along  the 
road  would  not  be  worth  what  we  pay  for  it  if  it  had  to  be  divided  be- 
tween other  companies.  « 

Q.  The  same  limitation  would  apply  to  the  transportation  or  distribu- 
tion of  material  for  the  construction  of  telegraph  lines  off  the  right  of 
way  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  In  a  case  of  that  kind,  then,  it  would  be  solely  for  the  purpose  of 
obstructing  the  construction  of  competing  lines  and  not  for  the  protec- 
tion of  the  right  of  way! — A.  It  would  not  apply  to  the  construction 
of  a  line  off  the  right  of  way  unless,  perhaps,  to  a  line  that  was  con- 
structed immediately  outside  of  the  railroad  company's  right  of  way. 

Q.  Take  a  case  of  that  kind ;  how  would  it  be  then  f — A.  It  would 
not  prohibit  them  from  carrying  material  for  another  company  if  the 
line  were  to  be  built  on  the  highway,  because  they  could  carry  these 
poles  to  the  regular  stations  from  which  it  would  be  necessary  to  dis- 
tribute them. 

Q.  Suppose  it  were  practicable  to  construct  a  telegraph  line  along  the 
line  of  the  right  of  way  of  a  railroad  over  which  yon  had  a  contract  giv- 
ing you  the  right  of  way  for  your  company,  would  it  not  apply  to  that 
case  as  well  as  to  a  line  which  followed  the  ordinarily  traveled  public 
road  f — A.  I  do  not  know  that  I  understand  the  question. 


TESTIMONY   OF  JOHN   VAN   HORNE.  189 

Q.  Suppose  it  were  practicable  to  constract  a  telegraph  line  immedi- 
ately outside  of  the  railroad  right  of  way  along  the  entire  length  of 
that  road.  This  limitation  wonld  apply  to  a  case  of  that  kind  as  well 
as  one  where  the  telegraph  line  followed  the  public  road,  would  it  not  f — 
A.  It  would  not  prohibit  a  telegraph  company  from  building  a  line  out- 
side  of  the  right  of  way  or  on  the  highway  either.  It  only  binds  the 
railroad  company  to  charge  its  regular  rates. 

Q.  Therefore  in  a  case  of  that  kind  the  effect  would  be  the  obstruc- 
tion of  competition,  solely,  would  it  not  T — A.  Yes,  sir ;  it  would  obstruct 
it,  but  not  prohibit  it.    It  would  make  it  more  expensive. 

Q.  It  would  be  an  element  in  the  cost  of  the  construction  of  the 
line  t — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

By  the  Chaibman  : 

Q.  I  asked  you  one  or  two  questions  about  the  matter  of  passes.  The 
subject  has  been  changed,  but  I  will  refer  to  it  again.  What  is  the 
Talue  of  passes  issued  to' other  than  railroad  offices  f — A.  I  do  not  know 
as  I  understand  your  question.  We  issue  three  kinds.  One  is  a  busi- 
ness pass  which  is  issued  under  our  contracts  which  require  us  to  fur- 
nish passes  authorizing  the  free  transmission  of  messages  on  the  busi- 
ness of  the  various  railroad  companies  and  transportation  companies 
with  which  we  have  contracts.  We  have  a  half- rate  frank  which  enti 
ties  the  holder  to  send  messages  at  half  rates.  We  issue  those  to  trans- 
portation companies  with  which  we  have  no  reciprocal  arrangement, 
those  like  the  fast  freight  lines.  Then  there  is  a  complimentary  frank 
which  we  issue  to  the  leading  officers  of  the  railroad  companies  and  to 
other  people.  That  is  a  book  containing  stamps,  and  each  stamp  covers 
a  message. 

Q.  Those  are  complimentary  f — A.  Those  are  complimentary. 

Q.  What  is  the  value  of  the  franks  of  this  kind  that  you  issue  an- 
nually ? — A.  I  do  not  know.  The  amount  is  much  smaller  in  value  than 
that  of  the  business  frank. 

Q.  Are  you  issuing  more  now  than  you  have  done  formerly  f — A.  I 
think  the  number  increases  every  year. 

Q.  Has  there  been  an  unusually  large  increase  during  the  last  yearf — 
A.  Not  very  large,  I  think. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  the  number  issued  this  year  as  compared  with 
the  number  issued  last  yearf — ^A.  No,  sir ;  we  cannot  make  a  compari- 
son until  the  end  of  the  year,  because  we  are  issuing  them  all  the  time 
during  the  year.  I  think  the  number  was  larger  last  year  than  it  had 
ever  ^en. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  the  number  or  the  value  f — A.  No,  sir ;  the  num- 
ber would  be  larger,  of  course,  every  year,  because  we  are  constantly 
making  contracts  with  new  roads,  and  we  issue  these  complimentary 
franks  to  the  principal  officers  of  all  the  roads. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  In  your  estimate  of  a  million  dollars  as  the  value  of  the  free  mes- 
sages sent,  do  you  include  the  value  of  the  complimentary  franks  t — ^A. 
No,  sir ;  I  do  not. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Q.  You  have  entire  charge  of  the  matter  of  issuing  franks  ^  it  is  all 
done  through  you  f — ^A.  It  all  goes  through  my  hands. 

The  Chairman.  I  have  succeeded  in  getting  but  litfle  information 
from  Mr.  Van  Home.  If  any  other  member  of  the  committee  can  learn 
something  from  him  I  should  be  glad  to  have  him  try.    I  have  no  further 


L  "        ♦ 


190 


TESTIMONY    OF   JOHN   VAN   HORNE. 


I- 


I 


questions  to  ask,  as  be  does  not  remember  anything  on  the  points  aboat 
which  I  wish  information. 

The  Witness.  It  will  be  understood  that  the  list  of  questions  was  not 
handed  to  me,  and  I  knew  nothing  of  it  for  a  day  or  two. 

The  Chaibman.  It  was  sent  to  the  president  of  the  Western  Union 
Company  with  a  statement  that  the  committee  desired  information  from 
the  officers  of  his  company  on  those  subjects. 

The  Witness.  He  thought  with  me  that  I  was  to  be  questioned  in 
regard  to  the  effect  of  consolidations  npon  the  rates. 

The  Chairman.  Well,  let  us  have  some  information  on  that  subject 
I  suppose  you  are  prepared  to  show  that  these  consolidations  always 
cheapen  the  rates  t 

The  Witness.  I  am  prepared  to  show  what  the  fEtcts  are. 

The  Chairman.  That  is,  what  you  assume  to  be  the  fact,  is  it  notT 
Have  you  prepared  a  statement  that  you  desire  to  make  to  the  commit- 
tee covering  this  subject  f 

The  Witness.  No,  sir ;  but  I  have  some  notes  here  that  I  will  refer 
to.  In  the  first  place,  I  would  like  to  call  attention  to  the  flEict  that  Mr. 
Phillips  was  asked  on  yesterday  whether,  in  case  of  competition,  the 
Western  Union  Company  would  not  be  likely  to  increase  it«  rates  in  the 
non-competing  territory  in  order  to  make  up  its  losses  at  competing 
points.  I  call  your  attention  to  this  for  the  purpose  of  stating  the  fact 
that,  so  far  as  I  know  and  believe,  the  Western  Union  Company  has  not 
increased  its  rates  during  competition  to  a  single  non-competing  point 
within  the  past  fifteen  years.  Except  in  two  cases,  the  Western  Union 
Company  has  not  increased  its  standard  rates,  either  during  competi- 
tion or  at  any  other  time  anywhere  during  the  past  fifteen  years. 

The  Chairman.  What  are  those  two  cases  f 

The  Witness.  I  will  mention  them  further  along. 

The  company  has  restored  many  of  its  standard  rates  after  competi- 
tion ceased.  It  has,  I  believe,  in  no  instance  restored  all  the  standard 
rates  after  competition  ceased.  From  1866,  daring  which  the  consolida- 
tion of  the  Western  Union  with  the  American  and  other  telegraph  com- 
panies took  place,  until  October,  1869,  the  rates  charged  by  the  Western 
Union  Company  were  either  the  old  rates  of  the  respective  companies 
or  the  rates  of  the  several  companies  added  together.  These  rates  were 
based  on  the  distances  by  wire,  and  varied  from  25  cents  for  the  shorter 
distances  in  the  East  to  $19  and  $20  for  the  longest  distance.  The  rates 
from  New  York  were  then  as  follows :  To  Chicago,  $2.05 ;  to  Saint  Louis, 
$2.55;  to  SaintTaul,  $3.25 ;  to  Cincinnati,  $1.90;  to  New  Orleans,  $3.25; 
to  Oal,vestoii,  $5.50;  to  Indianapolis,  $2.10;  to  Buffalo,  75  cents;  to 
Washington,  75  cents ;  to  San  Francisco,  $7.45 ;  to  Oregon,  $10.20 ;  to 
points  in  Washington  Territory  and  British  Columbia  the  rates  varied 
from  $10.20  to  $16. 

Q.  At  what  time  was  that ! — A.  That  was  1866,  at  the  time  of  the  con- 
solidation between  the  Western  Union  and  the  American  and  the  United 
States  Telegraph  Companies.  At  that  time  oflBces  east  of  New  York 
found  their  rate  by  adding  to  their  rate  to  New  York  the  rate  from  New 
York  to  the  point  in  the  West.  OflBces  north  of  Washington  found  their 
rates  to  offices  South  by  adding  together  the  rates  north  and  south  of 
Washington.  In  like  manner  offices  in  the  West  added  together  the  rate 
north  and  south  of  Louisville.  The  rate  from  a  New  England  office  to  an 
office  fn  Illinois  was  made  up  of  the  American  Company's  rate  to  New 
Y'ork,  the  New  York,  Albany  and  Buflt'alo  Company's  rate  from  New 
York  to  Buffalo,  the  old  Western  Union  rate  from  Buffalo  to  Chicago, 
and  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi  Company's  rate  from  Chicago  to  desitna- 


TESTIMONY   OP   JOHN   VAN   HORNE.  191 

tioD.  The  tariff  from  Boston  to  Sprin^eld,  111.,  for  example,  was  $2.90. 
Now  it  does  not  exceed  75  cents.  On  October  1, 1809|  the  Western 
Union  Company  adopted  and  pnt  into  operation  a  new  scale.  That  was 
abont  three  years  after  this  consolidation  took  place.  In  the  mean  time, 
however,  the  rates  had  been  reduced  in  various  places  throughout  the 
country. 

Q.  When  were  the  principle  i^nductions  in  the  rates  made  f — A.  This 
was  the  first  general  reduction  that  embraced  the  whole  country.  They 
were  at  work  a  year  or  two  to  devise  a  system  which  would  embrace  the 
whole  country,  and  on  October  1, 1869,  that  new  system  was  put  into 
effect.  It  was  a  system  of  square  rates,  which  cut  loose  from  the  old 
plan  of  adding  together  the  rates  of  the  consolidated  companies,  and 
aimed  at  a  uniform  system  for  the  whole  territory  covered  by  the  West- 
ern Union's  lines. 

Q.  Have  not  these  reductions  all  been  made  at  a  time  when  there  was 
a  good  deal  of  competition  f — ^A.  They  have  been  made  at  all  times. 

Q.  Were  not  the  largest*  reductions  made  during  the  time  that  the 
competition  existed  between  the  Western  Union  and  the  United  States, 
the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  and  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific! — A,  No  reduc- 
tions at  all  were  made,  or  scarcely  any  I  think,  during  the  competition 
with  the  United  States. 

Q.  And  none  during  the  competition  with  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic 
and  Atlantic  and  Pacific! — ^A.  Some  with  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic; 
quite  largely  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific. 

Q.  Was  there  not  a  time  when  you  had  a  rate  of  25  cent8  for  all  points 
east  of  the  Mississippi  Biver? — A.  That  was  during  competition  with 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific. 

Q.  How  long  did  that  rate  last  t — A.  I  do  not  remember.  It  was  only 
a  few  months. 

Q.  It  lasted  until  after  the  consolidation! — A.  Tes,  sir.  On  October 
1,  1869,  the  Western  Union  Company  adopted  and  put  into  operation 
a  new  scale  of  rates  by  which  a  reduction  of  from  16  to  25  per  cent, 
was  effected.  On  August  1,  1870,  reductions  were  made  by  establish- 
ing maximum  rates  in  the  Western  Union  territory.  In  this  way  the 
rates  to  San  Francisco  and  intermediate  places  from  telegraph  ofiices  in 
the  Middle  and  Eastern  States  which  were  higher  than  $5  were  reduced 
to  that  figure,  and  during  the  following  year  $5  was  made  the  maxi- 
mum rate  for  all  offices 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Van  Home,  we  have  called  you  here  as  a  witness 
to  answer  certain  questions,  and  not  for  the  purpose  of  submitting  a 
statement  which  you  have  prepared  covering  just  such  points  as  you 
think  it  may  be  for  the  interest  of  your  company  to  present,  to  be  taken 
down  by  a  stenographer  and  printed  at  the  expense  of  the  Senate.  That 
is  not  the  object  of  this  examination.  I  do  not  think  it  is  worth  our 
while  to  have  you  go  any  further  with  this  statement.  We  want  in- 
formation on  certain  subjects,  and  have  asked  you  certain  questions. 
If  you  cannot  answer  them  we  may  as  well  stop  where  we  are.  We 
have  given  the  company  ample  opportunity  to  be  heard  before.  Mr. 
Green,  at  hip  request^  was  accorded  all  the  time  he  asked  for;  so  was 
Mr.  Evarts,  in  behalf  of  the  company.  Let  me  ask  you  one  or  two  more 
questions. 

Q.  When  were  the  American  Union  and  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Com- 
panies consolidated  with  the  Western  Union  f — ^A.  In  1881. 

Q.  Did  those  companies  at  that  time  reach  any  temtory  in  the  United 
States  which  was  not  covered  by  the  Western  Union  t — A.  Yes,  sir  j  I 
think  they  did. 


1  'i 

t 

i       • 


192  TESTIMONY   OF   JOHN   VAN   HOBNE. 

Q.  Which  of  those  companies  reached  any  territory  or  occupied  uiy 
territory  which  was  not  occupied  by  the  Western  Union  t — ^A.  I  think 
they  both  did. 

Q.  How  much  t — A.  Not  much. 

Q.  Pra^^tically  none  t— A.  No ;  there  may  have  been 

Q.  If  it  was  of  any  importance  state  what  it  was. — A.  I  think  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  was  on  some  raili%eds  that  we  were  not  on. 

Q.  To  any  extent  t — A.  To  no  very  great  extent ;  they  were  practi- 
cally in  the  same  field. 

Q.  Did  the  consolidation  of  those  companies  add  anything  to  the  fi^ 
cilities  of  the  Western  Union  Company  f — A.  It  did ;  yes,  sir. 

Q.  What  did  it  add  f — A.  It  added  all  the  wire  they  broaght  in. 

Q.  The  Western  Union  had  not  sufficient  wire  to  do  the  business  be- 
fore f — A.  It  needed  these  wires;  most  of  them. 

Q.  It  could  not  do  the  business  without  them  t — A.  It  could  not  do 
its  own  basiness  and  the  business  that  they  did  very  well  without  them ; 
it  could  not  do  it  so  well  as  with  them. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  During  the  time  to  which  you  now  refer  did  the  Western  Union  re- 
duce its  rates  on  any  part  of  its  line  f 

The  Witness.  During  competition  with  the  American  Union  t 

Senator  Wilson.  Yes. 

A.  No  more  than  it  did  ordinarily ;  not  so  much  as  it  has  done  since. 

Q.  That  does  not  answer  my  question ;  did  it  reduce  its  rates  ? — ^A. 
No,  sir ;  to  no  general  extent;  we  are  always  reducing  the  rates. 

Q.  I  am  speaking  distinctly  with  regard  to  the  business  that  could 
be  in  any  way  affected  by  the  wires  of  these  other  companies :  did  the 
Western  Union  Company  reduce  its  rates  over  any  part  of  its  lines  that 
were  brought  into  competition  with  these  other  companies  f — A.  I  think 
not,  except  in  the  same  way  that  it  is  doing  all  the  time ;  there  is 
scarcely  a  month  that  the  Western  Union  Company  does  not  reduce 
rates. 

Q.  Then  am  I  to  understand  that  the  competition  of  these  other  com- 
panies did  not  induce  the  reduction  of  rates  in  any  respect  by  the 
Western  Union  f — A.  No,  sir.  The  American  Union  did  not  reduce 
rates.  The  Atlantic  and  Pacific  did  before  the  pooling  arrangement 
was  made.  Before  the  consolidation  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific, 
there  had  been  a  pooling  arrangement. 

Q.  When  they  reduced  rates  did  you  meet  that  reduction  t — A.  Yes, 
sir ;  but  they  did  not  reduce  much.  The  American  Union  did  not  re- 
duce rates. 

Q.  If  you  reduced  at  all,  why  did  you  reduce  f — A.  We  only  reduced 
in  the  way  that  we  are  always  reducing.    We  are  always  doing  it. 

Senator  Wilson.  You  do  not  come  to  my  point  at  all. 

The  Witness.  I  am  sorry  I  do  not  understand  it. 

Q.  You  reduced  rates  to  meet  their  reductions,  did  you  nott — ^A.  They 
did  not  make  reductions  to  any  great  extent.  When  they  made  a  re- 
duction, and  we  knew  what  the  r^uction  was  we  met  it. 

Q.  You  did  that  for  what  purpose  f — A.  To  keep  hold  of  the  business. 

Q.  And  to  induce  business  to  come  to  you  instead  of  going  to  them  ?*- 
A.  To  keep  it  from  going  from  us  to  them.  We  had  it.  We  already 
had  the  business. 

Q.  And  yet  you  needed  more  wire  to  do  the  business,  and  hence  con- 
solidated in  order  to  get  the  additional  wire  t — A.  We  always  need  wire. 
We  never  have  had  enough  wire.    We  haven't  enough  wire  to-day. 


TE8TIM01I7   OF  JOHN  VAN   HORNE.  193 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Q.  You  say  you  have  not  enough  wire  to-day.  Could  you  have  con- 
structed the  wires  of  the  American  Union  Company  at  a  less  cost  than 
you  took  them  at! — A.  We  probably  could. 

Q.  Do  you  know  about  what  the  cost  of  the  American  Union  lines 
were! — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Do  you  know  what  their  stock  was  at  the  time  they  consolidated f — 
A.  It  was  fifteen  millions,  I  believe,  altogether,  stock  and  bonds. 

Q.  Before  they  consolidated  what  was  the  stock  of  the  American 
Union  ? — A.  Ten  millions,  I  think. 

Q.  And  it  was  taken  into  the  Western  Union  at  whatf — A.  Fifteen 
millions. 

Q.  How  long  was  it  before  it  consolidated  that  it  had  been  made  ten 
millions  f — A.  1  do  not  know. 

The  Ohaibman.  I  think  that  it  can  be  shown  that  the  cost  of  that 
prox>erty  was  three  millions  and  it  was  taken  in  at  twelve  millions. 

Q.  How  much  less  than  was  paid  for  the  American  Union,  the  At- 
lantic and  Pacific,  and  the  Mutual  Union  lines  could  you  have  built 
them  for,  in  your  judgment  t — A.  If  we  did  not  have  any  trouble  about 
the  right  of  way  and  we  could  go  ahead  and  build  them  without  paying 
out  any  money  except  for  the  lines  themselves. 

Q.  You  say  if  you  had  the  right  of  way.  You  were  occupying  the 
same  ground,  and  only  needed  to  have  put  up  more  wires  f — ^A.  Not  al- 
ways. There  is  a  great  deal  of  difference  between  the  same  territory 
and  the  same  ground. 

Q.  Did  you  not  have  lines  to  all  the  places  reached  by  the  American 
Union  and  the  Atlantic  and. Pacific  at  that  timef — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  It  was  a  mere  question  of  putting  up  some  more  wires,  was  it 
not  t — A.  W'e  could  not  have  put  up  some  of  the  lines  at  all  that  they 
built.    We  could  not  have  got  the  right  of  way  to  do  it. 

Q.  If  you  had  lines  already  reaching  the  same  places,  did  you  not  have 
the  right  of  way  f— A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  How  did  you  reach  themt — A.  We  reached  them  by  different 
ways ;  sometimes  by  turnpike  and  sometimes  on  the  railroad.  We  might 
have  had  the  right  of  way  on  one  side  of  the  railroad  without  having 
it  on  the  other. 

Q.  Would  you  venture  to  state  that  the  consolidations  this  company 
has  made  with  these  other  companies  has  not  had  the  effect  of  adding 
very  largely  to  the  cost  to  the  company  of  sending  messages  as  compared 
with  what  it  would  have  cost  if  they  had  not  consolidated  f — A.  I  can- 
not tell  what  it  would  have  been.  All  I  know  is  that  rates  are  lower 
to-day  than  they  ever  were  in  the  United  States. 

Q.  That  may  be,  and  at  the  same  time  they  are  a  great  deal  higher 
than  they  are  anywhere  else  in  the  world. — A.  No,  sir ;  I  do  not  admit 
that. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Were  any  of  the  lines  with  which  the  Western  Union  consolidated 
paying  their  expenses  prior  to  such  consolidation  f — A.  I  think  not,  sir ; 
in  no  instance  that  I  know  of. 

Q.  Then  what  was  the  inducement  to  consolidation  f — A.  The  induce- 
ment to  get  their  receipts }  to  get  the  business  that  they  were  doing. 

Q.  Was  it  or  was  it  not  for  the  purpose  of  eliminating  competition 
firom  the  business  t — A.  It  was  for  the  purpose  of  eliminating  competi- 
tion. 

Q.  That  was  the  reason  why  you  took  in  these  lines  at  a  g^reater  cost 

S.  Rep.  677,  pt  2 13 


.it 


194  TESTIMONY   OP  JOHN   VAN   HORNE. 


•J 


than  would  have  accraed  to  yon  through  the  constraction  or  the  raoDiog 
of  other  wires  over  your  own  lines  f — A.  It  was  more  economical  to  take 
them  in  and  work  the  lines  than  it  was  to  fight  them.  Yoa  nnderstand 
that  in  taking  in  a  telegraph  line  at  perhaps  nine-tenths  of  the  stations 
we  can  ox)erate  those  wires  without  any  increase  of  expense,  so  that  all 
the  receipts  at  those  stations  would  be  clear  profit  to  the  Western  Union 
Company.  In  a  town  of  two  or  three  thousand  inhabitants  one  oper- 
ator can  do  all  the  business.  If  there  are  three  companies  there  they  are 
just  wasting  the  money  on  two  ox)erators. 

Q.  Still,  there  was  the  danger  of  preventing  business  going  from  yoa 
to  the  other  lines  t — A.  They  did  not  gain  very  much  in  receipts.  They 
all  did  about  the  same  amount  of  business ;  they  did  about  a  hundred 
thousand  dollars  a  montii. 

Q.  If  they  did  not  take  any  business  from  you  or  get  business  which 
would  have  gone  to  you  but  for  their  existence,  then  there  would  have 
been  no  reason  why  you  should  have  taken  them  in,  would  there  f — A. 

f  No,  sir. 

I  Q.  So  that  it  comes  back  to  the  point  I  suggested  a  few  moments  ago, 

that  it  was  for  the  purpose  of  eliminating  competition  f — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

By  the  Chairman  :  ^ 

Q.  Have  all  these  lines  that  you  have  acquired  by  consolidations  and 
purchases  and  in  other  ways  been  maintained  and  kept  in  working  or- 
der f — A.  Substantially  so. 

Q.  What  do  you  mean  by  that  answer  f    How  many  of  them  have 
been  maintained  f — A.  We  have  taken  in  sixty  or  seventy  thousand 
f     miles  of  wire,  I  suppose,  and  we  have,  perhaps,  abandoned  a  thousand 
mile«  out  ot  the  whole  of  it.    We  sometimes  remove  the  lines  to  the  rail- 
roads.   A  great  many  of  these  lines  are  on  the  highwafTSi  and  we  re- 
'  move  them  to  the  railroads  rather  than  rebuild  the  lines  on  the  highways 

when  the  lines  need  rebuilding.  The  expense  would  be  far  greater  to 
rebuild  the  lines  on  the  highways  than  it  would  be  to  move  the  wires 
over  on  to  a  line  of  poles  that  we  would  have  standing  adjacent  to  the 
railroad. 

Q.  Do  you  wish  to  be  understood  as  saying  that  these  consolidations 
were  effected  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  your  facilities  in  any  case  f— 
A.  They  were  effected  both  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  the  facilities 
and  for  the  purpose  of  getting  rid  of  the  expense  of  competition.  Dar- 
ing competition  the  expenses  are  increased  and  the  receipts  are  de- 
creased always. 

Q.  These  consolidations  certainly  were  not  made  for  the  purpose  of 
increasing  your  territory,  were  they  f — ^A.  Some  of  them  were. 

Q.  Take,  for  instance,  that  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  f — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  And  the  American  Union  f — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  The  Mutual  Union  t — A.  No,  sir. 

.  Q.  They  did  not  add  to  your  territory  at  all  f — A.  But  the  Southern 
Atlantic  did,  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  did,  the  American  Company  did, 
and  a  thousand  others  did.    I  do  not  know  that  I  should  say  a' thou- 
^^  sand,  but  a  large  number  of  others. 

Q.  Some  of  those  reached  the  same  places  with  the  Western  Union 
and  others  did  not  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Can  you  name  a  single  town  in  the  United  States  of  two  thousand 
inhabitants  that  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company  reached,  the  Ameri- 
can Union  reached,  or  the  Mutual  Union  reached,  that  was  not  reached 
by  the  Western  Union  f — A.  No,  sir ;  I  cannot.  There  may  have  been 
such  towns. 


TESTIMONY   OP  JOHN   VAN   HOBNiJ.  1 95 

• 

Q.  You  cannot  think  of  any  place  of  any  importance  whatever  f — 
A.  No,  sir ;  still,  I  think  they  haci  quite  a  number  of  offices  we  did  not 
reach,  because  their  lines  were  built  to  a  great  extent  on  the  high- 
ways ;  they  went  through  towns  that  the  railroads  did  not  pass  through. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  The  dividend  of  your  company  has  been  aJt>oot  7  per  cent,  f — A* 
Yes,  sir. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Q.  Was  it  7  per  cent  last  year  f — A.  Yes,  sup. 
Q.  You  divided  7  per  cent,  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

By  Senator  Wilson: 

Q.  At  the  time  of  the  consolidation  there  was  about  $15,000,000  of 
stock  issued,  was  there  f — A.  I  do  not  know  that  I  can  state  it  accu- 
rately.   It  was  $15,000,000, 1  think,  on  account  of  the  American  Union. 

Q.  Take  the  American  Union  then,  as  an  example,  at  $15,000,000  of 
stock  'y  7  per  rmt.  of  that  would  be  $1,050,000.  Do  you  think  that  the 
matter  of  receiving  7  per  cent,  on  $15,000,000  stock  divided  among  the 
stockholders  of  the  consolidated  company,  thus  amounting  to  $1,050,000 
a  y^SLT,  had  anything  to  do  with  effecting  that  consolidation  f — ^A.  No, 
sir.  The  American  Union  was  probably  doing  about  $130,00p  worth  of 
business  a  month  at  the  time  of  the  consolidation ;  our  expenses  were 
largely  increased ;  it  wa«  supposed  that  the  company  could  save  the 
most  of  that  $130,000  or  $135,000  a  month  by  this  consolidation,  and 
get  rid  of  the  losses  that  would  inevitably  result  from  the  extension  of 
the  American  Union  lines  into  other  territories.  We  got  these  receipts, 
and  we  prevented  further  losses  by  the  extension  of  their  lines. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Would  it  not  be  equally  to  your  interest  in  the  future,  as  it  has 
been  in  the  past,  to  prevent  any  deficiency  arising  in  this  business  f — 
A.  Oh,  yes,  of  course  it  would.  We  are  not  crushing  out  these  com- 
peting companies ;  they  are  crushing  themselves  o.ut  almost  always  by 
reducing  the  rates  below  the  point  which  will  give  them  any  profit. 
We  are  not  on  the  defensive  all  the  time,  but  we  are  not  the  aggressors 
in  these  competing  fights  for  the  business ;  we  do  not  cut  the  rates ;  it 
is  always  our  competitors  who  cut  the  rates,  and  we  follow  them;  we 
scarcely  ever  do  more  than  just  follow  them. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Do  you  believe  that  such  consolidations  as  have  taken  place  in  the 
past  are  calculated  to  induce  the  establishment  of  other  lines  in  order 
that  similar  consolidations  may  be  enforced  f — A.  It  may  be  so. 

Q.  What  is  your  judgment  about  that! — A.  I  think  probably  it  is. 
I  am  sorry  to  say  that  I  believe  we  would  have  been  a  great  deal  better 
off  if  we  had  not  had  competition — the  rates  would  have  been  lower  than 
they  are  now,  and  the  facilities  would  have  been  more  equally  dis- 
tributed over  the  whole  country. 

Q.  Then  such  consolidations  in  the  future,  arising  from  the  establish- 
ment of  competing  lines  because  of  the  consolidations  which  have  taken 
place  in  the  past,  will  not  have  a  tendency  to  reduce  the  rates  t 

The  Witness.  Consolidations  in  the  future  f 

Senator  Wilson.  Yes. 

A.  Well.  I  cannot  tell  about  that. 

Q.  I  unaerstood  you  to  say  that  if  it  had  not  been  for  this  competi* 


. 


y       *  I 


'    I 


196 


TESTDCOHT   OF  JOHH  YAK  HOBHS. 


tion  and  the  resaltiDg  oonsolidatioDa  yonr  rates  would  have  heen  len 
than  they  areDOwf — A^  Tee,  air. 

Q.  Therefore  the  teDdencj  of  a  repetitioii  of  that  will  be  to  ineieafie 
expenses  rather  than  to  rednce  them,  will  it  nott — A^  It  would  have  a 
tendency  to  delay  the  reduction  of  rates.  It  is  manifest  that  we  lose  s 
great  deal  of  money  when  we  have  to  divide  a  large  portion  of  oar  bad- 
ness with  competing  companies.  We  cannot  afford  to  reduce  the  rate 
as  flMt  as  we  woold  if  we  had  the  whole  field  to  oorselves. 

By  the  Chatrman; 

Q.  Yoarnet  earnings  last  year  were  $7,760,000? — A.  Yes,  aboat  that 

Q.  And  the  gross  receipts  abont  $19,00(h()00.  Do  yon  think  that  is 
about  a  fair  proportion  in  consideration  or  the  interests  of  the  people 
who  send  messages  and  the  interests  of  the  Western  Union  Company!— 
A.  All  tibose  receipts  were  were  not  for  messages.  Those  receipts  em- 
braced dividends  on  stocks  held  by  the  company;  they  also  embraced 
earnings  of  .other  companies  in  which  the  Western  Union  is  interested. 

Q.  Can  yon  state  how  much  of  it  is  for  messages? — ^A.  I  can  not  ex- 
actly; I  think  perhaps  $15,000,000  to  $16,000,000.  Dr.  Green  can  prob- 
ably state  it  more  accarately. 

The  Ghairman.  That  was  one  of  the  qaestions  sobmitted  to  him,  so 
I  will  not  press  it  now. 

Q.  If  you  had  redaced  rates  to  the  level  of  those  in  other  countries, 
do  you  not  think  it  would  have  had  the  effect  to  prevent  a  great  deal 
of  comx>etition  t — ^A.  No,  sir ;  I  do  not  think  it  would. 

Q.  Were  not  the  high  rates  which  you  kept  up  a  great  inducement 
to  competitors  f — A^  We  have  been  reducing  rates  afi  ttte  time  for  the 
last  fifteen  years. 

Q.  That  is  not  an  answer  to  my  question.  If  you  had  redaced  yonr 
rates  to  the  level  of  those  in  other  countries  do  you  not  think  it  would 
have  had  the  effect  to  prevent  a  great  deal  of  competition  t — ^A.  If  we 
had  reduced  rates  below  the  point  where  we  could  make  any  money,  I 
suppose  it  would. 

Q.  You  have  consolidated  altogether  with  how  many  companies  t— 
A.  I  do  not  know ;  I  suppose  two  or  three  hundred. 

Q.  Have  you  ever  taken  in  the  property  of  any  company  at  less  than 
it  would  take  to  replace  itf — ^A.  I  suppose  we  hav^e  taken  in  a  great 
many  less. 

Q.  Any  of  considerable  importance  t  Any  of  the  larger  concerns  ?» 
A.  No,  sir ;  not  very  large.  The  old  Western  Union  Company  was 
made  up  of  a  great  many  smaller  companies.  There  were  hundreds  of 
companies  in  the  United  States  that  did  not  average  300  miles  Of  line 
each. 

Q.  Do  you  not  think  that  a  great  many  of  these  competing  companies 
have  gone  into  the  competition  knowing  that  they  could  force  the  West- 
em  Union  to  consolidate  with  them  on  enormously  profitable  terms  f^ 
A.  1  do  not  think  they  knew  it  beforehand,  but  they  probably  hoped 
they  could  do  it. 

Q.  The  expectation  of  bein^  able  to  do  so  would  be  a  strong  induce- 
ment for  them  to  build  competing  lines  f — A.  Probably.  There  is  money 
made  in  building  these  lines,  perhaps. 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


HOBVDT  OBBBV,  PBESIDXHT  OF  THE  WBSTEBH  UHIOH  TELB- 

ORAPH  COMPAVT. 


February  25, 1884. 
NoBvm  Obeen  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Ghaibman  : 

Question.  In  order  that  the  persons  who  have  been  called  upon  shoold 
be  prepiured  to  answer  the  qaestions  which  were  sabmitted,  I  sent  to 
joa  a  list  of  interrogatories  with  a  view  of  giving  them  an  idea  upon 
what  points  we  desired  to  be  informed  early  enough  to  admit  of  prep- 
aration of  answers.  I  would  ask  you  if  you  received  them. — Answer. 
I  didf'bnt  I  did  not  understand  that  the  committee  had  determined  to 
put  tliose  questions  to  me  interrogatively.  The  note  of  the  chairman 
was  to  the  effect  that  he  submitted  a  paper  containing  a  list  of  subjects 
on  which  the  committee  wanted  information.  I  cannot  see  how  all  of 
them  are  pertinent  to  the  inquiry  in  the  resolution,  and  they  certainly 
involve  a  turning  out  of  private  transactions  and  contracts  of  my  com- 
pany that  I  am  not  authorized  to  make.  They  are  not  in  my  possession, 
either  individually  or  as  president;  they  are  on  the  private  files  of  the 
company.  I  propose,  however,  to  give  the  committee  a  good  deal  of  the 
informatation  called  for  in  those  questions,  although  I  am  assuming  a 
good  deal  of  authority  in  so  doing.  As  to  the  amount  of  our  property, 
as  to  our  telegraph  business,  as  to  what  we  pay  to  operators,  and  for 
message  service^  for  line  amendment,  and  all  that  sort  of  thing,  I  pro- 
pose to  give  the  committee  some  information. 

The  Ghaibman.  If  there  are  anj'  questions  which  do  not  properly 
come  under  the  resolution  of  the  Senate,  they  will  not  be  pressed.  But 
the  resolution  is  one  of  considerable  scope,  and  I  think  nearly  all  the 
questions  may  be  said  to  come  properly  under  the  resolution. .  In  order 
to  get  the  information  which  the  resolution  calls  for,  we  would  be  com- 
pelled to  ask  those  questions. 

197 


It' 


198 


TESTIMONY    OP    NORVIN   GREEN. 


The  Witness.  I  hope  the  committee  will  Dot  insist  npon  the  prodnc- 
lion  of  oar  contracts.  In  the  first  place,  I  am  not  aothorized  to  prodace 
them.  It  would  be  assuming  an  authority  that  ought  to  subject  me  to 
severe  rebuke  if  I  were  to  publish  them  without  the  consent  of  my  co- 
trustees. As  I  said,  they  are  not  in  my  possession.  In  the  second 
place,  it  would  be  improper  to  publish  them  without  the  consent  of  the 
other  parties  to  the  contracts.  I  can  readily  understand  why  the  other 
parties  might  object.  I  promised  the  committee  to  send  our  contract 
with  the  Associated  Press,  and  I  had  a  good  deal  of  trouble  to  get  con- 
sent to  send  it.  Finally,  Mr.  Smith,  the  general  agent,  said  that  there 
had  been  so  much  misrepresentation  about  the  contract  that  he  thought; 
I  had  better  send  it,  and  I  did  so.  Of  course  it  has  already  involved  us 
in  a  world  of  trouble.  Every  association  that  imagines  that  they  have 
not  as  favorable  terms  as  others  are  demanding  of  us  more  favorable 
terms.  To  publish  our  railroad  contracts,  and  thus  give  every  railroad 
company  a  chance  to  pick  out  all  the  favorable  points  in  onr  contracts 
with  every  other  railroad  company,  and  then  insist  upon  having  a  con- 
tract as  good  as  a  combination  of  all  the  best  points  in  the  contracts 
with  other  companies,  would  be  to  perpetrate  such  a  wrong  against  the 
interests  of  my  company  as  I  could  not  do.  The  same  thing  applies  in 
a  great  measure  to  press  contracts. 

Q.  In  sending  us  a  copy  of  your  contract  with  the  Associated  Press 
did  you  think  you  were  complying  with  your  promise  made  to  the  com- 
mittee when  you  were  before  it  t  In  the  contract  you  sent  there  is  a 
provision  that  former  contracts  are  to  remain  in  force.  We  know  noth- 
ing whatever  about  the  former  con  tracts. — A.  That  is  the  only  contract 
we  have  with  the  New  York  Associated  Press.  I  am  willing  to  state 
the  general  features  of  that  contract,  and  I  do  not  think  you  are  likely 
to  ask  me  any  questions  that  I  am  not  prepared  to  answer  to-day  ;  but 
I  am  perfectly  sure  that  the  Associated  Press  would  not  be  willing  to 
have  that  contract  made  public. 

The  Ghaibman.  The  very  portion  of  the  contract  which  yon  object  to 
making  public  is  probably  the  very  part  we  would  want  to  know  about, 
and  therefore  I  do  not  think  that  stating  the  substance  within  certain 
limits  would  t>e  of  much  use  to  the  committee ;  nothing  short  of  the 
whole  will  serve  the  purposes  of  the  committee. 

The  Witness.  As  far  as  that  particular  contract  is  concerned  I  will 
take  the  matter  into  consideration  and  consult  the  other  parties.  They 
may  not  object  to  its  production  finally,  I  do  not  know.  There  is  noth- 
ing at  all  exclusive  in  it,  and  there  is  nothing  in  it  that  we  have  not 
b€^  ready  and  willing  to  give  to  every  association  doin^  the  like  serv- 
ice. 

With  respect  to  our  new  service  I  wish  to  say — and  that  may  be  con- 
sidered as  testimony — that  every  paper  that  wants  reports  can  get  them 
on  precisely  the  same  terms  that  any  member  of  the  association  can  get 
its  reports.  There  are  no  two  combination  services  alike.  The  combi- 
nation service  of  the  Western  Associated  Press  embraces  perhaps  15,000 
words  a  day,  at  least  five  times  as  much  as  any  other  association.  It  is 
compact,  with  a  great  number  of  deliveries.  I  do  not  know  how  many — 25 
or  30  drops  at  least — while  the  other  comoination  services  have  a  very 
much  smaller  number  of  drops  over  as  wide  a  range  of  territory  and 
with  very  much  less  service.  But  as  to  individual  papers,  every  one 
is  served  at  the  same  price.  We  have  a  rate  established  with  the  New 
York  Associated  Press  for  special  reports  from  all  points,  which  we 
give  to  everybody. 


TESTIMONY   OF^NOBVIN   GBEEN.  199 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  The  twelfth  clause  of  the  contract  which  you  furnished  the  commit- 
tee reads  as  follows : 

Nothing  iu  the  stipalations  above  set  forth  shall  be  coDStraed  to  alter  or  amend  the 
original  and  supplementary  contracts  entered  into  between  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company  and  the  Western  Associated  Press,  dated  January  11, 1867,  March  1, 
I860,  June  7,  1871,  and  September  21,  1878,  respectively,  and  now  in  force. 

Q.  Is  there  any  objection  on  the  part  of  your  company  to  supplying 
the  committee  with  the  contracts  specified  iu  this  clause  of  the  one  you 
have  already  furnished  T — A.  I  will  answer  that  1  am  willing,  and  will 
advocate  the  supplying  of  that  contract ;  but  I  would  not  do  it  without 
the  consent  of  my  executive  committee  and  of  the  Western  Associated 
Press.    I  have  no  right  to  do  it. 

Senator  Wilson.  ( )f  course  it  is  impossible  to  understand  the  force 
and  effect  of  this  contract  without  being  able  to  examine  the  others 
mentioned  therein. 

The  Witness.  That  contract  covers  all  the  provisions  of  the  contract 
with  the  New  York  Associated  Press  proper.  The  Western  Associated 
Press  formed  a  sort  of  an  alliance  with  the  New  York  Associated  Press 
for  the  purpose  of  jointly  getting  foreign  news,  and  became  a  party  to 
this  contract,  and  they  prefer  to  hold  on  to  their  old  contract. 

The  Chairman.  The  request  to  be  furnished  with  a  copy  of  those  con- 
tracts comes  clearly  within  the  scope  of  the  resolution  of  the  Senate, 
does  it  not  ? 

Mr.  G.  J.  M.  GwiNN  (of  counsel  for  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company).  We  think  not. 

The  Chairman.  Let  me  read  you  the  first  clause  of  this  resolution: 

That  the  Committee  on  Post-Offices  and  Post-Roads  are  hereby  instructed  to  in- 
quire whether  the  cost  of  telegraphic  correspondence  between  the  several  States  and 
Territories  of  the  United  States,  or  with  foreign  countries,  has  been  injuriously  af- 
fected by  large  stock  dividends  made  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  by 
consolidations  between  different  telegraph  companies,  by  working  coutraicts  with  cable 
or  other  companies,  by  the  leasing  of  connecting  or  competing  lines,  or  by  other 
means. 

It  occurred  to  me  that  there  could  not  be  any  doubt  on  that  subject. 
The  committee  calls  for  copies  of  these  papers.  If  they  are  not  fur- 
nished, of  course  it  is  matter  for  future  consideration. 

The  Witness.  Suppose,  Mr.  Chairman,  you  leave  that  until  we  come 
to  it ;  or,  did  you  want  to  make  that  the  nrst  question  Y 

The  Chairman.  It  will  be  perfectly  satisfactory  to  me  to  leave  it  until 
we  reach  it  in  the  regular  order.  We  can  take  it  up  as  one  of  the  list 
of  interrogatories. 

Q.  The  first  question  proposed  is,  what  amount  of  mileage  of  poles 
and  wires  is  actually  owned  by  the  Western  Union  Company  ! — A.  I 
will  answer  that,  while  it  would  perhaps  not  be  impossible  to  tell,  it 
would  require  a  great  deal  of  time  and  clerical  labor  to  ascertain.  Nec- 
essarily a  large  amount  of  lines  classed  on  our  books  as  lines  leased  and 
controlled  are  those  in  which  we  have  a  very  large  ownership.  We  carry 
on  the  separate  organization  of  leased  companies  for  the  purpose  of 
availing  of  their  franchises  by  their  charters  in  the  several  States.  We 
carry  them  as  leased  properties  after  we  have  acquired  nearly  all  the 
stock,  and  in  all  of  them  we  own  more  or  less  of  the  stock.  All  our 
organizations,  except  the  American  Union  and  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific, 
were  leased.  The  American  Company  was  leased,  the  United  States 
l3ompaiiy  was  leased,  the  Southwestern  Comuanv  was  leajsed,  but  the 


200 


TESTIMONY    OF   NOBVIN    GREEN. 


i'l 


stx)ck  of  those  compaDies  was  so  nearly  all  acqaired — and  in  some  in- 
stances  every  share — that  they  are  now  classed  as  owned  lines. 

Q.  The  several  companies  that  yon  name  maintain  an  independent 
existence  to  this  day  Y^A.  Yes,  sir;  they  all  maintain  separate  organi- 
zations. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Are  they  the  basis  of  any  stock  issaed  by  the  Western  Union  f^ 
A.  They  were  the  basis  of  the  amount  of  stock  agreed  to  be  given  for 
them  at  the  time  they  were  taken  np. 

Q.  Their  original  stock,  then,  is  still  outstanding  Y — A.  It  is  oatstand- 
ing,  but  it  belongs  to  the  Western  Union  Company. 

Q.  If  it  is  a  separate  organization  from  the  Western  Union,  and  the 
Western  Union  owns  the  stock,  then  it  is  still  outstanding  as  much  as 
it  would  be  if  it  were  in  the  hands  of  private  individuals,  is  it  not  Y — A. 
I  should  call  it  instanding  stock ;  it  has  been  locked  up  in  our  safe  a 
good  many  years. 

Q.  That  may  show  the  close  connection  between  the  two  companies ; 
nevertheless,  it  is  outstanding  stock  of  that  company  leased,  is  it  notY— 
A.  Yes,  sfr. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  It  is  existing  stock. 

The  Witness.  It  is  existing  stock. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  what  I  mean ;  that  is,  the  stock  issued  by 
the  company  whose  lines  you  leased  was  not  retired  Y 

The  Witness.  It  is  still  a  live  stock,  the  Western  Union  Company 
being  the  sole  stockholder. 

Q.  Now  my  question  is,  whether  the  property  of  the  company  whose 
lines  you  have  so  leased  or  made  any  arrangement  in  connection  there- 
with, forms  the  basis  of  any  stock  issued  by  the  Western  Union  Y — A 
Not  at  all,  except  the  stock  issued  for  the  exchange  of  that  stock. 

Q.  But  still  that  stock  has  not  been  retired,  has  it  Y — A.  No ;  that 
stock  has  not  formed  the  basis  of  issuing  any  additional  stock. 

Q.  But  the  property  represented  by  that  stock  does  form  the  basis Y— 
A.  No,  sir ;  not  of  the  issue  of  any  additional  stock. 

Q.  Then  what  was  the  Western  Union  stock  issued  for  Y — A.  It  was 
issued  for  the  purchase  of  that  stock. 

Q.  Exactly ;  but  it  was  for  the  purchase  of  the  property  or  franchise 
of  companies  still  in  existence  and  whose  stock  is  still  outstanding  Y — ^A. 
Yes ;  but  among  our  assets  in  the  treasury  we  have  never  classed  the 
stocks  of  companies  thus  retired. 

Q.  "Thus  retired;''  what  do  you  mean  by  that  term  Y — ^A.  Thus  taken 
up.    We  considered  it  retired  from  public  transactions  in  it. 

Q.  It  has  all  the  functions,  however,  of  corporation  stock,  has  it 
notY — A.  It  has. 

Q.  It  is  used  in  the  meetings  of  the  company  whose  lines  you  leased  Y — 
A.  It  stands  on  the  books  as  owned  by  the  Western  Union  Company, 
and  is  represented  by  proxies  issued  by  the  Western  Union  Company 
to  vote  in  annual  elections  of  directors. 

Q.  For  all  corporation  purposes  for  which  stock  is  used  it  is  a  "live" 
stock.— A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Ou  top  of  that  stock — if  I  may  be  allowed  to  use  that  expression- 
there  rests  Western  Union  stock  issued  in  payment  for  that  stock. — 
A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  But  the  stock  is  not  retired. — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  It  still  has  its  functions  as  the  stock  of  an  independent  company  t — 
A.  Yes,  sir. 


TESTIMONY  OF  NORVIN  GREEN.  201 

By  the  GHAiBMAi^ : 

Q.  Property  yoa  have  acquired  in  this  way  is  what  yoa  term  leased 
property. — A.  No ;  I  say  that  is  the  difOicalty  of  ascertaining  precisely 
how  much  property  we  own. 

Q.  You  mentioned  the  American  Union  as  one  of  the  leased  proper- 
ties.— A.  I  said  that  is  now  classed  as  an  owned  stock,  although  there 
are  about  six  shares  of  stock  still  outstanding.  Still  we  class  that 
among  the  owned  lines.  About  (600  outstanding  out  of  (4,000,000 
leaves  it  pretty  well  an  owned  line.  There  are  others  classed  as  leased 
lines  in  which  we  have  a  majority  of  the  stock.  Therefore,  the  classi- 
fication on  our  books  does  not  represent  all  that  is  owned,  because  we 
have  a  large  ownership  in  the  lines  classed  as  leased.  With  that  ex- 
planation, our  owned  lines  are  substantially  114,000  miles,  and  those 
leased  and  controlled,  30,000  miles.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  separate 
leased  from  controlled,  becaut>e  the  lines  belonging  to  railroad  com- 
panies, which,  under  our  contracts  with  those  companies,  they  turn 
over  to  us  for  our  operation  and  which  we  pay  for  in  consideration  of 
$12,000  or  (18,000  a  year  free  service,  are  as  much  leased  lines  as  those 
for  which  we  pay  money  rental.  There  is,  perhaps,  only  one  line  that 
would  come  within  the  classification  strictly  of  controlled  without  con- 
sideration, and  in  that  there  is  an  indirect  consideration.  There  is  a 
line  from  Kew  York  to  Gape  Cod,  connecting  with  the  French  cable,  of 
two  wires,  and  it  is  turned  over  to  our  use  and  operation  for  mainte- 
nance without  any  fixed  consideration  applicable  to  that  particular  thing. 
In  other  words,  as  we  were  to  have  so  much  for  each  word  (only  S^ 
cents),  they  preferred  to  let  us  operate  their  line  rather  than  be  at  the 
expense  of  operating  it  themselves,  and  they  turned  it  over  to  us.  In 
like  manner,  the  wires  owned  are  about  149,000  miles. 

Q.  Wait  a  moment  before  you  go  into  that  question.  You  say  that 
you  have  114,000  miles  of  x>ole  lines. — A.  Owned  lines. 

Q.  Absolutely  your  own  properties  without  any  joint  ownership  with 
anybody. — A.  I  have  given  you  an  instance  where  six  shares  are  out- 
standing. I  say  they  are  substantially  our  own.  There  is  not  enough 
aside  from  our  own  to  affect  500  miles  of  it.  But  as  all  our  lines  were 
originally  acquired  by  lease,  and  as  death  and  disappearance  of  persons 
leaves  a  little  bit  of  outstanding  stock  in  a  great  number  of  them  that 
we  cannot  find  owners  for,  we  class  them  as  owned  lines. 

Q.  Can  you  state  that  there  are  none  of  what  you  call  leased  lines  in 
which  you  own  less  that  95  per  cent.  Y — A.  I  should  think  not ;  I  cannot 
state  that  positively,  but  I  should  think  there  were  none  in  which  we 
owned  less  than  95  per  cent. 

Q.  That  is,  there  is  no  part  of  that  114,000  miles  in  which  you  own  less 
than  95  per  cent  Y — ^A.  That  is  my  opinion  ;  I  have  not  noticed  any  ;  of 
course  I  do  not  keep  the  books ;  they  are  kept  by  the  auditor,  and  the 
statistics  are  kept  in  our  electrician's  department ;  and  they  have  been 
pretty  careful  to  class  only  as  owned  lines  those  that  were  entirely  owned 
or  almost  entirely  owned.  In  the  Southwestern  Telegraph  Company, 
of  which  I  am  president,  and  my  old  company,  in  which  my  business 
commenced,  every  solitary  share  was  taken  up,  and  then  a  share  apiece 
given  back  to  three  of  us  to  qualify  us  as  directors.  That  is  the  state 
of  that.  And  I  have  given  you  the  American.  I  think  there  are  a  few 
shares  of  United  States  outstanding,  but  certainly  nothing  like  5  per 
cent. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  A  very  few  shares  of  the  old  Western. 

The  Witness.  A  few  shares  of  the  old  Western  that  we  have  dropped 
from  our  list  since  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  has  had  possession  of  it. 


202 


TESnifOHT   OP  NOBTDT   GREEK 


r  ' 


There  are  a  few  shares  also  outstandiDg  of  the  Waahingtxm  and  'Sew 
Orleans. 

Q.  Year  books  woald  show  exactly  what  yoa  own. — A.  Yes,  sir;  the 
books  woaid  not  show  what  we  own  in  each  particular  company.  It 
would  take  a  gpreat  deal  of  work  to  ascertain  what  we  own  in  each  par- 
ticular company. 

Q.  Now  yon  may  go  on  with  what  yon  were  going  to  say  in  regard  to 
the  wires. — A.  I  was  going  on  to  say  that  with  that  same  explanation, 
there  stands  on  our  bmks  348,817  miles  of  wire  owned  and  82,909  miles 
leased  and  controlled.  The  proportion  of  wire  not  classed  as  owned  is 
larger  because  of  the  great  number  of  railroad  companies  which  have 
their  own  wires  but  have  no  poles — not  a  great  many,  but  a  number. 
Some  of  the  largest  railroad  companies  have  not  a  wire  belonging  to 
them,  but  some  of  them  have  wires. 

Q.  Do  you  own  as  large  a  proportion  of  the  348,817  miles  of  wire  as 
yon  own  of  the  poles  ! — A.  I  think  much  larger,  because  we  have  put  a 
great  many  wires  on  the  leased  lines  which  we  class  as  oar  own ;  there- 
fore the  proportion  of  ownership  of  wire  is  greater.  Then  in  like  man- 
ner we  have  a  larger  ownership,  though  not  so  large  an  ownership  on 
that  class  as  leas^  and  controlled. 

Q.  Can  you  tell  me  how  many  miles  of  poles  that  yoa  have  stated 
the  company  owns,  are  duplicated  Y 

The  Witness.  You  mean  two  lines  on  the  same  ronte. 

The  Chairman.  Two  or  more  lines  on  the  same  route. 

A.  No.  I  cannot  tell  you ;  I  have  not  examined  that  question ;  it 
would  be  a  lengthy  one  to  investigate. 

Q.  For  instance,  with  reference  to  the  American  Union  property,  did 
not  that  company  and  the  Western  Union  have  many  lines  along  the 
same  route  Y— A.  On  the  same  general  ronte,  but  not  exactly.  They 
did  not  go  along  any  of  our  railroads,  or  at  least  on  very  few  of  them. 

Q.  They  reached  the  same  i>oints  to  a  great  extent,  did  they  notf— 
A.  They  reached  the  same  large  points ;  they  touched  a  great  many 
smaller  points  that  we  did  not  touch,  but  they  went  to  the  principal 
points  of  any  range,  that  is,  the  larger  points  on  the  trunk  rontes ;  they 
were  generally  on  tlie  highways. 

The  Chairman.  Perhaps  further  consideration  of  that  matter  would 
come  in  under  subsequent  questions  relating  particularly  to  consolida- 
tions, so  I  will  drop  that  question  at  this  point,  unless  some  other  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  desire  to  pursue  it  further  now. 

The  Witness.  That  subject  was  very  thoroughly  examined^  I  will 
say  to  the  chairman,  in  the  Hatch  and  Williams  cases,  and  a  great 
many  of  those  questions  asked  me  have  seemed  to  me  to  be  in  the  na- 
ture of  trying  that  case  over  again.  The  testimony  was  very  elaborate 
as  to  what  points  were  touched,  what  ownership  was  had  by  any  of  the 
parties  in  the  other,  and  all  tliat  sort  of  thing,  as  affecting  the  legality 
of  the  contract,  which  was  finally  passed  upon  by  the  court  of  appeals 
of  the  State  of  New  York.  That  case  involved  the  contracts  with  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  with  the  American  Union. 

Q.  How  many  miles  of  poles  and  wire  do  you  operate  under  contracts 
other  than  leases  ? — A.  That  embraces  it  all.  The  wires  leased  and 
controlleil  are  sdl  that  we  operate  that  we  do  not  own.  My  answer  has 
Qovered  all  that.  The  only  wires  that  we  operate,  under  contracts  that  I 
can  recall,  are  these  wires  to  the  French  cable  and  the  railroad  lines, 
which  I  have  explained  that  in  my  judgment  are  just  as  much  leaseil 
lines  as  any  other  lines,  because  we  pay  a  consideration  for  them  though 
wo  pay  it  in  service  and  not  in  money. 


TE8TIM0NT  OF  KORVIN  GREEN.  203 

Q.  This  82,909  miles  of  wire  incladcs  ail  the  railroad  lines. — A.  All 
that  we  operate^  yes. 

Q.  Orover  which yoQ  do  any  basiness. — A.  Over  which  we  doauy  busi- 
ness. If  the  chairman  will  notice,  the  fhll  amount  is  stated  in  my  annual 
report.  These  answers  apply  to  the  30th  of  June  last.  We  have  not 
made  up  any  tabulated  statement  since.  I  have  been  in  the  habit  of 
speaking  of  our  lines  as  150,000  miles  of  line  and  450,000  miles  of  wire. 
They  are  undoubtedly  all  of  that  now,  but  they  were  stated  on  the  1st 
of  July  last  at  144,204  miles  of  line  and  432,726  miles  of  wire. 

Q.  The  next  question  is  what  amount  you  pay  for  rentals  of  these 
lines. — A.  I  have  separated  that  for  the  purposes  of  the  committee  in 
considering  this  question,  as  I  supposed  they  would  prefer  to  have  the 
telegraph  and  land  lines  proper  stated  separately.  The  annual  amount 
paid  for  the  last  year — and  it  was  a  larger  amount  than  ever  paid  for 
any  previous  year — was  $528,293.12  for  line  rentals,  and  that  did  not 
embrace  $700,000  paid  for  the  rent  of  the  two  Atlantic  cables;  $216,000 
was  paid  on  an  outstanding  stock  for  the  rent  of  the  Gold  and  Stock 
Telegraph  Company,  which  is  not  a  telegraph  company;  it  does  not 
have  any  lines  to  send  messages  over;  it  does  a  commercial  news 
and  quotation  business ;  $85,000  was  paid  on  outstanding  stock  in  the 
Cuba  cable.  If  the  Government  should  entertain  the  idea  of  the  ac- 
quisition of  our  property,  it  would  probably  not  want  either  the  cable 
properties  or  the  Gold  and  Stock  business.  I  have  therefore  stated 
them  separately. 

Q.  State  the  amount  and  character  of  considerations  other  than  cash 
which  you  paid  for  the  same  year  for  leased  lines. — A.  The  only  other 
consideration  is  telegraph  service  to  the  railroads. 

Q.  Can  you  state  what  the  value  of  that  service  wasY — A.  I  cannot 
state  exactly  its  value,  but  I  can  give  its  appro^^imate  value.  This  will 
also  answer  another  question  which  has  bc^n  asked  me.  The  amount 
of  service  classed  as  free  service,  which  has  been  done  over  our  lines 
during  the  last  fiscal  year,  was  1,689,306  messages,  of  which  I  should 
say  that  at  least  1,400  were  sent  for  railroad  companies  under  our 
contracts.  The  only  parties  having  a  frank  to  do  all  tiieir  business  free 
over  our  lines  are  the  directors. 

Q.  Does  this  1,689,306  include  all  the  dead-head  messages  Y — ^A.  All 
the  messages  that  were  sent  wiUiout  being  paid  for. 

Q.  By  railroad  companies. — A.  By  railroad  companies. 

Q.  And  complimentary. — A.  I  would  say  that  seven-eighths  of  them 
were  railroad  messages.  I  was  going  on  to  say  that  we  do  not  separate 
this  free  service;  all  the  messages  sent  without  collecting  tolls  nx>on 
them  are  classed  as  free.  The  only  service  done  absolutely  free  is  on  a 
class  of  complimentary  franks  given  to  most  of  the  leading  officers  of 
railroads  and  others,  and  covers  only  their  family  and  social  messages. 
The  only  franks  covering  all  business  are  to  members  of  the  board  of 
directors.  The  railroad  service  is  not  a  free  service :  we  get  a  consider- 
ation for  it,  and,  in  fact,  not  all  of  this  I  have  stated  is  without  consid- 
eration. This  is  the  whole  amount  of  messages  sent  without  collection 
of  tolls;  but  in  most  of  our  railroad  contracts  there  is  a  limit  to  the 
amount  of  free  service  to  which  they  are  entitled,  and  the  excess  is  paid 
for  at  half  rates.  So  that  a  great  many  of  these  1,689,306  messages  are 
the  excess  above  the  allowance  to  the  railroads,  and  have  therefore 
been  collected  at  half  rates. 

Q.  The  vice-president  of  your  company  stated  that  the  value  of  the 
service  to  the  railroad  companies  was  over  $700,000,  between  that  and 


204 


TESTIMONY    OP   NOBVIN   GREEN> 


$1,000,000. — A.  I  haven't  it  in  money.    I  have  stated  it  in  messages. 
I  think  yoar  qaestion  asked  for  messages. 

The  Chairman.  The  qaestion  is  with  reference  to  the  amonnt  and 
character  of  consideration ;  that  is  the  way  the  qaestion  was  pat. 

The  Witness.  Yoa  had  another  qaestion,  I  think,  as  to  how  manj 
messages  were  sent  free. 

The  Gh AIRMAN.  What  number  of  instrnments  do  yoa  own  Y — ^A.  I  did 
not  get  the  exact  data,  bat  I  got  it  last  fall  and  testified  to  it  before  ti^e 
labor  committee.  My  recollection  is  that  it  was  25,550  on  the  first  of 
Jnly  last. 

Q.  Those  are  strictly  and  absolntely  yoar  own  projierty. — ^A.  These 
are  oar  own  property ;  yes.  Nearly  all  the  railroads  operate  oar  iastra- 
ments.  Judge  Gaton,  horn  whom  we  leased  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi 
Telegraph  Gompany,  had  a  contract  with  the  Illinois  Gentral  and  a  few 
other  railroads,  by  which  they  had  to  famish  their  own  instruments; 
there  are  therefore  a  few  instances  in  which  the  railroad  companies 
furnished  their  own  instruments. 

Q.  These  25,550  instruments  are  all  in  actual  use. — A.  All  in  actual 
use. 

Q.  Gan  you  state  what  number  of  instruments  are  used  which  are  not 
owned  by  the  company  t 

The  Witness.  The  number  of  instruments  we  have  the  use  of  not 
owned  by  the  comi)any  f 

The  Ghaibman.  Yes ;  in  connection  with  lines  you  have  leased  or 
made  any  arrangement  with. — A.  No,  sir ;  I  cannot.  That  recalls  some- 
thing to  me  that  did  not  occur  to  me  before.  It  is  probable — ^in  fact  I 
am  quite  certain — that  some  of  these  instruments  were  on  leased  lines, 
and  might  properly  be  classed  with  the  properties.  We  have  not  sep- 
arated them. 

Tlie  Ghaibman.  I  made  my  question  very  explicit,  to  cover  only  the 
instruments  of  which  you  had  exclusive  ownership. 

The  Witness.  It  ^id  not  occur  to  me  that  those  lines  had  instruments 
on  them,  and  therefore  that  some  of  the  recently  leased  lines  with  instra- 
ments  are  embraced.  As  to  the  older  lines  taken  up,  I  am  sure  there  is 
not  one  instrument  left.  The  instruments  are  constantly  being  so  im- 
proved that  about  every  ten  years  we  have  a  new  set. 

The  Ghaibman.  You  do  not  know  how  many  are  owned  in  connection 
with  the  leased  properties. 

The  Witness.  I  would  say  that  we  own  more  than  the  proportion 
that  the  wire  bears,  because  we  own  nearly  all  the  railroad  instruments. 
All  that  are  used  by  railroads  on  their  lines  belong  to  us.  So  that  there 
would  not  be  as  large  a  proportion  of  instruments  on  any  of  these  leased 
lines  as  there  is  of  wire,  or  anything  like  it. 

Q.  Gan  yon  state  how  many  offices  you  have,  operated  by  your  own 
employes  Y — A.  I  got  up  that  data  a  year  and  a  half  ago,  but  I  havent 
it  now.    The  total  number  of  offices  was  12,917. 

Q.  That  is  the  total  number  of  offices,  both  those  owned  by  the  com- 
pany and  belonging  to  all  the  leased  lines. — A.  The  total  number  of 
offices  at  which  we  take  messages. 

Q.  Gan  you  state  how  many  of  these  offices  are  operated  by  your  own 
employes  ! — A.  In  1881,  as  some  of  you  may  know,  I  tendered  my  resig- 
nation, and  made  a  little  summing  up  of  some  things  that  were  not 
stated  in  the  annual  reports.  Then,  out  of  12,068  offices — that  was  at 
the  close  of  1882 — there  were  being  operated  by  railroads,  without  any 
direct  money  cost  to  the  company,  about  8^912  ^  I  think  I  stated  it  in 


TESTIMOMT  OF  NOBVIN  GREEN.  205 

my  remarks  at  O^OOO,  but  my  recollection  is  that  it  was  aboat  8,912 ; 
leaving  the  company  about  3,156  that  were  operated  directly. 

Q.  What  is  the  number  of  employes  required  to  operate  those  offices? 
— A.  I  cannot  answer  that  question. 

Q.  Can  yon  not  tell  the  number  of  employes  on  your  books  Y — ^A.  I 
can  state,  but  not  today. 

Q.  You  cannot  inform  us  about  the  number  of  i>erson8  you  employ  to 
operate  these  lines  Y — A.  I  cannot  exactly. 

Q.  Can  you  tell  how  many  the  offices  will  average  Y — A.  That  is  very 
variable.  I  presume  there  is  no  office  operated  by  the  company  that 
has  not  more  than  one  employ^,  and  very  few  have  so  small  a  number 
as  that,  because  they  are  mostly  on  railroads  and  in  small  offices  taken 
care  of  by  the  railroads ;  there  are  a  great  many  offices  that  employ  sev- 
eral hundred.  I  have  no  objection  to  getting  that  data  as  near  as  I 
can,  but  my  auditor  told  me  that  it  would  take  a  great  while  to  ascer- 
tain it.  We  do  not  pay  them  from  the  general  office ;  they  are  paid  at 
each  particular  office,  and  we  would  have  to  go  through  all  the  reports 
to  see  how  many  men  were  on  the  pay-rolls. 

Q.  Have  you  not  tabulated  statements  in  your  office  from  which  yon 
can  give  that  information  Y — A.  We  never  have  had  tabulated  state- 
ments of  1^1  the  employes.  Every  office  is  a  sort  of  separate  subor- 
ganization,  makes  its  reports  monthly,  and  the  amounts  paid  to  the 
oi>erator8  are  carried  forward. 

Q.  Can  you  state  how  much  it  costs  yon  for  rent  of  offices  t — ^A.  Yes. 
Have  you  asked  me  how  much  we  paid  to  operators  Y  ^ 

The  Chairman.  Yes;  I  think  you  stated  that. 

The  Witness.  You  have  not  asked  me  that  question  before. 

The  Chaibman.  That  comes  later,  I  find. 

The  Witness.  The  committee  asked  for  our  annual  reports  since 
1865.  1  would  say  to  the  committee  that  we  made  no  annual  report, 
except  one  in  1869,  of  which  1  was  unable  to  find  a  copy^  until  1873.  I 
can  furnish  from  1873  to  1883  inclusive. 

The  Chaibman.  You  have  passed  over  a  very  interesting  i)eriod 
without  any  reports. 

The  Witness.  There  was  no  printed  report  made  at  all  until  one 
was  made  in  1869,  of  which  I  am  unable  to  find  a  copy.  It  was  a  volu- 
minous rei>ort.  contained  a  great  deal  of  matter,  and  was  made  up  by 
three  or  four  different  parties  in  our  office.  Mr.  Orton  was  president. 
It  was  a  great  deal  laughed  at  by  very  many  of  our  people.  Mr.  Mac- 
Alpine  made  part  of  it,  the  auditor  made  part  of  it,  and  the  treasurer 
made  part  of  it,  and  when  it  was  put  together  it  did  not  fit  in  all  places. 

Mr.  Gabdineb  G.  Hubbabd.  I  can  furnish  a  copy  to  the  committee, 
if  they  would  like  it. 

The  Witness.  We  have  not  a  copy  in  our  office. 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  I  think  I  have  two  copies. 

The  Chaibman.  We  may  as  well  adhere  to  the  line  of  examination. 
Now  as  to  the  rent  of  offices. 

The  Witness.  You  have  jumx>ed  over  the  salary  question  again.  You 
ask  me  now  what  we  paid  for  rent  of  lines. 

The  Chaibman.  No,  for  rent  of  offices.— A.  Three  hundred  and 
ninety* two  thousand,  eight  hundred  and  thirtv-one  dollars  and  one  cent. 

Q.  Th&t  is  correct  for  the  rent  of  offices  f — A.  Yes.  sir;  and  there 
should  be  added  to  it  at  least  (100,000  for  the  rent  for  tne  main  office  in 
New  York,  which  we  own. 

Q.  Do  you  own  any  other  office  than  thatt — A.  We  owned  last  year 
an  office  in  Buffalo  and  one  in  Philadelphia. 


206 


TESTDIONT   OP  XORVIN   GREEN. 


i; 


i! 


u 


M 


Q.  What  did  yoQ  say  was  the  amount  of  rent  paidf — ^A.  The  rent  ve 
paid  was  $392,831.01. 

Q.  That  is  for  the  3,156  offices  t — ^A.  Yes ;  a  great  many  of  them  ve 
do  not  pay  any  rent  for.  There  is  some  exception  to  that.  A  part  of 
this  free  business  was  given  to  hotels  for  office  rent.  We  very  geDer- 
ally  gave  hotels  free  telegraphing,  on  business  of  the  house,  for  an 
office,  and  that  should  qualify  my  other  answer.  There  are  a  great 
many  things  to  think  of  here,  but  that  is  all  the  money  rent  we  paid.  I 
should  think  at  least  tl40,000  should  be  added  to  that  as  the  value  oi 
rents  of  that  part  of  the  property  which  we  use  and  own. 

Q.  What  patents  do  you  now  own  f 

Mr.  Gabdineb  G.  Hubbabd.  I  would  like  to  ask  Dr.  Oreen  one  ques- 
tion before  proceeding  to  the  next  question. 

The  Witness.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  must  protest  against  being  cross- 
examined  by  parties  whose  only  object  is  to  destroy  the  valne  of  oar 
property.  The  misrepresentations  of  the  gentleman  who  proposes  to 
ask  me  questions  have  been  so  gross  as  to  do  great  injustice.  I  cannot 
see  the  justice  of  having  to  sit  here  and  be  cross-examined  by  persons 
whose  only  interest  and  aim  seems  to  be  to  destroy  the  value  of  our 
property.  There  is  another  man  here  that  has  been  pursuing  us  for 
years  with  all  sorts  of  annoying  litigations.  He  is  present  at  all  the 
litigations  we  have,  and  his  only  aim  seems  to  be  to  give  us  trouble.  I 
think  he  has  boasted  of  how  much  trouble  he  has  given  us,  and  how 
much  exx)ense  he  has  put  us  to.  I  do  not  think  that  it  is  fkir  treatment 
to  set  that  sort  of  element  on  me. 

The  Chaibman.  If  any  question  is  asked  which  is  not  proper,  yoa 
have  the  right  to  object.  It  should  not  make  any  difference  as  to  whom 
the  question  proposed  came  from.  Mr.  Hubbard  has  made  a  special 
study  of  these  matters. 

The  Witness.  I  should  prefer  that  Mr.  Hubbard  should  not  ques- 
tion me  directly,  but  should  hand  his  questions  to  the  chairman,  and 
let  him  decide  whether  to  put  them  or  not. 

.  The  Ghaibman.  He  has  given  these  matters  much  study,  and  has 
given  us  the  benefit  of  his  information.  Mr.  Hubbard  will  submit  his 
question  through  a  member  of  the  committee.  [To  Mr.  Hubbard.]  Do 
you  want  to  submit  it  now  Y 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  I  will  not  press  it  at  present.  However,  I  would  like 
to  ask  Mr.  Green  one  question :  Whether  I  have  in  any  manner  done 
anything  that  he  is  aware  of  that  has  tended  to  destroy  the  value  of 
his  property  t 

The  Witness.  I  think  you  have  very  much  misrepresented  its  valne. 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  In  what  respect  Y 

The  Witness.  In  your  paper  and  in  your  speech;  and  you  have  mis- 
represented facts,  too.  I  cannot  go  over  them  now,  but  I  can  tell  yon 
if  you  want  me  to. 

Mr.  Hubbabd.  I  stated  in  my  speech  that  I  was  not  certain  of  all  the 
facts  recited  to  the  committee,  and  that  I  desired  the  committee  to  call 
ui>on  the  parties  so  that  they  might  have  an  opportunity  to  correct  me 
if  necessary.  It  is  not  my  intention,  as  you  well  know,  to  misrepresent 
anything  connected  with  your  company  or  any  other. 

The  Ghaibman.  We  will  ask  Dr.  Green,  before  we  get  through,  if  he 
can  make  any  corrections  or  suggestions  in  what  you  stated. 

The  Witness.  I  have  not  Mr.  Hubbuxl's  speech  before  me,  and  I  can- 
not go  over  everything  at  once,  but  I  will  do  so  at  the  proper  time  or  as 
soon  as  I  can. 


TESTIMONY    OP   NOBVIN   GREEN.  207 

By  the  Ohaibman: 

Q.  Now,  as  to  patents;  what  have  yoa  to  say  on  that  subject Y — A.  I 
can  only  answer  that  the  company  owns  seveiul  hundred  patents  and 
may  be  several  thousand ;  I  cannot  tell.  A  great  many  of  them  have 
not  been  looked  at  or  listed  for  s6me  time.  We  have  a  patent  bureau, 
and  the  head  of  that  bureau  told  me  it  would  take  him  a  great  while  to 
get  up  a  list  of  the  patent^s. 

Q.  How  many  patents  have  you  that  are  still  in  existence  on  which 
the  time  has  not  expired  and  which  you  consider  of  value  T — ^A.  A  great 
many  of  them  are  of  value,  Mr.  Chairman ;  I  could  not  answer  that 
question.  You  see  when  you  take  such  a  subject  as  the  quadrnplex, 
each  particular  man  that  gets  out  a  quadruplex  comes  and  sells  us  his 
patent.  When  we  come  to  look  at  it  we  find  that  he  has  got  fifteen  or 
twenty  patents  covering  various  devices.  I  am  not  very  familiar  with 
patent  work,  but  it  has  always  seemed  astonishing  to  me  how  many 
patents  these  men  have  to  get  to  cover  one  general  instrument. 

Q.  Do  you  own  the  quadruplex  patents  Y — A.  I  think  we  do.  That  is 
one  question  in  litigation  that  has  not  been  finally  determined,  and  about 
which  we  have  had  a  great  many  suits.  But  1  think  we  own  the  con- 
trolling quadruplex  patents.  That  is  my  judgment  and  the  judgment 
of  our  counsel. 

Q.  Can  you  give  us  any  information  as  to  what  the  patents  which  you 
think  are  valuable  have  cost  the  company  Y — A.  I  cannot  at  present. 
Nor  does  that  seem  to  me  to  have  any  relation  to  their  present  value, 
since  some  patents  that  we  were  offered  a  few  years  ago  at  a  very  low 
price  have  got  to  be  worth  millions.  The  most  of  our  patents  are  cer- 
tainly worth  a  great  deal  more  to  us  than  they  would  be  to  anybody  else. 
I  suppose  our  gold  and  stock  department  must  have  three  or  four  hun- 
dred patents  covering  their  quotation  devices.  They  are  immensely 
valuable,  because  they  are  upon  what  does  most  of  the  profitable  busi- 
ness of  that  kind.  There  are  a  great  many  quadruplexes,  claimed  to  be, 
that  have  been  patented  that  we  do  not  own,  but  we  think  they  are 
infringements.  That  is  a  question  of  law.  There  are  a  great  many 
patents  for  quadruplexes  that  we  have  not  bought;  but  we  have  bought 
a  great  many. 

Q.  Can  you  name  the  five  patents  which  you  consider  of  the  most 
importance  Y — A.  I  have  always  considered  the  Page  patent  the  most 
valuable  one  we  have,  and  although  we  have  got  a  judgment  establish- 
ing it,  we  could  never  stop  anybody.  The  courts  grind  so  slowly  that  a 
patent  runs  out  before  you  can  get  a  fellow  stopped.  However,  with 
respect  to  the  Page  patent,  it  was  partly  our  misfortune  that  we  after- 
wards took  up  the  first  two  or  three  parties  against  whom  we  had  gotten 
well  under  way  in  litigation  ;  we  took  up  the  companies  by  leases,  and 
then,  of  course,  the  suit  had  to  drop  and  begin  over  again. 

Q.  Without  going  too  much  into  detail,  the  object  of  the  question  is 
to  ascertain  approximately  the  value  of  your  property  in  patents.  The 
only  object  of  the  question  is  to  ascertain  how  much  your  patents  add 
to  the  value  of  your  property. — A.  I  would  rather  have  a  little  time  to 
answer  that  question.  I  would  not  like  to  commit  my  company  to  any 
opinion  on  that  subject,  as  perhaps  I  know  as  little  about  it  as  any  ex- 
ecutive officer  in  the  company.  I  think  it  likely  Mr.  Van  Horn  could 
have  given  you  more  information  on  that  subject  than  I  can. 

Q.  What  was  your  capital  stock  in  1865  Y 

The  Witness.  Are  you  not  jumping  over  the  salaries  Y  I  did  not 
give  you  those  Y 


I 


208 


TESTIMONY   OF   NORVIK   GREEK. 


'1' 


', 


TLe  Chairman.  The  salaries  of  the  employes  of  the  oompaDy  Y 

The  Witness.  The  operators. 

The  Chairman.  I  think  I  inquired  about  that,  bat  yoa  may  state  it 

The  Witness.  I  might  give  you  some  other  items  of  exi>enditure  that 
would  be  of  use  to  you  if  you  are  going  to  build  a  Grovemment  line,  or 
operate  one.  I  have  listed  a  lot  of  things  which  I  would  as  lief  give  as 
not.    The  salaries  paid  were  (5,012,782.57,  classed  as  such. 

Q.  Was  this  amount,  $5,012,782.57,  paid  to  operators  f — A.  That  was 
the  salaries  of  men  on  the  salaried  list. 

Q.  It  includes  the  ofOicers  of  the  company  f — A.  That  includes  tiie 
officers  of  the  company. 

Q.  From  the  president  down  t — A.  From  the  president  down. 

Q.  Can  you  state  what  proportion  of  that  is  paid  to  the  men  employed 
in  the  various  offices  Y— A.  I  cannot  state  that  at  present,  but  that  oonld 
be  easily  ascertained  by  the  executive  officers. 

Q.  Do  you  include  attorneys  in  ^<  executive  officers  Y" — A.  Jh,  no; 
we  have  only  one  attorney  upon  a  salary — our  offiice  attorney,  Mr. 
Carey,  who  gets  a  salary  >of  (5,000.  It  does  not  include  counsel.  We 
have  several  counsel  to  wDom  we  pay  annual  retainers,  but  they  are 
not  put  in  here ;  those  amounts  are  put  in  legal  expenses.  Mr.  Chair- 
man, I  find  that  this  does  not  include  the  superintendent's  salary,  nor 
the  salary  of  the  clerk  in  the  superintendent's  office.  I  have  given  yoa 
(5,012,782.57  as  salaries  paid.  We  pay  to  messengers  $703,341.61 ;  line 
repairers,  including  repairmen,  $939J316.85;  superintendents,  $181,- 
708.38 ;  reconstruction,  $285,038.56.  With  respect  to  the  superintend- 
ents, that  is  their  salaries,  their  clerks,  their  stationery,  and  office  ex- 
penses. With  respect  to  line  repairers,  that  includes  the  salaries  of  the 
repairmen  and  their  gangs  of  hired  men ;  it  also  embraces  the  material 
used  in  repairs.  In  respect  to  reconstruction,  that  includes  the  salaries 
of  the  men  engaged  on  that  work,  and  also  embraces  the  material  used 
in  the  work.  Something  was  said  here  about  damage  claims.  In  cor 
expense  account  I  find  $21,723.19  paid  for  damage  claims,  for  delin- 
quency in  the  service. 

Q.  During  what  time  was  thatf — ^A.  During  the  year.  I  think  some 
one  said  that  the  damage  claims  amounted  to  nothing,  inasmuch  as  we 
never  paid  anything,  except  to  refund  tolls. 

Q.  Can  you  state  how  many  claims  that  covers  Y — A.  No ;  but  I  ex- 
pect it  covers  a  great  many.  I  suppose  it  covers  a  great  number.  If 
you  want  me  to  answer  generally  on  that  subject  I  have  no  objection  to 
giving  you  our  general  rules  with  respect  to  it. 

Q.  No  one  would  bring  a  claim  against  the  company,  I  suppose,  on- 
less  it  was  a  pretty  large  one,  would  he  Y — A.  Oh,  yes. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  I  may  say  that  a  great  many  small  ones  have  £allen  on- 
der  my  eye,  varying  from  $3,000  to  $100. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  what  amount  was  paid  on  a  few  large  claims  f— 
A.  The  proportion  was  very  small.  They  were  mostly  compromised. 
I  would  not  think  over  one-tenth  was  paid.  Probably  $2,000  of  it  was 
for  small  recoveries.  In  Indiana  they  generally  recover  against  us  a 
statutory  penalty  of  $100  where  the  service  is  delinquent ;  very  rarely 
recover  actual  damag<^s. 

Q.  Was  that  a  fair  average  year  for  claims  t — A.  I  think  so.  Perhiqis 
it  is  growing  a  little  every  year.  There  is  scarcely  a  sitting  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  that  we  do  not  settle  some  claim  for  damages  by  ad- 
justment or  compromise  in  some  way. 

Q.  Your  service  is  supposed  to  be  improving  every  year,  is  it  nott— 


TESTIMONY  OF  NOEVIN  GKEEN.  209 

A.  It  is  iniproviDg,  aod  it  is  increasing  so  much  in  amount,  and  proba- 
bly will  grow  more  exacting  every  year. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  I  would  say  that  I  have  been  employed  sls  counsel  by 
the  company  since  1863,  and,  I  believe,  we  have  had  in  Maryland  four 
litigated  cases;  everything  else  has  been  adjusted  out  of  court. 

The  Chairman.  I  think  we  might  proceed  to  the  next  question. 

The  Witness.  Will  you  allow  me  to  go  through  with  this  list  of  ex- 
penditures, that  may  or  may  not  be  useful  to  you  t  I  have  given  you 
the  cost  of  maintaining  the  lines.  We  have  paid  $215,648  taxes.  We 
have  paid  for  office  repairs  and  fittings  $107,774.  These  are  the  items 
for  the  year.  We  paid  for  new  instruments  and  repairing  instruments 
$106,805.17 ;  for  maintaining  batteries,  $338,647,40.  The  last  item  is 
the  rents,  which  I  have  given  you  before 

Q.  Referring  now  to  m3'  former  question,  which  was  in  the  regular 
order  in  which  the  interrogatories  were  submitted  to  you  in  New  York, 
please  state  what  was  the  capital  stock  of  your  company  in  1865. — ^A.  I 
knew  very  little  of  the  company  until  I  came  to  negotiate  with  it  on  be- 
half of  the  American  Company  in  the  spring  of  1^6. 

Q.  You  know  what  the  capital  was  in  1865, 1  suppose  T — A.  I  only 
know  it  by  what  they  tell  me.  I  have  some  data  here  from  the  secre- 
tary, which  show  that  the  capital  stock  of  the  Western  Union  in  1865 
was  $20,133,800.  It  has  been  increased  as  follows :  For  stocking  the  At- 
lantic and  Ohio  Company,  $833,400.  That  was  a  company  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Pittsburgh  with  branch  lines  throiigh  Pennsylvania;  it  was 
almost  all  in  Pennsylvania. 

Q.  Was  that  the  first  increase  t — ^A.  Oh,  no ;  that  is  the  first  increase 
after  1865. 

Q.  I  mean  after  1865  Y — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  What  year  was  that  in  T — A.  That  stock  was  taken  up  in  that 
year ;  the  contract  had  been  made  before. 

Q.  Taken  up  in  1865  f — A.  It  seems  so  firom  this  statement  of  the 
secretary.    For  the  Erie  and  Michigan,  $68,000. 

Q.  What  year  wald  that  Y — A.  I  presume  that  was  all  in  1865.  No, 
sir ;  this  table  shows  the  whole  increase  since  1865  up  to  this  date,  with- 
out giving  the  dates. 

Q.  Does  it  not  give  the  order  in  which  they  occurred  t — A.  I  think 
it  does.  1  think  you  will  find  them  in  their  order.  For  the  House  pat- 
ent, $5,700. 

Q.  The  House  line  Y — A.  There  was  a  company  of  seven  persons  that 
bought  the  House  patents. 

The  Chairman.  We  do  not  care  to  go  into  any  further  details  about 
that. 

The  Witness.  My  opinion  is  that  it  was  to  extinguish  the  right  of 
those  seven  parties  in  the  House  patent.  We  built  the  Western  Union 
lines  under  it.  For  Pemberton  and  Colton,  trustees,  $3,800 ;  that  was 
another  patent  claim,  no  doubt.  For  Western  Union  bonds,  $91,500; 
we  took  up  that  many  bonds  and  issued  stock  in  the  place  of  it.  There 
is  a  clause  in  all  our  bonds  that  they  are  exchangeable  for  stock.  For 
the  Ithaca  telegraph  stock,  $14,500;  that  was  a  line  that  belonged 
principally  to  the  elder  Coinell,  Governor  Cornell's  father.  For  the 
California  State  Telegraph  Company,  $164,900.  For  the  Syracuse  and 
Binghampton  telegraph  stock,  $4,800.  For  the  Missouri  and  Kansas 
telegraph  stock,  $80,400. 

Q.  You  cannot  tell  the  year  that  these  transactions  occurred,  as  you 
proceed,  can  you  f — A.  1  think  all  this  occurred  in  1 865,  because  I  think  the 
secretary  took  them  up  in  their  order.    I  come  next  to  the  United  States, 

S.  Rep.  577,  pt.  2 14 


210  TKSTIMONl'   OF  MORVIK    GREEN. 


which  I  know  occarred  in  I860,  aboat  the  month  of  Febmary.  Bat  the 
tranactions  were  not  completed  in  any  one  year.  The  most  of  om:  con- 
tracts,  Mr.  Chairman,  were  leases  with  the  privilege  of  exchanging  the 
8tock  at  a  certain  rate.  Therefore  the  stock  may  have  been  a  year  or 
more  in  being  taken  up  after  the  lines  were  turned  over  under  the  leafies, 
and  the  transactions  not  completed  in  some  instances  for  several  yean, 
for  the  little  outstanding  stocks  of  some  companies  are  still  coming  in 
h  now  and  then. 

Q.  What  was  the  next  Y — A.  The  next  was  the  United  States  Tele- 
graph Company,  for  which  $3,885,200  was  paid,  and  for  the  United 
States  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  $3,333,300. 

Q.  Was  that  a  part  of  the  United  States  ? — A.  It  was  a  separate  com- 
pany, I  think,  owned  substantially  by  the  same  persons ;  that  is,  tJie 
largest  stockholders  were  the  same.  However,  I  do  not  know  hs  to  that, 
bemuse  it  was  before  my  connection  with  the  Western  Union  Gompaoj. 

Q.  Can  you  inform  us  wbat  was  the  extent  of  the  property  of  the 
United  States  and  of  the  United  States  Pacific;  how  many  miles  of  poles 
and  wires  did  they  own! — A.  They  were  pretty  extensive.  I  think  they 
owned  eastward  as  far  as  Portland,  Me. ;  westward  to  Omaha  and  the 
Missouri  River ;  southward  as  far  as  Louisville  and  Washington,  cover- 
ing !New  York  and  Michigan  and  the  other  Western  States  ap  to  Iowa. 
I  think  that  was  about  the  extent  of  their  lines. 

Q.  Can  you  state  the  number  of  miles  of  wires  and  poles  t — A.  I  can- 
not; I  have  not  examined  it;  I  do  not  know  whether  we  have  it  oo 
record.  I  know  that  stock  was  given  for  their  stock  at  the  rate  of  two 
shares  of  Western  Union  for  three  of  the  United  States.  That  makes 
the  odd  amounts. 

Q.  Can  you  state  who  were  the  officers  and  directors  of  the  United 
States  and' of  the  United  States  Pacific  companies  at  the  time  the  con- 
solidation was  made  f — A.  The  directors  of  the  United  States  Telegraph 
Company  at  the  date  of  consolidation  with  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company  were  Charles  McAllister,  John  D.  Taylor,  Theodore 
Adams,  Thomas  H.  Wilson,  John  Hume,  andJosiah  King. 

Q.  Were  any  of  these  officers  of  the  Western  Union  f — A.  I  have  not 
named  all.  David  Fleming,  George  P.  Plant,  D.  DeWolf,  Lewis  Roberds, 
Charles  J.  Martin,  Henry  Morgan,  D.  M.  Barney,  George  S.  Davis, 
Samuel  Munu,  James  McKay,  James  8.  Sturgis,  William  Orton,  J.  M. 
Schemerhoru,  William  E.  Dodge,  and  Henry  G.  McKay.  President, 
William  Orton ;  vice-presidents,  Lewis  Roberds,  Thomas  H.  Wilson, 
Samuel  Munn,  and  James  D.  Reed. 

Q.  These  were  the  officers  of  the  United  States  Company  T — A.  Yes, 
sir. 

Q.  And  of  the  United  States  Pacific  also  f — A.  I  haven't  got  them. 

Q.  They  were  the  same  officers,  were  they  not  ? — ^A.  I  guess  they  were, 
substantially  the  same. 

Q.  Were  any  of  these  officers  officers  of  the  Western  Union  at  the 
time! — A.  No,  sir;  nor  directors. 

Q.  Mr.  Orton  was  the  president  f-#-A.  Mr.  Orton  was  the  president 

Q.  When  did  he  become   president  of  the  Western   Union! — A 
;  About  a  year  and  a  half  after  the  consolidation,  after  his  company  was 

;  taken  up. 

\  Q.  In  1808  !— A.  No,  I  think  it  was  in  the  autumn  of  1867.     His  com- 

j  pany  was  taken  up  in  February,  1806. 

I  Q,  You  call  this  a  lease  ! — A.  Yes,  sir. 

'  Q.  You  acquired  this  property  under  a  le^se  ! — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  got  the  whole  of  the  stock  of  those  two  companies  !— A. 


r. 


TESTIMONY    OF   NORVIN    GREEN.  211 

No ;  I  just  told  you  a  Vit  ago  that  there  was  a  little  United  States  stock 
outstanding  yet.  We  got  nearly  the  whole.  I  think  we  got  the  entire 
stock  of  the  United  States  Pacific.  My  impression  now,  on  reflection, 
is  that  that  belonged  to  fewer  persons ;  I  think  that  was  an  enterprise 
of  a  few  directors  in  the  United  States,  and  that  it  was  in  a  few  hands. 

Q.  You  gave  your  own  stock  in  exchange  for  this  stock  t — A.  Yes. 

Q.  To  the  extent  of  something  over  $7,000,000!— A.  To  the  extent  I 
have  given  you. 

Q.  Three  millions  eight  hundred  and  eighty-five  thousand  dollars  and 
♦3,333,000  !— A.  Yes. 

Q.  I  do  not  understand  why  you  should  call  it  a  lease ;  you  acquired 
all  their  property,  did  you  not  Y — A.  The  contract  stipulates  that  it  is  a 
lease. 

Q.  You  do  not  pay  them  any  rent  t — A.  There  was  nobody  to  pay 
any  rent  to;  we  do  not  care  to  pay  rent  to  ourselves.  The  contract  is 
that  we  lease  the  property  for  3  per  cent,  of  its  capital  stock  and  agree 
to  give  to  all  the  stockholders  who  want  to  exchange  stock,  two  shares 
of  our  stock  for  three  of  theirs ;  those  who  hold  their  stock  take  their 
rental. 

Q.  Wherein  does  it  differ  from  an  out  and  out  purchase  of  property  ! — 
A.  It  differs  in  this :  That  the  directors  did  not  feel  that  they  had  the 
right  to  sell  the  stockholders  out,  but  they  felt  that  they  had  the  power 
to.  make  a  lease  and  permit  previous  stockholders  to  accept  the  sale  of 
their  stock  if  they  chose,  or  take  the  rentals ;  each  stockholder  has  his 
choice. 

Q.  All  accepted  except  a  few  shares  t — A.  All  except  a  few  shares. 
Of  course  it  was  made  on  a  basis  that  made  it  desirable  that  they  should 
accept  and  transfer  their  stock  rather  than  to  take  their  rental. 

Q.  Can  you  not  state  approximately  the  number  of  miles  of  wires  these 
companies  owned  f — A.  I  cannot  any  more  than  I  have  done  with  re- 
spect to  the  territory  that  they  cover.  I  have  no  recollection  as  to  what 
length  of  branch  lines  they  have.  I  was  not  in  either  company  at  the 
time ;  never  had  anything  to  do  with  the  trade,  and  never  canvassed  the 
subject. 

y.  Your  books  contain  an  inventory  of  this  property,  do  they  not! — 
A.  I  doubt  it. 

Q.  You  hardly  purchased  or  leased  that  property  without  knowing 
what  you  acquired,  did  you! — A.  It  is  possible  that  the  contract  may 
stipulate  something  about  the  extent  of  the  lines.  Some  of  the  con- 
tracts I  have  named  do  stipulate  precisely ;  that  is  to  say,  the  lessors 
guarantee  that  there  shall  be  so  many  miles  of  wire  and  so  many  miles 
of  poles ;  I  have  not  examined  that  contract ;  never  saw  it. 

Q.  What  territory  did  the  United  States  Company  cover  that  the 
Western  Union  had  not  already  covered  f — A.  The  Western  Union  had 
no  lines  east  of  North  River  except  a  wire  from  Albany  down  to  New 
York.  We  had  no  lines  in  the  eastern  territory  at  all. 

Q.  You  mean  east  of  the  Hudson  Kiver  ! — A.  East  of  the  Hudson 
River.  I  mean  they  had  no  lines  east  of  the  Hudson  River  except  the 
lines  from  Albany  down  to  New  York  that  they  had  acquired  by  pre- 
vious absorption  of  the  New  York,  Albany,  and  Buffalo  Companj'. 

Q.  What  portion  of  the  United  States  lines  was  east  of  the  Hudson 
River! — A.  They  pretty*  well  covered  New  England,  i>erhaps  one-fourth 
of  it,  perhaps  one-third. 

Q.  What  other  territory  besides  this  territory  east  of  the  Hudson 
River  did  the  United  States  occupy  which  the  Western  Union  did  not 
occupy  ! — A.  I  should  suppose  a  pretty  large  area ;  the  Western  Union 


5f 


\. 


:  r 


H 


i 


,« 


212 


TESTIMONY   OF   NORVIN    GREEN. 


lines  were  not  then  very  extensive.  As  the  United  States  went  od  dif- 
ferent rentes,  I  assaiue  that  pretty  mnch  all  their  intermediate  offices 
between  the  principal  commercial  i)oint6  were  offices  not  then  leaebed 
by  the  Western  Union. 

Q.  Did  yon  acquire  United  8tates  property  before  yoa  acquired  tht 
American  Y — A.  Yes.  When  yon  speak  of  me  I  suppoee  yoo  mean  nj 
company,  because  I  was  not  in  the  company  at  the  time. 

The  Ohaibman.  I  speak  of  you  as  representing  the  company. 

Q.  Ton  say  that  nearly  all  the  territory  occnpi^  by  the  United  States 
was  a  different  territory  from  that  occupied  by  the  Western  Union  f— 
A.  Except  meeting  at  the  principal  commercial  points,  say  from  New 
York  to  Chicago  and  Saint  Loois  indnsive.  They  reached  the  large 
commercial  points  in  common ;  but  as  to  the  rontes  of  reaching  them, 
they  were  different,  and  covered  intermediate  offices  for  the  most  put 
where  they  did  not  meet. 

Q.  What  was  the  capital  of  the  United  States  Company  at  the  time 
the  Western  Union,  as  you  stated,  leased  their  lines  t— A.  I  infer  from 
this  statement  that  it  was  $10,000,000.  All  the  stock  we  acquired  we 
acquired  by  giving  two  shares  for  three.  They  were  given  twelve  months 
to  accept  that  option,  and  after  that  twelve  montlis  expired,  we  bought 
some  of  the  stock  for  cash. 

Q.  Yon  are  not  able  to  give  us  any  information  as  to  tlie  actual  valae 
of  Uie  property  of  tlie  United  States  Company  at  that  timet — A.  Ko, 
sir :  1  am  not. 

The  Chaibhan.  That  is  the  gist  of  the  whole  thing. 

Q.  What  was  the  next  consolidation  t — ^A.  The  next  on  the  list  hero 
is  the  Tmemansburgh  and  Seneca  Falls  line,  $^500  stock.  For  the 
Hicks  &  Wright's  repeater,  $1,500  stock  was  given ;  tJtiat  was  a  patent 
repeating  instrument.  Then  here  is  the  Lodi  telegraph  stock,  $500.  I 
do  not  know  what  that  was ;  it  might  have  been  stock  in  soone  company. 

The  Chairman.  We  do  not  care  about  that;  give  us  the  next. 

A.  Then  there  was  the  American  Telegraph  Company,  $11,833,100. 

The  Chaibhan.  Tliese  were  all  in  1866  and  occurred  in  the  order  in 
which  you  have  given  them. 

Q.  What  were  the  terms  of  that  acquisition  t — ^A.  The  lease  was  made 
at  8  per  cent,  with  the  privilege  to  exchange  for  stock  at  the  rate  of  one 
share  of  American  for  three  shares  of  Western  Union.  The  American 
capitalization  was  $4,000,000.  The  American  Company  proper  owned 
lines  fh)m  New  York  eastward,  covering  New  England.  They  had 
leased  the  Magnetic  Company  from  New  York  to  Washington,  and  they 
had  leased  the  Washington  and  New  Orleans  Company  from  Washing- 
ton to  New  Orleans,  by  way  of  Charleston  and  Savannah,  or  having 
branches  to  Charleston  and  Savannah,  and  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany from  Washington  to  Cincinnati,  and  the  Lynchburg  &  Abing- 
don Company  from  Richmond  to  Chattanooga.  And  in  all  those  com- 
panies they  had  purchased  for  cash  a  large  amount  of  stock  which  they 
did  not  capitalize,  and  they  became  the  substantial  owners  of  these  prop- 
erties. That  is  the  reason  they  were  given  three  shares  for  one.  They 
had  a  large  amount  of  property  which  they  had  acquired  out  of  earnings 
and  had  paid  for,  but  which  had  not  been  capitalized. 

Q.  Can  you  tell  us  the  length  of  lines  of  poles  and  wires  that  the 
American  Telegraph  Company  had  when  you  acquired  itt — A.  I  can 
only  tell  you  the  territory  it  covered.    It  was  also  leased. 

The  Chairman.  I  will  ask  about  that  afterward. 

The  Witness.  No ;  I  cannot  tell  you  the  length  of  the  lines.  They 
had  also  acquired  the  Nova  Scotia  Telegraph  Company  by  lease,  in 


TESTIMONY   OP   NORVIN   GREEN.  218 

which  they  had  purchased  a  controlling  interest.  They,  therefore,  ex- 
tended from  North  Sydney,  at  the  Gut  of  Ganso,  eastward  to  New  Or- 
leans. 

Q.  Did  the  American  Company's  lines  reach  any  point  not  reached 
by  the  Western  Union,  or  cover  any  imx>ortant  territory  not  covered  by 
the  Western  Union  f — A.  A  very  large  amount  of  territory  not  covered 
by  the  Western  Union. 

Q.  Did  the  United  States  Company  cover  any  important  territory 
which  was  not  covered  by  the  Western  Union  or  the  American  Y — A. 
Yes.  I 

Q.  What  was  it  Y 

The  Witness.  Did  the  United  States  cover  ! 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

The  Witness.  Oh,  I  thonght  you  asked  me  whether  the  American 
covered  any  territory  not  covered  by  the  United  States. 

The  Chairman.  I  will  go  back  now  to  the  United  States  Company. 

The  Witness.  Let  me  answer  the  question  a  little  more  fully,  be- 
cause I  have  not  given  you  lull  information  of  the  extension  of  property 
of  the  American  Company.  What  I  have  given  you  does  not  include 
the  Southwestern.  And  hei*e  I  want  to  correct  a  misapprehension  under 
which  the  committee  seem  to  have  been  acting.  The  Southwestern  was 
not  stocked  into  the  Western  Union ;  it  was  stocked  into  the  American  ^ 
first,  and  formed  a  part  of  the  American  Telegraph  property  that  went 
into  this  deal.  The  Southwestern  had  lines  from  Cincinnati  into  Texas 
by  way  of  Nashville,  Memphis^  and  Chattanooga,  and  to  Mobile  also,  on 
the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroad ;  and  the  lines  of  that  company  formed  a 
part  of  the  American  Company's  lines  when  they  stocked  into  the  West- 
em  Union. 

Q.  What,  in  general  terms,  was  the  important  territory  covered  by 
the  American  that  was  not  covered  by  the  Western  Union  at  the  time 
of  the  consolidation,  they  having  before  that  acquired  the  United 
States  t — A.  The  important  territory  was  everything  south  of  Washing- 
ton and  Louisville;  everything  south  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Ohio. 

Q.  The  Western  Union  Company  had  no  lines  south  of  these  points  t — 
A.  The  American  occupied  that  territoij  almost  to  the  exclusion  of 
everything  else,  with  the  exception  of  a  tew  little  lines  here  and  there. 

The  Chairman.  Now  please  answer  the  question  I  put  before. 

The  Witness.  As  to  the  United  States  f 

The  Ohatkman.  Yes;  as  to  what  territory  the  United  States  covered 
that  was  not  covered  by  mther  the  American  Telegraph  Company  or 
the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company. 

The  Witness.  Let  me  remind  the  chairman  that  the  United  States 
was  acquired  by  the  Western  Union  some  three  or  four  months  before 
the  American,  and  therefore  all  of  New  England  that  the  United  States 
had  was  territory  that  the  Western  Union  did  not  reach ;  it  was  the 
acquisition  of  the  United  States  or  lines  competing  with  the  American 
in  New  England  that  first  led  to  negotiations  between  the  Western  Union 
and  the  American. 

Q.  The  American  had  lines  pretty  generally  throughout  New  Eng- 
land, had  it  notf — A.  Yes;  and  the  United  States  was  there  in  com- 
petition with  them.  The  Western  Union  acquired  the  United  States 
lines,  and  all  of  that  territory  was  new  territory  to  the  then  Western 
Union.  Then  when  they  acquired  the  American  they  got  new  territory 
throughout  the  South. 

Q.  And  the  property  that  they  acquired  from  the  American  in  New 
England  reached  substantially  the  same  points  reached  by  the  \!^\^>^ft^ 


I- 

\ 
I 


X 


'f  .t 


214 


TESTIMONY    OF    NORVIN    GREEN. 


States,  which  they  had  acquired  before  f — A.  As  to  the  larger  points, 
yes ;  as  to  a  great  Dumber  of  intermediate  points,  no. 

Q.  Up  to  this  time  had  you  acquired  any  lines  by  paying  for  them  in 
bonds  f — A.  I  think  some  bonds  had  been  issued  to  ])urct^as5e  some  cash 
stock  on  the  California  State  Telegraph  Company. 

Q.  That  was  in  1865 ! — A.  Yes,  sir.  There  was  a  part  of  the  prop- 
erty of  the  California  State  Telegraph  Company  purchased  for  stock, 
and  a  considerable  part  of  it  purchased  for  cash. 

Q.  Your  annual  report  for  1869  indicates  that  you  issued  in  the  year 
1866  a  little  over  $6,000,000  of  bonds.  Did  not  the  Russian  extension 
come  in  at  that  time? — A.  Yes  ;  but  no  such  sum  as  that  was  issned 
that  year. 

The  Chaibman.  The  last  increase  that  we  have,  was  made  for  the 
American  Telegraph  Company. 

The  Witness.  I  want  to  make  an  explanation  there.  There  was  a 
little  of  the  same  thing  done  that  was  done  when  the  Mutual  Union  was 
taken  up.  The  stipulations  of  the  agreement  between  the  American 
and  the  Western  Union — and  that  agreement  I  negotiated  on  behalf  of 
the  American  Company — were  that  the  Western  Union  should  have 
$28,000,000  of  stock  against  $12,0(K),000  to  the  American  Union ;  that 
is  to  say,  we  were  to  pay  the  American  Company  $12,000,000  in  ex- 
change for  their  stock  out  of  an  aggregate  of  $40,000,000.  In  order  to 
do  that  they  issued  $468,000  worth  of  stock  to  the  old  stockholders  of 
the  Western  Union,  which  is  put  down  here  "to  equalization  of  stock  as 
per  condition  of  agreement."  That  madethe  capital  exactly  $40,000,000. 
But  the  undertakings  of  the  Western  Union  with  respect  to  leased  lines 
that  had  the  right  to  come  in  and  change  their  capital  stock  brought 
it  up  within  a  year  or  two  afterwards  to  over  $41,000,000.  It  was  to 
be  $40,000,000  with  the  consummation  of  that  bargain.  The  obligation 
of  the  Western  Union  was  out  to  exchange  its  stock  for  some  other 
stocks  which  brought  it  above  that. 

Q.  Were  the  officers  of  the  American  and  the  Western  Union  the  same 
persons  to  any  extent  f — A.  I  do  not  think  there  was  a  solitary  man 
who  was  an  officer  in  both  companies. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Entirely  diflferentt 

The  Witness.  Do  you  desire  me  to  give  you  a  list! 

The  Chairman.  No  ;  I  do  not  think  it  is  imjwrtant. 

The  Witness.  1  have  here  a  list  of  directors  in  either  company. 
They  are  entirely  different  men.  I  have  their  names  here  and  can  give 
them  to  you,  but  I  do  not  think  there  is  a  single  name  that  appears  on 
both  lists. 

Q.  Did  either  of  these  companies  up  to  that  time  have  any  debts 
which  the  Western  Union  Company  assumed  f — A.  None  to  amount  to 
anything.  When  the  American  went  into  the  Western  Union  the  West- 
ern Union  of  course  had  its  bonded  debt.  There  may  have  been  some 
little  liabilities,  but  there  were  no  debts  that  they  were  not  able  to  pay 
any  day.    They  had  no  bonded  debt. 

Q.  Then  you  may  proceed  to  state  what  further  increase  of  capital 
was  made.  A.  The  next  item  was  evidently  under  a  long  previous  con- 
tract, in  exchange  of  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  and  Louisville  stock,  $41,00. 

Q.  Was  that  in  1866,  also  f — A.  The  contract  for  the  taking  in  ex- 
change of  this  stock  had  been  made  as  far  back  as  1859,  but  the  stock 
was  not  exchanged.  It  is  only  $4,100.  That  was  a  very  valuable  line 
at  one  time,  from  Pittsburgh  to  Louisville.  It  was  a  link  in  the  larger 
line  to  New  Orleans,  and  did  a  very  active  business.    The  next  was  for 


•         TESTIMONY  OF  NORVIN  GREEN.  215 

the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegrapii  stock,  $8,400,000.  For  the  American 
Union  stock,  $10,000,000  and  bonds  $5,000,000. 

Q.  Was  this  all  in  one  transaction  f — A.  That  is  all  one  transaction ; 
all  one  contract. 

Q.  The  American  Union  how  much! — A.  Fifteen  million  dollars; 
being  $10,000,000  in  exchange  for  its  stock  and  $5,000,()00  in  exchange 
for  its  bonds. 

Q.  What  year  t— A.  That  was  in  1881. 

Q.  There  was  nothing  acquired  from  1966  to  1881,  except  the  Pitts- 
burgh, Cincinnati  and  Doaisville? — A.  No,  sir;  there  were  several  lines 
leased  between  1866  and  1881.  The  Pacific  and  Atlantic  and  the  South- 
ern Atlantic  were  the  two  most  prominent,  and  then  the  Illinois  and 
Mississippi. 

Q.  Leased  for  an  annual  rental  f — A.  Leased  for  an  annual  rental,  and 
a  great  many  of  their  stocks  bought  for  cash.  But  there  was  no  acqui- 
sition requiring  an  additional  increase  of  stock.  I  see  it  stated  very 
positively  that  $2,000,000  was  issued  to  take  up  the  Pacific  and  Atlan- 
lio,  tbr  Southern  Atlantic,  &c.  There  was  not  a  dollar  issued  tor  <'it']er 
uf  lhos>e  purposes,  uud  whatever  was  paid  lor  stocLs  iu  those  compaiiies 
was  paid  in  cash  out  of  the  treasury  of  the  company.  There  was  no 
stock  increase  from  1866  to  1881  except  these  little  tailings  of  a  few 
thousand  dollars  in  carrying  out  contracts  previous  to  1866. 

Q.  Did  you  acquire  any  other  properties  in  1881 1 — A.  I  do  not  know 
whether  our  contract  for  the  Northwestern  was  made  in  1881  or  not ;  I 
do  not  know  v.hcther  our  Cauada  contract  was  laadc  in  lt>si  <  :•  not;  it 
was  either  1881  or  1882,  I  caonot  recall  now ;  I  rather  think,  however, 
that  the  Northwestern  Company  was  acquired  in  1881. 

Q.  Have  you  the  amount  paid  for  that! — A.  No ;  but  I  can  give  you 

e  general  information.  The  general  tenor  of  the  contract  was  that  we 
paid  $100,000  the  first  year,  and  increased  a  little  every  year  until  the 
sixteenth  year.  We  were  to  pay  at  the  rate  of  $150,000,  which  was  6 
per  cent,  on  their  capital  stock,  and  it  remained  at  that  for  the  remain- 
der of  the  ninety-nine  years. 

Q.  You  controlled  that  line  entirely  as  a  leased  line  by  paying  an 
annual  rent  f — A.  Leased  line.  We  paid  their  stockholders  the  first 
year  4  per  cent.;  the  next  year  4^ ;  the  next  4^ :  and  »o  on  until  the  six- 
teenth year,  whea  vw  p:ii(i  tliom  6  per  ixMit ;  and  at  ihat  it  remained. 

Q,  And  this  rental  is  part  of  the  $528,000,  which  you  said  you  paid 
for  the  rent  of  leased  lines  t — A.  Yes. 

Q.  You  did  not  add  anything  to  your  stock  in  that  transaction  f — A. 
We  did  not  add  anything  to  our  stock ;  that  company  covered  territory 
that  we  did  not  touch  at  all.  That  company  was  by  contract  entitled 
to  a  certain  territory.  The  committee  may  not  know  that  in  1857  the 
principal  telegraph  companies  met  in  New  York  and  made  what  they 
called  the  six  party  contract.  There  were  ultimately  eight  parties  to  it, 
including  the  Montreal  Telegraph  Company.  That  six-party  contract 
divided  the  territory  between  the  companies  that  were  parties  thereto, 
and  each  agreed  not  to  construct  lines  in  the  territory  of  the  others, 
and  to  act  exclusively  with  each  other.  That  was  the  foundation  of  the 
consolidations  which  followed,  or  many  of  the  early  ones.  The  Western 
Union  Company  was  a  pai-ty  to  this  contract  with  quite  a  limited  terri- 
tory :  but  it  afterwards  acquired  the  New  York,  Albany  and  Buffalo, 
whicn  was  one  of  the  parties  to  the  contract,  the  Atlantic  and  Ohio, 
which  was  another  party  to  the  contraci,  and  when  they  took  up  the 
American  Telegraph  Company  they  look  up  ollici  parties  to  the  con- 
tract; that  is,  the  American  and  the  Southwestern.    Then  they  leased.^ 


.L 


216 


TESTIMONY   OP  NORVIN   GREEN. 


in  1857,  the  lines  of  Judge  Gaton,  who  was  another  party  to  the  con- 
tract, and  then  they  had  £kken  in  ail  the  parties  to  the  contract  except 
this  Northwestern. 

Q.  Judge  Caton's  lines  were  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi? — A.  Yes^ 
sir :  he  had  two  companies,  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi,  afud  the  Jlliods 
ana  Missonri. 

Q.  Will  you  state  what  rents  you  paid  for  those  t — A.  Abont  $87,000 
a  year,  I  think.  We  paid  less  than  that,  becaase  we  owned  some  of 
that  stock ;  we  have  never  been  able  to  acquire  the  whole  of  it ;  that 
is  classed  as  leased  lines.  Judge  Caton  owned  a  great  deal  of  it  bim- 
self,  and  he  prefers  to  keep  it. 

Q.  Do  you  know  what  extent  of  lines  you  acquired  bj'  that  means!— 
A.  My  recollection  is  about  18,000  miles  of  wire. 

Q.  Do  you  remember  the  number  of  miles  of  poles  f — A.  No,  I  do 
not  He  had  lines  running  away  up  into  Iowa,  and  had  a  good  many 
valuable  railroad  contracts,  and  down  to  Cairo  on  the  Dlinois  Ceutral, 
and  considerable  lines  over  in  Missouri. 

Q.  You  do*  not  know  the  length  of  the  lines f — ^A.  No,  I  do  not  re 
member  the  length  of  the  lines. 

Q.  Can  yon  not  give  any  information  as  to  the  length  of  lines  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  the  American  f — A.  I  would  not  like  to  under- 
take to  give  you  any  definite  idea  abont  it;  I  think  you  have  been 
pretty  well  informed  on  that  subject.  There  are  several  volumes  of 
testimony  in  print  upon  it  in  those  suits. 

Q.  Can  you  state  what  was  the  capital  stock  of  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific!— A.  The  capital  stock  was  $15,000,000,  but  there  was  only 
$14,000,000  outstanding.     We  only  took  up  $14,000,000. 

Q.  That  was  before  the  consolidation  1 — A.  Yes,  sir ;  and  we  took 
that  up  at  60  per  cent,  in  our  stock.  I  would  state  that  previous  to  the 
absorption  absolutely,  in  1877,  a  contract  between  the  Western  Union 
and  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Companies  had  been  made  which  was  of 
the  nature  of  a  pooling  arrangement,  by  which  they  got  12^  per  cent 
of  the  gross  earnings  of  the  two  companies,  and  paid  about  13^  par 
cent,  gross  expenses. 

Q.  Can  you  state  the  capital  of  the  American  Union  Companv  f — A 
$10,000,000  stock  and  $5,000,000  bonds. 

Q.  You  exchanged  with  them,  giving  them  $14,000,000  of  yonr  stockf 
— A.  Yes. 

Q.  Can  you  inform  us  who  were  the  officers  of  the  American  Union!— - 
A.  Yes ;  I  have  their  names  here. 

Q.  Were  they  to  any  extent  the  same  as  the  officers  of  the  Western 
Union  f — A.  I  do  not  think  there  was  a  single  man  director  in  both. 

Q.  How  was  it  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  f — A.  The  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  had  a  large  number  of  Western  Union  men  in  the  board ;  that 
is,  there  were  a  number  of  persons  directors  in  both  boards. 

Q.  Who  was  president  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company  t 

The  Witness.  You  mean  at  the  time  ! 

The  Chaibman.  At  the  time  the  trade  was  made. 

The  Witness.  At  the  time  we  took  it  up  finally  t 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

The  Witness.  You  see  there  were  two  trades  made  ¥rith  that  com- 
pany— one  in  1877  for  the  pooling  arrangement. 

The  Chairman.  1  do  not  refer  to  that ;  when  you  acquired  the  stock. 

The  Witness.  At  the  time  we  acquired  the  stock  A.  B.  Chandler  was 
president. 

Q.  Were  the  officers  to  any  extent  the  same  as  the  officers  of  the 


TESTIMONY  OF  NOBVIN  GREEN.  217 

Western  Union  t — A.  They  were  not  the  same  in  any  case,  except  per- 
haps the  vice-president;  Mr.  Van  Home  was  vice-president  of  that 
company  and  of  ours,  bnt  they  had  different  secretaries,  treasurers,  and 
auditors. 

Q.  The  boards  of  directors  were  abont  the  same  f — A.  Oh,  no ;  they 
were  not  about  the  same ;  there  were  perhaps  seven  men  that  were 
directors  in  both  companies  out  of  fifteen  ;  possibly  eight,  but  I  think 
only  seven. 

Q.  Were  these  trades  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  with  the 
American  Union  separate  and  distinct  transactions  t — A.  No,  sir ;  they 
were  part  of  the  same  transaction. 

Q.  How  did  that  happen  f — A.  It  happened  for  this  reason  :  that  the 
taking  up  of  the  American  Union  necessarily  unbalanced  the  pooling 
arrangement  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific.  We  could  not  undertake 
to  pay  the  American  Union  and  add  that  much  to  our  property  and 
continue  to  give  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  12}  per  cent,  of  the  gross 
receipts. 

Q.  Were  those  two  properties  substantially  owned  and  controlled  by 
the  same  parties  ? 

The  Witness.  The  American  Union  and  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific! 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

The  Witness.  Oh,  no;  not  at  all. 

Q.  Then  what  had  your  trade  with  the  American  Union  to  do  with 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  !^A.  That  is  what  I  am  telling  you.  We  had 
a  pooling  arrangement  which  gave  them  12}  per  cent,  of  the  gross  re- 
ceipts. We  were  not  going  to  pay  $15,000,000  for  additional  property — 
we  could  not  give  them  that  much  without  giving  them  too  much ;  we  had 
either  to  greatly  reduce  their  pro  rata  receipts  or  take  them  up. 

Q.  Therefore  you  made  an  arrangement  to  take  them  into  the  com- 
pany f — A.  Therefore  we  made  an  arrangement  to  stock  them  in. 

Q.  But  the  American  had  nothing  to  do  with  that  f — A.  Nothing  at 
all ;  still,  it  was  a  necessary  part  of  the  trade. 

Q.  They  are  substantially  separate  transactions  ! — A.  Yes,  but  it  was 
all  put  into  one  contract;  it  was  a  necessary  part  of  the  trade. 

Q.  Of  course  the  American  Union  people  were  interested  in  what  yon 
had  to  pay  for  Atlantic  and  Pacific! — A.  Yes,  they  were  interested, 
as  they  would  come  in  as  stockholders,  and  so  a  new  deal  was  necessary 
with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific. 

Q.  Have  you  any  knowledge  a«  to  what  the  actual  cash  value  of  these 
properties  was,  or  more  properly  the  cost  of  construction  1 — A.  I  do  not 
know.  I  have  some  idea,  but  you  have  had  men  before  you  that  know 
vei-y  much  better  than  I  do.  You  had  Mr.  Bates,  who  was  vice  president 
of  the  American  Union,  and  who  was  the  general  superintendent  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific — a  man  who  knows  a  great  deal  more  about  it  than 
I  do.  My  idea  is  that  they  cost  something  more  than  the  $5,000,000 
because  they  bought  Owen's  lines  and  paid  for  them  in  stock. 

Q.  Which  were  those! — A.  The  American  Union. 

Q.  You  have  no  idea  as  to  the  amount  of  the  investment  in  the  At- 
lantic and  Pacific  at  the  timef — A.  My  opinion  is  that  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  cost  a  great  deal  more  proportionately  than  the  other  company; 
I  am  sure  it  did.  The  Atlantic  and  Pacific  had  been  running  a  long 
while  at  a  loss,  and  they  had  to  pay  their  losses.  Besides  the  cost  of 
building  their  lines,  they  had  many  losses  to  pay,  for  they  were  in  op- 
eration, I  should  say,  eight  or  ten  years  at  least;  they  must  have  been 
started  soon  after  the  consolidation  in  1806. 

Q.  If  you  cannot  give  us  any  definite  information  as  to  the  value  oC 


218  TESTIMONY    OF  .NORVIN    GREEN. 

these  properties,  I  will  ask  you  another  qaestion.  What  territories  did 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company  cover,  or  what  important  places  did 
it  reach  which  were  not  reached  by  the  Western  Union  at  the  time  the 
consolidation  was  made  f — A.  I  do  not  think  any  important  places.  That 
ground  has  all  been  gone  over  in  testing  the  legality  of  the  trade.  Un- 
doubtedly the  reason  of  the  trade  was  to  economize  the  operation  of  the 
property  and  stop  duplicate  and  triplicate  expenses,  and  to  get  the 
American  receipts;  that  was  the  motive. 

Q.  Did  the  American  Union  cover  any  important  territory  which  you 
did  not  cover  before! — A.  I  cannot  recall  any  at  i)resent.  It  certainly 
touched  a  great  many  places  that  we  did  not,  but  they  were  small 
places. 

Q.  Did  you  actually  increase  the  facilities  of  the  Western  Union  Ck)m- 
pany  for  transacting  business  by  these  purchases  or  consolidations! — 
A.  1  think  so.  I  think  all  the  consolidations  have  increased  the  facili- 
ties and  improved  the  service.  The  same  messages  had  to  be  trans- 
ferred from  one  line  to  the  other,  and  of  course  when  they  were  in  the 
same  hands  that  transfer  did  not  take  them  over  to  apother  office  and 
cause  them  to  be  rebooked  and  all  that. 

Q.  But  these  two  companies  did  not  reach  any  important  places  that 
you  had  not  reached  before ! — A.  I  said  they  reached  a  great  many 
places  we  did  not  reach,  but  no  very  important  places.  We  were  off 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Eailroad,  for  instance,  and  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  was  on  it. 

Q.  Do  you  know  of  any  town  of  one  thousand  inhabitants  that  they 
reached  which  you  had  not  reached  before  ! — A.  I  do  not  know  that  I 
could  name  one,  but  there  were  certainly  a  great  many  towns  of  a  thou- 
sand inhabitants  which  they  reached  which  we  did  not. 

Q.  Yon  cannot  name  one  ! — A.  I  cannot  remember  any  names  sprung 
upon  me  in  that  way.  I  suppose  I  could  find  a  great  many.  A  town 
of  a  thousand  inhabitants  is  a  very  small  place  for  a  telegraph  office — 
never  large  enough  to  pay  the  expense  of  an  operator,  unless  it  is  a 
mining  town  or  an  oil  town. 

Q.  If  there  was  no  such  town  of  any  importance,  what  did  you  gain, 
or  how  did  you  increase  your  facilities  by  these  consolidations  f — A.  We 
needed  the  wires.  We  need  more  wires  now.  We  always  have  needed 
more  wires.  These  oppositions  which  have  been  started  and  taken  up 
by  the  Western  Union  Company  have  contributed  very  largely  to  the 
rapid  development  of  the  telegraph  business  in  this  country.  The  West- 
ern Union  Company  could  not  have  built  lines  as  fast  as  the  growth 
of  the  business  required  it  without  suspending  dividends,  and  their 
stockholders  would  not  have  been  willing  to  do  that.  If  they  sold  their 
stock  at  all  they  would  have  to  sell  it  at  par,  and  that  they  could  not 
do.  It  has  very  rarely  been  at  par,  except  when  there  was  a  stock  dis- 
tribution coming,  and  they  could  not  without  appropriating  all  their 
earnings.  We  have  built  from  10,000  to  20,000  miles  a  year  of  new 
telegraph  lines  out  of  our  earnings  all  the  time.  If  you  look  at  these 
annual  reports  you  will  see  that  the  increase  is  three  or  four  times  that 
much.  We  have  never  had  wires  enough.  We  could  lease  a  half  a 
dozen  wires  to  Chicago  to-day  at  a  paying  rate,  if  we  had  them  to 
spare,  without  interfering  with  our  telegraph  business.  My  position 
has  always  been  that  our  great  competitor  is  time,  and  just  as  we  gain 
time  we  <2atn  increase  our  business. 

Q.  Could  you  not  have  acquired  the  same  number  of  wires  at  very 
much  less  expense  by  building  them  than  by  leasing  them  ? — A.  It  is 
quite  possible,  bat  we  Vxad  wot  the  money.    We  could  not  build  tiiem 


TESTIMONY    OF   NOBVIN    GREEN.  219 

in  a  year,  and  they  occupied  the  same  routes  that  were  desirable,  the 
same  rights  of  way  that  were  desirable.  We  had  not  the  money  to 
build  new  lines  without  stopping  dividends.  We  did  that  for  four 
years,  put  all  our  earuings  in  the  plant,  but  our  stockholders  were  not 
satisfied  to  have  that  continued,  t«o  that  we  have  paid  a  moderate  rate 
of  dividends  and  put  the  surplus  in  new  property.  But  that  is  not 
fast  enough  to  meet  the  growing  requisitions  of  the  public,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  very  large  increase  of  business.  For  instance,  we  have 
three  opposing  lines  from  New  York  to  Chicago,  and  yet  our  business 
at  Chicago  is  $500  a  day  larger  than  it  was  last  year,  with  the  competi- 
tion of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company,  the  Postal  Company,  and  the 
Amerioan  Bapid. 

Q.  Has  there  been  any  reduction  of  rates  to  account  for  that! — A. 
No  reduction  of  rates.  It  is  a  question  whether  that  would  account  for 
it  if  there  was.  There  has  been  some  reduction  in  specific  classes  of 
business.  There  has  been  a  reduction  between  the  Produce  Exchange 
in  New  York  and  the  Board  of  Trade  in  Chicago  by  the  Mutual  Union 
and  the  Postal  Companies.  They  are  running  a  competition  for  this 
specific  business.  The  Mutual  Union  is  sending  ten  words  for  20  cents, 
and  the  other  companies  send  twenty  words  for  25  cents.  They  are  making 
a  specialty  of  that  business,  and  we  have  devoted  the  lines  of  the  Mu- 
tual Union  Company  to  thai  particular  class  of  business.  The  busi- 
ness has  grown  very  largely  under  it,  and  both  companies  have  got 
about  as  much  as  they  can  do.  It  is  a  business  that  can  be  done  very 
cheaply,  because  it  does  not  involve  any  booking  or  delivery.  The 
messages  are  sent  by  dictation,  and  the  answers  received  before  the 
sender  leaves  the  counter.  That  is  a  class  of  business  that  can  be  done 
at  a  very  low  rate. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  You  spoke  a  few  moments  ago  of  the  extension  of  lines ;  from  what 
source  did  the  money  come  which  paid  for  the  extensions  f — A  It  came 
from  our  earnings  in  a  great  measure. 

By  the  Chaibman  : 

Q.  Are  you  charging  the  same  rate  for  messages  to  Chicago  that  you 
charged  two  or  three  years  ago  T — A.  Yes. 

Q.  You  have  made  no  reduction  f — A.  None,  except  in  that  specific 
class. 

Q.  And  the  increase  of  business  is  in  the  other  class  upon  which  you 
have  made  no  reduction! — A.  Yes;  in  the  other  class. 

Q.  What  is  your  rate  f — A.  Fifty  cents  from  New  York  to  Chicago. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Is  it  anticipated  that  the  money  taken  fh>m  the  earnings  to  ex- 
tend the  lines  will  be  capitalized  f  Is  that  what  has  been  the  practice 
of  the  company,  if  it  has  had  any  practice  t — A.  No,  sir ;  we  have  never 
capitalized  but  once.  In  1881,  when  we  made  this  deal  to  take  in  these 
new  partners,  we  said  to  them,  '^  If  we  have  got  to  take  in  your  stock  and 
bonds  at  par,  we  cannot  let  you  participate  in  the  $17,000,000  surplus 
that  we  have  got  here;  that  we  put  in  new  property;  you  must  let  ua 
capitalize  and  use  our  surplus  first."  That  is  the  only  capitalization  of 
the  new  property  that  has  been  made.  The  court  of  appeals  of  New 
York  held  that  that  was  right ;  that  we  had  the  right  to  do  it.  If  we 
took  in  new  partners  and  took  their  property  at  pretty  high  capitalization 
we  were  not  going  to  let  them  come  in  to  the  extent  of  two-fifths  of  our 
surplus.    We  had  been  allowing  it  to  be  taken  from  our  stockholdex^ 


1 


't; 


I* 


I 


220 


TESTIMONY   OF   NORVIN   GREEST. 


and  pat  in  new  property  for  about  thirteen  years  and  a  half,  I  bdieve 
it  was,  and  it  was  agreed  that  we  should  capitalize  and  divide  that  mir- 
plus  first.  We  did  not  capitalize  it  all  at  that  time,  because  the  prop- 
erty we  acquired  by  our  own  constructions  represents  from  50  to  100 
per  cent,  more  money  than  we  put  into  them.  By  oar  railroad  con- 
tracts we  get  transportation  free,  and  generally  the  Jabor,  except  the 
skilled  lal^r,  to  construct  the  lines. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  You  give  an  equivalent  for  that  1 — A.  We  give  a  free  service ;  bat 
I  said  the  money  cost  is  all  that  stauds  on  our  books,  and  with  what  is 
contributed  by  the  railroads  it  represents  always  50  i>er  cent  more  in 
money  value  than  it  cost  us,  and  in  some  instances  100  per  cent.,  where 
the  railroad  company  furnishes  all  lalx>rand  transportation. 

Q.  In  acqoiriug  the  property  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  the 
American  Union  you  increased  your  ciipital  over  $23,000,000.  In  yonr 
opinion  what  would  it  have  cost  you  to  increase  the  facilities  yon  bad 
at  that  time  to  the  sam^  extent  you  increased  them  by  adding  these 
propertie4sf — A.  I  cannot  answer  that  question.  In  the  first  place,  I 
should  waut  to  kuow  exactly  what  the  properties  were,  which  I  have  not 
in  my  mind ;  in  the  second  place,  I  am  not  an  expert  builder.  Take  snch 
a  man  as  Mr.  Bates,  who  was  before  you,  and  who  ha«  been  on  the  groond 
and  built  lines  and  kt^pt  the  accounts  of  meu,  and  no  doubt  he  could 
tell  you  better  thau  I  could.  But  I  must  say  one  thing,  that  it  would 
cost  a  great  deal  more  now  than  then,  and  it  is  costing  more  every  year. 
Many  States  have  followed  the  decisions  of  New  Jei^sey,  that  the  right 
of  way  along  highways  given  by  the  State  does  not  entitle  telegraph 
companies  to  a  right  of  way ;  that  the  highway  is  an  easement  for  that 
purpose,  aud  only  for  that  purpose,  and  the  owner  of  the  land  upon  which 
you  desire  to  plant  your  poles  can  stop  you  from  doing  it  unless  yoo 
pay  him  therefor.  So  that  even  along  highways  we  have  had  to  pay  for 
rights  of  way. 

Q.  You  have  no  question  about  yonr  rights  under  the  act  of  1866  f— 
A.  Oh,  yes. 

Q.  On  post-roads  f — A.  My  dear  sir,  that  is  the  very  question  that  the 
court  decided.  We  have  the  right  to  do  certain  things,  but  not  the 
right  of  way. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  The  Chief  Justice  decided  that  we  must  pay  for  it. 

The  Witness.  It  only  gives  us  the  right  to  go  on  the  post-roads,  hav- 
ing acquired  the  place  to  put  our  lines. 

Mr.  OwiNN.  And  acquired  the  right  by  contract 

The  Witness.  We  may  acquire  that  right  by  contract  or  have  it  oon- 
demned,  but  it  does  not  say  that  the  United  States  can  give  us  the  right 
to  go  on  a  railroad  without  the  consent  of  the  railroad.  It  only  gave 
us  the  right  to  go  on  public  lands  of  the  United  States. 

Q.  Suppose  you  buUd  a  line  over  a  wagon  road,  which  is  a  post-road, 
would  you  have  to  pay  anything  more  tiian  damages  done  to  private 
property! — A.  Accor^g  to  recent  decisions,  the  land  owner  would 
have  a  claim  for  damages,  and  not  on^  that,  but  would  have  a  right  to 
say,^^  You  shall  not  put  np  your  lines  in  front  of  my  premises  unless  by 
process  of  condemnation."  Most  of  the  States  have  acts  authorizing  con- 
demnations. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  In  the  case  of  the  Pensacola  Company  vs.  The  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  (in  91  U.  8.,  I  think  it  is)  Chief  Justice 
Waite  discusses  the  whole  question  in  giving  his  opinion. 


TESTIMONY    OF   NORVIX    GREEN.  221 

The  Chatkman.  There  was  a  different  point  involved  in  that,  was 
there  notf 

Mr.  GwiNN.  The  Chief  Justice  says  that  we  mast  secure  the  right  of 
way  by  contract  or  by  condemnation;  that  we  cannot  erect  oar  poles 
wiUioat  making  compensation. 

The  Chairman.  Has  there  not  been  a  decision  in  Massachasetts  of  a 
different  character! 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Bat  the  decision  I  refer  to  was  from  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States. 

The  Witness.  I  have  been  through  a  good  deal  of  litigation  and  am 

Eretty  familiar  with  the  decisions,  although  I  am  not  a  lawyer.  But  I 
now  that  a  railroad  company  may  contract  to  give  a  telegraph  com- 
pany  an  exclusive  right  of  way  along  its  lines  so  far  as  the  railroad  com- 
pany can  carry  it  out.  But  the  railroad  company  cannot  properly  con- 
tract with  a  telegraph  company  to  go  on  its  road  and  give  it  the  exclu- 
sive right  of  way  as  against  the  power  of  the  State  to  condemn.  The 
contract  is  binding,  however,  on  the  contracting  parties,  so  far  as  the 
X)ower  of  the  railroad  company  is  concerned  to  carry  it  out.  Neverthe- 
less, the  State  may  authorize  condemnation  for  otber  companies. 

Tne  Chairman.  I  understand  there  has  been  a  decision  within  a  few 
days,  or  quite  a  short  time,  of  a  somewhat  different  nature.  [To  Mr. 
Idnes.]  Will  you  not  be  kind  enough  to  state  itf 

Mr.  ROBERT  B.  Lines.  I  have  merely  seen  a  notice  of  it  in  the  press. 
It  is  exactly  t^e  reverse  of  the  decision  that  Dr.  Green  states  has  been 
made  in  'Sew  Jersey,  and  perhaps  in  other  States.  It  is  to  the  effect 
that  the  right  of  way  along  highways  is  sneh  as  to  authorize  any  tele- 
graph company  to  erect  a  telegraph  line  on  them  without  paying  the 
owner  of  the  fee-simple. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  But  still  he  has  to  pay  a  turnpike  oomi>any. 

Mr.  Lines.  That  I  do  not  understand  to  have  been  the  effect  of  the 
decision.  / 

Mr.  OwiNN.  I  have  not  seen  a  copy  of  the  decision  to  which  you  refer. 

Mr.  Hubbard.  We  have  no  turnpike  companies  in  Massachusetts, 
thank  Heaven. 

The  Witness.  I  am  very  glad  to  hear  that  the  decision  goes  that  &r, 
because  we  have  two  or  three  suits  that  have  been  pending  two  or  three 
years. 

Mr.  Lines.  In  the  Pensacola  case  there  was  no  question  as  to  the 
right  of  the  Western  Union  Company  as  against  the  railroad  company; 
they  were  there  under  contract. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  The  Chief-Justice  said  expressly  that  the  act  of  1866  did 
not  give  them  the  right  to  go  there  without  compensation ;  that  the 
amount  necessary  to  be  paid  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  easement  must  be 
ascertained  in  the  ordinary  way,  either  by  contract  or  by  condemnation. 

Mr.  Lines.  Was  that  point  involved  in  the  case  f 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Not  directiy. 

Mr.  Lines.  Was  there  any  question  between  the  raihoad  company 
and  the  telegraph  company  f 

Mr.  GwiNN.  The  Chief  Justice  thought  it  was  involved  in  the  case,  for 
he  entered  into  a  discussion  of  the  point  and  decided  it. 

Mr.  Lines.  I  think  your  recollection  is  a  little  at  fault. 

The  Witness.  Ton  are  speaking  of  the  case  in  Massachusetts  f 

Mr.  Lines.  No  ;  I  am  speaking  of  the  Pensacola  case,  where,  as  I  un- 
derstand, the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Kailroad  Company  had  given  cer- 
tain rights  to  the  Florida  Railroad  Company. 

l%e  Witness.  That  is  not  a  correct  statement  of  the  case  at  all. 


222  TESTIMONY   OF   NOEVIN   GBEEN. 

Mr.  Lines.  It  was  the  case  of  the  Pensacola  Telegraph  Company 
against  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company. 

The  Witness.  This  was  the  case.  The  Pensacola  Telegraph  Company 
had  charter  from  the  State  authority  giving  them  theexclnsive  right  to 
build  a  telegraph  line  on  that  railroad,  40  miles,  up  to  Pollard.  They 
got  into  a  dispute,  they  had  no  contract,  but  they  were  there  simply. 
The  railroad  company  made  a  contract  with  us  to  allow  us  to  build  on 
that  road,  but  when  we  went  to  build  on  it  they  enjoined  us,  and  the 
local  courts  sustained  them  and  said  that  they  had  the  exclusive  right 
to  build  telegraph  lines.  We  took  the  case  up  to  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  Unit^  States,  and  there  it  was  decided  that  the  act  of  186G  gave 
us  the  right  to  go  on  that  road  if  we  acquired  the  right  necessary  to 
plant  our  poles. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Either  by  consent,  contract,  or  purchase. 

Mr.  Lines.  You  and  the  railroad  company  were  on  the  same  side. 
There  was  no  question  as  to  whether  you  could  build  your  line  without 
paying  for  the  right  of  way. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Well,  the  Chief  Justice  put  it  in. 

Mr.  Lines.  Then  it  was  obiter  dictum. 

Mr*  Gwtnn.  But  such  obiter  dicta  are  very  respectable. 

By  the  Chaibman  : 

In  regard  to  these  two  companies,  the  American  Union  and  Atlantic 
and  Pacific,  I  believe  I  have  substantially  asked  already  whether,  in 
your  opinion,  you  could  not  have  acquired  these  increased  facilities  at 
very  much  less  cost  than  $23,000,000. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  by  construction  rather  than  purchase. 

TheCHAiUMAN.  Yes. 

The  Witness.  I  presume  we  could  have  acquired  them  in  time. 

Q.  Do  you  to-day  maintain  all  the  lines  you  acquired  from  them  ? — 
A.  Substantially  all ;  there  are  a  few  pieces  of  lines  that  we  have  sold 
to  telephone  companies  in  which  we  were  interested. 

Q.  Were  there  not  a  great  many  miles  of  wires  of  these  companies  on 
the  same  rights  of  way  ! 

The  Witness.  The  same  rights  of  way  as  ours  t 

The  Chairman.  Ye«. 

A.  No. 
«Q.  Did  not  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  the  American  Company  and 
the  Western  Union  have  a  considerable  amount  of  lines  on  the  same 
rights  of  way  ? — ^A.  A  good  deal  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  wires  were 
transferred  to  our  poles ;  when  I  say  a  good  deal,  I  do  not  mean  a  half 
or  a  third,  but  still  quite  a  good  deal ;  and  in  one  instance,  along  one 
of  the  railroads,  from  Chicago  to  Omaha,  the  American  Union  had  built 
their  lines  just  outside  of  the  right  of  way,  northwest,  I  believe ;  and 
being  just  outside  of  the  right  of  way,  there  was  never  any  contract 
made  with  the  railroad  company. 

Q.  Is  not  the  principal  cost  of  sustaining  these  lines  in  replacing  the 
poles  as  they  decay  t — A.  That  is  the  reason  why  some  of  the  wires  have 
been  transferred  to  another  set  of  poles:  but,  as  a  general  rule,  there  is 
an  advantage  in  having  two  lines  of  poles,  so  that  if  one  breaks  down, 
the  other  may  be  standing. 

Q.  Where  you  construct  lines,  however,  you  never  put  up  two  lines 
of  poles  at  the  same  time! — A.  We  have  constructed  more  than  two 
lines  between  l^ew  York  and  Philadelphia ;  we  have  constructed  four 
or  five,  and  I  think  we  on^u  «AXo^<iX\i«t  ^<ix^\i  <«^  ^\^v  \wx^%. 

Q.  Batthati8quitead\ffie^ie\vt\\i\\\^\\^^^«t^'^^^^^^ 


TESTIMONY  OF  NORVIN  GREEN.  223 

A.  For  one  or  two  wires,  or  even  for  four  wires,  we  would  only  con- 
Btruct  one  lioe  of  poles. 

Q.  The  larger  proportion  of  your  lines  probably  do  not  contain  over 
four  wires,  do  they  f — A.  I  think  one  of  the  American  Union  lines  had 
eighteen  or  twenty  wires  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia ;  I  know 
as  mauy  as  eighteen. 

Q.  But  the  entire  property  of  the  Western  Union,  according  to  your 
own  statement  made  to-day,  will  average  ouly  about  three  wires  to  a 
line  of  poles.  I  am  not  speaking  about  some  particular  line  between 
large  cities,  but  about  the  whole  country. — A.  I  think  that  is  about  the 
average  of  the  whole  country,  but  you  must  remember  that  we  have  a 
great  many  branch  lines  and  small  lines.  The  present  system  does 
not  average  three  wire«,  but  you  must  remember  that  a  very  large  por- 
tion of  our  lines  are  branch  lines  through  small  places  where  we  have 
only  one  line  of  wire  on  the  poles. 

Q.  How  was  it  in  that  respect  with  regard  to  the  other  companies 
with  which  you  consolidated  t — ^A.  They  had  not  so  many  branch  lines 
as  we  had ;  they  went  by  the  highways,  and  touched  a  great  many  in- 
termediate points  we  did  not  touch,  but  they  were  generally  trunk  lines 
striking  for  the  large  places,  and  had  from  two  to  four  wires  on  a  line 
of  poles. 

Adjourned. 


February  26, 1884. 
NoRViN  Green's  examination  resumed. 

The  Witness,  i  have  asked  the  stenographer  if  he  has  his  notes  of 
yesterday,  but  he  has  not.  I  wanted  to  see  precisely  what  I  am  reported 
to  have  said  in  respect  to  the  question  of  the  chairman  as  to  the  owner- 
ship of  not  less  than  95  per  cent,  of  all  the  lines  set  down  as  owned. 
My  recollection  is  I  said  that  that  was  generally  true  and  ought  to  be 
universally  true;  but  that  I  could  not  say  positively;  that  there  were 
not  instances  in  which  we  did  not  own  as  much  as  95  per  cent,  of  the 
lines.    Is  not  that  your  recollection,  Mr.  Chairman  1 

The  Chairman.  I  should  have  said  that  you  stated  there  was  no  case 
in  which  you  owned  less  than  that. 

The  Witness.  1  said  I  knew  of  no  case,  and  that  it  ought  to  be  true 
as  to  every  instance;  but  that  as  I  did  not  keep  the  accounts  and  the 
statistical  separations  I  could  not  say  positively  that  there  wete  not 
isolated  instances  in  which  we  did  not  own  so  much  as  that.  I  think 
that  is  what  I  said  yesterday. 

The  Chairman.  I  was  desirous  in  that  matter  as  in  the  others,  to 
get  exact  information. 

The  Witness.  1  will  say  that  whatever  we  lack  in  entire  ownership 
in  the  lines  set  down  as  owned  is  verj'  largely  overbalanced  by  our 
ownership  in  the  lines  classed  as  leased." 

The  Chairman.  As  your  statements  are  made  as  approximate  state- 
ments, or  estimates,  as  near  as  you  can  remember,  and  xGry  few  of 
them  are  accurate  and  explicit  answers  to  the  questions,  I  suggested  the 
limit  of  95  per  cent,  to  ascertain  whether  you  do  practically  own  all  of 
this  property  or  whether  a  considerable  portion  of  it  in  some  cases  may 
be  owned  by  other  parties.  That  was  my  object.  I  do  not  care  to  press 
1;hat  matter  any  further. 


224 


TtSTlMONY   OF   NOKVIX    GBEEN. 


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i 

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1 1 

i 
t 


The  Witness.  I  have  given  yon  what  I  know  aboat  it.  I  said  toyoa 
it  wonld  take  a  long  while  to  cipheront  the  precise  ownership  ontstanding 
and  fractional,  as  it  is  in  this  great  unmber  of  properties  that  have  been 
taken  np  since  and  before  1866.  The  larger  number  have  been  absorbed 
before  1866  rather  than  since,  with  which  I  am  not  so  familiar,  my  con- 
nection with  the  company  beginning  at  that  time.  Let  me  make  another 
statement  in  respect  to  my  testimony  of  yesterday.  I  want  to  say  first 
that  all  the  expenditures  of  the  company,  including  all  the  line  rentals, 
are  charged  to  current  expenses,  and  not  paid  out  of  the  profits,  as  is 
sometimes  insisted  upon ;  that  they  are  charged  to  current  expenses 
before  the  p]  ofits  are  stricken.  I  wish  to  say  further  that  all  the  ex- 
penses reported  yesterday  do  not  apply  to  the  expense  of  obtaining  the 
revenues  reported  from  the  transmission  of  messages.  We  have  now 
leased  lines  at  the  rate  of  $50,000  a  month.  $600,000  a  year.  Of  coarse 
a  part  of  the  expenditure  for  the  maintenance  of  lines,  batteries,  &c, 
applies  solely  to  those  leased  lines  from  which  we  get  no  tolls  or  mes- 
sages. What  I  gave  you  yesterday  was  the  earnings  in  that  particolar 
department  of  tolls  on  messages.  Some  of  these  expenditures  apply 
also  to  the  gold  and  stock  department,  from  which  we  derive  a  large 
revenue  on  the  quotations  and  commercial  news  service. 

The  Chairman.  We  will  go  on  now  from  1881.  What  was  the  next 
increase  in  your  capital  stock  after  the  issue  of  the  stock  for  the  Amer- 
ican Union  f  • 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Is  that  the  twenty-first  question  f 

The  Chaibman.  We  have  not  followed  the  order  strictly.  Br.  Green 
undertook  to  give  us  in  answer  to  a  general  question  a  statement  of  all 
the  diflerent  consolidations,  and  I  thought  beet  to  continue  in  that  line. 
We  reach  the  Mutual  Union  next,  I  think. 

The  Witness.  I  gave  you  yesterday  the  stock  issued  for  the  purchase 
of  the  stock  of  the  AUautic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company,  the  Americaa 
Union  Telegraph  Company,  and  the  capitalization  of  the  surplus  by  the 
distribution  of  $15,526,000  of  stock  to  the  old  stockholders  of  the  West- 
em  Union. 

By  the  Chaibman  : 

Q.  When  was  that  made  f— A.  That  ¥ras  made  a  part  of  the  general 
deal  in  taking  up  the  American  Union  and  Atlantic  and  Pacific.  As  I 
said,  it  was  stipulated  that  before  taking  them  in,  at  least  before  they 
could  share  in  the  company,  the  company  should  capitalize  its  surplns 
invested  in  telegraph  properties,  and  distribute  it  to  its  stockholders. 
It  was  a  part,  however,  of  the  same  contract. 

Q.  What  comes  next  to  that  f — A.  Next  to  that  is  only  a  general 
item,  covering  the  whole  of  the  period  from  1866  to  the  present  time,  of 
small  amounts  of  stock  issued  in  exchange  for  miscellaneous  leases  and 
for  patents,  amounting  to  only  $11,310. 

Q.  That  was  also  in  1881  f — A.  No,  sir ;  I  say  that  covers  the  entire 
period. 

Q.  When  was  it  issued  f — A.  It  was  issued  item  time  to  time  under 
the  obligations  of  the  company. 

The  Chaibman.  That  is  a  small  amount.    It  is  immaterial. 

The  Witness.  It  was  issued  under  the  contract  of  the  company  that 
they  wonld  exchange  it  for  certain  stocks.  These  were  fractions  coming 
in  from  time  to  time,  altogether  $11,310.  I  think  I  have  omitted 
nothing ;  but,  for  fear  that  I  have,  I  will,  if  the  chairman  wishes,  file  the 
paper  which  is  the  work  of  the  secretary  of  the  company  who  keeps  the 
records  and  who  has  given  it  to  me. 


TESTIMONY  OF  NORVIN  GREEN.  225 

Q.  Docs  that  bring  it  down  to  the  present  time  f — A.  That  is  all  the 
capital  stock  that  has  been  issued. 

Q.  You  have  acquired  other  property  than  that  yon  have  mentioned 
hereT — A.  We  have  acquired  other  property;  yes,  sir.  Since  1881  we 
have  leased  the  Northwestern  Telegraph  Company,  and  acquired  a  large 
interest  in  the  Great  Northwestern  Company  of  Canada,  and  we  have 
also  purchased  and  paid  for  in  cash  the  lines  of  the  Michigan  Telegraph 
Company.  They  were  lines  in  Michigan  belonging  chiefly  to  Mr., 
Balch. 

Q.  How  much  did  you  pay  for  that  property! — A.  About  $I60,00(). 
It  may  have  been  $162,000  or  $163,000.  It  was  a  value  obtained  by 
arbitration. 

Q.  You  need  hot  go  into  the  details  of  that.  It  is  a  small  matter. 
Are  there  any  other  items  f — A.  Yes,  sir.  We  leased  the  two  American 
cables,  the  International  Ocean  Telegraph  Company,  having  cables  to 
Cuba,  and  the  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company.  Those  transactions 
required  the  issue  of  no  additional  stock. 

Q.  Are  there  any  others? — A.  I  do  not  recall  any  others. 

Q.  Did  you  acquire  the  Mutual  Union  Line? — A.  Yes,  sir.  That  was 
the  last  acquisition.    I  thought  I  had  mentioned  that. 

Q.  When  was  that  acquisition  made? — A.  It  was  completed  during 
my  absence.    The  contract  was  made  in  February,  originally. 

Q.  February  of  what  year? — A.  February,  1883.  It  was  really  taken 
over  in  part  in  February.  We  were  estopped  by  an  injunction  at  the 
suit  of  Mr.  ReifF,  and  had  to  work  it  separately  for  three  or  four  months 
at  an  additional  cost  of  nearly  $300,000.  The  injunction  was  finally  dis- 
solved and  we  took  it  over. 

Q.  Can  you  give  us  the  terms  of  that  contract? — A.  The  terras  of  that 
contract  were  that  we  were  to  pay  the  interest  on  their  bonds  and  IJ  per 
cent,  dividend  on  their  stock. 

Q.  You  did  not  issue  any  new  stock  for  them  ? — A.  No  new  stock. 

Q.  What  was  the  amount  of  their  bonds?— A.  Five  millions. 

Q.  And  how  much  stock? — A.  Ten  millions. 

Q.  And  you  pay  IJ  per  cent,  per  annum  on  that? — A.  Yes,  sir.  ' 

Q.  For  how  long  a  time? — A.  I  think  it  is  ninety-nine  years.  It  is  the 
usual  term  of  our  leases.    It  is  substantially  permanent. 

Q.  What  is  the  interest  on  the  bonds? — A.  The  interest  on  the  bonds 
is  6  per  cent. 

Q.  How  much  property  did  you  acquire  from  them  ?  It  is  a  very 
recent  transaction  and  I  suppose  you  will  have  in  your  memory  some- 
where near  the  amount. — A.  I  do  not  know.  I  could  answer  that  ques- 
tion if  I  had  prepared  for  it;  but  I  cannot  answer  it  now. 

Q.  Can  yon  not  give  a  close  approximation  of  the  amount? — A.  I 
remember  now  that  they  reported  to  the  Stock  Exchange  50,000  miles  of 
wire,  and  that  one  of  our  directors,  who  was  quite  an  expert  in  figuring 
out  such  matters,  ciphered  them  down  to  about  44,000. 

Q.  Your  opinion  is  then  that  there  were  about  44,000  miles  of  wiie? — 
A.  That  is  my  opinion.  That  is  what  was  ciphered  down  by  one  of  our 
directors  who  had  a  suit  against  them  and  was  after  them  for  a  dissolu- 
tion of  their  charter. 

Q.  About  how  many  miles  of  poles  were  thef'e  ? — A.  1  should  estimate 
that  they  had  about  an  average  of  two  wires  to  the  pole. 

Q.  That  would  be  about  22,000  miles  of  poles?— A.  Yes,  sir;  proba- 
bly over  20,000  miles.     1  confess  that  in  making  tbe  U^4fc^^  Vi'^'jw 
sharper  eye  to  the  revenues  and  expenses  t\iau  Xo  \Xi^  m^^aj^^*   ^\>afe 
revenues  were  about  $120,000  a  month. 
S,  Rep.  r)77,  pt.  2 15 


^  i    1 


^26 


TESTIMONY    OF    NORVIN    GREEN. 


Q.  Do  you  mean  the  receiptHof  the  Mutual  Union  f — A.  Yes,  sir;  the 
receipts  of  the  Mutual  Union.  They  claimed  $  12.i,fK)0  a  niont  h.  1  should 
8ay  they  were  about  $120,000.  We  estimated  that  we  liould  takeover 
those  earnings  at  less  than  half  the  expense  they  were  at  to  ^et  tbein. 

Q.  Did  the  Mutual  Union  Company  cover  any  in])K>rtant  territor}  or 
reach  any  important  places  which  had  not  been  reached  belon*  by  the 
Western  Union,  and  were  not  at  that  time  covered  by  the  Wf^stern 
Union  1 — A.  That  depends  ver>'  much  on  what  yon  call  iniportaDt])lace$. 
They  reached  a  great  many  points  that  the  Western  Union  did  not 
reach,  but  they  were  not  among  the  larger  commercial  cities.  The 
Western  Union  had  already  reached  every  im])ortant  commercial  city. 
They  reached  a  great  many  small  points  on  their  highway  routes  tbat 
we  did  not  touch. 

Q.  Can  you  name  any  important  )>]ace? — A.  1  cannot  name  anyplace 
of  importance.  There  may  have  been  places  of  importaDce.  I  cannot 
say  that  there  were.  1  can  only  say  that  they  occupied  highways  that 
we  were  not  on,  and  had  a  great  many  offices  at  places  where  we  bad 
not  any.  We  had  occasionally  to  turn  a  message  over  to  them  to  enable 
it  to  reach  its  destination. 

Q.  Did  you  add  anything  materially  to  your  facilities  for  doing  busi- 
ness by  this  trade  T — A.  1  think  we  did,  sir.  Forty- four  thousand  miles 
of  wire  is  a  very  material  addition  to  our  facilities.  I  have  said  before 
that  we  could  utilize  all  the  wire  we  acquired,  and  we  could  use  wore. 

By  Mr.  Gwinn  : 

•  Q.  And  you  added  large  gross  revenues  f — A.  Yes.  We  had  more 
than  sufficient  facilities  to  do  the  business  that  we  took  over ;  but  tbere 
are  always  places  where  we  need  additional  wire.  The  fact  that  we 
needed  their  wire  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  we  went  on  building  wire 
all  the  time  after  we  got  them. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Over  the  same  lines  ! — A.  Over  some  of  the  same  routes. 

Q.  Between  a  few  of  the  large  cities,  1  suppose  f — Yes,  sir. 

Q.*  Bill  not  generally  over  the  country  where  their  lines  extended!— 
A.  Not  universally  so. 

Q.  Over  what  proportion  of  the  routes  that  they  occupied  have  yoa 
added  anything  to  these  facilities  f — A.  We  have  constantly  added 
wires  from  New  York  to  Boston.  We  have  constantly  added  facilities 
on  the  through  routes  between  New  York  and  Chicago. 

Q.  What  do  you  estimate  to  be  the  cost  per  mile  of  erecting  lines 
through  the  country  t  1  mean  country  lines;  not  those  between  a  few 
of  the  larger  cities;  say,  out  in  the  Western  countrj^  I — A.  The  cost  is 
very  variable.  In  the  Western  country,  where  timber  is  plenty,  and 
where  we  can  get  x>ole^  with  facility,  a  pole  line  Ciin  be  erecied  capable 
of  carrying  from  two  to  four  wires  at  about  $150  a  mile.  On  the  over- 
land routfS  to  the  Pacific  it  will  cost  three  or  four  times  that  luucb. 
The  cheapest  lines  we  can  build  will  cost  us  $150  a  mile  for  the  \H>\es. 
The  most  expensive  lines  will  cost  from  $(>00to$8<M)amile  for  thepob-s. 
1  estimate  the  present  cost  of  erecting  wire  on  i)oles,  except  where  tbe 
wire  is  to  be  transported  to  the  Pacific  or  to  the  Pacific  routes,  at  alwut 
$45  a  mile. 

Q.  How  much  do  you  say  the  cheapest  line  of  poles  costs  T — A.  The 
cheapest  lines  we  build  will  cost  for  the  |>oles  $150  a  mile,  that  is,  lor 

timber, 
cases  our 


l)oles  either  of  cedar  or  chestnut.     We  (io  not  use  the  common  tii 
That  includes  the  transportation  and  their  erection.     In  most  cast 


TliSTiMOKY    OF    KOUVIX    GLEEN.  227 

pole i)  cost  US  as  much,  or  more,  to  tmusport  them  as  they  do  to  purchase 
theui.  We  buy  from  50,000  to  150,000  poles  at  a  time  constantly,  that 
are  brought  over  from  Canada,  where  there  is  plenty  of  cedar,  and  it  is 
cheaper  than  we  can  get  it  anywhere  else.  Throughout  the  South  At- 
lantic States,  or  the  Southern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  we 
get  our  supply  chiefly  from  the  mountains  about  the  headwaters  of  the 
Tennessee  Kiver,  where  there  is  plenty  of  cedar. 

Q.  How  many  i:oles  do  you  erect  to  the  mile  in  your  cheapest  lines? — 
A.  Rarely  less  than  forty ;  generally  forty  in  the  cheaper  lines.  The 
original  lines  were  built  with  about  thirty  poles  to  the  mile,  but  they 
♦were  not  sufficient. 

Q.  You  have  no  general  rule  about  the  number  of  poles  f — A.  Oh,  no ; 
no  general  rule.     For  heavy  lines  we  often  use  sixty  poles  to  the  mile. 

By  Senator  Palmer  : 

Q.  It  depends  somewhat  on  the  conformation  of  the  country  T — A.  It 
depends  somew^hat  upon  the  conformation  of  the  country.  •  )ver  the 
Allegheny  Mountains,  on  the  through  routes,  where  the  roads  are 
crooked  and  rugged,  we  use  as  high  as  eighty  poles  to  the  mile. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  The  cost  of  the  wire  is  pretty  uniform  all  over  the  country,  I  sup- 
pose ;  it  does  not  vary  very  much  ! — A.  Yes,  it  does  vary,  because  our 
wire  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  cost  twice  as  much  for  its  trans- 
portation there  as  the  wire  cost  at  the  factory. 

Q.  What  do  you  estimate  to  be  the  cost  per  mile  of  wire  put  up  f — A. 
Including  the  transpoitation,  labor,  cross-arms  or  brackets,  and  insu- 
lators, I  estimate  it  at  $45  a  mile.  I  am  speaking  now  of  No.  6  and  No. 
8*  wire.  Our  No.  4  wire,  of  which  we  have  several  thousand  miles,  costs 
us  as  high  as  150  a  mile  at  the  factory. 

Q,  What  wire  do  you  use  mostly  f — A.  Mostly  No.  6. 

Q.  That  costs  you  how  much,  including  everything  f — A.  That  would 
cost  more  than  $45.  I  estimate  that  the  average  wire.  No.  6  and  No.  8, 
would  cost  $45  a  mile.  I  do  not  think  that  any  of  these  opposition 
companies  that  we  have  taken  up  have  built  their  lines  anything  like  so 
low  as  that.  In  the  first  place,  it  costs  them  a  great  deal  of  money  for 
the  right  of  way.  Our  right  of  way  costs  us  a  great  deal.  It  is  a  con- 
tinuing cost  on  our  part.  But  it  did  not  cost  us  any  money  cash  down. 
We  pay  for  it  by  service  to  the  railroad  companies.  Our  lines  on  the 
through  routes,  the  great  trunk  lines,  where  we  have  from  eight  to 
eighteen  wires  to  the  pole,  I  think  cost  us  all  of  $600  per  mile  for  the 
pole  routes,  and  in  some  instances  more  than  that. 

Q.  That  is  between  the  large  cities  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  But  that  is  a  very  small  percentage  of  the  whole  f — A.  It  is  not  a 
very  small  percentage  of  the  whole. 

Q.  Of  the  whole  number  of  miles  1 — A.  No,  sir.    If  you  take  our  lines  , 
from  New  York  to  Portland  in  one  direction,  and  from  New  York  to 
Washington  south,  and  the  two  or  three  heavy  routes  from  New  York 
to  Chicago  and  Saint  Louis,  they  make  considerable  percentage  of  the 
whole. 

Q.  Could  you  give  us  a  pretty  close  approximation  of  what  it  would 
have  cost  you  to  have  constructed  the  property  which  you  acquired  from 
the  Mutual  Union  T — A.  I  could  not,  sir.  I  can  only  say  that  they 
demonstrated  to  me  that  it  had  cost  them  more  than  $5,000,000.  What 
it  would  cost  to  duplicate  it,  I  canpot  say. 


1 


228 


TESTIMONY   OF   NORVIN    GREEN. 


Q.  I  made  an  iDquiry  yesterday  an  to  whether  the  officers  of  the 
Western  Union,  and  the  officers  of  the  American  XJoion 

The  Witness.  Before  we  get  off  that  subject,  I  think  it  is  only  jo^t 
to  my  company  to  say  that  we  do  not  consider  the  cost  of  the  poles  ami 
wires  as  the  value  of  onr  property.  We  think  that  there  is  a  more  im- 
portant element  of  value,  or  another  element  quite  as  important  to  be 
taken  into  account — its  franchise,  its  privileges,  its  advantages,  and  its 
earning  capacity.  I  do  not  want  the  committee  to  understand  tliati 
give  the  estimated  cost  of  poles  and  wires  as  the  value  of  our  property. 

Q.  Its  earning  capacity  de|>ends  very  largely  upon  luaiutaiuing  a 
monopoly^  does  it  not  ? — A.  I  have  told  the  committee  that  with  three 
competing  lines  at  Chicago,  our  earnings  are  larger  than  thoy  ever 
were. 

Q.  You  will  hardly  want  to  go  on  record  as  stating  as  a  general  propo- 
sition that  your  property  would  be  worth  less  with  abundance  of  com 
petition  than  with  a  monopoly,  would  you  f — A.  I  do  not  understand 
what  you  mean. 

Q.  I  asked  you  if  the  earning  capacity  of  your  property,  which  yoa 
say  is  the  important  consideration  with  you,  is  not  very  largely  depend- 
ent upon  maintaining  a  monopoly  of  the  business  ? — A.  I  answer  that 
it  is  not  entirely  dependent  on  the  maintenance  of  a  monopoly  of  the 
business.  We  have  never  had  a  monopoly  of  the  business.  There  never 
has  been  a  time  when  we  had  not  com|)eting  Hues.  Of  course  I  will  say 
that  a  more  formidable  competition  than  we  have  ever  had  might  re- 
duce our  earnings. 

Q.  Has  not  the  competition  you  have  had  at  times  had  that  effect!— 
A.  It  has  never  had  any  appreciable  effect  upon  the  continued  growth 
of  our  earnings,  except  when  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  made  a  drive  of 
rates  at  us,  and  reduced  the  rate  to  25  cents  to  all  ]K)ints  east  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.  That  was  a  losing  rate  for  the  business  which  had  to  be 
competed  for,  and  affected  our  revenues.  On  that  subject,  1  desire  to 
say  here  that  from  my  experience  the  revenues  of  the  company  from 
telegraph  service  will  grow  by  a  continuing  and  conservative  redaction 
of  rates :  but  with  a  sweeping  reduction  they  would  be  materially  dam- 
aged. The  time  may  come  when  we  can  send  a  message  a  good  deal 
further  for  25  cents  than  we  do  now.  We  send  it  now  for  25  ceuts  withiu 
a  range  of  500  miles  at  a  small  profit. 

Q.  You  would  call  net  earnings  of  $8,000,000  against  expenses  of 
$11,000,000  very  conservative,  would  you  not  1 — A.  1  do  not  care  to  ex- 
press an  opinion  upon  that  qnestion.  I  do  not  think  I  ought  to  be  asked 
to  do  so.  I  am  here  to  testify  to  facts.  When  you  ask  me  my  opin- 
ion  

The  Chairman.  You  have  been  expressing  opinions  very  freely  as  to 
what  the  policy  of  the  company  was  in  regard  to  a  conservative  redac- 
tion of  rates,  and  I  merely  asked  you  if  you  considered  that  conservative. 
That  was  all.  It  was  in  the  lineof  your  own  statement,  giving  an  opin- 
ion. 

The  Witness.  I  will  say  to  the  chairman  very  frankly  that  we  oper- 
ate our  company  to  get  the  greatest  amount  of  revenue  we  can.  When 
I  spoke  of  a  conservative  reduction  of  rates  I  spoke  of  it  as  giving  us 
a  larger  revenue.  We  do  not  often  reduce  rates  except  when  we  be- 
lieve it  will  give  us  a  larger  revenue.  The  opinion  has  been  expressed 
to  this  committee  by  a  gentleman  claiming  to  be  an  expert  that  a  large 
reduction  of  rates  would  give  more  revenue  and  make  more  money.  1 
say  that  that  will  only  be  the  result  when  the  reduction  is  conserva- 
tively made,  and  that  a  sweeping  reduction  would  give  much  less  rev- 
enue. 


TESTIMONY    OF   KOBVIN    GREEN.  229 

Q.  Was  not  your  object  in  acquiring  tbe  Mutual  Union,  as  in  fact  all 
these  either  hirger  interests,  really  to  avoid  competition  f-*-A.  Partly, 
bnt  not  solely.  We  were  i>erfectly  aware  that  we  would  have  other 
competition  stimnlated  by  it.  The  object  was  to  acquire  more  revenue 
at  less  expense.  We  believed  that  we  should  take  over  more  than 
$iOO,(MH)  a  month  of  their  $120,tKK)  a  month  of  revenue,  which  we 
would  be  able  to  handle  at  a  cost  of  $50,000  a  month.  We  thought  it 
a  good  trjuh\  But  with  a  view  of  removing  com|)etition  entirely  we 
certainly  could  not  have  taken  th.it  action  when  there  were  two  other 
comjieting  companies  in  the  field,  and  we  were  i>erfectly  aware  that 
taking  up  one  com])any  would  only  stimulate  the  others. 

Q.  Alter  you  acquired  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  property  you  found  a 
very  material  increase  in  your  revenue  from  an  increase  of  rates,  did 
you  nolf — A.  Only  the  restoration  in  part  of  the  nites  existing  before 
that  war  of  rates  was  made.  A  great  many  of  the  25-cent  rates  brought 
about  by  that  war  ol*  rates  were  allowed  to  continue,  but  beyond  com- 
peting }>oints  the  rates  were  not  restored  to  the  extent  of  the  full  amount 
that  had  been  charged  before.  For  instance,  the  rate  to  Chicago  had 
been  75  cents.  It  was  made  60  cents.  The  rate  to  Omaha  was  made  75 
cents.  Now,  I  think  it  is  only  00  cents.  It  was  made  75  cents,  but  it 
had  been  before  at  least  a  dollar,  and  probably  more.  That  is  tbe  only 
instance  of  any  increase  of  rates  to  competing  points  following  an  ab- 
sorption of  competing  lines,  and  that  was  so  because  there  had  been  a 
decided  and  avowed  war  of  rates. 

Q.  That  was  the  only  case  where  you  have  either  restored  rates  or  in- 
creased them  afterwards  f — A.  The  only  one  of  note.  There  may  have 
been  triding  instances,  but  that  is  the  only  one  of  any  note  applying  to 
any  considerable  number  of  offices. 

Q.  Were  there  not  some  quite  large  increases  made  in  certain  por- 
tions of  the  South,  for  instance,  upon  tbe  rates  south  of  Louisville  f — 
A.  I  think  not.    The  rates  South  are  lower  now  than  they  ever  were. 

Q.  Tes,  but  that  is  not  answering  my  question. — A.  I  think  there  was 
a  rate  of  75  cents  at  the  time  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  to  New  Orleans, 
which  was  afterwards  made  a  dollar,  and  has  been  put  back  to  75  cents. 
The  rate  between  New  York  and  New  Orleans  is  now  75  cents. 

Q.  1  asked  you  yesterday  if  any  of  the  directors  of  the  Western  Union 
Company  at  the  time  of  the  consolidation  with  the  American  Union  Com- 
pany were  also  dii-ectorsof  the  American  Union  Company  t — A.  No,  mt; 
none. 

Q.  There  were  none! — A.  None.    I  could  verify  that. 

Q.  Were  not  Mr.  Gould,  and  Mr.  Sage,  and  Mr.  Eckert  directors  of 
the  American  Union  Company! — A.  They  were  not  directors  of  the 
Western  Union  Company;  they  were  dii-ectors  of  the  American  Union« 
but  not  of  the  Western  Union. 

Q.  They  were  not  on  the  board  at  all  t— A.  Not  of  the  Western  Union 
previous  to  tbe  taking  up  of  the  American  Union. 

Q.  The  twenty-fourth  interrogatory  relates  to  the  amount  of  stock 
which  the  Western  Union  Company,  or  its  officers  or  directors,  held  in 
certain  companies  before  the  consolidation.  Are  you  prepared  to  answer, 
first,  as  to  whether  the  Western  Union  Company  or  any  of  its  officers  or 
directors  held  any  stock  in  the  American  Union  t — A.  I  do  not  know  of 
a  share,  sir. 

Q.  Ton  do  not  know  that  there  were  none  t — A.  1  do  not  know  that 
there  were  none ,  but  I  do  not  know  of  a  share. 

Q.  Or  in  the  United  States  Company  t — A.  Or  in  the  United  States. 


230  TllSTlMONY    OF   NORVIX    GREFN. 

You  understand  that  was  before  my  connection  with  the  Western  Union; 
but  I  do  not  think  there  was  any  in  either  instance. 

Q.  There  wan  none  of  the  stock  of  the  American  Union  Com|)any 
owned  either  by  the  Western  Union  Company  or  its  officers  or  direct- 
orsf — A.  Not  a  share  that  I  know  of  or  have  heard  of. 

Q.  What  is  your  answer  as  to  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company  f— 
A.  When  we  made  the  pooling  arrangement  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pa 
cific  we  made  a  contract  for  a  little  less  than  half  of  its  stock,  which 
was  afterwards  turned  over  to  ns^  and  that  probably  bad  been  increased 
from  time  to  time  to  a  little  more  than  half  when  the  final  absorption  of 
that  company  was  made. 

Q.  The  Western  Union  Company  owned  about  half  of  the  stock  at  the 
time  the  consolidation  was  madet — A.  At  the  time  of  the  final  consoli- 
dation. It  did  not  own  any  of  the  stock  at  the  time  the  pooling  agree- 
ment was  made,  though  there  was  an  understanding  by  which  we  were 
to  )>urchase  some  of  the  stock  from  certain  large  holders  in  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific. 

Q.  Do  you  know  at  what  rate  the  stock  which  the  Western  Union 
owned  in  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  was  purchased  before  the  final  con- 
solidation was  made  t — A.  I  think  it  was  purchased  at  25  cents.  The 
company  was  at  a  low  ebb  at  that  time,  but  the  stock  sold  very  freelj 
at 

Q.  Did  not  the  Western  Union  acquire  a  controlling  interest  in  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  before  the  final  consolidation  f — A.  Tes;  before 
the  final  consolidation  I  think  it  did.  1  am  not  sure  it  had  a  majority 
of  the  stock,  but  it  had  substantially  a  controlling  interest  at  ail  of  its 
stockholders'  meetings.    All  the  stock  was  never  represented. 

Q.  At  what  rate  was  the  stock  which  they  did  not  control  at  that  time 
taken  in  afterwards  f — A.  At  60  per  cent,  in  stock  of  the  Western  Union. 
But  I  began  to  say,  and  I  think  I  am  entitled  to  say,  that  the  pooling 
arrangement  increased  the  value  of  the  Atlantic  and  P;!cific  stock  and 
made  it  a  dividend-paying  stock  and  contteqnently  it  sold  very  freely  on 
the  market  above  50  before  the  final  absorption. 

Q.  The-  next  interrogatory  contains  the  substance  of  what  has  bc^eu 
asked  several  times  l^fore.  It  is,  whether  all  these  lines  which  yon 
have  acquired  ^m  the  several  competing  companies  have  been  main 
tained  and  kept  in  working  order  by  the  Western  Union  Company.— 
A.  That  I  think  1  have  answered.  Before  the  chairman  gets  away  1 
wish  to  call  his  attention  to  a  |K)int.  I  do  not  want  to  dodge  anythiuj^. 
I  want  to  answer  everything  promptly  and  squarely.  I  think  he  has 
omitted  to  ask  me  whether  any  interest  was  held  in  "the  Mutual  Union. 
I  have  not  answered  that  we  ha<l  no  interest  in  any  of  the  companies 
we  absorbed.  At  the  time  the  negotiations  for  the  Mutual  Union  com- 
menced the  Western  Union  were  the  owners  of  thi  ee  millions  of  its  stock 
out  of  the  ten  millions  which  composed  it.  Before  the  consummation  ut' 
the  negotiations  we  sold  that  stock  at  what  we  thought  was  a  better 
price  than  it  would  sell  for  afterwards,  and  so  it  turned  out.  We  sold 
it  at  20,  and  I  think  it  has  been  selling  on  the  market  since  at  about  17 
oris. 

Q.  Is  that  the  stock  on  which  you  pay  perpetually  IJJ  per  cent,  t— -A. 
Yes,  sir ;  1^  per  cent 

Q.  At  the  time  of  the  final  trade  with  the  Mutual  Union,  which  1 
think  you  said  was  in  February,  1883,  <lid  the  Western  Union,  orany  ot 
its  officers  or  directors  own  any  stock  in  itt — A.  The  Western  Union 
Company  owned  this  $3,000,000  at  the  time  we  commenced  negotiations. 

Q.  But  afterwards  sold  it,  you  say  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 


TESTIMONY  OF  NORVIN  GREEN.  231 

Q.  At  the  time  the  negotiation  was  perfected  did  they  own  any  t— A. 
^o,  sir. 

Q.  They  did  not  own  any  of  the  stock  t — A.  We  owned  the  right  to 
call  that  stock  back.  We  sold  it  with  the  right  to  recall  it.  That  is  all. 
I  do  not  know  of  any  director  that  owned  any. 

Q.  That  was  three  oat  of  the  ten  millions  t — A.  That  was  three  oat 
of  the  ten  millions. 

Q.  You  state  that  you  have  answered  the  question  as  to  whether  yoa 
have  kept  the  property  acquired  in  working  order,  and  maintained  it  aa 
working  property;  but  your  answer  did  not  give  us  any  information 
upon  that  point.  You  did  not  state  what  proportion  of  the  lines  you 
maintain. — A.  I  should  say  that  95  per  cent,  of  all  the  lines  we  have 
acquired  have  been  kept  and  operated.  Not  that  large  percentage  of 
them  have  been  kept  intact  Where  the  poles  have  given  out  in  many 
instances  instead  of  rebuilding  them  we  have  moved  the  wires  on  to  our 
X)ole8. 

Q.  Is  that  estimate  based  on  figures  from  your  books  t — A.  No;  but 
I  know  we  have  neither  sold  nor  destroyed  any  considerable  amount. 
We  have  not  sold  any  wire  over  40  or  50  miles  long  anywhere,  except 
where  there  was  some  telephone  company  in  which  we  were  interested. 

Q.  Have  you  found  it  necessary  to  keep  up  two  lines  of  poles  and 
wires  in  every  case  t — A.  I  said  we  have  not  kept  up  95  per  cent,  of 
them  intact,  but  we  have  kept  them  so  as  to  have  all  the  benefits  of  the 
facilities  of  the  wires. 

Q.  You  have  not  kept  95  per  cent,  of  the  pole  lines  t — ^A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Have  you  an  idea  of  what  percentage  of  the  pole  lines  you  have 
kept  up  t — A.  I  cannot  give  you  the  facts  and  figures,  but  certainly 
more  than  60  per  cent.  We  always  keep  the  pole  lines  until  the  poles 
give  out.  When  the  poles  give  out,  instead  of  rebuilding  the  old  line 
intact  where  it  was,  as  in  the  instance  I  mentioned  where  it  was  outside 
of  the  right  of  way  of  the  railroad,  and  in  the  bushes,  we  have  either 
rebuilt  it  on  new  poles  further  in  or  put  it  in  our  poles.  There  are  very 
many  instances  in  which  we  have  of  choice  elected  to  build  two  linee 
on  a  railroad  and  occupy  both  sides  of  the  road ;  very  many*  instances. 
There  is  more  reliability  to  be  placed  on  twelve  or  fifteen  wires  put  on 
two  lines  of  poles  than  if  they  are  all  on  one  line  of  poles.  Then,  too, 
we  have  also  thought  it  desirable  to  occupy  both  sides  of  the  road  ia 
many  instances. 

Q.  Have  any  bonds  ever  been  issued  by  the  Western  (Jnion  Company 
for  any  other  consideration  than  money  t — A.  I  do  not  know  what  yoa 
would  call  any  other  consideration.  We  issued  bonds  for  the  purchase 
of  the  California  State  stock.  Some  of  those  bonds  were  sold  to  the 
stockholders  and  the  pay  taken  in  stock.  We  issued  some  bonds  ia 
1807  for  the  purchase  of  the  stock  of  what  was  called  the  American  Unioa 
Overland  Extension.  Before  the  cables  were  laid  across  the  Atlantic, 
the  president  of  the  Western  Union  Company  went  to  St.  Petersburg 
and  arranged  with  the  Russian  Government  to  build  one-halt  of  the  line 
from  New  York  to  St.  Petersburg,  the  whole  distance  being  about  four- 
teen thousand  miles.  He  undertook  to  build  7,000  miles  of  the  line, 
which  involved  a  cable  of  000  miles  across  the  Straits  and  a  line  way  up 
the  Amoor  River. 

Q.  Thisproperty  was  afterwanls  acquired  for  bonds  t— A.  That  prop- 
<^rty  we  acquired  for  bonds.  It  had  been  built  pretty  much  up  through 
British  America.  The  company  had  quit«  a  little  fieet  of  sailing  vessels, 
and  in  one  of  them,  the  Egmont,  they  had  some  seventy  or  eighty  milee 
of  deep-sea  cable. 


232  TESTIMONY    OP   NOBVIN   GREEN. 

Q.  What  amount  of  bonds  did  you  issue  for  that  purchase  1 — A.  A 
little  over  three  millions. 

Q.  Have  any  other  bonds  been  issued  by  the  company  except  those 
you  have  mentioned,  in  payment  for  property  f — A.  Thei«  are  $  1 ,500,000 
of  bonds  on  our  New  York  building.  They  were  sold  for  money,  but  the 
money  was  applied  to  the  building. 

Q.  How  much  cash  has  been  received  into  the  Western  Union  treas- 
ury from  its  organization  to  the  present  time  on  ac<*x)unt  of  ^ubscrip• 
tions  to  capital  stock  f — A.  I  do  not  know  anything  about  that.  There 
has  been  no  stock  sold  b}'  subscription  since  1  have  been  connected  with 
the  company. 

Q.  Are  you  aware  of  the  facts  back  of  that  time! — A.  No,  sir;  1 
know  nothing  of  the  original  organization.  The  cash  that  has  been 
received  into  the  treasury  since  1866  is  shown  in  our  annual  reports^ 
and  what  disposition  was  made  of  it  is  shown  by  the  same  reports. 
As  our  company  was  an  organization  of  a  lot  of  telegraph  companies,  all 
being  entitled  to  so  much  stock  for  their  properties,  it  seems  to  me  it 
might  be  a  company  owning  very  valuable  proi>erty,  although  it  never 
had  a  dollar  of  money  paid  for  its  stock. 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  has  requested  you  to  furnish  copies 
of  all  the  contracts  with  press  associations  since  1865. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  would  be  glad  if  jou  would  include  in 
that  question  all  other  questions  which  call  for  copies  of  contracts. 

The  Chairman.  Copies  of  contracts  with  railroad  companies  are  also 
called  for. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Contracts  with  railroad  companies  and  cable  companies. 

The  Chairman.  Yes.' 

The  Witness.  I  indicated  on  yesterday,  Mr.  Chairman,  what  ray  po- 
sition would  be  on  those  questions.  1  have  furnished  the  committee  a 
copy  of  the  Associated  Ptess  contract,  which  I  said  was  assented 
to  by  the  Associated  Press  because  there  had  been  so  much  misrepre- 
sentation about  our  giving  to  the  Associated  Press  any  peculiar  prefer- 
ential advantages.  They  consented  to  publish  that  contract  in  order  to 
dissipate  that  impression.  As  that  contract  refers  to  other  contracts,  I 
have  said  to  the  committee  that  if  I  can  get  the  assent  of  my  company 
and  of  the  Western  Associated  Press,  I  would  furnish  the  other  con- 
tracts to  which  that  contract  refers.  I  hope  to  Iw  relieved  from  any 
pressure  to  furnish  any  additional  contracts.  My  counsel  will  read  my 
response. 

The  Chairman.  I  do  not  think  we  want  to  hear  any  argument  on 
that  subject. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  I  do  not  want  to  make  any  argument,  but  just  to  put 
the  matter  on  record. 

The  Chairman.  If  there  is  any  statement  that  Dr.  Green  wishes  to 
make  in  connection  with  his  refusal  to  furnish  copies  of  these  contracts 
it  may  go  on  file  and  be  made 'part  of  the  record. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  I  simply  want  to  read  it,  that  yon  may  understand  its 
purport. 

The  Chairman.  Is  it  brief! 

Mr.  GwiNN.  It  is  very  brief. 

The  Chairman.  If  it  is  brief  we  will  hear  it,  although,  of  coarse,  this 
committee  cannot  decide  whether  the  Senate  has  a  right  to  call  for 
these  contracts. 


Mr.  GwiNN.  I  bave  recognized  that  fact.    I  will  read  the  paper: 

To  the  Chaimiao  of  the  Suboomroittee  of  the  Senate  on  Poet-Offices  and  Post  Roads : 

The  witness  deHires  that  the  qaestions  nnmbercd  27,  35,  and  36,  addrensed  to  him  as 
a  witness,  reqniriu^  him  to  give  to  the  subcommittee  copies  of  the  contracts  made  by 
the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  with  the  railroad  companies  therein  referred  to^ 
and  with  prens  associations,  and  with  certain  cable  companies,  be  referred  to  the  whole 
Committee  on  Post-Offices  and  Post-Road-,  that  naid  whole  couimittee  may  determine 
wh»ther  the  witness  ought  to  be  required  to  furnish  said  copies. 

The  witness,  acting  under  the  advice  of  counsel,  submits  the  following  reasons  for 
his  detsire  that  said  questions  should  be  considered,  after  argument,  by  said  full  com- 
mittee: 

The  particular  questions  tend  only  to  the  discover^'  of  the  contents  of  contracts 
mrde  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  in  the  conduct  of  its  private  busi- 
ness.    (Kilbouru  r«.  Thompson,  103  U.  S.  Reports,  195.) 

It  is  not  preteuded  that  any  ooe  of  these  contracts  contravened  any  provision  of  tho 
act  of  Congress  of  July  24,  le66,  or  any  other  law  of  the  Uniled  States,  or  even  that 
any  one  of  such  contracts  exceed'  d  the  corporate  powers  of  said  company  as  a  body 
duly  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  ot  New  York,  and  transsicting,  by 
comity,  corporate  business,  in  other  States  of  the  Union. 

This  being  the  case,  the  witness  respectfully  submits  that  these  contracts  constitute 
a  part  of  the  private  business  of  said  company,  and  that  neither  this  subcommittee 
nor  the  whole  committee,  nor  the  Senate,  has  the  rightful  power  to  require  the  wit- 
ness to  produce  said  contracts,  as  he  is  by  said  questions  required  to  do,  even  if  the 
witness  was  able  to  comply  with  such  requirement,  and  the  same  was  insisted  upon. 
(Kilbourn  r«.  Thompson,  103  U.  S.,  196) 

The  witness  has  (Kilbourn  r«.  Thompsou,  103  U.  S.,  19'>)  voluntarily  chosen  to  tell 
the  subcommittee  all  matters  within  his  personal  knowledge  concerning  which  the 
subcommittee  has  been  pleased  to  inquire. 

He  submits  that,  for  the  reasons  already  given,  he  ought,  not  to  be  asked  to  exceed 
the  limit  which  has  been  reached. 

If  the  inquiries  proposed,  however,  and  the  requirements  made  of  him  were  insisted 
upon,  he  is  advised  by  counsel  that  he  would  not  be  able  to  comply  with  the  request 
because  the  contract,  copies  of  which  he  is  required  to  produce,  are  not  in  his  custody 
or  control,  and  the  same  cannot  be  removed  from  the  custody  of  the  particular  officer 
in  whose  charge  they  are,  or  copied,  without  tbe  order  of  th^  board  of  directors,  or 
the  executive  committee,  made  in  pursuance  of  their  own  authority,  or  of  some  law- 
ful reouirement,  nor  could  said  contracts  be  properly  produced  without  the  consent  of 
the  other  parties  to  said  respective  contracts. 

NORVIN  GREEN. 

Wabhington,  Fehruary  26,  1884. 

The  Witness.  I  have  interliDcd  after  "  board  of  directors''  "or  ex- 
ecutive committee."  Under  our  organization,  the  executive  committee 
have  all  the  |>owers  of  the  board  in  the  absence  of  the  board. 

Q.  Is  the  Western  Union  Company  a  private  corporation  in  the  same 
sense  that  this  realentate  pool  was  which  was  in  court  at  that  timef — 
A.  It  is  a  "i>er8on''  according;  to  the 

Mr.  GwiNN.  As  that  is  a  legal  question,  I  will  answer  that  it  is. 

The  Witness.  I  also  desire  to  present  the  opinion  upon  which  I  have 
acted  here.  It  is  the  opinion  of  Judge  Dillon  and  General  Swayne^ 
substantially  to  the  same  purport.  In  the  conclusion  to  that  opinloD 
they  advise  me: 

No  distinction  exists  in  this  regard  between  the  rights  of  a  natural  and  a  corporate 
person.  ^ 

Shall  I  file  this  opinion  as  a  part  of  my  remarks  f 
The  Chairman.  You  may. 

The  Witness.  I  will  not  trouble  the  committee  to  hear  it 
The  opinion  is  as  follows : 

(John  F.  DiUon,  Wager  Swajne. — Dillon  A,  Swimie,  attorneys  and  ooanMlors  at  law,  106  Broadway^ 

West  em  Union  building.]  • 

New  York,  February  23,  1884. 

Dear  Sir:  You  have  shown  to  us  as  coanselof  the  company  a  Senate  resolution,  in 
which  you  are  required  to  appear  and  testify  as  a  witness,     lou  have  also  shown  oa 


234  TESTIMONY    OF    NORVIN    GREKX. 

a  paper  containing  an  ennmeratiou  of  thirty-Beven  subjects  on  which  the  ccmmitir* 
<le8ire8  information,  and  npon  which  questions  will  be  nskcd,  and  among  tbeui  on« 
Tequiiing*yo"  *o  furnish  copies  of  contracts  between  yonr  company  and  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad  Company,  and  other  enumerated  railroad  companies,  and  also  on* 
requiring  you  to  furnish  copies  of  contract-s  with  press  associations  sincu  I8G5.  You 
inquire  whether  it  is  your  duty  to  fiimish  such  copies.  After  a  careful  scrutiny  of  tb« 
Senate  resolution  we  discover  no  satisfactory  evidence  therein  that  it  was  intended 
to  authorize  the  committee  to  go  so  far  as  to  require  the  production  of  the  private 
•contracts  of  the  Western  Union  Company  of  the  character  specified,  and  more  es- 
pecially as  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  has  decided,  upon  careful  consid- 
eration, in  the  well  known  case  of  Eilbourn  r.  Thompson,  ''Thut  neither  House  of 
Congress,"  nor  any  committee  appointed  by  it,  **  possesses  the  general  power  of  mak- 
ing inquiry  into  the  private  afiairs  of  the  citizen.''  No  distinction  exists  in  this  re- 
gard between  the  rights  of  a  natural  and  a  corporate  person. 
Very  truly,  yours, 

DILLON  &  8WAYNE. 
Dr.  NoRViN  Green, 

Preaident  Wt9Um  Union  Telegraph  Company, 

The  Chairman.  In  the  Ktlbourn  and  Thompson  case  it  was  asked 
by  the  court,  if  I  remember  rightly,  whether  this  real  estate  pool  was  a 
corporation  none  of  whose  powers  Congress  could  repeal  t 

Mr.  GwiNN.  I  have  the  case  here. 

The  Chairman.  We  do  not  care  to  go  into  it  fully,  because  as  I  said 
before,  the  committee  cannot  make  any  decision  in  the  premises. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  So  I  understood,  as  you  will  perceive  by  the  terms  of 
the  answer. 

The  Chairman.  I  think  it  is  unnecessary  to  discuss  the  matter.  I 
merely  make  the  demand  upon  Mr.  Green  to  furnish  copies  of  these 
<^ntracts,  which  demand  my  duty  requires  me  to. make,  and  Mr.  Greea 
declines  to  furnish  them. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Witness.  I  wish  to  say  to  the  ch.airman  that  I  will  answer  any 
questions  as  to  the  general  features  and  provisions  of  those  contracts 
within  my  knowledge. 

.  Q.  [Exhibiting  paper.]  Here  is  a  copy  of  a  contract  which  was  made 
a  part  of  the  court  records  in  the  case  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  againstthe  Western  and  Atlantic  Kailroad  Company.  Is  this 
substantially  the  same  as  all  of  your  railroad  contracts  f— A.  I  think 
not,  sir.  I  have  here  this  morning  by  telegraph  from  Mr.  Van  Horn^ 
who  has  charge  of  all  our  contract  relations,  our  standard  form  of  con- 
tract. In  a  very  large  number  of  instances,  this  i^ntract  is  our  railroad 
contract.  In  a  great  many  instances  it  is  varied  so  as  to  be  either  bet- 
ter or  worse  for  the  company ;  that  is,  a  little  more  onerous  terms'are 
sometimes  submitted  to  by  the  company,  and  a  little  better  terms  artt 
sometimes  obtained  than  we  generally  get,  especially  on  unimportant 
Toa^ls,  as,  for  instance,  on  a  road  running  from  Pensacola  to  Jackson- 
ville, in  Florida,  where  there  is  not  likely  to  be  :«ny  telegraphic  busi- 
ness worth  mentioning.  On  an  important'  cross-line  of  telegraph  like 
that  we  expect  the  railroad  company  to  bear  some  part  of  the  expense 
of  constructing  the  line,  as  it  is  a  great  deal  more  for  their  benefit  than 
for  ours. 

The  Chaibman.  I  would  like  to  read  one  section  of  this  contract, 
which  was  put  into  the  records  of  the  court  at  the  time  this  case  wa« 
tried,  and  then  ask  you  a  question  in  regard  to  it. 

That  the  party  of  the  first  part  shaU  have  perpetual  right  of  way  to  erect  and  mafn- 
tain  telegraph  lines  along  said  railroad  of  as  many  wires  as  may  be  necesAary  to  its 
hutfiuess,  and  additional  lines  of  poles  whenever  the  said  party  in  the  first  part  shaU 
so  elect,  and  exclusive  right  of  way  so  far  as  the  said  party  of  the  second  part  [that 
is,  the  railroad  company')  has  the  power  to  grant  or  secure  the  same;  and  said  party 


TESTIMONY    OF    NORVIN    GREKN  235 

of  the  second  pari,  if  it  has  the  right  and  power  to  refuse,  will  not  transport  poles, 
wires,  or  other  material,  for  any  other  tele^^raph  company  at  less  than  full  rates  of 
freight  thereon,  nor  distribute  or  unload  the  same  at  other  than  iho  regular  railroad 
stations  of  said  road,  and  sliould  a  competing  line  of  telegraph  be  esfablisbod  on  said 
railroad,  then  the  party  of  the  tirst  part  shall  be  released  from  its  stipulation  to 
trasmit  free  of  charge  auy  business  of  said  railroad  company  otf  or  beyoud  its  line  of 
road. 

Q.  Is  that  a  provision  cdmmoii  to  all  these  railroad  contractsf — A. 
Excepting  the  last  clause  yoa  read,  it  is  a  provision  common  to  most 
of  them.  That  last  clause  to  the  effect  that  we  shall  be  relieved  from 
performing  our  part  of  the  contract  is  novel.  I  should  not  have  remem- 
bered it  as  being  in  auy  contract,  except  that  I  see  ii  there.  But  as  to 
the  clause  in  which  they  guarantee  us  an  exclusive  right  of  way  so  far 
as  the  railroad  company  has  power  to  maintain  that  position,  and  that 
they  will  not  afford  accommodation  to  competing  lines  by  distributing 
their  poles  along  the  road  other  than  they  are  bound  to  do  at  regular 
stations,  those  two  clauses  are  very  common  features  in  our  contracts. 

Q.  You  generally  require  that  there  shall  be  a  provision  by  which  the 
railroad  company  binds  itself  not  to  distribute  material  for  any  com- 
peting company  unless  it  does  it  at  full  rates. — A.  That  is  a  feature  io 
the  majority  of  our  contracts. 

Q.  And  then  only  at  stations. — A.  Tes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  I  think  this  contract  had  better  be  made  a  part  of 
the  record.  In  this  case  the  railroad  company  paid  the  telegraph  com- 
pany for  the  cost  of  one  wire,  of  which  they  were  to  have  the  exclusive 
use,  and  the  question  in  the  case  was  whether,  under  the  contract,  the 
property  in  the  wire  passed  to  the  railroad  company.  The  Supreme 
Court  held  that  it  did  not,  and  compelled  the  latter  to  account  to  the 
telegraph  company  for  receipts  on  commercial  business.  We  will  let 
this  paper  go  in  in  connection  with  this  examination. 

The  Witness.  We  have  no  objection. 

The  paper  is  as  follows : 

In  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States^  Oct.  term,  1875. 


W.  U.  Tel.  Co. 
Western  and  Atlantic  R 


.  R.  Co.  ) 


f  Extract  from  record.    Exhibit  A.] 


Articles  of  agreement  made  and  entered  into  by  and  between  the  Western  Uni 
Telegraph  Co.,  a  corporation  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  as  party  of 
the  first  part,  and  the  Western  and  Atlantic  Railroad  Company,  a  corporation  under 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  Georgia,  as  party  of  the  second  part,  witnesseth  : 

That  in  order  to  provide  better  facilities  for  the  party  of  the  second  part,  and  to  a 
better  understanding  of  the  terms  on  which  the  party  of  the  tirst  part  shall  occupy 
the  line  of  railroad  of  the  party  of  the  second  part  with  the  line  or  lines  of  telegrapk 
wires  belonging  to  the  party  of  the  iirst  part,  and  to  permanently  settle  and  define 
the  business  relations  between  the  respective  parties  hereto,  it  is  mutually  contracted 
and  agreed,  in  consideration  of  the  respective  obligations  herein  assumed,  as  fol- 
lows, to  wit : 

The  party  of  the  first  part  agrees :  First.  To  set  apart  on  its  line  of  poles  along  said 
railroad,  a  telegraph  wire  for  the  exclusivie  use  of  said  party  of  the  second  part. 

Second.  To  equip  said  line  of  wire  with  as  many  instruments,  batteries,  and  other 
necessary  fixtures  as  said  part^  of  the  second  part  may  require  for  use  in  its  railroad 
stntions,  and  to  put  the  same  m  complete  working  onter. 

Third.  To  run  said  wire  into  all  the  offices  of  said  party  of  the  first  part  along  the 
line  of  said  railroad. 

Fourth.  To  have  said  wire  set  apart  for  the  exclusive  use  of  said  railroad  companf 
in  the  transmission  of  messages  on  the  business  of  said  railroad  on  and  along  the  line 
thereof;  and  all  messages  originating  at  auy  point  on  said  road,  whether  sent  from  or 


236  TESTIMONY   OF   NORVIN    GREEN. 

received  at  the  stations  of  said  party  of  tbe  second  part  or  the  8tatioD8X)f  said  party 
of  the  first  part,  on  said  road,  shall  be  tranAroitted  and  delivered  fm^  (»f  charge. 

Fifth.  When  the  wire  set  apart  to  said  railroad  coiiipany  shall  not  be  iu  w<  rkiog 
order,  to  transmit  free  of  charge  over  other  wires  of  said  telegraph  company  the 
messages  of  the  officers  and  agents  of  the  party  of  the  second  part  on  the  hnsinessof 
•aid  railroad  company,  between  points  on  said  road  where  said  telegraph  couipaoj 
may  have  statiouH,  giving  precedence  to  messages  relating  to  th»  luovenienr  of  trains 
over  any  commercial  or  paid  niCfUiages,  so  far  asthe  statutes  of  the  S  ate  or  the  United 
States  may  allow  snch  precedence. 

Sixth.  To  furnish  such  principal  officers  and  agents  of  the  party  of  the  second  part 
as  •  ay  be  designated,  by  application  in  writing,  of  the  general  superintendent  ot  said 
railroad  company,  with  annual  franks  or  passes  entitHng  them  to  send  messagcN  free 
over  all  the  lines  of  the  party  of  the  first  part:  Prarided,  Aoweter,  That  said  party  of 
the  first  part  shall  be  entitled  to  charge  up  and  keep  account  of  all  snch  messages 
transmitted  to  or  from  any  point  off  the  line  of  said  road  of  the  second  part,  at  its 
nsual  rates  for  the  transmission  of  commercial  messages,  and  for  all  of  such  account 
above  the  amount  of  $200  in  any  one  month  said  party  of  the  second  part  shall  pay 
one-half  thereof,  being  half-rates  for  all  the  buHtness  done  over  the  lines  of  the  said 
party  of  the  first  part  above  the  said  sum  of  |200  per  month,  or  in  any  one  uiooth; 
and  the  part  If  of  Ike  second  part>y  in  consideration  of,  and  agreeing  to  all  the  foregoing, 
further  covenants — 

First.  That  the  party  of  the  first  part  shall  have  perpetual  right  of  way  to  erect 
and  maintain  telegraph  lines  along  said  railroad  of  as  many  wires  na  it  may  deem  nec- 
essary to  its  business,  and  additional  lines  of  pole«  whenever  the  said  party  of  the  first 
part  shall  so  elect,  and  exclusive  right  of  way  so  far  as  the  said  party  of  the  second 
part  has  the  power  to  grant  or  secure  the  same ;  and  said  party  of  the  second  part,  if 
It  has  the  rignt  and  power  to  refuse,  will  not  transport  poles,  wire,  or  other  material 
for  any  other  telegraph  company  at  less  than  full  rates  of  freight  thereon,  nor  dis 
tribute  or  unload  the  same  at  other  than  the  regular  railroad  stations  of  said  road,  and 
should  a  competing  line  of  telegraph  be  established  along  said  railroad,  then  the  |»arty 
of  the  first  part  shall  be  released  from  its  stipulation  to  transmit  free  of  cha*ge  any 
business  of  said  railroad  company  oS'or  beyond  its  line  of  road. 

Second.  To  transport  for  said  party  of  the  first  part,  free  of  charge,  all  |»oleA,  wire, 
and  other  material  required  by  said  party  of  the  first  part  for  the  construction,  recnn- 
struction,  repairs,  or  maintenance  and  operation  of  its  lines,  and  distribute  at  the 
places  required  such  poles,  wire,  and  other  heavy  material  as  may  be  needed  along 
the  line  of  said  railroad,  either  in  the  construction  of  additional  lines  or  in  the  repair 
of  the  same  and  of  existing  lines. 

Third.  To  transport  in  any  of  ita  passenger  trains  the  officers  and  agents  of  the 
party  of  the  first  part,  and  put  tbeui  off  at  any  station  on  said  road,  or  at  any  dis- 
covered break  of  the  telegraph  wires,  such  officers  or  agents  presenting  franks  or 
passes,  which  shall  be  supplied  at  any  ticket  office  of  said  party  of  the  second  part, 
on  the  application  of  a  supeiintendent  of  the  party  of  the  first  part. 

Fourth.  To  maintain  all  such  telegraph  stations  as  may  be  opened  by  or  for  the  use 
and  benefit  of  said  railroad  company,  at  the  exclusive  cost  of  the  party  of  the  second 
part,  to  appoint  its  own  operators  thereat,  but  to  retain  no  operator  who  lefuses  or 
persistently  neglects  to  obey  the  rules  and  regulations  of  said  party  of  the  first  i»art. 

Fifth.  To  receive  for  transmission  and  send  over  the  wires,  and  deliver  to  address,  at 
the  railroad  telegraph  offices  in  town  or  at  stations  where  the  party  of  the  first  part  may 
have  no  offices,  all  commercial  or  other  messages,  paid  or  to  be  collected,  that  may 
be  offered  under  the  rules  of  said  party  of  the  first  part>,  and  make  monthly  reports 
thereof,  and  pay  over  monthly  to  said  party  of  the  first  part  all  the  tolls  collected 
thereon ;  and  to  cause  the  operators  and  agenta  of  said  party  of  tbe  second  part  to 
observe  all  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  party  of  th«i  first  part  with  reapect  to  the 
monthly  reporta  of  business  and  payment  of  all  receipts  thereon,  and  the  regular 
rates  of  toll  shall  accrue  to  the  partyof  the  first  part  on  any  and  all  business  received 
at  or  transmitted  from  the  telefp'aph  stations  ^f  tbe  said  party  of  the  second  part,  ex- 
cept the  legitimate  railroad  messages  of  the  said  party  of  the  second  part. 

Sixth.  To  pay  to  said  party  of  the  first  part  the  cost  of  constructing  the  wire  herein 
designated  and  set  apart  to  the  exclusive  use  of  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and 
the  cost  of  equipping  the  same  at  the  railroad  stations  not  already  saDplied  with  in- 
struments, batteries,  and  other  necessary  fixtures,  as  soon  as  the  cost  thereof  can  be 
ascertained. 

In  witness  whereof  the  parties  hereto  have  by  their  proper  officers  and  under  their 
corporate  seals  duly  executed  this  agreemeut  this  l6th  day  of  August,  1870. 

THB  Western  Union  Tklkgraph  Compant, 

[L.  8.]  By  WILLIAM  ORTON,  Freaid^t. 

Attest: 

GEORGE  WALKKR,  Se&jf  pro  tern, 

Thk  Wkstkkn  ani>  Atlantic  Railroai), 

[l.  8.]  By  FOSTER  BLODGETT,  Hupt.  W.  4- A.  B,  & 


TESTIB10^Y    OF   NOBVIN    GREKN  237 

It  apfveare  from  tbe  recor«1  (p.  15)  that  tbiH  wire  wan  140  miles  hmfi  and  was  charged 
to  tbe  B.  K.  Co.  by  the  W.  U.  Co..  at  |6,97H.44~le8S  than  f:>0  per  mile. 

The  queMtioD  in  this  ca8e  was  whether,  under  above  contract,  tbe  property  in  the 
wire  passed  to  the  R.  R.  Co.  The  Supreme  Court  held  tha^  it  did  not,  and  compelled 
tbe  latter  to  account  with  tbe  Tel.  Co.  for  receipts  on  commercial  business.  (See  also 
contract  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.  with.  Pensacola  and  Louisville  R.  R.  Co.  at  page  41  of  ri'cord 
in  8np.  Ct.,  in  Penaacola  Tel.  Co.  r».  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  Oct.  term,  1877.) 

Q.  We  have  asked  you  for  copies  of  the  official  reports  of  your  com- 
pany since  1865.  What  is  the  answer  as  to  them  f^-A.  I  laid  on  your 
table  yesterday  all  I  had. 

•  Q.  What  years  are  not  included  t — A.  There  was  no  printed  report 
made  previous  to  1873,  except  the  one  in  1869,  of  ivhich  1  think  Mr.  Hub- 
bard furnished  yon  a  copy.  I  have  given  you  the  reports  from  1873  to 
1883,  inclusive. 

Q.  Doe^  not  the  law  of  the  State  of  New  York  under  which  yon  are 
incorporated  require  yon  to  make  an  annual  report  t — A.  I  do  not  know 
whether  it  does  or  not.    We  are  making  annual  reports. 

Q.  When  yon  omitted  during  these  years  to  make  annual  reports,  was 
it  in  violation  of  the  laws  of  the  State  t — A.  I  cannot  say.  I  was  not 
present  then.  I  know  that  only  one  report  was  printed  previous  to  1873. 
It  is  very  likely  there  were  reports  made  to  the  board  each  year,  or  to 
the  stockholders. 

Q.  Is  it  not  very  a  unusual  thing  for  a  company  of  such  imiK)rtance 
to  pass  a  year  or  several  years  without  making  an  annual  report  t — A.  I 
do  not  know  that  the  New  York  Central  has  ever  made  an  annual  re- 
port.   I  have  never  seen  one. 

The  Chairman.  I  cannot  believe  it  is  possible. 

The  Witness.  1  do  not  suppose  many  railroads  stopped  to  make  an- 
nual reports  during  the  war. 

The  Chairman.  There  was  nothing  in  the  war  that  would  have  pre- 
vented your  company  ^m  complying  with  the  requirements  of  the 
statute  of  the  State  of  New  York  which  required  an  annual  report. 

The  Witness.  I  do  not  know  whether  the  statute  requires  it,  and  I 
do  not  know  how  old  the  statute  is,  if  there  is  such  a  statute.  It  may 
have  been  that  it  was  in  compliance  with  that  statute  that  the  company 
commenced  to  make  annual  reports. 

Q.  For  what  years  has  your  company  omitted  to  make  annual  re- 
ports !*— A.  My  connection  with  the  company  began  in  1866,  when  it 
was  moved  to  New  York.  The  company  was  previously  located  at  Ro- 
chester, N.  Y.  When  the  headquarters  were  moved  to  New  York  City, 
in  1866, 1  became  a  vice-president,  after  the  American  Union  Company 
had  been  absorbed,  and  the  first  annual  meeting  thereafter  was  in  1867. 
The  company  was  making  very  small  dividends,  1^  per  cent.,  and  was 
a  small  affair  compared  with  what  it  is  now.  The  next  was  in  1868,  and 
the  next  in  1869,  when  Mr.  i.rton  had  l>ecome  president. 

Q.  What  was  its  capital  then  f — A.  Forty -one  millions. 

The  Chairman.  Then  it  was  iiot  a  very  small  affair  alter  allf 

The  Witness.  It  had  about  one-fifth  the  property  it  has  now. 

The  Chairman.  Yet  it  had  a  paid  up  capital  of  $41,000,000  at  that 
timet 

The  Witness.  With  a  capital  of  $41,000,000  they  had  one-fift;h  the 
material  property  now  owned  by  the  company.  Indeed,  the  company 
had  not  that  much  in  1866.  In  1867  the  first  account  of  its  property 
was  taken  carefully,  and  then  it  had  37,000  miles  of  poles  and  75,000 
miles  of  wire. 

The  Chairman.  You  have  not  yet  answered  my  question  as  to  the 
years  in  which  the  omissions  of  rcjiorts  were  made. 


if38  TLSTIMONY    OF    NORVJN    GRLEX. 

Tbe  Witness.  1  was  annweriug  that  questiou.  I  said  there  wais  i;o 
report  in  1867  or  1808,  that  there  was  a  report  made  and  printed  in 
1869,  and  that  there  was  no  report  printed  after  1869  nntH  1873. 

Q.  Was  there  a  report  in  1866 f — A.  No,  sir;  1806  was  the  time  of 
my  (X)nnection  with  the  company. 

Q.  There  was  no  repoit  made  then? — A.  No,  sir.  In  1309  Commo- 
dore Yanderbilt  and  his  friends  came  in.  Horace  Clark,  formerly  a 
member  of  Congress,  and  Mr.  Schell,and  a  number  of  leading  men  «ime 
into  the  company  and  organized  an  executive  committee,  suspended 
dividends,  and  intro<luced  some  new  features.  I  went  away  and  became 
president  of  a  railroad,  and,  although  they  did  not  accept  my  resigna- 
tion as  vice-president,  1  had  very  little  to  do  with  the  company  for  three 
or  four  years.  I  went  back  to  active  service  in  the  company  in  Janu- 
ary, 1873,  and  in  October  of  that  year  commenced  the  series  of  printnl 
annual  reports  which  1  have  given  you. 

Q.  I  think  with  regard  to  a  question  that  I  i)ro|>osed  yesterday  as  to 
the  expenses  of  the  comi)any  for  ojwrators,  you  did  not  directly  answer. 
It  occurs  next  on  the  list  of  questions  submitted  to  you,  and  1  v  ill 
call  up  that  subject  again.  What  was  the  amount  expendeil  for  opera- 
tors, construction,  and  the  incidental  expenses  during  the  last  fiscal 
year  f — A.  I  gave  you  the  amount  paid  in  salaries,  and  1  said  that  that 
embraced  the  salaries  of  operators,  except  as  to  the  executive  officers. 

Q.  I  would  like  to  have  you,  if  you  can,  in  explicit  terms,  answer  as  to 
the  exiwnses  of  the  company  for  thne  items— operators,  construction, 
an<l  incidental  expenses  for  the  last  fiscal  year. — A.  Construction  is  just 
what  1  have  not  got. 

The  Chairman.  If  you  haven't  it,  we  nred  not  lose  any  time  on  it. 

The  Witness.  1  will  explain  to  the  chairman  why  I  have  not  got  \t 
Construction  is  an  expenditure  out  of  tie  profits.  What  I  have  got  is 
expenditures  that  are  charged  to  current  expenses.  All  constrnction 
and  acquisition  of  new  property  is  charged  as  an  investment  and  not  to 
current  expenses.  The  salary  list  according  to  my  best  information  at 
present  embraces  nothing  but  operators,  except  the  executive  officers. 
As  to  the  amounts  paid  to  lawyers,  that  is  a  charge  to  legal  expenses. 
There  are  some  annual  retainers  paid  to  counsel. 

Q.  Can  you  state  what  items  would  be  covered  in  the  incidental  ex- 
])enses  of  the  company  ! — A.  I  see  an  item  of  miscellaneous  expenses 
amounting  to  $219,749. 

Q.  That  covers  all  you  would  include  as  incidental  expenses! — A. 
Yes,  sir.  I  think  that  is  much  larger  than  usual,  and  chiefly  due  to  the 
strike. 

Q.  The  next  question  relates  to  the  subject  of  franks.  •  We  have  bail 
that  up  before,  but  I  neglected  to  ask  one  or  two  questions.  What  is 
the  value  of  franks  issued  by  your  company  exclusive  of  those  that  are 
issued  for  business  purposes  t — A.  1  could  not  tell  you  that,  sir.  We 
do  not  keep  them  separately. 

Q.  One  class  of  franks  you  consider  as  in  part  payment  for  certain 
services  rendered  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  And  the  other  is  complimentary  t — A.  The  other  is  purely  com- 
plimentary. 

Q.  You  do  not  keep  them  separate! — A.  We  do  not  keep  them  sep- 
arate, because  they  are  for  the  most  part  the  same  thing.  That  is  to 
say,  tbe  presidents  and  superintendents  of  railroad  companies,  transpor- 
tation companies,  and  parties  that  we  h.ive  largo  dealings  with  use  these 
personal  fninks  more  than  anybody  else.  We  give  them  personal  com- 
plimentary franks,  as  1  said,  that  cover  their  family  and  social  messages. 


TESTIMONY  OF  NORVIN  GREEN.  239 

Q.  The  Dext  question  relates  to  tbe  annual  receipts  for  messages  siuco 
1865. — A.  I  have  not  {?ot  that,  sir.  Until  the  last  three  or  four  years 
that  amount  is  substantially  embraced  in  our  reports ;  that  is  to  say^ 
until  the  last  three  or  four  years  all  our  receipts  except  some  rent  from 
offices  in  our  buiklinpcs  at  New  York  and  Buffalo  were  for  thetransmis- 
Bion  of  messages.  Within  the  last  three  or  four  years  we  have  had  largo 
telephone  interests,  and  within  the  last  two  years  we  have  had  the  gold 
and  stock  business,  and  have  leiised  a  good  many  lines.  We  had  not 
any  considerable  number  of  leased  lines  until  the  last  few  years.  There- 
fore there  come  into  our  revenues  elements  that  amount  to  very  consid- 
erable, that  are  not  derived  from  the  transmission  of  messages. 

Q.  The  object  of  the  question  is  to  ascertain  what  you  have  received 
for  messages  alone.  You  say  you  have  not  the  figures.  Can  you  state 
the  amount  received  for  messages  alone  for  the  last  fiscal  year! — A.  I 
stated  it  yesterday  at  sixteen  million  two  hundred  and  some  odd  thou- 
sand dollars. 

Mr.  Chairman,  I  am  just  in  receipt  of  a  message  from  William  Henry 
Smith,  general  a»ent  of  the  New  York  and  Western  Associated  Press^ 
in  respect  to  my  testimony  as  reported  yesterday,  and  another  and  sep- 
arate message  requesting  me  to  lay  his  telegram  before  the  co'nmittee. 
Will  the  committee  receive  it  f 

The  Chairman.  I  think  we  will  have  Mr.  Smith  ap}>ear  before  the 
committee,  and  that  will  be  better  than  the  teVegram. 

The  Witness.  I  have  not  read  the  telegram,  and  do  not  know  what 
it  is. 

The  Chairman.  It  is  outside  of  anything  we  are  inquiring  about  now. 
It  is  the  intention  of  the  committee  to  call  upon  Mr.  Smith  to  appear 
before  the  committee. 

The  Witness.  Then  I  will  let  him  know  that  you  will  do  that  rather 
than  receive  his  written  statement. 

Tbe  Chairman.  Now,  as  to  the  annnal  receipts  from  the  Gold  and 
Stock  Telegraph  Company  from  cables,  the  International  Ocean  Tele-- 
graph  Company  from  leased  lines  and  other  sources  than  messages,  and 
the  annual  operating  expenses  of  each  of  these  properties! — A.  The  an- 
nual receipts  from  other  sources  are  the  diflerence  between  sixteen 
million  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  and  nineteen  million  and  some- 
thing. 

Q.  Can  you  give  us  separately  the  receipts  from  the  Gold  and  Stock 
Telegraph  f — A.  I  do  not  think  I  should  be  called  upon  to  do  that,  Mr. 
Chairman.  I  am  not  authorized  to  publish  all  our  business  in  detail. 
As  it  seems  to  me  it  is  more  for  outside  use  than  for  this  couAnittee ; 
that  is,  it  would  be  very  much  more  used  outside  than  by  this  committee. 

The  Chairman.  It  is  all  relevant. 

The  Witness.  I  have  given  you  our  revenues  from  telegraph  service. 
It  seems  to  me  that  is  all  this  c(Hnmittee  are  interested  in.  The  receipts, 
from  other  sources  are  the  difference  between  that  and  the  iiggregute. 

The  Chairman.  Our  object  is  to  a^icertain  as  near  as  possible  llie  cost 
to  your  company  of  sending  messages  under  the  existing  state  of  things; 
and  while  you  might  say  that  the  matter  of  receipts  from  these  other 
companies  is  not  particularly  important  in  that  connection,  j'et  we  do 
not  know  what  projwrtion  of  the  expenses  of  the  Western  Union  is  in- 
curred by  reason  of  supporting  them. 

The  Witness.  That  is  a  legitimate  inquiry.  I  do  not  think  the  par- 
ticular business  of  the  Gold  and  Stock  or  of  the  telephones  is  involved  in 
this  inquiry.  I  do  not  want  to  develop  to  this  committee  that  the  tele- 
phones are  making  tenfold  more  profit  from  the  capital  invested  than 


240  TESTIMONY    OF   NORVIN   GREEN 

the  telegraph.    I  am  afraid  my  frieDd  Hubbard's  movement  would  be  a 
boomerau|>;  and  turn  around  and  strike  the  telephone  pro|>ertie8. 

The  Chairman.  On  what  I  know  of  the  business,  I  would  very  much 
rather  take  the  earnings  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  on 
their  capital  invested  than  that  of  the  telephone  company. 

The  Witness.  You  would  make  a  great  mistake. 

The  Chairman.  As  far  as  we  can  learn  from  the  witnesses  we  have 
bad  here  we  cannot  find  that  there  was  ever  any  money  invested  in  the 
Western  Union. 

The  Witness.  The  court  of  appeals  of  New  York  foniid  that  there 
was  more  than  $15,576,000  invested  in  new  property  since  1866. 

The  Chairman.  How  was  it  paid  for  I 

The  Witness.  The  proposition  that  because  we  take  our  earnings  and 
put  it  into  new  property  therefore  it  does  not  belong  to  us  seems  to  me 
to  be  too  ridiculous  for  anything,  if  a  manufacturer  starts  a  mill  oos^ 
ing  $50,000,  and  afterward,  because  of  his  success,  improves  that  mill 
and  enlarges  it  until  it  is  worth  $1,000,000, 1  would  like  to  know  whether 
that  mill  belongs  to  the  people  because  he  has  made  the  money  out  of  it. 

The  Chairman.  You  made  reference  to  the  amount  of  money  invested 
in  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  If  there  ever  was  any 
money  invested  in  it  we  have  not  been  able  to  find  it  out.  The  com- 
pany has  acquired  a  great  deal  of  property,  but  not  by  the  investment 
of  money. 

The  Witness.  But  money  was  invested  in  the  properties  acquired. 

The  Chairman.  Not  by  the  Western  Union  Company. 

The  Witness.  The  stocks  belonging  to  the  Western  fnion  Company 
that  they  have  purchased  from  other  companies  and  given  their  stock 
for  amounts  to  more  in  dollars  and  cents  than  all  of  the  stock  they  have 
got  outstanding.  The  Westeni  Union  Company  is  a  combination  of  all 
the  telegraph  enterprise  in  the  country,  or  rather  was,  for  the  last  thirty 
years  and  until  very  recently.  All  the  money  that  has  been  spent  in 
every  quarter,  by  every  organization,  has  been  gathered  together  in  this 
combination,  with  the  exception  of  the  oppositions  that  have  been  started 
within  the  last  few  years. 

Q.  You  decline  to  state  tlie  receipts  from  the  Gold  and  Stock  Tele- 
graph Company  from  cables,  the  International  Oceau  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, and  from  leased  lines! — A.  Yes,  sir;  1  decline* to  state  the  sepa- 
rate items  of  our  balance  sheet. 

Q.  And  the  separate  items  of  the  operating  expenses! — A.  I  do  not 
decline  to  state  them,  but  I  am  not  prepared  to  state  them.  I  do  not 
8uppose*that  there  is  $100,000  a  year  of  that  $5,000,000  for  any  other 
purpose  than  operators,  but  the  exact  amount  1  am  not  prepared  to 
state.  I  think,  too,  that  it  is  a  legitimate  inquiry  as  to  what  proi)ortion 
of  that  expense  pertains  to  the  Gold  and  IStock,  the  cables,  and  the 
leased  lines,  but  1  am  not  prepared  to  give  you  that  data.  Only  a  por- 
tion of  the  ordinary  expense  of  maintenance  of  lines  appertains  to  the 
leased  lines,  from  which  we  get  no  revenue  from  messages.  Our  leases, 
as  I  have  said,  now  amount  to  $50,000  a  month  to  newspapers  and 
bankers  and  brokers.  We  have  a  great  many  lines  leased  by  the  year. 
The  parties  take  them  into  their  oftices  at  either  end  and  operate  them 
themselves,  but  we  maintain  the  lines  and  give  them  batteries,  &c.,  »o 
that  some  part  of  the  battery  expense  and  some  part  of  the  maintenance 
of  the  lines  in  the  list  given  to  yon  pertains  to  the  leased  lines,  and  there- 
fore not  to  the  earnings. 

Q.  You  would  have  no  objection  to  answering  the  question  as  to  the 
separate  items  of  the  operating  expenses  of  each  of  these  outside  prop- 


TE8TIM0NT  OF  NOBYIN  QBEEK.  241 

erties  if  you  had  the  knowledge  in  yoor  possession  t — ^A.  If  I  had  the 
data. 

Q.  How  lonf^  woold  it  take  you  to  acquire  that  information  t — ^A.  A 
few  days.  It  is  a  matter  of  work  for  the  auditor's  office.  They  would 
probably  have  to  go  over  all  the  monthly  reports. 

Q.  Does  your  declination  to  furnish  copies  of  contracts  cover  coq- 
tractiS  with  the  American  Gable  Company  and  with  the  combined  Eng- 
lish and  French  companies  t — A.  My  objection  applies  to  our  contract 
with  the  cable  companies.  The  lease  of  the  American  cable  companies 
I  have  given  you.  I  gave  you  that  yesterday,  because  we  were  requested 
by  the  American  Gable  Board  to  publish  it,  as  there  was  so  much  com- 
ment as  to  it. 

Q.  You  have  a  contract  with  the  combined  English  and  French  com- 
panies, have  you  t — ^A.  Yes ;  I  can  give  you  all  the  points — — 

Q.  Can  you  famish  copies  of  the  contract  t — ^A.  No,  sir.  I  would  not 
do  that  without  their  consent.  But  I  can  give  you  all  the  points  of  any 
interest  to  the  telegraph  service.  The  contract,  I  tell  you  very  frankly, 
is  one 

The  Chairman.  I  do  not  think  we  care  to  hear  anything  about  it,  un- 
it ss  we  can  have  a  full  copy  of  the  contract.  You  will  state  such  iK)ints 
as  you  are  willing  to  have  known,  and  none  of  the  points  that  we  want 
to  know.  If  we  cannot  see  the  contract,  we  will  not  waste  time  on  the 
subject. 

The  Witness.  I  do  not  know  that  there  is  anything  in  the  contract 
with  the  cable  companies  that  we  would  object  to  your  knowing.  I  ob- 
ject to  furnishing  it  on  principle.  This  seems  to  me  to  be  an  inquisi- 
torial proceeding  as  to  our  private  business  arrangements.  It  is  not 
that  there  is  the  remotest 

The  Chairman.  You  are  a  public  corporation  in  that  you  accepted 
the  provisions  of  the  act  of  1866,  and  Congress  has  a  right  to  legislate 
in  regard  to  your  transactions. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Not  at  alL 

The  Chairman.  Have  we  not  the  power  to  legislate  as  to  the  inter- 
state business  of  the  company  f 

Mr.  GwiNN.  But  not  as  to  the  conduct  of  its  private  affairs. 

The  Chairman.  We  can  certainly  regulate  its  interstate  business. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  You  are  not  of  the  opinion  that  Congress  could  require 
us  to  make  certain  reports  to  it  at  certain  periods,  as  to  our  affairs  t  A 
fortiori  we  cannot  be  required  to  do  it,  without  law,  by  a  committee. 

Tlie  Chairman.  I  shall  leave  this  matter  to  be  disposed  of  by  others. 

Q.  Can  you  tell  me  which  of  the  directors  of  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany were  stockholders  of  the  cable  companies  at  the  time  you  leased 
them,  and  to  what  extent  tbey  were  stockholderst — A.  I  could  not  tell 
you  except  from  hearsay.  I  never  was  at  a  meeting  of  the  board.  I 
am  perfectly  willing  to  give  you  hearsay  information.  I  have  not  any 
direct  and  positive  knowledge  on  the  subiect. 

The  Chairman.  Then  we  do  not  wish  to  go  into  it. 

The  Witness.  These  cables  were  generally  understood  to  be  Mr. 
Gould's  project,  and  he  was  largely  interested  in  them;  but  not  so 
largely,  I  am  sure,  as  many  people  gave  him  credit  for.  He  owned  a 
large  interest,  but  the  cable  stocks  were  pretty  widely  distributed.  I 
know  that  fact  from  the  payment  of  dividends  on  the  stock  to  a  pretty 
long  list. 

Q.  Going  back  to  some  of  the  subjects  we  have  had  up  before,  I  will 
ask  you  a  question.    Did  the  Western  Union  Company  buy  oat  the  At- 
lantic and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  and  the  American  Union  with- 
S.  Rep.  577,  pt.  2 16 


t 


242  TEHTDiONT  OP  HORYm   G&EEK. 

out  an  inveDtory  of  tbe  property  obtaiiied  t^-^A.  Withoat  any  strict  in* 
ventory;  yes. 

Q.  Ton  did  not  require  any  inventory  showing  the  length  of  pole 
lines  and  wires  and  where  located. — A.  We  did  not  require  any,  pre- 
liminary to  the  trade.  I  presume  they  had  an  inventory  and  map  of 
the  lines  and  the  general  facts.    I  am  pretty  sure  they  had. 

Q.  Are  yon  not  able  to  ftirnish  that  inventory  t — A.  I  probably  coald 
fhrnish  it 

Q.  Have  yon  any  objection  to  ftimishing  it  if  we  give  you  time  to  ob- 
tain it  f — ^A.  I  would  not  like  to  promise  that  I  would.  I  should  want 
to  consult  my  executive  committee;  but  I  do  not  see  any  objection  to  it 
at  present. 

Q.  Can  you  state  the  amount  of  gross  receipts  and  expenditures  and 
the  number  of  messages  of  those  companies  the  year  before  they  were 
taken  by  you  t — A.  The  gross  receipts,  expenses,  and  messages  of  tlie 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  the  year  before  they  were  taken  can  be  readily  as- 
certained. They  were  12^  per  cent.,  or  one-eighth  of  the  aggregate  re- 
ceipts of  the  two  companies.  The  last  few  years  previous  to  taking  up  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific,  their  lines  were  operated  under  a  pooling  arrange- 
ment with  the  Western  Union,  by  which  they  paid  13.15  per  cent  of  the 
expenses,  and  got  12^  per  cent  of  the  united  revenues.  They  were  op- 
erated, however,  entirely  separate. 

Q.  Do  you  know  what  they  were  the  year  before  the  pooling  ar^ang^ 
ment  was  made  t— A.  The  revenues  were  about  $100,000  a  month. 

Q.  Before  the  pooling  arrangement?— A.  Yes,  sir;  and  the  expenses 
were  probably  all  of  that,  and  a  little  more. 

Q.  Gould  you  give  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  American 
Union t — A.  I  could  not  for  the  year  at  this  moment;  but  for  the  last 
two  or  three  months  the  gross  receipts  were  at  the  rate  of  $125,000  a 
month. 

Q.  Do  you  know  what  the  expenditures  were  t—- A.  The  expenditmts 
were  reported  to  be  and  believed  at  that  time  to  be  some  $10,000  or 
$12,000  less  per  month  than  that,  but  they  never  showed  any  profit  for 
any  continued  term.  The  last  two  or  three  months  before  they  tak^ 
in  they  claimed  to  be  making  money  and  undertook  to  demonstrate  it, 
and  did  show  that  they  were  making  then  $10,000  or  $12,000  a  month. 

Q.  Oan  you  state  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  Mutual  Union 
for  the  year  preceding  that  in  which  you  leased  their  property  t— A.  I 
have  stated  that  their  receipts  were  about  $120,000  a  month.  Whether 
they  extended  back  for  a  year  or  not  I  cannot  say. 

Q.  Do  you  know  what  their  expenditures  were  t-^ A.  I  think  tbej 
were  all  of  their  receipts.  The  theory  upon  which  we  justified  the  deal 
with  them  was  that  we  could  take  over  at  least  a  hundred  thousand 
dollars  a  month  of  their  receipts  out  of  a  hundred  and  twenty  thousand, 
and  that  we  could  handle  that  business  at  a  cost  of  $50,000,  having  al- 
ready provided  sufficient  terminal  fietcilities  to  handle  it 

Q.  Can  you  inform  us  as  to  the  amount  of  receipts  and  expenditures 
of  the  American  and  English  cable  companies  for  the  two  years  preceding 
the  year  in  which  you  made  the  contract  with  the  American  Gable  Com- 
pany f — A.  The  American  Cable  Company  did  not  open  for  business 
until  we  had  taken  it. 

Q.  flow  as  to  the  English  companies  f — A.  The  English  companies  I 
know  very  little  about. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  what  their  net  income  was  t — A.  !N"o;  the  net  in- 
come last  year  for  all  the  companies  was  about  a  million  pounds  sterling 
or  about  $5,000,000  for  the  eight  cables. 


TESTIMONY    OF  NORVIN   GREEN.  243 

Q.  Can  yon  state  what  percentaf^e  of  your  basinsss  is  transmitted 
short  distances,  say  within  a  hundred  miles  t — ^A.  Our  investigations 
have  shown  that  with  the  exception  of  Kew  York,  Chicago,  Boston,  and 
possibly  one  or  two  other  business  centers,  more  than  50  x>er  cent,  of  the 
business  of  every  telegraph  office  is  within  100  miles. 

Q.  You  make  exceptions  of  a  few  of  the  large  cities  t — A.  I  make  ex- 
ceptions of  those. 

Q.  If  you  include  them  would  that  change  the  result  t— A.  The  ma- 
jority of  their  business  is  longer  distance  business.  For  instance,  a 
very  large  percentage  of  the  business  of  New  York  is  between  New 
York  and  Chicago,  Chicago  being  the  next  largest  commercial  point. 
Another  large  percentage  is  between  New  York  and  Boston,  but  then 
New  York  does  more  or  less  business  with  almost  every  one  of  the  thir- 
teen thousand  offices. 

Q.  Exclusive  of  those  few  large  cities,  you  think  50  per  cent,  of  the 
business  is  within  100  miles  t — A.  Within  100  miles. 

Q.  In  what  cities  are  there  exchanges  connected  by  through  lines 
over  which  messages  are  transmitted  at  reduced  rates  t — ^A.  I  think 
Baltimore,  Cincinnati,  New  York,  Chicago,  and  Milwaukee.  There  are 
possibly  some  others.  I  do  not  know  whether  reduced  rates  have  ex- 
tended to  Boston  and  Louisville. 

Q.  What  are  the  rates  between  these  exchanges  t — ^A.  We  are  doing 
the  business  for  20  cents  between  New  York  and  Chicago,  and  Balti- 
more and  Chicago. 

Q.  Twenty  cents  for  ten  words t — A.  Yes,  sir;  and  between  New 
York  and  Baltimore  for  15  cents.  The  Postal  Company  are  handling 
that  business  at  the  rate  of  25  cents  for  twenty  words. 

Q.  Do  you  know  what  is  the  annual  number  of  messages  of  this  kind 
and  what  you  receive  for  them  t — ^A.  I  think  the  messages  between 
New  York  and  Chicago  of  that  character  on  those  exchanges  will  run 
from  one  thousand  to  twelve  hundred  and  odd. 

Q.  Can  you  state  the  number  for  the  whole  country  t — A.  No,  sir ;  I 
cannot  I  can  only  say  that  that  system  has  not  prevailed  long  enough 
to  cut  any  figure  in  our  average  of  rates,  neither  has  the  15-cent  rate 
between  Washington  and  New  York  existed  long  enough  to  have  affected 
the  average  in  any  of  our  reports. 

Q.  Can  you  state  the  average  charge  per  message  for  the  last  three 
or  four  years  t — A.  From  the  best  figures  I  can  get,  the  average  charge 
per  message  last  year  was  about  37  cents.  That  is  lower  than  Mr.  Hub- 
bard figures  it,  but  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  number  of  messages  han- 
dled last  year  was  the  number  I  gave  him  first,  44,000,000. 

Q.  That  average  of  37  cents  includes  all  the  dead-head  messages  of 
course  t — A.  Yes.  I  want  to  make  an  explanation  about  the  number  of 
messages.  Previous  to  last  year  we  had  been  counting  and  charging  for 
messages  handled  for  the  Qold  and  Stock  service.  Having  leased  the 
Gold  and  Stock  Company,  we  did  not  charge  up  the  transmission  of  the 
commercial  news  service,  and  consequently  its  messages  were  not  known 
and  were  under-estimated,  I  am  satisfied,  very  materially.  Then  there 
was  another  large  class  of  business,  the  nandling  of  a  very  large  num- 
ber of  messages  that  were  not  counted  at  all,  over  these  leas^  lines. 
In  my  letter  to  Mr.  Hubbard,  which  was  published  in  his  article  in  the 
North  American  Review,  1  estimate  the  messages  at  44,000,000.  When 
our  statement  was  made  up  by  the  auditor  in  that  respect,  it  fell  short 
about  one  and  a  half  million.  I  could  not  understand  how  that  hap- 
pened ;  but  when  I  remembered  that  a  large  number  of  messages  had 
been  handled  over  these  leased  wires  that  were  not  counted,  and  a  large 


^44 


TESTDfOKT   OF  NOBTIN   GREEX. 


I 
i 
f 


number  had  been  handled  for  the  commercial  news  departmoit  of  the 
Gold  and  Stock  Company,  then  1  saw  the  reasons  why  the  namba*  did 
not  come  np  to  my  estimate. 

Q.  Can  yoa  state  the  average  cost  per  message  to  tiie  company  f— A. 
The  average  cost  per  message  was  about  23^  cents. 

Q.  Ton  have  not  reduced  the  cost  mu<di  in  the  last  five  ^ears,  hare 
you  f — A.  No,  we  have  not ;  because  of  the  exactions  of  the  service.  As 
I  have  said  to  the  committee,  at  least  80  per  cent,  of  our  business,  and 
X)ossibly  more,  is  commercial.  That  business  is  reqaired  to  be  d<Mie  io 
the  four  or  five  hours  of  the  business  day,  and  the  exactions  as  to  im- 
mediate transmission  and  delivery  are  growing  every  year.  We  cooM 
handle  the  business  in  the  twenty-four  hours  of  the  day  at  veiy  moch 
less  cost  than  we  have  to  handle  it  in  order  to  meet  these  exactions  of 
immediate  service.  We  have  to  have  a  great  many  more  messengers, 
more  wires,  and  more  operators  at  that  particular  time  of  day.  Goo^e- 
qaently  the  improvements*  in  the  art  of  telegraphing  are  counter-bal- 
anced by  the  exactions  of  a  prompter  service. 

Q.  Can  yon  state  what  proportion  of  the  people  never  use  the  tele 
graph  f — ^A.  I  have  said  that  some  investigations  we  have  made  on  that 
subject  satisfy  me  that  not  as  much  as  half  a  million  people  have  e\& 
used  our  telegraph  in  any  one  year ;  but  the  bulk  of  the  revenue  is  derived 
from  much  fewer  customers.  A  few  thousand  customers  give  us  the 
bulk  of  our  revenue.  For  instance,  we  have  many  customers  who  pay 
ns  more  money  than  the  United  States  Government^  outside  of  the  Signal 
Service.  All  the  business  of  the  United  States  Government,  inclnding 
all  its  departments,  does  not  amount  to  as  much  as  some  of  our  Widl 
street  customers  pay  us. 

Q.  Has  your  company  ever  had  a  contract  with  any  press  association 
which  required  them  to  obtain  their  news  through  your  lines  and  throogh 
no  others  f — A.  I  think  the  contract  I  gave  you  stipulates  that  they 
should  use  our  lines  when  they  were  in  condition. 

Q.  And  that  they  should  not  receive  news  sent  over  any  other  line.— 
A.  No,  sir ;  we  have  never  made  any  such  stipulation  as  that ;  but  our 
stipulation  is  that  they  should  use  our  lines  exclusively  for  their  busi- 
ness when  we  are  in  a  condition  to  do  that  business.  If  a  message  is 
sent  them  over  any  other  line  nobody  has  ever  objected  to  their  receiv- 
ing it.  It  is  only  so  far  as  they  can  legitimately  and  properly  control 
the  sending. 

Q.  There  is  a  contract  between  the  New  York  Associated  Press  and 
the  Western  Associated  Press  which  holds  them  to  certain  requirements 
in  regard  to  the  matter  of  news. — A.  I  want  to  say  that,  in  a  great 
numl^r  of  instances  brought  to  our  attention,  that  feature  has  never 
been  enforced  or  attempt^  to  be  enforced  against  any  individual  news- 
paper. It  is  a  contract  with  the  association.  For  instance,  the  New 
York  Associated  Press  agree  to  give  us  all  their  business  when  our  lines 
are  in  a  condition  to  do  it,  but  &at  does  not  prevent  the  Herald,  the 
Times,  the  Tribune,  the  Sun,  or  any  members  of  the  Associated  Press 
fit>m  taking  messages  over  other  lines.  There  was  a  feature  in  the  con- 
tract that  they  shsdl  not  be  entitled  to  the  reduced  rates  for  special  serv- 
ice unless  they  patronize  our  line  exclusively,  or  substantially  so,  bat 
that  has  been  abolished  by  a  general  order  of  mine  that  all  newspapers, 
whether  patronizing  this  company  or  any  other,  should  be  entitled  to  the 
same  rates  for  special  reports.  They  are  the  rates  stipulated  in  that 
contract. 

Q.  Have  you  ever  had  any  feature  in  any  contract  relating  to  the  use 
of  the  telephone  and  prohibiting  persons  or  newspai>ers  firom  using  the 


TESTIMONY   OP  NORVIN   GREEN.  245 

telephone! — ^A.  Our  contract  with  the  telephone  company  in  settling  onr 
legal  fight  with  them,  stipulated  that  we  wonld  lease  them  onr  tele^ 
phonesi  and  turn  them  over  to  them,  for  a  royalty  on  all  their  revenues 
for  telephone  service  on  the  condition  that  they  should  confine  their 
telephones  to  the  telephone  business. 

Q.  Did  you  ever  have  any  agreement  with  newspapers  that  pro- 
hibited them  from  using  telephones! — A.  I  do  not  remember  auy,  sir. 
It  was  not  at  all  necessary,  because  the  telephone  company  had  no  right 
to  serve  them.  I  do  not  remember  any  at  all.  If  they  ever  failed  to 
use  the  telephone  it  was  probably  because  the  telephone  company  felt 
that  they  had  not  any  right  under  the  contract  with  us  to  serve  tiiem. 
In  the  first  place,  our  company,  under  that  contract,  is  entitled  to  the 
exclusive  license  of  the  telephone  for  the  telegraphic  business.  We  con- 
sidered that  a  very  valuable  feature.  If  the  telephone  ever  comes  into 
use  as  a  telegraph,  so  far  as  the  BeU  telephone  is  concerned,  we  have  the 
exclusive  right  to  use  it  for  telegraphic  purposes.  The  distinction  be- 
tween the  telephone  aud  the  telegraph  is  clearly  drawn.  A  telephone 
communication  is  a  conversation  between  parties  at  either  end  of  the 
wire.  For  that  kind  of  service  they  can  use  the  telephone  a  thousand 
miles  if  they  choose,  or  any  other  distance  that  people  can  talk  over  it. 

Q.  Ton  never  have  prohibited,  in  any  way,  nor  attempted  to  prohibit, 
newspapers  from  getting  news  through  telephoue  lines  f — A.  Not  that 
I  know  of. 

Q.  Have  you  ever  raised  rates  in  cases  of  individual  newspapers  be- 
cause they  would  not  agree  to  do  their  business  exclusively  with  the 
Western  Union  t — ^A.  That  was  done  without  my  knowledge,  and  I  im- 
mediately had  the  money  refunded.  Cases  of  that  kind  came  up  not 
long  ago  with  certain  newspapers,  and  I  said  that  we  could  not  sustain 
the  action. 

Q.  Bow  long  ago  was  that  f — A.  It  was  before  the  meeting  of  Con- 
gress ;  about  November. 

Q.  Was  there  more  than  one  case  f — A.  There  were  probably  a  good 
many  Ciises,  but  there  were  only  two  brought  to  my  attention.  One  was 
in  Louisville  and  the  other  was  in  Cincinnati.  Within  a  week  or  ten 
days  after  I  had  inquired  fully  into  the  subject  I  decided  that  we  could 
not  sustain  that  ground.  The  action  was  taken  by  the  head  of  onr 
news  bureau,  and  not  by  the  direction  of  any  of  the  executive  officers. 
I  have  always  believed  that  all  were  entitled  to  the  rates  that  anybody 
else  got  for  like  service,  and  that  in  law  we  could  not  collect  any  more, 
and  therefore  I  published  an  order  in  the  telegraph  paper  that  goes  to 
all  our  offices,  that  all  newspapers  should  be  entitled  to  the  special  rates 
stipulated  in  the  New  York  contract,  so  that  they  could  get  any  amount 
of  service  and  get  it  on  our  wires  when  they  did  not  get  it  from  anybody 
else,  at  just  as  advantageous  terms  as  others. 

Q.  Up  to  last  November  you  had  been  in  the  habit  of  raising  rates  on 
newspapers  if  they  did  not  do  their  business  with  your  company  exclu- 
sively f — A.  No,  sir;  I  do  not  think  we  were  in  the  habit  of  doing  it. 
It  may  have  been  done.  It  may  have  been  done  in  some  incidental 
cases.  It  was  never  done  with  my  knowledge,  because  I  have  said  to 
our  committee  again  and  again  that  we  never  could  sustain  any  dis- 
crimination in  rates  against  newspapers ;  that  if  they  made  a  point  on 
it  and  compelled  us  to  sue  them  I  did  not  believe  we  could  collect  any 
more  than  we  charged  their  neighbors.  That  was  my  view  as  a  matter 
of  law. 

Q.  There  is  only  one  other  matter  that  I  care  to  ask  yon  any  ques- 
tions about  now.    I  want  to  inquire  if  there  has  been  any  negotiatio\^ 


I 


Im 


i.i 


P 


'\ 


\ 


246 


TESTIMONY   OP  NORVIN    GREEN. 


between  the  Western  Union  company  and  the  Baltimore  and  Lio 
Telegraph  Company  within  the  last  year  f — ^A.  None  within  the  last  year, 
that  I  know  of. 

Q.  Has  there  been  any  discossion  of  the  subject  that  yoa  knoif  of  ?-- 
A.  None  that  I  know  of. 

Q.  Between  the  representatives  of  the  two  companies  t — A.  None  that 
has  come  to  my  knowledge.  There  was  a  negotiation  some  two  years 
ago,  but  there  has  been  none  since  that  has  come  to  my  knowledge. 

Q.  None  within  the  last  twelve  months  that  yon  have  heard  oft— A. 
No,  sir. 

Q.  No  proposition  for  a  consolidation  from  the  officers  of  either  com- 
pany f — A.  None  that  has  come  to  my  knowledge. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  I  think  yon  are  safe  to  say  that  there  has  been  none. 

The  Witness.  I  think  there  has  been  some  bantering,  and  probably 
some  remark  that  the  companies  oaght  to  come  to  an  understanding; 
but  that  is  about  all. 

The  Chairman.  I  do  not  think  it  would  be  prudent  to  say  that  tb»% 
has  not  been  any,  because  I  believe  that  there  has  been.  Yon  may  not 
have  known  of  it. 

The  Witness.  Mr.  G  winn  has  had  charge  of  our  litigation  with  them. 
Our  biggest  suit  was  argued  last  week  before  the  Chief  Justice  and  two 
other  judges  of  Baltimore,  and  remains  undecided.  All  I  have  heard 
about  it  has  been  when  we  have  been  taking  depositions.  I  know  Mr. 
Frick,  their  counsel,  and  others,  have  frequently  said  that  we  ought  to 
come  to  some  understanding  and  settle  our  difficulties.  That  is  all  I 
have  heard  that  approaches  a  negotiation. 

Mr.  GWTNN.  It  is  all  that  ever  did  approach  it. 

The  Chaibman.  It  would  be  in  entire  keeping  with  many  things  that 
have  transpired  before,  if  the  two  companies  were  working  together  to- 
day.  As  far  as  the  public  is  concerned  nobody  knows  but  what  they 
are  working  together  to-day.  However,  we  have  been  informed  that 
there  has  t^n  an  attempt  at  negotiation  and  that  the  papers  have  been 
drawn  for  that  purpose. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  I  can  answer  most  positively  that  there  is  not  a  word  of 
trath  in  the  whole  statement. 

The  Witness.  I  presume  that  that  ha^  grown  out  of  the  fact  that 
there  was  a  negotiation  two  years  ago  last  September  and  that  the  pa- 
pers were  drawn  and  signed,  when  the  arrival  of  the  elder  Mr.  Gkurrett 
knocked  it  into  a  cocked  hat. 

Q.  When  was  that  t — ^A.  Two  years  ago  last  fall.  Mr.  Garrett  ar- 
rived from  the  other  side  before  the  board  had  ratified  it,  and  knocked 
it  into  pi. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  And  we  are  now  as  far  apart  as  the  poles. 

The  Chaibman.  You  might  be  farther  apart  than  the  poles  to-day 
and  be  together  next  week. 

Mr.  Gwinn.  Possibly.    That  happens  with  all  of  us. 

The  Chaibman.  If  the  two  companies  can  make  more  money  by  con- 
solidating their  interests  of  course  they  will  do  so. 

Mr.  Gwinn.  That  is  so  in  all  the  relations  of  life,  in  politics  and  every- 
where else. 

The  Chaibman.  It  will  turn  out  as  an  inevitable  consequence  when- 
ever the  two  companies  get  into  competition  and  the  competition  is 
strong  enough  to  reduce  rates,  that  the  result  will  be  cousolHlation. 

The  Witness.  I  will  say  very  frankly  that  in  my  judgment  the  whole 
of  the  service  in  the  United  States  can  be  handled  cheaper,  and  cheai)er 
rates  afforded  to  the  public  in  the  hands  of  one  party  than  would  be 


TESTIMONY   OF  NORVIN   GREEN.  247 

possible  in  the  hands  of  a  number.  Where  there  is  more  than  one  com- 
pany there  is  a  duplication  of  expenses  to  get  the  same  revenue. 

Q.  But  if  the  benefit  of  the  reduction  of  cost  is  not  given  to  the  pub- 
lic, but  goes  into  the  pockets  of  the  stockholders  it  becomes  an  entirely 
different  thing.  It  seems  as  if  a  tax  of  $8,000,000  a  year  upon  the 
people  of  this  country  for  telegraphic  service  is  exorbitant  for  the 
amount  of  service  rendered  as  compared  with  what  is  done  in  any  other 
country. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  The  rate  of  discount  was  not  any  lower  in  the  Bank  of 
the  United  States  than  it  has  been  subsequently. 

The  Chairman.  Still  there  has  been  a  great  deal  of  experience  in 
handling  Government  telegraphs  and  in  furnishing  cheap  service.  [To 
the  witness.]  I  do  not  think  of  any  further  questions  that  we  care  to  ask 
you  at  present.  I  will  look  over  the  papers,  and  probably  will  ask  you 
to  come  before  the  committee  again. 

The  Witness.  When  you  look  the  papers  over  I  would  be  very  glad 
if  you  would  remind  me  of  the  subjects  on  which  you  wish  information, 
because  some  of  them  may  escape  my  attention. 

The  Chairman.  If  we  call  you  again  we  will  indicate  the  subjects. 
We  have  asked  a  good  many  questions  on  subjects  to  which  yon  have 
replied  that  you  were  no};  able  to  give  information,  tdthongh  you  have 
no  objection  to  answering. 

The  Witness.  I  want  to  make  one  little  statement,  which  the  com- 
mittee may  consider  as  testimony  or  not,  as  they  please.  While  I  object 
to  the  production  of  our  railroad  contracts  and  other  matters  of  detail, 
yet  if  tbe  Government,  in  its  wisdom,  should  think  proper  to  avail  itself 
of  the  act  of  1866,  or  otherwise  proceed  to  condemn  and  take  our  prop- 
erty, I  should  consider  any  tribunal  established  for  the  purpose  of  as- 
certaining the  value  of  the  property  entitled  to  look  at  everything. 

The  Chairman.  After  what  you  have  said  about  the  injustice  of  ex- 
posing the  private  business  of  other  parties,  I  do  not  see  how  you  could 
do  so. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  The  law  of  1866  provides  for  the  appointment  of  arbi- 
trators whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  discover  those  facts.  That  carries  with 
it  a  jurisdiction  which  you  do  not  possess. 

The  Chairman.  It  provides  only  that  the  Government  may  take  the 
lines  on  an  appraisement,  and  states  how  the  appraisement  may  be 
made.  I  do  not  see  how  that  board  can  possess  any  jurisdiction  that 
the  power  creating  it  does  not  possess. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  Only  because  the  act  of  Congress  gives  it  jurisdiction, 
and  no  act  of  Congress  gives  it  to  you. 

The  Chairman.  It  seems  to  me  that  a  resolution  of  the  Senate  might 
be  sufficient  for  the  purpose. 

Mr.  GwiNN.  The  Supreme  Court  says  otherwise. 

The  Witness.  I  only  say  that  if  any  board  of  appraisement  is  con- 
stituted for  that  purpose,  I  will  undertake  to  say  that  they  shall  see 
everything  in  connection  with  the  value  of  the  property. 

Tbe  Chairman.  One  objection  you  have  made  in  refusing  to  produce 
the  contracts  is  the  fact  that  you  would  be  exposing  the  private  affairs 
of  other  parties.  That  is  the  material  point  you  make.  I  am  sure  the 
effect  would  be  the* same  if  a  board  of  appraisement  was  established. 

The  Witness.  If  the  Gk>vernment  are  to  become  one  of  the  parties 
to  these  contracts  they  certainly  have  a  right  to  see  what  they  are 
going  to  assume. 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


OOLDT  POX,  LATE  AH  SMPLOTE  OF  THE  WE8TEBH  UHIOH  TELE- 
GRAPH COMPAHT. 


February  27, 1884. 
OoLiK  Fox  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Ghaibman  : 

Question.  What  has  been  your  occupation  f — Answer.  Telegraph  op- 
erator, until  the  last  eight  or  nine  years. 

Q.  And  telegraph  builder  f — A.  Yes ;  and  manager,  and  acting  as- 
sisting superintendent  in  the  latter  years  of  my  service. 

Q.  For  what  company  ^ — A.  The  Western  Union. 

Q*  Altogether! — A.  Altogether,  since  1859. 

Q*  In  what  part  of  the  country  f — A.  In  Michigan;  manager  of  the 
Detroit  office,  and  what  was  then  called  chief  operator  of  the  State  of 
Michigan.  As  such,  peribrming  the  same  duties  as  are  now  performed 
by  the  assistant  superintendent. 

Q.  What  did  your  department  labor  cover  f — A.  Both  operating  and 
constructing — ^general  supervision  of  the  company's  business  in  that 
territory. 

Q.  Have  you  constructed  many  lines  for  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany f — ^A.  Yes ;  a  good  many. 

Q.  All  in  Michigan  f — All  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  I  will 
say  north  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 

Q.  In  what  manner  have  your  lines  been  built;  by  contract! — A.  Ko, 
sir;  invariably  by  construction  by  the  company,  paying  the  men  by  the 
month  JOT  day ;  there  was  never  any  case  where  a  contract  was  let. 

Q.  How  many  miles  have  you  superintended  the  construction  off — 
A.  To  put  it  roughly,  from  six  to  eight  hundred  miles  of  pole  line,  per- 
haps more. 

Q.  Have  those  lines  generally  been  on  railroad  companies'  rights  of 
way  f — A.  Partly  so ;  but  I  think  more  of  my  work  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  State  was  off  of  railroads,  up  in  the  lumber  regions. 


250  TESTIMONY    OF   COLIN   FOX. 

Q.  In  some  cases  they  were  on  the  rights  of  way  ? — A.  Ye&,sir ;  in  a 
number  of  cases  they  were,  under  contra<;t  with  the  railroad  companies. 

Q.  Do  you  know  the  terms  of  those  contracts! — A.  I  did  at  that  time; 
I  had  the  making,  or  the  figuring  upon,  some  of  those  contracts. 

Q.  Tou  assisted  in  making  them  f — A.  Yes,  the  negotiations,  I  should 
say.  In  fact,  the  contracts  were  sometimes  sent  to  me  in  order  to  ob- 
tain the  execution  of  them  by  the  railroad  companies'  officers. 

Q.  Were  the  contracts  generally  about  on  the  same  terms  t — A.  So 
far  as  I  know  they  were  always  of  the  same  character. 

Q.  Extending  over  what  period  of  time  was  this  f — ^A.  This  would  be, 
say,  from  six  or  eight  years  previous  to  1876. 

Q.  That  would  be  from  about  1868.  Now  state,  as  nearly  as  you  can 
remember,  what  the  provisions  of  these  contracts  were  t — A.  To  the 
best  of  my  recollection  the  contracts  provided,  in  the  first  place,  that 
the  railroad  company  was  to  furnish  the  poles,  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany would  furnish  all  the  remainder  of  the  materials,  including  wire, 
insulators,  batteries,  instruments,  &c.,  and  the  railroad  company  would 
do  the  constructing.  The  Western  Union  Company  was  entitled  to  the 
entire  receipts  from  telegraph  tolls  on  such  lines,  and  contracted  to  give 
the  railroad  company  a  certain  amount,  monthly  or  yearly,  of  fr^  tele- 
graphing oft'  the  line  of  the  road. 

Q.  And  give  them  the  use  of  the  lines  w  the  road,  of  course,  for  their 
business  f — ^A.  Of  course;  the  line  on  the  road  was  used  jointly  by  the 
railroad  for  its  business,  and  by  the  Western  Union  for  commercial 
business. 

Q.  And  the  railroad  company,  besides,  had  iree  telegraphing  off  the 
roadf — A.  And  the  railroad  company  was  entitled  to  a  certain  amount 
of  free  telegraphing  beyond  the  line  of  the  road.  For  instance,  one  road, 
I  remember,  had  its  financial  ofiAce,  you  might  say  its  executive  office, 
in  New  York ;  it  would  have  a  certain  amount  of  telegraphing  to  do  be- 
tween Michigan  and  New  York,  which  they  would  do  under  that  con- 
tract, free.  Another  road,  the  Detroit  and  Milwaukee,  bad  a  good  deal 
of  telegraphing  between  Detroit  and  Milwaukee,  and  that,  of  course, 
had  to  go  around  by  Chicago,  off  the  line  of  the  road.  That  road,  I  re- 
member, was  entitled  to  $200  a  month  of  free  telegraphing,  and  they 
used  to  use  that  up  and  sometimes  more.  If  there  was  an  excess  over 
the  contract  they  paid  half  rates  for  all  the  excess.  The  railroad  com- 
pany gave  its  good  will,  of  course,  to  the  telegraph  company ,  and  was 
bound  to  not  give  aid  or  encouragement  to  competing  companies ;  was 
not  allowed  to  distribute  material  between  stations. 

Q.  Was  not  allowed  to  furnish  any  facilities  for  building  lines  f — ^A. 
Not  except  what  they  were  legally  bound  to  do.  They  could  not  refuse 
to  carry  freights  at  ordinary  rates,  but  they  would  not  distribute  mate- 
rial or  drop  it  between  stations,  which  is  a  very  great  advantage,  of 
course,  in  telegraph  construction. 

Q.  They  would  charge  local  rates,  I  suppose,  for  that  f^-A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Full  local  rates  t — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  After  these  lines  were  built  in  this  way,  bow  were  they  owned ; 
jointly  by  the  telegraph  company  and  the  railroad  company  t — ^A.  It 
was  always  my  understanding  that  the  ownership  vested  in  the  West- 
ern Union.  These  contracts  were  perpetual,  and  the  officers  of  the 
Western  Union,  so  far  as  I  knew  at  the  time,  always  claimed  that  the 
rights  of  ownership  Tested  in  the  Western  Union. 

Q  The  property  was  on  the  right  of  way  of  the  railroad  company  t-^ 
Yes,  sir ;  built  jointly  by  the  two  companies. 


TESTIMONY   OF   COLIK  FOX.  251 

Q.  And  the  railroad  company  had  a  perpetual  right  to  use  the  lines 
in  a  certain  way  f 

The  WiTNBSS.  The  telegraph  company,  you  mean  f 

The  Chaibm AN.  The  railroad  company  and  the  telegraph  company  ? — 
A.  Yes,  sir ;  I  do  not  feel  competent  to  decide,  of  course,  who  is  the  real 
owner  of  such  lines.  The  railroad  company  furnished  the  poles  and  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  furnished  the  balance  of  the  ma- 
terial. 

Q.  A  great  many  of  these  lines  were  built  off  of  railroad  rights  of 
way! — ^A.  Yes, sir. 

Q.  How  were  those  lines  built— on  the  public  highway  t — A.  At  the 
time  the  lumber  interests  of  Northern  Michigan  were  being  deyeloped 
Tery  rapidly,  those  men  running  that  business  in  the  northern  parts  of 
the  State,  up  both  shores,  were  very  clamorous  for  telegraphic  com- 
munication, and  were  willing  to  pay  for  it,  and  did  pay  for  it.  I,  as  a 
servant  of  the  company,  got  all  the  money  I  could  for  the  company,  in 
the  way  of  cash  bonus,  to  extend  the  lines  to  those  points.  For  in- 
stance, from  Port  Huron  up  the  shore  to  Port  Austin  and  Bay  City, 
and  from  Bay  City  to  Alpena  and  to  the  Straits  of  Mackinaw  and  vari- 
ous other  places. 

Q.  In  all  those  places  you  got  a  bonus  ? — A.  I  invariably  required  a 
cash  bonus  from  the  business  men  of  those  places. 

Senator  Palmeb.  A  great  many  of  those  places  were  off  the  rail- 
roads, on  the  lake  shore. 

Q.  I  suppose  in  all  places  where  you  got  a  bonus  from  individuals  or 
cori>orations,  they  were  off'  the  railroads  t — A.  Off  the  railroads. 

Q.  But  in  most  of  the  lines  you  built  off  the  railroads  you  got  this 
aid  ? — A.  We  always  did  off'  the  railroad.  I  have  known  cases  where 
aid  was  obtained  on  the  railroad — at  least  one  case. 

Q.  How  large  a  proportion  of  the  expense  of  building  lines  was  paid 
by  persons  disconnected  with  the  company,  who  desired  to  have  the 
lines  built  f 

The  Witness.  On  these  highway  lines  t 

The  Chaibman.  Yes. 

A.  I  think  fully  one-half  the  cost  of  such  lines  was  defrayed  by  these 
bonuses. 

Q.  In  those  cases  did  the  company  place  itself  under  any  restrictions 
as  to  the  rates  they  were  to  charge! ^A.  Not  at  all. 

Q.  It  was  entirely  optional  with  them  to  charge  what  they  pleased  t — 
A.  Yes,  sir.    There  were  no  conditions. 

Q.  Did  you  have  any  trouble  in  obtaining  the  right  of  way  for  build- 
ing these  lines  off  the  railroads  f — A.  I  never  met  any  objection  what- 
ever, in  my  experience. 

Q.  They  were  in  all  cases  on  public  roads  f — ^A.  Yes,  sir.  Most  of 
them  were  on  what  we  in  Michigan  call  State  roads. 

Q.  Did  any  persons  who  owned  projierty  adjoining  the  roads  ever 
make  any  claim  for  damages  t — A.  I  never  had  such  a  case  arise.  Of 
course,  in  passing  through  villages  we  were  careful  to  not  destroy  shade 
trees  or  inconvenience  the  people  unnecessarily.  The  people  in  those 
days  were  very  glad  to  see  the  telegraph  come. 

Q.  State,  if  you  please,  what  was  the- character  of  the  lines  you  built, 
as  to  the  poles  and  wires. — A.  The  poles  were  always  25  feet  high,  of 
white  cedar,  perhaps  not  as  large  in  diameter  as  those  used  now,  be- 
cause those  lines  were  only  intended  to  carry,  say,  from  one  to  three  or 
four  wires,  or  something  like  that.  The  specifications  called  for  poles  5 
inches  in  diameter  at  the  top,  of  white  cedar. 


252 


TESTIMONY   OP   COLIN   FOX. 


Q.  And  25  feet  in  length  t — A.  Twenty  five  feet  in  length. 

Q.  With  cross-arms f — A.  No,  sir:  where  one  wire  was  pnt  np  we 
always  used  what  was  called  a  bracket,  which  was  somewhat  cheaper. 

Q.  Where  yon  put  np  more  than  one  wire  yon  nse  cross-arms  f — A 
Tes,  sir ;  in  those  days  the  poles  were  set  4  feet  in  the  ground,  and  we 
usually  used  a  No.  9  wire;  I  think  they  now  use  a  size  larger,  not  less 
than  No.  8. 

Q.  Was  there  any  difference  in  the  character  of  the  lines  yon  con- 
structed, some  of  them  more  expensive  than  others  f — A.  No ;  I  cannot 
say  that  there  was.  Perhaps  the  lines  that  were  built  on  railroads  were 
constructed  in  a  little  more  workmanlike  manner,  though  I  do  not  know 
that  there  was  much  difference.    We  aimed  to  build  good  lines  always. 

Q.  And  always  used  cedar  poles,  setting  them  sufficiently  deep  in  the 
ground  to  make  a  good  linet — A.  Yes,  sir;  we  never  used  anything 
else  but  cedar. 

By  Senator  Palmer  : 
Q.  Cedar  was  very  handy  in  that  country  f — A.  Tes,  sir. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  These  were  all  well-constructed  lines,  were  they  nott — ^A.  Yes, 
sir ;  they  were  well-built  lines  and  are  still  working  to-day,  and,  I  think, 
returning  a  good  revenue  to  the  company. 

Q.  Will  you  state  what  those  lines  cost! — A.  I  do  not  think  those 
highway  lines,  exclusive  of  instruments,  say,  and  batteries,  ever  cost  to 
exceed  $75  a  mile  for  one  wire. 

Q.  They  were  lines  constructed  to  carry  two  or  three  wires  if  neces- 
sary t — A.  Oh,  yes. 

Q.  But  usually  having  only  one  wire,  and  they  cost  the  company  about 
$75  a  mile  f — A.  Yes,  sir.  You  understand,  Senator,  that  poles  in  that 
country  were  very  cheap. 

Q.  And  you  had  the  advantage,  of  course,  of  delivering  them  at  the 
nearest  points  on  the  railroads  at  low  rates  ? — A.  Yes,  sir.  Then  a  set 
of  instruments  for  every  office  would  cost,  say 

Q.  Before  going  into  that  let  me  ask  yon,  where  yon  constructed  lines 
carrymg  more  than  one  wire,  what  did  they  cost  f — A.  I  think  in  those 
days  each  additional  wire  would  probably  cost,  pnt  up,  about  $30  a 
mile. 

Q.  For  a  No.  9  wire  t — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  It  is  claimed  now  that  No.  6  wire  costs  $45  a  mile  t — ^A.  Of  course 
it  takes  a  great  deal  more  of  No.  6. 

By  Senator  Palmer  : 

Q.  Through  that  country  how  many  poles  did  you  put  up  to  the 
mile  ? — A.  Always  thirty  to  the  mile. 

Q.  Is  that  the  standard,  or  is  it  varied  f — ^A.  It  was  at  that  time  the 
invariable  rule  of  the  Western  Union  to  use  thirty  poles  to  ttie  mile, 
except  in  cities,  where  they  are  generally  set  thicker. 

Q.  Do  you  know  whether  that  rule  is  applied  to  the  whole  of  Michi- 
gan f — A.  I  think  that  applied  throughout  the  central  division,  from 
Buffalo  to  the  Bocky  Mountains. 

Q.  What  is  the  life  of  a  cedar  pole  f — ^A.  I  have  not  been  in  the  busi- 
ness long  enough  to  know. 

Q.  They  do  not  decay  as  fast  as  fence  posts  f — A.  No ;  I  think,  as  a 
usual  thing,  they  use  sounder  timber  than  is  used  for  the  common  run 
of  fence  posts.  Sometimes  I  think  the  soil  has  a  good  deal  of  effect 
upon  poles.    A  sandy  soil^  I  have  observed,  will  usually  cause  them  to 


TESTIMONY   OP   COLTN   POX.  253 

decay  sooner  than  a  clay  soil,  fbat  is,  at  the  ground.  They  are  very 
frequently  cut  off  at  the  ground  and  reset ;  it  makes  them  a  little  shorter, 
but  they  will  answer  the  purpose  for  many  years  longer. 

Q.  What  was  the  standanl  length  of  the  poles  that  yon  used  f — ^A. 
Twenty-five  feet. 

Q.  How  deep  did  you  put  them  in  the  ground  f — A.  Four  feet. 

Q.  Were  they  seasoned  before  you  put  them  in? — ^A.  No,  sir;  they 
never  required  such  from  the  contractors  ftimishin^  the  poles. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Q.  Were  some  of  these  lines  at  the  time  you  constructed  them 
equipped  with  more  than  one  wire! — ^A.  Tes;  sometimes  we  cut  what  is 
called  a  gain  in  the  pole;  that  is,  a  notch  in  which  to  fit  a  cross-arm, 
but  would  not  put  it  in  until  years  afterwards,  when  it  was  required. 

Q.  And  in  some  cases  you  constructed  lines  with  two  wires  f — ^A.  I 
do  not  remember  of  ever  building  a  line  and  putting  up  two  wires  at 
the  same  time;  I  might  have  done  it. 

Q.  What  would  have  been  the  cost  of  those  lines  if  yon  had  con- 
structed them  with  cross-arms  and  with  two  wires!  What  was  the  ex- 
pense of  the  cross-arms  and  an  additional  wire  f  You  have  said  $30 
a  mile  for  a  single  wire. — A.  Tesj  I  was  putting  that  at  a  pretty  big 
figure,  too,  I  think.  I  do  not  think  it  would  much  exceed  that  to  put 
on  a  cross-arm  and  another  wire. 

Q.  Do  you  know  what  the  difference  would  have  been  between  a  No. 
8  wire  and  a  No.  9  wiret — ^A.  I  cannot  remember  how  many  pounds  of 
No.  8  wire  there  are  to  a  mile ;  I  think  it  is  about  320  pounds  to  a  mile 
of  No.  9  wire,  and  probably  375  or  so  of  No.  8.  The  difference  would 
be  proportionate  to  the  difference  in  weight. 

Q.  So  that  you  think  that  during  the  time  you  were  constructing  these 
lines  you  could  have  built  a  go^  substantial  line  with  two  wires  for 
$105  a  mile  f — ^A.  In  that  part  of  the  country,  yes. 

By  Senator  Sawyer  : 

Q.  &0W  does  the  price  of  wire  now  compare  with  the  price  of  wire  at 
that  timet — ^A.  I  really  cannot  answer ;  I  am  not  posted  upon  present 
prices  of  telegraph  wire. 

The  Ohaibman.  It  has  been  stated  by  some  of  the  witnesses  that  we 
examined  yesterday  that  wire  is  cheaper  now  than  it  was  then.  Mr. 
Ohapman  stated  that  it  is  cheaper  now  than  it  was  then,  but  he  thought 
the  poles  would  cost  a  little  more.  [To  the  witness.]  Can  you  state  about 
what  it  would  cost  to  equip  one  of  these  lines  with  instruments  t  Give 
the  average  cost  for  furnishing  instruments. — ^A.  I  can  do  so. 

The  Chairman.  When  I  say  average,  I  mean  average  per  mile ;  of 
course  that  would  vary  with  the  number  of  offices. 

Senator  Sawyer.  And  the  number  of  instruments  in  the  offices,  too. 

The  Witness.  One  set  of  instruments  for  an  office  would  not  cost  to 
exceed  $25, 1  think.  Offices,  as  a  usual  thing,  average  6  to  8  or  10 
miles  apart. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Can  you  inform  us  as  to  how  the  offices  on  railroads  were  man- 
aged f  That  is,  I  mean  to  say,  as  to  who  paid  the  operators  f — ^A.  Tes, 
sir.  In  some  cases  the  Western  Union.  The  contracts  provided  that 
the  railroad  company's  operators  should  do  the  work,  the  proceeds  going 
to  the  Western  Union.  But  in  some  cases  they  founa  that  the  operators, 
being  required  to  work  without  compensation  in  transacting  this  com- 
mercitd  business,  did  not  do  it  with  very  much  enthusiasm,  and  in  some 


254 


PESTIMONY   OF   COLIN   FOX. 


cases  afterwards  it  was  fouDd  advisable  to  pay  them  a  small  commission 
of  10  to  15  per  cent. 

Q.  That  is,  the  Western  Union  paid  them  something  in  addition  to 
their  regular  wages!— A.  Yes,  sir;  they  volnntarily  did  it,  in  order  to 
increase  the  efficiency  of  their  service,  but  there  was  no  obligation  on 
them  to  do  so. 

Q.  Werethoseoperators  always  employed  by  the  railroad  company  t — 
A.  By  the  railroad  company. 

Q.  The  railroad  company  owned  the  offices,  too  t — A.  Yes,  sir :  they 
were  in  the  railroad  stations,  except  sometimes  at  large  towns.  1  have 
known  the  case  at  large  towns  where  the  Western  Union  maintained  a 
town  office  at  its  own  expense. 

Q.  But  generally,  in  the  smaller  places,  the  offices  were  in  the  railroad 
stations  f — A.  Always  in  the  railroad  stations,  and  the  work  was  done 
by  the  railroad  company's  employes. 

By  Senator  Palmer  : 

Q.  Suppose  you  wished  to  put  up  aline  from  Detroit  to  Dearborn, 
ten  miles  west  of  Detroit,  what  would  the  poles  cost  delivered  there  f — 
A.  The  poles  would  cost  now,  say  from  90  cents  to  $1  apiece  delivered, 
at  Detroit  Junction,  say ;  and  if  you  had  the  privilege  of  distributing 
them  from  the  cars,  as  the  train  ran  along,  it  would  be  a  very  slight 
expense,  of  course,  to  distribute  them.  But  if  you  had  to  haul  them 
from  the  stations  it  would  cost  more. 

Q.  If  they  came  down  by  one  road  they  would  be  run  out  free  of  ex- 
pense!— A.  Yes,  sir;  they  always  put  a  gang  of  men  on  the  cars  to 
throw  them  off  200  feet  apart,  and  it  is  done  very  quickly.  I  under- 
stand that  the  price  now  for  strictly  first-class  poles,  such  as  the  West- 
ern Union  use,  is  from  90  cents  to  $X  apiece,  delivered  in  places  like 
Detroit  or  Toledo. 

Q.  How  many  such  poles  can  you  put  on  a  oar,  say  of  12  tons  capac- 
ity f — A.  About  90, 1  think,  is  a  pretty  good  load. 

'Q.  Putting  them  in  the  ground  west  of  the  Mississippi,  from  Chicago 
or  Michigan,  would  not  increase  the  cost  very  much  ? — A.  In  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  country  they  are  supplied  from  Chicago.  Chicago  is 
the  largest  market  for  telegraph  poles  in  the  country,  I  presume.  When 
parties  are  buying  poles  they  make  as  favorable  terms  as  they  can  for 
transportation.  But  it  is  not  their  weight :  you  cannot  get  full  weight, 
I  think,  of  telegraph  poles  on  a  car ;  it  is  their  bulk. 

Q.  You  say  they  ship  them  green  t — A,  Yes,  sir;  still  it  is  very  light 
timber,  as  you  are  aware. 

Senator  Palmer  (to  Senator  Sawjer).  How  is  that  about  cedar  poles 
or  fence  posts ;  you  cannot  get  on  12  tons,  can  you  f 

Senator  Sawyeb.  No ;  I  think  not,  unless  they  stake  them  very  high ; 
but  you  cannot  load  the  car  very  heavily.  Cedar  is  light,  and  that  is 
one  reason  why  they  bring  so  much  out  on  the  prairies  ;  and  then  iU 
durability  is  another  reason. 

Q.  You  have  never  tried  any  other  pole  but  cedar,  have  you  t — A» 
No,  sir ;  I  think  it  is  the  most  durable  timber  we  have  in  the  ground  in 
Michigan. 

Senator  Palmer.  It  is  usually  considered  that  red  cedar  is  indestruct- 
ible ;  but  there  is  not  any  red  cedar  left  on  the  lakes  that  I  know  of. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  What  do  you  estimate  that  it  costs  to  keep  these  lines  in  repair  f — 
A.  At  the  time  of  my  service  we  kept  two  linemen  in  Detroit,  and  they 
ran  over  a  territory  extieiVi^m^uQitX^VL  Midwest  from  Detroit,  and  would 


TESTIMONY   OP   COLIN   POX.  255 

take  oare  of|  perhaps,  five  hundred  miles  of  pole  line,  or  more.  The 
company  wonld  pay  those  men  firom  $55  to  $60  a  month,  besides  their 
traveling  expenses.  Of  course,  I  could  tell,  if  I  had  had  time  to  figure 
on  it  a  little,  pretty  near  exactly  what  it  would  cost  to  maintain  such 
lines  by  the  year  ^  but  I  am  hardly  prepared  to  answer  it  definitely  at 
present. 

Q.  You  cannot  answer  it  definitely,  but  estimating  it  roughly,  can 
you  state  about  what  per  cent,  it  would  be ;  would  it  cost  10  per  cent, 
of  the  cost  of  construction  f 

The  Witness.  Ten  per  cent  a  yeart 

The  Chairman,  Yes. 

A.  I  think  not  nearly  so  much. 

Q.  Including  the  replacing  of  poles  when  they  decay  f — A.  That  is 
a  contingency  so  many  years  ahead  that  I  hardly  feel  that  it  is  worth 
while  to  take  it  into  consideration. 

By  Senator  Palmeb  : 

Q.  Would  those  two  men  be  sufficient  in  case  of  breakage  of  the  lines 
by  a  heavy  sleet  storm  f— ^A.  No.  There  are  occasionally  such  cases 
as  that,  where  it  is  necessary  to  hire  additional  help,  or  let  the  lines  lie 
idle  until  the  men  can  get  to  them.  But  that  does  not  occur  very  often. 
I  have  known  them  to  run  a  great  many  years  without  a  severe  sleet 
storm. 

Q.  In  running  through  the  woods,  I  suppose  the  mdst  of  the  inter- 
ruptions occur  from  falling  trees  f-*- A.  That  is  about  the  only  inter- 
ruption we  have  had  on  our  Northern  Michigan  lines  through  the 
woods*— from  falling  trees.  On  that  Alpena  line  we  kept  a  line  man 
stationed  at  Alpena  who  traveled  both  north,  towards  Cheboygan  and 
Mackinaw,  and  south,  towards  Bay  City,  and  when  it  was  necessary  we 
would  hire  additional  local  help.  If  the  break  was  a  long  way  from  the 
line  men,  we  would  get  the  operator  to  hire  somebody  or  go  out  himself 
and  make  temporary  repairs,  until  the  line  men  could  get  there. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Q.  You  say  that  all  these  contracts  with  railroad  companies  gave  the 
exclusive  right  to  the  Western  Union  Company  to  construct  Unea  upon 
their  right  of  way  t — A.  Yes,  always. 

Q.  And  bound  the  railroad  companies  not  to  facilitate  the  construction 
of  any  other  lines  off  their  right  of  way,  except  what  they  were  required 
by  law  to  do  f  ^  A.  That  is  my  recollection  of  those  contracts — that  they 
were  mutually,  you  might  say,  offensive  and  defensive;  that  is,  that  the 
railroad  company  wonld  protect  the  telegraph  company  to  the  extent  of 
its  power,  and  the  Western  Union  would  do  its  business. 

By  Senator  Pax.meb  : 

Q.  When  you  established  these  inferior  offices  in  Michigan,  would 
you  send  men  from  the  home  office  to  take  charge  of  them,  or  in  each 
case  take  some  one  in  the  neighborhood  f — A.  Where  we  did  not  find 
somebody  in  the  neighborhood  who  knew  enough  of  telegraphing  to  run 
the  office,  we  generally  sent  an  instructor  to  stay  there  a  few  weeks,  and 
post  somebody  in  the  business. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Did  you  ever  have  occasion  to  instruct  men  as  operators. 

Senator  Palmeb.  A  green  hand. 
A.  No ;  I  never  did.    I  do  not  know  that  I  ever  taught  but  one  per- 
son in  my  life,  and  that  was  my  brother,  a  great  many  years  ago.    It 


256 


TESTIMONY   OF   COLIN   FOX. 


was  generally  understood  that  what  we  called  the  check-boys,  and  the 
messengers  around  the  operating  room  were  picking  up  telegraphy  as 
they  could;  it  was  idways  found  that  they  made  al^ut  the  l]^t  opera- 
tors in  the  service;  but  I  never  had  any  system  of  educating  operators 
as  such. 

Q.  Have  you  any  idea  how  long  it  requires  a  person  under  favorable 
circumstances  to  learn  the  art  of  using  the  telegraphic  instruments  f — A. 
A  person  can  learn  enough  to  run  a  small  country  office  in  a  very  short 
time;  if  he  is  reasonably  industrious,  in  a  very  few  weeks.  But  for  an 
operator  to  learn  to  be  competent  to  do  work  in  an  office,  say,  like  De- 
troit or  Chicago  or  Washington,  he  would  be  showing  a  great  deal  of 
ability  to  do  it  inside  of  a  year,  on  the  average. 

Q.  And  become  thoroughly  expert! — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

B}^  Senator  Palmer  : 

Q.  Suppose  all  the  telegraph  operators  in  the  United  States  were 
removed  or  forbidden  to  touch  the  instruments,  what  difficulty  would 
there  be  in  filling  their  places!  I  ask  that  to  ascertain  how  widely 
distributed  this  knowledge  is. — ^A.  I  hardly  know  how  to  answer  that. 
There  are  certainly  a  great  many  hundreds,  if  not  thousands,  of  com- 
petent operators  out  of  the  business — a  great  many  following  ottier 
employments. 

Q.  You  think  in  two  weeks,  with  reasonable  diligence,  they  could 
supply  a  sufficient  number  of  operators! — ^A.  No,  I  do  not,  Senator;  I 
do  not  think  there  are  enough  for  that. 

Q.  Take  the  State  of  Michigan,  for  instance. — ^A.  No;  I  doubt  whether 
there  are  half  enough  out  of  employ  in  the  State  of  Michigan  to  do  it. 

Q.  There  are  a  great  many  men  in  other  business  that  we  do  not  rec- 
ognize as  operators,  and  yet  who  are  proficient! — A.  There  are  a  great 
many,  it  is  true ;  but  when  you  come  to  fill  all  the  offices  in  Michigan, 
I  do  not  think  there  are  half  enough  for  that.  There  are  a  great  many 
who  could  not  be  induced  to  go  back  into  the  Western  Union  service 
certainly,  under  any  salary  that  the  company  would  pay. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Q.  You  have  no  connection  with  any  telegraph  company  now  ! — ^A. 
None  whatever. 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


H.  S.  SMITH,  LATE  AH  EKPLOT^  OF  THE  WESTEBH  UHIOH  TELE- 
GRAPH COMPAHY. 


February  27,  1884. 
H.  S.  Smith  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Chaibman  : 

Question.  On  what  subjects  can  you  give  us  information  in  regard  to 
telegraphy  t — Answer.  My  connection  with  the  Western  Union  has  been 
with  the  employes,  the  salaries  paid,  &c. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  been  an  employ^  of  the  company  t — A.  Twelve 
years. 

Q.  In  what  capacity  ? — A.  As  operator,  assistant  chief  operator,  and 
night  chief  operator. 

Q.  In  what  place  f — A.  Detroit,  Michigan  ^  continuously. 

Q.  All  that  time  t — A.  With  the  exception  of  just  two  or  three  months 
that  I  was  out  in  the  State. 

Q.  Are  you  still  in  the  employ  of  the  company  t — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Since  what  time  have  you  been  out  of  its  employ  t — ^A.  Since 
July,  1883. 

Q.  How  many  employes  are  there  in  the  office  that  you  were  con- 
nected with  f 

The  Witness.  Do  you  mean  employes  altogether  t 

The  Chairman.  Yes:  altogether. 

The  Witness.  You  ao  not  mean  including  the  messenger  employ^  f 

The  Chaibman.  No. 

The  Witness.  Clerks  in  the  office  and  operators.  There  are,  I  should 
say,  about  seventy,  as  near  as  I  can  estimate. 

Q.  Do  you  know  the  cost  of  maintaining  that  office  f — A.  No,  sir ;  I 
do  not;  not  the  tot^l  cost.    I  was  not  in  that  department. 

Q.  Can  you  state  what  wages  were  paid  to  the  employes  of  the  office  f — 
A.  To  a  certain  extent,  yes.  In  the  operating  department  I  can  tell; 
they  ranged  from  $45  to  $70,  with,one  or  two  exceptions. 

257 

8.  Bep.  577,  pt.  2 17 


I 


258  TESTIMONY    OF   H.    S.    SMITH. 

Q.  That  is,  per  month  t — A.  Per  month,  yes ;  that  is  for  the  operators 
proper.    The  chief  operator,  of  coarse,  gets  more  salary  than  that. 

Q.  Please  state,  as  nearly  as  yon  can,  the  different  grades  of  wages 
that  are  paid  there,  starting  with  the  highest  office.  There  is  a  super- 
intendent in  charge  of  the  office,  1  suppose  t — A.  Mr.  Corbett  is  assist- 
ant superintendent ;  I  could  not  state  his  salary.  I  think — I  suppose 
you  do  not  want  my  thoughts,  do  you  f 

The  Chairman.  Where  you  have  no  definite  knowledge  we  do  not 
care  for  an  answer. 

The  Witness.  It  is  not  purely  guess-work.    I  should  say  $176. 

Q.  Give  the  next  grade  of  compensation. — A.  The  cashier,  Mr.  Hill, 
who  has  charge  of  what  is  called  the  receiving  department,  down-stairs, 
receives  $95  a  month.  The  receiving  and  delivery  clerks  in  the  day- 
time did  receive  at  the  time  I  was  in  connection  with  that  office,  $60;  I 
do  not  know  what  it  is  now  ;  there  have  been  some  changes  made.  I  do 
not  know  the  salaries  of  those  employed  at  night.  Then,  of  course, 
there  were  the  messenger  boys.  The  day  chief  operator  received  $100 
a  month,  or  did  receive  that.  I  am  talking  now  of  what  was  paid  before 
the  strike.  Since  then  I  have  no  knowledge.  The  assistant  chief  re- 
ceived $80 :  the  night  chief  received  $90 ;  and  what  was  called  the  all- 
night  chief,  employed  from  midnight  until  8  o^clock  in  the  morning,  re- 
ceived $75.  Taking  the  operators,  as  I  said  before,  there  were  one  or 
two  exceptions  ;  in  the  main  office  there  was  one  operator  who  had  been 
brought  over  from  the  American  Union ;  he  was  in  the  Americiin  Union 
at  the  time  of  the  consolidation ;  he  received  the  same  salary  that  be 
had  been  receiving  previous  to  the  consolidation  ;  that  was  $80  a  month. 
There  was  another  old  employ^  who  received  $80  a  month.  The  press- 
report  men  got  $70  a  month — five  in  number.  Then  the  balance  of  the 
force  was  divided,  from  that  down,  from  $65  to  $60,  $55,  $50,  and  $45; 
$45  is  the  lowest  amount  that  I  know  to  have  been  paid  as  salary. 

Q.  Can  you  state  about  the  average  salaries  paid  in  that  office  for 
he  operators  t — ^A.  For  the  operators  proper  I  should  say  the  average 
was  not  over  $55  proper  a  month ;  that  is  as  near  as  I  can  judge. 

Q.  What  they  pay  in  that  office  is  about  the  average  of  what  they 
pay  'in  all  their  offices  of  the  same  kind,  I  suppose  f — ^A.  Yes,  about. 


February  29,  1884. 
H.  S.  Smith  recalled. 

By  Mr.  Oabdineb  G.  Hubbabd  : 

Question.  Please  describe  in  detail  the  handling  of  a  message  from 
the  time  it  is  handed  in  until  it  is  delivered  to  the  addressee  at  the 
other  end. — Answer.  In  large  offices,  where  they  have  the  receiving 
department  separate  from  the  operating  department,  it  is  first  taken  in 
by  the  receiving  clerk.  He  enters  it  in  a  book,  and  it  is  then  sent  up- 
stairs. 

Q.  What  does  he  enter  in  a  book  f — A.  The  entry  in  the  book  com- 
prises the  full  address  (the  party's  name,  and  where  to)  and  the  amount 
paid,  if  paid. 

Q.  And  the  numbex  of  words!— A.  Yes,  sir.  It  is  then  sent  upstairs 
by  a  tube,  if  they  liave^  o\i^,  ot  ^  ^wmm^  <^^  ^wa^^^vwd^  and  there  it  is 
taken  out  of  the  box  ouA.  ^i^xi^^^  >s  ^^^"^  "^^  ^"^^  ^  ^<^r>«.\5«^  ^^^ 


TESTIMONY   OP   H.   8.    SMITH.  259 

check-girl,  and  pot  on  the  hook  where  it  properly  belongs.  In  some  of 
the  offices  larger  than  Detroit  they  are  tak^n  ont  of  the  box  after  com- 
ing np  through  the  tube  and  distributed  into  different  districts,  and 
from  there  handled  again  by  the  check  boys  or  girls  of  that  district. 
Then  the  operator  takes  the  messages  off  the  hook  in  as  near  the  reg- 
ular order  as  possible.  The  messages  are  hung,  you  understand,  face 
down,  on  the  hook.  The  operator  takes  them  off  the  hook,  and  they 
come  in  regular  order.  If  a  message  is  to  go  from  Detroit  to  the  city 
of  Chicago,  it  is  hung  on  a  hook  labeled  ''City"  on  the  Chicago  table; 
if  it  is  a  message  that  has  to  be  rehandled  at  Chicago  and  forwarded  to 
some  office  further  along,  it  is  hung  on  what  is  call^  the  through  hook. 
Q.  Then  it  is  transmitted. — A.  It  is  transmitted  by  the  operator. 
While  transmitting  it  he  puts  on  the  number  of  the  message  between 
the  Detroit  and  Chicago  offices,  the  call  for  the  office,  the  time  sent, 
his  own  private  signature,  and  the  private  signature  of  the  receiving 
operator.  In  most  cases  that  is  done  with  the  left  hand,  where  oper- 
ators are  expert  enough  to  do  it.  As  a  general  thing,  on  all  large  wires, 
where  there  is  a  large  amount  of  business  handled,  the  operators  are 
expert  enough  to  do  so;  in  smaller  offices  sometimes  they  are  not. 
After  they  have  sent  the  message  they  will  put  on  the  time,*  signature, 
&c.  In  some  cases  I  have  seen  the  same  thing  on  large  wires — that  is, 
on  wires  handling  a  large  amount  of  business ;  that  is  what  I  mean  by 
largo  wires. 

Q.  Is  that  memorandum  entered  in  a  book,  tooT — ^A.  No,  sir;  that 
memorandum  is  not  entered  in  a  book.  After  the  operator  is  through 
with  it  he  puts  it  in  a  drawer,  or  on  a  spindle,  just  as  the  case  may  be, 
according  to  the  custom  of  the  office,  and  from  there  it  is  taken  off  by 
some  one  delegated  for  the  purpose,  and  looked  over,  in  order  to  see 
that  every  message  is  timed  properly  and  has  been  sent,  so  as  to  guard 
against  any  messages  being  put  away  without  being  sent  at  all.  Then, 
after  that,  the  messages  are  taken  into  the  book-keeper's  department 
and  assorted ;  each  office's  business  separated  out  and  booked. 

Q.  Of  what  does  the  booking  consist  f — A.  The  booking  consists  of 
the  name  of  the  office,  the  party  to  whom  the  message  is  addressed, 
by  whom  signed,  the  number  of  words,  and  the  amount  paid,  or  "col- 
lect," as  the  case  may  be.    That  has  to  be  done  with  each  message. 

Q.  How  long  is  the  message  kept  after  that! — A.  I  cannot  give  any 
definite  answer  as  to  that.  1  think  the  general  rule  is  six  months,  but 
1  do  not  know  what  disposition  is  made  of  them  after  the  six  months. 

Q.  When  the  message  is  received  what  is  done  with  it! — A.  It  is  re- 
ceived by  the  operator,  put  on  his  spindle  or  other  appliance,  and  is 
taken  from  there  by  a  check  boy  or  girl,  taken  to  the  copying-press  and 
an  impression  taken  of  it.  From  there  it  is  sent  down-stairs  through 
the  tube,  entered  in  a  book,  enveloped,  and  sent  out  by  a  messenger. 

Q.  Is  any  entry  made  in  an  entry-book  of  the  messages  received  f — 
A.  Yes,  sir.  The  copies  go  into  the  book  keeper's  department,  and  are 
there  entered  just  the  same  as  the  messages  sent  out. 

Q.  How  is  that ;  with  date,  &c.  ? — A.  Yes,  sir ;  the  date  &c.,  in  the 
same  manner. 

Q.  Are  messages  invariably  sent  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  re- 
ceived!— A.  Not  invariably. 

Q.  What  class  of  business  has  the  preference,  if  any  f — A.  What  we 
call  stock  messages,  and,  in  some  cases,  Government  messages. 

Q.  By  stock  messages,  you  mean  messages  from  brokers  and  others? — 
A.  Yes,  sir ;  messages  relating  to  stocks,  wheat,  corn,  oats,  &c. 

Q.  Those  generally  have  the  preference  over  others  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 


260  TESTIMONY   OP   H.   S.    SMITH. 

In  some  cases  there  are  wires  that  are  used  between  different  points  ex.- 
clasively  for  that  business ;  but  if  there  are  not,  then  they  have  the 
preference.  Of  course,  on  a  wire  used  conjointly  by  a  railroad  com- 
pany and  a  telegraph  company,  the  railroad  business  has  the  preference. 

Q.  Always! — A.  Always;  yes,  sir. 

Q.  If  a  message  is  partly  sent,  and  the  railroad  company  wishes  to 
use  the  wire,  do  they  **  cut  in  ^  t — A.  There  is  a  little  lee  way  given  in 
regard  to  that ;  if  it  is  very  imx>ortant  business,  such  as  train  orders, 
they  do.  I  should  say  there  is  another  class  of  messages  that  is  given 
preference  quite  frequently,  and  that  is  death  messages,  although  as  a 
general  thing  we  have  no  regular  hook  for  them.  In  a  number  of  in- 
stances we  have  particular  hooks  for  stock  messages. 

Q.  Does  the  Gold  and  Stock  business  have  any  preference  over  other 
business ;  if  so,  what  t — A.  Yes,  sir ;  in  case  of  interruption  to  wires, 
the  Gold  and  Stock  have  the  preference  of  the  first  wire  in  working 
order,  excepting,  perhaps,  the  United  States  Signal  Service  reports. 

Q.  Is  the  business  done  any  better  now  than  it  was  done  three  or 
four  or  five  years  agot — ^A.  No,  I  cannot  say  that  it  is  any  better  done. 
I  think,  if  anything,  as  far  as  my  judgment  goes,  it  is  not  done  so  well. 

Q.  Are  the  wages  of  operators  higher  or  lower  t — A.  They  are  lower. 

Q.  Is  there  the  same  esprit  de  corps  among  the  operators  now  that 
there  used  to  be  t — A.  I  think  not ;  there  is  a  general  feeling  among 
operators  which  culminated  in  the  strike  of  last  year  against  the  man- 
agement of  the  Western  Union.  In  some  localities  that  feeling  is 
stronger  than  in  others. 

Q.  And  that  interferes  more  or  less  with  the  efficiency  of  the  operat- 
ors, does  it  f — A.  I  think  so ;  yes,  sir.  My  experience  has  led  me  to 
that  conclusion. 

Q.  A  message  from  New  York  to  Chicago  is  transmitted  directly 
through,  is  it,  without  any  repeating  I— A.  Yes;  in  mostca^es,  where 
everything  is  favorable,  where  there  is  no  interruption  to  the  wires. 

Q.  As  a  rule  t — A.  As  a  rule ;  yes,  sir. 

Q.  There  is  a  relay  instrument  f — ^A.  Yes,  sir ;  there  are  what  we  call 
repeaters.  On  some  wires  there  is  one  repeater,  and  on  some  wires  two ; 
it  depends  a  good  deal  on  the  class  of  the  wire. 

Q.  On  the  best  wire  there  is  only  one  repeater,  is  there  t — A.  Yes, 
sir ;  under  favorable  circumstances. 

Q.  What  watching  does  the  repeater  require  f — A.  If  there  is  no  bad 
weather  or  other  interruption,  it  should  not  require  very  much  looking 
after  during  the  day.  If  there  is  bad  weather,  that  affects  what  we  call 
the  resistance  of  the  wire,  and  then  those  instruments  have  to  be 
attended  to  and  readjusted. 

Q.  Practically  speaking,  then,  there  is  no  perceptible  difference  be- 
tween sending  messages  from  New  York  to  Chicago  and  sending  them 
half  way,  is  there  f — A.  I  do  not  know  that  I  fully  get  the  meaning  of 
your  question. 

Q.  I  mean  to  say  that  it  costs  no  more  to  send  a  message  from  New 
York  to  Chicago  than  it  does  half  that  distance  or  a  quarter  of  that  dis- 
tance.— A.  Nothing,  only  the  cost  of  the  repeating  iustniments  and  the 
occasioual  time  that  is  required  to  attend  to  them. 

Q.  And  one  man  can  attend  to  a  dozen  of  those  repeating  instru- 
ments, can  he  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Practically  speaking,  does  it  not  cost  less  to  send  a  message  a 
long  distance  between  large  places  than  from  a  large  place  to  a  small 
place ;  that  is,  can  your  local  operator  receive  it  as  rapidly  as  t^e  one 
at  a  large  city  1 — A.  "So^  %\r  *)  \>Yifist^  9iX«  a  better  class  of  operators,  as  a 


TESTIMONY    OF   H.    8.    8MITH.  261 

general  thing,  on  the  larger  wires  than  there  are  on  the  local  wires.  Of 
coarse,  if  they  have  the  business  to  transmit  or  receive,  they  can  do 
more  than  one  who  is  on  a  local  wire. 

Q.  So  that  it  cats  down  the  efiQciency  of  the  operator  at  the  main 
office  to  send  to  a  local  office  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Practically  speaking,  then,  it  costs  more  to  send  to  a  small  office 
at  a  short  distance  than  it  does  a  long  distance  between  large  offices  t — 
A.  Yes,  sir;  yon  cannot  send  so  many  messages  in  the  same  length  of 
time. 

Q.  Now, 'what  is  the  character  of  the  business  of  the  Gold  and  Stock 
Telegraph  Company? — A.  They  famish  commercial  news — what  is 
called  the  commercial  news  department. 

Q.  What  time  do  they  begin  to  famish  their  news  t — ^A.  As  a  general 
thing,  there  is  the  foreign  market  comes  first;  it  used  to  reach  as  about 
8.30 :  from  that  time  until  later.  That  comes  in  code^nd  has  to  be  trans- 
lated, made  into  manifold  copies,  and  delivered.  The  foreign  market 
was  not  transmitted  in  Detroit  on  the  tickers;  it  was  delivered  to  private 
subscribers  by  messengers.    Then  after  that  come  the  regular  boards. 

Q.  Do  they  come  in  code,  or  in  ordinary  writing  t — ^A.  They  come  in 
code ;  that  is,  so  far  that  the  commodity  is  represented ;  for  instance, 
wheat  is  represented  by  W,  corn  by  C,  oats  by  O,  pork  by  P,  &c.;  ana 
the  months  are  represented  by  letters  which,  of  course,  do  not  conflict 
with  the  other  letters  that  are  used  for  the  commodities  themselves.  1 
think  January  is  F,  February  is  G,  March  is  H,  and  so  on. 

Q.  Those  reports  are  sent  out  by  the  tickers  t — A.  Yes,  sir ;  they  are 
sent  out  on  the  tickers,  not  in  cipher,  but  in  fuU,  translated.  The  Chicago 
market  lasts  from  9.30  a.  m.  until  1  o'clock  p.  m.,  Chicago  time,  and  then 
from  2  o'clock  to  3  p.  m.,  I  think. 

Q.  The  Gold  and  Stock  have  a  monopoly  of  all  this  class  of  business, 
have  they  not  t  Take, for  instance,  the  foreign  news;  have  they  a  mo- 
nopoly of  thatt — A.  I  think  they  have ;  yes,  sir. 

Q.  The  Gold  and  Stock  collects  the  news  abroad,  does  it  not  ? — ^A. 
That  is  the  way  I  understood  it — with  one  class  of  foreign  news,  at 
least,  what  we  call  Beerbohn ;  that  is  the  technical  name  for  that  class 
of  business.  The  way  I  have  understood  it  is  that  it  was  collected  by 
a  man  named  Beerbohn  in  London  and  furnished  by  him  to  the  Gold  and 
Stock. 

Q.  All  this  class  of  business  is  sent  and  received  by  your  regular 
operators  t — A.  As  a  general  rule  there  are  Ofierators  delegated  for  that 
part  of  the  work. 

Q.  Is  any  separate  account  kept  t — ^A.  I  cannot  sav  as  to  that. 

Q.  You  never  knew  of  any^  did  you,  in  your  office  f— A.  I  never  had 
anything  to  do  with  the  booking  department. 


»i3 


i    i 


I  I   • 


!  f 


I.'  '. 


« J 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


BIiVEBTOH  S.  OHAPKAH,  FOBlCBELT  OF  THE   MUTUAL   UHIOH 

TELEGRAPH  COMPAHT. 


February  26,  1884 

Elvebton  B.  Chapman  swoni  and  examined. 

By  the  Ohaibman  :  • 

Question.  State  what  connection  yon  have  had  with  telegraph  mat- 
ters.— Answer.  My  only  connection  with  the  telegraph  business  has 
been  the  construction  and  operation  of  the  lines  of  the  Mutual  XJuioa 
Telegraph  Company. 

Q.  You  had  the  superintendence  of  construction  of  those  lines  t — A. 
Of  portions  of  those  lines. 

Q.  In  what  portion  of  the  country  mostly  t — ^A.  I  constructed  the 
first  section  of  line  built  by  that  company  between  Boston  and  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  and  subsequently  constructed  and  operated  all  of  the  lines 
of  that  company  of  west  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Q.  Did  you  build  by  contract  f — A.  The  lines  were  built  under  a  con- 
tract made  between  the  telegraph  company  and  John  G.  Moore  &  Co., 
of  New  York. 

Q.  Moore  &  Co.  had  the  contract  with  the  company  T — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  You  were  doing  it  for  Moore  &  Co.  t — A.  I  represented  John  G. 
Moore  &  Co. 

Q.  What  were  the  general  terms  of  the  contract  of  Moore  &  Co.,  if 
you  know  t — A.  I  cannot  answer  that  question  except  by  hearsay,  for  I 
never  saw  the  contract,  and  could  not  testify  to  its  contents. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  on  what  terms  the  lines  were  built  !— A.  My  im- 
pression is  that  a  plan  was  prepared  for  a  telegraphic  system  that  should 
reach  certain  points  in  the  United  States,  with  lines  of  a  specified  charac- 
ter, and  that  a  certain,  specified  sum  of  money,  bonds,  and  stock  was  to 
be  furnished.  I  have  no  doubt  it  was  figured  out  per  mile,  but  how  it 
was  figured  per  mile  I  cannot  state ;  I  think  it  was  a  lump  sum,  aggre- 
gating so  much. 


264  TESTIMOKY    OF    E.    E.    CHAPMAN. 

Q.  Id  carrying  on  the  construction  of  these  lines  that  you  had  charge 
of  in  the  West  you  did  not  build  any  of  them  by  contract  f — A.  Yes ; 
I  built  a  portion  of  the  line  between  Cleveland  and  Chicago  by  con- 
tract, and  I  built  a  portion  of  the  line  between  Chicago  and  EjBinsas 
City  by  contract. 

Q.  What  was  the  character  of  the  line  between  Cleveland  and  Chi- 
cago f — A.  It  was  a  highway  line,  built  upon  public  highways,  of  30- 
foot  poles,  not  less  that  6  inches  at  the  top. 

Q.  Of  what  wood  t — A.  Cedar. 

Q.  All  cedar? — A.  Yes,  sir;  and  set  not  less  than  5  feet  in  the  ground, 
and  on  curves  and  corners  6  feet. 

Q.  How  many  wires  were  they  intended  to  carry  f — ^A.  Those  poles 
could  carry  about  sixteen  No.  6  and  No.  8  wires. 

Q.  What  you  would  call  a  very  heavy  line  t — A.  Yes ;  a  heavy,  sub- 
stantial trunk  line. 

Q.  How  many  wires  did  you  put  upon  the  line  t 

The  Witness.  At  that  time! 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

A.  When  the  line  was  originally  built  we  put  on  but  eight  wires  be- 
tween New  York  and  Chicago. 

Q.  Eight  No.  6  wires  T — A.  I  am  under  the  impression,  on  reflection, 
that  it  was  four  No.  6  and  four  No.  8  that  were  first  strung. 

Q.  In  letting  the  contraets,  did  you  let  them  covering  the  whole  con- 
struction, or  let  out  separate  contracts  for  the  poles  and  for  the  wires  t — 
A.  We  furnished  the  poles  and  all  the  materials  at  railroad  stations. 
There  was  only  about  110  miles  of  that  distance  that  was  built  by  con- 
tract. The  contractor  took  the  materials  from  the  railroad  stations,  dis- 
tributed them,  and  built  the  lines  under  the  inspection  of  our  inspectors. 

Q.  He  did  the  work! — A.  He  did  the  work. 

Q.  Nothing  else  f — A.  Nothing  else. 

Q.  Do  you  remember  what  you  paid  the  contractors  per  mile  for  doing 
the  work? — A.  I  do  not.  I  have  an  impression  that  the  contract  pro- 
vided for  stringing  four  wires,  and  that  I  subsequently  strung  the  other 
four ;  that  is  my  impression.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the  original 
contract  provided  for  setting  the  poles  and  stringing  four  wires,  at  pos- 
sibly tl25  per  mile;  I  cannot  be  certain  about  the  amount. 

Q.  Simply  for  doing  the  work? — A.  Putting  up  the  poles  and  distrib- 
uting the  material;  it  might  have  been  $100  a  mile,  I  cannot  say.  I  do 
not  think  it  was  less  than  tlOO,  and  I  think  it  was  $125. 

Q.  Can  you  inform  us  what  the  material  cost? — A.  I  cannot  give  you 
the  aggregate.  I  could  figure  it  up,  perhaps,  and  arrive  at  about  what 
it  cost,  but  it  would  vary;  one  mile  might  not  cost  just  what  another 
would.  I  purchased  these  poles  at  different  places,  paid  dififcrent  prices 
for  them,  and  the  rates  of  freight  from  difi'erent  points  would  vary ;  there 
fore,  the  cost  of  the  line  would  vary  in  different  sections  of  the  country. 
I  could  get  up  a  schedule  of  about  the  prices,  but  I  cannot  now  give 
you  definite  information. 

Q.  Have  you  no  books  from  which  you  can  obtain  the  exact  figures  ? — 
A.  No,  sir;  all  books  relating  to  accounts  of  John  B.  Moore  &  Co.,  in 
my  of^ce  in  Chicago,  were  put  up  and  shipped  to  the  home  office  in  New 
York.    I  have  no  book  or  record  of  those  transactions. 

Q.  I  would  like  to  have  you,  if  you  can,  give  us  as  nearly  as  possible, 
your  ideas  as  to  what  the  cost  of  building  those  lines  was  then,  and 
what  the  cost  would  tlo\^  V^e^  o^XixiA^wi^Xvas^  oilXk^t  kind. 

The  Witness.  Sba\\l^\vfe^^o\vx\i^^^viK\%\    ^      ^^ 
The  Ch airm: AN .  GWe  \\.  m  tomv^^  ^^x^  Vst  XXi^  ^V^\^^ 


TESTIMONY   OP   E.    R.   CHAPMAN.  265 

A.  The  material  probably  cost,  landed  at  stations,  from  $200  to  $225 
-per  ihile,  including  the  four  wires,  if  I  have  figured  it  correctly. 

Q.  That  would  make  the  whole  cost,  including  the  work,  $350  ?— A. 
From  $325  to  $350  per  mile. 

Q.  This  was  a  very  superior  line,  was  it  not  f — A.  Yes,  sir ;  the  best 
line  that  could  be  built 

Q.  Of  cedar  poles,  large  size,  set  deep,  with  cross-arms. — A.  Yes,  sir; 
four-wire  cross-arms. 

Q.  And  capable  of  carrying  .sixteen  wires  ? — A.  Yes ;  those  cross- 
arms  were  madeof  clear  lumber,  seasoned,  without  a  flaw,  without  a  knot, 
and  of  course  that  sort  of  thing  is  expensive.  Yon  can  build  a  telegraph 
line  of  such  material  as  you  could  get  in  the  market,  buying  as  cheaply 
as  possible,  of  poor  quality,  for  a  great  deal  less  money.  But  we  started 
out  with  the  idea  that  it  was  economy  to  build  the  best  line  that  money 
could  build.  We  spared  no  expense  in  building,  and  the  result  was 
what  we  anticipated,  that  the  cost  of  the  maintenance  was  very  much 
reduced ;  we  have  lines  that  will  stand  up. 

Q.  Is  there  any  better  line  than  that  constructed  in  the  country  ? — 
A.  No,  sir ;  there  is  no  line  so  good,  in  my  judgment ;  I  have  never  seen 
one.  tJnderstand,  a  line  might  be  better  located.  If  you  are  building 
along  the  winding  highway  that  does  not  run  on  section  lines  you 
are  obliged  te  locate  your  line,  of  course  frequently  crossing  the  high- 
way in  order  to  avoid  shade  trees  and  other  obstructions,  and  there- 
fore yon  will  not  have  so  good  a  line  as  if  you  were  running  it  on  a 
straight  railroad,  for  instance.  For  that  reason  the  material  must  be 
the  very  best  of  everything,  and  the  line  must  be  set  in  such  a  way  as 
to  withstand  any  pressure  that  is  brought  upon  it.  The  strain  on  a  tele- 
graph pole  is  very  great.  We  draw  the  wires  as  taut  as  they  can  be 
drawn,  and  the  strain  on  street  corners  and  curves  is  very  great.  Every 
pole  on  a  corner  or  curve  was  guyed  and  braced,  so  as  te  withstand  any 
strain  that  might  be  brought  upon  it^ — sixteen  wires,  for  instance. 

Q.  What  would  be  the  comparative  cost  of  constructing  such  a  line 
now  ?  Would  it  be  materially  different  from  what  it  was  at  that  time? 
Wire  is  cheaper,  is  it  not  t — A.  I  think  wire  is  a  little  cheaper,  but  I 
think  poles  are  advancing  a  little ;  that  is  my  experience.  The  poles 
that  I  bought  were  $1.50  apiece,  and  after  the  expiration  of  one  year 
such  poles  had  gone  up  to  $1.75.  How  much  they  have  gone  up  since 
that  I  do  not  know. 

Q.  State  whether,  on  the  whole,  you  think  the  cost  would  be  less  or 
more  now. — A.  I  do  not  think  it  would  vary  materially,  so  far  as  the 
actual  construction  is  concerned. 

Q.  Where  did  those  poles  come  from  f — A.  From  Michigan,  Wiscon 
sin,  and  Canada. 

Q.  They  were  all  brought  from  a  distance  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Were  they  brought  to  Cleveland  by  laket — A.  No,  sir;  all  were 
sent  through  by  rail ;  none  of  the  poles  used  in  that  line  were  brought 
by  water. 

Q.  And  they  were  then  distributed  from  the  main  stations  on  the  rail- 
road by  wagons,  I  suppose  t — A.  Yes. 

Q.  The  cost  of  distribution  must  have  been  very  considerable  ? — A. 
Yes ;  that  was  included  in  the  contract. 

Q.  In  the  contract  for  $125  a  mile  f — A.  That  included  the  distribu- 
tion of  all  the  material. 

Q.  From  the  railroad  stations  ? — ^A.  Yes. 

Q.  How  long  would  a  line  of  that  kind  stand,  aside  firom  accidente, 


266  TESTIMONY    OF   E.    K.    CHAPMAN. 

breakage  from  trees  falling,  or  something  of  that  kind  f — A.  That  would 
depend  very  much  on  the  character  of  the  soil  in  which  the  poles  were  set 

.Q.  Cedar  posts  are  very  durable  t — ^A.  Yes :  that  and  chestnut  are 
the  only  two  kinds  of  wood  that  are  suitable  ror  telegraph  lines.  On 
the  average,  I  think — I  get  my  information  from  men  of  much  longer 
experience  in  this  business  than  mine — ^the  life  of  a  telegraph  pole  is 
from  ten  to  fifteen  years.  You  should,  in  the  first  instance,  use  a  good 
long  pole,  so  that  afterwards  you  can  cut  it  off  at  the  iwint  where  it 
rots,  which  is  between  wind  and  water,  and  then  you  can  reset  those 
poles  by  letting  them  down,  and  you  have  another  ten  years'  lease  of 
life,  so  to  speak. 

Q.  Do  not  cedar  poles  set  in  the  ground  generally  last  longer  than 
ten  years  t — ^A.  They  tell  me  not.    I  have  not  had  ten  years'  experieoce. 

The  Ghatbman.  I  have  known  chestnut  fence-posts  to  stand  twenty 
years. 

The  Witness.  It  depends  very  considerably  on  the  character  of  the 
soil.  I  am  told  in  some  soils  a  chestnut  pole  would  rot  through  in  five 
years.    The  chemical  properties  of  the  soil  have  something  to  do  with  it. 

Q.  What  was  the  character  of  the  other  line  you  mentioned,  west  of 
Chicago ;  was  that  a  cheaper  line  f — ^A.  All  the  linens  west  of  Chicago 
were  cheaper. 

Q.  Were  the  lines  you  built  from  Chicago  to  Kansas  City  about  the 
same,  on  the  average,  as  the  lines  west  of  Chicago,  or  were  they  superior 
to  most  of  them  T — A.  The  line  from  Chicago  to  Saint  Louis  was  a  little 
better  line  in  some  respects  than  the  line  through  to  Kansas  City.  The 
line  from  Chicago  to  Saint  Louis  was  a  very  good  one,  not  so  good  a» 
either  of  the  trunk  lines  from  Chicago  eastwai^,  but  still  it  was  an  ex- 
cellent, first-class  25-foot  line^  and  built  along  the  railroad,  just  outside 
of  the  right  of  way  of  the  Chicago  and  Alton  Bailroad. 

Q.  Just  over  the  line  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Give  us,  as  nearly  as  you  can,  the  cost  of  the  lines  from  Chicago 
to  Kansas  City,  describing,  in  the  first  place,  the  quality  of  the  line.— 
A.  The  line  from  Chicago  to  Kansas  City  is  on  the  same  poles  as  the 
Saint  Louis  line  as  far  as  Springfield,  111.  Then  a  separate  line  of  poles 
was  set  from  that  point  to  Kansas  City. 

Q.  Then  take  the  line  from  Springfield  to  E^ansas  City,  if  you  please.— 
A.  That  was  a  25-foot  5-inch  line. 

Q.  That  is,  5  inches  was  the  size  of  the  pole  at  the  small  end,  and  the 
pole  was  25  feet  long  f — A.  Yes ;  and  it  had  but  two  wires. 

Q.  It  had  cross-arms  T — A.  Yes,  sir ;  cross-arms  for  four  wires,  with 
but  two  wires  strung  on  it. 

Q.  It  was  built  to  carry  four  wires  f — A.  Yes ;  with  an  additional 
gain  for  one  additional  cross-arm  in  case  it  was  decided  to  put  it  on  sub- 
sequently. 

Q.  How  many  wires  could  you  have  strung  on  that  linet — A.  A  line 
of  as  light  poles  as  those  ought  not  to  have  over  four  wires  to  hold  them 
up  iu  good  shape. 

Q.  What  was  the  wood  used  t — A.  Cedar. 

Q.  Brought  from  the  same  places  as  the  other? — A.  Yes;  there  is 
no  cedar  in  the  Western  States  except  in  the  lake  regions. 

Q.  It  was  a  first-class  line  of  lighter  capacity  t — A.  Yes,  a  first-class 
liih-  in  every  respect ;  but  having  only  two  wires  upon  it,  it  was  not 
necessary  to  guy  and  brace  it  as  firmly  as  a  larger  line. 

Q.  Does  the  line  from  Springfield  to  Kansas  City  follow  railroads!— 
A.  Yes,  sir ;  follows  the  Chicago  and  Alton  Kailroad. 

Q.  From  Springfield  to  Kansas  City  t — ^A.  From  Springfield  to  Jack- 


TESTIMONY    OP   E.    R.    CHAPMAN.  267 

soDville,  111.,  it  followed  the  Wabash  road;  from  Jacksouville  to  Kansas 
City,  the  Chicago  and  Altou. 

Q.  Was  it  on  the  railroad  right  of  wayt — A.  No,  sir;  just  off  the 
right  of  way. 

Q.  I  think  perhaps  that  is  sufficient  of  the  details  as  to  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  line.  Now  give  us  your  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  line  from 
Springfield  to  Kansas  City. — A.  A  part  of  that  line  was  constructed  by 
contract. 

Q.  Inchidiiig  material  and  workt — A.  No,  sir;  we  furnished  all  the 
materials.  Outside  of  the  right  of  way  I  suppose  that  line  cost  in  the 
neighborhood  of  $225  a  mile,  entire  cost.  But  these  figures  are  rather 
hurriedly  made  and  I  may  be  wrong;  but  I  do  not  think  1  am  very  far 
out  of  the  way. 

Q.  What  did  your  right  of  way  costt — A.  That  depends  very  much 
on  the  questioif  whether  you  are  building  on  the  highways  or  on  rail- 
roads; 

Q.  This  line  was  just  off  the  right  of  way  of  railroads,  as  I  under- 
stand?— A.  Yes;  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  have  anything  to  pay  for  the  right  of  way  in  that  case  f — 
A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  To  the  people  who  owned  the  adjoining  land  to  the  railroad  right 
of  way  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  In  every  case  did  you  have  something  to  pay  t — A.  No,  sir;  in 
many  cases  not.  It  was  necessary  to  negotiate  with  every  individual 
property-holder  having  land  adjacent  to  the  railroad.  We  made  the 
best  terms  we  could.  Very  often  it  was  a  mere  nominal  consideration 
of  $1.  Then  again,  we  would  strike  a  neighborhood  where  there  would 
be  some  obstreperous  old  chap  that  would  get  up  a  feeling  an targonis tic 
to  us  and  insist  upon  being  paid  something,  and  then  the  whole  neigh- 
borhood would  be  striking  us  for  money.  If  we  could  not  get  through 
peaceably  we  had  to  force  our  way  through  by  condemnation  proce^- 
ings.  t 

Q.  Did  you  in  some  cases  condemn  rights  of  way  t — ^A.  Yes,  but  not 
many. 

Q.  What  were  the  damages  assessed  against  you  in  such  cases  t  I 
am  speaking  now  of  going  through  an  ordinary  farming  country. — A. 
They  vary  ver>  much.  One  jury,  I  remember,  awarded  $10  per  pole 
damages,  but  that  verdict  was  subsequently  set  aside  by  the  court.  It 
varied,  I  suppose,  from  $1  to  $10  per  pole. 

Q.  Per  pole  or  per  mile  f — A.  Per  x)ole. 

Q.  Did  you  pay  in  any  case  $10  a  pole  going  through  the  country  f — 
A.  No ;  there  was  only  one  case,  I  think,  where  the  jury  awarded  $10 
per  pole,  and  that  was  overruled,  and  I  think  was  subsequently  cut  down 
to  $6  or  $5.  It  depended  altogether  upon  the  kind  of  a  fight  we  h»d 
against  us.  Some  farmer  would  convince  a  jury  that  it  was  an  absolute 
damage  to  a  10-foot  strip  along  the  whole  front  of  that  property,  and 
they  would  take  that  into  consideration  and  charge  it  up  at  a  very  high 
rate.  In  other  places  the  condemnation  would  only  be  for  a  space  i> 
leet  wide,  large  enough  to  set  the  poles.  We  were  not  very  particular 
what  we  got  so  that  we  had  some  rights  that  we  could  depend  upon. 

Q.  Can  you  make  an  estimate  of  the  average  cost  on  that  line  for  the 
rights  of  way  per  mile  ? — A.  I  do  not  think  I  can ;  I  have  not  the  data. 

Q.  I  suppose  there  was  a  large  part  of  the  country  where  the  people 
did  not  object  to  having  the  poles  placed  ! — A.  Oh,  yes ;  I  supi>ose  50 
per  cent,  of  the  property  owners  allowed  us  to  go  though  for  a  mere 
nominal  consideration :  the  other  50  per  cent,  had  to  be  negotiated  with. 


n 


III 


{ 


268  TESTIMONT   OF   £.    B     CHAFMAK. 

In  some  caaes  a  man  would  own  property  for  half  a  mfle  alcrngthe  Use, 
and  we  wonld  pay  him  only  $5  or  tlO  for  the  entire  right  of  way  aknf 
hl8  land. 

Q.  Was  there  another  telegraph  line  on  the  right  of  way  c^  this  rail- 
road f — Ah  Yes, 

Q.  What  line  f — A.  The  joint  line  of  the  Western  Union  and  tk 
Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad  Company. 

Q.  Did  the  Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad  distribate  yoar  material  at 
yoQ  wanted  it  f — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Did  they  carry  it  for  70a  t^  *he  stations  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  they  charge  you  full  freight  T — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

By  Senatpr  Jackson  : 
Q.  You  mean  local  rates  ? — A.  Yes^  sir. 

By  the  Chaibman  : 

Q.  Then  you  had  to  cart  it  from  the  stations  along  your  line!— A 
Yes,  sir. 

Q.  By  the  nearest  wagon  roads  t — ^A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  It  would  have  made  a  very  large  difference  in  the  cost  if  the  raii- 
road  company  had  distributed  the  materials  along  its  right  of  way  t— 
A.  A  very  great  difference  in  the  cost  of  distribution. 

Q.  Can  3'ou  give  an  estimate  of  what  this  line  would  have  cost  if  they 
had  been  allowed  to  build  on  the  railroad  right  of  way,  and  the  railroad 
company  had  distributed  your  material  as  they  would  have  done  in 
building  a  line  for  the  Western  Union  Company  f — A.  That  depends 
largely  upon  the  kinds  of  roads  you  have.  In  a  dry  season  when  yoa 
can  put  on  a  load  of  eight  to  ten  poles  and  distribute  them,  the  expense 
wonld  not  be  so  heavy,  but  in  a  wet  season  in  that  country,  which,  for 
some  portions  of  the  year  is  practically  bottomless,  the  expense  is  very 
great.  I  have  seen  four  horses  struggling  with  three  poles  and  stopping 
every  few  minutes  in  order  to  have  the  mud  shoveled  out  that  had  piled 
up  in  front  of  the  axles  of  the  wagon.  If  you  strike  into  a  season  of  that 
kind  the  expense  is  enormous  for  the  distribution  of  materials. 

Q.  Considering  all  the  variations  in  conditions,  can  you  make  a  roagfa 
estimate  of  how  much  it  would  have  cost  you  if  you  had  had  those  ^• 
vantages  t — ^A.  I  should  say  from  t25  to  t50  a  mile  less.  I  cannot  make 
any  closer  estimate  than  that. 

Q.  Where  you  built,  as  you  did  your  Cleveland  and  Chicago  line, 
along  public  highways,  wagon  roads,  did  you  have  any  trouble  io  se- 
curing the  right  of  way? — A.  Not  generally  through  the  country.  There, 
too,  you  frequently  strike  the  obstreperous  yeoman  who  insists  that  yoa 
have  no  right  to  go  along  that  road,  and  you  may  have  to  quiet  him 
with  a  liberal  administration  of  greenbacks,  or  he  may  stir  up  a  horoet's 
nest  that  may  cost  you  a  thousand  dollars.  That  is  largely  a  matter  of 
luck. 

Q.  Could  they  have  prevented  you  from  building  on  the  public 
roads  f — A.  It  depends  on  what  State  you  are  in.  In  the  State  of  Indi- 
ana a  telegraph  company  has  no  rights  upon  the  public  highways,  an- 
der  the  legislation  of  the  State.  In  the  State  of  Ohio,  however,  tele- 
graph companies  have  very  extensive  rights  upon  the  highways ;  they 
have  the  right  of  way  upon  any  public  highway  of  the  State,  the  right 
to  cross  any  public  bridge,  and  all  that  sort  of  thing.  In  the  State  of 
Michigan  the  rights  of  telegraph  companies  are  not  so  well  defined  as 
in  the  State  of  Ohio.  But  that  is  a  question  that  is  always  agitating 
the  mind  of  the  average  country  lawyer,  and  it  is  one  that,  in  bailding 


TESTIMONT   OF   £.   R.   CHAPMAN.  269 

telegraph  lines,  is  liable  to  give  yoa  a  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  does 
give  you  a  great  deal  of  trouble.  The  rights  of  property-holders  abut- 
ting on  the  highways,  and  the  rights  of  corporations  to  build  telegraph 
lines  upon  them,  are  not  so  clearly  defined  as  they  ought  to  be. 

Q.  On  this  line  from  Springfield  to  Kansas  City  yon  stated  that  you 
built  just  off  the  right  of  way  of  the  railroad  company,  and  that  they 
offered  you  no  facilities  for  constructing  your  line ;  why  was  that  ? — A. 
It  was  alleged  by  the  officials  of  the  railroad  company  that  it  would  be 
in  violation  of  their  contract  with  the  Western  Union  Company  to  give 
us  any  facilities  whatever. 

Q.  Did  you  find  that  generally  the  case  in  constructing  lines  in  the 
Western  country  t — A.  Always. 

Q.  Were  you  ever  able  to  construct  any  line  on  the  right  of  way  of 
railroad  companies  t — ^A.  Ifo,  sir. 

Q.  It  was  always  for  that  reason,  was  it  t — A.  Always  for  that  reason. 

Q.  In  every  case  it  turned  out  tnat  the  railroad  company  had  a  con- 
tract with  the  Western  Union  giving  them  exclusive  rights  to  the  right 
of  way  7 — A.  Yes,  sir.  I  would  say  this,  however,  that  the  railroad  of- 
ficials of  maDy  of  the  roads  in  the  Western  States  have  expressed  them- 
selves as  being  anxious  and  willing  to  give  us  every  possible  facility, 
and  regretted  that  they  were  unable  to  do  so. 

Q.  They  had  no  unfriendly  feeling  towards  your  company,  bat  were 
simply  bound  up  by  the  contract! — A.  Bound  by  the  contract. 

Q.  Did  you  ever  try  to  obtain  a  right  of  way  by  condemnation  within 
a  railroad  right  of  way  f — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  You  considered  it  cheaper  to  go  outside?— A.  Yes,  sir ;  the  right 
to  build  a  telegraph  line  upon  the  right  of  way  of  a  railroad  company 
would  be  of  little  value  without  the  good  will  and  co-operation  of  the 
railroad  company. 

Q.  Was  this  line  you  constructed  from  Springfield  to  Kansas  City 
about  a  fair  specimen  of  your  lines  other  than  the  main  trunk  lines,  or 
did  you  build  many  cheaper  lines  f — A.  That  was  about  a  fair  specimen. 
The  line  from  Milwaukee  to  Saint  Paul  was  of  about  the  same  charac- 
ter, but  along  the  highways.  The  line  from  Indianapolis  to  Louisville, 
110  miles,  was  alongside  of  a  railroad ;  that  was  about  the  same  char- 
acter. 

Q»  Do  you  not,  in  some  places,  construct  lines  of  only  one  wire,  and 
without  any  cross-arms? — A.  I  never  built* but  one  line  with  one  wire, 
and  there  we  had  a  cross-arm  in  anticipation  of  another  wire. 

Q.  Where  you  use  two  wires,  you  always  use  cross-arms?— A.  Yes, 
sir ;  and  it  would  be  advisable  to  put  up  cross-arms  if  there  is  any 
probability  of  another  wire  being  strung  within  a  few  years. 

Q.  Can  you  inform  us  with  reference  to  the  relative  cost  of  such  a 
line  as  you  constructed  compared  with  such  lines  as  commonly  existed 
there  or  had  been  constructed  before? — A.  No,  sir :  I  do  not  think  I 
could,  not  having  any  knowledge  as  to  the  cost  of  the  other  lines. 

Q.  Were  not  most  of  the  lines  through  that  section  very  much  more 
cheaply  constructed  than  yours  ? — A.  I  should  say  they  were.  Many  of 
them  were  old  lines  that  had  been  built  a  good  many  years  ago,  when 
it  was  not  the  custom  to  build  as  good  lines  as  now-a-days. 

Q.  Did  you  construct  any  considerable  amount  of  lines  over  public 
lands  ? — A.  None  at  all  that  I  am  aware  of. 

By  Mr.  Hubbabd  : 

Q.  Would  10  i)er  cent,  a  year  keep  telegraph  lines  in  repair  forever  ? — 
A.  Ten  per  cent,  a  year  would  furnish  the  renewals.    That  is,  I  would 


270  TESTIMONY    OF   E.    R.    CHAPMAN. 

estimate  that  the  lines  would  last  ten  years,  and  if  yon  annually  pat 
in  10  x>er  cent,  for  renewals  (that  is,  new  cross-arms,  &c.),  of  coarse yoa 
would  keep  yonr  line  up.  What  we  call  repairs  is  the  matter  of  refMur- 
ing  temporary  breaks,  which  would  be  in  addition  to  that.  That  qaes- 
tioD  of  repairs  is  one  that  gives  telegisaph  companies  a  great  deal  of 
trouble. 

Q.  Cannot  highway  lines  of  twenty  or  thirty  wires  be  maintained  as 
cheaply  as  a  railroad  linet  I  am  not  talking  about  first  cost  of  con- 
struction ? — ^A.  As  the  wires  increase  the  liability  to  trouble  increases; 
you  are  more  liable  to  have  wires  out  of  order  the  more  wires  vou  have. 
For  a  commercial  line  between  New  York  and  Chicago,  doing  the  basi- 
ness  that  we  did — we  catered  to  the  speculative  business,  and  did  a  very 
large  per  cent,  of  it — I  think  I  would  rather  have  a  highway  line  than 
a  railroad  line,  but  that  kind  of  a  line  would  be  a  little  expensive  to  keep 
up.  However,  I  should  have  linemen  stationed  so  frequently  that  the 
line  would  always  be  up  every  morning  before  9  o'clock  after  any  inter- 
rui>tion.  Whereas,  in  case  of  a  railros^  line,  if,  on  making  a  test,  yoa 
find  the  wires  down  at  6  o'clock  a.  m.  between  Adrian,  Mich.,  for  in- 
stance, and  Three  Bivers,  Mich.,  on  that  stretch  of  30  miles  there  per- 
haps is  not  a  train  before  11  o'clock  in  the  morning  on  which  a  line- 
man could  go  to  look  for  this  trouble.  But  if  you  are  on  a  highway  be- 
tween Three  Rivers  and  Adrian  you  start  your  linemen  out  of  Three 
Rivers  very  early  in  the  morning  after  a  break,  driving  at  the  rate  they 
drive  in  that  coautr}'  over  good,  hard  roads,  and  the  break  will  here- 
paired  and  communication  re- established  along  the  whole  line.  If  nec- 
essary, you  could  cover  the  whole  line  between  New  York  and  Chicajjo 
in  the  same  way.  Yoo  could  absolutely  cover  every  inch  of  line  between 
New  York  and  Chicajxo  before  9  o'clock  every  morning,  so  that  you  would 
have  a  reliable  line,  whereas  on  the  railroad  lines  you  have  to  await  the 
moving  of  trains.  There  are  many  reasons  why  a  highway  line  for  com- 
mercial purposes  is  very  desirable. 
By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Stations  on  railway  lines  are  nearer  together  on  the  average, 
though,  than  on  highway  lines,  are  they  nott — A.  I  hardly  think  they 
will  average  more  so  than  on  the  lines  we  built.  We  put  in  our  sta- 
tions very  frequently.  They  will  have  an  office  at  every  railroad  sta- 
tion, for  instance,  but  you  will  notice  that  but  one  wire  comes  in  for 
railroad  purposes.    All  the  wires  do  not  go  in  to  every  station. 

Q.  But  you  can  ascertain  whether  there  is  difficulty  between  stations 
by  the  use  of  one  wire  t — A.  Oh,  no ;  unless  the  wires  come  in  so  that 
you  can  make  a  test.  If  only  one  wire  comes  in,  that  is  the  only  wire 
upon  which  you  can  make  a  test  at  that  small  station.  The  others  can 
only  be  tested  between  the  principal  points. 

The  Chairman.  I  call  your  attention  to  a  statement  of  the  Western 
Union  Company,  in  their  annual  report  for  1869,  in  which  they  state 
they  had  constructed  from  July  1,  1866,  to  July  1, 1869,  7,968  miles 
of  poles  and  something  over  18,000  miles  of  wire,  which  is  about  two 
and  a  quarter  miles  of  wire,  on  the  average,  to  a  mile  of  poles.  They 
report  that  the  total  cost  of  that  construction  was  $1,238,000,  which  is 
an  average  of  $150  a  mile  for  everything,  including  the  poles  and  the 
two  and  a  quarter  miles  of  wire  to  a  mile  of  poles.  That  is  a  cheaper 
average  than  any  you  have  described. 

The  Witness.  Does  the  report  set  forth  that  that  amount  of  line  was 
constructed  wholly  by  the  telegraph  company  I 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

The  Witness.  You  probably  understand  that  many  of  the  contracts 


TESTIMONY    OF   E.   K.    CHAPMAN.  271 

between  the  Western  Union  Company  and  the  railroad  companies  pro* 
vide  that  the  railroad  shall  famish  the  poles  and  set  them,  and  that  the 
telegraph  company  will  then  string  wires  and  ftumish  instruments.  It 
is  possible  that  that  is  that  kind  of  coustraction.  Most*of  the  Western 
railroad  contracts  within  a  few  years,  and  some  that  have  expired,  were 
upon  that  basis. 

Q.  In  that  case  the  company  would  not  have  a  sole  ownership  in  the 
line  f — A.  No,  sir.  There  are  very  few  lines  in  the  United  States  that 
that  company  has  sole  ownership  of,  I  think. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Green  stated  yesterday  that  they  had  absolute 
ownership  of  114,000  miles. 

By  Mr.  Hubbard  : 

Q.  I  suppose  a  line  of  telegraph  along  a  railroad  where  they  would 
take  trees  and  use  them  for  poles  would  cost  very  much  less  than  the 
price  you  have  given  f — ^A.  Oh,  yes  5  but  that  would  not  be  practicable. 
Ton  cannot  use  any  kind  of  wood  for  poles  that  you  find  along  the  rail- 
road. 

By  Mr.  Lines  : 

Q.  A  railroad  company  would  not  buy  poles  four  or  five  hundred 
miles  away ;  in  that  case  the  telegraph  company  would  furnish  the  poles 
usually,  would  they  not  t — A.  Oh,  no,  sir ;  there  are  two  large  concerns 
in  Chicago  that  handle  annually,  I  suppose,  from  700,000  to  1,000,000 
telegraph  poles.  They  are  sold  and  shipped  to  all  points  throughout 
the  Western  States  and  Territories.  I  have  seen  poles  consigned  to  El 
Paso  from  Chicago. 

Q.  Consigned  to  a  railroad  company  or  a  telegraph  company  ? — A. 
Consigned  to  a  railroad  company.  Then  again,  there  are  other  contracts 
where  the  telegraph  company  furnishes  everything.  I  presume  on  such 
trunk  lines  as  the  Pennsylvania  Central,  for  instance,  they  own  their 
entire  line. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  It  is  your  opinion  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  lines  which  the 
Western  Union  Company  claims  ownership  of  were  constructed  in  part 
by  the  railroad  companies  f — A.  I  would  not  like  to  give  an  opinion 
generally,  for  I  do  not  know  much  of  the  country.  But  so  far  as  my 
information  goes  in  regard  to  the  western  country,  that  is  the  case.  I 
cannot  testify  to  it  because  I  do  not  know  it.  I  have  seen  copies  of 
some  of  those  contracts,  but  have  never  seen  the  original  contracts,  of 
course,  and  I  only  know  by  hearsay. 

Q.  Were  you  employed  in  connection  with  the  Mutual  Union  Com- 
pany up  to  the  time  the  Western  Union  acquired  its  property! — A.  Yes; 
I  was  the  general  superintendent  of  the  western  division/ 

Q.  Can  you  inform  the  committee  about  what  length  of  lines  they 
had  at  that  time  f — A.  No ;  I  could  not  give  you  the  length  of  the  lines 
in  the  Eastern  States ;  I  have  no  knowledge,  except  from  what  I  have 
been  told. 

Q.  What  is  your  opinion  on  the  subject !  You  must  know  some- 
where near. — A.  I  think  the  Mutual  Union  Telegraph  Company  had 
somewhere  between  7,000  and  8,000  miles  of  poles,  and  somewhere  be- 
tween 40,000  and  50,000  miles  of  wire. 

Q.  Have  you  any  idea  as  to  what  the  cash  cost  of  the  property  trans- 
ferred was  f — A.  No ;  I  have  not.  Everything  was  consolidated  in  New 
York,  and  it  was  a  matter  with  which  I  had  no  connection. 


272  TESTIMONY   OF   E.    R.    CHAPMAN. 

Q.  Did  yon  meet  any  serions  obstacles  in  the  way  of  oonstmcting 
your  lines,  on  acconnt  of  opposition  made  by  other  companies  t — A. 
Yes;  we  met  with  the  usual  opposition  which  competing  companies 
have  to  encounter. 

Q.  Were  there  many  suits  commenced  against  you  ?— A.  There  were  a 
great  many  suits  commenced  against  the  company,  of  which  I  have  no 
personal  knowledge,  principally  in  the  Eastern  States.  There  were  not 
many  suits  commenced  in  the  Western  States,  in  fact  none  commenced 
by  the  telegraph  company ;  litigation  was  commenced  by  individuals 
very  frequently. 

Q.  Wa«  that  litigation  instigated  by  other  telegraph  companies,  as  a 
geqeral  rule? — ^A.  We  had  a  very  strong  suspicion  that  that  was  the 
case  in  many  instances. 

Q.  Do  you  not  know,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  that  there  were  a  great 
many  suits  instituted  to  embarrass  your  operations  that  were  instigated 
by  the  Western  Union  Company  t — A.  Perhaps  not  so  many  suits  as 
hindrances  and  stumbling-blocks  thrown  in  our  path  in  this  way:  My 
men,  obtaining  rights  of  way  along  a  railroad,  for  instance,  would  find 
that  some  one  had  got  in  in  advance  of  them,  and  made  contracts  with  the 
land  owners,  ostensibly  with  a  view  to  building  a  new  telegraph  line,  by 
which  contract  the  land  owner  gave  to  this  individual,  as  trustee,  the 
exclusive  right  of  way  across  his  property.  The  average  land  owner 
was,  of  course,  when  we  came  to  negotiate  for  our  lines,  while  anxious 
to  see  us  go  through,  when  the  matter  wjis  explained  to  them,  very 
averse  to  giving  us  any  rights  for  fear  of  litigation.  The  consequence 
was  that  we  very  frequently  had  trouble  of  that  kind*  An  agent  of  the 
Western  Union  Company  would  interview  a  neighborhood  of  land  own- 
ers and  make  contracts  with  them,  ostensibly  for  the  construction  of  a 
new  telegraph  line,  agreeing,  on  the  payment  of  $1  and  the  execution 
of  the  contract,  to  give  $10  per  pole  when  the  line  was  built.  They  sup- 
posing that  it  was  a  bona  fids  transaction,  and  supposing  that  a  company 
was  coming  along  building  lines,  were  supposed  to  object  to  our  coming, 
and  we  had  a  great  deal  of  trouble  of  that  kind  all  over  the  Western 
States,  and  it  led  to  delays,  embarrassments,  and  expense.  That  is  the 
only  way  in  which  we  were  annoyed. 

Q.  That  proceeding  must  have  been  instigated  by  other  telegraph 
companies,  of  course  ? — A.  I  succeeded  in  fastening  it  down  in  one  or 
two  instances  upon  agents  of  the  Western  Union  Company. 

Q.  That  was  really  the  principal  embarrassment  you  had  in  getting 
through  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  And  it  really  increased  very  largely  your  cost  for  right  of  way  f — 
A.  Yes,  sir.  Then  we  were  always  subjected  to  opposition  fipom  un- 
known sources  in  every  town  that  we  attempted  to  go  through,  and  very 
frequently  that  was  probably  stirred  up  and  brought  about  by  other 
companies. 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


JOHN  0.  VAV  DUZEBy  FOSMESLT  OOHGflBVOIOB  OF  UHHED  STATB8 

MniTABT  TELEGRAPH  LIHE8. 


Mwrdk  4, 1884. 
John  G.  Van  Duzbb  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Question.  What  is  your  occupation  t — ^Answer.  I  am  a  printer  and 
publisher. 

Q.  Publisher  of  a  newspaper  t — A.  Yes. 

Q.  What  is  the  name  of  the  paper  you  publish  t — A.  It  is  called  the 
Iron  Port,  and  is  published  at  Escanaba,  Mich. 

Q.  Have  you  ever  had  any  connection  with  the  telegraph  business  t — 
A.  I  was  formerly  engaged  in  telegraphing. 

Q.  What  class  of  work  did  you  do  in  connection  with  telegraphing  t — 
A.  I  may  say  that  I  have  been  connected  with  all  the  work  of  telegraph- 
ing, from  building  to  managing. 

Q.  Have  you  constructed  lines  t — ^A.  I  have. 

Q.  Where  t — ^A.  In  the  States  south  of  the  Ohio  Biver,  during  the  re- 
bellion, in  the  State  of  Texas,  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  in  the  Terri- 
tories of  New  Mexico,  Montana,  and  Dakota. 

Q.  What  lines  have  yon  constructed  since  the  wart— A.  Those  in 
Texas,  the  Indian  Territory,  New  Mexico,  Montana,  and  Dakota. 

Q.  What  extent  of  lines! — A.  Altogether  about  4,^^)0  miles. 

Q.  Is  that  the  extent  of  lines  you  have  constructed  since  the  wart — 
A.  Yes^  sir. 

Q.  How  many  miles  did  you  construct  in  the  State  of  Texas  t — ^A. 
Something  over  1,200,  including  a  short  branch  reaching  into  the  Indian 
Territory. 

Q.  For  whom  did  you  construct  the  Texas  lines  t — A.  For  the  (Gov- 
ernment. 

S.  Rep.  577,  pt.  2 18  873 


274  TESTIMONY   OF  JOHN   C.   VAN  DUZEB. 


» *.t 


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Q.  Under  tbe  War  Department. — ^A.  Under  the  direction  of  the 
Chief  Signal  Officer. 
«f  Q.  What  are  called  military  lines. — A.  Yes ;  they  were  called  mili- 

tary lines. 

Q.  State  what  time  these  Texas  lines  were  constracted. — A.  In  the 
years  1874  aud  1875. 

Q.  Now,  please  give  us  an  idea  of  the  cost  of  building  those  liDes,  80 
for  as  yon  can^  giving  the  separate  items. — A.  The  cost  of  the  materials 
entering  into  the  lines,  as  near  as  I  can  now  estimate,  without  reference 
to  any  records,  did  not  exceed  $50  a  mile. 

Q.  That  is  for  a  one-wire  line. — ^A.  A  single- wire  line. 

Q.  Do  you  include  poles  in  that  estimate  for  materials  f — A.  Certainly; 
all  materials. 

Q.  It  does  not  include  the  wire,  does  it  t — A.  Poles,  insulators,  and 
wire. 

Q.  The  cost  of  the  whole  t — ^A.  As  near  as  I  can  now  estimate  it  from 
my  memoryi 

Q.  What  sort  of  wire  did  you  use! — ^A.  No.  9  wire. 

Q.  What  did  it  cost  you  for  labor  t — A.  The  labor  was  performed  by 
troops, 

Q.  Gan  you  tell  very  nearly  what  it  would  have  cost  if  you  had  had 
to  hire  labor  t — A.  I  estimated  it  at  one  time  when  the  whole  matter 
was  fresher  in  my  memory,  and  when  I  had  access  to  records,  at  $25  a 
'  mile. 

Q.  Do  you  think  you  could  now  build  that  same  line  in  Texas  for 
$75  a  mile,  including  everything! — ^A.  I  think  it  could  be  done. 

Q.  How  much  additional  would  it  cost  you  for  another  wire  f— A. 
Not  to  exceed  $30  a  mile. 

Q.  Gan  you  state  how  much  more  it  would  cost  to  use  No.  8  wiref^ 
A.  The  additional  cost  of  the  wire  at  the  price  then  paid  for  wire  would 
have  fallen  within  $4  a  mile. 

Q.  What  is  the  difference  in  weight  between  No.  9  and  No.  8f— A 
About  50  pounds  to  the  mile. 

Q.  You  estimate  the  wire  worth  what  per  pound  f — A.  Seven  and 
a  half  cents. 

Q.  So,  if  you  had  used  No.  8  wire,  it  would  have  cost  you  $4  more  per 
milet — ^A.  Something  less  than  $4  a  mile.  I  put  the  outside  figure  on 
it  in  my  answer. 

Q.  And  for  two  wires  it  would  be  something  less  than  $8  more  f— A 
Yes,  sir. 

Q.  What  did  you  use  for  poles  t — A.  Ghiefly  red  cedar.  Some  por- 
tions of  the  line  were  put  up  on  post  oak,  and  some  portion  of  it  op  on 
juniper. 

Q.  Where  were  the  poles  obtained  f — A.  In  the  State  of  Texas,  with 
tbe  exception  of  one  cargo,  which  was  shipped  to  the  mouth  of  the  Bio 
Grande  from  Norfolk,  Va. 

Q.  Were  those  poles  obtained  near  the  line  f — ^A.  No,  sir.  The  trans- 
portation of  poles  was  a  serious  item  in  the  cost ;  some  of  them  were 
hauled  a  distance  of  100  miles. 

Q.  What  sort  of  poles  did  you  use  t— A.  We  used  a  25-foot  cedar  pole, 
5  inches  at  the  top ;  the  juniper  poles  were  smaller — 4  inches  at  the  top 
and  20  feet  in  length. 

Q.  Were  those  mostly  cedar  poles  t — ^A.  Mostly. 

Q.  Were  those  lines  constructed  along  public  roads  t — ^They  were 
not. 
Q.  Where  were  they  constructed  t — ^A.  They  were  constructed  in  part 


I: 


TESTIMONY   OP  JOHN   C.   VAN   DUZBR.  275 

along  trails,  bat  very  largely  across  the  country ;  it  was  an  entirely  an- 
fenced  country. 

Q.  And  yon  took  the  shortest  line  t — A.  The  shortest  line. 

Q.  Were  they  across  public  lands  t — ^A.  Very  largely  so. 

Q*  You  had  no  expense  for  right  of  way! — A.  Nothing. 

Q.  Where  are  the  poles  generally  obtained  for  building  Western 
lines  t — ^A.  A  very  large  number  of  them  are  obtained  fh)m  the  Upper 
Peninsula  of  Michigan,  and  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  adjacent  to  Green 
Bay. 

Q.  What  kind  of  poles  are  obtained  from  that  country  t^^A.  YiThite 
cedar. 

Q.  Can  you  state  what  those  poles  are  worth,  say  at  the  place  where 
you  reside  t — A.  Poles  25  feet  long  and  5  inches  in  diameter  at  the  top 
can  be  purchased  there  now  at  40  cents  per  pole. 

Q.  What  are  they  worth  in  the  large  markets,  like  Ohicago  and  De- 
troit— what  can  they  be  laid  down  fort — A.  For  the  price  I  have  named, 
with  30  cents  additional  for  "water  transportation. 

Q.  So  that  these  poles  can  be  delivered  in  Chicago  for  70  cents  eacht — 
A.  Seventy  cents. 

Q.  Are  those  poles  distributed  firom  there  pretty  generally  all  over 
the  western  country  for  construction  of  lines  t — ^A.  very  largely. 

Q.  What  should  you  say  that  those  poles  would  cost  idong  the  lines 
of  railroads  in  Illinois  and  Iowa  t — A.  That  would  depend  upon  the 
terms  which  could  be  obtained  of  the  railroad  companies  for  their  trans- 
portation. I  should  say  that  they  could  be  distributed  anywhere  in 
the  States  of  Illinois  and  Iowa  at  the  railway  stations  in  car-load  lots 
at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  11.25. 

Q.  And  at  many  points  at  much  less  than  that  t — ^A.  I  was  averaging 
the  whole.  At  some  of  the  farthest  Western  or  Southern  points  they 
would  cost  a  little  more;  taking  the  whole,  I  think  $1.25  each  would 
cover  their  cost. 

Q.  Were  the  lines  you  built  substantially  constructed  t — A.  Some  of 
them  were  not  so ;  some  of  them  were  constructed  as  substantially  as 
anybody's  lines. 

Q.  How  deep  did  you  place  the  poles  in  the  ground  t — ^A.  For  a  single 
wire  line,  4  feet  in  depth.  I  built  some  lines  intended  for  carrying  more 
wires,  where  I  was  compelled  to  place  the  poles  5  and,  in  some  instances, 
6  feet  in  the  ground. 

Q.  How  many  wires  would  poles  of  the  kind  you  have  described 
carry  1 

The  Witness.  The  25-foot  poles  t 

The  Ghaibman.  Yes. 

A.  They  could  be  made  to  carry  four  wires. 

Q.  The  poles  were  heavy  enough  for  four  wires  t — A.  Tes^  sir. 

Q.  Are  you  well  acquainted  with  the  character  of  the  Imes  in  the 
Western  States,  generally  t — A.  I  have  a  general  acquaintance  with 
them. 

Q.  Were  these  lines  you  built  as  well  constructed  as  the  average  lines, 
excepting  what  might  be  called  the  important  trunk  lines  t 

The  Witness.  Have  you  reference  now  to  the  lines  in  the  Terri- 
tories f 

The  Chairman.  I  have  reference  to  lines  in  Western  States — what 
might  be  called  branch  lines. 

The  Witness.  Have  you  reference  to  lines  which  I  constructed  in 
Territories  t 

The  Ghaibman.  I  am  speaking  now,  generally,  with  reference  to  th^ 


276  TESTIMONY   OP   JOHN   C.   VAN   DUZEK. 

character  of  the  lines,  and  am  asking  whether  ihe  lines  yon  built  were 
constmcted  as  substantially  as  the  average  lines. — ^A.  Where  the  lines 
were  intended  for  permanent  use,  they  were.  But  I  bailt  many  lines 
which  had  merely  a  temporary  value,  and  those  were  less  well-con* 
stmcted  than  ordinary  lines. 

Q.  Was  some  of  that  class  included  in  those  1,200  miles  in  Texas  f— 
Yes ;  some  of  it. 

Q.  How  large  a  proportion  f— A.  A  very  small  proportion. 

Q.  Can  you  tell  us  anything  about  the  telegraphic  service,  as  per- 
formed at  present  by  existing  companies  in  the  part  of  the  country 
where  you  reside  t — A.  The  service  at  my  place  of  residence  is  very 
badly  performed. 

Q.  From  what  cause! — A.  For  the  reason  that  the  lines  are  used 
jointly  by  the  telegraph  companies  and  the  railway  companies,  and  the 
railway  companies  have  the  precedence  in  service.  The  public  is  served 
only  when  the  railway  business  does  not  occupy  the  lines.  That  is  the 
principle. 

Q.  Have  you  had  considerable  personal  exi)erience  of  that  kind  !— 
A.  I  have  had  some ;  but  my  answer  to  the  question  takes  in  not  only 
my  own  experience  but  observation  and  common  report. 

Q.  On  lines  where  there  are  only  one  or  two  wires  used  jointly  by  the 
railroad  company  and  the  telegraph  company,  as  far  as  your  experience 
and  observation  go,  the  railway  company  always  has  the  first  right  to 
use  the  line  f — A.  Always. 

Q.  I  assume  that  on  the  trunk  lines,  along  the  railroads  where  they 
have  a  number  of  wires,  the  railroad  company  has  a  distinct  wire  for  it8 
own  uset — A.  Usually. 

Q.  But  on  a  great  many  branch  lines  they  use  the  same  wires  in  com- 
mon t — A.  Yes. 

Q.  Can  you  give  us  any  information  on  the  subject  of  furnishing  reports 
for  newspapers  f — ^A.  Not  of  my  own  knowledge ;  I  can  only  repeat 
what  I  have  heard. 

Q.  Do  you  know,  of  your  own  knowledge,  of  any  cases  where  persons 
have  desired  to  obtain  news  reports,  but  have  been  unable  to  do  so?— 
A.  I  know  such  a  case  from  the  statements  of  the  parties  interested. 

Q.  What  is  that  case  f — A.  That  is  the  case  of  the  Mining  Journal  at 
Marquette.  Th ;  proprietors  of  that  journal  have  for  some  time  desired  to 
establish  a  daily,  but  have  been  unable  to  do  so  because  of  inability  to 
procure  reports.  I  have  that  from  the  statement  of  the  business  man- 
ager of  the  firm,  and  within  the  last  month. 

Q.  Were  there  no  conditions  upon  which  that  paper  could  have  ob- 
tained the  news  dispatches  ? — A.  He  told  me  there  were  none ;  that  he 
had  been  unable  to  get  the  reports  upon  any  terms. 

Q.  Why  was  thatf — A.  At  this  time  because  of  the  lack  of  fiidlitiefl 
on  the  part  of  the  telegraph  company  for  transmitting  the  reports  to 
him,  as  I  understood  him.  Other  obstacles  had  been  overcome  to  some 
extent.  That  was  the  trouble  when  he  made  the  statement  to  me 
lately. 

Q.  Do  you  know  whether  he  ever  tried  to  obtain  the  reports  through 
a  franchise  conferred  by  the  Associated  Press  f — A.  He  had  done  so, 
and  had  acquired  a  franchise.  His  firm,  as  he  told  me,  had  purchased 
a  franchise  from  the  Western  Associated  Press. 

Q.  And  yet  he  never  was  able  to  obtain  the  dispatches  t — ^A.  He  had 
not  been  able  up  to  that  time. 

Q.  He  is  not  publishing  a  daily  f — A.  He  is  not. 

Q.  He  never  started  a  daily  paper  for  that  reason  t — A.  For  that 
reason. 


TESTIMONY   OP   JOHN    C.    VAN   DUZER.  277 

• 

Q.  Has  this  difficulty  existed  to  any  extent  throagb  that  portion  of 
the  State  of  Michigan  t  Do  yon  know  of  any  other  instances! — A.  It 
exists  throngh  all  that  portion  of  the  State  of  Michigan  west  of  Lake 
Michigan — what  we  call  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan. 

Q.  Has  the  difficulty  been  caused  by  the  fact  that  the  Western  Union 
have  not  sufficient  lines  f — A.  That  is  the  difficulty. 

Q.  Are  their  lines  crowded  with  business  all  the  time  f — ^A.  Over- 
crowded. 

Q.  What  are  their  lines  mostly — one  or  two  wii-e  lines  f — A.  Two-wire 
lines. 

Q.  The  failure  of  the  parties  wishing  to  establish  daily  papers  there 
has  not  been  caused  by  the  fact  that  the  Western  Associated  Press 
would  not  furnish  them  the  news  f — A.  I  understood  from  Mr.  Horn- 
stein  that  there  was  a  difficulty  in  that  resx)ect. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  been  connected  with  the  telegraph  business 
altogether  t — A.  At  intervals,  ever  since  1848. 

Q.  Were  you  ever  connected  with  the  Western  Union  Company  t — 
A.  No.  sir ;  not  directly.  I  learned  the  business  and  practiced  it  first 
in  1848  upon  the  lines  extending  from  Buffalo  to  Milwaukee.  In  1852  I 
became  connected  with  the  Erie  Railway  Company  as  a  telegraph  oper- 
ator and  builder,  and  continued  with  that  company  eight  years  in  one 
capacity  or  anotner,  always,  however,  as  a  telegrapher.  In  1859  I  went 
to  Illinois  and  became  connected  with  a  line  there,  also  upon  railroads, 
and  remained  there  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  shortly  after 
which  I  went  into  the  military  service,  also  in  charge  of  telegraphic  work; 
I  commenced  by  building  lines  in  North  Missouri,  and  continued  in  that 
service  till  1866,  when  I  was  mustered  out.  i  he  service  rendered  to 
the  Signal  Office,  as  a  builder  oflines,  occupied  me  for  about  three  years, 
in  1874  and  1876,  and  in  the  winter  of  1877-78. 

Q.  What  has  been  your  observation  generally  about  the  management 
of  the  system  under  present  organizations  f — ^A.  I  hardly  kn«w  how  to 
answer  the  question. 

Q.  I  mean  to  say  whether  the  work  is  managed  more  economically  by 
the  existing  companies  than  it  has  been  managed  by  the  Government  t — 
A.  The  business  is  certainly  more  economically  managed  by  the  com- 
panies than  any  work  which  I  did  for  the  Government ;  the  object  in 
the  one  case  being  to  make  a  profit,  and  in  the  other  simply  to  get  the 
work  done  (being  military  work)  without  regard  to  expense. 

Q.  I  was  alluding  to  the  operating.  I  mean  to  say  by  the  conduct  of 
the  business  after  the  lines  were  completed. — A.  It  still  costs  the  Gov- 
ernment more  to  operate  military  lines  than  it  costs  a  telegraph  com- 
pany to  operate  lines  not  military  in  their  character.  We  were  compelled 
to  pay  higher  wages  for  operators  and  to  maintain  offices  and  lines  under 
difficulties  which  did  not  beset  the  lines  or  the  offices  of  companies. 

Q.  You  are  referring  to  the  Army  telegraphs. — A.  I  am  referring  to 
the  military  lines  and  Army  telegraphs. 

Q.  What  extent  of  military  lines  had  you  charge  of  during  the  war  t — 
A.  I  had  charge  of  the  lines  south  of  the  Ohio  River  and  west  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountains,  and  reaching  to  the  Gulf.  The  greatest  mileage 
of  lines  under  my  control  at  any  one  time  was  some  4,200  miles. 

Q.  By  whom  are  those  lines  owned  now  t — A.  Such  of  them  as  exist 
are  owned  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company. 

Q.  Do  you  know  on  what  terms  they  acquired  them  t — A.  I  do  not. 


It! 


I 


.a 


•i 


If* 

H 


I  ■  ■ 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


A.  P.  SWIHEFOBD,  07  THE  HASaUETTE  (MICH.)  UHIHO  JOUBVAL. 


March  6y  1884. 
A.  P.  SwiNEFOBD  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Ghaibman  : 

Question.  State  your  residence  and  occupation. — ^Answer.  Marqnettei 
Mich. :  editor  and  publisher  of  a  newspaper. 

Q.  What  paper  t — A.  The  Mining  Journal. 

Q.  I  would  like  to  have  you  give  us  your  experience  in  regard  to  ob- 
taining telegraphic  news  for  your  paper. — A.  Mr.  Ghairman,  we  have  not 
had  any  experience  in  obtaining  news;  we  have  had  some  in  not  obtain- 
ing it.  We  have  been  endeavoring  for  the  past  year  to  commence  the 
publication  of  a  daily  paper  at  Marquette,  but  have  not  been  able  to  do 
80,  for  the  reason  that  we  have  not  been  able  to  get  telegraphic  service 
over  the  Western  Union  lines,  the  only  lines  we  have  up  there.  They 
have  two  lines,  one  from  Detroit  across  the  Straits  of  Mackinaw  to  our 
town,  and  also  one  from  Ghicago,  along  the  line  of  the  Northwestern 
Bail  way.  Our  experience  in  that  particular  has  been  like  this :  I  think 
it  was  a  matter  of  some  fifteen  months  ago  that  we  determined  to  estab- 
lish a  daily  paper,  something  that  the  people  of  our  section  very  much 
desired.  The  first  step  we  took  was  to  interview  the  manager  of  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Gompany  at  Ghicago,  General  Glowry,  who 
informed  us  that  they  could  not  then  give  us  the  service  for  the  reason 
that  they  bad  not  sufficient  wire  capacity,  bat  that  they  had  made  ar- 
rangements to  string  a  new  wire,  and  as  soon  as  that  was  up  they  would 
give  us  the  service,  provided  we  made  arrangements  with  the  Associated 
Press  for  the  news  service,  and  said  they  would  give  us  telegraphic 
service  by  the  first  of  last  July.  We  saw  the  Associated  Press  people 
and  informally  made  an  arrangement  with  them  for  the  new  service, 
paying  $1,000  bonus,  and  their  regular  monthly  tariff  for  the  service 


280  TESTDIONT   OF  A.   P.    8WINEFORD 

afterwards.  In  May  we  made  all  the  preparatioDS  for  our  paper,  ptir- 
chased  press,  type,  and  material  of  every  kind,  even  to  the  headingfor  tiie 
paper,  which  has  oeen  l3ring  in  the  office  nnosed  ever  since.  The  Ist  of 
July  came  without  a  fulfillment  of  their  contract.  They  made  the  excuse 
that  owing  to  the  strike  they  had  not  been  able  to  get  up  their  wire. 
They  could  not  tell  us  when  they  would  get  up  the  special  wire.  Fi- 
nally they  announced  to  us  that  they  would  give  us  the  service  commenc- 
ing with  the  1st  of  December.  That  promise  they  did  not  keep.  The 
last  agreement  we  got  out  of  them  was  for  commencing  the  service  by 
the  1st  of  March,  1884.  My  partners  went  on  and  made  eveiy  other 
arrangement  that  was  necessary,  employed  additional  reporters,  and 
had  them  on  hand — made  engagements  wiUi  them,  and  at  the  last  moment 
found  out  that  the  news  service  which  the  Associated  Press  would  give 
them  was  entirely  unavailable  for  our  purposes ;  that  they  would  only 
give  us  the  afternoon  dispatches  for  a  morning  paper.  My  partner  then 
saw  the  agent  of  the  United  Press,  and  made  very  satisfactory  arrange- 
ments with  that  concern,  and  went  back  to  Oeneral  Clowry  and  had  a 
meeting  with  him  and  the  Chicago  manager  at  Milwaukee. 

Q.  What  was  General  dowry's  official  position  1 — A.  I  think  he  wa» 
general  agent ;  he  has  charge  of  the  telegraph  lines. 

By  Senator  Jackson  : 

Q.  The  Western  Union  lines  f — A.  Yes,  sir.  He  had  a  meeting  with 
them  and  made  a  bargain  with  them  for  the  United  Press  dispatdies  to 
be  sent  to  Milwaukee.  I  left  it  in  that  way.  But  since  I  came  here  1 
have  received  a  letter  from  my  partner  telling  me  that  they  had  kicked 
the  whole  arrangement  over  and  squeezed  the  life  out  of  the  projected 
daily.  The  telegraphic  tolls  that  they  proposed  to  charge  us — the  amount 
stated  by  themselves,  and  which  we  were  perfectly  wBliug  to  pay  orig- 
inally— ^was  $30  a  week  for  the  Associated  Press  dispatches  and  half  a 
cent  a  word  for  specials  or  anything  extra.  We  were  perfectly  willing 
to  pay  that.  We  were  also  willing^  if  they  had  given  us  the  right  serv- 
ice, to  pay  the  bonus  to  the  Associated  Press  and  their  tariff  for  the 
news  service,  if  desired.  I  will  just  read  what  my  partner  says  in  that 
letter.  I  know  nothing  about  what  has  transpired  since  I  left  except 
what  he  has  written  me. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Please  read  the  whole  letter. — A.  It  is  not  couched  in  very  polite 
terms.  This  is  from  my  editorial  associate,  Mr.  James  Eussell,  who  is 
also  a  partner  in  the  paper.  Speaking  of  my  partner,  Mr.  Homstein, 
he  says : 

Albert  has  been  feeling  better  ever  aince,  until  yesterday — 

He  was  referring  to  th^  prospect  of  getting  out  a  daily,  and  was  feel- 
ing very  good — 

when  oar  last  hope  of  getting  telegraphic  service  for  the  pro|eoted  daily  was  dissi- 
pated by  a  message  announcing  that  the  best  the  Western  Union  would  do  for  ii» 
would  be  to  furnish  us  with  a  service  of  3,500  words  from  Chicago  at  the  rate  of  flO^ 
a  week,  half  a  cent  a  word  for  anything  extra. 

The  original  agreement  was  $30  a  week.  • 

Q.  That  was  on  condition  that  you  would  take  the  Associated  Press 
dispatches  t — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  And  this  was  on  the  understanding  that  you  were  going  to  take 
dispatches  from  the  United  Press  f — A.  Yes,  sir.  But  l^fore  I  came 
away  they  had  made  some  arrangement  for  the  night  press  dispatches. 


TESTIMONY   OF   A.    P.   8WINKF0RD.  281 

They  were  going  to  give  us  the  telegraphic  service  at  the  same  rate, 
only  we  were  to  be  served  by  the  United  Press  instead  of  the  Associatea 
Press. 

This  settles  it.  as  a  matter  of  conrse.  The  service  we  tried  to  arrange  for  latterly 
was  that  of  the  United  Press,  the  V^estem  Associated  crowd  allowing  no  desire  to  o£fer 
any  service  that  it  would  be  possible  for  us  to  make  available  for  snob  a  paper  as  ours 
is  desired  to  be.  The  proposition  submitted  by  the  Western  Union  yesterday  is  a 
square  oack-down  on  their  agreement  with  Hornstein  a  week  ago,  when  he  saw  General 
Ciowry  at  Milwaukee  and  their  Chicago  manager  in  relation  to  getting  the  United 
Press  dispatches  over  that  line.  They  then  professed  a  j^erfect  willingness  to  serve 
the  United  Press  Association,  and  as  reasonably  as  the  rival  older  concern,  but  the 
seqnal  proves  they  lied.  The  connection  between  these  two  beastly  monopolies  is  re- 
vealed m  the  action  of  the  Western  Union.  But  they  have  squeezed  thfi  life  ont  of 
our  daily  project  for  the  present  at  least 

I  feel  more  than  ever  that  this  is  a  ver^  poor  country  for  an  honest  man  to  live  in. 
Albert's  face  measures  12  inches  from  hair  roots  to  chin  since  the  coup  was  given  his 
darling  scheme  by  dowry's  ultimatum  of  yesterday,  and  1  myself  confess  to.  a  dis- 
quieting feelinff,  such  as  mi^ht  be  iuspired  by  a  sense  of  the  presence  of  a  corpse 
somewhere  in  the  office.  It  is  a  bad  disappointment  to  all  of  us.  If  you  can  do  any 
work  down  there  to  punish  the  rascals,  do  not  fail  to  put  it  in,  for  the  love  yoa 
bear  us. 

That  is  aboat  all  that  I  know  aboat  it  personally.  I  infer,  however^ 
from  this  letter,  where  it  speaks  of  a  back  down  from  the  arrangement 
made  a  week  ago,  that  something  else,  that  he  has  not  written  to  me 
about,  transpired  after  I  came  away.  Probably  they  ^had  made  some 
other  offer,  which  my  partners  had  accepted,  at  an  increased  price,  and 
then  went  back  on  that.  That  would  be  the  inference  I  would  draw 
from  this  letter.  But  I  know  that  the  arrangement  was  that  they  had 
agreed  to  give  us  the  telegraphic  service  for  $30  a  week,  and  now  they 
jump  to  $105,  which  would  be  in  the  neighborhood  of  $5,500  a  year 
simply  for  the  press  dispatches. 

Q.  If  you  had  carried  out  your  first  arrangement,  and  taken  the  As- 
sociated Press  dispatches,  have  you  any  doubt  that  you  would  have 
been  able  to  receive  the  news  at  the  rate  you  say — thirty-five  hundred 
words  at  $30  a  week  f — A.  Certainly  we  would. 

Q.  That  was  agreed  tof — A.  That  was  agreed  to. 

Q.  But  you  wanted  your  news  from  some  other  source  f — A.  We  simply 
found  that  the  Associated  Press  would  not  give  us  the  dispatches  or 
the  service  we  absolutely  required,  in  order  to  make  our  paper  a  success. 
We  then  dickered  with  the  United  Press,  and  found  that  they  would 
give  us  just  what  we  wanted,  and  were  not  going  to  charge  us  any 
bonus ;  besides,  we  would  save  a  thousand  dollars,  which  we  would 
have  been  compelled  to  pay  the  Associated  Press  in  the  way  of  bonus^ 
or  for  the  franchise,  and  would  have  no  larger  amount,  and  I  think  not 
quite  so  much,  to  pny  for  the  service  in  sending  the  news. 

Q.  Were  there  any  other  conditions  required  by  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  except  that  you  should  take  your  news  from  the 
Associated  Press t — ^A.  No,  sir;  but  that  condition  was  not  imposed  in 
the  beginning. 

Q.  But  afterwards  f — A.  I  want  to  say  to  the  committee  that  that 
was  our  original  idea.  At  the  time  we  first  talked  about  taking  the 
Associated  Press  dispatches,  living  away  off  in  that  isolated  district, 
we  had  no  knowledge  whatever  of  there  being  such  an  institution  as 
the  United  Press  Association. 

Q.  But  at  a  later  date  you  were  informed  by  the  agent  of  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company  that  you  must  obtain  your  news  from 
the  Associated  Press  f — A.  Yes,  sir;  they  had  made  that  an  ultimatum. 

Q.  How  many  people  are  living  on  the  peninsula  t — A.  We  have  a 
population  there  close  upon  150,000. 


282  TESTIMONT   OF  A.   P.   8WIKEFORD. 

Q.  Is  there  any  daily  paper  publiBhed  there  t — A.  No.  sir ;  the  near- 
est daily  pajter  to  us  is  published  at  Bay  City,  id  lower  Michigan. 

Q.  Under  the  existing  state  of  things,  is  it  possible  to  pabli^  a  daily 
paper  at  Marquette  f — A.  Oh,  no ;  we  cannot  do  it. 

Q.  You  cannot  do  it  and  make  it  a  success  t — ^A.  Certainly  not.  We 
have  been  improving  our  officCi  patting  in  material  and  getting  fineil- 
ities  for  publishing  a  respectable  paper,  and  we  have  been  to  an  expense 
of  about  $5,000  for  material  of  all  kinds. 

By  Mr.  OASDmEB  O.  Hubbard  : 

Q.  Were  your  dealings  with  the  Western  Union  or  with  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  t — A.  With  the  Western  Union. 

Q.  They  offered  to  sell  you  Associated  Press  news  t — A.  Oh,  no,  sir ; 
I  went  myself,  personally,  to  General  Glovrry,  and  he  told  me  tbe 
terms  on  which  they  would  give  us  the  telegraphic  service  as  soon  as 
they  got  the  additional  wire  stretched. 

Q.  That  is  ihe  Associated  Press  news,  you  mean  t — A.  Yes,  sir ;  he 
said  they  would  give  us  the  telegraphic  service,  but  we  must  go  and 
arrange  for  the  dispatches  with  Mr.  Smith,  of  the  Associated  Press, 
which  I  did.  It  was  merely  an  informal  talk,  in  which  he  told  me  what 
would  be  required  of  us,  and  which  we  were  perfectly  willing  to  con- 
cede. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Q.  It  amounts  to  this,  if  I  understand  you,  tliat  they  offered  to  give 
you  this  service  of  thirty-flve  hundred  words  a  day  for  $30  a  week,  pro 
vided  you  took  your  news  from  a  certain  association  t — ^A.  Yes,  sir ; 
that  is  what  it  amounts  to. 

Q.  But  if  you  obtained  your  news  from  any  other  source  you  were  to 
pay  $105  a  week! — ^A.  That  is  it  exactly.  Understand,  the  arrange- 
ment was  that  they  were  to  furnish  us  not  to  exceed  thirty-five  hundmi 
words  a  day.  If  we  only  got  one  hundred  words  we  had  to  pay  the 
same  amount ;  but  if  they  furnished  us  anything  over  thirty-five  hun- 
dred we  had  to  pay  for  the  excess  at  the  rate  of  half  a  cent  a  word. 

Q.  Are  there  any  telegraph  lines  on  the  peninsula  of  Michigan,  not 
owned  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company! — A.  No,  sir;  none 
that  I  know  of.  There  may  be  a  little  line  on  what  is  called  the  Ke- 
weenaw Peninsula ;  that  is  an  independent  line  running  from  Eagle 
Harbor  to  Houghton,  I  think,  and  my  impression  is  that  the  Western 
Union  Company  owns  that  now,too.  A  line  was  built  from  the  Straits 
of  Mackinaw,  where  they  had  a  cable  some  years  ago,  for  the  bencsfit 
of  the  shipping  interests  In  connection  with  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canal, 
more  especially  for  the  purpose  of  announcing  the  arrival  of  ore  ves- 
sels there,  so  that  cargoes  might  be  ready  for  them.  The  Western 
Union  bought  that  up  with  the  express  agreement  that  they  were  to 
keep  it  running.  Itwas  built  by  private  parties  at  Marquette.  The 
Western  Union  got  it,  and  I  think  they  kept  it  up  four  or  five  months, 
and  then  destroyed  it  entirely.  A  year  or  two  ago  the  Detroit,  Macki- 
naw and  Marquette  Bailroad  Company  put  up  a  telegraph  line  firom 
the  straits  to  Marquette,  and  the  Western  Union  bought  that  up.  So 
that  they  now  have  a  monopoly  of  the  business  entirely. 

By  Mr.  Hubbabd  : 

Q.  Was  the  news  from  the  Associated  Press  a  drop  news  to  youf— A. 
I  do  not  know  as  to  that.  They  were  to  be  tbe  regular  Associated  Press 
dispatches.    But  when  we  came  to  the  point,  they  would  only  give  us 


TESTDiONT  OF  LLOTD  BREZEB.  283 

the  afternoon  dispatches  for  a  morning  paper.  If  the  committee  desire 
to  know  anything  aboat  the  service,  I  will  say  that  the  commercial  serv- 
ice in  oar  State  is  very  unsatisfactory.  In  fact,  we  would  a  great  deal 
rather  rely  on  mail  facilities  generally,  for  dispatch,  than  apon  the  tele- 
graph company.  I  have  frequently,  upon  going  from  my  home  down  to 
what  is  called  the  Menominee  Range,  sent  a  dispatch  announcing  that 
I  would  be  there  the  next  day,  a  distance  of  from  100  to  125  miles,  and 
the  party  would  receive  my  dispatch  after  I  had  been  there  and  trans- 
acted my  business  with  him.  I  have  also,  frequently^  telegraphed  par- 
ties to  whom  I  had  previously  written  concerning  busmess  matters,  and 
they  would  receive  my  letter  first  and  the  dispatch  afterwards. 

John  C.  Van  Duzeb  recalled  and  fbrther  examined. 

By  the  Ghaibman  : 

Question.  You  have  had  experience  in  the  telegraph  business  and  are 
informed  in  regaid  to  itf — Answer.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Can  you  stat/C  to  the  committee  whether  this  news,  which  they 
proposed  to  furnish  to  Marquette,  as  testified  to  by  Mr.  Swineford  to- 
day, is  what  is  called  drop  newst — A.  It  was  not.  The  point  to  which 
that  news  was  to  be  furnished  was  the  farthest  point  on  the  Une  run- 
ning in  that  direction,  and  the  news  would  have  to  be  sent  from  Green 
Bay  and  delivered  specially,  so  that  it  would  not  be  what  is  called  drop 
news. 

TESTIMONY  OF  LLOYD  BBEZBE,  EDITOR  OP  THE  DETROIT 

(MICH.)  EVENING  JOUENAL. 

•  Llotd  Bbezeb  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Ghaibman  : 

Question.  State  your  residence  and  occupation. — Answer.  Detroit, 
Mich.;  editor  of  the  Detroit  Evening  Journal. 

Q.  That  is  a  paper  published  in  Detroit? — A.  Yes,  sir;  an  afternoon 
noon  paper. 

Q.  How  large  a  circulation  have  yout — A.  Between  seventeen  thous- 
and and  eighteen  thousand. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  been  publishing  that  paper  f — A.  Six  months 
the  1st  of  the  month. 

Q.  Will  you  inform  the  committee  as  to  the  manner  in  which  you  ob- 
tain your  newsf  Give  us  any  information  in  your  possession  in  regard 
to  the  matter  of  obtaining  dispatches. — A.  The  Evening  Journal  is  not 
a  member  of  the  Associated  Press,  or  the  United  Press,  or  of  any  press 
association  whatever.  Its  news  is  obtained  by  means  of  special  cor- 
respondents located  in  Washington,  New  York,  Chicago,  and  through- 
out the  State  of  Michigan,  and  at  difierent  points  in  the  country.  Our 
telegraphic  service  is  performed  by  the  Western  Union  Company,  with 
which  company  we  have  a  contract.  This  contract  is  the  same  as  the 
contracts  of  the  other  newspapers  in  Detroit,  the  Associated  Press 
papers  and  the  two  other  papers  there  that  are  outside  of  the  Associated 
Press. 

Q.  That  is  for  the  special  correspondence! — A.  Yes,  sir;  we  pay  1 
cent  a  word  for  every  dispatch  we  receive,  and  we  receive  between  eight 
hundred  and  fifteen  hundred  words  words  a  day;  some  days  of  course 
it  runs  over  fifteen  hundred  words,  and  I  do  not  know  exactly  the  aver- 
age, but  it  is  over  one  thousand  words  a  day,  and  we  pay  1  cent  a  word 
for  each  dispatch. 

Q.  Without  reference  to  wliero  it  comes  fromt — A.  No;  we  pay  1 
cent  a  word  in  the  State  of  Michigan  and  fix»ni  Chicago^  from'W^^^- 


I 


I 


»  ■ 


284  TESTIMONT  OF  LLOTD  BREZEE. 

ington  we  pay  IJ  cents,  and  the  same  from  New  York  and  Boston.  The 
contract  reads  that  we  shall  pay  one  half  of  the  day  commercial  rate, 
whatever  that  may  be.  The  day  commercial  rate  from  Washington  is 
3  cents  a  word,  I  belieye,  and  one  half  of  that  is  1^  cents  a  word ;  so 
also  from  New  York  and  Boston. 

Q.  Your  news  service  costs  you  how  much  per  week  t — A.  From  $150 
to  $170  a  week:  the  tolls  to  the  Western  Union  Company  average  about 
$160  a  week.  In  order  to  get  this  we  were  obliged  to  sign  a  contract 
with  the  Western  Union  Company  to  do  all  our  business  over  their  lines 
wherever  they  had  lines  in  operation,  not  only  our  news  dispatches,  but- 
all  telegraphic  matter  whatever,  connected  with  the  business  office,  com- 
mercial or  otherwise.  They  say  to  us  that  we  enjoy  the  same  rights 
that  the  Associated  Press  does ;  that  their  contract  is  precisely  the  same 
as  that  of  the  Free  Press  and  Post  and  Tribune.  It  is  impossible  for  us 
to  get  into  the  Associated  Press.  The  Post  and  Tribune,  the  Free  Press, 
two  morning  papers,  publish  the  night  reports.  They  control  the  after- 
noon franchise  of  the  Associated  Press  in  Detroit,  and  we  can  neither 
buy  nor  lease  it.  We  have  repeatedly  made  attempts  to  lease  the  right 
to  use  this  franchise.  We  do  not  care  so  much  for  the- news  of  the  As- 
sociated Press,  but  we  want  to  get  the  same  rates  that  all  the  uftemoou 
associated  papers  get.  It  is  true  that  the  Free  Press  or  the  Post  and 
Tribune,  or  any  of  the  afternoon  Associated  Press  papers  would  pay  for 
those  special  dispatches  the  same  rates  that  we  do,  but  their  special  dis- 
patches would  be  about  one-fifteenth  of  the  whole  report,  whereas  our 
dispatches  are  all  special  dispatches ;  every  line  that  comes  to  the  Jour- 
nal is  a  special  dispatch,  as  they  construe  it.  If  we  got,  say,  eleven  thou- 
sand words  a  day,  that  would  be  $110 ;  if  an  Associated  Press  pax)er  got 
that  many  words  their  average  would  be  about  ten  thousand  words  As- 
sociated Press  reports  and  about  one  thousand  special.  I  have  no 
means  of  knowing  what  tolls  the  Associated  Press  pays,  except  that  I 
know  that  the  assessment  on  the  Associated  Press  papers  in  Detroit  is 
between  $l<iO  and  $110.  In  Chicago  I  know  it  is  $100  on  each  of  the 
morning  Associated  Press  papers  there.  If  that  was  true  they  would 
probably  pay  about  7  cents  per  hundred  words;  in  other  words,  about 
$7  for  ten  thousand  words,  and  $10  for  one  thousand  words,  making 
$17  for  what  we  pay  $110  for. 

Q.  Mr.  Green,  president  of  the  Western  Union,  stated  that  it  was  6J 
cents ;  that  is  very  near  your  estimate. — A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  And  that  is  unavoidable  in  the  existing  condition  of  things? — A. 
Yes,  sir  J  that  is  unavoidable.  Mr.  Swineford  has  stated  here,  I  believe, 
that  the  Western  Union  charged  him  $25  for  thirty -five  hundred  if  they 
sent  it  by  the  Associated  Press,  or  $  105  if  they  sent  it  by  the  United  Press. 
That  would  be  a  night  report,  and  would  make  their  special  rates  there 
ciated  Press  would  pay ;  in  other  words,  half  a  cent  a  word.  If  it  was 
just  the  same  for  special  dispatches  as  anypther  paper  outside  the  Asso- 
sent  to  a  morning  paper  it  would  pay  tlW^night  rate  of  course,  which 
would  be  half  a  cent  a  word  for  that  distance.  It  would  amount  to 
$102.  We  cannot  get  into  the  Associated  Press,  and  we  cannot  get  the 
employes  of  the  associated  press  ]>apers  to  send  us  news,  because  the 
Associated  Press  expressly  prohibits  any  employ^  from  sending  news  to 
papers  outside  of  that  association.  It  seems  to  us  that  that  sort  of 
thing  could  not  exist  if  it  were  not  that  there  were  special  concessions 
on  the  part' of  the  telegraph  company  to  that  association. 

By  Mr.  Hubbard  : 

Q.  Can  you  get  the  market  reports! — A.  No,  sir;  for  a  time  we  got 
our  market  news  there  \u  tteXxoit  '^Ivete  they  received  the  market  dis- 


TESTIMONY  OP  LLOYD  BREZEE.  285 

patches  daily.  But  they  shat  us  off  from  that.  Finally  we  compro- 
mised with  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  company  by  paying  our  com- 
mercial reporter  to  make  a  report  for  them  every  day,  which  takes  about 
three-quarters  of  an  hour  or  an  hour  of  his  time  every  afternoon.  We 
take  it  right  off  the  blackboard.  It  is  free  to  everybody  else  except 
the  newspaper.  Anybody  can  walk  right  into  this  bucket-shop — it  is  a 
bucket  shop,  I  believe — and  take  these  reports,  but  we  cannot  do  it. 
They  not  only  shut  u^  out,  but  they  told  the  man  that  if  he  did  not 
stop  giving  them  to  us  they  would  shut  him  off  firom  the  market  reports. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Who  told  him  thatf — A.  The  manager  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  at  Detroit. 

By  Mr.  Hubbard  : 
Q.  They  control  the  market  news  entirely,  do  they  not  t— A.  Yes,  sir. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  That  has  nething  to  do  with  the  Associated  Press  f — ^A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  offer  to  buy  the  market  news  of  themf — A.  We  would 
have  bought  it  of  them  if  we  could  not  get  it  any  other  way ;  we  would 
have  been  obliged  to  buy  it  of  them;  we  are  obliged  to  buy  all  this 
news.  They  say,  '•  If  you  don't  like  this  contract,  you  can  get  your 
news  from  some  other  line."  There  is  no  other  line  there.  We  do  not 
complain  of  the  service  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  there, 
but  we  do  complain  of  the  rates  that  we  are  charged. 

By  Senator  Jagkson: 
Q.  Tou  complain  of  the  discrimination  f — A.  Yes,  sir. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Has  there  ever  been  any  price  set  upon  the  franchise  for  an  even- 
ing  paper f — A.  No,  sir ;  not  there  in  Detroit;  at  least  not  that  I  know  of. 

Q.  You  do  not  know  what  it  would  cost  you  to  buy  the  right! — A.  I 
do  not  think  you  could  buy  it  for  any  amount  of  money.  A  new  com- 
pany, the  Michigan  Postal  Telegraph  Company,  is  erecting  lines,  and  has 
already  strung  its  wires,  I  believe,  between  Detroit  and  Toledo,  to  con- 
nect with  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  telegraph  wires.  If  we  were  to  order 
a  car-load  of  paper  or  transact  any  other  commercial  business  over  that 
line,  the  manager  of  the  Western  Union  told  me  that  the  company  would 
abrogate  their  contract  with  us.  That  would  compel  us  to  pay  between 
$300  and  $400,  commercial  rates,  for,  say,  eleven  thousand  words,  which 
we  now  pay  $110  for.  In  fact  they  can  abrogate  the  contract  at  any 
time  by  giving  us  sixty  days'  notice. 

Q.  Suppose  they  should  abrogate  it  t — A.  Then  we  could  not  publish 
a  daily  newspaper ;  we  could  not  publish  any  news  except  at  a  great 
loss. 

Q.  You  would  be  excluded  from  all  telegraphic  news  t — A.  Certainly. 

Q.  Have  you  any  evidence  of  an  arrangement  between  the  Western 
Union  Company  and  the  Associated  Press  by  which  the  telegraph  com- 
pany sustains  the  Press  Association  in  this  exclusivenessasto  its  news  t 
— A.  Only  in  a  general  way.  In  my  experience  as  a  newspaper  man  I 
have  always  known  that  the  Associated  Press  dispatches  take  prece- 
dence, I  believe,  over  everything  else,  even  over  United  Press  dis- 
patches.   I  have  been  so  informed  by  agents  of  the  United  Press. 

Q.  How  many  papers  in  Detroit  are  connected  with  the  Associated 
Press  t — A.  Two,  the  Free  Press  and  the  Post  and  Tribune,  both  morn- 
ing papers. 


286  TESTIMONY  OP  LLOYD  BREZEE. 

Q.  How  many  other  papers  are  published  there  f — A.  Two  other  pa- 
pers, the  Evening  News,  a  United  Press  paper,  and  the  Morning  Times, 
which,  I  believe,  stands  in  the  same  relation  we  do,  except  that  they 
have  some  sort  of  a  contract  with  the  United  Press  ^  I  am  informed  that 
they  are  not  members  of  the  United  Press  Association.  There  was  for- 
merly an  afternoon  Associated  Press  paper,  the  evening  edition  of  the 
Tribune,  which,  after  the  consolidation  of  the  Post  and  the  Tribune,  was 
called  the  Evening  Telegraph.  It  ran  for  about  a  year  and  then  it  was 
suspended  and  I  believe  the  franchise  l^tpsed.  Now  there  is  no  paper 
paying  anything  for  that  franchise.  Reports  are  going  through  daily 
which  could  be  taken  off  there  with  no  expense.  It  wiU  hurt  no  morn- 
ing paper  for  it  to  be  published  in  the  Journal,  and  yet  we  cannot  buy 
the  right,  and  neither  can  we  get  from  the  telegraph  company  the  same 
rates  that  we  would  pay  if  we  did  have  the  right  to  publish  that  after- 
noon report ;  we  cannot  get  the  same  tolls. 

By  Mr.  Hubbard  ! 

Q.  The  morning  papers  cannot  publish  an  afternoon  edition  t — ^A. 
No,  sir ;  they  jast  simply  shut  us  off;  we  cannot  do  anything.  Neither 
can  we  get  into  the  United  Press,  for  that  matter. 

Q.  Why  not  f — A.  Simply  because  there  is  another  paper  there  that 
controls  the  franchise.  We  are  just  obliged  to  pay  about  fifteen  times 
what  any  other  newspaper  would  have  to  do  to  publish  the  same  news, 
not  only  in  tolls,  but  we  are  obliged  to  appoint  special  correspondents, 
each  man  of  whom  receives  certain  pay  for  his  work  every  day. 

By  the  Ghaibman  : 

Q.  You  have  to  pay  how  much  for  what  those  other  papers  get  for 
$17 1 — A.  One  hundred  and  ten  dollars. 

Q.  There  are  two  papers  that  take  the  news  that  pay  $17  a  piece  t — 
A.  That  is  merely  an  estimate,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Q.  I  understand  yon ;  there  are  but  two  papers  that  get  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  newst — A.  Yes,  sir;  only  two  morning  papers. 

Q.  So  that  the  news  sent  there  costs  those  two  papers  together  $34  f — 
A.  Yes,  sir ;  if  you  estimate  it  at  the  rate  of  ten  thousand  or  eleven 
thousand  words  a  day  each. 

Q.  Would  it  cost  tbe  company  any  more  to  furnish  the  news  which 
you  obtain  for  $110  than  to  furnish  what  those  two  papers  receive  f — A. 
I  base  that  estimate,  Mr.  Chairman,  on  the  fact  that  all  three  of  these 
papers  are  afternoon  papers.  If  the  Free  Press  and  the  Post  and  Trib- 
une receive  ten  thousand  words  Associated  Press  dispatches  a  day,  pay- 
ing at  the  rate  of  3  cents  a  hundred  for  them,  they  would  only  pay 
for  their  night  dispatches  one-half  of  that  ($3.50)  for  that  ten  thousand 
words  at  night  rates.  One  thousand  special  words  would  cost  them  $5. 
If  we  estimate  that  the  Post  and  Tribune  pays  7  cents  a  hundred 
words,  then  it  would  pay  $7  and  $5^hich  makes  $12,  because  the  Post 
and  Tribune  specials  and  the  Free  Press  specials  are  all  night  si>ecials, 
which  are  only  half  a  cent  a  word,  whereas  ours  are  a  cent ;  and,  of 
course,  where  ours  are  a  cent  and  a  half,  theirs  are  three-fourths  of  a 
cent ;  they  are  just  half  our  rate.  If  we  were  a  morning  paper,  we 
would  pay  $55  for  the  same  report  (night  report)  which  they  would  get 
for  $12. 


TESTIMONY 


OF 


WnilAX  HBHBT  SMITH,  OEHEEAL  XAHAOBE  07  THE  ASSOCI- 
ATED PEESS. 


March  7, 1884. 
William  Henby  Smith  sworn  and  examined. 

By  the  Ohaibman  : 

Question.  What  is  your  occupation! — Answer.  Gtoneral  Manager  of 
the  Associated  Press. 

Q.  That  is  the  New  York  Associated  Press  and  the  Western  Associ- 
ated Press  t — A.  It  includes  the  entire  Associated  Press  of  America. 

Q.  There  are  a  large  number  of  local  organizations  t — A.  Yes ;  but 
they  are  all  parts  of  the  original  association. 

Q.  And  yon  have  contracts  with  all  of  the  local  associations  to  which 
you  furnish  news  t — A.  Yes. 

Q.  Have  yon  copies  of  the  contracts  which  have  been  called  for  by 
this  committee! — A.  Yes.  But  I  suggest,  Mr.  Ohairman,  if  you  please, 
that  before  I  answer  particular  questions,  I  be  permitted  to  traverse 
some  statements  made  before  this  committee  that  have  been  published. 
It  will  detain  you  but  twelve  or  fifteen  minutes,  and  will  clear  the  way 
for  the  questions  you  will  want  to  ask  me.  I  suggest  that  as  the  simplest 
method.  I  had  not  seen  the  statement  of  Mr.  Hubbiu^  until  I  reached 
this  city  last  evening,  nor  had  I  had  time  to  examine  the  statement  of 
another  witness  untU  I  arrived  here.  Hence,  I  made  some  notes  hastily 
4ast  night  of  what  I  would  like  to  say  in  reviewing  what  has  gone  be- 
fore, and,  with  your  permission,  I  will  speak  firom  those  notes  for  a  few 
moments. 

The  Ohaibman.  You  may  proceed,  Mr.  Smith. 

The  Witness.  I  note  that  Mr.  Hubbard,  in  his  very  interesting  argu- 
ment, uses  this  language :  ^^  The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company 
and  the  Associated  Press  make  a  close  corporation."  And  the  chair- 
man of  the  committee,  in  examing  another  witness,  asked :  <<  It,"  refer- 


1 


288         TESTIMONY  OP  WILLIAM  HENRY  SMITH. 

ring  to  the  Associated  Press,  '^  is  about  as  complete  a  monopoly  now  as 
coald  be  established,  is  it  notf  " 

On  these  two  remarks  I  shall  comment. 

The  Associated  Press  is  a  private  business  conducted  for  the  benefit 
of  the  papers  concerned.  It  has  no  exclusive  contracts,  and  enjoys  no 
privileges  not  freely  open  to  any  newspaper  or  association  of  newspapers. 
Its  system  of  collecting  and  distributing  news  is  the  outgrowth  of  ex- 
perience and  the  known  wants  of  those  who  are  served.  It  is  thorough 
and  satisfactory  to  those  associated  together,  and  should  be  to  the 
public,  as  the  news  of  the  world  is  placed  in  the  hands  of  every  one 
who  cares  to  read  every  day  at  a  trifling  cost.  But  for  this  co-operative 
system  this  would  be  impossible.  The  Associated  Press  is  not,  there- 
fore, as  has  been  repeatedly  asserted,  a  monopoly.  Webster  defines 
the  word  "  monopolizer''  to  mean,  first — 

A  person  who  engrosses  a  commodity  by  purchasing  the  whole  of  that  article  in 
market,  for  the  sake  of  selling  at  an  advanced  price ;  or  (2)  one  who  has  a  license 
or  privilege  granted  by  authority,  for  the  sole  baying  or  selling  of  any  commodity. 

The  Associated  Press  is  not  a  monopolizer  in  either  of  these  senses. 
It  does  not  own  the  sources  of  news,  and  it  has  never  received  a  special 
privilege  from  any  authority.  It  is  evident  that  the  use  of  the  word 
^^  monopoly"  is  due  to  misinformation. 

Many  people  suppose  that  because  the  Associated  Press  uses  the 
wires  of  the  telegraph  company  freely  therefore  there  is  a  mutuality 
of  interests.  A  merchant  who  conducts  his  business  largely  by  tele- 
graphic correspondence  bears  precisely  the  same  relation  as  the  press 
to  the  telegraph  company.  The  latter  is  a  common  carrier,  and  in  each 
case  the  business  conducted  over  the  wires  by  both  merchant  and  press, 
is  strictly  private. 

I  note  that  Senator  Wilson  asked  the  following  question,  to  which  he 
received  an  afi^rmati ve  response : 

Q.  If  the  news  were  free  to  aU  it  would  simply  be  a  question  of  competition  be- 
tween news  associations,  would  it  not  f 

There  is  a  confusion  of  ideas  here,  which  is  due  to  a  misapprehension 
of  the  character  of  newspaper  work.  I  beg  the  Senator's  pardon,  but 
he  is  not  singular  in  this.  The  same  misapprehension  generally  prevails, 
and  it  shall  not  be  my  fault  if  a  clearer  view  does  not  obtain  hereafter. 
I  remark,  then,  that  news  is  free  to  all.  Are  not  the  transactions  of 
C/ongress  to-day  open  and  iree  to  all  the  world  t 

Senator  Wilson.  I  think,  Mr.  Smith,  without  desiring  to  interrupt 
you,  that  you  have  cut  out  the  whole  connection  with  the  context. 

The  Witness.  I  will  quote  the  Senator  more  fully  further  on. 

But  while  the  sources  of  news  are  free,  the  skill  and  ability  in  giving 
it  form,  the  agencies  employed  in  its  distribution,  and  the  capital  that 
makes  all  available,  come  under  the  head  of  private  enterprise  and  pri- 
vate property.  There  is  no  power  to  make  these  free  without  the  con- 
sent of  those  who  own  and  control  them. 

Thetestimony  on  this  subject,  as  well  as  the  questions  asked,  imply 
that  the  Associated  Pi  ess  has  been  derelict  in  its  duty,  and  that  ithar 
been  an  instrument  of  oppression.  It  is  to  the  interest  of  competitors 
to  convey  this  impression,  but  I  do  not  understand,  and  certainly  do 
not  believe,  that  Senators  entertain  any  such  opinion.  Before  I  have 
concluded  I  shall  hope  to  create  a  very  different  impression. 

Senator  Jackson  aaked  «» m\si<^^^  \k<^  f<\\Iowing  (question : 

Q.  From  your  owii  coTiBi^exaXioTi  ol\Xi^tsQ\i'^^^X»^'^\v^N&^Na^\scv^^x'Csi^^ 
would  suggest  t 


TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENBT   SMITH.  28d 

To  which  this  answer  was  made : 

A.  I  think  that  the  telegraph  oompames  should  give  a  rate  aimilar  to  the  rate  ^iven 
by  the  Britinh  GovemmeDt ;  that  is,  that  they  should  charge  so  mach  for  seryiDg  a 
place,  and  if  there  is  more  than  one  paper  there  that  they  should  serve  the  additional 
papers ;  and  that  the  rate  should  be  ffiven  whether  three  points  were  served  or  ten ; 
that  it  should  be  so  much,  and  that  tne  rates  should  be  high  enough  to  pay  them  for 
doing  the  work. 

In  shorty  the  question  is  asked,  why  should  not  the  Associated  Press 
serve  all  papers  at  the  same  price  t  To  the  credit  of  the  wealthy  mem- 
bers of  the  Associated  Press  be  it  said,  they  have  volantarily  taken 
upon  themselves  the  largest  payments.  Thus,  take  what  is  called  the 
Western  Press  report,  which  is  delivered  to  fourteen  of  the  principal  cities 
lying  between  the  Alleghanies  and  the  plains  of  Kansas.  The  service 
is  the  same  to  all,  yet,  except  the  cities  of  Cincinnati,  Saint  Louis,  and 
Chicago,  no  two  cities  pay  the  same.  Their  assessments  are  in  propor- 
tion to  their  population  and  ability  to  pay.  The  same  rule  applies  to 
cities  taking  condensed  reports.  In  a  number  of  these  places  the  money 
paid  by  the  papers  does  not  equal  the  cost  of  delivering  the  report,  and 
nothing  is  received  toward  paying  the  cost  of  the  original  collection, 
handling,  and  editing  of  the  news ;  under  no  other  system  ^ould  this 
be  possible.  The  Government  charges  the  same  rate  of  postage  to  rich 
and  poor  alike.    The  Associated  Press  discriminates  in  favor  of  the  poor. 

To  make  this  clearer  I  will  refer  to  the  question  of  rates.  The  wit- 
ness remarks : 

As  I  understand  it  they  have  a  rate  from  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company 
[**they  "  referring  to  the  Associated  Press]  which  makes  the  rate  to  each  individnal 
paper  6^  cents  for  each  hundred  words,  on  an  average.  I  do  not  know  who  devised 
this  contract.  I  assume  that  it  was  devised  by  the  Associated  Press,  as  I  know  that 
it  has  always  been  the  idea  in  the  Associated  Egress  office,  whei'e  I  was  employed  lor 
many  years,  that  if  they  could  get  up  some  sort  of  contract  that  would  apply  to  dis- 
tance, and  base  it  on  the  ready-made  business  that  they  have,  it  would  be  a  schf  nio 
which  would  bar  out  everyb^hr  else.  For  instance,  if  the  Associated  Press,  having 
clients  from  New  Orleans  to  Washington,  get  a  rate  at  Richmond  of  an  eignth  of  a 
cent  a  word  that  enables  the  Associated  Press  to  serve  Richmond  for  |25  or  $30  a 
week. 

The  rate  to  Bichmond  is  $64.50,  which  is  very  different  from  the  state- 
ment made.  Nor  is  there  any  contract  for  6^  cents  per  hundred  words, 
as  you  will  see  further  on.    Another  reference : 

We  cannot  send  1,000  words  in  the  day  and  2,000  at  night  and  live  under  it.  Now, 
for  illustration,  the  Associated  Press  has  seven  newspapers  in  Chicago  and  I  have  one. 
The  Western  Union  charges  nothing  on  account  of  the  six  additional  papers.  They 
serve  the  place.    It  costs  me  as  much  to  serve  Chicago  as  it  does  them. 

Which  is  not  true.    One  other  reference.     This  question  is  asked : 

Q.  That  is  done,  I  supx>ose,  at  an  increase  of  expense  T 

That  is,  the  service  to  the  Detroit  Times.    The  answer  is : 

A.  Oh,  yes.  News  comes  very  high  to  those  papers  in  Detroit.  The  Evening  News 
receives  very  little,  but  its  telegrams  cost  it  $60  per  week^  I  think  itfl  pr^rietor  told 
me ;  and  the  service  to  the  Detroit  Times  must  oe  double  m  cost  to  that  of  the  Detroit 
Free  Press,  which  is  served  by  the  Associated  Press. 

I  saw  last  evening  a  manuscript  report  of  some  testimony  given  before 
this  committee  yesterday  on  that  point,  which  I  will  also  read,  with  your 
permission.    This  question  is  asked : 

Q.  Have  you  any  evidence  of  an  arrangement  between  the  Western  Unioii  ajsd  the 
Associated  Press  by  which  the  telegraph  company  sustains  the  Press  Association  in 
this  exclusiveness  of  its  news  f 

A.  Well,  only  in  a  general  way.    In  my  experience  ti«  ^  ii«^^^V^T  imm^'V>b»:s^ 
always  known  that  tbe  Associated  Press  dispatches,  1  \i«^\c^^,  \»«3fcft  ^tfeR«A«siv^few«t 
everything  else,  and  precedence  over  the  Ijnited  Ptow  d\s^«XOawk*    Wiv^^  v5;S^  ^*^ 
inforwed  by  agents  of  the  United  Press. 

S.  Rop.  577,  pt.  2 19 


290  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENRY    SMITH. 

T  believe  the  represcDtative  of  the  United  Press,  the  other  day,  stated 
the  very  opposite  of  that.    Another  question  is  asked : 

Q.  Yon  have  Htatcd  that  those  papers  pay  $17, 1  tliink  it.  was,  for  what  you  have  to 
pay  how  much  T 
A.  Olio  hnnOred  and  ten  dollars. 

Mr.  Chairman,  there  is  no  such  rate  as  here  mentioned.  You  have 
been  furnished  with  a  copy  of  the  contract  between  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  and  the  Associated  Press.  That  contract  shows 
you  that  there  is  no  rate  less  than  $2.50  per  100  words,  except  in  the 
new  arid  sparsely  settled  districts  of  Texas  and  Colorado.  In  other 
sections  the  Associated  Press  has  to  account  to  the  telegraph  company 
•at  the  rates  mentioned,  but  it  does  not  always  collect  from  the  napers 
receiving  report  as  much  as  it  pays  to  the  telegraph  company  ror  the 
service.  This  is  true  in  several  points  of  the  south,  of  Butte  and  Helena, 
Mont.,  Ogden,  Utah,  and  other  places.  There  is  a  different  class  of 
service,  which  you  will  find  referred  to  in  the  contract,  for  which  80  per 
cent,  of  the  receipts  go  to  the  telegraph  company  and  20  per  cent,  to  the 
Associated  Press.  This  is  an  expensive  service  to  the  telegraph  com- 
pany and  the  compensation  is  small.  The  comi)en8atiou  to  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  is  trifling,  and  is  intended  only  to  cover  the  cost  of  tolls  on 
incoming  local  news,  and  not  pay  anything  towards  the  original  cost  of 
report. 

As  already  stated,  while  the  rates  paid  to  the  telegraph  company  are 
uniform,  the  charges  by  the  Associated  Press  are  adjusted  on  the' con- 
ditions of  ability  to  pay  and  surrounding  circumstances.  Thus,  while 
in  New  York  a  morning  paper  maj^  pay  from  $300  to  $800  per  week, 
in  Chicago  from  $100  to  $200,  and  in  Milwaukee  $100,  in  other  cities, 
younger  in  yeai-s,  the  charge  is  much  less.  I  am  informed  that  the  very 
absunl  statement  was  made  to  you  yesterday'  that  the  Free  Press  and 
Post  and  Tribune,  of  Detroit,  paid  each  only  about  $17;  whereas  for 
years  they  have  paid  jointly  $218.  It  would  be  to  the  interest  of  these 
papers  to  prevent  the  delivery  of  reports  to  the  interior  cities  of  Mich- 
igan, >et,  to  their  credit  be  it  said,  they  have  cheerfully  acquiesced  in 
the  policy  of  the  management  of  the  Associated  Press,  which  has  been, 
and  is,  to  give  news  reports  to  all  cities  large  enough  to  support  a 
newspaper.  This  has  usually  been  done  on  petition  of  citizens.  Thus 
the  cities  of  Grand  Bapids,  East  Saginaw,  Bay  City,  and  other  points 
in  Michigan  have  been  supplied  with  news  reports  for  the  payment  of 
a  mere  bagatelle.  This  has  been  d<'iie  to  aid  in  the  building  up  of  those 
cities.  The  same  is  true  of  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota,  and  other  new 
States.  The  cost  to  the  Oshkosh  paper  is  $17  a  week;  to  the  La  Crosse 
Chronicle,  $26 ;  to  the  Winona  Kepublican,  $28.  To  make  the  rate  uni- 
form, as  has  been  suggested,  would  result  in  destroying  nearly  one-half 
of  the  newspapers  of  the  United  States.  I  am  sure  Senators  would  not 
regard  such  legislation  in  the  nature  of  encouraging  the  press. 

The  co-operative  system  which  gives  to  the  Little  Rock  Gfazette,  the 
Vicksburg  Herald,  the  Fort  Wayne  Gazette,  the  Grand  Rapids  Demo- 
crat, and  other  papers  of  the  second  class,  through  the  Associated  Press, 
a  representative  at  the  capital  and  in  every  city  in  the  world  is  the 
only  system  by  which  a  large  portion  of  the  American  press  could  live 
as  daily  newspapers.  These  supply  to  the  people  of  the  different  com- 
munities twice  each  day  the  cream  of  the  news  as  fresh  as  it  is  supplied 
to  the  citizens  of  the  great  cities.  Without  such  sn  agency  the  papers 
could  not  afford  to  pay  the  cost  of  correspondence,  even  if  the  Goveru* 
4Bettt  carried  tVi^  u^nn^  t^v^^^  ^^  over  the  wires. 


TESTIMONY    OF    WILLIAM    HENRY    SMITH.  291 

The  Associated  Press,  iu  addition  to  this  work  of  sui)plying  news, 
supplies  rommunities,  through  the  dailies  and  weeklies,  with  the  market 
reports,  with  all  of  the  coniniercial  news  which  is  of  interest  to  every 
man  engaged  in  business  of  any  kind  and  of  every  description.  Not  a 
dollar  does  the  country  weekly  pay  for  its  news.  It  is  all  furnished  by 
the  Associated  Press,  and  thev  take  it  freelv  and  without  cost  from  the 
cxdnmus  of  Associated  Press  newspapers. 

Let  me  read  again  the  answer  to  Senator  Jackson's  question : 

A.  I  think  that  the  telegraph  companies  should  give  a  rate  similar  to^  the  rate  |^y en 
by  the  British  Government ;  that  is,  that  they  should  charse  so  much  for  serving  a 
piacej  and  if  there  is  more  than  one  paper  there  that  they  should  serve  the  additional 
papt'rs;  and  that  the  rate  should  be  given  whether  three  points  were  served  or  ten ; 
that  it  should  be  so  much,  and  that  the  rates  should  be  high  enough  to  pay  thepi  for 
doing  the  work. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  reading  from  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Phillips! 

The  Witness.  Yes.  How  is  it  possible  for  a  common  carrier  to  dis- 
criminate as  suggested  t 

The  rate  is  on  the  service  done.  If  the  rate  is  $2.50  a  hundred  words, 
for  a  service  of  16,000  words  per  day,  and  the  owners  choose  to  permit 
the  use  to  a  half  dozen  papers,  that  is  a  matter  that  does  not  concern 
the  telegraph  company'.  If  an  individual  newspaper  published  in  the 
same  town  asks  the  telegraph  company  to  transmit  for  it  also  16,000 
words,  the  company  must  charge  the  same  rate  for  a  like  service.  Papers 
that  give  out  to  others  this  news  deprive  themselves  of  the  benefit  of 
exclusiveuess.  There  is  not  a  paper  in  any  large  city  where  several 
papers  are  published,  receiving  Associated  Press  reports,  that  would 
not  pay  very  cheerfully  the  assessment  that  is  made  on  all  the  news- 
papers there.  The  principle  of  exclusiveuess  is  very  valuable.  But 
that  is  not  recognized  by  the  Associated  Press,  so  far  as  the  city  Is  con- 
cerned. The  same  principle  applies  to  all  other  kinds  of  business.  A 
railroad  is  a  common  carrier  for  the  transportation  of  merchandise,  &c. 
It  charges  a  certain  rate  for  the  transportation  of  a  carload  of  wheat, 
whether  that  carload  of  wheat  belongs  to  an  individual  or  to  an  associ- 
ation of  individuals.  There  can  be  no  discrimination  in  rates  where  the 
service  is  the  same.  The  matter  of  association,  or  the  division  that 
comes  firom  association,  belongs  to  the  individuals  themselves  and  to 
nobody  else. 

I  note  further  the  following  questions  and  answers : 

By  Senator  Wiubon  : 

Q.  Suppose  there  should  be  a  regulation  by  act  of  Congress  to  the  effect  that  all 
news  transmitted  for  any  association  by  a  telegraph  company  should  be  fnmiiked  at 
the  same  rates  to  all  papers  at  the  different  points  reached.  What  effect,  in  jour 
Judgment,  would  that  have  on  your  cause  of  complaint  T— A.  I  think  it  would  give 
everybody  a  chance  to  live  and  do  business.    . 

Q.  What  would  be  your  Judgment  concerning  a  measure  of  that  kind,  basinff  your 
opinion  upon  your  experience  m  connection  with  telegraphing  and  newst — ^A.  ithink 
the  effect  would  be  good.  It  would  put  evei^body  on  the  same  basis,  and  newspapers 
then  would  be  Just  the  same  as  the  commercial  patrons  uf  the  telegraph  companies 
are  now. 

The  Associated  Pi*ess  exercises  the  right  eiyoyed  by  every  other  pri- 
vate business  in  the  land  of  choosing  its  own  partners.  It  does  not 
interfere  with  the  formation  of  other  associations  or  with  individual  en- 
terprises. The  result  of  Government  intervention,  even  if  the  Consti- 
tution warranted  such  intervention,  would  be  to  increase  the  cost  to  the 
weaker  papers  and  to  reduce  the  cost  to  the  stronger,  as  I  have  already 
shown. 


292  TESTIMONY    OP   WILLIAM   HENBT   SMITH. 

Before  I  proceed  to  reply  to  the  question,  let  me  bring  into  view  a 
collateral  one : 

At  this  point,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  desire  to  disclaim  any  purpose  to 
discuss  the  question  of  a  postal  telegraph.  It  is  one  on  which  good 
citizens  may  iionestly  differ.  The  Associated  Press  papers  ai*e  divided 
in  opinion  on  this  subject. 

This  committee  have  caused  to  be  printed  the  favorable  opinions  of 
the  New  York  Herald,  the  Evening  Post,  the  Chicago  Tribune,  and 
other  prominent  wealthy  Ab^sociated  Press  papers.  But  with  this  I 
have  nothing  to  do. 

The  Chaibman.  In  what  cases  did  we  do  that! 

The  WiTNtiss.  It  is  in  an  appendix  to,  which  is  made  a  part  of,  the 
statement  of  Mr.  Hubbard  before  this  committee. 

The  Chaibman.  Quotes  from  those  papers! 

The  Witness.  Yes  ;  some  forty-eight  pages.  It  is  the  testimony  of 
the  A8^oc^dted  Press  in  favor  oi'  your  scheme  Of  a  postal  telegraph. 
There  are  others,  and  perba])S  a  greater  number  that  might  express  a 
different  opinion. 

You  are  asked  by  a  complainant  to  inter]>ose  the  power  of  the  Gov- 
eniment  to  com]>el  the  telegraph  company  to  discriminate  against  the 
Associated  Press  and  in  favor  of  the  United  Press.  Fortunately  the 
fundamental  law,  about  which  this  complainant  Ls  in  blissful  ignorance, 
prevents  this  and  places  all  on  an  equal  footing.  But  this  request  opens 
up  to  view  the  danger  to  the  liberty  of  the  press  if  the  handling  of  re- 
ports were  left  to  the  officers  and  employes  of  a  political  party.  The  pas- 
sions and  interests  of  party  coustitute  a  dangerous  basis  upon  which 
to  rest  the  business  of  the  newspaper  press  of  the  Republic.  Any  one 
familar  with  tiie  difficulties  in  the  way  of  tracing  delays,  blunders,  and 
omissions  in  the  handling  of  press  busiuess  will  understand  how  futile 
legal  enactments  would  be  to  protect  the  press  against  partisan  inter- 
ference. The  frequent  expediting  of  reports  to  one,  or  the  delay  to  a  very 
important  piece  of  news  at  a  critical  hour  by  magnetic  disturbances  or 
atmospheric  influences  to  another,  might  prove  fatal  to  an  opponent 
The  success  of  newspapers  depends  in  a  measure  upon  time;  in  the 
case  of  news,  almost  upon  seconds  of  time. 

Complaint  is  made  because  members  of  the  Associated  Press  choose 
their  partners,  and  do  not  throw  open  the  doors  to  every  new-comer. 
What  private  business  is  conducted  on  that  principle t  Does  the  dry- 
goods  merchant  divide  the  orders  of  his  commercial  agents  with  his 
neighbors?  Does  the  broker  supply  competing  brokers  with  his  private 
dispatches?  And  yet  it  has  been  gravely  suggested  here  that  this 
principle  be  applied  to  the  Associated  Press,  a  business  as  distinctly 
private  as  the  others. 

As  to  the  principle  of  the  admission  of  new  members,  I  take  the  lib- 
erty,  with  his  permission,  of  referring  to  a  remark  made  by  the  chairman 
before  the  formal  opening  of  this  meeting  of  the  committee,  that  papers 
at  Denverhad  applied  for  and  failed  to  get  the  news.  I  beg  to  say  that 
there  are  published  in  Denver  today  three  morning  papers  and  one 
evening  paper,  recei\ing  the  Associated  Press  reports — a  greater  number 
of  papers  in  proportion  to  the  population  than  are  published  in  any  other 
city  in  the  United  States.  That  community  is  not  suffering  for  the 
want  of  newspapers ;  the  papers  may  be  suffering  for  the  want  of  patrons. 
It  is  true  that  two  applications  have  been  made  by  outsiders,  in  the  city 
of  Denver,  for  \^ft\)xe^^  \^^w\^\vk  ^i^xlwii  to  those  four  papers,  and 
they  have  been  xeivx^eA,  «l\x(\.  n^t^  \i\o^^\Vs ,  \v  \^ w'^iW^^^sJCvs^  ^C  the 


TESTIMONY    OF    WITJ.IAM   HENRY    SMITH.  293 

Afii^ociated  Press  to  make  wertk  newspapers,  bnt  to  make  strong  news- 
papers.   That  is  in  tlie  interest  of  the  commanity. 

1  retam  now  to  the  question  of  regulation.  Whence  does  Congress 
derive  the  power  f  One  of  the  most  distingnished  constitutional  lawyers 
that  ever  appeared  before  the  Supreme  Court  spoke  as  follows  just 
sixty  years  ago,  and  1  reckon  it  is  sound  argument  to-day.    He  said : 

It  i8  ouly  nnder  State  laws  that  propertjr  can  be  aoqaired  by  individiials.  It  is  by 
State  laws  that  tbo  private  dealings  and  private  business  of  the  citizens  mnst  be  resu- 
iat«'d.  Tbe  law  of  contract,  the  law  of  descent,  the  law  of  conveyance  can  neitherbe 
origiuated  nor  modified  by  Congress.  It  is  by  these  laws  that  private  rights  in  prop- 
erty are  created  and  secured. 

Now,  Mr.  Chairman,  the  members  and  clients  of  the  Associated  Press 
bave  a  valuable  property,  which  has  been  acquired  through  years  of 
industry  and  the  expenditure  of  many  millions  of  dollars.  Are  yon 
going  to  sweep  it  away  f 

The  Associated  Press  was  in  existence  twenty-five  years  before  an  op- 
position news  association  was  started.  During  that  time  it  paid  very 
bigli  rates  for  collecting  and  telegraphing  news.  There  was  ahard  strug- 
gle to  make  both  ends  meet.  Papers  died,  and  new  capital  came  for- 
ward to  contest  the  ground.  Millions  were  spent  to  supply  the  people 
of  the  United  States  with  the  news  of  tbe  world,  at  the  earliest  moment, 
and  at  the  least  possible  cost.  Yon  are  now  asked  to  discriminate 
against  this  service  in  the  interest  of  another.  How  will  yon  do  itt 
Will  30U  command  the  Associated  Press  to  share  its  business  with  the 
new  comer  by  giving  copies  of  its  reports  to  whoever  may  ask  for  them  t 
This  would  result  in  new  combinations,  bnt  it  would  not  change  the 
conditions.  Will  yon  make  a  uniform  rate  to  all  points  t  This  would 
help  the  newspapers  of  the  large  cities  who  do  not  need  assistance,  and 
kill  more  than  half  of  the  papers  of  the  second  class.  However,  one 
good  would  result  from  this :  It  would  take  away  from  lawyers  who 
have  failed  at  the  bar,  and  preachers  who  have  retired  from  the  minis- 
try, and  politicians  who  have  been  repudiated  by  tbe  people,  the  in- 
spiration to  become  journalists,  and  thus  society  would  be  much  bene- 
fited. 

But  it  is  proposed  to  accomplish  this  through  legislation  regulating 
the  Western  Cnion  Telegraph  Company.  In  the  business  or  stairs  of 
that  company  the  AssociatCKi  Press  has  no  interest.  But  we  have  con- 
tracts, not  very  valuable  {lerhaps;  but  they  are  valid  contracts,  and  under 
them  we  have  entered  into  written  obligations  to  other  parties,  which  ob- 
ligations we  are  legally  bound  to  fulfill.  Has  Congress  a  right  to  pass  a 
law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts.t  Whence  is  the  )K)wer  de- 
rived f  Can  Congivss  do  indirectly  what  it  cannot  do  directly  f  Chief- 
Justice  Marshall  says,  in  Osborn  vs.  The  Bank  of  the  United  States,  that 
Congress  cannot  create  a  corporation  to  conduct  a  private  business. 
If  Ccmgress  may  not  create  a  private  business  can  it  regulate  a  private 
business  ?  On  this  )>oint  I  must  beg  pardon  of  the  legal  gentlemen 
pn'sont  for  thus  trespassing  upon  their  exclusive  ground. 

yote  one  other  i)oint  in  the  testimony  before  me  relative  to  news  serv- 
ice in  Englund.    This  question  is  asked  by  the  chairman  : 

Q.  Generally  speaking,  id  Europe,  under  the  system  of  Government  control,  are  von 
informed  on  the  snlgt  ct  asto  irhethertheDewsisfreeyasit  isin  England,  and  whether 
alj  perMins  can  take  it  at  a  uniform  rate  f — A.  I  have  no  direct  information  on  that 
point.  All  the  knowledge  I  have  is  purely  inferential.  From  what  people  tellme  who 
conieuvtT  hero  and  attempt  to  do  but)inet>s  with  opposition  press  associations,  I  Jud^e 
that  news  is  free  there.  When  they  are  to)d  that  the  Associated  Press  wiU  not  permit 
such  u  thing  here  they  are  always  surprised,  and  say  they  cannot  conceiye  how^  in  a 
fret!  country,  there  should  be  such  a  monopoly  as  this^w^ieii  \.\i«^^'^^^^^=^'^^%^^^^^^ 
the  other  aide. 


294  TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM   HENRY   SMITH. 

The  British  press  rate  is  25  cents  for  75  words  dunug  the  day,  and  25 
cents  for  100  words  at  night,  to  each  place  where  but  one  paper  is  served, 
and  4  cents  for  75  words  in  the  day-time,  and  4  cents  per  100  words  at 
night,  for  each  additional  paper  served.  But  as  to  the  English  service 
it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  Great  Britain  is  a  small  country  com- 
pared  with  the  United  States.  If  the  rate  were  made  on  the  same  basis 
in  America,  it  would  be  very  much  higher  to  the  papers  than  the  rate 
charged  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company'. 

The  complainant  before  you  was  not  informed  as  to  the  press  service 
in  Great  Britain,  and  the  impression  is  left  with  the  committee  that 
anybody's  news  reports  may  be  had  for  the  asking,  and  by  paying  the 
Government  a  rate  of  4  cents  a  hundred  words.  This,  however,  is  not 
the  case.  The  news  reports  are  the  property  of  individuals,  Jind  are 
sold  or  withheld  at  their  option.  There  are  no  associations  of  news- 
papers there.  The  papers  of  London  act  independently  of  each  other. 
The3'  have  leased  wires  and  employ  special  correspondents  just  as  the 
papers  do  in  this  country.  It  is  related  that  a  London  paper  spent 
£3,000  on  one  occasion  for  eastern  war  news.  It  was  not  possible  for 
any  other  paper  to  obtain  this  report  by  application  to  the  Government. 
Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  private  rights,  that  the  common  law,  is  re- 
spected yet  in  Old  England. 

By  Mr.  Gardiner  G.  Hubbard  : 

Q.  Was  that  the  New  York  Herald  that  had  that  news! — A.  A  Lon- 
don morning  paper. 

Q.  Did  not  the  Herald  do  the  same  thing,  purchase  the  Abyssinian 
news  at  a  high  price  f — A.  They  have  done  it. 

Q.  And  were  they  not  obliged  to  turn  it  over  to  their  associates,  who 
did  not  pay  a  cent  for  it! — A.  They  did  not  turn  it  over  to  their  asso* 
ciates. 

Q.  Were  they  not  obliged  to  do  that? — A.  The  ru'e  would  require 
them  to,  yes. 

The  Chairman.  I  am  informed  that  you  have  copies  of  the  contnicts 
which  we  have  called  for.    Suppose  we  have  those  presented  first. 

4 Witness  presents  papers  to  the  chairman.)  [See  appendix.] 
^he  Witness.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  wish  to  remark  here,  in  presenting 
those  contracts,  that  the  right  of  this  committee  to  them  is  not  recog- 
nized by  the  Associated  Press,  but  that  they  are -given  through  courtesy 
and  with  a  desire  to  furnish  to  the  committee  all  the  information  within 
the  possession  of  the  Associated  Press. 

By  Senator  Wilson: 

Q.  In  that  statement  do  you  design  to  place  any  limitation  upon  the 
use  of  the  contracts  on  the  part  of  the  committee  f 

The  Witness.  You  mean  their  publication  ! 

Senator  Wilson.  Yes. 

A.  Yes.  They  are  for  the  information  of  the  members  of  the  commit- 
tee. 

The  Chairman.  It  may  be  important  information  for  the  Senate,  but 
they  cannot  be  submitted  to  the  Senate,  of  course,  unless  in  printed 
form. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  what  I  wish  to  understand.  In  the  prep- 
aration of  a  report  of  this  committee  on  this  subject,  do  you  wish  to  place 
a  limitation  on  the  use  which  the  committee  shall  make,  in  connection 
with  that  report,  oIl  \\\e^^  evnxXraeXi^ -^McU  you  furnish  ? 

The  Witness.  1  vTrfv^t  toT^^svt^NVi^^^K^^  v^N\iv>x\5L\\\:^\^y^\v%^^^ 
wlio  may  be  regarAeOi  a§»  Wi^  vto^xiviXw^  ^l>Qafe%^  ^\iNxaRX».. 


TESTIMONY    OK    WILLIAM    HKNKY    SMITH,  295 

Senator  Wilson.  I  put  the  qaestion  for  the  purpose  of  avoiding  any 
misunderstanding  in  the  future. 

Tbe  Witness.  Yes,  I  understand,  Senator.  I  will  communicate  an 
answer  to  tbe  committee  at  some  subsequent  time. 

Tbe  Chairman.  Can  we  make  these  contracts  a  parts  of  the  report 
of  your  testimony,  allowing  the  stenographer  to  incorporate  them  in  bis 
notes  f 

The  Witness.  Not  at  present,  please. 

Senator  Jackson.  As  1  understand  you  they  are  submitted  for  ex- 
amination by  tbe  committee. 

The  Witness.  Yes ;  it  is  done  in  order  to  correct  misrepresentations 
that  have  been  made  before  this  committee,  and,  as  I  said  before,  not 
as  recognizing  any  right  on  the  i^art  of  tbe  committee  to  demand  them 
of  the  owners. 

Senator  Wilson.  Tbe  misrepresentations,  as  you  allege,  have  gone 
into  the  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the  committee.  Suppose  we  should 
come  A)  tbe  conclusion  that  you  are  correct  in  designating  them  as  mis- 
representations, how  are  we  to  sustain  our  conclusions  in  that  regard 
unless  we  are  permitted  to  use  the  contracts  which  you  present  in  refu- 
tation of  those  misstatements  f 

The  Witness.  I  see  the  force  of  the  question,  Senator,  and  1  have 
no  doubt  that  our  teople  will  say  yes,  to  make  them  part  of  the  record, 
but  it  is  due  to  them  that  I  should  first  ask  the  question,  because  it  has 
not  been  considered  before. 

The  Chairman.  I  should  say  to  tbe  committee  that  these  are  not  the 
original  contracts ;  they  are  copies.  There  is  no  evidence  that  they  are 
correct  copies. 

The  Witness.  Would  a  certificate  signed  by  me  be  sufficient,  Mr. 
Chairman  f 

Senator  Jackson.  Are  you  tbe  custodian  of  these  contracts  f 

The  Witness.  Yes ;  I  am  custodian  of  the  papers. 

Senator  Jackson.  1  should  say  that  a  certificate  by  Mr.  Smith,  while 
be  is  under  oath,  too,  that  these  are  correct  copies  would  be  sufficient^ 
as  he  is  the  custodian  of  them. 

Tbe  Witness.  I  can  have  the  seal  of  a  notary  or  any  other  officer  at- 
tached, if  that  will  give  emphasis  to  my  statement,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Senator  Wilson.  A  certificate  by  Mr.  Smith,  I  should  suppose,  would 
be  a  sufficient  authentication. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  The  copy  ot  the  contract  which  Mr.  Green  furnished  us  before  re- 
fers  to  a  contract  of  January  11, 1867 ;  this  is  a  copy  of  the  latter,  as  I 
understand  f — A.  Yes. 

Q.  It  also  refers  to  a  contract  of  March  1,  1868,  of  June  7, 1871,  and 
of  September,  1878. 

The  Witness.  I  observe,  Mr.  Chairman,  on  looking  over  that  con- 
tract that  you  have,  after  coming  here,  that  there  is  omitted  ^rom  the 
papers  that  I  handed  to  you  this  morning  a  supplemental  contract  of 
1868.  It,  however,  is  of  no  special  importance.  It  simply  changed  tbe 
manner  of  making  up  the  noon  report.  The  noon  report  at  that  time 
was  sent  from  Buffalo,  and  that  supplemental  contract  changed  that 
service  to  New  York  City.    That  is  all  there  is  of  it. 

Q.  I  will  ask  a  question  growing;  out  of  the  statement  you  made  that 
you  have  no  exclusive  contracts.  You  have  a  large  number  of  local  con- 
tracts, or  contracts  with  local  associations.  Are  not  those  exclusive  in 
their  character! 


29G 


TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM   HENRY   SMITH. 


The  Witness.  To  the  members  of  those  associations! 

The  Chairman.  To  the  particular  associations. 

A.  They  aiv  ext-Jnsive,  certainly. 

Q.  You  ronld  not  give  them  to  any  other  association  within  the  same 
territory,  could  yout— A.  We  certainly  would  not.  It  is  our  territory; 
it  is  all  one  thing.  These  are  parts  of  the  general  Associated  Press; 
they  are  simply  ])arts  of  the  same  machinery.  But  for  convenience  they 
have  been  divided  into  associations  for  local  purposes.  There  are  num- 
bers of  associated  presses,  and  there  are  members  having  franchises  in 
the  form  of  certificates.  They  may  be  said  to  be  the  controlling  members 
of  the  associations.  Papers  that  have  not  such  certificates  have  instead 
these  local  organizations  and  the  exclusive  contracts  to  which  I  referred, 
and  the  carrying  power  with  the  telegraph  companies.  This,  however, 
is  a  matter  of  interior  government,  and  does  not  concern  this  committee, 
nor  does  it  relate  to  my  statement. 

By  Senator  Jackson  : 

Q.  You  simply  undertake  to  serve  your  members  t — A.  That  is  it. 
These  are  our  own  people,  and  instead  of  giving  them  certificates  we 
give  them  written  guarantees,  if  you  please,  that  they  shall  have  pre- 
cisely the  same  privileges  as  controlling  members. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  No  person  wishing  to  start  a  paper  within  the  territory  of  one  of 
these  local  associations  can  get  the  news  rei)orts  of  the  Associated  Press 
without  the  consent  of  the  association  of  that  locality  ! — A.  Not  with- 
out the  consent,  if  you  please,  of  the  paper  in  the  locality  whence  the 
application  comes.    That  is  the  universal  rule. 

Q.  The  consent  of  the  paper,  you  say;  1  do  not  understand  that — 
A.  I  will  illustrate,  if  you  please :  Take  the  city  of  Minneapolis,  there 
are  two  newspapers  there  receiving  Associated  Press  reports.  If  there 
were  an  ap])lication  made  for  a  new  paper  the  question  would  be  asked 
the  two  papers  of  Minneapolis  whether  or  not  they  were  willing  to  have 
this  news  given  to  other  papers ;  that  is,  whether  or  not  a  new  member 
should  be  admitted  into  the  partnership.  That  point  I  discussed  in 
my  preliminary  remarks. 

Q.  Then,  so  far  as  the  news  that  is  furnished  is  concerned,  it  is  re- 
stricted at  the  demand  of  the  i)arties  who  are  now  receiving  it! — A.  They 
have  a  right  to  elect  whether  they  will  admit  new  partners  or  not,  and 
that  is  being  done ;  as,  for  instance,  last  year  five  new  members  were 
adiliittod  in  different  places,  and  only  last  week  I  gave  an  order  for  the 
admission  of  a  new  paper  at  Lincoln,  Kebr.  No  reasonable  application 
is  ever-  refused.  There  are  a  great  many  foolish  people  who  want  to 
Htart  newspapers.  You  can  find  them  every  two  weeks  in  almost  every 
town  or  city  in  the  land. 

Q.  lJ(yes  the  management  of  the  Associated  Press  undertake  in  every 
case  to*  decide  for  such  people  whether  they  need  a  newspaper  or  not  f — 
A.  The  management  ot  the  Associated  Press  leaves  that  to  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  papers  in  each  community,  and  to  the  citizens  of  commu- 
nities iff  the  absence  of  established  papers. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Does  the  community,  aside  from  the  Associated  Press  pajiers 
within  it,  have  anything  to  say  in  regard  to  the  establishment  of  local 
papers  and  their  receipt  of  Associated  Press  news  t— A.  They  have  had 
a  great  deal  to  say  in  the  past. 


TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM   HENRY   SMITH.  297 

Q.  Has  that  great  deal  that  they  have  had  to  say  been  eflfective  f — 
A.  Yes. 
Q.  Is  that  generally  the  case  t — A.  That  is. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  When  persons  in  a  community  desire  to  start  a  newspaper  and 
the  pai>er8  of  the  local  association  decide  that  they  will  not  give  them 
a  franchise  or  sell  it  to  them  have  they  any  power  whatever  to  obtain 
the  news  dispatches  f 

The  Witness.  The  citizens  t 

The  Chairman.  The  persons  who  desire  to  start  the  publication  of  a 
newspaper  and  wish  to  get  the  Associated  Press  news. 

The  Witness.  Why,  most  certainly  not.  They  may  do  it  by  bur- 
glary. ])erhaps,  the  same  as  they  would  take  possession  of  a  merchant's 
establishment.  ^ 

Q.  Then  will  you  explain  how,  in  answer  to  Senator  Wilson's  ques- 
tion, you  can  make  it  appear  that  persons  not  connected  with  the  asso- 
ciation can  inake  their  influence  felt  so  as  to  compel  the  company  to 
give  them  newsf — A.  1  will  draw  a  line  between  the  two  classes  of  per- 
sons 8i>oken  of,  the  one  by  me,  and  the  one  by  you.  Ton  are  speaking 
of  an  individual  or  two  or  three  individuals  in  a  community  who  may 
desire  to  start  a  newspaper  They  have  no  right  and  they  have  no 
power  in  the  case.  But  if  a  community  has  generally,  as  a  matter  of 
local  interest,  presented  a  strong  case  for  an  additional  newspaper,  I  do 
not  recall  a  single  instance  where  the  voice  of  the  community  has  not 
been  regarded. 

Q.  But  it  is  optional  with  the  association  controlling  the  franchise t — 
A.  Why,  undoubtedly,  it  is  their  property. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Any  member  in  any  city  or  town  objecting  to  having  the  news 
furnished  to  another  paper  can  prevent  it,  can  he  notf — A.  Yes. 

Q.  So  that  the  veto  upon  a  proposition  of  that  kind  belongs  to  each 
member  of  the  association  f — A.  Just  as  in  any  othei*  partnership.  There 
is  no  difference  between  the  Associated  Press  and  other  business  in  that 
respect. 

Q.  Do  you  make  any  distinction  between  the  business  of  collecting 
and  disseminating  news  calculated  to  affect  the  public  interests  or  the 
business  of  the  country  and  that  of  any  other  private  business  f — 
A.  No. 

Q.  The  news  sent  out,  whether  correct  or  otherwise,  may  have  a 
greater  or  less  effect  upon  public  affairs,  may  it  notf — A.  Yes. 

Q.  And  upon  the  business  of  the  country  or  of  localities  f — A*  Yes. 

Q.  Can  any  other  business  in  the  country  produce  a  like  eff'ect  f — A. 
If  a  man  in  Chicago  corners  the  wheat  market,  he  affects  the  entire  com- 
mercial community.  If  Sprague,  Warner  &  Co.,  of  Chicago,  buy  up  all 
the  canned  goods  in  the  country  and  increase  the  price  20  to  30  per 
cent.,  that  affects  the  entire  commercial  community. 

Q.  Do  you  think  it  desirable  to  maintain  and  perpetuate  that  element 
in  the  business  of  the  country  f — A.  No ;  but  that  is  not  the  case  with 
the  Associated  Press.  WMieu  newspapers  can  be  bought  for  one  cent  in 
almo>t  every  large  city  in  the  country,  and  for  less  than  five  cents  in 
nearly  every  city,  there  is  no  opportunity  to  injure  the  community.  On 
the  contrary,  the  newspaper  cannot  succeed  without  representing  public 
sentiment.  That  sentiment  is  always  regarded  in  the  management  of 
the  pre^s,  and  no  newspaper  can  expect  to  succeed  until  that  is  tak^u. 
into  consideration. 


298  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HEKRY   SMITH. 

Q.  When  I  bay  a  newspaper,  I  buy  what  is  published  in  itf— A.  For 
your  own  individual  use  t 

Senator  Wilson.  Yes ;  such  use  as  I  choose  to  make  of  it. 

The  Witness.  No;  I  beg  your  pardon.  You  cannot  immediately 
take  and  issue  that  in  another  form,  and  ^ell  it  in  competition  with  the 
man  of  whom  you  purchased  it.  I  mean  that  it  is  not  right  to  do  so. 
That  is  a  violation  of  property  rights,  as  recognized  by  the  common  law. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  a  distinction  concerning  which  we  would 
probably  disagree ;  but  that  is  not  very  material  to  this  inquiry.  When 
I  buy  a  newspaper  I  own  what  there  is  in  it. 

The  Witness.  For  your  personal  use,  your  information;  that  is  what 
you  own  it  for. 

Senator  Wilson.  When  the  publisher  of  that  newjspaper  is  prepar- 
ing the  news  for  publication,  he  puts  into  it  the  details  furnished  by  the 
Associated  Press,  so  far  as  that  association  is  a  factor  in  the  premises. 

The  Witness.  He  may,  or  he  may  not,  just  as  he  chooses. 

Senator  Wilson.  1  am  taking  it  for  granted  that  the  Associated  Press 
paper  will  publish  the  Associated  Press  news. 

The  Witness.  Yes. 

Senator  Wilson.  Suppose  the  Associated  ^ress,  for  any  reason 
whatever,  should  have  furnished  incorrect  news.  It  may  do  so,  may  it 
nott 

The  Witness.  It  never  has. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  hardly  an  answer  to  my  question,  permit 
me  to  suggest. 

The  Witness.  W^e  must  judge  the  future  by  the  past. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  am  speaking  now  of  possibilities,  because  they 
surround  a  principle  that  is  involved  in  this  case.  It  is  a  possible  thing, 
whether  probable  or  not,  for  the  Associated  Press  to  furnish  false  liews, 
is  it  not  f 

The  Witness.  It  is  a  possible  thing  for  a  man  to  commit  an  error,  to 
be  misled. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  hardly  an  answer  to  my  question. 

The  Witness.  Well,  I  beg  your  pardon,  but  the  Associated  Press — 
and  that  is  what  gives  it  its  value — labors  to  make  authentic  the  news 
it  sends  out. 

Senator  Wilson.  Undoubtedly  ;  however,  there  have  been  many  in- 
stances in  which  the  news  has  not  been  authentic. 

The  Witness.  Very  few  instances,  sir,  within  my  recollecttion,  and 
1  have  been  in  the  newspaper  business  for  twenty-seven  years. 

Senator  Wilson.  It  is  within  the  power  of  the  Associated  Press  to 
do  what  I  suggested,  undoubtedly. 

The  Witness.  No,  sir,  it  is  not,  and  I  will  tell  you  why  it  is  not. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  am  not  making  any  special  [)oint  as  to  the  As- 
sociated Press  or  any  other  as>ociation.  I  am  dealing  with  what  seems 
to  me  a  general  principle.  It  seems  to  me  that  it  is  possible  for  the  As- 
sociated Press  to  mislead  the  public  with  regard  to  public  afi'aii*s  and 
with  reganl  to  business,  by  sending  out  that  which  is  not  conect  as 
authenticated  news,  upon  which  the  public  may  act,  upon  which  indi- 
viduals may  act.  They  supply  that  to  the  press  of  the  country,  from 
which  the  great  mass  of  the  people  derive  their  information,  and  on 
which  they  act  in  their  business  affairs  and  in  public  affairs.  Now,  it 
seems  to  me  that  an  association  or  an  individual  enjraged  in  that  kind 
of  business  stands  in  a  very  different  relation  from  the  man  who  is  con- 
ducting a  store,  a  groi^ery  establishment,  a  manufactory,  or  a  person 
pursuing  any  other  of  the  ordinary  avocations  of  life;  for  the  reason 


TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM   HENRY   SMITH.  299 

that  public  affairs  and  busiuess  affairs  may  be  so  largely  affected  by 
tbe  action  of  the  one  cannot  be  so  Affected  by  the  action  of  the  other. 
It  seems  to  me  there  is  a  clear  distinction  between  that  kind  of  business 
and  the  ordinary  private  business  of  the  people  of  the  country. 

The  Witness.  There  is  no  distinction  so  far  as  property  rights  are 
concerned;  no  distinction  so  far  as  the  law  is  concerned. 

By  Senator  Jackson  : 

Q.  It  is  simply  a  distinction  in  the  degree  of  confidence  that  the  public 
may  have  between  the  different  modes  of  the  reception  of  news,  is  itf — 
A.  Yes ;  and  I  desire  now  to  say  why  I  said  it  would  be  impossible  for 
the  Associated  Press  to  systematically  and  intentionally  mislead  the 
X)ublic:  It  is  because  the  Associated  Press  is  a  part  oi"  the  interests  of 
every  community  of  the  United  States.  Its  membership  embraces 
papers  of  all  parties  and  representing  every  opinion.  Therefore,  there 
could  not  be  a  concert  of  action  on  the  part  of  the  members  of  the  Associ- 
ated Press  which  would  lead  to  a  systematic  misrepresentation  of  evenU^ 
or  of  questions  in  which  the  public  had  a  vital  interest. 

By  Senator  Wilson  : 

Q.  Does  it  not  occur  to  you  that,  because  of  the  close  connection  be- 
tween that  association  or  any  other  similar  association  and  the  public 
affairs  of  the  country,  it  stands  upon  a  different  basis  from  that  of  the 
ordinary  business  of  the  people  f — A.  In  one  sense  I  admit  that,  but  not 
in  the  sense  of  property,  which  was  the  point  that  I  considered. 

Q.  In  what  sense  would  you  regard  it  as  occupying  a  different  posi- 
tion f — A.  In  the  sense  of  being  a  public  voice — a  tribune  of  the  people^ 
if  you  please. 

Q.  To  affect  any  public  affairs  and  afi'ect  any  business  affairs  t — ^A. 
Yes. 

Q.  Therefore,  is  it  not  one  of  the  governmental  possibilities  that  a 
business  occupying  such  a  position  might  be  touched  by  the  power  of 
regulation  which  could  not  be  extended  to  the  ordinary  business  of  the 
citizen  f — A.  Not  unless  you  change  the  Constitution.  The  Constitution 
guarantees  the  liberty  of  the  press,  and  regulation  is  inconsistent  with 
the  liberty  of  the  press. 

Senator  Wilson.  It  is  not  inconsistent,  however,  to  pass  a  law  for 
the  freedom  of  the  press  and  the  enforcement  of  that  principle  of  the 
Constitution,  is  itt 

The  Witness.  It  requires  no  enforcement ;  it  belongs  to  the  people. 
It  is  not  a  matter  that  concerns  Congress  at  all. 

Senator  Wilson.  The  Congress  cannot  abridge  the  freedom  of  the 
press,  but  it  seems  to  me  that  there  might  be  some  regulation  enacted 
by  Congress  which  would  make  more  effective  the  freedom  of  the  press 
than  it  would  be  without  regulation. 

The  Witness.  I  do  not  think  that  Congress  could  do  what  public 
sentiment  now  does.    That  controls  the  press  and  secures  its  freedom. 

Senator  Wilson.  Then  it  would  be  entirely  proper  for  Congress  to 
make  or  not  to  make  any  regulations  which  should  touch  the  circulation 
of  the  press  of  the  country. 

The  Witness.  Congress  may  provide  facilities  through  the  mails  for 
the  distribution  of  newspapers. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  is  somewhat  a  regulation,  then,  of  the  methods 
and  operations  of  the  press  f 

The  Witness.  But  not  a  regulation  of  the  contents  of  a  newspaper^ 
which  the  regulation  of  news  would  be.    After  you  once  get  re^ilatioa^ 


SOO  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENRY    SMITH. 

■ 

Senator,  you  wfll  then  have  censorship,  and  we  will  have  Con  ^ress  es- 
tablishing a  censorship. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  do  not  think  that  follows  as  a  necessity  at  all. 

The  Witness.  It  follows  as  a  logical  result. 

Senator  Wilson.  No  more  than  the  exercise  of  any  other  power  by 
Congress  implies  a  wrong  exercise.  Any  power  that  the  Government 
possesess  may  be  used  rightly  or  otherwise,  and  the  [lowers  of  individu- 
als may  be  used  rightly  or  otherwise ;  but  we  are  not  to  presume  that 
they  will  be  wrongly  used.  The  question  is,  can  they  in  any  event  and 
to  an^'  extent  be  used.  If  not  used  aright,  of  course  the  remedy  is  in 
the  judicial  department  of  the  Government.  But  I  am  not,  with  my 
present  impressions,  prepared  to  admit  that  any  business  which  so 
largely  afifects,  or  may  affect  public  affairs,  or  the  general  business  of 
the  people  as  the  business  we  are  talking  about,  stands  upon  the  same 
basis  or  in  the  same  relation  toward  Government  and  the  people  that 
the  ordinary  private  business  of  our  citizens  occupies. 

The  Witness.  Do  you  mean  to  say.  Senator,  that  it  does  not,  in 
respect  to  the  property  rights  involved  i 

Senator  Wilson.  The  use  of  property  is  involved  in  the  proposition 
of  property  rights.  You  cannot  separate  the  nght  of  property  from 
the  use  of  property ;  and  yet  because  a  man  has  an  absolute  and  un- 
questioned title  in  property  he  cannot  use  it  improperly,  and  if  he  does 
it  is  not  only  within  the  power,  but  it  is  the  duty,  of  Government  to 
prevent  that;  and  so  the  Government  does  in  all  the  relations  of  life. 
In  regard  to  matters  of  property,  a  man  may  own  beyond  all  question 
the  title  to  a  piece  of  property,  but  because  he  has  the  absolute  prop- 
erty right  in  it — using  that  phrase  in  its  ordinary  acceptation — he  has 
no  riglit  to  so  use  that  property  in  which  he  has  this  absolute  right  as 
to  convert  it  into  a  nuisance. 

The  Witness.  I  beg  your  pardon,  but  it  seems  to  me  you  are  con- 
founding the  general  laws  of  the  National  Government  with  the  munici- 
pal laws. 

Senator  Wilson.  Not  at  all. 

The  Witness.  It  certainly  is  not  the  province  of  Congress  or  of  the 
General  Government  to  interfere  with  those  property  rights  which  be- 
long exclusively  to  States  or  municipalities. 

Senator  Wilson.  The  General  Government  has  the  sanie  power  within 
its  jurisdiction  in  all  those  regards  that  a  State  government  has  within 
its  jurisdiction  in  those  several  respects. 

The  Witness.  Yes,  but  the  Constitution  sets  forth  and  limits  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  General  Government.  I  can  find  no  warrant  in  the 
Constitution  for  drawing  the  conclusion  you  do  from  it. 

Senator  Wilson.  We  may  not  agree  about  that^  and  doubtless  we 
would  not,  but  I  wish  to  suggt^st  and  to  enforce  the  idea  that  is  in  my 
mind — that  there  is  a  distinction  between  that  kind  of  business  which 
affects  public  affairs  and  the  general  interest  of  the  people  and  that 
which  merely  affects  the  private  affairs  of  the  citizen. 

By  Senator  Jackson  : 

Q.  Your  position  is  that  it  is  the  private  business  of  certain  private 
■associations  f — A.  Yes. 

Q.  Do  you  undertake,  in  the  management  of  that  business,  to  inter- 
fere with  other  papers  who  are  not  members  of  your  association,  in  pro- 
curing news  from  the  same  source  and  having  it  transmitted  over  the 
flame  wires  I — A.  Not  at  all. 

Q.  They  are  just  as  much  at  lifaSerty  to  make  contracts  for  the  trans- 


TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENBT   SMITH.  301 

mission  of  news  as  yoa  are,  are  they  T — A.  Jast  tlie  same.    It  is  a  mat- 
ter in  which  we  have  no  voice. 

Q.  As  to  new  members  coming  in  in  particular  localities,  yon  simply 
wish  to  consult  the  interests  of  your  different  associates  at  those  places  t — 
A.  Yes. 

By  the  Chairman  : 

Q.  Do  you  allow  papers  of  your  own  assocations  to  obtain  news 
through  other  press  associations  f — A.  There  are  certain  rules  govern- 
ing the  Associated  Press  which  all  papers  are  required  to  observe.  If 
any  memTier  violates  those  rules  it  is  my  duty  to  call  the  attention  of 
that  member  to  such  violation.  Now,  the  value  of  the  news  to  its  own- 
ers consists  in  the  control  of  it,  and  in  the  s^eguards  which  may  be 
thrown  around  it.  If  members  of  the  Associated  Press  were  permitted 
to  have  dealings  with  a  rival  association  there  would  be  no  security  for 
the  news  of  the  Associated  Press.  Hence,  there  are  rules  adopted  cal- 
culated to  prevent  improper  access  to  the  news  of  the  Associated 
Press. 

Q.  You  say  "improper  access;"  my  question  was  whether  any  of 
these  papers  could  obtain  the  news  it  wants  of  other  rival  associations 
in  part.  I  understand  you  to  say  substantially  that  your  rule  requires 
that  they  should  obtain  their  news  entirely  through  your  own  associa- 
tion f — A.  And  I  gave  the  reason  why. 

Q.  You  stated  in  answer  to  a  question  that  Senator  Wilson  pro- 
pounded, that  public  sentiment  controlled  this  business.  There  is  noth- 
ing else  that  controls  it,  is  there  f 

The  Witness.  Do  vou  mean  controlling  the  newspapers  individu- 
ally! 

The  Chaibman.  No;  controlling  the  matter  that  shall  be  sent  through 
the  Associated  Press  f 

The  Witness.  A.  Oh,  no. 

Q.  The  news  you  should  furnish  t — A.  Oh,  no;  I  said  nothing  of  the 
kind.    You  are  speaking  of  business  coutrol. 

The  Chairman.  I  am  speaking  of  the  control  of  news  matter  that 
goes  to  the  country. 

The  Witness.  Will  the  chairman  allow  me  to  explain  and  make  that 
clear  to  himi  The  power  directing  what  shall  be  sent  through  the 
Associated  Press  rests  in  certain  officers  elected  by  the  associates^per- 
sons  in  whom  they  have  confidence.  The  managers  respond  to  the 
wishes  and  opinions  of  the  associates.  Now,  newspapers,  as  I  said,  are 
controlled  by  public  sentiment ;  that  public  sentiment  reaches  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  through  the  associates,  and  in  that  way  the  Associated 
Press  responds  to  public  sentiment. 

The  Ch  airman.  Supposesomememberof  the  Associated  Press  should 
be  very  much  dissatisfied  with  the  character  of  the  news  that  was  sent, 
what  power  would  he  have  to  change  it,  or  to  influence  in  any  way  the 
character  of  the  news  which  should  he  furnished  by  the  Associated 
Press f  Be  is  not  allowed  to  take  his  news  from  any  other  association; 
he  must  either  dissolve  his  connection  with  the  Associated  Press,  as  I 
understand  it,  or  else  take  what  they  choose  to  send  him. 

The  Witness.  If  partners  are  unable  to  agree,  they  can  separate. 
Each  member  of  the  Associated  Press  has  this  power  of  presenting  his 
wishes  to  the  board  of  management,  in  the  election  of  which  he  has  had 
voice. 

Q.  I  would  like  to  ask  you,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  how  the  news  that  is 
furnished,  we  will  say,  from  all  points  in  the  Bast^  alon^  t\y^  ^k^^sc^Sssw 


302  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENRY    SMITH. 

coast,  is  bandleil.    Where  does  it  go  from  to  the  Western  Associated 
Press,  for  instance  f 

The  Witness.  The  Atlantic  seaboanl,  is  that  the  question  t 

The  Chaibman.  Yes. 

A.  The  news  from  the  Atlantic  seaboard  is  supplied  generally  by 
some  one  connected  with  the  Associated  Press  newspapers  in  each  local- 
ity. That  is  sent  to  the  city  of  New  York.  Copies  of  it  are  fhere  sup- 
plied to  the  New  York  City  papers,  and  it  is  there  relayed,  or  sucli  jwr- 
tions  of  it  as  are  considered  desirable  are  relayed,  as  we  e^all  it — retiled 
^ou  will  understand  better — for  other  points  in  the  West  and  other  sec- 
tions. 

Q.  All  the  news  that  goes  from  the  East  to  the  Western  Associated 
Press  goes  through  one  office,  does  it  notf— A.  No. 

Q.  Where  else! — A.  Part  of  it  goes  from  Washington. 

Q.  Does  not  most  of  the  Washington  news  to  the  Western  Associated 
Press  go  through  New  York  ! — A.  It  goes  directly  from  WashingtoD. 

Q.  Does  it  all  go  directly  from  Washington! — A.  All  directly  from 
Washington. 

Q.  To  the  Western  Associated  Press  f — A.  Yes;  less  is  sent  West,  of 
course,  on  account  of  the  greater  scoi>e  of  the  country,  and  because  the 
papers  have  less  space  to  occupy,  than  is  sent  to  New  York. 

Q.  News  that  goes  from  here  is  handled  by  one  i)erson,  I  suppose,  is  it 
not  f  That  is,  one  x)er8on  decides  what  shall  be  sent  to  the  Western 
Associated  Press  t — A.  Yes. 

Q.  He  has  absolute  power  to  send  anything  he  pleases  t — A.  Yes. 

Q.  Or  to  suppress  anything  he  pleases  f — A.  Yes. 

Q.  The  same  is  true  with  all  that  goes  from  the  New  York  office  f  In 
other  words,  there  is  what  you  might  call,  in  that  respect,  a  thorough 
censorship  of  the  news  that  is  furnished  to  the  country  f — A.  No ;  not 
in  the  sense  that  is  usual  of  the  word  censorship. 

The  Chairman.  I  do  not  use  it  in  any  offensive  sense. 

The  Witness.  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  censorship  t 

The  Chairman.  You  can  put  your  own  construction  on  it. 

The  Witness.  The  popular  construction  is  that,  it  is  the  exercise  of 
power  for  the  suppression  of  something. 

Q.  It  has  the  power  of  suppression,  has  it  not  t — A.  It  has  the  power 
of  suppression,  it  is  true,  but  the  sense  in  which  it  is  accepted  is  offen- 
sive. 

Q.  Does  it  not  in  fact  suppress  a  great  dealf — A.  It  does  not,  in  the 
sense  in  which  yon  ask  the  question.  This  is  the  method:  It  is  edit- 
ing, if  you  please,  just  as  a  communication,  or  an  editorial,  or  a  local 
item  is  re-edited  in  every  well  managed  newspaper  office.  This  is  re- 
edited  to  smt  the  wants  of  those  who  desire  to  use  the  report,  under 
general  rules.  Therefore,  if  we  send  to  New  York  2,000  or  5,000  words 
of  any  single  matter  from  Washington,  we  may  send  West  but  1,000 
words.  At  the  same  time,  however,  it  is  substantially  the  same  facts; 
onlj'  put  into  fewer  words.  There  is  no  suppression  of  fact,  simply  a 
«uppression  of  verbiage. 

Q.  The  editor  of  the  news,  as  you  would  call  him,  determines  the 
quality  as  well  as  the  quantity  of  news,  does  he  not  t  Does  he  not  ex- 
ercise complete  control  over  the  quality  as  well  as  the  quantity  t — A. 
He  has  precisely  the  same  power  that  an  editor  has. 

Q.  In  determining  what  shall  go  into  his  paper! — A.  Certainly. 

Q.  Therefore,  the  agent  of  the  Associated  Press  really  has  the  ijower 
to  iletermine  what  shall  go  into  every  newspaper  that  belongs  to  the 


TESTIMONY    OF    WILLIAM    HENRY    SMITH.  303 

uBsociaiioD,  has  he  not ! — A.  Under  certain  general  rules  and  general 
instructions,  wbicb  be  must  adhere  to. 

Q.  Those  instructions  are  given  b}^  the  Associated  Press! — A.  They 
are  given  by  the  newspapers. 

Q.  As  a  matter  of  tact,  does  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company 
exercise  any  influence  at  all  with  the  Associated  Press! — A.  !Not  a 
particle.    ISot  as  much  as  the  chairman  of  this  committee. 

Q.  Would  the  management  of  the  Associated  Press  feel  perfectly  at 
liberty  to  send  out  news  every  day  that  would  be  materially  damaging  to 
the  interests  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  ! — ^A.  It  sends 
whatever  is  news  with  regard  to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany just  the  same  as  it  would  in  regard  to  any  other  corporation  or  any 
other  business. 

Q.  Does  it  ever  send  anything  that  is  injurious  to  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  t — A.  It  has  done  so  repeatedly  and  constantly  for 
years. 

The  Chairman.  It  is  very  difficult  for  those  who  read  the  papers  to 
discover  it. 

The  Witness.  Those  who  handle  the  news  are  the  best  witnesses  of 
what  is  done  as  a  matter  of  fact,  not  those  who  have  suspicio|^s. 

The  Chairman.  We  had  the  president  of  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company  before  us  for  several  hours,  and  submitted  some  ques- 
tions to  him.  He  made  some  admissions  bearing  on  the  subject  which 
we  have  under  investigation,  which  seemed  tome  to  be  important  to  the 
country.  I  will  read  the  account  which  the  Western  Associated  Press 
gave  of  his  testimony  : 

Washington,  D.  C,  Februarjf2^, 

Dr.  Norvin  Green,  preeident  of  the  WcMteni  Union  Telegraph  Company,  appeared 
thin  afternoon  before  tbo  subcommittee  of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Post-Offices  and 
Pdftt-Roadtt.  He  j^ave  the  committee  a  large  amount  of  information  in  detail  respect- 
ing the  number  of  offices,  instruments,  milesof  wire  of  the  company,  its  expenses,  &,e. 
He  had  met  with  some  difficulty  in  securing  liberty  to  submit  the  Associated  Press  con- 
tract, but  in  view  of  the  misrepresentation  which  has  been  made,  the  Associated  Preea 
had  given  its  consent. 

Which  afterwards  he  refused  to  grant. 

No  terms  were  granted  to  the  Aaeociated  Press  papers  that  were  not  open  to  any 
other  papers. 

That  is  all  that  was  sent  to  the  West  in  regard  to  Dr.  Green's  te8- 
timony.    Is  it  a  fair  representation  of  Mr.  Green's  testimony  t 

The  Witness.  I  did  not  hear  his  testimony.  I  dare  say  it  is  a  very 
trnthfnl  representation  of  the  point  made  by  him. 

Q.  Woald  not  an  ordinary  reader  of  that  dispatch  infer  that  any 
newspaper  could  obtain  Associated  Press  news  at  the  same  rate  that 
any  other  paper  was  getting  it ! — A.  I  think  not. 

The  Chairman.  He  says : 

No  terms  were  granted  to  the  Associated  Press  papers  that  were  not  open  to  any 
other  papers. 

The  Witness.  That  is,  any  other  paper  not  an  Associated  Presa  pa- 
per, certainly.  He  does  not  mean  to  have  you  infer  that  news  of  the 
Associated  Pre«s  can  be  obtained  by  any  other  paper.  The  distinction 
between  news  reports  should  be  preserved. 

Q.  Two  or  three  days  ago,  in  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  there  was 
a  speech  made  on  the  subject  of  a  postal  telegraph,  which  was  regarded 
by  some  persons  as  a  very  able  si>eech.  I  am  told  it  was  the  main  feat- 
ure of  the  session  of  the  House  that  day.    No  mention  whatever  haa 

2159  CONG- 


304  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENBT   SMITH. 

been  made  of  it  b}'  the  Associated  Press.  I  have  flailed  to  find  it  in 
any  of  the  papers  ^hich  I  have  received.  Do  yon  think,  if  that  si»eeeh 
had  been  made  in  the  interest  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany no  notice  ^ould  have  been  taken  of  itt — A.  It  depends  ufion  the 
character  of  the  speech  whether  it  is  worth  printing  or  not.  Newspa- 
pers exercise  the  right  of  judgment  in  that  regard. 

Q.  Who  determines  whether  matter  is  worth  printing  or  not  t — A. 
The  newspapers. 

The  Chaibhan.  Oh,  no. 

The  Witness.  I  beg  your  pardon. 

The  Chairman.  The  person  who  makes  up  the  dispatches  for  the 
newspapers. 

The  Witness.  You  are  simply  assuming  that  none  was  furnished  be- 
cause you  do  not  find  it  in  any  paper  you  have  received. 

Q.  Do  you  believe  that  any  was  furnished  t — A.  I  do  not  know ;  I  can 
tell  from  examination. 

Q.  Do  you  believe  any  was  furnished  t 

The  Witness.  I  beg  your  pardon ;  I  do  not  like  to  answer  a  question 
twice  when  I  have  answered  it  in  good  faith. 

The  Cqaibman.  I  merely  ask  your  opinion  in  regard  to  that. 

The  TviTNESS.  I  have  no  opinion  about  it  until  I  examine  the  record. 
I  suppose  I  have  seen  the  speech  that  the  chairman  refers  to,  and  I 
must  say  that  a  greater  amount  of  misinformation  I  have  never  seen 
put  into  the  same  space.  No  well-regulated  newspaper  would  load 
down  it8  columns  with  matter  lacking  freshness  and  originality  simply 
because  uttered  by  a  man  in  public  lite. 

If  there  is  anybody  in  Congress  interested  in  having  that  published  they 
have  the  press  and  facilities  for  issuing  it,  but  a  newspaper  is  under 
no  obligation  to  print  it  if  it  is  not  of  interest,  if  it  is  not  original,  if  it 
does  not  contain  matter  of  public  concernment.  To  attempt  to  coerce 
a  newspaper  or  its  representative  to  give  it  publicity  is  exercising  cen- 
sorship, exercising  power  that  is  entirely  unwarranted. 

The  Chairman.  When  the  president  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  appeared  before  this  committee  in  the  last  days  of  January, 
at  his  own  request,  to  make  a  statement  in  regard  to  the  affairs  of  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  newspapers  in  the  most  remote 
portions  of  the  countiy  were  furnished  with  a  half-column  report  of. the 
statement  made  by  him  before  the  committee  at  that  time ;  while  a  speech 
on  the  same  subject,  but  on  the  other  side,  made  in  the  House  of  Eep- 
resentatives,  is  not  even  noticed. 

The  Witness.  If  the  person  who  made  the  speech  in  the  House  of 
Bepresentatives  had  sent  copies  of  his  speech  to  the  newspapers  and 
requested  its  publication,  I  dare  say  some  papers  would  have  published 
it  as  a  mere  personal  compliment  The  matter  that  you  refer  to  was 
doubtless  supplied  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  to  the 
newspapers,  and  they  published  it  on  the  same  principle — as  a  matter 
of  personal  compliment. 

The  Chairman.  Is  that  a  fact  t  The  Associated  Press  seem  to  think 
that  it  was  fair  and  proper  to  give  to  the  papers  of  the  country  a  half 
column  of  the  report  of  Mr.  Green's  statement  here,  but  to  make  no 
notice  whatever  of  the  speech  made  in  the  House  of  Representatives. 

The  Witness.  I  beg  your  pardon,  the  Associated  Press  did  not  send 
that  report  of  Dr.  Green's  statement  before  this  committee. 

The  Chairman.  I  have  found  it  in  five  or  six  different  papers  pub- 
lished in  Colorado  J  papers  that  Dr.  Green  has  never  heard  of. 

The  Witness.  C^ttairnVs  •,  1  iu&t  explained  how  that  was  done. 


TESTIMONY  OF  WILLIAM  HENRY  SMITH.       .  305 

The  Chairman.  Aud  ^hey  are  all  Associated  Press  papers. 

The  Witness.  Certaiuly. 

The  Chairman.  How  did  they  obtain  this  report  t 

The  Witness.  1  have  just  explained  that  it  was  supplied  by  Dr. 
Green  himself  to  the  newspapers,  and  such  of  them  as  chose,  published 
it  as  a  personal  compliment ;  and  I  said  also  that  if  the  gentleman  who 
made  the  8i)eech  had  taken  the  same  pains,  the  papers  would  have  done 
precisely  the  same  thing. 

The  Chairman.  Do  you  mean  to  say  that  the  report  was  not  sent  to 
them  by  the  Associated  Press  f 

The  Witness.  I  mean  to  say  that  the  machinery  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  extends  all  over  the  country,  and  a  thou- 
sand things  occur  that  Dr.  Green  does  not  know  anything  about,  and 
yet  an  emanation  from  Dr.  Green  might  be  received  and  published. 
The  mere  fact  that  he  never  heard  the  name  of  the  newspaper  would 
not  preclude  the  sending  of  a  report  of  his  speech  to  that  newspaper. 

The  Chairman.  Do  1  understand  you  to  say  that  this  report  of  Dr. 
Greenes  statement  before  this  committee  was  not  sent  through  the  As- 
sociated Press  f 

Tlie  Witness.  The  Associated  Press  sent  a  small  report  of  it.  Mr. 
McKee,  our  Washington  agent,  is  present,  and  he  can  testify  how  much 
he  sent  out. 

Tlie  Chairman.  When  I  find  a  dozen  papers  published  in  Colorado 
all  liaving  the  same  report,  word  for  word,  and  published  as  part  of 
their  press  news,  have  I  not  the  right  to  infer  that  it  went  through 
the  Associated  Press  f 

The  Witness.  You  might  infer  it. 

The  Chairman.  You  think  it  did  not  t 

The  Witness.  I  think  it  did  not.  I  think  it  was  supplied  by  the 
W^estern  Union  Telegraph  Company  and  is  not  charged  up  against  the 
Associated  Press.  1  shall  take  good  pains  to  see  tlrat  I  do  not  pay  the 
bill.  I  am  advised  by  Mr.  McKee  that  Mr.  Anderson's  speech  was 
made  at  the  close  of  a  long  day's  session  on  the  Naval  appropriation 
bill;  that  it  was  not  the  fenture  of  the  day;  and  this  very  pertinent 
comment  is  furnished,  which  I  shall  indorse,  that  this  argument  on  the 
postal  telegraph  bill  was  not  fresh ;  it  had  been  forestalled  by  Senator 
Bill's  own  speech,  of  which  we  sent  from  Washington  1,500  words. 

The  Chairman.  I  did  not  intend  to  allude  to  that,  but  as  you  have 
refer ried  to  it,  J  will  show  what  appeared  in  these  same  papers  that 
I  have  mentioned,  as  publishing  a  half  column  of  Dr.  Green's  speech. 
This  is  all  I  have  found  in  regard  to  that  speech  in  any  of  the  Western 
papers,  except  as  a  special  dispatch  : 

*'  Senator  Hill  spoke  on  tbe  postal  telegraph  bill." 

That  was  everything,  I  believe,  that  appeared  in  any  Western  paper, 
except  what  was  i)ald  lor  as  special. 

The  Witness.  That  was  probably  recondensed  somewhere. 

The  Chairman.  Verj-  much. 

The  Witness.  But  the  implication  that  there  was  any  desire  to  dis- 
criminate between  Dr.  Green  and  Senator  Hill  I  must  repel.  There  was 
no  such  i>urpose. 

The  Chairman.  It  has  been  forced  upon  my  notice  since  this  investi- 
gation has  commenceil,tliat  whatever  has  been  said  before  this  commit- 
tee favorable  to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  has  been 
sent  out  in  the  form  that  would  be  of  the  most  benefit  to  that  company, 
while  whatever  was  brought  out  which  would  have  a  tendency  to 
S.  Kep.  577,  pt.  2 20 


306  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENRY    SMITH. 

create  a  seDtiment  in  favor  of  a  postal  telegraph  has  either  been  sup- 
pressed entirely  or  barely  mentioned.  But  assuming  that  the  associa- 
tion is  willing  to  send  and  does  send  news  on  all  subjects,  iind  treats  all 
parties  alike,  it  has  it  in  its  power  to  suppress  anything  it  does  not 
want  to  send. 

The  Witness.  That  is  traversing  the  same  ground  that  we  went  over 
8ome  time  ago. 

The  Chairman.  That  is  the  main  point  in  the  issue.  It  is  not  so 
much  a  question  of  what  it  may  do  under  a  particular  management.  It 
may  be  in  the  hands  of  men  who  manage  it  wisely  and  impartially,  but 
to-morrow  it  may  be  in  the  hands  of  persons  who  would  abuse  it. 

The  Witness.  It  would  require  a  tremendous  revolution  that  would 
change  five  hundred  newspapers  in  twenty-lour  hours,  or  twenty -four 
years. 

The  Chairman.  It  would  only  have  to  change  the  mind  of  one  man, 
^o  far  as  I  can  see. 

The  Witness.  I  am  reminded  by  Mr.  McKee  that  we  sent  north, 
cast,  west,  and  south  much  more  of  Mr.  Hubbard's  argument  than  we 
did  of  Dr.  Green's. 

The  Chairman.  It  never  reached  the  papers  that  I  saw. 

The  Witness.  It  reached  all  of  the  papers.  The  question  of  publi- 
cation rests  with  the  papers  themselves. 

The  Chairman.  There  are  thirteen  pages  of  the  Congressional  Record 
giving  the  proceedings  of  the  House  on  the  day  on  which  Mr.  Anderson 
made  his  S|»eech,  and  nearly  seven  of  them  were  devoted  to  Mr.  Ander- 
son's speech. 

The  Witness.  Mr.  Chairman,  was  that  a  full  House  on  that  occasion  ? 
Was  much  ioterest  manifested  in  the  subject! 

The  Chairman.  I  do  not  know  whether  the  House  was  full  or  not, 
but  I  know  there  was  interest  manifested  in  the  speech. 

The  Witness.  It  certainly  is  very  extraordinary  that  the  matter 
escai>ed  tbe  notice  of  all  the  special  correspondents  here  who  represent 
«very  class  of  newspapers.  They  certainly  did  not  regard  the  speech 
Hs  a  matter  of  any  consequence.  I  am  very  sorry  to  have  been  coerced 
into  making  uni)ieasaut  remarks  about  anybody  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, but  the  responsibility  must  rest  with  the  chairman. 

The  Chairman.  And  you  are  really  of  opinion  that  if  a  speech  had 
been  made  of  the  same  character  as  Mr.  Anderson's,  but  on  tbe  other 
8ide  of  the  question,  the  Associated  Press  would  have  treated  it  the  same 
way  and  taken  no  notice  of  it  f 

The  Wi'j'NESS.  They  would  undoubtexlly  have  treated  it  precisely  in 
the  same  way.  The  Associated  Press  has  no  interest  in  this  matter,  as 
I  stated  before,  and  wlien  I  said  that  1  was  sincere. 

Senator  Jackson.  You  can  work  just  as  well  under  a  governmental 
system  as  under  a  private  system,  can  you  not! 

The  Witness.  So  far  as  the  handling  of  the  wires  is  concerned,  yes; 
it  does  not  make  any  difference  at  all  to  us. 

The  Chairman.  We  had  a  witness  before  us  yesterday  who  said  that 
they  had  been  trying  for  some  time  to  establish  a  paper  at  Marquette, 
Mich.,  and  that  he  made  arrangements  with  the  Western  Union  T«  le- 
graph  Company  to  furnish  news.  Finally,  before  the  engagement  was 
completed,  he  was  informed  by  the  agent  of  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany that  he  would  have  to  make  some  arrangement  with  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  to  fuxm^ii  \\\^  w^^%..  T\\^^  Uad  offered  him  a  rate  of  430  a 
week  with  llie  uudev^law^xw^  XXv^X.  \^^  ^^s*'  v^  VsziJ*.^  \cv^  \tfK^^  iv^m  the 
Associated  Press •,  \ie  mtoiva^  Wi^m  Xi*^  ^\^  \i^\»  ^^\sX» HSa^  ^^»RF»a^^ 


TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM    HENRY    SMITH.  307 

Press  news,  that  he  wanted  to  take  the  news  from  the  United  Press. 
They  then  informed  him  that  he  could  have  it  for  $105  a  week.  His 
dealings  were  entirely  with  the  agent  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company.     Is  this  a  correct  statement! 

The  Witness.  I  know  that  it  is  not  true,  and  I  am  very  glad  the 
Senator  has  brought  that  up,  because  I  read  the  extraordinary  state- 
ment last  night  before  going  to  bed.  That  newspaper  proprietor  last 
spring  applied  to  me  at  (Chicago  for  the  Associated  Press  news  report^ 
and  it  w«is  agreed  that  he  should  have  it.  He  then  went  to  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company  to  make  arrangements  for  telegraph 
tolls.  The  telegraph  company  never  undertook  to  sell  him  the  news; 
they  had  no  right  to  do  it.  As  I  said,  he  first  made  his  arrangement, 
orattempte«l  to  make  his  arrangement  wirh  me.  He  did  make  it,  ami 
for  a  very  low  rate.  He  was  very  anxious  to  get  it ;  he  wanted  it  ex- 
clusively, and  lie  was  obliged  in  every  way  possible.  That  arrangement 
was  for  the  delivery  of  three  thousand  five  hundred  words  Associated 
Press  reports  from  Milwaukee,  as  a  drop  on  a  circuit,  for  the  low  price 
<jf  $30  a  week. 

Q.  How  could  it  be  a  drop!  It  was  far  beyond  the  point  where  any 
other  i)arty  was  served  i — A.  That  does  not  make  any  ditt'erence;  they 
are  calle<l  drops  all  the  same.  If  tbere  are  ten  places  served,  there 
would  be  only  one  transmission  and  nine  drops. 

Q,  Was  there  any  other  pai>er  served  between  Milwaukee  and  Mar- 
quette ? — A.  The  first  paper  ^aking  the  rejmrt  would  pay  the  transmis- 
sion rate,  and  the  others  would  pay  the  drops ;  this  being  the  last  paper^ 
would  be  counted  a  droj). 

Q.  Is  there  any  other  paper  between  Milwaukee  and  the  place  to 
which  this  news  was  to  be  sentT — A.  Oshkosh. 

Q.  Was  it  aj)))  ying  for  the  privilege  of  being  served! — A.  That  is 
one  of  the  old  i>oints;  it  has  been  served  for  years. 

Q.  In  sending  news  from  Milwaukee  to  Marquette,  you  call  Mar- 
quette a  drop? — A.  Certainly;  because  it  is  ])art  of  a  circuit;  part  of  a 
news  system;  it  is  not  an  original  service;  it  would  only  require  one 
additional  oiierator,  and  that  would  be  at  Marquette.  The  same  oi)er- 
ator  that  would  send  to  Oshkosh,  Madison,  and  other  points,  would  send 
also  to  Marquette  by  the  same  manipulation  of  the  instrument,  and  the 
same  wire  would  be  used.  Therefore  it  is  a  very  cheap  service.  Subse- 
quently, he  thought  he  would  like  to  get  a  special  report.  After  hear- 
ing that  extraordinhry  statement  about  the  telegraph  officials,  1  tele- 
graphed to  know  whether  or  not  they  had  refused  to  transmit  the  United 
Press  report,  as  was  stated,  and  to'know  just  the  character  of  the  sen- 
ice.  I  will  take  the  privilege  of  reading  the  replies  that  have  reached 
me  this  morning.  The  first  is  from  the  general  superintendent  at 
Chicago: 

The  Western  Uniou  Telegraph  Ootnpany  ofl'ered  to  drop  the  Western  Asi^ooiateil 
Press  report  from  Milwaukee  to  the  Minii'g  Journal  at  Marquette  at  $^.0  a  w«m  k. 
ThiH  report  is,  as  you  are  aware,  being  transmitted  to  nearly  all  the  prominent  point  m 
in  the  northwest  territory,  and  this  service  would  b«  what  is  called  a  drop.  Tho 
Mining  Journal  afterwards  asked  for  a  separate  and  distinct  report  to  Ik)  transmittril 
from  Chicago  to  Marquette,  under  what  is  known  as  our  "sjiecial"  arrangement,  and 
a  rate  was  given  that  paper  of  $105  per  week.  As  you  are  aware,  this  is  a  very  l«»w 
special  rate,  being  about  one-half  cent  per  word  for  the  amount  request etl,  thirty-livo 
hundred  words  per  day.  The  regular  Associated  Press  reports  are  served  at  low 
rates,  as  the  largo  combination  of  newspapers  receiving  them  enables  the  telegrapli 
company  to  transmit  them  with  much  less  expense  than  special  or  sep:«rate  reporin^ 
There  was  no  discrimination. 

R.  C.  CLOWRV, 

General  SHpeiintmident. 


308  TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM   HENRY    SMITH. 

I  also  received  this  from  the  superintendent  of  Press  for  the  Western 
Union,  Mr.  Somerrille,  at  New  York : 

Ah  I  uDderstand  it,  the  rate  Clowry  offered  Swineford  was  for  **  drop '-  of  Associated 
Pri'ss  report  which  goes  from  Milwaukee.  I  was  asked  for  a  rat'O  for  transmission  of 
thirty-five  hundred  words  per  day,  special  report  from  Chicago,  and  fixed  the  rate  at 
ludf  cent  ])er  word,  although  the  regular  special  rate  is  three-quarters  of  a  cent.  The 
expense  of  handling  special  asked  for  was  estimated  hy  superintendent  of  that  district 
at  $30  to  |35  per  week.  The  United  Press  report  doesn't  go  oeyond  Chicago  in  direction 
of  Marquette.  I  telegraphed  Clowry  only  yesterday  asking  him  if  we  could  afford  to 
offer  the  paper  lower  rate.     I  did  this  at  J?nillps*s  request,  who  was  in  to  see  me. 

SOMERVILLE. 

I  also  received  a  second  dispatch  from  him  on  the  same  sabject,  as 
follows : 

You  can  see  that  service  asked  for  at  Marquette  would  require  special  wire  from 
Chicago  to  Marquette  and  two  operators  at  cost  of  at  least  |15  per  week  at  each  place, 
while  I  suppose  the  regular  service  could  have  gone  there  when  it  went  to  other  places 
at  expense  of  $15  per  operator  at  Marquette.  We  are  charging  the  Chicago  papers 
three-fourths  of  cent  per  word  on  specials  from  Marquette,  while  we  offered  to  carry 
his  at  half  cent,  on  account  of  a  stipulated  service.  It's  in  order  for  the  Chicago  pa- 
pers to  appear  hefore  committee  with  complaint  now. 

SOMERVILLE. 

That  is  the  truth  of  the  matter,  Mr.  Chairman. 

The  Chairman.  It  does  not  coincide  with  the  testimony  given  by 
the  witnesses,  whom  1  believe  to  be  intelligent  and  x)erfectly  credible. 

The  Witness.  It  is  easy  for  the  committee  to  summon  these  witnesses 
and  call  for  the  records,  and  test  the  question  whether  the  truth  has 
been  stated  here  or  not.  I  stated  the  fact  that  the  associate  of  the  wit- 
ness who  was  on  the  stand  yesterday  applied  to  me  early  last  year  for 
this  news,  and  it  was  offered  to  him  at  a  very  low  rate. 

Q.  As  you  have  read  this  testimony,  I  will  ask  you  whether  you  read 
that  given  by  Mr.  Brezee,  of  the  Detroit  Evening  Journal  f — A.  I  re- 
ferred to  that;  yes;  and  showed  the  falsity  of  it.  Mr.  Gruesel,  of  the 
Detroit  Free  Press,  is  present,  and  he  will  confirm  what  I  stated  as  to 
the  rate  paid. 

Q.  You  stated  as  to  the  rate  which  the  other  papers  paid  t — A.  Yes. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Brezee  did  not  make  a  statement  as  to  what  the 
other  papers  paid. 

The  Witness.  Shall  I  read  the  testimony  that  I  have  here  ! 

The  Chairman.  I  have  his  testimony  before  me. 

The  Witness.  I  made  my  statement  on  a  transcript  of  short-hand 
notes. 

The  Chairman.  He  says : 

If  we  got  11,000  words  a  day,  that  would  be  $110.  If  an  Associated  Frees  paper  got 
that  many  words,  they  would  bo  charged  for  about  10,000  words  Associated  Press  re- 
port and  about  1,000  words  special. 

Then  he  goes  on  to  show  what  that  would  cost. 

The  Witness.  How  does  he  know  whit  it  would  cost  t 

The  Chairman.  He  claimed  to  know. 

The  Witness.  He  does  not  know,  and  I  showed  to  you  that  he  does 
not  know,  and  you  have  the  contract  before  you  to  show  that  he  does 
not. 

The  Chairman.  It  has  been  stated  several  times  before  this  com- 
Imittee  that  the  rates  to  most  of  the  newspapers  in  the  country,  in  the 
larger  places,  amounted  to  6J  cents  per  hundred  words.  Mr.  Green, 
president  of  the  Weatexii  Uuiou  Telegraph  Company,  made  that  state- 
ment here. 

The  Witness.  ThatAi^s^  gto^x^oxxxo^  %.\\VN\^\>^^si>;j^^\»>^^^>^'i^^ 


k 


TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM    HENicY    SMITH.  309 

Mr.  Somerville,  of  the  Western  Union,  to  show  what  an  enormous 
amount  of  business  was  done  for  the  press.  The  misconception  was  due 
to  a  want  of  information  as  to  the  method  of  handling  the  news.  Fop 
instance,  in  his  statement  he  says  that— 

The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  delivered  605,474,452  words  of  regular  As- 
sociated Prcbs  matter,  at  an  average  mte  to  each  paper  served  of  7^  cents  per  hun- 
dred words,  and  delivered  55,726,47d  words  of  special  press  matter  to  individual 
newspapers,  at  an  average  rate  of  1.31  cents  per  word. 

That  is  the  statement  of  Mr.  Somerville,  to  which  Mr.  Green  referred* 
The  amount  actually  transmitted  for  the  Associated  Press  was  not  over 
20,000,000  words,  while  this  gives  it  as  605,474,452  words.  That  result 
is  reached  by  multiplying:  the  amount  of  the  matter  by  all  the  papers 
receiving  it.  That  is  absurd.  If  you  send  16,000  words  on  a  circuit, 
it  is  only  16,000  words.  If  you  multiply  it  by  the  number  of  papers  on 
the  circuit  that  does  not  increase  the  number  of  words. 

Senator  Jackson.  That  multiplication  is  made  to  bring  down  the 
average  t 

The  Witness.  That  is  what  was  done.  The  contract  says  that  the 
rate  was  $2.50  per  hundred  words. 

The  Chairman.  This  witness  sta.ted  facts  as  to  his  inability  to  get 
any  telegraphic  news  at  less  rat«  than  he  is  paying,  which  is  several 
times  what  it  costs  the  other  papers  published  in  the  same  town. 

The  Witness.  I  say  that  that  is  not  tnie,  and  I  offer  to  prove  it. 

The  Chairman.  How  does  he  obtain  the  news  messages  t 

The  Witness.  He  was  to  pay,  according  to  his  statement,  $110  a 
week,  and  I  have  just  shown  to  you  that  the  Free  Press  has  paid  $109 
a  week  for  years. 

The  Chairman.  For  the  same  number  of  words  t 

The  Witness.  For  the  same  amount  of  news.  I  cannot  tell  you 
about  the  number  of  words.  I  am  telling  you  about  the  service  as 
stilted  by  him. 

The  Chairman.  He  received  nothing  but  special  dispatches  t 

The  Witness.  That  may  be. 

The  Chairman.  Can  he  receive  any  others. 

The  Witness.  He  may  or  he  may  not  get  the  United  Press  reports. 
1  see  that  there  is  some  reference  to  it  in  the  testimony  that  I  reviewed 
to-day. 

The  Chairman.  We  have  not  had  an  opportunity  to  examine  the  con- 
tracts, and  would  like  to  do  so  before  closing  your  testimony.  I  should 
like  to  have  the  members  of  the  subcommittee  present  when  the  exami- 
nation is  completed.  Are  your  engagements  such  that  you  can  be  here 
on  Monday  next! 

The  Witness.  No,  I  must  return  to-morrow.    I  will  come  again,  and 
if  the  chairman,  after  he  has  examined  the  contracts,  thinks  that  he 
wants  further  information  I  shall  be  very  happy  to  place  myself  at  his 
service.    And  I  should  like  if  the  committee  would  send  a  subpoena  to 
some  of  the  gentlemen  connected  with  the  management,  and  who  are 
proprietors  ot  Associated  Press  newspapers,     it  would  seem  from  this 
extraordinary  testimony  that  was  obtained  here  yesterday,  and  to  which 
I  have  referred  in  severe  terms,  that  there  has  been  ati  eliort  ma<ie,  on 
the  part  of  somebody  who  is  interested  outside,  to  convey  the  impres- 
sion that  there  is  an  effort  to  be  oppressive  on  the  part  of  the  Associated 
Press.    I  have  spoken  to  that  point  to-day.    1  ^\\o\3\^  \n^n^\^  ^*iv.^\^ 
Kichard  Smith,  of  Cincinnati,  who  is  one  oIl  XAi^  o\v^\\\^\  \sv^\s:^i«^\^^* 
Dana,  of  the  New  York  Sun,  who  is  in  t\li^  Aiwvway^v^wwxxX  %'^^'^-^^'^'^^^a. 
Rdd,  and  Mr.  Dnvid  Stoim  of  the  ::!^ew  Yovk  X^^v>M\A\viv\  V\^^^^^^^^^^ 


310  TESTIMONY    OF    WILLIAM   llENIiY    SMITH. 

be  summoned.  These  are  gentlemen  who  have  been  connected  with  the 
business  always,  and  whose  testimony  may  be  valuable  to  the  commit- 
tee, perhaps  quite  as  valuable  as  tbat  of  these  outsiders.  I  would  like 
to  ask  tbe  chairman  one  question ;  whether  or  not  the  contract  sub- 
mitted by  Dr.  Green  is  made  a  part  of  the  record  of  this  committee. 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

The  Witness.  Then  I  will  withdraw  my  request  of  delay  with  re^rard 
to  the  contracts  which  are  referred  to  in  that  general  contract,  and  take 
the  responsibility  of  saying  to  the  committee  that  they  are  at  liberty 
to  make  the  same  use  of  them  a«  of  the  contract  submitted  by  Dr.  Greeu. 

The  Chairman.  Can  you  meet  the  committee  at  half  past  4  o'clock  to- 
day ? 

The  Witness.  Certainly  ;  1  will  take  pleasure  in  doing  so. 

Thereupon  the  committee  took  a  recess  from  2  o'clock  to  -^.30  p.  m.^ 
after  which  the  examination  of  the  witness  was  resumed,  as  follows: 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  state  to  the  committee  when  the  contract 
between  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  and  the  New  York 
Associated  Press  and  Western  Associated  Press  terminates. 

The  Witness.  You  mean  that  contract  you  received  from  Dr.  Green  t 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

The  Witness.  It  terminates  in  1893,  ten  years  hence. 

The  Chairman.  This  contract  is  made  for  ten  years,  but  with  the  pro- 
vision that  either  party  may  terminate  it  at  the  close  of  any  year  by 
giving  six  months'  notice  f 

The  Witness.  Yes. 

The  Chairman.  The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  then,  by 
giving  you  six  months*  notice,  can  terminate  this  contract  at  the  end  of 
any  year  ! 

The  Witness.  Yes,  any  time  after  last  January,  by  giving  six  months' 
notice. 

The  Chairman.  I  understand  you  to  say  that  the  Associate<l  Press 
do  not  defer  at  all  to  the  wishes  or  opinion  of  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company  in  regard  to  any  matter  that  may  be  sent  over  the  wirest 

The  Witness.  That  is  correct. 

Q.  How  many  papers  receive  their  news  through  the  Associated 
Press  ? — A.  I  think  about  five  hundred. 

Q.  That  is,  that  belong  to  the  various  local  press  associations  which 
f^t  their  news  from  the  Associated  Press  ? — A.  Yes.  Mr.  McKee  says 
he  thinks  there  are  nearer  six  hundred ;  probably  six  hundred,  then. 
I  have  not  counted  them  for  several  years. 

Q.  A  question  arose  this  morning  in  regard  to  the  distribution  of 
telegraphic  news  in  the  State  of  Michigan.  Do  you  know  what  papers 
belong  to  the  local  association  there  ? 

The  Witness.  In  the  State  of  Michigan! 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

A.  Y^es;  1  can  name  them  all,  I  think. 

Q.  What  is  the  title  of  their  association  t — A.  They  have  but  recently 
formed  an  organization,  and  that  is  merely  for  their  own  local  conven- 
ience in  the  collection  of  local  news.  They  have  always  been  served 
by  the  Associated  1  'ress  directly,  without  reference  to  any  association : 
there  is  no  contract  with  them  as  an  association  at  all ;  they  are  all  served 
individually  under  the  general  understanding.  There  is  no  written 
contract  with  them  m  ^imVA^^ax^ 


TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM    HENRY   SMITH.  311 

Q.  Do  you  know  howraany  papers  published  in  Michigan  receive 
Associated  Press  news  ? — A.  Ten,  I  believe,  is  the  number. 

Q.  I  take  this  State  simply  as  an  example.  Can  any  other  paper 
published  in  the  State  of  Michigan  get  your  news  without  the  consent 
of  those  ten! — A.  Certainly.  We  had  agreed  to  furnish  n  report  to 
this  paper  at  Marquette,  and  those  other  papers  were  not  consulted  in 
regard  to  that. 

Q.  Can  other  papers  get  the  news  at  the  same  rate  that  these  ten 
l)ay  f — A.  Certainly ;  if  they  are  on  the  same  circuit,  if  the  wires  run  so 
that  they  can  be  served.  The  difficulty  on  the  peninsula  is,  that  the 
wires  that  serve  Saginaw,  Bay  City,  and  so  forth,  do  not  run  to  the  pen- 
insula, but  that  part  of  the  State  is  reached  by  wires  through  Wiscon- 
sin that  were  originally  built  up  into  that  country  by  what  was  known 
as  the  Northwestern  Telegraph  Company,  which  was  bought  by  the 
Western  Union  some  two  or  three  years  ago. 

Q.  Can  the  Detroit  Evening  Journal  get  reports  at  the  same  rates  as 
the  morning  papers  t 

The  WiTNKSS.  That  is  in  Detroit. 

The  Chairman.  My  question  applied  to  the  whole  State. 

The  Witness.  I  think  I  said  "You  n^ean  outside  of  Detroit!^  And 
I  Hssumed  that  you  assented  to  that.  I  was  speaking  of  cities  outside 
of  Detroit.  In  the  city  of  Detroit  it  is  a  different  thing.  The  Evening 
Journal  cannot  get  news  there  without  the  consent  of  the  Free  Press 
and  the  Post  and  Tribune;  if  they  should  object  to  taking  in  the  Jour- 
nsil  as  a  partner,  of  course,  that  settles  it. 

Q.  Outside  of  the  city  of  Detroit,  then,  in  the  State  of  Michigan,  any 
newspaper  can  obtain  your  news  at  the  same  rate  that  is  paid  by  the 
Associated  Press  papers  f — A.  I  do  not  mean  to  say  that  a  newspaper 
at  East  Saginaw,  for  instance,  would  be  given  dispatches  without  the 
consent  of  those  papers  there;  while  there  is  no  contract  to  that  effect, 
it  is  a  matter  of  justice  to  those  papers  that  have  spent  a  large  amount 
of  money  in  establishing  themselves  that  they  should  l)e  consulted. 
There  are  three  papers  there  in  a  small  city,  which  are  quite  enough 
to  supply  every  want  of  the  community;  but  if  some  newspaper  man 
were  to  come  along  and  think  that  he  was  commissioned  by  the  Almighty 
to  run  a  paper,  he  would  probably  be  required  to  consult  with  the  other 
newspapers  there ;  that  would  be  the  same  X)rinciple  as  applies  to  any 
other  business. 

Q.  The  New  York  Associated  Press  is  composed  of  seven  papers! — 
A.  Seven  papers  in  New  York.  The  other  papers  in  New  York  obtain 
their  reiK)rt8  by  agreement  of  these  seven  papers.  The  seven  papers 
you  are  familiar  with,  I  presume. 

The  Chairman.  I  know  them.  Suppose  one  man  should  get  control 
of  the  majority  of  stock  in  these  seven  papers,  would  he  not  have  it  in 
his  power  to  control  the  news  that  is  furnished  to  all  the  other  papers 
publishe<l ! 

The  Witness.  If  he  was  the  owner  of  the  organization,  it  would  be 
his  property  and  he  would  have  control. 

Q.  Suppose  that  should  happen,  and  that  man  should  desire  for  any 
reason  to  affect  the  market,  would  he  not  have  it  in  his  i>ower  to  do 
so  f — A.  Not  through  the  Associated  Press  machinery ;  no,  sir. 

Q.  He  owns  and  controls  it ! — A.  I  beg  your  pardon ;  he  controls  New 
York  City ;  he  does  not  control  outside. 

Q.  Could  he  not  influence  the  agent  as  to  the  news  seift  to  the  coun- 
try t — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Something  was  said  about  the  agreemeiit  ot  VVis^  \»;:^\^  nrWOsv  nj^jX 


\ 


312  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENEY    SMITH. 

their  news  through  the  Association  not  to  publish  any  Dews  obtained 
through  auy  lival  association.  Has  the  Associated  Press  ever  enforced 
that  rule! — ^A.  Oh,  yes. 

Q.  Have  they  ever  warned  newspapers  that  they  must  confine  them- 
Helves  entirely  to  news  furnished  by  the  Associated  Press  f — A.  They 
Lave  called  the  attention  of  newspapers  to  the  rule. 

Q.  Have  they  ever  given  them  notice  that  they  would  be  cut  oflf  if 
they  did  not  comply  with  the  rule  t — A.  No,  sir. 

Q.  Never! — A.  No,  sir;  not  within  my  knowledge.  It  is  supposed 
to  be  sufficient  to  call  the  attention  of  an  interested  paper  to  the  rule  in 
its  own  interest.  Sometimes,  you  know,  newspapers  change  proprietors, 
and  the  new  man  may  not  understand  his  telegraphic  interest — his  own 
proprietary  intei'est.  He  may  not  even  knew  the  value  of  his  own  prop- 
erty in  that  regard,  but,  after  he  studies  it,  doubtless  will  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  rule  is  a  very  wise  one. 

The  Chairman.  The  agent  of  the  Associated  Press  would  probably 
know  better  than  the  proprietor  of  the  newspaper. 

The  Witness.  No,  sir;  that  is  an  unfair  rem^urk.  That  is  determined 
by  a  board  of  directors  of  the  association,  who  are  newspaper  proprie- 
tors, and  who  are  appointed  for  the  specific  purpose  of  protecting  the 
interests  of  the  association.    It  is  not  determined  by  any  agent. 

Q.  Then  the  board  is  supposed  to  know  better  than  tlie  proprietor  of 
the  paper  himself! — A.  The  board  is  suiiposed  to  know  what  the  history 
of  the  association  is  and  what  the  rules  are  much  better  than  a  person 
who  has  not  given  any  attention  to  it,  who  has  not  studied  it. 

Q.  Suppose  some  newspaper  {proprietor,  notwithstanding  that  was 
the  opinion  of  the  board,  should  come  to  the  conclusion  that  he  would 
like  to  have  the  news  from  some  other  association,  and  he  was  advised, 
as  you  suggest,  that  he  could  not  do  it,  but  should  persist  in  doing  it. — 
A.  If  that  proprietor  prefers  some  other  news  he  has  a  perfect  liberty 
to  take  it. 

Q.  Would  he  be  allowed  to  take  your  news  and  that  of  another  asso- 
ciation also  f — A.  No,  sir ;  certainly  not. 

Q.  Suppose  he  should  persist,  what  would  be  done  f — A.  According 
to  the  rule  he  ought  to  be  put  out.  A  case  of  that  kind  has  never  oc- 
curred. There  is  hardly  a  comp<arison  as  to  value  between  the  authentic 
news  of  the  Associated  Press  with  that  which  is  prepared  for  the  mere 
entertaiument  of  the  masses  of  the  people.  That  lacks  that  quality  of 
authenticity  that  is  essential  to  newspapers.  The  United  Press,  lo 
which  you  refer,  has  frequently  sent  copies  of  its  news  to  members  of 
the  Associated  Press  without  charge,  desiring  them,  to  publish  for  a 
week  and  see  how  thej^  liked  it.  They  have  done  so  and  been  allowetl 
to  do  so.  They  have  even  paid  for  it,  and  been  allowed  to  pay  for  it. 
But  I  have  never  seen  one  yet  who  thought  the  report  was  worth  the 
money. 

Q.  You  have  never  heard  of  a  case  where  they  desisted  from  publish- 
ing such  matter  because  they  knew  that  they  could  not  remain  in  the 
association  unless  they  did  desist? — A.  The  law  is  very  clear.  There 
is  hardly  an  intelligent  gentleman  engaged  in  the  newspaper  busine^^ 
in  the  Associated  Press  who  would  not  see  the  utter  folly  of  conduct- 
ing business  in  that  way,  and  desist  from  it  voluntarily. 

Q.  W^hat  objection  have  you  to  allowing  the  proprietor  of  a  newspa- 
per to  publish  news  from  other  associations t — A.  The  objection  to  that 
is  that  it  brings  about  opportunities  for  the  surreptitious  obtainmeut  of 
news  by  persons  not  entitled  to  it,  and  the  value  of  the  news,  of  course, 
is  largely  iuipaVt^OiAj^'  \\i«i\»  vs>^v<^\\.wv\\\^  *  "^^^  \M>sla.uce^  supxio^e  a  pai»er 


TESTIMONY    OF    WJLLIAM    HLNRY    SMITH.  313 

iD  Philadelphia  gave  such  opportunity  to  a  representative  of  the  United 
Press,  who  obtains  the  news  from  slips,  or  in  any  other  way,  from  em- 
ployes of  that  paper,  and  should  telegraph  that  east  to  Boston,  as  has 
been  done,  or  west  to  Chicago,  as  has  been  done,  that  would  be  an  in- 
justice to  other  partners  in  the  association,  or,  rather,  to  other  asso- 
ciates, which  is  the  better  term.  It  is  hardly  honest  for  one  partner  to 
work  an  injury  to  another  partner,  simply  because  he  happens  to  be  in 
another  city. 

The  Chairman.  I  have  assumed  that  the  proprietor  of  a  certain 
newspaper  received  Associated  Press  news,  paying  theregular  price  for 
it,  and  my  question  is,  what  objection  is  there  to  allowing  him  to  buy 
additional  news  Irom  some  other  association  ? 

The  Witness.  I  have  stated  the  strongest  objection.  The  strongest 
objection  is  that  it  brings  about  opportunities  for  the  stealing  of  Asso- 
ciated Press  news. 

The  Chairman.  I  do  not  see  how  it  produces  that  result. 

The  Witness.  If  you  were  familiar  with  the  working  of  it  you  would 
see.  Hence  safeguards  are  thrown  around,  and  one  of  them  is  this 
rule  I  speak  of,  which  is  a  simple  matter  of  business,  in  which  the  own- 
ers of  the  property  are  interested  and  which  they  have  unanimously 
adopted. 

Q.  Why  would  the  proprietor  of  a  newspaper  who  gets  his  news  from 
your  association  in  the  regular  way  be  any  more  likely  to  do  anything 
in  any  way  to  your  detriment  if  he  received  news  also  from  another  as- 
sociation ! — A.  I  do  not  say  that  the  proprietor  would,  but  I  said  the 
employes  might. 

Q.  How  would  the  employes  have  any  opportunity  which  they  would 
not  have  in  case  they  did  not  take  the  news  from  some  other  source? — 
A.  If  you  understood  how  the  business  is  handled  you  would  see  how 
an  outside  person  having  access  constantly  to  the  editorial  rooms  would 
be  able  to  get  hold  of  this  news.  It  is  i)erl*ectly  practicable,  but  it  wo«dd 
be  understood,  of  course,  only  by  professional  men. 

The  Chairman.  Assume  now,  that  any  newspaper  proprietor  is  a 
member  of  a  press  association  and  is  entitled  to  the  news  from  the  As- 
sociated Press,  and  receives  it  and  pays  the  regular  rates  for  it,  he  de- 
sires to  supplemen*^^  that  by  news  from  some  other  association ;  you» 
have  said  that  it  would  be  contrary  to  the  rule  to  allow  him  to  get  his 
news  from  a  rival  association,  and  I  have  asked  you  why  you  would 
refuse  to  allow  him  that  privilege. 

The  Witness.  I  have  stated  one  reason,  and  another  reason  is  this: 
ifyon  use  your  money  to  build  up  an  opposition  association  you  are 
injuring  your  own  property;  that  is  a  plain  business  proposition 

The  Chairman.  The  objection  then  is  to  the  publication  of  two  dif- 
ferent rei)orrs  in  the  same  pai)erf 

The  Witness.  No,  sir;  that  is  not  the  only  way.  If  you  assist  to 
build  up  an  opposition  paper  in  another  city  where  there  is  an  ass4)ciate, 
to  the  injury  of  the  associate,  that  is  acting  in  bad  faith,  and  there  is 
no  business  in  the  world  that  could  be  conducted  on  any  such  principle. 
I  am  sure  j^ou  would  not  with  any  person  with  whom  you  might  be  as- 
sociated. 

The  Chairman.  You  made  a  remark  this  morning  that  in  certain 
places  where  they  might  desire  to  start  another  paper  and  were  unable 
to  get  into  the  asso<;iation,  and  for  that  reason  unable  to  obtain  the  A>- 
sociated  Press  news,  the  Associated  Press  was  right,  because  there  were 
sufficient  papers  published  already  for  the  needs  of  the  place.  I  would 
like  to  know  how  far  the  AssociatCvl  Press  exercises  a  d\sjw:ft,l\»\!w  xv^x*^- 


314  TESTIMONY    OP   WILLIAM   HENBY    SMITH. 

gard  to  such  matters,  or  proposes  to  determine  for  the  people  how  many 
papers  oaght  to  be  published  in  a  certain  place. 

The  Witness.  That  would  require  taking  up  each  place  in  detail. 
The  general  principle  is  enough. 

The  Chairman.  You  might  say  it  was  not  for  the  interest  of  a  certain 
place  that  any  more  newspapers  should  be  published. 

The  Witness.  Not  any  more  than  they  can  sustain  and  pay  their  ex- 
penses. I  instanced  Denver,  which  has  four  newspapers.  If  there  is 
any  good  ground  for  a  fifth  1  do  not  know  iL  I  doubt  if  the  citizens 
of  Denver  think  there  is.  If  they  do,  we  have  not  heard  of  it.  Very 
likely  some  printer  or  some  politician  thinks  there  ought  to  be  a  news- 
paper for  a  special  purpose,  but  I  doubt  if  the  public  interests  demand 
anything  of  the  kind. 

Q.  You  would  say  in  such  a  case  as  that  "We  do  not  think  you  need 
another  paper,  and  therefore  we  won't  give  you  the  news." — A.  Yesj  I 
think  that  would  be  a  sound  answer. 

Q.  It  has  been  brought  out  sufficiently  clearly  that  no  newspaper  in 
u  place  where  there  is  an  Associated  Press  jiaper  published  can  be 
started  with  the  privilege  of  obtaining  news  from  the  Associated  Press, 
without  the  consent  of  the  Associated  Press  paper. — A.  I  think  that  is 
a  sound  business  proposition.  There  maybe  exceptions;  there  have 
been  exceptions;  there  may  be  again;  but  as  a  general  rule,  that  is  a 
lu-etty  sound  one  in  business. 

Q.  Can  any  rival  press  association  exist  or  succeed  without  using  the 
Western  Union  Company's  lines? — A.  Why,  yes.  The  United  Press 
has  a  very  excellent  service  by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  to  a  good  many 
points.  The  wires  are  good  and  the  service  is  good.  They  have  leased 
a  wire,  ami  there  is  no  limit  to  the  amount  of  news  that  they  may  get 
over  that  wire. 

Q.  Sup])Ose  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Company  should  consolidate  with 
the  Western  Union,  where  would  the  new  organization  then  bet — A. 
They  would  be  just  where  they  are  now ;  they  would  have  the  same  fa- 
cilities and  the  same  rates.    Their  contract  for  wires  would  continue. 

Q.  It  would  be  optional  with  the  telegraph  company  whether  it  would 
or  not,  would  it  not  f — A.  Not  at  all.  The  telegraph  comi)any  has  never 
taken  that  advantage.  There  have  been  two  consolidations  that  you 
know  of,  and  the  opposition  press  has  always  been  taken  care  of.  Now 
that  you  refer  to  that  I  will  mention  a  discrimination  against  the  Asso- 
ciated Press  made  within  a  few  months  by  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company.  That  comj)any  has  leased  a  wire  to  a  newspaper  pub- 
lished at  Nashville,  for  $5,000  a  year,  which  enables  that  newspa|)er  to 
get  the  United  Press  rejioit  and  any  amount  of  s[)ecial  news  for  the  sum 
of  $5,000,  the  wire  ininning  from  Louisville,  where  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  wires  come,  down  to  Nashville.  Now  we  pay  for  the  Nashville 
American  there  $7,000.    There  is  a  discrimination  of  $2,000  against  us. 

Q.  Who  pays  the  $5,000! — A.  It  is  paid  by  this  new  newspaper. 

Q.  Paid  by  a  single  paper! — A.  By  a  single  paper  to  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  for  the  lease  of  a  wire,  while  the  paper  that 
has  no  leased  wire,  but  is  served  by  the  Asso<;iated  Press,  pays  $7,000. 
That  comes  within  the  contract  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany. That  shows  that  the  Western  Union  does  not  always  help  the 
Associated  Press. 

Q.  Do  you  think  any  other  press  association  could  now  start  business 
and  succeed  by  the  use  of  the  Western  Union  Company's  lines!— A. 
Yes;  that  proposition  was  made  by  a  gentleman  in  New  York  within 
two  months^  and  \ift  cowswWjwi  \s\^  ^ViwsxW. 


TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM    HENRY   SMITH  315 

Q.  I  would  like  to  know  how  it  could  l>e  done.  Ah  an  example,  take 
the  city  of  Chicago ;  how  many  papers  are  published  there  that  get  the 
Associated  Press  news  ! — ^A.  Six  papers. 

Q.  Could  any  person  afford  to  publish  a  paper  tliere  and  pay  for  its 
news  six  times  as  much  as  each  of  those  pa])ers  pays  f — A.  Probably  not. 

Q.  But  a  new  press  association,  if  they  had  one  paper  in  Chicago, 
would  have  to  charge  six  times  as  much  for  the  news  as  each  of  six 
papers  pays  f — A.  If  they  got  the  same  service,  certainly ;  that  would 
be  right.    The. telegraph  company  should  not  discriminate. 

Q.  Does  not  that  principle  exclude  practically  any  association  from 
going  into  the  business  on  a  sufUci^'ut  scale  to  make  it  successful ! — A. 
The  same  rule  obtains  there  as  in  all  other  business ;  it  is  a  question  of 
capital.  If  six  partners  choose  to  divide  a  business  among  themselves 
they  have  a  right  to  do  it ;  of  course  they  share  the  cost. 

The  Chairman.  Assuming  that  that  is  right,  how  can  any  new  asso- 
ciation, relying  upon  the  use  of  the  Western  Union  wires  and  paying 
the  same  rate  as  the  Associated  Press,  make  their  business  successful  t 

The  Witness.  By  doing  a  distinct  kind  of  business.  This  gentleman 
felt  certain  that  he  could  build  up  a  very  handsome  business,  and  I  have 
no  doubt  of  it. 

Q.  What  particular  kind  of  business  was  it  t — A.  Press  business. 

Q.  To  furnish  the  news  generally  f — A.  Yes ;  but  to  furnish  it  in  a 
different  form,  omitting  somewhat  of  what  is  called  the  routine,  which 
the  Associated  Press  finds  it  necessary  to  transmit  in  the  interest  of  the 
commercial  communities.    That  is  an  extensive  business. 

Q.  You  mean  to  say  by  that  that  you  furnish  a  great  deal  more  new» 
than  is  necessary  lor  some  purposes,  and  that  another  association  couid 
do  a  better  business  by  furnishing  u  great  deal  less  t — A.  A  great  deal 
more  than  would  be  necessary  to  a  different  kind  of  paper.  We  have 
established  a  certain  business,  and  papers  have  been  established  by 
means  of  the  Associated  Press  furnishing  important  market  reports  and 
other  commercial  news.  The  Associated  Press  pays  a  good  deal  of  at- 
tention to  that  class  of  news  for  papers  in  cities  like  Cincinnati  and 
Chicago. 

Q.  You  give  that  class  of  news  because  people  want  it  t — A.  Cer- 
tainly, in  response  to  a  public  demand.  There  are  other  people  who  do 
not  care  for  that  class  of  news  and  are  ready  to  take  a  paper  that  con- 
tains none  of  it.    You  will  find  that  class  in  every  targe  city. 

Q.  Suppose  some  person  should  wish  to  establish  a  newspaper  in 
Chicago,  and  should  want  to  supply  his  patrons  with  the  same  kind  of 
news  that  is  furnished  to  the  other  six  papers,  is  there  any  way  in  which 
he  can  do  itf — A.  By  having  plenty  of  money  he  can  do  it. 

Q.  That  is,  be  would  have  to  pay  six  times  as  much  a«  each  of  the 
other  pai)ers  I — A.  He  would  have  to  pay  the  same  rate  precisely  for 
the  same  service  as  the  other  papers  pay  jointly.  If  he  got  10,000  words 
and  the  other  papers  got  10,000  words  he  would  pay  for  his  10,000  pre- 
cisely the  same  as  the  other  papers  would  pay. 

The  Chairman.  It  would  not  be  a  very  remunerative  business  to  pub- 
lish a  new  newspaper  in  Chicago  which  could  not  get  its  telegraphic 
news  from  the  Associated  Press. 

The  Witness.  Is  there  any  great  outcry  for  another  paper  in  Chi- 
cagof 

The  Chairman.  I  am  not  interested  in  that  question ;  I  am  not  in- 
quiring into  that;  I  am  inquiring  only  into  the  facilities  for  obtaining 
telegraphic  news. 


31 G  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM    HENRY    SMITH. 

The  Witness.  You  are  putting  up  a  man  of  straw  and  asking  me  to 
knock  liim  down. 

The  Chaikman.  I  am  asking  you  about  the  facilities  for  obtaining 
telegraphic  news. 

The  Witness.  I  do  not  see  that  this  is  a  matter  that  concerns  the 
public,  or  the  representatives  of  the  people;  it  is  a  matter  that  regu- 
lates itself. 

The  Chairman.  Practically  it  regulates  itself  by  limiting  all  tele- 
graphic news  to  one  source. 

The  Witness.  Not  at  all. 

The  Chairman.  Is  not  that  the  practical  result  of  it  f 

The  Witness.  We  have  seen  how  a  paper  was  built  up  in  Boston 
successfully,  without  Associated  Press  news.  I  refer  to  the  Boston 
Globe.  It  must  have  had  some  capital  and  some  brains,  or  it  would  not 
have  succeeded. 

The  Chairman.  Did  not  its  news  cost  a  great  deal  more  than  the 
other  papers  in  Boston  paid  t 

The  Witness.  It  probably  did  for  a  time,  but  does  not  now.  They 
have  a  leased  wire,  and  get  everything  at  a  very  low  rate.  As  far  as 
New  York  news  is  concerned,  and  news  from  Washington  and  other 
l>lijces,  they  get  it  about  as  cheap  as  the  Associated  Press  papers  there. 
They  are  served  by  the  United  Press,  which  furnishes  a  very  good  report 
of  Washington  news. 

Q.  Mr.  Phillips,  manager  of  the  United  Press,  stated  before  the  com- 
mittee that  it  would  be  impossible  for  his  organization  to  exist  without 
the  aid  and  use  of  the  op])osition  lines;  he  is  substantially  rigJit  in  that, 
is  he  not  I — A.  No,  sir;  his  papers  were  doing  just  a«  well  before  when 
they  were  served  by  the  Western  Union. 

Q.  Has  he  as  many  papers  as  the  Associated  Press  t — A.  Oh,  no; 
there  are  a  good  many  very  small  papers  served  by  that  association 
and  there  are  a  few  large  and  substantial  papers. 

Q.  The  rates  nnist  be  very  much  higher  to  those  papers,  are  they 
not  f — A.  I  do  not  think  the^^  pay  any  more.  They  are  saved  a  very 
large  amount,  so  far  as  the  collection  of  news  is  concerned ;  there  is 
very  little  expense  for  that.  You  must  recollect  that  the  Associated 
Press  covers  the  face  of  the  world.    It  pays  very  high  rates. 


APPENDIX. 

COHTRACT  BETWEEN  THE  WESTERN  UNION  TELEGRAPH  COHPANT 

AND  THE  ASSOCIATED  PRESS. 

Entered  into  December  22,  1882.  '        '  '^  '^n. 

[Copy  famished  by  Norvin  Green,  PrcBidcnt  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.    See  page  2 

of  his  testimony.  ] 

This  agreement,  made  and  entered  into  tliis  twenty-second  day  of  December,  1882, 
by  and  between  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  a  corporation  duly  incorpo- 
rated nnder  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  party  of  the  first  part,  hereinafter  desig- 
nated as  the  Telegraph  Company,  and  Charles  A.  Dana,  Whitelaw  Reid,  and  James 
Gordon  Bennett,  representing  the  New  York  Associated  Press,  and  Richard  Smith  and 
Walter  N.  Haldenian,  repret-eutiug  the  Western  Associated  Press,  parties  of  the  sec- 
ond part,  hereinafter  designated  as  the  Press  Associations,  witnesseth : 

That  whereas  the  Press  Associations  are  engaged  in  the  business  of  collecting  and 
selling  to  newspapers,  for  publication,  commercial  news  and  other  reports  of  a  general 
and  miscellaneous  character,  and  the  Telegraph  Company  is  engaged,  among  other 
things,  in  the  business  of  reporting,  supplying  and  selling  financial  and  commercial 
news,  market  and  other  reports,  and  quotations  of  a  miscellaneous  character  to  indi- 
viduals, clubs,  Ijoards  of  trade,  exchanges,  and  other  organizations,  for  their  own  use 
and  the  use  of  their  members,  but  not  for  newspaper  publication : 

Now,  therefore,  the  parties  hereto  have  for  their  own  mutual  benefit  and  conven- 
ience agreed  upon  this  contract,  which  shall  be  obligatory  upon  the  party  of  the  first 
part,  the  Western  Union  Teliegraph  Company,  its  successors  and  assigns,  and  the  party 
of  the  second  part,  the  New  York  Associated  Press  and  the  Western  Associated  Press, 
jointly  and  severally  represented  by  the  parties  aforesaid. 

First.  The  Telegraph  Company  agrees  to  transmit  over  its  lines,  in  the  order  in  which 
they  and  the  other  messsages  delivered  to  said  company  may  be  received,  all  messages 
which  the  Press  Associations,  their  agents,  and  employes  may  file  with  the  Telegraph 
Company  for  transmission  ;  and  if  the  Telegi-aph  Company  shall  be  unable,  from  any 
cause,  to  send  such  messages  over  its  own  lines,  then  the  Press  Associations  shall  be  at 
liberty  to  send  such  messages  over  any  other  available  line,  so  long  as  such  inability 
of  the  Telegraph  Company  exists. 

Second.  The  Telegraph  Company  further  agrees  that  it  will  not,  during  the  x)eriod 
of  time  hereinafter  fixed  for  the  duration  of  this  contract,  sell,  give  away,  or  bulletin 
news,  nor  become  pecuniarily  interested  or  knowingly  permit  any  of  its  employes  to 
be  employed  by,  or  in  any  way  to  be  interested  in,  any  association  or  arrangement, 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  competing,  or  which  may  compete,  with  the  Press  Associa- 
tions in  their  arrangements  for  the  reporting  and  sale  of  foreign  and  domestic  news, 
but  nothing  in  this  stipulation  shall  be  construed  to  iuterfere  with  the  collection  and 
sale  of  commercial  and  financial  news  by  the  gold  and  stock  department  of  the  Tele- 
graph Company;  or  with  the  reporting  of  disasters  or  events  of  great  public  interest 
from  points  where  the  Press  Associations  may  have  no  reporter.  Such  reports,  how- 
ever, shall  not  be  bulletined,  but  shall  bo  sold  to  the  Press  Associations  or  to  some  mem- 
ber thereof.  The  Telegraph  Company  shall  have  the  privilege  of  collecting  and  sell- 
ing such  sporting  news,  election  news,  and  marine  news,  as  it  now  collects,  and  which 
the  Press  Associations  do  not  gather,  jmd  which  reports  the  Press  Associations  or  mem- 
bers thereof  shall  have  the  right  to  purchase  of  the  Telegraph  Company. 

Third.  The  Telegraph  Company  further  agrees  that  it  will  not  permit  its  employes  to 
act  as  agents  or  representatives  of  any  news  association  or  other  organization  in  com- 

317 


318  TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM   HENRY    SMITH. 

petition  with  the  Pre«8  Associations,  either  for  the  collection  of  money  or  for  any 
other  adniiuistrHtive  business. 

Fourth.  The  Press  Associations,  in  consideration  of  the  rates  hereinafter  (granted,  for 
themselves  and  all  their  customers,  hereby  agree  to  employ  exclusively,  during  the 
time  fixed  for  the  duration  of  this  contract,  the  Telegraph  Company  to  transmit  to  and 
from  all  offices  or  stations  between  which  the  telegraph  lines  now  or  hereafter  to  be 
owned  or  controlled  by  it  may  extend,  all  news  reports  and  all  telegraphic  messages 
which  may  relate  to  the  news  or  business  and  affairs  of  the  Press  Associations,  and 
«nder  no  pretext  whatever  to  divert  therefrom  such  news  reports  and  messages  or  the 
matter  therein  contained,  or  permit  the  same  to  be  so  diverted,  except  in  case  of  the 
Telegraph  Conrpauj  's  inability  to  transmit  the  same. 

Fitth.  The  Telegraph  Company  agi'ees  to  charge,  and  the  Press  Associations  agree  to 
pay,  during  the  continuance  of  this  agreement,  the  following  rates  of  toll  on  news 
reports  to  be  transmitted  by  the  Telegraph  Company  for  the  Press  Associations,  to 
wit* 

First  class.  All  matter  filed  between  the  hours  of  6  a.  m.  and  6  p,  m.,  local  time, 
having  but  one  address,  and  directed  by  any  agent  of  either  of  the  associations  rep- 
resented by  the  parties  of  the  second  part,  to  any  other  one  agent  of  said  associations, 
ahall  be  charged  at  two-thirds  of  the  commercial  day  rate  between  such  points.  No 
message  shall  be  rated  as  containing  less  than  ten  (10)  words. 

Second  class.  All  matter  filed  between  the  hours  of  6  p.  m  and  6  a.  m.,  local  time, 
having  l»ut  one  address,  and  directed  by  any  agent  of  either  of  the  associations  rep- 
resented by  the  parties  of  the  second  part,  to  any  other  one  agent  of  said  associations, 
shall  bo  charged  at  one-third  of  the  commercial  day  rate  between  such  points,  the 
minimum  charges  not  to  be  less  than  one-half  of  one  cent  per  word.  No  message  shall 
bo  rated  as  containing  leas  than  ten  (10)  words. 

Third  class.  For  all  messages  outward  from  New  York  or  any  distributing  agency 
of  the  Press  Associations  for  the  first  'iOO  miles  or  less,  on  a  circuit,  one-half  (^)  of  one 
cent  per  word,  between  6  a.  ni.  and  6  p.  m.,  and  one-quarter  {})  of  one  cent  per  wonl 
between  6  p.  m.  and  G  a.  m.,  and  for  each  drop  on  the  circuit,  in  addition  to  the  price 
of  transmission,  one-eighth  (i)  of  one  cent  per  word  ;  and  for  any  distance  over  :^ 
miles,  one-sixteenth  (-j^^)  of  one  cent  per  word  for  each  additional  100  miles  or  frac- 
tion tbereot  for  the  transmission,  and  one-eighth  of  a  cent  for  each  drop. 

Each  newspaper  belonging  to  the  Press  Associationsor  a  customer  of  said  press  asso- 
ciations shall  have  the  right  to  send  s]>ecials  lor  publication  in  one  paper  only  be- 
tween C)  a.  m.  and  6  p.  ni.  at  one-half  (^),and  between  G  p.  m.  and  6  a.  m.  at  one-fourth 
{i)  of  the  Telegraph  Company's  day  rates  on  commercial  messages,  provided  that  such 
uewspa|)er  shall  fultill  the  conditions  of  this  agreement  by  giving  all  its  business  to 
the  Telegraph  Company ;  and  in  case  any  paper  shall  not  accept  these  conditions  the 
Telegraph  Company  shall  have  the  right  to  charge  such  paper  for  specials  as  it 
luay  deem  proper,  nut  exceeding  rei^ular  commercial  rates.  The  Telegraph  Company 
iiudertakos  to  transmit  all  news  reports  and  messages  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  press 
associations;  bur  to  further  show  its  goo<l-will  and  desire  to  servo  the  newspaper 
press,  offers,  for  the  benefit  of  the  New  York  Associated  Press,  the  following  alterna- 
tive proposition: 

The  Telegraph  Company  further  agrees  to  lease  for  the  use  of  the  parties  of  the  sec- 
ond part,  lor  the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars  ($15,000)  per  annum,  to  be  paid  in 
equal  monthly  installments,  a  wire  from  Chicago  to  New  York,  with  stations  at  Cin- 
cinnati and  Pittsburgh  (that  at  Pittsburgh  to  be  operated  by  the  Telegraph  Company), 
the  said  wire  to  be  used  from  five  o'clock  p.  m.  until  ^'  good-night "  is  receivi  d  for  the 
morning  papers,  under  such  general  conditions  as  now  govern  the  ase  of  the  leased 
wire  from  Washington  to  New  York. 

The  Telegraph  Company  further  agrees  to  furnish,  during  the  sessions  of  the  legisla- 
ture, for  the  use  of  the  parties  of  the  secoud  part  iu  the  trausmissiou  of  their  news 
business  only,  a  special  telegraph  wire  between  New  York  City  and  Albany,  the  par- 
ties of  the  second  part  agreeing  to  pay  to  the  Telegraph  Company  its  regular  press 
rates  for  all  matt-er  transmitted  over  said  wire,  and  the  salaries  of  the  operators  en- 
gaged in  working  the  same.  The  parties  of  the  second  part  agree  to  furnish  correct 
utatements  of  all  matter  sent  over  said  wire,  and  the  Telegraph  Company  shall  have 
access  to  said  wire  at  all  times. 

Sixth.  The  Telegraph  Company  futher  agreea  that  it  will  not  offer  to  any  associa- 
tion, person,  or  organization  gathering  and  selling  news  in  competition  with  the  Press 
Associations,  any  more  favorable  rates  than  those  hereinbefoi-e  stipulateil  in  this 
contract,  nor  transact  business  for  such  competitor  under  more  favorable  conditions 
than  are  herein  provided  for  said  Press  Associations;  provided  that  nothing  herein 
contained  shall  prohibit  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  from  making  special 
rates  to  members  of  the  Press  Associations  on  dispatches  to  be  nsed  exclusively  in 
individual  papers.  The  Telegraph  Company  also  agrees  Ihat  in  cai>e  it  shall  servo 
4kny  other  associations  dning  business  in  competition  with  the  preas  a8S««ciations  or 
members  thereof,  paitiea  hereto,  at  rates  lower  than  these  herein  provided,  the  Proes 


TESTIMONY   OF    WILLIAM   HENRY   SMITH.  319 

Associations  sball  be  entitled  to  tbe  eauie  reduction ;  and  the  Telegraph  Company 
will  give  to  the  Press  Associations  or  their  agents  at  points  where  such  agents  may 
he  located,  lacilitieM  equal  to  tbe  facilities  given  other  customers  Af  the  Telegraph 
Company  for  ascertaining  any  changes  in  its  commercial  tariff  rates,  or  in  the  rates 
given  under  any  special  contracts  with  other  news  associations. 

S<-veuth.  The  Press  Associations  will  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract  de- 
liver to  the  Teleg!ai)li  Company  a  copy  of  all  such  news  reports  and  market  quotations 
as  have  heretofore  been  furnished  to  the  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company,  or 
which  tbe  Press  Associations  may  be  ))ossessed  of  in  the  city  of  New  York,  for  tbo 
Fame  uses  and  purposes  for  which  such  news  reports  and  quotations  have  bert^tolore 
been  furnisbir  <1,  for  which  the  Telegraph  C«  mpany  agrees  to  pay  the  Press  Association  h 
the  sum  of  twenty  four  tbousan<l  dollars  per  annum,  to  be  paid  in  monthly  install- 
ments of  two  thousand  d<  liars  tjich,  and  the  Telegraph  Company  hereby  agrees  to  con- 
tinue to  receive  and  pay  for  such  news  reports  and  marker  quotations  on  the  terras 
herein  stii>uiated,  the  Press  Associaticuis  agreeing  not  to  furnish  any  such  commercial 
news,  reports,  or  market  quotations,  to  any  other  party,  parties,  or  association  except 
for  newspaper  ]>ublication.  It  is  understood  and  agret-d  that,  should  the  cable  rates 
on  such  i.ews  reports  and  n*arket  quotations  be  reduced,  tbe  aforementioned  charge  to 
the  Telegraph  Company  of  twenty-four  thousand  dollars  per  annum  therefor  shall  be 
pro])ortionately  reduced. 

Eighth.  An<i  tbe  Telegraph  Company  further  agrees  that  the  sum  charged  each 
l>aper'in  the  State  of  Texas,  and  eacu  paper  receiving  associated  press  report  in  tb« 
Sta'e  of  Ct»lorado  and  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  for  tbe  month  of  November,  lb82, 
shall  continue  to  be  tbe  rate  for  such  tervice,  and  that  for  a  like  or  less  service  at 
other  points  in  such  States  and  Territories  tbe  division  of  the  receipts  shall  be  in  tbe 
proportion  <»f  four- tilths  (*)  for  telegraph  tolls  and  one-tiftb  (i)  for  use  of  tbe  news. 

Ninth.  And  the  Telegraph  Com]>any  further  a«i:rees  to  transmit  a  news  report  from 
Chicago,  KansHs  City,  Omaha,  or  Denver  to  San  Francisco  for  the  use  of  the  papers  of 
that  city  at  present  receiving  news  through  the  agencv  of  the  Press  Associations,  and 
for  use  by  an  agent  or  agents  of  the  joint  committee  in  supplying  all  other  cities  of 
the  States  and  Territories  of  the  Pacific  slope  with  news  reports  at  tbe  rates  specitieil 
in  a  schedule  hereunto  annexed  and  marked  Exhibit  A. 

On  all  reports  sold  by  the  Telegraph  Company  with  the  consent  of  the  Western 
Associated  Press  at  interior  points,  as  at  present,  twenty  per  cent,  of  receipts  shall  be 
paid  to  the  said  association. 

Tenth.  This  contract  shall  continue  in  force  for  the  term  of  ten  (10)  years  from  the 
first  (1st)  day  of  January,  1883;  provided,  however,  that  after  the  expiration  of  the 
tirst  year  either  party  hereto  may  terminate  this  agreement  at  the  close  of  any  suc- 
ceeding year,  after  having  given  at  least  six  (6)  mouths'  written  notice  of  an  inten- 
tion so  to  do. 

Eleventh.  A  violation  by  one  party  of  the  stipulations  of  this  agreement  shall  not 
be  claimed  or  taken  by  the  other  party  as  a  cause  for  the  rescission  thereof.  The  Tel- 
egra)>h  Company  hereby  reserves  to  itself  the  right  to  fulfill  its  obligations  to  tbe  New 
England^  New  York  State,  Northwestern,  Kansas  Missouri,  and  Trans-Mississippi 
Press  Associations;  the  Call,  Union,  and  Bulletin  Companies,  and  Charles  Do  Young 
Sl  Co.,  of  San  Francisco,  under  existing  contracts;  and  to  modify,  renews  and  extend 
sach  contracts;  provided  that  no  more  favorable  terms  or  conditions  shall  be  given 
by  the  Telegrapn  Company  to  any  Press  Association,  after  the  expiration  of  the  Tele- 
graph Compan>'s  existing  contracts,  than  are  herein  provided  to  be  given  by  tbe  Tele- 
graph Company  to  tbe  Press  Associations,  except  with  their  consent,  or  unless  a  like 
rate  l>e  given  to  the  associations  represented  by  the  parties  of  the  second  part. 

Twelfth.  Nothing  in  the  stipulations  above  sc^t  forth  shall  be  construed  to  alter  or 
amend  the  original  and  supplementary  contracts  entered  into  between  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  and  the  Western  Associated  Press,  dated  January  II,  I867» 
March  I,  IHW,  June  7,  1871,  and  September  21, 1H7H,  resi»ectively,  and  now  in  force. 

Thirteenth.  No  action  at  law  shall  l)e  instituted  by  either  party  to  recover  damages 
for  any  violation  of  this  agreement;  but  the  questions  of  such  violation,  and  of  tbe 
dama^ics  resulting  therefrom,  shall  be  submitted  to  the  arbitrament  of  three  arbitra- 
tors, one  to  be  chosen  by  eacu  party,  and  the  third  l»y  the  two  so  chosen,  and  their 
decision  and  award,  or  that  of  a  majority  of  them,  shall  be  fiual,  and  may  be  entered 
and  enforced  as  a  ju(!gment  of  a  couil  having  juris4liction  of  the  parties  and  of  the 
subject-matter,  wherever  there  is  a  statute  law  authorizing  such  entry  and  enforce- 
ment of  such  award. 

In  consideration  whereof  tbe  said  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  has  caused 
daplkates  hereof  to  be  sealed  with  its  seal  and  to  be  E^igned  by  its  proper  (tfficers, 
they  being  thereunto  empowered  by  a  resolution  of  said  company,  duly  passed,  antl 
the  joint  committee  a foresai<l,  representing  the  New  York  Associated  Press  and  the 
Western  Associated  Press,  they  being  thereunto  empowered  by  resolutions  of  said 
Press  Associations,  duly  passed,  have  severally  signed  and  sealed  tbe  name  dnplicateni 


1 


! 


320  TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENRY    SMITH. 

and  tbe  said  daplicatea  are  iDtercliangeably  delivered  at  the  city  of  New  York  on  the 
day  and  year  first  above  written. 
[seal.]  *  The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company, 

By  JOHN  VAN  HORNE, 

Vict-Rrendent, 
A.  R.  Brewer, 

SeertUnry, 

The  New  York  Assoclated  Press, 
By  CIIA8.  A.  DANA. 
WHITELAW  REID, 

Joint  Commttee, 

The  Western  Assoclated  Press, 
By  RICHARD  SMITH. 
W.  N.  HALDEMAN, 

Joint  Committee^ 


Exhibit  A. 

Schedule  of  rates  to  be  charged  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  noder 
the  foregoing  agreement  of  December  22nd,  1882: 

To  San  Francisco,  for  messages  sent  between  0  a.  m.  and  6  p.  m.  ontward  from  Chi- 
cago, one  and  thirteen-sixteenths  cents  (1+J)  per  word ;  from  New  York  City  two  and 
three-eigbthS' cents  (2|)  per  word. 

To  San  Francisco,  for  messages  sent  between  6  p.  m.  and  G  a.  m.  ontward  from  Chi- 
cago, one  and  nine-sixteenths  (l-i%)  cents  per  word ;  from  New  York  City,  two  and  one- 
eijjhth  (2i)  cents  per  word. 

For  dropping  said  matter  at  points  intermediate  between  San  Francisco  and  Omaha, 
Nebr.,  one-eighth  (i)  of  one  cent  per  word. 

For  messages  outward  from  San  Francisco  to  other  points  in  the  States  and  Terri- 
tories of  tbe  Pacific  coast,  for  the  first  three  hnndred  (300)  miles  or  less,  on  a  circuit, 
one-half  (i)  of  one  cent  per  word  between  6  a.  m.  and  6  p.  m.,  and  one-qnarter  (i)  of 
one  cent  per  word  between  6  p.  m.  and  6  a.  m.,  and  for  each  drop  on  the  circuit  in 
addition  to  the  price  of  transmission,  one-eighth  (i)  of  one  cent  per  word,  and  foraDV 
distance  over  three  hundred  miles  one-sixteenth  (i^)  of  one  cent  per  word  for  each 
additional  one  hnndred  miles  or  fraction  thereof  for  the  transmission,  and  one-eighth 
(^)  of  one  cent  for  each  drop. 


I  have  compared  the  foregoing  contract  with  the  original  contract  on  lile  in  this 
office,  and  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  true  and  correct  copv. 
[seal.]  a.  R.  BREWER, 

Secretary  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company, 


CONTRACT   BETWEEN  THE  WESTERN  UNION   TELEGRAPH  COM- 
PANT  AND  THE  WESTERN  ASSOCIATED  PRESS. 

Entered  into  January  11.  1867. 

[Copy  famished  by  Wm.  Henry  Smith,  General  Manager  of  tbe  Associated  Presa.] 

Memorandum  of  agreement  made  this  eleventh  day  of  Januarj',  A.  D.  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty-seven,  between  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  and  the  Western 
Associated  Press. 

The  Telegraph  Company  agree  to  transmit  for  said  Associated  Press,  daily  (except 
Sundays),  when  its  lines  are  in  working  order,  a  morning  report  of  five  hundred  (5W)) 
words,  and  a  noon  report  of  three  hundred  (3(X))  words,  both  from  the  city  of  Buffalo, 
and  a  night  report  of  tliree  thousand  five  hundred  (:<,5<i0)  words  from  New  York  to 
the  following  places,  viz:  Pittsburg,  Ciucinuati,  Indianapolis.  Louisville,  St.  Louis, 
Chicago,  Detroit,  Toledo,  Clevolaiid,  and  Milwaukee;  also  from  Cle\-«lan<l  fifteen 
hundred  (^l,5V)0')\s'Ot<\^<^\ivi\Vi^v^\s'A^^^''^'*'^^^'<^  re  ports)  to  eachof  the  following  places,  viz: 


TESTIMONY   OF   WILLIAM   HENRY   SMITH.  52 1 

Wheeling,  ZaDeaville,  Colombiis,  Dayton,  Madi0OD,Ind.,  New  Albany,  and  Sandusky^ 
Also  reports  of  local  news  from  one  or  more  of  the  abore-namea  Western  cities^ 
amonnting  in  the  aggregate  to  two  thoasand  02,000)  words,  all  of  which,  except  what 
is  known  as  *'  River  News,''  to  be  transmitted  to  each  of  the  class  of  Western  cities 
first  named,  and  the  river  news  to  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  Louisville,  and  St.  Louis 
only. 

The  Western  Associated  Press  agree  to  pay  the  treasurer  of  said  Telegraph  Company 
for  the  above  services  sixty  thousand  dollars  per  year,  in  equal  monthly  installments- 
of  five  thousand  dollars  each,  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  January,  1867. 

If  more  than  an  agopregate  of  six  thousand  (6,000)  words  per  day  is  transmitted^ 
averaged  at  the  end  of  each  month  (excluding  Sundays),  the  excess  is  to  be  paid  for 
at  the  same  rate  as  above,  and  if  the  noon  report  from  Buffalo  exceeds  three  hundred 
(30U)  words  per  day,  the  excess  is  to  be  paid  for  at  regular  press  rates. 

And  said  Associated  Press  agrees  that  during  the  continuance  of  this  agreement 
they  and  their  agents,  and  all  parties  fumisheid  by  them  with  news  for  publica- 
'^  1  tion,  and  the  agents  of  such  paities,  shall  employ  the  said  Telegraph  Company 
S  I  exclusively  to  transmit  to  and  from  all  places  reached  by  its  lines,  all  teleffraphio 
^     messages  relating  to  the  news  or  newspapers  business,  and  that  they  will  not  in 
any  way  encourage  or  support  any  opposition  or  competing  telegraph  company. 


I 


And  said  Associated  Press  afcree  that  they  and  their  asents  and  employ^,  and  aU 
parties  furnished  by  them  with  news  for  publication,  ana  their  agents  and  employ^, 
will  not  at  any  time  sell  or  in  any  way  oispose  of,  tor  private  use  or  otherwisei  any 
commercial  news  or  market  reports  or  quotations,  or  use  the  same  in  any  manner  ex- 
cept for  publication  in  their  newspapers. 

And  the  Telegraph  Company  agrees  that  it  will  not  sell  or  be  interested  in  selling 
for  private  use  witnin  the  territory  of  said  Associated  Press  any  news  except  strictly 
commercial  news  or  market  reports  and  quotations,  and  agrees  to  confine  its  business 
strictly  to  such  reports  and  quotations  within  said  territory. 

And  the  Telegraph  Company  will  not  transmit  news  to  or  for  any  rival  news  associa- 
tion on  more  favorable  terms  than  above  stated,  and  will  not  send  said  Associated 
Press  news  report  to  any  other  place  than  above  stated  within  the  territory  of  said 
Western  Associated  Press  without  their  consent. 

And  said  Associated  Press  agree  that  they  will  not  at  any  time  impose  any  restric- 
tions on  their  members  or  on  any  other  party  to  whom  they  furnish  news  for  pubUca- 
tion  in  reeard  to  special  news  reports,  and  that  each  ediall  be  at  liberty  to  procure  any 
such  special  reports  free  from  any  control  of  said  Associated  Press. 

*  After  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Smith  bad  been  oonclnded  before  the  committee  he  wms  reqneeted  to 
fbmisb  evidence  of  the  abrogation  of  the  paraicraph  designated  by  him  on  the  margin  of  the  contract 
of  1867  as  haying  been  abrogated  by  the  contracting  panies,  and  he  presented  the  following  note  in 
response  to  said  request : 

KoTB  BT  Wm.  Hjuibt  SiOTH,  Gkhkbal  Makaokr  of  thb  AsaociAraD  Pans. 

The  above  daase  was  abrogated  in  1878  at  a  Joint  meeting  of  the  execntive  committee  of  the  Western 
Associated  Press  and  the  prMident  and  general  saperintendent  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com* 
pany,  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  Present.  Richard  Smith,  Horace  White,  and  Wm.  Henry  Smitn.  repr^ 
senting  the  A.ssociated  Press;  and  William  Orton  and  Oen.  Anson  Stager,  representing  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company.  The  proposition  was  made  by  Mr.  Orton,  and  accepted  by  Mr.  Richard 
Smith  and  Mr.  white.  Since  the  above  testimony  was  taken  I  have  received  from  one  of  the  gentla- 
men  named  the  following  telegram,  which  I  beg  leave  to  make  a  part  of  this  note.    It  is  as  follows : 

Wm.  H.  Smith:  CracnwATi,  Ohio,  Mareh  17. 

The  ezclosive  daose  in  contract  of  18S7  never  was  enforced,  and  it  iras  sabseqoently  abrogated  by 
mutual  consent.  The  present  contract  leaves  every  member  of  the  association  nee  to  use  any  line  be 
chooses  for  special  dispatches,  but  by  giving  all  business  to  one  line  he  can  secure  better  rates.  But 
the  same  offer  is  open  to  all,  whether  members  of  the  Associated  Press  or  not  The  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  offered  lower  rates  than  could  be  obtained  from  the  Western  Union,  on  condition  of  all  the  busi- 
ness, and  it  would  have  been  accepted  by  many,  if  not  nearly  all,  if  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  lines 
covered  the  territory.  In  point  of  fact,  we  lease  a  wire  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  between  Waahlng* 
ton  and  Cincinnati  The  Western  Associated  Press  have  no  relations  to  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  that  are  exclnslTe  or  that  do  not  rest  on  strictly  business  basis.  

8.  Rep.  577,  pt.  2 ^21  «icaAia>  smith. 


822 


TESTIMONY    OF   WILLIAM   HENBY   SMITH. 


TbU  agreement  to  eontiiine  in  foree  two  years  from  the  first  day  of  Jaooary.  1867, 
aad  Uiereafter  until  tenmnated  by  aix  montha'  notice  of  either  party  to  the  other. 

It  it  nndenlood  Uiat  a  portioo  of  the  Saturday  night  report  will  be  transBiittediNi 
Sunday  nigbt  to  aecommodate  morning  papers. 

WESTKRir  Union  Txleoraph  Company, 
By  HIRAM  8IBLET,  Admg  PretidemL 

THX  WE8TEBH  AiSeOCIATKD  PbX86, 

ByM.  HALSTED, 

0/  ike  Board  of  Mrtetan  amd  Exmmtnt  CemM<lee. 

Bzecotad  bj  order  of  board  of  directors  at  CloTelMid  this  24th  day  of  January,  A 
D.1897. 

H.  N.  WALKER, 
PretidmU  Wmtem  A990ckiioi  Frmt. 


Suj^UmmUU  emUrad  wUh  Wmtem  Umiofn  Telegraph  Company,  adopted  at  PUt$bmr§,  1971 

It  is  agreed  by  and  between  the  Western  Union  Teleeraph  Compaoy  and  the  Western 
Associated  Press  that  said  Telegraph  Company  shall  transmit  the  fall  Western  Asso- 
ciated Press  reports  to  Nashville  and  Memphis,  Tennessee,  and  four  hundred  words 
per  day  from  Kentack^,  Tennessee,  and  Arkansas  (LonisYille,  Ky.,  not  embraced  in  this 
agreement),  to  be  delivered  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  and  in  consideration  of  said  serrioe, 
the  Western  Associated  Press  shall  pay  to  the  said  Telegraph  Company  the  snis  of 
fifteen  thousand  dollars  per  annnm,  in  monthly  instalments.  It  is  nnderstood  and 
agreed  that  should  there  be  at  the  close  of  any  month  any  excess  of  the  Rentac^, 
Tennessee,  and  Arkansas  rqiorts  over  a  daily  average  of  fonr  hnndred  words,  las 
Associated  Press  shall  pay  for  snch  excess  at  the  rate  provided  for  in  the  ctmtract  to 
whii^  this  is  supplemental. 

And  it  is  also  agreed  that  so  long  as  the  New  Orleans  and  Southern  news  shall  bs 
sent  via  Memphis  and  Louisville  it  shall  be  charged  in  lien  of  said  service  whidi  has 
heretofore  been  rendered  via  Kew  York  and  Cleveland. 

It  is  further  understood  and  agreed  that  in  case  any  of  the  daily  papers  of  Kadi- 
ville  or  Memphis  which  are  members  of  the  Western  Associated  Press  shall  fail  to  psy 
their  assessment  for  news^  and  the  other  member  or  members  in  said  city  refose  to 
make  good  to  the  assooiation  the  deficit  occasioned  thereby,  the  said  Telegraph  Gon- 
pany  agrees  to  cancel  this  contract. 


*  The  second  supplemental  contract  simply  increases  the  maximum  of  repMWt  to  V^W 
words  a  day  in  place  of  8,700,  and  provides  that  for  excess  over  the  10,000  and  not  to 
exceed  12,000  the  rate  shall  be  2t|  cents  per  word,  and  for  all  excess  above  12,000  woids 
2  cents  per  word.  The  average  quantity  of  report  is  16,000  words,  and  rate  about  2iV 
ce9ts  per  word — a  little  under  2^  cents  on  a  very  large  service. 


I  lylatioin ' 


not  ftuniflhed  to  the  conmiitiee ;  hat  Mr.  Saith 


STATEMENT 


OF 


eSOBOB  D.  BOBBBTS,  BBPBB8BVTIH0  THX  POSTAL  TBLBOBAPH 

ABB  OABLB  OOBVABT. 


March  19, 1884. 

aBOBGB  D.  BOBEBTBy 

represeDting  the  Postal  Telegraph  and  Cable  CompaDy,  appeared  be- 
fore the  committee  in  advocacy  of  the  following  bill,  which  he  read  and 
presented  to  the  committee: 

B€  it  muutUi  hg  ike  Senate  amd  Hcuee  of  Repreeet^tattvee  of  the  United  Statee  af  AmeHea 
in  Catiffreee  oeeembM: 

SionON  1.  That  for  the  poTpose  of  seonriiig  correspondenoe  by  telegraph  at  cheaper 
rates,  the  Postmaster-Oeiieral  is  aathorized  and  directed  to  enter  into  a  contract  on 
behalf  of  the  United  States  with  the  Postal  TeleCTaph  and  Cable  Company,  a  corpo- 
ration organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  npon  the  following  condi- 
tions: 

Sec.  8.  The  said  corporation  shall  stipulate  therein  to  transmit  by  telegraph  with 
proper  skill  and  diligence  all  messages  which  at  any  time  after  the  making  of  the  con- 
iract  may  be  delivered  to  it  for  that  purpose  by  the  Post-Offlce  Department  of  the 
United  States  between  the  cities  of  New  York,  Philadelphia^  Baltimore,  Washington, 
Pittsburgh,  Buffalo, Cleveland.  Toledo,  Chicago,  Peoria,  npringlield,  IHiiiois,  and  Saint 
Louis,  and  not  later  than  one  year  after  the  date  of  the  contract  between  the  saia 
places  above  named  and  Harrisburg,  Pittsburgh,  Wheeling,  Columbus,  Cincinnati, 
and  Indianapolis,  and  not  later  than  two  years  from  the  date  of  the  contract  between 
the  above-named  places  and  Louisville,  Nashville,  Memphis,  New  Orleans,  Galveston, 
Saint  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Kansas  City,  and  Omaha,  and  also  all  other  cities  upon  the 
lines  of  its  wires  between  any  of  the  above-named  places  at  which  a  system  of  postal 
delivery  shall  be  established  by  the  Government,  and  within  five  years  from  the  date 
of  said  contract  between  the  above-named  and  all  other  places  in  the  United  States 
(having  a  post-office  delivery)  which  shall  be  designated  with  reasonable  notice  bv 
the  Postmaster-General,  l^ing  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers,  and  south 
of  Omaha  and  Minneapolis,  and  not  later  than  seven  years  from  the  date  of  the  con- 
tract between  the  places  in  the  Atlantic  division  above  designated^  and  all  the  prin- 
cipal cities  of  the  Pacific  coast  and  intermediate  States  and  Territones  having  a  postal 
delivery;  and  the  said  corporation  shall  further  stipulate  that  after  the  dates  above 
mentioned  and  until  the  expiration  of  the  contract,  it  will  keep  its  lines  at  all  times, 

323 


324  STATEMENT  OF  GEORGE  R.  ROBERTS. 

nnavoidable  casualties  excepted,  in  good  repair,  and  provide  therefor  at  its  own  ex- 
pense competent  operators,  good  instrainents,  and  all  equipments  necessary  for  effici- 
ently performing  tne  postal  service  between  all  of  the  said  designated  places.  The 
services  stipulated  to  be  performed  by  the  telegraph  company  in  respect  to  each 
message  shall  be  its  reception  from  the  postal  authorities,  at  the  offices  hereinafter 
provided  for,  in  any  of  the  above  designated  and  described  places,  and  its  transmis- 
sion and  delivery  to  the  postal  authorities  of  any  other  of -said  places  to  which  it  may 
be  addressed,  in  proper  form  for  delivery  to  the  sender  of  such  message.  At  or  before 
^e  execution  of  the  contract  the  said  corporation  shall  file  in  the  Post-Office  Depart- 
ment a  bond  in  proper  form,  and  ade<^oate  in  amount,  to  be  approved  by  the  Post- 
master-General, conditioned  for  the  faithful  performance  by  it  or  all  its  stipulations 
in  the  said  contract. 

Skc.  3.  On  behalf  of  the  United  States  it  shall  be  stipulated  in  the  said  contract 
that  at  each  of  the  places  designated  in  the  above  section  the  Government  shall  furnish 
without  charge  to  the  telegraph  company  a  suitable  room  or  rooms  for  the  office,  em- 
ployes, instruments,  batteries,  and  other  appliances  necessary  for  the  transaction  of 
its  bnsiness  under  said  contract,  and  shall  also  provide  the  said  company  with  the 
necessary  rights  and  facilities  for  connecting  its  lines  with  such  postal  telegraph 
offices.  It  shall  farther  be  stipulated  that  compensation  to  the  telegraph  company 
for  its  services  shall  be  made  as  follows :  For  each  message  of  twenty  words  or  less, 
exclusive  of  the  date,  address,  and  signature,  under  said  contract  transmitted  in  the 
ordinary  course  of  business  between  any  of  the  places  in  the  United  States  lying  east 
of  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers  and  south  of  Omaha  and  Minneapolis,  twenty- 
five  cents,  and  ten  cents  for  each  additional  ten  words  in  excess  of  twenty  words,  and 
for  each  message  directed  to  be  transmitted  at  night  and  delivered  the  following 
morning  fifteen  cents  if  of  twenty  words  or  less,  and  tern  cents  for  each  additional  ten 
words  or  less  in  excess  of  twenty  words,  except  that  between  the  cities  of  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  Washington,  and  such  other  points  separated  by  short 
distajces  as  may  be  from  time  to  time  agreed  upon,  the  ordinary  services  shall  be  paid 
for  at  the  rate  of  fifteen  cents  for  each  message  of  twenty  words  or  less,  as  aforesaid, 
and  ten  cents  for  each  t-en  words  or  less  in  excess  of  twenty  words,  the  payments  to 
be  made  monthly  as  hereinafter  provided. 

For  all  messages  transmitted  between  any  points  in  the  Western  or  Pacific  division, 
as  defined  in  section  2,  the  compensation  shall  be  the  same  as  for  the  Atlantic  di- 
vision ;  but  for  all  messages  transmitted  from  any  point  in  the  Atlantic  division  to 
any  point  in  the  Pacific  division  the  compensation  shall  be  fixed  at  fifty  cents  for  each 
message  of  twenty  words  or  less  and  twenty  cents  for  each  additional  len  words  or 
less  in  excess  of  twenty  words  for  ordinary  services,  and  for  night  service  at  twenty- 
five  cents  for  each  message  of  twenty  words  or  less  and  t^n  cents  for  each  additional 
ten  words  or  less  in  excess  of  twenty  words.  Upon  all  the  tariff  rates  above  specified 
there  shall  be  a  deduction  of  two  cent«,  or  the  local  rate  of  postage  if  less  than  two 
cents,  on  each  message,  as  compensation  to  the  Government  tor  delivery. 

It  shall  further  be  stipulated  that  the  contract  shall  remain  in  force  for  the  period 
of  ten  years  frt>m  its  date,  during  which  period  the  postal  telegraph  service  between 
the  places  designated  in  the  contract  shall  be  performed  under  its  provisions. 

Sec.  4.  When  the  said  contract  is  executed,  and  security  ffiven  as  required  by  sec- 
tion 2,  the  Postmaster- General  shall  from  time  to  time  establish  postal  telegraph  of- 
fices, and  provide  the  necessary  rooms  and  appliances  for  the  telegraph  company  as 
required  by  the  terms  of  the  contract,  and  do  such  other  acts  as  shall  become  neces- 
sary to  the  execution  of  its  provisions  on  the  part  of  the  Government.  He  shall  pro- 
vide telegram  stamps  and  stamped  paper  to  be  sold,  as  postage-stamps  are  now  sold, 
of  denominations  corresponding  to  the  several  tariff  rates,  as  specified  in  section  3. 
*  Upon  every  telegram  delivered  by  authority  of  the  Government  to  the  telegraph 
company  for  transmission  the  proper  stamp  for  prepayment  at  the  said  tariff  rates 
shall  be  affixed  by  the  sender  of  the  message,  which  stamp  shall  be  in  full  prepay- 
ment of  all  charges  upon  such  telegrams  including  delivery  at  its  destination,  whether 
transmitted  wholly  by  telegraph  to  the  place  of  address  or  partly  by  telegraph  and 
partly  by  mail.  Every  postmaster  shall,  on  the  second  Monday  of  each  month,  for- 
ward to  the  Postmaster-General  a  statement  of  the  number  of  postid  teleg^rams  re- 
ceived at  and  transmitted  from  his  office  during  the  next  preceding  month,  and  the 
stamped  value  of  each  telegram  tranHmitted,  and  the  number  and  amount  of  such 
telegram  stamps  sold  at  his  office,  and  all  money  received  for  telegraphic  service.  The 
Postmaster- General  shall  cause  monthly  accounts  to  be  prepared  for  said  company  of 
the  amount  of  telegram-stamps  sold  and  of  all  other  snms  received  for  the  transmis- 
sion of  telegrams,  and  of  the  number  of  telegrams  received  by  the  Department  and 
their  stamped  valae,  and  after  deducting  two  cents,  or  the  local  postage  rate  when 
less  than  two  cents,  on  each  telegram  transmitted,  shall  pay  the  remamder  of  such 
receipts  to  said  company  as  full  compensation  for  its  services  under  said  contract. 

Sec.  5.  The  said  telegraph  company  shall  receive  all  messages  delivered  to  it  prop- 
erly stamped  at  any  postal  telegraph  office,  and  transmit  them  by  telegraph  in  the 


STATEMENT  OF  GEORGE  D.  ROBERTS.  326 

order  in  which  they  are  received  (excepting  night  messages  to  be  delivered  the  fol- 
lowing morning),  to  the  poetal  telegrapn  office  to  which  tliey  are  addressed  or  to  the 
postal  telegraph  office  nearest  or  most  convenient  to  the  place  where  they  are  directed, 
and  shall  inclose  all  snch  messages  in  an  envelope  properly  addressed  and  deliver 
them*  to  the  post  office  at  the  receiving  postal  telegraph  office.  The  Postmaster- 
General  shall  make  regulations  to  facilitate  the  reception  and  ior warding  by  mail 
of  telegraphic  messages  s^nt  from  or  directed  to  places  at  which  no  postal  telegraph 
office  has  been  established. 

Sec.  6.  All  persons  shall  have  the  right  to  correspond  by  tele^aph  in  the  manner 
herein  prescribed,  and  all  telegrams  shall  be  privileged  coinmunicarions  in  law  to  the 
extent  that  letters  are  now.  The  originals  of  all  telegrams  shall  be  kept  in  the  office 
of  deposit  for  fonr  months,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time,  with  all  copies  thereof,  shall 
be  destroyed,  unless  snoh  originals  shall  be  called  for  by  the  sender,  when  it  shall  be 
delivered  to  him.  All  provisions  of  law  relating  to  the  destrnction  or  defacement,  or 
to  the  receipt,  transmission,  or  delivery  of  mailed  letters,  or  to  the  custody,  sale,  can- 
celing, or  defacement  of  stamps,  and  forging  or  counterfeiting,  or  to  the  stealing,  or  to 
the  unlawful  use  of  the  same,  shall  apply  to  postal  telegrams  and  to  postal  telegTam 
stamps. 

Sec.  7.  The  Postal  Telegraph  and  Cable  Company  shall  have  the  right  to  construct 
telegraph  lines  on  all  postal  routes  to  which  the  provisions  of  the  contract  afbresaid 
shall  be  applicable,  and  all  telegraph  lines  operated  under  the  provisions  of  this  act 
are  hereby  established  as  ptost-routes.  Any  person  who  shall  willfully  obstroot,  post- 
pone, or  delav  the  transmission  or  delivery,  or  unlawfully  divulge  or  permit  to  be 
read  or  seen  the  contents  of  any  telegram,  or  any  part  thereof,  or  any  copy  or  dupli- 
cate thereof,  or  who  shall  ii^ure  or  destroy  any  of  the  property  of  the  said  company, 
or  interfere  with  the  operation,  repairs,  or  nse  of  any  such  line  of  telegraph,  or  any 
I>art  thereof,  shall  be  deemed  ffuHty  of  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  in  a  dis- 
trict or  circuit  court  of  the  miited  States  for  the  district  where  snch  offense  shall 
have  been  sommitted,  or  where  such  person  shall  reside,  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not 
exceeding  one  thousand  dollars,  or  to  an  imprisonment  not  exceeding  two  years,  and 
shall  also  be  liable  for  damages  to  the  paxty  ii^jured  thereby.  The  Department  of 
Justice  shall  prosecute  all  persons  offending  against  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act 
in  the  name  of  the  United  States. 

OcDtlemen,  we  were  indaced  to  present  this  bill  from  the  fact  that 
yoa  have  already  had  several  bills  before  the  people,  and  also  from  the 
fact  that  the  agitation  as  to  Gk>vernment  interference  in  telegraphic 
matters  is  more  or  less  a  menace  to  oar  property  and  an  injury  to  our 
securities.  We  have  carefully  prepared  this  bill,  and  kept  within  the 
limits  of  our  capacity  and  our  ability  to  carry  out  the  contract  if  we 
should  make  it 

We  believe  that  we  have  a  better  system  than  is  in  general  use.  We 
have  a  different  wire  from  any  other  company,  a  wire  of  very  high  con- 
ductive qualities.  W^e  have  a  compound  wire,  part  steel  aud  part  cop- 
per, the  core  of  it  being  steel  in  order  to  give  it  tensile  strength.  By 
using  chemically  pure  cop|>er  for  the  coating  we  get  all  the  conducting 
power  of  pure  copper,  which  is  about  as  7  is  to  1  in  comparison  with  iron. 
The  resistance  on  our  wire  between  Chicago  and  New  York — I  think 
the  line  is  over  a  thousand  miles  in  length — is  about  15  ohms.  That 
probably  does  not  represent  the  resistance  over  an  iron  wire  of  much 
over  100  miles.  At  least  it  gives  us  the  advantage  of  using  a  long  cir- 
cuit instead  of  a  short  circuit.  I  believe  Dr.  Oreen,  who  apjieared  be- 
fore your  committee,  stated  that  it  was  impossible  for  the  Western 
Union  or  any  company  to  give  uniform  rates  beyond  the  limit  of  the 
circuit,  whatever  that  might  be,  and  stated  that  the  limit  of  their  cir- 
cuit was  about  500  miles.  We  have  not  tested  the  limit  of  our  circuit 
yet,  but  we  are  prepared  to  say  that  it  is  not  less  than  1,500  to  2,000 
miles.  Therefore  we  are  enabled  to  send  a  message  1,500  miles  as 
cheaply  as  any  other  company  could  send  it  500  miles. 

By  having  a  wire  of  that  character  we  are  also  enabled  to  use.  instru- 
ments that  heretofore  have  not  been  in  general  use  in  telegraphy.  AVe 
are  now  working  the  sextuplex  on  one  wire  between  Chicago  and  New 
York.    I  think  that  has  never  been  accomplished  before  in  the  history 


326  STATEMENT  OF  GEORGE  D.  ROBEKTS. 

of  telegraphing  for  that  distaDce  without  any  relays  of  any  character, 
and  we  expect  to  increase  that. 

We  also  have  a  system  by  which  we  are  enabled,  when  business  re- 
quires it,  to  send  a  thousand  words  or  more  a  minute  on  one  line  on  a 
circuit  of  a  thousand  miles  or  more  in  length.  At  first  we  would  have 
to  prepare  the  messages,  of  course,  on  cylinders  to  do  that.  But  that 
serves  to  show  the  capacity  of  our  wires. 

We  are  prepared  to  say  that  we  have  no  limit  as  yet  to  our  circuit, 
but  we  are  safe  in  stating  that  we  can  have  a  circuit  from  New  York  to 
New  Orleans  without  any  relays,  and  therefore  we  can  send  a  dispatch 
more  cheaply  for  that  distance  than  if  we  were  compelled  to  relay  three 
times,  as  under  the  old  system. 

If  our  contract  should  be  acceptable  to  the  Government^  of  course  it 
would  bring  forth  a  very  sharp  competition  in  telegraphing.  We  do 
not  expect  to  monopolize  the  business  by  any  means ;  we  do  not  ex- 
pect to  get  any  more  than  our  proper  share  of  it.  But  it  will,  of  course, 
induce  a  very  sharp  competition  in  telegraphing  all  over  the  country  for 
long  distances  and  short  distances.  Of  course  if  other  people  can  do 
it  more  cheaply  than  we  propose  doing  it  we  will  have  to  compete  with 
them. 

I  believe  this  is  the  first  proposition  of  this  kind  that  has  come  be- 
fore the  committee,  and  we  would  like  to  have  it  taken  into  serious  con- 
sideration. We  do  not  ask  anything  from  the  Gk>vernment,  except  the 
mere  privilege  of  putting  our  wires  in  the  post-offices.  This  is  a  mat- 
ter of  necessity.  If  it  were  not,  we  would  not  ask  or  expect  it.  It 
does  not  give  us  any  advantage  except  that  of  quick  delivery.  The 
space  we  would  occupy  in  the  public  buildings  would  be  very  small ;  if 
we  had  to  pay  rental,  it  would  be  a  ver;y'  small  amount. 

The  Chairman.  This  bill  provides  that  the  Oovernment  shall  pay  the 
rents  of  all  buildings  to  be  used  by  the  company^  does  it  not  t 

Mr.  KoBERTS.  Oh,  no,  sir;  not  by  any  means. 

The  Chairman.  Does  it  not  provide  that  the  Gk>vemment  shall  fur- 
nish suitable  rooms  f 

Mr.  EoBERTS.  Only  in  the  main  post-office,  where  your  delivery  office 
is,  that  is  all ;  or,  if  you  have  branch  offices  in  a  city,  we  might  have 
offices  in  those  branch  offices,  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  deliveries. 
The  only  object  of  that  provision  of  the  bill  is  to  facilitate  deliveries,  in 
the  interest  of  the  people.  We  would  probably  occupy  only  one  public 
office  in  a  city,  although  we  might  have  twenty,  thirty,  or  forty  other 
offices  in  that  city  for  local  business  outside  of  the  Government  business. 
Those  offices,  of  course,  would  be  at  our  own  expense.  If  we  make  a 
delivery  through  the  pKDst-office,  we  want  the  privilege  of  putting  our 
wii*es  into  the  post-office  building.  We  do  not  expect  the  Oovernment 
to  furnish  us  office  room  for  our  general  business  in  cities. 

Senator  Wilson.  Your  general  proposition,  then,  is,  for  instance,  in 
the  city  of  New  York,  that  the  Government  shall  supply  you  with  accom- 
modations in  the  general  post-office  building  f 

Mr.  EoBERTS.  Yes,  simply  in  the  post-office. 

Senator  Wilson.  And  you  deliver  the  messages  to  the  post-officef    ' 

Mr.  Roberts.  To  the  post-office. 

Senator  Wilson.  The  Government  delivering  them  the  same  as  it 
does  letters  ? 

Mr.  Roberts.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  You  propose  to  do  nothing  but  transmit  over  the  wire  f 

Mr.  Roberts.  That  is  all.  We  simply  want  to  carry  the  mall  for  you 
by  telegraph  wlien  ^oxi  gvN^  \\»  ta  via  to  carry.    We  will  deliver  it  to  you 


STATEBIENT   OF   GEORGE   D.    ROBERTS.  327 

jn8t  as  the  mail-carrier  delivers  it  to  yoa,  and  you  distribute  it.  That 
is  all  there  is  abont  it.  Of  course  we  expect  to  have  very  sharp  coin- 
petition  ontside  of  this  proposition.  We  will  have  our  offices  in  all  the- 
cities,  towns,  and  villages,  probably.  We  expect  to  extend  the  systen^ 
all  over  the  country. 

The  Chairman.  You  propose  to  reserve  the  right  to  do  any  business* 
you  desire  to  do  for  those  who  patronize  the  company,  without  any  re- 
gard to  the  Government  f 

Mr.  EOBEBTS.  Yes,  sir ;  without  any  regard  to  the  Gk>vernment  at 
all.  We  only  give  you  a  guarantee  that  the  rates  shall  not  exceed  this- 
limit  for  a  certain  period  of  years.  If  we  do  not  get  a  single  dispatcb 
ftt)m  the  Government,  if  you  l^ave  the  guarantee  that  it  shall  not  exceed 
that  point,  it  compels  every  other  company  to  compete  with  us  at  that 
rate,  and  you  will  have  those  rates  all  over  the  United  States,  because 
no  company  is  going  to  allow  us  to  take  all  the  advantage  of  those 
rates  ourselves.  They  will  all  compete  with  us  at  these  rates.  These  rates 
we  offer  to  you  are  very  reasonable  as  compared  with  the  present  rates. 
Without  any  reference  to  the  Government,  without  any  governmental 
complications  at  all,  without  the  expenditure  of  a  dollar,  you  simply 
have  a  guarantee  from  us  that  we  will  establish  these  rates  and  main- 
tain them  for  a  certain  period  of  years.  The  only  consideration  we  ask 
of  you  is  to  allow  us  to  put  our  wires  in  your  main  offices  in  the  cities,  for 
the  convenience  of  quick  delivery,  because  we  will  give  the  delivery 
Just  as  quick  through  the  postoffice  as  we  will  for  our  own  local  work. 
The  only  advantage  wilL  be  this :  For  instance,  we  will  probably  de- 
liver commercial  mess^es  quicker  than  the  Post-Office  Department 
could  possibly  do  it.  Our  deliveries  now  over  the  exchanges  from  Chi- 
cago to  New  York  are  made  so  rapidly  that  of  course  they  never  would 
go  through  post-offices.  We  never  could  do  that  kind  of  business 
through  the  post-office  under  any  circumstances ;  it  would  be  too  slow. 
There  is  no  possibility  of  having  that  kind  of  business  done  through 
the  post-office.  The  exchange  and  commercial  business  of  that  char- 
acter must  be  done  instantly. 

Our  company  has  a  theory  that,  by  establishing  a  very  low  rate  for 
telegraphing,  the  business  will  probably  increase  sufficiently  for  all  the 
companies  in  the  field  to-da^^ ;  that  it  will  increase  it  very  rapidly,  ho 
that  we  will  all  have  sufficient  to  keep  us  at  work.  Of  course,  at  such 
low  rates  we  could  not  pay  any  very  large  dividends  im.mediately,  but 
if  we  have  a  large  volume  of  business  we  would  be  perfectly  satisfied 
with  these  rates,  and  we  expect  to  get  a  large  volume  of  business  by 
giving  the  public  a  good  service  at  low  rates. 

The  Ohaibman.  What  do  you  estimate  to  be  the  proportionate  cost 
of  receiving  messages,  registering  them,  and  going  through  all  the 
forms  that  are  required  to  do  that  business  properly,  and  of  delivering 
the  messages  at  the  other  end  of  the  line,  and  the  cost  of  ti;ansmittalf 

Mr.  Roberts.  I  cannot  give  you  the  figures  on  that.  I  am  not  fa- 
miliar enough  with  the  subject  to  give  any  opinion  about  that.  I  am 
simply  representing  the  company  in  the  capacity  of  an  interested  party, 
to  a  certain  extent.  I  only  know  generally  about  these  things.  JBut  I 
know  that  we  expect,  of  course,  to  perform  this  service  at  a  profit  to 
our  company,  or  we  should  not  make  the  proposition. 

Deliveries  depend  on  the  distance.  We  only  require  ordinary  letter 
deliveries,  so  far  as  our  system  is  concerned,  because  our  service,  being 
through  the  post-office,  will  be  used  principally  for  dispatches  of  a  so- 
cial character,  and  those  that  are  not  absolutely  important  to  be  deliv- 
ered immediately. 


S28  STATEMENT  OF  GEORGE  D.  EOBEBTS.  ' 

Senator  Jackson.  You  provide  for  no  priority  on  the  part  of  the 
Government,  do  you  ! 

Mr.  Roberts.  We  are  compelled  to  yield  priority  to  the  Government 
for  its  business  anyway.  Any  dispatches  that  we  receive,  except  those 
night  dispatches,  we  have  to  send  immediately.  But  our  system  is 
such  that  we  are  not  likely  to  have  more  work  than  we  can  attend  to. 
We  expect  to  put  up  additional  wires  and  do  the  work.  In  fact,  the  real 
competition  in  telegraphy  must  be  not  so  much  in  price  as  in  service. 

The  Chairman.  Would  you  embrace  in  that  term  "  Government  serv- 
ice" all  the  regular  correspondence  between  the  executive  branches  of 
the  Government ! 

Mr.  Egberts.  If  they  wished  it ;  but  we  would  probably  want  to 
make  a  special  contract  for  that  on  a  little  different  terms  from  those 
proposed  ih  the  bill.  This  bill  is  for  the  people.  If  the  Government 
wish  to  make  a  special  contract  with  us,  as  they  have  done  with 
existing  companies,  that  would  be  different. 

Senator  Jackson.  Under  the  act  of  1866  the  Gk>vemment  has  a  right 
to  fix  its  own  rates. 

Mr.  BoBERTs.  Yes^  sir. 

Senator  Wilson.  I  do  not  understand  this  proposition  as  involving 
Government  service  t 

Mr.  Egberts.  Ko,  sir ;  we  did  not  intend  it  to,  except  so  far  as  the 
Government  has  the  same  right  to  use  it  that  anybody  else  has.  That  is 
a  separate  matter  for  negotiation. 

The  Chairman.  By  creating  two  districts  yon  make  a  very  great  in- 
equality in  the  matter  of  rates.  For  instance,  you  propose  50  cents  for 
telegraphing  across  the  Mississippi  Biver. 

Mr.  Egberts.  No,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  The  rate  from  one  of  these  districts  to  the  other  is 
60  cents  for  twenty  words. 

Mr.  Egberts.  How  is  that  f 

Senator  Jackson.  Mr.  Eoberts  makes  a  distinction,  as  I  infer  from 
the  reading  of  the  bill,  but  does  not  make  any  difference  in  the  rate. 

Mr.  Egberts.  We  have  a  clause  in  the  bill  in  regard  to  short  circuits. 
All  those  short  circuits  will  be  adjusted  from  time  to  time  by  the  Post- 
master-General. We  have  provided  for  that.  We  exi)ect  to  give  you 
the  lowest  rate  possible,  and  we  will  make  such  contracts  from  time  to 
time  as  the  Postmaster-General  may  require  on  short  distances. 

Senator  Wilson.  Are  your  present  rates  between  New  York  and 
Washington  the  same  as  the  rates  charged  by  the  other  companies? 

Mr.  Egberts.  I  do  not  know  that  we  have  established  our  rates  yet. 
I  suppose  it  will  be  less,  and  I  may  state  it  will  be  less. 

The  Chairman.  This  is  the  language  of  the  bill  you  proposed  to  have 
introduced : 

For  all  messages  transmitted  between  any  points  in  the  Western  or  Pacific  division, 
as  defined  in  section  2,  the  compensation  snail  be  the  same  as  for  the  Atlantic  divi- 
sion, bnt  for  aU  messages  transmitted  from  any  point  in  the  Atlantic  diyision  to  anv 
point  in  the  Pacific  division  the  compensation  shall  be  fixed  at  50  cents  for  each 
message  of  twenty  words. 

Mr.  Egberts.  That  was  not  the  intention  of  the  company. 

Senator  Wilson.  That  would  make  a  dispatch  from  Council  Bluffs  to 
Omaha  cost  50  cents  ? 

Mr.  Egberts.  Of  course  that  can  be  amended.  The  intention  of  the 
bill  is  to  make  short  circuits  subject  to  contracts  hereafter  with  the 
Postma«ter-General,  whether  in  one  division  or  the  other.  If  that  is  the 
way  you  understand  the  bill  we  will  have  a  change  made,  so  that  it  will 


STATEMENT  OF  GEOBGE  D.  ROBERTS.  329 

l)e  ju8t  the  same  to  one  division  as  the  other  exactly.  We  reserve  the 
privile|2:e  of  changinK  that  so  as  to  make  it  uniform. 

The  Chairman.  The  rate  proposed  here  for  transmitting  messages, 
I  observe,  is  the  same  as  the  English  rate,  which  covers  the  entire  cost 
of  receiving,  delivery,  and  everything  connected  with  it — 25  cents  for 
twenty  words.  I  suppose  their  average  distance  for  messages  would  not 
vary  very  much,  however,  from  the  average  distances  over  which  mes- 
sages are  sent  in  this  country.  Their  longest  line  is  700  miles,  I  am  in- 
formed. 

Mr.  BOBERTS.  I  am  not  familiar  at  all  with  the  English  rates. 

Senator  Wilson.  It  would  not  be  very  dififerent,  taking  into  consider- 
ation the  two  districts. 

The  Chairman.  The  bill  will  be  considered  by  the  committee. 

Mr.  EoBERTS.  The  clause  you  speak  of  we  will  change. 

The  Chairman.  If  we  see  fit  to  take  any  action  on  it  we  will  submit 
it  to  you. 

Mr.  Roberts.  I  authorize  the  change  to  be  made,  or  we  can  malse  it 
for  yon,  to  make  uniform  rates  on  short  circuits  the  same  as  the  usual 
rates,  for  either  the  Pacific  or  Atlantic  division. 

Any  information  that  the  committee  may  want  we  would  like  to  fiir- 
nish  at  any  time. 


LETTER 


OF 


MR.  GARDINER  6.  HUBBARD 


Washington,  D.  C,  May,  1884. 

Dbab  Sm :  As  there  is  a  great  diversity  of  opinion  in  regard  to  the 
cost  of  telegraphy  and  of  ^the  constmction  of  telegraph  lines,  I  give 
some  facts  and  conclusions  drawn  fh)m  them  in  the  hope  that  they  may 
aid  in  forming  a  correct  judgment  npon  these  points: 

COST  OF  TELEGBAPHIOGOBBESPONDENOE  IN  EUBOPE. 

An  examination  of  the  cost  of  the  telegraphic  service  in  Belgium  for 
1881  shows  that  the  average  cost  of  internal  telegrams  was  .727  of  a 
franc,  equal  to  14.54  cents  per  message. 

The  average  cost  of  telegrams  in  Switzerland  in  1882  was  .74  of  a 
franc,  equal  to  14.8  cents,  including  transit  and  internal  telegrams,  and 
the  cost  of  construction  of  new  lines.  Making  due  allowance  fsr  these 
items,  the  average  cost  of  internal  telegrams  was  14  cents. 

In  England,  during  the  year  1882,  31.345,000  messages  were  trans- 
mitted, ata  cost  of  £1,440,000,  equal,  at  $4.86  to  the  pound,  to  $6,998,400, 
making  the  average  cost  pner  telegram  22.3  cents.  This  probably  in- 
cludes the  cost  of  construction  of  new  lines  for  the  year,  but  the  report 
of  the  Postmaster-General  does  not  show  either  the  cost  or  the  mileage 
of  new  lines  or  wires.  Estimating  the  cost  of  construction  at  10  per 
cent,  on  the  operating  expenses,  the  average  cost  per  telegram  was 
20.01  cents.  But  in  England  the  telegram  is  twenty  words,  exclusive 
of  address  and  signature,  which  adds  about  one-third  to  its  length  and 
three-sixteenths  to  its  cost,  making  the  cost  of  the  average  telegram  of 
ten  words  about  16.30  cents. 

331 


\ 


332 


LETTER   OF   GARDINER   G.   HUBBARD. 


COST  OF  TELEGRAPHIC   CORRESPONDENCE  IN  AMERICA. 

The  expenses  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  for  its  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30, 1883,  were  $11,794,000,  divided  as  follows : 


For  wh»t  purpose. 


Clerks  and  cashiers  engaged  in  receipt  of  messages ;  clerks  engaged  as  man- 
agers of  messengers  for  Uieir  distrioation  

other  salaries,  inolading  executiTe  offices,  operators,  Ac. 

Messengers 

Line  repairs $089,616 

Beconstmction 285,038 

Superintendents 181,700 

Instruments 100,806 

Office  repairs i 107,774 

Batteries 288,647 

Taxes 

Bent  of  offices * 

Claims  for  deUnqnenoies 

Printing  and  statiot*er7 188,000 

Light  and  fad 120,000 

Law  expenses 147,000 

Paid  other  lines 267,000 

BeAinded  and  oncoUeoted 130,000 

And  amounts  paid  railroad  companies 608,000 

Cost  of  maintaining  consolidated  companias 

Sundries 

Average  per  telegram  28.880  cents 

Bentais  on  leaaea  lines 528,000 

Bentals  on  American  cables 700,000 

Bentai  on  Gold  and  Stock  and  Cuba  eaUea 801,000 


Total  cost 


Cost  of  tele- 
gram in 
cents. 


$1,625^000 

8,487.000 

703,341 


1.406»854 


453.226 

215,648 

30-1,881 

21,728 


450,000 


1,000.000 
280,000 
822,480 


10,265.553 


1,520,000 


11,704,568 


.08454 
.07086 
.01606 


,08106 

.01080 
,00486 
.00600 
,00040 


ooTor 


The  above  items,  down  to  and  incloding  <'  rentals  on  leased  lines,"  are 
taken  from  the  evidence  of  Dr.  Oreen  and  documents  submitted  by 
him  to  the  Senate  committee ;  the  last  thre^  items  from  letter  of  Dr. 
Green  in  the  North  American  Eeview  for  December,  18Sd  (page  524). 

The  average  expense  per  telegram  is  based  on  44,000,000,  the  number 
Dr.  Green  estimates  were  transmitted  in  1883,  including  Gold  and  Stock 
and  cable  telegrams,  which  were  not  included  in  the  tables  given  in  the 
annual  report  of  the  Western  Union  Tdegraph  Company  for  1883. 

The  receipts  of  the  Western  Union  in  1883  were — 

From  telegrams $15,442,902 

From  revenue  on  cables 1,100,000 

From  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company 1,417,000 

From  Inter-Ocean  and  Cuba  cables 388,000 

From  rental  of  private  lines... 407,000 

From  dividends  and  sundries 700,000 

4, 012, 000 

Total  reoeipts 19,454,902 

Total  expenses 11,794,&53 

Net  profits 7,600,349 

From  profits  dednct — 

Interest  on  bonded  debt,  Ac $466,911 

Rental  on  leased  lines 528,933 

996,884 

Leaving  amount  appUcable  to  dividends 6,665,505 

Average  receipts  per  telegram 35000  cents. 

Average  operating  expenses  per  telegram 23325  cents. 

Average  profits  per  teVegtikm *••• \\snRi^^\A^ 


LETTER  OF  GARDINER  O.  HUBBARD. 


33a 


Sttimalt  of  expentei  of  a  po9tal  telegraph  under  the  oomtraot  eyatem^  band  on  expendituree 
of  the  Weetem  Union  Telegraph  Company  for  the  fiscal  year  1883. 


Clerks 

Salaries 

Messengers 

Line  repairs,  &o 

Instruments,  Jto 

Taxes  

Rents 

Claims 

Printing,  Sco 

Paid  other  lines 

Maintaining  consolidated  companiea. 
Snndries 


Present 
expenses. 


.03454 
.07036 
.01600 
.03196 
.01257 
.00488 
.00890 
.00049 
.01043 
.02045 
.00636 
.00731 


Contractors. 


00731 
.07436 

.d3i06'' 

.01257  ' 

.00488 

.00250 

.00049 

.00463 

.01211 


Post-Office 
Department. 


.00860 
.00200 
.01400 


.00580 


Saved. 


.0180B 
.00300 
.00200 


.00320 
.00226' 


0032* 


.23325 


.15612 


03000 


.00360 
.00634 
.00698 
.00200 


.04713 


Expenses  of  the  contracton 15,912  cents;  total,  $7,001,250 

Expenses  of  the PostOffice  Department 3, 000  cents ;  total,  1,320,000 

Total  operating  expenses 18,912c€nt8;  total,  8,321,250 

Amountsayea 04,413ccnt«;  total,  1.941,720 


23, 325  cents. 


10,262,970 


This  estimate  shows  a  saving  in  the  expenses  of  nearly  4^  cents  per 
telegram,  or  total  saving  of  91,940^000.  This  results  from  the  less 
number  of  clerks  and  cashiers  required  in  the  handling,  bookkeeping, 
numbering  and  other  clerical  work  now  required  on  each  message,  ren- 
dered unnecessary  under  the  postal  system,  where  all  telegrams  are  pre- 
paid by  stamps  and  almost  the  only  accounts  to  be  kept  are  of  the  num- 
ber of  messages  transmitted  and  of  the  money  received  for  the  stamps. 

There  will  also  be  further  economy  in  rent^,  as  the  post-offices  in  most 
places  will  have  room  enough  for  the  telegraph  office,  as  in  such  offices 
the  Morse  instrument  and  batteries  will  occupy  little  more  spa<»  than  a 
sewingiuachine ;  while  in  towns  and  cities,  through  the  Telephone  Ex- 
changes and  District  Telegraj^  companies,  the  telegraph  is  brought  into 
direct  communication  with  a  large  and  constantly  kicreasing  number  of 
customers,  thus  increasing  the  business  without  any  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  messengers,  and  with  less  need  of  offices  in  different  localities 
in  the  same  city.  There  will  also  be  a  large  reduction  in  printing,  legal 
fees,  and  other  expenses,  as  well  as  in  the  amounts  ^^  refunded  and  uu- 
oollected"  and  tlie  cost  of  maintaining  consolidated  companies. 

Under  the  present  system,  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  operators  ar& 
railroad  employes,  paid  by  a  commission  on  the  telegrams.  Under  the 
postal  system  the  same  service  will  be  performed  by  the  postmasters,, 
who  will  be  paid  in  the  same  way. 

The  gross  expenditure  at  present  is  $11,793,000;  but  this  includes 
the  cost  of  maintaining  the  Atlantic  and  Cuba  cables,  the  Oold  and 
Stock  Telegraph  Company,  together  with  the  rentals  paid  for  these  lines^ 
and  the  cost  of  operating  and  maintaining  the  private  lines.  Twenty- 
one  per  cent,  of  the  grQss  revenue  is  now  derived  from  these  sources* 
This  business  should  bear  its  proportion  of  the  common  expense,  which 
would  be  $2,155,000,  and  therefore  exceeds  the  amount  saved,  $1,940,000. 

No  account  has  been  taken  of  this  fact.  With  this  reservation,  the 
foregoing  statement  is  believed  to  be  substantially  correct. 


334  LETTER  OF  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 

I  believe  that  the  amoont  of  some  of  the  items,  rent  for  instaoeey  wiM 
be  less  than  the  estimate,  while  other  items  may  be  increased. 

Total  operating  expenses  as  above 18, 912  cento. 

To  these  mast  be  added  $2,596,560,  which  is  the  interest  at  6  per  cent,  on 

$43,276,000,  the  estimated  cost  of  the  lines  of  the  Western  Union; 

per  telegram 05,901  cents. 

Average  cost  per  telegram,  including  interest J24,813  oeota. 

This  shows  the  cost  of  the  average  telegram,  inclading  a  profit  of  6 
per  cent,  on  the  cost  of  the  lines  will  be  24.813.  These  expenses  are 
divided  into  exi>ense8  not  affected  by  the  distance  of  transmission,  viz; 

Interest  oii  cost  of  lines 05901 

Expenses  of  the  Post-Office  Department 03000 

A  part  of  the  expenses  for  clerks  and  salaries 01000 

Ben  to,  printing,  line  repairs,  taxes,  paid  other  linea,  and  part  of  sundries 05972 

Expenses  not  affected  b^  the  distance  of  transmission 15873 

And  into  expenses  varying  with  the  distance,  viz :  Clerks'  and  operatert'  sala- 
ries, .07387;  instromento,  .01227 8940 

2481S 

The  average  rate  under  the  bill  of  the  Senate  committee  will  be  about 
25  cents,  a  r^nction  of  10  centa  firom  the  present  average  rate.  If  the 
operating  exi>enses  are  18.912  cents,  there  will  be  an  average  profit 
per  telegram  of  6.088  cents,  and  on  44,000,000  telegrams  the  profit  will 
be  $2,678,872. 

The  normal  growth  of  the  business  during  the  last  six  years  was  100 
per  cent.  This  growth  will  be  much  more  rapid  after  this  great  reduc- 
tion in  rates,  and  will  be  at  least  100  per  cent,  in  three  years.  If  this 
estimate  should  be  realized,  the  net  profits  at  the  expiration  of  that  time 
will  be  much  larger  than  under  the  present  high  rates. 

When  sent  less  than  the  average  distance,  the  expenses,  varying  with 
distance  will  be  reduced  about  one-third,  or  3  cents,  making  the  average 
cost  for  operating  expenses  15.537  cents,  1^  cents  more  than  in  Belgium, 
2^  cents  more  than  in  Switzerland,  and  about  the  same  as  in  Great 
Britain.  The  total  cost,  inclusive  of  interest  on  the  cost  of  the  lines  will 
be  21.813  cents.  There  is  no  reason  why  the  cost  in  America  should  be 
much  greater  than  in  Europe.  Our  operators  and  employes  are  paid 
higher  salaries,  but  they  do  more  work  in  a  day  and  use  the  Horse 
sounder,  which  is  more  rapid  than  most  of  the  instruments  used  abroad. 

The  cost  between  large  cities  not  more  than  500  miles  apart,  where 
there  is  an  uninterrupted^  stream  of  business,  will  be  less  than  15  cents, 
while  between  large  cities  at  a  greater  distance  and  smeJl  offices  off  the 
main  circuits  the  cost  will  be  greater,  but  these  differences  will  not 
affect  the  average  result. 

When  sent  more  than  the  average  distance,  the  expenses  varying 
with  distance  will  be  increased  about  one-third,  making  the  total  cost 
28.402  cents,  inclusive  of  interest  on  the  cost  of  the  lines.  The  rate 
under  the  Senate  bill  for  1,500  miles  is  30  cents,  increasing  5  cents  for 
every  2.60  miles  up  to  50  cents. 

These  estimates  are  based  on  44,000,000  telegrams.  If  there  are  not 
as  many,  a  part  of  the  "  expenses  not  affected  by  the  distance  of  trans- 
mission'' will  be  increased,  and  decreased  if  there  is  a  greater  number. 
For  instance,  if  only  22,000,000  are  transmitted,  the  expenses  for  rentals 


LETTER  OF   GARDIKEB  O.   HUBBAfiD.  385 

and  interesti  repairs,  taxes,  claims^  sandrieB,  and  profit,  amounting  to 
$3,500,000,  must  be  assessed  upon  22,000,000  messages,  whioh  woold  in- 
crease the  average  cost  aboat  8  cents  per  message,  if  there  are  88,000,- 
000  messages,  the  cost  will  be  redaced  3.5  cents  per  telegram. 

ESTIMATE   OF   THE   NX7MBEB   OF  BMPLOYlfeS   REQUIBED   UNDER   THE 
WESTERN  UNION  AND  POSTAL  TELEGRAPH  SYSTEMS. 

The  average  rate  paid  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Oompany  to 
their  operators,  as  appears  by  reference  to  the  table  famished  by  Dr. 
Green  to  the  Senate  Committee  on  Education  and  Labor  (testimony, 
page  965),  was  $6 1.90  for  the  month  of  June,  1883,  or  $780  a  year. 

TheooDipany  paid  for  clerks  and  OAshiers  in  1883 $1,535,000 

It  pidd  for  other  salaries,  inclading  exeoative  officers  and  operators 3, 487, 000 

Total  amount 5,012,000 

The  amount  paid  for  other  salaries,  as  it  inclndes  execative  and  other 
officers,  as  well  as  operators,  was  probably  a  little  higher  than  the  aver- 
age, or  about  $800  a  year.  Compensation  for  clerks  and  cashiers  was 
prooably  a  little  less  than  that  of  the  operators,  or  aboot  $700  a  year. 

At  9700  a  year  the  number  of  clerks  and  cashiers  was 2,180 

At  $800  a  year  the  namber  of  employteiras | 4,360 


u 


Making  the  total  number  of  employ^ 6,590 

Of  the  sums  the  larger  portion  of  the  amount  expended  for  clerks  and 
cashiers  is  for  work  that  will  be  performed  by  the  postal  telegraph 
service  or  saved.  Almost  the  entire  cost  for  other  salaries,  i&c.,  will  be 
borne  by  the  contractors.  The  occupation  of  nearly  all  the  i>ost-office 
employ^  will  be  to  receive  telegrams  from  the  public,  number,  send,  or 
deliver  them  to  the  operators,  or  to  receive  them  firom  the  operators,  en- 
velope, direct,  and  deliver  them  to  the  messenger.  This  service  can  be 
performed  by  young  ladies  at  a  lower  salary  Uian  is  now  paid,  or,  say, 
on  an  average  $600  a  year. 

The  compensation  paid  by  the  post-oAce  for  clerks,  cashiers,  ^bc,  is  esti- 
mated at  1466,400 

For  clerks  and  operators  paid  by  the  contractor 3,508,400 

The  amount  saved  is  estimated  at 951,700 

Total  amount  expended  and  saved |5,  Oil,  600 

At  |600  a  year  the  Post-OiBce  Departmant  can  employ  clerks  and  cashiers 

in  addition  to  those  now  in  the  service 777 

The  contractor  will  employ  clerks  and  operators 4,800 

The  number  saved 953 

Making  the  total  number • 6,530 

The  messages  are  now  delivered,  either  by  contract  with  the  District 
Tele^ph  Company  or  by  messenger  boys,  who  are  generally  paid  ac- 
cording to  the  number  of  messages  delivered.  There  are  about  3,000  in 
the  service  of  the  Western  Union  Company,  with  average  wages  of  75 
ceuts  a  day.  A  less  number  will  be  required  under  the  postal  system, 
as  all  night  telegrams  will  be  delivered  by  the  letter-carriers  and  some 
of  the  others. 

In  addition  to  these  employes,  the  Western  Union  probably  employs 


\ 


/ 


/ 


336  LETTER  OF  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 

over  1,000  men  as  snperintendeDts  of  line  repairs  and  reconstruction. 
The  employes  engaged  in  this  work  will  be  paid  by  the  contractors. 

The  foregoing  estimate  apparently  conflicts  with  the  flrst  statement 
of  Dr.  Green  to  the  Senate  committee  "  that  they  have  25,500  instru- 
ments, and  every  instrument  requires  an  operator*  I  should  say,  there- 
fore, there  are  probably  30,000  operators  employed  on  the  Western 
Union  lines.^^  In  this  statement  Dr.  Green  refers  to  railroad  and  other 
operators,  as  the  salaries  of  30,000  operators  at  $780  a  year  would 
amount  to  $23,400,000,  or  more  than  twice  the  entire  expenses  of  the 
Western  Union.  In  Dr.  Green's  remarks  to  directors,  September  13, 
1882,  he  says,  "  We  pay  salaries  to  only  2,578  of  our  12,041  offices;  at 
960  others  we  pay  only  a  portion  of  the  operating  expenses " ;  and  in 
his  statement  to  the  Senate  Committee  on  Education  and  Labor,  he 
says,  <^  8,912  offices  were  operated  by  railroads  without  any  direct 
money  cost  to  the  company.^ 

OOST  OF  LINES. 

The  cost  of  lines  differs  very  greatly,  depending  on  the  quality  of 
the  line,  the  facility  of  obtaining  poles,  the  freight  on  wire  and  poles, 
and  on  the  contracts  which  can  be  made  with  railroads,  whether  they 
will  transport  and  drop  the  poles  on  the  spot  where  they  are  required, 
or  leave  them  at  the  lygular  stations  on  the  line  of  the  road,  to  be  hauled 
to  the  place  where  thiey  will  be  set.  The  price  varies  from  $65  a  mile  of 
wire  to  $2,000  or  $3,000  a  mile  of  pole  line  in  some  cities,  where  large 
aiid  expensive  poles  or  underground  wires  are  required.  The  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  has  contracts  with  most  of  the  railroads, 
which  gives  that  company  peculiar  facilities,  if  not,  as  they  claim,  the 
exclusive  use  of  the  railroads  for  telegraphic  purposes. 

A  detailed  statement  of  the  cost  of  a  mile  of  pole  line  with  three  wires 
is  hereto  annexed  as  giving  a  fair  estimate  of  the  average  cost  of  lines 
extending  into  all  parts  of  the  country ;  in  some  sections  the  cost  will 
be  less,  in  others  greater. 

It  will  not  be  safe  to  estimate  the  cost  of  telegraphic  lines  at  less 
than  $300  a  mile  of  pole  line,  averaging  three  wires  to  a  pole  and  in- 
clusive of  the  right  of  way ;  an  average  of  one  wire  in  addition  would 
cost  $35  per  mile  more. 

The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  operates  432,726  miles  of 
wire,  strung  on  144,294  mSes  of  pole  line ;  this  is  equivalent  to  an 
average  of  3  miles  of  wire  to  1  mile  of  pole  line.  At  $100  per  mile  the 
value  is  $43,276,000,  inclusive  of  all  instruments  necessary  to  operate 
the  lines,  upon  which  interest  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  is  allowed  in 
the  foregoing  tables. 

This  valuation  of  $43,276,000  will  appear  as  much  too  high  to  some 
as  it  will  appear  too  low  to  others. 

This  difference  of  opinion  arises  from  the  impossibility  of  estimating 
the  cost  of  poles  and  of  the  rights  of  way,  including  in  these  rights  the 
privileges  enjoyed  by  the  Western  Union  through  its  contracts  with 
railroads,  and  the  great  difference  in  the  cost  of  lines  in  different  sec- 
tions of  the  country. 

This  estimate  includes  neither  the  good- will  nor  the  franchises  of  the 
telegraph  company ;  it  merely  shows  the  sum  required  to  build  new 
lines,  to  connect  the  places  now  reached  by  the  lines  of  the  Western 
Union  Company  with  equal  facilities. 

The  Western  Union  Company  also  holds  valuable  property  acquired 
for  its  other  busmeas^  ftom;w\i\<ib  it  derives  one-third  of  its  net  income. 


LETTER  OF  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD.  337 

In  the  North  AmericaD  Eeview,  1883,  page  525,  Dr.  Green  states  the 
gross  revenue  from  other  sources  than  the  transmission  of  telegrams 
and  the  rentals  paid  for  same  as  follows: 

From  the  Amerioan  cables ^ $1,100,000 

From  the  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company 1,417,000 

From  the  Inter-Ocean  Company  (Cuba  cables) 3cJ8,000 

From  the  rontals  on  private  lines,  $407,000;  dividends,  &o.,  f700,000 1, 107,000 

4, 012, 000 

Rentals  of  this  property $1,180,000 

Operating  expenses,  say 1,000,000 

2,180,000 

Net  earnings 1,832,000 

This  property,  capitalized  at  6  i>er  cent,  represents  a  value  of  $30,- 
000,000. 

A  trial  balance  of  the  property  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany included  in  these  estimates  would  stand  approximately  as  follows: 

UABILITIBS. 

Capital  stock $80,0(X),000 

For  debt  of  leased  lines  and  rentals  capitalized 37,464,200 

117, 464, 20e 

A88BT8. 

Lines  and  instruments  as  above $43,276,000 

Atlantic  and  other  cables,  shares,  rontals,  and  dividends,  &c.,  roprosented 

by  property  capitalized  as  above,  at 30,000,000 

Real  estate 5,000,000 

Marketable  assets  in  the  Treasury  * 10,023,000 

Balance  of  assets 5,016,000 

Bonus  paid  for  lines  of  the  American  Union  and  stock  of  the  Atlantic 

and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company  in  1881,  to  balance  the  account 25, 149, 000 

117,464,200 

The  details  of  the  capital  and  liabilities  of  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany at  different  periods  are  set  forth  in  the  accompanying  table,  B. 

According  to  the  evidence  of  Mr.  Bates,  president  of  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Telegraph  Company,  that  company  ezx>ects  to  operate  35.000 
miles  of  wire,  to  cost  abont  $6^000,000.  This  is  at  the  rate  of  $142  a 
mile. 

The  American  Union  Telegraph  Company  built  between  1878  and 
1881  about  10,700  miles  of  pole  lines  and  46,400  miles  of  wire,  at  the 
cost  of  $5,000,000,  according  to  the  evidence  of  Mr.  Bates,  or  $108  per 
mile  of  wire.  But  this  company  pays  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Com- 
pany  over  $150,000  a  year  for  the  right  of  way  over  its  lines,  which, 
capitalized,  is  equal  to  $2,500,000  of  principal^  and  increases  the  cost  to 
$150  per  mile  of  wire. 

It  is  probable  that  each  of  these  estimates  includes  a  very  large  profit 
on  the  lines.  . 

GAEDINEE  G.  HUBBAED. 

Hon.  N.  P.  Hill, 

Ohairman  Committee  an  Past-Offices  and  Past-RaadSj 

United  States  Senate. 

*  Some  of  these  aasete  are  included  in  the  item  ''Atlantic  and  other  cablee,"  Ac.f 
and  are,  therefore,  entered  twice  among  the  assets.  If  the  entries  were  corrected  it 
would  increase  the  last  item,  ''Bonus  paid,"  &c. 

8.  Eep.  577,  pt.  2 ^22 


/ 


338  LETTER  OF  GARDINER  G.  HUBBARD. 

Table  A. — Detailed  etatemeni  of  cost  of  one  mUe  of  pole  line  of  telegrapkin  country  y  poUe  30 
fett  high,  of  second-growth  cheetnut,  6  inch  tope,  and  No,  8  ex,  B,  B,  wire. 

Thirty  poles,  delivered,  at  |2.50 $75  00 

1  mile  wire,  389  poands,  at  5  cents  per  pound 19  45 

SOx-arms,  at  25  cents 7  50 

60  bolts,  at  3  cents 1  80 

30  pins  at  2  cents 60 

30  iDsnlators,  at  5  cents 1  50 

Grounds,  tie-wire,  solder,  &c 3  00 

Delivery  of  material 1 1  00 

Labor  (gang  of  men  and  boss),  8  men,  at  $2 16  00 

Boss,  atfS;  and  expenses,  $1.50 4  50 

Wagon  for  men,  with  wire  and  tools 3  00 

Sundries,  and  occasional  damage  to  trees 5  00 

138  35 
Allow  for  higher  poles  to  cross  other  lines  roads,  or  railroad  tracks,  say 10  00 

149  35 

For  each  additional  wire  on  each  route  until  four  are  strung 30  00 

•  ~— ^^^^— ^ 

Cost  i>er  mile  of  wire  with  three  wires  strung 70  00 

389  pounds  No.  8  wire  to  the  mile,  at  5  cents 19  45 

Town  tpork,  one  mUe,  ^feet  poles,  7i-in€k  tops,  40  to  the  mUe, 

40  poles,  delivered,  at  $13 •. $520  00 

40arms,  at  30  cents 12  00 

One  mile  wire,  No.  6,  538  pounds,  at  5  cents 26  90 

Bolts,  pins,  insulators , 7  00 

Grounds,  solder,  &c 4  10 

Labor  (twelve  men  and  boss)  gauji^  to  erect  ten  poles  a  day 114  00 

Repairing  pavements,  contingencies 25  00 

Total 709  00 

Under  unfavorable  circumstances  the  men  mijrht  not  be  able  to  erect  more  than  five 
poles  a  day ;  this  would  increase  the  cost  to  $880 ;  each  additional  wire,  $35. 

Cost  per  mile  of  wire,  three  wires  per  pole,  $259. 

In  large  cities  like  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Chicaeo,  dsc,  the  expenses  for  contin- 
gencies would  be  hiffher  than  the  estimate ;  but  it  wiU  be  unnecessary  to  take  account 
of  these  exceptionafitems,  as  the  large  ci^  poles  will  carry  many  wires,  and  thus 
reduce  the  cost  per  mile  of  wire. 

If  one-sixth  of  the  distance  is  town  work  the  average  cost  per  mile  of  wire,  averag- 
ing three  wires  to  a  pole,  will  be,  at  the  above  rates,  f  101.50. 

The  cost  of  one  mue  of  pole  line  with  four  wires  strung  would  be  $335.  The  evi- 
dence of  Mr.  Chapman  given  to  the  Senate  committee  shows  that  the  actual  cost  of  a 
four-wire  line  between  Cleveland,  Chicago,  and  Kansas  City  was  fiom  $325  to  $350 
per  mile  of  pole  line. 

Table  B.-^Capital  and  liahilities  of  the  Western  Uniion  Tdegrt^h  Ompamy, 

Dec,  1863.  The  capital  was $7,950,700 

May,  1864.  It  was  increased  for  other  lines  bought 2,116,200 

1866.  For  stock  dividends  declared 10,066,900 

1866.  For  the  purchase  of  consolidated  lines,  ineludins  $11,000,000 

of  stock  issued  to  these  lines  as  stock  dividend 20,929, 300 

41,063,100 
Less  stock  owned  by  the  company 494,800 

•  

40, 568, 300 
1866.  The  bonded  debt  was 4,634,100 

Total  liabiUties 45,202,400 

Of  this  capital  and  debt  considerably  over  one-half,  or  about  $23,000,000  was  issued 
for  stock  dividends  between  January,  1864,  and  Jnly,  1866. 

May,  1874.  The  company  bought  over  $7,000,000  of  its  capital,  reducing 

the  outstanding  capital  to $33,785,000 

1874.  The  bended  debt  was  then 5,946,910 

Total  Ai«X)Vii\,\w : 39,731,910 


LETTER  OF   GARDINER  G.   HUBBARD 


339 


June,  1878.  The  oatotanding  capital  was 35,068,575 

A  Block  dividend iraa  declared  of 5,960,606 

1881.  A  stock  dividend  waa  declared  of 15,526,590 

A  stock  dividend  was  declared  as  a  dividend  of  capital  for 
the  stock  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company, 

then  owned  by  the  Western  Union,  to  the  amount  of. ... .  4, 320, 000 
Its  stock  was  also  issued  in  exchange  for  the  remaining  stock 

of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 4,060,000 

Stock  for  pnrchaseof  American  Union  lines 15,000,000 

Stock  owned  by  the  company,  |20,172  sundries,  t^,055 44, 227 

Total  capital 80,000,000 

LUOBS  OF  COlfPANIBS  LSA8BD  TO  THB  WESTBBlf  UmON,  THB  TBABLT  BXMTAL,  AND 
THB  VALUX  OF  8AMB  OAPITALIZSD  AT  AN  INTBBK8T  OF  6  PBB  CBNT. 

Mntnal  Union,  rental  of  Unes  at  $450,000 17,500,000 

Northwestern  Telegraph  Companv,  rental  of  lines  at  $110,000 
a  year,  increasing  every  year  £>r  thirteen  years  until  it 

amounts  to  $150.000 2,500,000 

Caton  lines,  rental  of  lines $87,000 1,500,000 

Bonded  debt 5,964,200 

$17,464,200 

American  cables,  rental  of  lines  $700,000  and  certain  oiBoe  expenses 11, 700, 000 

Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company,  rental  of  lines  $300,000 5,000,000 

Cuba  cables,  rental  of  lines  $180,000 3,000,000 

Total  of  rentals,  capitalised  and  debt 37, 164,200 

Stock  capital 80,000,000 

Total  Uabilities  1883 ^ 117,164,200 

* 
Some  of  the  shares  of  the  Caton  lines  of  the  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Company  and 
Cuba  cables  are  owned  by  the  Western  Union,  on  which  it  receives  the  divi^nd,  but 
there  are  other  lines  not  enumerated  above  on  which  it  pays  rentals,  which  would 
make  the  total  liabilities  somewhat  larger  than  above. 

The  total  liabilities  June  30,  1880,  were $47,100,000 

Increase  in  three  years 70,064,000 

Total  liabilities  June  30, 1883 117,164,000 

Tablb  C.—lhlegraph  rate$  firom  Waakk^gton  to  the  rmidence  of  eaok  of  the  mmiiibet$  of  ike 
Houoe  Committee  on  PoeUQgtoee  amd  PoeUBoade  tmder  ike  Weetem  Union  and  Foetal 
Telegrapk  e^fiteme, 

APRIL,  1884. 


Name  of  place. 


Winooa,  lilis. 

Fori  Smith,  Ark 

Hendenon,  Tex 

IndianapoUa,  Ind 

Sparta,  Ga 

BoonvlUe,  Ho 

Winoheater,  HI 

Lexington,  Tenn 

imi^pbia,Pa 

Akron,  Ohio 

Watertown,  N.  Y 

Blue  Barth  Ci^,  Minn 

Ifaaohester.  Ky 

Gallipolis,  Ohio 

Lafcyette,  Ind 

Utah. 


Wettem 
Union 
rates. 

Kight 
ratea. 

10  75 

10  50 

75 

50 

1  00 

60 

50 

85 

00 

40 

75 

50 

00 

40 

50 

85 

15 

15 

50 

85 

85 

25 

1  00 

64 

50 

85 

50 

85 

50 

85 

100 

00 

996 

088 

Poetal 

Triegra|ih 

ratea. 


10  25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
15 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
50 

4  15 


Average  by  Western  Union,  day  rates.  .02 ;  night  rates,  ,42  f^. 
Postaftelegraph,  day  rates,  .2S&;  night  rates,  .25. 
Beduction  under  postal  system,  .321 ;  night  rates,  .176. 


340 


LETTER  OF  GARDINEB  G.  HUBBABD. 


Telegraph  rates  Western  Union  Telegraph,  day  and  night,  from  Washington  to  ths  rtH- 
denee  of  each  of  the  members  of  the  Senate  Committee  on  PosUOfflces  and  Post-Roods, 


Day.     I   Night. 


Washington  to— 
Denver,  Colo... 
Fairfield,  Iowa. 

Paris,  Tex 

Jackson,  Tenn. 
Elkton,  Md.... 
Detroit.  Mich.. 
Oahkosb,  Wis  . 
Petersborc,  Ya 
Dover,  Del 


10  word*. 


to  75 
50 
75 
75 
20 
35 
50 
25 
20 


4  25 


Average  rates,  by  day,  64  cents ;  by  night,  47  cents. 

Telegraph  rates*  day  and  night.  Western  Unkm  Telegraph,  from  Washington  to  (Jk«  residence 
of  each  member  of  the  Senate  and  Mouse  Committees  on  Appn^riations, 


Washington  to — 

Dubaqae,Iowa 

Chicago,  111 

Pittsfleld,  Mass 

Smporia.  Kans 

Ellsworth,  Me 

Lexington,  Ky 

Weldon,  N.  CT. 

Warrensborg,  Mo 

Jacksonville,  Fla ■, 

Houn. 

Washington  to — 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Jacksonville,  Fa *.... 

New  Orleans,  La 

Anrnra,  In<d ......................... 

Austin,  Tex 

Shawneetown,  111 

Kingsbridge,  N.  Y 

Cindnnati,  Ohio 

Saint  Joseph.  Mo 

Springfield,  Ohio 

.Danv&^ 

Topeka,!Eans 

LaPorte.Ind 

Ea«t  Sai^w,  Mich , 

Minneapolis,  Minn 


lOwordt. 

10.50 
50 
50 
I  00 
50 
50 
50 
75 
75 


15 
75 
60 
50 
06 
60 
40 
40 
60 
40 
50 
60 
50 
75 
75 


Kight. 


14  00 


10  vonit. 

One-third. 
Do. 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Do. 
Da 
Da 
Da 


Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 
Da 


Average  day  rate,  58  cental 


INDEX. 


Pacew 

Remarka  of  Hod.  George  F.  Edmonds .' 3 

Statement  of  Norvin  Green 13 

Argument  of  Hon.  William  M.  Evarts 29 

Statement  of  Gardiner  G.  Hubbard 51 

Appendix.    Extracts  from  newspapers 71 

Statement  of  Baltimore  and  Ohio  officials 119 

Brief  of  the  Postal  Telegraph  and  Cable  Company 145 

Statement  of  Henry  Day,  executor 149 

Brief  of  Bankers  and  Merchants'  Telegraph  Company 163 

TestimonyofW.  P.  Phillips 165 

Testimony  of  John  Van  Home 185 

Testimony  of  Norvin  Green 197 

Testimony  of  Colin  Fox 249 

Testimony  of  H.  8.  Smith ^ 267 

Testimony  of  E.  R.  Chapman 263 

Testimony  of  John  C.  Van  Duzer 273 

Testimony  of  A.  P.  Swineford 279 

Testimony  of  Lloyd  Brezee 283 

Testimony  of  William  Henry  Smith 287 

Appendix.    Associated  Press  contracts 317 

Statement  of  George  D.  Roberts 323 

Letter  of  Gardiner  G.Hubbard 331 

341 

o    . 


i 


48th  Congress,  I  SENATE.  i  Report 

««/  Session.       J  '        )  No.  578. 


IN  THE  SENATE  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Mat  27,  1884.— Ordered  to  be  printed. 


Mr.  Sherman,  from  the  Committee  on  Finance,  submitted  the  following 

REPORT: 

[To  aocompany  bill  S.  344.  ] 

• 

The  Committee  on  Finance,  to  which  was  referred  the  bill  (S.  344)  ^<  to 
tegnlate  the  payment  of  biUs  of  exchange  drawn  in  foreigii  coantries 
on  persons,  firms,  companies,  or  corporations  in  the  United  States,  where 
the  amount  to  be  paid  is  named  in  foreign  coins,"  reports  that  the 
necessity  of  the  passage  of  this  bill  grows  out  of  the  construction  placed 
by  bankers  and  dealers  in  exchange  on  section  3564  Bevised  Statutes, 
upon  a  strict  construction  of  which  they  hold  that  it  applies  only  to 
coin  presented  to,  and  not  to  bills  of  exchange  drawn  on,  bankers  in  the 
United  States  by  foreigners  and  parties  doing  business  abroad.  The 
committee  is  advised  that  such  bills  are  usually  paid  less  a  discount  of 
the  rate  of  exchange  current  on  the  day  that  pajrment  is  to  be  made, 
and  in  many  cases  advantage  is  taken  of  the  ignorance  of  the  payee  to 
charge  also  a  commission,  in  some  cases  reducing  the  amount  to  be  paid 
two  or  three  per  cent. 

As  the  law  fixes  the  value  at  which  foreign  coin  is  taken  at  the  Mint, 
it  is  deemed  right  and  just  that  on  the  bills  of  exchange  hereafter 
drawn  and  paid,  the  banker  or  payor  should  be  required  to  pay  in  lawful 
money  of  the  United  States,  without  any  deduction  or  charge  whatever, 
at  the  standard  value  of  the  foreign  coin  in  which  they  are  payable,  an- 
nually fixed  in  pursuance  of  law  by  the  Director  of  the  Mint,  and  pro- 
claimed by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  committee,  therefore,  recommends  the  passage  of  the  bill. 


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