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■7 806 094
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THE
EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS
OF THB
HOTTSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FOB THB
THIBO SESSION OF THB PIFTY-THIED OONGBESS.
1894-95.
ITSr THIRTY-FIVE VOXtUMES,
WASHINGTON:
CK)VEBNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1895.
]
J\ . Yoc^qo
INDEX TO EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS OF HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES.
Fifty-third CangresA, Third SessioiL
CONTENTS OF THE VOLUMES.
Vol. I. MKSSiLGK OF THK PRKSIDENT AND FOREIGN KeULTIONS: No. 1, pt. 1.
Vol. 2. — Appendix I to Foreign Uelations: No. 1, pt. 1.
Vol. 3. Appendix II to Foreign Relations : No. 1, pt. 1.
Vol. 4. — Rkport of thr Skcrbtart of War, 1894: No. 1, pt.2, vol. 1.
Vol. 5. Report of the Chief of Engineers: No. 1, pt. 2, vol. 2, pt. 1.
Vol. 6. Report of the Chief of Engineers: No. 1, pt. 2, vol. 2, pt. 2.
YqI^ 7, Report of the Chief of Engineers: No. 1, pt. 2, vol. 2, pt. 3.
Vol. 8. RexM>rt of the Chief of Engineers : No. 1; pt. 2, vol. 2, pt. 4.
Vol. 9- Report of the Chief of Engineers : No. 1, pt. 2, vol. 2, pt. 5.
Vol. 10. Report of the Chief of Engineers: No. 1, pt. 2, vol. 2, pt. 6.
Vol. 11. Report of the Chief of Onlnance: No. 1, pt. 2, vol. 3.
Vol. 12. Rfport of the Secretary of the Navy, 1894: No. 1, pt.3.
Vol. 13. Report of the Postmaster-General, 1894: No. 1, pt. 4.
Yj,! x4 Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 1894 : No. 1, pt. 5, vol. 1.
Vol.* 15!— " " '* '' . " " No. 1, pt. 5, vol. 2.
Vol.16.- " " " " '' " No.l,pt.5,vol.3.
Vol. 17- Report of the Director of the Geological Survey : No. 1, pt. 5, vol. 4.
Vol- 18. Report of the Commissioner of Education : No. 1, pt. 5, vol. 5.
Vol. 19.-^Rkport of the Secretary ok Agriculture, 1894: No. l,pt. 6.
Vol! 20. Report of Commissioners of District of Columbia, 1894 : No. 1, pt. 7.
Vol. 21. No- 2 : Finance Report, 1894.
Vol 22. ^No- 3, pt- 1' Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, 1894.
Vol 23 No. 3, pt* 2: Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, 1894.
if ol 24 "SO' 4 : Internal Revenue.
Vol. 25.— No«- ^' ^^' ^^^' *°^ ^^*
y t 2B No. 6, pta. 1 and 2: Commerce and Navigation.
y J 27 No. 7 " Report of the Attorney- General.
,, j' 00 Xos. 8 to 150, inclusive, except Nos. 13, 15,92, 100, and 110.
~ ' 29 No. IS: Statistical Abstract.
Vol 30.-— ^<>' ^^ • ^^^ ^^ Metals.
y ' o<'___Xo. 100 : Columbian Historical Exposition.
yQl's2' Tf<f»' ^^^ to 257, inclusive.
Yf^l' Ssl No»- 2&9 to 353, inclusive.
I* oj '__I^o- 3^ - Eighth Special Labor Report.
V I ' ^ — No. 355 = Agricultural Yearbook.
Vol. €>&- V|*
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
Sabject.
No.
Vol.
A.
ibeeeon Inlet, Neir Jersey, preliminary examination of locality inside
Icooontini; offioere, elaims allowed by ,
^ricnltural Yearbook
Mligator River, North Carolina, enrvey of
Allooez Hay, Wisconein, earvej of
AlMft River, Ore^n, surveyor
American Republics, Bareau of ,
incloie River, Florida, preliminary examination of
Anderson, John
Appropriations :
Annual estimates of
Urcent deficiencies
Deiicienciee
Aidmore, Ind. T., expenses of United States courts at
Assistant attorney, amendins estimates to pay salaries of
^'Asylnm L»ot," Pasca^oula Say, Mississippi^ sale of
Attorney-General, communications from :
Annaal report of
Friend, J. S
Guthrie, Okla., purchase of building in
Indian depredation cases
Judgments against the United States
Auditor of the Treasury, Office of:
Improvement of
Additional clerks in
B.
Baek River, Virginia, preliminary survey of Harris Creek prong of
Bad River, Michigan, preliminary examination of
Baltimore, Md., additional clerk in office of assistant treasurer at
Baltimore Harbor, Maryland, survey of
Baton Rouge Harbor, LoniBiana, preliminary examination of
Bayou Bonfuca, Louisiana, preliminary examination of
Bayou Castor, Louisiana, preliminary examination of
Bayou Dngdemona, Louisiana, preliminary examination of
Bayou Sara Harbor, Louisiana, preliminary examination of
Bayou Teche, Louisiana, preliminary examination of
Beetsngar. T^fe Sugar.)
Beaufort, S. C, and Savannah, Ga., channel, survey of
BeUin^bam Bay, Washington, preliminary examination of
Benedict, R. D., services rendered by
Bering Sea:
Controversy, correspondence touching
Estimate of appropriation to pay claims relating to
Tribunal, information relating to
Big Coal River, West Virginia, preliminary examination of
Big Stone Lake, Minnesota, preliminary examination of
Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut, preliminary examination of
Bosrd of Ordnance and Fortitication, report of
Bogus Falia, Louisiana, preliminary examination of
Bonds, issue of, arrangqinents for J
Brazos Santiai^o Harbor and Bar, Texas, preliminary examination of. ..
7
143
203
245
259
95
278
175
232
260
57
71
273
303
801
63
272
295
228
121
132
310
243
82
256
46
136
274
119
291
140
79
28
234
32
355
35
297
33
172
32
235
32
116
28
16)
32
280
33
5
25
13
25
258
25
168
32
178
32
114
28
27
28
33
32
33
33
28
28
33
33
3:^
28
33
33
32
28
28
33
32
28
32
28
28
33
28
33
28
VI
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
Subject*
Bristol Township^acks Coanty, Ph., sale of Goveminent property in..
Broadkilu River, Delaware, preliminary examination of
Bucksbiitem Creek, New Jersey, preliminary examination of
Bnreau of American Republics, continuance of
Bureau of Engraving and Printing, appropriation for outbuildings 5
for I
Bureau of Statistics, report of cbief of, on immigration and passenger
movement, and commerce and navigation [Parts 1 and 2] . .
Byram Harbor, Connecticut, preliminary examination of
C.
Cahoons life-saving station, reimbursement of crew of
California D6bris Commission, report of
Cape Canaveral Harbor, Florida, survey of
Cape Charles, from Franklin City, Va., waterway to, preliminary
examination of
Cape Lookout Harbor, North Carolina, preliminary examination of
Cape Porpoise Harbor, Maine, preliminary examination of
Carnot, Madame, reHolutions of Congress to
Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, Florida, preliminary examination of
Carrls River, New York, preliminary examination of
Carvers Harbor, Maine, survey of
Cathead Point, Michigan, appropriation for fog signal at
Chapel Point Harbor, Maryland, preliminary examination of
Charleston, S. C, public building at, additional appropriation for
Chatham New Harbor, Massachusetts, preliminary examination of
Chefnncte River, Louisiana, preliminary examination of
Chelsea River, Massachusetts, survey of
Cherokee Indians, moneys due
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, relative to route for
Chief of En;;ineerB. (<See Engineers.)
Chief of Ordnance. {See Ordnance.)
Chinese exclusion law, appropriation for enforcement of
Chippewa Indians in Minnesota, relief of
Christiana River, Delaware, preliminary examination of ^
Civil Service Commission, estimate of appropriation for
Civilian engineers, names of
Claiborne Harbor, Maryland, preliminary examination of
Clallam Bay, Washington, preliminary examination of
Clinton River, Michigan, preliminary examination of
Cloquet River, dam across
Coast and Geodetic Survey :
Appropriation for
Extra engravers in, for relief
Statement of expenditures of, for 1894
Cold Spring Harbor, New York, preliminary examination of
Colli Spring Inlet, New Jersey, preliminary examination of
Colorado River, Texas, preliminary examination of
Columbia Arseiml, Tenn. , appropriation for
Columbian Historical Exposition
Commerce and navigation (in two parts)
Commissioner of Education. (^>e Education.)
Commissioners of the District of Columbia, annual report of [No. 1,
part?]
Commisnioner of Indian Affairs, revised estimate for salaries of office of.
Comptroller of the Currency :
Annual report of, 1894 [No. 3, part 1]
Annual rei)ort of. on national banks, 1894 [No. 3, part 2]
Convery, Cornelins P., postmaster at Perth Amboy, N. J., for relief..
Cooper Creek, New Jersey, survey of *
Coos River, Oregon, survey of
Counterfeiting, appropriation for suppressing
Court of Claims :
Judgments of, list of, and appropriation for
Indiaa depredation cases, judgments of
17
70
42
116
150
241
6
23
244
11
321
Vol.
106
307
74
85
125
61
226
184
137
149
248
324
43
33
141
204
100
6
28
28
28
28
32
32
26
28
32
28
33
83
28
319
33
22
28
131
28
328
33
40
28
304
33
93
28
135
28
294
33
69
28
274
33
162
32
182
32
102
28
28
33
28
28
28
28
32
32
28
28
32
33
28
28
28
32
31
26
20
28
22
23
32
32
32
33
33
33
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
VII
Subject.
Coarts of United States, estimate of deficiencies iu, appropriations for.
Cnoes Creek, Virginia, survey of
Crescent Oity Harbor, California, survey of
Crystal River, Florida, preliminary examination of
CnrrsD, J ames ( postmaster at Hoboken, N. J. )f for relief
Customs, estimate of appropriation for collecting
Customs duties, refunds of
Cofttonis inspectors quarters, bill relating to
Customs ofiBcers, emolnmeutsof
Customs servicey report on payments of moieties to informers, etc., in. .
D.
Decisions under the tariff and navigation laws, printing
Deep Creek Branch (Elizabeth River), Virginia, preliminary examina-
tion of
Delaware River, preliminary examination of
Dennis Cree^, New Jersey, preliminary examination of . . .t
Department of Agriculture, expenditures in
Department of the Interior. {See Interior Department.)
Department of Justice, deficiency appropriation
District of Columbia:
Report of Commissioners of [No. 1, part 7] . .
Estimate of deficiency in appropriations for public schools in
Compiling laws of
Deficiency appropriations, estimates of j
Drum Inlet, North Carolina, preliminary examination of
Dolath, Minn., preliminary survey of harbor of
Dmikirk Harbor, New York, preliminary examination of
£.
East Boston Channel, Massachusetts, preliminary examination of
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, ^estimate of appropriation for
removal of
Echo Bay, New York, preliminary examination of
Eckert, Jacob
Ecuador and United States, convention between, appropriation to carry
into effect
Education, annual report on (No. 1, part 5), vol. 5
Elizabeth River, New Jersey, preliminary examination of
Elk River, West Virginia, preliminary examination of j
Engineers, report of Chief of, 6 volumes
Engineers, civilian, names of, engaged in river and harbor work
Enlisted men of Navy, petitions of <
Entries on pnblic lands, list of
Evaoft, C. R., relief of
Explosives, report on high and low
F.
Fall River, Mass., preliminary examination of harbor of, and of Mount
Hope Bay 345 33
Feather River, California, preliminary examination of 53 28
a For speciflcstion of number, part, volume, and itartof volame, see "Contents of volumes" in
frmtice.
223
320
231
157
201
287
311
267
263
190
311
154
151
191
8
308
270
16
41
67
97
(a)
125
87
89
97
101
108
120
124
145
195
286
281
170
181
Vol.
32
33
32
32
32
33
33
33
33
32
33
32
32
82
28
33
33
28
20
33
28
33
33
33
28
28
28
33
28
33
28
18
28
28
28
5-10
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
32
33
S3
32
32
VIU
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
Subject.
Finance report
Finances, national, condition of
Five Civilized Tribes. (See Indian Territory.)
Flag Lake and Flag River, Wisconsin, preliminary examination of
Flint River, Michigan, preliminary examination of
Foreign relations 1 [No. 1, part 1] .
Appendix I [No. 1, part 1] .
Appendix II [No. 1, part 1] .
Forked Deer River, Tennessee, survey of
Fort Dodge, Iowa, estimate for additional room in post-office building
at
No.
Vol.
Fort Snelling, Minn., estimates, etc., for erection of a new post hos-
pital at
Fort Wayne military post, estimate of appropriation for enlarging
grounds at
Fourth of July claims, list of
Franklin City to Cape Charles, Va., waterway from, preliminary exami-
nation of '.
Friend, J. S
Fur-seal industry of Alaska
Fur seal, information relating to :
G.
General Land Office, estimate of appropriation for
Geological Survey, annual report of Director of (No. 1, part 5), vol. 4
Georgiana River, California, preliminary examination of
Gettysburg, marking battle lines
Glen Cove Harbor, Maine, preliminary examination of
Gordon, J. B .'..
Grassy Island Range, Michigan, building for keeper of
Gravesend Bay, New York, preliminary examination of
Great Wicomico River, Virginia, preliminary examination of
Greenport Harbor, New Yonc, preliminary examination of
Greenwich Harbor, Connecticut, preliminary examination of
Greer County, Tex j
Guadalupe River, Texas, preliminary examination of
Guthrie, Okla., purchase of building in
Guyandotte River, West Virginia, preliminary examination of
H.
Harris Creek prong of Back River, Virginia, preliminary survey of....
Hawaiian Islands, insuiTection in, information concerning
Hempstead Harbor, New York, preliminary examination of
Hooas Canal, Washington, preliminary examination of
Horn Island Pass Bar, Mississippi, preliminary examination of
Hunting Creek, Virginia, preliminary examination of .^
I.
Immigration and passenger movement at United States ports. [Part 2] .
Immigration service, plan for organization of
Imports and exports, bill to print, draft of
Indian Affairs, Commissioner of, revised estimate for salaries in office of.
Indian agents, appropriation for pay of
Indian depredation cases, jud^ents of Court of Claims in
Indian office salaries, appropriation for
Indian police service, deficiency in appropriation for
Indian schools :
Contract, discontinuance of
Superintendent of, salary of clerk to
Indian Territory :
Relative to cost of surveying lands of the Five Civilized Tribes in. <
United States courts at Ardmore and South MoAlester^ expenses of.
2
257
65
232
156
220
174
210
277
• 83
143
133
306
146
72
165
47
170
88
31
105
44
25
269
155
203
39
175
282
163
240
104
64
6
206
289
119
207
245
209
147
107
109
144
252
168
INDEX TO_ HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
IX
Subject.
Ifldiui tribes, appropriation for interest on nunpaying State stock
held by -
loterior Department :
Contingent expenaes of
Relative to printing bill omitting to authorize certain printing for
Indian department of
Appropriation for clerical force
Internal Revenue:
fieport of Commissioner of
Keport of payment of moieties to informers, etc., in
Ins River, Wisconsin, preliminary examination of
Inwleqaoit Bay and Lake Ontario Channel, preliminary examination of.
Inoton, Ohio^ preliminary examination of harbor at
Imeof bonds, arrangements for.
J.
Jtfbon Creeky Virginia, preliminary examination of
Judgments of Court of Claims, list of, and appropriation for.
Jndsnients of Court of Claims in Indian depredation cases. . .
Judgments against United States
K.
KsUmazoo River, Michigan, preliminary snr\'ey of. .
Kawkawlin River, Michigan, preliminary survey of.
Kootenai River, Idaho, survey of
L.
Labor, eighth special report on
La Crosse Harbor, Wisconsin, preliminaiy examination of
Lickmg River, Keptucky , preliminary examination of
Little Coal River, West Virginia, preliminary examination of
Little Kanawha River, West Yirgiuia, preliminary examination of. ..:
Little River, Arkansas, preliminary examination of
Little Wicomico River, Virginia, preliminary examination of
Lnmberton Branch (Rancocas River), New Jersey, preliminary exami-
nation of
Lyons Creek, Virginia, preliminary examination of
M.
Machias River Channel, Maine, survey of
Macmaster, Donald, services rendered by
Mahon River, Delaware, preliminary examination of
Manchester Harbor, Massachusetts, preliminary examination of
katitna Creek, New Jersey, preliminary examination of
Metals, tests of
Milford Haven, Va. survey of
Military Academy buildings and grounds, appropriation for
Miller, D.B
Miller, Roberto...-
kilton Harbor, New York, preliminary examination of
Minnesota River, preliminary examination of
MiMion Indians, California, counsel for, appropriation for
Mississippi River (east bank from Warsaw to Quincy), preliminary sur-
vey of
Mississippi River (west bank from Flink Creek to Iowa River), survey
of
Minissiquoi River, Vermont, preliminary examination of
Mitaouri River, preliminary' examination of
Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound Canal, survey for
Monongahela River, relative to the locks and dams in
Moont Hope BBy and harbor of Fall River, Mass., preliminary examina-
tion of ;
Monday, Charlea F
10
262
118
4
190
65
300
212
119
291
Vol.
32
28
33
28
24
32
28
28
32
28
38
26
28
283
33
245
32
259
33
199
32
183
32
233
32
354
34
78
28
60
28
82
28
98
28
290 1
33
24 1
28
36;
28
139
1
28
253
32
171
32
35
28
49
28
66
28
92
30
299
33
96
28
177
32
280
33
28
28
271
33
169
32
111
28
161
32
19
28
48
28
134
28
249
32
345
33
193
32
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
Subject.
N.
Nanticoke River, Delaware, survey at
Napa River, California, preliminary examination of
National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (Paciiio Branch), appro-
priation for
National Museum, appropriation for rent of "workshops and storage for.
Navajo Indians, estimate for relief of ^
Navigation laws, decisions under, for printing
Navy Department :
Contingent expenses of
Enlisted men on retired list, petitions relating to.
List of employees in
Nestncca River, Oregon, survey of
New Roche] le Harbor, New York, preliminary examination of
Newton Creek (West Branch), New York, preliminary examination of..
Nooksack River, Washington, survey of
North Carolina, appropriation for survey of certain land in
North East (Cape Fear) River, North Carolina, survey of
North River and Beaufort Harbor waterway, preliminary examination
of
Noxubee River, Mi8si8six)pi, preliminary examination of
O.
O'Brien, William J
Oconto River, Wisconsin, preliminary examination of
Okanogan River, Washington, preliminary examination of
Oklahoma, delay in opening certain lands in
Oklahoma jnages, appropriation for expenses of
Ordnance, report of Chief of
Or<lnanco and Fortification, Board of, report of
P.
Parkers Head Harbor and Channel, Maine, preliminary examination of.
Patent Office:
Classification in, appropriation for
Deficiency appropriation
Peekskill Harbor, New I'ork, preliminary examination of
Pensioners, deceased, relating to expenses of last sickness and burial of.
Peralta-Reavis against The United States, appropriation for fees and
expenses in suit of
Plymouth Harbor, Massachusetts, preliminary examination of
Pocomoke River and Indian River Canal, preliminary examination uf..
Port Chester Harbor, New York, preliminary examination of
Port Orford, Oreg.. survej' at
Postmaster-General, communications from :
Annual report of [No. l,part 4].
Con very, Cornelius P
Curran, James, Hoboken, N. J
President of United States, communications from:
Annual message of
Finances, national, condition of
Hawaiian Islands, insurrection in
Issue of bonds
Eckort, Jacob
No.
Vol.
323
33
127
28
113
28
84
28
192
32
311
33
250
32
87
28
89
28
97
28
101
28
120
28
124
28
145
28
195
32
286
33
261
33
224
32
38
28
32
28
276
33
148
28
322
33
302
33
103
28
280
32
54
28
238
32
222
32
247
32
(a)
11
136
28
21
255
309
37
123
285
50
80
45
313
173
201
1
257
282
291
326
a Fur specification of number, part, volume, and part of volume, see "Contents of volumes*' in
ftontice.
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
XI
Sabject.
nblic bnildmgSy appropriation for care of
ablic groandSy appropriation for caro of.
nblic landSy entries on, list of
DMie printini^ and binding, deficiency appropriation for.
uyaUap Indian commisaiou, appropriation for
jMBtico Creek, Virgiuia, preliminary examination of
^uacy h&y, lllinoia, preliminary examination of ,
R.
UhTftv River, New Jersey, preliminary examination of
iUiicseaa River, New Jersey, preliminary examination of . . .
liriJan Bay, Ne\r Jersey,* survey of
feeripts and expenditures, annual report on
cfoods of customs duties
ieiiArdson, George '
ivers and harbors, names of civilian engineers engaged on
ock Hall Harbor, Maryland, survey of
>ck Island Arsenal, estimate of appropriation for
lek Island bridge, Rock Island, 111., removal of
lyals River, Maine, preliminary examination of
Vol.
S.
i. Johns Biver, Florida, preliminary survey of
^ Lonis Ri ver, dam across J
» Lucia River and Inlet, Florida, preliminary examination of
'■- Marys Falls Canal, report relating to commerce of
ibine Lake, Texas, preliminary examination of channel through
ikonnet River, Rhode Island, relative to stone bridge across
dem Hi ver. New Jersey, preliminary examination of
imoan Islands, interests in, protection of
ladusky Harbor, Ohio, improvement of
m Francisco Harbor, California, preliminary examination of
m Joaquin River, survey of
in Hafael Creek, California, preliminary examination of
laanoa River, Maine, survey of
ivannahy Ga., improvement of harbor of j
ivanoah River, Georgia, survey of
(eretary of Agriculture, communications from, annual rex)ort of [No.
1, parte]
lepartment of Agriculture, expenditures ii
M-retary of the Interior, communications from :
Annual report (No. 1, part 5), vol. 1 ,
Annual report (No. 1, part 6), vol. 2
Annual report (No. 1, part 6), vol. 3
Geological Survey (No. 1, part 5), vol. 4
Educational report (No. 1, part 5), vol. 5
Cherokee Nation, moneys clue
Contingent expenses of Department
Entries on public lands
Five Civilized Tribes, lauds of
Five Civilized Tribes, lands of, survey of
Interior Department, relative to printinu: bill omitting to author-
ize certain printing for Indian departmeut of
Indian schools, contract
Indian Territory, relative to cost of surveying lands of the Five
Civilized Tribes in
Oklahoma, opening certain lands in
Public lands, entries on
^retary of Navy, communications from:
Annual report, IS9A [No. 1, part 3]
8
182
10
281
252
144
262
107
252
222
281
32
33
33
33
32
32
28
28
28
33
25
32
28
28
32
32
28
28
33
28
32
28
32
32
28
32
28
28
32
28
28
28
28
19
28
14
15
16
17
18
32
28
33
32
28
33
28
32
32
33
12
I
xn
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIYE DOCUMENTS.
Subject.
Secretary of Navy, commanioations from — Continued.
Enlisted men on retired list, petition pertaining to.
No.
Navy Department :
LiHt of employees in
Contingent expenses of
Secretary of State, communications from :
Annual report on foreigu relations
Appendix 1 •
Appendix 2
American KepublicSy Bureau of
J3eriug Sea controversy ;
Camot, Madame, resolutions of Confess to
Secretary of the Treasury, communications from :
Annual report on finances
Accounting officers, claims allowed by
Anderson, Jobn
Appropriations :
Book of Estimates of '.....
Urgent deficiencies
Dehciencies
Ardmore, Ind. T., United States courts at
Assistant attorneys, amending estimates to pay salaries of
Auditor of the Treasury, Office of
• Auditor*s Office, additional clerks
Baltimore, Md., additional clerk in office of assistant treasurer at. .
Beet sugar, relative to number of claims filed, etc
Benedict, K. D
Bering Sea Tribunal
Bering Sea, isstimate of appropriation to pay claims relating to seal
controversy
Bristol Township, Bucks County, Pa
Bureau of Engraving and Printing, outbuildings <
' Cahoons life-saving station
Cathead Point, Michigan, fog signal at
Charleston, S.C., public building at
Chinese exclusion law
Civil Service Commission, estimates of, appropriations for
Claims, list of, allowed by accounting officers of the Treasury
Claims (Fourth of July)
Coast and Geodetic Survey
Extra engravers
Statement of expenditures of, for 1894
Columbia Arsenal, Teun
Commissioner of Indian Afiaira, salaries of, office of
Comptroller of Currency :
No. 3, part 1, report of 1894
No. 3, part 2, report of 1894 on national banks
Contingent expenses
Counterfeiting —
Court of Claims, judgments of
Courts of United States, estimate of deficiencies in appropriations
for
Customs, estimate of appropriation for collecting
Customs duties, refund of •-
Customs inspectors' quarters
87
89
97
101
108
120
124
145
195
286
261
250
Vol.
116
132
131
2
234
280
5
13
258
168
178
95
278
260
260
121
243
310
17
150
241
244
93
294
106
85
234
277
149
248
324
204
119
9
292
283
223
287
246
267
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
32
33
33
32
1
2
3
28
28
28
21
32
33
25
25
25
32
32
28
33
33
33
28
32
33
28
28
32
32
28
33
28
28
32
33
28
32
33
32
28
22
23
28
33
33
32
33
32
33
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
XIU
Snbjeot.
Secretory of the Treasary, commnnicationB from — Continued.
Ciutoiiw officers, emoliiniento of
Customs service, and internal revenue, report on payment of moie-
ties to informers, etc., in
Decinions under tariff and navigation laws, printing of
Department of Justice, deficiency appropriation
Diitrict of Columbia :
Compiling laws of
Deficiency apppropriations |
Estimate of deficiency in appropriation for public schools in . .
Eistem Band of Cherokee Indians, estimate of appropriation for
removal of
Eeaador and United States, convention between
Emoluments of customs offioers
Eogravers (extra) Coast and Geodetic Survey
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of, outbuildings <
Evans, C. R
Explosives, report on high and low •
Finance report
Fort Dodge, Iowa, estimate for additional room in post-office build-
ing at .•
Fort Wayne military post, estimate of appropriation to enlarge
grounds at '.
Fourth of July claims
Fur seals
Fur-seal industry of Alaska
General Land Office
Gett y sb urg battle 1 in es :
Gordon, J. B
Grassy Island Range, Michigan
Greer County, Tex
Immigration service
Imports and exports, drafb of bill to print
Indian Affairs, Commissioner of, salaries of office of
Indian agents, pay of.'
Indian Office, salaries
Indian police service
Indian Schools, Superintendent of
Indian Territory, relating to expenses of United States courts at
Ardmore
Indian tribes, interest belonging^ to
Interior Department, appropriation for
Internal revenue r^ort
Judgments of the Court of Claims
Land Office (General)
Macmaster, Donald
Military Academy buildings and grounds
Miller, Robert G., relief
Miller, D.B
Mission Indians, California, counsel for
Munday, Charles F
National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (Pacific Branch) . . .
National Museum, workshops and storage
Navajo Indians, estimate for relief of
Navigation and tariff laws, decisions under, printing of
North Carolina, survey of certain land in
O'Brien, William J
Officers of Treasury Department ,
Oklahoma judges
Patent Office:
Classification in
Deficiency appropriation for ,
No.
Vol.
263
33
190
32
311 1
33
308
33
270
33
16
28
129
28
288
33
305
33
314
33
312
33
86
28
263
33
248
32
150
28
241
32
170
32
181
32
2
21
220
32
210
32
277
33
306
33
133
28
146
28
165
32
170
32
88
28
269
33
206
32
289
33
119
28
207
32
209
32
147
28
109
28
168
32
138
28
118
28
4
24
283
33
146
28
171
32
96
28
280
33
177
32
169
32
193
32
113
28
84
28
192
32
311
33
148
28
280
33
94
28
247
32
255
32
309
33
XIV
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
Subject.
Secretary of the Treasary, oommunications from — Con tinned.
Pensioners, deceased
Peralta-Reavis suit against the United States
Printing and binding, public
Public grounds, care of
Puyallup Indian Commission
Receipts and expenditures, annual report on
Refunds of customs duties
Richardson, George
Rock Island Arsenal, estimate of appropriation for
Rock Island bridge, Rock Island, 111
Samoan Islands, interests in
Selover, Howard
Sioux Indians of Devils Lake, N. Dak
Smith, Converse J
Soldiers and sailors, relative to deficiencies in appropriations for
State and Territorial homes for
South McAlester, Ind. T., United States courts at
Statistical report of foreign countries
Supervising Architect of the Treasury, estimate of appropriation
for Office of
Tariff and navigation laws, decisions under, printing of
Topographic atlas
Treasury Department :
Officers
Contingent expenses
Relative to discharge of old soldiers from
Venezuela Transportation Company, commission
Warren, Winslo w, services rendered by
Winston & W inston, services rendered by
Yellowstone National Park, commissioner of
Yellowstone National Park
Secretary of War, communications from :
Annual report of 1894
Report of Chief of Engineers
Report of Chief of Ordnance
Absecon Inlet, New Jersey ".
Alligator River, North Carolina, survey of
Allouez Bay, Wisconsin
Alsea River, Oregon, survey of
Anclote River, Florida
'' Asylum Lot,'' Pascagoula Bay, Mississippi
Bad River, Michigan
Baltimore Harbor, Maryland
Baton Rouge Harbor, Louisiana j^
Bayou Bont'uca, Louisiana
Bayou Castor, Louisiana
Bayou Dugdemona, Louisiana ^
Bayou Sara Harbor, Louisiana
Bayou Teche, Louisiana
Beaufort, S. jC., and Savannah, Ga., channel
Bellingham Bay, Wasliington
Big Coal River, West Virginia
Big St<»ne I^ake, Minnesota
Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut
Bogue Falia, Louisiana
Brazos Santiago Harbor and Bar, Texas
Broadkiln River, Delaware
Buckshutem Creek, New Jersey
Byram Harbor, Connecticut
California D<^bris Commission
Cape Canaveral Harbor, Florida
Cape Charles, from Franklin City, waterway to
123
285
293
279
166
110
246
14
202
112
242
14
208
268
266
168
. 90
216
311
128
94
95
278
9
353
251
117
122
164
167
(a)
(a)
79
297
172
2X5
160
114
232
57
71
273
303
301
63
272
295
228
82
256
46
274
140
70
42
23
11
321
83
Vol.
28
33
33
33
32
25
32
28
32
28
32
28
32
33
33
32
28
32
33
28
28
28
33
28
33
32
28
28
32
32
4
5-10
11
28
33
32
32
32
28
32
28
28
33
33
33
28
33
33
32
28
32
28
33
28
28
28
28
^
33
28
a For speciftoation of number, part, volame, aod part of volume, see
rontico.
Contento of vol nines '* In
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
XV
Subject.
Seoetary of War, connnnnicatioiis from — Continaed.
Cape Lookout Harbor, North Carolina, preliminary examination of
Cape Porpoise Harbor, Maine
Carrabelle Bax and Harbor, Florida, preliminary snrvey of
Curls River, New York
Carver? Harbor, Maine
Cbapel Point Harbor, Maryland
Chatham New Harbor, Massachnsetts
Cbefancte River, Lioaisiana
Chel«ea River, Massachusetts, survey of
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal
Chippewa Indians in Minnesota
(^mstiana River, Delaware
Civilian engineers
Claiborne Harbor, Maryland
Clallam Bay, Washington, preliminary examination of
Clinton River, Michigan
Cloqnet River
Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Cold Spring Inlet, New Jersey
Colorado River, Texas
Contracts entered into by the War Department
Cooper Creek, New Jersey
Coos River. Oregon, survey of
Cranes Creek, Virginia
Crescent City Harbor, California, survey of
Crystal River, Florida
Deep Creek Branch (Elizabeth River), Virginia
Delaware River.... *
Dennis Creek, New Jersey
Drum Inlet, North Carolina :
Dulnth, Minn., preliminary survey of harbor of
Dunkirk Harbor, New York
East Boston Channel, Massachusetts
Echo Bav, New York
Elizabeth River, New Jersey
Elk River, West Virginia |
Engineers, civilian
Fall RiveirMass., preliminary examination of harbor of, and of
Monnt Hope Bay
Feather River. California
Flag Lake ana River, Wisconsin
Flint River, Michigan
Forked Deer River, Tennessee
Fort SneUing, Minn., isstiinnte, etc., for erection of a new post at. ..
Franklin City to Cape Charles, Va., waterway from
Georgiana River, California .•
Glen Cove Harbor, Maine
Gravescnd Bay, New York
Great Wicomico River, Virginia
Greenport Harbor, New York
Greenwich Harbor, .Connecticut
Guadalupe River, Texas
Guyandotte River, West Virginia
Harris Creek prong HackRiver, Virginia, preliminary examination of
Hempstead Harbor, New York
Hoods Canal, preliminary examination of
Horn Island Pass Bar, Mississippi
Hunting Creek, Virginia
Iron River, Wisconsin
Irondeqnoit Bay and Lake, Ontario Channel
Iron ton, Ohio, preliminary examination of harbor at
Jacksons Creek, Vir^nia
Kalamazoo River, Michigan, preliminary survey of
Kawkawlin River, Michigan, preliminary survey of
No.
Vol.
319
33
22
28
328
33
40
28
304
33
135
28
69
28
274
28
162
32
102
28
307
33
74
28
125
28
61
28
226
32
184
32
137
28
. 43
28
33
28
141
28
99
28
176
32
257
32
320
33
231
32
157
32
154
32
151
32
191
32
296
33
59
28
77
28
58
28
38
28
41
28
67
28
97
• 28
125
28
345
33
53
28
65
28
232
32
156
32
174
32
83
28
72
28
47
28
31
28
105
28
44
28
25
28
155
32
39
28
175
32
163
32
240
32
104
28
64
28
65
28
300
33
212
32
26
28
199
32
183
32
XVI
INDEX TO HOUSE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS.
Sobjeot.
Secretary of War, commnDioations from — Continued.
Kootenai River, Idaho
" La Crosse Harbor, Wisconsin -. .
Licking River, Kentucky
Little Coal River, West Virginia, preliminary examination of.
Little Kanawha River, West Virginia
Little River, Arkansas
Little Wicomico River, Virginia. . . ,
Lnmberton Branch (Rancocas River), New Jersey
Lyons Creek, Virginia
Machias River Channel, Maine
Mahon River, Delaware
Manchester Harbor, Massachusetts ^
Mantua Creek, New Jersey
Milford Haven, Va., survey of
Milton Harbor, New Vork
Minnesota River
Mississippi River (east bank from Warsaw to Quincy)
(west bank from mouth of Flint Creek to Iowa
River)
Mississiqnoi River, Vermont
Missouri River
Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound Canal
Monongabela River, relative to the locks and dams in
Mount Hope Bay ana harbor of Fall River, Mass., preliminary exam-
ination of. . .^
Napa River, California
Nanticoke River, Delaware
Nestucca River, Oregon :
New Rochelle Harbor, New York
Nooksack River, Washington, survey of . . .'.
North East (Cape Fear) River, North Carolina
North River and Beaufort Harbor waterway
Noxubee River, Mississippi
Oconto River, Wisconsin
Okanogan River, Washington
Ordnance and Fortification, Board of, report of ,
Parkers Head Harbor and Channel, Maine
Peekskill Harbor, New York
Plymouth Harbor, Massachusetts
Pocomoke River aud Indian River Canal
Port Chester Harbor, New York ,
Port Orford, Oreg
Public buildings, care of
Quantico Creek, Virginia
Quincy Bay, Illinois ,
Rahway River, New Jersey
Rancocas River, New Jersey « ,
Raritan Bay, New Jersey ,
Rock Hall Harbor, Maryland
Royals River, Maine
Sabine Lake, Texas ,
St. Johns River, Florida, preliminary survey of
St. Louis River
St. Lucia Inlet and River, Florida
St. Marys Falls Canal, report relative to commerce of
Sakonnet River, Rhode Island, relative to stone bridge across
Salem River, New Jersey
Sandusky Harbor, Ohio
San Francisco Harbor, California
San Joaquin River (Old River Branch)
San Rafael Creek, California, preliminary examination of
Sasanoa River, Maine, survey of
Savannah, Ga., improvement of harbor of
Savannah River, Georgia
Shark River, New Jersey
Shiawassee River, Michigan -.
South Creek, North Carolina
Vol.
233
78
60
82
98
290
24
36
139
253
35
40
66
299
28
271
111
161
19
48
134
249
345
127
323
224
38
276
322
302
103
54
238
136
21
37
^0
80
45
313
254
153
52
30
76
298
200
20
275
847
137
159
130
239
34
91
51
225
126
142
115
56
73
232
221
32
28
28
28
28
33
28
28
28
32
28
28
28
33
28
33
28
32
28
28
28
32
33
28
33
32
28
33
33
33
28
28
32
28
28
28
28
28
28
33
32
32
28
28
28
33
32
28
33
33
28
32
28
32
28
28
28
32
28
28
28
28
28
32
32
IKD£X TO HOUSE EXECUTIVB DOCUMENTS.
xvn
Subject.
fiietory of War, commnnications from— Continned.
Sprmgfield Armory
Sfiiaiin Creeky CaUfomia
Siiiqnebaiina River, Pennsylyania
Tampa Bay, Florida
TitSiYer, North Carolina
TV^&w River, LoaiBiana
Tkmnta River, Pennsylvania
Tittibawaasee River, Michigan, preliminary survey of
Itegne River, Montana
UiiDqna River, Oregon ;
Waadington, N. Y., preliminary survey of harbor of
War Department :
Annual report on property leased by
Annual report on contracts
Ware River, V irginia '
Washington Aqueduct
West Branch (Newton Creek;, New York
West Haven Harbor, Connecticut
West River Harbor, Connecticut
Whitefisb River, Michigan
Withlacoochee River, Florida
Woodsbarg Channel, Hempstead Bay, New York 1
Yaqnina Bay, Oregon
idover, Howard, for relief of
huk River, New Jersey, preliminary examination of
hiawaseee River, Michigan, preliminary examination of
Una. Indians of Devils Lake, N. Dak., appropriation for
taiitb. Converse J., expenses incurred by *.
oldjera and sailors, relative to deficiencies in appropriation for State
and Territorial homes for
Mitii Creek, North Carolina, preliminary examination of
oath McAlester, Ind. T., expenses of United States courts at.
prhigfield Aimory , expenditures at
tatistical abstract, 1894
tatistioal abstract of foreign countries
Bear, relative to number of claims for bounty on beet sugar, etc
a&un Creek, California, preliminary examination of
iiperior. Wis. , prelimina^ survey of harbor of
Bpervising Architect of tne Treasury, estimates of appropriation for
Office of
Dsquehanna River, Pennsylvania, preliminary examination of
T.
ainpaBay, Florida, preliminary examination of
arin laws, decision under, for printing
ar River, North Carolina, preliminary examination of
^stsof metaJs
ickfaw River, Louisiana, preliminary examination of
ionesta River, Pennsylvania^ preliminary examination of
oDgue River, Montana, preliminary examination of
opographic atlas, appropriation for distributing
Veasnry Department:
Contingent expenses of.
Officers of, draft of bill to compensate
Relating to officers of, etc <
Relative to discharf^e of old soldiers from
'ittebawaaaee River, Michigan, preliminary survey of
U.
ffflpqna River, Oregon, preliminary examination of
nited States conrts at South McAlester and Ardmore, Ind. T., expenses
of
H. Ex— 53— 3 II
No.
VoL
12
28
205
32
29
28
194
32
62
28
284
33
81
28
185
32
75
28
229
32
18
28
211
32
99
28
152
32
327
33
32
28
27
28
27
28
55
28
158
32
68
28
227
32
14
28
73
28
232
32
208
32
268
33
266
33
221
32
168
32
12
28
15
29
90
28
264
33
205
32
59
28
216
32
29
28
194
32
311
33
62
28
92
30
284
33
81
28
75
28
128
28
9
28
94
28
95
28
278
33
353
33
185
32
229
32
168
32
XVIII
nnrnx. to house BX&cunYE documents.
Subject.
V.
Venezuela Transiiortation Company, appropriation for oonimMtiion to
arbitmte claims of
W.
Waddini^n, N. Y., preliminary survey c»f harbor uf
War Department :
Cc ntraots entered into by
Annual report on proper^ leased by
Ware River, Virginia, preliminary examination of
Warren, Winslow, services rendered by
Washington Aaueduct, sale of certain lands pertaining thereto
West Branch (Newton Creek), New York, preliminary examination of.
West Haven Harbor, Connecticut, preliminary examination of
West River Harbor, Connecticut, preliminary examination of
Whitefish River, Michigan, preliminary examination of
Winston & Winston, services rendered by
Withlaooochee River, Florida, preliminary examination of
Woodsbnr^ Channel, Hempstead Bay, New York, preliminary exami-
nation ot
Y.
68
Vol.
18 !
Taquina Bay, Oregon, preliminary examination of 227
Yellowstone National Park : I
Appropriation for improving | 167
Commissioner of, salary of 164
32
28
99
28
211
32
152
32
117
28
327
33
32
28
27
28
27
28
56
28
122
28
158
32
28
32
32
32
53d Congress, > HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ( Ex. Doc. 1,
3d Session. > ( Part 2.
REPORT
OV THB
SECRETARY OF WAR;
BEUfO PART OF
THE MESSAGE AND DOCUMENTS
COUNUKICATED It) THE
TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS
AT THB
BEGINNING OF THE THIRD SESSION OP THE FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS.
VOLUME II- IN SIX PARTS.
PART 6.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PBINTlNO OPFIOB.
1894.
I
CONTENTS
[Alphabetical index wi]] be found at tbe end of each part.]
PAET I.
OFFICERS OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Status, changes, and distribution of officers of corps, 3; officers detached, 4.
FORTIFICATIONS.
?i»ECTS and estimates, 4; appropriations, 5; allotments, 6; Portland Harbor, Me.,
C;Bo«tou Harbor, Mass., Narragansett Bay, R. I., New York Harbor, N. Y., 7; Phil-
adelphia, Pa., 9 ; Washington, D. C, Hampton Roads, Va., Savannah, Ga., Pensacola,
FU., San Franciso Harbor, Cal., 10; preservation and repair of fortifications, 13.
Sit^foT fortifications : Fort McClary, Me., Cushings Island, Portland, Me., Groven
Cliff. BoBton, Mass., Snllivans Island, Charleston, S. C, 13.
SEA WALLS AND EMBANKMENTS, NEW YORK HARBOR.
Ik the charge of Likdt. Col. H. M. Robert^ Corps op Engineers —
Bedloes Island, Governors Island, Davids Island, 14.
SEA WALL AT FORT McHENRY, BALTIMORE HARBOR, MD.
IVTHE CHARGE OF COL. Wm. P. CRAIGHILL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS 14
WATER SUPPLY AT FORT MONROE, VA.
IlTRE CHARGE OF Ma J. CHARLES E. L. B. DaVIS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS 14
EmMATES OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR FORTIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR
1895-W 15
THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS.
Constitution of Board, summary of reports rendered, 15; personal inspections
made, additional duties of members, 16.
POST OF WILLETS POINT, NEW YORK.— U. S. ENGINEER SCHOOL.—
BATTALION OF ENGINEERS.— ENGINEER DEPOT.
OrnCER IN COMMAND, LlEUT. COL. W. R. KiNG, CORPS OF ENGINEERS —
Post of Willets Point, U.S. Engineer School, Battalion of Engineers, 17; Engineer
Depot, 18; statement of funds, estimates, 19.
RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS.
Oexeral STATEMENT, removal of wrecks, 19 ; establishment of harbor lines, exam-
ination of bills for bridges, construction of bridges across navigable waters, bridges
obstructing navigation, occupancy and injury of public works, engineer divisions,
SoQth Pass of the Mississippi River, 20.
6233 ^l I
II CONTENTS.
ATLANTIC COAST AND GULF OF MEXICO,
In the charge of Lieut. Col. Petku C. Hains, Corps of Ekgineers—
St. Croix RlyeryMe.,20; Lubec Channel^ Me., Moosabec Bar, Me., 21: Narraj?nagiu
River, Me., 22: breakwater from Mount Desert to Porcnpine Islana, Bar Harbor,
Me., 23; Bagaduoe River, Me., Penobscot River, Me., 24; Belfast Harbor Me., Cam-
den Harbor, Me., 26; Rockland Harbor, Me., 27; Kennebec River, Me., 28; Harra-
seeket River, Me., 29 ; Portland Harbor, Me., 30; channel in Back Cove, Portland,
Me., 31 ; Saco River, Me., 32 ; York Harbor, Me., 33; Bellamy River, N. H., Cocheco
River, N. H., 34 ; harbor of refuge at Little Harbor, N. H., 35.
In the charge of Lieut. Col. S. M. Mansfield, Corps of Engineers —
Newburyport Harbor, Mass., 36; Merrimac River, Mass.. Powow River, Mass., 37;
Ipswich River, Mass., 38; Essex River, Mass., harbor or refuge, Sandy Bay, Cape
Ann, Mass., 39; Gloucester Harbor, Mass., 40; Manchester Harbor, Mass., Salem
Harbor, Ma«s, 41 ; Lynn Harbor, Mass., 42 ; Winthrop Harbor, Mass., Mystic and
Maiden rivers, Mass., 43; Boston Harbor, Mass., 44; Weymouth River, Mass., 45;
Hingbam Harbor, Mass., Scituate Harbor, Mass., 46; Plymouth Harbor, Mass.,
Kingston Harbor, Mass., 47; Wellfleet Harbor, Mass., Provincetown Harbor, Mass..
48; Chatham Harbor, Mass., removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or
endangering navigation, 49.
In the charge of Capt. W. H. Bixby, Corps of Engineers —
0
Harbor of refuge at Hyannis, Mass., harbor of refuge at Nantucket, Mass., 50; Mar-
thas Vineyard inner harbor at Edgartown, Mass., 51 ; harbor at Vineyard Haven,
Mass., Wareham Harbor, Mass., 52; New Bedford Harbor, Mass., 53; Cananitsit
Channel, Mass., Taunton River, Mass., 54; Pawtucket River, R. I., 55; Providence
River and Narragansett Bay, R. I., 56; removal of Green Jacket Shoal, Providence
River, R. I., Newport Harbor, R. I., 57: harbor of refuge at Point Judith, R. I.,
58; harbor of refuge at Block Island, R. I., 59; PawcatucK River, R. I. and Conn.,
60; harbor of refuge at Stonin^on, Conn., 61; removing sunken vessels or crafi
obstructing or endangering navigation, 62.
In the charge of Liel-t. Col. Hexry M. Robert, Corps of Engineers —
Mystic River, Conn., Thames River, Conn., 64; Connecticut River, Mass. and Conn.,
65; harbor of refuge at Duck Island Harbor, Conn., 67: Clinton Harbor, Conn..
New Haven Harbor, Conn., 68; breakwaters at New Haven, Conn., 69; Milford
Harbor, Conn., 70; Housatouio River, Conn., Bridgeport Harbor, Conn., 71; Black
Rock Harbor, Conn., 72; Saugatuck River, Conn., Wilsons Point Harbor, Conn.,
73; Five Mile River Harbor, Conn., 74; Stamford Harbor, Conn., harbor at Cos
Cob nnd Mian us River, Conn., 75; Port Chester Harbor, N. Y., 76; Larchmont Har-
bor, N. Y., East Chester Creek, N. Y., 77; Greenport Harbor, N. Y., Port Jefferson
Harbor, N. Y., 78; Huntington Hairbor, N. Y., Glen Cove Harbor, N. Y., 79; Flush-
ing Bay, N. Y., ^; Patchogue River, N. Y., Browns Creek, Sayville, N. Y., 81;
removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 82.
In the charge of Lieut. Col. G. L. Gillespie, Corps of Engineers —
Hudson River, N. Y., 83; harbor at Saugerties, N. Y., harbor at Rondout, N. Y., 84;
Wappinger Creek, N. Y., 85; Harlem Kiver, N. Y., 86; East River and Hell Gate,
N. Y., 87; Newtown Creek, N. Y., 89; Buttermilk Channel, New York Harbor, 90;
Gowanns Bay, N. Y., Red Hook, Gowanus Creek, and Bay Ridge channels, 91 ; Now
York Harbor, N. Y., 92; Jamaica Bay, N. Y., 93^ Raritan Bay, N.J. , 94; removing
sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 95.
In the charge of Capt. Thomas L. Casey, Corps of Engineers—
Sumpawanus Inlet, N. Y., 95 ; Canarsio Bay, N. Y., Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., 96; Arthur
Kill, N. Y. and N. J., 97; channel between Stateu Island and New Jersey, 98; Pas-
saic River, N. J., 99; Elizabeth River, N. J., 100; Rahway River, N. J«, 101; Rari-
tan River, N. J., 102; South River, N. J., 103; Keyport Harbor, N. J., Mattawan
Creek, N. J., 1(>1; Shoal Harbor and Comptou Creek, N. J., 105; Shrewsbury
River, N. J., 106 j Manasquan (Squan) River, N. J., 107; removing sunken veBselB
or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 108.
. CONTENTB. HI
IX THE CHARGB OF MaJ. C. W. RAYMOND, CORPS OF EnGIKKERS —
Mawttre Rirer, N. J. and Pa., 108; harbor between Pbiladelphia, Pa., and Camden,
N. J., 110; Schaylkill River, Pa., Ill; ico harbor at Marcas Hook, Pa., ico harbor
at head of Delaware Bay, Del., 112; conntrnction of iron pier iu Delawaro Bay,
neap Lewes, Del., 113; Delaware Breakwater, Del., 114; liancocas Kiver, N. J.,
115; Alloway Creek, N. J., Salem River, N. J., 116; Goshen Creek, N. J., remov-
ing eanken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 117.
IX THE CHARGE OF WlLUAM F. SMITH, UNITKD STATES AGENT, MaJOR OF EnGI-
SEEKS, U. S. AltMY, RETIRED —
Wiiiiungton Harbor, Del., 118; ice harbor at New Castle, Del., Appoqninimink
Siver, Del., 119; Smyrna River, Del., 120; Mnrderkill River, Del., 121; MispiUion
firer, Del., 122 ; Broadkiln River, Del., inland waterway from Chincoteague Bay.
Ta., to Delaware Bay, at or near Lewes, Del., 123; Susquehanna River above and
beloir Havre de Grace, Md., Elk River, Md., 124; Fairlee Creek, Md., Chester
Birer, Md., from Crump ton to Jones Landing, 125; Choptank River, Md., La
Trappe River, Md., 126; Warwick River, Md., 127; Cambridge Harbor, Md.,
firoad Creek Kiver, Del., 128; Wicomico River, Md., 129; Manokiu River, Md.,
Onancock Harbor, Ya., 130: harbor and approaches at Capo Charles City, Va.,
131; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 132.
b THE CHARGE OF COL. WiLLIAM P. CRAIGDILL, CoRPS OF ENGINEERS —
Pltapsco River and channel to Baltimore, Md., 132; channel to Curtis Bay in
Patapsco River, Baltimore Harbor, Md., James River, Ya., 133.
Is THE CHARGE OF MaJ. CHARLES £. L. B. DaVIS, CoKPS OF ENGINEERS —
Potomac River at Washington, D. C, 135; Anacostia River, D. C, Occoquan Creek,
Vs., 138; Aqnia Creek, Va , 139; Nomini Creek, Ya., 140; Lower Machodoc Creek,
Vs., Patnxent River, Md., 141; Rappahannock River, Ya., 142; Urbana Creek,
Va., York River, Ya., 143; Mattaponi River, Ya., 144; Pamunkey River, Ya.,
removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering" navigation, 145.
IX THE CHARGE OF CaPT. EdWARD BURR, CoRPS OF ENGINEERS—
Harbor of Norfolk and its approaches, Ya., 146; approach to Norfolk Harbor and
the United States (Norfolk) navv-yard, between Lambert Point and Fort Norfolk,
147; Nansemond River, Ya., 14S; Chlokahominy River, Ya., Appomattox River,
Va., 149; inland water rente from Norfolk, Ya., to Albemarle Sonnd, N. C, through
Carritnck Sound, 151; North Landing River, Ya., and N. C, removing sunken
vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 152.
In the CHARGE OF Maj. W. S. Stanton, CoRf»s of Engineers —
Roanoke River, N. C, 153; Pasquotank River, N. C, 154; Mackeys Creek, N. C,
Ocracoke Inlet^ N. C., 15o; Fishing Creek, N. C, Pamlico and Tar rivers, N. C.,
156; Conteutnia Creek, N.C., 157; Trent River, N.C., 158: Neuse River, N. C,
inland waterway between Newbern and Beaufort, N. C, 159; narbor at Beaufort, N.
C, 160; inland waterway between Beaufort Harbor and New River, N. C, inland
waterway between New River and Swansboro, N. C, 161 ; New River, N. C, 162;
North East (Cape Fear) River, N.C., Black River, N. C, 163; Cape Fear River
above Wilmington, N. C, Cape Fear River at and below Wilmington, N. C, 164;
Lockwoods Fculy River, N. C, Georgetown Harbor, S. C, 166; Winyaw Baj, S. C,
167; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 168.
is THE CHARGE OF CaPT. FrEDBRIC Y. ABBOT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS —
Waccamaw River, N. C. and S. C, 168; Lumber River, N. C. and 8. C, Little Pedee
River, S. C, 169; Great Pedee River, S. C, Clark River, S. C, Mingo Creek, S. C,
Bantee River, 8. C, 170; Watereo River, S. C, Congaree River, S. C, 171; Charles-
ton Harbor, 8. C, Ashley River, S. C, 172; Wappoo Cut, S. C, Edisto River, 8. C,
Salkahatchie River, S. C., 173; Beaufort River, S. C, removing sunken vessels or
craft obstracting or endangering navigation, 174
IV CONTENTS' .
In the charge of Capt. O. M. Carter, Corps of Engineers —
Savannah Harbor, Ga., 174; Savannah Kiver, 6a., 176; Savannah River above
Augusta, Ga., Darien Harbor, Ga., 177; Altamaha River, Ga.,178; Oconee River,
Ga., Ocmulgee River, Ga., 179; Brunswick Harbor, Ga., Brunswick Outer Bar,
Ga., 180; Jekyl Creek, Ga., Cumberland Sound, Ga., 181; inside water route
between Savannah, Ga., and Fcmandina, Fla., removing sunken vessels or craft
obstructing or endangering navigation, 182.
In the charge of Maj. Thomas H. Handbury, Corps of Engineers —
St. Johns River, Fla., 182; Upper St. Johns River, Fla., 185; Volusia Bar, Fla., 186;
Ocklawaha River, Fla., St. Augustine Harbor, Fla., 187; Indian River, Fla., 188;
northwest entrance, Key West Harbor, Fla., 189; Caloosahatchee River, Fla., 190;
Charlotte Harbor and Pease Creek. Fla., Sarasota Bay, Fla., 191: Manatee River,
Fla., 192; Tampa Bay, Fla., Withlacoocbee River, Fla., 193; narbor at Cedar
Keys, Fla., 194; Suwanee River, Fla., 195.
In the charge of Maj. F. A. Mahan, Corps of Engineers —
Apaiachicola Bay, Fla., 196; Apalachicola River, the Cut-off, and Lower Chipola
River, Fla., 197; Flint River, Ga., 198; Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Ala., 200;
Choctaw batch ee River, Fla. and Ala., 202; harbor at Pensacola, Fla., 203; Escam-
bia and Conecuh rivers, Fla. and Ala., 204; Alabama River, Ala., 205; Coosa River,
Ga. and Ala., 206; operating and care of canals and other works of navigation on
Coosa River, Ga. and Ala., 208 ; Cahaba River, Ala., 209.
In the charge of Maj. A. N. Damrell, Corps of Engineers —
Mobile Harbor, Ala., 210; Black Warrior River, Ala., from Tuscaloosa to Daniels
Creek, 211; Warrior and Tombigbee rivers, Ala. and Miss., 212; Noxubee River,
Miss., 214; Pascagoula River, Miss., Chickasahay River, Miss., 215; Leaf River,
Miss., harbor at Biloxi, Miss., 216; Pearl River below. Jackson, Miss., Pearl River
between Carthage and .Tackson, Miss., 217; Pearl River between Edinburg and
Carthage, Miss., Bogue Chitto, La., 218; removing sunken vessels or craft obstruct-
ing or endangering navigation, 219.
In the charge of Maj. James B. Quinn, Corps of Engineers —
Inspection of the improvement of the South Pass of the Mississippi River, 219; Che-
functo River and Bogue Falia, La., 220; Tickfaw River and its tributaries, La.,
221 ; Amite River au(l Bayou Manchac, La., 222; Bayou Lafourche, La., Bayou Ter-
rebonne, La., 223; Bayou Plaquemine, Grand River, and Pigeon bayous, La., 224;
Bayou Courtableau, La., 225; Bayou Teche, La., 226; channel, bay, and passes ot
Bayou Vermillion, La., Mermeutau River and tributaries, La., 227; mouth and
passes of Calcasieu River, La., 228; harbor at Sabine Pass, Tex., 230; Sabine River,
Tex., 231; Neches River, Tex., removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or
endangering navigation, 232.
In the charge of Capt. John Millis, Corps of Engineers—
Securing mouth of Bayou Plaquemine, La., from further caving. 232.
In the charge of Maj. A. M. Miller, Corps op Engineers—
Entrance to Galveston Harbor, Tex., 233; ship channel in Galveston Bay, Tex., 234;
channel in West Galveston Bay, Tox., Trinity River, Tex., 235 ; Cedar Bayou, Tex.,
236; Buffalo Bayou, Tex., harbor at Brazos Santiago, Tex., 237.
WESTERN RIVERS.
In the charge of Capt. J. H. Willard, Corps of Engineers —
Red River, La. and Ark., 238; Red River above Fulton, Ark., 240; Ouachita and
Black rivers. Ark. and La., 241; bayous D'Arbonne and Corney, La., Bayou Bar-
tholomew, La. and Ark., 242; Banif River» La., 243; Tensas River and Bayou
Mavon, La., Big Black River, Miss., 244; Yazoo River, Miss., 245; mouth of Yazoo
River, Mi88., 246; Tchula Lake, Miss., Tallahatchee River, Miss., 247; Steele and
Washington bayons, Miss., Big SunHowor River, Miss., 248; Big Hatcliee River,
Tenn., 249; Forked Deer River, Tenu., water gauges on Mississippi River and its
principal tributaries, 250.
CONTENTS. V
ti THE CIIAKGR OF CaPT. CaRL F. PaLFREY, CORP8 OF ENGINEERS —
RoDOTing obstructions in Arkansas River, 251 ; improTing Arkansas River, Ark.,
Kombe Le Feyre, Ark., 252; Petit Jean River, Ark., White River, Ark., 253;
Ciche River, Ark., Black River, Ark. and Mo., Current River, Ark. and Mo., 254;
St. Francis River, Ark., St. Francis River, Mo., 255.
I5 THE CUARGE OK MaJ. CUARLES J. ALLEX, COKPS OF ENGINEERS —
BemoTing snags and. 'wrecks from Mississippi River, improvinfl^ Mississippi River
bttveen Ohio and Missonri rivers, 256; harbor at St. Louis, Mo., 258; Gasconade
IliTer, Mo., 2o9; Osage Kiver, Mo., Kaskaskla River, 111., 260.
b TBI CHARGE OK MaJ. A. MACKENZIE, CORPS OF ^NGINEERS —
Opentin^ snag boats and dredge boats on Upper Mississippi River, 261; improving
Mivissippi Kiver between Missouri River and Minneapolis, 262; Des Moines
lUpids, Mississippi River, operating and care of Des Moines Rapids Canal and
Dry Dock, operating and care of Galena River improvement. 111., 263.
Is THE CHARGE OF MaJ. W. A. JONES, CORPS OF ENGINEERS —
MisiKippi River above Falls of St. Anthony, Minn., reservoirs at headwaters of
Mississippi River, 264; Chippewa Kiver, including Yellow Banks, Wis., 8t. Croix
Kiver, Wis. and Minn., 266; Minnesota River, Minn., 267; Red River of the North,
Minn, and N. Dak., 268; gauging Mississippi River at or near St. Paul, Minn., 269.
Is THE CHARGE OF CaPT. HaRRY F. HoDGRS, CoRPS OF ENGINEERS —
MiMonri River between the Great Falls, Mont., and Sioux City, Iowa, 270; remova
of snags and other obstructions in Missouri River above Sioux City, Iowa, 271;
examination of Missouri River between Three Forks and Canyon Ferry, Mont.,
Yellowstone River, Mont, and K. Dak., 272.
h THE CHARGE OF CaIT. JOHN BIDDLE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS—
Obioo Kiver, Tenn., Tennessee River above Chattanooga, Tenn., 273; Tennessee
River below Bee Tree Shoals, Ala., 274; Hiwassee liiver, Tenn., 275; French
Broad River, Tenn., 276; Little Pigeon River, Tenn., Clinch River, Tenn., 277;
Cumberland River., Tenn. and Ky., 278; Caney Fork River, Tenn., 282.
h THE CHARGE OF CaPT. GEORGK W. GOETHALS, CoRPS OF ENGINEERS —
Tennessee River between Chattanooga, Tenn., and foot of Bee Tree Shoals, Ala.,
282: operating and care of Muscle Shoals Canal, Tennessee Kiver, 284.
Is THE CHARGE OF LlEUT. COL. AMOS STICKNEY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS —
Ohio River, 285 ; operating snag boat on Ohio River, operating and care of Davis
Island Dam, Ohio River, near Pittsburg, Pa., movable dam in Ohio River below
month of Beaver Kiver, Pa., movable Dam No. 2, Ohio Kiver, 287; ice harbor at
month of Muskingum River. Ohio, Muskingum Kiver, Ohio, 288; operating and
care of locks and dams on Muskingum River, Ohio, removing sunken vessels or
craft obstructing or ondahgering navigation, examinations, 289.
tf THE CHARGE OF CaPT. R. L. HoXIE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS —
Monongahela River, W. Va. and Pa., 290; operating and care of Locks and Dams
N'os. 8 and 9, Monongahela Kiver, purchase of Lock and Dam No. 7, Monon(:!^ahela
River, purchase of Lock and Dam No. 6, Monongahela Kiver, Cheat Kiver. W. Va.,
291; Allegbenv Kiver, Pa., dam at Herr Island, Allegheny Kiver, near Pittsburg,
Pa., 292.
Lv THE CHARGE OF CaPT. JaMES G. WaKREN, CORPS OF ENCJINKERS —
Falls of the Ohio River, at Louisville, Ky.,293; Indiana Chute, Falls of the Ohio
River, operating: and care of Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky., 295; Wabash
River, Ind. and 111., 296; White Kiver, Ind., 297.
VI CONTENTS.
In the chabge op Col. William P. CRAioniLL, Corps of Enginrkrs —
Great Kanawha River, W. Va., 297; operating and care of locks and dams on Great
Kanawha River, W. Va., Elk River, W. Va., 299; Ganley River, W. Va., 300; New
River, Va. and W. Va., 301.
In thk charge of Maj. D. W. Lockwood, Corps of Engineers —
Tradewater River, Ky., 301 ; Lock No. 2, Green River, at Rnmsey, Ky., Green River
above mouth of Big Barron River, Ky., operating and care of locks and dams on
Green and Barren rivers, Ky., 302; Roush River, Ky., Kentucky River, Ky.,303;
operating and care of locks and damson Kentucky River, Ky., Licking River, Ky.,
between Farmers and West Liberty, 304 ; Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky.,
Levisa Fork of Big Sandy River, Ky., 305; Tug Fork of Big Sandy River, W.Aa.
and Ky.,Guyandotte River, W. Va., 306; Little Kanawha River, W.Va.,operating^
and care of lock and dam on Little Kanawha River, W. Va., 307.
LAKE RIVERS AND HARBORS.
In the charge of Maj. Clinton B. Sears. Corps of Engineers —
Harbor at Grand Marais, Minn., harbor at Agate Bay, Minn., 308; harbor at
Dnlnth, Minn., 309; harbor at Superior Bay and St. Louis Bay, Wis., 310; harbor
at Ashland, Wis., harbor at Ontonagon, Mich., 311 ; Eagle Harbor, Mien., waterway
from Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, via Portage Lake and River, Mich, 312;
operating and care of waterway from Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, via Portage
Lake and River, Mich., harbor at Marquette, Mich, 313; harbor of refuge at Grand
Marais, Mich, 314.
*
In the charge of Maj. James F. Gregory, Corps of Engineers —
Manistiquo Harbor, Mich., Cedar River Harbor, Mich., 315; Menominee Harbor,
Mich, and Wis., Menominee River, Mich, and Wis., 316; Oconto Harbor, Wis., 317;
Pensaukee Harbor, Wis., Green Bay Harbor, Wis., 318; Sturgeon Bay and Lake
Michigan Ship Canal, Wis., 319; operating and careoi Sturgeon Say and Lake Mich-
igan Ship Canal, Wis., 320; harbor of refuge at eastern entrance of Sturgeon Bay and
Lake Michigan Ship Canal, Wis., Ahnapee Harbor, Wis., 321 ; Kewaunee Harbor,
Wis., 322; Two Rivers Harbor, Wis., Manitowoc Harbor, Wis., 323; Sheboygan
Harbor, Wis., 324; Port Wasliington Harbor, Wis., harbor of refuge at Milwaukee
Bay, Wis., 325; Milwaukee Harbor, Wis., Racine Harbor, Wis., 326; Kenosha Har-
bor, Wis., 327; Waukegan Harbor, 111., 328; Fox River, Wis., 329; operating and
care of locks and dams on Fox River, Wis., removing sunken vessels or crafb
obstructing or endangering navigation, 330.
In the charge ok Capt. W. L. Marshall, Corps of Engineers —
Chicago Harbor, 111., 331; Calumet Harbor, 111., 332; Calnmet River, 111. and Ind.,
333; Illinois River, 111., 334; operating and care of La Grange and Kampsville
locks and dams, Illinois River, 111., 335; Illinois and Mississippi Canal, 111., 336.
In the charge of Lieut. Col. G. J. Lydecker, Corps of Engineers —
Michigan City Harbor, Ind., 337; St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., 339; St. Joseph River,
Mich., 340; South Haven Harbor, Mich., Saugatuck Harbor, Mich., 341; Holland
(BlacK Lake) Harbor, Mich., Grand Haven Harbor, Mich., 343; Muskegon Harbor,
Mich., 345; White Lake Harbor, Mich., 346; Pentwater Harbor, Mich., 347; Lud-
ington Harbor, Mich., Manistee Harbor, Mich., 348; harbor of refuge at Portage
Lake, Mich., 350; Frankfort Harbor, Mich., 351; Charlevoix Harbor, Mich., 352;
Petoskey Harbor, Mich., Cheboygan Harbor, Mich, 353; Alpena Harbor (Thunder
Bay River), Mich., 354; Saginaw Rfver, Mich., 355; harbor of refuge at Sand
Beach, Lake Huron, Mich., 356; Black River at Port Huron, Mich., month of Black
River, Mich., 358; Clinton River, Mich., 359; Rouge River, Mich., 360; turning
basin in Rouge River, Mich., removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or
endangering navigation, 361.
CONTENTS. Vn
b THE CHARGX OV COL. O. II . POK, CORPS OF EKGINEKRS—
fldpebumel connectiiig iraters of the Great Lakes between Chicago, Dnlnth, luid
fi^alo, 361; operatinc and care of St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich., St. Marys Kiver
ft the Falls, Mich., 3^; Hay Lake Channel, St. Marys River, Mich., 364; St.
Clair Flats Canal, Mich., 366: operating and care of St. Clair Flats Canal, Mich.,
GroBBepoint Channel, Mich.,, 366; Detroit River, Mich., 367; investigation of raft
toving on the Great Lakes and their connecting waters, 368.
Is THE CIIARGK OF L}EUT. COL. JaKKD A. SmITII, CORPS OF ENGIXKEUS —
Vonroe Harbor, Mich., 368; Toledo Harbor, Ohio, 369; Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio,
370; SandnBlKy HarlH>r, Ohio, 371 ; Sandusky River, Ohio, Haron Harbor, Ohio,
JTi; YemiiUion Harbor, Ohio, 373; Black River Harbor, Ohio, 374; Cleveland
Htrhor, Ohio, 375; Fairport Harbor, Ohio, Ashtabnla Harbor, Ohio, 376; Con-
oeant Harbor, Ohio, 377; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endanger-
ing navigation, 378.
Is THE chauge: of Maj. E. H. Ruffnkr, Corps ok Engineers —
Erie Harbor, Pa., 378; Presqne Isle Peninsula, Erie Harbor, Pa., Dnnkirk Harbor,
N. Y., 379 ; Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., 380 ; Tonawanda Harbor and Niagara River, N. Y.,
Kiagara River from Tonawanda to Port Day (Niagara Falls), N. Y., 381 ; Wilson
Harbor, N. Y*, Olcott Harbor, N. Y., 382; Oak Orchard Harbor, N. Y., 383.
h THE CHARGE OF CaPT. DaN C. KlNGMAN, CoUPS OF ENGINEERS —
Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., 383 : Pultney ville Harbor, N. Y., 384 ; harbor at Great Sodus
Bay, N. Y., 385 ; harbor at Little Sodus Bay, N. Y., Oswego Harbor, N. Y., 386; har-
bor at Backetts Harbor, N. Y., 388.
If THE CIIARGK OK CaPT. SMITH S. LeaCH, CORPS OF ENGINEERS —
Shoals between Sister Islands and Cross-over Light, St. Lawrence River, N. Y.,
Ogdensbnrg Harbor, N. Y., 389; breakwater at Rouse Point, Lake Champlain, K. Y.,
Great Chazy River, N. Y., Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y., Burlington Harbor, Vt., 390;
Otter Creek, Vt., Ticonderoga River, N. Y., 391 ; narrows of Lake Champlain, N. Y.
and Vt., 392,
PACIFIC COAST.
IV THE CIIARGK OF COL.. G. H. MkNDKLL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS —
Oakland Harbor, Cal., 392.
In TiiK charge of Likut. Col. "W. H. H. Benyauud, Corps of Engineers —
Hapa River, Cal., 393; Redwood Creek, Cal., San Luis Obispo Harbor, Cal., 394;
Wilming^u Harbor, Cal., 395; San Diego Harbor, Cal., 396; Colorado and Gila
riTcra at Yuma, Ariz., 397.
Ik the charge of Ma.j. W. H. Heuer, Corps of Engineers —
San Joaquin River, Cal., 398; Mokelumnd River, Cal., Sacramento and Feather
rivers, Cal., 399 ; Petaluma Creek, Cal., 400; Humboldt Harbor and Bay, Cal., 401.
In the charge o*' Capt. Thomas W. Symons, Corps of Engineers —
Coquille River, Oreg., 402; Coquille River, Oreg., between Coquille City aud Myrtle
Point, entrance to Coos Bay and Harbor, Oreg., 403; Umpqua River, Oreg., 404;
mouth of Siuslaw River, Orei;., Yaquina Bay, Oreg., 405; Tillamook Bay and
Bar, Oreg.^ 406; entrance to Nehalem Bay, Oreg., Upper Snake River, Idaho,
between Huntington Bridge and Seven Devils mining district, 407; Upper Colum-
bia and Snake rivers, Oreg. and Wash., 408; Columbia River, between head of
Rock Island Rapids and foot of Priest Rapids, Wash., Willapa River and Harbor,
Wash., 4C9; Grays Harbor and Chehalis River, Wash., 410; Chehalis River, Wash.,
Harbor at Olympia, Wash., 411; Swinomish Slough, Wash., Pugot Sound and its
tributary waters, Wash., 412.
VIII CONTENTS.
In the chargk op Maj. Jamks C. Post, Corps of Engineers —
Mouth of Columbia River, Ores, and Wash., 413; Columbia River, between Van-
couver, Wash., and mouth of Willamette River, 414 ; canal at the Cascades, Colum-
bia River, Oreg., 415; Columbia and Lower Willamette rivers below Portland,
Oreg.,416; Willamette River above Portland, Oreg., Cowlitz River, Wash., 417;
Youngs and Klaskuine rivers, Oreg., gauging waters of Columbia River, Oreg. and
Wash., examination and plan by Board of Engineers for overcoming obstructions
in Columbia River between Three Mile Rapi(& and Celilo Falls, Oreg. and Wash.,
418.
EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES OF RIVERS AND
HARBORS 419
SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 420
MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 420
MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION 421
CALIFORNIA DfiBRIS COMMISSION 421
HARBOR LINES 422
Greenport Harbor, N. Y., Patchogue River, N. Y., Harlem River, N. Y., 422; West-
chester Creek, N. Y., Shrewsbury River near Sea Bright, N. J., Delaware River at
Philadelphia, Pa., and Camden, N. J., Ohio River between Martins Ferry and
Bellaire, Ohio, Missouri River at Kansas City, Kans., and Kansas City, Mo.,
Superior Bay, Wis., 423; Oconto Harbor, Wis., St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., Niagara
River at Squaw Island, N. Y., San Francisco Bay and Oakland Harbor, Cal., Napa
River at Napa, Cal., Everett Harbor, Wash., 424.
BRIDGING NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES.
(1) Bridge of Little Rock Bridge and Terminal Railway Company across Arkansas
River at Little Rock, Ark., (2; bridge of St. Lawrence Railway Company across
St. Lawrence River at Morristown, N. Y., (3) bridge of South St. Paul Belt Kail-
road Company across Mississippi River at South St. Paul, Miun., (4) bridge of
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Company across Calumet River at
South Chicago, 111., (5) bridge of Montgomery Bridge Company across Alabama
River near Moutgomerv, Ala., (6) bridge of city of Red Wing, Minn., across Mis-
sissippi River, (7) bridge of East Liverpool Bridge Company across Ohio River at
East Liverpool, Ohio, (8) bridge of Yankton Bridge Company across Missouri
River at Yankton, S. Dak., 425; (9) bridge of city of Pittsburg, Pa., across Monon-
gahela River at South Twenty -second street, (10) bridge of Wilmington and Wel-
on Railroad Company across Contentnia Creek near Grifton, N. C, (11) bridge
of city of Tacoma, Wash., across ship channel through that city, (12) bridge of
Orange County, Tex., across Cow Bayou above its confluence with Sabine River,
(13) bridge of Savannah, Florida and Western Railway Company across Hillsbor-
ough River at Tampa, Fla., (14) bridges of Mobile and Dauphin Island Railroad
and Harbor Company across Dog and Fowl rivers, Ala., (15) bridge of Brazoria
County, Tex., across San Bernard River at Churchills Ferry, 426; (16) bridges
of city of Chicago, 111., at Van Buren street, and Metropolitan West Side Ele-
vated Railroad Company between Jackson and Van Buren Btreets, across South
Branch of Chica<^o River, Chicago, 111., (17) bridge of Knox County, Teun.,
across Holston River at Boyds I-erry near Knoxville, (18) bridge of Wiscon-
sin Central Railroad Company across Wolf River at Gills Landing, Wis.,
(19) bridge of city of Kaukauna, Wis., across Fox River and Canal, (20) bridge
of city of Manistee, Mich., across Manistee River at Smith street, (21) bridge
of city of Do Pere, Wis., across Fox River and Canal, (22) bridge of town of
Hempstead, Queens County, N. Y., across Nortons Creek, 427; (23) bridge of
Brazoria County, Tex., across Brazos River at Columbia, (24) bridge of Creigh-
ton Bridge Company across Allegheny River at Crelghton, Pa., (25) bridge of city
of Houston, Tex., across Buffalo Bayou, (26) bridge of Sea Shore Road Company
across Youngs Bay, Oreg., (27) bridge of Washington and Chesapeake Beach Kail-
way Company across Patuxent River at Mount Calvert, Md., (28) bridjreof Clarke
County, Wash., across East Fork of Lewis River at La Center, (29) bridge of
Kensington Rapid Transit Bridge Company across Allegheny River below Taren-
tum. Pa., (30) bridge of Ahnapce and Western Railway Company across Stur-
geon Bay, Wis., (31) bridge of city of Boston, Mass., across Chelsea Creek
at Chelsea street, (32) bridge of Passaic and Bergen counties, N. J., across.
Passaic River at Passaic, (33) bridge of Northwestern Elevated Railroad
CONTENTS. IX
Company across Cliicag;o liiver east of Wells street; Chicago, Hi, 428; (34)
bridge of Silver Springs, Ocala and Gulf Railroad Company across Withla-
«>oebee River at I>uiinellon, Fla., (35) bridge of Port Royal and Augusta Rail-
way Company across Savannah River near Augusta, Ga., (36) bridge ot town
of Kaukauna, Wis., across the lock of the Government canal at Little Chute,
[Ti) bridge of city of Philadelphia^ Pa., across Peunypack Creek at Torresdale
mnue, (38) l>rici^e of West Norfolk and Port Norfolk Drawbridge Companv across
\Ye*t«in Brancli of £lizaboth River between West Norfolk and Port Norfolk, Va.,
(%) bridge of Kuuawha County, W. Va., across Elk River at Clendennin, (40)
^itidgt^of Bristol County, Mass., across East Branch of Westport River at West-
|ort Point, (41) bridge of Dorchester County, Md., across Cambridge Harbor at
Cambridge, (42) bridge of Lake Street Elevated Railroad Company across Chicago
ItiTcreast of Wells street bridge, Chicago, 111., (43) bridge of Snohomish County,
WaaL, across Stillaqnamish River, (44) bridge of Adrien Gonsoulin across Bayou
T«fhe near Loreauville, La., (45) bridge of Wahkiakum County, Wash., across
Sbmokawa Creek, 429; (46) bridge of New York Central and Hudsou River Rail-
road Company across Spuyten Duyvil Creek, N. Y., (47) bridge of Warren County,
Hiss., across Bi^ Black River at Hankinsons Ferry, (48) bridge of Mobile and
BinDinghaiu Railway Company across Three Mile (3reek near Mobile, Ala., (49)
bridge of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company across Calumet River at South
Chicago, III., (50) bridge by Sussex County, Del., across canal between Chinco-
tague and Delaware bays near Henlopen City, 430.
BRIDGES OBSTRUCTING NAVIGATION.
^]) Bridge across Merrimac River between Haverhill and Bradford, Mass., 430; (2)
liridge across Trent River at Newborn, N. C, (3) bridge across cove at Sullivans
kland, 8. C, (4) bridge across Potsburg Creek, Fla., (5) bridge across Ocklo-
chonee River at Mclntyro, Fla., 431.
OCCUPANCY OF AND INJURY TO PUBLIC WORKS BY CORPORATIONS
AND INDIVIDUALS 431
MISCELLANEOUS.
WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.
IX THE CHAKGK OF COL. GkORGE H. ElLIOT, CoRPS OF ENGINEERS —
Washington Aqueduct, 432; increasing the water supply of Washington, D. C, 434;
erection of fish ways at Great Falls, 435.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS AND WASHINGTON MONUMENT,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
hi THE CHARGK OK COL. JOUN M. WIL8ON, LiKUT. COL., CORPS OF EnGI-
XKERS 435
NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES.
SiRVEYS, 437 ; correcting engraved plates, printing and issuing of charts, resurvoy
of St. Marys River from Whitelish Bay to Detour light-house, 439; reexamina-
tion of St. Lawrence River, 440; estimates, water levels, 441.
(N)NSTRUC TION AND IMPROVEMENT OF ROADS AND BRIDGES IN YEL-
LOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.
IX THE CHARGE OF MaJ. WiLUAM A. J0NE8, CORPS OF ENGINEERS 441
MILITARY AND OTHER MAPS 443
RECONNAISSANCES AND EXPLORATIONS.
Office
ment
RS on duty at headquarters of military departments, operations ia Depart-
of the Missouri, Department of the Columbia, Department of California, 443.
ESTBfATES FOR AMOUNTS REQUIRED FOR SURVEYS AND RECONNAIS-
SANCES IN MILITARY DEPARTMENTS, AND FOR MAPS, INCLUSIVE OF
WAR MAPS ^^^
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,
Officers in charge of divisions, 444.
X COTTTEKTS.
FORTIFICATIONS, ETC
APPENDIX No. 1.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. HENRY M. ROBERT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
ToRPKDO 8Ue<l, New York Harbor, 447.
APPENDIX No. 2.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. G. L. GILLESPIE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Construction of gnn and mortar batteries, New York Harbor, mortar battery No. 1,
449; gnn-lift battery No. 1, construction of torpedo shed, New York Harbor, em-
placement for 10-inch gnn, 456.
APPENDIX No. 3.
REPORT OF BOARD CONCERNING SALE OF LAND IN VICINITY OF FORT
MIFFLIN ON DELAWARE RIVER 461
APPENDIX No. 4.
REPORT OF COL. G. H. MENDELL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Construction of gun and mortar batteries, San Francisco Harbor, Cal., mortar
battery No. 1, 465.
APPENDIX No. 5.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. W. R. KING, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Post of Willets Point, Now York Harbor, 467; United States Engineer School, 468;
Battalion of Engineers, 469; Engineer depot, 474; experiments, 477; statemeut of
fn;ids, 478; new appropriations, estimates, 480. Appendixes: (A) programme of
study and instruction for summer season, June-November, 1893, 481 ; (B) pro-
gramme of study and instruction for winter season, December, 1893, to May, 1894,
483 ; (C) programme of study and instruction for summer season, June-November,
1894, 485.
lilVEES AND HAEBORS, ETC.
APPENDIX A.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. PETER C. HAINS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — St. Croix River, Mo., 489; Lubec Channel, Me., 491 ; Moosabeo Bar,
Mo., 492; Narraguagus River, Me., 494; breakwater from Mount Desert to Porcu-
pine Island, Bar Harbor, Mo., 496; Bagaduce River, Me., 498; Penobscot River, Me.,
499; Belfast Harbor, Me., 503; Camden Harbor, Me., 505; Rockland Harbor, Mo.,
506; Kennebec River, Me., 508 ; Harraseeket River, Me., 512; Portland Harbor, Me.,
514; channel in Back Cove, Portland, Me., 517 ; Saco River, Me., 519 ; York Harbor,
Mc., 522 ; Bellamy River, N. H., 523; Cocheco River, N. H., 524 ; harbor of refuge at
Uttle Harbor, N. H., 527.
APPENDIX B.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. S. M. MANSFIELD, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Impkovemexts. — Newburyport Harbor, Mass., 529; Merrimac River, Mass., 532;
Powow River, Mass., 533; Ipswich River, Mass., 534; Essex River, Mass., harbor
of refuge, Sandy Bay, Cape Ann, Mass. 536; Gloucester Harbor, Mass., 539;
Manchester Harbor, Mass., 542; Salem Harbor, Mass., 543; Lynn Harbor, Mass.,
545; Winthrop Harbor, Mass., Mystic and Maiden rivers, Mass., 547; Boston Harbor,
Mass., 549; Weymouth River, Mass., 556; Hingham Harbor, Mass., 557; Scitaato
Harbor, Mass., '558; Plymouth Harbor, Mass., 560; Kingston Harbor, Mass., 562;
Wellriect Harbor, Mass., 563; Provincotown Harbor, Mass., 564; Chatham Harbor,
Mass., 566; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering naviga-
tion, 568.
. 00JNTKNT8. XI
APPEKDIX 0.
REPORT OF CAPT. W. H. BIXBY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
I3IPR0TEMEXT8. — HarboF of refuge at Hyannis, Mass., 571 ; harbor of refuge at Nan-
tncket, Mass., 573; Marthas vineyard inner h&bor at Edcartown, Mass., 576;
harbor at Vineyard Haven, Mass. , 578: Wareham Harbor, Mass., 580; New Bed-
fohl Harbor, Mass., 58^; Canapitsit Cnannel, Mass., 584: Taunton River, Mass.;
586; Pawtacket River, R. I., 587; Providence River and Narragansett Bay. R. I.,
589; Green Jacket Shoal, Providence River, R. I., 592; Newport Harbor, R. I., 593;
barber of refnge at Point Judith, R. I., 596; harbor of refuge at Block Island,
R.I.,597; Pawcatiick River, R. I. and Conn., 600; harbor of refuge at Stonington,
Conn., G(X2; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering naviga-
tion, 604.
APPENDIX D.
KEPORT OF LIEUT. COL. HENRY M. ROBERT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
IMPROVEICENTS. — Mystic River, Conn., 622; Thames River, Conn., 624; Connecticut
Rirer, Mass. and Conn., 630; harbor of refuge at Duck Island Harbor, Conn., 638;
Clinton Harbor, Conn., 640; New Haven Harbor, Conn., 642; breakwaters at New
Haven, Conn., 646; Milford Harbor. Conn.; 650; Housatonic River, Conn., 654;
Bridgeport Harbor, Conn., 659; BlacK Rock Harbor, Coun.,663; Saugatuck River,
Conn., 667; Wilsons Point Harbor, Conn., 671; Five Mile River Harbor, Conn.,
674; Stamford Harbor, Conn., 677; Harbor at Cos Cob and Mianus River, Conn.,
681; Port Chester Harbor, N. Y., 683; Larchmont Harbor, N. Y., 686; East Chester
Creek, N. Y., 688: Greenport Harbor, N. Y., 692; Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y.,
fi&4; Hautington Harbor, N. Y., 698; Glen Cove Harbor, N. Y., 700; Flushing Bay,
X.Y.,703; Patchogue River, N.Y., 705; Browns Creek, Say villo, N. Y., 708; remov-
ing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 711.
Hakbob Lines. — Greenport Harbor, N. Y., 716; Patchogue River, N. Y., 719.
APPENDIX E.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. G. L. GILLESPIE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
IxpRovEMKNTS. — Hudsou River, N. Y., 723; harbor at Saupjcrties, N. Y.,73'4; harbor
atRondout, N. Y.,736; Wappinger Creek, N. Y., 740; Harlem River, N. Y., 741;
East River and Hell Gate, N. Y., 751; Newtown Creek, N. Y., 757; Bnttermilk Chan-
nel, New Y'ork Harbor, N. Y., 761; Gowanus Bay, N. Y., 764; New York Harbor,
N. Y., 770; Jamaica, Bay, N. Y., 779; Raritan Bay, N. J., 780; removing sunken
vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 785.
Habbor Lines. — Harlem River, N. Y., 786; Westchester Creek, N. Y., 790.
APPENDIX F.
REPORT OF CAPT. THOS. L. CASEY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
I3IPROVEMENT8. — Snmpawanus Inlet, N. Y., 794; Canarsie Bay, N. Y., 795; Sheeps-
headBay, N. Y., 796; Arthur Kill, N. Y. and N. J., 798; channel between Staten
Island and New Jersey, 799; Passaic River, N. J., 801; Elizabeth River, N. J.,
804; Rahway River, N. J., 807; Raritan River, N. J., 808; South River, N. J.,
813; Keyport Harbor, N. J., 815; Mattawan Creek, N. J., 816; Shoal Harbor
and Compton Creek, N. J., 818; Shrewsbury River, N. J., 819; Manasquan (Squan)
River, N. J., 822; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering
navigation, 823.
Harbor Lines. — Shrewsbury River near Seabright, N. J., 823.
PART II.
APPENDIX G.
REPORT OF MAJ. C. W. RAYMOND, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improtemexts.— Delaware River, N. J. and Pa., 827; harbor between Philadel-
phia, Pa., and Camden, N. J., 836; Schuylkill River, Pa., 846; ice harbor at Mar-
ens Hook, Pa., 848; ice harbor at head of Delaware Bay, Del., 849; construction
of iron pier in Delaware Bay, near Lewes, Del., 850; Delaware Breakwater, Del.,
852; Rancocas River, N. J., 854; AUoway Creek, N. J.. 855; Salem River, N. J.,
857; Goshen Creek, N. J., 859; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or
endangering navigation, 861.
Harbor Lixes.— Philadelphia Harbor, Pa., 864.
XII CONTENTS.
APPENDIX H.
REPORT OF WM. F. SMITH, UNITED STATES AGENT, l^JOR OF ENGI-
NEERS, U. S. ARMY, RETIRED.
Improvements. — Wilmington Harbor, Del., 870; ice harbor at New Castle, Del.,
873; Appoquinimink River, Del., 875; Smyrna River, Del., 876; Mnrdorkill River
Del., 879; Mispillion River, Del., 881; Broadkiln River, Del., 883; inland water
way from Chincoteagno Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, at or near Lewes, Del., 884
Sufiquehanna River above and below Havre de Grace, Md., 886; Elk River, Md.
Fairlee Creek, Md., 888; Chester River, Md., from Crnmpton to Jones Landing
889; Choptank River, Md., 891; LaTrappe River, Md., 892; Warwick River, Md.,
894; Cambridge Harbor, Md., 895; Broad Creek River, Del., 897; Wicomico River,
Md., 899; Manokin River, Md., 901; Onancook Harbor, Va., 902; harbor and
approaches at Cape Charles City, Va., 904; removing sunken vessels or craft
obstracting or endangering navigation, 906.
APPKNDIX I.
REPORT OF COL. WILLIAM P. CRAIGHILL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Patapsco River and channel to Baltimore, Md., 909; channel to
Curtis Bay in Patapsco River, Baltimore Harbor, Md,, 914; James River, Va., 915.
APPENDIX J.
REPORT OF MAJ. CHAS. E. L. B. DAVIS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Potomac River at Washington, D. C, 925; Anacostia River at
Washint^ton, D. C, 939; Occoquan Creek, Va., 941; Aquia Creek, Va., 944; Nomini
Creek, Va., 948; Lower Machodoc Creek, Va., 950; Patnxent River, Md., 953; Rap-
pahannock River, Va., 954; Urbana Creek, Va., 959; York River, Va., 961; Mat-
taponi River, Va., 966; Pamunkey River, Va., 968; removing sunken vessels or
craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 970.
APPENDIX K.
REPORT OF CAPT. EDWARD BURR, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Harbor of Norfolk and its approaches, Va., 973; approach to Norfolk
Harbor and the United States navy -yard at Norfolk, Va., 977; Nansemond River,
Va., 978; Chickahomiuy River, Va., 980; Appomattox River, Va., 981; inland water
route from Norfolk, Va., to Albemarle Sound, N. C, through Currituck Sound,
983; North Lauding River, Va., and N. C, 986; removing sunken vessels or craft
obstructing or endangering navigation, 987.
APPENDIX L.
REPORT OF MAJ. W. S. STANTON, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Roanoke River, N. C, 989; Pasquotank River, N. C, 994; Maokey
Creek, N. C, 995; Ocracoke Inlet, N. C.,996; Fishing Creek, N. C, 1018; Pamlico
and Tar rivers, N. C, 1019; Contentnia Creek, N. C, 1022; Trent River, N. C,
1025; Neuso River, N. C, 1027; inland waterway between Newbem aud Beaufort,
N. C, 1030; harbor at Beaufort, N. C, 1031; inland waterway between Beaufort
Harbor and New River, N. C, 1034; inland waterway between New River and
Swansboro, N. C, New River, N. C, 1037; North East (Cape Fear) River, N. C,
suuken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 1065.
APPENIHX M.
REPORT OF CAPT. FREDERIC V. ABBOT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvkments.— Waccaraaw River, N. C. and S. C, 1067; Lumber River, N. C.and
s.r ' - — '- ■ - - •• -^ - — — '
Ri
Ashley RiVerrS.C., lii"4TWappoo''c\rt, S.'6.7l"li6TESWo'RlverV 8767,'^
hatchie Kivor, S. C., 1121; Beaufort River, S. C, 1125; removing sunken vessels
or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 1128.
CONTENTS. XIII
APPENDIX K
REPORT OF CAPT. O. M. CARTER, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements . — Savannah Harbor, Ga., 1129; Savannah River, Ga., 1158; Savan-
nah River above Augusta, Ga., 1164; Darieu Harbor, Ga., 1166; Altamaha River,
Ga..ll69; Ocouee River, Ga., 1175; Ocmulgee River, Ga., 1181; Brunswick Harbor,
r.a., 1187; Brunswick Outer Bar, Ga., 1193; Jekyl Creek, Ga., 1197; Cumberland
Sound, Ga., 1200; iuside water route between Savannah, Ga., and Fernandina,
Fla., 1206; removing sunken vessels or craft obstmcting or endangering naviga-
tion. 1209.
APPENDIX O.
REPORT OF MA J. T. H. HANDBURY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Impkovbmknts. — St. Johns River, Fla., below Jacksonville, 1211; Upper St. Johns
Rjver, Fla., 1218 ; Volusia Bar, Fla., 1220: Ocklawaha River, Fla., 1221 ; St. Aujjust-
ine Harbor, Fla., 1223; Indian River, Fla., 1225; northwest entrance, Key West
Harbor, Fla., 1230; Caloosabatchee River, Fla., 1233; Charlotte Harbor and Pease
Creek, Fla., 1236; Sarasota Bay, Fla., 1237; Manatee River, Fla., 1238; Tampa Bay,
Fla., 1241; Withlacoorhee River, Fla., 1242; harbor at Cedar Keys, Fla., 1244;
Sawanee River, Fla., 1246.
APPENDIX P.
REPORT OF MAJ. F. A. MAHAN, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
LiiPRO>TiMEKTS. — Apalachicola Bay, Fla., 1249; Apalachicola River, the Cut-off,
and Lower Chipola River, Fla., 1252; Flint River, Ga., 1255; Chattahoochee River,
Ga. and Ala., 1258; Choctawhatchee River, Fla, and Ala., 1263; harbor at Pensa-
cola, Fla., 1268; Escambia and Conecuh rivers, Fla. and Ala., 1275; Alabama River,
.Ua.. 1277 ; Coosa River, Ga. and Ala., 1285; operating and care of canals and other
works of navigation on Coosa River, Ga. and Ala., 1297; Cahaba River, Ala., 1298.
APPENDIX Q.
REPORT OF MAJ. A. N. DAMRELL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
IMPROVEMENTS. — Mobile Harbor, Ala., 1301 ; Black Warrior River, Ala., from Tus-
caloosa to Daniels Creek, 1310; Warrior and Tombigbee rivers, Ala., and Miss.,
1311; Noxubee River, Miss., 1318; Pascagoula River, Miss., 1319; Chiokasahay
River, Miss., 1322 ; Leaf River, Miss., 1323 ; harbor at Biloxi Bay, Miss., 1325 ; Pearl
Rirer below Jackson, Miss., 1326; Pearl River between Carthage and Jackson,
Miss., 1328; Pearl River between Edinburg and Carthage, Miss., 1329; Bogus
Chitto, La , 1331; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering
navigation, 1332.
PAET III.
APPENDIX R.
REPORl OF MAJ. JAMES B. gUINN, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Inspection of the improvement of the South Pass of the Mississippi River, 1333.
APPENDIX S.
REPORT OF MAJ. JAMES B. QUINN, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvkmp:xt8. — Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia, La., 1349; Tickfaw River and
its tributaries. La., 1352; Amite River and Bayou Manchac, La., 1354; Bayou
Lafourche, La., 1356; Bayou Terrebonne, La., 1360; Bayou Plaquemine, Grand
KivtT, and Pigeon bayous, La., 1361; Bayou Courtableau, La., 1365; Bayou Teche,
La., 1368; channel, bay, and passes of Bayou Vermillion, La., 1370; Mermentau
River and tributaries, La., 1372; mouth and passes of Calcasieu River, La., 1373;
harbor at Sabine Pass, Tex., 1376; Sabine River, Tex., 1379; Neches River, Tex.,
1381; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation,
1383.
XrV CONTENTS.
APPENDIX T.
REPORT OF CAPT. JOHN MILLIS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvement. — Secaring moutli of Bayou Plaqnemine, La., froui further oaringy
1385.
APPENDIX U.
REPORT OF MAJ. A. M. MILLER, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Entrance to Galveston Harbor, Tex., 1389; ship channel in Gal-
veston Bay, Tex., 1396; channel in West Galveston Bay, Tex., 1399; Trinity River,
Tex., 1401; Cedar Bayou, Tex., 1405 ; Buffalo Bayou, Tex., 1409; harbor at Brazos
Santiago, Tex., 1413.
APPENDIX V.
REPORT OF CAPT. J. H. WILLARD, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Red River, La. and Ark., 1415: Red River above Fulton, Ark.,
1453; Ouachita and Black rivers, Ark. and La., 1455; bayouH D'Arbonue and
Coruey, La., 1468; Bayou Bartholomew, La. and Ark., 1471; Bueuf River, La., 1475;
Tensas River and Bayou Ma^ton, La., 1479 j Big Black River, Miss., 14S2; Yazoo
River, Miss., 1483; mouth of the Yazoo River, Miss., 1488; Tchula Lake, Miss.,
1506; Tallahatchee River, Miss., 1508 j Steele and Washington bayous, Miss., 1511 ;
Big Sunflower River, Miss., 1513; Big Hatchee River, Tenn., 1516; Forked Deer
River, Tenn., 1519 ; water gauges on Mississippi River and its principal tributaries,
1523.
APPENDIX W.
REPORT OF CAPT. QARL F. PALFREY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — ^Removing obstructions in Arkansas River, Ark. and Kans., 1529;
Arkansas River, Ark., 1531 ; Fourche Le Fevre River, Ark., 1544; Petit Jean River,
Ark., 1546; White River, Ark., 1547; Cache River, Ark., 1554; Black River, Ark.
and Mo., 1555; St. Francis River, Ark., 1557; examination at Walnut Bend, Ark.,
to determine the probability of the Mississippi River cutting through into St.
Francis River, 1560; St. Francis River, Mo., 1564.
APPENDIX X.
REPORT OF MAJ. CHAS. J. ALLEN, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Impbov^mexts. — ^Removing snags and wrecks from Mississippi River, 1567 ; Missis-
sippi River between Ohio and Missouri rivers, 1577; harbor at St. Louis, Mo., 1615;
Gasconade River, Mo., 1617; Osage River, Mo., 1620; Kaskaskia River, 111., 1624.
APPENDIX Y.
REPORT OF MAJ. ALEXANDER MACKENZIE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Operating snag boats nnd dredge boats on Upper Mississippi River,
1627; improvement of Mississippi River between mouth of Missouri River and
Minneapolis, 1639; Des Moines Rupids, Mississippi River, 1683; operating and care
of Des Moines Rapids Canal and Dry Dock, 1684 ; operating and care of Galena
River imx>rovement. 111., 1691.
APPENDIX Z.
REPORT OF MAJ. W. A. JONES, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
IMPR0^^5MENTS. — Mississippi River above Falls of St. Anthony, Minn., 1693; reser-
voirs at headwaters of Mississippi River, 1696; Chippewa River, including Yellow
Banks, Wis., 1718; St. Croix River, Wis. and Minn., 1721; Minnesota River, Minn.,
1725; Red River of the North, Minn, and N. Dak., 1728; gauging Mississippi River
at or near St. Paul, Minn., 1732; surveys for reservoirs at sources of Mississippi,
St. Croix, Chippewa, and Wisconsin rivers, 1736.
CD5TENTS. XV
APPENDIX A A.
REPORT OF CAPT. H. F. HODGES, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
iMPROvmrKXTs. — Missouri River between the Great Falls, Montana, and Sioax City,
loira, 1739; removal of snags and other obstractions in Missonri River above Sioux
City, Iowa, 1T72 ; examination of Missonri River between Three Forks and Canyon
' Feny, Mont., to determine availability of water power, 1775; Yellowstone River,
Mont, and N. Oak., 17S4.
APPENDIX B B.
REPORT OF CAPT. JOHN BIDDLE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Obion River, Tenn., 1785; Tennessee River above Cliattanooga and
below Bee Tree Shoals, 1787; Hiwassee River, Tenn., 1795; French Broxul and
Little Pigeon rivers, Tenn., 1797; Clinch River, Tenn., 1801; Cumberland River,
Tenn. and Ky., 1804; Caney Fork River, Tenu., 1818.
APPENDIX C C.
•REPORT OF CAPT. GEO. W. GOETHALS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
bffftOTKMKNTS. — Tonncsseo River between Chattanooga, Tenn., and foot of Bee
Tree Shoals, Ala., 1821; operating and care of Muscle Shoals Canal, Tennessee
River, 1828.
APPENDIX DD.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. AMOS STICKNEY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
I]fPKO>^MSXTS. — Ohio River. 1836; op'^ratiug snag boat on Ohio River, 1864; oper-
sting and care of Davis Island Dam, Ohio River, near Pittsbnrg, Pa., 1867; mov-
able dam in Ohio River below mouth of Beaver River, Pa., 1870; ice harbor at
■oath of Moskingum River, Ohio, 1874; Muskingum River, Ohio, 1875; operatiuo^
and care of locks and dams on Muskingnm River, Ohio, 1876; removing sunken
▼etaels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, 1889.
Examination. — Month of Crawfish Creek and month of Mill Creek, for ice harbors
St Cincinnati, Ohio, 1890.
HiBBOB liOTES. — Ohio River from Martina Ferry to Bellairo, Ohio, 1894.
APPENDIX B E.
REPORT OF CAPT. R. L. HOXIE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Monongahela River, W. Va. and Pa., 1903; operating and care of
locka and dams Nos. 8 and 9, Monongahela River, 1908; purchase of Lock and Dam
Ko. 7, Monongahela River, purchase of Lock and Dam No. 6, Monongahela River,
Cheat River, W. Va., 1911; Allegheny River, Pa., 1913; dam at Herr Island, Allo-
^eay River, near Pittsburg, Pa., 1918.
APPENDIX F F.
REPORT OF CAPT. J. G. WARREN, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
fiiFROTKMENTS.— Falls of the Ohio River at Louisville, Ky., 1929; Indiana Chute,
Falls of the Ohio River, 1933; operating and care of Louisville and Portland
Canal, Ky., 1385; Wabaah River, Ind. antf 111., 1942; White River, Ind., 1948.
APPENDIX G G.
REPORT OF COL. WM. P. CRAIGHILL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
lilPROi'KMEXTS.— Great Kanawha River, W. Va., 1951; operating and care of locks
and dams on Great Kanawha River, W. Va., 1962; Elk River, W. Va., 1963; Gan-
J»j Bivet^ W. Va., 1964; New River, Va. and W. Va., 1965.
XVI CONTENTS.
APPENDIX H H.
REPORT OF MAJ. D. W. LOCKWOOD, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Trade water River, Ky., 1967; reconstruction of Lock No. 2, Green
River, at Rumsey, Ky., 1968; Green River, above month of Big Barren River, Ky.
(Lock No. 5), 1971 ; operating and care of locks and dams on Green and Barren rivers,
Ky., 1972; Rough River, Ky., 1978; Kentucky River, Ky., 1980; operating and care
of locks and dams on Kentucky River, Ky., 1983 ; Licking River, between Farraem
and West Liberty, Ky., Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky., 1992; Levisa Fork of
Big Sandy River, Ky., 2001; Tug Fork of Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky., 2002;
Guyandotte River, W. Va., 2004; Little Kanawha River, W. Va., 2006; operating
and care of lock on Little Kanawha River, W. Va., 2007.
PABT IV.
APPENDIX II.
REPORT OF MAJ, CLINTOX B. SEARS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Imi'rovkments.— Harbor at Grand Marais, Minn., 2009; harbor at Agate Bay, Minn.,
2011 ; harbor at Duluth, Minn., 2014; harbor at Superior Bay and St. Louis Bay,
Wis., 2019; harbor at Ashland, Wis., 2023; harbor at Ontonagon, Mich., 2026; Eagle
Harbor, Mich., 2028 ; waterway from Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, Mich., 2029;
harbor at Marquette, Mich., 2035; harbor of refuge at Grand Marais, Mich., 2037.
Harbor Lines.— Superior Bay, Wis., 2039.
APPENDIX ^ J.
REPORT OF MAJ. JAMES F. GREGORY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Manistique Harbor, Mich., 2042 ; Cedar River Harbor, Mich., 2043;
Menominee Harbor, Mich, and Wis., 2045; Menominee River, Mich, and Wis., 2047;
Oconto Harbor, Wis., 2049; Peusaukee Harbor, Wis., 2052; Green Bay Harbor, Wis.,
2053; Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., 2056; operating and care of
Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., 2058; harbor of refuge at entrance
of Stur<;eon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., 2062 ; Ahnapee Harbor, Wis.,
2064; Kewaunee Harbor, Wis., 2066; Two Rivers Harbor, Wis., 2069 ; Manitowoc
Harbor, Wis., 2072 ; Sheboygan Harbor, Wis., 2075 ; Port Washington Harbor, Wis.,
2079; harbor of refuge at Milwaukee Bay, W^ is., 2081 ; Milwaukee Harbor, Wis.,
2091; Racine Harbor, Wis., 2094; Kenosha Harbor, Wis., 2097: Waukegan Harbor,
111., 2100; Fox River, Wis., 2103 ; operating and care of locks and dams on Fox
River, Wis., 2111 ; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangerint^
navigation, 2124.
Harbor Lines. — Oconto Harbor, Wis., 2124.
APPENDIX K K.
REPORT OF CAPT. W. L. MARSHALL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Chicago Harbor, 111., 2127; Calumet Harbor, 111., 2138; Calumet
River, 111. and Ind., 2143; Illinois River, 111., 2150; operating and care of La
Grange and Kampsville locks and dams, Illinois River, 111., 2159; Illinois and Mis-
sissippi Canal, 111., 2162.
APPENDIX L L.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. G. J. LYDECKFR, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvkmexts.— Michigan City Harbor, Ind., 2188; St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., 2192;
St. Joseph River, Mich., 2197; South Haven Harbor, Mich., 2198; Saugatuck
Harbor, Mich., 2201; Holland ( Black Lake ) Harbor, Mich., 2206; Grand Haven
Harbor, Mich., 2208; Muskegon Harbor, Mich., 2211; White Lake Harbor, Mich.,
2215; Pentwater Harbor, Mich., 2218; Ludiugton Harbor, Mich., 2220; Manistee
Harbor, Mich., 2223; harbor of refuge at Portage Lake, Manistee County, Mich.,
2228; Frankfort Harbor, Mich., 2280; Charlevoix Harbor, Mich., 2233; Petoskey
Harbor, Mich., 2235; Cheboygan Harbor, Mich., 2239; Alpena Harbor, Mich., 2241;
Saginaw River, Mich., 2243; harbor of refuge at Sand Beach, Lake Huron, Mich.,
2247; Black River at Port Huron, Mich., 2251 : mouth of Black River, Mich., 2253;
Clinton River, Mich., 2254; Rouge River, Mich., 2255; turning basin in Rou^
River, Mich., removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navi-
gation, 2257.
Harbor Lines. —Saint Joseph Harbor, Mich., 2258.
CONTENTS. XVII
APPENDIX M M.
REPORT OF COL. O. M. POE, CORPS OF KN(iINEERS.
Improvements. — Sbip cbannol connecting tbo wuters of tlio Great Lakes, bctwc^en
Chicago, Diilnth, and Buffalo^ 2261; operating and caro of St. Marys Falls Canal,
Mich., 2267; St. Marys River at the Falls, Mich., 2287; Hay Lake Channel, St.
Marys River, Mi cli., 2367; St. Clair Flats Canal, Mich., 2371: operating and caro
of St. Clair Flats Caual, Mich., 2373; Grossepoint Channel, Mich., Detroit River,
Mich., 2376; investigation of raft towin;^ on the Great Lakes and their connecting
vak*r8, 2378.
APPENDIX N N.
RKPORT OF LIEUT. COL. JARED A. SMITH, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvemrnts. — Monroe Harbor, Mich., 2383; Toledo Harbor, Ohio, 2385; Port
Clinton Harbor, Ohio, 2394; Sandusky Harbor, Ohio, 2396; Sandusky River, Ohio,
2398; Huron Harbor, Ohio, 2400; Vermillion Harbor, Ohio, 2403; Black River
Harbor, Ohio. 2405; Cleveland Harbor, Ohio, 2409; Fairport Harbor, Ohio, 2414;
Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio, 2420; Con neant Harbor, Ohio, 2423; removing sunken
resselsor craft obstructing or endangering nrvigation, 2426.
APPENDIX O O.
REPORT OF MAJ. E. H. RUFFNER, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
IxrsovEMENTS. — Erio Harbor, Pa., 2427; Presque Isle Peninsula, Erie Harbor, Pa.,
2433; Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y., 2434; Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., 2438; Tonawanda Har*
bor and Niagara River, N. Y., 2444; Niagara River from Tonawanda to Port Bay,
N. Y., 2447; Wilson Harbor, N. Y., 2448; Olcott Harbor, N. Y., 2450; Oak Orchard
Harbor, N. Y., 2451.
Harbor Lines. — Niagara River at Squaw Island, N. Y., 2452.
APPENDIX P P.
REPORT OF CAPT. DAN C. KINGMAN, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Impeovbmknts. — Harbor at Charlotte, N. Y., 2455; harbor at Pultneyville, N. Y.,
34aO; harbor at Great Sodus Bay, N. Y., 2464; harbor at Little Sodus Bay, N. Y.,
3470; harbor at Oswego, N. Y., 2476; harbor at Sacketts Harbor, N. Y., 2486.
APPENDIX Q Q.
REPORT OF CAPT. SMITH S. LEACH, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Impr^Jvements. — Shoals between Sister Islands and Cross-over Light, St. Lawrence
River, N. Y., 2489; Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y., 2491; breakwater at Rouse Point,
Lake Champlain, N. Y., 2492; Great.Chazy River, N. Y., 2493; Plattsburg Harbor,
N. Y., 2495; Burlington Harbor, Vt., 2496; Otter Creek, Vt., 2497; Ticondcroga
River, N. Y., 2498; Narrows of Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt., 2499.
APPENDIX li H.
REPORT OF COL. G. H. MENDELL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvement.— Oakland Harbor, Cal., 2501.
Harbor Lines. — San Francisco Bay from Point San Pablo southward, in front of
Oakland and Alameda, Cal., 2505; Oakland Harbor, Cal., 2506.
APPP]NDIX S S.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. W. H. H. BENYAURD, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements.— Napa River, Cal., 2507; Redwood Creek, Cal., San Luis Obispo
Harbor, Cal., 2509; Wilmington Harbor Cal., 2511; San Diego Harbor, Cal., 2514;
Colorado and Gila rivers, at Yuma, Ariz., 2521.
Harbor Lines.— Napa River at Napa, Cal., 2522.
6233 II
XVIII , CONTENTS.
APPENDIX T T.
REPORT OF MAJ. W. H. HEUER, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — San Joaquin River, Cal., 2527; Mokelumne River, Cal., 2531; Sac-
ramento and Feath(»r river«, Cal., 2533: Petaluma Creek, Cal., 2538; Humboldt
Harbor and 13ay, Cal., 2540. ,
APPENDIX U IJ.
REPORT OF CAPT. THOMAS W. SYMONS, CORPS OF ENGIXEKRS.
Improvements. — Coqnille River, Oreg., 2553 ; Coquille River, Oreg., between
Coquille City and Myrtle Point, 2558; entrance to Coos Bay and Harbor, Oreg.,
2561; Umpqua River, Oreg., 2569; moutli of Siuslaw River, Oreg., 2573; Yaqnina
Bay, Ore.2f., 2576; Tillamook Bay and Bar, Oreg., 2585; entrance to Nebalem B«ay,
Oreg., 2588; Upper Snake River, Idaho, between Huntington Bridge and Seven
Devils mining district, 2589; Uj^per Columbia and Snake rivers, Oreg. and Wash.,
2590; Columbia River, between head of Rock Island Rapids and foot of Priest
Rapids, Wash,, 2593; Willapa River and Harbor, Wash., 2595; Grays Harbor and
Chehalis River, Wash., 2597; Chehalis Rivtr, Wash., 2604; harbor at Olympia,
Wash., 2606: Swinomish Slough, Wash., 2611; Puget Sound and its tributary
waters. Wash., 2619; Everett Harbor, Wash., 2623.
Harbor Lines.— Everett Harbor, Wash., 2627.
APPENDIX VV.
REPORT OF MAJ. JAMES C. POST, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Improvements. — Mouth of Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash., 2631 ; Columbia River
between Vancouver, Wash., and mouth of Willamette River, 2613; canal at the
Cascades, Columbia River, Oreg., 2645; Columbia and Lower Willamette rivers
below Portland, Oreg., 2654; Willamette River above Portland, 26,59; Yamhill
River, Oreg., 2661; Cowlitz River, Wash., 2662; Youngs and Klasquino rivers,
Oreg , 2663; gauging waters of Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash., Columbia River
between Three Mile Rapids and Celilo Falls, Oreg., 2664.
APPENDIX W W.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COMMANDER DANIEL DELEHANTY, UNITED STATES
NAVY.
Supervision of the harbor of New York, 2681.
PAET V.
APPENDIX XX.
REPORT OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION.
C. B. COMSTOCK, colonel. Corps of Engineers, bvt. brig, gen., U. S. A., president;
Charles R. Suter, lieutenant-colonel. Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.; Amos
Stickney, lieutenant-colonel, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.; Henry L. Whiting,
assistant U. S. Coast and Geodetic Surv^ey; K. M, Harrod, Robert S. Taylor,
and Henry FluVD, commission era.
Annual Report for Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1894, 2697.
Appkndix 1. — Report of First Lieut. Geo. A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers, secretary,
Mississippi River Commission, 2717; (A) report of Assistant Engineer J. A. Ock-
ersou <;u lidd work and oltico reduction, 2727; (B) report of Assistant Engineer A.
T. Morrow on secondary trianirulation field work from Gordons Ferry, Iowa, to
Prairie Du Chien, Wis., 2797; (C) report of Assistant Kngineer A. T. Morrow on
(E) tables of liigliest and lowest stages since 1872, 2804; (F) field reports on dis-
charge measurements and report of Assistant Engineer Kivas TuUy on reductionB
of the same, with ** Low- water Board'' observations of 1879, 2808.
CONTENTS. XIX
Appendix 2.— Report of Capt. S. W. Roessler, Corps of Engineers, upon operations
in tbe First and Second districts, 2859; (A) report of Assistant Engineer William
Gtrig on improvement of harbor of New Madrid, Mo., 2878 ; (B) report of Assistant
Engineer Aug. J. Nolty ou operations at Plum Point Reach, 2881; (C) report of
Assistant Engineer Charles Le Vasseur on construction of dam across Elmot
Cbnt€, near Gold Dust, Tenn., 2890; (D) report of Assistant Engineer E. L. Cooley
onreYetmeut of BuUerton Tow-bead, Ark., 2897; (E) report of Assistant Engineer
William Gerig on improvement at Hojjefield Bend, Ark., 2904 ; (F) report of Assist-
ant Engineer William M. Rees on repairs to plant, 2910.
Appendix 3. — Report of Capt. C. McD. Townsend, Corps of Engineers, npou opera-
tions in Third district, 2919; (A) report of Assistant Engineer Artbur Hider upon
repairs to revetment, 2931; (B) report of Assistant Engineer H. St. L; Copp^e on
Borvey of Yicksburg Harbor, Miss., 2944; (C) report of Assistant Engineer Artbur
Hi<ler ou surveys, 2945; (D) statement by As^iistant Engineer Arthur Hider on
repairs to plant, Third district, May 1, 1893, to April 30, 1894, 2954; (E) cost of
levees in Third district, from 1882 to May 31, 1894, 2956 ; ( F) investigations by Capt.
C. MeD. Townseud, Corps of Engineers, of gauge relations in Third district and
ibove it, 2967.
Aptexdix 4. — Report of Capt. John Millis, Corps of Engineers, upon operations in
the Fourth district, 2974 ; (A) report of Captain Millis on surveys in vicinity of
cRvasses, 3064.
PART VI.
APPENDIX Y Y.
REPORT OF THE MISSOURI RIVER C0M3IISSI0N.
CuvRLES R. SuTKR, lientenant-colonel, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., president;
A.Mackenzie, major. Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.; Chas. J. Allen, major, Corps
of Engineers. U. S. A.; Garland C. Broadhead and Richard S. Berlin, com-
AsMAL Report for Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1894, 3075.
Appexdix A. — Animal report of Second Lieut. James F. Mclndoe, Corps of Engineers,
!*cn;tary Missonri River Commission, 3083; (1) annual report of Mr. O. B. Wheeler,
ai«sist-ant engineer, 3085; (2) annual report of Mr. O. H. B. Turner, assistant engi-
neer, 3089; (3) report on measurement of hridges, and (4) annual report of Mr. A.
H. Blaisdell, assistant engineer, 3108; (5) report on results of rock borings in Mis-
souri River valley, 3111; (6) annual report of Mr. J. A. Seddon, assistant engineer,
3112; (7) index of surveys and physica Idata in annual reports of the Commis.sion
from 1885 to 1893, 3113; (8) report on commerce of Missouri River during calendar
Tear 1893, 3116.
Appendix B. — Annual report of Mr. S. Waters Fox, division engineer, Omaha divi-
sion. 31^5.
Ajpendix C. — Annual report of Mr. S. Waters Fox, division engineer, St. Joseph
•ii vision, 3128.
Appksdix I). — Annual report of Mr. S. Waters Fox, division engineer, Kansas City
division, 3130.
Appendix E. — Annual report of Mr. Samuel H. Yonge, division engineer, Osage divi-
Mon, 3130.
AppKNDix F. — Annual report of Mr. S. Waters Fox, division engineer. Gasconade
division, 3152.
AppKxnix G. — Establishment of harbor lines in Missouri River at Kansiis City, Kans.,
and Kansas City, Mo., 3159.
APPENDIX Z Z.
REPORT OF THE CALIFORNIA DfiBRIS COMMISSION.
G. H. Mendkll, colonel. Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., president; W. H. H. Ben-
Tacrd, lieutenant-colonel. Corps ot Engineers, U. S. A., and W. H. Hkuer,
major, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., comvihaioners.
Annual Report for Year ending November 15, 1893, 3169.
Ahpkndix a. —Rules and inBtructions, 3176.
Appendix B.— Table showing applications to mine by the hydraulic i^rocess, 3178.
Appendix C— Judicial decisims, 3180.
Appkndix D. — Act of legiHlatiire of California providing for a State debris commis-
sioner, 3183.
Appendix E.—Act of Congress creating the California Debris Commission, 3184.
XX CONTENTS.
APPENDIX AAA.
OCCUPANCY OF AND INJURY TO PUBLIC WORKS BY CORPORATIONS
AND INDIVIDUALS.
(1) Report of CoL Win. P. Craighill, Corps of Engineers, 3189 ; (2) rofiort of Capt.
O. M. Carter, Corps of Engineers, 3190; (3) report of CoL O. M. Pik^ Corps of
Engineers, 3190; (4) report of Capt. T. W. Symons, Corps of Engineers. 3192.
APPENDIX B B B.
REPORT OF COL. GEORGE H. ELLIOT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Washington Aqukdi'CT, 3193; increasing the water supply of Washington. D. C,
3222; erection of fish ways at Great I* alls, 3224; use of water power of Great
Falls of the Potomac River for electric lighting, 3256.
APPENDIX C C C.
REPORT OF COL. JOHN M. WILSON, UNITED STATES ARMY.
Improvement and care of public huililings anil grounds in the District of Columbia,
3265; Washington Monument, 3267.
APPENDIX DDD.
SURVEY OF NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES.
SURVRTS, correcting ougravod plates, printing and issuing charts, 3315 ; resurvoy of
St. Marys River, 3317; reports of assistants on rcsurvey of St. Marys River, viz:
Lieut. Charles S. Rich6, Corps of Engineers, 3321; (A) Mr. Thomas Russell, 3329;
(li) Mr. Fred Morley, 3397; (C) Mr. J:. E. Haskell^ assistant encineer,3403; (D)
Mr. Glen E. Balch, assistant engineer, 3404 ; (E) Mr. E. £. Haskell, assistant engi-
neer, 3409; (F) Mr. H. Von Schon, assistant engineer, 3419; (G) Mr. David Molitor,
assistant ongfncer, 3422; (H ) Mr. £. E. Haskell, assistant engineer, 3426. Reesuimi-
uation of St. Lawrence River, 3428; annual water levels, 3319, 3430.
V
APPENDIX E E E.
REPORT OF MAJ. WILLIAM A. JONES, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
Construction and improvement of roads and bridges in the Yellowstone National
Park, 3439.
APPENDIX F F F.
EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS IN MILITARY DEPARTMENTS.
Report of Capt. William L. M<irshall, Corps of Engineers, engineer officer on oper-
ations in Department of the Missouri, 3451; report of Major TuUy McCrea, Fifth
Artillery, acting engineer officer, on operations in Department of the Columbia,
3452 ; report of Lieut. Charles G. Lyman, Second Cavalry, in charge of office, on
operations in Department of California^ 3453.
LAWS AFFECTING THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS, FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS,
SECOND SESSION, 1893-'94 3465
APPENDIXES
TO THK
REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINIMS,
UNITED STATES ABMT.
(OoiirrDruED.)
APPENDIX YY.
ajtauil re pout* o^ the missouri river commission for the fis-
c^z. tear ending june so, 1894.
Office Missoitbi Eiveb Commission,
St, LouiSy Mo.j June 30, 1894.
8iE: The MiRsoixri Eiver Commission beg leave to submit herewith
tkii annual report; for the fiscal year endiug June 30, 1894.
SURVEYS AND EXAMINATIONS.
During the past year work has been pushed as rapidly as possible on
the preparation and publication of a complete set of maps of the Mis-
souri River from its month to its headwaters. These maps, which
embody not only tbe results of surveys made by the Commission, but
alM>of all others v^-hich are considered reliable, are well advanced, and
it is expected that the whole set will be completed and published dur-
ing tbe coming ii»cal year.
A careful revision of the elevations of all bench marks of a perma-
nent character has been in progress and their connection with the line
of pi^^ise levels has been completed. The tabulation of this work is
not yet tinished, but it is expected that the results will be made avail-
able during the coming year.
As a further check upon the secondary triangulation executed by the
Commission, connection has been made with the primary triangulation
of the U. S. Coast and Ge>odetic Survey near Kansas City, Mo. Con-
nection with this system had already been made at St. Louis and near
Jefferson City, Mo.
A monument giving geodetic position, elevation, and direction of
meridian was placed in the eapitol grounds at Jefterson City, Mo.
Twenty-one gauges were read throughout the year and two others
during a portion of the same. Bulletins were established at all. gauges
at and below Kansas City to enable passing boats to ascertain the
stage of water without landing. Those pertaining to gauges estab-
lished on bridges are also designed to indicate the clear height under
the sui)er8tructure available for the passage of boats.
In addition to the above work the reduction, and study of physical
data has been continued, as well as much* work of a miscellaneous char-
acter.
For details see report of the secretary of the Commission (Appen-
dix A).
CONSTBUCTION.
For details see appendixes B, C, D, E, and F.
Council Bluffs, Iowa. — The break in the revetment constructed near
this place, and which was alluded to in the last annual report, was
repaired during the late fall and early spring, 2,000 feet of bank being
protected. No further damage has occurred at this point.
3075
3076 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
St. Joseph, Mo. — The damaged portion ot the Belmont Bend revet-
ment, described in our last report, was thoroughly repaired during Octo-
ber and November of 1893, 4,500 feet of revetment being constructed.
A further slight break occurred recently, which could not be repaired
owing to the high stage of water. Until this subsides the extent of
the damage can not be definitely ascertained, but it is not thought to
be serious.
Kansas City, Mo. — No work was done here during the past season,
and the plant which had been used in the spring was sent to the Gas-
conade division. The harbor lines in front of Kansas City, Kans., and
Kansas City, Mo., which had been recommended by the Commission
were approved by the Secretary of War under date of December 9,
1893.
SYSTEMATIC IMPROVEMENT OF FIRST REACH.
The first reach, herein referred to, extends from the mouth of the
Osage Eiver to the mouth of the Missouri. For convenience of work
and administration it is now divided in two parts, the Osage and Gas-
conade divisions, which, respectively, cover work in the vicinity of the
mouths of those two streams.
The Osage division work extends to the head of Murrays Bend, 14
miles above the Osage. This extension was found necessary to get a
secure heading for the work and to get the river in proper training
before reaching the formi.dable bars at the mouth of the Osage. Mur-
rays Bend is revetted. Below that point groups of permeable dikes
have been put in wherever the necessity was apparent, the object being
to keep the river along the rocky shore at and below Jefferson City,
and ia.a concentrated channel of suitable width as far as the mouth of
the Osage. From this point it is to be led on as nearly a straight line
as i)08sible through the wide shoals outside of Dodds Island, touching
the detached bluff of Cote Sans Dessein, and reaching the right-hand
bluffs again near Isbell Station. During the season work was carried
on over a distance of about 20 miles, at all points and in such measure
as the conditions warranted. The revetment of Murrays Bend, begun
the i)revious season, was completed to the foot of the bend, a distance
of 6,867 feet. Of permeable dike work, 10,472 feet was constructed,
involving the driving of 3,426 piles. To prevent the escape of water
into Osage Chute at low stages, a dam of brush and stone was built
across the head of it. The dam proper is 1,625 feet long, and its crest
is 2 feet above standard low water; with its shore connections it is
2,425 feet long. It was built late in the fall, and its immediate effect
was to deepen the channel at the head of Dodds Island some 2 feet.
The development of the desired channel through these shoals is pro-
gressing rapidly and surely, though several seasons will probably be
required to get the full effects. It is not possible at present to com-
plete all the dikes required for this rectification for fear of obstructing
the present boat channel, but such work as is possible must l>e done
every year till the system is complete. Better or rather more rapid
results might have been secured if higher stages of water had x)revailed,
but for the last two seasons only very moderate fioods have been
experienced. With the greater scour incident to greater volumes of
water it is probable that the Osage Bar would have been entirely
removed by this time. In anticipation of this result work hasalready
been begun b^ow Dodds Island, and as fast as funds enable the work
to progress it will be extended downstream till it connects \\ith the
work of the Gasconade division, probably near the town of Chamois.
iL\PE2a>IX Y Y REPORT OF MI!?80URI RIVER COMMISSION. 3077
Wovk on tlie Gasconade division had been at the date of last report
eoutiuid to i>reparatiou for a<;tive operations. August 16 dike work
vas commenced at Little Tavern Creek, a few miles below Portland,
Mo. The work, essentially similar to that on the Osage division, was
designed to control and rectify the river channel from Portland to the
moutli of the Gasconade. During the season 10,175 feet of permeable
dike was constructed, 3,200 piles being driven to an average penetra-
tion of 21 feet. In addition several large rocks obstructing navigation
were blasted out and removed.
It is too 800U to judge of results at this point, but so far the indica-
tions are very favorable.
Further operations in this division include the extension of the rec.-
tifieatioii apstream to Chamois and downstream to the Gasconade.
When this work and that of the first division is completed, 45 miles
of river, from Murrays Bend to the Gasconade, will bo fairly under
ctmtrol. As this portion embraces many points of very dilttcult navi-
gatioD a fair test of the scope and value of the improvement will be
afforded. The Commission hope to be able to do all the work needed
feff this purpose during the next two years, although probably several
years must still elapse before full results are obtained.
In addition to the construction work here described a great deal of
fflne and money has been devoted to the repair and reconstruction of
the plant which had greatly deteriorated during the ten years which
bare elapsed since it was first built.
BEMOVAL OF OBSTRUCTIONS.
The sna^ boat belonging to the Commission began work August 3
and was kept actively engaged till November 16. The river was cleared
as far as liushwhacker bend, 250 miles from the mouth, and a second
trip was made as far as Barkersville, 142 miles from the mouth.
In the spring of 1894 the boat worked over the river again as far up
as Kansas City. She is now laid up waiting for funds to enable her to
resume this very imi)ortant work.
2 able of work done by snag boat.
Name of river.
SnagH desti-oywl.
N amber.
Estimated
weiglit in
tnnnof 2,0(H
poundH.
T)hio
HiMiiMiippi
Miaeouri
Total
1,779 17,680.3
1,779
17. 080. 3
Treea
cut.
228
Drift
pili'H re-
moved.
0
Mil(>8
run.
100
510
1.415
'228
2.025
As at the date of this report the appropriation bills for the current
year have not been passed by Congress, no programme of work for the
year is possible.
For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1896, the Commission beg leave to
Bubniit the following estimates:
For office and traveling exponBCs and salaries of CommiHsion $20, 000
Soney», gau«je8, physical data, and publications 30, 000
Operating snag boat 35,000
Systematic improvement in first reach 665, 000
Total 750,000
3078 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Money statement,
July 1, 1893, balance unexpended $851,682.39
June 30, 1894, refunded during fiscal year on account of overpayment, etc . 164. 86
Total 851,847.25
June 30, 1894, amount expended during the fiscal year 820, 504. 54
July 1, 1894, balance unexpended 31, 342. 71
July 1, 1894, outstanding liabilities 13,136.38
Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 18, 206. 33
( Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1896 750. 000. 00
< Submitted in compliance T^ith requirements of sections 2 of river and
( harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893.
Respectfully submitted.
Chas. R. Suter,
Lieut, Col. of Engineers.
President Missouri River Commission.
A. Maceienzie,
Major of Engineers.
Garland O. Broadhead.
R. S. Berlin.
Chas. J. Allen,
Major J Corps of Engineers.
The Secretary of War,
(Through the Chief of Engineers, U. S. A.)
APPENDIX Y Y REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3079
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3080 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S ARMY.
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APPENDIX Y Y — REPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3081
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3082 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Act of— Consolidated statement, July 5, J8S4\ to June SO, 1894.
Julys, 1884 $640,000.00
Augusts, 1886 : 375,000.00
August 11,1888 1,000,000.00
February 22, 1890 1 75,000.00
September 1^, 1890 800,000.00
July 13, 1892 600,000.00
March 3, 1893 700,000.00
Total specific appropriations. . . .' 4, 190, OOO. 00
Balances from former appropriations :
Act of August 2, ls82, applied to works above Sioux
City, Iowa $4,000.00
Surrey Missouri River, from mouth to Fort Benton 8, 844. 39
Act of Augusts, 1886, applied to removing obstructions
from Missouri River 1,982.80
Total balances
Received from sales and deposits.
14, 827. 19
1, 196. 80
Total available 4,206,023.99
Expended to June 30, 1894 4,174,681.28
Balance June 30, 1894
31, 342. 71
List of civilian engine^s employed on^oork of river and harbor improvenients in charge of
Missouri River Commission from July 1, 1893y to June SO, 1894, inclusivCf under the river
and harbor acts of September 19, 1890 {improving Missouri River from its mouth to Sioux
City, Iowa), July 13, 1892 {improving Missouri River from its mouth to Sioux City, Iowa),
and March 3, 1893 {improving Missouri River from its mouth to Sioux City, Iowa).
Name and residence.
Time em-
ployed.
Compen-
sation per
montn.
Where employed.
Samuel H. Yonge, Osage City, Mo
S. Waters Fox, Gasconade, Mo
O. B. Wheeler. St. Louis. Mo
Months.
12
12
12
12
4
4
12
12
\ ■
Dayt,
20
11
29
22
8
22
24
11
25
6
24
3
•
12"
17
28
$250.00
250.00
265.00
225.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
175.00
175.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
187.50
150.00
137. 50
162.50
125.00
125.00
125.00
90.00
125. 00>
100.00^
125.00
120.00
110.00
110.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
Osage City. Mo., first reach. Ossgo
division.
Gasconade. Mo., first reach, Gascon*
ade division.
Special survey (includes subsiatenoe)*
Do.*
J. A. Seddon, St. Louis. Mo
St. Louis, Mo.
Do.
A. H. Blaisdell, St. Louis, Mo
Do.
0. W. Ferguson, St. Louis, Mo
C. M. Winchell, St. Louis, Mo
A. N. Darrow. St. Louis. Mo
Do.
Do.
' Do.
Do.
R, H. Bacot. Osaze Citv, Mo
Osage City, Mo., first reach. Osage
division.
Gasconade, Mo., first reach, Gascon-
ade division.
Specialsurvey(inclQdesBnbsist«ncei*
Do.*
St. Louis, Mo.
Special survey (includes subsistence)*
J. C. Meredith, Gasconade, Mo
O. H. B. Turner, St. Louis, Mo
•
L. P. liutlt^r. St. Lou is. Mo
A. L. Johnson. St. Louis. Mo
St. Louis, Mo.
Do.
£d. Junes. Gasconade. Mo
r 9
< 3
Omaha, Nebr.,St. Joseph, Mo., Omaha
and St. Joseph division.
R. A. Crawford, Osage City. Mo
A. H. Weber, Osage City. Mo
6. F. Bird. Gasconade, Mo
Gasconade, Mo., first reach, Gascon
ade division.
Osage City, Mo , first reach, Osage
division.
Osage City, Mo., first reach, Osage
division.
Ga^f'OTiade, Mn.. first raaf^h, Gaacon-
Chas. K. Tavlor, St. Louis, Mo
J. Wm. Link. St. Louis, Mo
4
3
12
2
1
1
1
1
ade division.
St. Louis, Mo.
Do.
E. D. Williams. St. Louis, Mo
S. A. Benedict, Osage City, Mo
W. R. De Witt, Gasconade, Mo
J. G. Gilchrist, Gasconade, Mo
Bathurst Smith, Gasconade, Mo
J. G. Auld. Gasconade. Mo r .^t
Do.
Osage City, Mo., first reach, Osage
division.
Gasconade, Mo., first reach, Gascon*
ade division.
Do.
Do.
Do.
* On survey of Missouri River.
APPKin>IX Y T REPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3083
Appendix A.
axkval rkporx of the 8bcketary of the missouri river commission, 1894.
Office Missouri Riyer Commission,
St. Louis, Mo., June 30, 1894.
SiK : I have the honor to snbmit the following report of the work in charge of the
tecretary of this Commission for the fiscal year ending June 30, 18d4.
Very respectfully, yonr obedient servant,
Jambs F. McIndok,
Additional Second Lieut, of Engineers,
Secretary.
Lieat. Col. Chjls. R. Suteb, *
Corps of Engineers, V. S. A.,
Prendeni Missouri Eivor Commission.
This work -^ns in charge of First Lieut. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers,
intilJane 16, 1894; in charge of the president of the Commission from June 16 to 20,
18M, and since the latter date, in my charge.
SURVEYS.
Stesndary triangulation. — On July 23, 1893, a small party under Assistant Engi-
iWfrO. B. Wheeler, was sent to Jenersnn City, Mo., to set a geodetic and elevation
moDnment in the State capitol grounds, and to determine <ind mark its latitude,
Wgitnde, and elevation by connection with the Commission's secondary triangula-
tion system and line of precise levels; also to set a small marking stone which, with
the above monument, should indicate a true meridian. On the completion of this
»ort, August 3, the pArty proceetled to Kansas City, where they connected the Com-
DUKion^s secondary triangulation system with the primary system of the U. S. Coast
and Geodetic Survey. In addition to this two monuments on the Kansas-Missouri
State line and a permanent point on the boundary between Platte and.Clay counties,
Xo., were located ; six triangulation points for future harbor use were located and
iDarked in Kansas City, Mo., and Kansas City, Kans. ; and the azimuth of three
bridges determined. The field work was completed August 23. For details of this
York and its reduction see Assistant Engineer Wheeler's report. (Ai)pendix A 1.)
■ Mopping.— Of the series of maps of the Missouri River, to be photolithographed,
eomprising 83 inch-mile maps and 9 index maps, and extending from the mouth of
the river to Three Forks, Mont, (numbering begins from mouth), the status at the
l>e)nniiing of the fiscal year was as follows :
The originals of inch-mile maps Nos. 1-16, 18, 19, 22, 24-27, and 73-83, and of
iidex map No. 9, had been completed; and those of inch-mile maps Nos. 17, 20, 21,
8, and or index map No. 1, were in progress. Inch-mile maps Nos. 1-14, 76. 77, and
60-83 ha<l been published. Inch-mile maps Nos. 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 24-27, 78, and 79,
■ttd index map No. 9, were in the hands of the printer. Proofs had been received of
ioch-mile maps Nos. 24, 25, 78, and 79, and had been returned for printing.
During the present fiscal year inch-mile maps Nos. 17, 20, 21, 23, and 41-72, cover-
iBjj 1,146 miles, river distance, and index maps 1-3 and 6-8, have beon completed,
lacb-mile maps Nos. 28-38, covering 311 miles, river distance, and index maps Nos.
4 and 5, are yet to be completed. Inch-mile maps Nos. 39 and 40, and index maps
Noa. 4 and 5, are in progress.
Printed editions of inch-mile maps Nos. 15-27, 54, 56, 61-75, 78, and 79 and index
BtapsNoe. 1-3 and 9 have been received during the year. Nos. 41-53, 55. and 57-60
and index maps Nos. 6-8 are in the hands of the printer. Proofs of inch-mile maps
Koa. 57-60 have been received, corrected, and returned for printing.
On the office detail maps (scale 1 inch = 1,000 feet) corrections, additional infor-
Bution, titles, and scales have been put on Nos. 1-27 (mouth to 8ioux City) and on
the 32 maps from Fort Benton, Mont., to Three Forks, Mont. Reference notes and
anthorities have also been put on the latter 32 maps, and on an office index map
(acale 1 inch =2 miles) covering the Fort Benton Three Forks section of the river.
A comparative map has been begun, on which are to be platted, one above another,
tbe results of annniu surveys of the Jefferson City reach from Claysville to Isbell,
iii«»the platting of the results of the surveys of 1890, 1891, 1892, and 1893 is nearly
completed.
Au mapping work ha^ been under supervision of Assistant Engineer O. B. Wheeler.
LeteJs. — The reduction of the notes of precise level work, done between May 22
tod June 27» 1893y^y the party under Assistant Engineer O. H. B. Turner, in con-
3084 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMT.
necting with the preoise leyel line of 1892 the Commission's gauges at Blair, Nebr. ;
Plattsmoiith, Nebr. ; Nebraska City, Nebr. ; Rnlo, Nebr. ; Brownville, Nebr. ; Ran-
dolph, Mo., and Dewitt, Mo., referred to in Secretarj^'s last Annual Report, was
completed in the office. >
A small party under Assistant Engineer Turner was engaged between September
23 and Novenioer 3, 1893, in connecting by carefully checked Y level* with the
precise level line such stone lines as had not been been connected with when the
precise level line was run. Levels were also rerun by the party oyer ten stone lines,
on which the original notes showed that the levels had not been properly checked.
The notes of the party's work have since been reduced in the office.
Comparative profiles were made showing, from St. Joseph to the mouth, the dis-
crepancies between the Commission's direct and reverse precise level line of 1892,
the precise level lino of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the Commission's
stone line levels of 1884-1890. Thd locations of all the precise level bench marks
from the mouth of the river to Sioux City have been plotted on the office detail
maps. The level notes of all the stone lines, from the mouth to Sioux City and from
Fort Benton, Mont., to Three Forks, Mont., have been recomputed. A list and
descriptions of all the Commission's bench marks between these same points are
being prepared for publication and are nearly completed.
Full details of the year's level work in tield and office will be found in Assistant
Engineer Turner's report (Appendix A 2).
Special Surveys, — A survey was made December 18-21, 1893, at the St. Charles
bridge, to determine locations and elevations of obstructions, composed of loose rock
and remains of old cribs and dykes, under and near the first span from the St.
Charles side.
Careful measurements were made at the two bridges over the Missouri River
below Sioux City — Bellefontaine Bluffs, Missouri and Leavenworth,Kan8. — completed
during the fiscal year, to determine the lowest points of superstructure, clear open-
ing between piers, and width and batter of piers.* At the latter bridge a survey
was also made to determine location of certain dikes constructed by the bridge com-
pany.
The following special surveys were made under the direction of the division
engineers during the year :
Little Tavern Creek, Missouri, to Rhineland Landing, Missouri.
Missouri River at Murrays Bend.
Jllissouri River at Barkersville Crossing.
Head of Stanley Island, Missouri, to Little Tavern Creek, Missouri.
Osage Point, Missouri, to Herds Landing, Missouri.
Little Tavern Creek, Missouri, to mouth of Gasconade River, Missouri.
In addition to the above, Division Engineer Fox kept a small survey party almost
continuously in the field during construction operations, sounding on ranges and
dike lines, giving grade and line to dike parties, on slope observations, partial
shore line work, establishment and verification of local gauges, and in miscellaneous
work incident thereto.
GAUGES AND PHYSICAL DATA.
At the date of the lost Annual Report 21 permanent gauges were maintained by
the Commission. These have been read continuously during the year. The read-
ings of the standard cable gauge on the bridge at Randolph, Mo., began July 2,
1893, and have since been continuous. A standard cable gauge was established
March 13, 1894, on the new railway bridge at Bellefontaine Bluffs, Missouri, and has
since been read regularly. In addition to these temporary gauges have been main-
tained by the division engineers, readings of which have been sent weekly to this
office as follows: From Ewings Landing, Missouri, throughout the year; from Her-
man, Mo., for 7i months, and from Gasconade, Mo., for 7^ months. Headings have also
been received weekly throughout the year from the gauge at Bismark, N. Dak., and
for portions of the year from the gauges at Fort Benton, Mont. ; Wolf Point, Mont. ;
Fort Buford, N. Dak., and Running Water, S. Dak. Through the courtesy of Capt.
H. F. Hodges, Corps of Engineers, the Commission has been furnished with sUl
records of the upper river gauges on file in his office, thus coiupleteiug the record
of all gauges on the river to the end of the present fiscal year.
Three complete tours of inspection of all the gauges below the Big Sionx River
have been satisfactorily made during the year by Assistant Engineer L. P. Butler :
one in September, 1893; one in November and December, 1893, and one in Maj* and
June, 1894. At the November-December inspection all the gauges were regraduated
or so changed as to read precise level elevations above the St. Louis Directrix, ^ew
*The results of these measurements are shown .in the table appended (Appendix
A 3) and on the accompanying plate.
APPENDIX T Y ^REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3085
inclined wooden gauges inrere erected at Brownville, Nebr.. and Dewitt, Mo., and all
BecessuT repairs to tne gauges were made.
The pilot bulletin service, exhibiting the daily stage of the river at all the Com-
mii8ioii*B gauges beloi^v Kansas City, was discontinued for l^e winter at the end of
KoTember. The service air Kansas City was, at the request of local steamboatmen,
coDtinned through the winter. At the guage stations below Kansas City the ser-
Tice was resumed March 16. A balletin was erected in the spring on the new bridge
at Mlefontaifle Blitifs, Missouri, exhibiting its tirst reading April 16. The bulletins
indicate heights above a zero 5 feet below the mean low- water stagQ during naviga-
tion seaaons at each station ; and their readings should agree exactly with those o£
the Weather Bureau at Kansas City, and should differ but slightly therefrom at
other stations.
Fall details of the year's gauge work will be found in the report of Assistant
Engineer A. H. Blaisdell. (Appendix A 4.)
m results of borings made in the river valley at Leavenworth, Kans., Jefferson
City, Mo., and St. Charles, Mo., since the date of the last report on borings, will be
ibondin an appended report. (Appendix A 5.) '
Assigtant Engineer J. A. Seddon has carried his study of flood movement as far
uptiie river as Kansas City, and has made a preliminary study of regimen through-
OQt the same length of river. The outline is given in his report. (Appendix A 6.)
Assistant Engineer C. M. Winchell has prepared an index of the survey and physi
ol data published in the annual reports of the Missouri River Commission from
IK to 1893, inclusive. (Appendix A 7.)
COAIMERCIAL STATISTICS.
f Ifethods similar to those of last year have been followed for obtaining the amount
of commerce on tbe Missouri River for the calendar year 1893. The results are given
is the report on this subject appended. (Appendix A 8.)
ESTIMATES. *
Office and traveling expenses and salaries of commission $20, 000
SvTeys, gauges, physical data, and publications 30, 000
Total 50,000
Appendix A 1.
ANNUAI- REPORT OF O. B. WHEELER, ASSISTANT EKGIXEBR, 1894.
Ofmce Missouri River Commission,
St, Loui$y Mo,f June 30, 1894,
Sir: I have the honor to report herewith upon the field work and reductions of
nrvey work done by Assistant Engineer O. H. B. Turner and myself in July and
Aujfuat last, viz:
First. Setting a geodetic and elevation monument, together with a meridian stone
outhe State capitol grounds at Jefferson City, Mo.
Second. Connecting the commission's secondary triangulation system with the
primary triangniation system of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survev at Kansas
City, Mo.
The purpose of the monuments at Jefferson City is tq record latitude, longitude,
elevation, and a true meridian on the State capitol grounds. The stones are of
Missouri red granite, or syenite, and are of the following dimensions: The larger,
one is 20 inches by 20 inches in section and 81 inches long over all; the smaller,
8 inches by 8 inches in section and 57^ inches long over all. Both stones are placed
48 inches In the ground and for this length have the quarry face. For 30 inches
above the ground the larger stone is dressed and polished on all sides and terminates
at the top in a truncated pyramid 3 inches in height with an upper base H inches
square.
For 8 inches above the ground the smaller stone is patent hammer dressed on
three sides and dressecl and polished on the fourth, and terminates at the top in a
tnincatod pyramid 1-^ inches high with an upper base 1^ inches square. In each
stone in the center of the small upper base is set vertically a bolt of hard-hammered
brass one-half inch in diameter and 2f inches long with a slightly convex head. A
bole of one-sixteenth inch diameter and one-half inch deep is drilled vertically
C
3086 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
through the center of each convex head, and these are the points astronomically and
hypaometrically located.
The following diagrams give the wording on the ditierent faces of the main mon-
ument: »
E^
Latitude
38° 34' 44.08"
Longitade
92° lO* 21.37"
U.S.
MiBSOuri
River
Coinmisaion
1893.
Blevation
of top
above mean
Gulf level
627.86 Ft.
U. 8. .
On the north face of the smaller stone is lettered: Mo. R. C. This meridian stone
1893.
is 426 feet south fn>ra the main monument.
The latitude and longitude given depend npon the astronomical determitiation of
the dome of the Morrison Observatory at Glasgow^ Mo., as published in Publica<
tions of the Morrison Observatory, Glasgow, Mo., 1885, and as trannferred to Jeffer-
son City by the secondary triangnlation of the Missouri River, under the Missouri
River Commission, which is published in their annual report for 1887.
The elevation given depends upon the elevation of the St. Louis City directrix
as determined by the Mississippi River Commission and published in their annual
report for 1883, and upon a line of precise levels run by the Missouri River Commis-
sion in 1892 and published in their annual report for 1893.
The geodetic position of the dome of the capitol is: Latitude = 38^ 34' 45.22":
longitude =r 92" 10' 22.64 ".
This position will be found to differ from that furnished in manuscript in 1892 to
the Commission by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (which was from an astro-
nomical determination in 1881 at St. Louis, Mo., as transferred by triangnlation) by
6.22" in latitude and 2.06" in longitude, the Coast Survey determination being greater
in latitude and less in longitude. It would differ much less from a determination
of the Mississippi River Commission at Cairo, 111., if the latter is transferred by
triangnlation. These differences are principally due to what is known as local
deviation of the plumb line.
- The elevation will also be found to differ from that derived from the Coast Survey,
being about 1 meter greaterthan that of the Coast Survey if their value from Mobile,
Ala., be adopted, or about eight-tenths of a meter less if their value from Sandy
Hook, N. J., be adopted.
The stones were dressed, polished, and lettered by Filsinger <fe Fruth, of St. Louis,
Mo., and the IJ. S. Steamer JVm, Stone delivered them on the river bank at Jefferson
City.
Under the instructions of the secretary of the Commission Assistant Engineer 0.
H. li. Turner and myself left St. Louis on July 23 and on the 24th met Division Engi-
neer Yonge at Jefferson City, who rendered us every assistance. The governor and
secretary of state were called upon to assist in giving the exact site for the main
monument, which was practically that selected by the secretary of the commission
earlier and was upon the grass plat of the upper terrace just to the right, or north, of
the main entrance to the capitol.
The setting was done by day labor. For each stone a bed of concrete, 4 feet by 4
feet by 1 foot, was placed 4 feet below the surface of the ground and allowed one day
to set. The stone was set upon this, carefully oriented and plumbed and concreted
to within one-half foot of the surface of the ground. Befote the smaller stone could
be set or the linal figures for latitude, longitude, and elevation could be cut it was
necessary to make a geodetic connection with st-ations of secondary triangnlation
and to get the elevation of the top of the monument above a precise level bench
mark. It was found that A Cedar (which is also a (.^oast Survey statix)n) 2^ miles
northeast from the capitol, had been disturbed by some one in search for Indian relics
in the mound upon which it is located and all the surface reference atones had been
removed. A pickle bottle, filled with wood ashes, was found 18'iuches below the
disturbed surface and was no doubt the subsurface mark of the Coast Survey and
probably in its original place; but it seemed advisable to check its position. Aceord-
uigly A Ulrich and A Ewing were occupied with the Trough ton & Simms 12- inch
APPENDIX Y Y REPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3087
thtodolite of the Miasissippi River CoininiBsioii. The third angle at A Cedar (ap-
pioiiiuat€!) waa resu.1 and computation made to restore A Cedar to its former old posi-
tion and to leave tlie values piiblished on page 3048 of the Chief of Engineer's Report
foil8K7 undlHtiirbecL. To mark the restored A Cedar the u9ual subsurface stone of
the t'ommisBion -was placed 5 feet below the surface. The surface stone of the Coast
Survey waa placed above and their reference stones were placed as follows. On the
meruUan to the north at a distance of 80 feet measuring down the hillside, which is
dcprtsstrd at an angle of 17"^ with the horizon, one stone was set, and on the merid-
ian to the south at a distance of 118.25 feet measuring down the hillside, which is
deprened at an angle of 14^^ with the horizon, the other reference stone was set.
Careful angles ^nrere then read with the theodolite above mentioned at A Cedar
aodatthe main iqonument for the transfer of the azimuth of the line A Cedar — A
Ulrichto a true meridian line at the main monument, and the smaller stone was set
on this meridian at a distance of 426 feet south.
The geodeti c positions above given are from carefully read angles at stations Cedar,
Eving, and Ulrich, and the elevation is determined with a Kern precise level from
T.B.M. 197 (on circular step in front of main entrance to oapitol), checked by read-
ings oft U. S. C. S. B. M. XX vll, values and descriptions for which bench marks were
pablished in the last annual report.
Final pontion, — The top of the main monument is 0.86 foot above T. B. M. 197. It
is 24. 6 feet south and 100.4 feet east from the center of the dome of the capitol. From
it^^ Cedar is 11,108.1 feet and bears N. 46° 21' 13" E. '•
The latitude, longitude, and elevation are, as above given, viz :
Latitude 38^ 34' 44.98"
Longitude 92° 10' 21.37"
Ele/atiou above mean gnlf level 627.86 feet.
Welefb Jefferson City on August 3 and arrived at Kansas City, Mo., on the same
dsr.
the primary triangnlation stations of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey easiest
of access were A Bowler, 17 miles southeast from Kansas City, and A Marty, in
Kansas, 10 miles southwest from Kansas City. The line connecting these stations is
17 miles in length, and the stations are intervisible from the surface of the ground;
bat to reach Kansas City it was necessary to locate a third station, A Hice, on a
high ridge 9 miles sonth from Kansas City. Angles were read from these three sta-
tions wiUi the Tronghton &. Simms- 12-inch theodolite, using small (three-fourths
mcb) heliotrope lights for targets. The usual eight sets of repetitions of each angle
were generally obtained. Numerous points were read upon in Kansas City and Inde-
pendence, bnt only two located which were identical with points located from the
aecondary trianguJation of the Missouri River. A section corner stone on the State
line between Missouri and Kansas was located.
To locate more points in the vicinity of Kansas City, A Buster and A Wayne of the
•eeondary triangnlation were occupied with the Tronghton &. Simins 12-inch theodo-
hte, and the usual eight sets obtained on each aup;le. Some of the points thus
located were occupied with the small theodolite, Buff & Berger No. 176, and the
work was carried on with the smaller instrument. Nine points were thus located
and marked, when practicable — one of these being on the State line on the Armour
packing house, and one on the line between Platte and Clay counties on the north
aide of the river at the water's edge.
The data from the Coast Survey used is from the manuscript of 1892, above referred
to, and is as follows :
Stat {oQ. Latitude. Longitude.
ABovler...
AMarty....
38 53 20. 659
38 59 27.390
3 '
94 23 40.111
94 40 15.038
Axmutb ^ Bowler to A Marty 115^20 19.:{8"
Aciorath A Martv to A Bowler 295^09' 51. fW"
Biitance A Bowfer to A Marty meters.. 20.509.27
From this data, in connection with our angle, the position of the tower of the court-
bonae at Independence is :
Latitrfde=39^ 06' 37.30", longitude=94o 24' 58.16".
Thepofli viOD aXbo from the main spire of the Central Presbyterian church, in Kansas
City, Mo., is :
Utitude=39^ 06'. 14.69", longitude =94*^ 34' 15.99".
3088 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMT.
The positions of these same two points when made to depend upon data of the Mis-
souri River triangulation given in the Commission's report for 1887 and our present
angles are :
Latitude.
Indepeudence coart-bonse "...; 39 05 20.89
Central Presbyterian church i 39 06 07.63
Longitnde.
94 24 59.66
94 34 17.46
Or the difference in position as given hy the two systems of survey for the coui-t-
house is 6.41" in latitude and 1.50" in longitude; the Coast Survey determination
being greater in latitude and less in longitude. A like comparison at Jefferson City,
noticed earlier in this report^ gives 6.22" in latitude and 2.06" in longitude. Hence
the discrepancy between the two surveys is 6.41" — 6.22"= +0.19" = +19 feet in
latitude and 1.50" — 2 .06 " = — 0.56" = 44 feet in longitude in a net of triangulition of
about 160 miles length betweexi Independence and J efferson City. Since the azimuth
error in this nearly east and west direction can affect the discrepancy in longitude but
little, this 44 feet may he taken to represent the approximately true discrepancy in
distance between the two scff veys. This discrepancy is approximately three-tenths
of a foot in a mile, or one in 15,000, and is too^mall to he shown on the soale of any
map covering so great a distance.
The following tables give the geodetio positions of points in the vicinity of Kan-
sas City referred to the latitude and longitude of Morrison Observatory, or to the
data of the Commission as given in their report for 1887 :
Station.
Latitude.
Bftwler(lT. S.C.andG.S.)
Marty (U.S. C. and G.S.) .'
Kice (U. S. C. and G. S.)
Court-hoase (cupola) Independence
Central Preaby terian church (spire)-
Second Presbyterian church (spire tJ. S. C. and G. S.) .
Cathedral spire (U. 6. C. and G. S.)
College of Redemptorist Fathers, cupola (U. S. C. and G. S.)
State line (stone 3) Missouri and Kansas (IT. S. C. and G. S.)
State lino (stone 1) MiMsonri and Kansas ( U. S. C. and G. S.)
State line (stone section corner) Missouri and Kansas
State line (stone 2) Missouri and Kansas (U. S. C. and G. S.)
State line (Armour) Missouri and Kansas
Conntv line between Platte and Clay counties which was originally
the Missouri State line
Bridge (nortn end embankment), Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul
R.K I
Bridge (north pier, ea.st side), Hannibal and St. iToseph R. R
Bridge (north pier, east side), Missouri Pacific K. R.. Kaw River
New York Life (roof, northeast comer)
Evans (roof over elevator shaft)
38 58
38 59
38 59
39 05
39 06
39 05
89 06
39 03
38 46
38 52
38 56
88 59
39 06
39 08
39 06
39 06
39 06
39 06
14.25
20.98
50.80
30.69
07.63
54.02
01.33
59.75
01.02
59.74
15.22
08.59
18.97
39 09 37.20
50.16
51.10
47.28
12.86
27.17
I
Longitude.
94 23
94 40
94 28
94 24
94 34
94 35
94 35
94 35
94 36
94 36
94 36
94 20
94 86
41.61
17.14
50.53
59.66
17.46
15.52
22.51
21.63
32.19
30.30
30.11
31.57
26.80
94 86 07.15
94 32
94 35
94 86
94 35
94 35
05.84
22.37
53.60
02.98
23.45
Stations.
Rice to Bowler
Rice to Marty
Rice to court-house
Rice to Central Presbyterian church
Marty to Central Presbyterian church
Buster to court-house
Wayne to court-house
Wayne to Central Presbyterian church
Buster to Central Presbyterian church
Wavne to bridge, Chicago, Milwaukee and
St. Paul
Kansas City to bridge, Chicago, Milwaukee
and St. Paul
Kansas City to New York Life
Bridge, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul to
New York Life
Kansas City to bridge, Hannibal and St. .Toseph
New York Life to oridge, Hannibal and St.
Joseph
Kansas City to Evans
Azimuth.
Back asimuth. !
Distance.
328 39
86 52
207 52
145 57
214 33
323 23
5 44
69 23
40 07
28.6
27.2
33.0
01.8
31.4
00.5
20.0
09.8
02.2
148 42
266 45
27 54
325 53
34 37
143 25
185 44
249 17
220 04
202 36 35.9
V9
41
87
16
44
AO. d
30.7
00.6
158
76
26
10
50.5
0&4
42.8
15.2
58.5
35.8
18.0
57.2
03.0
00.9
06.9
88 32 43.7 268 27 67.7
22 37 14.7
244 47 05.3
221 14 38.9
267 42 35.4
338 26 88.3
255 08 43.5
Feet.
Meters.
46.96L33
14.313.60
64.295
16, 548. 98
38,931.3
11.866.1
46, 035. 2
14,03L4
49, 982. 3
15. 2;i4. 5
37, 013. 8
11,28L7
21.203
6. 462. 6
16,010.6
49, 247. 7
33,988.6
10,359.6
35, 704. 7
10. 882. 7
12, 589. 5
3, 837 2
10, 079. 9
3. 072. 3
21,171.3
6.453
10, 056. 1
3,247.9
4, 159. 9
1,267.9
11, 104. 6
3.884.7
APPE>?DIX Y Y REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3089
StaiioiiH.
Distance.
Aeimuth.
Back azimuth.
- — _ ._
t
0
/
//
Feet.
Meters.
0
131
52
59.5
311
52
46.6
2, 167. 7
660.7
87
25
06.3
267
22
43.5
17,856
5, 442. 4
105
59
02.5
2K5
58
05.6
7, 393. 2
2, 253. i
80
34
49.6
260
34
09.0
5, 062. 2
1,543.9
57
23
07.9
237
22
27.3
6, 030. 4
1, 838. 1
86
55
39.2 '
266
54
41.6
7, 203. 1
2, 195. 5
139
09
00.4
319
07
06.4
21,601.6
6, 602. 4
169
51
08.2 1
349
50
41.2
19, 532. 6
5,953.5
Kev York Life to Kvans
Cabms City to bridge, Missouri Pacific
Stus to bridge, MisaoiiTi Pacific
Eraaa to Armour
Sridgr, Hannibal and St. Joseph to Armour.
Brid|;e. Hannibal and St. Joseph to bridge,
Misaonri Pacific
Kaaus City to point on county line
£>us to point on county lino
Aasath of Cbicaeo, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad bridge 158 55
Aiivoili of Hannibal and St. Joseph KaUroad bridge 160 48
Admntb of Missouri Pacific Railroad bridge 162 19
I>BSCRIPTIONS OF POINTS PERMANKNTLY MARKED.
•
Deecriptions of stations Baster, Wayne, and Kansas City aro G^iveu in the Com-
Bission's report for 1887. Those Rtations marked U. S. C. &. G. S. may be had
&tKB the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Office, and the new ones which it was
pncticable to mark are as follows:
^tt\8 aboat li miles southwest from Raytown, Mo., on a high ridge between the
lifticand Big Blue rivers, on land owned by Mr. K. C. Rice. It is near the center
rftbe SW. i of the NW. i of sec. 8, T, 48 N., R. 32 VV. It is 120 paces south from
tlM north side of the 40 and 174 paces east from the stone fence of the road alon^
tie Test side of the 40 paces (assnmed to be 3 feet each). It is marked by a 2-inch
iraapile4^ feet in length, driven down nearly flush with the surface of the ground.
Section comer on State line is that between the fractional sections 26 and 35 of T.
128. and R. 23 E. from the sixth principal meridian.
Bridge, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, is 128.5 feet northerly from the center
•f the north pier of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad bridge, in line with
the west guard rail prolonged, is on the curved embankment 5 feet west from the
Teit raU, and about 4 feet east from a signal post. It is a gas pipe driven into
tfe ground Tvith its top 3 inches below surface.
Bridge, Hannibal and St. Joseph, is a nail of the survey of 1890 driven in a masonry
Hat OQ the east end of the north pier of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad bridge.
Bridge, Missouri Pacific, is on tlie east end of the north pier of the Missouri Pacific
Inroad bridge over the Kaw River. It is a nail wedged between the iron bed
piit» and is 5 inches west/rom the east edges of the be(l plates.
New York Life is on the roof of the New York Life Insurance building, near the
^beast comer. It is a cross cut in the tile of the roof at a distance of 2.68 feet
^the east wall and 2.50 feet from the north wall.
Evans is on the building of the Evans Drug Company, on Fifth street near Wash-
iigton street. It is on the roof of the elevator shaft at the northwest corner of the
Gilding and is marked by the head of a screw.
Annonr is on the State line, on the south wall of the office of the Armour packing
boose. It is marked by a cross cut in a brick. The State line is also marked by a
vertical line on the wall of the south side of said office.
Point on county line is on the county line between Platte and Clay counties. Mo.
Itisafenc« post 55 feet south from the center of the railroad track and at the water's
cdzeon the north side of the Missouri River.
In the office reduction of the notes I have been assisted by Assistant Engineer Tur-
ner and Computer C. E. Taylor.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
O. B. Wheeler,
Assistant Engineer.
Appendix A 2.
annual report of o. ii. b. turner, assistant engineer, 1894.
Office Missouri River Commission,
St. Louis, Mo., June 30, 1894.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on field and office work
uider my charge for the past year.
It was decid^ in September to send out a party to connect with the lino of pre-
cise levels, by a carefully checked line of levels,' all bench marks and stone lines,
ENG 94 IM
3090 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Tvliicb had not beeu couiiected at timo of nmuing the precise line on ac<!onnt of
their diKtanco from it; uor had any connection by wye levels been rnn at time stone
line was put in, as the bench marks of 1880 and 1881 from which the stone lines were
established were found to bo unreliable.
The party left St. Loiiis^ September 23, for Crescent, Iowa, the farthest point at
which work was required.
The party consisted of an assistant engineer and two rodnien, and such additional
force us was required was employed where necessary. This was done to save trans*
portation.
Work was begun on September 25 and continued until November 3, when work
was completed at BoonviUe, Mo.
As stone lines 48-41, inclusive, had been leveled in one direction, they were con-
sidered unreliable and it was thought best to rerun them. Assistant Engineer L. P.
Butler reported at Glasgow, Mo., October 25, to assist in rerunning these liueS; as
the river crossings could be made much better by two parties than by one.
With but two exceptions these isolated stone lines and benches were connected
with precise bench marks, and in these cases, connection was made to benches tliat
were reliable.
No very large discrepancies were found, except on stone line No. 101, where an
error of nearly 2 feet was discovered. There were several discrepancies of from 1
to 0.2 of a foot.
All stone lines and bench marks that were donbtful were rerun or good connection
made to rejiable benches.
There were 70 miles of checked levels run and 8 river crossings made. Party was
out forty-two days, including time in going from St. Louis to the tleld and in returning.
The total cost of survey, including transportation and expressage of instruments,
was $719.90, or $10.28 per mile of checked levels. The cost per mile, exclusive of
transportation and expressage of instruments, was $8.35.
Bench mark No. — has been washed out by the river; No. -^ could not be found,
^nd was said to have been covered by drifts ood and deposits of sand.
Since returning from the field the notes have been cheeked and the new values of
bench marks tabulated.
The field notes of precise level survey of May and June have been reduced and
checked, descriptions of bench marks have been written up, and all are now in form
for publication. No errors were found in the field notes, and all lines check within
the precise limit.
The probable error per kilometer for the whole lino is JtO*^^ mm.
The i^recise leveling rods X and XIII have been compared with the standard meter
of Mississippi River Commission and found to be of normal length.
These rods were compared in April, 1863, by Assistant Engineer O. W. Ferguson,
and found to have been long, but as they had just returifed from a field season near
the gulf, no weight was given to that comparison.
For my report on field operations see Appendix A 7 of report of Missouri River
Commission for 1893.
On account of so many large discrepancies being found between the precise levels
and the ordinary levels, two of which proved on examination to be errors of com-
putation, it was decided to recompute the level notes over stone lines from the
month of river to Sioux City, Iowa, and from Fort Benton to Three Forks, Mont.
The large discrepancies between the precise and the ordinary levels were found
to be due (1) to errors in the field notes, lines not checking and this fact not 'being
discovered; or (2) to errors of computation ; or (3) to stone lines having been put in
from old bench marks which either were not identified or were in error.
Quite a number of small changes were made from the former reduction.
The elevations of the bench marks as reduced depend on precise bench marks, gen-
erally not more than 3 or 4 miles distant; so no large discrepancy may be expected.
The level notes between Fort Benton and Three Forks, Mont., were recomputed
and a correction of-f 13.522 feet was applied to elevation of B. M. 4^, at Fort Benton.
This elevation of B. M. ^ was brought down from Northern Pacific Railroad levels
nt Oallntin, Mont., by Assistant Engineer Q. A. Marr in 1890.
The correction of +13.522 feet depends on elevation of B. M. 4, at Fort Benton, as
determined from the precise benches of Missouri River Commission at Sioux City,
Iowa, by survey parties under Capto. C. F. Powell and H. F. Hodges and the Mis-
souri River Commission.
A book of bench marks is now being prepared and is nearly completed. This
book will contain (1) all benchmarks ot 1881 and 1882, also those of former surveys
that were connected with at that time; (2) all bench marks of stone lines put in
from 1884 to 1890; (3) all precise bench marks of 1887, 1892, and 1893 also all precise
temporary bench marks that were considered sufficiently permanent for future use.
Tt is proposed to designate the degree of accuracy of these bench marks by names
and by the use of large and small type.
APPENDIX Y Y ^BEPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMT8SIOK. 3091
The bench maiiES inclnded in this book are from month of river to 8ioax City,
Iowa, and from Fort BeDton, Mont.^ to Three Forks, Mont.
The precise bench marks from Sioux City, Iowa, to St. Joseph, Mo., have been
pUtt(d on the detail maps, scale 1 inch = 1.000 feet. At tiqie of running precise
line accnrmte stadia distances were taken to located points of topography, and as
liBe of levels was along the railroad the bench marks have been plattied on the detail
ihtete with about the same degree of aocaracy as that of the adjacent topography.
Summary of veork done by Assistant Engineer O. W. Ferguson :
The remaining work on field notes that was unfinished at end of fiscal year 1893
VIS eompleted.
The precise and temporary precise bench marks were platted on detail sbeets, Hcale
1 inch =1,000 feet, from St. Joe to mouth of river.
SeTeral profile sheets were made in office :
One showing the discrepancies between the Missouri River Commission precise-
lere] line and the bench marks connected with by precise-level party from St. Joe
to month of ri ver ;
A aecond showing discrepancies between direct and reverse precise level line, from
St Joe to month of river ;
i third showing discrepancies between U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and
Xisioari River Commission's precise levels from Kansas City to St. Louis ; and
A fourth showing limit of error of closure between precise-level lines over same
stretch.
The following is a summary of work of Y level survey under my charge :
Fluty was out forty -two days, including time in going to and from work.
Miles.
fiirer distance covered 467
Line leveled and checked 70
£irer crossings made 8
PReiae bench marks connected with 25
Ordinary bench marks connected with 37
SUmeltnes connected with * ...« 21
StoDS lines rerun 10
Very respectfuUy, your obedient servant,
O. H. B. Turner,
' A88i»tan t Engineer,
AESCRIPTIONS AND KLEVATIONS OF PRECISE LEVEL BENCH MARKS OF SPECIAL
SUEVBT FROM BLAIR, NEBR., TO DE WITT, MO.
All elevations are given in both meters and feet, and refer to St. Louis City direc-
trix as zero. The elevation of this above Biloxi sea level is 412.731 feet.
A P. B. M. is a precise bench mark that is set to be practically permanent.
All P. B. Ms., excepting 327 B, which is a cross on B. M. stone, are (1) top of cop-
ftt bolts in regulation B. M. stone, or (2) center of copper bolt set horizontally, or
(3) marks on bridge piers.
The value of the meter used is 3.2806693 feet.
Komber.
P.ail.360=Ȥ'
Top of cap, P. B. M.
P.B.H.30OA
T«por CH^. P-B.M.
3tO A.
P.B.1I.860B
Description.
Is 758 feet east of the depot at California Junction, Har-
rison County, Iowa, in the northwest comer of A. W.
Smith's orchard. 3 feet fVom each fence and 59 feet sonth
of St. Croix and Penobscot By. ; being copper bolt in
B. M. stoBf
Is about 21 miles west of California Junction, Iowa, 272
feet northeast from Frepiont Zimmerman's house, about
320 feet east from west lino of section 17, 3D feet south
from track center of the Fremont, Elkhom and Mis-
aonii Valley Bailrosd, and 5 feet north of south rij^ht-
of-way fence. The bench is across (+), cut in regula-
tion stone, 4 inch east of hole in center and next to the
letters IT. S.
Is on west pier of railroad bridge across Missouri River,
near Blair, Kebr. Is centec of circle on west coping
stone on south end of west pier. The letters B. M. i
cut in stone just north of bench.
are
Elevation.
Meters.
179.8060
181. 0662
180.7110
181. 9554
194.3163
Feet.
590. 117
594. ISO
592.889
596.972
037.526
3092 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Descriptions and elevations of precise level bench niarksj etc, — Continued.
Number.
P. B. M. 360 C=if ' .
Gauge B. M., Blair,
Nobr.
P. B. M. 336= ^fi
Top of cap, P. B. M.
336= Vii^.
P.B.M.336A=4^.
Top of cap, P. B. M.
336 A=H'.
Gaufrc B. M., Plattfl
mouth.
P. B.M.33eB = 4l,
Plattsmoutb.
Top of cap, P. B. M.
336 B.=iK-
P. B. M. 327^ ,
Top of cap, P. B. M.
327.
P.B.'m.327 A ,
Top of cap, P. B. M.
327 A.
P. B. M. 327 B, Ne-
braska City, Nebr.
Gaiigo B. M., Ne-
braaka City, Nobr.
P. B. M. 318= 4«,
Phelps, Mo.
Top of cap, P. B. M.
318=^$".
P. B. M. 318 A = i§»
Top of cap, P. B. M.
318 A=^J?.
P. B. M. 318 B --= iJV
Top of cap. P. B. M.
318B=»«».
P. B.M.304
Description.
Is on west pier of railroad bridge across Missouri Biver,
near Blair, Nebr. Is a cut on top of coping of north
end of pier with the letters U. S.
Is on west pier of railroad bridge across Missouri Kiror,
near Blair, Nebr. The bench m in south side of pier, in
third course of masonry, below lower coping stone, is
upper surface of a projection 0.5 feet below top of alone
2.3 feet northwest from south corner of pier.
Is about Ik miles southwest of Pacific Junction, Mills
County, Iowa, on land ow'ned by Charles Kroon, 32 feet
oast, 51 feet south of the northwest comer of the north-
east quarter of the northeast quarti^r of section 32, T. 72
and N., K. 43 W., being copner bolt in B. M. stone.
Is alM>ut 1^ miles east of railroad bridge across Missouri
Kiver at Plattaniouth, Nebr. ; is on south side of east
and west road, 128 feet east and 40 feet south of north-
west comer section 31, T. 72N., R. 43 W., in doorvard
of Mifls Lizzie Smith, being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
On top of stone foundation of north end of first iron bent
west of the west stone pier of the railroad bridge across
MiHAouri Kiver at Platt-smouth, Nebr. The B. M. is the
highest part of tlie stone between the grooves at north-
ea8t corner of cros.s (+;.
Is at railroad bridge across Missouri River at Platt«mouth,
Nebr. : is 10 feet south, and on line with first trestle bent
west of west pier, being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Is 3,884 feet northward from depot at Nebraska City
Junction, Fremont County, Iowa, and 45 feet east of
the Kansas City, i^t. Joseph and Council Bhifi's Ky.
track on a sand icnoll, being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Is about If miles we.Mt of Nebraska City Junction, Iowa,
on south side of wagon road running west from Ne-
braMka City Junction to Burlington and Missouri River
K. K. bridge across Missouri River at Nebraska City,
Nobr. ; is 1, 150 feet east of a house on north aide of road
occupied by John Duncan, 3, 130 feet west of where wagon
road crosses Burlington and Missouri track to Payne's
pasture, and 7 feet south of fence, being oopjier bolt in
B. M. stone.
Is in west abutment of Burlington and Missouri River R.
R. bridge across the Missouri River at Nebraska CMty,
Nebr. ; is highest part in center of circle cut in third
stone from west in top course of masonry, and is marked
with letters B. M. on south.
Is on west abutment of Burlington and Missouri River R.
R. bridge across Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebr. ;
it a bench cut iu south side of abutment, about 2 feet
above ground, near southeast corner.
Is at Phelps, Atchison County, Mo., in the northeast
corner of the Methodist churchyard and 38 feet from
the northeast comer of the church, being copper bolt
in B. M. stone.
Is about 1 mile west from Phelps, Mo., on south side of
east and west road, 780 feet west from northeast comer
of SK. i sec. 84, T. 65 N., R. 42 W.. in dooryard of B.
A. DeBuhr, being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Is at Brownville, Nebr., at northwest comer of Main
street and levee, and 122 feet northwest from depot,
being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Is 627 feet son th ward from the depot at Napier, Holt
County, Mo., 287 feet southward from the head block of
the Burlington and Missouri River and the Kansas
City, 8t. Joseph and Council Blufis Ry. Junction, and
43 reet east of the Kansas City. St Josepn and Council
Bluffs Ry. track, being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Elevation.
Meters.
104.3118
181.2517
163. 6743
164.8034
164.4061
165.0420
166.1225
164.7650
166.0031
154.5486
155.7735
154. 4311
155.6705
171. 7516
161. 0375
144. 6501
Feet
637.512
5D4.663
536.904
540.094
530.305
543.453
545.020
540.573
544.634
507.054
511. 07S
506. COB
510. 736
503.404
531.200
474.006
145.8836
478.625
144. 1045
473. OSS
145.4364
477.158
140.0484
401.001
151. 1884
400.020
132. 1610
433.000
APPENDIX Y Y — ^REPOBT OF MISSOURI KIVER COMMISSION. 3093
Descriptions and elevations of precise level bench marks, etc, — Continuetl.
Nmnbt^r.
Top of cap. P. B. M.
3m.
P.B.M.304 A
Top of cap. P. B. M. i
:a^ A.
P.B.M.3IU B 1
Top of cap, P. B.M.
F.B.M. 304 C=V--
Is aboat 650 feet east of the depot at Fortescne, Mo., 59
feet north of center of main track of Burlington and
MiMouri River R. R., and 39 feet west from weHt end of
section house, being copper bolt iu B. M. stone.
Tap of cap, P. B. M.
P.B.M.304I>
G«(i^ B. M., Rulo,
5ebr.
P.B. II. 304 K= y.
lop of cap. P. B. M.
Top of cap, P. B.M.
228= V.
P.B.M.228 A
P.B.M.228B = V-..
Tflipof cap, P. B.M.
228 B=V.
P.B.M. 171 = V ..
Top of cap, P. M. B.
171=Y-
P.B.M.171 A.==V-
Ib about 10,830 feet west from Fortescue, Mo., 66 feet north
of Burlington and Missouri River R. R. track, 650 feet
west of south end of Tarkio Lake, and 23 feet east of a
16- inch blazed cotton wood on land belonging to Collins,
being cupper bolt in B . M. stone.
Is 7,600 feet east from east pier of Burlington and Missouri
River R. R. bridge across the Missouri River at Rulo,
Nebr., 400 feet north of Burlington and Misnuuri River
track center, 20 feet west ot north and south road,
which crossen the line of Burlingrton and Missouri River
R. R. under the first bridge east from river, 82 feet north-
east from small log house occupied by K. Burge and on
land owned by Ben Cunningham, in southeast comer
of cultivated field and 2 feet from comer post of fence,
being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Is in West pier of Burlington and Missouri Rtver R. R.
bridge across Missouri River at Rulo, !Nebr. Is center of
hole in horizontal bolt leaded into west side of granite
pier, in second course of masonry above ground, and in
fourth block from north end, and in third block from
south end of pier. Is 0.3 foot below top of block and
1.8 feet from south end, and 1.5 feet from north end. Is
marked U. S.
(.M.
Is in west face of a eranite block in the west side of the
west pier of Burlington and Missouri River R. R.
bridge at Rulo, Ifebr. The block is in second course of
mofnonry from ground, andis the first stniight blotk from
the south end of pier (the block south being rounded).
The bench is a projection flattened on upper side, and
is 1.7 feet from north end of block and 0.4 foot below
top of block .
Is at Rulo, Nebr., in dooryard of John Stnll, at west side
of Commercial street, aiul 170 feet south from south
line of Stutzen street. Is copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Is on right bank about 3^ miles below Hannibal and St.
JosepTi R. R. bridge across Missouri River at Kansas City,
Mo., five-eighths of a mile southeast of Crescent elevator,
about 2,295 feet north of tile factory, at northeast comer
of intersection of two county roads. 120 feet S. 65° W. of
Lizzie Wright's house; being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Is on west end of north pier of Chicago, Milwaukee and
St Paul R. R. bridge across Missouri River near Kansas
City, Mo. Is center of square cut in cap stone, 1.1 feet
west of west iron girfler of approach, and 1.5 feet south
tram north edge of pier. Tiie letters B. M. are cut in
the stone south of square.
Is on left bank 970 feet above Chicago, Milwaukee and
St. Paul R. R. bridge across the Miasouri River near
Kansas City, Mo., and 25 feet toward river from Wabash
track. Is copiier bolt in B. M. stone.
Is opposite De Witt, Mo., on line runn in geast and west
through center of section 22, T. 53, R. 21 W., 60 feet west
of quarter post between sections 22 and 23, about 820
feet west of S. W. Wood's house at south road fence ;
being copper bolt in B. M. stone.
Is on right bank, opposite De Witt, Mo., andabout one-half
of a mile from Missouri River. Is on east side of north
and south road between sections 15 and 16, and 470 feet
north from southwest comer of section 15 ; being copper
bolt in B. M. stone.
133.3943 ; 437.649
134.5626 ' 441.482
135. 8033 445. 553
132.4888 ! 434.678
133.7246 438.733
i
134. 9474 442. 745
136.1827 I 446.798
137.2540 450.312
I
136.6057 I 448.185
135.8055 ' 445.560
137.0402 449.611
97.8868
321. 154
99.1279 I 325.226
114.9573 377.160
101. 8795
103. 1199
67. 7800
69.0162
67.7440
334. 253
338.323
222.377
226. 433
222.259
3094 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,
Descriptions and elerations of precim lerel bench nuirkSy etc. — Continued.
Number
Top of cap, P. B. M.
171 A=V.
P. B.M. 171B. = V-
Top of cap, P. B. M.
171 B=JM.
Gang6B.M.,I>eWitt,
Mo.
Description.
Klevation.
Meters. ' Fe«t.
In in De Witt, Mo., at foot of blnff, 350 feet we«t from <
Wabash depot, S5 feet sonth from center of Jefferson \
street, in comer of lot owned by W. M . Rogers. Is cop- i
per bolt in B. M. stone. |
Is nail in root on \ires1 side of a double locust about 2 feet
in diameter, 50 feet from river bank, and 50 feet from
warehouse on side nearest rix'er, al>out 560 feet down
river from depot at I>e Witt, Mo.
68.0843
71.5594
228.328
234.777
72.7084 238.842
70.5865 ! 231.585
TABULATION OF PRECI6K LEVEL RESULTS, BLAIR, NEBR., TO DE WITT, MO., 1893.
In the table of results colamn 1 gives the bench mark, T. B. M., signifying tempo-
rary bench mark, and P. B. M., signifying precise level bench mark.
Column 2 gives the bench mark from which that in column 1 was determined.
Column 3 gives the length of stretch in meters.
Column 4 gives the distance in kilometers from initial bench mark.
Column 5 gives tlio direction in which the line was leveled. Dir. is for the direct
line. Rev. is for- the reverse line.
Column 6 gives successive diD'erences of elevation in millimeters between bench
marks and the means of such determinations.
Column 7 gives the residual's found by substracting each determination from the
mean.
Column 8 gives the discrepancy betweeu the direct lino and the mean, and is the
algebraic sum of the residuals.
Column 9 gives the discrepancy between the reverse line and the mean, and is the
algebraic sum of the rusiduafs.
Column 10 gives the probable error, r, of the mean in column 5.
Column 11 gives the probable error, R, of the mean elevation of each bench mark
as computed from the beginning of the section.
Column 12 gives the total rod correction as computed from initial bench mark (not
used).
Colnmu 13 gives the elevation in meters of all bench marks referred to St. Louis
directrix.
Column 14 gives the elevation in feet of all bench marks referred to St. Lo:ii3
directrix.
Column 15 gives the elevation in feet of all old bench marks connected with referred
io 8t. Louis directrix.
Column 16 gives the discrepancy in feet of old bench marks.
Column 17 gives the initial of observers; T. is for Assistant Engineer O. H. B.
Turner.
Bench marks marked with an asterisk (*) are not in the main hue.
The value of the meter used is 3.2808693 feet.
APPENDIX Y Y — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 309o
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APPENDIX Y -Y REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION 3099
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3108 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARB
Appendix A 3.
REPORT ON MEASUREMENT OF IIKIDGES, 1894.
Lowest 2)oint8 of superstructure of bridges over the Missouri Biver compJetc
30, 1893.
All elevatiODB arc above St. Loafs directrix according to the precipe levels of 1892. '
porary bench mark of precise level survey. ''Bench marks to -which referred " are n
eise level elevations.]
Bridge at —
Bellefontaine Bluffs, Mo.
Leavenworth, Kaus
Date of
measure-
ment.
1894.
Mar. 13.
Mar. 23
Num-
ber of
through
spans.
Spans
num-
bered,
from
which
end.
Channel
span
number.
Lowest point of
superstructure.
Wh
B.B .
3. 4 Rivet head in lat-
eral.
Bracing
Cen
br
Tips
First span.
Bridge at —
BellefoutaineBlufTs, Mo.
Leavenworth, Kans
Center panel point
or panel points ad-
jacent to center.
Feet.
02.22
353. 97 354. 08
First
panel
point.
Feet.
62.84
351.67
Seoond spa
Center pax
point or pa
points a4jac
to center
Feet.
63.36
354.99 365
Third span.
Bridge at.—
Belief onta i n e
Bluffs, Mo . . .
Leavenworth ,
Kaus
First
panel
point.
Center panel ! ^
point or pan el
panel
points ad.ia- ^^^
Ant. tn rnnt^r I l»*'"*l«
cent to center.
I
Fourth span.
Bench n
r
First
panel
point.
Last
Center panel
point or panel j
points adia- i }^ . .
cent to center. P®""'
Numl
Feet. \ Feet.
63. 29 03. 37
355. 70 355. 82 '355. 82
Feet.
02.83
355.66
Feet.
02.72
Feet.
62.20
Feet.
61.17
355.46 354.79 354.58 : 353.59
T.B
T.B.:i
Appendix A 4.
annual report of a. ii. illaisdell, a.ssistant engineer, 1
Office Missouri River Commu
St. Louis f Mo., Jun
Sir: I have the honor to submit tbo following report on the water ff
taincil by the Missouri River Commission during the fiscal year ending J
The accompanying tabic gives the location of each gauge in miles aboi^
of the river and the time it was maintained during the year.
The distances below Sioux City, Iowa, Jire measured on the low-wator <
of the Missouri River Conunission mcaps of 1890, and that to the upper
at Townsend, from the various maps of surveys made by the Commis
Capts. Hodges, Powell, and Maguire, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., betw<
1892, inclusive.
The Missouri River Commission at the end of the year maintains t'
permanent and two temporary gauges; the latter being read in connect!
works in progress on the First Reach, at E wings Landing and Gasconac
The Weather Bureau gauge at Hermann was also read during a po;
year, before the removal of the office of Division Engineer S. Waters
connde.
I
fs.
%
>v
RIVER
.IOWA..
.E
t soo SitJb^
too
h for 't,S94f .
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Eng 53 3
/
APPENDIX Y Y REPOKT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3109
Location of gauge.
Character of gauge.
BellefoDUino bridge, Missonri Bridge cable
St. Charles, Mo ; do
H€nDanD,Mo I Weather Bureau shore inclined,
CbleCnek.Mo ' Shore, inclined
Gisconaie.Mo ! do
Ewingi Landinz, Mo \ Shore, cable
JeffenonCity. Mo • Shore, inclined
BwaTille. Mo ! Bridge cahle
GUseov, Mo ' do
Devitt.Mo I Shore, cable and inclined
Vaverly, Mo i Shore, Inclined
Lexineton, Mo do ■
SJWev.Mo I Bridgecable
Kaii^olph,Mo do
Sjona City, Mo ; do
fort Leavon w ortb bridge, K ansaa ' .-. do
Akhl«m,Kan8 ' do
St Joseph, Mo do
Kalo,Xebr ' do
Biovurille. Nebr 1 Shore, cable and inclined
•Xebraaka Citv. Nebr 1 Bridge, cable
Pbtt<gDoath bridge, Nebraska ' do
Omaha,Kebr ' do
Bbir,Nebr i do
Smlx City bridge, Iowa do
Tovnsmd, Mont ' do
Months
Miles
main-
above
tained
mouth.
during
year.
8 2
3i8
28.06
12
103.3
7^
107.1
12
110.4
74
143.8
12
151.3
12
205.8
12
237.5
12
267.2
12
299.1
12
322
12
350
12
386.7
113S
390.7
12
424
12
447.8
12
479
12
537.5
12
577.6
12
607.7
12
633.6
12
659.1
12
694.^
12
805.7
12
2,504
12
Tho inspection of the gauges has been in charge of Mr. L. P. Butler, assistaui
engineer, who has made three complete tours of inspection betAYeen the mouth and
Sionx City during; the year, one m September, 1893, one in November-December,
1893, and one in May- June, 1894 ; in addition to the work connected directly with
the gauges he has made measurements of two bridges, completed during the year,
conducted two special surveys, and aided in the gathering of commercial statistics.
The gauges at the present time are all in good condition, and only two entire
•renewals— at Dewitt, Mo., and Brownville, Nebr.,— were necessary during the year.
A new permanent gauge was established March 13, 1894, on Bellefontaine bridge.
All the other gauges have been kept in good repair at slight expense.
Level connections between the gauge bench marks and those of the precise level
lines having been completed, the graduations on all the gauges were made to read
precise level elevations above the St. Louis directrix during the November-Decem-
ber inspection.
The pilot bulletin service for 1893 was discontinued on November 30, except for
the Kansas City station, where it was made continuous at the request of local steam-
boat owners.
The service for 1894 was resumed on March 16 at tho permanent gauge stations
between St. Charles and Kansas City, and on April 16 an additional bulletin was
displayed on tho new Bellefontaine bridge, for which two of tho larger size of
frames had4)ecn provided. A slight change was made in the design of the bulletin
frames for the Bellefontaine bridge at the instance of Mr. George S. Morison, chief
engineer, which better adapted them for attachment to the bridge.
Dnring the year 1893 the bulletins read from a stage 5.1 feet below a mean stage
of tho navigable low waters at each station, this stage having been taken in order
that the Missouri River Commission bulletin readings should agree with the daily
published records of the Weather Bureau at Kansas City. After the gauges were
ehanged to road precise level elevations it was found that the equating number at
Kansas City required a change to 5 feet, ana accordingly all the bulletins except
at Randolph bridge now read from a zero which is 5 iect below a mean of observed
navigable low water, as near as tho data at hand allows the mean to be determined.
The exception noted at Randolph bridge appeared to be necessary, as its bulletin
record of the year 1893 would sometimes show a higher stage on the same day than
at Kansas City, 4 miles above; this may be accounted for by the change in slope
between the two stations resulting from works of channel rectification and by an
iniinfiBeient nnmber of subsequent low- water gaugo heights.
The pilot bulletins are now exhibiting one daily reading in accordance with the 6
a. m. stage from zeros as follows :
3110 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Locality
Kansas City
Kandolph bridge
Sibley bridge
Lexington
Waverly
Dewitt!
Glasgow bridge
Boonville
Jefferson City
Cole Creek
St. Charles bridge...
Bellefontaine bridge
Elevation of
Silot bulle-
n xeros, re-
ferred to St.
Louis direc-
trix.
303.5
SOLO
27L4
250.0
230.6
203.2
176.2
152.2
108.7
70.6
2.7
-13.2
Remarks.
£leyation of Weather Bureau sero, 303. 47.
Elevation of Weather Bureau zero, 152. 33.
The zero elovation of tho Weather Bareaa gauge at Hermann is at present 71.23:
but this value only holds good up to the 13-foot mark, above which the gauge is
wrongly graduated, each foot recorded being actually equal to about 0.876.
According to the rule adopted by the Commission the Hermann gauge should read
from a zero of 68.35. The zero of this gauge has not been kept constant, having *
been as low as 67.34 previous to 1886, when it was changed to it>s present elevation
In connection with tho determination of the mean navigably low waters, some
study has been made, since the precise levels have been available, in an endeavor to
trace a law connecting length of river with mean gauge heights.
The investigation has not yet been completed, but it has been carried far enough
to show that, using the average distances above the mouth as measured on the low-
water channel lines from the maps of 1878-79 and 1890 as abscissa (x), the height of
the mean navigable low water in that portion of the river from a point above the
mouth of Osage River to Rulo, Nebr., may be determined closely by the equation
of the straight line 2/ =0.8 12 x — 7. The mean high water, for the same portion of the
river may be approximately expressed by a similar formula of j^ =0.812 x-f 7.4 at all
the stations except where there are large tributary streams, at which points a further
addition of about 2.7 feet becomes necessary to the gauge heights.
On the portion of the river above Rulo no formula appears to be applicable, aud *
on tho lower portion the slope appears to increase and the formula changes. The
gauge stations are quite far apart on these portions of the river, and perhaps with
more data further study may reveal a practical result to an investigation wnich at
present is only in a preliminary stage.
The bulletins, in addition to showing the daily stage of the river, also serve to
give the available heights under bridges for passing steamboats, and cards explan-
atory of the service with a table for ascertaining this height from the bulletin read- .
inc^ nave been issued to all steumboatmen interested.
The results of the precise levels have shown that all the stages published by the
Missouri River Commission are more or less in error. These published stages are
comprised in two pamphlets ; one issued in 1886, entitled '^ Stages of the Missouri
River from St. Charles to Fort Pierre, Dak., between 1872 and 1885/'. which was
also published as Appendix A 6 of the annual report of the Missouri River Commis-
sion for the year ending Jnno 30, 1886, and one pamphlet issued in 1890, entitled
''Stages of the Missouri River from St. Charles, Mo., to Sioux City, Iowa, 1886 to
1889, both inclusive."
The following table gives the correction to be applied algebraically to each of the
published records to reduce them to the precise level elevations:
Locality
Jamestown Landine. Mo
St. Charles bridge, Missouri
Wnshington, Mo'
Hermann, Mo
Jeficrson City, Mo
Boonville bridge, Missouri.
Glasgow bridge, Missouri..
Dewitt, Mo
Miami, Mo
Waverly, Me
Corrections.
First
pamphlet,
1872-1885.
Second
pamphlet,
188S-1889.
+0.347 !
•f 0.882 !
+0.420
+0.435
+0.534
+0.523
+0.582
+1.504
+0.594
+0.552
+0.082
+0.136
+0.206
+0.223
+0.254
+1.294
+0.259
APPEXI>IX: YY — EEPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3111
Locality.
Lexington, Mo.
SiUev bridge. M^iasoari
RaD^ol|»h bridge, Misaonri
Kabsw City, loLo. (Hannibal aud St. Joseph bridge).
Lnv«D worth , Kans
ffict liOaven'worth bridge, Kanaaii
r«rt Leaven 'worth , Kans
lidufH>n bridge, Kansas
^. Joseph bridge, Missouri
Sl Joseph TVater Co.'s pnmphonae, Misaoari.
VMt© Clond, Kjma
Knlo bridge. l<kobraska
BrownTillc, Nobr
Nebraska City. Nebr
N'cbraslca City bridge. Xebraska
Fbttanoath bridgorNebraska
Fbltsmouth. Nobr
Onuha, Kebr. (Union Pacific K. R. bridge)...
Bbir bridge, Nebraska
Sioax (Uty bridge, Iowa
aioox Wty, Iowa ( Perry Creek)
Corrections.
First
pamphlet,
1872-1885.
40.315
+0. 522
+0.394
-1-0.230
4-0.150
f 0.141
4-0.177
— 0.019
4-0.358
4-0.358
4-0. 816
4-0. 852
41.003
+ L505
Second
pamphlet,
1886-1889.
4-0. 015
4-0.143
4-0.130
4-0.222
4-0.094
—0.070
— 0. 144
* — 0.159
—0.137
—0.132
— 0.123
—0.321
— 0.310
4-0.058
4-0.546
4-0. 703
4-0.495
4-1.270
+1.295
* To August 26, 1889.
The mannscript of a third pamphlet in the series of Missotiri River stages, embrac-
ing the four years 1890 to 1893 iDcliisiye, is now ready for the printer. No change
has been made from the methods heretofore adopted for the permanent preservation
of the gaage records, as described in last year's report.
Very respectfully, your obedient ser\-aut,
A. H. Blaisdell,
Assistant Engineer,
Appendix A 5.
report on results of rock borings in' missouri river valley.
Office Missouri River Commission,
Si. Louis, Mo,, June 30, 1894,
Sir: I have the honor to hand you herewith a report on the results of rock bor-
ings in the Missouri River Valley. The placing on record of these results was
inaaj^rated by my predecessor, and a detailed account of them may be found in
the reports of the secretaries of the Commission. (See report of Chief of Eugin-
eew for 1890, p. 3375, and for J892, p. 3261.)
Three additional sections of the valley have beeu collected during the past year
as follows :
A section showing the depth at which a suitable stable foundation was struck on
which to base the piers of tne new Leavenworth bridge ; two sections of a proposed
new bridge at Jefferson City, Mo. ; and an approximate section in the vicinity of
St. Charles, Mo., on a site of a proposed bridge.
Each locality is accompanied by a map showing the location and number of bor-
ings taken.
The drawings show the results obtained quite as fully as any extended descrip-
tion would do, and similar conventional signs in addition to descriptive print have
been used as in former reports.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
James F. McIndoe,
Additional Second Lieut, of Engineer Sj
^Secretary,
Lieat. Col. Chas. R. Suter,
Carps of Engineers] U. S. A,,
President Missouri River Commission.
3112 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
LKAVENWORTH, KAXS.
Plate A. — This plato lias been drawn from information fumislied throne
courtesy of Mr. A. J. Tullock, proprietor and engineer of the Missouri Valley B
and Iron Works, Leavenworth, Kans. The borings were made between Janna
and February 20, 1893, while the bridge was in course of construction.
Mr. Tullock states that in sinking Pier II ** the sand was very clean and verj
excepting where it was found with gravel. The gravel found in the caisson
very small.'*
In sinking the caisson for Pier IV many large logs were encountered; one log,
found in sinking caisson II and none in sinking caisson III.
JEFFERSON CITY, MO.
Plate B, — This plate is a reproduction o{ drawings of borings taken bet^
February 28 and March 15, 1894, obtained from Mr. J. A. L. Waddell, consnltina
bridge engineer, Kansas City, Mo., by the jiermission o!" a company formed to b
the river at this point.
The same method of making the borings was adopted ns had been used a_
Sibley bridge, and is fully explained in the report of the Missouri River Comm—
for 1890, p. 3379.
Borings were made on two crossings about 0.6 mile apart, four on each se •
and were carried to bed rock in each instance.
The drawing contains all the information at hand in regard to strata pi
through.
ST. CHARLES, MO.
Plate C— This plate is also a reproduction of a drawing furnished by Mr. Wi^
The borings were made in 1892 and were not completed over the entire sects
account of high water. The drawing exhibits the strata passed through in nm <
the two borings.
Appendix A 6.
annual report of j. a. 8eddon, assistant engineer, 1894.
Office Missouri River Commission,
St, LouiSy Mo. J June SO, 18i
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the study of phyi
data for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894 :
The study of flood movement by the method of '' extension gauge relatio
completed in the Lower Mississippi, has been carried up the Missouri to Kansas C
through all the gauge records to date. While in general the movement is sim
to that of the Lower Mississippi, yet there are irregularities in the Missouri wj
are not fully understood. It is hoped that furtlier light will be thrown on thes
the extension of the study to Sioux City, when this will be made the subject
special report.
A preliminary study by gauge relations was made of Missouri River regi
from Kansas City down. This study of regimen is based on the idea that betv
two gauges all the hydraulic properties of the channel through the whole re
from low to liigh water, are summed up and given graphically in the line of g«
relation ; for this line gives at each point the fall between gauges for that stag«
the summation of all acting resistances to flow through tlie reach. A fixed chj
in the lino of ^augo relation is thus a change in regimen, and while perhaps
nitcly complex in its pool and bar and section phenomena, in this summation of
it ia closely determinate and its changes readily seen in the gauge relations.
The study of regimen by gauge relations consists in the search for some ord(
method in these changes. In this preliminary study of the Missouri River s*
no method has been seen, and it may be that it is there hopelessly complicate<
independent local changes. The subject is being pursued in Lower Mississipi <]
where some order has been already found in regimen and ita changes, whicl
been embodied in several special reports not yet published.
Very resi)ectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. Seddon,
Asaietant Engine
I
kB.
LE
/
n-3r<9 Wif.
—J4a
'. i
— f
?!
^£L^
^a —
LB.
PLATE A.
i
VI
I
I
I
1
-~ LB.
'^^Ui^04Ui?gufUrC>mm44M4>9t.
Bog 53 3
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3113
Appendix A 7.
Index of Murveya and phy»ical data in annual reports Missouri River Commission from,
1885 to 1893, both inclusive.
TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS.
Instractions for topography and hydrography, annual report Mississippi River Com*
niiMaion.
Bistory of Mismoari River surveys from Sept. 1, 1878, to July 1, 1885, Assistant Engineer
l>. W. Wellman
Pn>gre»ia report. First Lieut. W. L. Fisk
Suxmmary of survey results for one year, First Lieut. T. A. Bingham
Do.
Special surve^^-s at variouH localities, First Lieut. T. A. Bingham
Sommary of survey results for one year, First Lieut. T. A. Bingham.
Do
Do.
.^mmarv of survey results for one year. First Lieut. J. C. Sanford.
Do'.
SioTUL Citijr to Jones Point. Kebr., shore line survey, Division Engineer C. F. Potter
Jones Pointy Jfebr., to AVeston, Mo., shore line survey. Division Engineer S. "W. Fox —
W^ton, Mo., to mouth of river, shore lino survey, Division Engineer S. H. Yonge
Sammary of survey results (including numerous special purveys) for one year, annual
peport*bf First Lieut. J. C. Sanford .'
Summary of survey-, mapping, gauges, and physical data, results for one year, annual
n-port "of First Lieut. J . C. Sanford ".
Topography and hydrography. Three Forks to Fort Benton, Mont., ri.*i>ort on field work.
Assistant Engineer G. A. Marr
SECOXDARY TRIANGrLATIOX.
Export on field work :
Three Forks to Fort Benton, Mont., Assistant Engineer G. A. Marr
Fort Bentou to Trover Point, Mont., Assistant Engineer O. B. Wheeler
Trover Point, Mont., to Bismark, N. Dak., Assistant Engineer O. B. Wheeler
Bismarck, N. Dak., to Sioux City, Iowa, Assistant Engineer (>. A. Marr
Sioux City. Iowa, to Fort Leavenworth, Kans.. Assistant Engineer O. B. Wheeler. .
Fort Leavenworth, Kans., to Glasgow, Mo., annual report First Lieut. T. A. Bingham. . .
Glasgow. Mo., to Tavern Rock, Mo., report on field work, Assistant Engineer O. B.
Wheeler
Annual re>
port.
Year. I Page
Tavern Kock. Mo., to mouth of river, annual report First Lieut. T. A. Bingham. .
Tabulated results:
Three Forks to Fort Benton. Mont
Fort B<^nton lo Trover Point, Mont
Do
Trover Point, Mont., to Fort Buford. N. Dak
Fort Buford to Bismarck, N. Dak
Bismarck N.Dak., to Pierre, S. Dak
Pierre to Running Water, S. Dak
Running Water. S. Dak., to Blair, Nebr
Blair, iSebr., to Fort Leavenworth, Kans
Fort I^svei: worth, Kans., to St. Louis Mo
Descri]»tioii.s of permanent station marks:
Three Forks to Fort Benton, Mont
Fort Benton to Trover Point. Mont
Trover l»oiut, Mont. , to Fort Buford, N. Dak
Fort Buford to Bismarck^ N. Dak
Bismarck. N. Dnk., to Pierre, S. Dak
Pierre to Running Water, S. Dak
Ronnint; Water, S. Dak., to Blair, Nebr
Blair, >i ebr., to Fort Leavenworth, Kans
Fort Leavenworth, Kans., to St. LfOuis, Mo
Plates showing trinngulation system :
Three ForKs, Mont., to Weston. Mo ,
W<*9toii to St. Louis. Mo
Thffo Forks to Fort Benton, Mont., elevations above sea level at ^s ,
Gtvgraphic.'il i>ositions of jmiuta incidentally located, mouth to Three Forks, Mont.
liage line».
Description of apparatus and method of measuring
SftletcmilDatiou of standard steel tape on Gluey base
Table of standard steel tapes
Table of results of secondary triaugulation of Missouri River:
Bases
Azimuths '
Axial distances
Redaction of—
Olney base-
Gallatin base
1891
1885
1885
1885
1886
1887
1687
1868
1880
1600
1891
1801
1801
1801
1892
1808
1801
1891
1880
1800
1800
1891
1887
188G
1887
1891
1886
1801
1891
1891
1801
1891
1891
1891
1887
1891
1891
1891
1891
1891
1891
1891
1891
1887
1891
1887
1892
1693
1886
1887
1889
1891
1886
1891
3481
3011
2006
3006
2042
3111
3036
2317
2753
3368
3733
3802
:i804
3806
3250
3020
3745
3745
2034
3308
3403
3750
3036
2920
3037
3763
2036
37G6
3770
3772
3774
3777
3779
3780
3043
3782
3786
3780
3791
3793
3796
3798
3800
3053
3602
3052
3070
3942
2052
3124
2750
3760
2063
3750
3114 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Index of surveys aad physical data in annual reports Missouri River Commission from
18S5 to 1893, hoik inclusive — Continued.
Annual re-
port.
Year. ' Paice.
Becluction of—
lienton base
Trover Point ba»e. . .
Baford bafco
Bismarck baso
Pierre base
Knnning Water base.
Blair base *. . .
Beverly base
Glasgow base
Bate h'«<f — Contimied.
LEVKL8 AND BENCH MARKS.
PreeUe level*.
Instructions for precise levelins ;
Annual report Mississippi Kiver Commission ,
Annual Report Chief of ISngineers
Comparison of precise >vith ordinary levels, report First Lieut. T. A. Bingham
St. Louis citv directrix to P. B. M. at St. Charles, Mo., report First Lieut. T. A. Bingham.
St. Joseph, Mo., to mouth of river:
Report Assistant Engineer O. W. Ferguson
Table of results
Descriptions and elevations of P. B. M. 's
Sioux City, Iowa, to St. Joseph, Mo. -.
Report Assistant Engineer J. A. Paige
Table of results
DoAcriptions and elevations of P. B. M. 's
Connection of gauge B. M. s with P. B. M.'s. report Assistant Engineer O. H. B. Turner . .
Ordinary levels.
RciKJrt of field work :
Three Forks to Fort Benton, Mont., Assistant Engineer G. A. Marr
Fort Ben ton to Trover Point, Mont., Assistant Engineer I>. W. Wellman
Iowa Point, Nebr., to Atkinson, Kans. {^ to M), Assistant Engineer W. R. Dewitt.
Fort Leavenworth, Kans., to Berlin, Mo. (y to «y )i Assistant Engineer D. W.
"Wellman
Sionx City, Iowa, to Leavenworth, Kans. (^\^ to Y)* Assistant Engineer D. W.
Wellman
Descriptions and elevations:
Three Forks to Fort Benton, Mont
Fort Benton, to Trover Point, Mont, (ito V)
Fort Benton, Mont., to Cannon Ball River {} to ^^)^ descriptions and elevations and
geographical positions. Chief of Engineers
Pierre, S. Dak., to mouth of river, descrixitions and elevations of old B. M.'s, inclnd-
Fort
Ingnew B.M.'s (V to V) -' *
Fort Leavenworth, Kans., to Berlin, Mo. (V to V)
Boonville to Glasgow. Mo. (V to y ), elevations
Sionx City, Iowa, Fort Leavenworth, Kans. ( ^S"^ to Y)
St. Joseph division CV* to V) •
Dover, Mo., to mouth of river (Y to \ except Y to V)
PHYSICAL DATA.
Herman Mo. ; St. Charles, Mo. ; discussion of discharge, gauge relation, Assistant
Engineer J. A. Seddon ,
Compilation of discharge and ^augo data. Assistant Engineer J. A. Seddon
Discharge observations at various points
Sediment observations at St. Charles, Mo ,
Instruments and methmls of reducing sediment and velocity observations
Report on borings in M issouri Valley, Capt. T. A . Bingham
Supplementary report on same, First Lieut. J. C. Sanford
Dates of ice closings and openings in Mis.souri River (1872-1881)
Dates of ice closings and openings in Missouri River ( 1887-1890)
Study of discharge and gauge data. Assistant Engineer J. A. Seddon
OAUOES.
t
Report on and description of gauges from Sioux City, Iowa, to St. Charles, Mo., Assist-
ant Engineer A. H. Blaisdell
River sloi>e and table water surfaces
Elevations of extreme high water
Standard elevations along Missouri River
Gauge maintenance and location, report Assistant Engineer A. II. Blaisdell
1886
1886
1890
1800
1800
1890
1891
1887
1886
1891
1880
1886
1888
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
295«
2955
3400
3407
3411
3414
3758
3075
2»31
3476
2133
2981
2327
3955
3966
4069
4134
4138
1893 1 4210
1893 I 4218
1891
1886
1889
1887
1891
1891
1886
3745
2946
2732
3063
3807
3751
2969
1892 i 1890
1880
1887
1887
1891
1889
1890
1686
1886
1888
1889
1891
2328
3070
3072
3810
2772
3393
1886
2971
1886
3010
18H7
3079
1887
3090
1887
3121
1890
3376
1890
3390
1888
2325
1890
3392
1801
3827
2974
2967
2324
2715
3819
APPElsTDIX Y Y REPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3115
jiiei of snrveya and jihysical data in annual reports Missouri River Commission from
1885 to 189S, both inclusive — Continuod.
GAUGES— Continaod.
Gtage maintenance and location, report Assistant Engineer A. H. Blaisdell
TftUetof dincharge and mean stages
Gmge maintenance and correGtion to elevations of seros. Assistant Engineer A. H
BltinAeU - - -
Cmpsilion of gaugea atjpoints between Three Forks and Fort Benton, Mont
COHMEBCIAL STATISTICS.
Tpper and Lower Miaaonri Riror statistics, report First Lieut. T. A. Bingham
Ctamerte of Miaaoari Kiver. report Capt. C. W.HowcU
Alnre mouth of Yellow^atone Kiver, report First Lieat. Ed. Mac aire
Up^ Minoori and Yellowstone riverii, report First Lieat. Ed. Magaire
rpper Missouri and Yellowatone rivers, report Capt. Ed. Maguire
Do
Smox City, Iowa, to Fort Benton, Mont., report Capt. J. B. Qoinn
rpperMCMouri river, report First Lieut. H. M. Chittenden
SooxCitj, Iowa, to mouth, report First Lieut J. C. Sanford
Do '
Do
Meaaan-ments of bridges below Sioux City, Iowa, report First Lieut. J. C. Sanford.. .
IMPaOVEXENT WORKS.
letireen Sioux City, Iowa, and Fort Benton, Mont., report Capt. J. B. Quinn
Do '.
ibore Yellowstone River, report First Lient. Ed. Maguire
Ticmity of Kansas Citv, Mo., report Division Engineer S. H. Yonge
Tkinity Si. Joseph, Mo., reportDivision Engineer S. W.Fox
Do
Tteiaitv of Eansaa City, Mo., report Division Eagineer S. H. Yonge
I^
St Joieph division, report Division Engineer S. W. Fox
Olstnictions to navigation at Camd^i, Mo., report First Lieut. T. A. Bingham
Sl Joseph division, report Division Engineer B.W. Fox
KaaaasCity division, report Division Engineers. H. Yonge
Do
St. Joseph division, report Division Engineers. W. Fox
Oaaha, Vehr., and Sioux City, Iowa, report Division Engineer C. F. Potter
Tert Benton, Mont., to Sioux City, Iowa, rei>ort First Lieut. H. M. Chittenden
Abore Sionx City. Iowa, report f^irst Lieut. H. M. Chittenden
Onaha, Nebr., and Sioux City, Iowa, report Division Engineer C. F. Potter
St. Joicph division, report Division Engineer S. W. Fox
Kiaaas City Division, report Division Engineer S. H. Y'onge
Do
St. Joseoh division, report Division Engineer S. W. Fox
Oaaha, Kebr., and Sioux City, Iowa, report Division Engineer C. F. Potter
Do
St. Joseph division, report Division Engineer S. W. Fox
Kiasas City division and First Reach, report Division Engineer S. H. Yonge
Oaaha Division, report Division Engineer S.W. Fox..
St. Joseph division, report Division Engineer S. W. Fox
Kansas City division, report Division Engineers. W. Fox
Kansas City division ana Osage division, report Division Engineer S. H. Yonge
Gasconade division, report Division Engineer S. W. fox
Rt^^R DISTANCES.
Fort Benton to Wolf Point, Mont, (table), Chief of Engineers' Report
Wolf Point, Mont., to Cannon Ball River, K.Dak. (table), Chief of Engineers' Report
Biaaarck, 'S. Dak., to Fort Benton, Mont, (old Ublc), Chief df Engineers' Report
Koath to Big Sioux River, and Fort Benton to Three Forks, Mont
Bismarck, N. Dak., to Fort Benton, Mont., Chief of Engineers' Report
Fort Benton. Mont., to Crow Creek Agency, Chief of Engineers' Report ,
Annual re-
port.
Year. ' Page.
1«82 3271
1891
1881
1886
1886
1886
1886
1886
1886
1886
1890
1891
1892
1893
1893
1885
1886
1886
1885
1885
1886
1886
1887
'1887
1887
1888
1888
1889
1889
1889
1889
1890
1890
1890
1890
1891
1891
1891
1892
1892
1892
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1891
1892
1883^
1884^'
1893
1883;
1884}
1893
3823
4221
3746
2988
8010
9012
3015
8017
3019
3021
3420
3737
3262
2932
8945
3028
3022
3012
3023
3027
355
359
3098
8107
3119
2:«7
2359
2785
2765
2763
2760
3419
3422
3428
3135
3848
3835
3832
3273
3278
3290
4223
4228
4232
4235
4258
2235
1889
1363
3944
1362
2304
2
3116 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U, S. ARMY.
Appendix A 8.
report on commerck of missouri river during calendar year 1893.
Office Missouri River Commission,
St, LouiSf Mo.f June 30, 1804,
Sir: I have the- honor to submit the following report on the commerce of the
Missonri River between Sionx City (Big Sioux River) and the month dnring the
calendar year 1893 :
The methods employed in securing the statistics were similar to those employed
last year.
The gauge observers having reported on their weekly cards all boats that passed
their respective gauges ; the dimensions and tonnage of all these boats were obtained
from the custom-housu at which they were enrolled, with the date of their last
inspection.
The information thus obtained is embodied in Tables 5 to 10, inclusive.
On the 3d of February blanks covering in detail almost every article of freight
carried were sent out, with an explanatory circular to the owners of various boats
and also to those doing river business of any kind, except ferriage, with a request
that they be filled out and returned to the secretary of the Commission.
The circular stated that only the statistics of the coasting trade and that of raft-
ing, wood, and sand business were required.
Jn most cases the blanks were returned filled out as requested, but frequently
further correspondence was necessary to obtain desired details. In some instances
it became necessary to send an assistant to interview the owner of the boat or the
proprietor of the business in order to obtain the desired information.
In the case of the long-trade packets the owners of the boats kindly sent their
freight lists to the office, and from these the data contained in Table 1 was generally
obtained.
The owners of some of the smaller boats either kept no books or indifferent mem-
oranda of their trade. Of these the statistics gathered s^re approximate, although
close, estimates.
Taking into consideration the difficulty of securing the amount of trade carried
on over 811 miles of river distance, it can re|Ldi]y .^e appreciated that many minor
statistics, which together would aggregate a very* considerable total, must of neces-
sity be missed, and that therefore the volume of the trade is under rather than
over estimated.
The following table, giving the amount of freight carried, towed, and rafted,
together with the number of passengers, for 1893, but not including any ferriage
business, is believed to be a close approximation to the actual trade:
T.aBLK. 1.
Class.
Lonp-trade packets . .
Sliorl-trado packets
and mi8celtaueou8
steamers
Sand and wood steam-
ers and barges
Rafts
Grain.
Tom.
0, 238. 5
21,510.4
Total
27, 754. 9
Live
stock.
Tout.
1. 246. 9
1, 342. 2
W004l
and
lumber.
Tons.
1,023.3
13,122.3
8, 997. 8
10, 578. 0
2, 589. 1 I 34, 321. 4
Sand and
buildin;;
material.
Miscel-
laneous
fanu pro-
duce and
general
merclian-
disc.
Tons.
180.4
34,061.5
137. 830. 1
Tons.
10,(121.8
3, 206. 1
172, 072. 0
13, 227. 9
Totals.
Mile -tons.
Pa«-
sen-
gers.
Tons.
19, 310. 9
4,093,147.3
t
No.
3,700
73, 248. 5
758, 604. 2
*8,532
146. 827. 9
10, 578. 0
235, 098. 3
679, 215. 3
249,965.3
.5,766,965.1
12,232
'Including 6,200 excursion passengers.
APPENDIX Y Y REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3117
The following comparatlvo tablo gives tlie totals for tbo different classes of trades
during 1893, 18^2, and 1891 :
Table 2.
Clam.
LoBg-trade paclc-
eU
i^rt-tradepack
eta and luiscel-
kmeoas steam-
ers
Saad and irood
•tcomers and
barree
Kafta.
Total number of tons car-
ried.
1803. i 1802.
1801.
Total.
19,310.9 30,372.3
73,248.5110,449.1
1893.
Mile-tonH.
1892.
31,458.4 4,003,147.3
146,827.9 91.092.6
10, 578 I 4, 908. 9
73, 860. 3
71, 103. 3
8, 118. 1
6, 112, 179. 6
1891.
6, 437, 472. 8
ra.98eiigerB.
1893. 1892. 1891
758, 604. 2 1, 411, 529. 6.1, 455, 627. 0
235, 998. 3
579, 215. 3
327.561.7
522, 700. 8
45,868.7
262.3
J45,
158,
249, 966. 3 230, 872. 9,189, 546. 15, 766, 965. 1 8, 373, 971. 7 8, 197, 231. 4
3,700
4.450
'8,532 t 41, 823
12,232; 46,273
6.000
8,000
14,000
' Including 6,200 excursion passengers. t Including 34,603 ezcursiou passengers.
In comparing Tablo 1 with a similar table of tbe preceding year there appears to
be a decrease in 1893 of over one-third in grain and live stock and over one-half in
miscellaneous products shipped on the river.
The item of wood and lamber shows a decrease of about 10 per cent, while that of
land and building materials shows an increase of 36 per cent in 1893 over that of 1892.
The mile-tons are about one-third less, the loss showing principally in the packet
trades.
The river traffic in 1893 suflered in the general depression of business, as did every
other department of industry.
From tbe report of the secretory of the Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis it appears
that the receipts and shipments by river to and from the city during 1893 were over
13 per cent less than in 1892.
The total amount of wheat received in St. Louis in 1893 was nearly 50 per cent
iessthan in 1892, while for total grains, including flour reduced to wheat, the decrease
wa.s 18 per cent.
The principal article of shipment on the Missouri River in tbo packet trade is
vheat.
Tbe completion of the M. K. and E. Railroad, skirting tbe loft bank of the river
from Boonville down to the Bellefontaino bridge, has contributed not a little in dimin-
ishing the amount of freight carried by the short-line packets in the lower river.
The following table gives the number and total registered tonnage of steamboats
plying on the Missouri River in the years 1889 to 1893, inclusive:
Tablk 3.
Knrollotl at—
Xo.
20 '•■
11
3
11
1893.
Xo.
24
12
3
11
1802.
1
1891.
1890.
Xo.
16
15
5
13
1889.
St. Louia, Mo
Tons.
2, 282. 49
2,932.42
47.50
911. 90
Tons. Xo.
2, 562. 78 19
2,080.08 , 18
148.88 5
012.29 1 12
Tons.
2. 504. 31
3, 398. 13
265.41
794. 21
Xo.
18
17
5
10
1
Tons.
1. 840. 61
1, 270. 33
277. 62
504. 72
Tons.
1 812 66
KaoASH City. Mo
St. Jimopli, Mo
1,626.26
277. 62
Omaha. >ebr
1,329.85
Louisville, K v
1,130.34
St,Paul,Minii
1
1
1
324.09 1
Dnbnfjue, Iowa
J«pw Orleans, La
1
58.32
58.32
1
358.31
1
Barlingtou, Iowa
o
1
49
450.81
134. 92
1
1
CiiHrinnati, Ohio
..].]
\""
'
49
Total
6,818.48
53
7,344.75 54
r
■
0, 0G2. 06
51
5, 023. 62
5, 046. 09
In addition to the steamboats there are 6 gasoline boats plying in the short packet
trade on the Missouri River.
Under the present laws these boats are not subject to Government inspection.
The largest of the gasoline boats is 78 by 14 IVot, and their aggregate tonnage is
about 182 tons.
The aggregate of their freight carried by them during 1893 is 11,866 toUvS, which
i« included in Table 1.
3118 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
From the weekly reports of the gauge observers and from the registered tonnage
of the steam vessels and the approximate tonnage of the gasoline boats, the follow-
ing table is made up, showing the number of boats passing 6 of the regular w&ter-
gauge stations and their tonnage :
Table 4.
Locality.
Number of
steamera
paased.
Up.
St. Charles, Mo
Coles Creek, Mo. (3.6 miles above Hermann) .
Jefferson City> Mo
BoonviUe, Mo
Kadsos City, Mo
Sioax City.T^owa •.
52
206
72
59
18
21
Dovrn.
Begistered tonnage.
Up.
Down.
52
209
73
59
16
19
25, 584. 21
30, 568. 03
26. 112. 28
16, 689. 89
14, 039. 18
930. 31
25,485.33
30, 560. 86
26,102.56
16, 509. 82
13, 916. 10
807.23
Rates of insurance on the river have remained nnchanged since July 1, 1889, and are
believed to be higher than on any other 'river comparable in size to the Missouri.
No new line of transportation has been established sin«e the report of last year.
The formation of a line of tow boats and barges between St. Louis and Kansas
City has been advocated in the public press and has received some attention from
capitalists, and it has been asserted that the experiment will be tried on the river
during the X) resent crop season.
Table 5. — List of steamers plying on the Missowi River, in the district of New Orleans,
enrolled at the port of St, Louis, Mo., during the year 1S9S.
Name.
Wliero built.
A.W.Ewing
Benton
Black Diamond
Commodore
Cherokee
Dolphin ITo. 2
Edna
i'awn
Frederick
Gancouado
John L.Ferguson..
John li.IIueo
Jennie GilcnriHt...
Little Eaglo No. 2.
May Bryan
Mill Boy
Miranda
Patience
Pin Oak
Koyal
Osage City, Mo
Pittsburg, Pa
Portland, Mo
New Haven, Mo...
Dubuque, Iowa...
Jeffersonville, Ind
BoonviUe, Mo
IIeimann,Mo
Tuscnmbia, Mo . . .
Hermann, Mo
Grafton. Ill
Evansville, I nd
La Crosse, Witi
Jefferson ville, Ind
do
Heimann, Mo
"Warsaw, Mo
Kock Island. lU...
Hermaim, Mo
do
1878
1875
1886
1890
1888
1891
1887
1880
1883
1891
1876
1879
1871
1877
1875
1893
1892
1882
ia^8
1884
Dale of last
inspection.
May 1,1893
Aug. 4,1893
June 10, 1893
July 7,1893
July 20, 1893
Aug. 26, 1893
May 2,1893
8.1893
1,1893
7,1893
27, 1893
1, 1893
May 22, 1893
June 9.1893
23, 1893
6. 1893
23, 1893
2, 1893
1.1893
May
May
July
Oct.
May
Nov
Feb.
Nov.
May
May
, .do...
I
Dimensions.
•
•
5
■
be
a
1
5
^
5
Feet.
Feet.
Fett.
197.0
33.0
5.0
72.5
14.4
2.3
97.0
23.2
3.2
216.4
33.9
5.4
150.0
30.0
4.5
102.4
21.5
4.2
91.8
19.1
3.4
96.4
14.3
3.0
107.4
23.9
3.5
111.6
26.6
3.6
127.0
20.0
3.0
100.5
18.5
3.8
130.7
19.2
3.9
115.0
28.0
4.5
89.2
18.8
2.8
76.3
is. 7
3.2
95.0
17.5
2.2
86.0
24.0
3.0
Total
tonnage.
4.00
3M.08
18.40
66.45
631.20
186.03
80.35
73.00
82.51
71.35
79.81
136.88
74.48
82.65
97.40
41.10
•3.00
48.93
43. OS
44.82
Name.
a
S
S
«
u
o
pq
A. W.Ewing
Benton i 18
Black Diamond
Commodore
Cherokee
Dolphin No. 2
Edna
Fawn
31
8
6
3C
77
16
12
Passengers.
Engines.
IS
c
8
6C
30
10
50
149
t89
35
20
33
8
50
u
o
9M
«*s
4)
1
5
s
CO
"A
8
1
36
2
10
2
50
2
60
2
15
2
25
2
50
2
u
9
s
«8
In.
6
10
17
16
8
8
I
00
Ft.
5«
3
4
7
7
31
o
Boilers.
u
5z;
1
3
1
3
3
1
i Flues.
Ft.
3
24
14
20
20
26
14
14
•
u
•
I*
9
5
o
z
o
5
s
JZ5
§
Q
In.
In.
40
38
30
70
6
21
^
44
6
5 2>12
4^
40
6
IS
42
6
15
44
10
<
42
4
5 2-10
\ 2-12
APPENDIX YY— REPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3119
ABLE 5. — LUt of Bteamera plying on the Missouri Jiiver, in the district of New Orleans,
enrolled at the port of St LoviSy Mo., during the year 1893 — Continued.
ICame.
Frnlerick
GtMtmade
Jahtt L. Fergason.
J«kB£. ango
feukGilchrial....
UttJeEagleNo. 2..
iajBiyao
tfiOBoy
Ctniida
"toaycc
^OBk
£«ral
Name.
W. Ewing.
lek Dianiood.
usodore :
!roke«
IphinNo. 2.
u
n»
iderick
IB L. Fergason.
aie Gilchrist..
ttkEagleNo. 2.
ly Bryan.
ill Boy.
innda
ttieiiee
laOak.
a
0
g
S
es
Passengers.
4
3
c
9
2
a
1
♦a
e
12
24
35
20
39
8
18
50
20
4
5
9
8
57
20
20
u
o
OQ
20
30
20
30
8
10
50
20
57
20
20
Engines.
Boilers.
a
s
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
I
Jn.
7
9
11
12*
12
14
16
8
8*
8
8
I
CO
s
2«
3*
4
3
3
5
1
3A
it
1
I
1
1
2
2
Boilers.
Steel or
iron.
Steel...
Iron . . .
oieei ...
Steel...
Steel...
Steel...
Steel...
Iron . . .
Iron . . .
Steel. . .
Iron . . .
When
built.
ID R. Hago Iron.
Steel..
Iron . .
Iron..
Steel..
Steel..
Steel..
Steel..
Steel..
1885
1875
1886
1890
1888
1891
1887
1877
« .
I
tn
Lbs.
125
125
130
153
169
161
160
110
Licensed to run on —
Mississippi and tribu-
tary rivers.
do
1891
160
1864
91
1882
114
1879
169
1877
151
1875
113
1893
110
1891
135
1890
160
1888
125
1884
125
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
Missouri Kivor 5 miles
above and below Jef-
ferson City, Mo.
Mississippi and tribu-
tary rivers.
do
ki
5
5
s
^
6
a
«
«
•^*
Ft.
P
In.
14
36
20
42
16
42
16
42
20
31
20
38
22
44
14
44
H
30
15
40
17
40
12
36
Flues.
a
U
&
%
4.*
i
M4
"A
Q
6
5
12
5
10
10
In,
«
6-10
5
10
6
8
S 3-10
> 2-12
34
Tubular.
7
36
5
4-6
3-7
3
7
Xarae and address of sole
or managing owner.
Missouri River from St.
Charle?, Mo., to 10
milesabove Hermann,
Mo.
Mississippi ond tribu-
tary rivers.
do
do
Missouri and tributary
rivers.
do
C. C. Turner, Osage City,
Mo.
J. R. Em, St. Louis, Mo.
Otto Marker, Osceola, Mo.
S. H. Scblief, ]^ew Haven,
Mo.
Cherokee Packet Co., St
Louis, Mo.
Dolphin Transportation
Co., St. Louis, Mo.
L. C. Lohman, Jefferson
City. Mo.
ChasTB. Able, St. Charles,
Mo.
Henry Castrop, Tuscum-
bia, Mo.
Hermann Ferry and Pack-
et Co., Hermann, Mo.
Colo & Callowav Trans-
gortation Co., Jeflerson
ity, Mo.
R. M. Marshall, Tusciim-
bia. Mo.
Arfrentinc Sand Co., Kan-
sas City, Mo.
Southern Transportation
and Lumber Co., St.
Louis, Mo.
Washinj^ton Ferry Co.,
'Washington, Mo'
Hermann Ferry and Pack-
et Co., Hermann, Mo.
Edward Eirkeiidall, Waiib-
iugtouLMo.
Henley H. Moore, Jeffer<
son City, Mo.
Hormauu Ferry and Pack*
et Co., Hermann, Mo.
Do.
Estimated.
t Twenty second cabin.
3126 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 6. — List of steamers plying on the Missouri River ^ in the district of New Orleans,
enrolled at thejwrt of Kansas City, Mo,, during the year 1893.
Name.
A. L. Manon
Alda...
AiniioCade
Belle of Brownvillo. .
Joseph L. Stevens —
Krata
Mattie Leo
Plow Boy
Roy LvndH
St. Elmo
State of Kansas
Where built.
Madison, Ind
Boonville, Mo
Leavenworth, K^ans
Grafton, III........
Jeffersonville, Ind .
St. Louis. Mo..
Grafton, 111 ..?
Sioux City, Iowa . . .
Jeffersonville, Ind. .,
Dewitt, Mo
Madison, Ind
Date of
Year.! last
I inspection.
Dimensions.
1890
1891
1879
1880
1887
1888
1881
1884
1887
1891
1890
Jnne 23,
May 23,
Julv 3.
May 25.
May 23,
May 25,
May 24,
May 23.
May 24,
May 22,
Aug. 14,
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1803
1893
1693
to
-a
a
£
^
C3
Feet.
Feet.
252. 0
52.0
121.0
21.2
127.5
32.0
110.0
30.0
103.0
29r4
&
Total
tonnage.
110.0
.28.0
77.7
2L4
87.0
25.0
57.0
17.4
252.0
52.6
Feet.
6.0
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.2
"i'o'
5.6
3.6
3.0
6.0
1, 130. 34
73.80
17^32
102.44
85.95
*5.00
104. 8L
29.22
04. Id
28. OL
1.130 34
Estimated.
•
n
s
11
0
•
JS
22
12
Passenge
rs.
Name.
o
&
100
58
•
a
1
A , L. Maton ....
50
8
50
50
Alda
A Tinin T'luln ...
Belle of Brownvillo ... ' '
Josenh L. Stctvcns L. ..'...•* '
Krata '
\f jittii* T,i'»r« .
2 4
10 !
10 !
1
30
10
Plow Bov
Jtov Lvnds
St.'Eliiio ' '
25
125
50
25
75
State of Kansas
111
22
Engines.
s
s
J25
Boilers.
•
u
2
•
o
«
a
^
§
8
»«
n
Ins.
Ft.
2 '
20
7
2
10
5
1
20^
5»
1
16
4
2
10
3i
2
H
i$
1
16
<i
2
8
2
2
9
8
2
7
3
2
20
7
Ft.
Int.
28
42
22
42
16
42
18
48
16
. 48
12
\^\
20
48
14
40
18
42
12
40
28
42
16
10
Im.
10
6
.53 ! 2-3
n ^ 2-14
° > 4-8
40 1 3
7 I
16 i
6
10
Name.
Boilers.
Steel
or
iron.
i When
I built.
A . L. Manou Sttt'l . .
Alda Sterl..
Annie Cade Iron . .
Belle of Brown ville Steel . .
J o.seph L. Stevens Steel . .
Krutn Iron . .
i
Mattie Lee Iron . .
Plow Boy ' Steel . .
I
Bov Lvnds Steel . .
St, Klmo ' Ste<l..
State of Kansas Steel . .
1800
e
s
V3
Licensed to run on —
Xame and a<ldrcss of sole
or managing owners.
Lbs.
160
Mississippi and tribu-
tary rivers.
1891
153
1879
119
1880
145
1887
125
1864
80
1881
130
1889
l.=iO
1887
125
do
Missouri River and op-
posite shore.
do
do
1891
I
1890 I
155
160
Missouri Uiverand trib-
utarlcR.
Missouri River, lOmiles
above and below Mi-
ami, Mo.
MiHMi.sHippi and tribu-
tary rivers.
Missouri River and op-
posite shore.
Missouri and tributary
rivers.
Missi.ssippi and tribu-
tary rivers.
Kansas City and Missouri
Itiver Transportation Co.,
Kansas ('ity. Mo.
Ben.iamin McMabon, Boon-
ville. Mo.
William .A. Ca^le, Kansaa
City, Mo.
James W. Morgan, Leaven-
worth, Ivans.
James L. Porter, lioon-
ville.. Mo.
Hale Chapman, Armourdale,
Knns.
John BurrusH, Miami, Mo.
Dewitt X. Smith, Boon-
ville. Mo.
Lexington Coal. Ferry, Rail-
roatC and Transportation
Co., Lexington, Mo.
Orris J. Miller, Kovodo,
Mo.
Kansas City and Misaouri
River Transportation Co.,
Kansas City, Ma
kPPENDIX Yy — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3121
ILE 7. — Li8t of steamers plying on the Missouri River , in the District of Xew Orleans,
enrolled at the port of St. Joseph, Mo., during the year 1893,
Name.
Where built
« St. Jo»opb, Mo
wrty LyncU White Cloud, KaD8.
riBctfts St. Joseph, Mo
Kame.
iny Lynda,
news'
a
3
Date of
last
inspection.
.Tnne 13, 1893
Mar. 17,1893
Aug. 28, 1893
* Eatiinated.
DiniensionH.
^ ^ .
Total
^
C8
tonnage.
s
£
§•
^
1 •
FeetA Feet.
Feet.
53.5 1 13.5
3.5
16.42
G4. 0 18. 0
3.0
27.03
*4.00
1 ■
Paaseiigers.
EDgincs.
o
»4
♦^
■
o
tted
a
*^4 H
u
»4 •
a s
■*»
©-S
u
■D
9
«
•*4
■*»
PU
^
tJl
10
10
20
20
16
16
*
Boilers.
•
•
Fluos.
•
•
1
1
•
»4
•
5
1
S
s
a
Strok
i^
bo
a
1
5z;
§
5
Itit.
JV.
Ft.
Int.
Ins.
1
8
1
1
nu
34
t28
3
1
7
i?
1
7
30
1
12
1
4i
A
1
3
24
t
t Tubes.
Name.
7" L.ynd«.
ccaa
ENG 94-
Boilcra.
Steel
or
irou.
When
built.
Steel.
Iron .
Steel.,
■19G
1887
1883
1891
o
u
as .
~ C3
Lbg.
120
«
120
125
Licensed to run on—
Missouri and tributary
rivers, 2,000 miles and
return.
Missouri Kivcr, 10 miles
above and below
White Cloud, Kans.
Missouri Kiver. 10 miles
above and below St.
Joseph, Mo.
Name and address of sole
or managing owner.
John Davis, St. Joseph,
Mo.
John H. Lynds, AVhite
Cloud, Kans.
Michael Hilgert, St. Jo-
seph, Mo.
3122 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. ^. ARMY.
Table 8. — List of steamers plying on ike Missouri Biver, in the district of New OrleanM,
enrolled at the port of Omaha, Nebr,, during the year 1893.
Kame.
Where bailt.
Andrew S. Bennett. . . ,
Castalia ■
Capitola Bntt
J im Lei gh ton
Josie L. K
Last Chance
Little Maud
Mary £. Bennett
Sueen, No. 2
osobud
VintStillinj^s
Sioux City, Iowa.
do
Moutrone, Iowa
Sioux City, Iowa
Chamberlain, S. Dak
Burlington, Iowa. . . .
Sioux Citj', Towa
Covington, Nebr
Tieville, Iowa
Pittsburg, Pa
Metropolis, 111
1880
1892
1883
1880
1884
1870
1882
1888
1879
1877
1881
Date of last
inspection.
Sept. 5,1893
May 26, 1893
Aug. 13, 1893
Aug. 28. 1893
Sept. 14, 1893
July 13, 1893
Aug. 28, 1893
Aug. 30, 1893
July 18, 1893
May 27, 1893
Dimensions.
•
•
5
a
♦*
ja
be
m
7
fl
3
o.
^
»
s
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
115.0
30.0
3.5
110.0
26.2
3.7
83.7
23.3
3.3
95.0
25.0
4.0
60.0
14,0
2.5
08.2
17.8
3.0
92.0
20.0
3.4
65.0
14.0
2.5
44.0
12.0
2.0
177.4
31.3
4.0
131.0
31.6
4.8 ,
TotAl
tonnage.
78.06
00.06
57.31
57.29
22.45
50.47
58.66
21.71
12.00
286.49
177.47
Name.
Andrew S. Bennett
Castalia
Capitola Butt
Jim Leigh ton
Josie L. K —
Last Chance
Little M.aud
Mary £. Bennett.
Queen, No. 2
Kosebud
VintStillings....
•
9
a
1
p
B
i
5
Passengers.
12
U
20
IS
o 3
70
22
20
-3
u
30
32
10
23
23
I'
75 \
15
20
30
30
10
Engines.
u
'A
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
In.
"4
10
11
114
6
11
2U
Feet.
4
\
\nh
Boilers.
9i
Xi
s
d
I
1 Feet.
I 22
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
ma
2
20
20
22
18
24
18
^
24
22
In
O
a
.a
In.
48
42
46
48
42
42
40
38
30
45
42
Flues.
6
10
52
4
10
a»;
-it:
In.
52-14
(4-6
^2-10
7
2-8
12-10
8
Name.
Boilers.
Steel or
iron.
d
Xi
Andrew S. Bennett.
Castalia
Capitola Butt.
Jim Leighton.
Josie L. K...
Last Chance.
Steel
Steel.
Steel.
Steel.
Steel.
Iron.
2
§5
CO
Licensed to run on—
Little Maud Steel
I
Mary E . Bcnnct t S t eel .
Queen, No. 2 Iron .
Boscbud Steel
VintStillings ' Iron.
1883
1892
1885
1891
1888
1870 !
i
1889 ,
I
1891
18
t 4
1882 .
t
1878 '
Lbg.
140
160
145
135
120
83
156
170
110
149
135
MiaHis8ipi)i Biver and
tributAries.
do
do
Missouri River and op-
poHito shore at Pierre,
S.Dak.
Mi.ssi.ssippi River and
tributaritM.
do
Name and a<]dre<is ofanTo
or managing owner.
Missouri and tributary
rivers between Fort
Randall, S. Dak., and
Niobrani, Xcbr.
Mi8si9Hij)pi and tribu-
tary rnM'rJU.
Minsouri Rivera! forry
crossings.
Mi8H{ssi))i)i and tribu-
tary rivi'is.
Missouri River and op-
posit-o shore.
D. Ayers, Ponca. D^A•>^
County, Nebr.
B. S. Holmes. Sioux City. la
K.A.Conway, Sioux City, la
Chicago ancl Northwestern
Rwy. Co.
Yankton Bridge and Ferry
Co., Yankton. S. Dak.
M. K. King, Chamberlain,
S. Dak.
Jos. Leach, Sioux City, la.
R. A. Talbot, Covington,
Nfbr.
George Anderson, Decatur.
Nebr.
Sioux City Packet Co.,
Sioux City, lown.
SeUer Bros.*, Sioux City, la.
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3123
Table 9. — LUt of steamers plying on the Miseouri Bivery in the dietrict of Xew Orleans,
enrolled at the port of Burlington , Iowa, during the year 1893.
Where built.
Year.
Bate of last
inapection.
Dimensions.
Kame.
!
•
1
Total
tonnage.
J*flPpnM>nTille. Ind
1880
1880
Aug. 16, 1883
May 25. 1883
Feet.
180
95
Feet.
34.0
23.5
Feet.
5.0
3.3
380.48
Pniiae
Louisville. Kv
80.35
i
•
m
B
I
OQ
■
m
Passengers.
Engines.
Boilers.
Xame.
1^
•
1
1
Steerage or
deck.
•
1
2
2
1
Ins.
20
10|
1
•
4
1
•
t
1
JR.
24
24
1
p
Int.
38
40
Flues.
a .
^MB Ber trsm .••■■■> ..
Ft.
Ins.
BnliBe
5
8
2 IS
Name.
hka Bertram
Ptnlise
Boilers.
Steel or
iron.
Iron .
Steel.
Licensed to ma on~
Mississippi and tribu-
tary nvers.
do
Name and nddresn of sole
or managing owner.
St. Louis, Keokuk and
Northwestern llwy.
do
3124 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 10. — List of steamers plying on the Missouri River y in the district of New OrlcanSy
enrolled at the port of Dubuque, Iowa, during the year 1893.
Name.
Wbere built.
Geo. X^. Bass.
Nome.
Geo. L. Bass
Dubuque, Iowa
Year.
I Date of last
inspection.
1885
Dimensions.
June 5,1893
•
•
ja
Total
J3
"3
tonnage.
a
1
£*
1
S
<S
Feet.
Feet,
Feet.
1
91
21
3.3
1 58. 32.
t
CO
t
9
20
Passengers.
1^
8
.5
20
09
20
Engines.
{25
Int.
10
9
a
CO
Ft.
Boilers.
9
ja
Ft.
16
Inn.
42
Fines.
Diam-
eter.
10
Ins.
6
Name.
•
Boilers.
Licensed to run on—
. •
Steel or
iron.
When
built.
Steam pressure
allowed.
Name and address of sole
or managing owner.
Geo.
L. l^asa
Steel....
— -
1885'
Lb*.
106
Mississippi and tribu-
tary rivers.
Jas. Jobnson, Dubuque,
Iowa.
Very respectfully, your obedient servtuit,
Jambs F. McIndoe,
Additional Second Lieut, of Engineers,
Secretary.
Lieut. Col. Chas. R. Suter,
Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.y
President Missouri River Commission.
:t
m
APPENDIX Y Y — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3125
Appendix B.
s'xlal rkport of s. waters fox, divisiox kxgineer, omaha division, 1894.
Missouri River Commission,
Office op Division Engineer, Office Boat Margaret,
Gasconade, Mo., June 30, 1894,
Colonel: I havo tho honor to submit herewith n report of the operations under
J charge, on the Omaha division of the Missouri River, durin^r the fiscal year
diDg Juno SO, 1894. A map of the river in the vicinity of Council Bluffs, Iowa,
9wiog location of the work done, accompanies.
lu compliance wilh your instructions, a project was submitted, under date of
tgnst 29, 1893, for the expenditure of $15,000, allotted for the repair of revetment
the vicinity of Council Bluffs, Iowa. It provided for the repair of the break in
a Council Bluffs bend revetment by entirely new upper bank work throughout
length, and with new mattress where necessary.
in office was opened iu Council Bluffs, Iowa, October 17, 1893, and measures taken
once for carrying on the work as approved. The necessary cable, strand, rock,
d brush were purchased in open market, except 120 cords of the latter item, which
IS procured by hired labor. Under authority dated October 23, 1893, the following
lilt was chartered for use on tho work, viz :
Due floating pile-driving apparatus, complete, with steam hoist, lines, and all acces-
ries, at $20 per day.
One floating hydraulic-grading apparatus, complete, with Rtoain pump, 2i-inch
m, lines, and all accessories, at $18 per day.
Three barges at $100 per month for the three. One of tho barges, 30 by 100 feet,
18 provided with ways for use as a mattress boat.
The removal of rock ballast from the upper bank of the old work was beguii Novem-
n 1. The driving of piles for anchorage of mattress began the next day, and,
ring to failure in delivery of piles, was not finished until the 24th of that month,
sehnndred and seventy-four piles were driven to an av.crage penetration of 20.14
et each. The grader was in service from November 8 to 26, during which time
265 linear feet of bank, containing 3,535 cubic yards of earth, were graded. In
Idition to this, 519 linear feet of bank, containing 1,422 cubic yards of earth, were
nded by teams with scrapers. Weaving of mattress was begun November 10 on
le upstream side of Gumbo Point, shown on the accompanying map at C. By
OTcmber 22, a mattress had been woven in oue piece 910 feet long and of average
idth of 122 feet. It was 155 feet wide at a point 350 feet below its head. This
oTcred tho break in tho old work below the Gumbo Point, and shown on the map
' toD, leaving a break of 1,674 feet in the old work abovo the Point and which was
^paired as follows, viz: From A to B, a distance of 800 feet, the upper bank was
lircd out to grade where necessary with brush and then ballasted with a full quota
f riprap stone; from B to C, a new mattress 874 feet iu length and averaging 52
^tm width was put in, and the upper bank regraded and ballasted. On account
f the severity of the winter weather and ice movements in the river, in one of the
^tter of which, on tho night of November 23, the mattress boat was torn from its
'ooriags and carried to a point below tho interstate bridge, frequent and costly
'^^rraptions and suspensions of operations occurred, necessitating an additional
^otment, by transfer, of $1,800 and prolonging the work until March 31, 1894, at
°ich time i*i was finished. The Government property that had been used on the
I'^k was then shipped to Gasconade, Mo., and tho office closed April 2, 1894. Cost
'^^bits in detail are civen in tho accompanying appendix.
Very respectfullj', your obedient servant,
S. Waters Fox,
Division Engineer.
*^eut. Col. Charles R. Suter.
Corps of Engineers, U. S. J.,
President Missouri IHret* Commission,
3126 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Exhibit A. — Cost in detail of 910 feet of revetment in Council Bluffs Bend.
Classification aud extent.
Driyine anchor piling^, 104, viz :
Labor
• Fuel
Oil and waste
Material, 57 oak piles, 80 feet long, at $4 ; 47 oak pilea, 25
foetlone. at $3.40
Charter of plant, 14 days at $20 per day
Total
Weaving 910 linear feet of mat, viz :
Labor
Material
Charter of plant, 1)9 months at $75 per month.
Total
Anchoring 010 linear feet of mat, viz:
Labor
Strand, f-incb, 42,«80 linear feet ..
Cable, l|-inch, 1, 200 linear feet ...
Wire, No. 8, 183 pounds
Total
Hydranlio grading, 1,554 cubic yards, viz:
Labor
Fuel
Oil and waste
Charter of plant, 10| days at $18 per day
Total
Bank grading with scrapers aud teams, 422 cubic yards, labor.
Ballasting 910 linear feet of revetment:
Labor, placine 1,931.15 cublic yards.
Labor, removing 686.17 cubic yards from old work
Material, 1.244.M cubic yards, new rock
Material, 16 cords of brush.
Charter of plant, two barges 30 days each
Total
Grand total.
Cost per
uuit.
Cost of
each item.
$1.4767
.2019
.0192
3.7288
2.6923
f 153. 58
2L0O
2.00
387.80
280.00
8.1180
1.0152
1.5577
.1154
2,6883
.1520
.3880
.0212
.0055
.5667
1191
0575
0064
1216
3046
1393
.2849
.4548
1.9500
2.7000
12.5000
844.38
923.84
1,417.50
105.00
2,446.34
138.36
353.05
19.26
5.03
515. 70
185.17
80.40
10.00
189.00
473. 57
58.80
511.56
312.06
2,427.71
43.20
25.00
Cost I »,^..,
pcrlinear |^<*
foot. *^***
$0.iK71l
2.6883
.5667
seoi
0646
$844.
2,446
5I&
47%
58
3.6478
8.4157
3,319.
7,658
E^^uiBiT li.—Coat in detail of 874 feet of revetment at Council Bluffe Btnd.
Claasiflcation and extent.
Driving 70 anchor piling, viz :
kbo
Labor
Fuel
Material, 52 oak piles 30 feet long, at $4 each; 16 oak
piles 25 feet long, at $3.40 each
Charter of plant, 8 days at $20 i)er day
Total
Weaving 871 linear feet of mat, viz :
Labor
Material
Charter of plant, 2 barges 2 months 12^ days at $12.50
each
Total.
Anchoring 874 linear feet of mat, viz :
Labor
Strand. § inch, 21.112 linear ieet . .
Cable, l|inch, 5,250 linear feet ...
Total.
Cost per
unit.
Cost of
oach
item.
Cost per
linear
foot.
$L!!961
.2000
3.8457
2.2857
$90.73
14.00
269.20
160.00
$0.6109
1.3072
.4319
7.6275
533.93
.3897
.8484
.0691
340.01
741. 53
60.42
1. 3072
1, 142. 56
.1303
.1998
.1018
113.87
174. 61
89.01
.4319
377. 49
Tota
coat
$533
1, 142.
377.
APPENDIX YY — EEPOET OF MISSOURI RIVEE COMMISSION. 3127
Exhibit B. — Cost in detail of 874 feet of revetment at Council Bluffs Bend — Continued.
CUssificatiuu nnd extent.
Hfdraulic grading 1,981 cubic j-ards, viz :
Labor
Fuel
Charter of plant, 5| days at $18 per daj*^
Total
Baak jading, trith scrapers and teams, 1, 000 cubic yards,
kbor
BsDasting 874 linear feet of revetment :
Labor, placing 1521. 07 cubic yards of rock
Mateiiu, 1,831.97 cubic yards of rock at $1.95 per yard
Total
Grand total.
Cost per
unit.
$0.0760
.0425
.0500
Cost of
each
item.
$150.50
64.30
09.00
1685
.1036
.1158
1.9500
2.0658
333.80
113.64
275. 77
2,967.84
3. 243. 61
Cost per
linear
foot.
$0.3819
1300
3. 7112
0. 5732
Total
cost.
$333.80
113.54
3,243.61
57. 745. OS
Exhibit C. — Cost in detail for repairing 800 linear feet of upper hank work at Council
Bluffs Bend,
Clasaiflcatiou and extent.
Labor, procuring and placing 120 cords of brush . .
Labor, removine and replacing rock
Hateriai, 280 cubic yards of rock at $1.95 per yard
Total
Cost per
unit.
Cost of
each item.
Cost
per linear
foot.
$0.2381
.2106
.6825
$190. 50
168.51
546. CO
1. 1312
905.01
$1. 1312
Total
CQSt.
$905. 01
Exhibit D. — Cost of miscellaneous items of new plant, repair, care, and transportation of
plant, and administration.
Hew plant :
Rope $6L82
SUge plank 104.66
Repairs Ut plant:
Labor 375.37
Lumber $179.73
Oaknm and nails 30.73 210.46
Care and preservation of plant :
Watcmng 277.50
Palling out and launching boats 569. 36
Moving property 205. 23
$166.38
585.83
Freight charges
1,052.00
92.86
..Vdministration :
Labor 593.00
Office rent 144.73
Traveling expenses 200.45
1, 144. 95
038. 18
Total 2,835.34
3128 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Appendix C.
annual report of s. waters fox, division exgineer, st. joseph divisk
Missouri River Commission,
Office of Division Engineer, Office Boat Margare
Gasconade^ Mo., June SO.
Colonel : I have the honor to submit the following report of the operatioi
my charge on the St. Joseph division of the Missouri River for the fiscal yeai
June 30, 1804.
The only work done on this division was in Belmont Bond, on the St.
Reach, during the fall and winter of 1893. The approved project, submittei
date of May 27, 1893, provided for the construction of 3,500 feet of revotc
close the gap between the works in Belmont and Elwood Bends, and the rei
mcnt with rock ballast of 4,500 linear feet of the upper bank of the old £
revetment. Notification of the approval of an allotment of thirty thousand
($30,000) for expenditure in accordance therewith, was received under date <
24, 1893. An office was opened in St. Joseph September 11, 1893, and measure
at once for carrying on the work. All of the construction materials were pui
in open market. As none of the flo&tiug plant under charge of the Commissi
available, the following pieces were chartered under authqrity from the C
Engineers, U. S. Army, dated September 1, 1893, viz:
One steamer, with crew
One sand dredge i
Two barges, each
One barge
Two of the barges were provided with ways, brush platforms, capstans, etc.
sary for their use as mattress boats. The sand dredge was dismantled and o
with a Davidson's pump 18 by 18 by 10^ inches, 4-inch hose, and other ace
necessary for use as an hydraulic grader.
Weaving mattress began with one party October 8 at a point 1,110 feet belo
A on the accompanying map. A second party began weaving October 24 at tl
A . The former finished work November 24 ; the latter, November 8. The tota!
of mattress woven was 4,598 feet, protecting 4,513 linear feet of bank, shown
accompanying map A to B. The maximum width of mattress at any point i
feet; the average width 85.75 feet. The driving of piles for shore anchorage
mattress was begun October 9 and finished November 30. Fourhundred and fift;
piles were driven to an average penetration of 19.54 feet each. The progress
uranch of the work and of mattress construction was seriously retarded by
in delivery of materials. Hydraulic bank grading was begun October 10 and
on, with some interruptions, on account of ice in the river, until Novembe
which time it was finished. Four thousand and one linear feet of bank, con
32,575 cubic yards of earth, were graded. The ballasting of the upper ba
finished December 16. The delivery of the chartered plant to the owners at St. ,
as provided in the charter, having^becn made impossible by the closing of tl
with ice, an agreement "was reached by which they were to accept the plant if
out on the bank at the lower end of the work. All of the hulls, except the i
and one barge (the latter being wrecked by consent of the owners), were pul
by December 16 and a release from farther liability secured. The Govornmei
erty and records were then shipped to Gasconade, Mo., and the St. Joseph oftic<
December 23, 1893. Exhibits of cost in detail of the work are given in the ap]
A partial shore-line survey in Belmont Bend, to show the location of the ne\
ment, was made May 9, 1894. At that time a break about 100 feet long in th
bank work, at (A) on the map, was reported. Under date of June 11 an estii
cost for the repair of the break was submitted. The work will be undertaken
as the river lias receded to a proper working stage.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. Waters Fox
Division Eng
Lieat. Col. Charles R. Suter,
Corps of Engine ers, U, S, A.,
President Missouri liivcr Commission.
S9S9BB9H|
^.••r*
*,® • • •«
5Ii,' • •••J
• ■ . ;r • r*
r ■ *■■ r-
'. ■•
» l-Br
■». ■ Ai
*' a
■r r.
•f ■ i.
>. . t
/«• f89*. .f if. VIQ^ ^«e , Dir.E^
Bug 08 3
^
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3129
Exhibit A. — Cost In detail of 4,513 linear feet of revetment in Belmont Bend, 1803.
Classification and extent.
Ccat per
unit.
Cost of
oach
item.
Purchase of 8,336.94 cubic yanls* of rock
Porchaie of 2^7 cordn of willow brash
Pozchasc of 1,313.41 conln of atiIIow brush.
Total
Wesviog 4,508 linear fi^st of mattress, viz:
Labor
Charter of iilant.
$1. 1000 $8, 170. 6'{
"^iTn^cri Total
foot. I ^*»«t.
♦2.0320 i $9,170.63
1.5000 385.50
2.4500 3,217.8fi
3,003.30
.5574
.0651
2,503.21
384.00
Total.
AarhiriDg 4,598 linear feet of mattress :
Labor
Strand, |-inch. 40,152 pounds, at 3.23 cents per pound
Cable, l|-inrb, 53,410 pounds, at % cent per pound
.6425 I 2,047.21
.1242 57L32
.3242 I 1,490.71
.0871 I 400.57
Total.
Ejdraalic grading, 32,575 fobic yanLs, vix :
Labor
Yw\
Sapplies
Charter of plant
Total.
DriviDg anchor piling, xiz:
Lalwr
Fuel
Material, 457 piles
Charter of plant
Total.
nacing 8,330.94 cubic yanls of rock, labor.
Grand total
. 5355 2, 462. GO
.0315 1,026.49
. 0107 348. 30
.0013
.0102
42.10
528.00
.0597 I 1,944.89
I
1.4710
.0656
1. 3125
.2844
072.24
30.00
599. 80
130.00
8. 1335
1, 432. 04
.3945
3, 288. 99
7084
3, COS. 38
.0515 2,047.21
5457
4;;o9
2,402.00
1,91J.89
.3173
.7288
5.5046
1,432.04
3,288.09
24,840.72
ExoiBiT B. — Afiftcellaneons data and elem9nt8 of cost of 4,61.'] linear feet of revetment in
Belmont Bend, 1S93.
Uiiear feet of re\'etmcnt 4, 513
Linear feet of mattress 4, 589
Square feet of mattress 394, 278. 50
Average width 85.75
Toulcost $24,849.72
Cost per linear foot of roretmeut $5. 5046
Cost persqiuire (100 square feet) $6.30
Exhibit C — Coat of miscellaneous items of new plant, repair, care, and transportation of
jilant and administration.
New plant :
Rope $130. 83
Lumber 23. 49
Cable, steel 10.72
Brooms 1. 50
Sepaim to plant :
Ubor 639.60
Lumber .ind nails 439.20
Care of plant :
Watching $317.94
Pulling out lioats 271.81
Uoving property 223. 00
gI2. 75
Charter, towboat 110.00
Administration:
Labor 1,69L56
Office rent 52.50
Traveling expenses 182. 65
$166. 54
1,078.80
Survey, labor.
022.75
1,926.71
11.02
Grand tot.al 4,105.83
3130 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Appendix D.
annual report of s. waters fox, division engineer. kansas' division. 1894.
Missouri River Commission,
Office of Division Engineer, Office Boat Margaret,
Gasconade, Mo,, June 30, 1894,
Colonel: I liavo the honor to submit tho following report of the operations
nuder my charge, on the Kansas City division of the Missouri River, for the iisoal
year ending June 30, 1894.
Work on this division ^as confined to tho loading of plant and construction materi-
als on barges at East Bottoms, near Kansas City, and the care of plaut while await-
ing transportation from that point to Gasconade, Mo.
On July 1, 1893, there were 28 hulls at East Bottoms. These wore taken away in
tow by the steamer Gasconade and the United States tow boat Alert] the former
taking 7 hulls in 2 tows on July 4 and 12, respectively; the latter took 21 hulls in 3
tows, leaving East Bottoms July 6, 17, and 24.
Tho expense of all of the above operations was charged to the allotment for system-
atic improvement in first reach.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. Waters Fox,
. Division Engineer.
X.ieut. Col. Charles R. Suter,
Corps of Engineers, U.S.A,^
^ President Missouri River Commission.
Appendix E.
annual report of SAMUEL H. YONGK, DIVISION ENGINEER, OSAGK DIVISION, 1894.
Missouri River Commission,
Office of Division Engineer,
Jefferson City, Mo,, June SO, 1894,
Colonel : I have tho honor to submit my report of the operations conducted
under my charge on tho work of improving the Missouri River on Osage division of
first reach during tho fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, as folio w^s :
systematic improvement in the first reach.
Projects, — Tho construction of improvement works was, with ono exception, viz.
Dike 21 A, carried on under approved projects fully described in former reports.
The several works, and the projects of which they form parts, aro as follows, viz:
Tho construction of incomplete parts of Dikes B and C of the project of February 9,
1892; the extension of Dikes 17A, 18A, and 19A, under project of February 17, 1892,
as amended in project of March 21, 1893; the completion of Dikes HO and 21 to the
lines of rectification as fixed by tho latter project; the construction of Dike 34, and
of parts of Dikes 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, and 36 also of tho latter project. The construc-
tion of Dike 21 A became necessary to meet a change in the direction of flow on the
Barkersville crossing, caused by tho formation of a reef whereby Dike 22 wsis threat-
ened with being flanked. Your verbal approval for its construction was given July
28, 1893.
After the river had fallen sufficiently to observe tho ofl^ects of Dikes B, C, and D
of the Cedar City group, it became apparent that these dikes alono were not suffi-
cient to entirely prevent a flow into Cedar City Chute, to accomplish which at
least ono more dike would bo required. In pursuance of your instructions, a survey
and examination of the river in that vicinity were made in July, on which a report
was submitted recommending a modification of the project of February 9, 1892, by
changing tho proposed location of Dike E so as to make it normal to the general
direction of flow from the main river into the chute (see PI. I). Your approval
of the above recommendations was given in August, and I was at the same tim^
instructed to proceed with the work when i t should become possible to do so. It was
not possible, however, to construct the dike during the summer and fall of 1893,
on account of all the available plant being required for more urgent works, nor in.
the spring of 1894, on account of there being no funds available for the purpose.
^y your letter of August 29. 1893, 1 was directed to proceed with the work o€
extending tho Murrays Bond revetment of 1892 to the foot of tho bend, in accordance
with the approved project of August 19, 1892.
APPEN1>IX: Y Y REPO'BT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3131
In ihe early part of September I received yoar verbal instractions to proceed
with the coustmction of the low-water dam, between the Osage and Missouri rivers,
at the bead, of I>od.ds Island, proposed in the project ofMarch 22, 1893.
Two projects T?itli estimated of cost and extent of work required for extending the
improvement of tho Missouri River from the head of Isbell section to Portland,
Mo., were submitted in compliance with your verbal instructions, under date of
December 19, 1893,
DIKE CONSTRUCTION.
Dnring the sominer and fall seasons dike construction was carried on at 15 dikes.
Two parties were engaged in the work — the first beiug employed from July 6 to
September 30, the second from Jnly 21 to November 19.
Preparations for resuming dike work were made in April and a party sent out May
2 to complete the pile driving and bracing as far as practicable. Field operations
were saspended May 30, on account of tne funds allotted for spring work being
expended. Daring the above periods tho equivalent in 3-row dike of 1, 2, 3, and
4 row dilce completed amonntea to 10,218 linear feet. The foot mat for 1,045 linear
feet of dike "was also woven and ballasted and several dikes repaired. This com-
prised all the dike work, whoso construction had been approved, that conld be
reached hy the plant. The details of some of the dikes constructed differ from those
used formerly, as follows, viz : Cypress piles used instead of native oak ; white oak
piles employed for 200 feet, instead of 100 feet, at the stream end : the length of bent
increased to 10 feet; tho dimensions of the longitudinal and transverse braces
increased ; the top diagonals omitted ; long-leaf yellow pine used for braces instead
of the short-leaf variety, and three-fourth inch round iron screw bolts substituted
for the five-eighth inch square drift bolts. The details of bracing are shown on
PI. iL The dikes constructed with the above changes are 26, 27, 28, ^, 34, 35, 36, and
the enter part of 19 A.
Dike B. — At the close of the last fiscal year, 368 feet of Dike B had not been com-
pleted on account of the stage of wftter not having .been high enough to give suf-
ficient depth for tho floating plant on that length of dike. Advantage was taken of
a temporary high stage between July 6 and 13 to connect the dike with the bank by
cmnpleting 175 ieet. The remaining 193 feet, however, were not completed on
Mconnt of being inaccessible.
Dike C. — During the temporary high stage mentioned above Dike C was completed
by constrncting 75 feet at its shore end.
Dike 20, — After proceeding with work at B and C as far as it was practicable, the
party was moved to Dike 20. where pile-driving with a steam hammer was begun July
14. *The dike was extended 497 feet to the line of rectification and a wing 50 feet
long constructed under the stream end.
Pile-driving was completed on the 22d, and the dike entirely completed August
3. White-oak piles were used for the outer 200 feet and wing, and native-oak piles
for the remainder of tho dike.
Dike 21. — Pile-driving on the extension of Dike 21 was begun with a steam ham-
mer Jnly 24 and completed July 30. The dike was extended 206 feet to the line of
rectification.
On account of the scour that had taCken place at the outer end of the work after
operations were suspended last year the depth of water was too great to make a
direct connection between tho ola and the new work, and the extension had to be
liegnn 90 feet back from the end of the former and 80 feet above it, involving the
construction of 306 feet of 3-row dike and 97 feet of 2-row dike, 47 feet of the latter
being tho connection between the old and the new worlTand 50 feet wing.
The work was carried on under considerable difficulties on account of the deep
water and the strong current in which the dike had to be constructed. The dike,
however, was successfully completed without accident, excepting a collision between
the packet A, L. Mason and the plant. This accident was probably unavoidable, as
the outer end of the dike where the plant was employed was directly in the channel,
which was very close and crooked. The damage done was inconsequential.
Dxkt21 A, — The effect of the dikes constructed immediately above Barkersville
Md those opposite them in 1892 and 1893 was to concentrate the flow and cause
it to wash away the head of the middle bar opposite Barkersville, the crossing mov-
ing down stream as the bar cut away ; also to fill up to a certain extent the old
channel along the north bank in that locality.
The effect of the dikes in causing the bar to cut away became in a measure spent
jjpposite Dike 20, and tho volume of flow divided about equally in two i)art8 on the
head of the bar below, one part flowing into Osago Chute, the other into the old
channel between dikes 21 and 22. The right side of the bar gradually extended and
the flow in the old channel was forced by that across tho head of the bar against the
dikes, hy lyhich action the suspension of navigation in this chute was for a time
wcatened.
3132 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
The chaui^o in position of tbo bar described above is sbowD on PI. iii, from which
it appears that during the period of about one year the head of the bar moved down-
stream about 3,000 feet.
Work on Dike 21 A was begun August 1. It could not be carried to the line of
rectitication, as it would have crossed the steamboat channel, thereby closing navi-
gation, nor connected with the main bank on account of a wide foreshore. The part
constructed consisted of 1S6 linear feet of ballasted foot mat between the main bank
and the water^s edge, 183 feet of 2-row dike, and 167 feet of 3- row dike with a short
wing.
The difficulties of constructing the dike on account of the current were greater
than over before experienced on this work and the progress made was slow.
Work was suspended August 17, the dike having been carried as far as it was then
practicable.
The work remaining to complete the dike consists of driving and bracing piles for
136 feet at the shore end and extending the dike to the line of rectification; a dis-
tance of 450 feet.
7>iA:e 17 A. — The invariable heavy scour that occurs at the stream end of dikes pro-
jecting into the current on the concave side of bends made it necessary in extending
this dike to place the new work 60 feet above the old and make it lap 40 feet. The
dike was extended 73 feet to the line of rectification. The actual length of dike
constructed was 113 feet of 3-row and 93 feet of 2-row, 50 feet of the latter being
wing.
Pile-driving with a steam hammer was begun August 7 and completed August 12.
The extension was entirely completed and the screening on the old work repaired
by August 29. Cypress piles were used for the connection between the old and the
new work, native oak for the first 60 feet of the extension, and white oak for the
outer 53 feet and wing.
JHkc IS A, — As described in my last annual report, the work of extending Dike
18 A in accordance with the project of March 21^ 1893, was attempted in May, 1893,
by constructing a part of tne usual 2-row dike for connecting the old work with
the proposed extension. Before very much was accomplished work had to bo sus-
pended on account of the river rising over the dike. Work on the dike was resnmed
August 18y the part of the dike constructed in May repaired, and the dike extended.
It laps the old work 70 feet, is situated 100 feet above it, and has a 43-foot wing.
The length of the 3-row dike in the extension is 343 feet, 70 feet of which is lap.
White-oak piles were used for the outer 150 feet and wing, and cypress for the
remainder of the work. The dike was completed September 1.
J)ikc 19 A. — This dike extends 1,471 feet from the main bank. It consisted of 1,890
feet of 3-row and 271 feet of 2-row dike, the latter being wings and tbe connections
between the old and the new work where offsets were made. The discrepancy iu
length between the 3-row dike constructed and that of the dike's axis is accounted
for by laps at offsets, amounting to 174 feet, and dike destroyed during floods,
amounting to 245 feet. At the close of the last fiscal year the dike had been
extended 1,100 feet from the shore, or to within 580 feet of the line of rectification.
Work on it was resumed August 12, 50 feet above and 68 feet back from the end
of the old work. Good progress was made until August 19, when a sharp rise
occurred. The rise brought considerable driftwood which lodged under and
around the plant and among the piles, bending over and breaking off a number of
the latter. By the 20th the river had risen to the top of the piles, making it neces-
sary to move the plant from the dike for safety. The rise caused a suspension of
work for five days, and the tangled mass of driftwood and piling made another off-
set in the dike necessary. The dike was completed September 13. - W^iththe excep-
tion of the outer 150 feet, for which white-oak piles were employed, large cypress
piles were used for its construction. On acconut of the exposed position oi the
outer end of this dike to ice and driftwood a short wing was constructed above it
in addition to the usual wing below. All of the piles were driven by steam ham-
mers to penetrations of from 21 to 25 feet.
During a rise in April a field of driftwood accumulated above the dike. Shortly
before the outer end was submerged by the rise the whole structure appeared to be
in excellent condition. After the water fell it was discovered that the outer 207 feet
had been entirely swept away. Soundings made subsequently on the lino of the
dike point to excessive scour as the probable cause of this occurrence.
Bike 2G, — Jet pile-sinking was begun at dike 26 August 1, 727 feet from shore,
shallow water preventing the pile-sinkers being operated any closer to the bank.
By August 19 the dike had been carried to within 1,058 feet of the line of rectifica-
tion, wliere a short wing was constructed and work suspended, as a further extension
would have obstructed the steamboat channel. In the latter part of August the bar
near the shore cut away and made it possible to sink piles in the gap at the shore
end for 173 feet. In the latter part of September and early part of October the foot
mat was constructed across the gap to the high bank and ballasted. Ir May the
APPENDIX Y y — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3133
piles wero driven and braced for a distauco of 151 feet at tlic north end of tlie gap.
The remainder of the gap could not be constracted, as the low ntago of water made
it inaccessible to the plant. There still remains to complete the dike, to extend it
1,013 feet at the stream end and to construct 405 feet in the gap. Cypress piles
were used exclusively for this dike.
Dlle 27, — Work at dike 27 was begun July 22. As at that time the steamboat
channel was situated close to the bank and crossed the proposed site of the dike, it
iras not feasible to carry the dike farther than 245 feet from the shore. This point
was reached ivith the pile- driving August 2. Considerable difficulty was experi-
(Dced during construction from the swift current.
On Au^ast 4 a drift log struck and broke five three-eighths-inch steel cables sup-
porting the foot maty which was under construction. This allowed the mat to be
rolled up by the current against the piles, resulting in the outer four bents being
overturned. Subsequently this part of the dike was reconstructed and a wing
placed nil der the end.
bike '28. — The construction of dike 28 was begun July 27. The dike was completed
for a lenj^th of 1,316 feet from the shore end September 30. This was as far as it was
posBible to carry the work without obstructing the steamboat channel.
Cypress piles were used exclusively for this dike. About one-third of the piles
were driven by a steam hammer and the remainder sunk by the water jet.
In jet pile sinking, proper penetrations could not be given with the It^tj-inch nozzle
heretofore employed. Satisfactory results, however, were obtained by using two
tbrce-fourths-inch nozzles, one of which was fastened to the foot of the'pilo and the
other moved up and down its side during the sinking. The difficulty in sinking
files with a single jet appeared to be caused in a measure by the light weight and
bnoyancy of the cypress, oak piles in the same locality being given good penetra-
tiona by one jet of the larger size. The shore end of the dike for a distance of 186
ieet was double braced on account of its height.
The dike has still to be extended 874 feet to reach the line of rectification.
Dike 29.— File sinking was begun August 17 at a point 1,640 feet from the shore
end of the dike, it not being practicable at that time to get the plant nearer shore
on account of sand bars and shallow water.
By September 9, 190 feet of the dike next to shore and 903 feet at the outer end
were completed, leaving a gap of 1,172 feet, on which it had been only possible to
(OQstmct and ballast the foot mat. Work was resumed on this dike May 9, and
the pile-driving and bracing constructed for 357 feet at the south end of the gap
and 312 feet at the north end. The remaining 503 feet in the gap could not be con-
structed on account of the bar, which it crosses, being above water. The dike has
i1m> to be extended 210 feet.
Dike 34. — Dike 34 is 1,065 feet long and extends to the line of rectification. Its
eonstmction was begun September 2. It was not possible at that time to connect
the dike with the bank on account of a foreshore of 120 feet, across which, how-
ever, the foot mat was laid and carried up the bank to S. H. W. The dike was com-
pleted, with the exception noted above, to the line of rectification September 30.
Three hundred feet of the pile structure, beginning 190 feet from the shore end,
being high, was double braced.
As this dike is the head of a group and will be greatly exposed to running drift
and ice, the largest piles were selected for its construction. White-oak piles were
Dsed for 200 feet at the stream end and the wing, and native oak for the rest of the
dike. Most of the piles were placed with the jet. The penetrations obtained by
this method in some instances not being satisfactory, a steam hammer was subse-
quently employed to complete driving the piles down. During a rise in the early
part of March a great quantity of driftwood collected above the dike, which resulted
in a breach of about 140 feet being made near the shore end. From soundings made
in the breach in April, it appeared that a scour of from 12 to 16 feet had occurred
and that the mattress had settled to the bottom. By this scour the penetration of
the piles was reduced to less than 10 feet, making the unsupported lengths of the
piles above ground from 26 to 30 feet.
Work was resumed on this dike May 2. The breach was repaired and the shore
end of the dike constructed.
The original design for this dike was a 3-row structure. On account of the increased
depth from scour, the reconstructed part across the breach and the part standing
^tween it and the shore were made 4-row dike, and the largest and longest piles
available used for the work. These piles were driven with a steam hammer and
giTen penetrations of from 22 to 31 feet. The driving was very hard. A rise in the
riyer. which occurred before the work was entirely completed, made it impossible to
attach all the bracing.
Dike 35. — Construction on dike 35 was begun September 4 and suspended Septem-
^r 30. As at this time and during the remainder of the fall the width of the water-
way at the dike was only equal io its proposed length, it was not practicable to
extend the dike farther than 896 feet from its shore end.
.3134 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
The 140 feet adjoining the bank is 3^10 w dike, the 200 feet following 4-row, and
the remainder 3- row. All the piles are doable braced in the manner shown in figs.
2 and 3, PI. ii. Cypress piles were used except for the 120 feet at the outer end,
which are native oak. All piles were driyen with a steam hammer.
Continuous work was prevented ou account of tiaving to remove the hammer to
dike 34 to complete the sinking of piles started with the jet.
Dike 86, — Pile sinking was begun at the shore end of dike 36 September 7. The
bottom being hard and the j^enetrations unsatisfactory, a steam hammer was substi-
tuted for the sinker and the latter moved farther out on the dike, where the bottom
was less resisting. Two-thirds of the piles were driven with the hammer. The
driving was slow, 600 to 700 blows being required to give penetrations of 21 feet.
The piles used were principally native oak and were double braced.
Work was suspended September 30, the dike having been carried 732 feet from
shore to the steamboat channel, and completed that far except attaching some of the
screening, which was done October 12 to 14.
The total number of piles driven and jetted for dike work during the fiscal year
amounted to 3,426, of which 324 were mooring piles.
The number of piles placed in each dike by the above methods and the average
penetrations of each dike are given below :
Number of piles, ayera^e penetration,
and method of sinking.
Letter or number of dike
Water jet.
Steam hammer.
Number.
Axeragc
penetra-
tion.
Number.
Average
penetra-
tion.
B
38
14
Feet.
24
25.7
F9»t.
c
17A
57 »^
18A
11&
304
163
22.7
lOA
21.9
20
SS.S
21
119 ! 22^6
21 A
26 1 10 ft
68 i 21.4
26
279
68
246
153
*219
20.5
21.2
18
20
19.1
45 i 23.8
27
19 ! 23.2
28
141 * 22.6
29
383 23.1
34
125
301
141
25.2
35
22.1
36
78
20.7
21.3
1
Total
1,121
19.8 ' 1.981 ! 21.8
* Seventy-six piles, sunk to refusal by sinker, afterwards driven down by steam hammer.
APPENDIX Y Y — REPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3135
Tlie following table shows the extent of dike work completed :
Groap.
Number
or letter
of dike.
I 1-row.
LoDgtb
i 2-row.
1
L in feet.
Total.
3- row.
4-row.
In dike.
In gronp.
C^dAr CitT...,r, ,
B
C
■
1
175
05
175
05
(
*
Total
270
1
270
1
20
21
21A
..........
,
BarkersT^ilte .
»50
»97
•213
497
306
167
547
403
380
Total
360
970
1,330
17A
18A
19A
I
Oaai^n
<93
M3
^ M55
113
343
•700
206
386
855
^■'•"S" ■■-
Total
291
1,156
1,447
26
27
28
29
1
DoddsIaUnd
18
'49
130
130
132
1.002
245
1,316
1,762
1,069
275
1.346
1,704
■
'«
Total
18
141
4,325
4,484
**■
34
35
36
Hon! «...
•69
»30
132
•916
696
732
266
200
1,251
926
764
• ••••■»>«•
Total
18
131
2,344
466
2.941
•
Total
18
1,193
8,795
466
1
10. 472
»Wing.
• 5^ foot wing, 47 feet connection between old and new work.
• 183 feet mala dike, 30 feet wing.
•43 feet main dike. 50 feet wing.
•75 feet wing, 80 feet connection between old and new work.
• 38 feet wasbeil out in August and 207 feet in March.
' 19 feet main dike, 30 foet wing.
• 48 feet wing, 21 Teet shore end.
*137 feet washed oat, 107 feet of which were reconstructed as 4-row and 30 feet 3-row.
Detailed aiaiement of driving mocring piles.
Extent
of work
(number
of piles).
Quantities of ma-
terial.
Cost.
Letter or number of dike
Native
oak piles.
CoaL
Material.
Labor and
sabsist-
enco.
Total.
19A
18
*27
1
Lin. ft.
732
Biuheli.
23
$82.47
$78. 10
4L63
20.82
$160. 57
21A
4L63
29
30
5
3.' 90
• 24.72
Total
46
762
28
86.37
140.55
226.02
1
* These 27 piles were sunk with a jet but had to be tapi>ed down with the hammer in order to
secure the proper penetration.
Average cost of driving one mooring pile, $3.06—. Total average cost of one mooring pile driven,
•4.93+.
3136 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Detailed aiaiemcnt of sinking mooring piles.
Letter or nnmber of
diko.
17A
18A
19A
20
21
21A
26
27
28
29
34
35
36
Total
Extent
of work
( number
Quaiititics of material.
Native
of piles), oak piles
8
14
13
17
18
27
33
17
43
38
32
37
32
Lin. /I.
27C
48G
478
578
572
1,088
1,130
504
1,358
1,367
1,140
1,342
1.102
Cypress
piles.
Lin. ft.
90
329 11, 617
I
00
8byi
inch
spikes.
Pounds.
5
10
10
15
20
30
28
15
32
85
30
35
22
Coat.
Cool. ' Material.
Labor and
subsist-
ence.
Btuhel*.
20
20
20
80
75
80
70
30
76
75
75
110
75
$32.60
55.59
54.72
73. 33
72.15
129.10
133. 00
58.93
170.20
158. 91
134. 12
160.63
130.59
287
806 : 1,372.93
$23.24
40.93
23.24
78.65
52.03
72,78
99.83
55.05
136.91
54.22
81.94
123.06
118.45
Total.
$55.90
96.52
77.96
151.98
124.18
201.88
232.83
113.98
307.11
213. 13
216.06
283.69
258.04
9G0.33 2,333.26
Avera^^e ccst of sinking one mooring pile, $2.02 — . Total average cost of one mooring pile sank,
$7.09+
Betalled statement of driving dikejnlcs.
Letter or
number of
dike.
17A
18A
19A
20
21
21A
20
27
28
29
34
35
36
Total
Extent of
work j
(number j Native
of piles), oak piles.
Quantities of material.
COHt.
57
115
304
163
119
68
45
19
141
883
125
306
141
White
oak piles.
Lin. ft.
848
3,508
2,530
2,060
374
7,864
1.324
1.680
5,388
1,986 i 24,676
Lin. ft.
1,000
2,362
2,770
2,608
2,531
264
2,532
180
14. 247
/^ I ' 'Labor and
«i?If*** Coal. Wood. Material.! subsist
Lin. ft.
460
2,616
10,022
54
1,594
458
5,222
0,162
2,140
11,522
720
40,970
ButhelM , Cords.
100 i ; $337.36
777. 05
1,861.75
855.42
732. 10
358. 46
220.32
110.67
740. 39
1,691.84
776. 92
1, 834. 17
713. 13
160
........
241
241
210
135
5
1
62
250
360
2.8
155
452
235
2,606
3.8 11,009.58
ence.
$83.57
171. 27
856.76
159.04
162.60
10L54
5L33
126.74
274.90
464.54
219.29
300.54
299.52
ToUl.
$420.03
948.32
2, 21& 51
1,014.46
894.70
460.00
271. 65
237.41
1,015.29
2,156.38
096.21
2, 134. 71
1, 012. 05
2,77L64 13.78L22
Average cost of driving one dike pile, $l.40+. Total average cost of one dike pile driven, $6.
Detailed statement of sinking dike piles, '
Letter ornumb<'rof dike.
B
C
21A...
26
27
28
29
34
36
Total . .
Extent of
work
(nnmber
of piles).
Quantities of material.
Cost.
Native
oak piles.
38
14
26
279
68
246
153
219
78
1.121
Lin. ft.
1,308
502
920
10,280
2,510
Cypress
piles.
Lin. ft.
5,443
8,210
3,394
32,567 1 8,698
8 l>.v i
1
1
1
Labor and
inch
, Coal.
Material.
subsist-
Total.
spikes.
1
1
' Bushels
'
ence.
Pounds.
30
75
$152.37
$108.38
$260.75
10
50
61.14
30.47
91.61
25
60
108. 10
69.72
177.91
228
338
1. 165. 47
202.13
1. 367. 00
52
72
296.17
94.24
39a 41
190
320
1. 212. 37
585.77
1,798.14
136
170
616.29
212.44
828.7a
175
220
924.28
288.18
1,212.49
55
110
384.11
185.02
560. IS
901
1,415
4, 920. 39
1,776.35
6,696.74
Average cost uf ninking one dik e pile, $1.58+. Total average cost of one dike pile sunk. $5.97+.
APPENDIX Y Y — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3137
Detailed statement of weaving foot mat.
Extent of
work.
•
Quantities of material.
Lettei or iiumlier or
dike.
Brush.
finch
wire
cable.
Feet.
2.500
6,000
8, 000
4,000
6,700
4,300
12,700
4.500
14,000
1.*!. ono
A'inch
clamps.
Pounds.
No. 10
wire.
17A
Sg./t.
15, 015
27,645
49. 345 ,
36.591
26,692
30,727
91,421
27,723
89,155
129,625
67, aai
56, 959
49, 093
Oordi.
98
182
295(
228
200
-222
655
148^
659
873i
Pounds.
ISA
ISA
26
21
21A
2«
40
6
57
54
25
20
28
230
175
7
155
290
27
28
29
U
388 1 11.500
1
23
311
1 1 RMi
56"
1
It
302 J 7,000
Total
807, 372
4,558^ 1 107,000
1
677
Cost.
Labor and
Material.
subsist-
once.
Total.
$176. 21
$122.46
$296.67
345.85
292.26
638.11
560.40
559.17
1, 119. 57
412. 51
384.56
797.07
382. a3
341.05
723.88
404. 72
322.46
727. 18
1. 203. 90
1, 058. 00
2,262.08
287.06
341.03
628.09
1,227.99
931.37
2,159.36
1, 597. 57
1,281.40
3,879.06
748.04
773. 93
1,521.97
621. 34
619. 07
1,240.41
566.13
533. 15
a.
1, 099. 28
8, 534. 64
7, 560. 09
16,094.73
Arerage coat of weaving 100 square feet, $1. 08+ ; total average cost of 100 square feet woven, $2. 31—.
Detailed statement of ball ae ting foot mat. *
I-etter or iiumlM^r of dike.
ISA.
9A.
a...
21A.
2B...
34...
»..
M..
Ext«ntof
work.
Sq.ft.
15. 015
27,645
49, 345
36.591
26,092
26,727
91, 421
14,648
89. 155
128, 425
67, 381
56,959
49,093
Total 679,097
Quanti-
ties of
stone.
Cu.yds.
96
218
445
200
185
236
691
219
648
908
641
493
412
5,392
Cost.
Labor and
Material.
subsist-
Total.
ence.
$108. 54
$64.12
$172. 66
246.40
66.17
302. 66
503.15
254.82
757.97
226.13
56.47
282.60
209.17
144. 75
253.92
266.84
97.44
364.28
781.29
361. 24
1,142.53
247.62
170. 10
417.73
732.68
299.90
1,032.58
1, 026. 65
731.80
1,768.45
724.76
860.29
1,085.06
557. 42
250.05
807.47
465.84
267.44
733.28
6, 096. 58
3,114.59
9,211.17
Average cost of ballasting 100 square feet, J^.i6- ; total average cost of 100 square feet ballasted,
fl-36— .
Detailed statement of bracing dikes.
Letter or
BQmlMTOf
dike.
Extent
of work.
Quantities of material.
i-inch
square
iron.
Pounds.
270
90
475
1.100
2,420
1,052
],2il
825
|-inch
round
bolts.
ii-inch
wash-
ers.
Pounds. Number
205
10,382^ 7,443
1, 813i
894
8,233
3.479
2.898
4.043
3,271
142
10,836^
Atcra
1,335
659
2,352
2.360
2,067
2,678
2,489
14,080
8 by I
inch
spikes,
Pounds.
25
10
35
85
285
115
90
90
178
51
802
805
263
275
178
Pine
lumber.
2,910
1,318
6,412
11, 392
24.455
14. 880
10,063
9,300
26. 387
7,830
26, 136
38, 320
27.442
34,008
23, Ml
Cost.
2,287 i 264.100
Material.
$70.47
31.29
130. 20
276.40
602.57
853. 97
269.01
224. 76
643.83
201. 09
681. 28
959.27
699.84
878. 04
617, 68
Laborand
subsist-
once.
$87.63
18.59
37.23
94.05
233. 72
132. 86
90.24
81.26
408.94
121.57
372. 39
476. 77
300.25
467.60
484.06
6, 639. 79
3, 408. 06
Total.
$168.09
49.88
167.53
371.36
836.29
486.83
859.25
806.03
1,062.77
822.66
1,063.67
1,436.04
1.000.09
1,346.64
1, 101. 74
10,047.84
W«oe^£^g£^Kt of bracing 1 linear foot of dike $0.33— ; total average cost of 1 linear foot of dike
ENG 94 197
3138 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Detailed statement of laahing dikes.
Letter or nambcr of dike.
B
C
17A
18A
19A
20
21
21A
Total
Ext«pt
of work.
^uantitiPH
otmatoriul.
Cost.
Lin. ft.
176
95
206|
485
314
547
402|
380|
2,6051
,.-..' 'Labor and
*'«aWP '"' 1 Material.' aubsiat-
Feet.
n
r)
1,500
2,000
5,000
3,000
1,500
3,000
$14.29
19.06
47.65
28.59
14.30
28.59
$17.93
11.64
55.42
64.60
42.36
14.23
36.92
0.42
16,000 I 152. 4P 252.61
i i
TotaL
$t7.93
11. 64
60.71
83. 73
90.01
42.82
51.22
38.01
405.09
* The cable used for laabing dikes B andC was expended daring the lastflacal year but was not
attached until the beginning of this year.
Average cost of lashing 1 linear foot of dike, $0.10— ; total average cost of 1 liiiear foot of dike
laahed, &.16^.
Detailed statetnent of screeninff dikes.
Letter or nam-
brrof dike.
B
C
P
Q
17A
18A
19A
20
21
21A
26
28
20
C4
35
30
ToUil
Extent of
work.
Lin. ft
37
95
265
431
342^
485
803^
547
4024
380l
918
1,276
340
987
926
774
9.010
Quantities of material.
Brush.
Cords.
Poundf.
1
2
7
50
9
60
15
75
24*
90
53
285
. 8
no
17*
102
27
83
36
125
43
160
15
40
424
45
320
m
280
392
1,780
20d.
8by|
wire
iucli
nails.
spikes.
Pounds.
Pounds.
10
30
6
0
12
80
20
5
15
125
42
160
140
40
55
300
50
50
150
80
815
564
Pino
lumber.
Cost.
Ft.,
S. Jz .
113
340
1,144
1,584
680
408
1,760
810
1,360
1,156
1,232
1,965
1,349
2,640
2.486
2.497
21, 527
Material.
$4.89
11.57
3a 20
51.56
41.63
53.04
132.67
33.70
6L54
71.80
93.06
124.75
57.74
136.70
137.22
148.11
1, 197. 77
Labor and
subsist-
ence.
$4.49
15.53
36.38
48.64
26.50
100.81
235.85
46.84
76.88
60.22
99.31
132.84
99.56
221.32
146.44
162.82
1, 523. 43
Total.
$8.88
27.10
74.58
100.29
08.13
162.85
368.52
80.63
138.48
132.01
192.37
257.59
157.30
358.02
28.1.66
310.93
2,72L
Avorago cost of screening 1 linear foot of dike, $0. 17 — ; total average cost of 1 linear foot of dike
rccncd, $0. 30{-.
M:rcc
Jissumc^ of cost of dik^ construction on Osage division, first reach^for fiscal year ending
June 30, 1894,
DikoB $445.65
DikoC 180.23
DikeP 74.58
DikeQ 100.20
Dikelt.'V 1,253.52
DikolSA 2,603.56
DikolOA 5,629.40
Dike20 3,751.09
Dike 21 1,750.87
Diko21A 2.448.93
I)iko2« 6,521.83
Dike 27 2,110.27
T>ikc28 7,623.74
Dike 2D 9,453.81
Biko:W 6,389.86
Dike 35 6,005.58
Dike 36 $5,085.06
Total net cost 61.518. 17
Administration 2, 485. 00
Office and incidental expenses 8, 538. 53
Current care and repair of plant in sorv-
ioe 2.523.21
Steamboat service 6.780.33
Surveys 3,005.12
M i scellaneona 360. 1)
18, 752. 31
Total cost of dike constmction ... 80, 370. 48
APPENDIX y Y— BEPOET OP MISSOURI KIVER COMMISSION. 3139
DIKE REPAIRS.
The following dikes were repaired, viz : Q, 2, 9, 10, 11, 13, 13A, 13B, 14, 17, 22, and 34.
NeQe of the repairs were extensive ; they cousistedy for the most part, of renewing
the screening and strengthening the stream ends.
The details of repairs are as follows, viz : Repairing screening on dikes 2, 10, 11, 13,
13A, 14, and 17; slight repairs to bracing of dike Q; constructing 160 feet of 2-row
dike above dike 9 to serve as an ice breaker; filling in the wiug to S. L. W. with sec-
tional mats and stone and extending it downstream 40 feet; replacing broken piles
at stream end of dike 10 and strengthening the outer end with 2 clu.^^ter.s of piles
mbich were lashed and braced to the dike; driving a cluster of 3 piles at the stream
end of dike 11 ; driving 8 piles and rebracing'ontcr end of dike 22, and rccoustnicting
137 feet of dike near the shore end of dike 34 referred to above. The work lost by
high water and driftwood amounted to 470 linear feet, or about 4^ per cent of that
constructed during the year.
The cost of dike repairs is given in the following Ktatemcnt: .
Quantities of material.
Cost.
Letter or
Dumber
of dike.
33:5
525
--!
9 8
a
a
p.
•
'a?
8
mm
e
•
3
§
■" a.
•
i
a
%
«
•
•a
o
CO
§ = '>!
1 :r
a
a
S
o
.
o
-2- '
rs
5 1 •
£ ■!
.a ' a
^ : e
•-! 1 rt
O 1 o
^ 1 ^
1
1
apq
s
a
300
•
•
90
1
a
gi
(4
1
Total.
0 . .
1 ,
10 37i 138
$8.38
it'll. 9ff
$59.60
r :
5.... ---.
612
03
22. 08 "34. 0*
56. 76
9
1.258
214
102
310
908
50
119
1
129
18i 163
2 2i
17 32
91
""30
669.60 395.301.004.96
]9
::::;:::i §6
34. 86 52. 61
16. 23 3:1. 66
3. 69 3. 45
65. 04 93. 06
11.33 35. .55
19. 45< 44. 73
110.681 71.37
558. 73t 227.50
1
87.47
11.
:.: :::l
49.89
ISA
i
19
15
1
7.14
13B
422
2
2
8
112
1
758
276
153. (K)
14. ...
4 71
"■ 1 .
46.88
1*::: : :
48
53
•. ..
....;... J. .-_
04.18
fi..
424
2.862
10
85
85
175
1?0
L...I 25
2,010
6,008
182. 05
34
• • • •
410
!»n
1.... 180
09, 316
1
780. 23
iu
129
1 1
Total..
2,044
310
4,244
133
1, 023
546
012
9, 382
1, 520. 97 1, 043. 25 2, 564. 22
1 I
Net cost of dike repairs $2,564.22
Admiuintration $103.59
Office and incidental expenses 1 47. 49
Correut care and repair of plant in service 105. 17
Steamboat aerrice 282. 6:J
Surveys 127.75
766. 63
Total 3,330.85
RESULTS OF DIKE WORK.
The stage of wf^ter at all times during the year has been almost uniformly below
the average. The highest sta^e attained was 1 to 3 feet below S. H. W. for four days
in the early part of July and for about two weeks in the latter part of Jluie.
The channel rectification accomplished described in former reports remained prac-
tically unchanged during the year.
The effects of new work constructed lust prior to and since the close of the last
fiscal year, although not quite as marked as in former years, are quite extensive and
show considerable progress in the direction of the proposed improvement except of
channel enlargement in front of dikes 21, 21 A, and 22. This progress would proba-
bly have been more pronounced if a higher stage of water had prevailed for a longer
period.
The accretions around the dikes of the Cedar City group have built up to 3 or 4
feet, reducing the areas behind the dikes and below S. H. W. 20 to 25 per cent. The
accretions behind dikes Q and Y have extended and raised. A fill of from 2| to 5
feet has occurred in the old slough crossed by dike l,and the accretions behind dikes
9, 10, and 11 have built up slightly. A part of these accretions is covered with a
growth of willows.
The old channel above Barkers ville, crossed by dikes 17, 18, 19, and 20, has filled
up considerably, and the areas behind.dikes 21, 21 A, and 22 reduced 20 to 30 per cent.
3140 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
•
The middle bar in front of dikes 26, 27, and 28 has been almost entirely cut away,
tbo areas behind the dikes in the old channel crossed by them reduced, and the pro-
posed new channel along Cote Sans Dessein bluff partly developed.
To May 12 accretions 4 to 5 feet deep formed behind dike 29, about 20 feet deep
behind dikes 34 and 35, and 5 or 6 feet deep behind dike 36.
No data is presented in the accompanying tables of the details of change in cross
section for the dikes below dike 22, as they are still incomplete.
Data pertaining to the highest and lowest stages only at which the sections were
sounded are given in Table III for dikes 1 to 14 inclusive, ns data covering interme-
diate stages for these dikes have been published in reports of former years.
No exact comparison can be instituted between the percentages of area filled back
for the different sections shown in Table III, as the sections were sounded on differ-
ent dates and under different conditions.
The position of the recitilied channel referred to in the tables is indicated on PI. i.
Table I. — Areas of cross eectiona of the Misaouri River in the vicinity of the dikes con-
structed in Osage division, first reach, from soundings made during th^ fiscal year ending
June SO, 1S94; also areas of scour and fill resulting from the dikes.
Section.
Dike B>
Dike C>
DikeD>
Dike 16'
Dike 17 >,
Dike 18 >.
Dike 191.
Dat4»e.
June 8,1803
Jalv 18, 1893
Aii^. 9, 1393
Sept. 25, 1893
Nov. 2,1893
Juno 14. 1894
Jmio 8,1893
July 18, 1893
Aug. 9, 1893
Sept. 25, 1803
Nov. 2, 1893
Juno 14, 1894
June 8,1893
Aug. 9.1893
Sept. 25, 1893
Nov. 2,1893
June 14, 1894
June 9,1893
July 13.1893
Aug. 11, 1893
Aug. 30, 1893
Sept. 28, 1893
Oct. 20,1893
June 9,1893
Julv 13,1893
July 24, 1803
Aug. 2. 1893
Aug. 16, 1893
Aug. 30, 1893
Sept. 28, 1893
Oct. 20,1893
July 13, 1893
July 24, 1893
Aug. 2,1893
Aug. 16, 1803
Aug. 30, 1893
Sept. 28, 1803
Oct. 20,1803
Julv 21, 1892
June 16,1803
July 12.1893
July 24. 1803
Aug. 2.1893
Aug. 16, 1803
Aug. 29. 1803
Sept. 28. 1893
Mar. 19, 1803
Gauge.
Feet.
118. 70
116.60
110. 85
108.20
107.85
117.15
118. 70
116.60
110.85
108.20
107. 85
117.15
118. 70
110.85
108. 20
107.85
117. 15
118.10
116.
111.05
110.30
108. 10
107.70
118. 10
116
113.80
113.35
110.55
110.30
108. 10
107. 70
116
113.80
113.85
110. 55
110. 30
108. 10
107.60
117.45
114. 55
116.45
113. 80
113. 25
110.55
110.45
108. 10
110. 75
Areas below standard
high water = 122 feet.
1 In rec-
Behind tifled
dikes.
chan-
nel.
Sq.ft.
18,400
17, 520
14,960
14,000
15, 200
14, 480
19,280
16,560
17,120
16,000
16,000
15,740
24.000
27,360
26,000
26.880
21, 920
12,160
11.480
11,600
11,440
11,200
11,200
8,960
6,400
6,400
6.400
6,400
6,400
6,400
6,400
20,680
20,120
21,600
20,640
19, 520
19,760
19, 520
37,440
31,280
28,000
30,390
31.430
30, 150
30, 710
30,790
27,800
Sq.ft.
24,320
28,640
26,328
22, 400
21,440
25.280
23,820
26, 720
27.44P
23,680
23, 120
22, 720
25,360
27,360
25. 120
24,320
26,080
27,680
26. 320
28,800
26. 720
26.880
26,240
33,760
31, 120
32,080
35.200
34.960
33. 840
32, .'>60
30,960
25, 480
25,200
26.800
25. 200
25,360
25,360
25,280
14.400
18, 800
19. 040
19. 840
20,880
21,000
21,240
20,960
20,400
Fill or scour be-
hind dikes.
Fill or scour in
rectified chan-
nel.
Total.
Sq.ft.
42, 720
46,160
41,288
36,400
36. 610
39, 760
43,100
43, 280
44, 560
39,080
39,120
38,460
49,360
54,720
51, 120
51,200
48,000
39,840
37,800
40,400
38,160
38,080
37, 440
42, 720
37, 520
38. 48()
41,600
41^360
40; 240
38,960
37,360
46,160
45, 320
48.400
45,840
44, 880
45, 120
44, 800
51. 840
50,080
47, 040
50. 2:{0
52, 310
51,150
51, 950
51, 750
48. 200
Since
last
date.
TotAl.
Since
last
date.
Sq.ft.
+880
+ 2,560
+960
-1,200
+ 720
Sq.ft. Sq.ft.
+ 880
+3, 440
+ 4,400
+ 3,200
-f3,920
—4,3^
+2. 312
+3, 928
+960
—3,840
+ 1,720 +1,720
—560 +1.160
+ 1.120 +2,280
±0 +2,280
+ 260 i+2,540
—2,900
—720
+3,760
+ 560
+ 400
!— 3. 360 —3. 360 —2, 000
+ 1,300 —2.000
i —880 '—2.880
+4.960 j+2.080
+ 680
—120
+160
+ 240
±0
+680
+ 560
+720
+ 960
+ 960
+2.240
+800
—1,760
+ 1,360
—2, 480
+2,080
—160
+ 640
+2, 560
dO
±0
±0
±0
±0
±0
i + 2,5C0
+ 2.560
+2. 560
i 2. 660
+2.560
+2, 560
H 2,500
-1, 480
+960
f 1.120
—240
+ 240
+ 560
—920
+ 40
+ 1.160
—920
+ 1,160
^-6, 160 +6,160
+ 3.280 +9,440
2.390 +7.050
-1,(H0 +6,010
+1,280 '-r7,290
—560 1+8,730
- 80 I f-6. 650
+2.990 i+9,640
+2,640
—960
— 3. l-!0
+240
+ 1,120
+1,280
+ 1,600
+ 280
—1,600
+1,600
—160
±0
+ 80
-4,400
-240
—800
1,040
—120
Total.
Sq.ft.
—4.320
—2,008
+1.920
+ 2,880
—960
—2,900
—3.620
+140
+700
+1.100
—2,000
+240
+1,010
—720
+i,aJo
—1,120
-+9Q0
+800
+1,440
+2,640
+ 1.680
—1.440
—1,200
—80
+ 1,200
+2,800
+280
—1,320
+ 280
+120
+ 120
+ 200
—4,400
—4,640
—5,440
—6.480
s600
—240 I —6, 840
f280
+ 560
—6,560
S.000
+ Tho
washing
and 2, P
gain in area
away of the
1. in.
behind dike in caused by the deepening of the
head of the middle bar. This will be better
chuto below dike 19 A. and by the
understood by referring to figs. 1
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3141
Tablf: I. — ArtcM of cross section* of the Missouri River in the vicinity of the dikes con-
structed in Osage division, etc, — Continued.
Section.
Dike 20*
Dike 21* ...
Dike 21 A
Dike 22*
Date«.
July 21.
Dec. 6,
Apr. 28,
May 30.
Juno27,
July 12,
July 24,
Aug. 2,
Aug. 16,
Aug. 29,
Sept. 8,
Sept. 28.
Oct. 18.
Mar. 19,
Sept. 2,
Oct. 10,
Apr. 28,
Miiy 16.
June 27,
Aug. 2.
Oct. 18,
Mar. 20,
Aug. 1,
Aug. 28.
Oct. 18,
Mnr. 20,
May 9.
Kept. 2,
Dec. 6,
Apr. 28,
July 25,
Aug. 28,
Oct. 18.
Mar. 20,
1892
1892
1893
1803
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1894
1892
1892
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1394
1803
1893
1803
1894
1894
1892
1892
1893
1893
1893
1893
1894
Gauge,
Feet.
117.45
106.85
117. 40
116. &5
117.80
116.45
113.80
113.35
110.50
110.30
109.35
108. 10
107. 75
110.75
109. 75
107.60
117.80
115. 20
117.70
113.25
107. 05
110.65
113.85
110. 65
107.65
110.65
114.45
100.75
106.75
117.30
113.85
110.55
107.65
110.65
Areas below Atandard
liigh water=122 feet.
Behind
dikes.
Sq.ft.
43,245
42, 920
47.360
46.880
49, 520
48.840
52, 720
.'i3. 450
52.800
52, 240
52,000
52,160
50.790
48.320
19.005
18,880
18.880
17, 240
18.200
17,840
15.760
13,360
18,160
16,920
17,600
15.680
12,360
18. 152
17,485
12,480
14,880
13,360
13, 760
13, 680
In rec- 1
tified I
chan* >
nel. i
Total.
S(j. ft.
12,080
12,160
14,080
11,200
14,080
14. 080
16.080
16,000
16,400
16,880
16,960
17.480
17.200
19, 520
12.585
12, 810
14,640
13, 120
11.200
15,120
17,720
17,760
10,800
10.200
13,200
17,120
16,960
20. 675
21, 362
19,600
16,000
16,640
15,760
16,560
Sq. ft.
55, 325
55,080
61,440
58, 080
63, 000
62, 020
68,800
69, 450
69.200
69, 120
68,960
69,640
07,960
67,840
Fill or scour
behind dike«i.
+325
1-^,440
I +480
-2, (80
I +G8U
1—3,880
—730
+6."iO
4-560
+240
—160
-fl.400
12,440
Fill or scour in
rectified chan-
nel.
I + 325
I —4,115
I — .i63.'>
I -6.275
I —5.595
I —9,475
i— 10, 205|
-8,996
I —8.755
I —i<,91b
—7,515
i --5,075
—80
-l,i>20
-2.88C
-2,880
:^0
-2,000
-f80
—400
—480
— 80
-520
+280
-2, 320
+ 125
±0
+ 1,640
—960
+360
+2,080
+2,400
+ 1.240
—680
+ 1,920
I 3, 320
+667
'+5,005
—2, 400
+ 1,520
I -400
i +80
+ 125
+ 125
—225
—1.830
+1, 765 + 1, 520
+ 805+1,920
+ 1,165—3,920
+ 3,245—2,600
+ 5,645 -40
+ 1,240 +600
+560 —3, 000
+2, 480—3, 920
+5,800
+667
+5, 672
+ 3,272
+4,792
+4,392
+4,472
+160
—687
+ 1,762
+3,600
—640
+ 880
—800
—80
—2,000
+ 880
—2,000
—2, 000
—4,000
—3,920
—4,320
—4,800
—4,880
—5, 4410
—5,120
—7,440
—225
—2,055
—535
+ 1,385
—2,535
-5, 135
—5,175
+ 600
—2,400
—6,320
-6,160
—687
+ 1,075
4-4,675
+4,035
+4, 915
+4,116
Hii?JJ^*l5®'5^^T*? " "behind dikes" and " in rectlfiecl channel," there are between theaouth
2JI «. r^* ^ v" *"? ^^® 9*?«® ^**"*® ^*™' or the north bank of Dodds I»lan<l, from 26,000 to 28,000
TiA^ Zr ^ ,r" *" beyond the influence of the dikoa to any great extent. The loss in channel area
at dike 22 retulto ixom the encroachment of the middle bar. ^^
+ The gain in area behind dike ia caused by the deepening of the chute below dike 19 A, and by the
uSi^fiTra*^ ^ ^^ **^** middle bar. This will be better understood by referring to flgs. 1
Table II.
Section.
DfkeBi
DikeC.
Dikel>«.
Djkel9i
Dike 20 » '.
Dike 21 .'.*.".'."!!.'!." '.'.*'.'.'"!!'.".'."!!!"' ".*!!I
SSe22^ ^--i^^^^""i*i!"!:!:;::!ii!;;:::.. Abg. i.i89a
^^^^ ! July 25, 1893
Period of observation.
From —
June 8,1893
.do
.do
Juno 16. 1893
Juno 27, 1893
Apr. 28, 1893
To—
June 14, 1894
....do
....do
Mar. 19, 1894
do
Mar. 20. 1894
May 9,1894
Mar. 20, 1894
Increase
in chan-
nel area.
The increase of chaunol area noted for the several sections is the result of deepening.
Per cent.
3.9
—4.6
2.8
8.6
88.6
21.3
57
4
3142 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table III. — Areas and dimenaions of croM sections of rectified channel for different sia,
Date.
Grauge.
Rectified chAnnel below utandard
high water — 122 feet.
Dimension and areaa of recti
channel for different stages
Section.
Areaa.
Fill or
Bconr
since
last
date.
Total
fill
back.
Per
cent of
section
filled
back.
Width.
Mean
depth.
Maxi-
mum
depth.
Ar
Dike 13 *
July 18, 1893
Aug. 9,1893
Sept.25,1893
Nov. 2,1893
July 18. 1893
Aug. 9,1893
Sept. 23, 1893
Nov. 2.1893
Aug. 9.1893
Sept. 25, 1893
Nov. 2,1893
Jnly 14, 1893
Feet.
116.60
110.85
108.20
107.85
116.60
110.85
108.20
107. 85
110. 85
108.20
107. 85
lis .45
Sq./eet.
^,640
Sq./eet.
Sq./eet.
Fett.
1.108
1,085
1,075
1.070
1,020
Feet.
20.4
13.9
6.7
5.5
20.7
15.9
0.8
0
12.4
7.9
7.2
20.2
6.2
17.1
6.7
10.7
9
16.3
8
15
9.3
16.3
10
19.3
9
18.6
9.9
19.5
0.4
18.9
10.7
17.2
8.6
Feet.
23.5
'*?:
Dike C ' . . . .
20,328
22,400
21,440
26,720
27, 440
23,680
23.120
27,360
25.120
24. 320
31.920
24,400
29,280
25.840
26,880
26,080
28,400
23,280
26,160
23,520
30.400
+2,312
+8,928
+960
+2, 312
+6,240
+7,200
8.1
21.9
21.5
16 ; It
10.5 ' -
10 j 1
25.5 2
Dike D » - . -
—720
+3,760
+ 560
—720
+3, 040
+3,600
-2.7^
11.4
13.5
' 1,015
085
980
1,160
1,140
1,140
1,190
1,145
1.240
1,220
1.135
1,060
1,030
1,025
1,000
980
1,100
1,040
1,230
18 L'
13
12
17.5 1 i
Dike 1>
+2,240
+800
+2, 240
+3,040
8.2
11.1
13.5 ;
29 ! 2
Dike 2 »
Oct. 20,1893 107.70
July 14.1893 < 115.45
+7.620
23.5
15 i
26 t2.
Dike 3 ^
Oct. 20,1893
Aug.31, 18»3
Oct. 20,1893
Aug. 11. 1893
Oct. 19,1893
Aug. 11, 1893
Oct. 19,1893
Aug. 11, 1893
Oct. 19,1893
July 13,1893
Oct. 19,1893
July 13. 1893
Oct. 19,1893
.July 13. 1893
Oct. 20,1893
July 13, 1893
Oct. 20.1893
July 13, 1893
Oct. 20,1893
107.70
110. 10
107. 70
111.05
107. 75
111.05
107. 75
111.05
107. 75
116
107. 75
116
107. 75
116
107.70
116
107.70
116
107.70
+ 3,440
11.7
13.5
17
13.5
21.5
16.5
21
17
37.5
31.5
26
15.5
22.5
15
25.5
13
28.5
19
23.5
13
^
Dike 9 »
+800
2.9
Dike 10 '
+6,120
18
1
Dike 11 '
+ 2,640
10.1
1
Dike 13 '
26, 160
31. 200
27,440
28.080
1
+4,240
13.0
3
2
Dike 13 A^.
+3,760
12
1,150
1.140
1,115
1.075
1.020
1,120
1,060
1.126
1,120
:■
2
Dike 13 B>..
27,360
27,62©
24,880
28,000
27,200
26,320
26,240
+720
2.5
:■
DikeU
+2,640
9.6
-2
Dike 16 >
+800
2.9
1
+80
0.3
OSAGE CHUTE DAM.
Alter the completion of dikes 17 A, 18 A, and 19 A it was evident that their &
did not reach far enough below the last-named dike to entirely prevent the
from the Missouri into Osage Chute. I was accordingly directed by yon to
struct the low-wat-er dam/ referred to under the heading of " Projects," *betwee«n
head of Dodds Island and Osage Point, for the purpose of preventing a fuc
development of the Osage Chute channel and of confining the whole dischar^
low wat«r to the proposed rectified channel in front of Barkersville.
The plan and sections of the dam are shown on PI. iv and its location on PI. :B
The distance between the shore cuds on the lino of the dam is 2,425 feet anti-
length of the dam proper 1,525 feet. Its general elevation corresponds to 110
on the Ewing gauge, or about 2 feet above 8. L. W.
The foundation of the dam is a woven mattress sill 60 feet wide, of the stam
type used for revetment, heavily ballasted. The sill extends across the entire c
ing from Osage Point to the head of Dodds Island, a distance of about 2,300 fee?
both of which points the bank is protected by revetment. A portion of the sill a.^
the bar at the head of Dodds Island is at a higher elevation than that of the top <f
dam and has a width of 50 feet. Its purpose is to prevent the dam being llank^
The dam consists of one or more courses of continuous woveu mattress, or fs
mattress, ballasted, each succeeding course being narrower than the precedin|C
Before proceeding with the construction of the dam the bank of the Missouri ^
at Osage Point, for a distance of 500 feet, was protected by revetment. This ^
was begun October 3. At the same time 2 rows of piles, 15 feet apart in 10-foot t^*
were driven or sunk across the waterway on the proposed line of the dam fo*
purpose of facilitating mattress construction and, after the mattress was sura
holding it in place until bedded.
The piles at the west cud for a distance of 180 feet were driven so that theiir^
would bo on a grade rising from the crt^st of the dam to the top of the bank,
were subsequently braced, forming a 2-row permeable dike. The remaincl*
the piles were driven so as to stand about 8 feet above the crest of the dam. -t*
the completion of the dam they were cut down to its elevation. As soon as the
APPENWX Y Y REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3143
ment mattress at Osage Point was completed and snnk the silVwas began at the Point
and caiTie<l acro&s the channel up on the opposite bar.
Three small mattress boats were used in its constrnctton, one placed above the row
of piles, one between, and one below them. It was generally sunk as rapidly as
▼oven. To prevent the mattress from being rolled up or swept away by the current
three^ighth-inch wire cables were attached to it and carried to mooring piles placed
above the dam. These transverse cables were connected in the usual manner with
three-eighths inch cables woven into each selvage and to two intermediate longi-
tudinals of the Hanie size. A scour of 2 or 3 feet occurred over a distance of about 250
feet near the middle of the chute ahead of the sill as it was carried forward.
The construction of a frame mat about 2 feet thick, to form the first course above
the sill, wn« started about a week after the latter was begun. When this mattress
was completed it was not considered practicable to lower about 250 feet of it situated
near the middle of the channel on account of the swift current. That amount of
frame mattress was therefore taken up and replaced by woven mattress. The other
ronrses of mattress for this part of the dam are also of the woven type excepting the
top course, which is a frame mattress.
After completing the mattress work the dam was thoroughly covered with stone
riprap. The mattress sill was then extended over the bar to the head of Dodds
Island, which was revetted for a distance of about 260 feet above and the same ilis-
tance below the sill. The work was entirely completed, including the permeable dike
at the west end, December 6.
Dnrin|v the construction of the dam about 150 feet near the east end settled from
• to 3 feet, and about a month after its completion 70 feet immediately outside of
the dike at the west end settled about 4 feet. In each instance the sunken portion
VM brought up to the level of the rest of the dam by filling in with brush and stone.
'Hie settling referred to was probably caused by parts of the sill not being sufficiently
ballasted to cause it to sink to the bottom whenever rapid scour under the mattress
•cenrrcd.
The discharge of the Missouri River, just before the constntction of the dam was
jiegun, amounted to about 27,500 cubic feet per second, 45 per cent of which flowed
into Osage Chute. On the completion of the dam the whole discharge, excepting a
^erysmaU proportion, estimated at 5 per cent, passed through the main channel of
the river, which was deepened by scour 1 to 2 feet.
The extent and cost of the work are given in the following statement :
Class and extent of work and quantities of materiala.
Revetment at »hore mde^ 1,014 linear feet.
^cftTing 54,481 aqnare feet of mattivsa :
^l)or and siiDsistence
J*0.5 cords brush
J2, 000 feet a - in c h wire cable
'24 2 inch vlamps
BalLwti:
uwtlng 54,481 square feet of mattress :
Ubor and snbustence
4a5 cubic yanls stone rii»'ap
trading bank with hydrauUc pile-sinker, 200 linear feet, 1,582 cu-
l^horandsabsistence
'^bushels coal
^na
^'^S hank with shovels, 720 linear feet, 1,533 onbic yards:
*-abor and subsisteDoe
^'*J|Astiii(r 26,820 square feet, 045 linear feet of graded bank with
»^«^o riprap:
^oor and subsistence
^^ cubic yards atone
1'otal cost of re ve tments
Price of
materials.
$1. 63846
.ooosa
.04
1. 130672
.127
* ««roM high bar 759 linear feet^ S7,9S0 square feet of mattree*.
^^J and subsistence:
^veavingmatress
\Iat^"*«tiug mattress
^« cords brush
f*| cubic yards stone
^^ 30U feet'l-inch wire cable
Total cost of sill.
1. 130672
1.63846
1. 130672
.00053
Cost of
each class
of work
and
material.
$402.74
557. 89
114.36
4.06
132. 16
550. 68
04.84
12.70
154.00
208.83
1, 017. 60
347.97
167.23
880.95
444.35
78.15
Total.
$1, MO. 95
601.84
107.51
154.06
1, 225. 83
3, 340. 72
1,427.65
3144 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
ClaHH and extent of work and quantitiea of matoriaU.
Dam proper.
SiDking 40 mooring piles :
Labor and aubHiatenco
444 liuear feet native oak piling
816 linear feet cypreaa piling
30 ponnda 8 by f -luch spikes
100 bushels coal
Sinking 147 anchor piles :
Labor and aabMistence
3,622 linear feet cypress piling
130 pounds 8 by I inch apikea .
190 fiushels coal
Driving 82 anchor pilea :
Labor and subsistence
2.735 linear feet cypress piling
102 bushels coal /.
Constmcting 2,655 linear feet, 141,040 square feet of woven
mattress :
Labor and subsistence
859. 5 c<)nls brush
29,780 feet § inch wire cable
Ballasting 141,040 square feet of woven mattress :
Labor nnd subsistence
1,800 cubic yards stone riprap
Constructing 3,024 linear feet, 66,528 square feet of frame mat-
tress :
Labor and subsistence
1,803.5 cords brush
275 pounds 8 by g inch spikes
575 ptmnds No* 8 wire
1,458 pounds No. 10 wire
185 pounds g-inch square iron
Ballasting 59.028 square feet of frame mattress :
Labor and subsistence
Taking up 250 feet frame mattress
1,561 cubic yards stone riprap
Total cost of dam proper.
Bracing 160 feet of 2-row dike:
Labor and subsistence
2,4.32 feet, B. M., pine lumber.
845 ])ounds |-inch round bolts
217 wrought-iron washers
75 pounds 7 by g inch spikes.
Total cost of bracing.
Filling sink holes in dam :
Labor and subsistence
64 cords brush on stump...
80 cubic yards stone riprap
Total cost of filling sink holes .
Jieswni.
Revetments at shore ends
8il] across high bar
Dam proper
Bracing 2-row dike
Filling sink holes
Net cost.
2[iscellanrou».
Administration
OtKce and incidental expenses
Current care aud repair of plaut in service
Steamboat service
Surveys
Laying plunk road on dam for hauling material.
Miscellaneous
Total.
Price of
materials.
Cost of
each class
of work
and
material.
$0. 10868
. 135703
. 02327
.127
. 135703
. 02327
.127
135703
127
1. 6:J846
.00953
1. 130672
L 63846
.02:J27
.0309
.0309
.01857
1. 130672
22. 2953
.02552
.00383
02367
.10
1.130672
$82.63
48.25
110. 73
.70
12.70
246.96
491. 52
3.02
24.13
117.57
371. 15
12. 95
1.29.3.24
1, 408. 26
283.80
621.53
2. 035. 21
1,350.84
2, 954. 96
6.40
17.77
45.05
3.44
787. 84
111. 52
1, 764. 98
83.31
54.22
8.80
.83
1 78
142. 87
iS.40
90.45
a, 349. 22
1,427.65
14, 207. 15
148.94
230.72
Total.
784.25
1.116.59
796. 17
2.139.62
967.12
39.57
113.64
$255. 01
765. «3
SOL 87
2.08S.30
2.656.74
4. 378. 46
2,664.34
14, 207. 15
148.94
239.73
It*. 372. 68
6,»5«.06
25, 329. 64
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION, 3146
MURRAYS BEND RKVBTMENT.
The cnrvatnre of Murrays Bend is irregnlar. When the river is above a 3-10 stage
tbe main flow follows the concave bank. At lower stages the channel leaves the
bank in the upper part of the bend, crosses to the tow-head and returns to the main
bank at the month of Cedar Creek.
For the period included between the snrvevs of April, 1879, and September, 1893,
the area of erosion amounted to 1.091 acres^ liaving an average widtn of 2«992 feet
and a maximum width of about a mile. This is exclusive of the erosiou of sand bar
at the lower end of the bend, amounting to 151 acres. During 1893, prior to extend-
ing the revetment in September, the area of erosion in the lower 4,500 feet of the
bend amounted to 20.5 acres, having an average width of 154 feet and a maximum
vidthofSlOfeet.
In pursuance of your instructions to proceed with the work of revetting the part
of the bend below tbe revetment of 1893, a working party was organized and sent
to the bend September 20, and a second one October 2.
The length of the bank which it was proposed to protect is 6,867 feet. Thelower
6.000 feet is composed of fine sand, or sand with layers of loam, and the upper 900
feet of sand and occasional layers of gumbo. The latter part was graded to a slope
of al»ont 1 on 2|, the former to slopes of from 1 to 2^ to 1 on 22.
With the exception of 175 feet which, on account of shallow water, was inaccessi-
ble to the plant, the bank was graded by hydraulic pile-sinkers Nos. 4 and 6. Pile-
sinker li^^o. 4 is provided with a Knowles duplex pump with outside plungers 7
inches diameter by 11 inches stroke and 14-inch steam cylinders. The water
connections between the pump and play pipe consisted of 68 feet of 4-inch wrought-
iion pipe with two quarter and two eighth bends, and 36 feet of 4-inch rubber hose.
Pile-sinker No. 6 is provided with a Worthington duplex pump with inside plung-
ers 7 inches diameter by 10 inches stroke and 12-inch steam cylinders. The actual
Btroke of this pump is 9 inches. Tbe water connections between the pump and the
piay pipe consiHted of 39 feet of 4-inch wrought-iron pipe with two quarter and two
eigbtli bends, and 85 feet of 4-inch rubber hose. A 4- foot play pipe with ring nozzles
vas used with each pump.
The following are the results of hydraulic grading for the lower 5,667 feet of bank.
Details of hydraulic grading, Murray a Bend reretmentf 1893.
[Worthington daplex pump, 7 by 10 by 12 iuchee.]
Bate.
Diame-
ter of
ring
nozzle.
Oct, 12
Oet. 13
Oct 14
Oct. 16
Ofctl?
C»ctl8
Oct. 19
Oet. a)
Oct. 21,
Otl 25.
(>ct. 28,
Oct. 27.
(*ct. 28.
Oct 30.
Oct 31.
^ov. 1 .
AV.2.
Sov. 3 . .
Sor. 4 . .
Soy. 6 . .
Nor. 7 . .
ToUl
Pump I theoretic
*^ al pump
preaaure. | ""^ g,^^
charge.
Pounds.
110
Actual
time
grading.
Height ; Length
of bank, of grade.
Lin. fee.t.
100
140
160
150
178
160
167
125
50
138
204
150
no
126
108
136
I 136
i • 120
110
119
138
Earth
«J![?.h!^ moved by
quantity „« ^„k:^
of earth
moved.
Ou. yd*.
316
477
464
1,040
1,090
864
809
661
254
502
646
015
1,056
1,378
922
1,156
1,388
1,200
990
902
750
one cubio
yard of
water.
Cu.ydM.
0.73
1.11
1.08
2.36
2.48
2.00
1.83
1.50
1.66
1.34
1.52
2.01
2.33
8.05
2.00
2.40
8.03
2.47
2.01
2.44
8.76
3146 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY*
Details of hydraulic grading, Murrays Bend revetment, 1S93 — Continued.
[KnowIet» duplex pump, 7 by 10 by 14 incbo*.]
Date.
Oct.
0«'t.
Oct.
Cit.
(\t.
Oct.
Ovt.
( ct.
Oct.
Ort.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
0<:t.
Oft.
Oct.
K(.v
Nov
Xov
Ko-v
Nov
Nov
n..
10.
11.
It!.
13.
U.
IG.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
25.
20.
27
28.
liO.
31.
.1.
.2.
.3.
.4.
fl .
Diame-
1
ter of
Pump
T\l\^
pressure.
: nozzle.
1
Inche*.
Poundg.
n
100
U
100
U
100
n
100
1
123
1
110
1
110
1
120
120
< St
120
120
r
120
123
1 B
125
*3
1
125
125
125 1
125
115
125
125
125
125
125
Total
Total
tbeoretic-
Actual
Height
of bank.
al pump
time
gradiuff.
charge.
Cu.ydt.
Hru. min.
Lin.feet.
554
7 16
16
517
6 47
16
575
7 20
16
541
7 06
46
518
7 12
16
475
7 02
16
473
7 00
16
503
7 00
16
476
7 03
16
484
7 10
16
479
7 06
16
494
7 19
16
194
2 47
15
517
7 25
15
518
7 34
15
529
7 35
15
421
6 21
I6i
457
7 00
18
480
7 07
16
488
7 00
16
516
7 39
17
518
7 40
16
453
6 43
15 i
221
3 10
15
20. 140
294 15
Length
of grade.
Total ! ^;
qnantitr "^'
^feartb*i«?^«,
moved. , ^~.\
Lin.feet.
80
80
• 120
170
Cu. yd:
306
284
435
526
Cu.
160
895
70
319
96
766
100
S85
170
770
125
517
125
453
200
728
50
274
130
606
135
700
150
1,003
60
383
90
870
100
972
85
812
160
1,283
145
1.367
170
1,396
65
508
5,667 I 34,036
Ihimp.
Knotrles duplex . .
"Worthington du-
plex
Kuowb's duplex. .
Bank
graded.
Lin. ft.
*2,002
\ 2. 825
:840
lUsame of hydraulic grading.
Time of Time
grader in actually
service. I grading.
Bank
^oded.
I
Hrs. Hrt. min.
128 113 42
160
56
130
49
53
40
Cu. ydi.
8,851
17. 780
7,407
Bank
graded b J
one cubic
yard of
water.
Earth
graded in
one day
8 hourH.
Bank
graded in
one day
of
8 hours.
Av«
CQC
Cu. yds.
1.100
2.034
2.209
Cu.yd*. Lin. ft. :
553.2 125.12 '
889.0
1,058.1
141.25
120.00
$0.
.1
* Sandy loam, -with streakn of gumbo.
; Principally very fine sand ; top soil sandy loam.
t Sand and sandy loam.
Tho mattress extends to S. L W. The width of the upper 3,527 feet is 64 feet
of tho lower 3,340 foot from 68 to 72 feet. It is woven by tbree gangs in 4 sectione
lengths of which are 3,163, 2,051, 1,365, and 633 feet. Laps of from 75 to 80 feet
made at each of tue contignous sections of mattresvt, also at tho junction of
npper section with that of the revetment of 1893. The shore edge of the mati
was woven around anchor jiiles, placed 10 feet apar^, and thoroughly covered ^
stone ballast. About 0.57 cubic yards of stone were n.sed for ballasting 100 sq
feet of mattrass. Tho mattress was completed October 28. The upper bank was
lasted to S. H. W. with 0.9 of a cubic foot of a stooe riiirap per square foot,
account of tho sandy character of the bank in the lower 3,500 feet of the ber
covering of straw from 1 to 2 inches thick was laid on the face of tho slope up
half sta<;e before placing tho ballast. The ballasting of the bank was compi
November 18.
I
APPENDIX y Y REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3147
Tlic following statement Bhows the cost and extent of the work in detail :
Class and exteot of work and quantity of material.
Sinliins C77 anchor pilea :
Ltlior and stibsutence
U.214, linear feet native oak piling
C.013 linear feet cypreaa piling
138 pounds 8 by } inch spikes
2U0 pounds 7 by | inch spikes :
489 boslieln ooal
Wearing 7,172 linear feet, 479,300 square feet, of mattress :
Labor and subsistence
2.870.5 cords brush
137,560 feet of I -inch wire cable
9, 150 pounds iinch wire cable
1 012 i-inch clamps
Si(|iDRb clamps
240 pounds No. 10 wire <
BalUstinj; 479,300 sf^uare feet of mattress :
Labor and subsistence .*
2.?23.5 cubic yards, stono riprap
Gnduig 6, 002 linear feet of bank, 1,013 cnbio yards, with shoYols:
Labor and subsistence
6ndn)c6,6921inearfeetofbank,35,563 cubic yards, with hydraulic
pile sinkers :
Labor and subsistence
1,416.25 bushels of coal
Ba)lutijiK6,687 linear feet, 285,484 square feet, of graded bank :
Labor and anbsistence ■
9.279.5 cubic yards stone riprap
Price of
material.
Net cost
XHcellaneons :
Administration
Office and incidental expenaes
Current care and repair of plant in service.
Steamboat service
Surveys
Incidentals
$0.10808
. 135703
.02327
.02367
.127
1.63846
.00953
.04
.04
.08
.0309
]. 130672
.127
1.130672
Total.
Cost of
each cinss
of work and
material.
$612. 57
1, 218. 74
820.05
3.16
4.73
61.95
3, 030. 03
4,703.20
1, 215. 65
306.00
40.48
20.48
7.42
Total.
$2, 711. 20
1,021.20
3, 079. 39
570.04
820. 91
179. 86
1, 562. 43
10, 492. 07
1,204.61
1,715.26
1, 223. 06
3,286.80
1,485.90
174. 57
. 9, 383. 26
4. 100. 59
570.04
000.77
12, a'>4. 50
29, 820. 36
9. 090. 19
38,910.55
In the spring of 1894 about 11,000 square feet of the upper bank protection were
umaged dnring high stages of water by wave action and surface drainage. This was
repaired in May, by removing some of the stoue ballast and fairing up the face of the
slope by a tilling of straw and brush. The cost of the repairs amounted to $125.58.
COKSTRUCTION MATEKIAL.
The quantities of construction material on hand, procured and disposed of, also
ue cost per unit, are shown in the following statement. The«ayerage|cost|i8 for the
ynr : it inclades the purchase price and all expenses of every kind, excepting towage
loenrred in inspecting, handling and receiving each kind of material ; also the value
01 the material on hand at the end of the last fiscal year :
Statement.
CloAsi of material.
t-ui
cords. .
. . cnbio yards..
ijch wire cable feet..
J JJte-oak piles linear feet . .
Aitire oak piles do....
jTPreas piles do....
JJy I inch spikes pounds. .
i7lm«h spikes do....
Jwwirw nails do
5W wire nails do....
I inch m^uare iron do
Ao.iewire do..-.
Ao. 10 wire do....
i^Jlow, pine lumber feet, B. M . .
^I bushels..
wood cords..
finch round bolts pounds. .
^incb washers number. .
On hand
June 30,
1893.
212
1,112
95, 780
46, 254
15. 750
29.098
1,465
000
645
1.255
2,850
3.748
5,989
267,874
1,400
Procured
during
fiscal year
ending
June 30,
1894.
Expended
during fis-
cal year
ending
Juno 30,
1894.
11,0.59.5
21,945
205,060
96,731
255,000
15,000
6,400
4,800
1,0U0
5.039
17.006
11,271.5
22.
300.
14.
91.
67.
4.
375,216
63, 956. 25
35.8
37, 218
24.000
1.
7.
15,
3.
301,
65,
21,
14,
758.7
840
597
008
450
759
275
930
827
880
668
277
9&7
062.75
17.8
204.5
843
On hand
June 30,
1894.
298.3
31, 657
18, 473
217. 548
11, 706
6,025
3,515
1,428
Cost per
unit.
$1. 63846
1. 130672
.00953
.17008
.10868
. 135703
.02327
.02367
.02156
.0235
.01857
.02557
.0300
.0222953
.12958
3. dSlv
.02552
.00383
3148 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
The brush was procured by hired labor and towed an average distance of 37 miles.
The other materials were procured by purchase in the open market. The number
of cubic yards of stone furnished at different points was as follows, viz: 8,388 on the
river bank in Murrays Bend; 1,681 on barges at Jefferson City; 1,908 on barges 1
mile above Jefferson City ; 6,490 at the mouth of Morean Cr^ek, of which 3,753 were
on barges and 1,737 on the river bank; 803 on the river bank at the mouth of the
Osage Kiver, and 3,675 on bargestone-half mile below Hounots Mill, Mo.
All the native oak piles were delivered on barges as follows, viz : 8,960 linear feet
in Moreau Creek; 77,754 linear feet at Bonnots Mill, and 10,017 linear feet on the
work.
The cypress piles were delivered on the ground at the Bonnots Mill yard. The fol-
lowing is a brief synopsis of the specifications under which they were furnished:
*' Piles to be sound, live, fresh-cut rod and yellow cypress ; bark removed ; limbs cut
off close; butts sawed off square; taper gradual; no button heads, short bends and
twists, or numerous or rotten limbs; not over 1 inch out of wind in 4^^ feet of
length; point diameters from 8 to 11 inches; butt diameters of piles 30 to 40 feet long,
from 13 to 19 inches ; 40 to 50 feet long, 16 to 19 inches, and over 50 feet long, 16 to 19^
inches. No pile to have less than 7 inches of heart at point; piles 13 to 14 inches
butt diameter, 1-inch sap ring allowed; 14 to 18 inches butt diameter, 1^-iiich sap
ring, and over 18 inches, 2-inch sap ring." Some of the piles over 40 feet long having
only 12 inches of heart at the butt were accepted on accoun^^f being in other
respects of superior quality. The lumber for dike bracings is all Mllrf long, leaf yel-
low pine and was delivered on the railroad track at Bonnots Mill.
STEAMBOAT SERVICE.
The towing of material, moving of plant, and other steamboat service was per-
formed by the steamers Wm. Stone, Meluaina, Dorris, John R, Hugo, and Pin Oak,
The Hugo and Pin Oak were chartered in the fall when the low stage of water tnade
it necessary to have boats of very light draft. The charter price, without fuel,
of the former was $40 and of the latter $25 per diem. In conducting spring opera-
tions the Melusina was employed for about five weeks, the Dorris for nine days, and
the John R. Hugo for about two days. The total cost of steamboat service amounts
to $21,429.71.
Besides the towing shown in the accompanying table the Wm, Stone performed the
following service, at a cost of $2,383.07, viz: Raising two sunken barges and two
pile-sinker cross boats; pulling 3 pieces of plant off the ways and getting 1 stranded
barge afloat; pulling snags in Murrays Bend ; assisting the* sunken steamer Pattenoe;
washing out deposit at the foot of the launching ways, and working at washing out
the Bakersville crossing.
Tlie following statement shows the extent, cost, and classification of service per-
formed by each boat for the first half of the fiscal year :
Statement,
Name of
boat.
Wm. Stone...
Doria
MeluRiiia
Pin Oak
John R. Hugo
Total..
Classifled service in ton miles.
Bmsb.
187, 701
11, 673
5,342
29,643
141,471
Stone.
Pil-
ing.
3,700 7.013
24, 750 12, 867
13,785 12,162
Mis-
cella-
ne-
ous.
11,830
697
2,989
5.084
24.280
6.905
11,150
693
1.848
355, 730 54, 762 40, 115 44, 876
Plant
9,757
6.252
12, OU
1.873
24,447
Empty
barges.
69,712
25,015
22,181
32,354
67, 391
Dis-
patch
serv-
ice.
32,850
29,115
27, 945
7.740
2,970
Total
315,013
116, 477
lOi, 579
87, 122
243,908
Num
ber of
days
em-
ploy-
ed.
54, 343 216, 653 100, 620 867. 099
I
70,",
136
151
72
58
Cost
per
diem.
Cost
per ton
mile.
f 101. 7685|$0. 02282
19. 0096
21. 3077
28. 4122
51. 6380
.022196
.030766
.023894
.012279
Coal,
per to«
mile.
* Used coal and wood ; principally the latter.
Note.— The columns headed "hrnsb," "stone." "piling," and "miscellaneons," are exclnsL
the weight of the carrying barges and the towboats; that headed " misrcllaneous " includes i
lumber and other plant material ; also coal, proviaionR, etc. Empty barges are barges sent.to £•
?[uarrie8. brush patches, or pile yards for material; plant covers t'he moving of plant betweca
erent localities. The weight and travel of the towboat are not included in any of the compuUfS:
CONSTRUCTION, REPAIR, AND CARE OF PLANT.
Plant construction, — A third set of eight storage tracks 600 feet long was
structcd at the boat yard to accommodate the new plant, and the switch ti:
extended 127 feet to connect with it.
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OP MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3149
Ten frame barges were constructed in accordance with plans prepared at yoor
offiee. These barges are 100 feet 6 inches long by 25 feet wide by 5 ieet 10 inches deep
unidships. The irames, cavils, plankshears; and grab streaks are white oak and the
other parts long-leaf yellow pine. The latter material was used as it was not
possible to get sufficient supply of oak expeditiously or at a reasonable price. The
barges were constructed in two lots of 5 each. The first lot was constructed during
the snmmer on the storage tracks, the second lot in the* fall on temporary ways
erected for the purpose on the bar in front of the woodworking mill. Two of the
latter barges were transferred to the Gasconade division. The following otate-
menta show the cost of labor and material for eaeh lot of barges :
Fiist lot of 100-foot barjres :
36,285 feet, B. M., white oak $1,359.11
153,832 feet, B. M., long-leaf yellow pine 3, 372. 26 *
13,514 pounds iron, assorted sizes 253.28
8,845 pounds spikes, assorted sizes 231. 74
2,141 pounds nails, assorted sizes 47.64
12 pounds white lead .80
850 pounds mineral paint 11. 33
118 gallons linseed oil 58. 11
35 carriage bolts .52
6,037 washers 23.73
142 pounds washers 7. 10
3,817 pounds oakum 225.01
223 pounds sheet lead 10.78
164 pounds nuts 5. 42
Cost of material $5,606.83
Machine boat, labor, subsistence, and supplies C07. 34
Sawmill, labor, subsistence, and supplies 547. 55
Ship carpenter, labor and subsistence 7, 875. 71
Calkers, labor and subsistence 1, 377. 49
Commoulabor 511.08
Launching, labor and subsistence 159. 82
Handling and inspecting lumber and material 775. 57
Cost of labor, subsistence, and supplies 11, 554. 56
Total cost 17,161.39
Cost per barge 3,432.28
S«»iid lot of 100-foot barges :
36,285feet,B.M., white oak 1,359.11
1^3,832 feet, B. M., long-leaf yellow pine 3, 372. 26
13^52 pounds iron, assorted sizes 272. 27
?S^ pounds spikes, assorted sizes 216. 99
2,365 pounds nails, assorted sizes 52. 62
13 pounds white lead .89
510 ponnds mineral paint 6.80
}f gallons linseed oil 76.31
fi7?*"'iago bolts .16
°^'^^ Washers 22.47
Impounds washers 12.25
,d*^ pounds oakum 185.22
'*5 pounds sheet lead 6.67
iff u*.* of iwaterial 5,584.02
8a w • ® boat, labor, subsistence, and supplies 267. 11
gjj j ^ill, labor, subsistence, and supplies 590. 26
CalE ^^n>®^t®r, labor and subsistence 6, 251 . 03
L^ ^^9» labor and subsistence 1,461. 39
QqZ}^ <ihing, labor and subsistence 225. 03
^^ling and inspecting lumber and material 775. 58
^^t of labor, subsistence, and supplies 10,487.46
A^talcost 16,071.48
^<>^t per barge 3»214.30
X
3150 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ^
The cost of the firat lot was made greater thaji that of tho eecoud "fc
deakis to fiirnisti lumber ou time, and also for the reason that tho
weie not as couveuiaut fui construction as the ground in frnnt of
lAtt«r site, however, lieing overdowed hy the June ri»(i, was not sti.
out to be used for such a uurpoee till after the lirHt lot of bargee vtut
Tbe cabin of the oflice boat was completed, 20 horse capetnns ronsl
bnildin^rs for storing bolts and spiki-s erected, ouo at Boiinot's mill an
Ewing's bont yard, and a pliitform for storing coul at the former p
the iiscal year the number of lOO-foot barges was increased by 12, 8 <
coustructe<l on the work, us mentioned ubove, and i by contract on tli
Thciii were also received from the Ohio River eleven 16 by 64 foo
that these acRessioas to the plant Rill not more tbnj
rill become entirely unfit for service during the ensuing f
ira.^The work of lengthening the Htc.imer Doria, for tl
lessening ner draft, was completed and the boat put in service i
cabins and machinery were moved from 4 old pile-sinker hulls and m
constructed during the last fiscal year. Two sets of 52-foot leads trii
were erected and two sets shifted from old cross- bont Lulls to the new i
sive repairs were made to the hull of hydraulic grader No. 5 and a
hammer leads framed and erected on the boat. The old steam-hniiimci
had formerly been on No. 5 were erected on No. 8, and 8 skift's rcconsti
The repairing and launcliing of plant required for spring work wer
9 aud completed April 30. Twenty-live hulls were calked, repaired, >
Tills work was delayed by a fluctuating stage of water and rainy i
following are the quantities of tbe priacipDl plant material UBe<l fui
and repairs:
White pine lumber ftet, B
Short-leaf yellow pine lumber d
Long-leaf yellow pine lumber d
White oak lumber d
Nails, assorted ■ pou
Mineral paint d
Yellow ocber : d
Red lend d
White lead d
^eetlead d
Spikea, asaorled ... d
Onkum d
Norway iron, assorted .......d
Couiiuan iron, assorted ....d
Steel, assorted ... .. . d
Nuts, asBorted ..... d
Sheet iron d
Pipe, assorted I
Common yellow grease ban
Canvas ya
Linseed oil gall
Turpentine d
In carrying on plant constFaction aud repairs, the woodworking n:
constantly employed from July 6 to Novembers. During this period 8
feet of lumber were snrfaced, 75,000 linear feet sawed, and other miscel
Careo/pfnitf.— The plant that was in theiiverand notiuserviceatt:
June rise was kept at Uogi^s ('reek. Wheu field work was suspendeil
floating plant of this division conuisted of 107 hulls. Of this number,
4 small survey quarter boats, t hydraulic trader, and 2 office boats I
on tlio ways during the year. Of tbe remaining 100 pieces, 96 were ]
the storage tracks and 4 pieces, viz, 2 old mattress boats, 1 otltce bm
foot barge were left in the river, the former two under Dike 10, the offi<
Dike 9, and tbe barge nitb tho tnwboat (I'm. Stout, which was laid up i
at the mouth of Osage River.
The pulling out aud storing of plant was begun November 13 ai
December 9.
During the suspension of field operations 6 men were emploved to w(
tor the plant, i at the lio»t yard and 2 on the ll'n. Siane. On the c
Ering work the lloating plant that h.id been in Ber»ice was laid up in
vings, nnd tbe calking of tbe bottoms of the hulls stored on Uio tlM
and the bolls flooded to tbe top of tbe floor beania.
i
Pr«AT£ I.
r
r/
\
Pr AT15 TI
i RIVER COMMISSKDN,
^aSK)N,EIRST REACH.
rva St feed aoojo^be^o^o^t 0*) o^fed
ip %^«^.
y ftdteu) »wOy6*
«aiorl'Tffr'1&94f , of c/ctttty- CrC-. Ux^ttcLe., DiY.^tyK
Ekig 5a ^
^
i»i:.ate: hi.
fj^ct'^UtA^'oUit,
BSION ,
EACH.
3000 ^ce^-
•••■•• • • •
Ifc ,••••■• I-
:^k.^ \ S'./.- • • •
-• • "^ tm M It M ^i> J" •
•at/ ^ ■*:•:::••.>•:
• • 'u:-. • • •• .•./
~ .•???*• • • •
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tlJ4A/6
5:*. •
>•• •
•i»"» • • •
•i» • • • • . • • •
v.. .*•
....11:,,,..... .
e, IJ*^^. o^^-W^.
fiog 63 3
FLATE IV
Eng 53 3
PLA.TK V,
fSlOM
tfiACH.
ItdrvA <^ ^y^A^^x
L
IQOO
^
ieefc
«oft
•>>
tvi/ IjI^iaA =====
i>«^
"N
|67« -
^1
r. HYb ng^f Jfyiv.JBng y».
Bug 63 8
PLATJE VI.
-jER COMMISSION,
'-^adtl'O-ktd c^^ ^yiA/oQ/L^
[(Xtt6:
Soo
1 i I I
1000
J I
Jfee^
' 20 30 40 jfe.£4^
'N
-4
\ " «• ff 1« 9% ««
t of 1893 ^)2^von/1j\u6 ======—
- i89>f - - — —
89-^, o5^ 'SoWt.^.Honifef ^l17»^n^/^.
Sag &a%
PI-A.TE VII,
^ ^ /O Vvi:>e/X/>i.
1^
loooJWb
JHhe2S
nn
"t:
3- now
- - t2lG
laai'
'2f/^^^ciA>vw'%^^.
ho 2 9
2
Tl
k>nge , $iux>* ^-rvgH *
Bug 53 a
PI-A.TE VII,
Dike %
A (y^ J^\y\A>Q/V^
>ooiSfiek
JHhQ28
3>now
- - 12)6
1321
'2f/^^^ClA>VW'^^^.
ho 2 9
2
U>n^^i $iux>*^-rv0H*
J
Bng 53 a
V5.
SSION,
UmAOH.
^'^^d^C^VyxA C^ /^r\y\/OQAy*
1
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:Hai
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To ax 1. ^>OrvCL€., Diy^. E^j r
Engr 68 3
APPENDIX Y Y — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVEK COMMISSION. 3151
Statement of eocpenditures on account of plant
Application.
Plant ronstruction :
Teu 100-foot bargefl
Coal platform, coal chutes, and bath house at Bennets
mill
Set of storage tracks and switch track extension
Twentv-horse cajratans
ML»celIaneo us
Steam and water pipe fittings and plumbing flxtnres,
«tc
Labor and
subsist-
ence.
Kepairs to plant :
I«nj^tbcmng steamer Doris
Tuwur leads
Repairs to hydraulic g^der No. 5
Kepaira to launching ways and storage tracks. .
Il<'-pairs to ski fi's
Changing grader No. 8 to steam hammer driver
K^iiairs to pile sinker
Miscellaneons
8prin<; of 1894 repairs
TiHer rope and chain
Steam heater
Engine frame, cnpntan gear, and other castings.
New chimneys uiid stovepipe
Steam hoao
Care of plant :
Pulling out fleet, winter of 1893
T^uucning fleet, spring of 1894
General rare of plant
Baisiog and pulling out sunken grader No. 8
Itope
Coal oil. soap, matches, gasoline, and other supplier .
Keir plant purchased :
Stoves, ranges, brooms, bmshes, mess utensils,
lamps, crockery, clocks, office furniture, quarter-
boat furniture, filter, and other utensils
Oars, lanterns, oilers, wrenches, .augers, nlatform
scale, brush hooks, flies, shovels, diflerentiiu blocks,
craery wheels, padlocks, etc
Jiaboock fire-extmguisher
Adm inistration
Office and incidental expenses.
Steamboat service
Total
128,012.02
361.67
1,853.10
413. 89
8,075.95
1,012.78
894; 66
674.82
660.61
237.11
317. 07
3, 361. 05
4, 183. 98
758.29
Material.
$11, 190. 85
210.64
1, 569. 83
37.45
2.091.25
194.40
73.05
65.83
104, 12
61.97
166. 38
1, 037. 01
429.00
56.53
3, 493. 61
552,31
11. 363. 65
510.23
235.21
15.15
651.09
23.44
Total for
each item.
$33,232,87
3,
11,
572. 31
423.02
451.34
967.20
088, 4S
1.
4,
4.
207. 18
967.71
740.65
764.73
290.08
483. 45
398. 06
613.04
814. 62
20.26
136 78
113. 40
100.00
129. 50
3,
12,
728.82
567.46
014. 74
533. 67
794.47
421.40
1, 484. 80
331.00
38.50
3, 256. 18
4, 637. 10
8, 885. 22
Totals.
$50,335.22
14,856.72
18, 060. 56
1,855.35
IC, 778. 50
101, 886. 35
The value of plant and material on hand amounts to $9,307.40.
SURVEYS.
The periodical sounding of cross sections on the established ranges of the reach
nntler improTement was kept up till field operations were suspended in the lall,
about which time, on account of want of funds, the regular survey party was dis-
banded and only a few of the sections occasionally sounded.
The total number of sections sounded amounted to 588. Other work carried on
!>y tho survey party consisted of making a survey of the reach between the head of
fitanley Island and Portlandin September and October, making 19 discharge meas-
nreinents and giving lines and elevations for dike construction.
All the field notes have been platted and areas of sections computed and tabulated.
The total cost of surveys, including mapping, tracing, etc., amounts to $5,645.89.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Sam'l H. Yonge,
Divifdon Engineer.
Lieut. Col. Chas. R. Suter,
Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.,
JPreMent MUsouri Bicer Commiasion.
3152 REPORT OF THE CHIEF CF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Appendix F.
ANNUAL liEPORT OF 8. WATKR8 FOX, DIVISION ENGINEER, GASCONADE DIVISION, 1894.
MissouK% River Commission,
Office of Division Engineer, Office Boat Margaret,
Gascon adey Mo., June 30, 1894,
Colonel*. I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations under
my charge on the Gasconade division of the Missouri River during the liscal year
eliding June 30, 1894, viz :
Operations on this division consisted in the care, repair, and alteration of plant;
the construction of new plant, revetment, and dvkes; survey and otlier niiscella-
ucous work incident thereto. The following illustrations accompany, viz:
A map (PI. i) of the reach embraced in the project, from Little Tavern Creek to
Gasconade River, showing progress of improvements and location of works proposed
for its completion.
Six plates (ii to vii) showing in superimposition cross sections of the river, on
permanent range lines, taken before, during, and after dike construction.
Eight photographic views (Pis. viii to xv) of dikes in various stages of con-
struction.
Two photographic views (Pis. xvi and xvii) taken in the Gasconade boat yard,
showing boats in process of construction, on the storage ways; and on the incline.
care, repair, AND ALTERATION OF PLANT,
The principal item of expense incurred in the care of plant was that involved in
the construction, begun during the month of May, 1893, of launching and storage
ways in the yard at Gasconade, Mo. I beg leave to refer to my report for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1893, for a description and the design of the ways. Work was
carried on with a email force until September and then pushed vigorously with a
larger force until its comjjletion, November 4, 1893. During the liscal year, 2,421
piles were driven of which 1,601 were for the support of storage ways, 80 for
shunting tracks, and 740 for inclined or launching ways. The aggregate length of
way timbers placed on the piles was 20,444 feet. The total area aSbrded by the
ways, including shunting tracks and needles, for the storage of hulls, is 23S,312
square feet. The inclined ways present a frontage of 325 feet to the river and
extend from the top of the bank at an elevation of 19.67 feet above S. L. W. to an
elevation of 7.72 feet below S. L. W. The plane of the surface of the storage ways
prouer is 22.2 fe'et above S. L. W.
The pulling out of boats, and placing them in the respective positions assigned
them on the ways, was begun November 5 and finished December 2. The t-otal
number of hulls pulled out was 105, having an aggregate displacement of 5,437.35
tons. Sixty-six skiffs were also taken out of the river and stored under the ways.
The total number of hulls then in the yard was 110, as follows, viz : 1 towboat.
Alert; 1 tow boat, Safirina; 2 stern- wheel tenders (in process of construction), 1 side-
wheel tender, New Thetis (in process of construction), 9 quarter boats, including the
office boat, 12 mattress boats, 7 pile-sinkers ( machine boats), 6 cross boats for pile-
si ukers (3 tower leads and 3 umbrellas), 4 hydraulic graders, 40 barges, 25 by 100
feet ; 23 barges, 16 by 65 feet; 1 barge, 20 by 54 feet, and 3 small hulls of odd sizes.
The above constitutes the entire lleet on the division, except two barges, one 25 by
100 feet and one 20 by 54 feet. The former was in the custody, during the winter, of
the V. S. snag boat, C, B. Suter, and is now lying at the bank here; the latter was
wintered in the Gasconade River.
The power used in the above work was furnished by steam and horse capstans. Of
the former there were four double-barrel capstans, two of which were operated by
the engine off the PhaniXy and two by a pair of nigger engines taken from one of the
old Huag boats. They were mounted in pairs on two special portable frames, and at
such an elevation as would give them a clear range over the major portion of the
yard.
The boats having been thus disposed of, the yard was thoroughly overhanled and
cleaned; the lines, blocks, toolSj^and machinery of all kinds were collected, sorted,
cleaned, and stored. Board walks were built and ladders and gangways placed so
as to make every part of the fleet and yard readily accessible. Shores, to tjike the
weight of the overhang or rakes of hulls, were placed where it seemed advisable. In
the early^8j)ring of the current year all of the hulls were thoroughly cleaned out and
flooded, enough.water being added from time to time to keep the floor timbers well
covered. In some instances it was necessary to make in or Vmtten the oakum, and
even to add now oakum, but generally the seams closed soon after the application of
water. All of the serviceable skiffs, 65 in number, were put into the river in March
to avoid the ex]>ense and injury to them involved in calking that would otherwise
have been necessary.
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3153
Just aft«r the boats were pulled out in the winter, 852 linear feet of 4-inch Aater
maiiiB were laid in the yard for service, as indicated above, for supplying the quarters
ftnd for tire purposes. Seven pings for the attachment of 2^-inch hose were located
on the mains with reference to their efficiency in reaching the plant in case of tire.
The duplex Worthington pump, 10 by 10 by 5.^ inches, of the outside packed plunger
pattern, placed in the steam saw and planing mill for supplying the mains and the
mill, proved too small. It broke down in a trial effort to furnish an effective 1-inch
fire stream and was replaced by a Hooker pump, 14 by 18 by 8^ inches, taken from
pile-sinker No. 15. A pressure of from 50 to 80 pounds of steam was kept in the
mill boiler continuously, except from the time involved in ^' cleaning out." A circu-
lar lank, having a capacity of 5,626.75 gallons, was constructed and erected just
oatside the engine room of the mill. In this way comparatively clear water wasfur-
nifibed for the boiler and through the mains to the quarters. As additional precau-
tioDS against destructive tires, hand lire grenades were distributed about the yard,
and in the houses and cabins; water barrels, containing a saturated brine, were
placed, with buckets, on the roofs of tho cabins; a 5-gallon Babcock fire-extin-
guisher was also put in the watchmen's quarters. The watchmen were drilled, to
•ome extent by occasional false alarms, in getting a stream of water promptly into
play from different plugs. Day and night during the winter months, and in the
oi^ts 8nbse(|uently, two watchmen patrolled tho yard, and one was stationed at
the top of the tower leads, which, from their central position, coiAmanded a view
of the entire yard. It was a part f)f the duty of the latter to tap a bell at intervals
of five minutes. There wfis a night watchman also on the ofiico boat. The labor
and expense involved in these measures seemed to bo warranted by the value of the
property cared for, approximately $387,000, and the character of *' the risk."
In addition to such current repairs as were necessitated from time to time by
breakaf^es, or ordinary wear and tear incident to service, the following work was
done, viz: A new pilot house was put on the steamer Sabrina; three umbrella cross
boats were repaired, provided with new fixed pile-leads, and outfitted for service:
a pair of old double pile-leads arranged for driving piles 13 feet apart, were repairea
tod changed for 10 feet spacing, set on a barge 20 by 54 feet and outfitted for service.
The cabins on barges Nos. 65 and 90, formerly used as quarters for construction
parties, were taken fiom the hulls and placed in tho yard for use as warehouseb.
Tbe following alterations were made in the rooms on tho lower deck of the office
boat, viz: Two small rooms, for storage of trunks and records, respectively, were
cat oft' the forward end of the subsistence storeroom; tho after bulkheads were
moved forward, to afford more space in the laundry and boiler rooms, and a small
room for the storage of canned goods and medicinal supplies. This left a room 19J
by 24| feet for the storage of heavy subsistence goods. The small store room on the
port side, just aft the gangway, was converted into two rooms for use in developing
tod printing photographs and blue prints. A dining-room 9 by 16 feet, for use of
the watchmen and the boat's crew, was partitioned off' from the after store room
tod the remaining space utilized as a drafting room. A shed 4| by 17 feet, for
ttie storage of bar iron, and opening into the blacksmith shop, was erected. A room
^M partitioned off* at the west end of the storage sheds and provided with shelving
for storing stock pipe fittings. By your instructions, the office boat and quarter
boat No. ?4 were calked and launched June 13 and 21 instant, respectively. The
<^t in item of the various operations under the above heading is shown in the
»Ppendix, Exhibit A.
NEW PLANT.
The authorized new plant, the construction of which had not been begun, or was
nnfinished at the close of the previous fiscal year, was as follows, viz : 5 liarges, 25
*>J100 feet; 5 mattress boats, 26 by 70 feet;* the office boat; 2 stern-wheel steam
tenders, 18by9H leet; the side- wheel steam tender yew Thetis, 15 by 74 feet; 3 six-
lead towers for jet pile sinking; 2 pairs of leads for Cram steam hammers; and 9
one-pair-oarfed skiffs.
In accordance with your instructions, no work was done on tho proposed barges.
Tne5 mattress boats were finished, and together with the 4 made during the previous
njcalyear, were outfitted for service, with capstans, reels, and fair leaders. One of
j^cm, tho materials for which did not arrive until late in the season, was not launched,
po others were launched July 29, 31, and August 3. Tho office boat had been finished
ourinj( the previous year, except some work by the painters and steam fitters. The
JDAterialsfor the latter did not arrive until November 4. Tho boat was outtittod and
Jntin service in the latter part of August. The entire office force was installed on
er soon after, and the Hermann office closed November 30, 1893.
Work on the Neto TheiiSf begun August 23, 1893, and Busi>cnded by y<mr order
wted September 1, was resumed September 16 in accordance with in8tructi<m8 con-
wined in your letter dated September 13. The construction of the stern-wheel
tenders was begun September 23, as authorized in the same letter. On December
ENa 94—198
3154 REPORT OP TH]e CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMT.
15 work oil the tlireo steamers, having progressed as far as was thought desirable
in advance of the arrival of the machinery for them, vrsus suspended. The boilersy
fornace beds, stacks aiul breechings, etc., for all, and the engines for the stcm-
wheel boats, arrived March 5, 1894. They were promptly unloaded from the cars
to their respective hulls and construction resumed. On April 16, by your direction,
the force was reduced to that authorized for the period of inactivity, and subsequent
work on the steamers confined mainly to protecting them against weather. The
present status of the stem- wheel tenders is about aa follows, viz: The carpenter
work on the hulls and cabins is finished; all of the woodwork bus been given »
priming coat, some of it two coats, and the roofs three coat^ of paint; the radders
and pilot wheels have been built and the materials for the stern wheels gotten out;
the engines and wheel shafts are in place; three of the pitmans have been made;
the boilers are swung ready to lower into place.
Tables giving elements of weight and showing results of computation in detail
for displacement, capacity, centers of gravity and buoyancy, and accompanied by
diagrams presenting the data graphically, were prepat'ed smd submitted with my
letter dated June 7, 1894. The total weight of each tender, equipped for 8crvic«
and with 5 tons of coal aboard, is given as 73.218 tons; the draft under the same
conditions, 22.76 inches. Drawings were prepared and submitted, under date of
June 19, showing an elevation ana a vertical section of the steamers as they were
constructed.
The hull of the Xew Thetis has been finished; the roof, skylight, and wheelhoases
built; the roof and skylight have been canvassed, and, together with all the wood-
work, has been painted. The boiler is aboard, but not in place. Rills of piping,
steam fittincrs, and other essential fixtures necessary for the three boats, were pre-
pared and submitted under dates of March 19 and 21.
The three new tower-leads were finished, placeil on the new cross-boat hnlls, and
outfitted with toggle irons, fair leaders, blocks, steam and water connectiona,
steam hoists, etc., necessary for service in Jot pile work.
The two Cram hammer leads were completed and placed in position for service on
hydraulic graders Nos. 1 and 6. These pieces Avere chained and braced to insure an
easy distribution of the stresses imposed by their new loads. The l<irge grading
pumps were removed.
The cabins and machinery were removed from the old pile-sinker hulls Noe 2, 12,
and 15, and placed on the new hulls.
The last of the nine one-pair-oared skiffs was finished S<>;)to:nber 19.
Um'ETMENT ^ONSTRUCTIOX.
Operations under this heading were confined to the completion, between July 1
and 5, of the upper bank work on the boat-yard revetment, and the construction and
placing, in the fall, of 14,910 square feet of mattress for the protection of the piles
supporting the submerged launching ways. Three hundred and eighty-two cnbic
yards of rock were expended on the former work and 175 cnbic yards on the latter,
making the total quantity of rock ballast expended on the 3,210 linear feet of revet-
ment 8,744 cubic yards.
The cost of these works is shown in item iu the Appendix, Exhibit B.
DIKE COXSTRrCTIOX.
The first dike party was put in the field August 16, 1894; a second party beg^n
work eight days later. Owing to the nonarrival of some of the articles of eqiiip-
ment neither party was properly prepared for service. This fact, the inexperience
of the crews, and some local conditions of flow, which necessitated frequent shifting
about of the workiug plant from one dike to another, ox)erated to make progress
slow. Probably not to exceed thirty days' work with two parties under fairly good
conditions had been done when instructions from vou were received, under date of
October 27, to suspend field work as soon after November 1 as could possibly be done
without too great danger to incomplete work. Subsequent operations until final
suspeiisifm oii December 15, 1893, were confined to the completion of those dikes
alreatly begun, which were thought to be of greatest importance, and consisted
mainly in extending them to a connection with the main bank. Dike No. 14 was
abandoned, as the work necessary to put it in proper shape would have cost more
than was warranted by the instructions.
XPPEirOIX. Y Y-
•REPOKT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3155
The follo'wiri"; is a statement of the class and extent of pile dike work done:
Dike ^o.
Lfcugtli [
OOIl -
' slructecl.
i
t
{
2- row.
[Jlass and length.
3 -row. 4- row.
1
Trail.
N urn Inr of piles.
In dike. Anchor.
Average
penetra-
tion.
Remarks.
1
U
Ill
1,445
475
1
20
060
330
960
250
250
220
350
100
90
100
70
100
1
114
445
119
302
95
70
170
365
220
272
236
323
64
148
60
9
19
7
26
5
4
5
24
U
17
20
17
4
18
5
*15.6
23.9
23.3
24.4
21.5
22.6
* 1.^ 0
20.3
18.2
22.3
17.0
22.7
17.7
23.4
•
21.5
Finished.
Do.
Do.
IV
V
VI
VII
Vlll
IX
X
XI
Xll
Xlll
XIV
XV
..i 1,063 !
- . 1 28*J
.-.\ 470
... 1,350
... 050
...\ 1.050
880
1, 200
..-.1 265
1 000
260
Do.
Do.
730 feet to
370
180
500
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
conjplete.
Finished.
480
590
Do.
Do.
130
'"'270
720
720
830
180
Do.1
Do.
Do.
1,060 feet to
complete.
2,250 feet to
complete.
1,540 feet to
200
1
i
complete.
Total . .
10, 175
1
880
G.OlO
1,G20
1,110
3.009
191
21.2
*
* Penetr^tioTi limited t>y rock bottom. t One hundred foot of single row work done on this dike.
The cost of tliis work is shown in the Appendix, Exhibit C.
In gener&l dcssigu the dikes correspond closely with those described in previous
reports; tlio only dift'erences that seem noteworthy being the construction of a 2-row
trailing dike, extending from the outer end of tlie main dike 100 feet downstream,
on or near the projected shore line; the lowering of the outer ends of the dikes to a
Tmiform elevation where possible of 1^ feet above 8. L, W., cutting all piles in a bent
to a common elevation, and the use of double instead of single direct braces. The
pilesi iised in tho dike.s were, with a few exceptions, white oak ; the wales and braces
were long-leaf yellow pine — heart stuft*.
Tlic use of steam hammers, of which there were four, namelj-, three ^^B" Cramm
tnd one Tso. 2 Vulcan, although too limited perhaps for final conclusions, clearly
indicated their superiority in range of usefulness, as well as efficiency, to the jet
sinking apparatus used almost exclusively heretofore. The bed formation is such
in places that the use of a jet apparatus iu securing proper penetration of tho piles
is tcdiouM and costly, if not impracticable. The action of the steam hammer is
positive, insuring the desired penetration, except, of course, iu rock bottoms, and
thus effecting incidentally a very considerable economy in tho length of piles used.
Its nianipulation is simpler than that of the jet apparatus, leaving less room for
errors of judgment on tho part of th(i oporators. In a number of cases during the
toeasou's work i>iles were readily driven to desired penetrations after every possible
resource with a jet had been exhausted without success.
The rock, brush, and poles used on the dikes wore procured by hired labor. The
former was derived from three points, viz, the Gasconade quarry, which was opened
during the previous fiscal year; Keith's Rock, and near Little Tavern Creek.
Keith's Rock is a large detiiched fragment of sandstone, lying just inside the
project line, on tho right bank of the river, about 1 mile above the boat yard. It
was purchased at 1 ceut per cubic yard, measured on bargos, with a view to its
removal as an obstruction to flow and navigation, and at tho same time the utili-
zation of tho rock ballast produced. Two thousand four hundred and seventy-five
cubic y arils were thus acquired, degrading the general level of the rock to about 6
feet ai>ove 8. L. W.
Six hundred and fifty cubic yards of ballast were secured from tho bank just
below the mouth of Little Tavern Creek, where a number of large fragments of
rock, <letached by blasting during the construction of the M., K. & K. Kailroad,
lie within tho waterway. The privilege of removing and using this rock was
accorded by the above-mentioned railroad company without cost to tho United
States.
A brush party was put in the field August 8 and kept in service continuously,
except for au interval of sixteen days in October, until November 4. Four thou-
sand and sixty cords of brush were procured. The longest tow of this material was
from the T>atch in Charette bend to the head of the work, a distance by river of 41
miles.
3156 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Tbo location of the dikes as built, and the result of their action on the channel
thus far, i. e., up to the date of the last survey in April, 1894, may be seen on the
accompanying map. The i)rogressive changes of section, during the period from
March, 1893, to April, 1894, may be seen on the accompanying plates (ii to vii),
which give superiiupositions of jiroliles of bottom on permanent range lines, taken
before, during, and subsequent to the construction of the dikes. On that portion of
the reach, clearly within range of the inllucnco of the dikes, the improvement is
marked and as desired. That the results are not more marki d is undoubtedly due
to the fact that up to the time of the last survey no ilood of conseqnenco had
occurred, the highest stage reached being 9. 47 feet above S. L. W. No damage was
done to the dikes during the winter and none since.
TOWBOAT SERVICK.
The U. S. towboat Alert was in service from July 1 to September 30, 1893. From
July 1 to 27 she made three round trips between Gasconade and East Bottoms, near
Kansas City, Mo., for floating plant, delivering twenty-one hulls at the former place.
From August 18 to September 11 she made three trips between (lasconade and Bush-
berg, Mo., bringing nineteen hulls from the latter point. The balance of the time
she was engaged on the Gasconade division in towing construction materials and
handling plant.
The U. S. towboat Wm. Stone was in service until July 16, during which time she
delivered at Gasconade one tow of six hulls from East Bottoms, and two tows
aggregating sixteen hulls from Bushberg. She cleared on July 16 from Gasconade
with instructions to report at Ewings Landing to Division Engineer Samuel H.
Yonge.
The U. S. towboat Sahrina was in service continuously handling construction
materials and plant until November 4, on which date she was laid up at the ways.
The chartered steamers Gasconade and Millhoy were in service as follows, viz: The
former until July 15 in towing floating plant from East Bottoms to Gasconade;
during which time she delivered seven hulls in two tows. From August 11 to
Noveuiber 23 she was engaged in handling construction inati'rials and plant on this
division.
The Millboy was engaged in occasional service of the latter kind from September
9 to October 6, and continuously from October 11 to November 28, 1893.
sukv?:y wouk.
During active construction operations a small survey party was kept alm^ist con-
tinuously in the tield, sounding on the permanent ranges and dike lines; giving
grade and line to dike parties; on slope observations; partial shore-line work; the
establishment and verification, from time to time, of temporary local gauges; and
in miscellaneous work incident thereto. A complete hydrographic survey of the
reach from Little Tavern Creek to Gasconade River was made April 6 to 27, 1894.
A map of this survey to a scale of 1 inch equals 1.000 feet was prepared, and a
tracing of it submitted, under date of May 26, to the secretary of the Commission
with the recjuest that it be reduced to a scale of 1 inch equals 2,000 feet. A tracing
of tiie reduced map accompanies the report.
The cost of all survey work during the year was as follows, viz:
Labor $1,490.82
Subsistence 127. 57
Material 19. 95
I'otal 1,638.34
Under date of February 26, 1894, a revise<l project, with estimates of cost for the
conipU'tion of the improvement of the reach from Little Tavern Creek to Gasconade
River, was submitted. The project involved no change in the alignment of the pro-
j)osed rectified river as a])proved, but recommended some changes in location of
work, and some additional works that were deemed advisable or were necessitated
by new conditions of flow (see accompanying map), viz:
An extra dike XV, A is proposed ; dikes XVII, XIX, and XXI are shown in slii^htly
cliange<l positions; XXII is an extra dike; dike XXVIII is located 1,000 feet lower
down tlian originally proposed ; the revetment in Straub's bend is extended 1,150
feet further upstream than in the approved project; a new system of dikes, XXX,
XXXII, and XXXIV, is proposed. The following is a condensed statement of the
estimated cost of the completion of the improvement of the reach iu accordance
with the project revised as above, viz:
A-PPENDIX yy — REPORT OP MISSOUBI RIVER COMMISSION. 3157
StaU-mmt.
Estimated cost of pro|W!iO(l iliko work *241,020.00
tlHtiuiiUed tost of proposcil n^vitmeiit work 67, 100. 00
Care hu<1 reli.iirof pluut, ralking. liiiinchinK anil ]iiilliiit' out ^niiie 20, 500.00
New pIsLiit, tools, lines, etc 10,000.00
Atl^l lor iteniti of uiliniiiistrntioii, survey, traveling uxpoiiscH, Hiinilry niiit-
oellnoeouH _ 20, 000. 00
Total ('8timnt4'd cost 358, 620. 00
Crolit )>y coat value of innterials on liund and paid for;
Dike matarials *27,274. 77
Dikti or revetment materiala 5, 833.X3
33, 108. 60
325.511,40
This amount could be profitably exppndml during the flsciil year ending June 30,
1895. provided work can bo besun not later than August I, 1(<U4.
^'ery roHput-tfiilly, yonr obedient servant,
S. WATKTiH Fox,
DivMoH Engineer.
Lieat. Col. CKAKi.its K. Si:tbr,
Ci/tpa of Eaginrem, L', S, A,,
President iliaioitri Sirer Comniifrion,
Lilt of eiliibili forming appentiir accompanying Ike foregoing report.
Exhibit A.— Cost in
Exhibit It.— Cost ill
Exhibit C.-CoBt it
a of carit, repair, and alteration of plant.
n tompletin« rovctniuut at (jascouade boat yard.
n of pile dike construction.
—Care, repair, and alteraliou of plant, ISfl^.
I Lnbor. | ''j],"^"'' -Mnloriml-i Suppling., ToUlt
jCI.SM.Itn ' $1.
An< hiHUKf. plnntliig "duil at
PnllineDattKiBta
Storioe '"il caring for plant .
Old umbrella bonln
ChaDgine'loiiblB pile Leada!
«liLu buau Uai
it repnlra
2. M7. «
n. Kt :, ei
1.225! so
285.21
£|i::::::::::
BL.OO
iS!i =-
5^,B4
19.24 2.50
304. -JT 2. OS
154.0(1
3158 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR
Exhibit B. — Cost of finishing Gasconade hoat-yanl revetment, L
I
CIrda and extent of work ilone. !
I Irii
I
BallM8tiii|r npper bank (200 linear feet) :
Material, 382 cubic yards of rock at 73 cents per cubic yard on bar^o at
point of expenditure I $2^
Labor, placing. hauie on bank 1;'
Constructing and ballafltiug n;attrcs» (415 Jincnr feet, or 14,910 equaro feet) :
Construction :
LabtiT 2:
HatcriaLs : I
140 cords brush on bar<re at point of **xpenditnre 32
684.08 pounds three (MglitbH-mch strand (galvanized 8teeli 2
1,235 pounds secondhand car cable 1
Ballasting:
Labor ^ 1
Matc^rialM, 175 rnbic yardti rock, at $I.05U9 per cubic yanl on barge ut
point of expenditure If
Grand total
Exhibit C. — Cost in items of pile dike construction^ ISCfS,
Kind of materials.
Piles:
White oak No. .
Water oak do...
Cottonwood . . .do. . .
Water oak*., .do. . .
Totalt ;
Quantity.
Cost on
cars or at
Cost of
unloading
cars,
wiin^l ' bandling
landinjis. ^^^j ^
barging.
2, 721 ; $13, 909. 52
1.14 ; 507.69
154 I 315.20
37 ! 179.19
Total cost : Labor
Cost of jat points of siste
expend- and i
towing
H. 040 I 14, 911. 60 $2, 033. 42 $1. 107. 51
Wales and braces, feet,
B.M :!87,755
Bolts, srrc w lb.s . . j 30. 533
Bolt^. drift do... 5,930
Washers do. . . I 7, 400
S, 823. 52
454. 86
111.57
1C9. 6U
Total.
Rrush cords. .
Rock cu. yds..
Anchor:
Piles No..
Three -P/ighthH-inch
strand feet..
Cable do...
Total.
iture.
3,810
6, 821
5,108.50
6, 321. 07
191
149. 540
11,599 I
574. 50
1, 480. 45
173. 98
2. 228. 99
Cnrtnin :
Poles cords.
Spikes lbs.
Totr.l
Gradiii;; i)ank
(irnud total
330
3, OOO
762.90
67.02
8:J0. 52
403.14 I 1,233.06
plii
$18, 052. 53 I $9. 8;
1,417.40 1
412.88
9. 389. 83
:i,8:
3
620. 84
3-29. 97
8,729.34
7, a51. 04
5.o:
1 81
i 1
1 *
96.43
_ . .
6]
\ .".'..
ffi
>
96.43
2, 325. 42
1 25
;
403. 14
1 61
1 1
1,61
' Broken in driving.
t Dike piles.
^ Includes $48 labor laHhing on wa!es i
PLATE II .
Z3£.
z
|- POSITION Of PIVOpOaco RtOT«F»CO ChaHNK.1. ♦ O
I
J
231.
rk
— POftlTlOH Of mopOACO P^ftOTiFICD OHANHCL—o ~<|
230.
K
/ y
..*-•
••^—k
»oH or pr<opo»a.D HcoTifieo Cmanncl )(
229.
••-—«»,
>«— •.
<o6Co ftftcri n CD
CHAM ««». — — — ^
22B
^
*""' I
Vo«eo f^ecTiFico CNAf><r<ie.i. f^
14.
tal
Bng 63 3
T»LA.TE III.
t ZZJ
fl.L.W.
BN or PRoro^ED RftCriFlCP CMAMMCk.— — -— ^1 f>
£. 226
k«^» «M«l^Mh t^ mm
S.L.W.
-=:.-^J
'.I I
I
>rt of PRopoAfO RCCTIPieO CHANNac — .
K 229
i
/Jf'
i^=C_" 7711131— / I
I
tN OP pRope»co nftcripiKo chanhcc— — -h!
C:iB<4
;CM ! z
ON op pft«po«Ko RecriPico ohanhku— • -— if ^
C22&
^i —
Of p«(«p«0«D RKCriPlCO CHANMftL
. « »■■
Eng 53 3
-pj-jM-TlBl IV.
%%z
L..W
^
>*irieN or plopovKD RCOTlFt
«ftl
>o«irie«t or pBo^«»eo HuDnncp CHiMn«Bi- — •!
R/iri«t Z20
t-L-Wf
lOH Of PflO^«»ftO l^«0Tiri»O CHANNtk "ij
•"«=;:
S LWi
X
.Sl.,
»N OF pRofBsftao RconrtBp tfMANNew
gL.W
k.
kJ
^■^
m9. I ■ «»^, '-"^
I
I
^7/
'A/
KopaftCD nterifOB CmviNCi. 1|
Bng 68 3
PLATE V.
N«K 217.
^:r:::2^
I
' * nm0^ %
^* «
.K7-
I
pnoi»e9Bo flftcri^iio Cmannku-- - -J
N6C 216
Z
w
J
HeCTlFlKO CHANHCC
i:::^^
— . — ■»«
i
3^
z
X
\
/
^
f
Ranoc >I^
r
<
d
J
2v:
uj* iir;
Bog 5^^
PLi^^TE VI.
• 9
ai^
r^
I
tOPOSCO RECTiriEO CHANNEL 1
Z
4
a
»-
u.
u
laMH
I
>URI RIVER COMMISSION.
iSCONADE DIVISION
OSS SECTIONS OF RIVER
SCALES:
HORIZONTAL
4
VERTICAL
Reference
MARCH I8S5
JUNE IS93 .-
NOVR. IS95 --
APRIL 169**
^r4 A#- /«»#. •/ j9Wnt*r^ /b«, Jhw.JSm^
Bng 63 3
MISSOUEI inVER COICUISSIOK
Baacanails DiviBiazi
cuoss sECTro>rs otbiveb
Ocales
VaMTtCAk
a** o ta' so'
Seference
MlAftCN. !••»
vhiMt ,189* — • • —
ri«^*ii,i99« — • — • —
APmi..i894
\9§nMtaZ repariffyr tSSA^fofSJI^MiermTox^JHtpJSny^
Eng 58 8
APPENDIX Y Y — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVEE COMMISSION. 3159
Appendix G.
establishment of harbor lines in mlssouri river at kansas
city, kansas, and kansas city, missouri.
State of Kansas,
Executive Department, Governor's Office,
Topeka^ September 24^ 1892.
Sir: I Lave the honor to inclose herewith the minutes of a Joint con-
ference of the executive coinniittees of the State boards of health of
Kansas and Missouri, held in Kansas City, Mo., on the 10th instant, to
discuss the cholera situation; also, resolutions adopted by said execu-
tive committees.
I desire most respectfully to call your attention to the resolutions, and
urge that the request therein presented may receive speedy and favor-
able consideration at your hands, and trust that you will direct the
Misssouri River Commission, of which Col. C. R. Suter is president, to
establish the true river front or harbor line at Kansas City between the
States of Kansas and Missouri.
Respectfully,
[Unsigned.]
Hon. Stephen B. Elkins,
Seeretafy of War.
[Second indorsement.]
Office Chief of Engineers,
U. S. Army,
September 30^ 1892.
Respectfully referred to Lieut. Col. Chas. R. Suter, Corps of Engi-
neers^ for early report.
To be returned.
By command of Brig. Gen. Casey:
H. M. Adams,
Major ^ Corps of Engineers.
[Third indorHonient.]
Missouri River Commission,
St. Louis, Mo.j October 12, 1892.
Respectfully returned to the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, with
report of this date.
Chas. R. Suter,
Lieut. Col. of EiujinecrH,
President Missouri River Commission.
[Fourth indorsement.]
Office Chief of Engineers,
U. S. Army,
October J 5, 1892.
Respectfully returned to the Secretary of War with rcMtoniuienda-
tioii that the Missouri River Commission be directed to take into con-
sideration and rei>ort its recommendations upon the subject of harbor
lines at Kansas City, Kaus., and Kansas City, Mo.
Thos. Lincoln Casey,
Brig. Gen., Chief of Engineers.
3160 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
a
[Fifth indorsement.]
War Department, October 17^ 1892.
Respectfully referred to the Acting Judge Advocate General. What
authority has tlie Secretary of War to direct the Missouri River Com-
mission to consider and report upon the subject of harbor lines at
Kansas City, Kans., and Kansas City, Mo.?
By order of the Acting Secretary of War:
John Tweedale,
Chief Clerk.
[Sixth indorsement ]
War Department,
Judge- Advocate-General's Off ice,
Washington, I). C, October 24, 1892.
Respectfully returned to the Secretary of War.
This is a request made by the State boards of health of Kansas and
Missouri, through the governors of those States, tbat the Secretary of
War direct the Missouri River Commission to locate and establish har-
bor lines in the harbor at Kansas City, Mo., and Kansas City, Kans.
It seems from a report of Col. Suter herewith that there is apparently
a necessity for the establishment of lines in that harbor for the "pres-
ervation and protection of the harbor," but the question asked in the
indorsement referring the matter to this oflBce is, " What authority has
the Secretary of War to direct the Missouri River Commission to con-
sider and report u])on the subject of harbor lines at Kansas City,
Kans, and Kansas City, Mo.!"
] do not think he has such an authority in the sense that the Com-
mission would be under obligation to obey such a direction given by
him. That Commission is composed partly of civilians, and its duties
under the statute relate exclusively to something other than establish-
ing harbor lines. It is, therefore, not subject as a body to the orders or
directions of the Secretary of War in the matter of establishing harbor
lines, nor are its civilian members subject individually to such orders
or directions; yet the law authorising the establishment of harbor
lines is such that the Secretary of War might a(;t through the Com-
mission in carrying it into effect, provided the Commission will act in
the matter. That law is, that " when it is miule manifest to the Sec-
retary of War that the establishment of harbor lines is essential to
the preservation and protection of harbors, he may, and is hereby
authorized to, cause such lines to be established," etc.
He is not requir-ed to act through any particular agent or agency.
Still, the engineer officers of the Army are subject to the orders of
the Secretary of War in this matter, and are competent to do this
work, and I therefore recommend that one or more of them be desig-
nated therefor.
G. Norman Lieber,
Acting Judge- Advocate- OeneraL
[Seventh iudorsouieiit.]
War Department, October 26, 1892.
Respectfully returned to the Chief of Engineers.
If, in the opinion of the Chief of Engineers, the establishment of
harbor lines is essential to the preservation and protection of the har-
bor at Kansas City, Kans., and Kansas City, Mo., he will appoint a
board of engineer officers to examine and report upon the same, taking
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3161
all the necessary steps to establish a biilkliead line ami a pierhead line
at the iK)iiits named. There is no objection to his detailing the three offi-
cers on the JViissonri Elver Commission for that board, nor is there any
objection known to his or their asking the other merai)ers of the Mis-
souri River Commission to act with them, but it is not thought proper
to direct the Missouri Kiver Commission, as such, to establish harbor
lines.
This case is considered one of unusual imjjortance, as the establish-
ment of harbor lines may affect the question of the boundary lino
between the two cities named and between the States of Kansas and
Missouri. Full and complete surveys should be made, and the whole
location should be thoroughly examined and the subject thoroughly
investigated. Before final action, ample notice should be given to the
governor of the State of Missouri, to the governor of the State of
Kansas, and to the mayor of Kansas City, Mo., and the mayor of Kan-
sas City, Kans., and to the county authorities and to the riparian own-
ers, so that all the parties interested may have an opportunity to be
heard. One or more days should be appointed for a hearing before the
boaid, and all the parties interested should have an opportunity to be
beard and to furnish statements and evidence, all of which should be
submitted with the report of the board.
L. A. Grant,
Acting Secretary of War.
[Eighth indorsement.]
Office Chief of P^ngineers,
Ij. S. Army,
October 31^ 1892.
Respectfully returned to the Secretary of War.
The act of July 13, 1892, provides that the appropriation made for
the .Missouri Eiver shall be expended under direction of the Secretary
of War in the systematic improvement of the river according to the
plans and specifications of the Missouri River Commission, as approved
by the Chief of Engineers.
The harbor lines established at Kansas City should be in harmony
with the plans of the Commission for the general improvement of the
river at that place; and, furthermoie, if aboard of engineer ofticers be
constituted to examine and report on this subject, tiiere will be no fund
available trom which the expenses of the examinations, surveys, hear-
ings, and other necessary investigations can be paid.
For these reasons it is considered important that the matter should
be placed in the hands of the Missouri Kiver Commission, and it is
respectfully recommended that the Commission be directed to take into
consideration and rei>ort on the subject of these lines in accordance with
tlie detailed methods set forth in the directions of the Secretary of War
contained in the seventh indorsement.
Thos. Lincoln Casey,
Bri(j. Gen., Chief of Engineers.
[Ninth indorsement.]
War Department, January 7, 1893.
Respectfully returned to the Chief of Engineers, with the suggestion
that be call the matter to the attention of the Secretary of War.
L. A. Grant,
Assvitant Secretary of War.
3162 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
[Tenth indorsoment.]
War Department, January 9j 1893.
The Secretary of War concurs in the views and recommendations of
the Chief of Engineers, and they will be carried out.
By order of the Secretary of War:
John Tweedale,
Chief Clerk.
I Eleventh iodorsement.]
Office Chief of Engineers,
U. S. Army,
January 10, 1893.
Eesj)ectfully returned to Lieut. Col. C. R. Suter, Cori)S of Eng^ineers,
calling attention to the eighth and tenth indorsements.
By command of Brig. Geii. Casey:
H. M. Adams,
Major, Corps of Engineers.
[Twelfth indorsement.]
Missouri River Commission,
St Louis, Mo., September 14, 1893.
Respectfully returned to the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, with
report of this date.
Chas. R. Suter,
Lieut. Col. of Engineers,
President Missouri River Commission.
COMMUNICATION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES OF THE STATE BOARDS OF HEALTH
OF KANSAS AND MISSOURI.
Kansas City, Mo., September — , 1892.
Dear Sir: At a joint conference of the executive committees of the State boards
of health of Kansas and Missouri, hchl in this city on- the^lOth instant, to discuss
the cholera situation, the resolutions, of which wo inclose a copy herein, were
unanimously adopted.
The slough mentioned in the resolutions is a stnndini; menace to the health of
both the Kansas cities; and as there is doubt as to which of the cities it loyally
belongH, neither city seems to think that it is justified in taking care of its sanitary
condition. This being the case, it is at this time especially desirable that some
method be adopted to better its condition from a sanitary standpoint at once and
while there is no imminent immediate danger.
It was the opinion of this joint body that if the true river or harbor line should
be definitely established, and the dispute ns to the ownership o\ the ground thus
settled, efforts would then be made immediately by the proper authorities to drain
the slough.
AVe reHj)octfully beg you to aid ns in this precaution, which we think ought to bo
takcu, by calling the attention of the honorable Secretary of War to the state of
aflairs and asking him to give such instructions to the Missouri River Commissioners
as shall bring about a speedy location of the river line along the front of the two
cities.
Hoping that you will aid us in this matter, which we deem of great and urgent
importance to both Kansas City, Mo., and Kansas City, Kans.,
We are, with respect,
H. D. Hill, M. D., Kansas^
W. G. Hall, M. D., J/t««0Mri,
H. M. Downs, M. D., KansaM,
E. R. Lewis, M. D., 3ft*Mo«r*t,
Committer.
(Signed by authority of the committee by E. R. Lewis.)
His Excellency;, Lyman IJ. Humphrey,
Topeka^ Kans,
APPENDIX Y Y REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3163
KESOLUTION ADOPTKI) AT A JOINT COXFERENXK OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES OF
THE STATE BOARDS OF HEALTH OF KANSAS AND MISSOURI.
Kansas Citv, Mo., Septemlcr 10, 189:3,
At a joint conference of tbo executive committees of the State boardn of health
of Kansas and Missonri, held in this cit}' to- day to discuss the cholera situation, the
foUowiiii; resolutions were unanimously adopted:
•' WhtTeas the West Bottoms or Packing House Slouf;h, a low tract of laud made
or reclaimed from the Missouri River channel, and lying along the frout of said
river, between the cities of Kansas City, Mo., and Kaiisiis City, Kaus., is a standing
auil <langeron8 menace to the health of the two cities by being a cesspool of tilth,
refuse, aud stagnaut water, cut off from drainage to the river; aud
"Whereas it is represented to us that the estaulishment of the true river front or
harbor line would result in the immediate eftbrts to properly drain this slough aud
otherwise improve its sanitary condition; and
"Whereas the ownership of this tract of made or reclaimed ground is involved
in dispute, being at present practically beyond the jurisdiction of either city, aud
nn cared for by cither:
**Beit therefore resolvedy That a committee bo appointed, to consist of Dr. H. D.
Hill, of Kansas, Dr. W. G. Hall, of Missouri, and Drs. H. M. Downs and £. R.
Lewis, health officers of Kansas City, Kans., and Kansas City, Mo., respectively, to
draw lip and present appropriate resolutions calling upon the honorable Secretary
of VTnTj through the governors of Missouri and Kansas, to give such instructious to
the Missouri River Commissioners as shall lead to the speedy location of the river
line along the front of the two cities.
** Be it further resolved, That Dr. R. C. Atkinson, of the Missouri State board of
health, be requested to call upon Col. C. R. Suter, president of the Missouri River
Commissioners, and urge upon him the necessity for the immediate consideration of
this important subject."
Official:
M. OBriex, M. D.,
Secreiarij of the Conference.
report of the missouri river commission*
Missouri River Commission,
Office of the President,
St Louis^ Mo., October 12, 1892.
General: I have tlie honor to submit the following report on the
resolutions adopted September 10, 1802, by the executive committee of
the State boards of health of Kansas and Missouri, presented to the
honorable Secretary of War by letter from the governor of Kansas
dated September 24, 1802, and referred to me for report by indorsement
of the Chief of Engineers dated September 30, 1802; presented also by
letter from the governor of Missouri under date of September 2G, 1802,
and referred to me by indorsement of the Chief of Engineers dated
October 1, 1802.
The tract of land referred to lies on the south bank of the Missouri,
just below the mouth of the Kansas liiver, and facing a slough dry at
low water, except at the lower end. Considerable accretions have
fK'cuiri^d here, largely aided by the dike of the National Water Works
Coiiipunj'. Tlie inclosed tracing shows the condition of aftairs in Feb-
ruary, 1802; but the high water of the present season has greatly
arl«lc d to the accretions as there shown.
The subject of establishment of harbor lines at Kansas City, Kans.,
aiid Kansas City, Mo., came before the Commission at their meeting of
February 18, 1802, at which time delegations from each of the above
cities aud representatives of other interested i)arties were heard. The
decision reached by the Commission at that time was that they had uo
IK>wer to establish harbor lines unless directed to do so by the Secre-
tary of War.
3164 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
At their meeting of March 26, 1891, certain bulkhead lines at Kansas
City proposed by W, P. V^an Aken had been approved by the Com-
mission as not being prejudicial to the interests of navigation; and
at the meeting of February 18, 1892, the Commission* still maintained
the same opinion. It was thought by them that the above bulkhead
lines had received the approval of the Secretary of War; but subse-
quent correspondence (see indorsement of Secretary of War dated
March 9, 1892, in letter from Secretary of War to Chief of Engineer?,
dated February 27, 1892), shows that this is not the case.
The lines shown on the inclosed tracing do not differ materially from
the bnlkhead lines proposed by Van Aken and approved by the Com-
jnission, and were considered satisfactory by the Commission, so far
as navigation is concerned, when this matter was last considered.
Whether this would be true at the present time, or whether they would
meet the views of other parties concerned, I am unable to say. A
resurveyof the locality and a hearing of interested parties would prob-
ably be necessary before any definite decision could be made.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Chas. R. Suter,
Lieut Col. of Enffineers^
Prettident Missouri River Commission,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chi(f of .Engineers^ U. S, A.
letter from the governor of the state of missouri.
State of Missouri,
Executive Department,
City of Jefferson^ September 26^ 1892,
Dear Sir: I i-nclose copies of resolutions passed by a joint confer-
ence of the executive committees of the State boards of health of Kan-
sas and Missouri, held in Kansas City, Mo., September 10. You will
observe therefrom that "the true river front or harbor line" has not
been definitely located at or near the- boundary line between the two
States, and that in consequence thereof the condition of the undefined
territory is such as to be a menacetothe health of the immediately sur-
ronnding country. I respectfully request that you direct the Missouri
River Commission to locate at as early a date as possible the river line
in front of the two cities.
Respectfully,
David R. Francis,
Hon. Stephen B. Elkins, Governor,
Secretary of War.
[Second indorsement.]
Office Chief of Engineers,
U. S. Army,
October i, 1892.
Respectfully referred to Lieut. Col. C. R. Suter, (^orps of Engineers,
in connection with previous papers sent him September 30, 1892, ou
same subject.
By command of Brig. Gen. Casey:
H. M. Adams,
Major ^ Corps of Engineers.
APPENDIX YY REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3165
[Third indorsement.!
Missouri River Commission,
>SY. LouiH^ Mo,, October 12, 1892.
Ilc*si)ectfully returned to the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, with
rei>ort of this date,
Chas. R. Suter,
Lieut, Col, of Engineers,
President Missouri River Commission,
report of missoi'ri river commission.
Missouri River Commission,
Office of the President,
St, Louis, Mo,, September 14, 1893,
General: In accordance with your instructions contained in tenth
indorsement, dated January 9, 1893, on communication of the governor
of Kansas, dated September 24, 1892, the Missouri River Commission
have careftilly investigated the subject of harbor lines in front of Kansas
City, Kans., and Kansas City, Mo. A public meeting was held at St.
Louis, Mo., June 2, 1893, at which all persona interested were requested
to express their views. Minutes of this meeting with copies of all
papers filed are hereto appended.* The views of interested parties
may be summed up as follows: The State of Kansas desires that the
mouth of the Kaw River be left in the State of Kansas and that the
ehore line of 182G be reestablished if possible. Kansas City, Kans.,
desires the same. The State of Missouri was not heard from. Kansas
City, Mo., is indifferent, the drainage difficulties formerly complained
of having been obviatea by the construction of an intercepting sewer.
Finally the riparian owners are mainly interested in as great a reclama-
tion of land as possible, but above all to have a definite line fixed to
which reclamation can be carried.
After full consideration of the subject, the Commission beg leave to
report that in their opinion a reestablishment of the shore line of 1826
would be incompatible with the present direction and location of the
river above, and also with the safe passage of the Hannibal and St.
Joseph Railroad bridge at Kansas City, Mo.
They therefore respectfully recommend the harbor line exhibited on
the accompanying map t as best fulfilling all the requirements of the
situation. This line, it will be observed, leaves the mouth of the Kaw
in Kansas, provides for a considerable amount of valuable reclamation,
and at the same time gives a favorable direction of approach to the
Hannibal and St. Joseph bridge. Mapt appended. Appendix A (scale
1 inch = 2,000 feet), gives a general view of the locality and the pro-
j>o8ed line. Mapt appended. Appendix B (scale 1 inch = 250 feet), gives
the location of the line in <letail with the reference points from which it
can be determined. These reference points with bearings and distances
to marked points on the line are further described in Ai)i)endix C. Let-
t4?rs and references are the same on both maps.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Chas. R. Suter,
Lieut. Col. of Enqineers,
President Missouri lliver Commission,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers, U. S. A.
* Not printed. t Omitted.
3164 REPORT OF THE CHIEF O'' ^ ,,^ a. S. ARMY.
At their meetiup o<" .,,///■
CitypropO- '■ ^,V '■■"'*■ L'^^-^l OF ENGINEERS,
niisnon af ^^z*''^ ^ .^ ^'z^'*' U. S. Aemy,
at the m ,r/f-^ of October 5, 1893.
lines h' , ^ georo^^^^i "^ war.
. -.M/fo'L, having had under consideration, in
5"^"^ . ,/,- ^'••'fJc<>'>>'''J'\l of the Secretary of War embodied in
fZ^ /^'<^''i ^^■••"Tl^nth indorsements on 1244-D-W. D., 189.',
n r/";3- ^'I'lutu, »'"' „„ tJie Missouri and Kaw rivers in front of
tl
J
>::?;. ''^^/j^iiJ/'^i
//// '"w^y</ <^^''. ^coininends for adoption the harbor lines shown
P^l^ffcof^^'^y^cson the drawing marked Appendix B, the points on
,y/,^/7/Wi'<^^' jesiV/ijited by capital letters, beginning with "A," at
%U'i* ^'"*^ f^I)TV Creek, in the northern part of Kansas City, Kans.,
tie JiJ^^^^-^ !^ting ^t ^^ B B," where the proposed harbor line intersects
iivd ^^^ 'yi"(| haiik of the Missonri Eiver. A description of these points,
tiic i'^^ inffA and distances from certain fixed reference points, is
givov J' ^^^ j.jj j|,e recommendations of the Commission, and recommend
V^flie selected line be approved, and that the Secretary place liis
^ nal i^P^" ^^^^ drawing market! Appendix B.
^^AttentioM is invited to the communications of July 14 and 15,
)ectively, from the governor of Kansas and the mayor of Kansas
?!5fl Kaus., requesting to be informed regarding the line proposed by
die Coiiiniission before final action is taken on the matter by the Sec-
retary of War.
Tnos. Lincoln Casey,
Brig. Gen.y Chief of Engineers.
[Second inclorscmcnt.]
War Department, December 5, :I893.
The harbor lines proposed by the Missonri River Commission, as
shown on tracing marked Appendix B, are approved.
Daniel S. Lamont,
Secretary of War,
Appendix C. — Description of Refei;exce Points.
POINTS determined BV THE CITY ENOINEERS OF KANSAS CITY, MO., AND KANSAS
CIT^', KANS., TO BE CONNECTED WITH THE lUVER SURVEY FOR DETERMINING
POSITION OF THE KANSAS CITY HARBOR LINE.
a. Point in prolongation of the center lino of Virginia avenue, 1,304 feet east of
intersection of center lines of Virginia avenue and Tliirtl street, Kansas City, K:wia.
6. Point in the prolongation of a line 34 feet south of and parallel to the north
line of Washington avenue, 652 feet east from the center lino of Third street, Kan-
sas City, KauH.
c. On center Jine of Minnesota avenue, 508 feet east of center line of Third street.
Kansas City, Kans.
(1. Point in the prolongation of a lino 20 feet north of and parallel to the center line
of Ohio avenue, 450 feet northeast from the center line of James street, Kansas City,
Kans.
e. Boundary monument on line between Missonri and Kansas, 19.6 feet south of
arrow mark on the brick wall of the office of the Armour Packing Company; also
638.4 feet north of a point 125 feet south of the south line of Ninth street.
APPENDIX YY — REPORT OF MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. 3167
*
/. Bears north 70^ 10' east, 521.8 feet distant from boandary monument or point e.
This point is on an nnused trestle.
9. (.!n line 16 feet east of and parallel to the west line of Santa Fe street, 332 feet
north of north line of Eighth street, Kansas City, Mo.
h. Point is on prolongation of center line of Broadway, 364 feet from center line
of Second street, Kansas City, Mo.
t. Point 35 feet north of south line of Front street, in prolongation of east line of
Delaware street ; also bears north 56^^ 4' east, 1,017 feet irom Point /i, Kansas City, Mo.
j. Point on line between sections 32 and 33, and 590 feet north of intersection of
center lines of Troost avenne and First street.
1. On line between sections 33 and 34, and 1,950 feet north of section corner 27-
28-33-34, which comer is on Rochester avenue and alley between Garland and
Anthony avenues, Kansas City, Mo.
/. Point on half-section line of section 27, and 1,985 feet north of center of
section 27.
Eastern city limit is a north and south line, 1,445 feet east of point /.
POSITIONS OF POINTS OF REFERENCE ON HARBOR LINE IN FRONT OF KANSAS CITY*
MO., AND KANSAS CITY, KANS.
The capital letters used to designate the points on harbor line are shown on the
accompanying map. The small letters referred to and shown on the map are at points
famished by the municipal engineers, llie bearings given are referred to the true
meridian.
A. Upper end of harbor line is at mouth of Dry Creek, in the northern part of
Kansas City, Kans. . Point of beginning bears north 37^ 22' east, 334 feet distant
from point a,
B. On prolongation of center lino of Virginia avenue, 1,465 feet east of intersec-
tion of the center lines of ^Virginia avenue and Third street, Kansas City, Kans.
C. Point bears south 87^ east, 533 feet distant, from a point at the north end of
railroad trestle over Jersey Creek, which point bears south 33^ west, 834.4 feet dis-
tant from point a.
D. Tangent point of Missouri River harbor lino and the established lino for the
north bank of the Kaw River, bears north 74° 45' east, 740 feet distant from point 6.
G. Kaw River, north line. Point of beginning of tangent bears south 50^ 52' east,
675 feet distant from point h.
H. Kaw River, north line. Point at end of line and of tangent, at north pier of
Kansas City, Argentine, and Independence Railway bridge across Kaw River, bears
8onthai'^22' west, 1,415 feet distant from point G.
!• On prolongation of center line of Minnesota avenue, 1,690 feet east of center line
of Thi>d street, Kansas City, Kans.
•1. Kaw River, south line. Line begins at outer end of dike at a point bearing north
53" 10' east, 915 feet distant from south pier of Kansas City, Argentine, and Inde-
pendence Railway bridge across Kaw River.
K. Point bears north 18^ 45' east, 2.055 feet distant from point d.
!<■ Kaw River, south line. Point bears north IS"-* 45' east, 1,855 feet distant from
point d.
M. Tangent point of Missouri River harbor line and line on south side of Kaw
River, bears north 36"= 15' east, 1,762 feet distaut from point d.
N. Point of intersection of State line between Missouri and Kansas, 2,360 feet north
of boundary monument referred to as point e.
0. On prolongation of line 20 feet distant from, northerly and parallel to, the
center line of Oliio avenue, 2,298 feet northeast from intersection of said prolonged
hoc with the center line of James street.
P. Point bears north 20^ 30' east, 1,488 feet distant from point/.
Q. Point hears north 48^ east, 1,608 feet distant from point/.
K. On prolongation of line 16 feet east of and parallel to the west line of Santa
*c street, 1,247 feet north of north line of Eighth street, Kansas City, Mo.
8. Point bears north 50^ 35' east, 1,640 feet distant from point g; also bears south
7^ 5(y west, 1,072 feet distant from a point which bears south 51^^ 57' west 592.3 feet
distant from point h.
T. Point bears north 30^ 55' west, 118 feet from a point which bears south 51^ 57'
vwt, 592.3 feet distant from point h.
41. ' ^^ prolongation of center line of Broadway, 454 feet north of intersection of
the center lines of Second street and Broadway, Kansas City, Mo.
V . Prolongation of east line of Delaware street, 95 feet north of south line of
Front street.
W. Beginning point of tangent bears north 55'^ east, 845 feet distant from point i.
A. End of tangent is point on line between sections 32 and 33, which is also the
center hue of Trooat avenue, and 1,712 feet north of meander corner. Meander
J
3168 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
•
corner is 225.25 feet north of iutcrsectiou of center lines of lYoost avenae and First
street.
Y. Point bears north 28^ 25' west, 430 feet distant from a point which bears south
62^ 30' west, 3,133 feet distant from point k.
Z. Point bears north 55^ 43' west, 553 feet distant from a x)oiut which bears south
59^ 33' west, 1,495 feet distant from point k.
A A. Point on line between sections 33 and 34 and 158 feet north of point Jc.
B K. Intersection of harbor line and revetted bank, bears north 53^^ 50' east, 1,525
feet distant from point k.
APPENDIX Z Z.
^A'JVr^X HEPORT OF THE CALIFORNIA DJ^BRIS COMMISSION, 189S,
[Printed in House £x. Doe. No. 16, Pifij-third Coii(n*e88, second Bession.]
California Debris Commission,
San Francisco, CaLy November 15j 1893.
General : The California Debris Commission has the honor to sub-
mit the following report:
The Comniission owes its existence to an act of Congress entitled
"An act to create the California Debris Commission, and regulate
hydraulic mining in the State of California," approved March 1, 1893.
(Appendix E.)
The jurisdiction of the Commission, defined by section 3 of the act,
extends to hydraulic mining in the territory drained by the Sacra-
mento and San Joaquin river systems in California.
The Commission was organized in San Francisco on June 8, 1893,
the senior officer becoming president, and the junior secretary and
disbursing officer. Lieut. Gillette, Corps of Engineers, on reporting to
the Commission for duty became, by authority of the Chief of Engi-
neers, disbursing officer, relieving Maj. Heuer of his responsibility in
money and property on November 8.
METHODS OF PROCEDURE.
On the date of its organization the Commission, as required by the
act of Congress, adopted a set of rules for performance of business
and instructions for applicants for permission to mine by hydraulic
process. A copy of these rules and instructions is appended, marked
A. These instructions are stated to be preliminary, and subject to
changes as experience shall be found to require. A further schedule
of requirements has been prepared, which fully outlines operations and
instructions.
In cases where mining properties are large, and the hydraulic proc-
ess is to be operated on a large scale, it is regarded as indispensable
that the project be fuUy presented by written description and by full
drawings. These drawings will show the position and extent of the
storage reservoirs and the means proposed for restraint of detritus,
and, generally, all that is necessary for a full record of the case. If a
permit is issued subsequent mining operations will be recorded by a
system of reports from the operators, and by inspection under direction
of the Commission.
The greater number of applications will, however, come from owners
of small properties, where two or three men are to operate the system,
or where the miners are not in a position to furnish fully all desired
information, either from want of knowledge or from want of means to
hire suitable engineering advisers. These are cases where the output
is small. Many are in remote parts of the country and work only for
ENG 94 199 3169
3170 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
two or three months of water supply daring the year. In such
the Commission expects to use its discretion in its requirements
the form and fullness of applications. Inspection, however, of all i
in operation will be maintained.
As required by law, the Commission generally, by a committee
members, has in every case visited the locality of the application,
of these journeys require five or six days of arduous traveling i
mountains.
The number of applications for permission to mine has not
great. Of late they come in faster.
The new system of limitations and restrictions has to be studi
the miners. An application involves expense, if the applicati
granted further expense is involved inimpoundiDg arrangements
system is a novelty; its workings are yet to be defined in practice,
nuner is in the hands of the Commission; his permit, once granted
be revoked in the discretion of tlie Commission; he is unceH^ain wh
his practical devices for impounding will be understood ; the i
taiirty whether or not, even if all goes well with the Conmiis6i<
may not be involved in litigation^ These and other drcnmstanci
sufficient to account for hesitation and delays.
The Oommission has no means as yet of estimating the numl
applications with which it will have to deal. In 1880 more tha
hydraulic mines were reported to l>e in operation within the dra
area of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers.
The assessors of the mining counties reported in 1880 over 10,0(
inches of water used in mining. The State engineer's estimate €
quantity of gravel mined in that year exceeded 38,000,000 cubic j
The amount of workable gravel yet remaining is indeterminate,
petent authorities place it at several hundred million cubic yards
It is not supposed that the Commission will have to deal with !
nearly all, of this great mass; but, on the other hand, it is not possib
to estimate the percentage to come under our control. Much de]
upon the working of the system of control during the coming yea
It is probable that the increased expenditures, and the restri<
upon freedom of operations involved by the new system of reguli
may act to make miniug in many cases less profitable than fore
thereby reducing the magnitude of the output and the numb
applications.
A list of all applications presented to the Commission is appe:
marked B. Upon this list are shown the locality of mine, brieJ
date of application, and action, if any, taken by the Commission.
HYDRAULIC MINING.
The following are sections of the State code of laws in force in
fornia :
Sec. 1424. The baginess of hydraulic mining may be carried on isrithin the
of California wherever and whenever the same can be canied on withoat mi
injury to the navigable streams or the lands adjacent thereto.
8ec. 1425. Hydraulic mining, within the meaning of this title, is mining by
of the application of water under pressure, throngh a nozzle^ agaixist a natural
This definition is accepted by the act of March 1, 1893, whi<
section 8, provides that ''hydraulic mining, and mining by the hy-
lic process, are hereby declared to have the meaning and applic
given to said terms in said State" (California).
APPENDIX Z Z ^REPORT OP CALIFORNIA DiBRIS COMMISSION. 3171
This method of miuiDg was practiced for many years on a large
scale within the territory over which the jurisdiction of the CJommis-
Bion now extends. Large sums of money were invested by miners and
eapitalists in constmction of reservoirs in high altitudes in the Sierra
Nevada; in canals of many miles in length, traced along the steep
flanks in the mountains; in long systems of wrought-iron conduits,
ending at the ground to be worked, and in trenches, outlet tunnels,
iffld sluices, in which the gold was gathered, and through which the
detritns of stones, gravel, sand, and clay was carried away from the
mines.
A system of wonderful efficiency was developed £rom these elements
by which it became practicable to wash with profit gravel containing a
few cents per ton. But for this system the great placer deposits must,
for the most part, have remained undisturbed for the reason that, while
exceptional deposits of gravel lying close to the bedrock in some cases
produce as much as several dollars per cubic yard, the average product
from the top to the bottom of these gravel deposits, which are often
several hundred feet in height, is but a few cents per cubic yard, and
notenongh to repay the cost of mining by any other process than the
one hereinbefore described.
But with a great output of gravel, say perhaps as much as 10,000
cubic yards per day, efi'ected by large quantities of water under great
pressure, which excavated the gravel and removed it, under the direc-
tion of a few men, there was probably a profit even when the product
did not exceed 10 cents per cubic yard.
So it came about that everywhere in the mining territory where
auriferous deposits of sufficient extent were found so situated as to be
acc^sihle to water supply, and at sufficient elevation above the rivers
to give fall to the sluices adequate to carry off the detritus, monitors
vere at work washing down hills and transferring them to the beds of
^jacent streams, down which they were moved by freshets to the
plains and water courses of the valleys, whereon and wherein large
deposits were made.
I-ITIGATION.
. The private and public injuries thus created and perpetuated in
'^creasing degree gradually developed opposition among the valley
people, and gave rise to litigation, which eventuated in an injunction
**y the circuit court of the United States in 1884, forbidding a certain
J^ine to use the beds of streams as a dumping ground for mining
^tritus. This injunction remains in force. Its date marked the
^^^inning of a i>eriod of decline, and, afterwards, suspension of
{hydraulic mining oi)erations, which, with exceptions of more or less
U^portaiice, yet lasts. Eeworking of tailings in beds of streams has,
however, been continued during the intervening years.
Ill the course of this controversy, which lasted over a number of
^J^^^s, there grew up in the Siicraniento Valley an organization, entitled
jhe Anti debris Association. It is composed of delegates from coun-
"^8 or districts injuriously affected by hydraulic mining, and is sup-
ported by funds procured by taxation in four or five counties situated
^ the valley. This association has its attorneys and inspectors. It
Jf^^s information and aids in prosecution of cases,
and 1? ^^^^^ States also appears in its own courts as complainant,
^a has asked for injunctions against parties charged with depositing
inuig detritus not only in the beds of streams tributary to navigable
3172 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
waters, but elsewhere, to the alleged injury of navigation. Two cases
have been decided in the circuit court for the ninth circuit, northern
district of California; one in the matter of the North Bloomfield Gravel
Mining Company, opinion dated October 5, 1892, the other in the case
of the Brandy City mines, under the same date.
These cases touch closely the operations of this Commission as defined
by the act of March 1. The reason assigned for refusing an injunction
against the North Bloomfield Company, and those assigned for grant-
ing an injunction in the second case, mark an important distinction
between detritus impounded in the beds of streams subject to frf^shets,
tributary to navigable waters, and storage in reservoir sites not tra-
versed by natural water courses. These decisions are appended,
marked C.
IMPOXJNDINa SITES.
Mining operations have disclosed the fact that the deposits of aurif-
erous gravel are in the beds of extinct rivers, lying high on the west-
ern flanks of the Sierra Nevada, one to several thousand feet higher
than the adjacent modern rivers. It is assumed that existing rivers
have cut their channels since the period during which the ancient rivers
became first filled, and then obliterated, by overflow of eruptive mat*
ter. The excavation of these channels in past years by the hydraulic
process, to the extent of many million cubic yards, has left large cavi-
ties, now available for refilling with new detritus. These pits are
admirable reservoir sites. They are bounded by side walls of rock,
often from one hundred to several hundred feet in height. In width
they vary very much, being in places as much as a thousand feet. No
natural water course traverses them and the natural drainage is of
little extent. To refill them is to restore them to the state of nature,
making them no more a source of contribution of earthy material to the
streams than are the natural slopes adjacent. If barriers to restrain
are necessary they are so only during the process and duration of
mining. The barriers may afterwards decay, but the detritus remains
impounded. This circumstance was recognized by the court in its
refusal to enjoin the North Bloomfield Company, and it is the key of
the decision.
It is, however, true that these sites are not profitably available for
storage in quantities at all approaching the contents as they were in a
state of nature. Some of them may not be at all practicable sites for
any great amount of storage. This is due to the fact that often there
is not fall enough from the gravel to be mined to the level of the reser-
voir site. A fall of at least 100 feet to the mile is generally necessary
to enable the sluices to carry the detritus. Much more fall than this is
used when available. The fall diminishes as the reservoir becomes
filled. The limit of profitable mining may be reached before tlie best
ground in the mine, that which lies lowest, is broken.
Under such circumstances the miner has a resource in elevating the
gravel. This is done by using a large portion of his water power to
raise the material to a higher level. It is practiced to some extent-.
It lessens very much the quantity that can be worked in a given time
by a given water power. Nevertheless it has been used to lift to
heights as great as 80 feet.
A second point worthy of attention in the decision in the North
Bloomfield case relates to the condition of escaping water, wasted
after it i)erforms its full mining duty. The court practically holds that
APPENDIX Z Z — REPORT OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 3173
if the Band and gravel be restrained it is not to be insisted that the
residual water shall be clear, the evidence proving that the finely
divided clay, which gives color to the water, is nowhere deposited in
appreciable quantity.
Apart from these reservoir sites and from such natural sites as may
fulfill equivalent conditions of safe storage there remain for deposit
the beds of natural water courses. Storage here is not so favorable.
These streams are subject to freshets. They have falls of many feet
to the mUe. In some cases the streams in freshets may be termed
torrents. Two cases may be distinguished, first, where the barriers
are overtopped, and second, where a separate channel is made. Over-
fell barriers are subject to danger of destruction by violence of flood,
and, if built in wood, sure to decay in a few years; so sooner or later
there comes a time when they no longer retain material deposited
behind them.
Independently of these considerations the equilibrium of a river
bed of movable materials, over which unequal flowage occurs, a rivulet
at one season and a torrent at another, can not be regarded as constant
under these different circumstances. There io probably no constant
slope of equilibrium. It varies with the flowage. While, therefore, a
barrier placed across the bed of such a stream must restrain, it can
hardly be said to restrain all, and perhaps not nearly all, deposits.
The wider the bed the smaller the freshets, and the thinner the height
of overfall the more eftectually will the barrier restrain.
A modification, which passes the flowage in a separate channel and
permits no overfall at the barrier, relieves the structure from the more
imminent perils. Yet the water course passes over and through the
reservoir and while the barrier, so long as not overtopped, may be safe,
yet uncertainty exists as to the efficiency of storage after a time, due
to causes already mentioned. Moreover, mining ceases in time. Its
residuum remains. In what way are natural decay or particular dam-
age to a restraining system to be repaired! If the stream has little
or no natural drainage the case is simpler.
Deposits in beds of streams subject to freshets is quite fully discussed
in Justice Gilbert's decision on the Brandy City mine.
The gold-mining industry is important in its bearing upon the general
interest of the United States as well as upon local property, and the
risk is so great that unnecessary or ill-advised restrictions and limita-
tions upon mining activities are to be carefully avoided. On the other
hand, the great amount of material that has to be handled and stored
hy the hydraulic process to get a little gold makes the problem of secure
impoundment and of protection to navigable waters and adjacent lands
one of difficulty and seriousness.
Between these opposing and delicate conditions this commission has
to pick its way.
BEWOEKING OF DETRITUS.
The definition of hydraulic mining has been given. It is mining by
water under pressure directed against a natural bank. It has also
been mentioned that throughout the period of controversy old tailings
have been reworked without restriction by the courts, or opposition of
the people of the valleys. This work does not come within the defini-
tion of hydraulic mining. No nozzle is used and water is not used
|inder pressure. The tailings are shoveled into sluices and the gold
18 separated through the shifting agency of running water, by the aid
3174 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
of riffles, and amalgamation with quicksilyer. The effect is to
material from one place to a lower position. The work has hii
been confined to the beds of streams filled with tailings. The <
tion does what the freshets do, that is, it moves material downst
There is no great objection to this process confined to beds of sti
Doubtless it disturbs and transports some finer matter which
never have been otherwise displaced, but this is of no partical
portance.
The case is somewhat different when applied to deposits impoi
in beds of streams or elsewhere* It is quite practicable, and, so
known, permissible under the law, to work by sluices tailings
have oeen kept out of the river beds by barriers or otherwise, a
deliver them reworked to the beds of streams, in positions from
damage to navigable waters may result.
As the law stands, so far as the act of March 1, 1893, is conci
while the hydraulic miner is required to deposit his tailings sec
the sluice miner may, perhaps in a legal manner, remove the ta
from the reservoir without any obligation to restrain them in
new positions.
Perhaps the scale of this kind of work may be so small as
unworthy of notice, and perhaps if it should become importai
courts would intervene by injunction, under section 6 of rive
harbor act, approved September 19, 1890.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE RIVERS.
In addition to its duties for the regulation of hydraulic minin
Commission is required by the provisions of the act to mature pla
the improvement of the rivers whose channels havid been injur
debris resulting from mining operations, and to survey and dete
the practicability of storage sites in the tributaries or in the }
basins, swamps, and tule lands adjacent to said rivers for stor
water or debris, or as settling reservoirs in connection with the imi
ments of the rivers, by preventing deposits of debris there
for affording relief in flood times, or for flushing reservoirs in low-
season, and in general to devise methods whereby hydraulic n
can be carried on without injury to the navigable rivers,
mining operations are being carried on under its authority, the
mission is further required to make surveys of the rivers from ti
time to ascertain the effects therein of said operations, and al
effects of erosion, natural and otherwise.
From the date of its organization the attention of the Ck)mn]
has been fully occupied with matters relating to the resumpt
hydraulic mining, and to the individual duties of its members, a
time has been afforded for the consideration of the extensive mej
outlined above. During the coming season it is i)roposed to mak
surveys and examinations as may appear necessary to fulfill the re
ments of the law.
For a number of years past, under appropriations made by V!
river and harbor acts, operatious have been carried on upo
improvement of the rivers injured by mining d^^bris, with a v
affording a navigable depth of channel adapted to the present dei
of commerce. In addition, plans of improvement have been i
mended and estimates i)resented by boards specially convened t
sider the subject. Under the provisions of the act approved 0(
1, ISSSy a commission was appointed to investigate the bydraulic
I
APPENDIX Z Z ^REPORT OP CALIFORNIA. DEBRIS COMMIflSION. 3175
in? qacstion^ and in connection therewith to present plans for the
improvement of the rivers. This commission recommended the treat-
ment of tlie shoal places in the Sacramento and Feather rivers; the
construction of a dam at De Guerre Point, on the Yuba, for the pur-
pose of restraining the debris lying in the stream above, and restric-
tion works on the Yuba plains below the foothills.
The improvement of the Sacramento and Feather rivers was again
made the special subject of report by a board of engineers, under the
provisions of the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The
recommendations of this board included the improvement of the shoal
places in the Sacramento and Feather rivers and restriction works on
the Yuba above Marysville.
The maps of all the surveys made in connection with the improve-
ments made and proposed are at the service of this Commission.
The balance on hand from the appropriation of $15,000 made by the
act of March 1, last, for the expenses of the Commission is $13,828.44.
It is estimated that an additional amount of $20,000 will be required
to make the surveys and investigations required by the act.
In regard to the provisions of section 25 of the act of March 1, 1893,
in which the recommendations contained in Ex. Doc. (H. E.) No. 267,
Fifty. first Congress, second session, and Ex. Doc. (H. K.) Np. 98, Forty-
seventh Congress, first session, are adopted by Congress, and directed
to be made the basis of operations, the Commission desires to say that
the restraining barrier described in these documents, situated at or
Bear De Guerre Point on the Yuba River, is considered an advisable
^struction, to bo soon undertaken for restraint of detritus now in the
"^s of the streams, in furtherance of the project for the improvement
of the Sacramento and Feather rivers.
^ suitable appropriation for this work will be $300,000.
bemauks.
^lile, of course, and of right, any error in fact or law, or judgment,
J^^niitted by the Commission may be corrected in the courts, the
^ommission is, by the act of Congress, left very much to its own discre-
"<^n,andi8 compelled to rely mainly upon its own judgment. Being
^Jiprovided with a legal adviser it is of necessity compelled to its own
Preclusions in deciding certain legal points in despite of the fiict that
Its members can not lay claim to legal knowledge or experience.
. -A.n illustrative case has occurred : A party presented an application
^ yhkh. he stated that he was the owner of the mining property
hich he desired to mine. The attorney of the Anti-Debris Association
oiitroverted the proposition that the applicant was the owner, and
oered to present proof that the property had been sold to another
l^^ty by the United States marshal, and that this party held the deed.
Hot ^*^^°^y urged that the Commission is required by the act to take
^Hie of this fact, and to refuse a permit for the reason that the law
. ^tiues permits to proprietors. On the other hand the applicant was
8b I^pssession of the property, claiming to hold by a deed from the
X ^i*iff of Nevada County, who had sold the property to meet unpaid
Q"*'^e Commission considered these points. It appeared first that the
of ^^i^'^io^ is not emi)owered, and is not, by its constitution, capable
ca ^^^^^^S disputed questions of title— that the court of law alone
g^^ decide such questions ; that if the Commission undertakes to do
» Us operations may be clogged and nullified in many cases by appear-
*^ce of a contestant, for many mining i)roperties are in disi)utc.
3176 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
In view of all the conditions, the Commission decided upon a rule of
action to the effect that the party in possession, alleging in his verified
application that he is the owner^ is to be recognized as owner until the
courts of law shall have determined otherwise.
Appendix D is a copy of an act of the legislature of California, pro-
viding for a State d6brii& commissioner, and defining his duties.
Mr. John F. Kidder, O.E., has been api)oint€d. He has accompanied
the Commission in visits to a number of mines, and has attended some
sessions of the Commission in San Francisco.
Kcspectfully submitted,
G. H. Mendell,
ColoneL Corps of Engineers,
W. H. H. Benyaurd,
Lieut. CoLj Corps of Engineers,
W. H. Heuer,
Major, Corps of Engineers*
Brig. Gen. TH03IAS L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers^ U. S,A,
Appkxdix a.
rules and ixstrixtions.
San Fkaxcisco, June 9, 180S.
The California D^ris Commission, appointed under the act of Congress approved
March 1, 1893, publishes for the information of all concerned sections 9, 10, 11. and
12 of the law \vhicli governs in the matter of presentation of petition and procoeaings
thereafter :
Sec. 9. That the individual proprietor or proprietors, or in case of a corporation
its manager or agent appointed for that purpose, owning mining ground in the
territory in the State of California mentioned in section three hereof, which it is
denircd to work by the hydraulic process, must file with said Commission a verified
petition, setting forth such facts as will comply with law and rules prescribed by
said Commission.
Sec. 10. That said petition shall be accompanied by an instrument duly executed
and acknowledged, as required by the law of the said State, whereby the owner or
owners of such mine or mines surrender to the United States the right and privilege
to regulate by law, as provided in this act, or any law that may hereafter be enacted,
or by such rules aud ro<^ulation8 as may be prescribed by virtue thereof, the manner
and method in which the ddbris resulting from the working of said mine or mines
shall be restrained, and what amount shall bo produced therefrom; it being under-
stood that the surrender aforesaid shall not be construed as in any way afi'ecting tho
right of such owner or owners to operate said mine or mines by any other process
or method now in use in said State: Providedj That they shall not interfere with tho
navigability of tho aforesaid rivers.
Sec. 11. That the owners of several mining claims situated so as to require a com-
mon dumping ground or dam or other restraining works for the d6bris issuing there-
from in one or more sites may file a joint petition setting forth such facts in addition
to the requirements of section 9 hereof; and where the owner of a hydraulic mine or
owners of several such mines have and use common dumping sites for impounding
ddbris or as settling reservoirs, which sites are located below the mine of an appli-
cant not entitled to use same, such fact shall also bo stated in said petition. There-
upon tho same proceeding shall be had as provided for herein.
Sec. 12, A notice specifying briefly tho contents of said petition and fixing a time
previous to which ail proofs are to bo submitted shall bo published by said commis-
sion in some newspaper or newspapers of general circulation in tho communities
interested in the matter set forth therein. If published in a daily paper, such pub-
lication shall continue for at least ten days; if in a weekly paper, m at least tnree
issues of tho same. Pending publication thereof said commission, or a committee
thereof, shall examine the mine and premises described in such petition. On or
before the timo so fixed all parties interested, either as petitioners or contestants.
APPENDIX ZZ ^REPORT OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 3177
wLctbcr miners or agricnltoristS; may file affidavits, plana, and maps in snpport of
their respective claims. Fnrtlior hearings, upon notice to all parties of record, may
be i^rant'Cd by the commission when necessary.
The eonimission also publishes the following suggestions, instructions, and infor-
mation for present guidance of those concerned. These instructions are subject to
such modification as experience may suggest.
The petition must, in addition to fulmlmcnt of the requirements of the law, con-
tain, or be accompanied by, a full description covering the following points and by
such maps as may be required for illustration of the question, namely :
The name, location, and extent of the mining ground; the route of travel thereto;
the river which the drainage of the mine reaches and the names of the tributaries
which it follows; the height of the bank to bo mined; the character of the gravel;
the source of the water supply; the length, fall, and dimensions of the ditcn; the
len>i^h of the mining season ; the number of inches of water proposed to be used and
under what pressure ; the daily duration of mining proposed, whether for twenty-four
or fewer hours ; the fall of the sluice in 12 feet ; dimensions of sluice and the amount
of g:ravel to be handled in an hour; the character of restraining barriers existing
or proposed ; a description of the site for impounding detritus ; its area and capacity ;
position and character proposed for the barrier.
Brevity and clearness are to be studied in these descriptions.
The above-stated information may bo sufficient to enable the Commission, in some
cases, to dispense with maps, but in all cases of importance maps of the mining
ground and of the reservoir sites will probably bo necessary, and in all cases will
probably expedite the action of the Commission. The Commission prefers, for expe-
ditiouy but cioesnot at present insist, that each case should be presented by a mining
or civil engineer capable of giving necessary information.
It will expedite matters if all tne miners in one particular locality will prepare
and present their petitions as near as possible at the same time, in order tnat the
minea may all bo examined during one visit of the Commission.
In cases of a joint petition contemplated in section 11, there should be a separate
statement from each individual mine as to its proposed output, amount of water,
etc., th^ same as provided for a singlo petition.
All maps, plans, petitions, or writings of any description on file in the offico shall
be open for examination by any interested party.
On a day following the date fixed in the advertisement, provided in section 12, the
Commission or a committee thereof will attend in its office to meet the petitioners
and contestants, for the purpose of gaining, by inquiry, such explanation as may be
necessary for a full understanding of the case.
The Commission does not invite oral addresses and prefers that all questions sub-
mitted for its consideration be i)resented in writing.
The office of the Commission is for the present established in room 89, Flood build-
ing, San Pran Cisco.
All communications should be addressed to MaJ. W. H.Heucr; Corps of Engineers,
room HO, ITIood building.
3178 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
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APPENDIX ZZ — BEPOBT OF CALIPOBNU D^HIS COMMISSIOU. 3179
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3180 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Appendix C.
judicial decisions.
Id the circuit conrt of tho United. States in and for the ninth circnit, northern
district of California, Hon. Wm. B. Gilbert, judge.
Unitkd States, complainant, )
V8. > Xo. 7865.
The North Bloomfield Gravel Mining Company, defendant. )
Wednesday, October 5, 1S02.
Gilbert, J. This is a suit for an injunction brought by the United States as
complainant against the defendant corporation. The essential avermentM of tha
bill are that the mining company is engaged in hydraulio mining iji Nevada County
and dumping its debris and tailings in such a way that the same flow into tha
South Yuoa River, a tributary of the main Yuba River; thence into tho main Yaba
River : thence into the Feather River, and thence into the Sacramento. That the
Ynba Kiver is navigable from Marysville to its nioutb, and Feather River is naviga-
ble from the mouth of tho Yuba to the Sacramento, and that the Sacramento is nav-
igable from its mouth to the mouth of the Feather. That heretofore extensive
hydraulic mining had been carried on upon the western watershed of tho Sierra
Nevada Mountains, which had done great injury to the navigable streams referred
to, and that the hydraulic mining, as conducted by the defendant, had done great
injury to said navigable streams, and tho continuation of it will further materially
contribute to the injury complained of.
The answer of tho defendant denies that it was dumping d6bris or tailings from
its mining operations so that the same flowed into the said rivers; but it alleges that
it has erected extensive impounding works by means of which it impounded upon
its own lands and within its own mines all material likely to injure the navigation
of said streams, and that it would continue to impound such mining material so long^
as it should continue its mining operations, and that the same would remain per-
manently impounded and restrained in such a manner as not to injure tho naviga*
* tion of such streams. A large amount of testimony was taken on behalf of the respec-
tive parties, and the case is now to be decided upon final hearing.
It remains to be considered whether, under the allegations of the bill and the evi-
dence introduced on behalf of the respective parties, an injunction should issue an
prayed for.
The operations of the mine of this defendant corporation was enjoined by a decree
of this court in 1884, in the suit of Woodruff vb. North Bloomfield Mining Company^
and that injunction still remains in force. In the decree an intimation was made thafl
if in the future the defendant corporation should show to the court that it had con-
structed impounding reservoirs which would successfully impound its mining debris
the decree might be modified so as to permit the operation of the mine. The defend_-
ant, since that decree and before* the commencement of this suit, had est4iblishec
and was using the system of impounding works referred to in its answer to the bilB
The question of fact now to be determined is whether or not, with the use and opec:
ation of the impounding works, mining d<Sbris escapes from the defendant's mii^
into the navij^able waters of tho Yuba, tho Feather, or the Sacramento so as to ten —
to impair or injure the navigability of those streams. It becomes necessary, ther^"
fore, to carefully consider the construction and operation of tho impounding dcvic
At the time of the in junction in 1884 the North Bloomfield Mining Company, by t"
use of its monitors and its system of placer mining, had made an excavation on
grounds which was in length nearly a mile, in width from 500 to 1,000 feet, in dc
varying from 150 to 400 feet.
There was no considcriible stream of water running through this excavation,
there was no natural outlet to the same. The tailings and debris from the mine
been discharged through a shaft which was sunk through solid rock near the ce
of the excavation. This shaft was 80 feet in tho perpendicular and conne
with a tunnel cut also through the solid rock, a distance of nearly half a mile,
opening into Humboldt canyon, which lies considerably below tho level of the e-
vation. The total cost of the tunnel and shaft was in tho neighborhood of $500
The impounding works were constructed by utilizing tho excavation, the shaft,
the tunnel. The impounding area is divided by a dam into two impounding ba
each of about 20 acres in extent, which may be called the old and the new l>o
The surface of the old basin lies at an altitude of about 100 feet above that o
new. The mining operations are all carried on at the upper end of the excav
The mining is done upon two levels or benches, one at an elevation of about
Above tho other. The debris from the upper mining level is carried on that
APPENDIX ZZ — REPORT OF CALIFORNIA Dl^BRIS COMMISSION. 3181
tbe old impounding basin. The debris from the lower mining level is intended to be
impounded in the new basin. Near the lower end of the old uaain an inclined shaft
has been sunk to connect with the tunnel, and its use is to allow the escape of water
after all material likely to injure navigation shall have been deposited in the basin.
A similar outlet is made in the new impounding basin, and both these outlets are
cribbed up from the bottom, so that a thin sheet of water from the surface only can
escape. The operation of the old reservoir has been tested and a considerable amount
of d6bri8 has been deposited within it.
Tbe dam which separates the basins is constructed across the excavation and pre-
vents the ddbris from running back from the old basiu into the new basin and the
lower levels of the mine. The oneration of impounding has been conducted in the
following manner : The debris from the mining on the upper bench, consisting of
mvel, sand, and comminut-ed clay, together with sufficient water to carry the same,
has been conducted by a sluice, with a tolerably swift current, down to the upper
edge of the old impounding reservoir, and there discharged into the pond or lake.
It has been found that the heavy material is deposited nrst, the lighter sand and
pavel are carried somewhat farther, and when the current strikes the body of water
m the pond nearly all the remaining material carried by the water is deposited,
forming a bench across the upper end of the depositing pool, which presents an
ahnost perpendicular wall from the surface to the bottom. The water on striking
the pool is diffused through it and its current apparently ceases. It haa the effect
to raise the water in the pool and to cause a constant outpour from its surface over
the edges of the lower crib.
There are three objections urged against the operation of this impounding reser-
jo\i: First, that it does not successfully remove from the water the material which
11 carried in suspension, and that the water which escapes by the cribs takes with
it material whien becomes deposited in the lower streams and injuriously affects the
Bsvirahility of the same. Second, that the dam across tho excavation is not of
dvaole material and is liable to break. Third, that the cribs are liable to break or
^^y, and the impounding material may thus escape into the streams below.
I'pon the iirst of these objections the evidence, although voluminous, is not to any
considerable extent conflicting. The water that escapee through tho cribs is dis-
colored with very line particles of comminuted clay which are held in suspense. It
^impossible that water that has once fairly come to rest in the pool and has then
'^n drawn off from the surface through the cribs should carry with it any sand or
*f k °§ other than the lightest material. The evidence j^oes to prove that the fine
^'^y held in suspense in the water, and which causes its discoloration, is of specific
pavity very little greater than water, and that it will remain in suspense so long
TK ^^^^ moves with the velocity of a mile in two hours.
ine evidence further shows that this material is carried in a ptato of suspense
wough tho Yuba, the Feather, and the Sacramento rivers, and into the ocean. It
^j^s not appear that at any point on those streams the water comes to rest or the
^y ^hioh it carries is deposited in an approci<ablo quantity.
^^^^*r taking into consideration all of the evidence, I am convinced that after the
^j?-*' which conducts the mining debris shall have once come to rest so as to deposit
flo 1 '^"^ ^^^ heavier material that is carried in suspense, leaving only the light,
jj^5^ent particles of clay, which give it its color, no material will be subsequently
^•^ raited from it unless it is brought to rest and so remains for a period longer than
^1^ remained at rest in the impounding pool.
^^cond. Is there danger to be apprehended from insufficiency of tho dam which
l^j^^'Jitcs the old from tho new impounding basin? The dam is constructed of
*>ia? *^*^ small trees, carefully laid so that tho butts form tho outer wall. It is
^^t ^^ layers, as tho pool fills up and as the deposited debris requires it. The
d^^'^ticos between tho layers of brush are filled in with tho gravel, sand, and clay
Ij^^^^ited from the flume. The dam as it now stands presents a wall nearly 100 feet
1>^^» which seems to be a compact, solid mass of gravel, sand, and clay, with the
fl^^**. interwoven so as to hold in place. If there wero great pressure upon this
\v^^^| if it were a dam across a torrential stream, if its breaking or carrying away
H>^^^*^1 discharge into the stream below the debris that has accumulated, it would
^^it)^'^^ to be clearly insufficient for the purpose intended, but the evidence together
lip *^ ft personal inspection of the dam convinces me that there is no great pressure
«1^^^ the dam. The heavy material deposited has not only accumulated about the
Jij»^^ but for a considerable distance below, and the mass appears to be now in tho
*i54^^^S8 of recemcntation and solidifying, which already, to a considerable extent,
<l^w ^^tored it to tho condition of the material in the" surrounding hills. If this
^^t should break it is difficult to see where in^jury could result, for tho impounded
^t ift^*''^V i^ i* moved at all, could only escape into tho new impounding reservoir.
Of ^ plain that there is no danger from winter torrents. The mine is not in tho bed
"ti^^ fnountain stream. The amount of water which naturally falls into this oxcava-
^i^/* is small, and oven in a winter torrent it must either all escape by the cribs or
Ply accumulate and form a lake within tho walls of the excavation.
3182 REPOET OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
It remains to he considered whetlior there is danger to the naTigahility of the
streams from th« breaking, decaying, or destruction of cribs. The cribs are bniit
of logs, about a foot in diameter, notched at the comers and l^id in log^cabin style,
lined within with heavy planks, tightly nailed, and covered on the outside with
flanks in a similar manner, so that the opening within the clear is about tiiree or
four feet square. It is claimed by the deicndant that this material will not decay so
long as it is kept moist by the surrounding mass. I do not think that contention ia
well established by the evidence. The cribs, in time, will decay, but they will last
for many years, and they will doubtless considerably outlast the nse of these pools for
impounding reservoirs. After the pools shall have been filled up with mining d^bxifly
and these cribs shall no longer be the outlet of the water of the mine, I do not per-
ceive any harm that can come from their decaying. By that time the impounded
material must have become, to a large degree, compact' and solidified, so that the
caving in of any considerable portion of it need not be expected; and if it should
cave in, it is plain to my mind that the result would be simply to choke up the shaft
and permanently close the same. This view is supported by the history of the use
of the shaft heretofore. It is proven that the sudden discharge into the shaft and
tunnel of a greater amount of debris than the water conld carry away has. resulted
in a choking up of the outlet, and that the mass of material and water above has
simply served, by their pressure, to increase the difficulty of removing the material
and reopraiing the shaft. In shorty the danger to be apprehended from the opera! i<Hi
of the North Bloomfield Mine, with its impounding reservoirs as constructed and
used and intended to be used, is so remote and improbable that the court is not jus-
tified in enjoining the use of the property and thereby interdicting a valuable
industry.
In arriving at this conclusion, I am not unmindful of the great damage to naviga-
tion that has heretofore resulted from the ^deposit of mining debris, nor of the
important interests that are involved, but I am convinced that in the ease of this
particular mine .the contingency has arisen which was contemplated in the decision
of this court in the mining-debris cases, in providing that the decree might there-
after be modified upon a showing to the court that a plan to obviate the injuries
had been successfully executed.
The injunction will be denied.
In the circuit court of the United States in and for the ninth circuit, northern
district of California.
United States, )
vs. V No. 10738.
Charles H. Lawrence et dl.)
Wednesday, October 5, 1892.
Gilbert, J,: The bill filed by the complainant in this case is similar to the bill in
the case of the United States rs. North Bloomfield Mining Company, and the defenses
here made are substantially the same as those made in that suit.
It is claimed in the answer of the defendants that they have established a system
of impounding works whereby all material liable to injure the navigability of the
streams referred to in the bill is impounded and retained upon the premises and
does not enter the navigable streams.
The mining d6bris from the defendant's mines escape through a shaft 90 feet deep
sunk in the lower level of the mine ; thence it is discharged into a tunnel 3,000 feet
long, which empties into Canyon Creek. About a quarter of a mile below the exit
of tlie tunnel a dam has been constructed across the channel of the creek. This
dam is a crib dam composed of heavy fir logs pinned together at the corners and
raised to the height of 28 or 30 feet. Tiio interior of the crib is filled with stones.
The dam has caused the wdtcr to set back to a considerable distance in the stream,
creating a i>ond. Into the upper portion of this pool the mining d<5bris is carried
from the tunnel. During the time this restraining devise has been used, the mining
debris has worked its way down toward the dam and filled up some portion of the
reservoir. The exact proportion of the pool which yet remains to be filled is not
deliuitely fixed 'by the t-cstimony, but the evidence Would indicate that there still
remains an impounding pool extending back from the dam a distance of about 1,000
feet, in which no portion of the debris or material discharged ap})ear8 visible above
the surface of the water.
It appears also that the current of the water in the dam is sluggish, and during
the oj>eration of the mine and the discharge of d^^bris into the pool there has been
an appreciable current in the water, but the evidence does not show that any con-
siderable amount of d(5bris calculated to lodge in the streams below or to injure their
APPEM)IK Z Z BEPOET OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 3183
BsvigabUity has been cUscluirged orer the dam. The width of the impounding pool
ii firom 1% to 200 feet. The dam itself is ooastrocted at a narrow place in the stream
and it 18 afkchoied against rocks projecting from either side of the rav'ine, which rocks
ve in dta, axe firm, and afford a strong and solid ahntmeut to support the dazn.
In deciding whether a minuig operation conducted with this kind of an impound-
ing devioe should be restrained by the court, I am movod, not so much by considear-
atum of ^e qnestian of whether or not the mining d(^bris has been sucoessfuUy
inqMnrnded by the -defendants hexetoibre aa by the probability of its escape from the
impoimding pool and its consequent injury to the navigability of the lower streams
in die fiBtare.
Hw dim in question appears from the evidoEkce to be strong mad well Imilt. It is
dmbtlesB capable of restraining great pressure. It is a wooden dam, however, and
itetandB in Uie bed of a torrential stream. It necessarily follows that it is liable
te be earned away by freshets. The same forces that have broken similar dams
heeetofoTd are liable at any time to destroy this dam, and if it should be thus do-
atroyed no one can doubt that all the mining debris now impounded above the dam
ifouldbytho same destructive force be carried into the stream below. Canyon
Creek empties into the north fork of the Yuba River, about a mile below the dam.
The north fork of the Yuba discharge^ its waters into the main Yuba, thence into
the Feather River, thence into the Sacramento. The evidence would indicate that
the impounding reservoir is not full, but that its capacity, while considerably re-
duced at present may be increased by raising the dam to a height of 100 feet or more.
It is evident that with the increased height of the dam a corresponding increase
in its len^h must be made, thereby entailing a oorrespondinfif increase of the
dan^r of its breaking. In view of the principles announced in the decision of this
emiit in the mining debris cases in 1884 (9 Sawyer, 441), and in view of the justly
grounded apprehension of iigury to navigation in the cases of any wooden dam con-
structed across the channel of a mountain stream, as in the cases now before the
court, 1 am of the opinion tha^ an ii^uaction should isane as prayed for in the hilL
Appexdix D.
the caufoifxia d^iub commission.
^ ACT toproridofor the appointment, datie«, ami compensatifm of a d^UrinooBimisBioDer, and to
make u appropriation to be expended ttnder his direction iu the diacharge of his datics a» «mch
conuniaaioner.
"1^ penpieof the Stale of Califwniaf repreeenied iu 9eHate and asiemhly^do ennd as
foUows:
BiCTioK 1. The governor of the State of California shall, on or before the first day
w January^ eighteen hxmdred and ninety -fonr^ appoint a competent civil engineer
•^ * period of four years only, to be known as and called the debris commissioner.
thA-' ^' ^*^^ commissioner shall, during the time he shall be actually employed in
the di8cbtrg:e of his official duties, receive a compensation of three hundred dollars
per month aud his necessary traveling expenses, to bo allowed by the State board of
DEC. 3. Whenever any board of engineers of the United States Government shall
MTeheen appointed, with power to adopt plans and specifications for the coustruc-
Mon of works for the impounding of mining ddbris, it shall be the duty of said
o^DriB commissioner to consult and advise with such board of enginetis of tbo
tmted states Government, and to examine and pass upon the merits of such works,
f^L?*^^ debris commissioner shall determine whether or not such works are calcu-
lated to and sufficient to protect the navigable waters of the State, and to keei) a
rword of such determinations.
.|.^-4- There is hereby appropriated, out of the general fund of the treasury of
Musbtato not otherwise appropriated, the sum of two hundre<l andiifty thousand
floilara, no -warrant against said sum to be drawn or paid until the United States
,®^'^J]Mnent shall have appropriated at least an equal amount, to be used iu the
constTQction of works for the restraining or impounding of mining ddbris in Cali-
orma, said moneys to be paid only upon orders drawn by the controller, upon
Rewritten request of the said d<^bris commissioner, and to bo drawn only for the
payment of not more than one-half of the cost of the construction of any such
'forjwg for restraining and impounding mining d/^bris as shall have boon approved
"Y una and duly adopted and rocommendod by engineers of the United States Gov-
eraiQcnt i]qjpointed for that puqiose.
I
3184 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
8ec. 5. Tho term of ofifice of said debris commissioner shall be four years from
the date of his appointment. He shall take the same oath of office as is provided
by law for other State officers, and before entering upon the discharge of his
duties shall give bond with sufficient sureties, to be approved by tho governor of
the State, in the sum uf fifty thousand dollars, for the faithlul discharge of his
duties aa such officer.
Sec. 6. The said d6bris commissioner shall have tho power to appoint a secretary,
at a monthly salary to bo fixed by said commissioner, not exceeding one hundred
and twenty-five dollars per month; said secretary to hold office at the pleasure
of the said commissioner. Provided, however, That no secretary shall be appointed
until said d<$bris commissioner shall enter upon the actual discharge of his duties.
Sec. 7. All expenditures authorized by the provisions of this act shall be subject
to the approval of the State board of examiners ; and the State controller is hereby
authorized to draw his warrant for all expenditures not in excess of the appropria-
tion herein provided for, so approved by the State board of examiners; and the
State treasurer is hereby directed to pay the same.
Appendix E.
AK ACT to create the CaliiOrnift D6bris CommiBsion and rGgnilate hydranlic mining in the State of
California.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That a commission is hereby created, to be known as the Cal-
ifornia Debris Commission, consisting of three members. The President of the
United States shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint the
commission from officers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Vacancies
occurring therein shall be filled in like manner. It shall have the authority and
exercise the powers herinaftcr set forth, under the supervision of tho Chief of
Engineers and direction of tho Secretary of War.
Sec. 2. That said commission shall organize within thirty days after its appoint-
ment, by the selection of such officers as may bo required in the performance of its
duties, tho same to be selected from the members thereof. The members of said
commission shall receive no greater compensation than is now allowed by law to each,
respeetively, as an officer of said Corps of Engineers. It shall also adopt rules and
regulations, not inconsistent with law, to govern its deliberations and prescribe the
method of procedure under the provisions of this act.
Sec. 3. That the jurisdiction of said commission, in so far as the same affects
mining carried on by the hydraulic process, shall extend to all such mining in the
territory drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems in tho State of
California. Hydraulic mining, as defined in section eight hereof, directly or indi-
rectly injuring the navigability of said river systems, carried on in said territory
other than as permitted under the provisions of this act, is hereby prohibited and
declared unlawful.
Sec. 4. That it shall bo the duty of said commission to mature and adopt such
plan or plans, from examinations and surveys already made and from such addi-
tional examinations and surveys as it may deem necessary, as will improve the
navigability of all tho rivers comprising said systems, deepen their channels and
protect their banks. Such plan or plans shall be matured with a view of making
the same effective as against the encroachment of and damage from debris resulting
from mining operations, natural erosion, or other causes, with a view of restoring,
as near as practicable and the necessities of commerce and navigation demand, tho
navigability of said rivers to the condition existing in eighteen hundred and sixt^.
and permitting mining by the hydraulic process, as the term is understood in said
State, to be carried on, provided the same can be accomplished without injury to
the navigability of said rivers or the lands adjacent thereto.
Sec. 5. That it shall further examine, survey, and determine the utility and prac-
ticability, for tho purx)oses hereinafter indicated, of storage sites in the tributaries
of said rivers and m the respective branches of said tributaries, or in the plains,
basins, sloughs, and tule and swamp lands adjacent to or along the course of said
rivers, for the storage of d6bris or water or as settling reservoirs, with the object of
using the same by cither or all of these methods to aid in the improvement and pro-
tection of said navigable rivers by preventing deposits therein of debris resulting
from mining operations, natural erosion, or other causes, or for affording relief
thereto in llood time and providing sufficient water to maintain scouring force
therein in the summer season; and in connection therewith to investigate such
hydraulic and other mines as are now or may havo been worked by mcthodi) intended
APPETOIX Z Z REPORT OP CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 3185
to restrain the debris and material moved in operating such mines by impounding
^ dftnis, settUng reBervoirs, or otherwise, and in general to make such study of and
Teseatches in tbo hydraulic mining industry as science, experience, and engineering
tkill may Baggest as practicable and useful in devising a method or methods whereby
such minlnc may be carried on as aforesaid.
Bec. 6. That the said commission shall from time to time note the conditions of
the navigable channels of said river systems, by cross-section surveys or otherwise,
in otder to ascertain the effect therein of such hydraulic mining operations as may
be permitted by its orders and such as is caused by erosion, natural or otherwise.
Sec. 7. That said commission shall submit to the Chief of Engineers, for the infor-
mation of the Secretary of War, on or before the fifteenth day of November of each
year^ a report of its labors and transactions, with plans for the construction, com-
pletion and preservation of the public works outlined in this act, together with
estimates of the cost thereof, stating what amounts can be profitably expended
thereon each year. The Secretary of War shall thereupon submit same to Congress
on or before the meeting thereof.
Sec. 8. That for the purposes of this act "hydraulic mining" and "mining by the
hydraulic proce-ss," are hereby declared to have the meaning and application given
to said terms in said State.
Sec. 9. That the individual proprietor or proprietors, or in case of a corporation
its maDager or agent appointed for that purpose, owning mining ground in the terri-
tory in the State of California mentioned in section three hereof, which it is desired
to vork by the hydraulic process, must file with said commission a verified petition,
setting forth such facts as will comply with law and rules prescribed by said com-
mission.
Sec. 10. That said petition shall be accompanied by an instrument duly executed
and acknowledged, as required by the law of the said State, whereby the owner or
owners of such mine or mines surrender to the United States the right and privilege
to regulate by law, as provided in this act, or any law that may hereafter be
enacted, or by such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by virtue thereof,
the manner and method in which the ddbris resulting from the working of said mine
or mineA shall be restrained, and what amount shall bo produced therefrom ; it being
nuderstood that the surrender aforesaid shall not be construed as in any way
affecting the right of such owner or owners to operate said mine or mines by any
other process or method now in use in said State: Provided, That they shall not
interfere with the navigability of the aforesaid rivers.
Sec. 11. That the owners of several mining claims situated so as to require a com-
Bou (lumping ground or dam or other restraining works for the debris issuing there-
^vi in one or more sites may file a joint petition setting forth such facts in addition
to the requirements of .section nine hereof; and where the owner of a hydraulic mine
^rowncrs of several such mines have and use common dumping sites for impounding
debris or as settling reservoirs, which sites are located below the mine of an appli-
cant not entitled to use same, such fact shall also be stated in said petition. Thero-
npon the same proceedings shall be had as provided for herein.
^^c. 12. A notice specifying briefly the contents of said petition and fixing a time
Pjevions to which all proofs are to be submitted shall be published by said commis-
won hi some newspaper or newspapers of general circulation in the communities
mterested in the matters set forth therein. If published in a daily paper, such
pnblication shall continue for at least ten days; ifiu a weekly paper, in at least
three issues of the same. Pending publication thereof said conmiission, or a com-
mittee thereof, shall examine the mine and premises described in such petition. On
or before the time so fixed all parties interested, either as petitioners or contestants,
whether miners or agriculturalists, may file affidavits, ^lans, and maps in support
of their respective claims. Further hearings, upon notice to all parties of record,
"i^y be granted by the commission when necessary.
Sec. 13. That in case a majority of the membersof said commission, within thirty
days after the time so fixed, concur in a decision in favor of the petitioner or peti-
tioners, the said commission shall thereupon make an order directing the methods
*od specifying in detail the manner in which operations shall proceed in such mine
w mines; what restraining or impounding works, if facilities tnerefor can be found,
•hall be built and maintained; now and of what material j where to bo located;
and in preneral set forth such further requirements and safeguards as will protect
*he public interests and prevent injury to the said navigable rivers, and the lands
Jdjacent thereto; with such further conditions and limitations as will observe all
•he provisions of this act in relation to the workin;? thereof and the payment of
wxes on the gross proceeds of the same: Providedy That all expense incurred in
*^mplying with said order shall be borne by the owner or owners of such mine or
mines.
Skc. 14. That such petitioner or petitioners must within a reasonable time present
plans and specifications of all works required to bo built in pursuance of said ordei
ENG 94 200
3186 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMT.
*■
for ezamination, correction, and approval by said commisflion; andtherenpon work
may immediately commence thereon under the sapervlBion of said commission or
representatiTO thereof attached thereto from said Corps of Engineers, who shall
inspect same from time to time. Upon completion thereof, if found in every respect
to meet the requirements of the saiu order and said approved plans and specilica-
tions, permission shall thereupon be granted to the owner or owners of such mine
or mines to commence mining operations, subject to the conditions of said order and
the provisions of this act.
Sec. 15. That no permission granted to a mine owner or owners under this act shall
take effect so for as regards uie working of a mine, until all impounding dams or
other restraining works, if any are prescribed by the order ^ranting such permis-
sion, have been completed and until the impounding dams or other restraining works
or settling reservoirs provided by said commission have reached such a stage as, in
the opinion of said commission, it is safe to use the same : Provided^ however, That
if said commission shall be of the opinion that the restraining and other works
already constructed at the mine or mines shall be sufficient to protect the navigable
rivers of said systems and the work of said commission, then the owner or ownera
of such mine or mines may be permitted to commence o]>erations.
Sec. 16. That in case the joint petition referred to in section eleven hereof is
granted, the commission shall lix the respective amounts to be paid by each owner
of such mines toward providing and building necessary impounding dams or other
restraining works. In the event of a petition being filed after the entry of such
order, or in case the Impoundine dam or dams or other restraining works have already
been constructed and accepted by said commission, the commission shall fix such
amount as may be reasonable for the privilege of dumping therein, which amount
shall be divided between the original owners of such impounding dams or other
restraining works in proportion to the amount respectively paid by each party ownine
the same. The exx>ense of maintaining and protecting such joint dam or works shaQ
be divided among mine owners using the same in such proportion as the commission
shall determine. In all cases where it is practicable restraining and impounding
works are to be provided, constructed, and maintained by mine owners near or below
the mine or mines before reaching the main tributaries of said navigable waters.
Sec. 17. That at no time shall any more d^^bris be x>ermitted to be washed awa;
from any hydraulic mine or mines situated on the tributaries of said rivers and tb*
respective branches of each, worked under the provisions of this act, than can
impounded within the restraining works erected.
Skc. 18. That the said commission may at any time, when the condition of th ^
navigable rivers or when the capacities of all im;|>ounding and settling fsciliti
erected by mine owners or such as may be provided by Government anthori
require same, modify the order granting the privilege to mine by the hydrauli
mining process so as to reduce amount thereof to meet the capacities of the faciliti
then in use, or if actually required in order to protect the navigable rivers fra»
damage, may revoke same until the further notice of the commission.
Sec. 19. That an intentional violation on the part of a mine owner or owne
company, or corporation, or the agents or employes of either, of the conditions of
the order granted pursuant to section thirteen, or such modifications thereof as nM^-aty
have been made by said commission, shall work a forfeiture of the privlle^^-es
thereby conferred, and upon notice being served by the order of said commission
upon said owners or owners, company, or corporation, or agent in charge, w«:>t1k
shall immediately cease. Said commission shall take necessary steps to enforce^ ^'^
orders in caseof the failure, ne^lect^ or refusal of such owner or owners, compfl-"^y»
or corporation, or agents thereol, to comnly therewith, or in the event of any pr ■"'*"
or persons, company, or corporation working by said process in said territory
trary to law.
Skc. 20. That said commission, or a committee therefrom, or officer of said e
assigned to duty under its orders, shall, whenever deemed necessary, visit sai(L '^'''^]
ritory and all mines operating under the provisions of this act. A report of ^"-^
examination shall be placed on file.
Sec. 21. That the said commission is hereby granted the right to use any o^ ^^
public lands of the United States, or any rock, stone, timber, trees, brush, or ^*V^\.lt
rial thereon or therein, for any of the purposes of this act; that the Secretary o» ^j.
Interior is hereby authorized and requested, after a notice has been tiled witt» .. ^
Commissioner of the Greneral Land Office by said Commission, setting forth '^^^^^t
public lands are required by it under the authority of this section, that such ^^^
or lands shall be withdrawn from sale and entry under the laws of the U*' ^
States.
Sec. 22. That any person or persons who willfully or maliciously injure, dain^
or destroy, or attempt to injure, damage, or destroy, any dam or other work ere«^
under the provisions of this act for restraining, impounding, or settling purp<^''^
or for use in connection therewith, shall bo guilty of a misdemeonori and upoii ^
APPETOIX Z Z REPORT OP CALIFORNIA D]6bRI8 COMMISSION. 3187
Tietlon thereof Bball be fined not to exceed the sum of Ave thousand dollars or be
impTlaoned not to exceed five years^ or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the
discretion of the court. And any person or persons, company or corporation, their
agento oi employes, who shall mine by the hydraulic process directly or indirectly
injuring the navigable waters of the United states, in violation of the provisions of
this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and npon conviction thereof shall be pun-
ished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imnrisonmcnt not exceed-
ing one year, or b^ both sucn fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court:
Prortdeif, That this section shall take efifect on the first day of May, eighteen hun-
dred and ninety-three.
Skc. 23. That upon the construction by the said Commission of dams or otlier
vorks for the detention of debris from hydraulic mines and the issuing of the order
provided for by this act to any individual, company, or corporation to work any
mine or mines by hydraulic process, the individual, company, or corporation oper-
ating thereunder working any jnine or mines by hydraulic process, the debris from
'irhicb flow's into or is in whole or in part restrained by such dams or other works
erected by said Commission, shall pay a tax of three per centum on the ^oss proceeds
of his, their, or its mine so worked, which tax of three per centum shall be ascer-
tained and paid in accordance with regulations to be adopted by the Secretary of
the Treasury, and the Treafiurer of the United States is hereby authorized to receive
the same. AH sums of money paid into the Treasury under this section shall be set
Apart and credited to a fund to bo known as the '' debris fuud,'^ and shall be expended
by said Commission under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers and direction
of the Secretary of War, in addition to the appropriations made by law in the con-
struction and maintenance of such restraining works and settling reservoirs as may be
proper and necessary : Provided, That said Commission is hereby authorized to receive
and pay into the Treasury from the owner or owners of mines worked by the hydrau-
lic process, to whom permission may have been granted so to work under the provi-
sions hereof, such money advances as may be offered to aid in the construction of
rach impounding dams or other restraining works, or settling reservoirs, or sites
therefor, as may oe deemed necessary by said Commission to protect the navigable
chanuels of said river systems, on condition that all moneys so advanced shaul be
Kfonded as the said tax is paid into the said d6bris fund: And provided further,
That in no event shall the Government of the United States be held liable to refund
*^e except as directed by this section.
Sec. 24. That for the purpose of securing harmony of action and economy in expen-
ditures in the work to be done by the United States and the State of California,
respectively, the former in its plans for the improvement and protection of the navi-
gable streams and to prevent the depositing of mining d<^bris or other materials
Jithin the same, and the latter in its plans authorized by law for the reclamation,
wainage, and protection of its lands, or relating to the working of hydraulic mines,
the said commission is empowered to consult thereon with a commission of engi-
fipcrsof said State, if authorized by said State for said purpose, the result of such
conference to be reported to the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, and,
"by hini approved, shall be followed bv said Commission.
Sec. 25, That said Commission, in order that such material as is now or may here-
**ter bo lodged in the tributaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems,
Resulting from mining operations, natural erosion, or other causes, shall be pre-
y^€ntedfrom injuring the said navigable rivers or such of the tributaries of either as
^^y bo navigable^ and the land adjacent thereto, is hereby directed and empowered,
^hen appropriations are made therefor by law, or sufiicicnt money is deposited
Jl'r that purpose in said ddbris fund, to build at such points above the head of navi-
gation in said rivers and on the main tributaries thereof, or branches of such tribu-
•^fiw, or at any place adjacent to the same, which, in the judgment of said Com-
mission, ^ill effect said object (the same to be of such material as will insure
aiety and permanency), such restraining or impounding dams and settling reser-
01T8, Mrith such canals, locks or otfier works adapted and required to complete same.
ne recommendations contained in Executive Document Numbered Two hundred and
j.^ty-8even, Fifty-first Congress, second session, and Executive Document Numbered
j^^^Jyeight, Forty-seventh Congress, first session, as far as they refer to impound-
to l ^^"* °^ other restraining works, are hereby adopted, and the same are directed
ann ^^^0 ^he basis of operations. The sum of fifteen thousand dollars is hereby
iinm ?-^^''*^*^' ^^^™ moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be
"»jne<iiately available to defray the expenses of said Commission.
Approved March 1, 1893,
■\'--
APPENDIX AAA.
OCCUPANCY OF AND INJURY TO PUBLIC WORKS BY CORPORATIONS
AND INDIVIDUALS.
[Reported under section 2, river and harbor act of 1884, and nection 4, river aud I)ar1x)r act uf 1886.]
1. Re(K>rt of Col. Wm. P. Craighill,
Corps of Eugineers.
2. Report of Capt. O. M. Carter, Corps
of BDgineere.
3. Report of Col. O. M. Poe, Coqis of
Engineers.
4. Report of Capt. T. \V. Synions, Corp«
of Engineers.
(1) report of col. wm. p. craighill, corps of engineers.
United States Engineer Office,
Baltimore, Md,, July 3, 1894,
General: In compliance with the requirements of General Orders
6 and 7, series of 1887, and 9 of 1888, from headquarters Corps of
Engineers, I have the honor to report, concerning the rivers and har-
bors in my charge, that no additional information on the subject of
those orders has been received by me since the last annual report, except
as shown by the following statements:
Unknown persons removed pieces of the wales from some of the wing
dams on the James Eiver, probably for firewood.
On the Great Kanawha River there has been more or less trouble at
the movable dams with drift from booms and from cutting brush, etc.,
on the banks, but there appear to have been no material or flagrant
violations of the law in this respect. The sawmills, so far as this oiiice
is informed, have either been burning their slabs, sawdust, etc., or put-
ting it where it is not liable to be washed into the streams. The Wini-
frede Coal Company and some parties at Charleston (the hitter were not
thoroughly identified) made some trouble at one time during the year
by throwing heavy refuse in the river when repairing boats and barges.
This was promptly stopped when notification was given about it.
In regard to the old mill damson Elk River, no legal action has been
taken toward their removal. Gen. C. C. Watts, district attorney for the
State of West Virginia, has lately stated that while it is thought an
indictment against the owners of these dams could not be maintained,
he is of the opinion that the United States has the right to summarily
remove the dams as obstructions to navigation. He also said that in a
recent conversation with the Attorney- General at Washington the lat-
ter expressed himself as of the same opinion in regard to the power of
the Government to remove these old dams. General Watts intends to
write to the Attorney-General soon to ask for a formal opinion in regard
to the matter.
Complaints about these dams continue. Three letters from i)romi-
nent lumber men on Elk have been received recently complaining about
the serious obstruction to the running of rafts and bateaux made by
3189
3190 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
these dams — particular stress being laid on the Frametown dam and
Ashleys dam.
The Elk Island boom at Sutton continues to be the cause of com-
plaint on the part of sawmill men at Charleston, as before reported.
(Report of Chief of Engineers for 1892, pp. 3343, 3344.) So far as this
office is informed, no legal action has been taken against the com-
pany on account of this boom during the year. This same eomx>any
lias built a temporary dam about 8 feet high clear across the river just
below the boom for the purpose of floating logs out of the boom. This
temporary dam is the cause of considerable complaint on the part of
flatboat men, etc., who are obliged to transfer around it in going to and
from Sutton with produce and merchandise. The Elk Island Boom Com-
pany was indicted by the grand jury of Braxton County at the last
April term on account of such complaint about this temporary dam.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Wm. p. Cratghill,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey, Colonel^ Corps of Engineers,
Chief of Engineers^ U. 8, A,
(2) REPORT OF CAPT. O. M. CARTER, CORPS OK ENGINEERS.
United States Engineer Office,
Savannah, Oa,j June 30j 1894.
General : I have the honor to report that " no structures or works
built or made by the United States in aid of commerce or navigation"
within the district under my charge " have been used, occupied or injured
by a corporation or individual" during the year, with the following
exceptions :
1 . The cluster of fender i^iles and about two pile bents of Dam No. 4,
and one of the clusters of fender piles at the end of Dam No. 6, Darieu
Harbor, Georgia, have been destroyed by an unknown vessel.
2. About 35 feet of the outer end of Jones Island Spur Dam No. 26,
Savannah Harbor, Georgia, was destroyed by the British vessel Eden-
more. This was reported to the United States district attorney, as
required by law, but no action was taken by him.
3. About 24 feet of the outer end of Elba Island Spur Dam No. 7
(including one cluster of piles). Savannah Harbor, Georgia, was de-
stroyed by an unknown vessel.
4. About 70 feet of Barnwell Island Spur Dam No. 3, Savannah Har-
bor, was destroyed by the British steamship Cynthiana.
Some minor injuries to pile training walls have been caused by
unknown parties, and small quantities of stone have been removed
from the dams at Big Gap and Philbrick Cut, Savannah Harbor,
Georgia.
Kespectfnlly submitted. O. M. Garter,
Captain, Corps of Engineers.
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. CASEi"^,
Chief of Engineers, U. 8. A,
(3) report of col. o. m. poe, corps of engineers.
United States Engineer Office,
Detroit, Mich., July 10, 1894.
General: In accordance with section 4 of the river and harbor act
of August 5, 1886, and General Orders No. 9, Headquarters, Corps of
APPENDIX A A A — OCCUPANCY AND INJURY TO PUBLIC WORKS. 3191
Engineers, June 26j 1888, 1 have the honor to report the following cases
where *' piers, breakwaters, etc.," under my charge *' have been used,
occupied, or injured by a corporation or individual" during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1894.
LANDS OCCUPIED BY U. S. LIGHT-HOUSE ESTABLISHMENT.
The United States Light- House Establishment occupies as site for
light-keeper's dwelling a portion of the St. Marys Falls Canal grounds,
100 feet by 200 feet, extending from the south bank of the canal to Canal
street, in the city of Sanlt Ste. Marie, Mich., and just west of the prin-
cipal meridian of Michigan, the authority for this occupation being a
letter of Secretary of \Var William C. Endicott, dated March 25,
1885, and being terminable at pleasure of the War Department; also,
the extreme end of the northwest pier by a light-house, and a portion
of the northwest pier by a range light; authority by act of Congress
dated March 3, 1870.
The United States Light-House Establishment also occupies the
lower and upper ends of the west pier of the St. Clair Flats Ship Canal
by light-houses; authority by acts of Congress dated July 28, 1866,
and March 3, 1871.
OCCUPANCY OF PUBLIC LANDS, ETC., BELONGING TO THE RESERVA-
TION OF ST. MABYS FALLS CANAL, MICHIGAN.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, the reservation has been
occui)ied, as reported in my Annual Eeport for 1893, printed on i).4271
et seq.j of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1893.
The following new case of occupancy has occurred:
By the Edison Sault Electric Company, widening tail race now in
use by company. The authority for this action Is a " revocable license"
to the Edison Sault Electric Company, granted by acting Secretary of
War L. A. Grant, on July 6, 1893.
INJURIES TO PIERS, ETC., OF ST. MARYS FALLS CANAL, MICHIGAN.
On August 3, 1893, the schooner Moravia ran into south pier, doing
$38.83 damage.
On August 7, 1893, the propeller Athabasca ran into lock wall (lock
1881), doing $25.50 damage.
On October IG, 1893, the steamer Tampa ran into south pier of canal,
doing $17.42 damage.
On May 19, 1894, the steamer Andaate ran into pier in front of the
movable dam of the canal, doing $89.60 damage.
INJURIES TO PIERS, ETC., OF ST. CLAIR FLATS CANAL, MICHIGAN.
On August 19, 1893, the steamer Marina ran into west dike of canal,
doing $112.18 damage.
On August 27, 1893, the steamer C. F. Beilman ran into east pier of
canal, doing $121.38 damage.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
O. M. PoE,
Colonel^ Corps of Engineers^
Bvt Brig, General^ U. 8, A,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers J U. S. A.
3192, REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
(4) report of capt. t. w. symons, corps of engineers.
United States Engineer Office,
Portland^ Oreg.j July i, 1694.
General: In compliance with General Order No. 6, 1887, and Gen-
eral Order No. 9, 1888, Headquarters, Corps of Engineers, I have the
honor to state that no structure or works built or made by the United
States in aid of commerce or navigation in the district under my charge
are used or occupied by a corporation or an individual.
During the year the jetty being built by the Government at Coos Bay,
Oregon, was injured under the following circumstances: During the
summer of 1893, a cigar-shaped raft of piles was constructed in Coos
Bay, which it was intended to take to San Francisco. The raft con-
tained 3,500 piles from 60 to 100 feet long, bound together with heavy
chains. In attempting to tow this raft out of the bay, it struck on the
South Spit, and as the tide was ebbing it could not be gotten off. Dur-
ing the high tide at night it floated off and passed around and grounded
against the Government jetty, on the north side thereof. Here it con-
tinued for three days striking the jetty tramway with terrific force and
beating and breaking it down.
It was finally taken away, but not until damage had been done which
cost $700 to repair.
The matter was reported to the United States district attorney for
Oregon.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
T. W. Symons,
CaptaiUj Corps of Engineers.
Brig. Gen. Tho3IAs L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers^ U, 8. A.
APPENDIX B B B.
WASHINGTON A^^UEDUCT— INCREASING THE WATER SUPPLY OF WASH>
INGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA— ERECTION OF FISHWAYS AT GREAT
FALLS-
REPORT OF COL, GEORGE H, ELLIOT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, OFFICER
ly CHARGE, FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE SO, 1894.
1. Washing; ton Aqueduct.
2. lucreosio^ the -water supply of Wash-
ington, D. C.
3. Erection of fishways at Great Falls.
Office of the Washington Aqueduct,
Washington, 2). C, July i, 1894.
General : I have the honor to transmit herewith report of opera-
tions for tlie following works in my charge for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1894, viz: Washington Aqueduct; increasing the water supply
of WasiiingtoD, D. C; erection of fishways at Great Falls.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
George H. Elliot,
Colonel of Engineers.
Brig. Oen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers, U. 8. A,
B B B I.
WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.
Appropriations for the Washington Aqueduct are applied to the
improvenieut, the maintenance, and repair of those portions of the
Wasbingtou "water supply, other than the tunnel from the distributing
reservoir to tlje new reservoir near Howard University, that have been
of Washington; the works at Great Falls for regulating the supply of
the conduit; the conduit from Great Falls, 9 feet in diameter; the
three reservoirs, viz, the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir, about 4J miles
west of the city, the distributing reservoir, about 2 miles west of the
city, and the high-service reservoir in Georgetown for the supply of
the higher portions of that city; the mains by which the water is
3193
3194 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
carried from the reservoirs and delivered into the city's distribating
system, and the bridges for supporting the mains across Bock Creek.
The following statement exhibits the condition of the aqueduct and
its accessory works, and the operations of the last fiscal year:
THE DAM AND OTHER WORKS AT GREAT FALLS.
Advantage was takien of the very low condition of the Potomac ir
August to replace the riprap back of the dam that had been carriec
away by ice in the two preceding winters. Five hundred and one cubic
yards were used for this puri)ose at the dam across the Virginia cbanne
and 405 cubic yards at the dam across the Maryland channel, making £
total of 90G cubic yards. This work had been postponed on account OJ
want of funds for the purpose.
A new frame was made for the screen at the intake of the conduit.
The painting of the machinery that operates the valves in the gate
house and the roof of the gate house were commenced in June and nearly
completed.
On December 21 there was introduced into the Senate of the United
States and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia
a bill entitled ^'A bill to amend an act approved July 15, 1882, entitled
•An act to increase the water supply of the city of Washington and
for other purposes.'" The bill provided for the acquirement by th«
United States by the right of eminent domain or otherwise, of so mnci
of the land and water rights at Great Falls as might be deemed neces
sary for the present and future water supply of the District of Colunn
bia. It also provided for securing by the United States to its co-owneiM
in the land and water rights at the falls, by contracts, the right to u^
and the facilities for using the remainder of the flow of the river, ai^
for the ascertainment and payment of damages for the land and wat^
rights taken under the act of 1882.
In the report on the bill which I made on March 20, and of which
copy will be found in Appendix 3, I endeavored to show that while tB
remainder of flow above njentioned would amount to five-seveuths -
the low-water flow and sixty-three sixty-fifths of the average flow, tM
riparian rights of the United States at Great Falls are so extensi'"^
that the Government appears beyond all question to own by far tM
greater part of all the water flowing at that point; that, therefore,
would be unwise for the United States to enter into the contract
referred to, but that on the contrary it should proceed to acquire by t^
exercise of the right of eminent domain, or otherwise provided foriu tl^
bill, all of the water and water rights at Great Falls not now owned t
it, to the end that the United States for itself and the District of Colur^
bia could not only increase from time to time and without limit ai^
without further controversy with its co-owners (the Great Falls Man^
facturing Company and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company) tl:*
supply for ordinary purposes, but could utilize the remainder for pow^
to be used in the generation of electricity for the lighting of thepubtf'
buildings, the public grounds and streets of Washington, forthepumf^
ing of water to the higher levels of the city, and for other public pur-
poses.*
bility and advisability of using tlie water power of the Great Falls <
or otiier water power in the neighborhood of Washington, D. C, for the purpose of
lighting by electricity the public buildings, grounds, and streets of the District of
Columbia.
t
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3195
Tliese suggestions were approved by the committee, and the bill as
amended now pending (S. 1359 and H. E. 7280, Fifty-third Congress,
second session) provides for legislation that is of the highest importance
to tbe United States and the District of Columbia, and in respect of
the water supply of Washington more important than any that has
been enacted since the completion of the aqueduct thirty years ago.
It is understood that the property has recently been offered for sale
to private parties at the price of $350,000, and 1 think that there can
be no doubt that it can be acquired by the process provided for in the
bill at a fair and reasonable price, fair to the United States and the
District of Columbia, and fair to the co-owners.
The importance of early action in this matter is stated in the report
of the Senate Committee on the District of Columbia in the following
terms :
If tlio entire power at Groat Falls is acquired, we believe it will be ample for
electric lighting and pumping purposes for the city. The Great Falls Power Com-
pany have very recently obtained new charters from the legislatures of Virginia
and Maryland. Their purpose is evidently to develop the power and supply it
tlirectly, or through other companies, to the city for lighting and other purposes.
There are no improvements now at Great Falls except the Aqueduct dam, built and
owned by the United States. If the Government is everto acquire control it should
^ done before any outlay is made by the other owners. Such outlay must be to
them a questionable investment, in view of the fact that the Government is sure to
require an increased supply from time to time in the future, thus endangering
the business of the power company and destroying or greatly lessening the value
of their improvements, with the risk that they may not bo sufficiently recom-
pensed. Your committee are therefore of the opinion that all the water and ripa-
^^ rights at Great Falls necessary for the control aud use of the entire power
MOQJd be acquired at this time; that it will be a wise economy to do so ; that own-
cnhip in part by the United States and in part by private business corporations is
A relation unwise and unsafe for the Government, and should bo terminated at
^^i that the other owners can offord to surrender their rights now on much better
terms for the Government than after they have made their improvements, and that
po outlay of money can contribute more than this to the future welfare of the cap-
ital of the country.
'^We is another reason why the bill should be acted upon at the
^rliest possible moment.
. There is immediate necessity for raising the dam at Great Falls, and
"^iDy estimates appended to this report will be found an estimate of
^125,000 for the work. An explanation of the same will be found
^nderthe title "Explanations of estimates."
^'ot since the 48-inch main was laid have there been so many com-
Wnts of want of water as during the present summer, not only in
^^^ higher portions of that part of the city supplied by gravity, but in
^"Cr portions of this area from which complaints have never come
"l^fore. r:um informed that many houses, including some of the better
^J^ss as far down as Lafayette Square, are losing their tenants because
^*J^y can not get water in their bathrooms, and it is feared that pecu-
^Ifl^y loS'^1 sickness, and inconvenience will result from this state of
affairs. The District authorities are extending the area of high service
(*«\vhich water is pumped from the'United States mains) toTennally-
town, Brightwood, and other places in the "county." As this will
"^Sike a new and increased demand on the mains, it is certain that the
deficiency in the portion of the city supplied by gravity will soon be
Sweater than it is now, and the only remedy, other than the stopping
?f unnecessary and avoidable waste by the enactment of a law requir-
l^^g the use of meters by all consumers of Potomac water, is the rais-
ing of the dam.
When the dam was last raised and extended to the Virginia shore
3196 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
(the work was finished in 1886), increasing the supply to the city about
25,000,000 gallons per diem, it gave rise to extraordinary claims for
damages on the part of the coowners with the United States of the
land and water rights at Great Falls, amounting to hundreds of
thousands of dollars, which have not been settled to this day. In my
judgment but a very small portion of these claims is justly due, but
whatever bo paid on them will have to be paid jointly by the United
States and the District of Columbia.
For the reason, therefore, that the ^respective amounts of water to
which each of the three riparian owners at Great Falls is entitled have
never been judicially determined, they should be so determined, or, if
it be possible, the^ United States should acquire all of the water at the
Falls in the manner proposed, before another increase in the height of
the dam bo made.
I should further remark in connection with this subject, that the
object of raising the head of water at the in -take of the conduit is to
increase the velocity through the conduit, and thus enable it to bring
more water down from Great Falls and into the distributing reser-
voir, to the end that the water in this reservoir may be kept up to its
proper height of 146 feet above datum. It may be found, however,
that even with the water in the distributing reservoir at this height, it
will not restore the pressures in the city (which by reason of the rajiid
increase in consumption and waste, are constantly falling), to what
they were when the 48-incli main, which I laid in 1890, was first put in
operation.
In this case, it will be necessary at once to finish the tunnel connect-
ing the distributing reservoir with the new reservoir near Howard
University, or to lay another 48-inch main from the distributing reser-
voir to and through the city. It should be understood, however, that
neither of these is the alternative of raising the dam at Great Falls,
which must be done in any case, and with the least delay practicable.
Estimates for raising the height of the dam at Great Falls, for the
protection of the inlet to the Aqueduct, and for the construction of a
storehouse at Great Falls, will be found in the list of estimates appended
hereto, and explanations of the same will also be found further on in
this report under the title " Explanations of estimates."
THE RESERVOIRS.
A portion of the land required for the improvement of the Dalecarlia
receiving reservoir, for which an appropriation of $60,000 was made in
the act of Congress of March 3, 1893, was acquired by the purchase of
five parcels, the areas and the dates of the deeds of which, as well as
the dates of their record, will be found in the following table. The
deeds are recorded at Rockville, Md., in the office of the clerk of the
circuit court of Montgomery County. Boundary stones have been
planted at the corners of these lands.
(irantor.
A rt»n. ! Dat« of «Ieed.
IpcnatiuA Belt
JameH Harper
Will. FraiiK Harper
Norwood Real Estate Co
Metropolitan Southern K. K. Co., right of way only
Sq./t.
2,730.72
13,275
12, 744
210
1,080.36
:Dat«> of record
of deed.
July 10, 1893 ! Aug. 30. 1893
...do Oct. 11,1803
do Do.
Jan. 18, ]6d4
Nov. 22, 1893
Nov. 25, 1893
APPENDIX B B B — ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3197
One and forty-two one-hnndredths acres of laud were also obtained
by lease from IgDatias Belt, for one year from July 10, 1893, with the
privilege of extending the same for one or two years longer, at the option
of the United States, for the purpose of constructing thereon the tem-
porary buildings required.
The preparatory work of this improvement, a description and the
plans of which were contained in my last annual report, commenced on
Jaly 5. A road was graded extending from the Conduit road at the
western foot of Dalecarlia Hill to the mouth of the proposed tunnel
near waste weir Xo. 2 of the Washington Aqueduct, to be used for
hauling the compressor and other drilling plant and the materials
required for the work. A wooden flume 250 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 12
inches high was constructed from the mouth of the tunnel leading from
the waste weir to Little Falls Branch, which flume was made necessary
by the leakage from the gates in the dam of the waste weir, which ran
directly over the site of the portal of the proposed main drainage tun-
nel. A magazine of rubblestone was constructed in the valley of Little
Falls Branch, above the reservoir, for the storageof dynamite. A black-
smith shop, a storehouse, and other necessary buildings were con-
structed at iK)int8 convenient to the work, and a building was hauled
from the Champlain avenue shaft of the tunnel leading to the new
reservoir near Howard University, to serve as the oflBce of the assistant
en^neer in local charge of the work. A railway about 500 feet long
was constructed for the transportation of material, and a telephone line,
connected with this office, was run to the work.
For the purpose of guarding the proposed shaft in the valley of Little
Falls Branch and the hoisting machinery in floods, a temporary dam
was constructed across the branch at a distance of about 100 feet from
the site of the shaft, and the channel of the branch was changed from
the weRt to the east side of the valley. Careful surveys were made
along the route of the proposed open channels between East and Mill
creeks and between the latter and Little Falls Branch, and borings
were made on the sites for the permanent dams across these streams.
Contracts were made with the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company, of
New York, for liirnishing a 40-horse power boiler, an air compressor,
and other machinery required for driving machine drills; with McMa-
han. Porter & Co., of New Cumberland, W. Va., for re-pressed vitritted
bricks for the invert, and with the Frederick Brick Works, of Fred-
erick, Md,, for common bricks for the main body of the lining of the
tunnel and for the shaft; with James H. McGill, of Washington, D. C,
for Cumberland hydraulic cement, and with the American Forcite
, Powder Manufacturing Company, of New York, for dynamite and
exi)loders.
As soon as the water from Waste Weir No. 2 had been turned into
the liunie and disposed of (July 17), work on the rock excavation of
the open cut was commenced with a gang of drillers and laborers. On
the 24th another 8-hour shift was put on, and on the 29th the excava-
tion of the open cut was completed by the removal of 538^ cubic yards
of rock. Its total length is 70 feet.
On August 1 the excavation of the tunnel was commenced, and
from the 3d of that month, when the third shift was put on, until its
completion on February 6, it was carried on night and day, except on
Sundays and holidays. The excavation, by hand drilling, of the shaft
in the valley of Little Falls Branch was commenced on October 12,
and was completed to the top of the si)ace to be occupied by a water
cushion on January 8. The excavation of the tunnel from its north-
3198 EEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AEMY.
erly end at the bottom of the shaft was then commenced, also by hand
drilling, and carried on until February 3, when the heading met the
heading of the machine drillers working from thesoatherly end. The
excavation for the tannel was 11 feet in diameter and for the shaft it
was 16J feet square. A large portion of the rock through which the
Tunnel passed was very seamy and liable to slips, the joints being filled
with a material resembling mud, and heavy timbering was necessary to
prevent accidents.
The route of the drainage tunnel, passing as it does under Aqueduct
Tunnel No. 4, through which passes the entire water supply for Wash-
ington, especial precautions were taken not to injure the latter tunnel,
which is uulined at the point of crossing, by the dynamite blasts in t>he
former. To this end the drill holes were limited to 3^ instead of 6 feet
in depth, which was the rule in other parts of the tunnel, and the
charges were limited to 1^ pounds of 40 per cent dynamite.
The total number of cubic yards of rock excavation was 3^771, the
cost of which, including the cost of labor, dynamite, and matenals, but
excluding the cost of tools and machinery, was, for the tunnel, $6.20 per
cubic yard, and for the shaft $0.87 per cubic yard.
About 9,000 pounds of dynamite were used in the work.
Taking into consideration the size and shape of the tunnel, the dan-
gerous material encountered, and the continually increasing quantity
of water that poured through the seams of the rock during the sinking
of the shaft, the progress made in this work compares very favorably
with works of similar character in other parts of the country.
One of the headings was driven a distance of 50 feet in one week,
the average weekly distance being 31 feet, and a depth of 8 feet was
made in one week in the shafr, the area of the cross section of which
was 273 S(iuare feet.
After trimming the tunnel for the lining and laying of the concrete
foundation for the vitrified brick invert, the brick lining of the tunnel
was commenced on the 19th of March. It and the portal wall were
completed on June 20. The lining of the shaft, which is 10 feet interior
diameter, was completed to the coping on June 19. The arched lining
of the tunnel is 7 feet interior diameter, and from the center of tt»-^
shaft in the valley of Little Falls Branch to the portal on thesouther^E ::
side of Dalecarlia Hill, its length is 965.6 feet. From the bottom
the invert to a height of 2 feet on the sides, the arch is laid with viti
fied brick to take the wear of the gravel and sand that will pa
through the tunnel. The depth of the shaft from the surface of tl
ground to the bottom of the tunnel is 62 feet, and to the bottom of tl
water cushion it is 70 feet.
For a distance of 10 feet from the shaft the tunnel arch is construct!
entirely of vitrified brick, and, as it supports the lining of the shal
it is, above the springing line, 4 rings thick; for a distance of 11
feet southerly the arch above the vitrified brick invert is 3 rinj
thick; for a fkrther distance of 89.5 feet it is 2 rings thick; for
farther distance of 20 feet (this is under Aqueduct Tunnel No. 4)
is Brings thick, and thence to the south end of the tunnel it is 2 rin]
thick. The spaces between the arches of the tunnel and shaft airr::
the rock were packed very carefully and solidly with rubblestone lar:^
in cement mortar.
There were used for lining the tunnel and shaft 107,878 vitrifi^^
bricks, 231,979 common bricks, and 2,231 barrels of cement.
Much credit is dueMr.F. W.Johnston, my assistant engineer in imm^"
diate charge at the work, for zealous and skillful supervision and ve^*
correct instrumental work, the center lines run from the two ends
i
7b cLCcontpoffj
d
ESng 53 *3
1 r
>»■ 1 1^ ^1 *
vau^
on A^.
To oucjCJOinp
Bng 53 3
/
APPE^^)IX B B B — ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3199
the tannel meeting within one-fonrth of an inch, and the levels for grade
as run from the two ends differing by only ^^^ of a foot; also to Mr.
Peter McAtee, tunnel foreman, for the very efficient performance of
his duties.
The oversight of the work, both by Mr. Johnston and Jlr. McAtee,
was so careful that there was no loss of life, and no man was injured
from the beginning to the end of the work. This is a record of the use
of high explosives in tunnel work that has rarely, if ever, been equaled.
I am ;ilso indebted to Mr. John T. Ensor, U. S. attorney for the dis-
trict of Maryland, for his prompt, efficient, and zealous assistance in
examining and passing upon the titles to the lands that I was required
to purchase for the work.
The main drainage tunnel under Dalecarlia Hill and the shaft in the
valley of Little Falls Branch, the most important and difficult parts of
the project for the improvement of the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir,
are now complete except the coping of the shaft and the retaining
wall in the side of the hill in rear of the shaft, and the appropriation
has been exhausted.
There remains to be done for the completion of the project a short
tunnel through the hill on the easterly side of Little Falls Branch; the
permanent dams across the valleys of Little Falls Branch, Mill Greek,
and East Creek, and the open channels between these streams that are
to conduct all the polluted waters of the watershed of the reservoir into
Little Falls Branch, from which they will pass into the shaft and thence
by the main drainage tunnel around the reservoir and into the Potomac.
When this has been done, the water of the reservoir will be drawn off,
the reservoir will be filled with Potomac water from Great Falls, and
the passage through the reservoir of this water, for which purpose it
was originally constructed, will be renewed. The work can be com-
pleted iu the next fiscal year if the necessary appropriation be made
by Congress.
Accompanying this report will be found plats showing the portal of
the main drainage tunnel and the shaft in the valley of Little Falls
Branch; also the short tunnel through the hill east of Little Falls
Branch yet to be excavated.
Bespecting the latter, and also the open channels between the tunnel
and Mill Creek and between Mill Creek and East Greek, of which a
plan was shown in my last annual report, I have to remark as follows:
The greatest quantity of water (see my last annual rejwrt) that is
likely to pass through this tunnel in the heaviest rainfall, as found by
the Burkli-Ziegler formula, Q=/. H \) j is 418 cubic feet per second.
If we make the interior diameter of the tunnel 7 feet, which is the
diameter of the main drainage tunnel just completed, we can have the
economical advantage of being able to use the " centers" constructed for
the latter tunnel. The velocity with the tunnel running full would then
be 10.86 feet per second. That with this velocity the invert would not
be abraded by sand and pebbles carried along by the water, is shown
by the fact that in Washington there has not been found any abrasion
of inverts of sewers, when made of vitrified brick, from velocities as high
even as 16 feet per second.
,, ,. 1.811 0.00281
41.6 4---- + ^-
By the Kutter formula Y= I nn(i>>^iV.r I VSl, and
* l+(41.6+^--^^);_/
assuming 0.013 as the coefBcieut of the roughness of the brick lining of
3200 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
the tunnel, I find that the slope required to produce this velocity is
0.0041, or 0.41 of a foot in 100 feet.
The open channel from Mill Creek to the tunnel will have to carry
the same quantity of water, viz, 418 cubic, feet per second. In deter-
mining the slppe of this channel I have thought that it would be better
to provide for a velocity too great than one too small. If it be too
great and erosions of the bed should occur at points where the soil is
less resisting, these places can be paved as successively may be found
necessary, whereas if it be too small there would be required an annual
expenditure from the appropriation for maintenance and rei)air of the
aqueduct for removing deposits from the channel. I therefore propose
to i)rovide for a mean velocity of about 4 feet per second. This would be
slightly excessive if the channel should run full, but as the calculation
of 418 cubic feet per second was under the extreme supposition of a
rainfall of 1^ inches per hour over the entire watershed of the reservoir
in a storm of several hours duration, and as the highest rate of rainfall
recorded at the signal office in Washington between June, 1876, and
November, 1892, was only 1.20 inches per hour for one hour, the proba-
bilities are that the channel will never run full.
When it does not run full or nearly full (during the ma^jor part of
the year there will be but a few inches of water in the channel) the
mean velocities will be less and there will be a danger, that can not be
avoided in so changeable a stream, of deposits in the channel.
For a mean velocity of 4 feet per second the waterw:ay wonld require
to have a cross section of not less titan 104.5 square feet. If the chan-
nel be made G feet deep and 0 feet wide at bottom, with side slopes of
one vertical to one and a half horizontal, its cross section would contain
108 square feet, and by the Kutter formula, assuming 0.03 as the v.aluo
of n^ I find that the slope required to enable this channel to csiTry 418
cubic feet per second is 0.0012, or say 1.2 leet in 1,000 feet.
I therefore propose for the tunnel an interior diameter of 7 feet and
a slope of 0.0041 ; to make the open channel between Mill Creek and the
tunnel 6 feet deep and 9 feet wide at bottom with the side slopes just
mentioned, and that the channel shall have a slope of 0.0012.
Under the same supposition of IJ inches per hour rainfall, the chan-
nel from East Creek to Mill Creek will have to carry (see also my last
annual report) 110 cubic feet of water per second. For a mean velocity
of 4 feet per second the cross section of the channel must therefore
have an area of not less than 27^ square feet. A channel 3 feet deep
and 5 feet wide at bottom with the same side slopes as before would
have an area of 28^ square feet. The proper slope or inclination iu
this case would be 0.003, or 3 feet in 1,000 feet, and I propose to make
the channel accordingly.
Estimates for completion of the works of improvement of the Dale
carlia receiving reservoir and purchase of land authorized by the ad
of March 3, 1893, for lowering the height of the cross dam at the dis
tributing reservoir, and for cleaning out the distributing reservoir, will
be found in the list of estimates appended hereto, and explanations ol
the same will be found further on in this report under thetitle "Expla.
nations of estimates.''
THE CONDUIT AND THE CONDUIT KOAD.
For want of funds nothing has been done during the last fiscal year
in the work of removal of deposits in the conduit, which my inspection
of its interior in September, 1891, found to amount to about 15,000 cubic
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3201
yaids. Tlie deposits iuterfere with the full flow of the conduit, and,
vith tbe want of height of the dam at Great Falls, although not to so
great a degree as the latter, they are a cause of a deficiency of water in
the distributing reservoir, which in turn give rise in summer t.) com-
plaints to the District Commissioners from householders in the city.
Tlieir removal requires the emptying of the conduit throughout its
length and the diggihg up and loosening of the deposits and sluicing
them out through the waste gates and valves in the conduit, and is
veiy expensive by reason of the necessity of employment of night
labor, which costs more than day labor, and by reason, also, of its fre-
quent interruptions during the refillings of the distributing reservoir
required to keep up the supply of the city. The work can not be done
by means of the small annual appropriations for rei)air8 of the aqueduct,
and in my estimates of 1892, and again in 1893, 1 asked for an appro-
priation of (14,000 fjjf this purpose, but it has not yet been granted by
Congress.
It is a most important work, and I again include the item in my
annunl estimates.
The deposits in the 7-foot by-conduit at the distributing reservoir were
removed in July. There was a depth of about 2 feet at the influent
gatehouse, and it decreased to about 6 inches at the auxiliary gatehouse.
The trouble heretofore had in oi^ening the wfiste gate in the dam of
wasteweir No. 3 was ended by the making of an iron ratchet for
aianeuvering the gate.
Seven hundred and eighty-four cubic yards of flint rock, purchased
in February, were crushed in Ai)ril and piled on the side of the Conduit
road above the distributing reservoir, for use in the repair of the road
from this reservoir to culvert No. 24 during the next winter. The stone
cost 93 and 95 cents and $1 per cubic yard, and the cost of setting up
the steam crusher, crushing the stone, and piling it was 41 cents i)er
cubic yard.
Sixteen boundary stones were planted between Cabin John bridge
and Griffiths Park bridge (bridge No. 3), and six were planted between
the distributing reservoir and the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir.
TheConduit road, from the intersection of the Foxhall road to the
nppereud of the distributing reservoir, was repaired in February with
^j^88 cubic yards of crushed bluestone, from the quarries on *the Vir-
SJnia side of the Potomac, instead of the white flint rock heretofore
^^\ on this road. The distance is about 5,000 feet, or about 1 mile.
The stone was put on about 4 inches deep, and it was thoroughly rolled
^^th the 15-ton steam roller kindly loaned me by the District govern-
Jjent. I was induced to use bluestone for this repair of the road by
the exorbitant demands of the owners of flint rock in the vicinity as to
Pnces and by an experiment I made respecting the comparative resist-
^^^e to abrasion of bluestone and flint rock. This was made at a
ronndry in a large cylinder termed a ''rumbler," used for cleaning
^•^^tings. The cylinder, partially fllled with 300 pounds of broken stone
^''^1 100 pounds of broken iron castings, was revolved at the rate of 30
I'^volutioiis a minute, the fine material as fast as it was worn from
ihe stone falling out through interstices in the cylinder. The loss of
J^^'^ghtof the bluestone by this process was found to be considerably
p8 than from the flint rock, but experience has since proved that the
^^tter makes by far the better pavement. It is not so dusty in summer
^f inuddy in winter, and this is doubtless due to the fact that the
particles worn from the flint rock are in the form of sand, while those
ENG 94 201
3202 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
from the bluestone make a fine powder. This trial of the relative
values of bluestone and flint rock for macadam was conclusive, and ]
will use no more of the former for repairs of the Conduit road.
The only hill on the Conduit road this side of tlie hills near Grea
Falls is Dalecarlia Hill, near the upper reservoir. It had for severa
years been in a bad condition, espec'ially on its western side, and it wai
very thoroughly repaired in December by covering it with a macadan
pavement over a length of about 650 feet. About 500 cubic yards o
flint rock were used in the work.
Estimates for tbe removal of deposits in the conduit, for raising th
masonry casings of the manholes along the line of the conduit, and fo
commencing the work of widening tbe macadam pavement of the Con
duit road by widening the pavement of the road between the two res
ervoirs, will be found in the list of estimates appended hereto, am
explanations of the same will be found farther o%in this report uude
the title " Explanations of estimates."
THE MAINS.
The trunk mains that lead from the distributing reservoir and suppl;
the distributing system of street mains were laid by the United States
and are under the care of this office. The aggregate length of thes
mains is about 21 miles. The distributing mains were laid by the Dis
trict of Columbia and are under the care of the Commissioners of th
District.
Tberehave been no breaks in the United States mains during the las
fiscal year, and the only labor expended upon them has been in th
driving up of the lead in a few of the joints where it was found necef
sary, and in providing against the bursting in freezing weather of tb
small valves designed for admitting air while emptying the 48-inch am
30-inch mains that were laid under the provisions of the act of Marcl
2, 1889. These valves are at the following places: 2 valves at Thirty
fourth and M streets, 2 valves at Thirty-second and M streets, 1
valves at Twenty-fourth and M streets, 2 valves north of DuponI
Cintle, 2 valves at Fourteenth and R streets, 1 valve at Third and
East Capitol streets.
Our experience in the winter of 1892-'93, when the frost penetrated
tbe ground to a depth of 4 feet, showed the necessity of this precaution
The lines of the trunk mains have been carefully inspected and flushed
monthly, and the valves have been regularly oiled and cleaned during
the year.
An estimate for inserting efficient air valves and blow-off valves ii
the old 30-inch and 36- inch mains will be found in the list of estimates
and explanations of the same will be found farther on in this repon
under the title *' Explanations of estimates."
THE AQUEDUCT LANDS,
I have been unable during the year to extend the surveys of th<
aqueduct lands beyond Griffiths Park bridge, or bridge No. 3, but it ij
my intention to recommence these surveys early in the next fiscal yeai
and to carry them as far toward Great Falls as other necessary worl
and the fimds available will allow.
On April 25 notices were served, by direction of tbe Secretary o
War, on the owners of encroachments on the aqueduct lands developed
APPENDIX B B B ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3203
by previous surveys, to terminate these eDcroacbinents within specified
times and under specified penalties, as follows: Heirs of the late Mrs.
E. Bobinger, E. & E, Baltzley, Ignatius Belt, Benjamin Newman,
Thomas Tuohy.
On the application of the first of these encroaching owners, the Sec-
retary of War granted on May 7, 1894, a revocable license to William
Bobinger to occupy so much of the land of the United States as is cov-
ered by the Cabin John bridge hotel, under the conditions that early
steps be taken by the owner to secure the passage by Congress of an
act to authorize the sale of the land so occupied, and that if he shall
feil to acquire title to said land by April 25, 1895, he shall terminate
his encroachment within three months of the said date. If tbe encroach-
ment be not terminated within said period, the removal of the encroach-
ment may be effected by the United States at the expense of the owners
without any right to damages by him on account thereof, and any sum
that may be expended by the United States for this purpose shall be
repaid by the owner on demand. A bill (S. 2118 and H. li. 7502) has
hf«n introduced at the current session to authorize the Secretary of
War to sell the land in question, and the bill is now pending.
THE BRIDGES.
The wrought-iron riveted girder bridge north of the M street high-
way bridge, which carries the 48-inch main across Rock Creek, was
thoronghly tightened up, and it and the Pennsylvania avenue aqueduct
bridge were painted. Both of the bridges are in excellent condition.
The pavements of Griffiths Park bridge (bridge No, 3) and Cabin
John bridge (bridge No. 4) remain in the same condition as previously
reported, but it is expected that an appropriation will be niJide at tins
session of Congress for the repavemen t of these bridges, there being an
Item of $5,000 for this purpose in the District bill as it has passed the
Honse of Kepresentatives.
I'stimate for replacing the wooden bridge over the spillway at the
l^J'lecarlia receiving reservoir by a stone structure, commensurate in
OBrability and appearance with the other bridges on the line of the
aqnfdnct, will be found in the list of estimates appended hereto, and
e^lanations of the same will be found farther on in this report under
the title "Explanations of estimates.''
§
FILTRATION.
. Every year, mainly in the latter part of winter, when heavy rains fall-
"j^on the watershed of the Potomac and its tributaries, especially the
"henandoah, have fwind the ground loosened up by alternate thawing
^pd freezing, there are complaints in the press and elsewhere of the tur-
bidity of the Potomac water, and the same is true in the spring when
*he fields are plowed. They are not very urgent or very prolonged,
w>r the water soon clears; but as they are sometimes accompanied by
oemands for the filtration of the water, it may be well in this, my last
^J^nual report before retirement from active service, to describe in a
g^i^eral way the two systems of filtration now in use, and to state whjit
^ould be approximately the cost of each if applied tx) the water furnished
to the District of Columbia.
1 should first remark that it seems to be commonly believed that,
although our Potomac water is often so offensive to the eye as to make
3204 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
it appear to be unfit even for bathing purposes, it does not coutaiK
germs of disease and is not unhealthful, I think this belief is wel
founded.
Dr. Busey, president of tiie Medical Society of the District of Colurr
bia, in an address before the Appropriation Committee of the House c
Representatives on June 14 last, urging an appropriation for improvin
the sewerage of the city, stated that no germs of typhoid fever (one
the most dreaded of all disease germs) have been found inPotoai;
River water; and Dr. Wales, recently director in charge of the Musexi
of Hygiene of the Kavy Department, at which daily analyses of X^
water have been made for some years, in a communication to this offi
giving the results of a chemical examiTiation of Potomac water wYx
it was in a turbid condition, • stated that although there are founi
Potomac water five forms of micro-organisms, they are all innocuous a*
are generally present in all river waters, and added that he regard
this w^ater, *' after a careful study for three years bacteriologicalljr,
good as any river water in the world."
That the Potomac water should compare favorably with the "b^
river waters might be inferred from the character of that part of
watershed that is above Great Falls. From the source 6f its nomc
branch, in western Maryland, about 200 miles above Great Falls, foiled
ing the course of t)ie stream; from the source of the south branch
West Virginia, about the same distance, and from the source of its pr^ '
cipal tributary, the Shenandoah, about 175 miles above the falls, t>
country i^ mostly wooded and mountainous. There are butafewlai^
towns on these streams, and I understand that none of them aresewer«=^
The following table gives the names of the principal towns abo
Great Falls on the Potomac and its tributaries, with their populati-^
and distances above the falls, stated approximately :
Towne.
Distances
nbovo
G real Falls.
Popn^
tion^
MiU$.
44
0
54
h0
54
2.*
75
1.2=
84
gr
84
Hr-
127
12,-5
147
l,e
152
l,is
Harpers Ferry, W. Va
Shephcrdstown, W. Va
Charlcstowii, W. Va ..
Williairisport, Md
Front Ko.val. Va
Hancock. Md
Cumberland. Md
Kevner, W. Va
Piedmont. W.Va
The foregoing table, when considered in connection with the weT
established fact that rivers, especially those that flow over rocks air
dams and those that have wide surfaces exposed to the sun and aS
tend to purify themselves, gives assurance that under ordinary co-
ditions we have little to fear from our Potomac water.
As an example of the self-purification of rivers, I may mention xT
river Limmat in Switzerland, Avhich, receiving at its upper end t—
Color Yellowish.
Odor None.
Turbidity Considerable.
Sediment Slight.
Kesliliie on evajioration 169
Loss in ij^nition 97
Fixed solids 72
* [Expressed in parts per million.]
Free ammonia 0.
Albnmiuoid ammonia 0^
Nitrites (as nitrogen) N^c:
Nitrates (as nitrogen) I —
Chlorine <^-
Hardness
\
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3205
pure wat^r of Lake Zurich, found by analysis to be purer than spring
water, is polluted about 2 miles below the lake by the sewage of Zurich,
H city of about 93,000 inlMibitants. This sewage amounts to about 0.2
per ceut of the total flow of the river, and it contaminates the river to
such a degree that nearly a million bacteria, in their various forms, per
cubic ceutimeter (a centimeter is about two-fifths of an inch), are some-
times found in the water just below the outflow of the sewage into the
river.
In 1889 a series of weekly bacteriological investigations, extending
from January to April (see Appendix 4), was very carefully made by
the Hygienic Institute of Zurich to determine from samples of water,
taken from the river at measured intervals below the outfall of the
^^wage, whether the sewage rendered the water below Zurich unfit for
doiuestic purposes and for pisciculture.
1 1 was found that at tlie point where the sewage enters the river the
^aterof the river contained on an average 290,070 bacteria to the cubic
ceutimeter; that at a point about one-third of a mile below the number
^f bacteria had decreased to an average of 12,870 per cubic ceiitime-
^^*'» a decrease of 96 per cent; that of this number there was found
^^ a point about one third of a mile further down the river 10,892 bac-
^^Ha per cubic ceutimeter, a decrease of 15 per cent; that of this
IJ^niber there was found at a point about five-eighths of a mile still
*^rtber down 5,902 bacteria per cubic centimeter, a decrease of 46 per
^^ut J and so on down the river to a point where the' water was found
r^ t>e as pure as at its issue from the lake, and the conclusion was
_^aelied that "under the conditions described, and provided there are
?*^ intermediate sources of jiollution, a river such as the Limmat, flow-
^j8 at a mean velocity of about 4 miles per hour, will purify itself
^J tliiii a distance of about 16 miles from the point of pollution." Details
^ tlie very full and complete experiments at Zurich will be found in
^Pl)endix 4. The entire paper from which they have been taken, which
^Utiiins in addition very interesting accounts of the thorough system
^£ bacteriological and chemical examinations of the Limmat water, and
. * the new filtration works of that citv, may be found in the Proceed-
^^^8 of the Institution (British) of Civil Engineers, Vol. oxi, 1892-'93,
^^^rt 1. The experiments on the water of the Limmat seem to be con-
-**Usive in respect of that river, but they should not lead to the taking
•|^^ domestic purposes of the water of any other river polluted by the
^^a.inage from a sewered town, except at such a distance below the
j^^^iDt of pollution that there can be no question as to the quality of
*■ be water.
^^d while the conditions are thus all favorable to the healthfulness of
^tix Potomac water, I think it would be wise to attach to the next
^JPpropriation for the Washington Aqueduct, with a special appropria-
tion for the purpose, if necessary, a provision of law for a systematic
*^ontbly chemical and bacteriological examination of it as it is sent to
yb^ city from the distributing reservoir, the examinations to be made
^y tlie Department of Agriculture or the Smithsonian Institution, and
^^e results to be sent to this office for publication in the annual reports
^^ the Washington Aqueduct.
I will now proceed to describe the two principal systems of filtration
^^'<1 state the cost of each system.
Mechanical or rapid filtration.— ^'' Mechanical filtration is a somewhat
3206 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
broad term used to denote those systems of water purification in w
an exceedingly rapid rate of filtration is made possible by meai
mechanical devices for frequent, quick, and thorough washings of
filtering materials without removing them from the filter."
The filters of tbis system, which is called the American system
cylinders of iron or steel containing filtering material, which is
erally sand, and are extensively used by paper-makers, bottlers, b
ers, ice-makers, laundrymen, and in other similar occupations. 1
are used also for the filtration of the pubhc water supplies of se\
American cities, but so far none of the larger cities of this country 1
established filtration works for their entire water supplies. The c
dors are made vertical, in sizes up to 12J feet in diameter and 16
high, and horizontal, in sizes up to 7^ feet in diameter and 35 feet 1
The numbers of filters are regulated by the quantity of water t
« filtered. The cleansing of the sand is ordinarily done by means
reverse current of water during the stirring up of the sand by a
with long vertical teeth, which is revolved horizontally by machi
through the sand. The cleansing is done daily or oftener, depen
on the turbidity of the water.
In the American system the fall in the column of water above
sand i^ at the rate of 5 inches or more a minute, making a yiel
filtered water of 3,000 to 4,000 gallons per square foot of filter sui
per diem. This rapid rate is i)roduced either by a great pressui
head of water on the sand by which the water is forced at a rapid
through it, or by frequent cleansing of the sand for the purpof
removing obstructions to a rapid passage of the water, or by both
The objection to the first is that fissures or channels are liable t
forced through the sand through which the water may pass without
modification, and the objection to the second is that clean sand a
does not make an eft'ecti ve filter against bacteria contained in the wi
This latter objection, it is cl«iimed, has been overcome by the ue
alum, which is said to combine with the carbonate of lime, existing
greater or less degree in all natural waters, and to form a jelly-like
stance (hydrate of alumina) on the .surface and in the interstices oi
sand, which collects and retains the bacteria contained in the w
until, after the stopping of the inflow, the reverse current is turne
and the sand is cleaned.
The amount of alum used, which varies with the turbidity oi
water, is ordinarily about three-fifths of a grain to a gallon of wi
It is one of the principal items of expense in this system. At Atla
Ga., 70,032 pounds of alum were used in filtering the 756,702,600 gal
of water used by that city in 1889. At this rate there would be reqi
for our Washington supply of about 50,000,000 gallons per diem /
pounds of alum per diem, or 1,905,300 pounds per annum, the co
which, at 2 cents per pound, would be $38,106.
By some the use of alum is objected to as dangerous to health, h
is claimed by the owners of the patent and makers of the filters ths
alum passes through the sand and that none can be found in w
filtered by this system when the process is used as directed. ^
testimonials to this eifect and of the general excellence of this syj
accompany the advertisements of these filters, but this, it maj
remarked, is the case with the advertisements of all patented arti
There is one point in connection with these filters that I have
seen mentioned. After the sand has been cleansed, and the w
again passes downward through the sand, a certain time must elj
before the alumina jelly, on which the efficiency of the filter asaga
the bacteria depends, is again formed on the surface and in the it
APPENDIX BBB ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3207
Slices of the sand and replaces tbat which has been washed away by
the reverse current, together with the djrt retained by the filter.
Until this tinie it is obvious that the water passing through the filter
should be wasted and not sent into the mains, but as far as I have
observed this has not been done in any use of this system for the
purification of public water supplies.
In my judgment this system should in no case be applied to our
Washington water supply, which would require probably two hundred
or more filters of the largest size, before it has been thoroughly tested
without expense to the United States or the District of Columbia.
This could be done at a cost not exceeding $5,000 by means of a single
filter through which is made to pass, for such length of time as may be
deemed expedient, water filled with bacteria, cultivated for the pur-
pose, if necessary, and comparing the results with the knoVn results*
of the other system of filters about to be described. The test for color
should also be made at the same time, and the water for testing should
betaken from the conduit immediately after one of our heavy spring
freshets.
Natural or slow filtration. — ^This is the system that has been in use
for the purification of public water supplies of Euroi)e for a very long
Period. The water of London, Berlin, Hamburg, and other large cities
js filtered by this system, the most extensive application of it being at
J^»»don, where about 200,000,000 gallons are filtered daily. The system
"^s also been in use in several cities of this country, and is not
patented.
A filter (filter bed) of this systdhi is a small basin generally of an
^re or less in size, with water-tight side walls of masonry or of earth
P^ved with masonry. The number of beds required in any case
^^Pends on the daily supply of filtered water required. On the bottom
®* the bed, which is also water-tight, a large drain extends longituili-
iiallyfrom end to end of the bed and discharges through the wall into
^ filtered water basin. From this central drain extend, so as to drain
^^'ery part of the bed, small drains of perforated tile pipes. Above this
^y»Mem of small drains are placed several layers of filtering material,
increasing in fineness to the top. The lower layer is generally formed
^* small stones or broken stone, then, proceeding upward, there is
^arse gravel, then fine gravel, then coarse sand, and lastly, at top, the
?*tering material proper, which is fine sand. The aggregate depth of tlie
*^3er8 and the depth of each layer are not uniform in the different
^*,^ntries and In the different cities of the same country, but they vary
^*th the materials available and the judgment of the engineers. The
^^Sregate thickness of the layers is usually from 6 to 8 feet and the
^*^ickness of the sand is from 2 to 4 feet. On this latter depth; the
^^rth or pressure of water on the sand, and the degree of cleanness of
^^«Kand, mainly depend the vertical rate of fall of the column of water
^■^ove the sand, the rate and the duration of the percolation of water
^^rough the sand, and the yield of filtered water per square foot of
5v^**J* surface, and on them, in turn, depends the degree of efficiency of
^^ filter, especially as against bacteria.
1^* 'thas been stated in the foregoing description of mechanical filters
^?^t clean sand alone in not eft'eetive as against bacteria and that with
^** use of these filters it is found necessary to dissolve alum in the
^ '^^er to be filtered; that this forms a jelly-like substance on the sur-
x^^*^ and in the interstices of the sand, and this, it is chaimed, prevents
-.^^teria from i)assing through these filters.
* A reductip» of bacterJA of 99.9 per cent at Berlin.
3208 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
In the European or natural system of slow filtration, the efficiency
of the filters depends on the slimy deposit that commences at once to
form on the surface of the sand and in its interstices, and which, when
in sufficient quantity, not only collects, but consumes and destroys the
bacteria.* t
When the deposit forms to such a degree as to impede too much the
percolation of water, the upper portion of the sand is removed, and at
proper intervals the entire body of sand is replaced by fresh sand.
From time to time, as is found necessary, the water is drained from the
sand and the filter is allowed to rest. The air which replaces the water
oxidizes any organic matter that remains in the sand.
In order to protect the water from the heat of summer and from freez-
ing in winter filter beds in this climate should be roofed.
When a filter bed is first put in operation and afterwards, after e^ch
of these changes, the water passing through tlie filter is allowed to run
to waste for about ten days or two weeks until it is found to be chemi-
cally and bacteriologically pure by a chemist and biologist constantly
employed at the filtration works.
The vertical rate of foil of water in the European system is not allowed
to exceed a rate of about 4 inches an hour, making a yield of filtered
water of Irom 50 to 100 gallons per square foot of filter surface. As has
been stated, the rate of vertical fall of the column of water above the
sand in the mechanical or American system is 5 inches or more a minute
or 25 feet or more an hour, making a yield of 3,000 to 4,000 gallons per
diem of filtered water per square foot of filter surface. The interstices in
the sand, occupying as they do abcJut one-third of the body of the sand,
the downward rate of percolation through the sand in the European
*** It is easy to see how the filters remove the dirt and suspended, matter, but the
way in which bacteria were eliminated was a complete mystery until the last four
or five years. But few people had ever seen or examined bacteria before that period.
It now has been shown that the bacteria remove the bacteria. The bacteria in the
waters are comparatively few of a dangerous character; the great bulk of them aro^
our greatest fneuds. It is through their aid, together with the oxygen of the aiY
that the filth in the water is destroyed. They feed upon it and they feed upon ea.c
other. Since that knowledge has been obtained, the object now is to cultivate t~
bacteria. In order to make the filter bed do its work effectively it is necessary tl^
the growth of the bacteria shall be facilitated until a filter bed becomes popula%r^-<
w^ith an incredible number of millions of them. As the result of their activity tl-m
multiply themselves in vast numbers, and they form, at the top* of the filter beds
between particles of sand, a sort of jellj' or slime — a bacteria jelly — and it is by
aid of this bacteria jelly that the bacteria in the untiltered water are removes^
(Prof. Leeds, of Stevens Institute.)
t" On examining with the microscope the surfaces of the particles of sand w
the filter is in perfect working order, they are found to be coated with a gre
slimy substance, which is a mass of bacteria jelly. It is to this coating of bac
jelly that Peifke attributes the efficiency of these filters, and until the jelly form
sufficient amount to completely envelop each pcarticle of sand the filter works img^
fectly. This, then, is his explanation of the fact that minute microorganisms ^
particles of clay of infinitely smaller size than the channels in the aand are stop
m their passage through it — they are simply caught in this slimy coating and
not ^et farther."
The latter extract is from a paper by Thomas M. Drown, read before the Boe
Society of Civil Engineers and published in the .loumal of the Association of K
neeriug Societies, July, 1890. In the advertisements ot the American filters it is
that the jelly of hydrate of alumina used with them is a far more cleanly agent t
thejelly above described and this forms one of the chief claims of excellence of
American system, but it should be remembered that as the deposit of bacteria,
from the water commences to form on the surface and in the interstices of the m
in tlie American system as soon a.s the liltration commeiict'S and constantly incre^
in quanlitj' until the sand is cleansed, the filtering in the American system is S% *
donethrotiijh the j«*lly formed in the natural system, and that this cannot beavoxcz^"
in any system of tilteratiou.
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON- AQUEDUCT. 3209
system is therefore about 1 foot an hour, and in the Amerujan system
is about 75 feet or more an hour. The depth of sand in the European
system being on an average, say 3 feet, and in the American system on
an average say 5 feet, it follows that water in process of filtering is, in
the European system, in contact with the filtering sand about three
liours and in the American system about four minutes.
In Europe no subject connected w^ith health has had in recent years
so much careful and scientific investigation as the filtration of public
water supplies. The Imperial Board of Health of Berlin, of which
Prof. Koch, the discoverer of the microbes of consumption and cholera,
is a member, has formulated the rules by which filtration should be
conducted. In this country also, especially at Lawrence, Mass., the
experiments with filtration have been most thorough and conclusive.
On a stateiAent by the State Board of Health of Massachusetts that
**no mechanical filter examined by it removed enough bacteria to war-
rant the board in recommending the city to accept it," the city of Law-
rence entered upon the construction of a system of natural filtration
Avorks which for efficiency are probably not excelled in any country,
and the result has been that typhoid fever, from which the city for-
merly suffered severely by reason of pollution of its water supply (the
river Merrimac) from the sewered city of Lowell a few miles above, has
been almost completely eradicated.
COST OF FILTRATION W^ORKS AND COST OF MAINTENANCE.
The city of Providence, E. I., has very recently had in competition
as to cost the two systems of filtration, and it furnishes the basis of
close calculations as to the first cost and cost of maintenance of the
two systems if applied to the Washington water supj^ly.
1 quote the following extracts from a letter dated July 26 last, that
f received from Mr. J. Herbert Shedd, city engineer of Providence,
*^ answer to my inquiries:
The proposition to fiiniish mechanical filters to the city of Providence included
meerection of 60 steel filters, 12 feet«8 inches in diameter and 16 feet high, with aU
"'table appurtenances and piping, housed in a brick building about 52 by 670
n« i' ^^^^ an engine-room annex 51 by 62 feet for $280,896. There was also
p!jfj«ded $15,000 for earth filling about the building and $1,100 for raising the stand-
th «^^ give the necessary increased pressure required by the lo.ss of liead through
tith^^^- This provides for the filtration of 15,000,000 gallons per day, but at a
tiQ^^^ slower rat« than the filter company deemed necessary, they thinking it prac-
iti^^}^ to do the work with 45 such filter tanks. The estimated cost of maintain-
^ ^bese filters based upon our experiments is as follows :
t'n • *** of alumina at 2 cents, including delivery $25. 70
W'^ineers, 2 men, at $2.50 $5.00
?ir '^iug, 2 men, at $2 4.00
XjJ^nien, 2 men, at $2 4.00
^l^iilar washing, 2 men, at $2 4.00
W 17.00
W^J^r for washing, at $10 per 1,000,000 gallons 7.35
Oj»v*^r for rewashing 4. 35
\li?i*^tic Boda 1«.35
Co^^andoil 50
Pounds.
X>nmps 2,666
Stirring 2,000
Lighting 1,500
Sundries 1,067
^ 7, 233=3.61 tons, at $r*. 18. 05
^^logical and chemical assistant 5. 00
DaUy cost, say 94. 30
3210 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
The proposed constrntion for natnral filtration, provided for six basins havin
effective filtration area each of 150 by 300 feet, DiaKing a little over an acre for
bed with necesHary inlet's, with racks, screens, channels, pipes, gates, etc., to
the water from the river as now existing through the Altera and into the clear well
existing. These bods would filter 15,000,000 gallons per day, passing a vertical d
of about 3 inches per hour and at the rate of about 2,000,000 imperial galloni
acre. My estimate of the cost of doing this work was $208,000. A bid has
received from responsible contractors offering to do the work for $200,000.
From tlie best information I am able to obtain as to the cost of maintaining
cleaning these filters, the cost ought not to exceed $1 per million gallons per da;
we add to this $5 jier day for biological assistant to make it comparable witi
estimate of cost of maintaining the mechanical filter, we should have relative!
per day for natural filtration and about $94 per day for filtration with alum.
» # » « « *
The color of our water, which is not high, is reduced about one-half by slow f
tion. It is reduced a little more, but not to a marked degree, by the use of a
The color of the Boston water supply is reduced about one- half by slow filtri
without alum. The color of the Hudson river water at Poughkeepsie is not n
reduced by slow filtration. It can be nearly removed by the use oi alum, but 1
this requires an excessive amount of the chemical. The Massachusetts boai
health found at Brockton that quite an inadmissible amount of alum was u
sary to clarify the water b^' that process.
The first cost and the annual costof maintenance of the works requ
for the-filtration of the water now consumed and wasted in Washing
about 50,000,000 gallons per diem, and also for the filtration of 75,000
gallons per diem (to which amount our consumption and waste
probably attain considerably within ten years) at the above rates (a
deducting the cost of earth works and raising the standpipe from
price of the mechanical filters at Providence) would be as follows:
First cost (50,000,000 gaUons per diem) :
For natural or slow filtration $66(
For mechanical or rapid filtration 88c
First cost (75,000,000 gallons per diem) :
For natural or slow filtration , 1, 00(
For mechanical or rapid filtration 1,324
These amounts do not include the cost of the land required for
filtration works, the cost of filtered water basins, or the cost of
changes that would be required at the reservoirs.
Annual cost of maintenance (50,000,000 gallons per diem) :
For natural or slow filtration $24, 3S
For mechanical or rapid filtration 114, d€
Annual cost of maintenance (75,000,000 gallons per diem) :
For natural or slow filtration 36, 5C
For mechanical or rapid filtration 171,55
CONCLUSION.
Under present conditions there appears to be no cause for apprel
sion respecting the healthfulness of Potomac water as delivered by
river into the intake of the aqueduct at Great Falls.
It appears that without the use of alum, or with this use if the a
be used in quantities not prejudicial to health, the color of the wj
that exists after freshets in the Potomac can only be partially remo
by filtration.
For these reasons, and for the reason that of the 200 gallons of wj
or more per capita per diem that are consumed and wasted, it is pi
able that not more than an average of 60 gallons, or one-quarte:
used for strictly domestic purposes, and that this portionin its deli^
through the mains can not be separated from the remainder, it sen
to me beyond doubt that as long as the present conditions continue
great expenditures that would be required for the first cost of filtral
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.
3211
works for oar water suj>ply, and the annual cost of maintenance of tbese
works would not be justifiable, and that, for the present at least, reli-
ance should be had on sedimentation.
It is expected that when the works of improvement required for
restoring to use the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir shall have been com-
pleted, at the end of this fiscal year, the time during which the water
may be "settled" before it is sent to the city from the distributing res-
ervoir will be 80 much increased (it will be doubled) that the condition
of the water as tacolor after high- water and freshets in the Potomac
and its tributaries will be much improved, and that when the new res-
ervoir near Howard University, which is to contain 300,000,000 gallons
of water, shall have been finished and brought into use, there will be
but little to be desired in respect of the quality of our water supply.
In Api)endix 5 will be found a copy of a useftil and interesting paper
on the subject of natural or slow filtration by Prof. William T. Sedg-
wick of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
MEASUREMENT OF DAILY AND HOURLY CONSUMPTION AND WASTE OF WATER.
[Hoorly and total flow from the distribntinji^ reservoir for the twenty-four hourtt ending at 8 a. m.
Jane 28, 1894. City temperature in the shade at 2 p. iu. June 27, 86<3.]
Hour.
Jwiejr.from-
J;n».t«9a.m...
f»-»n.toiOa.in..
f*m.tona.m.
J *»n. to 12 noon
}P>n.to2p m..
!P*«'to3p.in..
;P m.to7p.m..
iJ-»».to8p.m..
;5-2.to9;.m..
'P-m. to 10 p.m.
Outflow
per hour.
OaUons.
2, 218. 490
2, 215, 097
2. :»0. 314
2. 070, 912
2. 205. 886
2. 065, 338
2, 109. 958
2. 059, 632
2. 193, 768
2, 190. 857
2,051,036
2, 048, 340
1, 773, 022
1. 634, 818
Outflow
per hour.
June 27, from — OaUons.
10 p. m. to 11 p. m 1, 905, 082
11 p. m. to 1 2 midnight 1, 631, 037
June 28, from — i
12 midnight to 1 a.ra ! 1,900,670
1 a.m. t-o2 a. m.
2 a. m. to3 a. m.
3 a. m. to4 a. m.
4 a.m. to 5 a. m.
5 a. ni. to 6 A. m.
6 A.m. to 7 a. m.
7 a. m. to 8 a. m.
1, 491, 718
1,490.251
1,759,315
1, 892, 357
2. 159. 785
2, 560. 715
3. 093, 959
Total • 49,162,357
If
*'*'*»i«n/« of daily conHumption and waate of water in the city in the last fincal year.
Date.
Gallons.
S'*"^«i
Xh
^fsda
*y. March 29. 1894 43, SO.'i, 274
y . June 28, 1894 ! 40, 162, 357
int *^ ^^*'^^'^ of leaks in. the gates in the dam at waste weir No. 2 which
fj^^'^^red with the work of excavation of the main drainage tunnel at
If,^ ^alecarlia receiving reservoir, and which would be increased by
tji^^^^ug and raising the water in the conduit, and by reason also that
di, /^Jling* oft' of the supply from Great Falls rendered it unwise to
tj^^^lilsh the head of water in the distributing reservoir when it could
tj^^^'oided, I measured the daily consumption and Maste but twice in
^ fiscal year.
i212 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEEST, U.-*. _,_
Consumption and waste of water in the cUy^ as measured annually in the latter part of •/'•cne
of each yeur, from 1874 to 1894 f both inclusive.
Year.
Gallons.
Year.
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
188U
17, 554, 848
21, 000, 000
24, 177, 797
23, 252, 932
24, 885, 945
25, 947, 642
25, 740. 138
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
Gallons.
26, 525, 991
29, 727. 864
24,314,715
24.827,113
25,219,194
25, 542, 476
26, 878, 424
Year.
1888
1889
1890*
1891
1892
1893
1894
Galloi
29, im. 774
27, 70«. 779
35,&41,g45
38. 50*. 743
41, 101.780
46, 7:ST, 108
49. 16:>.357
of
* Forty-6ight-iDch main addod to the supply.
It will have been observed from the above table that the consumptiou
and waste in the city has increased from about 27,500,000 gallons per
day in 1889, the year before the 48-inch main was put in operatiou*, to
more than 49,000,000, or nearly double the former quantity.
The last census (the police census of June, 1892) of the cities of
Washington and Georgetown found that the population, excluding tiic
*'county," was 228,002. Dividing this number into the number of g'**'
Ions of water consumed and wasted on June 28 we find the daily ra*t^
per capita to be 215 gallons.
While this calculation is not strictly accurate, for the reason tha*- ^*
excludes the unknown increase of population since June, 1892, and ^^^
the further reason that while the major i)ortion of the population of *^K^
"county'' is not supplied with Potomac water a comparatively sir*^"
number of persons in that section is so supplied, it is sufficiently cl^^
to show that the quantity of water wasted is greater than can J^
afforded before the supply from Great Falls can be increased by *'l*^
raising of the height of the dam as urged elsewhere in this report.
No complaints as to the condition of the water, except in respec
its turbidity, have been made during the year.
Statements of tUe condition of the water in the distributing res^^^*
voir as it is supplied to the mains leading to the city after pass*^*^
through the reservoir will be found in Appendix 1. A copy has b
furnished monthly to the Museum of Hygiene of the Navy J)epartm
since June, 1891, at the request of the medical director in charge,
statement of the total number of days during the fiscal year 189^
r)n which the water at Great Falls, at the Dalecarlia receiving reserv
and at the distributing reservoir was clear, slightly turbid, turbid, s
very turbid will be found in the same appendix.
A table showing the ])ressures on the United States mains for ev
day in the year, as recorded on the gauges in the office of the W
ington Aqueduct, will be found in Appendix 2,
MISCELLANEOUS.
In addition to the foregoing work of the last fiscal year, stated uu
the appropriate headings, I have to note the following:
An examination of the telephone line that connects the two re
vows and Great Falls with this office, showing that many of the pc^
w^ere decayed and in an unsafe condition, the butts of Gry jxiles
cut off and the poles reset and 9 new poles were planted.
The District authorities having changed the system of sewerage-
the block in which the aqueduct office is situated, in order to allow
[jlosing up of an open sewer that was a menace to the health of
dcinity, it was found necessary to lay a special sewer from the o
Elock Greek, which was done in January.
i
\i
I
|3
er
P
'11
h
♦
.11
la
.a
:^
IT
14
it
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3213
Extensive repairs were made on the aqueduct stable, on the fence at
the distributing reservoir, and in this office.
Shade trees (alternate lindens and tulip trees) were planted at the
distributing reservoir to replace some of those that had been planted
iu the previous fiscal year and had failed to live.
On May 28 I inspected the sandstone quarries at Seneca, Md., per-
taining to the Washington Aqueduct.
The Secretary of War on January 9, 1894, granted to J. P. Clark a
rev(K!abIe license to construct a plank walk along the Conduit road
from Foxhall road to Albauy street.
Strong iron doors were hung at the outlet from the waste gate in the
dam at wasteweir No. 3 and at the oi^enings to the chambers in the
abutments of Cabin John bridge to prevent access to these chambers
I of unauthorized persons.
Supt. R. C. Smead, Chief Clerk Simon Newton until January, 1894,
and Pickering Dodge since that date, valve-tender and machinist Thomas
. f'erguson, and the other employes of the aqueduct have been faithful
in the performance of their responsible duties. Thomas Sullivan, John
Halloran, and Daniel Harrington, for many years watchmen gatekeepers
at Great Falls and at the reservoirs, in addition to their other duties,
have skillfully and energetically acted as foremen of laborers engaged
ou the works of repair of their respective divisions of the aqueduct.
On reference from the Chief of Engineers reports on the following
Wis introduced in the Fifty -third Congress, first and second sessions,
have been made by me during the fiscal year:
S. 871, Fifty-third Congress, first session, "A bill to authorize the
^rfolk and Western Eailroad Company, of Virginia, to extend its line
^^ road into and within the District of Columbia, and for other pur-
poses.^
H.R. 6040, Fifty-third Congress, second session, "A bill to amend an
^^ entitled 'An act to incorporate the Washington and Great Falls
^'^^ctric Kailway Company.' "
^» 1351), Fifty -third Congress, second session, ''A bill to amend an act
PProved July fifteenth, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, entitled
.5^ BiCt to increase the water supply of the city of Washington, and for
^^5^1* purposes.'''
Q^- 19()0, Fifty-third Congress, second session, '^A bill to authorize the
^at Falls Powej* Company to use electricity for light and x)ower pur-
^^^a iu tbe District of Columbia."
autk ^^^^ ^^^- ^' "''"^^^')' ^^i%-t^ii'd Congress, second session, ''A bill
^.^^Orizing the sale of title of United States to a tract of land in Mont-
,5^^ry County, Maryland, to William H. and George Bobinger."
C^j ^« Secretary of War on May 14, 189-1, granted permission to the
(j^ '^^inissioners of the District of Columbia to construct under specified
r^^^^itions a sewer from the Girls' lieform School across the Conduit
[>^:ji and the aqueduct lands to Little Falls Branch, below the dam of
'**^carlia receiving reservoir.
;^^^^ the request of the District water office, permission was granted
i^^^ise the height of the water in the high-service reservoir on lioad
l^j^^^t in Georgetown 2^ feet, or to the height of 220^ feet above
EXPLANATIONS OF ESTIMATES.
^^t is my duty to call especial attention to several works that are
^ Sently needed. Most of them were mentioned in my last annual
^t>Drt, and in several previous reports, but have not been acted on by
^tigress.
3214 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Raising the height of the dam at Great Falls. — Respectiu^^ this wor
quote the following from my last annual report:
Diiriug the last Biimmer aud fall the Potomac at Great Falls was at a lower et
than has over before beeu known within the memory ot' the oldest inhabitant,
seventy-two days the gange above tlie dam showed a depth of water on the dan
only abont 7 inches, aud on five days it showed but 6 inches. The crown of thee
dnit arch at Great Falls is 151 feet al>ove datnm and the crest of the dam is 148 1
above datum. The conduit was therefore (in respect of its diameter) only ab
three-fourths full at its head. A similar deticiency now obtains every year dur
the time of low water at Great Falls, and at sufh times, the weather being asm
lint and dry and the consumption and waste in the city greatly increased, I h
found ever since I laid the 48-inch main that tiio height of the dam is not suiiici
during a considerable portion of every year to enable the conduit to deliver into
distributing reservoir as much water us is now consumed and wasted in thee
and at the same time kevp up the head in the mains to 146 feet above datnm, tchich w i
ensary for the supply by gravity of the high northern portions of the city and of Cap
Hill. The only remedy for this deticiency, which reduces pressures everywhen
the city and is annually increasing, except the enactment of a law recjuiring the
of meters by all consumers of Potomac water, is one that must be made before ;
further steps are taken for increasing the supjily from the distributing reserv
either by the tunnel to the new reservoir near Howard University, or by and
main. It is the raising the height of the dam at Great Falls. In other wo
before providing additional means of supplying to the city more water /rom the
tributing reservoir, it will be necessary to be able to send more wat«r from Gi
Falls into this reservoir.
I estimate the cost of raising the height of the dam, t )gether \v
the cost of such other works as may be found necessary in connect
therewith, including the cost of strengthening the conduit aud iucl
ing also payment for damages on account of flooding of lauds i
other damages, at $125,000.
As soon as an appropriation can be had for the work it is propo
to raise the height of the dam 2J feet, or to the height of 150.5 1
above datum. This would not only have the eftect of filling the c
duitat its intake at the lowest stages of the river, but the increase
the head of the water over the distributing reservoir would incre
the velocity through the cimduit, and the result would be an eatima
increase in the supply to the reservoir of about 20,000,000 gallons
diem.*
1 find among the interesting and instructive notes that I recei^
from the late Gen. Meigs and have carefully filed for the informatioi
the officers in future charge of the aqueduct, one dated March 1, li
of which the following is an extract:
The original design was to set the lip of the dam at the Great Falls at the he
of 150 feet above tide, for which height all the profiles and waste weirs were bi
The back filling over the conduit would now allow a height of water some 2
higher than the dam to flow safely through the conduit, and, if needed, ano
foot or two and corresponding widening of the embankments would fit the aqnei
to convey, with increased height of dam lip, a very much increased flow of wat<
the city.
Improving the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir. — One of the most b<
ficial appropriations ever made for the Washington Aqueduct since
completion in 1803 was the appropriation of $60,000 made in the ac
March 3, 1893, for improving the receiving reservoir by the wo
re^iuired for cutting off the drainage into it of polluted waters and s
age from the surrounding country, for the purchase or condemnatioi
the small amount of land required for the purpose, and for the excii
tion necessary at the head of the reservoir, with the provisions that
whole cost of the work shall not exceed $150,000, and that the w
* This is under the supposition that the appropriation hereinafter recomuien
will be made for removing the accumulation of deposits in the condnit.
I
APPENDIX B B B ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3215
should be done by contract or otherwise, as the Secretary of War might
determine.
The object and plan of this improvement were fully described in my
last annual report, and the work accomplished during the last nscal
year has been stated in detail in this report under the heading " The
reservoirs." By means of the $60,000 appropriated for the work the
main drainage tunnel under Dalecarlia hill, nearly 1,000 feet long, has
been completely finished, and it has been very carefully lined with
brick, exhausting the appropriation.
There remains to be done a short tunnel through the hill which lies
I to the east of Little Falls branch, the open channels between the thre^
streams that empty into the reservoir, and the permanent dams across
these streams. The estimate submitted is necessary for these pur-
poses, and it is earnestly hoped that this amount will be appropriated
before the close of the current session of Congress for the completion
of the work.*
Storage yard. — In my last annual report I stated the necessity for a
yard near the aqueduct office for the storage of articles that are neces-
sary for repairing any breaks that may occur in the 21 miles of trunk
mains belonging to the United States. The storage yard on the bank
of Hock Creek, in rear of and pertaining to the aqueduct office, is entirely
jiasuited to the purpose. It is too low, and the route from it to the
level of the street being steep and tortuous, before the very Leavy cast-
ings required for these repairs could be hauled out much damage and
<iestrnction of property might be done. I quote my former remarks on
^s subject and renew the estimate submitted:
^ have provided supplioB for use in case of breaks in the 48-inch and other mains,
J^njpriging sections of pipe, curves, crosses, reducers, sleeves, etc., a heavy wagou
jw hauling thein where needed, lifting jacks, and efficient pumps ; also machinery for
Jowering the pipes in the trenches, and the implements and material required for
'""Jdling and calking.
-^portion of these supplies has been placed in a yard which I have arranijed on the
PyWic land at the distributing re8er\'oir, for use in the country portions of the routes
^j the mains, and the remainder for use in the city portions of these routes has been
p*<'e(l in a portion of Twenty-seventh street, near M-street bridge, which has been
o^ned for the purpose by the District eovemment until the street is wanted for
-As We Bhall not be able, probably, to retain this place, exceptfor a short time, a
^^*Hanent yard in the city should be purchased for use as a storage yard. It should
J^^arthis office, and at or near the grade of the street, so that the heavy castings
"machinery required for repairs can be quickly gotten out.
i,^.."*lieve that a suitable lot can be obtained by purchase, or if need be by condem-
^^^^, for $10,000, and I recommend an appropriation of this amount for the purpose.
Call** my last annual report and in several previous annual reports, I
i^e • attention to several other works that in my judgment were
^iji^ired for the improvement, the preservation and repair of the aque-
l^^y and submitted estimates of their cost. No approi)riation8 having
^^^ iriade for these works I renew the estimates of their cost and restate
jPlanations of their necessity :
^ *ff«fi»,V the macadam pavement of the Conduit road. — The present macadam pave-
e^^t of the Conduit road was only made wide enough (about 12 feet) to prevent the
t^^*h-coverii)g of the arch of the masonry conduit under the road from being cut
I*v ^^gh by travel in spring, and at other times when the ground is softened by rain.
1^ * travel on the road in good weather, and especially on Sundays and other holi-
1^^^, has increased so enormously that collisions are frequent. Wrecks of Yehicles
k^ ^ften seen along the sides of the road on Mondays, and there is constantly danger
•^jSj&rioos accidents by collision on the narrow pavement of this road.
-..^ne greater portion of the Conduit road is beyond the District line, but it and the
!>. ^ince this report was written the sum of $52,500 has been appropriated for con-
ning this wort, leaving the amount yet to be appropriated $37,500.
(
3216 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
strip of laud through which it passes belong entirely to the United States. It is
almost the only, if not quit-e the only, road out of the city that has not been spoiled
lor driving purposes by street railways.. It is one of the most picturesque roads in
the country, extending far up into Maryland amid the fine scenery along the Poto-
mac, and it is the only route to the city that is available for a large number of thd^
farmersof Montgomery County. Congress has refused to allow the road or any part^.
of the strip of land referred to to be occupied for railroad purposes, and in its char-
ter for a railway on private lands south of the Conduitroad and parallel to it (tha*
oi the Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway) the marring of the beauties o^^
the road was carefully guarded against, and the construction of more than one lii
of railway near the Conduit road was proliibited.
The macadam pavement should be widened to a width of 30 feet. The depth
the new portions should be 13 inches, including 8 inches of lar^e stone, 4 inches
small brokenstone, and 1 inch of binder. There should be a wide-paved gutter ai
a line of shade trees (preferably alternate lindens and -tulip trees, on each side of tl
road, and the slopes of embankments should everywhere be sodded. This plan w
require the widening of the roadbed at several places by adding to the width oft.,
embankments over the culverts that pass under the aqueduct, by cutting aw
embankments oil the upper side of the road, and by lilling on its lower side.
I estimate that the cost of the work required for that part of the road that L ~
between the auxiliary gatehouse at the distributing reservoir and the foot of \)i
carlia hill, a distance of 13,200 feet, or about 2^ mues, will be $34,500, and an
mate for it is submitted in the list of estimates. The remaining distance to Ca^
John Bridge, which is the limit of the major part of the travel at present, is ab«
3 miles. It will probably not be necessary to extend the improvement of the ri
beyond this point for several years.
in addition to widening the pavement of the Conduit road as herein proposec^l. .^ ft
width of 100 feet, or such other width as may be necessary, on each side of the r(» srm d,
should be purchased or condemned for the purpose of parking it, and with the a(51> «3i-
tional object of controlling the land abutting on the road and excluding the liq_ v^^*- o^
saloons that now exist and are increasing, and to which many of the collisions on 'ft^^e
road are doubtless attributable.
I may remark that when the late Gen. Meigs constructed the Washington AqaedL
(it was commenced in 1853 and essentially Huished in 1863) there was no road al
it or in its vicinity, and the only road from Washington to Great Falls was via
Rockville road aiid the ** River" road, which ran and now runs from Tennallyl
to the Falls; but the route over the conduit being shorter and until the hills aroi
the Falls are reached comparatively level (the road has essentially the same gi*-^
as the conduit beneatli it, viz, 9^ inches to the mile, or, more accurately, 9 inches
5,(X)0 feet, or 0.0(X)15),it soon attracted travel, which has been constantly iucreasi
liaising the masoni'y casings of the inanholes along the line of the aqueduct. — When
water in the distributing reservoir is at its normal height of 146 feet above dat^
there is a pressure of something over 4 feet of water at the crown of the cout
arch where the conduit enters the reservoir, and the water in the conduit is bae'
up and the crown of the arch is under pressure about as far up as Bridge No. 3^
Griffiths Park bridge, the bridge next above Cabin John bridge. I found whc:
uncovered the manholes along the line of the conduit for use in my inspectioi
its interior from Great Falls to the distributing reservoir in September, 1891, t-
tlie tops of several of the casings of the manholes below this point are below
gradient or slope of the water, so that when the manholes are uncovered it is foi
above the manhole covers, ana in some instances more th-in a foot in depth ab
them. No harm has thus fjir resulted from this state of affairs, but the casings
the manholes wherever necessary (I have a record of them) should be raised ab-
the gradient, so as to ))reveut the soakage of the ground around the manholes,
estimate of $6(X) for this work is submitted.*
Lowei'ing the hight of the croffS dam in the distributing reservoir, — The lower reserv
(the distributing reservoir) is divided about halfway between the influent
eflluent gatehouses by a cross darn, in the middle of the length of which is a uai
cut lined with masonry, through which all the water on its way to theefUuentgi
house, where it enters the mains, must pass.
The draft through this cutis so strong that the major part of the water is dra
straight from the influent gatehouse, which is in an an^le of the upper division (
settling division), to the cut, so that when the water is turbid it does not diff
itself through the whole body of water in this division (110,0(X),000 gallons)
should, in order that the greatest amount of settling be done.
Neither is the water after it passes through the cut properly distributed thror
the lower division, which contains about 60,000,000 gallons, for th«^ reason that
draft from the cut to the head of the mains leading to the city from the lower
* This work must be done before the height of the dam at Great Falls Is raised -*
APPENDIX B B B ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3217
*
of the diviaion is so strong that the water all passes in a coniparatively narrow stream
Btriigbt to these mains, 80 that it also gets very little chance to settle in this divi-
siuD.
Xow, as the npper portion of any body of water not quite free of turbidity, and
in the process of settling, is the clearest, if the top of the dam be lowered far enough
r- I to allow only a thin sheet (at the present rate of consumption it would be about an
i{ I iuch deep) of water to pass over the dam, as was Gen. Meigs's design, we should
^ I have in each division a very effective additional means of clurifyins: the aqueduct
y I water, and I believe that this improvement in the distributing reservoir being made,
■ and the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir being improved as has been provided for in
fl m the act of March 3, 1893, there would be but rarely, if any, couiplaint of muddy
^ ■ Water.
I m I estimate the cost of this improvement at the distributing reseivoir by lowering
■ the cross dam at $12,500. *"
ProkciioH of the inlet to the conduit ai Great Falls, — The bank of the Chesapeake and
2^0 Canal, which runs parallel to the Potomac at Great Falls, and about 150 feet
l^oiQ it^ is about 16i feet higher than the uncovered chamber^ just above the Mary-
^*nd end of the aqueduct dam that forms the inlet from the river to the conduit.
Jn the flood of November, 1877, which rose at Great Falls to the height of 160 feet
*bovo the datimi of the aqueduct, or 12 feet higher than the crest of the dam, the
p«iial hank at a point opposite the inlet was washed down to the river and a part of
'^ iiito the inlet. I quote from the annual report of the aqueduct for 1878 :
. 'The masonry forming the arch of the feeder was uncovered from a point near the
Pj^^ddle of the canal to the mouth of the feeder, a distance of 150 feet. The chamber
** the head of the aqueduct was filled with stones that had formed the slope wall of
**« Canal, and the aqueduct feeder for a distance of 300 feet was filled with debris
tK ^Pt^8 varying from 3 to 6 feet, so as to entirely stop the flow of water during
^J Ordinary low stages of the river.''
*Q the still higher flood of June, 1889, which rose to the height of 10 feet over the
ll'^^vct dam, the canal bank was again washed down to the river, but fortunately
2^ damage did not occur immediately opposite the inlet to the conduit, but Iroiu
fV^ to 400 feet higher up, so that the major part of the debris being left on the mar-
th ^^ ^^® river and a part of it being carried over the dam, not so much tilling of
olSl i^J^t^ to the conduit was done, out, as in the flood of 1877, it
'^•tx'iicted.
^iie annual report of the aqueduct for 1889 says :
^^ The banks of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal .above and below the mouth of the
v^duit were carried away and that opposite the conduit was threatened. A iium-
^1^^ of men were kept at work on this bank during the freshet, and it is believed that
^^5* it not been for the energetic work of this force and the widening and strength-
,^iiig of the bank at this locality in April, great damages would have occurred at
^J iiiouth of the conduit."
,^'** will be observed that in the freshet of 1877 not only the inlet chamber, but the
^*^^uit itself was filled with debris to a depth of from 3 to 6 feet /or a distance ofSOO
\^^ in from its mouth, but, the water in the river being at a high stage, there was still
l^^t^rway enough*in the conduit above the debris to enable the supply to the city to
^^^ *5.eptup. Had a complete closuie of the mouth of the conduit occurred, with 12
i-^ \6 feet of water over it, there would have been no possible way, with the torrent
<^^ ^ing over the mouth, to remove the obstruction before the river subsided, and the
^J^r supply to the city would have been cut off.
to^-*^tiore is no more important part of our system of water supply to be carefully
l^V^i'ded than the head of the conduit at Great Falls, and in order to avert dangers
^w^^ those of 1877 and 1889, to which the water supply is liable in every freshet, a
^^^^oiiry wall should be built between the river and the canal, rising a few feet
^ ^^er than the latter, and extending uprivcr from the mouth of the conduit as far as
^^ limit of the Government land, and thence, at about a right angle, and still on
^^ Government land to the shore of the river. I estimate the cost of this wall at
>O00.
^leaning the bottom of the distributing reservoir, — The sedimentary deposits of about
^ears, within which time the distributing reservoir has not been cleaned out,
"V^e raised the bottom of its upper division (the settling dj vision) about 9 inches,
^^ of the lower division about 4 inches.
^]y*he8e deposits have diminished the capacity of the reservoir about 8,000,000 gal-
t^«, and, although it is probable that these deposits, which are mostly clay, are
t deleterious to the water, they should be removed as soon as an appropriation
^ r This work need not be done before tlie height of the dam at Great Falls is
^t^^d, and the height of water in the distributing reservoir can be maintained at
^** constant level of reference (146).
K>o \H 202
3218 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
can be obtained for the purpose. It would require tbe removal of about 39,
cubic yards, tbe estimated coat of whicb, at 35 cents per cubic yard, is $13,825.
Storehou»eat Greut Falls. — There is no place for storage of tbe public property
Great Falls, orfor cement and other materials required when any work of consti
tion or repairs is going on ou that division of the aqueduct. A storehouse is urgei
needed, and I propose to erect one abnnt 40 by 20 feet in size, at a cost of abont$l,;
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is now in operation, and the stone for the walls
be cheaply obtained from the Government quarry at Seneca, a short distance ab
the falls.
Itiserting air valres and hlow-off valves in the SO-inch and SS-inch mains. — In respec
this estimate I beg leave to quot^ from my annual report of 1890, an follows:
'* It is important that moreefticieut facilities be provided for emptying and fill
the old mains in case of accident, and of making connection frotu main to main.
*^ In either case a section of the main must be cut out and a now piece insert
but before this can be done the main valve, at whatever distance on either side, ni
be shut, and the section of the main between these two valves, generally raoretl
a mile long, must be emptied of its water. The time required for emptying depei
not only on the sizes of the blow-offs in the valleys crossed by the mains, but^
on the sizes of the air valves provided at the summits, for the water can not
course, in any case be gotten out of a main any faster than the air required to ti
its place can be gotten in.
"In making the connections at New Jersey avenue and L street between the 36-ii
main and the 24-inch by-pass, on the night of the I4th of April last, more than I
hours were consumed in freeing the main of water, owing to insufficient blow-
and air valves in the 36-incli main, and the refilling of the main after the conneci
had been made was so much prolonged by tbe want of proper valves for the eg:
of the air that it was nearly noon of the next day before the charging of the n:
was completed.
'SSimilar delays occurred at each of the numerous connections between the ms
that were made after the 48-inch' main was completed, and I was in each case obli^
in getting the air into the mains for emptying and out of them for filling them a*:
with water, to have recourse not only to tire hydrants, but to the service-pipe spi j
in private houses in the vicinities of thes^ connections."
These delays are very expensive, night work costing about double the rates of
work, and the danger in case of fire in the district cut off from its supply of w
is so great that large air valves and blow-off valves should be placed on both
30 and 36 inch mains as soon as an appropriation can be obtained for the pur[>
A patented device, of which I have obtained the details since the date of the re]
referred to, very much reduces the time required for inserting these valves, as '^
as their cost, and, what is very important, it enables the work to be done whil9
mains are under their ordinary pressure. The cost of inserting the required blo^
and air valves in the 36 and 30 inch mains will be about $6,250.
Removal of the accumulation of deposits in the conduit. — As stated In my last ani
report, my inspection of the interior of the conduit from Great Falls to the dis^
uting reservoir, in September, 1891, showed an accumulation of about 15,500 c i
yards of clayey deposits in the conduit throughout its entire length between t^l
points of about 12 miles. These deposits, which diminish the capacity of
conduit, should lie removed as soon as money can be obtained for the purpose,
the reason that the supply of water to the city must be interrupted while the "^
of removal is going on, a large part of it must be done at night. It will, there#
be a tedious and expensive operation, and it can not bo accomplished by mead
the small annual appropriations for maintenance and repair. I include in.
estimates an item of $14,000 for the removal of the deposits in the conduit, and 'i
if granted, would enable the entire conduit to be thoroughly cleaned out in one>*
Hehuilding the bridge over the Spillwai/ at the Dalecarlia receiving resei'voir, — The C
duit road bridge over the spillway at the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir and ^
beyond the District line is a wooden bridge on trestles that was built many y
ago. llie travel over the bridge is very heavy, it is decaying, and^ in order to
vent accidents frequent repairs are necessary.
This bridge, which is of short span, should be replaced by a handsome s'^
bridge of nn architecture commensurate with Cabin John bridge and the »
masonry bridge next higher up the line of the aqueduct (Griffith's Park brid.
and I include an estimate of $18,000 for it in my annual estimates.
Deepening the distributing reservoir. — The present bottom of the distributing r^
voir being at reference 135 above the aqueduct datum, and the flow line of the r^
voir being at reference 146 above this datum, the available depth of water is 11 ^
It has often been recommended in former annual reports that the depth be incra^
13 feet, or to reference 122, the depth of the axes of the four 4B-inch connect'
between the screen house and the gate chamber.
This would increase the storage capacity of the reservoir from about 170,000,<
i
I
APPEKDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3219
gallons to abont 290,000,000 gallons, and add to the coolness of the water and also
toitspnrity, for, unlike the Dalecarlia receiving reserv'oir, which is nearly surrounded
by woods, the distributing reservoir is fully exposed to waves, and the winds are
sonietiitaes so ^reat as to disturb the bottom and make the water roily.
Should this be done, bernis of 10 feet in width should be left at the foot of the
present slope walls protecting the sides of the reservoir, the tops of these beruis
Bhonld be paved, and the deepened portions of the sides should be protected by slope
walls of drv-mbble masonry 12 inches thick, laid on a broken-stone lining 6' inches
thick. The cost of the work will be about $290,000.
1 consider the work of deepening this reservoir to be of very ^reat importance for
the reasous given, and it should be done as soon as appropriations can be obtained
forit,bnt as the improvement of the quality of ihe aqueduct water, the increase of
itorage capacity above the heads of our mains, the protection of the aqueduct, and
other works herein mentioned are of more importance at this time, I have not included
it iu the estimates for the next fiscal year.*
DESIEED PROVISION OF LAW IN BESPECT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR
THE AQUEDUCT.
. I renew the following statement of reasons for this provision con-
tained injny last annual report. In my judgment the desired provi-
8iou or change in the law is of the utmost importance.
The annual appropriation for maintenance and repair of the aqueduct is now a
fiscal year appropriation, and its availability terminates on the 30th of June of each
year. Whenever the appropriation is delayed there is liable to be a tim« iu the early
part of ever^'^ other fiscal year during which, should a break occur in a main either
ui the city or in the country this side of the distributing reservoir or in the conduit,
orshonldany disiister occur at the reservoirs or at Great Falls, there is no money
»^ailable for repairs.
^f this appropriation should be made available until expended, some of the less
"r^ent repairs toward the end of the year could be postponed until the next appro-
Pnation should become available, so that there would always be money in hand for
'^pairing breaks in the mains or other works of emergency.
A leak in one of the city's old and decayed street mains or in one of the hundreds
w small service pipes that cross the route of the 48-inch main, for instance, by under-
Duning it, may cause it to break, and the quantity of water that would be discharged
^ the street, especially in the low levels of the route, would be so enormous that the
property and even the lives of citizens in the vicinity of the break might be endan-
gered, t ^ ^
£veu when, in the cases of delay in the passage of the regular appropriation bills,
wniporary provisions are made for the expenditures of the Go%'emment, considerable
J^gtha of time after the beginning of the fiscal year elapse before official informa-
Jon (which only would warrant expenditures under these provisions of law) reaches
•"fburaing officers, t
, ^^ theSth of July, 1892, in blowing off the 30-inch main at Foundry Branch, the
^*^'y bronze sleeve through which the valve stem works was badly fractured, so
*^*he valve could not be moved before a new sleeve could be cast and turned.
inf ^^l^^^'^r appropriation bill had not then been passed by Congress. I had only
j.T^^ation from newspapers that temporary provision had been made for the expend-
rj^res of the Government and I had no money to my credit for the repair of the valve.
jj*^.''*ttnately the valve happened to be shut at the instant when the accident occurred,
at t>!' ^ould have wasted into the Potomac the water in the distributing reservoir
8ta ^^^^ ^^ about 2,000,000 gallons per hour at a time when, on account of the low
,.^6 of water in the river, we had none whatever to spare.
^h* k^ late Gen. Meigs, in one of his frequent notes respecting the aqueduct, in
intl*^ ^P to his death on the 2d of January, 18i)2, he continued to retain the deepest
tiih *^^ called my attention to the care that would be required, whenever the dis-
tk ^^Dg reservoir is deepened, not to cause leaks by uncovering and cutting into
jQ^Ptilted and more or less dislocated gneiss formation that he found to underlie
tIJ portions of the reservoir,
p^ ^1)6 internal pressure on our mains at some portions of their routes is about 43
j^'^tle to the square inch. This great pressure will be better appreciated if it be
}^^ that it is nearly 40 tons to the running foot of 48-inch main.
jj^^All^ork on the aqueduct was suspended in July of 1892 until the 15th of the
Yj^?^^J»on which date the first official information reached me that temporary pro-
n '^^oq 1|j|(1 been made by Congress on the 30th of Juno for the expenditures of the
^"^ernujent.
3220 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
I do not know of any appropriation thut more requires to bo made available nn
expended like appropriations for river and harbor improvements, light- honses, et
than the appropriation for the maintenance and repair of the Washington Aquedu<
I urgently recommend, therefore, that it be done, and that the following clause
attached to the next appropriation for this purpose:
Provided^ That the appropriation for the maintenance and repair of the Washir
ton Aqueduct for the iiscal year ending June 30, 1896, and thereafter until oth<
wise provided by law, shall not be considered as a fiscal year appropriation, b
shall bo available until expended.
DESIRED INCREASE IN THE ANNUAL APPROPRIATION FOR MAINT
NANCE AND REPAIR OF THE AQUEDUCT AND THE RBSERVOIB
MAINS^ ROADS, ETC., CONNECTED THEREWITH.
I renew the following statement made in my former reports re8pe<
ing the importance of increasing the appropriation for maintenance ai
repair of the aqueduct :
While works that have cost $565,000 have been added to the aqueduct system '
the laying of more than 8 miles of 4^-inch and other large water mains under t
act of March 2, 1889, with their numerous valve chambers, main valves, air valv«
blow-off valves, and other adjuncts, all of which have to he carefully watched ai
kept in repair, there has been no increase in the appropriation for maintenance ai
repair of the aqueduct.
It has been for many years and is now $20,000, and it proves entirely inadequate -
keeping in repair the long line of works, including the dam at Great Falls, the cc
dnit, the Conduit road (which is paved for the protection of the conduit), the rett
voirs, the gatehouses, the fences of the aqueduct and Conduit road lands, the dvB
lings of the watchmen of the different divisions, and the more than 20 miles of tro
mains in the city supplying the distributing system of the District of Columtz
besides paying the salaries of the watchmen and other employes.
Twenty -one thousand dollars was asked for in my last annual estimates, and L
again asked for. It is not a large sum to provide for the annnal maintenance s
repair of works that have cost more than $4,000,0(X), and I could expend much h^t
in works of preservation and repair that would be for the best interests of the G»
emment.
Money statementu,
WASniNGTON AQI^KDUCT.
July 1 , 1893, balance unexpended $805. 01
Amount appropriated bv act approved March .3, 1893 20, 000. 00
$20,8*£
June 'Mj 1894, amount expended during iiscal year 20, 25^
July 1, 1894, balance unexpended 5$*^
July 1, 1894, outstanding liabilities 5^^
July 1, 1894, balance available
Amount that can be profitably expended in iiscal year ending June 30^, 1896. 21, OCM
IMPROVING DALKCARLIA RECEIVING RESERVOIR.
Amount appropriated by act approved March 3, 1893 $60, 0(P^
June 30, 1894, amount expended during iiscal year 58, 9^
July 1, 1894, balance unexpended 1, 0$--
July 1, 1894, outstanding liabilities 1, 00^
July 1, 1894, balance available 3^
ESTIMATES.
The estimates of appropriations that should be made for the y^
ending June iiO, 1896, are as follows, and I again urgently recomm-^
that the provision of law suggested in this i.*eport be attached to
next appropriation for maintenance and repair of the aqueduct for
reasons just stated :
I
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.
3221
I orconipletingf the improveiuont of the Dalecarlla receiving reservoir by the
works required for cutting off the drainage into it of polluted water and
sewage from the Hurrouuding country ; for completing the purchase or con-
demnation of the small amount of land required for the purpose, and the
excavatiou necessary at the head of the reservoir
For raising the hei(;ht of the dam at Great Falls, together with the cost of
such other work as may be found necessary in connection therewith, includ-
ing the cost of strengthening the conduit^ and for damages on account of
floofling of land and other damages '.
For commencing the widen infir of tlie macadam pavement of the Conduit
road to 30 feet by widening that portion of the road that lies between the
lower end of the distributing reservoir and the Dalecarlia receiviug reser-
voir; widening the road and the embankments over the culverts on the
line of the aqnednct where necessary for this purpose; making the neces-
>ary changes in the drainage/ and the planting ol shade trees
For lowering the height of the cross dam at the distributing reservoir
For protecting the inlet to the aqueduct at Great Falls
For pnrcliase or condemnation of a site for a storage yard
For cleaning out the distributing reservoir *
For the storehouse at Great Falls
For inserting air valves and blow-off valves hi the 3B-inch and 30-incli mains.
For removing the accumulation of deposits in the conduit
For rebnildiuj^ in stone the bridge over the channel from the spillway at
the Dalecarlla receiving reservoir .*
For raising the height of the masonry casings of the conduit manholes
vherjei necessary ♦.
°^^aimenance and repair of the aqueduct and the reservoirs, mains, roads,
®tc., connected therewith
$37,500
125,000
34,500
12,500
5,000
10,000
13, 825
1,500
6,250
14,000
18,000
600
21,000
-Appropriations made for the Washington Aquedu-cty with the dates of acts for the same.
I>ate.
KS!* 31. 1852 a...
2fch3,l853 ,
j^h3,1857 ,
W28.1886
2^W20. 1866. ,. .
j»^j2,l8e7
J>'y25.1868
**'^h3,l8eB
Amount.
$500
5,000
100.000
250,000
250,000
1,000,000
800,000
500,000
150.000
142,584
12,000
20,000
62,500
25,000
Date.
Amount.
July 15,1870 6
$120, 822
Marcel 3, 1871
114, 196-
June 10, 1872
70,555
January 23,1873
14,000
March 3, 1873 c
43,600
June 23, 1874 d
36,400
March 3, 1875
26,000
July 31,1876
22.000
March 3,1877
15,000
June 20, 1878
15,000
March 3, 1879 e
20, 000
June 4, 1880/
20,000
March 3. 1881
20.000
Julvl.l882<7
20,000
Dat«.
Amount.
March 3, 1883
July 5, 1884
$20, 000
20, 000
February 25,1885...
Julv 9, 1886
20,000
20,000
March 3,1887
July 18,1888;»
March 2, 18891
August 6. 1890;
March 3, 1891 ifc
July 14,1892
March 3,1893
20,000
20,000
20,000
25,500
20.000
20,000
80,000
Total
4, 150, 657
«
Itoj^iJ*— Rftverted to the Treasury: (a) $2.81, (6) $46.25. (c) $56<J.87, (rf) 35 cents. (<) $1,109.87, (/)
w th ' ^) $1,354.17, (A) $2,266.34, (i) $4.12, (j) $5,500, (k) $2.49; total. $11,228.33. Since 1878 one-half
.VJ
*|. oe atnoimtA appropriated have been contributed bv the United States and the other half by the
"*^»n of Colum%a.
ABSTRACT OF PROPOSALS.
'^''oct of proposals for drilling plant for the Washington Aqneductj received in response
to advertisement dated June 26 ^ 189S, and opened June 28 j 1893,
^ Iiigersoll.Sergeant Drill Company, New York, N. Y $3, 982. 30
*^^tract awarded to the IngersoU-Sergeant Drill Company.
^^T?:^^ ^f Proposals for for cite tunnel powder and exploders for improving the Dale-
ived in response to the advertisement dated July 26 ^ 1893,
opened August 7, 189S.
K
o.
1
a
Name and addresA of bidder.
** American Forcite Powder Mannfactnr-
T>^n«Co..New York, N. Y. *
*• Joseph Kellj-, Baltimore, Md., gelatine
o l^^^der. t
J'jjV. offutt, Washington, D. C. *
"^^^cted as excessive.
Forcitc tunnel i)owder (per pound).
40 per I 45 per I 50 p* r
cent. ' cent, i cent.
Ofnts.
16^
14
194
Cents.
17
15
20
Cents.
174
16
20^
60 per
cent.
Centa.
. 184
18
2li
£x
ploders
(per 100).
Cent*. I
204!
23 I
234!
$4.58
3.90
4.58
t Informal. Bid was for a kind of powder not advertised for.
i
3222 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Ahatract of proposals for gelatine tunnel difnamite and exploders for improving the Dale-
carlia receiving reservoir, received in response to circular letter dated August 11, 1895^
and opened August 21, 1893.
No.
2
3
Name and address of bidder.
The American Forcito Powder Manufactnr-
ins Company, New York, N. Y
Small & Sclirader, New York. N. Y
Eopanno Chemical Company, Wilmington,
Del
Joseph W. Willard, Cleveland. Ohio *
Gelatine tunnel dynamite (per pound).
40 per
cent.
45 per
cent.
50 iM»r
cent.
60 per
cent.
75 yier
cent
Centt.
1
Ctnta.
Centa.
CtnU.
1
Cent:
Ill
134
12
14i
13
154
14
174
16
20
13i
14
14i
15
15i
16
174
18
20
21
Explod-
ers (per
100).
$3.68
3.90
3.90
4w00
* Not rcceired until the day after the day fixed for opening of bids.
Contract awarde<l to the American Forcite Powder Manufacturing Company.
Abstract of proposals for sewer bricks and vitrified bricks for improving the Daleearlia
receiving reservoir, received in response to circular letter dated November 29, 1893, and
opened December 11, 1893.
No.
5
6
Name and address of bidder.
Sewer . Vitrified
bricks. bricks.
Charles Ford, Washington, D. C
Ivy City Brick Company, Washington, D. C.
Frederick Brick Works. Frederick. Md
Savage Fire Brick Company, Keystone Junction. Pa
McMahan, PorU^r & Co., New Cumberland, ^f. Va. . .
Potomac Terra Cotta Company, Washington, D. C. . .
$12.50
13.50
14.25
I $18. 50
*C *21 00
I t20.UO
•22.40
I f 17. 50
* Repressed. 1 Not repressed.
Awards were made to the Frederick Brick Works and McMahan, Porter & Co., respectively, their
samples being the best
Abitract of proposals for natural hydraulic cement for improving the Dalecarlia receiving
reservoir, received in response to advertisement dated December 18, 1893, and opened
December 28, 1893.
Name and address of bidder.
J. G. &J. M. Waters, 1045 Thirty-seoond
street. Washington. D. C.
James H. McGill, 908 G street, Washing
ton, D. C*
Cammack & Decker, First and G streets,
Washington, D. C.
The National Building Supply Company,
Baltimore, Md.
Natural hydraulic cement per barrel. ( Total.
$1.29, Round Top cement
$1.17, brand not stated. In subsequent
letter this bidder states his brands to be
"Cumberland hydraulic "and '*Cnml»er-
land Potomac " cements.
$1.22, Cumberland hydraulic cement
$1.33, Cumberland and Potomac cement . . .
$5,418
<»14
5.124
5.586
* Brand not stated at time of bid ; stated in a subsequent letter.
Contract was awarded to James H. MoGilL
B B B 2.
INCREASING THE WATER SUPPLY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA.
This work was commenced under an appropriation made in the act
of Cougiei^s approved July 15, 1882.
The plan consisted in raising the dam in the Maryland Channel at
the Great Falls of the Potomac to an elevation of 148 feet above mean
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.
3223
tide at the Washington navy-yard, and its extension at that heij^ht
across Conns Island and the Virginia Channel of the river; extending
the Washington Aqueduct from the distributing reservoir above George-
town to the site selected for the new reservoir near Howard University
by a tunnel 20,696.3 feet long; constructing at the tunnel outlet a new
reservoir of about 300,000,000 gallons capacity, and connecting this
reservoir by a new line of large mains with the existing system of
water mains in the city of Washington.
All operations on this project are suspended, and no work has been
done under it during the year,
Hy reason of the improvement and change of grade of Chami>lain
avenue by the District government, it was found necessary in July to
place a timber crib 8 feet high around the Champlain avenue shaft of
the tunnel to the new reservoir near Howard University.
On August 28 $470.90 was paid to Thomas Ready for a parcel of
land between the distributing i-eservoir and the intersection of the
Conduit and Foxhall roads, conveyed by said Ready -and wife to the
United States by deed dated March 10, 1886, and the deed and a plot
of the land were recorded in the oflQce of the recorder of deeds of the
District of Columbia on August 3t, 1893. This payment was specially
authorized in the provisions for the Washington Aqueduct in the act
of Congress approved March 3, 1893.
A watchman has been employed during the year at the new reser-
voir. His duties have included the guarding the stone at the mouths
of all the shafts, ejccept the one at Foundry Branch, which is under
tbe care of the watchman at the distributing reservoir.
The following is a list of the appropriations for this work, with date
of act for the same :
July 15,1882 $1,485,279.30
July 7,1884 87,500.00
March 3, 1885 87,500.00
March 26, 1886 5,000.00
Aujerust 4, 1886 555,000.00
March 30, 1888 355.000.00
Total 2,575,279.30
Money statement.
Title of appropriation.
X^nd to extend aqaeduct
Extension of aqueduct
Mam connections
L.aiid for reservoir
Constructing reservoir and gatehouse
l^ater rights and land to extend dam at Groat Falls
Completion and extension of dam at Great Falls
Aggregate
Jnly 1, 1893,
balance
unexpended.
$24. 927. 74
272, 099. 81
1, 989. 18
173. 09
80, G07. 90
44, 882. 04
I, 6G5. 52
429, 345. 28
June 30, 1894,
amount ex-
pended
during fiscal
year.
$472.90
163. 99
1, 069. 14
1, 706. 03
Jnly 1, 1894,
balance
nnoxpended
and available.
$24, 454. 84
271, 935. 82
1, 989. 18
173.09
79, 538. 76
44, 882. 04
4, 665. 52
427, 639. 25
No estimate for further appropriation is submitted.
3224 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
B B B 3.
ERECTION OF FISHWAYS AT GREAT FALLS.
(Jnder a ruling coiiceriiing the act of July 15, 1882, x)roviding forjhe
construction of these fishways, the Secretary of War decided that the
engineer officer in charge should be held responsible only for the proper
protection of the aqueduct dam at Great Falls and the disbursement of
the funds appropriated, the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries being
responsible under the act for the plans and specifications of the flsh-
'wavs and their execution.
No work has been done ou the fishways during the last fiscal year for
want of funds. Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and a portion of the perma
nent dam, have been completed. There remains to be constructed the
remainder of this dam and section 1.-
The Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries is of the opinion that an
additional 8uu\ of $7,890 will be required to complete the work, and
requests that the estimate for it contained in my last annual report be
submitted. It was not acted on by Congress, and it is again submit-
ted. His letter to me is as follows:
I have to request that you include in your estimates for the ensuing fiscal year an
item of $7,890 for the completion of the Great Falls fishways. The additional
appropriation asked for is made necessary, first, by reason of an increased cost of
sections ^ and 3 over and above the estimate; second, by reason of the construction
of a permanent deflecting dam which was found essential for the better protection
of the fishways, and to obtain control of the water supply to the same; third, for
the reason that a sufficiently large amount is included to cover the work of cleaning
out the river bed between the fishways, and to construct a tool shed with small
office; and lustly, to provide a small fund with which to repair any damage to the
fishways from the effects of the spring freshets before the completion of the penua-
nent deflecting dam.
The appropriations for this work to date are as follows:
Actof July 15, 1882 $50,000.00
Act of February 1, 1888 25.000,00
Act of August 5, 1892 15,000.00
Money stuteinent.
July 1, 1893, balance unexpended $4, 501. 29
June 30, 1894, amount expended during fiscal year 4, 466. 34
July 1, 1894, balance unexpended 34. 95
July 1, 1894, outstanding liabilities 2. 93
July 1, 1894, balance available 32. 02
Amount deemed necessary by the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for
the completion of the work 7. 890. 00
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.
3225
Appendix 1.
^ CONDITION OF THE WATKR DURING THK YKAR.
Conrdition of water at Great Falhy Dalecarlia receiving reservoir, and diatrihuiing rwer-
rbir, and height of water over dam at Great Falls for each day inr-the year,
ITli« "height of irater on the dam at Great Fulls varied during the year from a minimum of 0.5 of a foot
( which WW) the height for four days in the latter part of July and for iifteen days in August) to a
■tiAxininni of 4.9 feet on Mav 21.1
Condition of
wat^r.
/
I *• ST e "" <? S *
•1
Condition of
water.
Condition of ^ ^
M'ater. > si
a
• o
S
o
P
7
^
s
> 5
at
July. 1893
to
•s ^ S *- f "^
SfSJ
Condition of
water.
o <
August. 189'J
September, 1893.
October. 1893.
;KoveTO txsr
1803,
December, 1893
11
1.50
7
1.50
6
1.40
5
1.40
5
1.40
5
1.40
9
1.30
10
1.30
12
1.20
17
1.20
25
1.20
82
1.10
86
1.10
36
1.00
86
1.00
36
1.00
86
1.10
36
1.00
86
1.0<3
86
1.00
36
1.10
86
1.10
36
1.00
36
1.00
36
1.00
36
1.00
36
.90
36
.90
36
.90
36
.90
36
.90
January, 1894.
36
34
36
36
36
36 1
86
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
86
36
36
36
86
86
36
86
86
36
36
30
36
36
36
86
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
30
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36 1
36
36
36 1
20
36
36 1
6
36
36
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.80
.80
.90
.90
.00
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.00
1.00
1.00
February, 1894.
7
8
10
13
10
10
10
14
14
7
1
2
2
6
8
8
9
19
4
2
1
2
4
6
12
15
12
20
28
16
27
20
18
19
19
21
22
26
33
25
23
21
21
24
21
24
30
26
28
26
28
24
27
80
34
36
27
20
18
15
U
14
22
21
21
17
23
14
4
6
6
6
10
15
15
16
13
9
6
8
8
8
8
1.00
i.OO
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.40
2.00
2.00
1.90
1.60
1.50
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.40
1.70
2.20
2.10
2.00
1.00
1.60
1.70
1.60
13 1.40
I
3226 ^ REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Condition of water at Great Falh, DalecarUa receiving reservoir, and distributing reser-
roiK — Coutiuued.
Condition of
5^4
Condition of
fe«-
Condition of
«i 8B
Condition of
^4
^1
watei
•
^?
watoi
•
%^
water.
H
water.
u^
u^
:s^
>
■
§
•
*3
** 0 p
at c
to -M
Sua
5 ^1 0
s w S
u P «
oe S
«
bO V
2**
u
•
111
60 •
- * ©
00 S-w
9 *»
Its *
•
1
S w 0
■51 i
u f* «
0 «»
^§1
S 9 V
■" ^ B
inav^
M
a ^ 0
•M 9 s
p2«
r'0«t^
14
£ 0 V
•^ c n
s'oC:
t
Sou
0'0<M
c
o
«
^^^
B
0
April
fl
0
«
0
pMC
P
S
Marcl
h, 1894.
1,1894.
May, 1894.
Juno. 18&4.
1
19
36
30
1.40
25
36
36
1.10
14
36
36
1.20
6
11
8
1.40
o
4
36
33
1. 50
36
36
36
1.10
27
36
36
1.20
7
12
6
1.40
3
3
36
30
1.70
36
36
36
1.10
32
36
36
1.20
10
20
8
1.30
4
4
36
21
1.90
36
36
36
1.00
34
36
36
1.20
12
25
10
1.30
5
3
36
17
2.60
36
36
36
1.00
36
36
36
1.20
13
27
13
1.20
6
3
36
12
2.50
36
36
36
1.00
3
36
36
1 20
2
25
18
1.30
7
3
36
10
2.70
36
36
36
1.00
1
12
36
2.60
3
25
24
1.30
8
2
36
7
3. 20
36
36
36
1.00
1
12
30
2.00
6
25
21
1.30
9
2
36
5
2.80
36
36
36
1.00
1
12
6
1.70
9
28
15
1.30
10
2
36
5
2.40
36
36
36
1.00
2
12
3
1.40
12
36
22
1.30
11
4
36
5
2.10
8
36
36
1.20
5
13
2
1.30
17
36
26
1.20
12
8
36
6
1.90
6
36
36
1.40
6
18
3
1.20
27
36
28
1.20
13
15
36
8
1.80
4
36
36
1.90
4
30
3
1.20
31
36
30
LIO
14
15
36
14
1.60
4
25
36
2.10
7
36
3
1.10
34
36
36
1.00
15
14
36
14
1.50
2
30
36
2.00
10
36
5
1.10
36
36
36
1.00
16
2.'{
36
20
1.50
4
32
12
1.90
18
36
7
1.00
36
36
36
.90
17
25
36
23
1.40
8
32
8
1.70
13
36
8
1.00
36
36
36
.90
18
28
36
36
1.40
11
34
8
1.60
14
36
9
1.10
36
36
36
.90
19
32
36
36
1.30
14
31
13
1.40
5
36
13
1.10
21
36
36
1.00
20
30
m
36
1.30
19
34
18
1.40
1
32
12
2.10
3
36
36
1.00
21
31
36
36
1.30
2
34
23
1.40
1
3
6
4.90
2
36
30
1.00
22
24
36
36
1.30
2
36
16
1.50
1
6
3
4.40
5
36
17
1.00
23
5
36
29
1.30
4
36
15
1.50
1
8
1
2.90
8
36
18
.90
24
8
36
24
1.30
10
36
10
1.40
2
8
1
2.80
13
36
18
.90
25
8
36
17
1.30
13
36
12
1.30
2
8
2
2.70
24
36
18
.80
26
14
36
22
1.30
15
36
19
1.30
3
8
3
2.30
36
36
23
.80
27
14
36
25
1.30
24
36
26
1.20
4
9
4
2.10
14
36
36
.80
28
14
36
21
1.30
30
36
32
1.20
4
9
4
1.80
33
36
36
.80
29
20
36
10
1.20
27
36
36
1.20
5
9
5
1.70
36
36
M
.80
30
32
36
19
1.10
16
36
36
1.10
4
10
8
1.60
36
36
36
.80
31
33
36
24
1.10
4
10
7
1.50
Number of days during the fiscal year 1S93-94 on which the water wae clear or turbid at
the places indicated.
Place.
Great Falls
Dalecarliii receiving reservoir
Distribatiug reservoir
Clear.
165
312
213
h
32
25
34
Turbid.
Very
turbid.
59
109
23
5
63
5S
XoTE.— In determining the condition of the water a metallic tube with glass ends is nsed. Thisis
filled with water, and the disttince at which a ball immersed in the water can be seen from one of the
ends is noted. When it can be seen at a distance of from 22 to 86 inches, inohisive, it is considered
clear; from 15 to 21 inches, slightly turbid; from 8 to 14 inches turbid, and from 0 to 7 inches very
turbid.
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.
3227
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3228 REroRT of the chief of engineers, u. s. army.
Appendix 3.
WATKH RIGHTS AT liREAT FALLS.
A bill (S. 1359, Fifty -third Congress, second session) to amend an act approvr^*
July fifteenth, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, entitled *'An act to increase
water sapply of the city of Washington, and for other purposes," as amended a^^sx^
reported from the Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, May 11, 1894, w ^mXlii
copies of reports on said bill.
^l
Be it enacted by tl^ Senate and Bouse of Representatives of the United States of Ai
tea in Congress assembled, That the act entitled "An act to increase the water sup
of the city of Washington, and for other purposes," approved July fifteenth, eig_
een hundred and eighty- two, be so amended as to enable the Attorney -General and ^lie
Secretary of War, m the exercise of the authority therein and hereby conferrecL on
them, to obtain title for the United States, by right of eminent domain or otherw^ S.8«,
to all the water rights at and in the vicinity of Great Falls, on the Potomac* Ri^^' or,
the water so taken to be used for any and ail public purposes, and also such lan«^ »
may be necessary for these purposes. W^ithin nine months after the approval of "C^ti is
act the Secretary of War and the Attorney-General shall make a written statem^^nt,
specifying by metes and bounds the lands they may deem necessary to take for "fclie
purposes of this act, excluding the lands already purchased by the United St-s^ti^
and paid for, and shall file triplicate originals of said statement in the offices of" "fcli«
register of deeds for the District of Columbia, the county of Fairfax, Virginia, «fcwid
the county of Montgomery, Maryland, respectively, and said tiling of said sfefifct*-
ment shall be a taking for the United States by right of eminent domain of thelsM:»<^l«
and waters specified in said statement and of the water rights appertaining therc^lKJ,
and shall vest the title to the same absolutely in the United States. If said sfcsfc-***-
ment shall include any lands or water rights heretofore taken, or attempted feo ^
taken, under authority of the act to which this is an amendment, or otherwise, ^"^^
not heretofore paid for, the taking of the same shall be treated as done as aforess^iu
under this act.
SEr. 2. That if the Secretary of War and the Attorney-General shall agree "wriw
any of the owners of the land and water rights taken, or with any of the owner« <>»
any lands damaged by said taking, or by maintaining the Government dam at Or®**
Falls at its present height, or by raising the dam to any height that may be deei***^
necessary for the future supply of the District of Columbia and other public ^«*'*
poses, upon the amount to be paid therefor, they shall give such owner their <5cr-
tificate 8pecif3ang the sum to which he is entitled.
Sec. 3. That the Secretary of War and the Attorney-General, in their discro**^^*
may appoint three commissioners to appraise the value of the land and of the "^^^^
and of the water rights taken, and of the damages to any property by reason of *^
taking, or by reason of maintaining said Government dam at its present heigh *» *
by reason of raising the dam to such height as may be necessary for the purpo^*^ ^
this act. In making the valuations the appraisers shall only consider the P^^^^^
values of the land and water rights, without reference to tfieir values for the V^|i
for which they are taken under the provisions of this act. Said appraisement ^^^^\^
be for the guidance «and information of the Secretary of War and Attorney-Gei»«*^ *
Sec. 4. That any person or cori^oration owning any lands or water rignts or ^ ^^
interest in lands or water rishts taken under this act, or who shall be damage* ^^^^
any way by the taking of the same, or who shall be damaged by reason of ^^^
Government dam being maintained at its present height, or by reason of raisin ^^^1^.
dam to any height that may be deemed necessary for the future supply of the J^gt
trict of Columbia and other public purposes, may within six montns after the SJt ^x-
publication of the statement provided for in section one of this act, and not ^^ squ
wards, institute suit against the United States in the Court of Claims by P^t*"^^^^
setting forth his or its ownership and derivation of title to any land or water ri -^^^iio
or to any interest therein, embraced in said statement, and setting forth any ^^^^ of
he or it may have for damages resulting from said taking, specifying the amou**,^^^
compensation or of damages claimed, and praying judgment against the Uy^*^^ |^
States therefor; and such suit shall be heart!, tried, and determined as other ^^
in said court against the United States : Provided^ That the United States Bha>^
represent>ed in such suits by special legal counsel conspicuous for known familir '
with and experience in the laws regulating riparian rights and in hydraulics.
Sec. 5. That if any such claimant has a suit now pending in said court for c*
pensation for lands or water right« heretofore taken by the United States at
Great Falls, or for damages resulting from such taking, or resulting from the ei
tion of the Government dam, or from maintaining the same at its present hei^^
such claimant may file in such suit an amended supplementary petition setting f<>^^
such additional matters and things as he may deem necessary to have before "
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3229
conrt for the proper adjudication of bis entire claims, and sncli amended supple-
mentjiry petition naviiig been filed tbe suit shall embrace all existing claims as well
88 tho8e that may arise nnder this act.
Sec. 6. That the Court of Claims is hereby authorized in its discretion to appoint
three persons, of whom two shall be skilled in hydraulic engineering, to determine
as a board of referee each and all controverted questions of faifc, to be formulated
and submitted by the conrt, arising in any suit that may be brought under tbe
authority of this act, or to which it shall apiily ; and a decision of a majority of
them, which shall bo rendered within three months from the time of submission
unless the court shall extend the time, shall be conclunive on all matters of fact
8ubiuitte<l t« the board by the court if their award shall be accepted by the court.
Sec. 7. That the judgment rendered in any such suit may be appealed to the
Supreme Conrt of the United States as are appeals from other judgtaients from said
Court of Claims.
i'KC. 8. That as said lands, water rights, and waters are taken for the use of the
District of Columbia, said judgments and the certiticates that may be issued by the
JMJcretary of War and the Attorney-General, provided for in section 2 of this act,
together with the costs and expenses incurred by the Secretary of War and the
Attorney-General in executing this act, and the fees of the commissioners and the
referees aud of special counsel and witnesses on behalf of tbe United States, shall
l»epaidby tbe Secretary of the Treasury of the United States as judgments ren-
dered by tbe Court of Claims against the District of Columbia are now paid.
Sec. 9. That persons under disability sucb as described in section ten bundred
wd sixty-nine of the Revised Statutes of the United States may bring suit at any
time within six months after disability removed.
Rkport.
Mr. Proctor, from the Committee on the District of Columbia, submitted the fol-
lowing report, to accompany S. 1359 :
^® Committee on the District of Columbia, to whom was referred tbe bill (S.
l«9) to amend an act approved July 15, 1882, entitled, *^An act to increase the
^*ter supply of the city of Wasbiugton^ and for other puri)08es, ' having carefully
considered the same, beg leave to report as follows :
fhere can be no question of greater importance to the people of any large city
|"an that of secnring a sufficient supply ot water, pure in qucility, and with a reserve
•? quantity ample for the demands of the future. Here it is not merely a local ques-
^^i but one of importance to tbe whole country as well. Washington is the tem-
J^jJ'y residence of thousands, and is visited annually by millions coming from all
Dnir ^^ ^^® country. The United States owns a large share of thje property. The
Pwolic buildings, parks, and grounds^ as a whole, are the linest in the world. The
J, 'J^'id for new buildings and other improvements will be frequent and imperative,
ine n^achinery of government must continually and steadily increase with the
th/^^® of population of the whole country. Whatever concerns the welfare of
^^ity, therefore, will become more and more of general interest.
n^^ present supply of water is not sut!icient in quantity or force for present
jQ ^ y some action must, therefore, be taken at once. The situation is so fully stated
cj,^ "® able report of Col. lilliot, of the Corps of Engineers, who is now in local
7^ /*S[e of the aqueduct and water supply, that little need be said in way of detail.
iif« f'^parian and water rights at Great Falls Jirenow owned by the Great Falls Man-
Sfi^T^Uring Company, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, and the United
(^1^ Jj^. The extent of the Government's present interest is in dispute. Tbe main
UH^^ion presenting itself to the committee is whether to recommend the taking,
ftj^j^^^ the right of eminent domain, of a supply for ordinary purposes sutHcient for
)oi^^ years to come, or whether to acquire at once all the rights to the water at that
it|^^> settle the existing differences and all danger of future controversies about
i^|^» and end forever any danger ot a short supply and the continual troul>le and
^^ of a divided ownership.
*j^ <in individual or a business corporation was in the precise situation of the Gov-
:i^^^nt, owning a part of the water rights, under the necessity of adding thereto at
ij^^ and with the certainty of needing further additions from time to time, there
c^.^eno doubt that the party would seek, as a matter of prudence and common
^^^ess foresight, to acquire the entire water right before extensive improvements
t^^^ made by the other owners which would greatly enhance the cost. And in this
i^^ "what would be good policy for an individual or private corporation would be
,^ *^ore so for the Government by reason of the certainty of continuing and increas-
l> Requirements. The supply, to be sure, is much larger than will be needed for
^^<luct purposes, so far as can be foreseen, but even for this purpose alone your
^^^iiittee believe that it would be wise to control it all.
k
3230 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
But tliere is another point worthy of consideration, and that is the rapidly incr
ing tendency toward municipal control of certain matters of public necessity and
venienco in which the entire people, all classes and conditions, have substantial!;
equal interest. In our early history turnpikes, owned by private corporations, "^
common ; toll bridges the rule, and towns and cities often obtained their ^
supply from private companies. Now, turnpikes and toll bridges are relics of
past; the water supply in larfje towns is almost without exception nowfiimisbc
the municipality, and street lighting by the city is already being considered
adopted to quite an extent.* Whether it is not feasible and economical for citi
feuerate and supply by electricity heat as well as light, is a question already mo<
f generally adopted within twenty-five years it would be no stranger than the |;
ress of the last quarter of a century. But laying this possibility aside, the m:
of lighting is a jiresent issue, and one of greater importance in this city than ia
other on account of the large number of buildings to be lighted at public expen
Already several measures providing for Government ownership of a lighting j.
have been proposed.
All the area of more than 100 feet elevation above low water at the navy-y»
now supplied by pumping, and for want of sufficient pressure all above 75 feet
probably soon require it. The line of 100 feet elevation runs in the vicini'
Florida avenue, and of 75 feet in the vicinity of Massachusetts avenue, w©
Eleventh street. The time can not be far distant when a large majority of the
dences will be elevated above this line. The vicinity of Tenallytown nas an o
tion of more than 400 feet above low tide. The pumping is now done at the j
house on U street, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth, at a large expense, ana
expense will be constantly increasing as higher lands about the city are bnil
and hi<[;her buildings constructed. It might be done with great saving foi
future by electricity generated by the water power at Great Falls.
If the entire power at Great Falls is acquired, we believe it will be ampl*
electric lighting and pumping purposes for the city. The Great Falls Power <
pany have very recently obtained new charters from the legislatures of Virj
and Maryland. Their purpose is evidently to develop the power and supp
directly, or through other companies, to the city for lighting and other purpose
There are no improvements now at Great Falls, except the aqueduct dam, built
owne<l by the United States. If the Government is ever to acquire control it sh
be done before any outlay is made by the other owners. Such outlay must be to i
a questionable investment, in view of the fact that the Government is sure tore^
an increased supply from time to time in the future, thus endangering the bnsi
of the power company and destroying or greatly lessening the value of their impr
ments, with the risk that they may not bo sufficiently recompensed. Your commi
Are, therefore, of the opinion that all the water and riparian rights at Great Falls
essary for the control and use of the entire power should be acquired at this ti
that it will be a wise economy to do so ; that ownership in part by the United St
and in part by private business corporations is a relation unwise and unsafe foi
Government, and should be terminated at once; that the other owners can affor
surrender their rights now on much better terms for the Government than after \
have made their improvements, and that no outlay of money can contribute n
than this to the future welfare of the capital of the country.
Office of thb Chisf of Engineers, U. 8. Army,
Washington, D. C, March £4, 18i
Sir: I have the honor to return herewith S. 1359 (Fifty-third Congress, 8e<
session), "A hill to amend an act approved July 15, 1882, entitled 'An act to inci
the water supply of the city of Washington, and for other purposes,"* with lett
the Committee on the District of Columbia, U. S. Senate, oi March 9, ISH,
other papers referred to this office therewith.
Attention is invited to the remarks herewith of Col. G. H. Elliot, Corps of £
neers, in immediate charge of tbe Washington Aqueduct, and to the amendmen
the bill recommended by that officer. Certain of these amendments are indie
in Copy A of the bill, herewith.
But Col. KUiot states that it is not apparent that the bill thus amended, ha
become a law, would authorize the use by the United States of water, acqn
under the bill, for actuating hydraulic machinery (turbines) located below the i
and also suggests additional amendments looking to the taking of all of the tv
flowing at Great Falls. These additional amendments are indicated on Copy
the bill, herewith.
I concur in the recommendation th{rt> the bill be amended as indicated on Cop
and further recommend that, if tbe bill is to become a law, it shall be so wordc
APPENDIX B B B ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3231
to enable the United States not only to acqniro title to all lands and water rights at
tuA in tlie ricinity of the Great Falls, but also to nse the water ho taken to actuate
machinery located anywhere, in connection with the public service of the IHatrict
of Colombia.
Very resjjectfully, yonr obedient serrant,
Thos. Lincoln Casey,
Brigadier-General f Chief of Engineern.
Hon. Daniel S. Lamont,
Secretary of War,
Officr of the Washington Aqueduct,
jyashington, JJ. C, March iiO^ 1894.
General: In respect of bill 8. 1359, Fifty -third Congress, second session. ''A bill
to amend an act approved July 15, 1882, entitled An act to increase the water sup-
ply of the city of Washington, and for other purposes," which you sent me on the
9th instant for report (E. D. 5250-1894), I beg to state as follows :
Tlie bill, it will have been observed was introduced into the Senate '*by request."
It relates exclusively to land and water rights at Great Falls, and, while it is in
most respects an excellent bill, there are certain amendments that should be made in
the interests of the United States and the District of Columbia, which is required to
pay one- half of whatever sums are to be expended for the purchase of these land
»D(i water rights.
The act of July 15, 1882, provided, among other things, for the acquisition by con-
demnation of the outstanding title, if any, to the land necessary for a dam across
the Potomac River at Great Falls, including the land then occupied by the dam, the
|jp«i required for the extension of the dam across Conns Island to and upon the
Virginia shore and the land on which the gatehouse stands. Th(f act provided
^) for the acquisition of certain unspecified water rights, and contained an appro-
priation of $45,000 to- pay for all of these* lauds (except the land occupied by the
gatehouse, which was not provided for), and for the water rights in the following
Item:
"To pay for water rights and land necessary to extend dam at Great Falls to the
nrrima shore, forty-live thousand dollars."
Toe act also contained the following item :
"For .work and material to complete the dam at Great Falls to the level of one
Mudred and forty -eight feet above tide, and extend the same to the Virginia shore,
®^^^»ndred and forty-five thousand one hundred and fifty -one dollars.''
The proceedings to be had in condemnation were prescribed as follows:
'When the map and survey are completed, the Att«»rney-General shall proceed to
•^certain the owners or claimants of the premises embraced in the survey, and shall
**'J8e to be published, for the space of thirty days, in one or more of the daily news-
P^PWB published in the District of Columbia, a deacrii)tion of the entire tract or
y^^U of land embraced in the survey, with a notice that the same has been taken
V^f the uses mentioned in this act, and notifying all claimants to any portion of said
Pfcmises to file, within its period of publication, in the Department of Justice, a
^cription of the tract or parcel claimed, and a statement of its value as estimated
y ^he claimant. On application of the Attorney -General, the chief justice of the
JJPTeme court of the District of Columbia shall appoint three persons^ not in the
rs, whose
'any tract
-, ^. _. , ^-^, .^ J . j..^~-j value the
, ?i« &nd report such valuation to the Attorney -General, who thereupon shall upon
^Dg satisfied as to the title of the same, cause to be oftered to the owner or owners
* *njount fixed by the appraisers as the value thereof; and if the offer bo accepted
At*'* '^pon the execution of a deed to the United States in form satisfactory to the
^J^^^y-General, the Secretary of War shall pay the amount to such owner or
*per8 from the appropriation made therefor in this act.
^ JQinaking the valuation the appraisers shall only consider the present value of
* . ^^ without n^ference to its value for the uses for which it is taken under the
uXl^^onsofthisact.
The appraisers shall each receive for their services five dollars for each day's actual
u^^ iu making the said appraisements.
j^,^'iy person or corporation having any estate or interest in any of the lands
^oraced in 8.aid survey and map who shall for any reason not have been tendered
P yinent therefor as above provi<led or who shall have declined to liccept the amount
^Mered therefor, and any person who, by reason of the taking of said land, or by
JJ* construction of the works hereinafter directed to be constructed, shall be
'^ctly injured in any property right, may, at any time within one year from the
]
3232 REPOET OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
publication of uotice by the Attorney -General as above provided, filo a petition in
the Court of Claims of tUe United States setting forth hin right or title arLci the
amount claimed by him as damage for the property taken or injury sustained ; aUd
the said court nhall hear and adjudicate such claims in the same manner as other
claims ngainst the United States are now by law directed to be heard and adj udV
cated therein : Provided, That the court shall make such special rules in respoct to
such cases as shall secure their hearing and adjudication with the least poB.sible
delay."
The act also contained the following requirements :
'Mudgment in favor of such claimants shall be paid as other judgments af said
court are now directed to be paid; and any claimant to whom a lender shall Iiave
been made as hereinbefore authorized and who shall have declined to accept; the
same, shall,t unless he recover an amount greater than that so tendered, be taxed ^«vitli
the entire cost of the proceeding;. All claims for value or damages on account of
ownership of any interest in said premises, or on account of injury to a property
right by the construction of said works, shall, unless a petition for the recovery
thereof be hlod within one year from the date of the tirst publication of notic-e l>y
the Attorney-General as above directed, be forever barred : Provided j That owut--r» or
claimants laboring under any of the disabilities defined in the statute of limitatrionB
of the District of Columbia may file a petition at any time within one year from ^"**
removal of the disability.
**l^pon the publication of the uotice as above directed, the Secretary of War *'*.^?
take possessic'U of the premises embraced in the survey and map, and proceed '^^I'^t
the constructions herein authorized; and upon payment being made therefor, or ^^''i^"'
out payment, upon the expiration of the times above limited with<mt the filing €yf^
jjetition, an absolute title to the premises shall vest in the United States." ^
The dam was extended and completed as specified in the years 1884 -*8u at a co?^* °*
about $140,000.
1 was not phiced in charge of the aqueduct till several years afterwards, but i ^, ^^^
be stated that neither the land occupied by the dam, which was takeu by the ri^"
of eminent domain, nor the water rights have been paid for. ' ..
The following claims for the land and water rights taken ond the damages rt-a**^**
ing Irom the taking were filed:
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, by Lewis C. Smith, president, a c-l^**
for $600,900.
The Great Falls Manufacturing Company, by Benjamin F. Hutler, president.
The claims of this company were stated iu the following terms: .^^
"If the condemnation be for all of its water rights, the company estimate^^ ^
damage at $1,(XX),900 and claims this amount. * - hb
"If the condemnation be for one-half of 8ai<l rights, then tlie eompanv cli**"*
$500,000. ' .
"If the United States shall consent to let the company draw from the dam th& ^»-»€jr
plus an<l unused water and shall provide the means for such drawing,, a fu*"^*^
reduction of the claim will be made." ^^
I send herewith a plat explanatory of this report, in which I shall endeavo*^ ^f
draw attention to the great importance of a careful and cautious consideration^
the bill.
uy
The plat shows Conns Island, the Maryland and Virginia channels separat^^^ ^^m
it, and the site of the dam, about 3,000 feet long, as it now exists, extending ^"^^
shore to shore of the river. -^be
The dam as it was at the date of the piissage of the act extended out froisJ*^ ^^^n
Maryland shore of the river above the falls and below the intake of the Washin.^^ ^>34
Aciueduct, across the Maryland channel to the shore of Conns Island, and was ^_^
feet long. The necessity of the extension of the dam provided for in the act u ^
from the fact that by reason of its narrow width, shallow depth, and its obsC>'
tions, the Maryland channel wiis found to be inadequate to furnish to the aqm
all the water required to meet the increasing demands upon it.
The land taken under the act mainly consisted of a narrow strip extending
the medivmfduin aquae of the Virginia channel to the western shore of Conns Isl-
thence across Conns Island to the eastern shore; thence to tlie medium filum aqm^
the Maryland channel. The strip did not extend from the medium filum ckquaeo^ ^
Virginia channel to the Virginia shore for the reason (see the plat) that the Uc» *
States was already, from 1854, a riparian owner at the Virginia end of the proj*^^
extension of dam.
There was also included in the taking a small triangulur portion of the bed 9^
A irginia channel between the w»e:diH7«//iiwa</M«t' of the channel and the Virginia »l*
that was not covered by the riparian right of the United States as an owner on ^
shore, thc5 lot on which the gate house stands, and also the land on the iiary^^^ ^f
shore below this lot, extending to the shore, and covering iu addition that pr
Ik
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in
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JftfT
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ill
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON* AQUEDUCT. 3233
t^le6^er-bed site of the Maryland end of the old dain that was not already the prop-
©Vue^'f the Tuited States.
oiue area of the land taken is in all about 21 acres. Of this about 8| acres are on
C^ims Island ; about 2^ acres are on the Maryland shore ; about 7 acres are on the
bed of the Potomac, in the Virginia channel, and about 2| acres are on the bed of
the Potomac, in the Maryland channel — in other words, about one-half of the entire
area is (;overe<l by water.
Great Falls is a series of rapids in the river, extending about one-half or three-
fourths of a jiiile, in the course of which the river falls about 70 foet. It is about
16 miles above Washintjton. The eastern shore of the river is in Montgomery
Conuty, Md., and the Jurisdiction of Maryland extends to the western shore, which
is in Fairfax County, Va. The three principal owners of the lands adjacent to
Great Falls are the Great Falls Manufacturing Company, the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal Company, and the United States. A fairly good estimate may be fof med of
the extent of their respective ownerships by an inspection of the plkt and compar-
uigtbe lengths of the mainland and island shores owned by them.
The only existing improvement of water rights at the falls is the aqueduct dam
hniltby the United States.
Conns island is above the falls proper. It is about 3,500 feet long, about 1,000
feet wide at the widest place, ard about 670 feet wide at the place near the foot of
the island where it is crossed by the extension of the aqueduct dam. Itsnxisis
•hont parallel with the thread of the current of the river, which at the falls runs
about dne south. The island is low and, where it is crossed by the extension of the
paoi, rocky. It is cut up by numerous channels, and the major part of the entire
m?*^?®' during ordinary spring freshets, overflowed by the river.
The island is unimproved and uninhabited. The land is of butlittle value, if any.
As a riparian owner, the Great Falls Manufacturing Company claims an interest in
*«e Water that flows both in the Maryland and Virginia channels, and it is this
^^nership that has been the basis of litigation and of claims against the United
Isl ^^^ thirty years. The United States is a riparian owner opposite Conns
n* l>oth on the Virginia and Maryland shores, and if the assumption that the
P ^portion of right of control of the water flowing in an unnavigable channel, held
^J each of two opposite riparian owners, does not depend on the relative lengths of
of *th ^^^J^ lines be correct, then it would appear that the United States has as much
th^ right of control of the water flowing on each side of Conns Island as have
'^£ owners of the island.
mor*^^ on the Maryland shore at Great Falls may be worth $200 an acre, but not
J ?• I am told that land on the Virginia shore is worth from $20 to $30 an acre.
ai)^ ^**^te attention to the following important points in the act of July 15, 1882,
^/J »U Senate bill 1359.
»ii J^^ The amount authorized by Congress to be expended under the act is, for land
^^ater rights at Great Falls, limited to $45,000.
tjj^^^ amount that, for the same object, may be expended under the provisions of
rij>t ^^n if enacted in its present form, and if the prices for the land and the water
^jj^*« can be agreed on with the owners, is apparently unlimited. In tlie cases
at)^^^ there be no agreement the owners may institute suits in the Court of Claims,
!rr^ ^te judgments of the court are apparently to be paid without limit by the
^w^^wry Department.
«^J The act contains the following provision :
fr^i^ |ii making the valuation the apppaisers shall only consider the present value of
|>^»^ *and without reference to its value for the uses for which it is taken under the
•;»>^i8ions of this act."
^-^-^^ere is no such provision in the bill, but for the reason that the value of its
^t^^^T supply to Wiishington or any increase thereof is inestimable, there being no
^i^t^^ard of values that can properly be applied to it, I think it important that a pro-
^^^^n similar to the foregoing should be applied to the. water rights as well as the
- JX at Great Falls to be taken under the terms of the bill.
"^^r^^ !^ ) The billreqtiires that the land and water rights at Great Falls are to be taken
^*\|^^e extent that may be deemed '* necessary for the present and future supply of
^*^ •' District of Columbia, the water so taken to be used for any an(\ all purposes."
^1 >^^ is not contained in the act which the bill proposes to amend. The present sup-
^^-^^ to the city is about 45,000,000 gallons per diem. If provision is to be made for
^-^i ^'"♦^ ''"PPb% cither in this bill or elsewhere, the amount should, I think, be stated
* .^^00,000,000 gallons per diem. This, for the reason that from computations that
^5^^^,ade after the last census of Washington (1890), I found the supply per diem per
^^j[^ita to be about 200 gallons, and I am of the opinion that if we are now to make
^Vfcvl'*"^*'"^^^^ ^^^ *^^ *"°® provision should be made for not less than 1,000,000
'^ abitants.
"^j^^^-^) The bill provides (section 2) that in cases of agreement with the owners as to
^ prices of land and water rights taken, and where there be disagreements in cases
ENG 94 203
3234 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
of judginents rendered by the Conrt of Claims, the officials specified in t
"shall have authority to enter into contracts with the owners of the land su
to the Great Falls, respectively, to secure to the latter the right to use, aud fa
for using, so much of the water of the Potomac as may not be taken as aforesi
used by the United States. And to this end they may authorize or perm
structures to be made as may be necessary and the value of any rights thus ^
shall be received in part payment of the land and water rights taken as afor
There is nothing referring to these contracts in the act, and it is difficult to
stand the full meaning and intention of this provision. Whatever they ma^
seems to be clear that the bill contemplates that the United States shall secun
owners of land at Great Falls tho facilities for using, as well as the right to i
of tbe flow of the Potomac that may not be taken and used by the United St
Let us suppose, for instance, that the United States, for itself and the Dis
Columbia, "takes'' under the provisions of the bill, that is to say, acquirer
exercise of the' right of eminent domain the right to take 200,000,000 gal
water per diem. The quantity that may be "taken and used" is different
the quantity sent down and to be sent down to Washington through the aq
and future additions to the aqueduct. It will increase from year to year, :
bill contemplates such increase without additional compensation to tne o^
the land and water right^s, up to the limit of the quantity "taken."
Lean best explain the point I wish to make, in respect of this part of the '
figures.
In a snit against the United States for damages in the sum of $500,000 by th
Falls Manufacturing Company, as owners of Conns Island (in which judgmi
rendered in 1879 against the United States for $15,692), it was agreed on by c
and accepted by the court, that the low-water flow of the Potomac should b€
at 1,065 cubic feet per second, say 700,000,000 gallons per diem. Excluding tl
of freshets, the average flow may be said to be at least 6,500,000,000 gallons pe
In times of very high water and freshets it is much greater, and in the flood
it was at*the rate probably of not less than 305,650,000,000 gallons per diem. *
Assuming, for illustration, that the quantity of water now " taken and us*
the United States is, say, 45,000,000 gallons per diem, and that the quantit
"taken" uilder the provisions of the bill be 200,000,()00 gallons per diem, t
would require that the United States shall secure to the owners of the land
cent to the falls the facilities for using (and also the right to use) the fol
quantities of water per diem :
During low-water flow, say, 655,000,000 gallons now, decreasing to 500,000,<
Ions when the limit of the quantity " taken," say, 200,000,000 gallons per diei
be reached.
During average flow (excluding freshets), say, 6,455,000,000 gallons now, dec
to 6,300,000,000 gallons when the above-mentioned limit shall be reached.
To these quantities should be added the constantly varying (decreasing) dif
between the quantity of water "taken" and the quantity of water *'used," i
ter quantity, as said before, being at this time, say, 45,000,000 gallons per di<
To "secure" to the owners of the land and water rights at Great Falls the
ties for using the remainder of the flow of the Potomac (whether this remain
as it would be, more than two-thirds of the low-water flow and about 97 p
of the average flow), may mean either to provide these facilities and keep 1
re]>air t or to make the facilities certain.
The explanatory words "authorize and permit" in the next sentence seem
elude the first«of these meanings; but if it should be held to be tlie true c
United States would either be obliged to make a cut or cuts in the aquedu
through which this remainder could be drawn, or to construct a dam bel
aqueduct dam to collect, and from behind which could be transmitted to the
factories and other works below the falls the water flowing over the aquedu«
The first of these would be inadmissible, for the reason that any cut or cuts
*Prof. Babb, Araeriran Society Civil Engineers, of the Geological Surve
paper on the Hydrography of the Potomac* Ba^in (1891), gives the following a
of flow of the Potomac at Great Falls. His statements are in cubic feet, and
reduced them to gallons :
Average flow of the Potomac at Greflt Falls f in gallons per diem,
1886 8,107.128,000 I 1889 21,327,
1887 7,698,240,000 1 1890 13,846,
1888 9,956,020,000 , 1891 17,44i»,:
fin the claim of the Great Falls Manufacturing Company (see antr) are t
lowini; words: " If the United States * • » shall provide the means fc
drawing." •
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. • 3235
aqnednct dam would iiupair and make irregular the supply to the city through the
ftqneduct. To construct across the Virginia Channel a dam below the aqueduct dam
would cost, say, $150,000.
The second supposed meaning being adjudged the true one, the word "secure"
would simply have reference to the manner ot drawing up the contract referred to
in the section.
The closing words of section 2, viz, "and the value of any rights thus granted"
to the owners of the land and water rights "shall be received in part payment of
land and water rights taken as aforesaid," are difficult to understand. It requires a
qnantity to bo deducted from another quantity less than itself.
The value to each of the owners of the water rights at Great Falls is the value of
his share of the water of the river flowing at that point, and may be stated at a rate
P«r 1,000,000 gallons per diem. The share may be uoed by its owner for a supply for
domestic purposes, or for power, or for both, or he may sell it. The value of the
land, apart from the value of the water rights, is its value for sites of manufactories
below the falls; for sites of dwellings for workmen and others, and for the location
of canals leading from the head of the falls to the works.
In the case supposed, the United States *• takes "under the operation of section 1
pi the bill, that is, secures a right to take, a water supply for a population of 1,000,000
inhabitants, say, 200,000,000 gallons per diem. This is the "water right taken."
fhe United States also " takes " about 21 acres of land, about one-half of it being in
we bed of the Potomac and the other half being a rocky and nucultivable strip
•CTose Conns Island. This is the " laud taken."
Ihe words " rights thus granted," near the end of section 2, refer to the right to be
J^nred to the owners of the land by the United States of using, as has just been
«plained, the remainder of the flow of the Potomac, say two- thirds of the low-
1 fJSn'^^^ *^^^ about 97 per cent of the average flow. The value of the water per
'^yP,COO gallons per diem (whether it be the water to be taken by the United States,
'tbe remainder to be secured to two of the owners of the falls — the third owner
^j^gthe United States) should be same in each case, but in section 2 it is said " the
Wat ^ of any rights thus granted shall be received in part payment of the land and
ater rights taken." The value of the water "rights thus granted," is immensely
Q P*^,or to the valne of the " water right taken," as may be seen by comparing the
J^*^»tity of water "granted" with the quantity of water "taken," and the difficulty
V ''^derstanding what is intended by requiring that the value of the former shall
^ ''eceived in part payment of the latter is not explained by the fact that in addi-
th **|^*^® "water rights taken" there was "land taken," for, being above the falls,
Wat ^^^ is not valuable for any of the purposes just mentioned, and apart from its
tJ.*^ rights it is certainly not worth more than $1,000.
. -*^*, IIIK^Al* fliA 4'AwMa nf 4-'l%£% Ivill oil ^f 4-1.^ -rwr n 4- n. w ■mi r^Vt *■ r, a4 n«.n«4- IT'rkllra ^1««^^>. 4.^ ^m..^
but ^ *^® owners of the water rights — the intention of section 2 would be apparent,
for ^^^ ^^^^ gives authority to " take" only the quantity of water deemed necessary
rj the present and future supply of the District of Colnmbia, say 200,000,000 gallons
• r diem. The intention of tne section would also be apparent if it should, in the
A'J^ion of the drawer of the bill, have been considered that the value per 1,000,000
J »'Oiis of the water to be " granted " back and secured to the owners of the land is
, ^*J©dingly small as compared with the value per 1,000,000 gallons of the water to
"® 'taken " by the United States.
^'» as might be inferred from the bill, the coowners with the United States
Ually own all the remainder of the water that is not drawn from the river by the
^?'*^nct, I do not see the necessity or, as there is a question as to this ownership,
aft* ^'^P"®ty of confirming it by contracts. I think, therefore, that all of section 2
jj t* t|ie word "entitled" in line 7 and all of section 3 comprised between and
,j V^^ing the word "and" in line 6 and the word "States'' in line 9 should be
Y^ken out of the bill.
vis ^^ ^*^^ have been observed that provision was made in the act of 1882 andpro-
'^n is made in this bill for the ascertainment and payment of dsimnges. Thedam-
th«^ .^^forred to are damages to water rights ; that is, the diversion of water from
bv ^^^^'®'' ^^o'^o *lio falls through the aqueduct to Washington. This is evidenced
1^ **^ claims tiled under the provisions of the act and by previous claims and by
wb* *v'* ^^ *^® Great Falls Manufacturing Company against the United States, to
^j,jj**:b reference has already been made. That caution should be observed in the
^ Jl^'leration of what the bill contains respecting these damages is made manifest:
fil©^ ^y comparing the magnitude of the extravagant claims for damages already
c^to ^^^^ *^® very small proportion of the water now diverted and of the water that
^^ nnder the terms of the bill be diverted to Washington as compared with the
wti ^^^ ^^ *^® river, and by comparing also the amount of these claims with the
j^"^»nnt. ($45,000) that Congress in its act of 18^2 deemed sufficient to pay for all the
^ ^Qd water rights at Great Falls that were to be taken under the act.
3236 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
CB) By an inspoctiou of the plat entitled ''Great Falls of the Potomac and Vicii
ity," which accompanies tliis report, it will be seen that, thanks to the wise foresiglw^^
about forty yearn ago, of the late Gen. Meigs, the Uuit-ed States is owner of atra<
(of about 6 acres) at the Virginia end of the dam; that it is owner of a tract (>
about 20 acres) called ''Resurvey of Hard tocomeat;" thatitishalf ownerof atra
(of about 99 acn^s) called ''Resurvey on Hard to come at;" including Falls Islan.
and that it is owner of a lot (of about 5^ acres) on which stands the watchman ga
keeper's house, being a part of a tract called Goose Pond.
The total area of these lands is about 130j| acres, and their cost to the Uui
States, including the cost of the water rights belonging to them, was $3,720.
It is also owner of the right (conferred by the decision in 1879 in the case of
suit of the Great Falls Manufacturing Company against the United States) of m
tainin^ the dam across the Maryland channel at its present height of 148 feet ab
the height of low tide at the navy-yard at Washington.
As the purchases of the land mentioned carried with them all the water ri
belonging to them, it would appear, and I have no doubt, although it has so far
can discover not heretofore been stated or asserted, that the United States is of ri
entitled to more than one-third of all the water rights at Great Falls, <ind is th
fore entitled to more than one-third of all the water flow ing there. For the reason
the 45,000,000 gallons per diem now diverted from the river for the supply of W
ington is, as has been before stated, but a small fraction of this proportional pacr^ t^
the water, and for the reason that even if there should be diverted the 200,00(^ ^C
gallons per diem required for a population of 1,000,000 of inhabitants, this pro -^><
lional part WQuld still not be nearly reached. I think it extremely doubtful i :k'
respect of their wat«r rights the other owners of land ad^jacent to the falls have ^^^v
been, or will ever be, damaged b^ the United States by the withdrawal frook. til
river of the water supply of Washington.
(C) I find in the brief of special counsel for the United States in the suit of" t;!
Great Falls Manufacturing Company against the United Stai;es for damages to ^nr^s^'tc
rights of the former by the construction of the dam across the Maryland cbamia i^e
wnich suit was decidea in 1879, the following important statement respecting t:fa
Toulson tract owned by the Great Falls Manufacturing Company ;
**While we do not think the Toulson tract and the riparian rights appurt&»^»"
thereto have been invaded by the United States, and contend that they ar^ ^^^^
entitled to consideration in the present cjwe, we deem it proper, in view of the ^ 1^"^<3
which the ascertainment of those rights by the court might have upon a ft* "fe***
extension of the dam, to state distinctly our position. .
*'(1) The court of appeals of Maryland, in a proceeding between the parties <^^^^^- :
present suit, held that the State of Maryland, by legislative grant, had conferr^^^»,
18.53, upon the United States the soil between the V^irginia low- water mark an&
medium filutn aquoi extending from a point above to a point below the falls {2X~
Rep., p. 119, and pp. 375, 376, 377, record; Baltimore v. McKim, 3 Bl., 453).
"The riparian right appnrtenant to the Toulson tract has thus become re«^*ikf»-'^
"(2) The court of Maryland had jurisdiction of the re8 because it was incl"^
within the grant to Lord Baltimore in 1632 (see Bacon*M laws of Maryland, vo
p. — ); and because, further, no act of Maryland has ever ceded this jurisdio
and there is nothing to show that Virginia ever claimed it."
If my inference drawn from this statement be the true one, then the Great
Manufacturing Company, apart from the rights conferred by its ownership of C
Island above the falls, has no interest in the water rights (water) at Great P*
and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company's laud being cut otf from the t^
channel of the river by the interposing land of the United States bordering o
channel, called " Hard to come at," the United States owns of right by far the gri
part of all the water rights at the fstlls. Without regard to its water right
Toulson tract is, however, the most valuable land at the falls, it containing, as b
stated, the best site for manufactories and other works below the falls, and al»
remains of the old Potomac Canal constructed by Gen. Washington in 1785, whL
the best, if not the only, location practicable for a canal froni the head of the
to these sites.
For the reason that the two coowners with the United States at Great Fall*
no doubt employ, in the trials of the suits for damages that are to be had i
Court of Claims in case of failure of the United States to agree with these o
as to values, lawyers skilled in such cases, I think it most important that the
section of the bill be so amended as to authorize and direct the employment b«
United States in these suits of special legal couusel conspicuons for known fi
iarity with and experience in the laws regulating riparian rights and in hydrai.
The eighth section of the bill, also, should be so amended as to provide for pay
of this counsel and of witnesses on behalf of the Government. » • •
The amendments that I have suggested, and a few others, the objects of whict^
be apparent, would, I believe, thoroughly guard the interests of the United &^
-SA
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. . .. 3237
and the District of Columbia, and, for the reasons that follow, I think it of very
^eat importance that, as amended, the bill be passed as soon as possible. The leg-
, wlation provided for in the bill as amended, is, in my estimation, more important
than auy other that has been enacted since the construction of the aqueduct.
(1) The decision of the Court of Claims of 1879 having been mainly in respect of the
damage to the owners of Conn's Island by reiison of the abutting ou that island of
the dam across the Maryland channel (or rjither by reason of an agreement as to this
damage iu 1862 between the Secretary of the Interior and the Great Falls Manufac-
tnrinc Company, which the United 'St.Tte8, in the suit decided in 1879, claimed to
have been illegal), there has not been since the extension of the dam to the Virginia
shore, nor at any time, a jndicial decision of the extent of the rights of the United
States at Great Falls, and this bill lurnishes an opportunity for such decision. When
the decision has been made, it would operate for all time, and, when future additions
to the Washington water supply have to be made from time to time, as the popula-
tion increases, therequiredfquantities can bo t:iken from the river without further
action of the courts and without further legislation of Congress, except the making
w the appropriations necessary for raising the dam and other works, if any, required
for these additions.
(2) The lands at Great Falls taken by the United States from the Great Falls Man u-
rftfio°'*"f ^^'"P^^y under the operation of and by direction of the act of July,
io82, and several small parcels of land taken, also without payment, from the Chesa-
P^J^^and Ohio Canal Company, a portion under the operation of the act of July 15,
ru ^^^ *^® remainder at previous times, have never been paid for.
The lands taken frem the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company are: The lot at
^r^at Falls on which stands the gatehouse that regulates the supply of water
urough the aqueduct to Washington ; the land extending from this lot to the Mary-
th^ 1 ^^*"^ ^^ ^^® river, including the right to pass the aqueduct under the canal;
J® land under which is the npper portion of tunnel No. 1, and the land occupied by
j^^^uednct between the gatehouse and the head of this tunnel; a paroel of land
^^Y ntgomery County, Md., occupied by a portion of the aqiieduct, and a parcel
land m the District of Colnmbia occupied by the mains leading from the distrib-
"^JJig reservoir to the city.
^ ^m told that the charters of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, derived
ho)'? ^^^ United States and from Maryland, provide that no adverse possession shall
_*d aflrftinaf. anw /if ifa Tkrnna-r-ti aa If this bo tho caso, au application of the statuto
be deemed proper and advisable, could not be made
^ , some of which have been occupied by the works of
® Washington Aqueduct for nearly forty years, and the bill snonld be so amended
^ . ^ include these lands, to the end that their values may be judicially and fairly
^jUnined and paid to the owners.
jj^ ^^) The question of what are the rights of the United States at Great Falls, how
^l^^^liof the water of the river it is entitled to, should be settled. The language of
1 \^i^l8«oni8 to imply that these rights are very small in comparison with other
hi* ' *^**' *^® drawing for the Washington supply of the small quantity of water
Ji ''^toforo used and now used (that is to say, small in comparison with future wants)
^^ been and is an infringement on the riglits of others, and that damage has been
Ita?-^ to others. If this be the case, the facts should be known before any new obli-
g***^ion8 are created. The time has now come when the water supply of Washington
^'*%t be increased. It is imperative that the present dam at Great Falls be raised
j^ '''^ughout its entire length as soon as an appropriation can be obtained for this
^irpose, and it is my intention to submit an estimate for the work in my next annual
^iinates. The necessity for this arises from the fact that in summer during the low
Ij ^Res of the river I find it impossible to keep the distributing reservoir up to the
|^*Kht of 146 feet above datum, which is required for tho full service of the mains
^^**ing from the reservoir to the city. During these low stages of the river the
^S^«dnct at its intake lacks, in respect of its height, about 2^ feet of being full, and
♦|/^ dam must be raised accordingly. If the dam be raised 2^ feet, not only would
^j ^ition'al quantity of water^from Groat Falls will have been obtained by the exer-
'^?f* of the right of eminent domain, provided for in the bill, and the work can go on
j^*^'^out delay. Otherwise the work maybe enjoined in the Maryland court and
^® to be suspended until the legal questions be decided.
¥^^^^) It is desirable that all existing contentions and claims against the United States
J^ttled judicially and fairly iu the manner proposed in the bill as amended.
* he atnendments that I would propose J
^ Copy of the bill herewith, marked A:
't;!^**^^ atiiendments that I would propose are as follows, and they will be found in
J Copy of the bill herewith, marked A:
%^J^ Section 1, line 13, insert after the word "all" the word '* public," and in the
^j ^^® line striko out the words " ninety days" and insert the words ''six mouths,"
^ Jn line 30 insert aft«r the word "amendment" the words **or otherwise."
3288 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
In section 2 insert after the word "height" in line 5 the words '* or by rais
da m to such height as may be necessary for the purpose of this act/' and str
all of the section after the word "entitled *' in line 7.
In section 3, after the word "height" in line 6, insert the words *' or by rej
raising the dam to such height as may be necessary for the purpose of this a
making the valuations the appraisers shall only consider the present values
land and water rights, without reference to their values for the uses for whi<
are taken under tneprovisions of this act." And strike out all of the words fr<
including the word " and" in line 6 to and including the word " States" in li
In section 4, after the word "height" in line 6, insert the words "or by re
raising the dam to such height as may be necessary for the purpose of this ao
after the word " States " in line 17 add the words " Providedf That the United,
shall bo represented in such suits by special legal counsel conspicuous for
familiarity with and experience in the laws regulating riparian rights i
hydraulics." t
In section 6, lines 2 and 3, strike out the words " one or more" and insert th.<
"two."
In section 8, line 7, after the word " referees," insert the words "and of e
counsel and witnesses on behalf of the United States."
It will have been observed that the water to be "taken" under the provifl
the bill is strictly for the supply of the District of Columbia, and that the
" the water so taken to be used for any and all purposes, " in the twelfth an
tecnth lines of section 1, refer to use of the water in the District of Columbia
not apparent that should the bill become a law the use of Potomac water w<
extended to purposes other than the purposes of its present use, viz, domes!
ply, supply of the public buildings, street washings, and hydraulic power in tl
triot of Columbia. The use for hydraulic power in the District of Columbia it
very limited by reason of the capacity of the aqueduct and of any probable ad<
to the a.'xueduct. Should it be desired to use turbines below the falls to o
electric generators for transmitting electric power to Washington and lightii
public buildings, no portion of the water to be acquired under the bill could h
for these turbines. If Congress would authorize the taking, under the operal
the provisions of the bill, of all the water flowing at Great Falls, there woo
only bo no limit to the quantity of water available for supply to the Distri<
there would doubtless be an abundance of water remaining for hydraulic macl
(turbines) below the falls, sufficient to operate a number of electric generator
quate not only for the lighting of the Capitol and all the other public buildin
lighting of all of our streets, and possibly for the working of machinery for tl
ing of water to the rapidly increasing portion of the District that is above tb
that can be supplied by gravity.
For these reasons I think it would be wise that the United States acquire
under the exercise of the right of eminent domain provided for in the bill,
the water and water rights at Great Falls, their owners to be paid the amon
be ascertained in the fair and just manner described in the bill.
For the reason that the capacity of a river for supply or power or both i
probably be measiired by its low- water flow, its greater flows being iuterm
the capacity of the Potomac at Great Falls may, according to the flnding
Court of Claims in 1879, be considered as 700,000,000 gallons of water per
Deducting, say, 200,000,000 gallons for the supply of the Washington of the i
there would never fail to remain "for power to boused for the purposes sug
and any others that the public wants of the United States and the District of (
bia may develop a daily supply of less than 500,(XX),000 gallons, say 772 cub
per second. The fall is, as before stated, about 70 feet.
In view of the foregoing I have prepared another copy of the bill (marked
which are the following suggested amendments:
In section 1 strike ont the words "sucli land and " in line 9 and insert the
"all the." Strike out the word "above" inline 10 and insert the words "
vicinity of." Strike out, in lines 10, 11, and 12, the words " as they may deem
sary for the present and future supply for suid District of Columbia." Afl
word " all," in line 13, insert the word "public." After the word "purposes,"
13, insert the words "and also such land as may be necessary for these pur^
Strike out the words "ninety days" in line 13 and insert the Avords '*uine rao
Strike ont, in lines 17, 18, and J9, the words ** and also the quantity of water p
necessary for the above purposes (in aildition to the amount already appror
and paid for)" and substitute therefor the words " exclnding the lands alroaa
chased by the United States and paid for," and in line 30, after the word "a
ment," insert the words ** or otherwise."
In section 2, after the word " height " in line 5, insert the words " or by raisi
dam to any height that may bo deemed necessary for the future supply of th
trict of Cohimbia, and other public purposes," and strike out all of tne sectioi
the word "entitled," in lino 7.
mag 53 3
APPENDIX B B B ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 8239
In section 3, after the word "height" in line 6, InBert the words '*or by reason of
raising the dam to snch height as may be necessary for the purpose of this act. In
making the valuations the appraisers shall only consider the present values of the
land and water rights without reference to their values for the uses for which they
are taken nuder the provisions of this act/'and strike out all of the words from and
including the word *'and'* in line 6 to and including the word *' States'^ in line 9.
In section 4, after the word " height*' in line 6, insert the words ''or by reason of
raising the dam to any height that may be deemed necessary for the future supply
of the District of Columbia and other public purposes/' and after the word "States''
in line 17 add the words " Provided, That the United States shall be represented in
such suits by special legal counsel conspicuous for known familiarity with and
experience in the laws rejjulating riparian rights and in hydraulics."
in section 6, lines 2 and 3, strike out the words " one or more " and insert the word
*• two."
In section 8, line 7, after the word "referees," insert the words "and of special
counsel and witnesses on behalf of the United States."
I should add that the lands and water rights at Great Falls appear to be unsettled
in respect of their titles, and that I am informed that the claim of the Great Falls
Manufacturing Company to the title of the Toulson tract, on the Virginia side of the
river, is not acknowledged by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, which once
own«'d and still claims to own the property.
I should also add that it is well understood that the land and water rights of the
Great Kails Manufacturing Company have been for some years for sale ; also that
there is now pending in the Maryland legislature a chartc.r giving to a corporation
entitled the Great Falls Power Company authority to erect such dams or other
structures in the Potomac River between the Great Falls and the United States
aqueduct dam as may be necessary for the objects and purposes set forth in the
charter, which include the selling and leasing of water power, the using of the samo
for nianufa(*turing and other purposes, and for generating, transmitting, selling, or
leasing electricity, electric power and light, with the provision that nothing in the
act * •snail be construed to give said Great Falls Power Company authority to inter-
fere with any existing rights of the United States." In caseof saleof the company's
land and water rights there might be no result other than the succession of a new
claimant and litigant against the United States to the Great Falls Manufacturing
Company, but in case oi the granting of the charter just mentioned by the State of
Maryland (it has, as I understand, been already granted by the State of Virginia) I
should say that if it be held or claimed that such increase is not covered by an exist-
ing right, any attempt by the United States to increase the water supply of the Dis-
trict of Columbia would, in the absence of legislation such as is proposed by Senate
bill No. 1359, be very likely to lead to contention and litigation.^
In conclusion I may remark that the legislation ])rovided for in the bill as amended
seems to me to be of the highest importance to the United States and the District of
Columbia, and, in respect of the water supply of the District of Columbia, more
important than any that has been enacted since the completion of the aqueduct
thirty years ago. I have pointed out what appear to me to be the objectionable
features of the bill ; I have suggested additions that seem to me important, and I
believe the bill — if it bo amended as proposed — will thoroughly guard the interests
both of the United States and the District of Columbia.
1 do not think the amendments that I have suggested can reasonably be opposed
by either of the two coowners with the United States of the land and water rights
at Great Falls, except perhaps in respect of the amendment of section 2, by striking
out all of the section after the word " entitled," in line 7. The legislation proposed in
this portion of the section would no doubt be of enormoiis advantage to these coowners,
bnt in my judgment it would be in the highest degree inimical to the interests both
of the I'nited States and the District of Columbia, and it would be likely to lead to
innumerable lawsuits.
The papers ar«^ herewith returned.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
George H. Elliot,
Colonel of Engineers,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of EngineerSf U. S. Armyy Washington^ D, C.
* I understand that the charter referred to has been granted, but that before the
pa<t»sage of the act the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Conipauy caused to be inserted
in the charter a provision that no works shall bo constructed by the Great Falls
Power Company until the plans have been submitted lo the trustocs of the canal
company, and to the board of public works of Maryland, and approved l»y earh.
Ap ajireenient is then t<o be entered into and a bond liled. The United States, Avliich
has more at 8 take, is not thus protected.
3240 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Appendix 4.
8KLF-PUKTFICATION OF THK KIVBK IJMMAT, SWITZERLAND.*
The new drainage system of the town and suburbs of Zurich dates from tl
1883^ and was constructed to utilize the collected sewage in irrigating a i
aboiit 300 acres of land, situated about 2 miles below the town, specially ac'
for that purpose by the corporation at a cost of over £40,000. Owing, howe
local opposition, the irrigation was deferred; and, in the meantime, the s
main discharges into a collecting well close to the left bank of the Liuims
point about 1,090 yards below the pumping station of the water works; and
discharges into the river by three 25-inch pipes, which are laid obliquely
course of the river, the outfall taking plaoe in midstream, 66 feet from either
Tlie average delivery of sewage is 4,400,000 gallons, the maximum being 11, (
gallons per day; whilst the average flow of the Limmat,- including the Rive:
IS 1,980,000,000 gallons per day'; the sewage, therefore, represents about 0.2 per
the average daily volume of the river. The pollution of the Limmat by this <
naturally raised great objections on the part of the riparian population in the
diate vicinity ; not only because it was likely to damage iron and timber stru
and wat^er wheels by the action of ammonia and deposit of mud, but on accc
the injury to be apprehended to the public health and pisciculture. The i]
which was instituted into this matter demonstrated the fact of neither chl
sulphides, nitrogen, nor ammonia being present in any excessive quantit;
showed that the impure matter contained in the sewage is largely decomposed
it reaches the point of outfall. Subsequently a series of bacteriological investi^
was undertaken by the Hygienic Institute of Zurich, t with the view of aacert
whether the changes which the Limmat water undergoes owing to the sewage i
with it render it unfit for pisciculture and the domestic purposes for wnic
used lower down the river.
The inquiry was conducted by weekly investigations, extending from Jam
April, 1889, a season when the volume of the river is lower and more constau
any other time of the year. Samples of the water were taken at different b1
(ranging according to the velocity of the river on each day, over a distance of
10 miles), not simultaneously, but in succession; and Were, within an hour
after being taken, put under cultivation according to the bacteriological n
already referred to. In a table appended hereto, the author has worked out, ext
and arranged in an intelligible form the results of these investigations; to
with the meteorological data, and the volumes and velocities of the river as
they relate to the ten days on which samples were taken at all the nine stati
succession ; deducing therefrom the average number of bacteria and rate of sel
fication at each station, as the only satisfactory method of arriving at a r
conclusion.
From the table referred to it will be seen (1) that 96 per cent of the precip
takes place within 0.3 mile below the sewage outfall; (2) that within 6 miles
Be vra '40 outfall the number of bacteria falls to the number immediately aboi
point; (3) that the greater the volume and velocity of the river, the slowei
rate of self-purification ; (4) that, so far as concerns the sewage, tne rat© <
purification is not inlluenced by meteorological changes.
The River Limmiit, after its confiuence with the Silil, and below the Zurich
works, has a fairly uniform width of about 98 feet, and a depth of about 6^ fc
discharge being 317,850^000 cubic feet per tlay ; hence its mean velocity is a
miles per hour. Its fall from Zurich to the well-known sulydiurJliathsof Ba
distance of 18 miles, is 10.5 feet per mile; and the time the water takes to
from the oiitfiow of the lake to Baden is about five and a half hours. After p
the waterworks, the river only receives Jifew insignificant streams, which, alt
after rain they carry sand in sus])ension, do not materially affect the rate t
purification of the river. Taking, therefore, the mean decrease of bacteria be
two stations at 40 i)er cent within 6 miles, it follows that within iin additiom
tance of 6 miles, the process of self-purification will be complete; i. e., the b:i
will be reduced tb the normal number of the lake water, or about ITOpcrccnt.
that this is actually the case is attested by the fact thiit at Baden the Li
water is freely used for domestic jiurposes," and that fish live in it in abniu
These considerations therefore lead to the conclusion that, under the cond
described, and provided there are no intermediate sources of pollution, a river
as the Limmat, flowing at the mean velocity of about 4 miles per hour, will j
itself within a distance of about 16 miles from the point of pollution.
* Reprinted from a paper by Charles Sheibner Du Riche Preller, M. a., r
Assoc. M. Inst. C. E., in Vol. cxi of the Minutes of Proceedings of the Iiistit
(British) of Civil Engineers.
/ii>Xieuic Institute, Zurich, Dr. C. Schlatter, 1890.
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT
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APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3243
Appendix 5.
Thk Purification op Drinkixg Water by Sand Filtration : Its Theory, Prac-
tice, AND Results; with Special Keferenck to American Needs and Euro-
pean Experience.*
By WILLIAM T. SEDGWICK, Ph. D.,
iVo/«Mpr of hioiogy, Mcumehiuettt InttUuU of Technology, Botiton, and chief biologist to the State board
of health of 2{a4tsachvufett4.
[Reprint from Joamal of the Nevr England Waterworks Ansociatiou, Decomber 1892.]
It has become an axiom that one of the fiiudamental sanitary requirements of
civUiied communities is an abnndant supply of pure water. To the requirement of
ajoundance American communities have been quick to respond. The statistics of
American waterworks testify to the energy and spirit which have furnished thou-
sandsof our cities aud towns with bountiful supplies of water and with waterworks
both extensive and costly.
There is reason to believe, however, that we liave given hitherto relatively too much
attention to waterworks and not enough to water. In meeting the requirement of
ibandance wo have done well : but in tho equally fundamental and equally impor-
tant requirement of purity or our water. supplies we have too often failed. It is
bumiliating bat.it is true that the sanitary condition of many of our otherwise
excellent water supplies is to-day discreditable to American science, American
engineering, and American civilization. So long as the water supplies of important
cities like Chicago, Philadelphia, Albany, Lowell, Lawrence, and St. Louis remain
111 their present condition so long will they constitute a blemish upon our fair civili-
zation.
A city or town may dig wonderful tunnels; it may build great waterworks or
ony magnificent pumps, but if any or all of these convey impure water from fouled
lakes or polluted rivers, if they occasionally deliver to the confiding citizen in his
^orkghop or in his home the deadly germs of disease, they must be set down by all
^■^o persons as lamentable failures, because dangerous to the public health.
It is worth our while to inquire how it has come to pass that so many cities
'P'cndidly ^equipped with waterworks and ably ofiftcered, are still supplied with
8ter that is obviously polluted with raw sewage, and is shown by statistics to be
^i^^'^ier of the ^erros of specific disease. The only explanation that I have been
'? to discover is the following :
^ 'Jtil lately the selection of sources of water supply has been largely influenced
-A^- belief that impure water quickly, naturally, and effectually purifies itself.
uj^l^j we have often failed to foresee the growth of our own or of neighboring pop-
«od *^*' and therefore the consequent difficulty of maintaining the purity of natural
5^ ''^^s of supply, such as lakes and rivers. The latter fact is the more remarkable,
ci^j**^«o as a people we have never failed to proclaim the future greatness of our
i^Q^j^ or the rapid strides of our population. Yet we may well believe that Chicaijo
6j.^^*<i have adopted a different system of water supply, if when it began to dig the
P|il J lake tunnel it had dreamed of its future greatness. We can easily believe that
0|j ^clelphia, Albany, Lowell, Lawrence, and St. Louis would have sought other
«io^^^ or means of supply if when their waterworks were introduced they had
f »,^^ that the self-purification of rivers is only a half truth, and that by the use
j^l^^filtered river water they might make typhoid fever virtually endemic within
W?^ borders.
1^ •^ are but just beginning to realize the mischief which a too eager reliance upon
^1 J^Iieory of the rapid and effectual self-purification of polluted waters has done.
. ^^ Jkniths are often more dangerous than error. We are learning to our cost that
v_ **is case we have leaned upon a bent if not a broken re^d. To show how slow has
1^ ^ the recognition of *this fact we need to remember that it is only seven years
1^^^ a distinguished authority, referring to the polluted Mohawk-Hudson, solemnly
j^^^«d the people of Albany, through their water commissioners, that *Hhere is no
i^^^n why the city of Albany should not continue to use this water," and reaffirmed
i^^^*arlier opinion that "the most careful examination of the water has failed to
i^^l anything to sight, taste, smell, or analysis, which can be considered as throw-
i^ ^lie slightest suspicion upon the purity of the Hudson, or its fitness for supply-
>^H perfectly wholesome beverage for the citizens of Albany." It was only m
1^ *-^inber last that a prominent Chicago newspaper, with astonishing ignorance or
^ontery, boasted of the magnificent water supply of that city, aaserting that Chi-
I ^^ has at its doors an unlimited supply of the purest water in the world, to be
^ for the mere cost of pumping. Six weeks later tho same newspaper was implor-
^^ its readers to boil the city water before drinking it, and childishly ascribing the
.^ elation of the natural consequences of its use to an imaginary eastern jealousy.
f* An address (illustrated by stereoj^ticon) delivered at the annual meeting in
*^^lyoke, Mass., June 10, 1892. ^
3244 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEEE8, U. 8. ABHT
After making all allowance, liowevor, for the unfortnnate and umlue influence <
the self-parifi cation theory, and for our strange inability to foresee and provide foi
probable growth of population of which we were at the time loudly boasting, muc
still remains chargeable only to gross carelessness or indifi'erence. 'Ihoprobabi
pollution of the Chicago water supply' was officially pointed out by the Stat« boaz
of health of IHinois in 1884, and further demonstrated in 1886, but no remedy ha8y<
been applied. Typhoid fever has long been excessive in Philadelphia; butso far s
I am aware no steps have yet been taken to remedy the evil, although there is ever
reason to attribute the excess chiefly to the use of unfiltored polluted river water.
Lawrence languidly discusses but has not yet begun to remedy the dangerous con
dition of her water supply, polluted only nine miles above the intake by the sewag
of 80,000 people, and further up by that of as many more. Meantiuie typhoid fevt
ravages the city, claiming relatively more victims from Lawrence than from bd
other city of the State. Lowell also proceeds but slowly toward purification «
her water supply, which is only somewhat less objectionable than that of Lawreoe
Yet it can no longer be claimed that the dangers of polluted drinking water ^
doubtful or imaginary. The citizens of Paris arc officially warned when the wati
of the Seine is about to be supplied to them. The citizens of Chicago, Lowell, an
Lawrence have all been wamea against their public drinking water m its untilterc
condition, and we can not doubt that those of many other cities ought to be i
warned.*
The eminent statistician Korosi has recently shown in a very valuable paper tha
typhoid fever has prevailed to an unusual extent in Budapest within the past foi
years. The water supply of Budapest is drawn from the Danube, a highly pollute
source. Some portions of the city receive the river water purified by sand liltratioi
other portions get the Danube water entirely unfiltered. Comparing certain of the
districts Korosi was led to conclude, upon purely statistical grounds, that, in p/
]>ortion to the population, typhoid fever was twice as abundant among those naii
the Danube water raw as among those who used it after sand filtration. His natai
conclusion is that the substitution of filtered for unfiltered polluted waters, iritb
view to the reduction of typhoid fever mortality, is much to be desired.
We have met to-night, however, not so much to discuss the fact or the origin oft
unfortunate conditions which exist in many American cities and towns, as to cc
aider what we can do to abate them. Here, I think, we may profit by Europe
experience. Civilized European cities are few in which raw river water or unfilt^i
sewage-polluted water of aay kind, is delivered to the people as their source of 0Ji
ply for drinking purposes. I believe that the time is at hand when in America ^"
we shall cease to useunpurified water for drinking, and must turn for relief t-o »oi
process of purification ; and I venture to predict that within the decade we s^
witness the establishment of numerous aud extensive municipal systems of ^**
purification by some form of sand filtration.
The purification of water from the sanitary standpoint is the most difficult kii>^
purification.
The principal natural methods contributing to the sanitary improvement of ^**
are sedimentation, storage, and filtration. Light, temperature, pressure, and ^}*
tricity have their eff*ects, but an impure water is purified in nature chiefly by settl •"
for the bacteria have weight, and at least in some stages of their development ^^|
to settle; by storage, which has a double action shortly to be explained, and by^
trntion through the earth.
Storage has immense sanitary value and has not been hitherto sufficiently ap*^
ciated. There is good reason to believe that a water otherwise good but contaii* *
disease germs might be rendered wholesome and pure by simple storage. Ui»^
such conditions some of the bacteria settle to the bottom and eventually peri ^
some are destroyed by light, but the disesiso germs, being apparently in water so*''
what short-lived, perish. It is also a fact that living bacteria largely disappea^
the pipes of a service. To these facts wo must look for the explanation of the li
ited infectiousness in some cases by water obviously badly polluted with raw ser
a^e. I am convinced that if Lawrence, for example, pumped directly into the pip^
as Chicago does, her death rate from typhoid fever would be far greater than it ^
A recent writer has urged that sewage-polluted water be drunk as soon as possiU
after its pollution, in order to avoid the disagreeable putrefactive phenomen.i whi^
might ensue ; but if what has just been said is true, it is plain that to do this is '
invite disaster; it is the same kind of advice which would lead us to strain at
gnat and swallow a camel.
The sanitary value of storage is not yet, by any means, as well known as i
deserves to be. Storage Involves the element of time, time gives opportunity f<
*Sinc'c this address was ma<le Chicago has begun to dig an immense sewage cana
which, \\\\v\\ completed, will probably improve her water supply, Lawrence hi
adopted a system of sand filtration, aud Lowell has appropriated $100,000 towai
improvement of its public water supply.
I
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. S24&
change, and the changes which storage tends to effect in polluted water are often
of the nighent sanitary slgniAcance. There is no evidence that disease germs rani-
tiply in ordinary natural waters. Sucli evidence as wo have, both from experiment
and experience, indicates, on the contrary, that diseaHe jrerms die out more or less
rapidly in good natural waters. Times therefore, is an all-important element in the
sanitary improvement of infected waters, and Ave mav safely say that infected water,
hke wine, improves with a^e. Here is one elemeift oi great sanitary value in storage.
It may be called the vital element. Another element is sedimentation. This is
mechanical instead of vital in its action, but is unquestionably of very great value
in the parification of water. The germs of disease, though microscopic, are material,
and they are subject to the law of gravity. They are also easily dragged down by
heavier masses in their settling, and a muddy water may, on standing, purify itself
to a remarkable degree merely by settling. Thus storage, by bringing in tlie ele-
ment of time, allowing the disease particles to die out, and by favoring sedimenta-
tion, is of immense sanitary value, while settling basins for muddy Avaters not only
clarify, but to a greater or less extent also actually purify the water which passes
through them. It is probably for this reason that St. Louis has fared as well as it
lu8 hitherto. Particularly valuable is the storage of flood waterH, because in times
of flood infectious material is more rapidly transported than usual from point to
point. The great water companies that so ably supply the wants of the largest
^>ty in the world make *i special point of the storage of the floood waters of the
Thames and the Lea, and that they are right in doing so the vital statistics of
London amply demonstrate.
1 know that there is another side to the storage question. I know that stored
haters exposed to the light are apt to become troubled by unsightly and ill-smelling
fS^owths. I know that if tlie latter provoke disgust or nausea in the consumer the
^itary value of storage is justly called in question. But in spite of these draw-
backs, which can not be overlooked, it is still true that storage, by favoring sedi-
i&entation and giving time for specific disease germs to die out, is, nevertheless,
ffom the sanitary standpoint, of great value in the purification of polluted waters.
To recapitulate: Sedimentation is a valuable means for the purihcatiou of water
^Qd has its sanitary value in removing disease germs from flowing or standing water,
^t* Louis has great settling basins in which the muddy water of the Mississppi is
JJ^tled. Here, in addition to their own tendency to fall by gfravity, the removal of
*he disease germs is probably greatly aided by the falling particles .of mud which
J^a^ them down. Storage is of great sanitary value, first by giving time and oppor-
tunity for sedimentation, and secondly by giving time for the disease germs to die
^^t. Xew York doubtless derives much sanitary advantage from her great storage
■ysteni. Neither of these methods of purification, however, is entirely trustworthy.
1* the storage is too brief some germs w^i 11 survive; if the sedimentation is incom-
plete the effluent from the settling basins will still be unsafe.
There is another natural method, however, which is more common and more
*^U8tworthy. This is filtration through the earth or sand. I do not need to do
IJorethan to remind you of the pure spring which pours from the earth, germ free,
|w sparkling water originallv tlie rain or snow, but since filtered throngh deep
^.vers of the earth ; or of well waters, which, in spite of their occasional privy and
*rnyard origin are, as a rule, free from the germs of disease. Yet these are really
Itered surface waters, and in their history we may discover the secret of the more
^teuQivg purification of great bodies of water, duch as lakes and rivers. The fouled
xj***r8of barnyards if run off upon the farmer's meadow become purified. Even
-T* 'Here solid stable manure thickly spread upon the field, if committed to the earth
j^d turned under by the plow, readily disappear. These examples and the more
^^liliar results of burial show how the" earth — the living earth, as it has been well
^lled— teeming as it is with bacteria and other micro-organisms, purifies organic
ea i^^» even when they are in the fluid state. But apart from this vital action,
jj^'^w, and especially sand, is an excellent strainer. Ordinary loam is too fine and
«!?** gets clogged, but sand, especially after it has become partly clogged, is a capital
tb ^^^ ^^ works rapidly and yet so eflfttctively as to retain even the bacteria in
'^e applied liquid. Long before the immense purifying capacity of sand filtration
i^^i demonstrated scientifically it had been proved by experience. Wells Hunk
^ the earth have been known from the earliest times, and have often given excellent
^|<^r, thoTiffh sunk in regions in bad sanitary condition. When in 1850 the dangerous
r>llntion ol the Thames and the London water supply was demonstrated by Dr.
***88all, by means of the first systematic microscopical examination of a public
J*ter supply ever attempted, the remedy applied was storage and sand filtration.
*"0 steady improvement in the sanitary condition of London, which is to-day the
louder and the envy of the world, is due in no small measure to the protection
*fiotded by her now very extensive system of sand filtration. I am myself persusuled
tbat in scientifically conducted sand filtration we have a complete solution of the
problem of a safe and sanitary water supply. I am ready to agree with Fraenkel,
i
3246 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
the professor of hygiene at Marburg, and Pief ke, the accomplished engineer of t
Berlin-Stralan waterworks, when they affirm that :
I. Every surface water before it is used for drinking purposes, should be frei
from all infectious substances.
II. For this purpose, whenever large quantities of water are to be treated, sax
filtration is at present tht^ most convenient and effective method.
It is not claimed that all waters need to be Altered, but when a city or town is e
unfortunate as to be obliged to use a polluted source of supply there can benoquei
tion whatever as to the requirements of modern sanitary science; the water miu
first be freed from infectious materials. For this purpose there is nothing bette
known to sanitary science at present than scientifically conducted sand filtration.
It is said that sand filtration was first introduced at Chelsea, near London, b;
James Simpson, in 1839. At the time of the celebrated microscopical examination o
the London water supply by Dr. Hassall, in 1850, the water supplied to London wiu
indeed '* filtered" by the companies, but so badly that it was scarcely strained, foi
Dr. Hassall found fish and many smaller objects in the filtered water. After miicl
debate and many inquiries, a water act was passsd for London in 1852, which pre-
scribed eff^ectual filtration and storage of the Loudon water supply, to be in opera-
tion in 1855, regulated the charges and made other arrangements between the citizenf
and the eight water companies. The results obtained Avt're so good that the rultf
then adopted liave been followed upon the continent, and the English practice bw
since served as a model here, as in other branches of sanitary science, to the rfst oi
Europe, and to the world. Reserving for the end of this paper a more complete
account of the English practice, as exemplified in London, let us turn first to th<
purification of the water supply of the German capital, Berlin. This Qity hasnon
a population in round numbers of one and one-half millions, and it has probabi]
the best examples of sand filters to be found on the continent. Berlin is snppHcc
from two sources, one a lake. Lake Tegel, and the other a river, the Spree, which
below the intake, passes throuj^h the city. We may first describe the older eetab
lishment, that at the river, known as the Stralau waterworks, under the abl
administration of C. Pief ke, whose studies upon the theory and practice of WW'
filtration have placed him among the very first of European sanitary engineers.^
am personally indebted to Herr Fiefke for his courtesy in ofiering me every fscili''
to study the operation of the Berlin-Stralau works on the occasion of my visit 1
them in 1891. .1 have also his permission to make use of his published account
of his work.
SAND FILTRATION OF THK PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY OF BERLIN.
{a) The Stralau watencorJca. — The general location and plan of the filters wln^
purify the water of the Spree are shown on PI. ii. * The position of the two intak^
shown at a (the older) and at h (the more recent). From a the water flows ]>y gra'V
to the pumps along the line indicated. From h the water is drawn directly by "^
pumps. From these it passes in a common main along the lines 11 to the several^
ters, but as it is impossible to adjust the pumps to thevarying demands of the lil *
this supply main ends in a small supply or compensating (Vorraths) reservoir, sh*^
on the northern border of the filters. When the pumps are not working the suf^
for the filters is drawn from this. Its capacity is 11,000 cubic meters (2,906,000 galley ''■
This reservoir, with the open filters Nos. i-iv, near by, represents the oldest por ^
of the plant. Originally it served in good measure as a settling basin, but as i^
filters have been added this function has gradually diminished, until now thecL^
output of the plant far exceeds the capacity of the reservoir and it serves as 1&
more than a regulating or compensating reservoir of un61tered water. It is but ^
to say that, owing to the enormous growth of Berlin, the present system is said c:--
decidedly overtaxed. More filters should be added immediately, and I am infor
that steps have been taken looking to this end. Since 1873 the Stralau works L_.
consisted of 37,067 square meters (about 9 acres) of filtering surface, arrangec
eleven independent sections or basins. They may be worked separately or togi't:^-
The normal maximal output of the whole ])lant is placed by Piefke at 60,000 c"
meters (15,850,000 gallons) every twenty-four hours. But sometimes, on sp< — -
occasions, it has been as much as 70.000 or even 80,000 cubic meters (18,000,000
21,000,000 gallons). Three of the filters (Xos. ix-xi), having a combined are?*^
9,000 square meters (2.2 acres), are covered, to guard against severe and prolorr
cold weather. In winter the daily consumption (from this plant) sinks, as a ral— -
30,000 cubic meters (7,925,(KX) gallons). It ought to be said, at this point, tba^_
newer Togcl waterworks (to be described beyond) supply a comparatively ^^
quantity of filtered water to Berlin, summer and winter alike. The extra deic-^
of the summer falls, therefore, largely upon the older works at Stralau, and tr- ^
* In this reprint the plates and illustrations have been omitted.
APPENDIX B B B — ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3247
ftre at timea plainly overtaxed, giving too rapid filtration with incomplete purifica-
tion.*
The filtered water is drawn off beneath the several filters by underdrains which
convey the water to a reservoir for purified water {Reinwaiaaer) placed at such a depth
as to receive the effluent by gravity. (See PI. ii and PI. v, figs. 1 and 2.) This has
a total capacity of only 2,200 cubic meters (581,000 gallons). The sand-washing
efitahlisbroent, which at'Berlin is regarded as a most important feature, is located in
the angle between filters No. vi and No. ix (PI. ii). The engine and boiler houses,
theodice, and the dwellings of the resident engineer, etc., are shown in section on
the street front ( PI . 1 1 ) .
The intake, located at 5 on PI. ii, is shown in elevation, plan, and sections on PI.
in, and requires no special remarks. The filters are shown in sections (transverse
and longitudinal) on PI. I v. Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the under-
drain. fig. 2 is a cross section showing the (central) underdrain, the overflow waste
pipe, and the general arrangement and construction of the filters. For the details of
the construction I must refer the reader to the original paper of Piefke. Suffice it
to say that the bottom must be water tight and the sides strong enough to support
the pressure of the inclosed water. Those at Berlin-Stralau are laid upon clay {Thon) ,
eoTered with concrete {Beton), (See PL iv, fig. 2.) Fig. 6 is a section through one
of the covered filters (PI. ii, Nos. ix-xi), showing the piers, arches, and the open-
ings to aduiit light during the process of cleaning the filter. Piefke remarks, how-
«Ter, that for cleaning artificial light is, on the whole, to be preferred to the scanty
<l&Tlight which can, be admitted in this way. The actual filtering materials used at
the Stralau works and resting upon the concrete are as follows, beginning at the top :
Inches.
Fme sharp sand 22
Coarsesand 2
Fine gravel 6
Medinni gravel 5
Coarse gravel 3
Small stones 4
We stones 12
Total 54
. H is interesting to compare this construction with that of the London filters shown
m the tahles beyond (see Appendix, pp. 4-7), as well as with the sand filters of Zurich
^^ Warsaw (p. 115) and the Berlin-Tegel works (p. 113). Piefke expressly states
•J»t he does not consider a greater deptn of sand to be of much advantage, provided
"••t the sand shall be sharp, and he believes that more time and trouble is often
JP'iitnpon these details of the actual filtering materials than is necessary. The
^Jiderdraius connect directly with the lower layers of the filter, so that while the
j'^*ter sinks vertically through the sand it flows laterally through the coarser under-
y^iig layers. From time to time the filter must be drained tor cleaning. If it is
J^t desired to drain it completely, but only for scraping the very surface, the valve
'^st pass over many interesting details of the actual management of the filters, which
1^^® rally described by Piefke in the paper referred to. Numerous automatic devices
^^ detecting the precise conditions at any particular moment, and for aiding the
^Perintendent, have been introduced at Berlin ; but for these also I must refer the
^^^er to the original paper.
The ordinary process of filtration is conducted as follows: After a filter has been
^^Tked for a time it is found to have become clogged and allows the water to ]);iss
^t*ough only very slowly. The arrival of this time is shown by an automatic tell-
^*« float (w) seen in section in fi^. 1. If, with the valve k closed, this float rises but
^^y slowly, it is clear that in spite of a high pressure of the supernatant water (k)
^«y a little passes through the sand. The filter is then described as ** dead," and
^^st he cleaned. It is therefore drained, and a gang of men is set to work on it
a **hhroad tin shovels, or with special "scrapers." A plank track is laid on an
^^Hne down into the basin and the scrapings are taken away in wheelbarrows to
^** sand-washing house.
^j^-^tthe time of my visit a gang of perhaps thirty men was cleaning a filter. Only
**e Uppermost layer of sand and the dirt deposit upon it was removed. This dirt
^]P<*it or Schmutzdecke is extremely interesting. In Berlin I found it to consist of a
^'n membranous layer of a greenish brown color and so well defined that it could
These and the following data are taken from Piefke, Aphorismen fiber Wasserver-
g^ These and the following data are taken J
^^8Ung, II. Zeit. fdr Hygiene, viii, 1890.
3248 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
be easily peeled off in flakes from the sand below very much as a moistened posi
stamp can be peeled from a piece of paper to which it has become partially attacJ
The sand below the Schmutzdecke was clean and white to a very noticeable and at
ing degree, so that it was obvious that only the Schmutzdecke Teqmred to be remo^
Carefiillv detached by the scrapers, it w£ts drawn up into little lieups of a peck •
half bushel each and these were carried away on the wheelbarrows to the sand-w;
lug establishment. Once the Schmutzdecke has been removed and the life of the li
is restored; the sand is smoothed^ the ii Iter slowly filled from below (with clean wa
to drive out all air and prevent fissures or channels, and the whole covered v
unaltered water to the depth of about 3 or 4 feet through the inflow pipe. (PI.
fig. 3.) Meantime the on tlet is kept closed, so that the supernatant water sta
quietly upon the sand and is allowed to settle. This is a point of much importai
as the consequence of this settling is the formation of a delicate membrane or i
Schmutzdecke upon the clean sand. After a time, varying with the demands upon
plant, the cflluent is allowed to escape, fresh untiltered water flows npon the fil
and filtration proceeds. At first it is, of course, rapid and comparatively imperf
but as the membranous deposit {Schmutzdecke) thickens it grows slower and yi<
a better effluent. The filtration continues with increasing head and diminisfa
rate until the Schmutzdecke becomes almost impervious, when the filter is said U
''dead'' and once more ready for cleaning.
By the kindness of Herr Piefke I was able to examine carefully the Schmutsd
both in situ and microscopically. It consisted of much brown amorphous ma
(zoo^]a*a), numerous filaments of algie, giving to the whole its dark greenish ti
and its firm felted or membranous character, besides particles of woody fiber, d^l
etc. The smooth and almost slimy feel of the membrane appeared to be due chi
to the alga) and the zooglcea. The membrane was perhaps one-eighth to cue-
teenth of an inch in thickness. I have described the Schmutzdecke (surface depc
in some detail, both because I was much impressed by its well-defined character
position, and also because, according to Piefke, this membranous deposit is the p
ciple factor in eflicient sand filtration. One who sees it as I saw it (toward
end of August, 1891), upon an open, but ''dead" filter, can not help perceivinji^j
such a micro-membrane must indeed play a most important part in continuous hi
tion. From its peculiar composition and semigelatinous character, it must be hij
cfl'ective in the detention of all suspended particles of whatever kind, incla(
bacteria. When the Schmutzdecke is so well defined as it usually appears to b
Berlin thousand below it looks bright and fresh. At the Stralau works the d(
of sand may well be thought to be of secondary importance, the real filter being
micro-membrane. Whether it is always of so little importance may be more c
to question.
Naturally, at Berlin, the scraping is so arranged as to remove as little sand <
time as possible. Gradually, however, the sand layer grows thinner, and aft
time it must be replenished with new (or washed) sand to the original <lepth. '
happens about once in two years, and requires considerable time. Even the c
nary scraping requires that the filter shall be out of counection for several days
some seasons scraping is required (in Berlin) very often (once a week), but in wi
very seldom (once in two or three months). The Spree is not muddy like the i
issippi, but at times is very unclean, and in summer contains vnst qnantitie
certain algie which are particularly troublesome, making an almost imperv
** felt'* through wliich the water moves only very slowly.
The sand washing is done at Berlin because it is found to bo cheaper than to im
new sand. The position of the sand-washing establishment is shown on PI. ii. 8
of the details of the apparatus employed are shown on PI. vi. Fig. 1 shows
^ound plan, and fig. 2 the section. Fig. 3 is the revolving drum in which the i
18 wushed. Fig. 4 is the section A-B on fig. 1. Figs. 5 and 6 shows sections of a
trifngal ])ump. This is a very interesting portion of the work, but space forbidi
to enter upon it in detail. Piefke states tnat all of the filters are cleaned perl
twenty times annually, and that about one-third of the filtering material has, tl
fore, to be washed or otherwise renewed yearly.
{B) The Berlin waterworks at Lake Tegel. — To keep pace with the growth of
lin and the increasing consumption of water a new and separate establishment '
in 1877, added to that at Stralau and located on the* other side of the city, hy
southern shore of Lake Tegel. The following account of the Tegel waterworl
drawn almost exclusively from the admirable account of the works given by the
dent engineer, G. Anklamm, and published with additions, as a reprint from Glai
Annalen fur Gewerbe und Bauwesen, Bd. xix, Berlin, 1886. I have venture
reproduce from this two of Anklamm's admirable and instructive plates. {See
VII, and VIII.) PI. vii shows the general location and plan of the Tegel works ^
some details of construction of the (covered) filters. PL viu shows the several p
of the sand- washing apparatus.
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3249
Originally the attempt wa« made to obtain a supply of pure water without filtra-
tion from the shores of the lake by sinking there a number of wells. These at first
yielded an excellent supply, but after a time the water deteriorated, owing to the
growth in the wells and iu the mains of an iron-bearing bacterium Crenothrix. This
grew to such an extent in the Tegal water supply as to constitute what has been
called "the Berlin water calamity.'' To obviate* the difficulty commissions were
appointed, investigations were made, aeration and other means ofrelief were attempted,
but withoat avail. At length, about 1883, sand filters were established to treat the
water taken from the lake and these, ever since their installation, have yielded an
admirable effluent.
When they Wt^re first put in operation the mains and service pipes contained an
abundant vegetation of CrenothriXf but little by little this di8app(\ared iu the pres-
ence of the filtered water. The area of the four larger filters is in round numbers
2,500 gqnare meters (27,000 square feet) each : that of the six smaller ones, 2,000
sqaare meters (21,000 square feet). The total filtering area is about 22,000 square
meters (236,700 square feet, or between five and six acres). The normal yield of the
filter is placed at 3 cubic meters of water, or each square meter of filteriug service
for twenty-four hours, or roughly, at 3,000,000 gallons per day per acre. Seven of
the ten filters are usually running at once and serve to furnish the requisite quantity
of filtered water. The other filters, three in number, serve as a reserve and also for
use in the summer time, when the life of the filters is shorter. The filters are' all
covered, and m order to keep a temperature as low as possible in summer, they are
covered with a layer of earth 40 to 70 centimeters thick. This layer is covercd'with
grass.
The filtering material consists of three layers. The lowest is about 30 centimeters
tmck, of rounded granite stones. Upon this there rests a layer about 30 centimetera
thick of coarse, clean river gravel, free of sand, and upon this a layer about 60 cen-
timeters thick of medium coarse sand. The average diameter of the sand grains is
alwut one- third of a millimeter. Before the material is placed in position it is carefully
cleaned from clay and dirt by special washings. Eacn filter is fitted with an under
^rain, with feed pipes, etc. The filter is filled as at Stralau from below in order to
drive ont the air particles contained m the sand. This filling must be done slowly,
for otherwise air will remain in spite of it, and will interfere with the succossfni
pperation of the filters by forming, during its escape, canals, through which organ-
isms can penetrate into the under layers of sand or gravel.
After the filter has been operated for some time a gelatinous layer {Schmutzdecke of
jiefke) is formed of such imperviousness that each square meter of surface will no
lODger furnish as much as 3 cubic meters (800 gallons) of water in twenty-four hours,
ff 1? ^^'* *^™® ^^® arrived the filter must be scraped, but before the supply is cut
^r *"® feed valve is opened wide for a few minutes iu order to clean out the feed
P'P^i and wash away the snails, mussels, and deposits of dirt, etc., which accumulate
in it 111 some cases it is said that as many as 12 hectoliters (several bushels) of
jnails and the like have been washed out of a single feed pipe. After the valve
^^ been closed and the water has sunk to a depth of 50 or 60 centimeters upon the
tl fli*^® outflow valve of the under drains is also closed, and the water still upon
y'^^lter is run off through the waste pipe. The thin layer of dirty sand to the
*j»pth of 10 or 15 millimeters, (^ to i inch) is then removed by means of broad sharp
^oveU, and wheeled off to the sand-washing machine. After removing this portion
I sand the filter is once more filled with water from below, and set in operation.
8 a rnle, however, this is not done at once. Whenever the demand for the filter is
ot tuo great it is allowed to rest after cleaning for some time, in the belief that
sinfc ^^ ^^® summer months. While it rises as high as eighty days in the winter, it
*8 in midsummer, at the time of the so-called "water blossoming," not infrc-
Keri? • ^' ^^^^ ^* ^®" days. On an average for the year, it is about thirty days,
^i^'^^iishing with new or clean sand occurs comparatively seldom, and only after
„-^.^**"d layer, originally 60 centimeters thick, has been gradually worn down to 30
'^entinietors. ,
^ ho regulating apparatus at the Tegel filters is of great interest, and for the orderly
jj ***ageuieut of the filters is extremely important. It will be seen at a glance that
Wat ^ filter, as yet nnclogged, will ofiPer much less resistance to the passage of the
It h ^^^^ *° older filter more or less clogged that is covered with the Schmuizdeckc.
^Jef engineer of the entire Berlin water supply, by W. H. Lindley, of Frankfort^
^^ by others. Some of these will be described beyond.
BNG 94 204
3250 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
I have entered somewhat at length into descriptions of the Berlin filters because
they are probably, on the whole, the most carefnlly ])Ianned and most thoroughly
studied of any filters on the continent. I may now briefly refer to a few other con-
tinental sand filters.
Sand Jiliers at WaraaWf Russia. — The source of the public water supply of War-
saw is the river Vistula. The water is first run into settling basins, and then
upon the filters. The capacity of the filters is about 2.4 cubic meters per square
meter of surface every twenty-four hours. PI. i, at the beginning of this paper,
shows the arangement of one of the (covered) filters at Warsaw. It will be seen
that upon 11 inches of stones, there are 6 inches of smaller stones, above these 6
inches still smaller, and upon this layer 3 inches of coarse gravel, covered hy 2 inches
of fine gravel, and the whole surmounted by 2 feet of fine sand. The passages for
the filtered water are shown as spaces between the bricks on the right of the figure.
The feed pipe is also shown on the right. At Warsaw it is not customary 'to wash
the Hand, as at Berlin (and many other places), fresh sand bein^ found to be cheaper.
At Warsaw a filter of 2,1(X) square meters area was scraped by 15 men in ten
hours, and replenished with new sand by the same number of men in four days.
The depth of water upon the filters at Warsaw i^ kept at 1.2 meters.*
Sand filters at Oporto. — Sand filters have been provided for Oporto by the Compag-
nie generale des eanx of Paris. The water is taken fVom the river Souza. The
arrangement of the filters is as follows : Tlie supporting layer consists of stones (large)
0.15 meter stones (small) 0.15 meter upon which come first coarse sand 0.10 meter and
fine sand at the top 0.20 meter making a total of 0.60 meter. The total area of the filters
is 1, 190 square meters, with a normal depth of water of 0.90 meter. The filters yield on
an average 13 cubic meters of water per square meter for twenty-four hours. This
system is said to be open to much criticism, probably from its slight depth of sand
and high rate of filtration.
Sand filters at Zurich. — Inconsequence of an extensiveepidemic of typhoid fever in
Zurich in 1884, which was traced to the pollution of the public water supply, a wat«r
commission was appointed and prepared a report recommending the installation of a
system of sand filters. They advised that water should be taken from the lake
(Zurich) at least 200 meters ^om the shore, and filtered upon sand filters at the rate
of 6 to 8 meters (Vertical water column) per day. luHsmnch as the requirement of
the city was only about 20,(X)0 cubic meters daily, they estimated that a filter area
of 3,000 or 3,500 square meters would be sufficient. This enormous rate of filtration
was recommended because of the comparative initial purity of the lake water. It
was recognized, however, that extra land should be secured, so that by ext-ension of
the plant even with increased consumption the rate need not exceed more than 3
meters per day.
In December, 1885, three of the five filters were in operation, and in the following
Augiist the fourth and fifth were added. The combined area of the five filters was
3,500 square meters. For extension of the plant space was reserved to the extent
of 75,000 square meters. Filters Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are covered ; Nos. 4 and 5 are open ;
all five have the same area, with about 672 square meters of efi'ective surface. The fil-
tering material lies upon a solid foundation covered with two layers of brick, and
consists from below upwards of the following layers : 5 to 15 centimeters of coarse
gravel; upon this 10 centimeters of garden gravel carrying 15 centimet'ers of quite
coarse sand, which is surmounted by 80 centimeters of fine sand. The regulation of
the rapidity of filtration is accomplished for each filter separately. When the head
or difference in level between the filtered and unfiltered water reaches 60 to 80 centi-
meters, cleaning of that particular filter generally takes place. Cleaning consists in
draining off all the water and scraping away the uppermost sand layer with iron
shovels to the depth of about 2 centimeters. Experience shows that only a thin
slimy layer {Schmutzdecke of Piefke) covers the otherwise clean sand, and that this
layer is only a few millimeters in thickness. After cleaning, the filter is filled from
below with filtered water and once more filtration proceeds. The water which first
comes throufih after cleaning is, however, rejected during this early period and the
dirt carried up from the sand by the water aifter filling and which consists of float-
ing particles of slimy material, is removed as far as possible by letting it run off
from the top before filtering begins. In 1887 the cleaning was necessary, on an aver-
age, for the covered filters every forty-eight days. As a result of liiese periodical
scrapings the layer of fine sand gradually grows thinner, and when it has sunk so
that it is only 50 centimeters in thickness, it is either replenished with clean sand up
to 80 centimeters, or it is taken out altogether and replaced by a fresh sand layer of
''For a more complete account of the Warsaw filters and a full and admirable
statement of the problem of the purification of river waters for drinking purposes,
see W. H. Lindley, Vierteljahr. fdr Oeff. Gesondheitspflege, 1890, p. 191. Also an
abstract in this journal, vol. 5, p. 33, 1890.
I
APPENDIX B B B ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3251
the original thickness. This renewal of the filtering material did not become neces-
wuy until after the end of 1888. *
Sand filteri in Rotterdam. — The city of Rotterdam takes its water snpply from a
tidal stream, the Maas. Into this stream the sewage of the citv also flows. By the
situation of the intake and the time of taking in water for filtration, most o^ the
danger of sewage contamination irom Rotterdam itself is supposed to be avoided.
The Maas, however, is by no means a pure source of supply, and it is often, if not
nsnaliy, very muddy. The water is first passed into large settling basins, to which it
f ows by gravity. From the settling basins it is lifted by pumps and afterwards
flows upon a series of sand filters. Owing to the limited capacity of the works, and
to the laiffe consumption of the city, the water is not allowed to stand in the settling
basins as long as is considered desirable, and the filtration is far more rapid than the
sapehnten^ent regards as proper. The effluent is now clear*, bright, and entirely
unobjectionable in appearance, and has never caused complaint in the city until a
few years since, when the whole system became filled with the much-dreaded ** pest
of waterworks" Crenothrix. This produced complaint, and such a deterioration in
the water as to excite the greatest anxiety on the part of the public as well as of the
officials. Prof. DeVries, of Amsterdam, has published a valuable account of the inves-
tipition made by himself and other members of the commission which sought to dis-
cover thecanse of the evil and a remedy for it. Prof. DeVries concluded that the
imperfect settling, the excessively rapid filtration, and the existence in some places
beneath the filter of old wooden beams, etc., all taken together allowed a sufficient
quantity of organic matter to pass into the mains to support a luxuriant vegetation of
Crenotiiriz.
I visited the works at Rotterdam in the summer of 1891, and it was obvious to me
toat, in comparison with the sand fillers at Berlin, those at Rotterdam were insuffi-
cient and overworked. I am unable to give exact figures as to the depth of the
**nd, the intervals of scraping, the rate of filtration, the daily yield, etc., but the
general construction of the sand filters was similar to that of the Berlin filters. It
▼a» noticeable, however, that here the well-defined Schmutzdecke of Berlin was
Jlwent. The sand appeared diiiy to a considerable depth, and there was every evi-
dence of overworked filters treating a water originally much worse than any that I
n^d seen. I am under great obligations to Mr. Vogel; the engineer in charge, who
Mowed me every courtesy. f
£nongh has now been said of actual sand filters on the continent, but as to their
JP^ration and their efficiency something may still be said. In September, 1890,
^«re occurred at Brunswick the annual meeting of the German Public Health Asso-
ciation. At this meeting the subject of sand filters for municipal waterworks was
"?(ly discussed by Fraonkel, the distinguished bacteriologist, and Piefke, the accom-
Pjisbed resident engineer in charge of one division of the waterworks of Berlin.
P? fi- ^^*^ waterworks, as has been shown above, are managed with great skill by
^'*e, and consist of an elaborate system of sand filtration, the water being taken
JTOm the river Spree. Prof. Fraenkel and Engineer Piefke, incited by an epidemic
ot typhoid fever which broke out in Berlin in 1889, had come to the conclusion,
"^•r careful experimentation upon artificial filters with special bacteria including
^e of the germs of disease, that, contrary to the general belief, it was posnible
j.,^®' certain circumstances for disease germs to find tiieir way through sand filters
latftfl k*^^ useiin Berlin, t Impressed by the importance of their results, they formu-
xi^^ *he following conclusions, which they made the text of special addresses at
I p ^^*® Health Association meeting just mentioned :
;-*' t!^®^ surface water before it is used for drinking ought to be freed from all
■^ftions materials.
. *• For this purpose in all those cases in which large quantities of water have to
^"[^■^ted, sand filtration is to be regarded as at present the most practicable and the
™?*pati8faetory method.
.. • 'Hie operation of sand filters is not, as has been widely assumed, always
a ff '^ tnistworthy and under all circumstances satisfactory. A sand filter is not
J ^^'^■tight apparatus, but by intelligent manipulation it is possible to reduce this
jy^'^ to a very insignificant quantity.
M ' To accomplish this end there are necessary : (a) Good raw material (unfiltcred
_ ^) as little polluted as possible; (b) a low rate of filtration ; (c) uniform action
p., -"® foregoing statements are taken largely from Bertschinger, Wirkung der Saud-
mer in Ziirich, 1889. See also Journal fUr Gasbeknicht. und Wasserversorgung,
**ora full account of the Crenothrix Commission see DeVries's paper, of which
•"^^J^tract (in English) was published by me in the Technology Quarterly, Vol. m,
P- ^. 1890.
4 See Technology Quarterly, Vol. in, p. 69, 1890.
3252 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
of the filter; (d) rejection of tlie efflaent at the beginning of a new period of filtra-
tion.
These theses were ably defended by Fraenkel and Pief ke at the meeting, bat, as
might have been anticipated, aroused vigorous opposition. Up to this time it was
apparently a common belief among the water superintendents and engineers in Ger-
many that sand filters necessarily removed completely or detained till of the sus-
pended matters of the unfiltered water, not excepting the bacteria. It was with this
idea that the Zurich filters were established, and Bertschinger believed that the few
bacteria in the efiiueiit from these filters had come from the stones, the underdrains,
and outlet pipes, and not through the filter. His ideas probably well represented the
state of opinion among water engineers in Germany up to the time of the experiments
of Fraenkel and Pief ke. They were supported also by the sanitary experience of
London, and by English experience in general, for it had been found unquestionably
true that filtration was a great sanitary safeguard; but until the expefiments of
Fraenkel and Pief ke no one in Europe had undertaken to discover, by an applica-
tion of special cultures of known bacteria to sand filters, whether these cotud or
could not be discovered in the effluent.
The experiments of the State board of health of Massachusetts, made in 1889, and
published in 1891, were the first experiments of this kind ever made, and they
proved conclusively that bacteria may, under special circumstances, pass through
sand filters operated intermittently. The experiments of Fraenkel and Pief ke were
the first which demonstrated the same possibilities for continuous filters.
The allegation that sand filters mignt not be an absolute surety against the pas-
sage of disease germs, aroused a vigorous debate at the meeting referred to in Sep-
tember, 1890, and met with strong opposition. It was urged more or less effectively
that the experimental filters of Fraenkel and Pief ke, having been made of wood,
and the same filter having been run at different rates, their conclusions were based
upon abnormal conditions and were untrustworthy. Piefke ha^ since repeated the
experiments under conditions adapted to meet these objections, and has obtained
results confirmatory of the earlier experiments. The truth seems to be that sand
filters if well managed area complete sanitary safeguard, but that they require
intelligent management to produce the highest results. The experiments of tibea
State board of health of Massachusetts, at the Lawrence experiment station havei
been conducted for a longer time, and with greater care than any experiments else-
where, or hitherto, and these show conclusively that the results of Fraenkel and^
Piefke are probably sound. A sand filter is not necessarily a germ* tight apparatus^
but it is entirely possible to construct and operate sand filters in such a way as Um
render filtered water safe for domestic use and for drinking purposes.
The address of Engineer Piefke at the meeting referred to * is full of interestinja
matter concerning sand filtration. He begins by sayiuff that one <ff the indispen-
sable re<iuisites for success is that the rate shall remain constant, and not depenf
unon the variations of the consumption during the day. We may get an excellent
illustration of the range of this variation in consumption if we follow hour bja
hour the history of the water supply of a great city on any particular day. Ic:
Berlin, for example, the daily consumption from the two waterworks (Tegel an<E
Stralau) on the 21st of August, 1889, was 120,000 cubic meters or 31,701,600 gallons*
The average, therefore, was 5,000 cubic meters or 1,320,900 gallons per hour. The
actual consumption per hour varied, however, so much that at midnight it fell 611
per cent below the average, and during the day it rose about one-half above it. The
greatest consumption was between 8 and 9 a. m. and 3 and 4 p. m. The BmallestS
between 2 and 3 o'clock a. m. These variations in their range and distribution can
be conveniently followed by the help of the diagram (fi^. 6) which is self-explana-
tory. It follows, obviously, that the filters must supply in the ni^ht too mucn, and!
in the day too little water. It therefore becomes necessary to introduce between
the filter and the point of consumption a reservoir in which the excess filtered dar-
ing the night can be reserved as a store for use during the day, the time of maximum
consumption. This reservoir may be called the compensating reservoir.
For Berlin, under the conditions prevailing at that time, Piefke estimated, by sat
examination of diagrams such as we have just given, that a compensating reservoir
of at least 25,000 cubic meters (6,604,500 gallons) actual capacity was required. la
fact, the Berlin reservoirs actually hold more than 30,000 cubic meters (7,925,400)
gallons, and consist of three quite independent sections, so that if one of them needs
to be thrown out of connection the other two may still suffice. Piefke recommends
that the reservoir for filtered water should be covered, not only to avoid disturbance
through the accumulation of ice in winter but especially to exclude light. In fil-
* The report of this part of the meeting is very interesting, and I have drawn
largely upon it in the preparation of this paper. It is to be found under the title,
**Filteranlagen fiir Stadtische Wasserleitungen," in the Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift
fiir offeiitliche Gesundheitsptiege, Bd. 33, 1891.
I
APPENDIX B B B — ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3253
tered waters exposed to the light various algee and other organisms llourish and
affect more or less unfavorably by their growth the water which has been so care-
fnlly purified.
Pief ke next considers the proper operation of the outflow and inflow of sand filters.
There appears to be no special difficulties in the regulation of the inflow by the watch-
inan, for if the filter receives by mistake at any time too much water the excess can
escape through the overflow pipe. (See PI. iv, fig. 2, ii.) More complex is the
nianagement of the effluent in prescribed quantities; this requires the assistance of
hydrometric apparatus. Let us suppose that a filter of 2,000 square meters area is
'e<juired to work throughout a certain period at the rate of 100 vertical millimeters
[« inches) per hour. This will regularly furni^ 200 cubic meters per hour. When
j^is possible to measure and control at any instant the filtered water flowing off it
*>€<;oine8 ^^ossible to adjust the filter to its duty. A very convenient method of meas-
fP^S the water is the one in which it is allowed to flow off out of a spacious tank
toroogh a horizontal slit in a vertical wall. The slit should have, in proportion to
th ^ . ^) ^^ insignificant height. The quantity of water which escapes through
■^® slit depends upon the height of the water above the upper border of the slit.
'I^s We may call tlie head. Different amounts of head naturally represent special
•'^ouuts of effluent. If the height of the water above the slit is fixed, then it is
videiii; that the hourly discharge of water will always be the same. For different
QQantities of effluent corresponding head can be computed, and after this has been
'wh^ ^one a scale can be prepared, which, fixed in position, shall instantly show at
nat point the water level must be in order to obtain a certain quantity of water in
•ffUoftime.
^®« is made of this principle in an apparatus which has been much employed for
g ®^1 years under the name of the " Gill" regulator, and which is shown on Fl. v,
nfa * ^^^ ^' J^^rom the covered filter, shown on the right of the figure filtered, water
. ^^^^e, and for control there is a float which rises and sinks in a tube and carries by
coi^^'** over a pulley an automatic pencil. The indicator must not leave the place
fQ^?J*uted for it if the filtration is to be constant. A new and more serviceable
'at«i ^^ Gill's regulator permits the filtration and supply to be brought very accu-
•S?-^ into relation with one another.
pp^**^ Gill regulator works satisfactorily and permits the operation to go on at any
of ^^^ibed rate of filtratiou, but its use presupposes intelligent ser>'ice on the part
to ^y^atchraan. As this may be regarded as an objection, we may turn, says Piefke,
w ;/^^ consideration of automatic regulators. An example of these is that devised
pj-^"^f xidley (see fig. 7) for the recently constructed filter works at Warsaw. Lindley
ri^^^\^e8 each filter with a walled butunpartitioned gatehouse. The filtered water
ig -^y^ in this to the proper height and carries a heavy float. Firmly fixed to the latter
m^^^ telescopic tube b closed at the top. This naturally shares in all vertical move-
fij^^^^ of the float, rises and sinks as this does, and thus moves up and down over the
of -^ tube below, which is open at the top, and is also shown in fig. 7. On account
m^^^ fixed weight the float sinks always to the same depth in the water whatever
tli^*\_^e the height of the water level in the gatehouse. If now below the level of
k^^ *^^at, we make two elongated slit* or openings in the wall of the tube ; these will
b;^^^^ at a constant depth beneath the surface of the water and always allow the
c^^^^ quantity of water to flow oft' into the tube. Any variation will occur only in
j^ ^'he slits themselves are changed^ which is effected by an external movable ring.
tl^ ?^^ the maintenance of an even working of the filter it is required further,
tl^^^ for everv portion of filter surface which for cleaning or any other reason is
X^ '^'^n out o/operation, an equnlly large area shall be provided as a substitute.
fii^^ ^ize of the reserve surface involves difficulties which constitute one objection to
X^ '^'^n out o/operation, an equnlly large area shall be provided as a substitute.
^ ^ize of the reserve surface involves difficulties which constitute one objection to
ttion. Since by cleaning the filter there is removed every time a thin layer of
', and the sand layer gradually grows too shallow, it must after long use become
a^ ^tion. Since by cleaning the filter there is removed every time a thin layer of
v^jJJ^, and the sand layer gradually grows too shallow, it must after long use become
^^ti for further operation and has to be replenished, a task which usuall^v demands
^1*81 weeks. For this reason also reserve filtering areas should be provided. The
ar ^^^^^^ which are provided are usually fouud successively iu difleiviit stages of prcp-
*^^^*ion, a part is being cleaned^ a part is being worked, and a part is being sup-
Sb ^^ with fresh sand. Theoretically one may say that the reserve surfaces provided
i^^J^ld be three times of the actual filters. Their proportion to the active surface
^ *4owever, not constant, but can be discovered only by experience, diminishing
^y^iously with the rapidity of filtration. The objection brought against a low rate
^^ juration is mainly the financial one. In his recent paper, Lindley has made
"^Moable statements concerning the cost of construction of filter ]>lant8. He gives
^Pecially the cost in Berlin and Warsaw, and concludes with the following facts:
^Btimates carefully corrected give for a large establishment of covere<l filters having
^)000 square meters of filtering area, in round numbers, 67 marks or 84 francs ($16.75)
3254 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. B. ARMY.
per square meter. A similar computation for ox>en filters, with the same materials
and the same price for labor, showed that these woold cost about 45 marks or 56
francs ($11.20) per square meter ; that is, two-thirds as much. The covering of filters
thus means on the Continent an increased cost of 50 per cent. Lindley quotes the
actual cost of the Berlin filter at Stralau at 64 marks and at Tegel ^ to 72 marks
per square meter. He cites early English experience as indicating a coA of $10 to
$13 per square meter, everythinpf included.
Piefke then proceeds to a discussion on the relative advantages of covered and
open filters, and shows that the open filters are more effective from a bacteriological
point of view or at least that the output of bacteria from them is smaller. He gives
a diagram (fig. 8) showing these faci^. The main objection to open filters is that in
winter the^ cannot so readily be cleaned, on account of the freezing of the sand, but
Piet*ke claims that by selecting a warm ''spell" for cleaning it is quite possible (in
Berlin) to avoid complications from this source, and the English experience certalnlv
confirms this idea. It is to be remembered that the consumption of water is much
smaller in winter than in summer, and also that the life of the filter is correspond-
ingly longer, owing to the absence of the more bulky vegetable growths of the
summer. It seems probable that the greater bacterial efficiency of the open filters
is due to their easier clogging, which, of course, signifies a shorter '' life.''
As has. been said above, the addresses of Fraenkel and Piefke provoked much
comment, and their views met with considerable opposition. In the course of the
debate, Engineer Kummel, director of the waterworks at Altona, introduced some
highly instructive diagrams, which are here reproduced in figs. 9 and 10.
More recently Piefke has repeated the experiments upon which his earlier conclu-
sions were based and in such a manner as to meet all objections. The results
entirely confirmed those of his previous experiments. There is no reason to doubt that
a sand filter is not necessarily and under all circumstances a germ-proof apparatus ;
but it is equally plain that with proper management it may become germ tight, and
that even when not as carefully operated as it should be it is often very nearly germ
proof. Its function as a sanitary safeguard is therefore of the highest importance,
and that it has already attained great efficiency in this direction vital statistics
abundantly prove.
I have already alluded t-o the fact that we owe to the State board of health of
Massachusetts the first proof that bacteria may pass through a sand filter, and to
Fraenkel and Piefke the first proof that bacteria may pass through during the con-
tinuous filtration of water. More recently the State board of health of Massachu-
setts has been experimenting at great length upon the removal of disease germs from
the water of the Merriniac Kiver as received at the Lawrence experiment station,
both by intermittent and by continuous filtration. The results thus far obtained are
highly satisfactory, and will soon be made public in the report of the board. I may
say, however, that it has already been found possible to remove all the germs of
typhoid fever from the water of the Merrimac River by filtration through sand at a
rate which readily places this means of purification within the reach of ordinary
American cities. I would earnestly recommend to those interested in this subject
that they fully inform themselves concerning the important researches in this direc-
tion now going on at the Lawrence experiment station of the State board of health
of Massachusetts, under the direction of Hiram F. Mills, esq., the distinguished
hydraulic engineer, who is a member of the board and chairman of its committee on
water supply and sewerage.
Sand filtration of the water supply of London. — I have kept for the last the most
important example of sand filtration m the world, namely, that of the public water
supply of London. The water supply of London gradually became so objectionable
that in 1852 it formed the subject of legislative interference which was destined to
have a far-reaching influence, not only upon London but upon the whole of Europe.
In this year was passed the now well-known water act, which provided for a metro-
politan supply, granting the privileges of such supply to eight private companies,
but requiring them to locate their intakes on the Thames above the influence of
tidal flow and above the influence of London sewage, and prescribing efiectnal fil-
tration. A portion of the act runs as follows:
''From and after 31st August, 1855, every reservoir within a distance in a straight
line of St. Paul's shall be roofed or otherwise covered over, except storage reser-
voirs for collecting the water before filtration, and except reservoirs for water used
for street cleaning or fires, and not for domestic use.
** From and after 31st December, 1855, every company shall efi'ectually filter all
the water supplied by them within the metropolis for domestic use, excepting any
water which may be pumped from wells into a covered reservoir or aqueduct without
exposure to the atmosphere.''
Instead of entering upon a detailed description of the London filters, which
would require more space than I can command, I have ventured to reproduce in
reduced facsimile one of the monthly reports upon the London water supply, taken
I
APPENDIX B B B WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3255
at random, naniely, that for May, 1892. This will be found in the Appendix to this
paper, and upon pn. 4-7 of the Appendix is f^ven a concise tabulated and compara-
tiTo statement of tiie system, its extent, the depth of the tilters, the amount of storage
capacity, etc., which has seemed to me peculiarly valuable, inasmuch as it gives in
great detail a description of the means by which the greatest and probably the
healthiest city in the world is served with drinking water, chiefly through sand
filtration. The population supplied is now about 6,000,000, and the area of the sand
filters employed for London is 109f acres.
It ouglit to be said that the water supply of London is still in the hands of ths
eight water companies to which it was given in 1852 ; and, furthermore, that extreme
care is taken to secare, as far as possible, the cleanliness of the Thames by a special
l)oaTd, the Thames Conservancy Board, which prott^cta the purity of the water above
the intake. By more recent acts these companies are required to submit the filtered
water to the examination of an expert chemist employed by the metropolis, though
they also employ on their own part other chemists. For many years the chemist
the city has been Dr. E. Frankland, from whom a report appears in the facsimile,
as does also one from the coni])anies' present chemists, Messrs. Crookes and Odlin.
I have introduced this (reduced) facsimile principally to show the great care and
pains taken to secure for London a pure water supply. It naturally fellows that the
cost is also great. Bnt I am of the opinion that the last place for economy should
he in the matter of a supply of pure drinking water, and I believe that the time is
ftt hand when American towns and cities mnst have pure drinking water at whatever
€«8t. To accomplish this will require in many cases not only increased expenditure
hot also more expert administration.*
^f9ult8 of 9and filtration. — I have now given some account of the present theory
*na practice of sand filtration, and it only remains to consider its results. These
are so obvious and so important as to challenge our attention and compel our admira-
tjon. The most convenient standard that we have for measuring the sanitary effect
of a water supply is the mortality of the community from diarrheal diseases. The
'^^M? ^^^' ^^^* ^* *^** these are naturally the diseases which contaminate sewage and
^'hich might be expected to travel in sewage-polluted drinking waters. Good
wamples of these diseases are Asiatic cholera and typhoid fever. The eruptive
uiseases snch as measles, scarlet fever, and smallpox, or the throat diseases such as
J{P^*'J«ria, can not be expected to travel so readily in this way. Of all the diarrheal
'" " ' - - - - - - and I know of no disease
community in respect
. —.^..Dvtj^j^Aj *«> »».«> v>w^a. ^^, u^TT, fTu xjx,A±M^a.M.i^ vu^ death rates from typhoid
jo^erof such cities as London and Berlin, having (in great part) river supplies fil-
wfea through sand, with those of Americjin cities, such as Philadelphia, Albany,
V^YJ^ati, St. Louis, Lowell, and Lawrence, having similar supplies unfiltered, we
" find a very great difference in favor of filtration. Some of the results of such
comparison are given in a recent paper by Mr. Allen Hazen and myself upon
»}Phoid fevir in Chicago.t
'rom a careful study of the figures and diagrams there given it will appear that
ondon and Berlin compare very favorably with cities having great storage reser-
^^f such as New York, and it is a fact that London has a death rate from this dis-
®*^ *8low as that of many cities having unobjectionable supplies. 1 may also refer
1^*10 to the results of Kof osi's studies upon Budapest (see above), while Bertsch-
ita^^^ shown in his latest paper, referred to above, that with sand filtration of
. ^ater supply Zurich has become much less affected with typhoid fever. There
£j?®^®*8on to doubt that if Paris could subject the water of the Seine to the sand
"Ration before delivering it, as it occasionally does, to the citizens for drinking pur-
*^!^» many deaths in that city from typhoid fever might be avoided.
was'^ti,^^ the most striking phenomena of the recent cholera epidemic in Hamburg
gT?, *«© exemption of the closely connected city of Altona. Both are on the Elbe.
STst ^^ ^^® Elbe as the source of their water supplies. Bnt in Hamburg the only
^ lem of purification is the use (noininally ) of settling basins. In Altona the water
scar ^1^^ by sand filtration. The Hamburg system is overworked and the water is
bee t- *^^<>'^®<1 *® settle at all. The death rate from typhoid fever has for years
_^^^^ighin Hambarg. During the recent epidemic of cholera Hamburg suffered
**J08e who wish to read further concerning the water supply of London may
SSjsnlt the foUowing : Quarterlv Review, 1892, p. 63; Nineteenth Century, 1892, p.
^; Contemporary Review, 1892, p. 26; Fortnightly Review, vol. 36, p. 378; The
monthly Reports on the Metropolitan Water Supply; The Annual Reports of the
^^ Government Board. In the x)aj)er in the Quarterly Review (which contains
™^ch of value) further references will be found. I would also refer the reader upon
S® 'object of filtration to Kirkwood's most valuable report on the Filtration oi
^J^f Waters, New York, 1869.
tKngineering News, April ^1, 1892.
3256 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
severely, while Altona, though very near it, on the same side and below it on the riv
was virtually exempt.
PI. IX (after Reincke) may serve to give a good idea of the remarkable insUi
furnished by Hamburg on the one hand and Altona-Ottensen on the other. Fi^
shows the general situation of Hamburg, the main sewer outfalls of Hamburg a
Altona, and the position of the intake or the Hamburg waterworks. Fig. 2 slio
the intimate relations of Hamburg and Altona and also the location of the int:
and the sand filters of Altona-Ottensen, some 8 miles down the river at BlankeD(
Duriug the cholera epidemio of 1892, Hamburg, with a population of 622,530, i
17,975 cases and 7,611 deaths from Asiatic cholera. Altona, with apopniatioi]
143,000, had during the same period 562 cases and 328 deaths. The intake of
Hamburg waterworks is about 2 miles above the city, but, it is said, not so fart
the flood tide may not carry to it the sewage of Ham burg- Alton a. The Elbe
Blankenese coutains all the impurities present at the Hamburg intake, plus the si
age of Hamburg and Altona. Yet Altona suffered but little from cholera, wl
Hamburg suffered 8eve^el3^ The imperial board of health of Germany, in a rec
publication, attributes the comparative exemption of Altona to the fact that
water supply was effectually protected throughout the epidemic by sand filtrati
On the other side of Hamburg from Altona lies the city of Wandsbeck (see PI.
fig. 1) with a population of about 20,000. Although it adjoins Hamburg it enjo;
an exemption similar to that of Altona, having had only 64 cases and 43 deaths fi
the cholera. Moreover, in the case of Wandsbeck and Altona there was ev
reason to sui)po8e that the cases which did occur were imported from Hamburg, :
not due to the local conditions. According to the imperial board of health War
beck is supplied with water, not from the Elbe, but from two inland lakes,
water from which is first subjected to thorough sand filtration and then delive
to the citizens. It is further stated that during the epidemic the sand filter
Altona were carefully watched and were worked at a low speed in order to set
complete protection against the disease.
It is cited by the same authority, as a proof that the Hamburg water supply
infected, that certain streets of Hamburg adjoining Altona were served V»y the Alt
waterworks, and that these streets remained unaffected during the epidemic
also did a portion of the garrison at Hamburg which used welt water of ^
quality, while another portion, supplied with the Hamburg water, was attacked v^
cholera. As the very latest example of the beneficent sanitary results of sand fil
tion, the case of Altona is well worthy of the most serious consideration.
Those of our American cities, such as Chicago, Philadelphia, Albany, Lowell,
Lawrence, which regularly supply to their citizens fecalized water, i. e., water lia
to contain bowel discharges, may reasonably feel no small anxiety after the
experience of Hamburg with iecalized water m 1892.
Appendix 6.
Report op a Board of Engineer Officers upon the Feasibility and Adv
BiLiTV OF Using the Water Power of Great Faj^i^ for the Purposb
Lighting by Electricity the Public Buildings, Grounds, and Streets
THE District of Columbia, Printed in Senate Ex. Doc. No. 154, Fih
third Congress, Second Session.
Washington, D. C, July 18, 189
Report of a board convened by an order of which the following is a copy:
Special Orders, ) Headquarters Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army,
No. 19, S Washington^ D, C, ApHl 19, 189-
[Extract.]
1. By authority of the Secretary of War, a board of officers of the Corps of Ei
neers, to consist of Col. George H. Elliot and Capt. John G. D. Knight, will asseir
in this city, on the call of the senior member, to consider and report upon the fe
bility and advisability of using water power in the neighborhood of Washingl
D. C., for providing electric light for public and private use in the District
Columbia.
By command of Brig. Gen. Casey.
John G. D, Knight,
Captain, Carps of Engineer
By indorsement of April 20, 1894, the Chief of Engineers referred to the boai
copy of :i resolution of the Senate, dated March 1, 1894, with instructions tha
APPENDIX B B B — ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3257
4
was not desired tLat the board slionld submit a detailed report, but rather a general
presentation of the subject, such as would result from a reconuoissauce of the
ground, etc., and that the report would not include the legal question relating to
land and to water rights, but only the engineering problems involved.
The resolution is as follows :
*'Se$olredf That the Secretaij of War be directed to investigate and report to the
Senate the feasibility and advisability of using the water power of the Great Falls
of the Potomac, or any other water power in the neighborhood, for the purposes of
lighting by electricity the public buildings, gi'ouuds, and the streets of the District
of Columbia. Said report shall suggest wie method by which the right to use said
water can be acquired and what steps should be taken, by legislation or otherwise,
to acquire said water power and the land needed adjacent thereto; also a general
plan of the electric plant needed at said falls and of the wires needed between said
plant and the different parts of said District, and an estimate of the cost; also,
whether said power will probably be sufficient to furnish light to private consumers
within said District, and suggestion of the terms and regulations under which it
shall be furnished."
By letter of April 27, 1894, the Adjutant-General of the Army directed First Lieut.
Samuel Keber, Signal Corps, to report to the president of the board for such duty as
the latter might require ; and the board desires now to acknowledge its indebtedness
to that officer for valuable services relating to, suggestions of, and estimates for
aydraulie and electric plant.
The board met April 24, 1894, and on subsequent days, and visited Great Falls,
having examined the Virginia and Maryland banks of the Potomac River above, at,
>nd below the falls, and also the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal level above Senoca
falls, 8 miieg ^bove Great FaUs.
It is of the opinion that it is both feasible and advisable to use the water power
of the Great Fklls for the purpose of lighting by electricity the public buildings and
grounds, and the streets of the District of Columbia.
fhe board bases these conclusions on a study now to be indicated.
THK WATEU POWERS IN THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON.
J^ Littk Falls.— The Little Falls are about 4^ miles above Washington. The fall,
^ ^e find in a drawing based on the surveys made in 1852 under the direction of
18^1 ^^'eu. M. C. Meigs, then a lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers, U, S. Army,
*j>out 35 feet in a distance or about If miles.
ine greatest freshet in the river of which there is authoritative record occurred
43?f^' ^^* The river rose at Chain bridge, just above the foot of the falls, to
^q'"*^** above tide level, and remained within 3 feet of that height for about twenty-
thirf ^^^* and within 6 feet for about thirty hours. In other words, for about
the h ^®"™ *^® river at the foot of Little Falls was above the low-water level at
abo ^^^^ of these falls. During this freshet the river rose to a height of 16 feet
1^® the crest of the dam at Great Falls,
ij^j^^ovember, 1877, there was another great freshet, in which the river rose to a
onlv ♦ ^^ ^^ above the crest of the dsim at Great Falls, which then extended
ilf.^ i^ Conns Island, across the Maryland channel, the Virginia channel being unob-
tl© T?^' ^^ record is available of the corresponding height in the vicinity of Lit-
Gf^^^ recorded that in 1852 the river at Seneca Creek, which is about 8 miles above
TK ^ *^^®> lacked but 8 inches of reaching the height it attained in 1877.
at X^^^ facts lead to the conclusion that any plant established to utilize the power
tliij^^tle Falls would have been practically inoperative during a period of at least
Vnj!| y hours in June, 1889, probably inoperative both in 1877 and 1852, and that the
foj. '^^^^^'^ty of the water power in this vicinity is too great to justify relying upon it
^J^Qe purpose under consideration.
al>^^c Great Falls. — The Great Falls is a series of rapids in the river, extending
li j^t 2,000 feet, in the course of which the river falls about 76 feet. They are about
Aa?^*^68 above Washington. At the heatl of the falls is the dam of the Washington
gij^^^duct, 2,877 feet long, extending across the river from the Maryland to the Vir-
Sj^w^^ shore. From a point on the Maryland side of the river, and just above the
tijj^* leads the Washington Aqueduct, the upper portions of which are mostly in
FEASIBILITY.
l«»
1^^^^ answering the question as to the feasibility of using the water power at Great
Of ij* for lighting, by electricity, the public buildings and grounds and the streets
^^ Washington, we must first know whether electrical power can be transmitted so
^^t a distance, whether it is practicable to construct a power canal around the
3258 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
falls and a power plant below the falls, the amount of power ayailable, and
amount of power that will be required.
The distance to ichich electrical poiver can be tranemiited. — Messrs. Houston and SC ^bq.
nelly, of Philadelphia, recently made an estimate of the distance to which Ni&^^^r^
water power can be economically transmitted by electricity, and in connec-^jx.oQ
therewith stated that ** under ordinary conditions the commeroial limit of elects*^ «ai
transmission of power from waters of less than 500 kilowatts (STO-horse power> ^san
hardly exceed 50 miles," or about three times the distance involved in the case now
under consideration. To-day 2,000-hor8e power are transmitted from the falls at
Tivoli, 18 miles, over the Campagna to I^me, where part is used for arc-lightings of
streets and the remainder distributed for use in houses.
Electricity generated by machinery actuated by the water power of the falls of tihe
Willamette River is transmitted 13 miles to Portland, Oreg., where it is applied to
lighting. Furthermore, July 13, 1893, a committee, composed of Profs. George Forbes
and \V. C. Roberts- Austen and Col. J. Pennycuick, of the Royal Engineers, reported
on the utilization of water power at the Perriya irrigation works in India. This com-
mittee, after considering the relative cost of this power and of steam power, report^
that there would seem to be every probability that a large portion of the availablo
water power could be profitably used at a distance of 350 miles from the works.
We therefore find that electrical power can readily be transmitted from Great F&Hb
to Washington.
Sites for a power canal and a power plant. — The Maryland side of the river at Gro«t
Falls is rocky and precipitous, and the only available place for a canal on this »}^^
of the river is occupied by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. On the Virginia si^^
the foot of the hills is somewhat retired from the shore of the river, leaving a k>^^^
of plateau extending from above to below the falls. Through this plateau paad*^^
the batteaux canal, constructed in 1785, of the old Potomac Company, of v^*^l
Gen. Washington was president, and of which portions of the bed and the ^o*'??!
still remain. Our examination of the locality leads to the conclusion that, wh. '^ ^
the construction of a power canal and a power plant on the Virginia side of t^
river would not be free from difficulties, it may be accomplished within a reasc^'
able cost.
The amount of power available. — While no series of measurements of the flow of t^
river in the vicinity of Great Falls or profiles of the river in floods at that place
available, there is a record of the height of the river on the dam immediately abo
the falls, which record is almost continuous since the completion of the dam in 188
The flow can not be mathematically connected with the recorded heights, but mt
be approximately. In 1856, the river being at an unusually low stage, Mr. W.
Hutton, c. E., assistant engineer to the late Gen. Meigs (then captain), determined
measurement the flow at a favorable place below Great Falls to be 1,065 cubic fc
ger second, which measurement was accepted by the Court of Claims in a suit of t1
reat Falls Manufacturing Company againnt the United States as the minimum flo
of the river at that point. From several years' observations the records of
Washington Aqueduct show that at the lowest stages of the river the water at tl
gauge above the Great Falls dam is 0.5 foot higher than the crest of the dam.
It is assumed, then, that when the gauge reads 0.5 foot the flow of the river is
the rate of 1,065 cubic feet per second.
Let it be assumed that 75,000,000 gallons per diem will (until another conduit
constructed) be the maximum amount of water that will be required for water su]
ply to the District of Columbia. Seventy- five million gallons per diem are equal
116 cubic feet per second. The amount of water at low water available for powei
will then be 1,065 — 116=949 cubic feet per second. If it be assumed that the avail-
able fall of the river at Great Falls is 70 feet, the number of horse powers availabh
at the lowest stages is 7,524, and taking 0.85 as the efficiency of turbines, the poweu— ^^^
of a series of turbines below the falls at the lowest stage of the river would be 6,395
horse powers.
The quantity of water flowing over the dam available for power below the dai
and also the number of horse powers vary in proportion to the square root of thc^
cube of the height of the water on the dam. Assuming 1,065 cubic feet per seconcl-
to be the flow corresponding to a river heiffht of 0.5 foot above the dam, the flow^
corresponding to the recorded heights for the two fiscal years ending June 30, 1892^
and June 30, 1893, has been computed and also the corresponding number of horso
powers that would have been effective on turbine shafts below the falls. The former
year may be considered an average year as regards low- water flow; the lattt^r wa»
a year of extraordinary low water. For six days in the year ending June 30, 1893,
this horse power would have been 6,395; for seventy-three days in this year and
seventeen days in the previous year it would have been 8,648. The corresponding
gross horse powers are 7,524 and 10,175, differing by 2,651. This difference con*e-
sponds to a flow of 375 cubic feet per second. Were this additional flow provided
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.
3259
for cinring the period of low water, the effective horse power would be increased
6,395 to 8,648.
»Yen and a half miles above Great Falls, and near the mouth of Seneca Creek, a
seems favorable for the construction of a low dam, behind which there could
provided a reservoir area of about 2.5 square miles without overflowing the river
l>&iil£B, and of about 8 miles adjacent lauds be submerged. If this greater extent
'urere utilized it would be necessary to raise the banks of the adjacent canal and
&t>ren£theo the arches of the culverts under it. With every foot in depth of water
stored in this reach of the river the low- water flow at Great Falls could be increased to
& flow corrosponding to 8,648 horse power for about two and two- tenths days, so that
it may be possible to provide snflicient storage to tide over periods of extreme low
^waterby a dam so low as not to cause the banks above to be submerged, possibly
l>y a movable dam, which, when lowered, would exercise no deleterious innuence on
property above by backwater in times of freshets.
Further study of this subject of storage should be accompanied by surveys and
velocity measurements, for which, and other purposes, no funds were at the disposal
of the board. Until such study be made it is prudent to consider that only 6,395
hone power would be available at turbine shafts below the falls, and that this
amount may possibly be increased by storage to 8,648.
The amount ofpoieer required, — It has been found impossible to arrive at an exact
determiuution of this amount. Gas and electricity, sometimes one, sometimes the
<>ther, or both, are in actual or contemplated use, but the numbers of gas-burners or
of electric lamps, or of electric lamps that should replace burners, and the numbers
ofhonrs of service of such lamps are not readily to be determined. Fortunately it
fla« been possible to obtain from Chief Engineer Thom Williamson, U. S. Navy,
•uperintendent of the State, War, and Navy building, thehonrly records of the elec-
tric service in that building and other data relative to its lighting by both gas and
w«ctricity. From these records some idea has been formed as to the load of an elec-
"^p plant required for lighting Department buildings, and from other data some
^ide has been obtained for an estimate of the number of electric lamps required to
^Place burners in these buildings. Data has also been obtained relative to the
^.^^iug of the White House, nearly all the Department buildings, and other public
Tn? *°^ and the public grounds.
The following estimates for street lighting are based upon data obtained from the
i?'^'i*lreportsoftheoperation8 of the engineer department of the District of Colum-
^'*>_*ndfrora statistics of May 31, 1894, kindly furnished by Capt. Powell, the Engi-
■"^ Commissioner of the District of Columbia:
Lamps in service.
Gas.
4,048
ri.P54
6,246
Oil.
Yearly
700
747
332
327
2,200
3, 000
•3.900
* Recommended by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia.
^/^«rc arc lights have been substituted for gas in the District service, 1 arc light has
^-Placed 2.08 gas lamps. But this high ratio would not probably be maintained
^nghout the District, and in estimating for future needs, the ratio of 2.5 gas lamps
th ^^ ^*^P ^** been used. Under this assumption 3, 124 arc lamps are required lor
«^^Pf^ent street service, and if the area to be ultimately lighted is taken as double
i\ I'^^ich istiow densely lighted, the conclusion is reached that 6,340 arc lami>s will
*^«tt be re(iuired.
3260 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Tho following is a table of the electric lamps now required for public needfl:
Incandes-
oeiit<16-caii-
die power).
Streets
Capitol grounds
PuDlic grounda
Departments :
Treasury ,
Justi ce
Fost-Oftice
Interior
Agriculture)
District bu i Idings
Washington barracks
(a) Individual steam plants in use for partial lighting:
Capitol
Whit« House
SUito, War, and Navy building
Department of Agriculture
Puulic Printing Office
Individual steam plants now available for entire service:
Congressional Library
Washington Monument
(ft)
Total.
3,700
300
2,000
3,200
685
2,400
500
7.150
1,350
2,400
200
4,000
8,000
98
Arc (actual
1,000-caxftidlo
powec.)
», 124
75
30
36,563
S,SU
To determine the horse power required for the above service, which incladea *^
of the public buildings, grounds, and streets of Washington, it is assumed that <)^^
16-candle power incandescent lamp will require 64 watts and each arc lamp ^
watts; that 83 per cent of power at the turbine shafts is effective for incandescent
lights and 68 per cent for arc lights, and that four-tenths of the maximum iacan^ic^
cent load may be required at the same time as the full arc load. Under these assiuop-
tions 4,458 horse power should be available at the turbine shafts for generating "the
electricity required for the lights above tabulated, which is 0,70 of the horse po"«^®'
which may be made available without storage at tho lowest river stage. The reiii»i^'
ing 30 percent, or 1,937 horse power, can for the present be used for pumping from *"•
United States mains to the high-service area of the city and for other public purpose*-
We find, then, that electrical power can readily be transmitted from Great F»***
to Washington; that there can be constructed, at reasonable cost, a power c»n**
around the falls and a power plant below them; that there are available at the lo^'
est stages of the river 6,395 horse power, without storage of water above the fall* ^
the Seneca reach of the river, and 8,648 horse power with such storage, while 4,4^*'
horse power only are required for the present lighting purposes; and we therefo*^
come to the conclusion that it is entirely feasible to use the water power oft^*^
Potomac at Great Falls for the purpose of lighting the public buildings, ground^^
and streets of the District of Columbia.
It may be remarked in this connection, that eventually 3,216 additional arc lighti^
will be required for lighting public grounds and streets, calling for 2,853 hors^^
power, and that tho lighting of public grounds and streets alone will then reqoir^
practically all the power available without storage.
Groups (a) and (6) of the table above consist of buildings whose partial or entin
lighting is provided for by electric plants operated by individual steam plants
already provided. Should none of tho water power be applied to their lighting,
2,920 horse power will, for the immediate present, be available for other purposes
mentioned above.
But during the past fourteen years the number of street lights in use in the Dis-
trict has doubled. As the increase continues, a time will arrive when the available
water power will not snthce for the lighting of all the streets and the public baild-
ings and grounds. Auxiliary steam power will then be necessary. The most econom-
ical application of this power will be, not to the lighting of streets, involyinff the
expense of conduits and mains, but to the lighting of l)uildings, for in these baildings
the steam plants may be located and utilized at the same time for motive power or
heating, while the losses of transmission and the cost of conductors will be minimized.
In the end but one-tenth of the water power will bo in excess of the needs for street
lighting alone, and this would not be an unreasonable reserve.
ADVISABILITY.
The question of the advisability of using the power of the Potomac at Great Falls
for the public i)iirposes mentioned in Senator Manderson's resolntion depends on the
present cost of lighting tho public buildings and grounds, and the streets of Wash-
jDgton as compared with the probable cosx of lighting under the proposed system.
APPENDIX B B B — ^WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3261
and also on ^hd probable cost of the works required for the latter system and the
probable cost of operation.
The cost of lighting under the present system and the prohdble cost under the proposed
•yiim.— During the year ending December 31, 1893, the city of Chicago operated 1,110
arc lamps from 4 power stations at an average cost of $96.64 per lamp per year, using
steam power and underground circuits. This cost does not include interest, depre-
ciatioo, or taxes. The entire" cost of land, buildings, plant, dynamos, lamps, posts,
conduits, circuits, and all the other items charged to construction December 31^ 1893,
was $688,312.80.
The major and board of public works of Evansville, Ind., reported February 28,
1894, to the common council of that city upon the feasibility of the city owning its
own electric plant. This report contains a list in which are to be found 16 cities,
besides Washington, using 300 or more arc lamps. Thirteen are lighted by private
contract at an average yearly cost per lamp of $111.12^ St. Louis being lurnished
2,000 arc lamps at a charge of $75 per lamp. Three cities own and operate their
own plant at an average cost per lamp of $85.62, the cost in the case of Wheeling,
one of the three, being $62 per lamp for 400 lamps.
June 20, 1894, contracts for lighting some of the streets of the city of Baltimore
vith electricity were awarded at $127.75 per arc lamp per year. But two bids were
wceived, one for the eastern district, the other for the western district. The parti-
tion of the city was made by the companies bidding, which thus avoided the risk of
one underbidding the other and enabled both to secure the maximum jjrice for light-
ing service fixed by ordinance. One company furnishes 635 lamps, the other 404.
At present the yearly charge to the District for each arc lamp is $182.50.
l^rom these figures it is appaient that this city is paying far above the average
charge for arc lights, and about double the cost of such lighting to cities owning
*nd operating their own plant. The figures given are based upon the use of steam
plant with its expensive coal consumption.
Estimates which are given herewith have been made of the cost of operating a
system actuated by the water power of the falls, and they give $52.33 for the cost
por arc light per annum.
It has been assumed that each arc light would replace 2.5 gas burners. The present
contract price for each gas lamp per year is $21.50; and at this rate the annual cost
for two and a half lamps would be $53.75. The estimated annual cost of an arc light
^^^refore about the same as the annual cost of the gas burners it would replace.
The advantage in using the water power of the Great Falls for lighting the street*
•Dd grounds of the District will be the increased amount of light aflforded for the
■•^annual expenditure.
^m the foregoing the board concludes that it is advisable to use the water power
at Great Falls for the public purposes indicated in the resolution.
GENERAL PLAN OF PLANT.
The general plan of the plant needed may be outlined as follows : Vertical turbines
^u^octly coQpled to comparatively low-tension alternating-current generators. The
powntial of the current to be raised by transformers to 10,000 volts and transmitted
^ftn aerial line to the city limits and thence to a convenient distributing station in
waahington, by underground cables, and there utilized to actuate polyphase motors,
^heae motors to be mounted on shafts, to which shall be coupled armatures of direot-
cnrrent dynamos, each generating unit to be for 100 or 125 lights.
" Uhont surveys it is not practicable to furnish an estimate of the cost of constrnct-
^"Ifthe canal, but an approximate estimate of the cost of all hydraulic and electric
P^ta, buildings, aerial line, conduits, and lamps is $3,764,930. This is for the util-
«ation of that part of the water power of the falls which is deemed available with-
ontresort to storage, i. e., 7,524 gross horse power, or 6,395 at the turbine shafts.
•. ***i8 power, even if increased by resort to storage, will not be sufficient to furnish
"8ht to private consumers.
Estimate of cost.
fydraulic plant of 12,800 H. P.* $64,000
|y»lding for same 51,200
Electric plant 109,710
^<^rialline 102,150
5»tribution plant 250,000
Building for same 20,000
Cable for mains and lamps 492,600
tondnits 2,2.50,000
Lamps and standards 424,070
3, 764, 930
•For the reason that the available hydraulic head is liable to bo reduced about
one-half in times of freshets the plant estimated for is correspondingly increased.
3262 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Estimate of cost of operating expenwn.
Hydraulic plant:
Kepaira, 12,800 H. P., at 57 cent* $7,296
Attendance and supplies, at $1.44 18, 432
$25,7
Electric plant :
Repairs, 4^ per cent 4, 388
Attendance and supplies 9, 720
14, 1
Aerial line : •
Repairs, 1^ per cent 1, 534
Attendance ■ 6, 480
8,<
Distribution plant :
Repairs and supplies, 6 per cent $16, 200
Attendance 12, 240
$28,^
Cables :
Repairs, at 10 per cent 49, 5
Conduits :
Repairs, at 1}^ per cent 33, '
Lamps and standards :
Repairs at 8 per cent 34, <
Administration 10, i
Expenses for 6,527 arc lights 203, 2
Expenses for one arc light 31
Add for attendance 14^
carbons S
Total expenses per annum for one arc light 52
It should be remembered that the above estimates are for a plant capable of n
izing the entire power of the falls without resort to storage, and sufficient for lig
ing all of the probable future area of the city.
To these estimates should be added the cost of lands, of canal construction, i
of annual repairs of canal.
If the plant be limited to the present needs of the city, including the public bm '
ings and grounds and streets, the estimated cost of plant so limited, andnotincl
ing the cost of wiring bnildln<;s, is $2,441,030, and the estimated annual cost of of
ating the same is $201,790. As far as can be ascertained from the data furnished
board, the expenditure for the year ending June 30, 1893, for the above lightings*
For gas and oil $187,99:1
For electricity from plant not owned by the United States 77, If^
For electricity from United States plant 29, 96^
295,15'
i
METHOD BY WHICH THE RIGHT TO USB THE WA.TER POWER AT GREAT FALI-S *
BK ACQUIRED, AND WHAT STEPS SHOULD BE TAKEN BY LEGISLATION OR OTF^
WISE TO ACQUIRE SAID POWER AND THE LAND NEEDED ADJACENT THERETO*
The three riparian owners at Great Falls are the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal C^
pany, the Great Falls Manufacturing Company, and the United States. The If*
of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company are mainly cut off from the channel
the river by the interposing lauds of the United States, and the proportion o^
ownership in the power of the falls must be very limited. The Great Falls Mr^
facturing Company claims the ^'Toulson tract," on the Virginia side of the ri
through which a power canal around the falls would have to pass and on wl»-
below the falls, buildings containing hydraulic machinery would have to be ^
structed. It is also owner of Conns Island, above the falls, which island is
basis of claims still pending against the United States for damages to the w -
rights of tlie company. The United States is the owner of several pieces of ripa^
property at the falls, and although the proportions of the wat«r rights at the^
belonging to the respective riparian owners have never been determined, jndicE^
or otherwise, it appears to be certain that the United States is by far the larger
these owners.
There \a now pending in Congress a bill (S. 1359 and H. R. 7280), of which a co%^
transmitted herewith, entitled '^ A bill to amend an act approved July 15, 1882, £'
APPENDIX B B B — WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 3263
fled 'An act to increase the water supply of the city of Wasaington, and for other
purposes.'" The bill provides for the acquisition by the United states, by the right
of emineut domain or otherwise, of all the lands and water rights at Great Falls not
DOW owned by the United States. It has been favorably reported by the Senate Com-
mittee on the District of Columbia (copy of report also herewith), and it appears to
provide a fair and equitable method by which the water rights referred to can be
acquired.
KECOMMKNDATION.
For the reason that there were no funds provided for the use of the board, none
of thesorreys required for determining the location of the power canal and power
plant at GreataFalls that would be required for utilizing for electrical purposes the
power of the falls now wasted and the cost of these works could be made.
This cost, the cost of the necessary works in this city and of the line connecting
the two systems, will be so considerable that they should not be undertaken before
plans have been very carefully and elaborately worked out, and the board therefore
iMgs to suggest that to thisend there be enacted a provision of law similar to the one
contained in the District appropriation act of August 6, 1890, which authorized the
appointment by the President of a board of electrical, etc., experts, to consider the
location, arrangement, and operation of electric wires in' the District of Columbia;
>nd the board also suggests that there be immediately appropriated the sum of
110,000 to meet the expenses of the said board.
George H. Elliot,
Colonel, Corps of Engineers.
John G. D. Knight,
Captain, Corps of Engineers.
I
APPENDIX C C C.
IMPROVKMKNT AND CARE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS IN THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA— WASHINGTON MONUMENT.
REPOhT or COL. JOHN M. WILSON, U, 8. A., OFFICER IN CHARGE,
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1894.
Office of Public Buildings and G^rounds,
Washington^ I). C, July 7, 1894.
General: 1 have the honor to submit the following report of oper-
ations upon i)ublic buildings and grounds under the Chief of Engi-
neers during the fiscal year ending »June 30, 1894.
In addition to these duties, 1 am a member of the Light-House
Board, and in charge of the erection of a monument to mark the birth-
place of Washington and of an iron pile wharf at the mouth of Bridge
Creek, Virginia.
PUBLIC buildings.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, GKEKXHOUSES, AND STABLE.
In additi(»n to the usual care extended to the mansion and its furni-
ture, the following work has been accomplished during the year:
The tin roof has been repaired and painted, wooden walks and steps
leading to flagstaff repaired, and tlie iron tank on the roof and in the
attic cleaned and ]>ainted. A large new storage closet has been con-
gtrncted in the attic and the attic floor repaired where necessary. The
elevator has been overhauled and tested and the large elevatdr tank
cleaijed out and painted.
The woodwork in the bed rooms, office rooms, corridors, reception
rooms, parlors, dining room, and butler's pantry has been repainted
and revarniKshed where necessary and a new copper lined sink placed
in the butler's pantry. The entire heating apparatus has been over-
hauled and i)ut in complete order and all chimneys properly cleaned.
All gas and electric light chandeliers have been overhauled, cleaned,
and repaired where necessary. Portionsof the basement, thenorth area,
and the walls, arches, and columns under the conservatory have been
caloinnned.
The large cistern at southeast corner of mansion, containing 2,400
gallons of water, was emptied and cleaned, two cart loads of mud having
been removed. The water-filter has been overhauled and iin])roved, and
the tubs and water supj)ly of the laundry were placed in good condition.
3265
ENG 94 205
3266 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR
The red i)arlor lias been redecorated, the pine trimming
with mahogaiiy, east window cut down to level of .floor, i
laid, new curtains bung, and furniture reupholstered. ^
have been placed in four bedrooms and on the stairs leading
corridor to the bedrooms 5 new curtains have been placed i
rooms and in the window at west end of upper corridor; ne
at four doors and at the division in upper corridor, and n
shades in the east room, in the red, green, and blue parlors
private dining rooms, and in t^wo bedrooms.
In the autumn of 1893 all carpets were relaid and curtains i
in the spring the carpets, amounting to about 3,000 yards,
up, clejined, and stored; curtains taken down and stored; i
yards of new matting laid to replace old and worn-out mjiter
house placed in summer costume. New linoleum was placed
of tlie corridor between main vestibule and east room.
Th43 north and south balconies and the north front of tl
from the water table to area floor were painted. New gr
were constructed leading to the area at the northwest entr
columns at the main carriage entrances on Pennsylvania j
those of the area railing on the north side of the mansion wen
Considerable* work was done to the conservatory and o(
houses, all of which were overhauled and placed in as goo«
funds would admit ; the conservatory was repainted insid
All boilers, furnaces, stoves, pipes, chimneys, etc., wer
repaired, and placed in as good order as possible.
Attention is respectfully invited to the conservatory, tl
which is of wood, rapidly decaying, and almostin adangeroof
A new iron superstructure is absolutely necessary, and an
§13,000 is submitted for the work ; if deemed best this cou
in two separate appropriations, one of $8,000, for the cast s
the other of $5,000, for the west section. If a new iron sup
can be constructed, it will last many years with but trifling 1
thus save the necessity for the annual appropriation of $2,'
repair of the present decayed one.
Necessary attention was given to the valuable collection <
the greenhouses, a large number of bedding and greenhc
propagated, and about 16,000 spring flowering bulbs purcbf
greenhouses and grounds. During the summer of 1894 it i
to rebuild the superstructure of the south section of the can
Extehsive repairs were made to the stable ; roofs, gutters,
spouts were repaired and painted, stalls renewed or str
and new floors laid ; the roof covering the area between tl
stable, which collapsed from the weight of snow, was replac
tion, strengthened with column s properly bra<?ed, tin coverin
new wooden walks placed upon i{, and the whole repainted.
I respectfully invite attention to my report for 1893, in wh
the importance of providing suitable oflices outside the Exec
sion for the President of the United States.
Surely the people of this great nation can afford to proi
Chief Magistrate, outside of his home, a place where the imi
ness incident to his exalted position may receive attention.
Congress, in its wisdom, over forty years ago, made provii
enlargenieut of the Capitol by the construction of new wings,
of the growing business of the country, and again within Ji
has ordered the erection of a magnificent library building,
Congressional Library might be removed from the Cjipitol.
I
APPENDIX C C C PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3267
No Steps, however, have been taken for enlarging the Executive
Mansion, winch to-day, with the exception of interior and exterior orna-
mentation and improvement, remains as it was Avhen first occnpied by
President Adam8 at the beginning of the present century.
It is a fact well known to all that the enormous crowds assembling
at official evening receptions, as well as the demands for more looms
for the entertainment from time to time of the nation's guests, long
since required either the enlargement of the White House or the trans-
fer of the oflBce rooms of the President to some convenient locality.
Efforts to enlarge the mansion have failed, and again I e«arnestly sug-
gest that a structure suitable for ofiice purposes shall be provided at
an early day, either east or west of the main building, and opposite the
Treasury Department or the State, War, and Navy building. If erected
opposite the Treasury building, it could be connected by a wide cor-
ridor, with a large conservatory arranged as a w inter garden, thence into
a picture gallery opening into the east room, and thus serve a double
puipose, by relieving the mansion of the terrible crush incident to the
evening official receptions which take place during the winter.
I earnestly hope that Congress will give this important matter speedy
attention, so that, if possible, the new structure may be completed at
least by the spring of 1807.
WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT.
^^ery effort has been made during the year to maintain ^the monu-
^^^t and its machinery in good condition.
I ftndals continue to give annoyance by occasionally chipping pieces
^^ther from the outside or from the memorial stones in the inner walls,
^hile some insist upon writing their names upon the white marble;
ijeuever detected these thoughtless persons are arrested, but, as a
^l^t when brought to trial escape with a small fine.
■^i*c elevator and all the machinery connected therewith has been
2,^j^^fnlly and critically inspected monthly by an expert from the Otis
ill P^^^^^ Company, and pronounced in excellent condition. Weekly
1^1 **J>ections are made by the principal steam engineer and machinist at
^w^ UiODument, and daily tests of the safety a])pliances of the elevator
th ^^^ inade by the employes before starting to convey passengers to
^ top.
jj^ ^^ is believed that the elevator is as safe as it is possible for man to
(j^«^€ it, and every effort is made to prevent accident. Should an acci-
^^ ^t ever occur it will result from something >vhich it was impossible
.^resee.
^^"^uring the summer and autumn of 1893 the floor of the coal vault
Rnl? ^*^^^^^; ^^® steam pipes in the tunnel were repacked and put in
^n ^^ condition, and the boilers cleaned, the side walls and ceiling of
l^j ^ine room were sheathed with jdank, and a new wire governor rope
J:^<^ed in position, the old rope being used to replace a worn-out hand
* ^ •
^ ^n January 1, when the boilers were opened for cleaning previous to
^^'ing automatic cleaners, a scale about a quarter of an inch thick
I^!!^H found on some of the tubes and on the shell of the boilers, while
^^^ tubes were covered with mud and slime.
Tavo Obenchain automatic boiler cleaners were attached to the boilers
^^^ three months' trial and gave considerable satisfaction. At the end
^J the three months they succeeded in removing the slime and mud
^•iat had accumulated, and the boilers were found in a comparatively
3268 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
clean condition j the old scale had been softened to such an extent that
it was easily removed. The result was so satisfactory that the clean-
ers were ])urchased.
In April the steam pipes in the tunnel were lined up, some new
saddles placed in position, the boilers overhauled and painted, the
entire machinery of the elevator and electric-light system examined
and put in complete order, and the elevator cage repainted. In June,
1804, a portion of the iron between the top and bottom of the shaft
was repainted.
The monument was open daily during the year, except Sundays and
holidays, and, with the exception of a few days in the autumn and
again in the spring while the machinery was being overhauled, the
elevator was in operation whenever the monument was open.
Ther^c were 148,917 visitors to the top of the monument during the
year, of which number 100.579 made the ascent in the elevator and
30,338 by the stairway, making 938,419 persons who have visited the
top since the shaft was opened to the pubUc October 9, 1888.
nUILDIlNGS OCCUPIED AS OFFICES BY THE WAR DEPARTMENT,
EXCEPT STATE, WAR, AND NAVY BUILDING.
Under date of June 30, 1803, this office was charged with the preser-
vsition, care, and safety of the following buildings:
Army Medical Museum.
Fifth and sixth stories Union building, G, between Sixth and Seventh
streets, occupied as offices by I^ecord and Pension Burejui.
Ford's Theater building.
Annex to P^ord's Theater building.
lUiilding in rear Ford's Theater building.
Upper stories of West End National Bank, occupied as offices by
Signal Department, U. S. Army.
No. ()10 Seventeenth street, occupie<l ns offices by Record and Pen-
sion Bureau.
No. 17li5 F street, occupied by War Department printing office.
No. 1744 G street, occupied by liebellion Kecord Office.
No. 1814 (r street, occupied by Medical Department, U. S. Army.
Annex to Winder building, occupied for storage purposes by Ord-
nance Department, U. S. Army.
War Department stables.
A careful and critical examination was at once made of all these
buildings, and plans prepared, showing the safe loads that could be
carried l>y each floor of each building.
Where the floors were overloaded the weight was at once reduced to
the safe load.
The upi)cr floors of the West End National Bank building were
strengthened by beams and girders, and made absolutely safe for all
loads that will probably be placed upon them.
In No. GIO Seventeenth street the main stairway was strengthened,
where necessary, by iron beams set into the walls.
In No. 1725 F street the floor of the printing-press room was strength-
ened by wooden beams and columns.
In the Winder Building annex the floors were properly strengthened
by placing some new posts in position.
The work done at Ford's Theater was quite extensive, and will be
reported under separate heading.
At the close of the fiscal year all the buildings in charge of this office
were in safe condition.
APPENDIX G C C PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3269
ford's THKATER BI'ILDINCt.
This building was placed in my charge on June 30, 1893, three weeks
after the collapse of a portion of it had taken place.
The building is three stories high, with an unfinished loft above the
third story and a cellar under a portion of the first floor; the roof is of
slate, supported by timber trusses.
The dimensions of the first floor are 103^ by 67 J feet.
The second and third floors are supported by iron columns and beams.
Prior to the collapse the first floor, to within 20 feet of the west wall,
waa supported by brick arches; of the portion so supported, the rear
half had a cellar under it, the floor of which was about 7 feet below the
springing lines of the arches; the front half had no cellar, the surface
of the earth being from 1 foot to 18 inches below the springing lines of
the arches.
Previous to June 9, 1893, before the buihling wa^s placed in charge of
this office, certain plans for imjjrovements were ordered, necessitating
an extension of the cellar, the prolongation of the central basement
arch to the west wall, the construction of a basement entrance from
Tenth street, and the underpinning of about 80 linear feet of brick
wall, four piers supporting iron columns and the two heavy piers of the
west wall. During the progress of this work, under contract, while one
of these brick piers was being undermined, it collapsed, bringing down
with it two columns from under the second floor, two from under the
third floor, and about 40 feet square of each floor, badly wreckinsr the
interior of the building.
.% the act of Congress approved September 7, 1893, an ap])roi)ria-
tion of $6,000 was made for repaningthis building, and by letter from
theChief of Engineers, dated September 14, 1893, 1 was ])laced in charge
otthe work. Operations under my direction were commenced on Sep-
tember 20, 1893, at which time the condition of the building wns as
follows :
The first floor was totally wrecked for an area of about 20 by 14 ieet,
this being immediately over the new portion of the cellar winch had
been excavated, over which it had been intended to extend the central
Dasement arch. Of the two piers that had supported the columns on
the east side of this opening, the one that failed was entirely demol-
ished, the other was still standing, although its line of columns had
m? ^^^^gged down in the collapse.
The underpinning of walls and piers in the extension of the cellar
»^aa been' done in a very slovenly manner: the materials were of good
^^mi ^j but the workmanship very inferior.
^"^ collapse of the brick pier had brought down four cast-iron col-
yjiuis, twelve 12-inch iron girders, and thirty-three 9-inch iron beams
trom the second and third floors, making an opening in each of these
floors about 40 feet S(|uare.
The inner face of the west wall, where the floor beams had been torn
out, Was shattered and cracked, while the upper section of the brick
J^'^U around the stairway had been almost torn from the lower section
Y the strain in I'lilling of a pair of heavy beams resting in the wall;
tbe line of columns on the north side of the openings through the floors
was in a dangerous condition, apparently ready to fiill at any moment,
while portions of brick arches were hanging without other support than
the mortar which held the bricks together.
The project adopte<l was to restore the building to the condition in
which it was at the time of the collapse, to complete the extension of
3270 RKPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
the cellnr, the construction of the central arch, the underpinniug o
celhir walls and piers, and to arrange for a large cellar window pii th<
west vside tor liglit and ventilation.
The prelirainaiy operations consisted in tearing down dangerou
brickwork, shoring places where necessary, and cleaning away debris
the underpinning of walls completed previous to June 9, wherev€
defective, was torn out and rebuilt; the two piers on the east side of tl:
cellar excavation were rebuilt upon concrete foundations, brick wal
placed on each side of cellar extension, arches properly turned, lar^
cellar window constructed, loosened portions of west w all torn out ai
carefully patched, and wall Jiround stairway from third story up to:
down and rebuilt.
Upon the completion of basement and side walls brickwork the ir«
columns and beams were reset, additional steel beams having be
purchased to replace those bent and twasted by the collapse; allarcb
were turned and covered with concrete, Georgia pine floors laid in ^
new portion of cellar and on first and second floors, and the tili
relaid on third floor.
Windows and doors were reset, gas and steam pipes placed in pc
tion and tested, walls plastered, the rebuilt portion painted, and
portion of the cellar dug out for a storage room for refuse. Operaticj
were practically completed December 31, 1893, and the building, wlii
was restored to the condition existing previous to its collapse, yv^
some additional improvements, was ready for occupation, and in i
opinion was in as safe condition as it had been since its original c^
struction.
For complete details of this work between Sei)tember 20 s*
December 31, I invite attention to the interesting and elaborate ref>*
of Second Lieut. John S. Sewell, Corps of Engineers, my assistix
who has exhibited in the discharge of his duty connected with ^
repair of this building the utmost energy, skill, industry, and abihfc^
In accordance with the terms of the act approved September 7, Ifc^'
a board of engineers was convened in November, 1893, to exaiiii
Ford's Theater building and to report whether its condition was s^
that it could be safely occupied by clerks.
This board, under date of December 30, 1893, recommended that ^
floors should be strengthened with iron columns and girders, the ^l
wall taken down and rebuilt, the lighting and ventilation of build i
improved, and fire escapes constructed; the estimated cost of the JJ^
posed work was i)laced at §11,958.
By the act of Congress approved March 12, 1894, an appropria*:
of 811,958 was made for the improvemeut3 recommended by the B<f-
of Engineers, and under date of March 24, 1894, by direction of ^
Cliief of Engineers, the work was placed in my charge.
Operations w^ere commenced on March 31, the work to be done be
as follows :
1. To strengthen the second and third floors by additional line^r^
girders and columns placed running north and south along middle 1» '
of existing panels; the columns under the third floor to be supported
columns under the second floor, resting on brick piers in the basemen
the girders under both floors were to be 10 inch I-beams (doubled); ^
columns under the third floor were to be of J-inch metal and 6 inchest
diameter, and those under the second floor of 1-inch metal, 7 inched
diameter; the brick piers were to be 2 feet (J inches by 2 feet 0 incb^
resting on concrete bases 4 by 4 feet by 1 foot 0 inches.
b
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3271
The result of this work will be to strengthen the buikling so that in
addition to their dead weights the second and third floors will sustain
aliv^eloart 122 J pounds and 71 pounds respectively.
2. To tear down and rebuild the east wall, containing about 140,000
brick, the new wall to bo 24 inches thick up to level of third floor and
18 inches thick from thence to the top of wall.
3. To improve the lighting facilities by enlarging the windows of the
building, except those in the west front, first story, and to add two new
windows in the south wall of third story.
4. Toimi>rove the system of ventilation by arrangements for admit-
ting fresh air and carrying off vitiated air.
5. To construct two fire escapes on the rear of the building.
Operations were rapidly pushed forward and by the close of the fiscal
year the work of strengthening the second and third floors had been
completed, the east wall had been torn down to the ground, the old
worthless foundation torn out and replaced with a bed of concrete 4.}
feet wide by 2 feet thick, and the entire wall rebuilt, the lighting facil-
ities improved by enlarging the eight front windows on second and
^I'ird floors and adding two new windows to the third floor, the method
^^fiinproved heating and ventilating nearly finished, and the tire escapes
instructed in position.
The entire work laid out was nearly completed and the building in
soch condition as to be available for use by the War Department, if
'"^quired.
^PHOVEMENT OF THE PUBLIC GROUNDS IN THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA.
VAKIOUS RK8KRV.TTIOX8.
p The area covered by the parks and i>ark spaces in the District of
>^lumbia, under charge of this of&ce, is about 405 acres, within which
Qere are 13.4 miles of gravel and asphalt walks, covering an area of
^•^ acres, and 7.6 miles of gravel and asphalt roads, covering an area
r2^-^3 acres.
Tliere are in all 301 reservations, varying in size from a few hundred
^^are feet to 82 acres. These reservations are classified as follows:
D *
l*^^J*lv iniproTed . .
TJi/i **Jly improved
^^'liproved
Total
Number. ; Acres.
92 I 350.38
41 6 01
\m 48.09
301 405. 08
J ^f these, 66 are inclosed with post and-chain or other low iron fences.
^^ luy annual report for the last fiscal year I gave a sketch of the gen-
^^1 plan projwsed for the completion of the park improvements.
. . I'^acli year an efibrt is made to add to the list of improved reserva-
y^iis, but owing to laek of necessary funds the i)rogress is very slow.
^ is not generally realized how much beauty the smaller spaces are
^?pable of exhibiting, should they be brought to their highest condi-
*^^T\ of improvement. It is, in a measure, true that the outlay in this
^^velopment is considerable, but the subsequent maintenance of these
^Pots of beauty in their highly improved condition is comparatively
3272 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
light and not much more than the expense now incurred in mowing
their grass surface.
With this report I submit a map and description of the various reser-
vations, and plans and estimates for the improvement of the following:
1, Reservation No. 19 (immediately north of navy-yard). — At the
request of a committee of citizens of the District of Columbia, a plan
of improvement for this reservation at an estimated cost of $12,000
has been i>repared. The reservation covers an area of about 3J acres.
It is located in a section of the city which has not yet been highly
improved, and is bounded on the north by the traclts of the Baltimore
and Potomac Railroad Company; a side track extends through it to
the navy-yard ; the adjoining streets are unpaved ; no sidewalks have
been laid, and the streets bounding the reservation are not curbed on
the reservation side. In the western section a narrow stream meanders
through a small ravine and finds its outlet in an improvised opening in
a street sewer. It will require about 3,000 cubic yards of earth to fill
this ravine and bring the reservation to proper grade.
It is proposed to lay sidewalks on the east, west, and south bounda-
ries; to construct gravel walks, lay out lawn plots, and sow with grass
seed; to introduce water, construct necessary drains, drain lodges and
gutters; to plant with suitable trees, shrubs, and flowers, and to place
eight park lamps in jiosition.
2, Reservation No. J20, Howard University Park. — This reservation
covers an area of nearly 12 acres; it is located south of the Howard
University, between Fourth and Sixth streets. Its improvement has
been urged from time to time by prominent citizens, and a plan for its
ornamentation is submitted, at an estimated cost of $25,000.
The reservation is covered with a native forest growth of large oak
trees. The niajor portion of the ground is a little below the grade of the
surrounding streets, but is not wet except at the southeast corner of the
park, where apparently there Jire si)rings. The ground generally slopes
toward the south and east, and admits of easy surface drainage.
The reservation is admirably located for a jmblic park, for pleasure
grounds, games, picnics, etc., and for other assemblages of our people,
being within a lew squares of the terminal stations of four of our city
and suburban street railroad lines, by which any part of Washington
and its chief outlying suburban villages can be reached from the park
in a comparatively short ])eriod of time.
It is believed that it' the improvements i)rojected were made, this
park would soon become a popular place of resort and relieve the city
parks proi)er, which should receive a higher griule of improvement.
With this object in view, it is designed to preserve as fully as may
be ])racticable the present native forest growth of oaks, which furnish
an abundant shade, and to form additional plantings of other varieties
of ornamental trees and shrubs, bounding the park on all sides, so that
there may be many shaded walks and drives in the summer and autumn,
oi)ening out into sunny glades in the more central portions of the
grounds. It is proposed to construct gravel walks and roads only; to
make but few changes in the present surface grades, terracing the
northwest section where the greatest difiference of level exists between
the street and park grades; to introduce water for drinking fountains,
closets, and irrigation, and to construct such drains to street sewers as
are necessary to properly drain the lower portions of the grounds, and
to request the District government, which claims control of all streets
from building line to building line, to construct sidewalks around the
reservation.
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\
APPENDIX C C C— PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3273
The park will be lighted by a Kystem of arc electric lamps, as indi-
cated ou the phni.
3. Hancock Place (Reservation Ko. 36, corner Seventh street and
Pennsylvania avenue). — This reservation, covering an area of 15,138
square feet, has been selected as the site for the statue of Gen. Han-
cock, and a jjlan for its improvement, at an estimated cost of $3,000, is
Bubojitted.
It is proposed to construct a circle of 120 feet in diameter, in which a
circuhir mound, 90 feet in diameter, will be formed around the pedestal
of the statue, the circle and the mound to be inclosed with a dressed
giaiiite curb. There will be raised grass i)lats and a small circular
mound at the west end of the reservation, planted in i>art with low-
growing flowering shrubs, forming a foreground of pretty parklets.
The entire x)avement within and around the reservation is designed to
be of one character, preferably granolithic. It is suggested that the
prominent location of this reservation on one of the principal thorough-
fares merits the highest type of park improvement, not only to be in
keeping with its surroundings, but to prove an attra<!tive ornament to
our capital city.
i. Reservation No. 32 (southeast corner of Pennsylvania avenue and
Fourteenth street NW.). — This reservation, covering an area of 10,270
square feet, is in one of the most prominent portions of the city, and a
plan at an estimated cost of $5,000 is submitted for its improvement.
It is contemplated to remove the old soft maple trees now bordering
tins small i)ark place which have outlived their usefulness and have
lost their ornamental character; to raise the grade in the center about
-i feet above the i)resent level, and to slope gradually from this point
to the margins of the reservation ; to construct granite boundary walls
aiHl ornainental piers, coping, wing walls, etc., as shown in the plan;
^> inejose the reservation, except at certain entrances, with an orna-
JJ^ciital stone coping; to introduce water pipe; to construct a handsome
fountain with basin suitably inclosed with an ornamental stone coping,
3n<l to purchase three large iron vases to be placed at walk intersec-
tions.
jjt is also i)roposed to construct granolithic paths and sidewalks.
^^\^' plantings will consist of flowering shrubs and a few trees of
"i^diuui-sized growth of a decidedlv ornamental character.
^^ ^8 earnestly hoped that funds will be appropriated for this promi-
"^'^tlocality.
(lUOrNDS NORTH AND SOTTII (»K TIIK E\'K<UTIVK MANSION.
/'^^^ese grounds include those within the iron fences north and south
yt the White House, together with the entire reservation known as
li^esident's Park, south of the White House, Treasury Department,
??!• State, War, and Navy building, north of B street and between
'|teenth and Seventeenth streets.
*^ithin the W^hite House grounds, both north and south, the entire
P'^rk has been maintained in excellent condition; lawns have been
J"own, flower beds planted with flowering bulbs and with summer and
'*utninu flowering and foliage plants; trees and shrubs have been
PJ'iiiied, and fountains repaired and planted with w^ater lilies for summer
bloom.
It is proposed during the summer of 1894 to replace the uneven worn
^own old flag pavement now" leading from the Pennsylvania avenue
entrances to the north balcony of the Executive Mansion with a grano-
lithic pavement.
3274 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
It is suggested tliat the old rubble niasoDiy wall, capped with a
worn-down sandstone coping and surmounted by an old iron railing,
bounding the grounds of the White House on its north front along the
principal avenue of tbe city, should be removed and give place to a
substantial and ornamental structure more in keeping with its promi-
nent location and surroundings. For many years it bore suitable com-
parison with the sidewalks in front of it and those leading to the
mansion, but as the former have been replaced with a granolitbic pave-
ment and the latter will be replaced in a similar manner this summer,
it is hoped that a handsome wall with an ornamental railing will soon
be authorized on the north side of the mansion.
The south grounds of the mansion should be highly improved; the
high mounds should be graded and shaped; the gravel walks removed
and rei)laced with artificial stone or granolithic i>avements, curbed, and
provided with ample drainage so as to be in good condition for travel
at all seasons; the northern portion of the grounds outside the iron
fence fronting the State, War, and Navy buikling and the Treasury
Department, should be highly improved; the Treasury Department
photograph gallery and greenhouses should be removed; bedding
plants for use of the Treasury Department could be provided at the
propagating gardens if deemed necessary.
The White House stable should be moved from the grounds fronting
the State Department, where it is manifestly out of i)lace, and the i)ark
generally should receive such further imi)rovement as is needed, by the
construction of asphalt walks to replace the gravel walks no win place;
additional walks are required for public travel through these grounds,
increased water supply for irrigation, and increased drainage facilities.
The portion of the grounds south of the iron fence, covering an area
of about 82 acres, and heretofore known as the President's Park, have
been maintained in very good condition. During the year the main
roads have been repaired, raked, and rolled compactly, using for this
jmrpose about 400 cubic yards of gravel; the roads were well watered
during the summer season to keep down the dust. All gutters, drain-
traps, etc., were kept clean and in good order; 308 linear feet of gut-
tering was relaid, and a new gutter 141 feet long by 2 feet wide was
placed where the main roadway leads to Fifteenth street.
The watchman's lodge at the corner of Seventeenth and I> streets
has been repaired.
The central i)arade, an even, unbroken lawn surface, extending over
an area of 17 acres, is now conceded to be one of the chief attractions
of the President's Park. It is oval in form and is surrounded with a
smooth, wide, gravel roadway, which has recently become one of the
principal drives of the Capital.
It was designed by the celebrated landscape artistic gardener, A. J.
Downing, with the view of having on the public grounds an open area
of sufficient extent for military evolutions, parades, reviews, etc., and
I earnestly hope that it may never be disligured with structures of any
character.
It has been frequently used for drills and i^arades by our citizen
soldiers and by visiting military comi)anies from other cities. Some
years since a competitive drill lasting several days took place in the
])ark, and recently the ground was occupied by the Grand Army of the
Keprblic in their memorable reunion. On all of these occasions it has
been apparenr tliat a wide walk around the parade would be a desir-
able feature and afford safe standing room, out of the way of passing
i
P/f£S/P£A/r^ PARK
Bng 63 3
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3275
vehicles, for si>cctators, as well as a path for pedestrians visitiug the
locality.
With this object in view, it is proposed to construct an asphalt walk,
15 feet wide, around the outer i)ortion of the ellipse, separating it from
the carriage road by a parking 30 feet wide.
The American elm trees now bordering the parade would aflFord
l>artial shade to this walk as well as to the roadway; at all the priu-
cijKil outlets of the park to surrounding streets wide walk openings
\foiihl he made to connect with these roads, and walk outlets for the-
convenience of the public.
It is estinaated that the approximate cost of this walk, with its
approaches, necessary drains, drain lodges, etc., will be $10,500.
Its construction is earnestly recommended.
WAS!!IXGT0X MOXl'MEXT GKOUNDS.
This park, covering an area of about 78 acres, is the site of the Wash-
ington Monument. During the year every cifort has been made to
maiutain the improved portion of the grounds in as good order as pos-
sible and to continue improvements so far as the limited funds availa-
ble would permit.
Lawns have been frequently mown and an abundant supply of hay
secured for use of the public animals belonging to the office. The main
roads have been repaired, raked, and rolled, gutters and drain traps
eloaiied and repaired, flower beds laid out, planted, and watered, and a
few (lead trees removed. The old plank walks have been repaired and
2,83G hnear feet of new walks, 4 feet wide, have been laid on lines of
pedestrian travel leading to the monument and across the reservation.
Trespass paths have been plowed, sown with rye and grass seed, and
protected with stake and wire fences, aggregating 340 feet in length. s>
At the crossing of Fifteenth street, just east of the propagating gat-
<l«ns, a stone flagging 50 feet in length was laid, backed with cobble-
stone pavement, and the cobblestone gutter repaired.
% the act of Congress approved August 30, 1890, the officer in charge
of public grounds was authorized to set aside a portion of the public
pounds for a children's playground, under regulations to be prescribed
by him. The southern portion of this park was at once set aside for
^^is purpose, but no regulations were prescribed, as there were no means
of carryhig them out, no watchmen or policemen having been author-
Y^^^ and the service of the one watchman on duty at the monument
being needed there to protect the structure from acts of vandalism.
^'^st complaints were received that the lawns were being destroyed,
trees injured, and that the children's playground was overrun by vicious
^"d improper persons; this office has been requested to take action to
relieve the grounds of such characters and has been obliged to call on
^be District police for assistance.
^0 protect the improved grounds as far as possible and to prevent
^^'J'lous annoyance to those enjoying the beauty of the park, the i)lay-
P'ound was transferred in the autumn of 1893 to the site between !>
street and the main drive north of the monument; this plot of ground
covers an area of about 8 acres and is occupied nearly all the time by
^^^n and boys playing football or baseball.
If Congress deems it best to extend the privileges extended by the
J^ct of August 30, 1890, then rules and regulations should be i)reparod
assigning certain grounds for young children, other portions for base-
"'^^1, tennis, football, etc., and there should be regular watchn^eu on
3276 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
duty at all hours, not simply for eight hours of the day, whose duty
should be to prevent improper characters from interfering with the
amusements, aad to see that all proper regulations are thoroughly
enforced.
It is again earnestly recommended that the electric-light system
inaugurated in 18:>9 in the grounds south of the White House be
extended throughout this park; there is now no method of artificial
illumination between B street and the propagating gardens south oi
the monument, between Fourteenth and Seventeenth streets, and in
the interest of morality and for the protection of persons necessarily
crossing these grounds at night, lights are absolutely necessary; a»i
estimate for electric lights is submitted with this report.
A complete detailed statement of the general plan of improveme\^
projected for this great reservation was submitted in my last annu.:
report.
PROPAGATING GARDENS, INCLUDING THE GREENIIOUSRS AND NUUSERY.
Extensive repairs were made to the various greenhouses during fc
year, and the large and valuable collection of plants was maintai
in good condition ; the superstructure of two of the large houses
entirely rebuilt, and that of two others removed, the sidewalls rais«E
and a new superstructure erected, making a single house of the t ^
old ones.
All furnaces, boilers, flues, and coal cellars were cleaned, hot wjw ^
))ipes repaired and packed where necessary, and new piers erected, i^
400 feet additional of pipe placed in position in one of the hou.«^-
hereafter to be used for growing tropical plants. The constructioi^fc
^an additional rose house, 130 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 12 fee:
finches high, was commenced and puslied well forward toward coni^
tion, the work being done by the regular employes when they could_
spared from their other duties, and the materials used being mostly -^
lumber, brick, iron pipe, etc., which had accumulated in past yearfr^
the storage grounds. A large amount of shelving was placed in \^^
tion in the autumn for use in the propagaticm of plants, and wns tafc
down and stored in the si)riug, when the plants were placed in
parks.
The main storehouse, which was in rather a dilapidated conditf
was underpinned, and the old decayed wooden blocks supporting-— ^
were replaced with forty-three brick piers; considerable miscellanea^
work was accomplished in constructing and repairing cold franrr^
wooden shutters for protecting plants, plant tubs, plant boxes, C^
shades.
About 400,000 bedding plants of about 300 varietii^s were propaga
for spring i^lanting in the public grounds, and particular attention v
again given to chrysanthemums for autumn bloom; in the autu
11,078 i)lants, consisting of roses, smilax, carnations, heliotrope, g^
niums, jioinsettas, pansies, candytuft, etc., and 22,2r)0 bulbs, consist^
of hyacinths, freesia, lilies, tulips, narcissus, and lilies of the vall^
were planted for winter forcing and early spring bloom; about 6W,C
bulbs were planted in the public parks for spring bloom.
The nursery grounds were maintained in good condition; roads a^^
walks were raked, repaired and rolled, lawns mown, 411 feet of g«^^
ters repaired and drain traps cleaned; all shrubbery was proper*
trimmed and transplanted where necessary ; 25,384 cuttings of tlow^
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3277
^^^ slirubs were set out in beds and 1,520 trees and shrubs were lifted
^udused in the ornauientatiou of various parka throughout the city.
In the spring about 10,(KK) phints and 8,000 bulbs were set put and
about ()0,(H)0 bulbs brought in from the parks, were phinted in order to
I'ipen for next season.
The iron fence around the nursery was painted.
In order to protect the greenhouses and storehouses in case of fire,
524 feet of 4inch pipe was placed in position and connected with the
street water main, and 5 fire hydrants were erected.
Kxteusive improvements can well be made at tliese gardens; nearly
500,000 plants are finnually propagated at the greenhouses for use in
the Slimmer and autumn decorations of the public parks; the beautiful
water lilies and other aquatic plants used in many of the fountain
basins are also propagated here.
Tlie various structures are serviceable for the purposes for which
tliey are used, and have been mainly erected by our own workmen at
comparatively cheap cost; they are without ornamentation of any
tind, and are maintained in repair by a small annual appropriation of
J-,0CK). The buildings should be increased in number; a large palm
lionse and a subtropical plant house are esi)ecially needed; greenhouse
pits and cold frames are also required for the purpose of growing hardy
herbaceous perennials, no plantings of which of any magnitude have
^** yet been made in anv of the parks or other public gardens in Wash-
^ng:ton.
Tlie nursery grounds of the gardens, exclusive of the ground occupied
^y the greenhouses, storehouses, sheds, roads, and walks, cover an
area of about 4 acres, one-third of which is occupied by the greenhouse
l>laiitmj»*8 for stoi-.k and hardy rose grounds; the remaining portion is
thickly planted with young trees and hardy flowering shrubs, set out in
rows ready for transplanting when required; this area is not sufliciently
large to supply the tree and shrub plantings of the park extensions of
1"^'' inibhc grounds, and purchases are made of the varieties and charae-
1^1" iieed^l from commercial nurseries, and wherever they can be found,
^^ supply deficiencies. It is hoiked that in the near future, when the
^<>rk of filling the Potomac flats near the propagating gardens is com-
** ^*^€jd, the nursery grounds may be extended so as to furnish abundant
^^'u for the purposes for which they are intended.
-* am frequently in receipt of requests for the loan of plants from the
s^ftrti^ijj^f^j. |.|j^ ^^g^ Q^ churches, fairs, festivals, etc., and demands are
w^^'^^Hntly made for flowering and decorative plants for private pur-
c^lA ^'He been obliged to decline all such requests, as either the loan or
t\. /• ^^f any plants would be in violation of the following extract from
^ »^ct of Congress approved June 20, 1878:
g"r^^^ ^nV/«/, That hercafltM* Huch trees, shrubs, and pbintH shall bo propagatod at the
^•|^j|''*J''onses rtiid iiiirMeiy as are suitable for pUuitinjif in the publii; re.servati«>ns, to
^-" purpose only the productions of the grecnhon.st'M and nursery shall be applied.
\^^^*^^ War, and Navy building, Kaval, Providence, Garfield, Colum-
Q *^* Preedmen's, Homeopathic, and Children's, hospitals, police and fire
t::| l^artnients and orphan asylums. After these are supplied, should
^^^*i'e still bo a few such surplus plants remaining, they are given to
Soever may ask for them.
3278 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY..
SMITHSOXIAN PARK GROUNDS.
This large reservation, located on the *' Mall," nearly midway betwee
the White House and the Capitol and between the business sections <
North and South Washington, is one of the most popular park resor
of the city. It contains within its boundaries the Smithsonian lustit
tion, the National Museum, and the Army Medical Museum, all of whi-
attract many visitors.
The area of the park is about 58 acres, the greater portion of whi
is laid out in lawn surfaces, about 9 acres being devoted to roads 'x
walks.
During the year the improvements have been continued and "I
park maintained in good order. Gravel roads have been repair*
lawns mown, gutters and draintraps cleaned, trees and shrubs pruik
About 277 8(iuare yards of asi>halt roadway have been laid upon t
gravel roadway northeast of the Museum building, and 109 sqii.
yards of asphalt foot walks laid upon paths leading toward
Museum. Kepairs covering an area in all of about 100 square ya»
were made to the asphalt roads constructed in former years.
A stake and wire fence, 164 feet long, was erected, running north^^
from the northeast corner of the Museum building, to prevent trespsj
ing over the lawn.
In the autumn flower beds w^ere planted with about 1,600 biil
which after blooming in the spring were replaced with .summer dc
rative plants.
The lawn surfaces of this park need renovation 5 they are plaim
with a great variety of deciduous and ev^ergreen trees, many of tl
being the most perfect of their kind in the parks in this country.
It is earnestly hoped that the entire appropriation requested for i
park may be granted. On account of the constant passage of tes^
many of them heavily laden, over the gravel roads it is difficul t
maintain them in good condition during the winter and early spr^i
About eight years since the construction of asphalt pavements ^
commenced and has continued from year to year, so far as avails
funds would admit, until now, out of an area of about 45,000 sqi*
yards of road and walk surfaces, over 15,000 square yards ar^
asphalt.
HENRY AND SKATON TARKS.
These two parks have an aggregate area of about 34 acres, mf»
laid out in lawn surfaces, the planting of which has not as yet t-^
completed ; about 3 acres only are covered by gravel road and v^
surfaces. They extend from the Smithsonian grounds to the Botar^
Gardens, which in their turn adjoin the United States Capitol groiu^
and complete the chain of parks extending from the Executive Maim *
to the Capitol.
During the year the main roadway leading from Seventh street ac—
the bridge and on to Third street was repaired, raked, and rolled, a*-
400 cubic yards of gravel being used for this purpose; all lawns w^
mown from time to time, roads and walks maintained in neatcondiCr
gutters and draintraps cleaned, a few dead trees removed, lau
repaired where necessary, trees and shrubs pruned, and flower W--
l>lanted; the improvement of the large mound, constructed some y^ *
since to screen the Baltimore and Potomac depot from the park,
continued; 200 linear feet were graded, covered with soil, sown "^
APPEXDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3279
grass seed, planted with ilccidiioiis evergreen trees, and protected at
each end from trespassers by stake and wire fences.
The violent storms on the nights of August 28, 1893, and February
25, 1894, did considerable damage to the trees, shrubs, and flower beds
in Smithsonian, Henry, and Seaton parks, necessitating the removal of
27 cartloads of broken limbs, brush, etc., after the storm of August 28.
IIESEUVATION8 XOIITII OF PKSNSYLVANIA AVENTK AND WEST OK (AriTOL.
This division of the city embraces all the i^ublic reservations located
between First and Twenty-eighth streets w^est and B street and Florida
avenue north, the majority of which are in an advanced condition of
improvement, and require the constant attention of a force of skilled
laborers employed for their proper maintenance.
It includes the highly improved parks known as Washington Circle,
Bawlins Square, Du Pont Circle, Scott Circle, Lafayette Square, Frank-
lin Square, Farragut Square, McPherson Square, Mount Vernon
Square, Iowa Circle, Thomas Circle, Judiciary Square, and a number of
other smaller but highly improved reservations. During the year lawns
liavel^n properly mown, seeded down, or sodded where winterkilled,
^vatered during the dry season, and their margins edged and trimmed;
tlie gutters and drain lodges have been cleaned ; trees and shrubs have
^^en pruned and cultivated, and the young trees and shrubs and flower
beds watered during dry season; new trees and shrubs were planted,
•'^ndbeds of ornamental foliage, flowering and tropical plants set out;
snow and ice removed from paths through and around the parks during
the winter. This is a part of the regular annual work necessarily men-
tioned in the reports.
Tho asphalt walks in Lafayette, Franklin, and Farragut squares were
Repaired and resurfaced over an area of 4(53 square yards; in Judiciary
^uare48 square yards of new asphalt roadway and 109 square yards
of new walks were laid; all the gravel roads and paths in all reserva-
tions were repaired and maintained in good order. All vases were
^lled with handsome plants, and water lilies were planted, and gold-
"^ji placed in fountain basins.
||i Lafayette Square the drainage system was improved, anew gravel
path was constructed east of the lodge, and a group of evergreens
P'anted on tlie foundation originally intended for the Lafayette statue;
m.s gro^p consisted of 94 evergreen trees and 175 j^icca plants; 5 old
^" iiusightly trees were removed from the park.
,^^^ Franklin Square 8 unsightly trees were removed, a privet hedge
^^^^ted on the east and west sides of the lodge, and 153 feet of blue-
lo^^^ flagging, 4 feet wide, laid from the main path to the doors of the
f ^* Judiciary Square portions of the main gravel roads were resur-
lun^ ^th about 300 cubic yards of gravel, a granite block apron was
* ^ at the entrance at Fourth and E streets, 377 shrubs and 100 yuc-
y ^vere planted, and 7 unsightly trees and shrubs were removed,
ee ^* I^u Pont Circle the asphalt paths were repaired with Portland
^1 '^^^nt, the pedestal of the Du Pont statue pointed with cement, and
^^teps leading thereto reset.
;f ^^servatiou No. 29, on north side of Pennsylvania avenue, between
^^^ntieth and Twenty-first streets, was properly graded, seeded, and
^1 ^ded where necessary, a flower bed laid out and planted, trees and
^^•"obs planted, the reservation inclosed with a post and chain fence,
^U the brick sidewalks Repaired. The walks were repaired and new
3280 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
gutters coustriicted in Ileservatioii !No. 28, ou the south side of Penn-
sylvania aveuue, between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets.
In Washington Circle the gravel walks w^ere rei^aired, the drainage
improved, a new gutter, 41 feet long, constructed, and 171 shrubs set
out.
In the autumn of 1893, 34 flowerbeds were prepared and planted in
the various parks with spring-flowering bulbs; 41,745 bulbs, consist-
ing of hyacinths, tulips, crocuses, etc., were used for this purpose; 15
flower beds were tilled with chrysanthemums, which bloomed during
the late autumn. In the 8]ning of 1804, 110 flower beds were filled with
flowering and foliage plants for summer decoration.
A number of slirubs were set out and a fiower bed prepared and
planted in the grounds attached to the Department of Justice.
In Scott Circle and adjacent reservations three dwarf trees which had
become unsightly were removed, and the statue of Gen. Scott, which
was found to be slightly out of position, was properly placed and secured
to the pedestal with bronze bolts.
The violent storms of August 28, 1893, and February 25, 1894, did
considerable damage to the trees i nd shrubs in this section and neces-
sitated the removal of several large and valuable trees that had been so
badly injured as to render them useless.
Much work is still required in this beautiful section of the city; the
I)arks should all be surrounded by granite curbings ; all walks and roads
should be of asphalt; the roads should have curbings and be properly
drained; this is particularly true of Judiciary Park, which covers an
area of about 20 a(5res, and the gravel roads of which are almost as
much traveled as those of the adjacent streets and equally subject to
wear from heavily loaded teams, rendering it very difficult to maintain
them in good condition for travel during the winter. The first cost of
asphalt roads and granite curbings would of course be approximately
large, but the subsequent saving in the cost of their maintenance would
in the course of a few years more than compensate for the original out-
lay.
In all the parks the lawn, tree, and shrub plantings should be well
cared for and maintained in the highest degree of excellence. This will
necessitate from time to time not only considerable trimming but the
removal of occasional trees tand shrubs where too thickly planted, to
secure future benefits not apparent to the casual observer.
KKSKKVATIOXS KA.ST AND SOUTH OF I APITOL.
This division of the city includes within its limits the highly improved
reservations known as Lincoln, Garfield, Folger, Stanton, and Marion
l)arks.
In all of these reservations as well as in a number of smaller improved
parks, the lawns were mown and seeded or sodded where winterkilled;
all roads and paths were raked, repaired, and rolled, trees and shrubs
pruned and watered, flower beds i)lanted, and during the winter snow
and ice removed from paths.
In (larfield Park the improvement of the drainage system was con-
tinued by laying 1,526 linear feet of cobblestone gutters and placing
63 feet of 4-inch drain pipe in trenches opened for that purpose.
In Stanton Park the drainage from the fountains which had become
clogged was improved by laying 84 feet of 6-inch terracotta pipe.
The fountains were repaired, put in good order in Lincoln, Stanton,
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3281
and Folger parks, and water lilies placed in the fountain basins in Stan-
ton and Folger squares.
Repairs were made to the lodge in Lincoln Park, including the
plumbing.
In the antumn of 1893, 10 flower beds were planted with 22,182 spring-
flowering bulbs, consisting of hyacinths, tulips, crocuses, and scillas,
and in the late spring of 1894, 44 flower beds were filled with flowering
and foliage plants; the large vase in Marion Square was filled with
tropical and flowering plants.
Minor Improvements were made to a number of smaller reservations
throughout this section of the city;.
The final improvements projected for Garfield Park, covering an area
of about 24 acres, are nearing completion. The main gravel road
through this park leading to Virginia avenue is used as a thoroughfare
for heavy teams which renders it difficult tx) maintain it in good condi-
tion during the winter season.
It is regretted that the reduced appropriations will prevent the con-
tinuance of any extensive improvements, the amount available being
not more than sufficient to maintain in good order the roads, walks,
gutters, drains, lawn surfaces, trees, shrnl>s, and other improvements.
Stanton, Folger, and Marion parks are highly improved, planted with
choice specimens of trees and shrubs and laid out with gravel paths.
There are fountains in Stanton and Folger parks, and Stanton Park
contains the bronze equestrian statue of Gen. Greene. The gravel
walks in these reservations should be covered with a&phalt.
In addition to these parks there are 28 small public spaces which^
have been partly improved and planted and about 100 similar spaces at
tlie intersections of streets and avenues yet unimproved.
The increased prosperity of this section of our city and the large
number of private improvements in progress demand that still more
attention be given to beautifying the public spaces, and increased
appropriations are earnestly recommended for this purpose.
SKTTKES, TOOLS, MANURE, CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OP POST AND CHAIN FENCES,
AND REMOVING SNOW AND ICE.
Repairs were made to the park settees so far as funds would admit;
515 settees were repaired and about 600 painted. A large number of
settees now on hand require immediate repair and the appropriation
lor 1895 will be used for this purpose.
Repairs were made to lawn-mowers, wheelbarrows, and miscellaneous
tools; edge tools were sharpened and put in good order, and new tools
purchased from time to time when necessary.
-^bout 900 cubic yards of manure, 800 cubic yards of soil, and 163
cubic yards of potting sod were purchased.
About 2,000 cubic yards of compost were prepared and used in top
dressing the lawns of various parks, in mulching trees and shrubs, and
enriching flower beds; potting compost was also made for use in grow-
^S plants in the greenhouses.
An iron post* and -chain fence was placed around Reservation No. 29,
wi Pennsylvania avenue between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets,
wid repairs were made to a number of post-and-chain fences where
necessary.
A large number of iron i)ost caps which had been broken or stolen
by mischievous boys were replaced with new caps.
The snow and ice were promptly removed from the paths and side-
walks through and around various reservations.
BNa94 206
3282 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Fortunately the winter of 1893-'94 was not severe and the cnt
appropriation was not expended. Usually the amount appropriatetl
not Buflicient, and during the winter of 1892-'93 the fdnds available
this work were exhausted by February 18.
The length and area of the sidewalks through and around the v»ri^
reservations cover a total distance of 30 miles and an area of 42 O'C
It is earnestly urged that the sum of $1,500 may be appropriated
the next fiscal year. Should the winter be so mild that the whole s
will not be needed, any remaining balance will be turned into
Treasury.
TUK SPUIXO SUPPLYING TIIK CAPITOL WITH DRINKING WATER.
This spring, located within the limits of the new reservoir near
Soldiers' Home, and which supplies the Capitol building, is pronouii<
by skilled experts, after careful analysis, to furnish by far the pur
water ^Y^ have in this city.
It was purchased by the United States from Mr. John A. Smi
November 26, 1833, for the sum of 83,150, and at a later date by d^
of October 20, 1836, the United States, lor tlie sum of $5,000, acquix
title to an acre of ground around the spring, together with the w»
tiowing, or to flow, through part of Mr. Smith's farm by two covef
drains.
By deeds dated September 29, 1833, January 29, 1834, and Febnia
22, 1834, for the total sum of $1,450, the United States obtained t
right of way for a pipe lino through certain private property, frc
Messrs. James, David, and James Moore, jr., George Beall, and Elis
beth Dun lop.
It is believed that the pipe has been tapped during past years
unauthorized parties, and careful and accurate observations were tak
from time to time during the present year to determine the inflow
the spring and the discharge at the Capitol. The result shows tt
while the inflow averages 52G gallons per hour, the discharge at t
Capitol averages only 480 gallons per hour, showing a clear loss of
gallons per hour between the spring and the Capitol. This possibly m
arise from leakage of pipes along the line, but it is highly probable tli
the pipe has been tapped, for there are occasions when, with a f
head of water entering at the spring, for short periods, there is no d
charge at the Capitol.
The line of pipe extends from the spring house along the bottom o
former ravine to a stopcock near Florida avenue (formerly Bounds
street), a distance of about 5,000 feet; from thence it runs down Fl
ida avenue to North Capitol street and thence to the Capitol, a i
tance of about 8,000 feet, making a total length of 13,600 feet of pij
Cinch heavy-pressure i^ipe for the remainder, the greater i)ortion
which was laid over fifty years ago; the fall between the spring hoi
and the Capitol is 35 feet.
From time to time during the past twenty years, when leaks hf
been discovered and the i)ipe laid bare for repairs, it has been foil
to be in excellent condition and but slightly corroded inside. This v
found to be the case when work upon the embankment of the n
reservoir was commenced. The section of the pipe which is now um
the embankment was uncovered for the purpose of replacing it w
new materials, but it was found to be quite as good as new and v
simply encased in cement concrete.
The excellent condition of this pipe is, doubtless, to a great exU
due to the i)urity of the si)ring water.
APPENDIX C C C PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3283
From tlic spring liouso the pipe was originally laid along tfic bottom
of a ravine which formerly extended to Florida avenue, but which now
exists only in part, having been completely filled in the section near
thetivenue. New streets have been laid out and houses erected between
8 street extended and Florida avenue, and in some places the i)ipe is
now over 20 feet under ground.
Some of the owners of the land appear to have known that the
United States had a certain right of way in the vicinity, but being
mieertain as to its exact location, have made provision in deeds trans
ferrinjj property that the sale was subject to the right of way granted
the United States, if said right of way passed through the lot trans-
ferred.
If this spring-watQf supply to the Capitol is regarded to be of suffi-
cient value to bo continued, it is very evident that some action must
betaken at an early day to divert the pipe lino from the part of the
ravine not yet filled to the nearest new street running north and south
to Florida avenue, otherwise it is a mere question of tinio when at
some deep point in the heavy filling a serious leak may occur which
will find an outlet in some adjacent sewer and the supply at the Capi-
tol will cease. Such a leak could not easily bo discovered, and if dis-
covered could not be easily repaired.
It has been found that the pipe at V street extended is only 12 feet
below parade, and it is recommended that the line be diverted at the
inanholo on V street through that street to First street, thence down
First Btreet to Florida avenue, thence along Florida avenue to North
Capitol street; it is further recommended that the section of the pip3
from V street to the new reservoir be encased in Portland ceuieiit con-
crete, as was done to the portion under the reservoir embankment. In
the near future this section will be buried out of reach when the por-
tion of the ravine is filled to the grade of adjacent streets ; houses will
beerected over it and it will be almost impossible to reach it. If encased
i« concrete, it will practically last for an indeflnito period, for should
the iron fail, the artificial stone coating would be a permanent channel
to V street; the length thus to bo encased would be about 1,200 feet.
The length of the new i)ipe required along Y street. First street, and
Florida avenue would be about 3,500 feet.
It is further recommended that the eutiro line along Xorth Capitol
street shall bo uncovered, so that the pipe may be carefully inspected,
repairs made if necessary, the section under the tracks of the Baltimore
^^d Ohio Railroad encased in Portland cement concrete, and any
^authorized pipes along the route disconnected.
The cost of the work suggested is estimated at $10,000.
lu the future there will be another serious problem to solve in pre-
serving this spring- water supjily to the Capitol should the new reser-
voir be used as a settling reservoir. The spring house will have to be
^^icased with a water-tight wall to extend above the water line of the
reservoir, and measures must be taken to ])reveut the Potomac water
from mingling with that of the springs; it is believed that this can be
accomplished.
^'ATEll PIPES AND TIRK PLUGS AND CAUK AND RKPAIR OF FOUNTAINS IX TIIK PARKS
AND RKSKRVATIOXS.
^ Repairs have been made to the water pipes and valves from time to
time, when necessary. In the autumn water was shut oft* from the vari-
ous i)arks, and the hose valves removed and stored at the nursery
grounds; in the spring these valves were replaced in the parks.
3284 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
At the propagating gardens, for the protection of the valuable green-
houses from fire, 524 feet of 4inch pressure i)ipo was laid and connected
with the street main, and five fire hydrants were placed in position.
In the grounds south of the Executive Mansion, the water pipe was
extended 412 feet to the storage grounds at corner of Seventeenth and B
sti eets, in order to be available at the compost grounds.
There are 22 fountains with basins in charge of this office, located as
follows: Executive Mansion grounds, 3; Lincoln Square, 2; Stanton
Square, 2; Kawlins Square, 2; and 1 each in Folger Square, Judiciary
Square, Mount Vernon Square, Franklin Square, Iowa Circle, and the
reservations at Massachusetts avenue and Twentieth street, New York
avenue and Third street, Pennsylvania avenue and Ninth street, Penn-
sylvania avenue and Thirteenth street, Pennsylvj^nia avenue and Nine-
teenth street, Pennsylvania avenue and Twenty-first street, Pennsyl-
vania avenue and Twenty-eighth street, and Delaware avenue and First
street E,
With a few exceptions the jets are of a very simple character.
There are 24 drinking fountains in the various parks; these were
repaired where necessary, properly painted, and cups and chains
renewed. The fountain basins were properly cleaned and thoroughly
repaired before water was turned on in the spring; the large fountains
in Mount Vernon Square, at the corner of Pennsylvania avenue and
Nintli street, and at the corner of Pennsylvania avenue and Twenty-
eighth street were scraped and painted.
In the autumn the water was turned off" in the fountains, the jets
removed and stored at the nursery shops; these jets were repaired
where necessary during the winter and replaced upon the fbuntains in
the spring.
PAINTING watchmen's LODGES, IRON PKNCE8, VASES, lJk.MP8, AND LAMP-POSTS.
There are 9 watchmen's lodges, 406 lamps, 18 vases, a large number
of post-and-chain fences, the liigh iron fences around the Executive
Mansion, and the iron fence around the greenhouses and nurseries under
charge of this office.
For painting all of these the sum of $500 was appropriated for the
present fiscal year ; the result was that much necessary work was omitted.
It is earnestly recommended that the sum of $1,500 be appropriated
for this work during the next fiscal year. During the past year the
following have been painted: The watchmen's lodges at Washington
Circle, Lafayette Square, Franklin Square, Seaton Park, Smithsonian
Park, and Lincoln Park; the post-and-chain fences at Judiciary Park,
Smithsonian Park, and .13 smaller reservations, covering in all 1,098
posts with the necessary chain; the iron railing around the Lincoln
statue near City Ilall; the lamps and posts upon the balconies and in
the grounds of the Executive Mansion; 122 lamps and posts and 20
drinking fountains in various reservations.
The remainder of tlie lodges, lamp-posts, vases, post-and-chain and
high iron fences will be painted during the fiscal year lS94-'95 if funds
are available. This painting becomes necessary annually, in order to
assist in maintaining the beauty and neatness of the parks.
LIGHTING THE PUHLIC GROUNDS.
The usual attention has been paid to the gas lamps in the various
parks during the year, and the lanterns maintained in as good repair
as x)ossible.
APPENDIX C C C PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3285
The {jromids immediately south of the Executive Mansion are illum-
inated by arc electric lights.
There are 40G ordinary gas lamps with 455 burners and 2 arc gas
lamps belonging to this department. Of this number during the year
52 burners in lanters on the sidewalks, outside the reservations, have
been lighteil at the expense of the District government. The number
of lamps not connected with meters, lighted during the year and paid
for by tliis department, was as follows :
Single burners.
July 1,1893, to June 19, 1894 261
Jmie20,1894,toJnno30, 1894 301
Each of these lamps burned about 3,000 hours and consumed about
18,000 cubic feet of gas. In addition to these there are 71 burners
within the Executive Mansion grounds connected with the meters of
the mansion.
It is earnestly recommended that the system o£ electric lights now
in operation upon many of the streets and avenues of the city of
^'ashington be gradually extended to the public grounds. With the
gas lamps now in use in the parits the illuminatiou is far from satis-
factory, and in the interest of morality, as well as the welfare of those
visiting and passing through the parks after dark, it is desired to make
them as brilliant as possible at night.
Estimates are submitted with this report for arc electric lights in
Lafayette, Franklin, and the Monument parks. In the future the sys-
tem can be extended to tlie Smithsonian and the other parks on the
"Mall."
TELEGRAPH CONNECTING THE CAPITOL WITH THE DEPARTMENTS
AND GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
Tbe telegrai>h lines now under control of this office are as follows:
The Une of overhead wires consists of 78 poles, covering a distance
01 about 3J miles, with a length of about 8 miles of wire. This line,
starting from the State, War, and Navy Building, runs to the Executive
Mansion, thence to the Treasury Department, thence to G street, thence
1^ ^^jghth street, thence to H street, thence to North Capitol street, and
wnce to the Capitol. Connected with it is one running from the
Treasury Department along Fourteenth street to the Bureau of Engrav-
^D| and Printing, and one down Fifth street to the Pension Building.
■There is about 500 feet of 13-conductor Patterson cable running from
*"© cable pole in the Capitol grounds into the basement of the Senate,
^^i 250 feet of 20-conductor cable running from the cable pole on the
^onier of Seventeenth and G streets into the State, War, and Navy
Building^
The underground cable laid by the Standard Underground Cable
^oiJ^pany of Pittsburg, in October, 1883, under permit granted for
experimental purposes, and afterwards purchased by the Government
I'l accordance with an act of Congress, has been useless for telegraphic
?P^ration8 since the winter of 189i-'92, owing to the manner in which
*'^as laid, being without any protection from the picks, etc., of work-
"^cn in the streets. The cable was laid about 12 or 15 inches below the
*Wace of the ground in a wooden box filled with sand. After two
^three years the boxing decayed and was uo longer a protection,
'^hen a workman began to dig up the streets and stuck a pick into the
cable it was quickly covered up without giving notice of the damage
done, and soon the dampness would show the defect. As there were
3286 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
no manholes for testing, it was impossible to discover the fault witliou
digging up the streets at considerable expense. The undergroun
line was therefore abandoned.
During the past year the main bjittery in this office and the loc
batteries and iustrumeu»ts in the various Departments have been mai
tained in good condition. Obstructions of all kinds were remov
from the overhead linos as soon as possible and all breaks repairs
The entire line was carefully examined, 3 decayed iioles replaced w
new^ ones, new cross-arms put up, and slack Avire cut out.
About 4 miles of old wire was removed and replaced with new Ko.
galvanized -iron wire and No. 12 copper conductor weatherproof >vi
This weatherproof wire was run through trees along the line, and w
most useful during the past winter.
The telegraph office of the U. S. Senate was moved from the Sec :
tary's office to the Senate reception room, and the telegrapli office
the.House of Rejiresentatives was moved from the nmin corridor tot
lobby.
The Marine Hospital branch of the Treasury Department, locatciN
the corner of New Jersey avenue and 13 street SE., was connected wi
the line during the year.
Attention in again respectfully invited to the fact that it is becomii
more and more difficult to operate the overhead telegraph system owii,
to the growth of trees along the line which interrupt the electric cu
rents, especially during wet and windy weather.
The necessity for either replacing the present poles with taller oii<
or constructing a system of undergrouiul cable is so apparent J
scarcely to need argument in its favor. I submit two estimates, tl
one for the underground cable, amounting to $25,000, the other ii
high poles, amounting to $1,C00.
Should the high overhead plan be adopted by Congress, authorii
should appear in the law making the ai)propriation tocontinue the lii
on the south side of G street, between Ninth and Eleventh stree
NW. At present the line crosses to the north side of the street :
Eleventh and G and continues on that side for two squares. As tl
lines of the Western Union are on the north side, it will be difficult,
not impossible, to raise our lines above the trees without crossing
the south side.
In the construction of the underground system, which will cover
distance of about 17,000 feet, it is i)roposed to use two of the best quj
ity of six-wire telegraph cables, placed in first class iron pii)e, dress<
and made bright inside, and then enameled to prevent corrosion ai
injury to cables, with 3 brick manholes to every 1,000 feet, soarrang
that the cables can be withdrawn for repairs when necessary.
The cost of such a system with its various connections comple
would bo 825,000.
The time for obstructing the streets with telegraph poles and a n<
work of wires has passed, and it is earnestly urged that the necessa
appropriation for the underground system of telegraph, connecting t
Capitol with the various Departments and the Government Printii
Office shall be made available as soon as practicable.
SURVEYING AND DRAFTING.
The time of the only draftsnmn allowed this office is mainly tiik(
up with the care of the old records of the city of Washington. lie
required to be in his office the greater portion of each day to exhil
h
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3287
these records to those interested, and is frequently summoned to pro-
duce them in court.
During the year he has completed, under my direction, a map show-
ing; every United States reservation in the city of Washington, with a
description of each one; he has surveyed several small reservations, has
made souu^lings on the line of the dock now being constructed at Wake-
fieJd, Va., and has prepared under my direction detailed drawings for
tlie dock.
As heretofore stated, Mr. John Stewart, the draftsman, who has had
the immediate charge of the old records of the city for nearly a score of
3;ear8, informs me that in his investigations he can find no satisfactory
evidence to show that the United States has ever received payment or
irmiited deeds in fee for twenty entire squares and about 2,000 lots in
different parts of the city of Washington.
1 again invite attention to this important matter and urgently recom
i*^end that provision be made for the employment of a clerk to take
f-'h urge of these old records, and to make a complete and exhaustive
'^iv^cstigation of this whole subject, and thus permit the only draftsman
allowed this office to attend to his legitimate duties.
RESERVATIONS OCCUPIED, IT IS BELIEVED, IX VIOLATION OF LAW.
"Xhe following reservations claimed as the property of the United
^^^tes are now occupied, it is believed, without authority of law :
,j^ lieservations ]Nos. 113, 127, and 197, by the Baltimore and l\)toinac
^^^ilroad Company.
lieservation Ko. 226, by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.
Reservation No. 125, by the Central Union Mission as a place of
^^c>rship.
Jieservation No. 186, by the Bethany Chapel of the New York avenue
»*esbyterian congregation.
Jieservation No. 293, intersection of Canal and N street south and
^ ix8t street west; occupied by a party who built a frame house thereon
^^ 1888; this case has been in the hands of the United States District
-Attorney for the District of Columbia for the past six years.
Reservation No. 249 is occupied as a lumber yard by a party who
claims to rent it from a gentleman in Port Deposit, Md.
Reservations No. 137, 138, 141, 152, 164, and 169 have been inclosed
^^ith iron or wire fences and partially improved by the owners of ad ja-
^^nt property.
STATUES.
There are 14 statues in the public grounds under charge of this
^flice, as follows: Washington, Greene, Jackson, Lincoln (2), Scott,
Parragut, Thomas, Du Pont, Rawlins, McPherson, Gartiehl, Henry,
«^Ti(l Lafayette; all of these are in good condition, but there shouLl be
a small annual appropriation for pointing up the pedestals and cleaning
the statues.
It is anticii^ated that within the next two years statues will be
<*rected to the memory of Gens. Sheridan, Hancock, and Logan.
EHtimaieB for the fiscal year ending June 30^ 1896.
Salaries of omploy<$8, public buildings and grounds, otc. :
One office clerk $1, 600. 00
One niesnenger 8 10. 00
One public gardener 2, 000. 00
t
3288 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Salaries of employ^B, public buildings and grounds, etc. —
Continued.
One clerk in charge of old public records of Washington
city ., $1,500.00
One clerk 1, 400. 00
One electrician and telegraph lineman 1, 080. 00
Overseers, draftsmen, n)remen, gardeners, mechanics,
and laborers 35, 000. 00
One captain of the watch 1, 200. 00
One day watchman in Lafayette Square 660. 00
One day watchman in Franklin Square 660. 00
Two day watchmen in Smithsonian grounds, at $660 each . 1 , 320. 00
Two night watchmen in Smithsonian grounds, at $720
each 1,440.00
One day watchman in Judiciary Square 660. 00
One night* watchman in Judiciary Square 720. 00
One day watchman at Lincoln Square and adjacent reser-
vations ' 660.00
One dav watchman at.Iowa Circle 660. 00
One day watchman at Thomas Circle and neighboring
reservations 660. 00
One day watchman at Washington Circle and neighbor-
ing reservations 660. 00
One day watchman at Dupont Circle and neighboring
reservations 660. 00
One day watchman at McPlierson and Farragut squares. 660.00
One day watchman at Stanton Square and neighboring
reservations 660. 00
Two day watchmen at Henry (Armory; and Seaton
squares, at $660 each 1, 320. 00
One night watchman at Henry (Armory) and Se<iton
squares " 720. 00
One day watchman at Mount Vernon Square and ailjacent
reservations 660. 00
One day watchman at grounds south of the Executive
Mansion 660. 00
One watchman for greenhouses and nursery 660. 00
One day watchman for Marion Square, Folger Square,
and adjacent reservations 660. 00
One day watchman at Gartield Park 660. 00
One night watchman at Garfield Park 720. 00
One day watchman at Rawlins Square and adjacent reser-
vations 660.00
$61, 420. 00
Contingent expenses, public buildings and grounds 500. 00
Improvement and care of public grounds:
Improvement and maintenance of grounds north and
south of Executive Mansion 5, 000. 00
Ordinary care of greenhouses and nursery 2, 000. 00
Ordinary care of Lafayette Square 1, 000. 00
Ordinary care of Franklin Square 1, 000. 00
Ordinary care of Lincoln Square 1, 000. 00
Care and improvemeut of Monument grounds 10, 000. 00
Continuing improvement of Reservation No. 17 and site
of old canal northwest of same 5, 000. 00
Construction and repair of jiost-and-chain fences, repair
of high iron fences, and constructing stone coping
about reservations 1, 500. 00
Manure, and hauling same 5, 000. 00
Painting watchmen's lodges, iron fences, vases, lamps,
and lamp posts 1, 500. 00
Purchase and repair of seats 1, 000. 00
Purchase and repair of tools 2, 000. 00
Trees, tree and plant stakes, labels, lime, whitewashing,
and stock for nnrsery 3, 000. 00
Removing snow and ice 1, 500. 00
Flower y)ot8, twine, baskets, wire, splints, moss, .and
lycopodium 1, 000. 00
Care, construction, and repair of fountains 1, 500. 00
Abating nuisances 500. 00
APPENDIX C C C— PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3289
Improvement and care of public grounds — Continued.
Improvement^ care, and maintenance of various reserva-
tions $20,000.00
Improvement, maintenance, and care of Smithsonian
grounds, etc 8, 000. 00
Improvement, care, and maintenance of Judiciary Square. 7, 000. 00
Granite curbing about Franklin Square 5, 000. 00
Liayiiig asphalt walks in various reservations 5, 000. 00
Improvement and care of Henry and Seaton parlf s 5, 000. 00
Construction of a large greenhouse at the propagating
gardens, for palms and tropical plants of large growth,
needed for tropical bedding, etc., in the public parks
during the summer months 6, 000. 00
Improvement of Howard University Park 25, 000. 00
For lodges for park watchmen at Stanton, Mount Vernon,
Iowa, Dnpont, Thomas, McPherson, and Folger reser-
vations, at $500 each 3, 500. 00
Cleaning statues and repairing pedestals 200. 00
Improvement of Keservation No. 32, southeast corner .
Pennsylvania avenue and Fourteenth street NVV 5, 000. 00
Improvement of Hancock Place, corner Pennsylvania
avenue and Seventh street NW. 3, 000. 00
Improvement of Reservation No, 19, near navy-yard 12, 000. 00
Construction of an aMphalt walk 15 feet wide on the outer
border of the ellipse in the grounds south of the Exec-
utive Mansion 10, .500. 00
For expenses, including advertising, of sale of old con-
demned and useless property 100. 00
Care, repairs, fuel, etc., Executive Mansion :
For care, repair, and refurnishing Executive Mansion, to
be expended by contract or otherwise, as the President
may determine 25,000.00
Fuel for Executive Mansion, greenhouses, and stable 3, 000. 00
Care and necessary repair of greenhouses 5, 000. 00
New superstructure of iron and glass for the conserva-
tory 13,000.00
Lighting the Executive Mansion and the public grounds :
Gas; pay of lamplighters, ^asfitters, and laborers; pur-
chase, erection, and repair of lamps and lamp post«:
purchase of matches, and repairs of all kinds ; fuel and
lights for office and office stable, for watchmen's lodges,
and for greenhouses at the nursery : Prorided, That for
each 6-foot burner not connected with a meter in the
lamps on the public grounds no more than $21.50 shall
be paid per lamp for gas, including lighting, cleaning,
and keeping the lamps in repair, under any expenditure
provided for in this act; and said lamps shall burn not
less than 3,000 hours per annum ; and authority is liereby
given to substitute other illuminating material for the
same or less price, and to use so much of the sum hereby
appropriated as may be necessary for that purpose 15, 000. 00
Klectric lights for 365 nights, from 7 posts, at 40 cents
per light per night, $2.80 per night 1, 022. 00
Lighting the Monument grounds with electric lights:
For 6,642 feet 5-inch terra-cotta pipe laid complete
with manholes, at 60 cents per foot 3, 985. 20
For 18 iron poles, complete in position, at $19.50 per
pole 351.00
Lighting Lafayette Park with electric lights :
For 1,305 feet 5-inch terra-cotta pipe laid complete,
with manholes, at 60 cents per foot 783. 00
For 6 iron poles complete in position, at $19.50 per
pole 117.00
Lighting Franklin Park with electric lights:
For 1,442 feet 5-inch terra cotta pipe laid complete,
with manholes, at 60 cents per foot 865. 20
$158, 800. 00
46, 000. 00
3290 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IT. fif. ARMY.
Lightiug tbo Executive Mnnsion aud the public grounds —
Continued.
Lighting Franklin Park with electric lights— Continued.
For 9 iron polos complete in position, at $19.50 per
pole $175.50
For lightiug for 365 nights 33 arc electric lights in
the Monument grounds, L:ifayetto and Franklin
parks, at 50 cents per light per night G, 022. 50
$28, 35
Kepairs to water pipes and firo plugs:
Ivcpairing nn«l extending water pipes, purchase of appa-
ratus lor cleaning them, purchase of hose, and for clean-
ing the springs and repairing and renewing the pipes
of tho same that supply the Capitol, the Executive
Mansion, and tho building for the State, War, and
Navy Departments 2, 500. 00
For changing route of pipe line that supplies the Capi-
. tol, encasing a portion of it in concrete and uncover-
ing and examining the entire lino 10,000. 00
12, 5<
Telegraph to connect tho Capitol with the Departments aud
tho Ooverument Printing Office:
For replacing tho present system of wires with a dupli-
cate 6-wire underground telegraph cable, being a total
distance of abou 1 17,000 feet 25, 000. 00
yor care and repair of existing lines, including replac-
ing present poles with new and taller poles at a cost
)f $1, 600, if the underground lino is. not constructed.. 3, 100. 00
28, 1(
Total 335.64
Jlashingion Monument^ elevntorj electric I'lffhtn, and machinery connected thtrciriti
Tho following estimate for operating the elevator, tho electric lights,
tho machinery connected therewith for the fiscal year ending June 30,181
subnnttcd:
One custodian, at $100 per month $1
One steam engineer, at $90 per month . . . .' 1
One assistant steam engineer, at $70 per month •.
One fireman, at $60 per month
One assistant- fireman, at $60 per inonth
One conductor of elevator car, at $75 per month
One attendant on floor, at $60 per inonth
One attendant on top floor, at $60 per month »
Three night and day watchmen, at $60 per month each 2
For fuel, lights, oil, waste, packing, tools, matches, paints, brushes, brooms,
lanterns, rope, nails, screws, lead, electric lights, heating apparatus, oil
stoves for elevator car and upper and lower floors,, repairs to engines,
boilers, dynamo, elevator, and re])air8 of all kinds connected wit^ the
monument and machinery, and purchase of all necessary' articles for keeping
the monument, machinery, elevator, and electric-light plant in good order. 3
Total 12
As some of the foregoing estimates are larger than tho amounts h
tofore appropriated, and as others are for newwork, it is deemed ad
able to submit the following brief explanation in reference thereto:
First. One public gardener, $2,000. I have asked for an increase
the salarj' of the public gardener, a position now so satisfactoril3' fil
by Mr. George H. Brown. The duties of the office require that the g
tleman who fills it shall be thoroughly skilled in the culture of tr<
shrubs, and plants, and shall have a practical knowledge of civil ei
neering as applied to landscape gardening. Mr. Brown combines th
attributes, to which he adds taste, industry, and integrity. His dut
take him from one end of the city to the other. He is directly respoi
ble for the care of the valuable collection of plants in the propagafc
k
APPENDIX C C C PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3291
«
gardens, and superintends tbe propagation of plants that arc annually
raised for the public grounds, which this year numbered about 400,000.
Second. One clerk in charge of okl i)ublic records of \Y ashingtou
City, 81,500. These records include maps, deeds, record books, letters,
et<'., from the organization of the original board of commissioners, near
the close of the last century, up to 1867, when the duties were turned
over to the Chief of Engineers. They are constantly examined by
attorneys and others interested in lands in Washington, and the per-
son in charge cf them is frequently required to produce them in courts;
to index them properly, to be able to turn at once to the details of any
question raised, requires familiarity with every paper. This work has
for the last few years been intrusted to the only draftsman allowed
this oflSce, and during the past year at least one-fourth of his time has
been actually employed on this duty. It is desirable that this appro-
priation l>e made in order that the draftsman may be permitted to
attend to the necessary and legitimate duties of his office.
Third. One clerk, 81,400. Of late years the office work has increased
to such an extent that to properly perform it has required continuous
^ork at night and on Sundays and holidays. This is a hardship, and
as a remedy an appropriation for an additional clerk is recommended.
Fourth. For one telegraph lineman, $1,080. The telegraph system
under charge of this office includes about 8 miles of overhead wire.
There are 18 offices connected with these lines, the main battery being
at this office. The lineman is constantly engaged in the care of the
^^iw and local batteries and such necessary repairs and extensions as
* system of wires of this kind requires. He is industrious, efficient,
?n<i capable, and has won the confidence of all with whom he has come
^n coutact by ftiithful attention to his duties.
. ^ifth. An increase in the appropriation for overseers, foremen, etc.,
i'S suggested, as the city of Washington is spreading to the north, east,
»nd West, the area of improved reservations must be increased to keep
paee with private enterprise, and the small increase requested will be
^^ the utmost advantage in continuing the ornamentation of spaces now
^^F^^y unimproved.
V^*^th. An estimate for a captain of the watch is submitted and rec-
^^ended. Such an officer is much needed in order that the park
^<ilimen may be under proper sui)er vision.
g^^Venth. Estimates for a day watchmen for Marion and Folger squares
^j,^ adjacent reservations, and for a day watchman for Garfield Park,
an^ Submitted and recommentled. Marion and Folger squares contain
of Aggregate area of about 3 acres, and Garfield Park contains an area
p^ ^oout 24 acres. They are highly improved and the necessity for
S^'^iding watchmen for their care is apparent,
o '•Eighth. An estimate is submitted for a day watchman at Rawlins
Ji^^^are and adjacent reservations. Rawlins Siiuaro is a large, hi;?hly
t^ l^^oved park on New York avenue between Eighteenth and Nine-
^^^^th streets. It is about seven squares from Washington Circle and
j^^^^e are several highly improved reservations just north of it on Tenn-
^o "'^ avenue. It is frequented to a large extent by the people living
!^th and east of the reservation.
ft^^inth. For the care and improvement of the Monument grounds,
^^,000. It is desirable that this important improvement should pro-
j^^s^s more rapidly than heretofore. The amount (82,000) appropriated
^.^1804 was sufficient merely to maintain the park in its ])resent con-
.vUon, and did not admit of any imi)rovements in the unfinished por-
^^^Us of the grounds.
3292 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Tenth. For painting watclimen's lodges, iron fences, vases, lamps,
and lamp-posts $1,500 is requested. There are 8 watchmen's lodges,
a number of post-and-chain. fences, 18 vases, over 400 lamp-posts, and
the iron fence around the Executive Mansion, all of which should be
painted in 1895-'96.
Eleventh. For trees, tree and plant stakes, etc., and stock for nursery
$3,000 is asked, in place of the $2,000 last granted. The larger sum is
the amount appropriated annually for more than twelve years, ending
June 30, 1892.
Twelfth. For removing snow and ice the sum of $1,500 is asked.
The sum usually granted, viz, $1,200, is generally sufficient, but some-
times is not.
Thirteenth. Twenty thousand dollars is asked for improvement, care,
and maintenance of various reservations, in place of the $10,000
granted this year. It is proposed to improve as many as possible of
the uuimproved reservations. Each year from one to five are added
to the list of improved reservations, and if the funds now requested
become available eight or ten can be added during the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1896. As reservations are thus improved the expense of
the care of the whole is slightly increased, for the improvements must
be maintained.
Fourteenth. For the Smithsonian grounds $8,000 is asked, and for
Judiciary Square $7,000, in place of $2,500 and $3,000 granted last
year. The increased amounts can be profitably expended dui*ing the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1896, in the improvement of those parks.
Fifteenth. For placing granite curbing about Franklin Square
$5,000 is asked. The beauty of this handsome park will be greatly
enhanced by placing around it a granite curbing similar to those used
around parks of the same style in the larger cities elsewhere.
Sixteenth. For laying asphalt walks in various reservations, $5J)00.
It is proposed to replace with first-class asphalt walks the gravel paths
in Washington Circle, Mount Vernon Square, Executive Mansion
grounds (south side), Lincoln Square, Stanton Square, Folger Square,
Marion Square, Henry and Seaton parks, and to renew those in Farra-
gut Square. In the. late fall, winter, and early spring those walks are
muddy, and pedestrians seek the lawns, which are thus destroyed by
trespassers. The amount of these paths which it is proposed to lay
is about 3,500 square yards. Each autumn it becomes necessary to
put down i)lank walks, which must again be removed in the spring.
If asphalt walks are laid, the annual expense incident to plank walks
will be avoided.
Seventeenth. For improvement, care, and maintenance of Henry
(Arniory) and Seaton parks, $5,Gk)0. These reservations, extending
from Seventh street to the Botanic Gardens, cover an area of 34 acres,
with road and walk surfaces of over 10,000 square yards. They are in
an advanced state of improvement. Their beauty has been marred by
the depot and tracks of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad. A mound
has been constructed around the depot, upon which it is intended to
plant trees and shrubs, so that in time the depot will be hidden par-
tially from view. The materials for this mound have thus far been
obtained free of expense to the United States, and it is now proposed
to complete the grading of the mound and to seed and i)lant it. The
funds requested are needed for this purpose and for the care of roads,
lawns, gutters, etc., and laying out additional paths.
Eighteenth. An estimate amounting to $G,000 is also submitted for
constructing a large greenhouse at the proi)agating gardens for i^alms
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3293
and subtropical plants. The greenhouse structures now existing at the
gardens are of small size and not of sufficient capacity to accommodate
that class of plants.
Nineteenth. An estimate amounting to $26,000 is submitted for
improving the reservation known as Howard University Park. The
park contains an area of about 12 acres, and the reasons for recom-
niendiug its improvement are mentioned in this report.
Twentieth. For lodges for park watchmen in Stanton, Mount Vernon,
Iowa, Dupont, Thomas, McPherson, and Folger reservations, at $500
**acb, $3,500. The watchmen in these reservations are exposed to the
inclemency of the weather at all seasons of the year. Rain or shine,
hot or cold, niglit or day, year in and out, they must be at their sta-
tions and take shelter, when necessary, either under a tree or in such
adwelhngorstoro as will ofler its hospitality. The dictates of human-
ity call for this appropriation.
Twenty first. The sum of $200 is asked for repairing pedestals and
^''^anijig statues. Several of the pedestals need repoiuting, and the
^^'tatues are from time to time disfigured by bird lime, which must be
reDio\-ed.
Twentysecond. Estimates are submitted for the improvement of the
^^^^ervations at the corner of Pennsylvania avenue and Fourteenth
street, 85^000, and Hancock Place, corner Pennsylvania avenue and
^evonth street, $3,000; these are prominent places, upon the prin-
^'pal avenue in the city, and it is urgently hoped that funds may be
^Ppropviated for their improvement and ornamentation.
^^'eiity-third. An estimate is submitted for the improvement of Res-
rvation Ko. 19, near the navy -yard, as requested by certain citizens of
^"^^least Washington; plans for beautifying this park at an estimated
cost of $12,000 have been i>repared, and it is hoped that the necessary
uikIh ff)Y the work will be appropriated.
,. ^'^^uty-fourth. An estimate of $10,500 is submitted for the construc-
lon of an asphalt walk, 15 feet wide, on the outer border of the ellipse
^T\i^ Rrounds south of the Executive Mansion.
*^^^ ellipse is now used for drills, parades, etc., while the wide road
aroviu^ it has become a resort for those who can aftbrd the use of car-
r*^.Sos and horses. In order that pedestrians may be able to enjoy the
P"Vi|^g^ of watching these reviews and parades, as well as the pleas-
'^^n^^ evening promenades during the heated period over a walk which
^ * l^o used as a public thoroughfare, it is urged that this appropria-
ji ^ay be made.
, *^ ^^'enty-fifth. For expenses, including advertising, of sale of old, con-
^^JJ^^ed, and useless property, $100.
J^^ction 3618 of the Revised Statutes requires that condemned prop-
.^*^hall be sold at public auction. Disbursing officers must comply
^^^ the rulings of the accounting officers of the Treasury. The First
?^ptroller of the Treasury has decided that the gross proceeds of sale
^^ condemnedproperty of this kind must be turned into the Treasury, the
^^Penses of the sale to be paid from the general appropriation for the
P^J'ticular Department that may have used this old material, con-
^^nined stores, etc. The Second Comptroller of the Treasury has
^^ided that only the net proceeds of the sale must be turned into the
Treasury, the expenses of the sales to be paid from the proceeds
derived therefrom. We have here diametrically opposite decisions on
^ae same subject from the two Comptrollers, from whose decisions there
appears to be no appeal.
With the exception of one other officer besides myself, I believe every
3294 RTilPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U. S. ARMY
oflScer of the Corps of Engineers disbursing under the Chief of Engi-
neers has final action uj^on his accounts through the Second Comp-
troller, and pays the expenses of sales of this kind out of the proceeds
of the sale. I must, however, pay such expenses under the decision of
the First Comptroller from the aiipropriations under my charge. As
these appropriations are absolutely necessary for the purposes for
wliich they were made, I ask that a specific sum be appropriated for
the expenses of this sale.
I twould bo equally advantageous if, in the lavv making appropriations
for tbis department, a proviso similar to that appertaining to some other
departments could be inserted, as follows: Provided, That hereafter
the exi)enses of the sale at public auction of all condemned and use-
less property appertaining to the public buildings and grounds in the
District of Columbia, under charge of the Chief of Engineers, shall be
paid from the funds derived from the sale.
Twenty-sixth. New superstructure of iron and glass for the conservn
tory of the Executive Mansion, $13,000.
The present wooden superstructure constructed some years ago i
badly decayed and in a dangerous condition. It has been patched an
otherwise repaii^ed from time to time, but should be replaced by a^
entire new modern structure.
Twenty-seventh. The appropriation requested for lighting Executi\~
Mansion and public grounds, and which is in excess of that made las
year^ is deemed very necessary in order to extend the electric-ligL
system through the Monument grounds, now entirely without illumiu-
tion, and to change the sj'^stem in Lafayette and Franklin parks fro
gas to electric lights. In the interest of morality, as well as for the pr-
teetion of persons visiting or passing through the parks after dark, it
desirable to make them as light as possible at night.
Twenty- eighth. An estimate of $10,000 is submitted for changing t
route of the pipe line which supplies the Capitol wath pure sprii
water, incasing a portion of it in concrete and examining the enti
line; the necessity for this important work is fully set forth in th
report.
Twenty-ninth. An estimate is again submitted for replacing the ov
head wires between the Capitol and the Departments with a duplica
underground C-wire cable. The growth of the trees on the sidewal
renders it absolutely necessary, in order to maintain telegraphic conr
munication over these wires, either to erect at once taller poles at a co
of about 81,000, or to lay an underground cable at a cost of $25,
It appears to be the will of Congress that no more overhead wires slw
be placed in this city (see District of Columbia appropriation act ^
July 18, 1888); otherwise 1 should recommend the appropriation of tl
smaller amount.
Thirtieth. I recommend that the salaries of the two steam enginee
at the Washington Monument be increased from "SSO and $60 to $
aiid $70 per month, respectively. The duties of these two men arc
great importance. Upon their eflBciency and intelligence depend,
a great extent, the lives of those who use the elevator. The increa
asked is small and the men deserve it. I also recommend that the pi
of the two firemen be placed at $60 per month each. That is the n
allowed firemen in the Executive Departments, and there appears
be no reason why the firemen at tht; Monument should receive less.
In submitting these estimates I earnestly recommend that the vii
ous items under the heading of "Improvement and care of pub-
grounds" be aggregated under one head, and w^hile each item of w
APPENDIX C C C ^PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3295
shall be named, the whole shall bo covered by a general sum, not a
specific sum for each item. This is done in other Departments of the
^'overnment, particularly the (Quartermaster's Department of the
Army. It saves quite an amount of clerical labor by i)ermitting the ))rep-
J^ration of accounts under one heading, rather than under about thirty;
^loreover, it permits small balances which might be saved from one item
to be used in some other equally necessary and important work.
This recommendation is based strictly upon business principles, and
is for the purpose of reducing clerical labor and expediting the pro-
gress of the work.
Financial statement for fiscal year ending June 30, 1S04.
Title of ap]>ropriatioD.
^provement and care of pnblic gronnde
*«pair8. fncl, etc., Executive Mansion
^ffhting, etc., Executive Mansion, etc
y pairs to water pipes and firo plugs
•iele;^raph toconnect the Capitol with the Dc-
Partmentfl and Goverument Printing Office.
V'OnttQgent expeD8(t8. public buildings and
gf^'>and8 under Chief En<rineer
grou
'^cs of employes, public buildings and
groanUa under Ohief Engineer
Vi^ A,xi^ maintenance ot the Washington
pi*?«*aiiient
p°y*'» Theater building, repairs.
mejital^ toT statue of Gen. John A. Logan. .'
*^%>*«t«kl for statue of Gen. Wintteld Scott '
*^ancock
Available
at begin
uing of
fiscal year.
Expend«l
dnriiig
fiscal 3'euT.
Pledged by
contracts.
Unoxncnd-
ed balance
to re vert to
Trea-sury.
$44, 200. 00
27, 000. 00
15.022.00
2, 500. 00
1.250.00
500.00
47, 060. 00
11.520. 00
*17,»58.00
50, 000. 00
49, 00. 000
$43. 915. 65
25,916.33
14, 769. 29
2, 493. 63
1, 250. 00
497. 98
46,981.02
11.489.05
10,163.91
2,000.00
2. 000. 00
$2,<M.35
1.08 { 67
252. 71
6.37
2.02
78.93
30.05
$48, 000. 00
47, 0:)0. 00
^Pprvpriatod by act approved September 7, 1893, $6,000; by act approved March 12, 1894, $11,958.
- ."■^*^ conclosion, I desire to exi)ress my sincere appreciation of the
j.aitlif\i] and efficient manner in which Mr. George H. Brown, the skill-
^^ Uod accomplished public gardener, and Mr. E. F. Concklin, over-
^^ 5^nd chief clerk, have performed the various and important duties
^^teiitted to their charge.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
John M. Wilson,
Lieut Col., Corps of Engineers,
Y^ Colonel, U, 8, Army.
*^^ig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers, U. S. A.
8v>r
V;
OPSIS OF UNITED STATES PUBLIC RESERVATIONS IN THE CITY
^^ WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OP COLUIVIBIA, TO ACCOMPANY ANNUAL
^^PORT UPON PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, FOR THE FISCAL
^">SAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1894.
^P^P^t or^dt ^ocatioUj and description of the Government parls and reservations rom-
^^T^sittg the puhlio grounds of IVashin'gton, D. C, under the control of the Chief of
'^**0ineersy fj, 8, Army.
Deecription.
^,^**1 number of roserratlona
\^^*f ^"RtionJi highly improvecl . . .
|/^*rvation.s iiartially improved
*^»orvatk>ns unimproved
Nnniber.
Area.
Acr^s.
301
405. 08
92
:{3'J. 38
41
6.01
las
48.69
3296 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
In this report and upon tho map herewith the reservations are numbered in the fol-
lowing order :
1. Pennaylvania avenue 20 to 5G
2. MasBachusettA avenue 57 to 93
8. Virginia avenue 04 to 130
4. New Hampshire avenue 131to 148
5. Connecticut avenue 149 to 150
6. Rhode Island avenue 151 to 100
7. Vermont avenue -. 161 to 170
8. New York avenue 171 to 185
9. Ohio avenue 186
10. Louisiana avenue 187
11. Indiana avenue 188 to 189
12. New Jersey avenue 190 to 196
13. Maryland avenue 197 to 213
14. Delaware avenue 214to22S
15. Nortl\ Carolina avenue 229 to 239
10. South Carolina avenue 240 to 241
17. Greorgia avenue 242 to 2*8
18. Kentucky avenue 259 to 265
19. Tennessee avenue 266 f o 269
20. Florida avetiue 270 to 283
21. Canalstreet 284 to 283
22. AVater street 294 to 301
No. 1. President 8 Park (formerly irhite lot; area, 82 acres 9,683 square feet; highly
improved) :
Between Fifteenth and Seventeenth streets \^est and B street and Penn-
sylvania avenue north. The Executive Mansion, United States Treas-
ury, State, War, and Navy Department buildings are located on the
northern portion of this reservation, in separate inclosures, surrounded
by iron railings and flag-stone pavements. These inclosed spaces arc
laid out in asphalt walks and lawn surfaces, arc well lighted and inter-
spersed with ornamental evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, and
parterres for summer plautiug of exotic flowering and foliagod plants.
The southern portion of the park, except a limitiMlarea still occupied by
the stables of the Executive Mansiou, has been improved. Gravel roads
and walks have been laid out for public travel, the lawn surfaces have
been arranged, and the planting of tho ground with natural groups of
ornamental green and deciduous trees and shrubs has been nearly com-
pleted. The roadway around the ellipse is lighted from 7 electric lamps.
There are 3 fountains, 1 on the north front, 1 on the east front, and 1 on
the south front of the Executive Mansion. The oast and west carriage-
ways leading to the north front of tho Executive Mansion are now laid
in asphalt.
No. 2. Waahinf/ton Park (formerly the Monument Grounds; area, 78 acr*»8 22,678
square feet; highly improved) :
Between Fourteenth and Seventeenth streets west and B street north and
B street south and the old bank of the Potomac River. This area
includes the nursery grounds under control of this office and the lakes
on the northwestern portion of the grounds under the control of the
U. S. Fish Commission.
Tho Washington Monument is located near the river front in the western
portion of the park. The white marble lodge is located near Fourteenth
street, and the monument-elevator boiler-house near the old bank of the
Potomac River.
A portion of the main roads of the park has been laid out for public travel
and the lawn surface graded and planted in X)art with evergreen and
deciduous trees. The nursery aiid propagating garden of the public
gardens is in an advanced stage of improvement and comprises an area
of about 7 acres. The carp ponds, lakes, and grounds, under control of
tho Fish Commission, comprise an area of about 20 acres.
A circular sidewalk isformedaroundthobaseof the monument at a radius
of 70 feet from its center, and laid in granolithic pavement; afoot-walk
from the northwest corner of the monument leading to Meridian avenue
is laid in asphalt, and 5 feet in width of asphalt has been laid on the center
of the gravel walk leading from the northeast corner of tho monument in
tho direction of Fifteentii street west and B street north. Several flower
beds are laid out in the triangles formed by the intersections of roads and
walks ; water has been introduced in part.
No 3. Smithsonian Park (area, 58 acres 1,260 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Seventh and Twelfth streets west and from B street north to B
street south. The Smithsonian Institution, the National Museum, and
the Army Medical Museum and library are located in this park. Those
grounds are in an advanced stage of improvement; inclosed in ]iart
with a substantial iron railing; gas lamps around and oi^niain lines of
travel through the x><irk; gravel and asphalt roads and walks in good
condition : broad lawn surfaces planted with a choice selection of ever-
green ana deciduous trees and shrubs. The statue of tlie late Prof.
Henry, by W. W. Story, is located at the intersection of the main road-
ways northwest of the Institute building and the monument to the late
Prof. A. J. Downing is located near the north end of east ellipse in
these grounds. Two drinking fountains and a watchman's lodge are
located in this park, and irragation water is introduced throughont the
nark.
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3297
Ko. 4. Hritri/ Park (formerly Armory Park; area, 14 acres 37,830 square feet; highly
improved) :
Betweeu Sixth and Seventh streets west and B street north and B street
south. The Baltimore and Potomac Kailroad passenger depot and the
Armory building (now used by the U. S. Fish Commission) are located in
this park. These grounds are now in an advanced stage of improve-
ment; inclosed in part with a substantial iron railing; gas lamps around
and on main lines of travel through the park; gravel roads and walks
in good condition ; lawn surfaces partly planted with ornamental ever-
green and deciduous trees and shrubs. Tho main roadway of this park
js continued over Sixth street on a substantial iron bridge constructed
by the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Company. A large mound is
being constructed, which will bo planted with evergreen and deciduous
trees and shrubs to screen the depot from the park.
Kc.5. Seaton Park (area, 12 acres 21,902 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Four-and-a-half and Sixth streets west and Maine and Missouri
avenues.
These grounds are in an advanced stage of improvement; gas lamps
around and on main lines of travel through the park ; gravelroads and
walks in good condition : lawn surfaces partly planted with ornamental
evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs.
No. <>. Seaton Park continued (area, 6 acres 19,440 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Third and Four-and-a-half streets west and Maine and Missouri
avenues. These grounds are in an advanced stage of improvement ; gas
lamps around and on main lines of travel through the park ; gravel road
and walks in good condition; lawn surfaces partly planted with orna-
mental evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs. There is 1 drink-
ing fountain in this park.
No. 7. Judiciary Park, area 19 acres 35,712 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Fourth and Fifth streets west and Indiana and Louisiana avenues
and G street north. The City Hall and new Pension Office buildings are
located in this park. These grounds are in an ad vanced stage of improve-
ment and partly inclosed with post-and-chain fence; gas Tamps around
and on main lines of travel through the park ; watchman's lodge with
public conveniences, 2 drinking fountains, and 1 jet fountain are
in this park; general roads and walks in good condition; lawn surfaces
Slanted with ornamental evergreen and deciduous trees, and shrubs and
ower beds in front of watchman's lodge. The entrance road to the east
end of the the Pension Office building, and walks leading to and passing
the building, and the walk from Fourth and £ streets and from watch-
roan's lodge to the Pension Office building and from Fourth to Fifth
streets west and from Fourth and F streets to City Hall and Louisiana
avenue and from Fourth street west and Indiana avenue to the City
Hall are laid in asphalt; water for irrigating purposes has been iutro-
daced.
Ko. S» Mount f'ernon Park (area, 2 acres 27,673 square feet; highly improved):
Between Seventh and Ninth streets northwest, at the interaection of
Massachusetts and New York avenues. This park is improved and
planted with ornamental evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs;
inclosed with post and chain fence; gas lamps around and through the
park; two drinking fountains and one ornamental iron iet fountain in
the center of the park; gravel and asphalt walks on direct lines of
travel through the park, and lawn surfaces interspered with flower beds
for summer planting of exotic llowering and foliage plants.
Ko. 9. Franklin Park (area, 4 acres 28,590 square feet; highly improved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets w^est and I and K streets
north. Gas lamps through the park; two drinking fountains and a
watchman's l9dge, with public conveniences, and a fountain in the
center of the park, with a set of French Jets and ornamental polished
Aberdeen granite coping; lawn surfaces planted with choice ornamental
evergreen and deciauous trees and shrubs, and interspersed with beds
and Dorders for summer planting of decorative flowering and foliaged
plants; asphalt and gravel walks on lines of travel through the park.
Ho. 10. Lafayette Park (area, 6 acres 41,444 square feet; highly improved):
Between Pennsylvania avenue and H street nortn and Fifteen-and-a-half
and Sixteen-and-a-half streets west. This park, from its prominent
situation opposite the main front of the Executive Mansion, was one of
the first city parks elaborately improved and planted, and contains u
choice collection of evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, including
many fine specimens of rare species not generally found north of Wash-
ENG 94 207
B29S REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF EN^^INEERS, U. 6. ARJiCY.
iogton; ga» lamps aroiind and throagh tho park; two drink ins fova^
tains; lawn surfaces planted chiefly on margins of walks andintsr-
spetsed with flower beds and borders for summer planting of exotic
flowering and foUaged plants. Two massive antique bronze vases of
elaborate design on graniter pedestals grace tho park at intersections
of walks near the eastern and western entrances. The equestrian statue
of Gen. Jackson, by Clark Mills^ on a white marble pedestal, surrounded
by four field pieces of artillery (captured by Gen. Jackson), occupies
the center of tne park ; gravel and asphalt walks are in good condition,
and a watchman's lodge, with necessary public coavcniences, is located
in this park.
The statue of Gen. La&yetto and his compatriots, by Messrs. Alexander
Falguiere and Antonin Mercie, of France, graces the southeast entrance
to this park; two granite pier posts, with wing walls and coping, have
been placed at this entrance to the park, and a granite boundary curb,
with terminal granite-block piers at entranees to walks has been set
around the park.
Nok IL MePhtrson Park (area, 1 acre 29, 216 square feet; highly improved):
Between I and K streets nerth^ at the seutheastem terminus of and inter-
section of Yerraent avenue and Fifteenth street west. These grounds
are in an advanced stage of improvenwnt; the lawn surfaces are planted
with ornamental evergreen anA deciduous trees and shrubs. The eques-
trian statue of Geu. McPherson, by Louis L Rebissoy occupies the center
of the park ; two large ornamental iron flower vases are placed on the
lawns and planted with suitable summer decorative plants; asphalt
walks intersect the grounds on direct lines of travel throiigh the park;
gas lamps around and through the park. Two drinking &un tains are
placed at intersections of walks near the center, and a granito boundary
curb around the margin of the park.
No. 12. Farragut Park (area, 1 acre 26,216 square feet; highly improved) :
Between I and K streets north and terminus and intersection of Connecti-
cut avenue and Seventeenth street west. The bronze statno of Admiral
Farragut, by Mrs. Vinnie Ream Hoxie, is located in tho center of this
park; lawn Burface8.are planted with evergreen and decisckaons trees and
shrubs, and interspersed with flower beds, etc. ; asphalt walks aro laid
out in diagonal lines, and a drinking fountain placed at intersection of
the walks; gas lamps are around and through the park; inclosed with
post-and-cliain fence.
No. 13» Mawlina Park (area, 1 acre 30,218 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets west and at the intersection
of New York avenue and £ street north. This park is inclosed with
post-aind -chain fence ; improved and planted with evergreen and decid-
ttous trees and shrubs; lawn surfaces planted chiefly on margins of
walks ; two rustic fountains are located near the eastern and wcbtorn
entrances : asphalt walks are laid out in direct lines of travel ; gas lamps
are- around tho park.
No. 14. Lincoln Park (area, 6 acres 25,284 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Eleventh and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Massachusetts avenues. The
bronze statue of ''The Emancipation,'^ by Thomas Bail, is located in
this park. These grounds are in an advanced stage of improvement ;
inclosed with post-and-chain fience; gas lamps around the park and on
lines of walks thronghit; lawn surfaces planted with choice evergreen
and deciduous trees and shrubs, interspersed with flower beds, et«. ;
gravel walks on needed lines of travel are in good condition. There are
two drinking fountains and a watchman's lodge, with public conveni-
ences, in the park. Two ornamental fountains (spray jets and Portland
cement stone copings and bnsius) are placed at northern and southern
entrances to this park.
No. 15. Stanton Park (area, 3 acres 2,145 square feet; highly improved):
Between Fourth and Sixth streets east and at the intersectionof Massachu-
setts and Maryland avenues. The bronie enuestrian statue of Gen.
Greene, by Henry K. Brown, islocated here. The park is inclosed with
post-and-chain fence; gas lamps are through the park ; lawn surfaces
planted with choice evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs ; gravel
walka on direct lines of travel, flower beds are laid out at the base of the
pedestal of the statue for summer planting of decorative floweringplants ;
two ornamental rustic fountains are located at intersection of walks.
No. 16. Folger Park (area, 1 acre 39,654 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Second and Third streets east and at the intersection of North
Carolina avenue and D street south. This park is on the north front of
APPENDIX C C C PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3299
ProvidenceHoapital and ia inclosed with, poflt-and-chain fence ; giui lamp»
aroand and thronglitbe park ; gravel walks on direct lines of travel and
the lawn surfiiceft are planted with deciduoos trees ; th^e ia also a rustic
ffraaite fonntaiit in the center of the park.
Ko. 17. Garjuld Park (area, 2^ acres 42, 691 smiare feet; highly improved) :
Between South Capitol street and Thgrd street east and at the intersection
of New Jersey and^V irginia avenses. These groonda are in an advanced
stage of improvement; gravel roada and walks on direct lines of travel.
The lawn snrfaee is fnlly graded. The eastern section is planted with
a choice eolleetion of evergreen and deciduooia trees ana shrubs, and
interspersed with Sower beds. The western section is only planted
inpai^: irrigating water has beenintro«lnced throughout the park.
No. 18. Marion Park (.area, 1 acre 26^840 square £eet; hi^ly improved) :
Between Fourtiii and Sixth streets east at the intersection of South Caro-
lina avenne and £ street south. These grounds have been highly im-
proved ; gas lamps placed around and through the park; gravel walks
constructed on direct lines of travel, and lawn surfaces planted with
evergreen and decidueoa trees and shrubs. Tl^ero is a handsome large
Hilton iron vase in this park.
No. 19. Rectangle (area, 3^ acres 1^145 square leet; unimproved).
Between Fifth and Seventh streets east and K and L streets south, oc-
ettpied in part by a railway track leading into the U. S. Washington
navy-yardy as per act of Congress, dated March 2, 1889.
No. 20. Rectangle (area, 11 acres 13,840 scj^uare feet; unimproved) :
Between Four-and>a^half an-d Sixth streets weat and College and Pomeroy
streets north, partly planted with deciduous trees of large growth, and
sodded.
No. 21. Rectangle (area, 2 acres 36,181 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets west and B street north and
the Potomao River.
Now 22. Triangle (area, 3,502 square feet ; highly improved) :
Between Twenty-eighth and Tweuty-nintli streets west and at the inter-
section of PenDsylvania avenue and M street north. Lawn planted with
suitable deciduous trees and shrubs, having a large, ornamental iron
jet fountain, and inclosed with park post-and-ehain fence.
No. 23. Triangle (area, 2,275 square feet ; highly improved) :
Between Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets west, at the intersection
• of Pennsylvania avenne and L street north. Inclosed with post-and-
ehaiiw fence; improvetl, and planted mainly with flowering dwarf trees
and shrubs.
No. 24. Triangle (area, 6,240 square feet; jiortially improved) :
Between Twenty -fourth and Twenty-fifth streets west and at the inter-
section of Pennsylvania avenue and L street north. Inclosed with a post-
and-ehain fence; graded, but not planted ; water introduced.
No. 2S. Trapezoid (area, 1,365 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth streets west and at tbo inter-
section of Pennsylvania avenue and K street north. Inclosed with post-
and-chain fenoe, and lawu surface graded ; flower bed in center of space
and water introduced.
No. 26. Waahingion Circle (aiea, 1 acre 36,865 square feet; highly improved) :
At the intersection of Pennsylvania and New Hampshire avenues and K
amd Twenty-thini streets northwest. These grounds are in a highly
improved condition, and are encircled by a granite curbing; gravel or
asphalt walks on convenient Hues of travel are in good condition : gas
lamps around and through the park ; lawn surfaces planted with cnoice
evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs and interspersed with liower
beds for summer doeoratlvo planting of flowering and foliage plants ;
there is a watchman's lodge in this park and two drinking fountains.
This is the site of the equestrian statue of Gen. Washington, by Clark
Milhi.
No. 27. Trapezoid (area^ 2,232 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Twenty-second and Twenty-third streets west and at the inter-
section of Pennsylvania avenue and K street north. Inclosed with a
post-and-ehain fence, lawn surface graded, and water introduced.
No. 28- Trapezoid (area, 17,688 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets west and at the intersection
of Pennsylvania avenue and I street north. Inclosed with post-and-
chain fenee: improved and planted with choice evergreen and deciduous
trees and shrubs; gas lamps around park; drinking fountain at the
eastern end, and a rose-jet fountain in the center of the park ; gravel
walks are laid diagonally through tlie park ; one iron flower vase near
the east end of the grounds.
3300 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Ifo. 29. Trapezoid (area, 14,338 square feet; highly improved):
Between Twentieth and Twenty -lirst streets west and at the intersection
of Pennsylvania avenue and I street north. Inclosed with a post-and-
chain fence ; planted in part with deciduous trees and shmbs ; lawn
graded, soiled, and in grass, and a large bed of summer flo\yeiing plants
in the center of the gromnds.
No. 30. Triangle (area, 18,511 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets west aftd at the intersection of
Pennsylvania avenue and H street north. Inclosed with a post-and-chain
fence ; planted with deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs ; there ia
a rustic fountain with rose jet in the center; gas lamps around, and con-
crete walks through the park ; a flower bed is constructed in the park.
No. 31. Triangle (area, 14,749 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth, streets west and at the intersection
of Pennsylvania avenue and H street north. Inclosed with post-and-
chain fence; planted with decidnous and evergreen trees and shrubs, and
with two flower beds.
No. 32. Trapezoid (area, 16,270 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Thirteen-and-a-half and Fourteenth streets west and at the inter-
section of Pennsylvania avenue and E street north. These gronnds are
graded and in grass, and partly planted with deciduous trees and water
introduced ; it is anticipated that they will be highly improved at an
earl^ day.
No. 33. Trapezoid (area, 21,012 square feet; highly improved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets west and Pennsylvania avenue
and E street north. The surface of this space was raised several feet in
the center and regraded and soiled; asphalt walks on lines of travel and
a triangular fountain basin, capped with an ornamental coping of Euclid,
Ohio, £:e8sed stone, were constructed: lawn planted with ornamental
evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs ; onelarge iron flower vaso has
been placed in position, and irrigating water introduced; a low granite
curbing surrounds the reservation.
The commission created by act of Congress approved March 2, 1889 (25
Stats., p. 971). has selected this space for the statue of the late Gen.
Philip H. Sheridan.
No. 34. Trapezoid (area, 7,678 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Ninth and Tenth street-s west and at the intersection of Pennsyl-
vania avenue and Ninth street. Inclosed with post-and-pipe-rail fence 7
ornamental cast-iron fountain in the center; Portl a nd«cement pavement
around and through the park.
No. 35. Triangle (area, 5,529 square feet; highly improved):
Between Eighth and Ninth streets west and at the intersection of Penn-
sylvania and Louisiana avenues. The bronze statue of Gen. John A.
Rawlins, by A. Bailey, is now located in this park. Inclosed with post-
and-pipe-rail fence; lawn planted with deciduous trees of large growth ;
water introduced, and asphalt walks through park.
No. 36. Trapezoid (area, 15,138 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Seventh and Eighth streets west and at the intersection of Penn-
sylvania and Louisiana avenues and C street north. The surface of this
space was raised several feet in the center, and regraded and resoiled,
and gravel walks constructed ; lawn surfaces wore planted with orna-
mental evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs ; two large ornamental
iron flower vases are placed at intersections of walks, and irrigating
water introduced; a granite curb surrounds the reservation.
The commission created by act of Congress approved March 2, 1889 (25
Stats., p. 972), has selected this space for the statue of the late Gen.
Winfleld Scott Hancock.
No. 37. Triangle (area, 5,180 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Second and Third streets east and at the intersection of Penn.
sylvan ia avenue and B street south. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence
lawn surface arranged, a flower bed in the center, and water intro-
duced.
No. 38. Triangle (area, 13,360 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Fourth and Fifth streets east and at the intersection of Pennsyl-
vania and North Carolina avenues. Inclosed with post-and-pipe-rail
fence; lawn surface arranged with a flower bed in the center; planted
in part with a few shrubs and trees, and water introduced.
No. 39. Trapezoid (area, 12,100 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Fourth and Fifth streets east ana at the intersection of Penn-
sylvania and North Carolina avenues. Inclosed with post-and-pipe-rail
fence ; lawn surface arranged with a flower bed in the center and planted
in part, and water introduced.
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3301
No. 40. Triauglo (area, 3,685 sqnnro feet; highly improved):
Between Fourth aucl Fifth streets east and at tho intersection of Penn-
sylvania and North Carolina avennes. Inclosed with post-aud-pipe-rail
fence; lawn surface arranged with flower bed in the center and planted
in party and water introduced.
No- 41. Trapezoid (area, 3,933 square^feet; highly improved):
Between Fifth and Sixth streets east and at the intersection of Pennsyl-
vania and North Carolina avennes. Inclosed with a post-and-pipe-rail
fence; planted in part; lawn surface arranged with flower bed in the
center, and water introduced.
No. 42. Triangle (area, 11,070 sqnare feet; highly improved) :
Between Fifth and Sixth streets east and at the intersection of Pennsyl-
vania and North Carolina avenues. Inclosed with a post-and-pipe-rail
feuce ; lawn surface arranged with a flower bed in the center ; planted
in part, and water introduced.
No. 43. Triangle (area, 13,855 square feet; highly improved):
Between Fifth and Sixth streets east and at the intersection of Pennsyl-
vania and North Carolina avenues. Inclosed with a post-and-pipe-rail
fence ; lawn surfaee arranged with flower bed in the center, a few shrubs
planted, and water introduced.
No. 44- Triangle (area, 14,960 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Seventh and Eighth streets east and at the intersection of Penn-
sylvania and South Carolina avennes. Inclosed with a post-and-pipe-
rail fence; lawn surface arranged with a flower bed in center; a few
shrubs and trees iilanted; water introduced.
No. 45. Triangle (area, 13,030 square feet; highly itnproved):
Between Seventh and Eighth streets east and at the intersection of Penn-
S3'Ivania and South Carolina avenues and D street south. Inclosed with
post-and-pipe-rail fence; lawn surface arranged with a flower bed in the
center; water introduced, and partly planted.
Ko. 46. Triauglo (area, 1,450 square feet; highly improved:)
Between Seventh and Eighth streets east and at the intersection of Penn-
sylvania avenue and D street south. Inclosed with post-aud-pipe-rail
fence ; lawn surface arranged.
No- 47. Triangle (area, 1,100 square feet; partially improved) :
lietween Eighth and Ninth streets cast and at tho intersection of Pennsyl-
vania and South Carolina avenues and D street south. Graded and in
grass.
No. 48. Triangle (area, 11,440 square feet; highly improved):
Between Eighth and Ninth streets east and at the intersection of Pennsyl-
vania avenue and D street south. Inclosed with post-and-chaiu fence;
lawn surface arranged with flower bed in the center; a few shrubs
planted, and water introduced.
No 49. Triangle (area, 16,019 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Eighth and Ninth streets east and at tho intersection of Penn-
sylvania and South Carolina avenues. Lawn surface arranged, sown
with grass seed, and water introduced; inclosed with a post-and-chain
fence, and a flower bed and shrubs planted.
No. 50. Triangle (area, 4,618 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Tenth and Eleventh streets east and at tho intersection of Penn-
sylvania avenue and E street south. Lawn surface arranged, sown
with grass seed, and water introduced; inclosed with post-and-chaiu
fence, and a flower bed in the center.
Xo- 51. Triangle (area, 7,456 square feet; highly improved):
Between Eleventh and Twelfth streets cast and at the intersection of
Pennsylvania avenue and E street south; inclosed with post-and-chain
fence ; lawn surface arranged and in grass.
No- ^^' Trapezoid (area, 10,962 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Pennsylvania avenue and G street south.
No. 53. Triangle (area, 6,800 square feet; unimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Pennsylvania avenue and G street south.
Ko. r»-4. Kectangle (area, 1 a ere 4, 788 square feet; unimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Fifteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Pennsylvania and Georgia avenues south.
No. 55. Segment of circle (area, 1 acre 13,165 square feet; unimproved) .
At the junction of Pennsylvania avenue with the Eastern Branch bridge
and on the south side of that avenue.
3302 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
No. 56. Segment of circle (area, 2 acres 11,080 square feet; unimproved) :
At the junction of Pennsylyania avenue with the Eaatern Branch bridge
and on the north side of the avenue.
No. 57. Triangle (area, 2,435 square feet; partially improved; -
Between Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets west and at the intersec-
tion of Massachusetts avenue and Q street north. Lawn surface
arranged and sodded.
No. 58. Triangle (area, 3,177 square feet; highly improved)*
Between Twenty -first and Twenty-second streets west and at the intersec-
tion of Massachusetts avenue and Q street north. Inelosed with post-
and-chaiu fence; planted with deciduous trees and shrubs; a large War-
wick iron vase placed in t^e center, and water introduced.
No. 59. Trapezoid (area^ 8,363 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Nineteenth and Twentieth streets west and at the intersection of
Massachusetts avenue and P street north. Inclosed with post-aud-chain
fence ; graded, sodded, an ornamental fountain placed in the center, and
water introduced.
No. 60. Dupont Circle (area, 2 acres 2,722 square feet ; highly improved) :
Between Eighteenth and Twentieth streets west and at the intersection of
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire avenues. The pedes-
tal and statue of Rear-Admiral Dupont, by Mr. Launt Thompson, is
located in the center of this park. These grounds have been improved,
and planted with a choice collection of dwarf ornamental flowering
trees and shrubs ; a number of evergreen and deciduoua/trees of large
growth have also been planted. Inelosed with post-and-chain fence;
gas lamps through the circle ; two drinking fountains at intersection of
walks ; lawn surface interspersed with flower beds ; water mtrodaced,
and asphalt walks laid on direct lines of travel through the circle.
No. 61. Trapezoid (area, 2,200 square feet; unimproved):
Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets west, and at the intersection
of Massachusetts avenue and P street north.
No. 62. Trapezoid (area, 13,964 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets west and at the intersection
of Massachusetts and Rhode Island avenues. Inelosed with post-and-
chain fence ; lawn surface, planted mainly with specimen dwarf trees
and assorted varieties of flowering shrubh; flower bed in the center,
and water introduced.
No. 63. Scott Circle (area, 7,854 square feet; highly improved):
At the intersection of Massachusetts and Rhode Island avenues and Six-
teenth street west. This circle is the site of the bronze statue of
Gen. Winfield Scott, by Henry K. Brown. Improved and planted;
flower beds laid out on the lawn surface and at the base of the statue ;
fas lamps aud flagstone pavement around the circle, and water intro-
uced.
No. 64. Trapezoid (area, 13,725 square feet; highly improved):
Between Fifteenth and Sixteentn streets west and at the intersection of
Massachusetts and Rhode Island avenues north. Inclose<l with post-
and-chain fence ; lawn surface planted with dwarf ornamental ever-
green and deciduous trees and flowering shrubs: flower bed in the
center; gas lamps and stone pavement around tne park, and water
introduced.
No. 65. Trapezoid (area, 3,190 square feet; highly improved):
Between Fourteenth aud Fifteenth streets west and at the intersection of
Mojfisachusetts avenue and M street north. Inclosed with a light iron
railing ; improved and partly planted.
No. 66, Thomai Circle (area, 28, 352 square feet; highly improved):
At intersection of Massachusetts and Vermont avenues and Fourteenth
street west. This circle is the site of the bronze equestrian statue of
Gen. George H. Thomas, by J. Q. A. Ward. The grounds are improved;
flower beds laid out in the lawn surface; gas lamps around the circle;
a flagstone pavement also surrounds the circle, and water has been
introduced.
No. 67. Trapezoid (area, 3,560 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets west and at the intersection
of Massachusetts avenue and M street north. Inclosed with wooden-
post and pipe- rail fence, graded and sodded, and planted in part.
No. 68. Trapezoid (area, 16,819 square feet; highly improved):
Between Eleventh and Twelfth streets west and at the intersection of
Massachusetts avenue and L street north. Inclosed with post-and-
chain fence ; planted with evergreen aud deciduous trees and shrubs.
APPENDIX C C C PUBUC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3303
mainly of dwarf growth ; asphalt walks are laid on direct lines of
travel ; Ho wer he& laid ont at intersections of walks ; gas lamps are
aronnd the park and a drinkiDg fountain located at its eastern end;
two large ornamental fkkweir vases are placed in suitable po§itionSy and
water has been introdnced.
No. 69. Trapezoid (area^. 17,686 square feet; highly improved) :
E^ween Tenth and Eleventh streets west and at the intersection of Mas-
sachusetts avena« and L streets north. Inclosed and improved in a
similar manner to No. 68 (the reservation before described )^ and situated
just opposite and having one lar^ ornamental flower vase.
No. 70. Trapezoid (area, 6,794 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Ninth and Tenth streets west and at the intersection of Massa-
chusetts and New York avenoes and K street north. Inclosed with
iron railings and planted with trees and flowering shrubs.
Ko. 71. Trapezfud (area, 5,812 square feet; highly improved) :
At the intersection of Massachusetts avenue, Seventh street west, and K
street north. Inclosed with post-and-ehain fence; flower bed in the
center of lawn surface and water introduced ; gas lamps and flagstone
pavement around the park.
No. 72. Trapezoid (area, 18,000 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Fifth and Sixth streets west and at the intersection of Massa-
chusetts avenue and I street north. Inclosed with post-aad-chain fence ;
planted mainly with low-growing, ornamental trees and shrubs; two
nower beds laid out and water introduced.
No. 7^. Triangle (area, 625 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Fourth and Fifth streets west and at tho intersection of Massa-
chusetts avenue and I street north. Graded and in grass.
No. 74. Trapezoid (area, 10,887 square feet; highly improved) :
At the intersection of Massachusetts avenue and I street north and Fifth
street west. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence ; gravel walks in direct
lines of travel; planted mainly with low-growing trees and shrubs and
water introduced.
No. 75. Triangle (area, 5,400 square feet; highly improved) :
At the intersection of Massachusetts avenue and H street north and
between Third and Fourth streets west. Inclosed with post-and-pipe-
rail fence ; graded and sown in grass ; water introduced and planted in
part.
No. 76. Triangle (area, 7,320 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Third and Fourth streets west and at the intersection of Massa-
chusetts avenue and H street north. Water introduced and planted in
part; inclosed with i>o6t-and-pipe-rail fence; graded and sown in grass.
Ko. 77. Circle (area, 15,393 square feet; partially improved) :
Between North Capitol and First streets west and at the intersection of
Massachusetts and New Jersey avenues. Graded and in grass; water
introduced ; inclosed with post-and-chain fence, and planted in part.
Xo. 78. Triangle (area, 4,725 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Nortii Capitol and First streets west and at the intersection of
Massachusetts avenue and. F street north.
No. 79. Triangle (area, 1,206 square feet; unimproved) :
Between North Capitol and First streets east and at the intersection of
Massachusetts avenue and F street north.
No. 80. Triangle (area, 1,205 square feet; partially improved) :
At the intersection of Massachusetts and Delaware avenues and First
street east. Graded and sown in grass.
No. 81. Triangle (area, 4,062 square feet; unimproved) :
Between First and Second streets east and at the intersection of Massa-
chusetts avenue and £ street north.
No. 82. Triangle (area, 4,418 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Second and Third streets east and at the intersection ^f Massa-
chusetts avenue and D street north. Graded and in grass, and partially
planted.
No. 83. Trapezoid (area, 4,9^15 square feet; partially improved) :
At the intersection of Massachusetts avenue, D street north, and Third
street east. Graded and sodded and in grass.
No. 84. Trapezoid (area, 9,594 square feet; highly improved):
Bietween Sixth and Seventh streets ea^ and at tbe intersection of Massa-
chusetts avenue and B street north. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence,
graded and in grass, and water introduced and flower bed in center of
space.
3304 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMV.
No. 85, Trapezoid (area, 8.506 square feet; unimproved):
Between Eiglita and Ninth streets cast and at the intersection of Massa-
chusetts avenue and'B street north.
No. 86. TraJ^ezoid (area, 8,007 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Eighth and Ninth streets oast and at the intersection of Massa-
chusetts avenue and A street north. Graded and seeded in grass, flower
bed in center, water introduced, and inclosed with post-and-chain fence.
No. 87. Triangle (area, 960 square feet; partially improved):
Between Ninth and Tenth streets east and at the intersection of Massa-
chusetts avenue and A street north. Graded and in grass.
No. 88. Triangle (area, 10,042 square feet; unimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection
of Massachusetts avenue and A street south.
No. 89. Trapezoid (area, 8,505 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection
of Massachusetts avenue and B street south.
No. 90. Triangle (area, 10,011 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets east and at the junction of
Massachusetts and South Carolina avenues southeast.
No. 91. Triangle (area, 7,654 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets east and at the intersection
of Massachusetts avenue and B street south.
No. 92. Triangle (area, 18,354 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets east and nt 4ho intersection
of Massachusetts avenue and C street south.
No. 93. Triangle (area, 11,178 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Massachusetts avenue and C street south.
No. 94. Triangle (area, 1,574 square feet : unimproved) :
Between Twenty-seventh and Twenty -eighth streets west and at the inter-
section of Virginia avenue and I street north.
No. 95. Triangle (area, 787 square feet; unimproved):
Between H and I streets north and at the intersection of Virginia avenue
and Twenty-seventh street west.
No. 96. Triangle (area, 1,750 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh streets west and at the inter-
section of Virginia avenue and H street north.
No. 97. Triangle (Urea, 1,875 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twenty-fifth and Twenty -sixth streets west and at the intersec-
tion of Virginia avenue and H street north.
No. 98. Triangle (area, 8,640 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twenty-fourth and Twenty -fifth streets west and at the inter-
section of Virginia avenue and G street north.
No. 99. Triangle (area, 4,897 square feet ; unimproved) :
Between Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth streets west and at the inter-
section of Virginia avenue and G street north.
No. 100. Triangle (area, 6,164 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twenty- third and Twenty-fourth streets west and at the inter-
section of Virginia avenue and F street north.
No. 101. Trapezoid (area, 2,394 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twenty -second and Twenty-tbird streets west and at the inter-
section of Virginia avenue and F street north.
No. 102. Triangle (area, 4,234 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets west and at the inter-
section of Virginia avenue and E street north.
No. 103. Triangle (area, 1,342 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets west and at the inter-
im section of Virginia avenue and E street north.
No. 104. Triangle (area, 1,450 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets west and at the inter-
section of Virginia avenue and D street north.
No. 105. Triangle (area, 11,096 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets west and at the intersection
of Virginia and New York avenues.
No. 106. Triangle (area, 11,467 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets west and at the intersection
of Virginia and New York avenues.
No. 107. Triangle(area, 1,950 square feet; unimproved):
Between Nineteenth and Twentieth streets west and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and D street north.
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3305
No. 108. Triangle (area, 1,323 square feet; uulmproTed) :
Between Nineteenth and Twentieth streets west and at the intersection
of Virginia avenno and C street north.
No. 109. Triangle (area, 1,180 square feet; unimprored):
Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets west and at the intersection
of Virginia avenue and C street north.
No. 110. Triangle (area, 7,250 square feet; unimproved):
Between Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets west and at the intersection
of Virginia avenue and B street north.
No. 111. Trapezoid (area, 10,237 square feet ; highly improved) :
Between Eleventh and Twelfth streets west and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue andBstreet south. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence;
planted with evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs and water
introduced.
No. 112. Trapezoid (area, 8,695 square feet; unimproved):
Between Ninth and Tenth streets west and at the intersection of Vir-
ginia avenue and C street north.
No. 113. Rectangle (area, 2 acres 11,376 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Seventh and Ninth streets west and at the intersection of Mary-
land and Virginia avenues. The tracks of the Baltimore and Potomac
Railroad intersect this space, occupying about one-half of it, and, it is
believed, in violation of law. The other half is inclosed with a post-
and-chain fence, roughly graded, and sown in grass.
No. 114. Trapezoid (area, 10,428 square feet ; unimproved):
Between Sixth and Seventh streets west and at the intersection of Vir-
ginia avenue and C street south.
No. 115. Trapezoid (area, 8,075 square feet; unimproved):
Between Sixth and Seventh streets west and at the .intersection of Vir-
ginia avenue and D street south.
No. 116. Triangle (area, 4, 625 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Four-and-a-haJf and Sixth streets west and at the intersection
of Virginia avenue and D street south. Inclosed with post-and-pipe-rail
fence and partly planted ; a flower bed in center.
No. 117. Triangle (area, 16,775 square feet; unimproved):
Between Four-and-a-half and Sixth streets west and at the intersection
of Virginia avenue and D street south.
No. 118. Trapezoid (area, 14,414 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Second and Third streets west and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and £ street south.
No. 119. Triangle (area, 405 square feet; unimproved):
Between First and Second streets west and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and E street south.
Ko. 120. Trapezoid (area, 4,032 square feet; unimproved) :
Between First street west and Delaware avenue and at the intersection
of Virginia avenue and E street south.
No. 121. Triangle (area, 2,580 square feet; unimproved):
Between South Capitol and Half streets west and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and F street south. (The railroad side track into
Marlow's coal yard passes through the center of this park by authority
of act of Congress approved January 19, 1891.)
No. 122. Trapezoid (area, 15,916 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fourth and Fifth streets east and at the intersection of Vir-
ginia avenue and 1 street south.
No. 123. Triangle (area, 16,183 square feet; unimproved):
Between Sixth and Seventh streets east and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and I street south.
No. 124. Trapezoid (area, 9,828 square feet; unimproved):
Between Sixth and Seventh streets east and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and K Btrcot south.
No. 125. Trapezoid (area, 18,054 square feet; unimproved):
Between Eighth and Ninth streets east and at the intersection of Vir-
ginia avenue and K street south. (A public schoolhouse has been
erected on this park ; occupiod,it is believed, without authority of law.)
No- 126. Rectangle (area, 1 acre 43,321 square feet; unimproved):
Between Ninth and Eleventh streets east and at the intersection of Vir-
ginia and Georgia avenues south.
No. 127. Trapezoid (area, 25,972 square feet; unimproved):
Between Eleventh and Twelfth streets east and at the intersection of Vir-
ginia avenue and L street south. Intersected longitudinally by the
tracks of the Baltimore and Potomac Railway, it is believed, in violation
of law.
3306 B£PQBT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ABMY
No. 128. Triangle (area, 7,272 squaro feet; unimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and M street south.
No. 129. Triangle (area, 15,225 square feet;' nnimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and M street south.
No. 130. Triangle (area, 3,932 square feet; unimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Virginia avenue and Water street southeast.
No. 131. Triangle (area, 1,298 so uare feet; unimproved):
Between Twenty sixth and Twenty -seventh streets west and at the inter-
section of New Hampshire avenue and £ street north.
No. 132. Triangle (area, 1,268 so uare feet; unimproved):
Between Twenty-sixth and Twenty -seventh streets west and at the inter-
section of New Hampshire avenue and F street north.
No. 133. Triangle (area, 8,816 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets west and at the intersec-
tion of New Hampshire avenue and G street north.
No. 134. Triangle (area, 9,426 square feet; uuioiproved) :
Between Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets west and at the intersec-
tion of New Hampshire and Virginia avenues.
No. 135. Triangle (area, 1,014 square feet ; unimproved):
Between Twenty-fourth and Twenty-hfth streets west and at the inter-
section of New Hampshire avenue and H street north.
No. 136. Triangle (area, 630 Equare feet ; unimproved) :
Between Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fiAh streets west and at the inter-
section of New Hampshire avenue and I street north.
No. 137. Triangle (area, 1,750 square feet; unimproved) :
Between 1 and K streets north and at the intersection of New Hampshire
avenue and Twenty-fourth street west. Inclosed with a cast-iron rail-
ing fence and attached to St. Ann's Infant Asylum, it is believed in vio-
lation of law.
No. 138. Triangle (area, 2,200 square feet; partially improved):
Between K and L streets north and at the intersection of New Hampshire
avenue and Twenty-second street west. Inclosed with a wire fence and
in grass by owner of adjoining house, it is believed in violation of law.
No. 139. Triangle (area, 1,995 square feet; unimproved):
Between L and M streets north and at the intersection of New Hampshire
avenue and Twenty-second street west.
No. 140. Triangle (area, 6,995 square feet; ]>artially improved):
Between Twenty-first and Twenty -second streets west and at tbo inter-
section of New Hampshire avenue and M street north. Graded and in
grass.
No. 141. Triangle (area, 1,536 square feet; unimproved):
Between M and N streets north and at the intersection of New Hampshire
avenue and Twenty-first street west. Inclosed with an iron railing by
owner of adjoining house, it is believed in violation of law.
No. 142. Triangle (area, 1,987 equare feet; partially improved):
Between N and O streets north and at the intersection of New Hampshire
avenue and Twentieth street west. Graded and in grass.
No. 143. Triangle (area, 988 sqnare feet; unimproved):
Between Nineteenth and Twentieth streets west and at the intersection
of New Hampshire avenue and O street north.
No. 144. Triangle (area, 12,264 square feet; highly improved):
Between Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets west and at the intersection
of New Hampshire avenue and S street north. Graded, gravel walks
constructed, trees and shrnbs planted, and water introduced.
No. 145. Triangle (area, 3.838 square feet; highly improved):
Between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets west and at the intersection
of New Hampshire avenue and T street north. Graded, sown in grass,
planted with trees and shrubs, and water intro<luced.
No. 146. Triangle (area, 5,400 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets west and at the intersection
of New Hampshire avenue and U street north.
No. 147. Triangle (area, 3,700 square feet; uuimprove<l) :
Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets west and at the intersection of
New Hampshire avenue and Sixteenth street west.
No. 148. Triangle (area, 4,120 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets west and at the interscctioo
of New Hampshire avenue and Fifteenth street west.
f
APPENDIX C C O — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. S307
No. 149. Triangle (area, 7,470 sqnare feet ; highly improved);
Between Nineteenth and Twentieth streets west and at the intersection
of Connecticat avenue and Q street north. Graded and sown with grass
seed, planted with evergreen and deeiduoas trees and shrubs, two flower
beds constructed, and water introduced.
No. 150. Triangle (area, 6,435 square feet ; highly improved):
Between Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets west and at the intersection
of Connecticut avenue and M street north. Inclosed with post-and-chain
fence; planted in part with evergreen and deciduous trees and shruba;
a flower bed in the center and* water introduced.
No, 151. Triangle (area, 3,0^ square feet; highly improved) :
Between Seventeenth street and Connecticut avenue and at the intersec-
tion of Rhode Island avenue and M street north. Inclosed with post-
and-chain fence, lawn graded and in grass, and planted with deciduous
trees and shrubs.
No, 152. Trapezoid (area, 1,940 square feet; partially improved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets west and at the intersection
of Rhode Island avenue and P street north. Inclosed by owner of adj oin-
ing house, it is believed in violation of law.
No. 153. Jowa Circle (area, 2 ncres 2,087 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Twelfth and Fourteenth streets west and at the intersection of
Vermont and Rhode Island avenuea. Gas lamps through the circle:
lawn surfaces planted with a choice collection of evergreen trees and
shrubs. Asphalt walks are laid through the park. A large rose-jet
fountain adorns the center, the coping and basin of which are made of
artificial stone composed of Portland cement; two drinking fountains
and four iron flower vases are placed at the intersections of walks, and
there is a flower border around the main fountain, and water introduced.
The commission created by act of Congress May 2, 1889 (25 Stats., x^* dl)»
has selected this circle for the statue of Gen. John A. Logan.
Ko. 154. Triangle (area, 11,930 square feet: highly improved) :
Between Twelfth and Thirteentli s£«ets west and at the intersection of
Rhode Island avenue and P street -north. Inclosed with post-and-chaiu
fence; planted with dwarf evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs;
water has been introduced.
No. 155. Trapezoid (area, 1,856 square feet; unimproved):
Between P and Q streets north and at the intersection of Rhode Island
avenue and Tenth street west.
No. 156. Triangle (area, 868 square feet ; highly improved):
Between Ninth and Tenth streets west and at the intersection of Rhode
Island avenue and Q street north. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence
and planted with flowering shrubs.
Ko. 157. Triangle (area, 9,185 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Ninth and Tenth streets west and at the intersection of Rhode
Island avenue and Q street north. Inclosecl with post-and-chain fence,
planted with evergreen and deciduous dwarf-growing trees and flower-
ing shrubs, and water introduced.
No. 158. Triangle (area, 687 square feet; highly improved):
Between Sixth and Seventh streets west and at the intersection of Rhode
Island avenue and R street north . Planted with deciduous trees, inclosed
with post-and-chain fence, a flower bed in the center, and water intro-
duced.
Ko. 159. Triangle (area, 6,630 square feet ; unimproved):
Between Sixth and Seventh streets west and at the intersection of Rhode
Island avenue and R street north.
Ko. 160. Triangle (area, 2,530 square feet; partially improved):
Between Fourth and Fifth streets west and at the intersection of Rhode
Island and New Jersey avenues and S street north. Roughly graded,
in grass, and planted with deciduous trees.
No. 161. Trapezoid (area, 960 square feet; partially improved) :
Between L and M streets north and at the intersection of Vermont avenue
and Fourteenth street west. Inclosed with an ornamental light wrought-
iron railing ; graded and in grass.
Ko. 162. Trapezoid (area, 960 square feet: partially improved) :
Between M and N streets nortn and at the intersection of Vermont avenue
and Fourteenth street west, at front of Martin Luther statue. Inclosed
with post-and-pipe-rail fence; graded and in grass.
No. 163. Trapezoid (area, 7,700 square feet ; nighly improved) :
Between O and P streets north and at the intersection of Vermont avenue
and Thirteenth street west. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence, planted
with low-growing evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, and water
has been introduced.
3308 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
No. 164. Trapezoid (area, 1,700 squaro feet; p.artially improved) :
Between P and Q streets north and at the intersection of Vermont avenue
and Thirteenth Btreet west. Inclosed with an iron railing, /graded and
in grass by owner of adjoining house, it is believed in violatioi^ of law.
No. 165. Triangle (area, 2,467 squaro feet; partially improved) :
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets west and at the intersection of
Vermont avenue and R street north. Roughly graded; inclosed with a
wooden fence. '
No. 166. Trapezoid (area, 3,150 square feet; partially improved) :
Between R and S streets west 'ana at the intersection of Vermont avenue
and Twelfth street west. Roughly graded arid in grass.
No. 167. Triangle (area, 3,300 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Eleventh and Twelfth streets west and at the intersection of
Vermont avenne and S street north. Roughly graded and in grass
No. 168. Triangle (area, 4,087 squaro feet; partially improved) :
Between Tenth and Eleventh streets west and at the intersection of Ver-
mont avenue and Eleventh street west : roughly graded and in grass.
No. 169. Trapezoid (area, 3,015 square feet; partially improved) :
Between S and T streets north and at the intersection of Vermont avenne
and Tenth street west. Inclosed with an iron railing, and in grass, by
owner of adjoining house; it is believed in violation of law.
No. 170. Triangle (area, 11,695 square feet; partially improved):
Between Ninth and Tenth streets west and T and U streets north and at
the intersection of Vermont avenne and Tenth street west. Inclosed
with post-and-chain fence, grffded, and in grass.
No. 171. Triangle (area, 8,170 square leet; unimproved):
Between Twenty-second and Twenty-third streets west and at the inter-
section of New York avenue and C street north.
No. 172. Trapezoid (area, 3,967 square feet; highly imi>roved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets west njid at the intersection of
New York avenue and H street north. Inclosed with post-and-chain
fence, planted in part with deciduous trees and flowering snrubs, a flower
be<l in the center, and water introduced.
No. 173. Trapezoid (area, 12,840 squaro feet; highly improved) :
Between Eleventh and Twelfth streets west and at the intersection of New
York avenue and I street north. Inclosed with a post-and-chain fence;
lawn surface planted with low-growing evergreen and deciduous trees
and flowering shrubs, a flower bed in center, and water introduced.
No. 174. Trapezoid (area, 13,482 square feet; highly improved):
Between Tenth and Eleventh streets west and at the intersection of Now
York avenue and I street north. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence:
planted with evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs ; a flower bed
and a terr.i-cotta fountain basin (carved Parin stone center piece and
umbrella jet) are located in this park.
No. 175. Trapezoid (area, 5,450 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Ninth and Tenth streets west and at the intersection of New
York avenue and K street north. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence ;
planted with low-growing deciduous trees and shrubs, a flower bed in
the center of the lawn, and water introduced.
No. 176. Trapezoid (area, 5,960 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Sixth and Seventh streets west and at the intersection of New
York avenue and K street north. luclosed with post-and-chain fence;
planted with evergreen and deciduous dwarf trees and flowering shrubs;
a flower bed in the center and water introduced.
No. 177. Trapezoid (area, 540 squaro feet; partially improved):
Between Fifth and Sixth streets west and at the intersection-of New York
avenue and L street north; rough graded and partly planted.
No. 178. Trapezoid (area, 7,181 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fourth and Fifth streets west and at the intersection of New
York avenue and L street north.
No. 179. Trapezoid (area, 9,064 squaro feet; highly improved):
Between Third and l?ourth streets west and at the intersection of New
York and New Jersey avenues and M street north. Inclosed with a light
iron railing; planted with de^duous trees and shrubs; a fountain with
Richmond granite coping is in the center.
No. 180. Triangle (area, 620 square feet; partially improved) :
At the intersection of New Jersey and New York avenues ami M street
north. Graded only.
I
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3309
No. 181. TriaDglo (area, 22,152 sqnaro feet; highly improved) :
Between First and Second streets west and at the intersection of New
York avenue and M street north. Inclosed with a post-and-chaiu fence ;
lawn in grass, and partly planted with trees and shruhs, and water
introduced.
No. 182. Triangle (area, 4,712 feet; unimproved):
Between First street west and North Capitol street and at the intersection
of New York avenue and N street north.
No. 183. Triangle (area, 4,712 square feet; unimproved):
Between First street cast and North Capitol street and at the intersec-
tion of New York avenue andN street north.
No. 184. Triangle (area, 7,618 square feet; unimproved):
h Between North Capitol and First streets east and at the intersection of
New York avenue and O street north.
No. 185. Triangle (area, 7,618 square feet; unimproved):
Between First and Second streets east and at the junction of New York
and Florida avenues and O street north.
Ko. 186. Triangle (area, 7,272 square feet; unimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Thirteen-and-a-half streets west and at the inter-
section of Ohio avenue and C street north. Bethany Chapel was huilt
on this reservation over eighteen years ago ; occuiiied, it was helieved,
without authority of law.
No. 187. Triangle (area, 4,028 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Fifth and Sixth streets west and at the intersection of Loui-
siana avenue and D street north ; graded and partly planted.
No. 188. Triangle (area, 3,718 square feet; highly improved) :
Between Third and Fourth streets west and at the intersection of Indiana
avenue and D street north. Graded and planted with deciduous trees
and shruhs. Inclosed with post-aud- chain fence and water introduced.
No. 189. Triangle (area, 2,296 square feet; unimproved):
Between First and Second streets west and at the intersection of Indiana
avenue aud C street north.
No. 190. Triangle (area, 6,450 square feet; nnimproved) :
Between P and Q streets north and at the intersection of New Jersey ave-
nne and Fourth street west.
No. 191. Trapezoid (area, 5,735 square feet; unimproved):
Between Third and Fourth streets west and at the intersection of New
Jersey avenue and O street north.
No. 192. Trapezoid (area, 8,550 square feet; unimproved):
Between Third and Fourth streets west and at the intersection of Now
Jersey avenue and N street north.
No. 193. Triangle (area, 9,386 square feet; highly improved) :
At the intersection of New Jersey avenue and I street north and Second
street west. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence; planted with over-
green and deciduous low-growing trees and shruhs, and water introduced.
No. 194. Trapezoid (area, 5,725 square feet; highly improved) :
Between H and I streets north and at the intersection of New Jersey ave-
nue and I street and Second street west. Inclosed with post-and-chain
fence; walks aud flower heds laid out; evergreen and deciduous trees
and shruhs planted, and water introduced.
No. 195. Trapezoid (area^ 12,572 square feet; partially improved):
Between G and H streets north and at the intersection of New Jersey ave-
nue aud First street west. Graded, sown in grass, and partly planted.
No. 106. Trapezoid (area, 5,170 square feet; partially improved):
Between E and F streets north and at the intersection of New Jersey ave-
nue and First street west. Graded, sown in grass, and partly planted.
No. 197. Trapezoid (area, 4,402 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets west and at the intersection of
Maryland avenue and D street south. Now occupied hy the Baltimore
and Potomac Kailroad, it is helieved in violation of law.
No. 198. Trapezoid (area, 5,029 square feet; unimproved):
Between Ninth and Tenth streets west and at the intersection of Mary-
land avenue and D street south. This reservation is occupied hy the
Baltimore and Potomac Bailroad tracks, by authority of act of Con-
gress approved January 19, 1891.
No. 199. Trapezoid (area, 4,132 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Ninth and Tenth streets west and at the intersection of Mary-
land avenue and C street south.
No. 200. Trapezoid (area, 10,098 square feet; unimproved):
Between Sixth and Seventh streets west and at the intersection of Mary-
land avenue and C street south.
REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ASMY.
No. 201. Trianglo (are% 22,095 aqunre feet; nnimproved) :
Between Thizd and Four-and-a-half streets west and at the intersection of
Maryland avenue, B and Canal stceets soath.
No. 202. Garfield Circle (area, 6,361 square feet; highly improred) :
At the junction of Maryland avenue with First street southwest. The
statue of James A. Garfield, late President of the United States, haaheen
erected in this circle. The .pedestal was erected by the United States
and the statue by the Army of the Cumberland; lawns are divided by
granolithic foot paths and water intEoduced^
No. 203. Triangle (area, 10,296 square feet;, highly improved) :
Between First aud Second streets eaat and at the intersection of Maryland
avenue and A street norths Inclosed with pcat-and-chain fence ; Raveled
walks have been laid out and the laivnfi planted with low^-gr&wing trees
and flowering shrubs ; a flower bed in the center and water introduced.
No. 204. Triangle (area, 7,820 square feet; highly improved) :
Between First and Second streets east and at the intersection of Maryland
avenue and B street north. Inclosed witii po»t-and- chain £ance ; graded,
sodded, and partly planted ; llo-wer bed in eenter and water introduced.
No. 205. Triangle (area, 12,152 square fleet ;^ highly improved) :
Between Second and Third streets east and at the intersection of Maryland
avenue and B street north. IncLoaed with post and chain fence ; graded,
sodded, aud partly planted ; a flower bed in the eenter and water intro-
duced.
No. 206. Triangle (area, 4,^60 square feet ; unimproved):
Between Sixth and Seventh streets east and at the interseetiou of Mary-
land avenue and D street north.
No. 207. Trapezoid (area, 3,213 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Seventh and Eighth streets east and at the intersection of Mary-
land avenue and D street north.
No. 208. Trapezoid (area, 3,720 squiue feet; unimproved):
Between Eighth and Ninth streets east and at the intersection of Maryland
avenue Und £ street north.
No. 209. Trapezoid (area, 4,496 square feet; unimproved):
Between Tenth and Eleventh streets east and at the intersection of Mary-
land avenue aud £ street iiorth.
No. 210. Triangle (area, 10,860 squaxe feet; unimproved):
Between Eleventh and Twelfth streets east and at the iittersection of
Maryland avenue aud F street north.
No. 211. Triangle (area, 4,588 square feet; nnimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection ol^
Maryland avenue and F street north.
No. 212. Triangle (area, 4,095 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Maryland avenue and G street north.
No. 213« Triangle (area, 3,330 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Maryland avenue and G- street north.
No. 214. Triangle (area, 2,100 square feet; unimproved) :
Between O and P streets south and at the intersection of Delaware avenue
aud Third street west.
No. 215. Triangle (area, 6,039 square feet; unimproved):
Between Second and Third streets west and at the interaeeticm of Dela-
ware avenue and N street north.
No. 216. Trapezoid (area, 6,039 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Second and Third streets west and at the intersection of Dela-
ware avenue and M street south.
No. 217. Triangle (area, 552 square feet; unimproved) :
Between L and M streets south and at the intersection of Delaware ave-
nue and Second street west.
No. 218. Triangle (area, 2,100 square feet; unimproved):
Between K aud L streets south and at the intersection of Delaware avenne
aud Second street west.
No. 219. Trapezoid (area, 25,642 square feet; unimproved):
Between I and K streets south and Delaware avenne and Second street
west.
No. 220. Trapezoid (area, 11,340 square feet; unimproved):
Between I and H streets south and Delaware avenue and First street
west.
No. 221. Triangle (area, 4,576 square feet; unimproved) :
Between G and H streets south and at the intersection of Delaware avenue
and First street west.
AFFrarDix c c c — public buildings and GBQuiros. 3311
No. 222. Triangle (area^ 403sqaave feet; unimpTOTed) :
Between F and G streets soisth and at tbe interaeetionof Delaware avenue
and First street west.
No. 223. Trapezoid (area, 10,8X5 square feet; nnimproYed):
Between £ and F streets south, and Delaware ayenuo and First street
west.
No. 224. Trapezoid (area, 25,240 square leet; highly iniproTed):
At the intetsectiofi of Massachnaetts and Delaware ayenues. First street
east and F street north. Inelosed withpost-and-chain fence ; has gravel
walks, rustic fountain in the middle; lawns planted with evergreen
and decidttona trees and shraba, and a fiower border around fountain.
No. 225. Triangle (area, 4,508 square feet; highly improved):
Between F and G streetsnorth and at the intersection of Delawu^e avenue
and.First street eaat. Inclosed with pcMt-and-ehain fence and planted
with trees and shrubs.
No. 226. Trapezoid (area, 23,482 square £eet; unimproyed) :
Between G and H streets north and at the intersection, of Delaware avenue
and First street east. Occupied by the Baltimore aa^ Ohio Railway
Company for a freight yard, it is believed in violation of law.
No. 227. Tdanglie (area,. 4,628 square feet; unimpvoved) :
Between L and M streets north and at the interseetion of Delaware avenue
and Second street eaat.
No. 228. Trapezoid (area^ 7,093 square feet ; unimi9«roved) :
Between M and N streets north and at thet intersection of Delaware aveaao
and Second street east.
No. 229. Trapezoid (area, 9,702 square feet; partially improved) :
Between First and Second streets east and at the interseetion of North
Carc^ina avenue and £ street sonth. Eoaghly gradetl and in grasA.
Xo. 230. Trapezoid (arcci, 16,368 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Sixth and Seventh streets eaat and sk the intersection of North
Carolina avenue and B street sonth.
No. 231. Triangle (area, 506 square feet; partially improved) :
Between A and B streets south and at the intersection of North Carolina
avenue and Eighth street east. Graded and in grass.
No. 232. Trapezoid (area, 7,837 square feetf highly im^royed):
Between Eighth and Ninth streets east and at the intersection of North
Carolina avenue and B street south. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence,
a flower bed in the center, and water introduced.
No. 233. Trapezoid (area, 7,406 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Eighth and Ninth streets east and at the intersection of North
Carolina avenne and A street south. Inclosed with post-and-chain fence,
roughly graded, and in grass.
No* 234. Triangle (area, 900 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Ninth and Tenth streets east and at the intersection of North
Carolina avenue and A street sonth. Roughly graded and in grass.
|!^» 235. Triangle (area,. 10,556 square feet; ttniraproved) :
Between Thirteeuth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
North Carolina avenue and A street north.
Ko. 236. Trapezoid (area^ 8,883 square feet; unimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
North Carolina avenne and B street north.
Ko. 237. Triangle (area, 600 square feet ; unimproved) :
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets eaat and at the intersection of
North Carolina avenne and B street north.
No. 238. Triangle (area, 7,698 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets east and at the intersection of
North Carolina avenne and B street north.
No. 239. Triangle (area, 10,351 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets east and at the iutorsection of
North Carolina avenue and C street north.
No. 240. Triangle (area, 5,642 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteeuth streets east and at the intersection of
South Carolina arenue and C street sonth.
No. 241. Triangle (area, 5,046 square feet; unimproved):
Betwecu Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection of
South Carolina avenue and C street south.
No. 242. Triangle (area, 21,909 square feet; unimproved):
Between Second and Third streets west and at the intersection of Georgia
avenue and S street sonth.
3312 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
No. 243. Triangle (area, 20,878 square feet; unimproved):
Between First and Second streets west and at the intersection of Georgia
avenue and R street south.
No. 244. Triangle (area, 20;234 square feet ; unimproved) :
Between Half and First streets west and at the intersection of Georgia
avenue and R street south.
No. 245. Triangle (area 24,727 square feet; ubimproved) :
Between South Capitol and Half streets west and at the intersection of
Georgia avenue and Q street south.
No. 246. Triangle (area, 20,520 square feet; unimproved):
Between South Capitol and Half streets east and at the intersection of
Georgia avenue and Q street south.
No. 247. Triaglo (area, 30,975 square feet; unimproved):
Between Half and First streets east and at the intersection of Georgia
avenue and P street south.
No. 248. Triangle (area, 1,500 square feet; unimproved) :
Between First and Second streets east and at the intersection of Georgia
avenue and O street south.
No. 249. Triangle (area, 5,180 square feet; unimproved):
At the intersection of Georgia avenue and Fourth and N streets SE.
Occupied as a lumher yard, it is helieved in violation of law.
No. 250. Triangle (area, 1,827 square feet; unimproved):
At the intersection of Georgia avenue, N, Fifth, and Canal streets SE.
No. 251. Triangle (area, 10,914 square feet; unimproved):
Between Eighth and Ninth streets east and at the intei-section of Georgia
avenue and M street south.
No. 252. Triangle (area, 10,700 square feet; unimproved):
Between Eleventh and Twelfth streets caat and at the intersection of
Georgia avenue and K street south.
No. 253. Triangle (area, 9,144 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Georgia avenue and K street south.
No. 254. Triangle (area, 10,753 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Georgia avenue and I street south.
No. 255. Trapezoid (area, 6,510 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Georgia avenue and G street south.
No. 256. Triangle (area, 3,937 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets east and at the' intersection of
Georgia and Kentucky avenues and G street south.
No. 257. Triangle (area, 15,748 square feet; unimproved):
Between Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets east and at the intersection
of Georgia avenue and E street south.
No. 258. Triangle (area, 8,972 square feot; unimproved):
Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets east and at the interseetion of
Georgia avenue and E street south.
No. 259. Tri<angle (area, 5,395 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Kentucky avenue and B street south.
No. 260. Triangle (area, 3,850 square feet; unimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Kentucky avenue and B street south.
No. 261. Triangle (area, 2,116 square feet; unimproved):
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Kentucky avenue and D street south.
No. 262. Triangle (area, 2,040 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Kentucky avenue and D street south.
No. 263. Triangle (area, 1,762 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets east and at the Intersection of
Kentucky avenue and Fifteenth street east.
No. 264. Triangle (area, 2,592 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Georgia and Kentucky avenues and G street south.
No. 265. Triangle (area, 1,462 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Kentucky avenue and H street south.
No. 266. Triangle (area, 5,742 square feet; unimproved):
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Tennessee avenue and B street north.
APPENDIX C C C — PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 3313
Ko. 267. Triangle (area, 6,348 square feet; unimproved) :
IJotwcen Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Tennessee avenue and B street north.
Ko. 2«>8. Triangle (area, 5,043 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Tliirteunth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Tennessee avenue and D street north.
No. 269. Triangle (area, 3,250 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets cast and at the intcrsi^ctiou of
Tennessee avenue and E street north.
No. 270. Triangle (area, 877 square feet; unimproved) :
At the intersection of Florida avenue and Twenty-lirst streets northwest.
Ko. 271. Triangle (area 687 square feet; partially improved) :
At the intersection of Florid:^ avenue and V street north and between
Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets west. Inclosed with a wire fence;
graded and in grass.
Ko. 272. Triangle (area, 437 square feet; unimproved) :
At the intersection of Florida avenue and Tenth street northwest.
No. 273. Triangle (area, 418 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Kinth and Tenth iftrects west, and at the intersection of Vermont
avenue and V street north.
Ko. 274. Triangle (area, 350 square feet; partially improved) :
Between Sixth and Seventh streets west, and at the intersection of Florida
avenue and T street north. Inclosed with iron railing and in grass.
Ko. 275. Triangle (area, 870 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fourth and Fifth streets west, and at the intersection of Florida
avenue and 8 street north.
Ko. 276. Triangle (area, 870 square feet; unimproved):
Between First and Third streets west, and at the intersection of Florida
avenue and R street north.
Xo. 277. Triangle (area, 742 square feet; unimproved) :
Between North Capitol street and First street west and at the intersection
of Florida avenue and Q street north.
Ko. 278. Triangle (area, 960 s<^uare feet; unimproved) :
Between North Capitol street and First street east, and at the intersection
of Florida avenue and P street north.
Xo. 279. Triangle (area, 484 sqiiare feet; unimproved) :
Between Third and Fourth streets east, and at the intersection of Florida
avenue and N street north.
Xo. 280. Triangle (area. 725 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Siztn and Seventli streets east and atthe iutersection of Florida
avenue and M street north.
Ko. 281. Triangle (area, 700 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Ninth and Tenth street east and at the intersection of Florida
avenue and L street north.
Xo. 282. Traiiezoid (area, 1,053 square feet; unimproved):
Betff'een Eleventh and Twelfth streets east and at the intersection of
Florida avenue and K street north.
Ko. 283. Triangle (area, 600 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets east and at the intersection of
Florida avenueaud I street north.
Ko. 284. Triangle (area, 450 square feet: partially improved) :
Between Canal street and at tne intersection of B and Second streets south-
Avcst. Graded and in grass.
No. 285. Triangle (area, 10,500 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Canal street aud at the intersection of First and D streets south-
west.
No. 286. Triangle (area, 1,905 square feet; partially improved):
At the intersection of Canal, South Capitol, and E streets southeast. The
curbing and sidewalks have been laid. Graded and in grass.
Ko. 287. Triangle (area, 2,929 square feet; unimproved) :
At the intersection of Canal street, H street south, Half street east. Xow
occupied by the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Company, by act of
Congress January 19, 1891.
No. 288. Trapezium (area, 11,462 square feet; unimproved) :
Between H and I streets south, and at the intersection of New Jersey
avenue. Canal, and First streets east. Now occupied by the Hnltiuuiro
and Potomac Kailroad Company by act of Congress dated January 19,
loHl.
KNU 94 208
3314 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
No. 289. Triangle (area, 1,520 square feet; uuinvproved) :
At the intersection of New Jersey avenue, Canal and I streets sout
Now occupied by the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Company
of Congress dated January 19, 1891.
No. 290. Triangle (area, 5,700 feet; unimproved):
At the intersection of South Capitol, I, and H streets southwest.
No. 291. Triangle (area, 2,280 square feet; unimproved) :
At the Intersection of I and Half streets southwest and on the west i
the canal.
No. 292. Triauglo (area, 8,125 square feet; unimproved):
Between L and M streets south and Half and First strceto west, <
west side of the canal.
No. 293. Triangle (area, 2,100 square feet; unimproved) :
At the intersection of Canal and N streets south and First streei
Ownership claimed by party who has erected a house upon it. Qi
of ownership now before court.
No. 294. Triangle (area, 11,400 square feet; partially improved):
At the intersection of Water street, N street south, and Sixth stroc
Roughly graded.
No. 295. Triangle (area, 9,108 square feet; unimproved):
Between U and V streets south and at the intersection of Water str<
Half street west.
No. 296. Triangle (area, 9,954 square foot; unimproved) :
Between T and U streets south and at the intersection of Water an
streets west.
No. 297. Triangle (area, 1,750 square feet; unimproved):
Between R and S streets south and at the intersection of South <
and Water streets.
No. 298. Triangle (area, 3,250 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets east and at the intersoctio
and Water streets south.
No. 299. Triangle (area, 7,875 square feet; unimproved) :
Between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets east and at the iiitersec
Water street and M street south.
No. 300. Triangle (area, 3,450 square feet ; unimproved):
Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets east and at the interseci
Water street and L street south.
No. 301. Triangle (area, 1,235 square feet; unimproved):
Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets east and at the intersect
Water street and L street south.
I
4
P.
APPENDIX D D D.
NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES— SURVEYS— CORRECTING
ENGRAVED PLATES— PRINTING AND ISSUING OF CHARTS.
liEPOBT OF COL, O. M, POE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, BVT. BRIG, GEN,
U, S. A., FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE SO, 1S94,
United States Engineer Office,
Detroit^ Mich.j July 10, 1894.
Sib: I haye the honor to transmit herewith, in daplicate, my annual
report on the "Issue of the published charts of the Northern and North-
western Lakes and surveys made for the purpose of keeping these
charts up to date,'' for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894. ♦ ♦ •
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
O. M. POE,
Colonel, Corps of Engineers, BvU Brig. Oen., U, 8. Army,
Brig. Gen, Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers, U. S. A.
D D D I.
NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES— SURVEYS— CORRECTING
ENGRAVED PLATES— PRINTING AND ISSUING OF CHARTS.
Tbe sundry civil act of March 3, 1893, appropriated the following
amounts for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894:
Survey of Northern and Northwestern Ldkea, — For printing and issuing charts for use
of navigators and electrotyping plates for chart 'printing, two thousand dollars.
For surveys, additions to, and correcting engraved plates, twenty-five thousand
dollars.
Under the first item the issuing of charts has been done in Detroit,
Mich., from this office, the rest of the work required being attended to
by the office of the Chief of Engineers, in Washington. During the fis-
cal year nearly all charts have been sold at the uniform price of 20
cents each. A few special lithographic charts have been sold for 10
and 5 cents each, and some charts have been issued free of charge for
the oflRcial use of Government agents applying for them.
3315
3316 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Tlie following table shows tlie extent of this business:
l88ue of ihc vha7'i8 of the Xorthern and Xorihicestern Lakes during the fiscal year ending
June SOy 1S94.
Description. , Xnnilier. Total
On liana J iily 1, 1893
Kecoivcd during the year.
Issued to United States vessels, officials, etc
Destroyed, -worthless, not showing corrections to date
Sold, at 20 cents each .
Sold, at 10 cents each
Sold, at 5 cents each
On hand July 1, 18C4 4,146
The sum of $911.15 was turned into the Treasury from sale of charts.
Total number of charts distributed to July 1, 1893 194, 399
Distributed, etc., during fiscal year 4, 931
Total distributed to July 1,1894 199,330
Under the second item of the above appropriation a number of charts
have had corrections and additions made upon them in this office, and
have been forwarded to Washington in order that the necessary
changes might be made upon the engraved plates.
The following charts have been amended in this office:
Scale.
Detroit River 1: 40,OiCiQ
Straits of Mackinac 1 : lfi0,O^^
Lake Huron 1 : 400,000
8outb End Lake Huron 1 : 120^000
Lake I)rio 1:400 ^CKX)
Coast Chart No. 4, Lake Erie 1 : 80,000
Presquo Isle and Middle Island, Lake Huron 1 : 40,000
The information embodied in the above charts was derived fronx tilie
best available sources of information. This work has been sericmsly
impeded by lack of sufficient funds. The work is essential, howciver,
if the charts are to be used for navigating the lakes.
The following progress on the combined chartof LakeSui)erior, scale
1:400,000, has been made: Completed 845 miles of inshore and offe^^re
hydrography and 800 miles of shore line with the adjoinirgtopogr»P^iy
3 to 5 miles back from shore, taking in the latest topographical ^"'^
geographical information. The hydrography commences atl^i^^^*^
River, United States boundary line, and extends around thenortlf^^^^
coast and along the south shore to Pictured Rocks. The topo^rapny
commences at Carltons Peak, on northwest shore and extends fro n* ^'|^^
point to Pictured Rocks. The topography on the eastern end of ^^^^
Superior and on both sides of St. Marys River, extending fron:i Point
Iroquois and Gros Cap to Little Rapids, has been reduced from resur-
vey, St. Marys River, 1803, and inked in.
Extensive alterations are being made to chart No. 1, St. JVlary^
River, showing section 1 of the 20 and 21 foot Channel and tlic Hay
Lake improvement. For this purpose the chart is being extend^" ^^
as to take in Middle Neebish. The head of Collingwood Channel isaiso
to bo added to this chart. The cities of Sault Sle. Marie, Mich., a""
Ontario are to be rednced from the field sheets of the resnrvey o^ *^^'
Marys River, 1893. The alterations in this chart are very nearly coin
pleted.
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3317
Mr. Edward Molitor has bad charge of this work, and when not
engaged on other work has devoted his whole time to it, with his well-
known intelligence and skill.
RESURVBY ST. MARYS RIVER.
The increase in the draft of vessels navigating the Great Lakes and
their connecting waters has rendered the resurvey of certain localities
necessary. A large number of artificial changes have been made in
the channels and harbors, and data obtained fifty years ago in the nar-
row or rocky parts of the waterway is not sufficiently accurate for a
navigation twice the depth of that at the time these surveys were made.
In conformity with the general plan of resurvcying certain localities,
a resui'vey of St. Marys liiver was commenced in May, 1892, at an esti-
mated cost of $04,080. Work was suspended on June 30, 1892, on
account of the exhaustion of funds available. Four thousand dollars
vras allotted for fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, and $20,357.43 for fis-
cal year ending June 30, 1894. Work was resumed in January, 1893,
and has been continued to date.
Oil June 30, 1893, a field observatory had been constructed at Sault
8te. Marie, Mich., on land belonging to the United States. Theastro-
Jiomical instruments and electrical apparatus necessary for the deter-
niination of latitude and longitude had been placed in position.
The observations for a fundamental determination of latitude had
been made; eight primary stations definitely and four approximately
iocated; a base line had been measured and the computations made; a
■J^'ne of precise levels had been run from Sault Ste. Marie to Bay Mills,
^Jch., and the computations nearly completed.
CoutractH,
Contractor.
P Sr^^'^'^^mon*! &- Backna Co
Pr*2: * ,^>iurch & Co
««rxsw Hotton
For—
Stationery
Hardwari', Bhip chandlery, etc
(Jrocerics *
Meats
Entered
into —
I
Apr. 27, 1893
do
....do
....do
Keniarks.
In force.
Closed Dec, 1893.
Do.
Do.
OPERATIONS DUKING THE FISCAL YEAR.
^^^^trojiomical icorJc, — The computations for the latitude of the east pier
rv|^ho observatory at Sault Ste. Marie were made. Latitude of east
tij ^? 460 30' 06.25" north. Keduced to west pier, 46° 30' 06.27" ± 0.08" ;
[^1^ latter latitude was used in the reduction of the triangulatiou.
^ ^^^rvations for the difference in longitude between the west pier,
i^^' ^It Ste. Marie Observatory, and Ann Arbor (meridian circle) were
^^^o and the computations comi)leted. Sault Ste. Marie Observatory
i: O ^^ pier) west of Ann Arbor (meridian circle) 2 minutes 27.995 seconds
^ •O^o second. Taking the best obtainable data for the longitude of
^^^ Arbor, 5 hours 34 minutes 55.25 seconds west from Greenwicb,
ti^ -have Sault Ste. Marie Observatory (west pier) west from Greenwich 5
iu ^i^^ 37 minutes 23.25 seconds or 84o 20' 48.75". This value was used
f^^lic reduction of the triangularion. Observations and computations
\^^ the azimuth of the line Sault Ste. Marie Observatory to ^ azimuth
^^^i*^ made. Azimuth, 178o 06' 38.87". This value was used in the
Auction of the triangulation.
^. Continuous latitude and azimuth, — For the i)urpose of obtaining addi-
^Ual data m regard to the recently-discovered movement of the pole.
18 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.lE
effort Tvill be made to observe latitude aud azimath coutinnously
: a few years. A table of latitude stars has been very carefully pre-
red for tbis work, and a programme has been determined upon for the
imnth observations. Assistant Engineers Eipley and Dixon, who
B employed upon the river and harbor works in the vicinity, have
lunteered for this work, but so far have been too busy to accomplish
ry much.
Triangulation, — A plan of triangulation connecting the triangnlation
Lake Superior with that of the Straits of Mackinac was deviswl,
it some reconnoiteriug is necessary to ascertain whether this plan or
ly other is practicable in order to make a complete connection between
e two systems named above.
Eighteen pi-imary and 12 secondary stations were built aud the nec-
sary lines of sight cut. The angles at 11 stations were measaral;
measures each for 91 primary angles, and 8 measures each for 67
condary angles were made.
In this work a direct connection was made with the river improve-
ent tertiary triangulation at Stations Iroquois and South Gros Cap.
Topographical work. — In order to obtain the requisite topography for
art Ko. 3 of the adopted series of the new charts of the river in one
ason, two small topographical parties were placed in the field. These
rties started at the lower end of the reach (just east of Sault Ste.
arie, Mich., and Ontario) and worked westward. On the American
ie, 61.4 square miles of territory were covered, and on the Canadian
ie 40 square miles. The average cost was about $60 per square
lie. The survey shows all the features of the ground, 20-foot con-
urs, land survey lines, etc.
Hydrography. — In connection with the operations of improving th
ip channel 20 and 21 feet in depth between Chicago, Duluth,
ifll'alo, a hydrographic survey of a large i>ortion of the river adjac
the localities where improvements are in progress, or are conteu^«\-
ated, has been begun. This survey will cover the reaches of
rer shown on charts 2 and 3 of the adopted series of new charts,
is work, like all the '^ river and harbor^ surveys, will be done
eat care and accuracy, the lake survey will nat duplicate it, and
iindings obtained will be used for the new charts.
Offit'e work. — In addition to the computations for latitude, longitc
d azimuth, an adjustment of the completed triangulation was ni
B geodetic coordinates of the various stations in the primary
d of the tertiary stations in the river improvement triangula
TC made.
l-tli
on
PROPOSED WORK.
to
rhc work already done will enable chart No. 3 of the new seri^
issued when the hydrography shall have been completed. The w:^ ^
otment will be expended in extending the triangulation, and, ^^^'*^^f
jnt, in obtaining enough information to permit the publicatic^"^?^ .
art No. 2. This will require the topographical and hydrograpt*^""-*^
)rk to be carried down the river from Sault Ste. Marie. It woul^i
ry desirable to have some accurate magnetic observations ^^^^^^
iring the progress of the survey, and it is thought that this ca. «*- ^
ne at small cost. Everything is now in readiness to push the "«v^^^
fast as the necessary funds become available. ^
The resurvey of St. Marys River has been under the local char^^^
rst Lieut. Charles S. Eich6, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army,assisr^
Assistant Engineers Morley, Haskell, Von Schon, Molitor, ^"
ilch, and Mr. Thomas Russell. In Lieut. Rich^'s report and the s^*^'
'*^il;j
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3319
reports attached thereto can be found all the details connected with
the prosecution of the work.
ANNUAL WATER LEVELS OF THE NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN
LAKES.
Daily observations were made under my direction at Sand Beach,
Mich., on Lake Huron, and at the head of St. Marys Falls Canal,
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.
The following table embodies the results:
Monthly mean of water levels for the following-named stations below the planes of refer-
ence adopted in 1876.
Stations.
•
1893
1394.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Xov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
Sand Boach
Feet.
3.50
2.808
Feet.
3.64
2. 724
Feet.
3.93
Feet.
4 14
2.913
Feet.
4.37
2.968
Feet.
4.57
3.504
Feet.
4.62
3.725
Feet.
4.61
3. 009
Feet.
4.46
3.919
Feet.
4.23
3.528
Feet.
3.83
2.556
Feet.
3.53
SftQltSte Marie
2 316
1
ESTIMATE.
The resurvey of St. Marys Kiver is now in progress and the work
^s beiug pushed as rapidly as available funds will permit. The traffic
through the river is already so great, that the publication of new charts
^s becoming more and more essential every day. These charts would
^how to the navigator the new channels upon which the Government
''as been expending so much money, together with all ranges and land-
^^i*ks along the shores. They would show the best courses for his ves-
ff ? to run and the dangers to be avoided in the difficult navigation of
•i? portion of one of the great commercial waterways of the world,
Tliroughout the lake region larger and larger vessels are being built
/^Cili season. Their value to the general public is increasing every
^ ^a.x*j and nothing should be left undone in efforts looking toward the
^^l^ty of these»costly vessels and their cargoes.
J ^lie connecting channels of the lakes are now from 4 to 5 feet deeper
i^ ^ti they were when the original surveys were made, and a still fur-
^ ^i:* increase in depth of 4 feet is approaching completion. When the
j^'^v 20 and 21-foot channel.is finished the depth in many places will be
^^6 than double what it was orginally. The increased draft of the ves-
^^ using these channels, combined with the low water of recent years,
^^^ caused the larger and more expensive vessels to discover dangers
J^"^>4ously unsuspected, and to discover them by the costly i)rocess of
l^^^-^^^l^ing them. All dangers so discovered should at once be surveyed
^ ^^\ located upon the charts in order to prevent the repetition of simi-
' ^ accidents at the same point. Localities deemed perfectly safe for
?^"Vigation when smaller vessels were used are now regarded Avith sus-
^l^ion by the larger vessels, and it is essential that certain special
^^as be reexamined.
L^ -Accurate knowledge of dangerous obstructions can be obtained in
^J^t; one way, and that is from charts. When the Government sells
^^^^xts to navigators these charts should embody the latest and most
^^ourate information concerning the localities to which they refer. It
r^ essential, therefore, that all the charts be kept constantly uptodate.
^1*0 organized districts, in connection with the river and harbor work
^^ the Corps of Engineers now established at the chief cities on the
3320 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
lakes, will greatly facilitate this work, and will insure the maximum
results with tlio minimum cost.
In the field work of the resurvey of St. Marys River alone $30,230.15
can be economically and profitably expended during the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1896. In addition, the new charts of the river must be
drawn, engraved, and i)rinted. At the same time other localities must
not be neglected. New shoals should be resurveyed as promptly as dis-
covered. Kew light-houses; buoys, landmarks, channel improvements,
etc., must be located and marked upon existing charts. This work is
accumulating, and it increases the longer it is postponed. In view of
all these facts an estimate is submitted of $75,000 for '^surveys and
other expenses connected with the correcting and extending the charts
of the Northern and Northwestern lakes, to be available until expended,"
in full confidence that the conditions actually existing amply warrant
this expenditure.
Estimate for the fiscal year ending June 30y 1S90.
For printing and issuing charts for use of navig<ators and olectrotyping
plates for chart printing $3,000.00
For surveys and other expenses connected with correcting and extending
the charts, including resurvey of St. Marys River, to be available until
expended 75, 060. 00
Total 78,000,00
Money statemenL
RESURVEY OF ST. MARYS RIVER.
Allotted May 2, 1893, $20,000; February 17. 1894, $357,43 $20, 357.43
Juno 30, l5!94, amount expended during li^ical year 19, 704. 86
July 1, 1894, balance unexpended ..
July 1, 1894, outstanding liabilities
652. 57
652.57
Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project 36, 239. 15
Amount that can be profitably expended in iiscal year ending June 30,
1896 36,239.15
Date9 and amonnta nf aitpropriaiions for survey of Xorthern and Northwestern Lakes,
March 3, 18*11 $15,000
May 18,1842 20,000
March 1,1843 30,000
June 17, 1844 20,000
March 3, 1845 20,000
August 8, 1846 25,000
A ugust 12, 1 848 25, 000
March 3, 1849 10, 000
September 28, 1850 25, 000
March 3, 1851 25,000
August 30, 1852 S5, 000
March 3, 1853 50,000
August 5, 1854 50,000
M arch 3, 1 855 50, 000
August 30, 1 856 50, 000
Marc h 3. 1857 50, 000
.Tune 12,1858 75,000
March 3, 1859 75, 000
Juno 21, 1860 75,000
March 2, 186 1 75, 100
July 5,1862 105,000
Februarv 9, 1863 106. 879
July2,1864 100,000
Februarv 28, 1865 125. 000
June 12,'^lh6G 50, COO
March 2,1867 77,500
March 2, 1868 77,500
July20,1868
March 3, 1869
Julvl5,1870
March 3, 1871
June 10,1872
March 3, 1873
June 2,3, 1874
March 3, 1875
July 31,1876 (not including
$16,000 applied to survey
Mississippi River)
March 3, 1877 (not including
$25,000 applied to survey
Mississippi River and includ-
ing $9,500 received from sale
of steamers)
June 20, 1878 (not including
$49,500 applied to survey of
Mississippi River)
March 3, 1879
J un o 16, 1 880
March 3, 1881
August 7, 1882
March 3, 1883
$75, 000
100,000
100,000
175,000
175,000
175,000
175, 000
150,000
84,000
^^,500
49,500
85,000
40, 000
18.000
12,000
3,000
Total 2,942,879
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3321
Dates and amounts of apjjropriations for survey of Xorthern and Northwestern Lakes.
Printing and issue of charts for use of navigators iiivl clo;.*trotyping copperplate
fur chart printing :
July 7, 1884 $3,000
March 3, 1885 3,000
August 4, 1886 2,000
March 3, 1887 2, 000
October 2. 1888 2, 000
March 2, 1889 2, 000
August 30, 1890 2,000
March 3. 1891 2,000
Angusto, 1892 2,000
March 3, 1893 2,000
Total 22, 000
Dates and amounts of appropriations for survey of Xorthern and Northwestern Lakes.
Surveys and additions t;> and correcting engraved plates:
March 2, 1889 $5, COO
August 30, 1890 10,000
M arch 3, 189 1 10, 000
August 5, 1892 5, 000
March 3, 1893 25, 000
. Total ,. 55, 000
Abstract of bids for supplies for survey of Xorthern and Northwestern Lakes, received
and 02)ened Marches, 1S94, in accordance \oith advertisement dated March S, 1S04,
Xo.
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
C
7
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
2
:t
1
Xanio and addreHH of bidder.
Supplies.
P. M. Church & Co., Sault Sto. Mario, Mich ...
Kobert G. Fcrgason, Saalt Sto. Mario, Mich....
Prenzlaaor Bros., Saalt Sto. Marie, Mich
Allan Broil., Detroit, Mich
I*. C. Keliher, Sault Sto. Marie, Mich
Peppard & McKinnoy, Sault Ste. Mario, Mich. .
l^oyce & Keyoolds, Sault Sto. Mnrio, Mich
Otto Supo Ac Co., Sault Ste. Marie, Mich
J no . Blessed & Son, Detroit, Mich
I'eppard &McKiunoy, Sault Sto. Marie, Mich.. ^
P.C. Kclihor, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich ] do
Prcnzlaner Bros., Sault Ste. Mario, Mich ] do
lioj'ce & Keynolds, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich 1 do
Otto Snpe & Co., Sault Sto. Marie, Mich
Andrew Ilotton, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. ......
Donaldson &. Hall. Sault Ste. Marie, Mich
J. B. Sweatt, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich
K. D. JobuHoUj Sault Ste. Marie, Mich
Kraery D. Woimer, Ludinf^ton, Mich
The Hichmoud & Baokus Co., Detroit, Mich. . .
Hardware, ship chandlery, etc.
do
Groceries
do
do
do
do
do
do
Vegetables, etc.
i\0...
Meats . —
do...
Lumber...
do...
do...
Stationery
Total.
•$1,172.07
1.228.61
* 779. 31
781.00
812. 27
868.30
014.49
914. 09
090.80
* 580. 70
718. 85
\ 433. 13
too 1.50
t510.2J
'^ 635. 05
* 085. 00
* 120. 00
150. 00
200. 00
* 391. 31
Kccomniendcd fur nccoptance.
\ luconiplcto. No bid on milk.
UKi»0!M' OF MKL'T. <I1.\ULES .S. IIICHK, t'OIlPS Ol* KNtJINKKKS.
United States Exgineeu Okfice,
Sault Ste, Marie, Mich., July -/, ISOi.
Sir: I liavo the honor to trau.sniit tho Ibllowiug report of operations of the survey
of the Northern and Northwestern Lakes, rosurvey of .St. Marys River for the liscal
year ending Juno 30, 1891 :
At the he^inning of the fiscal year a small field observatory had been erected at
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., observations for latitudes ha<l been completed, and obser-
vations for longitude were in progress. The triangulation had been planned from
Wliitefish Bay to about 10 miles north of hako Huron. Ten triangulation stations
had been erected. The **8oo'' base had been measured and computed. A lino of
precise levels had been run from Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., to Waiska Bay and the
computations nearly completed. A limited amount of hydrograpbic work had been
done and considerable progress had been made to warvlVitting out field parties for
wb.sccxucnt work.
3322 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S, ARMY.
The allotment available for the fiscal year was $30,000, subsequently increased to
$20,357.43. It was proposed to expend this amount in completing the essential
astronomical work, in continuing the planning of the triangnlatlou, in baildinj;
stations, measuring angles, and in obtaining topography for the reach covered by
chart No. 3 of the adopted scries of now charts of the river. The hydrography it
was proposed to take largely from the river and harbor surveys made and to be
made in connection with the improvement of the river, such additional hydrography
as might prove neces3ary for this chart being obtained by sounding through the ice
daring the winter. It was not prox)osod to duplicate recent Government surreys
when doing so could be avoided.
The results accomplished during the fiscal year are as follows :
ASTRONOMICAL WORK.
Observatory, — The "Soo Observatory" which was used for this work wasbniltdor-
ing the coldest part of the winter of 1892-*93. It forms an ell of tlie U. S. Engineer
Office at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and is shown in ground plan in the accompanying
drawing. Being on Government land, it was made more substantial in strnctare
than would otherwise have been the case, as it can remain permanently and will be
a useful point for comparisons of longitude, etc., for future surveys of the Engineer
Department. The observing piers are of masonry capped with a 24 by 24 inch block
of cut stone, and have proved very stable. A small masonry pier supports a 12 by
12 inch timber to which the astronomical clock is bolted, and a snail concrete pier
for holding a dish of mercury to act as an artifioal horizon in azimuth observations,
etc., stands to the north of the west observing pier. The fouudations of all these
piers are independent of each other, and of the loundation of the building.
Latitude. — ^Observations for latitude were made on four nights, June 11, 14, 19, and
26, 1893. The manner of making them and their reductioir is given in the report of
Mr. Thomas Russell, appended, marked A, and attention is invited thereto for
details. The resulting latitude of the east pier is 46^ 30' 06.25" north, which, rednced
to the west pier, gives 46° 30' 03.27" ±0.08" as the latitude used in the reduction of
the triangulatiou.
Longitude. — Observations for the difi'erencc of longitude between Sault Ste. Marie,
Mich., and Ann Arbor, Mich., were made on ten nights, July 10, 15, 19, 20, and 26, wid
Auguste, 7, 8, 9, and 12, 1893. On the first five nights Prof. Asaph Hall, jr., directoroi
the Detroit Observatory at Ann Arbor, Mich., observed there, and I observed at the
Soo Observatory. On the last five nights Prof. Hall observed at Sault Sco. M»r}«
and I observed at Ann Arbor. The manner of making the observations and their
reduction is also given in the report of Mr. Thomas Russell, appended, marked A,
and attention is invited thereto for details.
At first considerable difficulty w.is experienced, owing mainly to trouble viihtw
electro-magnets in the Ann Arbor Observatory. Fifty-ohm relays were used at the
start, and while they worked satisfactorily at Sault Ste. Mario they did not do so w
Ann Arbor, and had to be differently adjusted for receiving and sending signals* As
it was desirable to avoid such changes in adjustment, more powerfiu relays ^^'^
employed, with satisfactory results.
The scheme of wiring in the Soo Observatory is shown on the accompanying draw-
ing. The operating switches there shown are for the purpose of passing alfflojt
instantly from the connections required for observing and talking to those lor wnfl-
ing or receiving signals. The four *' two-point " switches in each group wePosecnrBiy
fastened side by side and their levers were connected by a bar in such maimer tn»^
by pushing the bar all four switches would move simultaneously. The *^^*'*?,*[^
changes could thus be made so rapidly that the deisred number of signals co^J^JjJ'f
exchanged well within the short time geAerally available for the purpose, and tn
astronomical work could bo conducted with more deliberation than would otherwise
have been possible. ^ .i
In this scheme of wiring the clock is kept on an independent 1 -cell circuit, to ft^'^**
in j iiry to its delicate broak-circuit mechanism. The chronograph is also operated o
loculcircuit, in orderthatit may have a constant electric current through its magnet,
obviate as far as possible the necessity for changing the adjustment of the p
armature. An inspection of the drawing will show that when the 15D-ohni ^'^j ^
relay is thrown out of this local circuit into the main line, the 150-ohmtalkiu^ ^ -^
is thrown into the local in order to keep its current constant and avoid ^^^^^^^
adjustment of the chronograph pen armature. For this reason the two relay* i>* - ^
should have practioiUy. the siirui electrical resistance, or else, by meaus
rheostat, or otherwise, additional resistance should be put in the <5.^''*!"''_!^io
necessary to balance. A lightning arrester (not shown on drawing) is inserteo
the main line where it enters the observatory. ^ ^jji
The scheme of wiring at Ann Arbor was substantially similar to ^^^.^^^'^'^^
the addition that a rheostat and galvauoiuoter were inserted in the main hn^
>ENDrX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES 3323
w to keeping a constant current therein by plugging and unplugging resist-
The fluctuations in strength of the niain-bne current inrere found so sudden
rre^ular in the lenc^th of lino used, that more trouble was caused by trying to
; this arrangement than by leaving it alone. After the first fewnights, therefore,
;tention was paid to this feature of the subject. With specially devised appa*
I for steadily altering its resistance, there is no doubt that the current in the
lino can be kept practically constant and the galvanometer needle kept at a
ly pointing in much tho same manner as a boat is held on a fixed course, but I
t very much if the accuracy of tho work would bo materially increased thereby,
this work Assistant Engineer F. C. Shenehon acted as recorder at the Soo
rvatory and Mr. Elmer L, Allor at Ann Arbor. Tho services of both were highly
factory. I am especially indebted to Inspector L. Fleming, who, without extra
ensation, performed the duties of telegraph operator at Sault Ste. Mario during
)ngitude work, in addition to his regular duties in connoction with the river
larbor work in this vicinity. Mr. Fleming also took charge of the chronograph
obtained iirst-class results from the old-style instrument that was used in this
•
B reduction of the Ann Arbor work gives Soo Obser^-atory (west pier) west of
Arbor (Meridian Circle) 2 minutes 27.995 seconds J= 0.036 seconds. Takiugthe
obtainable value for the longitude of Ann Arbor, 5 hours 34 minutes 55.2o sec-
west from Greenwich, gives Soo Observatory (west pier) west from Green-
, 5 hours 37 minutes 23.25 seconds, or 84^ 20' 48.75", which value was used
e reduction of the triangulation.
September, 1893, an attempt was made to determine the difference in longitude
eeu the Soo Observatory and the new Naval Observatory at Washington, Prof,
who was temporarily visiting Washington at the time, making the observa-
there. The observations were very incomplete, owing to cloudy weather, and
ast square reduction of them was made.
thanks are especially due to Prof. Asaph Hall,, jr., for valuable suggestions and
auce throughout all of the longitude work and also to the Western Uuion Tel-
>h Company for granting us the use of their wires without charge.
mu(h, — A trianguLition station, known as A azimuth, having been located in
da nearly north of the observatory for the purpose of. forming a mark for the
ith observations, it was determined to observe azimuth from the west pier
iobservatorv. These observations were delayed owing to repeated iuterference
the mark by certain mischievous persons who resided near it. Two 'Might
\" that had been erected at the station were removed and secreted. When the
one was put in place, Mr. Joseph Cozens, Ontario land surveyor, very kindly
IS his assistance, and put up a sign notifying the public that the box was an
'io land survey mark and that he would prosecute any parties who disturbed
'or t«n days and nights thereafter the station was watched, but no further mis-
was attempted. The Canadian authorities at Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., gave us
assistance in their power, and it is sincerely trusted that the mark will not
be disturbed.'
I observations for azimuth were made on four nights, March 2, 8, 14, and 19,
by Assistant Engineer E. £. Haskell. The manner of making them^ and their
tion, is also given in the report of Mr. Thomas Russell, appended, marked A,
ttention is invited thereto for details. The resulting azimuth of tho line Soo
vafory (west pier) to A azimuth is 178° 06' 38.87" from the south through the
which value was used in the reduction of the triangulation.
iiinuov8 latitude and asimuth. — For the purpose of obtaining additional data in
d to tho recently-discovered movement of the pole, an effort will be made to
ve latitude and azimuth continuously for a few years. A table of latitude stars
5en very carefully prepared for this work, and a programme has been determined
for the azimuth observatious. Assistant Engineers Ripley and Dixon, who arc
>yed upon tho river and harbor works in the vicinity, have volunteered for this
, but so far have been too busy to accomplish very much. A short discussion
is subject, together with the adopted star lists, will be found in Mr. Russell's
t (A). An effort will be made to have the places of these stars observed at one
re fixed observatories during the progress of the work.
PLANNING TRIANGULATIOX.
;he beginning of the fiscal year Assistant Engineer Fred Morley was engaged
nning the triangulation. He continued this work until November 15, 1893,
he left for Ann Arbor to resume his duties at the University of Michigan.
ig his season's work Mr. Morley made a complete plan of the primary triaugu-
I from the old lake-survey line Michipicoten-Gargantua to the old lake survey
'kinac Base." In addition, Mr. Morley planned a secondary system of triangn-
i for Whitefish and adjacent bays. Mr. Morley's final report of this work is
ided, marked B, and attention is invited thereto for details.
3324 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. ]i?l
»
Mr. Morley's i>lan contained a large number of lines over 20 miles in length, the
measurement of whose direction would have involved the extensive use of heliotro-
Eers. This would have made the angle-measuring expensive, as the experience we
ave already had with such lines has shown that they are liable to cause vexatious
delays to the angle-measuring parties. I considered it advisable, therefore, to reduce
the number of such lines as much as possible, and the large amount of information
obtained by Mr. Morlcy rendered this a comparatively easy matter, involving but a
small amount of additional reconnoitering.
Mr. Morley's connection with old station Gargantua was through Canadian terri-
tory back ot A Mamaiuse. This country is an absolute wilderness, and while Mr.
Morley's plan of triangulation is doubtless the best that could be obtained through
this back country, the measurement of the angles would be expensive, and it was
thought best to see, by some additional reconnoitering, whether a cheaper connection
could not bo uiado wilh tho old line Mamainse-Gargantua from some station on the
Michigan shore of Lake Superior. A hill 260 feet above the lake was found at
Crisps Point, Michigan, where, by erecting a high station, and by waiting until th«
refraction is excessive, A Gargantua, 431 feet above the lake and about 60 miles dis-
tant, would be visible. All things considered this connection would be more eco-
nomical than tho other, in addition to giving better angles, and it has therefore been
adopted. It is probable that Caribou Islanc Light-House can be located at little or
no cost from the three stations shown on the drawing herewith, by reading t|»
direction of the light from each of these stations at night when refraction ie at ito
greatest. It is important to locate this island; as its location has never, to my knowl-
edge, been accurately made.
The additional reconnoitering necessary for tho modification of Mr. Morley's pl*^
was done by Assistant Engineer E. E. Haskell in accordance with my instructions.
Mr. Haskell's report on this work is appended, marked C, and attention is invited
thereto for details. .
Mr. Haskell also selected some secondary stations to connect the lower en<^ ^^
the river improvement tertiary triangulation with the primary system. These sta-
tLons, together with the adopted plan of the primary triangulation, are show^i®*^
the drawing submitted herewith.
Although tho number of lines requiring the use of heliotropes has been gr^***?
reduced, some such lines still remain. These are mostly at the northern end a^ *^°
work and are necessitated by the length of the old lino Gargantua-Mamaias«>^*
which connection must bo niade. It lias been considered advisable to meas^^re a
base lino on Batchewana Island, as tho nearest bases to this end of the -^orK,
excepting the short Soo base, are at Keweenaw Point and the Straits of Macfei^^'
Batchewana Island being about halfway between the two, would make a very vftl*
nablo point for a good base line. The Soo base would then serve as a cheoVd ha^
for tho work closer to tho river; it is too short properly to control the long^ ^^^^
between the old stations of the lake survey at tho east cud of Lake Superior.
Mr. Morley's plan of secondary triangulation in Whitefish and adjacent^ ^^^J
involved the occupation with an instrument of each of a large number of seco"*^dftrj
points. The primary points in this locality look down upon these bays in sucIb- i"*°'
ner that it would be possible to locate all necessary secondary x^oints by inters -^^ction
from at least three primaries, and with lines not exceeding 20 miles in length, ^^^^'
out occupying any of tho secondary points with an instrument. I can seeno*^^*^"
why this method should not give as accurate, and in many cases more ace miraw,
results than the other, and the cost of locating tho secondaries would be bu*> i*^"*
nioro than that for maintaining targets at each of them for tho necessary lea. ^/** ^,f
time. These points could probably all be read in during tho otherwise ** dea<L "time
that tho angle-mojisuriug parties were waiting for favorable conditions forrtf^^wing
the long primary Hues that involved the use ot heliotropes. In fact, I Fee no 'reason
why this method of locating secondary points for hydrographers and topogr^pfl®'*
by intersection from a few primary stations should not generally bo used more ^J^"*
sively than it appears to bo. All secondary points on tho resurvey of St. 3iary«
River will bo located in this manner as far as practicable.
nriLDIN'G STATIONS.
Assistant Engineer Glen E. Balch was engaged in building stations at tho ^^^'
ning of tho liscal year, and continued this work until tho middle of October, is«»
when it was stopped for the season. By this timo 18 primary and 12 ^*'? j"J^u
stations had been erected and the necessary lines cut. Subsequently, Mr. Bft*^'" ^. .
charge of the erection of a higher station at South Gros Cap, which was ^^^qf^-^^
permit A Larko to be seen therefrom. During the last few days of June, ^ .^*j ^^
Balch was engaged in erecting A Pennefather, one of the new stations ^*^^1' p jj^d
tho modified plan of triangulation. Mr. Balclrs report is appended, marked ^^^^^^^
attention is invited thereto for details. The recent eight-hour law has increofi
cost of this work to the Government.
PENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3325
MKASURIXG ANGLES.
ortly after the beginning of tbo fiscal year enough stations had been erected to
lit angle-measuring to begin and to proceed without interruption until the close
e ueason. This work was done by Assistant Engineer E. E. Haskell, whose report
•ponded, marked £, and attention is invited thereto for details,
om July 5 to November 29, 1893, 11 stations were occupied ; 20 measures each of 91
ary angles, and 8 measures each of 67 secondary angles were made. Especial
ition is invited to the manner of measuring the primary angles, as outlined in
Haskell's report. Each angle was measured separately. First, a pointiug was
B on the left-hand target of a giv^n angle, then on the right hand. Then a
inting on the right hand and a repointing^ on the left hand. The instrument wbr
double reversed, the left-hand target pointed at; then the right hand, repoint-
nado on the right hand, and repointing made on the left-hand target. This was
position of tbo circle. Five snch positions were taken of each angle, in five
oximately equidistant parts of the limb of the instrument. While this gives
IF measures of each angle than is customary in primary work, the resnlts obtained
an accuracy well within the required limit. The mean error inclosing the
zon was 1.04'', and in closing triangles was 1.43".
lis method, of course, requires an instrument with a very accurately graduated
), but there is no difficulty in obtaining such instruments at the present time.
instrument used in this work was the old lake survey lYoughton & Simms
tdolite No. 3, and was manufactured in 1876. It is au excellent instrument, but
rones have undoubtedly been made since. No small shat'e of the results obtained
110 to the angles having been read under favorable conditions, i. e., when the air
steady and the seeing good. If the conditions were unfavorable, angle measnr-
would bo deferred until they improved. The phaseless targets used in this work
srvo especial attention ; a complete description of them will be found in Mr. Has-
'8 report (E).
I this work a direct connection was made with the river improvement tertiary
pgulation at stations Iroquois and South Gros Cap, and the following tertiary
ions were located by intersection from the primaries : Nos. 14 and 15 and old
nd Island light-house.
TOPOGUAPIIICAL WORK.
order to obtain the rei^uisite topography for chart No. 3 of the adopted series
w charts of the river, it was decided to have two small topographical parties.
tie river improvement triangulation for the reach in question had not been
ely completed, these parties had to start at the lower end of the reach (just cast
ult Ste.'Marie, Mich., and Ontario), and work westward — this iii order that they
t make use of the completed triangulation at the start, although it obliged
to work in the least accessible portion of their territory late in the season,
I snow had begun to fall and communication was difficult.
'o plane tables were made for this work by Messrs. lUifl:' &■ Berger, of Boston.
>ugh capable of improvement they are excellent instruments and accomplished
purpose satisfactorily. The region in question is not eminently suited to the
5 table on account of extensive timber and brush, and the difficulty of carrying
a bulky instrument through the woods. An objection to the plane table, that
es everywhere, is that it cannot be used during rainy or oven moist weather —
i^ the transit often can. It should, therefore, bo used in connection with the
it or some similar instrument, and this was done by both topographical parties.
?reat advantage of the plane table, however — an advantage liTtely to be under-
loted— is, not only that it enables the work to be plotted in view of the ground
r- survey, but also that it obliges all transit and other work to be plotted at
in the field, and plotted with great care, in order that the field plots can bo
Biplane table sheets when favorable opportunities offer. This results in the turn-
i of remarkably fine field sheets and the saving of much subsequent office work.
o noncompletion of the river triangulation until late in the season held back
>pographical work considerably, by preventing the issue of sheets with the tri-
'atiou points accurately projected thereon to scale. The preparation of such
** in aavance would greatly facilitate and cheapen the topographical work, and
'^ected that such sheets will be issued to these parties in the future for use as
tiible sheets and for plotting transit notes. It is expected that they will be
^e<l at the close of the season in such condition as to enable the final reduction
^ chart to be made directly therefrom without any intermediate drafting work.
^^can shore.— The topography on this side of the river was obtained by Assist-
^fijineer H. von Schon, whose report is appended, marked F, and attention is
'<i thereto for details. An area of about 51.4 square miles was covered.
**dtaM shore, — The topography on this side of the river was obtained by Assist-
3326 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
aiit Engineer David Molitor, wlioso report is appended, marked 6, and attention is
invited thereto for details. An area of about 40 square miles was covered.
The average cost of these 91.4 square miles of topography was about $60 per square
mile, and this gave a first-class topographical survey, showing all features of th«
ground, 20-foot contours, land survey lines, etc. Bv issuing projected sheets to
the topographical pmrties in advance, as is proposed, and by somewhat alteriag
the organization of the parties, it is confidently hoped that the cost of this work can
bo made as low as $45 per square mile without any loss of accuracy or detail. One
reason for the higher cost of the work during the past season was that the two towns,
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Ontario, were included in the work, involving a greil
increase in detail. No more such work remaius to be done, as these are the oaly
towns of any consequence along the river.
It seems to mo that $45 per square mile is about as low as a first-class topo^aph-
ical survey can be maide for in territory like that adjacent to St. Marys River with
the present instruments and mothods. This cost, while fairly low in comparison
with what work of this kind has cost in the past, is still sufficiently high to prohibit
topographical work from being executed in many parts of the country where it is
much needed. Some new method must be had wiiich will very greatly rednce the
cost of this class of work without diminishing its accuracy'*, and photography seems
to be the only thing in sight that gives promise of aiicomplishing this result.
Photosnrveying, or photogrammetry, is not new, but, hitherto, in this country, it
has been very generally regarded as a fad. I have neen in correspondence with some
of the leading instrument makers of the United States, and have not found any thst
had over manufactured any form of photosnrveying apparatus. In accordance with
my instructions Assistant Engineer H. von Schon nas collected considerable infor-
mation on this subject from Euroi>ean sources, and has found that in late years very
considerable progress has been made there in this matter. An institute on photo-
topography has been in operation in Berlin for four years and is presided over by
Prof. Meydenbanr; and all the leading European schools of technology have addad
this subject to their curriculum during recent years. Since 1870 phototopographj
has been an established and systematically practiced method in French, Germsfli
Austrian, and Italian government surveys, its use being confined chiefly to mooo-
tainous regions at first, but it has latterly been extended to coast, river, and interior
operations as well; i)robaby the most elaborate survey now in progress with this
method is the new survey of northern Italy, which is being executed with the plane-
table and the phototheodolite. Even Canada has been engaged for the last three
years on a survey of large extent in a mountainous district, using ten Troughton &
Sims phototheodolites for the work. To show how backward English-speaking
people have been on this subject, the literature on phototopography in the Germss,
French, and Italian langnages appears to be far more plentiful than that on topog-
raphy in English.
The great trouble with photogrammetry has been the large amount of office drsft-
ing connected with it. This appears to be a very serious disadvantage, bat if ^f
improvement could be made wnich would render this office work cheaper and more
expeditious the method would appear an ideal one for certain classes of work. I^^'>
of course, impossible to tell, without actual experience, just what its limitations
are, but in the triangulations of Whitefish Bay it would be possible for the assis^^
in charge of maintenance of targets, etc., who will have to visit each secondary
point several times during the work, to obtain a series of photographs at each pojjf*
at no cost other than that of the photo topographic instrument and plates. In ^^
way I believe nearly all the shore of this bay could be surveyed at less cost than oj
any of the ordinary methods.
The chief varieties of phototopographic instruments appear to be the photograo-
meter, the plane-table photogrammet«r, and the phototheodolite. • All of theseinswo-
ments are regularly manufactured by the following instrument-makers: Ottor*"'
nell, of Cassell, Germany; Lndwig Tesdorpf, of Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Gennany*
and R. Lcchner, Vienna, Austria. Other instrument-makers doubtless mannfacttt^
them, but their names and addresses have not yet been ascertained . ^
The extended use of this method in Europe would seem to indicate that it wj^
practical utility. Even with the excessive office drafting connected withit***J|?
present time it would seem to be an excellent method in mountainous districts ao"
possibly everywhere. It seems well suited to many localities along St. Marys BJ^*
HYDROGRAPHY.
In connection with the operations of improving the ship channel 20 and 21f««**
depth between Chicago, Duluth, and Buff*alo, a hydrographio survey of a large por-
tion of the river adjacent to the localities where improvements are in jtTOfcress or
are contemplated, has been begun. This survey will cover the reaches of tbenij*
shown on charts 2 and 3 of the adopted series of new charts. As this work, U»®
I
1
PENDIX D D D — NORTHEBN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3327
lio ** river and harbor" surveys, Yrill be done with ^eat care and accuracy, the
survey will not duplicate it, and the soundings obtained will be used for the
charts.
lis work will mostly be done through the ice during the winter, the soundine
8 being bored with the recently invented ice auger, a description of which wiU
)und on pp. 2963, 2964 of the Annual Beport of the Ohiof of Engineers for 1893.
general plan of the survey is to sound a series of cross sections at right angles
10 sailing lines and 500 feet apart. These cross sections to be carried to 1,000
on each ^de of the sailing lino, every other cross section to be extended to
3, or as close thereto as the uiickness of the ice will permit. Soundings on each
are taken every 50 or 100 feet apart. At critical points in the river more minute
eys are being made in connection with the execution of each contract for deep-
g the channel.
iring the past winter an area of about 13 square miles was surveyed through
ce in this manner, but the ice was poor during the winter and broke up early,
cnting the completion of as much work as had oeen contemplated. During the
og winter it is intended to put more parties at this work, with the view to finish-
t while the ice lasts.
OFFICE WORK.
ter the close of field operations at the end of the season of 1893 an adjustment
e triangulation was made, as follows: The station adjustments were made, then
Qg the angles thus obtained, giving each the same weight, and thereafter neg-
ng further station conditions, an adjustment was made by the best quadrilateral
)m obtainable from the network of measured angles. In this adjustment check
\ not in the quadrilateral system used were neglected. Although this adjust-
t was not a rigid one, the character of the angle measuring was such that the
Its obtained in this way could differ but little from those that would have been
ined by a rigid adjustment, and the latter would have required from two to
e niontus' more time to make, and when made would have given results no
er, practically, than those obtained by the method used.
r the time this adjustment was completed, the astronomical reductions w^ero
hed and work was begun computing the geodetic coordinates of the various
ons of the primary work. These coordinates wore also computed for the river
'ovoment tertiary triangulation stations that had been connected with the pri-
Y system.
le reduction of the astronomical work will be found in the report of Mr. Thomas
lell, appended, marked A. The reduction of the triangulation will be found in
£. £. Haskell's report, appended, marked E, and attention is invited thereto
etails. The reduction oi the lino of precise levels, run from Sault Sto. Marie,
1., to Waiska Bay, was completed, and Mr. Haskell's report thereon will be found
inded, marked H.
•nsiderable work was also done In getting the topography in proper shape for
rd. By the time the various field sheets had been completed, tne geodetic coor-
tes of the stations in the reach covered by chart No. 3 were ready, and work
begun making projections of the topography on a scale of 1 to 10,000 for the use
tie draftsman in reducing the chart £>r Ihe engraver. These sheets will also
B as the record sheets of the survey. Another season, if sheets with the triangu-
•n projected thereon can be issued in advance to the topographical parties, this
ication of drafting work can probably be avoided. A detoiled statement of the
^ing done in the office will be found in tho report of Assistant Engraver H. von
n, appended, marked F.
PROPOSED WORK.
e work already done will enable chart No. 3 of tho new series to be issued
tly. The next allotment will be expended in extending the triangulation, and,
fficient, in obtaining enough information to permit the publication of chart No.
Phis will require tho topographical and hydrographioal work to be carried down
iver from Sault Ste. Marie. It would be very desirable to have some accurate
letic observations made during the progress of the survey, and it is thought
this can be done at small cost. Everything is now in readiness to push the work
st as the necessary funds become available.
3328 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS^, U. S. ARMY.
CONTRACTS, EXPENDITIJRKS, ETC.
TLo following contract^) have been in forco during the fiscal year:
Contractor.
For-
Date.
Itemarks.
P. M. Church &. Co
Ship cliandlcry and hardware .
( 1 roceries . . . .*
Apr. 27, 1893
... .do .......
Closed Dec. 31. 18M.
Pronzlaner Bros
W)o.
Audrow Hotton
Meats
do
Do.
1
On March 8, 1894, proposals were invited for stationery, ship chandlery and hard-
ware, lumber, meats and ice, groceries, and vegetables. The bids received were pub-
licly opened on March 28, 1894, but contracts have not yet been awarded. The follow-
ing articles of engineer property have been received during the fiscal year, viz : 1 Baff
&. Berger railroad transit, i^o, 245 ; 3 stadia rods for same ; 2 binocular field glasses;
2 Buff &, Berger plane tables, complete; 1 telescope, monocular (lake survey, No. 7)
(since lost by burning of tug Mystic) ; 4 heliotropes ; 2 tripods for same.
The following statement snows the expenditures daring the fiscal year and the
work to which they pertain :
Allotted $20,357.43
Expended : =====
Astronomical work 726. 32
Planning triangulatioii 2, 808. 35
Building stations 4, 344. 14
Measuring angles 2, 793. 13
Topography 6,166.09
Office work 3,442.54
Contingencies 71- ^
Outstanding liabilities 4.93
Total 20,a57.43
KST1M.\TK.
For the continuation of work on the resurvey of St. Marys River $40,000 can bo profi*^
ably expended during the fiscal year ending. June 30, 1896. This is for field work ^^^
office computations alone, and does not include the final drafting of charts, nor <Jo**
it include other work of like character elsewhere oil the lakes. If this amount '**'®/^
appropriated to be available until expended, as is done for other work under "^^
Engineer Department, a great saving both in time and money could be effecto<l *^
the Government, and work would not have to stop in the best part of the seasoOy ^
is now often the case. This method of appropriation has worked so well in the r'i'*'"^
and harbor work of the Corps of Engineers that it would seem very desirable to l*^*'^'
it applied generally to all surveys made by the Engineer Department. ^
The work done during the past fiscal year has shown that very considerablo "-^j
ural and artificial changes have taken place in 8t. Marys River and its shores ^^^''^f.
the forty years that have elapsed since the original survey was made. The ^^^X*^^
tant'e of the river to navigation has increased over a hundredfold during this ^*^**\,I
Where 100,000 tons of freight passed through the river in 1855, over 10,000,000 *^*^|
passed in 1893. The vessels carrying this freight have greatly increased in sizes ^ :
cost; the narrow channels of the river are frequently crowded with them, and ^^*^ .1
dents are by no means rare. Surely such commerce as this is deserving of all th.^ ^
possible. The amount of the estimate ($40,000) is small in comparison to the *^^'^*I
tagcs which would result to this commerce by the early publication of newcl*^* .
showing the channels to be run and the dangers to bo avoided in the difficult u^*
gation of this portion of the greatest commercial waterway of the world. ji
In conclusion, I desire to express my appreciation of the services rendered ^^j I~
employed on the survey during the fiscal year, and particularly by Messrs. ^^^'^^iwj
Haskell, Russell, Von Schon, Molitor, and Balch, who have been in\he charge ot
various portions of the work. I must again express my appreciation of the *'^?^J
courtesies received from the engineers and others employed upon river and l»***i^ *
works in this vicinity, and must again acknowledge my indebtedness to Assi^*'
Engineer E. S. Wheeler for valuable suggestions and advice.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Chaiilks S. RlCIIK,
First Licnl.f Corps of Engineers, U, S. Army*
Col. O. M. PoK, ^
Cor jis of Engineers, U. S. Armi/. t
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APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3329
a.— report ok mr, thomas russkll.
United States Engineer Office,
SauU Sie, Marie, Mich., June 30, 1S94,
Sir : I have tho honor to mako tho following leport on tbo red notion of the observa-
tions for latitude made at Sanlt Ste. Marie, Mich., and for tho difference of longitude
between Sault Ste. Marie and Ann Arbor, Mich., and fur azimuth at the observatory,
Sault Ste. Marie.
Observations for latitude were made by First Lieut. Charles S. Richd. The
observations for longitude were made by First Lieut. Charles S. Richd at Sault Ste.
Idarie, and Prof. Asaph Hall, jr., at Ann Arbor on the first five nights. The observers
then exchanged stations, Prof. Hall observing at Sault Ste. Marie and Lieut.
fiich6 at Ann Arbor on the second five nights. Tho observations for azimuth were
made by Mr. E. E. Haskell, U. S. assistant engineer, on four ^ight8.
LATITUDE.
Tho observations for latitude were made by the Talcott method with zenith tele-
scope, WUrdemann No. 12. The instrument was mounted on tho cast stone pier of
the Lako Survey Observatory'. The focal length of tho telescope is 32 inches, diam-
eter of object glass 2| inches, and magnifying power 42.
The observations were made June 11, 14, 19, and 26, 1893, Mr. F. C. Sheuehon,
U. S. assistant engineer, acting as recorder. On the first night 24 pairs of stars were
observed, 25 on the second and third nights, and 26 on the fourth.
The value of one division of tho level used was 1 division equals 1 minute. The
valuo of 1 revolution of micrometer used was 1 revolution equals 63.483' ' as deter-
mined from the observations on Polaris at ejistern elongation May 20 and 21.
The apparent declinations of the stars were taken, wMiere possible, from the Ber-
liner Astronomisches Jahrbuch list of 622 stars for 1893. For stars not in Berlin
Jahrbuch the places were obtained from the Northern Boundary survey catalogue of
500 stars or the SalTord catalogue of 2,018 stars. The day places were obtained by
computing tho mean places for 1893 from the places for 1875 given in the catalogues,
and applying to them the reductions obtained from the sums of the products Aa',
B(', Cc', and Dd'y with an allowance for the proper motion of the star when appre-
ciable. The factors a', 6', c', d' used, were not those given in the Safford catalogue,
but new ones computed with the mean right ascensions and declinations for 1893.
The star places for the nights of June 11, 19, and 26 were computed by means of
the factors; the places for June 14 were obtained by interpolation from the 11th and
il9tfa.
j Tho stars in Saflford's catalogue are designated by letters according to the accuracy
|with which the star's declination is known. They are :
I Seconds.
iProbable error of declination for star of class AA 0. 18
jl^bable error of declination for star of class A 28
Probable error of declination for star of class B 43
Probable error of declination for star of class C 7
The stars of tho Berlin Jahrbuch and Northern Boundary Survey catalogue were
considered to have the places as well known as stars of chuss A A.
In order to obtain the best valuo for tho latitude in ttiking the means of the results
' llie proper weight must be given to tho various pairs of stars depending on the accu-
Tacy with \.*hich the star places arc known. Suppose a pair has been observed on n
different nights. Then if c is the probable error of a single half difference of zenith
distances of the stars and C\ and e^ the probable errors of their declinations, respec-
tively, tho weight of the mean of the results from this pair will be proportional to: *
4 ' M
A value for e was found by the 'process of comparing the individual results from
**y pair of stars with their mean. From the work of four nights the valuo of e
btained was i 0.70", t from the formula c = 0.67 / [rcl in which [rv] is the sum of
V (n — m)
■o Squares of the residuals, m tho total number of pairs observed, and n the number
f <liflerent pairs.
* R. S. Woodw^ard, U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin, No. 49.
tChauvcnct's Astronomy, Vol. ii, p. 351.
KNG 94 209
3330 REPOfiT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Tho tabic of weights adopted is as follows:
Knmber
ofnichU
pair ii» ob-
MTved.
Weighte
1 for combinations of classes.
AAiuid
A A.
0.98
1.89
2.72
8.51
A A and ■ A A and j ^ ^.^ .
A. j B. *^MdA.
AandB.
BandB.
1
2
3
4
0.96
1.80
2.55
3.23
0.93
1.60
2.34
2.90
0.93
1.72
2.40
2.99
0.90
1.63
2.21
2.70
0.88
1.54
2.05
2.47
The details of the work for latitade are giveu in the following table. The fiist
column gives the date of the observation. The seeond oolumn gives the star nuDi-
ber'and the letter A or B, which is its class designation in the SafTord catalogue;
the letters N. B. indicate Northern Boundary survey catalogue ; the letters B. J. indi-
cate the star place is taken from the Berlin Jahrbuch. The third and fourth columns
give tho star's declination for the dates of obser\''ation. The fifth column gives the
half sum of tho declinations for each pair. The sixth and seventh columns give the
micrometer and level measurements, which together make up the half difference of
zenith distances of the pairs of stars observed. The eighth column gives the cor-
rection for refraction, the ninth coliuui^ the result for latitude, and the tenth colamn
tho weight of the mean.
APPENDIX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3331
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APPENDIX D D D— NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3335
^ ss s
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9
t«flO
at
t4
to
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I*
2S
a
s
^ oo
o
s
?3S
35
S
• •
so
^
ss
«9
11 i
3
s
53
So
■«»
cSo
+ +
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•o —
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■ •
t-o
o<«
00 lA
3'^
IS
25 f.
s
s
S
bft
«
04
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O
+
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a
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♦*
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9
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a
3336 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Tlie means of tbo pairs for latitude ou the different nights arc as follows:
O « II
Juno 11, 24 pairs 46 30 05.74
14, 26 pairs 06.19
19, 25 pairs 06.35
26, 26 pairs 06.71
The weighted mean of the 101 pairs observed ^ives for the latitude of the cast pier,
Sault Ste. Marie Observatory, 46° 30' 06"'.25. The reduction to the west stone pier,
on which the transit instrument is mounted and for which the longitude has been
determined, is -f- 0".02.
The adopted result for latitude of the west stone piei* of the Sault Ste. Marie
Observatory, the origin of coordinates of the resurvcy of the Saint Marys River is
therefore 46^ 30' 06".27 ± 0".08.
LONCiITlDE.
The difierence of longitude between Sault Ste. Marie, Mieh., audAun Arbor, Mich.,
was determined telegraphically from observations made on 10 nights — on the nights
of July 10, 15, 19, 20, and 26, aiid, after exchange of observers, on August 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
and 12.
The instrument used at Sault Ste. Marie during the observations was the WUrde-
maun Transit No. 1. The focal length of telescope is about 31 inches, the clear aper-
ture of the object glass 2\ inches, an,d the magnifying power about 65 diameters.
The transit was mounted on the west stone pier of the observatory. The foot screws
rested on slotted brass plates, securely fastened to the stone pier by hydraulic
cement.
The instrument is provided with a reticule of seven wires. The values of the
wire intervals determined from all the observations of the time work for longitude
are as given below. Separate values were derived for each observer.
•
Equatorial wire inierrals.
["Wiinleman Transit Xo. 1.]
DEDUCTION TO MEAN OF THE WIRES.
[Clamp cnst.]
Wire.
Observer,
Lieut. Rich«\
1
13.814
8.849
4.654
—0. 180
—4. 673
—8. 888
-13.601
I
II
Ill
IV
V
VI
VII
•
•
Observer,
Prof. Hall.
13.827
8.830
4.639
0. 178
-4.637
— «.R74
—13. 614
The value of one division of the striding level is 1 '.00. The mean of all the obser-
vations made for inequality of pivots showed it to be inappreciable and the inequality
adopted was zero.
At Sault Ste. Marie, sidereal clock, Wm. Bond & Sons, No. 256, was used with
break-circuit attachment by T. S. & J. D. Negus, and the electric-mdtor chronograph,
Wm. Bond & Sons, No. 316, run by 6 cells of gravity battery. In observations for
time the mean of 7 wires was used on time stars, and for slow stars 3 wires before
reversal and 4 after.
At Ann Arbor the instrument used in determining time was the Pistor and Martins
meridian circlo of the Detroit Observatory at Ann Arbor. The focal length is 97
inches. The diameter of the object glass is G^ inches. The ma^ifying poAvcrused
was 180. The distance between the wyes is 40.2 inches. Tho pivot of the west end
of axis is greater in diameter by 0.00011 inches than the pivot on the east end, which
corresponds to a correction of --0«.025 to bo applied to the level readings. Tho pivots
are very accurately circular, as determined with a spherometer cali^)er. Tho value
of one division of the hanging level is 1 div. t=:0'.0538. The observations of hanging
level were not used in the final reduction of the time work, but used merely as a
control to indicate any change of level.
The value of one revolution of the micrometer screw ia 1*.3710, as determined from
the interval between wires Bj and Bi .
The wire intervals of the meridian circle for the direct position of the instrument,
which was the one used throughout all the observations for time, are as follows, as
determined from all the observations made for time. Separate values were derived
for each observer.
APPENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3337
Eqnatarial wire interrah.
[Pi-stor anil Martin's mcridiuii circlo of the Detroit Observatory, at Ann Arbor, Mich.]
REDUCTION TO THE MEAX OF THE WIICES.
[Telescope direct.]
Wires.
Observer,
Lient. Kich6,
Al ,
Ai
AS
Bl
Bi
B3
B4
B5
CI
OS
C3
Observer,
Prof. Hall.
».
42.884
39.944
31.161
14. 161
5.618
—0.118
-5.809
-14. 399
—33. 981
—39. 737
—42.733
a.
42.803
39. 919
34.165
14. 171
6.598
-O.llO
—5.796
-14. 377
—33. 997
—39. 739
—42. 677
On liiiio stars tho mean of 11 wires was used; on slow stars, a variable number
of wires on dilfereut nights.
The colUmation of wire B^ was determined by observations on the collimators
north and south of tho instrument. Usually three determinations of the collima-
tion wero made each uight — ono at the beginning, one at tho middle, and one at the
end of the time work. This value being for wire 2?.i, it is reduced to what it would
be for the mean of the wires by the value of tho wire interval.
Tho level and coUimation combined were determined by nadir observations of wire
B-i and tho reflected image over Mercury. Threo determinations of this also were
made each night.
The difference of the two determinations, that is, tho collimation alono from the
collimators and the l<rvcl and coUimation combined ns determined from the nadir
observations, gives a value of the level. Tho observations of tho slow stars directly
over part of the wires and reflected from Mercury over part, give another value of
the level. Tho means of the two values of level thus obtained were used in tho time
redactions, interpolated values being taken according to the time of observation of
the various time stars.
The level determined in this way includes the inequality of pivots, so that there
is no correction to be specially made to the values on account of tho Inetpiality.
Tlie time piece used at Ann Arbor was a Lukcn.s sidereal chronometer. No. 141,
with a Negus break circuit and a Fauth chronograph.
Tho order of observations at Sault Ste. Marie Avas as follows: A slow star was
observed over 3 wires, then telescope reversed and tho star observed when iiossiblo
over 4 wires; the striding level was read before and after reversal. Then G time
stars were observed over 7 wires and the instrument reversed ; tho level was observed
bcforo and after the reversal. Then 6 more stars were observed, then another slow
star over 3 wires, and tho instrument reversed and 4 wires observed after reversal.
A level was taken before and after the reversal.
After tho second slow star, signals were exchanged with Ann Arbor. Tho clock
was put on the main lino twice for at least 2 minutes each time, breaking tho circuit
automatically, the seconds of the 8ault Ste. Marie clock being recorded on the Ann
Arbor chronograph and the seconds of the Ann Arbor chronometer on the Sault Ste.
Marie chronograph, tho zero seconds of each minute being skipped. Two sots of
arbitrary signals were sent from each place extending over 2 minutes, the signals
being recorded on the chronograph at both places. The signals were about 2 sec-
onds apart and were made by the observer or telegraph operator breaking the cir-
cuit with the observing key.
After exchanging signals obsei'vations of stars were made as before signals, begin-
ning with a slow star and a reversal on it, then observing G time stars and reversing
and observing G more time stars and ending with the observation of a slow star and
reversal on it. The observations extended over 4 hours and 25 minutes.
At Ann Arbor the same stars were observed each night as at Sault Ste. Marie.
Tho instrument, however, was not reversed during the period over which tlie obser-
vations for longitude extended.
On the first two nights, July 10 and 1.5, tho star programme u.sed ^vas diflerent from
that used on tho subsequent uight49.
The right ascensions used in the reductions were taken from the Berlin .Tahrbueh.
The two lists of stars used, their declinations, and the star factors A. B, C, for the
two places Sault Ste. Mario and Ann Arbor, are given in the following table:
3338 BEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEEKS, U. S. ARMY.
Star lists and 8tar factors for longitude work.
[Sault Ste. Marie latitude, 4C° 30' 06".27; Auu Arbor latitude, 42° 16' 48".]
FIRST LIST.
Star.
fi Urs. Min.
p LibrtQ
y^ Urs. Min.,
v'Hootis
y Librso ....
a Sorpentift
ft Sorpentis
^'Scorpii...
6 Opbiuchi
Hert'ulift.
P Herculis.
o- Herculis.
ij Herculis.
c Urs. Miu.
i Urs. Min.
100 Hercuiis.
X Dmconis.
a Lvnij
110 Ilercalis.
K Lyne
A AquUse ..
& AquJbc
t Cygni .
0 Cygni .
i Cygui .
a AquilfB
P AquilsB
X Cepbei.
Snult Ste. Marie.
Ann Arbor.
Declinfttion.
• —
.
o
74
/ /I
35 41
^
If
C
3. 70
A
S
—1.77
3.32
■
-2.01
3.16
8
59
0.83
0.57
1.02
0.79
0.64
72
13
-1.43
2.90
3.28
— 1.63
2.8i
41
12
0.12
1.32
1.33
0.02
1.33
—14
26
0.91
0.50
1.04
0.86
0.56
G
46
0.64
0.78
1.01
0.58
0.82
-3
06
0.76
0.65
l.CO
0.71
0.70
—19
31
0.97
0.43
1.06
0.94
0.50
—3
25
0.77
0.64
1.00
0.72
o.m
46
34
0.00
1.46
1.46
—0.11
1.45
21
43
0.45
0.98
1.08
0.38
1.01
42
30
0.10
1.35
1.30
—0.01
1.36
39
08
0.16
1.28
1.29
-0.07
1.29
82
12 47
4.31
5.99
7.38
-4.74
5.66
8C
36 42
—10.90
12.94
16.92
-11.82
12.10
21
43
0.46
0.08
1.08
0.38
1.01
72
41
—1.49
3.02
3.37
—1.70
2.00
38
41
0.18
1.28
1.20
0.08
1.29
i 20
27
U.47
0.96
1.07
0.40
0.99
! 43
48
0.07
1.30
1.30
-6.04
1.39
: -5
03
0.79
0.63
1.01
0.74
0.68
1
2
54
0.69
0.7.3
1.01
0.64
0.78
51
30
—0.14
1.60
1.61
—0.26
1.58
40
58
—0.09
1.55
1.56
—0.21
1.54
44
52
—0.04
1.41
1.41
-0.06
1.41
8
35
0.63
0.80
1.02
0.56
0.64
6
08
0.65
0.77
1.01
0.50
0.8S
77
23 13
-2. 35
3.93
4.58
—2.63
3.75
SECOND LIST.
c Urs. Mill.
71 Opbiucbi
n Hercuiis.
p Dracouis.
( Serp<»ntis
t Hercuiis.
M Hercuiis.
y Di'nconis.
72 0pliiuchi
fi Sagittarii.
77 .Serpent l« ,
X Drncouis.
a Lj-rae
51 n. Cephoi L. C.
A Urs. Min
P Aquilic ...
0 AquiliO
o'Seq. Cypni.
«• Ca|)ricor . . .
y Cypli
0 Cephel
a Cygni
ij Cc])hei
32 Vulpeculae,
V Cygni
V Aquarii
a Equulei
IH. Draco L.C
82 12 47
15 36
36 56
52 23
-15 20
46 04
27 47
51 30
9 33
21 05
2 56
72 41
38 41
87 J2 51
88 58 23
G 08
— 1 08
4G 25
-12 53
39 55
62 38
44 54
61 25
27 30
40 45
-11 48
4 48
81 48 01
—4.31
0.91
0.20
—0.17
0.91
0.00
0.37
—0.14
0.61
0.09
0.77
—1.40
0.18
-f-14. 87
—37.65
0.65
0.74
0.00
0.89
0.15
-0.60
0.03
— 0.i>4
0.37
0.13
0.87
0.07
-i 5.50
5.09 ;
0.49
1.23
1.64
0.49
L44
1.07
1.60
0.81
0.42
0.06
3.02
1.28
41.13
0.77
0.68
1.45
0.52
1.30
2.00
1.41
2.02
1.06
1.31
0.53
0.75
7.38
1*04
1.25
1.64
1.04
L44
1.13
1.61
1.02
1.07
1.01
3.37
1.20
-14.22 —20.58
55.77
1.01
1.00
1.44
1.03
1.31
2.18
1.41
2.10
1.12
1.32
1.03
1.01
—4.740
0.879
0.117
-0.287
0.876
—0.095
0.283
—0.257
0.548
0.958
0.711
-1.700
0.080
+15. 880
-40.580
—0.064
—0.066
0.286
0.035
0.827
0.610
0.55
1.24
1.61
0.56
1.4ft
1.00
1.58
0.85
0.48
0.71
2.90
1.29
-13.08
36.^
0.593
0.82
0.688
0.73
0.105
1.45
0.842
0.50
0.051
1.30
-0.756
2.03
-4.30 -7.01 : -f5.810
1.41
1.98
LOO
1.32
0.00
0.80
—3.93
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3339
Beduction, — The formula used for the reduction of observations with the transit
ioBtrament in the meridian to determine the time is :
a=t'i' Jt-i-Aa-i-Bb-^- C {c -\- ab'n).
a = the right escension of the star.
< = the observed time of star, the mean of 7 or 11 wires.
jji = the clock correction.
a = the instrumental azimuth, minus when the deviation is west of south, plus
when cast of south.
b = the instrumental level, minus when the east end of the pivot r^xis is high,
plus when the west end is hi^h.
c= the instrumental collimation, minus when the mean of the wires is west of
the optical axis and plus when east,
aft-fi = diurnal aberration = —-()».021coe. (p sec. d.
A = the azimuth factor dependent on the position of star = sin. (<p— <5) soc. 8.
Ji = the level factor dependent on the position of the star = cos. (<p— 5) sec. <5.
C ^= the coUimation factor dependent on the position of star = sec. 8.
8 = the declination of the star.
q> = the latitude of the place.
In the reduction of the Sault Ste. Marie observations the collimation was first
derived from the observation of the slow stars. The observation of each wire was
reduced to the mean of the wires by multiplying the equatorial interval by the
secant of the declination of the star and adding it to the observed time. The differ-
euco between the mean of the wires observed with the telescope in the two positions
before and after reversal gives twice the collimation, whica divided by the factor C
for the star gives the instrumental collimation c.
The slow stars give four values for the collimation each ni^ht.
The observed times were corrected for collimation, aberration, and level, and from
the corrected times was derived by the method of least squares the most probable
value of the clock correction, the clock rate during the time of observation, and the
instrumental azimuth.
The form of the observation equation for the reduction by least squares is :
Aa'{-Bp-{-Jto-{-{t'a—) = v.
R = the interval in hours between the time of observation of the star and the epoch
or instant to which the clock correction Jt^ applies, which is taken as the
mean of the times of all the stars.
p =^ the hourly rate of the clock, plus when losing, minus when gaining.
^ =the azimuth factor of the star.
a=:tho instrumental azimuth.
At„ = thG clock correction at the epoch, minus when fast, plus when slow.
t' = the observed time of the star corrected for collimation, aberration, and level.
V = the residual due to unavoidable error of observation.
Where there is more than one azimuth used during the night the azimuths are
indicated by a' a", etc.
Each observation equation was weighted according to the number of wires over
which the star was observed and the accuracy with which its transit can be deter-
termined. A fast moving star can be observed more accurately than a slow one.
The weight unity was given to a star observed at Sault Ste. Marie over 7 wires
and for which the declination is less than 45^. For a star observed at Ann Arbor
the weight unity was given to 11 wires for declinations less than 45^.
The formula for the weight used in the case of incomplete transits less than 7 or
11 wires is:
J>= E2
p = the weight.
E\ = the probable error of culmination reduced to the equator.
^=the probable error of transit over a single thread.
^=the number of wires to which the weight unity is assigned, 7 or 11.
n = the number of wires actually observed.
The value adopted for JB, is -i-0».049. The value of E for Wiirdemann Transit No. 1
is taken as ^O'.OSO. From this follows the weights used for various numbers of wires.
Wiirdemann Transit No. 1,
Nuuilior of wire* observed.
4 ' 0.82
5 90
C I .9.5
7 i 1. 00
3340 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
For the iustrument at Aun Arbor the weights derived by a similar formula were
adopted as given by the Coast Survey for large portable transits (report for 1880,
Appendix No. 14, p. 39).
PxHtor and Martin^H meridian circle, Detroit Observalorif at Ann Arbor, Jtiich.
Number of i
wires 1
observed. |
!; Number of
I wires
'- observeil.
I 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
0.44
.64
.75
I
7.
8.
0.
.82 i 10.
.87 ' 11.
.00 I
0.03
.00
.07
.00
1.00
The weights for stars dependent on the declination are taken as inversely propor-
tional to the squares of the probable errors of transit over a single thread, the weisht
for a transit at the equator bcin^ taken as unity. The formula according to which
the probable error e increases with the declination 6 is:
f = i (0.06)2 _^ (0.049)^ sec- d I ^
OS given in the Coast Survey report.
The tables 1 to 40 following contain the details of the observations on the various
nights. There are two tables for each night's work. In the first table the first col-
umn gives the name of the star; where the letters L. C. occur it indicates the star
was observed at lower culmination, that is, below the pole. The second column
gives the position of telescope, clamp east or west; the third gives the uaiuber
of wires observed; the fourth the instrumental level; the fifth the correctiou for
level ; the sixth the correction for coUimation and aberration ; the seventh the cor-
rection for azimuth; the eiglith the correction for rate; the ninth the mean of the
wires observed; the tenth the right ascension; the eleventh the clock correction;
the twelfth the residual, the computed minus the observed, multiplied by the square
root of the weight. The second table for each night gives the observation equa-
tions, there being one equation for each star observed. The first term of the equa-
tion is the azimuth, the second the rate, the third the clock correction, and the last
the numerical term. The second side of the equation is the residual, which is the
unavoidable error of observation.
In the time observations at Sault Ste. Marie the azimuth of the transit instrument
did not usually remain constant during the night. The reductions were made with
two or more azimuths where the observations showed an undoubted change. On
July 10 two azimuths were used, the least square reduction giving the azimuths
fl= — 1».876 for the first half of the night and o'= — 2^663 for the second half; July
15 one azimuth was sufficient o= — 2\139; July 19 two azimuths were derived a=
— 1^083, and a— — 1».497 ; July 20 one azimuth was used a— — 2«.034 ; July 26 four
azimuths were derived rt= 4-0M83,a'= —0^077, a"= — 0'.647, and a'"= — 0*.958;
August 6 there are two azimuths a= — 0*.746, a'= — 1".062; August 7 one azimuth
«= — 0'.701; Augusts one azimuth «== — •0».823; August 9 one azimuth a = — 0«.596;
August 12 three azimuths a= — 0\288, a'= — 0'.579, a"= — 0^896.
In the Ann Arbor time determinations a single value for the azimuth was used for
eicli niglit in all the reductions. The large change of azimuth between the nights
of July 20 and July 26 from a = + 0'.023 to a =— 0\822 is due to adjustment of the
instrument. The azimuths being largo necessitated using the azimuth factors A in
yie observation equations to three places of decimals.
In the observation equations, for Jto is substituted a number of whole seconds plus
d (r> the fractional part of the second, in order to have the numbers small in multi-
plying and forming the normal equations.
• Table 41 gives a resumd of the determinations for coll imation for cachin.strument.
Table 42 gives a resume of the results of observations for time.
Table 43 contains the details of comparisons of dock at Sault 8tc. Marie and
chronometer at Ann Arbor. For each night's work 6 sets of signals each way were
taken, usually 15 signals in a set. Three sets of the signals were taken from the
automatic clock signals and three sets from the arbitrary signals made by hand. On
the nights of July 26 and August 8 the clock and chronometer beats were so nearly
coincident that exact estimates of the times could not be made.
Table 44 contains a r«5sumc of the result« of the exchange of signals for diflTercnce
of longitude.
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3341
Tablk 1. — Time determination, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., July 10, 1803.
[First Lieut. Cliorles S. Rich6, observer.]
Star.
(I Urs. Min
P Vtb. Min
fi Librae
Y •Urn. Min
r*Bootis...
•ylabne
a Serpentis .
|i Serpentis .
^'Scorpii.
iCh»hiuchi
rHerculis.
^ Herculin .
vUercalis.
n Uerciiliii .
£
£
E
£
K
E
E
W
W
W
W
AV
W
3
3
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Bh.
i. 8.
—0. 10—0. 32
tUrs.Min W
Rp.
». «. 8
-l.G5j i 3.32—0.36
+ 0. 07 +0. 23 + 1. 55 4- 3. 32.— 0. 36
j0.04
T
0.02
-f 0. 01 +0. 04
0. 00 0. 00
0. 00 0. 00
—0.02—0.021 +0.34
+0.34— 1.571-0.31
+ 1.10+ 2.66;— 0.29
+0. 44 — 0. 23—0. 28
+0.35— 1.69—0.27
— 1.21—0.25
Clock time
of transit
h. m. 8.
14 50 52. 3
11 50 48.6
Hij(lit aa
ccnsiou
Clock
correc-
a.) tion
/St.
k. m. 8. \ 8.
14 51 01.63+11.3
—0.08—0.041 —0.38 —
-0.09—0.06' —0.36 —
-0. 10—0. 15, —0. 531
—0.11—0.11, —0.39'—
—0.12—0.171 —0.49'—
—0.13—0.17; -0.471-
cUiiB. Min
E
—0. 04'^0. 021 +0. 33 — 1. 43 —0. 24
1.82—0.21
1. 44'— 0. 18
0.00—0.17
0. 85—0. 14
0. 17 —0. 131
0.31—0.12'
I
8. 09—0. 08
8.09'— 0.08
15 10 06.
15 20 41.
15 26 55.
15 20 23.
15 38 50.
15 43 53.
20
78
22
86
85
80
3—0.17— L 03
3—0. 02 —0. 15.
-2.61'h
+2.40H
<Urs. Min E
« Urn. Min ! W
KSHercnltn
X Draconifl
a LvTse
llOHerculis.
R Lyra*
A AqnilflQ..
XAqniLe..
• Cygni . . .
• Cygni ..
aCygni ..
« AquJlae .
fi Aquilse .
Sr Cephei.
XCephei.
W
W
W
W
W
W
E
£
E
E 1
E
£
E
W
3—0.04— 0.50]
41—0.08—1.07
I ! !
7-0.10—0.10
7—0. 11— 0.34
7J— 0. 14—0. 18
71- 0. 10—0. 15
7j_0. 191—0. 26;
7!— 0. 21'— 0. 13!
+ 5.711+29.03
—6.19+29.03
I
—0.39;— 1.20
—1.22+ 3.95
—0.47- 0.46
-0.39— 1.25
-0. 501-
—0. 37:—
0.17
2.09
—0.06—0.05!
—0. 07:- 0. 12i
7—0, 08—0. 12
7'— 0.09-0.12
7j_0. 09—0. 07
7—0. 10—0. 07
-1-0.34— 1.84
3-0.10-0.41
3+0.01+0.05
+0.54; +
+0. 52, +
+0. 47 -
+0.34 —
+ 0.34 —
0.37
0.25
0.11
1.65
L73
+0. 08
+ 0.08
i
+ 0.11;
+ 0.12
+ 0.14
i 0.16
+ 0.18
+0. 20
+O.24I
+0.26
+ 0.27,
+0. 29
+0.30
+0. 31
fl.l9i+ 0.26+0.36
— L3i:+ 6.26:+0.36
15 59 05. 17
16 08 36. 15
16 16 22. 09{
10 25 28.37
16 30 30. 16
16 38 04. 62
16 56 45.1 i
16 56 39. 3
18 06 18. 9
18 06 31. 4
18 19 00.10
18 22 48. 97
18 33 00. 07
18 40 55.34
18 51 55.77
19 03 26. 74
19 19 58. 05
19 26 49. 48
19 33 24. 06
19 41 27. 49
19 45 25. 31
19 49 55. 28
20 12 15.0
20 12 17. 1
15 11 16. 83 +12. 15
15 20 57.56| + 12.27
15 27 07.33|+12.18
15 29 34.49+12.24
15 39 01.86+12.15
15 44 04. 18 +U. 74
I
15 59 15.12+12.40
16 08 46.44+12.33
16 16 .33.761+12.52
16 25 39. 37 +12. 49
16 30 41.58
10 39 16. 04
16 57 03. 28
Clock correction at 17.5 hoars: Clock time. +12.194; honrlj- rate, + 0.134
Collimation = c, clam}) E.
s.
P Urs. Min +0.426
c Urs. Min... +0.339
8 Urs. Min +0.352
X Cephoi +0.273
M<*an i 0.348
^*i'"°th \ -J;8j;
+ 12.38
fl2.49
+13.8
(CO. —
ob.).
8.
+0.38
+0.04
-O.04
+0.01
—0.03
+0.04
+0.45
—0.21
—0.14
-0.23
—0.30
—0.19
—0.30
—0.40
18 19 10.72+12.20
18 23 02.95+11.47
18 33 21.41
18 41 03. 81
18 52 07. 22
19 00 36.84
+ 12.41
+12.10
+12.20
+12,49
—0.01
+0.35
—0.22
+0.09
— O.OI
—0.80
19 20 08.74+12.00+0.19
19 27 03.05;+12.52— 0.27
10 33 36.81+11.83 +0.30
19 41 40.28+12.26-0.07
19 45 36. 24' +12. 01 '+0. 18
10 50 05.0li+U.78+0.41
20 12 33.04+10.0
+0.58
3342 REPORT OF THE CHIEP OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 2. — Observation equations, Sauli Ste, Marie, 2dich., July 10, 1S9S.
[Epoch, 17.5 hoars, clock time. AC = -f 12.00 + S#.]
P 1 P
-^l.lla —2. 66? + 3^-2.30= 170. 18 — 10.90*' +0.«Op-f «fl -27. 12 = w0.011
.+ 0.834a
— 1.420O
-f 0.123a
+ 0.903a
+ 0. 044a
4- 0. 783a •
+ 0.96Da-
4- 0.768a
—0.002a.
+ 0.451a ■
+ 0. OOla
+ 0.105a
-2.33p + W + 1.73:
-2. 18p + a9-.2.64:
2.0(^ + 89 + 0.33:
-2.02p + /l«+1.72:
.1.86p + W + 1.31:
■ 1. 78p + S9 + 1. 93 :
■ l.53p + W + l,63:
■ 1.36p+49 + 1.29
1.24p + W^0.35
-l.O8p + £0 + O. 50
-l.OOp + M-0. 08
-0.88^ + 60 — 0.08
1
0.24
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.
1
1
1
= 0.74
— 4. 31 a - 0. 56p + i« — 9. 77
0.06
+ 0.451a' +0.81p + M+ 0.89= 1
— 1.483a' + 0,87p + W— 3.54= 0.23
+ 0.174o' + 1.0lp + W— 0.00= 1
+ 0.469a' + 1.17p + «*+ 0.90= 1
+ 0.065a' + 1.36p + M~ 0.21= 1
+ 0.788a' + 1.50p + M+ 1.40= 1
+ 0.601a' + 1.82p + M+ 1.60= 1
— 0.140a' + 1.94p + W~ 1.15= 0.67
— 0.094a'+2. 05p + W— 0.35= 0.«9
+ 0,040a' + 2. 18p + W— 0.44= 1
+ 0.e22a'+2.25p + ^9+ 1.34= 1
+ 0.657o'+2.3^+^«+ l.W= 1
— 2. 35 a ' + 2. 70p + «fl - 5. 23 = 0. 13
Xormal equations.
[+6.46]a — 8.08 p+ 4.70 <0 + 12.28 = O
[+ 4. 03]a' + 5. 01 p+ 3. 02 M + 11. 75 = 0
— 8.08a +5.91a' +[63.301p— 0.11 W— 7.92 = 0
+ 4.79a +3.02a' — 0.11 p+[21.963 W+12.73 = 0
Iiesu1l9.
M.
.W = + 0.194
•p = + 0.184
a' = — 2.663
a=~1.876
APPENDIX D D D — IIOHTHEBN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3^343
Table 3.— Tivr determination, Sault Sie. Marie, Mich., July 15, 1895.
[First Lieut. Chari<*A {ft. Bich6, observer.]
SUr.
CI.
$ Urs. Min.
^ Urs. Min .
0 Libra)
y "Uni. &£in
I >Bootl&
y Libra)
a Serpentis
M Serpentis
fi 'Scorpii
1 C>nhiiicbi
r Hercnlis
^ Hercnlis
V Hercnlis
i| Hercnlis
c Urs. Min
« Urs. M.in
I Urs. Min
I Urs. Mm
K9 Hercnlis
X Dmvonis
a Lyne
110 Hercnlis
It Lyrtb ..........
A Aquilso
« Aqnil£D .
• Cyifni...
tf CVgni...
I Cygnl...
a AquilsD .
IS Aquilo) .
X Cephei
X CVpbei B
E
W
TV
W
W
W
"W
W
E
E
£
E
£
E
E
W
W
E
£
£
E
£
E
E
W
W
W
A o
Bb.
9. 9.
0.00-0.01
-0. 11 -0. 37
— 0. 13 —0. 07
— O.U-0.42
—0. 15 -0. 20
— 0. 15 —0. 07
— O.IB
—0.17
+0.01
0.00
—0.01
—0.02
-0.12
—0.11
+ 0.01
0.00
—0.02
—0.02
7—0. 03 —0. 04
7_jO,04'— 0.05
3-0.05!— 0.29
4! 0. 00—0. 01
3+0.08 1 1,03
4+0.08+1.03
71+0.08+0.07
7 10.07 +0.22
7+0.07 ^^ 0.0ft
7+0.081+0.07
7+0.06; + 0.08
71 + 0.06 4 0.03
+ 0.04
+ 0.02
0.00
—0.02
—0.02
—0.03
—0.04
—0.12
I 0.03
+ 0.03
0.00
1 0.02
I 0.02
0.03
—0.17
—0.45
C.
(C.+
sbn.).
Aa.
Rp.
9. 9. 9.
+0.40+ 3.79—0.06
— 0.50 i- 3.79—0.06
—0.25
-0.80
—0.32
-0.25
—0.25
—0.24
+0.23
+0.22
+0.32
+0.23
+0.29
+0.28
+2.30
-2.50
—6.03
+5.56
+0.23
+0.73
+0.78
+0.23
+0.30
+ 0.22
—0.25
-0. 39
—0.38
—0.34
—0.25
-0.25
—0.66
iU.54
L 781 —0.05
3.04—0.05
0.26—0.04
1.93—0.04
1.38-0.04
— L63— 0.04
2.07
L64
0.00
0.97
0.19
0.35
9.22
-0.03
—0.03
—0.03
—0.02
— 0. 02
-0.02
—0.01
+ 9.22—0.01
+23.33
+23.33
+
0.07
3.17
0.37
LOO
0.14
L68
L48
0.30
0.20
0.09
L33
L30
+ 5.03
A- 5.03
+0,01
+ 0.01
+0.02
+0.02
+0.02
+0.03
+ 0.03
+0.03
+ 0.04
+0.04
+ 0,04
+ 0.05
I 0.05
-i 0. 05
Clock time
of transit
=t.
Rig^bt as-
cension = a.
(CO. —
ob.).
A. fn. 9.
14 50 49.2
11 50 60. 5
15 11 07.68
15 20 44.09;
15 27 48. 97|
15 29 25. 711
15 38 52.25
15 43 54. 97i
15 59 05. 87|
16 08 36. 64'
16 16 22.37i
16 25 28. 63
16 30 29. 76
16 39 04.55
16 56 40. 4
16 56 44.9
18 06 3L3
18 06 19.7
18 19 00. 06
18 22 47. 73
18 33 09. 79
18 40 55. 20
18 51 55. 74
19 00 27. 17
19 19 59. 33
19 26 52. 17
19 33 26. 19
19 41 29. 52
19 45 26. 45
19 49 56. 49
h. tn. 9.
14 51 Oi. 27
+0.13
15 11 16.79 +1L 26 —0.03
15 20 57. 26 +11. 40—0. 08
15 27 07.25{+n.06+0.17
^0.06, 20 12 18.6
+ 0. 06 20 12 17. 0
15 29 34.46
15 39 0L83
15 44 04. 15
15 59 15. 10
10 08 46. 42
16 16 33. 68
16 25 39. 34
16 30 41.51
16 39 15. 08
16 57 02.70
18 07 01. 98
+ n.04+0.19
+11.37—0.14
+ n. 20 +0.03
+ 1L09
+1L23
+ 11.04
+ 11.49
+ 1L71
+11.57
i 11.1
+12.3
18 19 10.73 +11.32
18 23 02.83 ^10.96
18 33 21.41 { ILOO
18 41 05.83 fll.30
18 52 07.23 fn.22
19 00 36.89 +11.12
10 20 08. 79
10 27 03. 07
19 33 36. 85
19 41 40. 32
19 45 86. 30
19 50 05. 07
20 12 33. 07
4-n.l2
+ 10.92
+ 10.80
+ 11. 10
+ 11.36
+ 1L04
+ 10.2
+0.14
0.00
+0.16
-0.26
—0.48
—0.36
+0.02
— O.U
-0.09
+0. 13
-0.37
— 0. 07
+0. 01
+0.11
iO.ll
+ 0.25
10.30
1 0.07
—0.13
t 0. 19
+0. 32
Cluck correction at 17.5 hours : Clock time, i 11.232 ; hourly rate, +0.022.
CoU\mation^=x;, clamp C.
9.
^ Urn. Min +0. 120
c Urs. Min + 0. 325
i Urs. Min +0.343
X Cephei f 0. 131
Mean -i 0. 230
Azimuth —2. 139
3344 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 4. — Observation equations, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., July 15, 189S.
[Kpoch, 17.5 Lours, clock time. At = 11.00 \- iB.]
— 1.77 a— 2. 6Cp + a« — 3.66=00.18
+ 0. 834a
.— 1.420rt
f0.123a.
-h 0.903a -
+ 0.644a
-h 0. 763a
+ 0.969a -
+ 0. 766a
— 0.002a.
+ 0. 451a
+ 0.001a
+ 0. leSa-
.S.SSp-j 6«+1.57:
-2. 18p + 5^ — 3.39:
2. OOp+ae + O. 24:
-2.02p-h«fl + 1.93:
-1.8Gp + 88 + 1.05:
- 1. 78p + 55 h 1. 47 :
.1.53p + «fl-^ 2.01:
-1.36p {-«(? + 1.44:
.1.24p^ 5«— 0.01:
-1.08p + «a + 0.50:
-1.00p + 6tf— 0.50:
-0.86p + «tf— 0.20:
1
0.24
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.74
1
1
1
— 10. 90 o i 0. 60p + «tf - 21. 7 ^ r 0. Oil
+
+
+
0. 451a + 0.
1. 483a H- 0.
0. 174a + l.
0. 469a + 1.
0. 0e5a + 1.
0. 78ea + 1.
0.691a + l.
0. 140a i 1.
0.004a I 2.
0. 040a -f 2.
0.622a 1 2.
0.651a ! 2.
81p + W -\-
87p + «(? —
04p + aff —
17p + 6fl +
36p + 5fl —
50p f IB +
82p + W f
94p + a^_
05p }-5• —
18p^-6^—
25p + 16 -i
32p + 8ff +
0. 63 =
3.15 =
0.25 =
0.67 =
o:ii=
1.53 =
1.32 =
0.26 =
0.04 =
12
0.02
1.30
0.12=
I
0.23
1
1
1
1
1
0.07
0.09
1
1
1
— 4.31 a — 0.56p + ««— 9.30 = 0.06 ; — 2.35 a + 2.70p + a«— 4.34 = 0.13
Xormat equations.
[+11.39]a— 2.17p , 7.816«i 22.60 = 0
— 2.17 a [+63.301P— 0.11 6B— 5.99 = 0
+ 7. 81 a —0. llpt 1 21. 95] 66 -{- 11. 61 = 0
liesulte.
66
P
a:
t.
: \ 0. 232
: + 0. 022
— 2.139
APPENDIX I> D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3345
' Tablk 5. — Time th'terminaiion, SauU Ste, Maries Mich., July 19, 1893,
(First Lieut. Charles S. Kich6, obaerver.]
HtAT.
eUrB.Min
tUrs.Min
i| Ophiachi
vHercnlia
0'DrwoojnH
{ Serpentis
iHercnliD <
ft Hercnlia
vDraconis
TzOphiochi
itSagittarii
9 Serpentis
X Draconis
• Lyras
61 H. Cephei L. C
SI H. Cephei L. C
AUrs. Min
AUrs. JUin
llAqulLc
• Aqoile
•>Seq. Cyi^ni
a*Capricor
yCygni
CCephei
aCyjrni
9 Cephei
32ynlpec
rCygBl.
r Aqnarie
m. Equalie
1 H. Drac. L. C .
iH.Drac. L. C.
W
£
W
W
W
W
vr
W
W
£
E
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
£
E
£
£
£
£
E
W
CI. jSS
E
7
£
7
£
7
£
6
£
7
E
7
^5.
a
(c. I
abn.)'
Aa.
Itp.
9. I t. t.
_-4).04— 0.24— 3.31
+0.02+0.14 1 3.10
8. »
4. 671—0. 09
4, 67 —0. 09
+0.01+0,01
0.00-0.01
— 0. 04'— 0. 07
—0. 05'— 0. 03
— 0. 07' -0. 10
—0. 09—0. 09
+
+
+
+
-I-
0.34 —
0.4l!—
0.54 1-
0.34!—
0.481 f
0.99
0.23
0.18
0.09
0.01
-0.10
-0.10
-0.10
-0.11
-0.11
0.11
3-0.11
4+0.03
—0.16
- 0. 08
—0.04
—0.07
—0.33
—0.14
0. 37 — 0. 39
0.58
0.37
0.38
0.36
1.21
0.46
4—0. 03
— 0. 06—0. 04
+1.60+ 0.84
—0. 47 — 6. 26
I
— 3.58 f 18.50
3!_0.05— 2.18— 20.07
0.36
0.36
0.52
0.37
0.47
— 0.78
+0.47
4 0. 60
+0.37
+0.44
+ 0.34
+ 0.33
7
7
7
7
-0.07
—0.08
—0.08
—0.09
—0.10
7—0.08
7—0. 09
7—0.10
—0.10
—0.11
—0.12
—0.05
—0.11
—0.04
— 0. 11 i-
—0.21
—0.11
—0.18
—0.10
—0.13
—0.06
—0.09
-0.12 i 0.54— 1.85
0.04+0.17 + 2.05
+ 0.15
— 0.66
— 1.07
— 0.82
r 1.60
— 0.10
—0.08
—0.08
— 0. 07
—0.06
—0.06
—0.06
—0.05
-0.04
-0.04
—0.04
-0.03
—0.02
Clock time
of transit
—t.
h. ffl. 9.
16 56 52.0
16 56 45.3
17 04 07.82
17 11 11.22
17 27 53.18
17 31 20.97
17 36 18.52
17 42 08.6;i
Right as-
ccn8ion=a.
Clock
correc-
tion
-16.14 -0.01
-16.14'-0.01
17 64
18 02
18 07
03.42
09.98
16.13
18 15 40.13
18 22 52.37
18 33 12.40
18 50 05.1
18 50 20.3
h. fn. 9.
16 57 02.19
17 01 16.88
17 11 21.52
17 28 03.43
17 31 30.18
17 36 29.13
17 42 18.61
17
18
18
18
18
16
54
02
07
15
23
33
09.81
19.04
24.72
48.92
02.70
21.40
53 05.20
9.
9.1
+ 9.78
+ 10.21
+ 9.67
+ 9.95
+10.28
+ 10.15
+10.03
+10.21
+10.12
+ 10.08
+ 10.30
\- 9.81
(CO. —
ob.).
9.
+ 0.22
+0.24
—0.19
+ 0.28
i0.07
-0.15
-0.13
—0.01
-0.19
--0.10
-4). 06
—0.14
+0.21
+56.36+0.01 19 29 34.8
+ 56. 361 +0.01 1 19 30 11.9
0.83
1.11
0.00
+
+0.03
+0.04
+0.04
1.32+0.04
0.22+0.04
0.90+0.05
— 0.06
+ 0.81
— 0.55
— 0.20
— 1.30
19 30 52.40
7.8 {0.18
6.4+0.11
19 49 57.34 19 50 06.01 + 9.87+0.15
20 05 41.08 20 05 49.68' 1-10.08-0.06
20 10 08.92 20 10 18.19:+ 9. 86! +0.14
12 01.47 20 12 09.03+10.15—0.13
20 18 25.71+10.05—0.03
20 27 49.81 1-10.09—0.05
20
20 18 16.42
20 27 39.76
+0.06 20 37 38.87
+ 0.0620 42 58.27
+O.O6I2O 49 52.63
+ 10.21—0.19
} 9.71 +0.22
20 37 49.44
20 43 09.36
20 60 02.36 + 9.95+0.07
+0.07 20 53 O3.07|20 53 13.38+ 9.87+0.15
+0.07 21 03 39.72 21 03 48.71 i 9.94 i 0.08
— 1.00+0.08 21 10 21.7321 10 30.99 h 9.94+0.08
- 8.2:i
+0.09 21 21 46.8
— 8. 23 +0 09 21 21 43. 2
9 21 46.58+ 9.3 1+0.18
I
Clock correction at 19.2 hoan; clock time, +10.019; hourly rate, | 0.030.
CoUimation = c, clamp E,
9.
«Ur«. Min. +0.434
61 <;eph. L. C +0 318
A Urs. Min iO.345
1 H. Drac. L. C +0.278
Mean +0.344
A«mutb Ji:J;Jg
ENG 94-
210
3346 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table $. — Obaer cation efjnaiiona, SauU Sie, Marie f Mich.j July 19, 189S.
[Epoch, 10.2 hours; clock time. A<=-f 10*.00+M. ]
4.31a — 2.33p + W— 3.70=p0.
+ 0.91Sa
+ 0.208a
— o.iesa
+ 0.914a
— 0.011a
+ 0.363a
2.11p + W+l-29 =
2. 00pH-«tf +0. 10 =
1.71p + M+0. 22 =
1.66p4-aff + l. 10 =
1.57p-|rM — 0.23 =
1.48p+W + 0.30 =
^1.28p4- W-0.13 =
— 1. 15p + M4 0.49 =
— l.Oep -!-«• + 0.99 =
— 0.92p -1-8^ -f 0.78 =
— 0.80p + W— 1.87 =
— 0. 63p4-W + 0.40 =
4 U.880 — 0.35p-f-M+18.*~
■I-
+
0. 140a
O.GlOa
0.901a
0. 761a
1.482a
0.174a
0.06
— 37.65a ' + 0.33p+W-
52.7 =
P-
r 0.001
1
1
0.65
O.ftS
0.75
1
+ 0.«51o' + 0.65p-H«# +
+ 0.73»a' + 0.92p + a# +
— a002a'-i-0.99p4-M +
+ 0.8»4a' + 1.02p + atf +
+ 0. 146a ' + 1. 13p + «fl +
— 0. 604a ' + 1. 28p.+ atf —
0.93 =
0.90 =
0.10=
1.13 =
0.13 =
1.04ir^
1
1
0.74
1
1
0.4a
0.67
1
1
1
0.23
1
-1- 0. 039a ' 4- 1. 45p + a* —
— 0.538a' + 1.54p + atf_
+ 0.365a'-f-1.65p-f-a« +
+ 0.132a' +1.710 + W +
+ 0.86«a' + 1.88p + '^ +
-f 0.e6«a' + l.»9p + a« +
0. 21 =
0.58 =
0.54^
0.00 —
1.29 =
0. 98 =
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
0.007
■f 5.50a ' + 2.18p + atf +
8.88--
0.00
formal equations.
[+C97Ja — 5.75 p -f 4.19 a#+ 7.71 = 0
[+6.e6]a' + 5.07 p + 4.25 M ■\- 9.66=0
— 5.75a +5.97a '[+43.971P +0.19 B9 -^ 1.21=0
+ 4.10a +4'25a ' + 0.19 p[+ 21.06189 + 10.33 = 0
ReaulU.
It.
a»= + 0.019
p = + 0.039
a'=— 1.497
a=~1.083
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3347
Tablk 7. — Time determination, SauU Ste. Marie, Mich., July 20, 1893.
[First Lieut. Charles S. Ricli6, observer.]
Star.
t Urs. Min
< TJrs. Min
Ophiachi.
Herculis .
Drftconis.
SerpontiB.
Herculis .
iJercalis .
y Drskconifl .
72 Ophiuchi.
$k Sagittarii
H Serpentis.
X DraconJs.
a L^'rse
51 H.Ccph.L.C..
51 H. Ceph. L. C . . .
p Aqaiisc . . .
0 Aquilas . . .
o*Seq.Cygiii
a*Capricor .-
y Cyirni
B Cephei
a Cygni . .
i| Cephei ..
32 Tiupec . ,
V Cygni ...
y Aqiuuie
a Equalei
1 H. Drac. L. C .
1 H. Drac. L.C.
CI. BX
£
W
W
w
w
w
w
E
E
£
E
£
E
£
AUr8.Min W
XUrs-Min E
£
£
£
E
£
£
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
£
cr
5?^
3
I
7
7
7
7
7
7
t.
.0.03
O.Jl
—0.10
—0.09
-0.07
». t.
-0.18,^- 1.39
-0.66— 1.60
— 0. 05
—0.11
—0.11
-0. 06 —0. 03 —
_0. 05—0. 08
—0.04—0.04
0.31
0.38
0.49
0.31
0.43
0.34
7 +0. 04; i 0.06; 4- 0.44
7 f 0.02 +0.01'+ 0.28
7+0.01 0.00 + 0.29
7! 0. 00 0. 00 \- 0. 27
7_0.01-0.04 + 0.92
7 _0. 03—0. 04 + 0. 35
4-0. 041 +0.50— 5.31
3 +0.03' -0.261+ 5.89
—0.29—17.89
3—0.01
4+0.05
7|+0.05
7. +0.06
7| h0.07
7; +0.07
7: +0.07
7+0.08
+ 2.06
+ 16.32
+0.04
+ 0.04
+ 0.10
+ 0.03] +
+ 0.09 +
+0. 16 +
- 0. 01 —0. 01
+ 0.02+0.04
+ 0.04 +0.04
+ 0.05+0.06
0.27
0.27
0.39
0.28
0.36
0.59
+
-}0.
+ 0.
08
10
0. 04 —
iO.OTj
0.42
0.C3
0.34 —
0.40 —
0.31 —
0.30 —
+ 8.77
+ 8. rn
+
+
+
1.86
0.42
0.34
1.86
0.02
0.74
0.28
1.24
2.01
1.55
3.01
0.35
Jifi.
—30.25
—30.25
+ 76.58
+76.58
— 1.32
— 1.50
0.00
— 1.80
— 0.30
+ 1.23
fO.ll— 0.47 + 2.65
.0.08
1.09
0.74
0.27
1.77
1.36
—11. 19
+ 0.06—0.26— 2.45—11.19
9.
+0.06
+ 0.06
+0.05
+ 0.05
+0.04
+ 0.04
+0.04
+ 0.04
+0.03
+ 0.03
+ 0.03
+ 0.02
+ 0.02
+ 0.02
+0.01
+ 0.01
—0.01
—0.01
—0.02
—0.02
—0.02
—0.02
— 0. 03
-0.03
—0.04
— 0 04
—0.04
—0.04
-0.05
—0.05
—0.05
—0.05
Clock time
of transit
K m. 9.
16 50 43. 8
16 56 47. 3
17 04 09. 06
17 11 12.52
17 27 53. 96
17 31 22. 26
17 36 19. 49
17 42 09. 58
17 53 59. 14
18 02 09. 87
18 07 16. 48
18 15 40. 23
18 22 49. 87
18 33 11.09
18 50 31. 4
18 50 21.0
19 29 36. 3
19 28 59.8
19 40 56. 95
20 05 40. 94
20 10 07. 45
20 12 01. 76
20 18 15. 24
20 27 37. 91
20 37 39. 82
20 42 58. 93
20 49 53. 36
Right as-
ceu8ion=a.
h. m. 9. 9.
16 57 02. 07 + 8. 2
Clock
correc-
tion
At.
17 04 16.
17 11 21.
17 28 03.
17 31 30.
17 36 29.
17 42 18.
96+10.07
51 + 9.85
411+ 9.67
181 + 10.08
12| + 10.12
62! + 10. 12
17 54 09. 80 ^- 0. 85
18 02 19.04+10.09
18 07 24. 72 I 9. 93
18 15 48. 92
18 23 02. 67
18 33 21. 40
6 5a 05. 41
+ 9.95
+ 8.89
+ 10.33
I 9.0
(ro. —
ob.).
i 0.45
—0.07
+ 0.15
+ 0.27
—0.08
—0.07
—0.12
+ 0.12
—0.09
+ 0.07
+ 0.05
+ 0.53
—0.33
r0.06
19 30 52,12+17.4
—0.22
I i
19 50 06.02+10.10—0.10
20 05 49.69+ 9.96+0.04
20 10 18.20 +10.28'— 0.24
20 12 09. 94 + 0. 69
20 18 25.72+10.36
+ 0.31
—0.36
20 27 49.82+ 9. 96' +0.03
20 37 49.451 + 10.18- 0.18
20 43 09.37:+ 9.98+0.01
20 50 02. 37; +10. 09 —0. 00
20 53 03. 91] 20 53 13. 39 +10. 13 -0. 13
21 03 40.86! 21 03 48.73 + 0.96+0.04
21 10 22.74 21 10 31.01 + 9.91+0.09
21 21 47. 1
21 21 52. 0
9 21 46. 56 +
8.5
+ 0.38
Clock correction at 19.2 hours; clock time, + 10.003; hourly rate, —0.024.
CoHimation = c, clamp E.
8.
< Urs.Min +0.203
5lCoph. L.C +0.272
vTrs. Min +0.306
1 U. Drac. L.C +0.364
Mean i 0. 286
Azimuth —2.034
3348 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Ta-BLK 8. — Observation efjnaUonSf Saull Ste. Marie, Mich., July 20 1S93.
[EpiM-li, 19.2 houra, clock time. A< - +10V00 •♦- ««.]
— 4.310 — 2.33p 1 <J^-7.04=r«0.06
+ 0.9l6a — 2. llp-+-W + 1.74= 1
k- 0.208a — 2. 00p + iff + 0.52= 1
— 0. 168a — 1.71p 1 iff — 0. 05= 0.65
+ 0.914a — l.Cflp-faff -+-1.74= 1
— 0.011a — 1.57pf«ff— 0.14= 0.75
+ 0.363a — 1.48pi iff {-0.58= 1
— 0.140a— 1.28p I- Jff — 0.10= 0.67
h 0.610a— l.lSpf «(?Hl.l2= 1
-} 0.991a — ].06p + W j 2. 05= 1
f 0.761a— 0.92p{-«ff 4- 1-58= 1
— 1.482a — 0.80p + (5^ — 1.92= 0.23
f^ 0.174a — 0.63p-f-«a 0.00= 1
+ 14.88a — 0.35p fM I 31.2- 0.007
— 37. 65a : 0. 33p f ^ff — 84. 0
-r
4-
+
-'r
-\-
-i-
-f
0. 651a r 0. 65p i- M -\-
0. 739a -f- 0. 92p f iB -|-
0.002a f0.99pi iff —
0.884a I- 1.02p • M I-
0.U6a ; 1.13p f ^ff —
0.604a 1 1.28p f 8ff—
0. 039a f 1. 45p -I- W —
0.538a -fl. 54p + M —
0, 365a t- 1. 65p 4 6ff +
0. 132a ^ 1. 71p -f iff -f
0.80»a-f-l,88p-f 6ff i
0. 668a -I- 1. 90p -f 5ff i-
V-
4.0 r.-.\
?0.00l
1.24 =
1
1.56 =
1
0.26 =
0.74
2.13 =
1
0.03 =
1
1.16 =
0.45
0.06 =
1
1.03 =
0.48
0. 69=
1
0.18 =
1
1 86 =
1
1.50 =
1
5.50a
2 18.3 } i^ + 12. 7
Normal equations.
[ f 13. 071a f 0. 14p f 8. 47 19 + 27. 81 = 0
h 0.14a [+44. 14]p+ 0.11 6ff + 1.56 = 0
-f 8.47a -i- 0. lip [+21. 10] 8ff + 17.05 = 0
Results.
0.06
affr:
8.
I 0.003
— 0.024
— 2.034
APPENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3349
Tadlk 9.— Time determination, Sault Sle. Marie, Mich., Juhj 2G, 1893.
[First Licat. Charles S. Kicli6, observer.]
SUr.
c UrB. Min .
c Ura. Min .
9 Ophiuchi.
V Herculis .
/3 I>raconis .
t Serpentis
I ficrculig .
f HercuUfl .
y T>racon{ii .
72 Ophiuchi.
I* Sagittarii
V Serpentis.
X IhTiconi.. .
a LyrsD
SIH. Cepli.L.C.
51 H.Ccph.L.C.
X T7r8. Min
X Urs. Min
9 AqnilfiB
o» Seq. Cygni
«* Capricor...
Y CyRni
0 Cepbei . . . .
aCygni..
i| Cephei .
32 Vulpcr.
V Cygni . -
v Aqnarii
a Eqnulei
1 H. Drac. L. C
lH.Drac.L.C
CI.
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
W
W
W
W
W
E
E
W
0 Aquilip I W
W
W
W
W
E
£
E
E
E
E
E
W
I!
Bh.
i. t.
+0.11 4-0. «6
+0. 14| hO.86
+0.14-1-0.07
+0.151+0.18
+ 0.1.5+0.25
+0.151 + 0.07
+ 0.1.')If0.22
+0,16+0.17
C.
(C.+
abn.),
Aa.
». I «.
- 2. 2fl — 0. 79
+ 2. 05 — 0. 79
+ 0. 31 + 0. 17
+ 0.37j+ 0.04
+ 0. 49 — 0. 03
+ 0.3l'+ 0.17
+ 0.431 0.00
f 0. 34 + 0. 07
lip.
Cloclc time
of transit
+0. 18' f 0.30
+0. 16|+0. 13
+0.151+0.06
+0.131+0.08
+0. 11 j 0.34
+ 0.09+0.12
.^.0.08:— 1.18
+0. 34—4. 80
0.52
0.33
0.01
0.05
— 0.35— 0.08
— 0.33
— 1.10
— 0.42
+ 9.15
— 8.57
+
0.06
0.11
0.01
— 1.15
— 1.15
3M 0.21 +8.73+ 8.50 f24.39
4' H 0. 14 +5. 89—10. 06; + 24. 30
+ 0.14, +0,11— 0.33
0.32
0.47
+ 0.15 I 0,08— 0.33-
+0.15 +0.19— 0.43
-I 0.15 +0.31 — 0.71
+0. 141 ^ 0.10
I 0.15' 10.21
t.
+0.03
+ 0.03
+ 0.03
1 0. 03
}0.02
+ 0.02
+ 0.02
10.02
|0.02i
+ 0.01
+0.01
+ 0.01
+0.01
+0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42—0.01
0. 48 —0. 01
0. 00 —0. 01
+ 0.22
+0.23
+0.23
}0.23
fO.23
4 0. 32
10.46
+ 0.24
+0.30
+ 0.12
+0.23 } 0.18
0.42
0.62
0.33
0.39
0.31
0.30
8 4-0.24-1.03— 2.40
4+0.171—0.75
2.61
0.57
0.00
0.39
—0.01
—0.01
—0.02
-f
0. 04:— 0. 02
0.52—0.02
0. 35 —0. 02
— 0.13
— 0.83
— 0.04
— 5. 27
— 5.27
—0.02
—0.02
—0.03
—0.03
—0.03
I
h, m. s.
16 56 56. 0
16 56 51. 5
17 04 07. 87
17 11 12,33
17 27 54. 23
17 31 21.15
17 30 19.75
17 42 09. 45
17 54 01.43
18 02 10.47
18 07 16. 21
18 15 40.41
18 22 54. 27
18 33 13. 00
18 49 56. 2
18 50 17.5
19 30 01.0
19 30.22.3
19 49 57. 96
20 05 41. 92
20 10 09.74
20 12 02. 46
20 18 17.30
20 27 41. 89
Eight ns
cen8ion-=a.
Clock
correc-
tion
At.
h. m. 9. 8.
16 57 01.23 +7.6
17 04 16. 93
17 11 21.43
17 28 03. 30
17 31 30. 16
17 36 29. 03
17 42 18. 56
17 54 09. 70
18 02 19. 02
18 07 24. 72
18 15 48. 92
18 23 02. 44
18 33 21. 34
6 50 07. 09
19 30 49. 21
+ 8.48
+ 8.48
+ 8.34
+8.44
+8.61
+8.51
+8.46
+8.79
+ 8.87
+8.81
+8.81
+8.64
+4.1
+ 6.6
19 50 06.06
20 05 49. 75
20 10 18. 22
20 12 10.01
20 18 25. 76
20 27 49. 84
+ 8.75
+ 8.54
-f 8. 75
+8.38
+ 8.80
+ 8.48
20 37 40,18 20 37 49.51 +8.65
20 42 59. 15 20 43 09.42 +8.69
20 49 53.56 20 50 0*2.441 +8.68
20 53 04.25; 20 63 13.46 +8.07
21 03 40. 81 i 21 03 48. 82 +8. 43
21 10 22.76 21 10 31.10 +8.53
(CO.—
ob.).
+ 0.25
21 21 46. 1
21 21 40. 9
9 21 46. 51
+9.1
Clock correction at 10.2 hours: Clock time, +8.600; hourly rate, —0.013.
CoWmation = c, clamp E.
« Um.Min +0.292
51 Ccph. L. C +0.430
c Ura. Min I 0. 166
1 H. Drac. L. C -} 0. 357
Azimuth.
Mean +0.311
f 0.183
—0.077
-0.647
l-X).958
4.12
+ .12
+.21
+ .16
—.01
+.09
+ .11
—.19
—.27
-.21
-.10
—.04
+ .36
+.06
—.15
+ .06
-.13
+ .22
-.20
+ .09
-.05
—.06
-.08
-.07
+.17
+.07
—.13
3350 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 10. — Observation equations, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., July 26 ^ 1S9S.
[Epoch: Clock time, 10.2 hoars, At = -|-8*.OO<|-i^0-]
— 4.31 a — 2.23p + 5tf-fl. 18 = c0.06
+
+
+
0.916^
0.208a
0.168a
0. 9 14a
0.011a
0.363a
0.140a'
0. 610a '
0. »91a '
0.761a'
1.482a'
0.174a'
+
+ 14.88 a'
-^. llp + «»-0.68:
-2.00p4-«(? — 0.55
-1.71p + «« — 0.33:
-1.66p-f «« — 0. 63
-l.57p4-W-0.63:
-1.48p + M-0.60:
-1.28p + «tf-0.49
-L15p4-W— 0.75
-1.06p + «fl — 0.80
-0.02p4-<J«— 0.76:
• 0.80p4-£9 — 0.93:
-0.63p + M — 0.64:
— 0.35p4-«»+5.06= 0.007
-37.65 o" +0.33p + e« — 23 0 = i>0.00l
-f 6.65p-h«ff — 0.32= 1
-f 0.92p-|-M — 0.05= 1
+ 0. 99p + W-0. 74= 0.74
-f-1.02p4- W + 0.20= 1
-f 1.13p4-fi« — 0.70= 1
4-1.28p-f- W — 0.85= 0.45
+ 1.45p +W — 0.59= 1
-f-1.54p+6tf— 1. 19= 0.48
+ 1. 65p -f M — 0. 31 = 1
+ 1.71p4-W — 0.52= 1
+ 1.88p + W-f 0.42= 1
4-1.09p + W + 0.14= 1
+ 5.50 a'" -H2.18p + «» + 4.20= 0.06
1
1
0.65
1
0.75
1
4- O.eola"
+ 0.739a"
4- 0.002a"
+ 0.884a"
4- 0.146a"
— 0.604a"
0.67
1
1
1
0.23
+ 0.039a'"
— 0.538a'"
+ 0.365a'"
+ 0.132a"'
+ 0.869a'"
-H 0.668a'"
Xormal equations.
[-f-2.99]a
— 3.62a
+ 2. 02a
[ + 4.02]a'
— 2.21 o'
+ 2. 20 a '
— 3. 63 p +
— 2. 21 p +
-f 1.80 p +
[4-3.32]a"' 4- 4. 17 p +
4- 1.80 a" 4-*.17 a'"[4+ 4.14]p +
-|-2.11 a" 4-2.14 a'" + 1.04 p4-[21.101 M — 0.52 = 0
[-f 3.34]a"
2.02
W — 1.79 = 0
2.20
W- 1.04 = 0
2.11
«» + 0.92 = 0
2.14
W+l.»5 = 0
1.04
M 4- 5-40 = 0
Besults,
w = 4- 0.600
( = — 0.018
a'" = — 0.968
a" =—0.647
a' =—0.077
a = + 0.183
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3351
TA.BLE 11. — Time deteminatioiij Sault Ste. MariCj Mich,y August 6', 1S93-
[Prof. AsApb Hall, jr., observer.]
Star.
( Ura. Min .
« Urs. Min .
1) Ophiachi .
9 Ucrculift .
0DracoiiiA .
( Serpen tia.
Herculia .
M lierculia . .
y Draoonia .
72 Ophiuchi .
fiSagittarii.
i}S4^rpentis.
X Draconis .
I Lyrtt^
61 H. Ccph. L. C . .
51 H. Ceph. L. C . .
\ Uni. Min
\ Urs. Min
j9 Aqnil»
0 AqnilH)
o^ Seq. Cygni .
o'Capricor...
y Cygni
tfCephci —
CI.
w
w
w
w
w
E
E
£
E
E
E
W
W
£
E
£
E
£
K
E
d.
aCygni W
-ilCephei "NV
32Viil]>oc W
r Cygni ! W
V Aquarii ! W
• Equulei | \V
IH.Drac. L. C ...! W
Ifl. Drac. L. C...' E
r.
3—0.21
—0.07
7— a08
—0.14
—0.11
—0.10
—0.08
—0.06
Bh.
C.
(C.+
abn.).
—1.24
—0.40
—0.01
—0.18
—0.18
—0.05
-0.12
-0.061
i.
+ 2.201
— 2.41
Aa.
Rp,
-0.16
-0.12
—0.11
—0.09
—0.07
—0.04
—0.03
-0. 12
-0.26 +
—0.10; +
—0.05 +
— 0. 06 +
-0.21 +
—0-05 +
0.30
0.36
0.47
0.30
0.41
0.32
0.42
0.26
0.28
0.26
0.87
0.33
*,
+3.22
+3. 22
—0.68
—0.16
+0J3
-0.68
fO.Ol
—0.35
4-0. 10
—0.46
—0.74
-0.57
+ 1.11
—0.13
.^0.38— 3.46—11.00
+ 1.08+ 4.O4I— 11.09
—0, 14 ^5
—0.12-5,
I
—0.12— 0.09 I- 0.26
—0.12—0.08+ 0.26
-0. 13 -0. 18 + 0. 37
—0.13—0.071+ 0.27
-0.13—0.16'+ 0.34
-0.13-0.27]+ 0.56
I
— 0. 21 —0. 30— 0. 40
—0.21-0.42'— 0.60
—0.20—0.21— 0.32
—0. 20—0. 26— 0. 38
—0. 18'— 0. 10 — 0. 30
—0. 17 —0. 13 — 0. 29
-O.IG
—0.07
56— 17. 78' +39. 98
07 +16. 21 I 39. 98
—0.60
—0.78
0.00
—0.94!
-0. 15
+0.64
—0.04
+ 0.57
—0.39
—0. 141
—0.92
—0.71
—5.84
-5. 84i
+ 0.71 + 2.13;
+ 0.31— 1.96}
Clock time
of transit
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Bight as-
ceu8ion=a.
h. m. «.
16 56 48.2
16 56 52. 0
17 01 10. 71
17 11 14.57
17 27 56.28
17 31 24.00
17 36 22. 11
17 42 11.01
17 54 02. 12
18 02 11.99
18 07 17. 04
18 15 42.04
18 22 53. 32
18 33 13. 66
18 50 17. 0
18 50 00. 1
h. m. t.
16 56 50. 561
00 19 30 17. 3
00 19 29 42. 0
00 19 40 59. 42
00 20 05 43. 15
00 20 10 10. 59
00 20 12 03. 58'
00 20 18 18. 37
00 20 27 42. 30^
00 20 37 42. 92
00 20 43 03.13|
00 20 49 55. 971
00 20 53 06. 931
00 21 03 43. 20;
OC 21 10 25. 19
00 21 21 43.0
OOi 21 21 47. 5
Clock 1 .-
correc-: ' P*
tion.
(CO. —
Ob).
17 04 16.84
17 11 21. 27
17 28 03. oe
17 31 30. 10
17 36 28.81
17 42 18.45
17 54 09. 49
18 02 18. 06
18 07 24. (
18 15 48. 88
18 23 01. 92
18 33 21. 26
6 50 10. 65
7 •»
-f 7. 15
+7.40!
-i 7. 29
+7. 1?|
+7.25
+ 7.27
+ 7.11
+7.27
+ 7.26
+7.21
+ 6.83
+7.45
+ 6.0
19 30 42. 46
19 50 OC.ll
20 05 49. 81
20 10 18. 23
20 12 10. 09
20 18 25. 79
20 27 49. 82
20 37 49. 5b
20 43 09. 44
20 50 02. 53
20 53 13. 54
21 03 48. 95
21 10 31. 23
0 21 46.64
+ 8.5-
+7.2,
+7.2J
-4-7 2
+ 7.3^
+ 6.59
-4 7. 3«
+ 6.7^
+7.4^
+7.31!
+ 7.0'
[7.17
+ 6.6
i .00
—.16
— 05
+ .11
-.01
—.03
+ .11
—.03
—.02
+ .03
+ .20
—.21
+ .02
-.04
+ .03
—.02
—.18
-.01
-.15
i .43
-.14
4.33
—.24
—.15
+ .17
} .07
+ .15
Clock correction at 19. 2 hours: Clock time, 1-7.241; hourly rate, 0.000.
(■oUim.ation = Cf clamp E.
i.
€ Urs, Min +0 312
51 n.Ceph.L.C fO. 182
\ Urs. Min +0.304
IH.Drac.L C +0.293
Mean +0.273
A"«»«th {-J;J*«
3352 EEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Table 12. — Observation equations, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich, August 0, 1S9S.
[Epot'li, 19.2 liourx, clock time. A'= + 7.00 -|- i9.\
— 4. 31 o — 2. 23p + 69 — 3. 38
+ 0.916a
-f 0.208a
— 0.168a-
0.914a
O.Olla
0. 363a
+
0.140a-
0.610a
0.991a-
0.761a-
1. 482a •
0.174a-
2. lip +29+ 0.53
2.00p f atf— 0.24
1.71p + «tf — 0.42
1.66p + «e+0.65
1.57p+a« — 0.26
1. 48p + ^9 + 0. 08
1.28p + 5«— 0.21
l.lSpf 69+0.19
1.06p + 69 + 0.48
0. 92p + fi« + 0. 36
0.80p + a9 — 0.94
0.63p + «» — 0.32
P
co.ao
1
1
1
1
: 0.75
= 1
= 0.67
= 1
= 1
= 1
= 0.23
= 1
♦ 14.88a -0.35p + 6tf + 11.2= 0.007
P
— 37. 65a' +0.33p + 6e — 41.5 - r 0.001
-r
•I-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0.651a
0. 739a '
0. 002a
0.884a'
0. 146a '
0.604a'
;-0. 65p
f 0. 92p
+ 0. 99p
rl.02p
( 1. 13p
f-
+ 6«
I 6$ -
-j- 10 +
+ «fi-
1. 28p + iQ
0.48 =
0.52 =
0.45 =
0.69 =
0.24 =
0.23 =
0.039a' ; 1.45p } ^«—
0. 538a ' + 1. 54p | 6« —
0.365a'-i l.65p I ^fl —
0.132a'+1.71p+«9—
0.869a' I 1.88p+a^-r
0. 668a ' + 1. 99p + 10 +
0.34
0.33
0.09
0.25
0.85
0.54
1
1
0.74
1
1
0.45
= 0.4«
1
0.
1
1
1
1
} 5. 50a ' + 2. 18p + ^9 + 6. 22= 0. 06
Normal equations.
I +7. Olio — 5.83 p+ 4.22 «9 + 4.21 = 0
[+6.66]o'+ 5.97 p+ 4.24 6tf + 6.05 = 0
— 5.83 a +5.97a' [ + 44.141p 1 0. U W + 1,96 = 0
+ 4.22 a t4.25a' l- 0. lip [i 21. 10] M + 2.59 = 0
Results,
io
p
a'
a :
t.
} 0.241
—0.000
— 1.062
-0.746
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3353
Takle 13. — Time determination j Sault Sie. Marie, Mich., August 7, ISOS.
[I*rof. iknapli Hal!, jr., observer.]
Star.
<;i.
t I'm. M in .
s Urs. Min .
7} Ophluchi .
V Here u I is .
0l>racoiii8 .
(Serpent is.
f Hcrculia .
^ Uerculis .
Y Draconis • .
72 Opliiiichi .
ft Sxipltarii .
1} Serpent is.
X Draconis .
a Lynt
51H.Ccph. L. C .
51H. Cepb. L. C .
A Urn. Min
A Urn. Min
0 AquiliP
9 AquibF
o' Seq. Cygni
a' Capricor . -
7 Cygni
tfCephei
a Cygni ..
i}Cephei .
32 Vulpec .
KCypni ..
V Aqnarii
a Eqiiulei.
1 H. Drac. L. C
1 U. Drac. L. C
£
E
E
E
£
E
E
W
W
W
W
W
W
£
K
W
W
W
W
'NV
W
W
£
E
E
£
E
E
E
u «
i!
too
1 ' ^'•
b. I lib. (c. f
I abn.)
Aa
It p.
Clock time !
of transit
liif^bt as
ccusiun — a,
g.
4, f 0.02
3I4 0.06
i
7 i0.02
—0.11
—0.00
.,—0.04
7—0. 02
7! 4 0. 02
iO.OJ
HO.09
I 0.11
fO.14
H-0. 17
! 0.21
«• i
10.12'
;0.,l«
iO.Ol
— 0. 14
— 0. 09
-0.02
— 0. 031
40.021
1 0. 06;
} 0.07
t 0.051
+ 0.101
f0.52|
40. 271
t. I n, I », \ h. m.
—2.461 13.02 i 0.02 16 58
4 2.25; r 3.02' I 0.02, 10 56
i 0. 33 —
,0.39 —
hO.52 4
i 0.33-
jO.45 i
+ 0.36 —
10.02;
i 0.02
i O.Ol!
(0.01
0.64
0.15
0.12
0.64
0.01 1 0.01
-0, 55
0.25
0.10
0. 35 — 0. 43
—0.37
—0.35
—1.16
—0.44
i 0.23— 3.29, 1 9.78
—0.06+0.781-9.21
I i
f 0.04 1 1.44| I 15.65
0.00 ^0.12-17.22
i0.04H 0.03
iO.Ol; tO.Ol
U.Ol
0.69
; 0.01
4 0.01
0.01
17 04
17 11
17 27
17 31
17 30
17 42
9. I
51.6 I
46.6
09. 71,
13. 401
55.13
22. 841
20. 47!
10.51
17 54 02.31|
18 02 12. 05'
18 07 18.20!
0.53! + 0.01 18 15 42.26i
+ 1.041 + 0.01 18 22 53.96!
— 0. 12 0. 00 18 33 14. 45
—10. 42 0. Oo! 18 50 00. 1 I
-10.42 0.00, 18 50 21.0
[20.39 0.00 19 29 46.8
t 26. 39; 0. OU 19 30 20. 9
0.35 —0.46' 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00-
0.00-
— 0. 02 —0. 02'-
—0.041-0.09
04—0. 06 i
02—0.04; +
-0.
—0.01
0.00
1 0.02
HO. 03; +0. 02' i
— 0.
-0.01!
o.oo'
O.Ol'i
0.34
0.49i
0.35
0. 45
0.75:
0.44
0.66
0.35
0. 42
0.32
0.32
—0.52—0.01
0.00—0.01
—0. 62: -0. 01
—0.10—0.01
! 0.42
—0.01
-0. 03 -0. 01
+ 0.38|— 0.01
-0. 26 —0. 01
—0.09
—0.61
-0. 47
—0.01
—0.01
-0.02
04; -0.16: —
021 + 0.07' i
19 49 59. 38
20 05 43. 09
20 10 10.88
20 12 03.45
20 18 18. 66
20 27 43. 5'e
20 37 41.41
20 43 01. 08
20 49 54. 86
20 53 05. 56
21 03 41. 90
21 10 23. 89
1. 61 —3. 86;— 0. 02 21 21 45. 5
1.80 —3.86—0.021 21 21 41.8
Cloelv
I correc-
tion.
(CO —
Ob).
h. in. t.
a.
8
■
16 56 59.4
t7.1
-\-
.10
17 04 16. 8:)
i 7.40
-1-
15
17 11 21. 25
f- 7.73
18
17 28 03. 02
, 7.33
+ .
18
17 31 30.09
4 7.57
02
17 36 28. 83
r 7.92
..^
32
17 42 18.44
1 7.79
—
24
17 54 09. 47
, 7.54
-f
01
18 02 18.96
-\- 7.61
00
18 07 24.69
1 7.49
+
.06
18 15 48. 88
; 7.39
-\-
,16
18 23 01.88
r 7.51
+
.02
18 33 21. 25
+ 7.09
+
.46
6 50 11. 07
i 8.0
—
.10
19 30 41. 62
rll.4
—
.11
19 50 06.11
1 7.51
4-
.04
20 05 49. 81
+ 7.58
.03
20 10 18.23
; 7.85
Mi_
.20
20 12 10.12
+ 7.65
.^_
.10
20 18 25.79
1 7.71
.».
.16
20 27 49. 81
i 0.72
r
.5'J
20 37 49. 56
1 7.81
"^^
.26
20 43 09. 43
\- 7.36
+
.13
20 50 02. 54
+ 7.61
.06
20 53 13. 55
+ 7.67
—
.12
21 03 48. 97
1- 7.36
1-
.Itf
21 10 31.25
1 7.51
f-
.04
9 21 46.68
r 0.9
1 ....-- -
+
.17
Clock correctional 19.2 hoars: Clock time, { 7'.548; bonrly rate,- 0,008.
Collination^^Cf clamp E.
c Urs. Min + 0.319
SlH.Ceph.L. C i 0.461
A Urs. Min | 0.294
lU. Drac. L. C {- 0.243
Mean h 0.329
■
Aiiniutb —0.701
3354 KEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Tabus 14. — Ohservatian equations, SauU Sie. Marie f Mich,, Atiguat 7, 1893,
[Epoch,* 19.2 hours, clock time. A^= +7.00 + 69.]
P
— 4.31a —2.23p-hM— 3.16=00.06
-f 0.916a — 2. Up + «« + 0.22= 1
4- 0.208a — 2. OOp 4-68 — 0.60= 1
— 0.168O — 1.71p + «tf — 0. 46= 0.65
-I- 0.914a — 1.66p 4- 68 + 0.06= 1
— 0.011a— 1.57p + 6«_0. 94= 0.75
4- 0.363a— 1.48p-«- 6^ — 0. 55= 1
— 0.140a — 1.28p+ 68 — 0.65= 0.67
4- 0.610a — l.lSp 4- 68— 0.19= 1
4- 0.9Dla — 1.06p4-584-0. 19= 1
4- 0.761a — 0.92p4-68 4-0. 13= I
— 1.482a — 0.80p -1-68-1.56= 0.23
-i- 0. 174a -a.63p-h 68 4- 0.03= 1
414.8« a— 0.35p4-68 + 8.5l= 0.007
— 37.65a -f0.33p 4-68 — 30.8 =r0.001
i
-f
0. 651a 4-0. 65p 4-68 ■
0.739a4-0.92p-|-68
0. 002a 4- 0. 09p -{- 68
0.884a-|-l. 02p4-68
0. 146a 4- 1. 13p 4- 6«
0. 601a 4- 1. 28p -f 68
0.039a
0. 538a
0.365a
0.132a
0.869a
0.668a
1.45p4-68 —
1.54p4-W —
1.65p4-W—
1.71p4-68 —
1.88p-|-684
1.99p4-68 —
0.05
0.05:
0.84:
0.02:
0.60
0.13
0.77
0.73
0.34:
0.57:
0-26
0.02
4 5.50 a + 2.18p4 684- 4.02
1
1
0.74
1
1
0.45
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
0.06
Xarmal equalioHB.
[-|-13.68]a 4- 0.14 p-l- 8.47 684-5.00=0
4- 0. 14 a[+44.14]p4- 0.11 68 4-0.50=0
-I- 8. 47 a 4- 0. lip [4- 21. 10] 68 —6. 50 = 0
BeBuUa.
».
68 = 4. 0. 548
p= — 0.008
a =—0.701
APPENDIX D D D NORTHEKN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3355
Tablk 15. — Time determination, Sauli Ste. Marie, Mich,, AuguatS, 1S93,
IProf. Asaph Hall, jr., observer.]
Star.
cUrs. Min
« Urs. Mitt
ifOphinchi....
1 Merculia ....
fi Dracoois
{ Serpentis
c Hercnlis
fiHercalis ....
Y Drayconiis...
72 0phiuchi....
tt Sagittarii ...
If Serpentis
X Draconis
aLyne
51 H. Ceph. L. C
51 H. Cpph. L. C
AlTrs. Min
A Urs. Min
^ Aqnilse
• Aqoilie
o» Seq. Cygni . ,
a*Capricor ....
y&^K
#Cepbei
aCygni
vCephei
32Tnlpec
9 Cygni
r Aqnarii
m. Eqaolei
1 H. Drac. L. C
1 H. Drac. L. C
CI.
£
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
B
£
£
£
£
£
£•
W
W
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
£
u
c
Bb.
t.
+ 0.12
—0.01
—0.04
-4). 16
+0.03
+ 0.04
+ 0.04
+0.05
7' +0.02
0.01
fO.Ol
0.00
0.00
0.00
-+0.11
0.00
+ 0.72
—0.05
—0.02
—0.19
+0.05
+0.02
+0.06
-+0.05
+0.02
+0.01
0.00
0.00
+ 0.01
0.00
—1.52
-0.28
C.
(C.+
abn.).
Aa.
Rp.
c.
+ 1.10
— 1.31
— 0.26
— 0.31
— 0.41
— 0.26
— 0.36
— 0. 28
+ 0.36
+ 0.23
+ 0.24
+ 0.22
+ 0.75
+ 0.29
t.
3.55
9.
+0.06
+ 3.55+0.06
0.75
0.17
0.14
0.75
+- 0.01
— 0.30
+
+
+
0.12
0.50
0.82
0.63
1.22
O.U
- 3.07—12.24
+ 3.65—12.24
4-0. 03 + 1. 15 —15. 48+30. 90
+ 0. 12 +4. 94 + 13. 92 +30. 99
+ 0.12
+ 0.05
+ 0.02
+0.01
—0.02
-^.10
-0.01
+0.06
+0.11
+0. 15
+0.15
+0.14
+ 0.14
—0.01
+0.09
+ 0.03
+0.04
+0.01
—0.03
+ 0. 22— 0. 54
+
+
+ -- ,
+ 0. 29^— 0. 12
0.22— 0.61
0.00
— 0.73
0.32
0.23
—0.02
—0.02
—0.20 + 0.48+ 0.50
—0.01
+ 0.12
+0. 12
+0.20
+ 0.08
+0. 11
—0. 62 + 2, 59
+0.05— 2.40
0. 35 — 0. 03
0. 52 H- 0. 44
0.28— 0.30
0. 33 — 0. 11
0. 26 - 0. 72
0. 25 — 0. 55
— 4.53
Clock time
of transit
= t.
h. VI. 8.
16 56 46. 3
16 56 49.4
17 04 10. 08
17 11 13.81
17 27 55. 39
17 31 23. 24
17 36 21. 03
17 42 11.06
17 54 01. 04
18 02 11.24
18 07 17. 34
18 15 41. 29
18 22 51. 89
18 32 13.01
18 50 16.8
18 50 08.9
+0.05
+0.05
4-0.04
+ 0.04
+0.04
+0.04
+0.03
+0.03
+0.03
+ 0.02
+ 0.02
+0.02
+ 0.01
+ 0.01
-0.01
— 0. 01 10 29 41. 5
Ri^bt as-
cen8ion=a.
Clock
correc-
tion
At.
Vp9
(CO. —
ob.).
h. m. 9.
16 56 59. 26
9,
7.6
9.
+ .07
17 04 16.82+ 7.72 +
17 11 21.24+ 8.05 —
17 28 03.01:+ 7.80| +
17 31 30. 08 +
17 36 23. 80
17 42 18. 43
17 54 09.44
18 02 18. 95
18 07 24. 68
18 15 48. 87
18 23 01. 82
+
+
7.79,+
8.02--
7.86 +
+ 7.87 +
+ 7. 94 -
7.89 +
.18
.15
.08
.11
.10
.04
.02
.04
.01
7.97— .07
7.93
18 33 21.24 + 8.06 —
.01
.16
6 50 11.50+11.5 — .29
19 30 14. 6 19 30 41. 10
1
19 49 58. 41
20 05 42. 45
— 0. 03 20 10 09. 65
—0.03
—0.03
—0.03
—0.04
—0.04
—0.04
-0.04
—0.05
—0.05
—0.00
— 4. 53 —0. 06j
20 12 02. 75
20 18 17. 54
20 27 41. 10
20 37 42. 07
20 43 01. 85
20 49 55. 01
20 53 06. 05
21 03 42. 15
21 10 24. 34
21 21 41. 4
21 21 45.8
10 50 06. 11
20 05 49. 81
20 10 18.22
20 12 10. 10 + 7. 87
+ 9.9
— .06
+ 7.95— .05
+ 7. 74 + .16
+ 8.24
20 18 25. 79
20 27 49. 80
20 37 49. 56
20 43 09. 43
20 50 02. 54
20 53 13. 55
21 03 48. 97
21 10 31. 25
9 21 46.71
+ 8.14
+
.29
.03
.24
+ 7.95— .03
+ 7.92,- .02
+ 7.58,+ .22
+ 8. 03 — . 13
+ 7.88
+ 7.77
\- 7. 75 +
+ 7.9
.02
.13
.15
.00
Clock correction at 19. 2 honrs : Clock time, + 7. 905; hourly rate, — 0. 025.
Collimation = c, clamp East.
9.
cTJrs.Min +0.163
6lH.Ceph.L.C +0.163
\ Urs. Min +0.263
IH.DracL.C +0.356
Mean +0.236
Azimuth — a823
3356 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Tablk IQ.^—Ohncrration equaiionSy Sauli Sic. Marie, Mich., August Sj 1S95,
[Epoch, 19.2 hours, clock time. A'— }- 7».00 + 80. ]
— 4.31a -2.23p + 5tf — 4.18 = r 0.06
r
+
+
+
0.016a-
0.208a
0.168a
0.014a-
0.011a
0.3U3a-
0. 140a .
0.010a-
0.991a
0.761a
1. 482a
0. 174a
2. Up-f-W — 0,02 =
-2. OOp + ae — 0.93 =
.1.71p + W — 0.98 =
-1.06p + «ff— 0.08 =
1.57p + 6ff — 1.07 =
.1.48p -f 60 — 0.60 =
.1.28p + «fl — 1.02 =
1. iSp + W— 0.47 =
-1.06p4-«fl — 0.10 =
-0.92p + fi« — 0.36 =
-0.80p-f «« — 2. 17 =
-0.03p + «(? — 0.94 =
1
1
0.65
+
+
1
0.76
1
0.67
1
+
1
1
0.23
I
4-
+
+ 14.e8a — 0.35p fW+7.74= 0.007
— 37.65a + 0. 33p -f M — 33.
P
9 =r 0.001
0. 651a + 0. 65p + £0
0. 739a + 0. 92p -f 60
0.002a4-0. 99p + e0-
O. 884/*. + 1. 02p + 5«
0. 146a + 1- 13p + 20
0. 604a + 1. 28p 4- 60
0.039a-fl.45p-f 60 —
O.538a+l•&lp+60—
O.365a+1.65p'f £0—
0.132a 4- 1. Tip -f«0 —
0. 869a -f 1. 88p + 60 —
0. 668a + 1. 99p + 50 —
0.39
0.11
1.2L
0.11
0.90
1.42
— 1.42= 0.45
0.85
0.98:
0.09:
0.73:
0.00:
0.15:
1
1
0.74
1
1
0.
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
-\- 5.50O +2.18p + W+ 3.70= 0.06
Xormal equations.
[-f-13.68]a + 0.14p 4- 8.47 £0+ 3.59=0
4- 0.14a [ + 44.141P4- 0. 11 «0 4- 1.19 = 0
4- 8.47tt 4- 0. lip [4- 21. 10] 50 — 12. 16=0
Jiesulta,
50:
P
t.
4- 0. 905
— 0.025
:— 0.823
APPENDIX P D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3357
Table 17. — Time determination , Sault Site. Marie, Mich., August 9, JS93.
[Prof. Anapb Hall, jr., ob»erver.]
Stor.
< Vn. Min
c Ura. Min
i| OphiDchi
w Berculls
fi Draconis
$ Serpentis
I Jlerculin. ...
$i. Uercalis
y Draconis
7i Ophinchi ....
pL Sagittarii
i| Serpentis
X Draconis
a. Lyra)
51 H.Ceph.L.C
51 H.Copli.L. C
A TJrs. Hin
A Urs. Min ....
^ Aquile
# Aqnilte
«> Seq. Cj^gni .
a* Capricor
y Cygni
# Cepliei
a. Cygni
If Cephei
32 Vmpec
r Cyipii
9 Aquarii
a. Kquulci
1 H.Drac.L.C
1 H. Drac. L. C
E
K
E
E
E
£
W
W
^y
w
w
^y
w
£
E
w
w
^v
w
w
w
w
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
W
40.
jO.
+0.
HO.
+0.
0.
I
7+0.
7—0.
7;-o.
7-1-0.
12
12
12
11
11
11
07
09
02
07
10
Bb.
8.
1 0. 20 — 1. 85
4-0.721 i- 1.65
0.29
0.35
0.46
0.29
0.41
fO.OO
-h 0. 15: i-
10.19 {
+ 0.06; f
Aa.
2.57
2.57
lip.
nO.16
i-0.12
f 0. 11
—0.07
-0.01
+ 0.05
fO.57
f
0.55
0.12
0.10
0.54
8.
—0.06
--0.06I
+
^ 0.32 —
hO.
h0.20 i-0.26
f 0. 21
+0.08
—2.98
—1.09
0,50
0.32
0.33
0.31
1.05
—0.05
—0.05
—0.04
—0.04
0.01—0.04
0.22—0.04
0.08
0.36
0.59
—0.03,
— 0. 031
— 0. 03 i
_ 0. 45 —0. 02
_. 0.40 —
: 8.20|-
— 7.62
0.88
0.10
-0. 02
— 0. 02
: 0. 09 -3. 03 +37. 79 | 22.44 rO. 01
i 0. 10 t 4. 00 —30. 35 1 22. 44 } 0. 01
8. 86 —0. 01
8. 86 —0. 01
+0.04
+ 0.05
+0. 06
H 0.06
+ 0.07
+0.09
1-0.02
+ 0.03
i0.04
+ 0.05
+0. 05
+0.03
+ 0.01
+ 0.09
+ 0.03
f 0. 09
+0. 19
+0. 02|
+ 0.06
f 0.01
+0.06
+0.03
0.31:-
0.31 -
0.45
0.32
0.41
0.68
0. 39
0.44
0.00
0.5'J
0.09
0.36
0.02+0.02
+
0.40— 0.02
0.59 1 0.32
0. 32 — 0. 22
- 0.08
— 0.52
+ 0.37
0.29
0.29
+ 0.01—0.03— 1.80
+0.02— 0.09' ; 2.00
jO.02
i 0.02
I 0.03
(0.03
+ 0.03
+0.03
+0.04
}0.04
+ 0.04
+0.04
{0.05
— 0.40+0.05
— 3.28+0.06
— 3.28+0.06
Clock time
of Iran sit
=t.
h. m. s.
16 56 51.0
16 56 47. 0
17 04 08. 99
17 11 U.(Ki
17 27 54.11
17 31 21. 97
17 36 19. 87
17 42 09. 98
17 55 01. 58
18 02 11.50
18 07 17. 52
18 15 41.55
18 22 53.43
18 33 13.41
18 50 06. 1
18 50 20. 0
*19 29 24.4
Right as-
cenHiou=a.
h. m. «.
16 56 59. 19
17
17
04 10.81
11 21.22
Clock
correc-
tion
At.
V pv
(CO.—
ob.).
s. 8.
+ 7.3 ■+ .22
17 28 02.97
17 31 30.07
17 30 28. 79
17 42 18. 41
17 54 09. 42
18 02 18. 94
18 07 24. 67
18 15 48. 86
18 20 01. 70
18 33 21.22
■{- 8.07 i- .11
I 8. 26 — . 08
+ 8.15|+ .02
4- 8. 33 — . 15
+ 8.38— .17
+ 8. 25— . 07
-\ 8.18* .00
i 8. 22 — . 03
+ 8.11+ .07
I 8.04 I .14
I 7.95+ .11
+ 8. 07 + . 11
6 50 11.92+ 9.5 :-- .10
*19 30 41.0
19 49 58. 55
20 05 42. 52
20 10 10. 00
20 12 02. 75
20 18 17.88
20 27 42. 06
20 37 40. 61
20 43 00. 50
20 49 54. 22
20 53 04. 80
21 G3 40. 96
21 10 23. 27
21 21 44. 3
21 21 40.6
19 30 39.79+11.6 — .10
19 50 06. 11
20 05 49. 81
20 10 18. 22
20 12 10. 10
20 18 25. 79
i:0 27 49. 79
+ 8.21
+ 7.98
+ 8.55
+ 8. 14
.03
.20
.32
.04
8.29— .11
7.83 } .23
20 37 49.56+ 8.51'- .33
20 43 09. 42 -\-
20 50 02.55 I
20 53 13.55{ i
20 03 48. 98 +
21 10 31.26 }
i
0 21 46.73! f
7.91 i .19
8.15 i .03
8. 36 — . 18
8.17,H .01
8.03+ .15
7.5
.17
■* Rejected : star dim.
Clock correction at 19.2 hours : Clock time, +8.184; hourly rate, +-0.026.
Collimation := Of clamp Kant.
8.
c Urs. Min r 0. 237
61 H. Ceph. L. C +0.384
AUrs.Min +0.090
1 H. l>rac. L. C +0.271
Mean +0.297
Azimuth —0.596
3858 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 18. — Observation equations, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich^, August 9, 189S.
[Kpoch, 19.2 hoiin, clock timo. At=-+8.00-t-£9.]
- 4. 31o - 2. 23p + 5«- 1. 83 =
P
vo.oe
+ 0.916a — 2.11^ + «0 + O.53 =
+ 0. 208a — 2. OOp -|- ««— 0. 09 =
— 0.168a — 1.71p4-W— 0.21 =
+ 0. 914a — 1. 66^ + W + 0. 25 —
— O.Ollo — 1.57p + W — 0.35 =
+ 0.363« — l.48p + ««-f0.01 =
— 0.140a — 1.28p + W~0.23 =
+ 0.610a — 1.15p + M-f-0. 17 =
+ 0.901a — 1. 06p + W + 0.5I =
+ 0.701a — 0.92p + M + 0.43 =
— 1. 48L>a — 0. 80p 4- «tf — 0. 81 =
-r 0. 174a — 0. (Op -f «* + 0. 05 =
1
1
0.
1
0.75
es
0.67
1
1
1
0.23
+ 14. 88a — 0. 35p + W -f 7. 39= 0. 007
+
P
0. 651o + 0. C5p 4- «« + 0. 16=r 1
-r0.739a-f 0.92p + «« + 0.44= 1
— 0.002a + 0.90p + £9 — 0.58= 0.74
+ 0.8H4a + 1.02p+«tf 4-0.36= 1
+ 0. 146a + 1.13p + W— 0.23= 1
— 0.004a +L28pH- 69 — 0.22= 0.45
+ 0. 039a 4- 1- ^ 4-^0 — 0.53 =
— 0. 538a 4- 1. 54p 4- «tf — 0. 27 =
4- 0. 365a 4- 1. 66p 4- 19 f 0. 03 =
4-0. 132a 4- 1. 71p 4- W- 0. 82 =
4- 0. 869a 4- 1- 88p 4- £0 + 0. 30 =
4- 0. 668a + 1- 99p 4- '^ + 0. 32 =
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
+ 5. 50a 4-2.18p4-W4-3.76= 0,06
Normal equations.
[4- 12. 281a 4- 0.15p 4- 8.51 M 4- 5.73=0
4- 0.15a [4-44.141p 4- 0.11 M — 1.06=0
4- 8.61a 4- O.llp [4-21.10] W 4- 1.16=0
Besults.
8.
M = 4- 0.184
p = 4- 0.026
a =—0.596
APPENDIX D D D ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES.
Table 19. — Time determination, Sault Ste, Marie, Mich., August 13, 189.
[Prof. Asaph Hall, Jr., observer. ]
Star.
CI.
<Urs. Min
c Urs. Min
qOpbiachi.
vHerculis .
/9Dracoxiis..
i Serpentis
iHerculis..
^Herculis . .
y Draconis .
72 Opfaiucbi .
fi Sagittarii.
* Serpentis .
X Draconis .
a LyrsB
51H. Ceph.L. C.
SlH.Ceph.L. C.
i Urs. Min
A Urs. Min
^ Aquilse
ffAquilii)
•■Seq.Cygni
a' Capricor . .
yCrgni
tfdepbei
£
W
W
W
W
W
W
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
W
W
£
E
£
£
£
E
£
aCygni ! W
rCephei^ I W
r Cygni . .
V Aqaarii
a £quiilei.
IH. Drac. L. C.
IH. Drac. L. C.
W
W
W
£
is
I?
b.
4 0.14
f0.12
-h0.09
0.00
—0.07
—0.04
—0.03
—0.01
Bb.
».
fO.81
+0.72
(c. + I Aa.
abn.). !
#. 9.
1.311-f 1.24
1.51 + 1.24
+0.05 —
— 0.01j—
- 0. 12 —
—0.02 —
—0.04 —
— 0. 01 —
7-0.06— o.io;+
7—0.08—0.06' +
7—0.08—0.03 +
7— 0.08— 0.05J +
7 -0.09! -4). 281 +
r— 0.10— 0.13 +
0.28-
0.34'—
0.441 +
0.28-
0.39
0.31 —
0.39 +
0.25 —
0.26 —
0. 25 —
0.82 +
0.31-
0.26
0.06
0.05
0.26
0.00
0.10
0.08
0.35
0.57
0.44
0.86
0.10
Rp.
+ 1.39—4.16;- 8.61
+0.53+ 4.74— 8.611-0.0118
3—0.10
4—0. 04
I
4 _0. 05— 1.98-16.77
3—0.06—2.27+15.20
—0.04
—0.04
—0.04
—0.04
—0.03
—0.03
—0.03
—0.03
—0.03
—0.02
—0.02
—0. 02
—0.02
—0.01
—0.01
Clock time
of transit
A. tn. M.
10 56 47.2
16 56 50.1
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
04 08.49
11 12.49
27 54.41
31 21.81
36 20.48]
42 09.81
Riebt as-
cen8ion=a.
h.m. 9.
16 56 58.57
CI(
con
tio
A
+«
17 04 16.78
17 11 21.16
17 28 02.89
17 31 30.04
+J
+1
+f
17 30 28.721 +f
17 42 18.37
53 50.61 17 54 09.35
02 10.0218 02 18.91
07 10.0118 07 24.65
15 40.1418 15 48.84
22 51.18 18 23 01.59
33 11.7618 33 21.18
+£
+£
+J
+f
+J
+J
7+0.02+0.01 +
7; + 0.01
7, + 0.01
7+0.01
7+0.01
T^O.Ol +
+ 0.01 +
+o.oi;+
+ 0.01 +
1\ 0.00+0.01 +
0.25
0.24
0.36
0.25
0.32
0.53
7+0.02 4-0.03— 0.38
7 _0. 02 —0.05— 0.57
50 15.6 6 50 13.05' +J
50 07.6 ',...
+ 33.72+0.0119
+33.72+0.0119
30 13. 8 il9 30 37. 10
29 42.2 '
— 0.58+0.0119 40 57.0119 60 06.11
— 0.66: +0.02.20 05 41.17,20 05 49.82
0.00" + 0.02 20
— 0.79+0.02
— 0.13+0.02
+ 0.54: + 0.03 20 27
10 08.60120 10 18.20
20 12 01.58120 12 10.11
20 18 16.52 20 18 25.78
7—0. 09—0. 12 — 0. 36
7— 0.12'— 0.06;— 0.28
7 _0. 141-0. 10,— 0.27
I ! i
3—0.16 + 1.15 I 2.45
4— 0.29, + 1.27— 2.25
39.85 20 27 49.76
— 0.03+0.03 20 37 40.95 20 37 49.55
+ 0.48+0.03 20 43 01.07,20 43 09.40
0.12+0.03
0.78+0.04
0. 60 + Q.fiA
4.93| + 0.C4
4.93H 0.O4
20 53 05.08 20 53 13.56
21 03 40.87 21 03 49.00
21 10 23.22 21 10 31.28
21 21 40.2
21 21 44.8
9 21 46.88
Clock correction at 19. 2 hours : Clock time, + 9'.004 ; hourly rate, i 0. 020.
CoUimation =^ c, clamp East.
*.
f Urs. Min + 0.191
61H. Ceph. L.C + 0.216
A Urs. Min +0.286
IH. Drr.c L.C -1^0.335
•-
Mean + 0.257
i— 0.288
—0.579
—0.896
+ (
+ ?
+1
+ t
+ J
+ J
+i
+ ^
+ 1
+ J
+ i
3360 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 20. — Ohaerration equations, Sault Ste, Marie, Mich., August 12, 1S93.
[Epoch, 19.2 bourn, dock time, ^t = i- 9.00 ^ 80.]
— 4.31 a — 2.23p f «tf — 0.25--V0.06
-f 0.916« ~2.11p4-W-f 0.48= 1
4- 0.208a — 2.00p+M — 0.02= 1
— 0.108a — 1.71p + «e— 0.04= 0.65
-I- 0.914a — 1.66p + 6« f0.5»)= 0.57
— 0.011a — 1.57p-f W-h0.33= 0.75
4- 0.363a T-1.48p + 5^4-0. 12= 1
— 0.140a' — 1.28p^6«— 0.45= 0.67
-f 0.610a' — ].15pf«fl -f- 0.30= 1
h 0.991a' — 1.06p{«« f 0.59= 1
f 0.761a'— 0.92ph a« + 0.50= 1
— 1.482a' — 0.80p + W — 0.87= 0.23
+ 0. 174a'— 0.63pfa« — 0.24= 1
— 37. 05 a " I 0. 33p f M — 33. 0 = v 0. 001
+
14. 88a ' — 0. 35p f 69 {- 8. 80 - 0. 007
■\-
+
0.651a"
0.7J9O"
0.002a"
0.884a"
0.146a"
0. 604a "
+ 0.039a"
— 0.538a"
4-0.65p-f W-f 0.76:
L0.92p + ad-h0. 60:
1 0.99p + «tf— 0. 24:
H- 1. 02p f-6«4-0. 73:
H-1. 13p4-M + 0.07:
rT.28p4a« — 0.37:
-I 1.45pH- W f 0.05:
H.54p-f 6«4-0.05:
-f 0.l32a"M.'71p + «tf + 0.04;
-f 0.860a" + 1.88p4-«tf + 0.53:
-}- 0. 668a " -h 1. 99p }- 6$ {- 0. 67 :
-r
5.50a " + 2.18p } «tf
5.93
1
1
0.74
1
1
0.45
1
0.48
1
1
1
0.06
yormal equations.
[f 2.C3ja
— 2.97a
+ 1.63a
[ ^ 4. 021a'
[+6.53]a"
— 2.21 a' f-5.37a "
+ 2. 20 a ' f- 3. 89a "
— 2.97p 4- 1.63 «fl-f 0.81 = 0
— 2.21p +2.20 a«-f 2.36 = 0
+ 6.37p 4- 3.89 afl4-5.73 = 0
1 4-40. 201p 4- 0. 70 6$ 4- 1. 87 = 0
4- 0. 70 *p l4- 19. 67] atf 4- 5. 12= 0
Jiesulis.
8.
ie =^ 4- 0. 004
p =4-0. 020
a" = — 0.890
a ' = — 0. 579
a =—0.288
APPENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3361
Table 21. — Time determination j Ann Arbor, Mich,, July 10, 1893,
[Prof. Asaph Hall, Jr., observer.]
Star.
^ Tra. Min
fi Urs. Min
fi LibriP —
y» Urs. Min
y I Bootia..
Y Libne —
« Serpen tis.
I* Serpen tis
0 > Scorpii . ,
6 Opbiuchi ,
T Herculis.
0 Herculia .
0- Hcrculii). ,
q Ufcrculis..
< FrH. Min .
c Urs. Min .
5 T'ra. Min ,
1 Urti. Min .
109 Herculia..
X Draconis .
a Lvrae
llOHeroulis..
RLyrap
A Aquila;...
2 Aqoilse...
»Cygni...,
#Cypni....
«Cygni ....
a AquilsB...
^ Aqnilie...
X Cephei . . .
X Cephei . . .
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
*4 « I
5.
5!-0.04
41 + 0.04
Bb.
C
(c. +
abn.).
—0.1?; —0.92
+0.12 —0.92
ii:+ 0.02+0.01
11+0.02 +0.06
11+0.021 + 0.03
11 +0.02' +0.01
11
11
+ 0.02
+ 0.02
11 +0.02
11 +0.02
11, +0.02
llUo.02
11 1 +0.02
11 +0.02
0.02
+ 0.02
+ 0.01
+ 0.01
+0.03
+ 0.02
+0.03
4 0. 03
0. 02 —0. 13
0.02
6—0.07
3+0.07
+ 0.13
—0.90
+ 0.90
8+0.04+0.04
9+0.04+0.13
11+0.041+0.05
11+0.04 +0.04
11+0.04+0.06
ll,+0.04 i-0.C3
—0.25
—0.81
—0.33
—0.26
—0. 25
—0.25
—0.26
—0.25
—0.36
—0.27
—0. 33,
—0.32
Aa.
9.
Up.
Chron. time
of transit
=t.
h. tn.
-0.23—0.25 14 51 58.74
-0. 23,-0. 25 14 61 68. 50
Right as-
cension=a.
+0.09—0.22
—0. 18|— 0. 20
0. 001—0. 19
+0. 10,-0. 19
+0.071—0.18
+ 0.08-0.17
+0.11
+ 0.08
—0.01
+0.04
0.00
+0.01
—0.14
—0.13
—0.12
-O.JO
—0.09
—0.08
15 12 09.85
15 21 51.02
15 28 00. 45
15 30 27. 44
15 39 54.86
15 44 57. 14
16 00 08. 04
16 09 39. 38
16 17 26. 92
16 26 32. 29
16 31 34. 57
16 40 08. 97
-1.82 —0.54—0.05 16 57 58.60
-1. 82' —0. 64 —0. 05 16 67 58. 34
-4.16; —1.33
-4.16 —1.33
11+0.04
li;+0.04,
11+0.04
11+0.04
ll*+0.03
11+0.03
+ 0.03
+0. 05
+0.05
+ 0.05
+ 0.03
+ 0.03
4'_0.04;— 0.16
4+0.04+0.16
—0.27
—0.83
—0.32
—0. 26
—0.34
—0.25
—0.25
—0.40
—0.38
—0.35
—0.25
—0.25
—1.13
—1.13
+0.04
—0.19
+ 0.01
+0.04
0.00
+0.08
+0.06
+0.06
+ 0.08
+ 0.08
+ 0.10
+0.11
+0.13
+ 0.14
+0.07+0.17
—0.03+0.13
—0.02+0.19
—0. 01 +0. 20
+0.06+0.21
+0.07
—0.30
—0.30
+0.22
-^0.25
+0.25
18 08 01. 10
18 07 59. 30
18 20 03. 42
18 23 56. 63
18 34 14. 11
18 41 68. 61
18 53 00. 07
19 01 29. 44
19 21 01. 32
19 27 55. 95
19 34 20. 62
19 42 33. 00
19 46 28. 72
19 60 68. 41
20 13 27. 34
20 13 27. 02
h. m. g. s.
14 51 04.63—62.59
Chron.
correc-
tion
At.
15 11 16.
15 20 57.
15 27 07.
15 29 34.
16 30 01.
15 44 04.
15 59 15.
16 08 46.
16 16 33.
16 25 39.
16 SO 41.
16 39 16.
83—52.65
561-52. 3:5
33 —52. 63
49;— 52. 61
86—52. m
18—52. 64
12—52. 64
44'-^2. 65
76 —52. 70
37
58
04
—62.61
—52. 60
—52.57
{CO. —
ob.).
16 57 03. 28!— 52. 78
18 07 03. 241—51. 53
18 19 10. 72 —52. 59
18 23 02. 95 —52. 87
18 33 21.41—52.54
18 41 05. 81 —52. 63!
18 62 07. 22 —52. 70
19 00 36. 84 —52. 60
19 20 08. 74 —52. 60'
19 27 03. 05 —52. 701
19 33 36. 81 —52. 65'
19 41 40.28—52.611
19 45 36. 24 —52. 53'
19 50 06.91—52.67
9.
—.01
+.03
—.14
+ .01
—.01
+ .04
+ .02
+.02
+ .03
+.07
—.01
—.02
—.05
+ .04
—.11
—.03
+ .12
—.08
+ .01
+.08
—.02
-.02
+.07
+.02
—.01
—.09
—.05
20 12-33.04—52.96 +.12
Chronometer correction at 17.6 hoars: Chronometer time, —52.619: hoarly rate, +0.094; azimuth,
•fO.113.
Collimation=^c, Tel, D,
9.
—0. 231
—0. 230
Mean —0.230
EN0 94-
211
3362 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 22. — Obeervation equations, Ann Arbor, Mich., July IC, 1893,
[Epoch, 17.5 hours, A*= —62.00 4- 8*.l
— 2. Ola — 2.68p-fa» 4- 1- 07 =» 0. ie5
+ 0.790-
--l.«3a
+ 0.02a ■
+ 0.8ea
+ 0. 58a
+ 0.7la
-f 0. 94a -
-f 0.72a
—0.11a
4- 0. 38a -
— 0.01a-
+ 0. 07a-
-2.33p+««4-0. 78:
-2. 18p + «« + 0.71:
-2. U(V> + ««-!- 0.82:
-2. 03p4-5«-f 0.70:
-1.87,0 4- 5^ + 0.77:
-1.78p-f«tf 4-0.73:
■ 1.53p4-W4-0.67 =
. 1. 37p 4- W 4- 0. 70 :
.1.24>4- W4-0.83t
l.ODp 4- 5^4-0.67:
.1.00p4- W4-0.69:
. 0. 8«p 4- *« 4- 0. 64 :
1
0.24
74
__ 4. 74a — 0. 68p +tB 4- 1. 37 = 0. 052
— 11. 82a 4- 0. 60p 4- fid + 0. 80 = V 0. 01
4- 0. 38a 4- 0. 80p 4- 20 4- 0. 47
— 1.70a -f 0. 87p 4- 60 -f 0. 98
4- 0. 08a + 1. 04p 4- M 4- 0. 43
4- 0. 40a 4- 1. 17p 4- W 4- 0. 48
— 0. 04d 4- 1. 35p 4- «0 4- 0. 57
4- O.74a4-l-49p4-60 4-O.38
0.48 =
4-
4-
4-
0. 64a 4- 1. 82p 4- £0 4- 0. 36 .
0. 20a 4- 1. d3p + W 4- 0. 55 :
0. 2Ia 4- 2. 05p + 60 4 0.48:
0. Ofla 4- 2. 17p -f 60 + 0. 42:
0. 56a -H 2. 24p 4- 60 4- 0. 26 :
0. 59a 4- 2. ?2p 4- 60 4- 0. 28
Normal equations.
[4'11.06]a — 8.18p -f 6.17 60+ 2.86 = 0
— 3.18a [+63.00]p— 0.56 60— 5.91=0
+ 6. 17o — 0. 56p [+ 21. 87] 60+ 12. 90 = 0
Results.
0.96
0.223
1
1
1
1
1
0.67
0.69
1
1
1
— 2.63u + 2.69p + 60 + l.Ol= 0.115
60
P
9.
— 0.619
+ 0.094
+ 0. 118
APPENDIX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 336
Table 23. — Time determination, Ann Arbor, JftcA., Juhj 15, 1S9S,
[Prof. Asaph Hl^ll, Jr^ olMerver.]
Star.
fi Urs. Hin
^ Libne
y ■ Urs. Min . . . .
yifiootis
y Librae
aSerpentis
M Serpentis ....
^>Sco^pii
6 Ophiachi
T Iierculis
^ Herciilis
w Herculis
n Herculis
c Urs. Min
• Urs. Min
a Urs. Min
a Urs. Min
109 Herculis
X Draconis
aLTno
110 Herculis
R Lyne
A AquilsD
a AquilsB
iCypii
• Cygni
aCygni
a Aquile
ft AquilsD
X Cepbei
X Opbei
o
Dlr.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
l>ir.
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Bef.
Dir.
11
11
11
11
7
11
11
b.
9.
+0. 03
+0.02
+0.02
-fO.02
+0.02
+0.02
+0.02
Bh.
11 +0. 02
11+0.02
11 +0.02
11
11
11
5
5
+ 0.02
+0.02
+0.02
—0.07
+0.07
4—0.06
4J+0.06
11
9
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
5
4
+0.01
+0.01
+0.01
+0.01
+0.01
+0.01
+0.
+0.
+ 0.
+ 0.
+ 0.
+0.
01
01
01
01
01
01
+0.08
+0.02
+0.07
+ 0.03
+ 0.01
+0.02
+ 0.02
+0.01
+ 0.01
+0.03
+0.02
+0.03
+0.02
—0.88
+0.38
—0.71
+0.71
+0.01
+ 0.02
+0.01
+0.01
+0.02
+0.01
+0.01
+0.02
+ 0.02
+ 0.02
+0.01
+ 0.01
0.
(c. +
aon.).
9.
—0.61
—0.17
—0.53
—0.22
—0.17
—0.16
—0.16
—0.17
—0.16
—0.24
—0.18
—0.22
—0.21
—1.20
—1.20
—2.75
—2.75
—0.18
—0.55
—0.21
—0.17
—0.23
—0.16
—0.18
-0.26
—0.25
—0.23
—0.17
—0.16
—0.10—0.35 —0.75
+0.10+0.35; —0.75
Aa.
Rp,
8. s.
—0. 06 —0. 34
I
+0. 03 -0. 80
—0. 05 —0. 28
0. OOj— 0. 26
+0. 03'— 0. 26
+0. 02—0. 24
+0.02—0.23
+ 0.03—0.19
+ 0.02-0.17
0. 00 —0. 16
+0.01—0.14
0. 00—0. 13
0. OO!— 0. 11
—0.15
—0.15
—0.38
—0.38
+0.01
—0.05
0.00
+0.01
0.00
+0.02
+0.02
—0.01
-0.01
0.00
+0.02
+0.02
—0.08
—0.08
—0.07
—0.07
+0.08
+0.08
+0.10
+0. 11
+0.13
+0. 15
+0.17
+0.19
+0.23
+0.26
+ 0.26
+0.28
+0.28
+0.29
+0.34
+0.34
Chron. time
of transit
h. m. s.
14 51 42. 08
15 11 54.06
15 21 34. 65
15 27 44.52
15 30 11. 68
15 30 39. 07
15 44 41. 43
15 59 52. 32
16 09 23. 61
16 17 11.00
16 26 16. 52
16 31 18. 67
16 39 63. 08
16 57 41.72
16 57 40. 95
18 07 43. 95
18 07 42. 53
18 10 47. 65
18 23 40. 28
18 33 58. 28
18 41 42. 68
18 52 44. 17
19 01 13. 67
10 20 45. 55
19 27 39. 82
19 84 13. 65
19 42 17. 03
19 46 12. 99
19 50 42.62
20 13 11. 27
20 13 10. 56
Right as-
cension —a.
A. 7n, 9.
14 51 04. 27
15 11 16.79
15 20 57. 26
15 27 07. 25
15 29 34. 46
15 30 01. 83
15 44 04. 15
15 59 15. 10
16 08 46. 42
16 16 33. 68
16 25 39. 34
16 30 41. 51
16 39 15. 98
16 57 02. 70
Chron.
correc-
tion
A t.
Vp
(CO.
ob.l
9. 9.
—36.88, +
—36.86
—36.60;
—36. 82
•36. 63
—36.88
—36.93
—36.90
—36. 89
-36.95
—36.89
—36.84
—30.80
18 07 01. 98'— 38. 21
18 19 10. 73—36. 86
18 23 02. 83—37. 08
18 33 21.411—36.80
18 41 05. 83—36. 85
18 52 07. 23—36. 90
19 00 36.89—36.84
19 20 08.79—36.86
19 27 03. 07 —36. 75
19 33 36. 85 —36. 82
19 41 40. 32 —36. 78
19 45 36. 30 —36. 83
19 50 05.97—36.81
20 12 83. 07
—37.36
+
+
+
+
—37.22 +.
+ ■
+
+
+
+
+.
Chronometer oorrection at 17.5 hours : Chronometer time, — 86*.854: honrly rate, +0*.127: azimut
+0».032.
Collimation = o.
9.
—0. 172
—0. 122
Mean —0. 147
3364 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 24. — Ohset-vation equations, Ann Arbor, Mich., July 15, IS9S.
[Epoch, 17.5 hours, chronometer time. At = — 36. 00 + £(>.]
2. Ola — 2. 68p 4- M + 1. 28 = »0. 19
+ 0.79a -
- 1. 63o
+ 0. 02a
+ 0. 86a •
+ 0. 58a -
-f 0.71a
-f 0. 91a •
-f 0. 72a ■
— 0.11a-
-H 0. 38a •
— O.Ola
-f 0.07a-
.2. 33p-f W+1. 12-
■ 2. 18p+ £9 + 0.93:
2. 06p + «d-f 1.08:
• 2. 03p-|- W+1. 06:
1.87p + a«4-1.10:
1.78p-f ««+1.14:
• 1. 53p +
1. 37p +
1. 24p -f
1.09p-f
- 1. OOp 4-
0. 86p -f
8$+ 1.06:
««-fl.04:
«(> + l. 11:
««4-1.02
Be -f 0. 97 :
£0+0.91:
.24
.93
.74
— 11. 82a + 0. OOp + aa + 2. 61 = u 0. 009
+ 0. 38a + 0. 80p + £9 + 0. 75
— 1. 70a + 0. 87p + £tf + 0. 92
+ 0. 08a + 1.04p + £9 + 0.67=:
+ 0.40a + l. 17p + £9 + 0.69 =
— 0. 04a + 1. 35p + £9 + 0. 73 =
+ 0.74a + 1.49p+.£9 + 0.63 =
+ 0. 64a + 1. 82p + £9 + 0. 61 =
— 0.26a + 1.93p + £9+0.51 =
— 0.21a + 2. 05p + £9 + 0. 57 =
— 0.06a + 2.17p + £9+0.50 =
+ 0. B6o + 2. 24p + £9 + 0. 53 =
+ 0.59a +2. 32p + £9 + 0. 50 —
= 0.223
1
0.
1
1
1
1
1
0.67
0.69
1
1
1
— 4.74a — 0.68p + £9 + 1.44= 0.052 | — 2.63a + 2.89p + £9+ 1.10= 0.122
Normal equations.
[ + 11. 02]a — 2. 97p +6. 07 £9 + 5. 20= 0
— 2.97a [+62.971p -0.13 £9— 7.99=0
+ 6. 07o — 0. 13p [+21. 86] £9 + 18. 48 i= 0
Besults.
£9 = - 0.854
p = — 0.127
a= + 0. 032
APPENDIX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3365
Table 25.- Time determinationf Ann Arbor, Mich,, July 19, 1893,
[Prof. Asaph Hall, jr., observer.]
Star.
o
OB
>
c Urs.Mln Kof.
«UrB. Mln Dir.
ifOpbiuchi D
ir Hercnlifl D
^ Draconis D
{ Serpentis
c Hercnlis
|i Hercalis
Y DraconiB D
72 0phiachi D
liSagittarii D
n Serpentis | D
X DraconiB ; D
aLyrffi D
5lH.Ceph.L. C. Ref.
61H. Ceph.L. C. Dlr.
ATTra-Min Dlr.
fi Aqnilffi . . . .
9 Aqnilffi . . . .
o^ Seq. Cygnl.
a* Capricomi .
yCymi
9 Cepnei
a Cygni
ii Cepbei
32 Talpecule —
K Cygni
V Aqaarii
a Eqnalei
1 H. Drac. L. C ...
1 H. Drac. L. C . - -
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dtr.
11
4
4
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
0
4
2
hr
Bb,
a
(C.+
abn.).
9.
—0.12
+0.12
+0. 02
4-0. 02
+ 0.02
+ 0.02
+ 0.02
+0.02
+0.01
+0.01
+0.01
+0.01
+0.01+0.02
0. 00 0. 00
8.
—0.68
+ 0.68
+ 0.01
I 0.02
+0. 03
+ 0.01
+ 0.02
-1-0.02
+ 0.02
+-0.01
0.00
+0. 01
—1.40
—1.40
-0.20
—0.24
-0.31
—0.20
-0.27
—0.21
-0.31
-0.19
—0.20
—0.10
-0.64
—0.25
—0.07+0.90 +3.91
+ 0.07—0.90! +3.91
3+0.01
11+0.01
11+0.01
11 +0.01
6+0.01
Hi +0.01
llj+O.Ol
11| + 0.01
11+0.02
11+0.02
11+0.02
11 +0. 02
11+0.02
0.27.-10.60
+ 0.01
+0. 01
+0.02
+ 0.01
+ 0.02
+ 0.03
[0.02
+ 0.03
+0.02
+ 0.02
+ 0.01
+ 0.02
6—0.09 +0.37
6+0.09,-0.37
—0.19
-0.19
—0.27
—0.20
—0.25
—0.41
—0.27
—0.40
—0.21
-0.26
-0.20
-0. 19:
+ 1.33
+ 1.33
Aa.
Up.
Chronome-
ter time
of transit
«. 9.
—0. 20 —0. 30
—0. 20—0. 30
+0. 04 j— 0.28
+0. or— 0.27
—0.01—0.23
+ 0.041—0.22
0. 00 —0. 21
—0.01
—0.20
—0. 01 -0. 17
+ 0.02—0.15
+0.04' -0.14
+0.03—0.12
—0. 07—0. 10
0. 00 —0. 08
i 0.68'— 0.04
-1-0. 68—0. 04
—1.75
+0.05
+0.03+0.09
+ 0.031 + 0.13
0.001 + 0.14
+0.04+0.14
O.OOUO. 15
—0. 03 +0. 18
0. 00 f 0. 20
-0.01+0.21
+ 0.01-0.23
0.00+0.23,
+ 0.04+0.26
+0.03. ! 0.27
+0.25' + 0.30
+0.25+0.30
Riffht as-
cen^on = 1
Chron. .-
cftrrec- ^P^
tion ,(«?• —
h. tn. 9.
16 57 29.02
16 57 27. 66
17 04 41. 61
17 11 46. 19
17 28- 28. 07
17 31 54. 77
17 36 53. 77
17 42 43. 16
17 64 34. 45
18 02 43. 56
18 07 49. 20
18 16 13. 49
18 23 27. 63
18 33 45. 85
18 60 22. 36
18 50 24. 16
19 31 27. 05
10 50 30. 32
20 06 13. 98
20 10 42. 51
20 12 34. 18
20 18 49. 94
20 28 14. 38
20 38 13. 65
20 43 33. 81
20 50 26. 50
20 53 37. 56
21 04 12. 81
21 10 55. 07
21 22 08.34
21 22 09. 08
h. m. 9. 9. I 9.
16 57 02.19-24.25 +.01
17 04 16. 88
17 11 21.52
17 28 03.43
17 31 30. 18
17 36 29. 13
17 42 18. 61
17 64 09.81
18 02 19. 04
18 07 24. 72;
18 16 48.921
18 23 02. 70
18 33 21. 40
6 50 05. 20
19 30 52. 40
19 60 06. 01
20 05 40. 68
20 10 18. 19
20 12 09. 93
20 18 25. 71
20 27 49. 81
20 37 49. 44
20 43 09. 36
20 50 02. 36
20 53 13. 38
21 03 48.71
21 10 30. 99
-24.80
-24. 19
-24.12
-24. 22
-24. 18
-24.15
I
-24. 171
-24. 21 1
-24.18
-24. 3o;
-24, 14'
-24.12
+.10
-.01
-.06
+.02
—.02
—.05
-.02
+ .01
—.02
+.10
-.03
-.08
-22.61 -.13
—22. 62
—24. 25
-24. 28
-24.21
—24. 19
-24.15
—24.34
—.05
+ .05
+.08
+.01
-.01
—.05
+.09
-24. 16; -.04
-24.26 +.04
-24.19
-24.18
-24.21
-24.21
-.01
—.02
+ .01
+ .01
9 21 46.58—24.01 - .04
Chronometer correction at 19.2 boars: Chronometer time, — 24*. 201; hourly rat«, + 0*.135; azi-
muth, + 0'.O43.
Collimation = c.
9.
—0. 216
— C. 131
Mean —0. 174
3366 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 26. — Observation equations, Ann Arbor, Mich,, July 19, 189S.
[Epoob, 19.2 hoars, chronometer time. A< = — 24. 00 + 6$.]
—•4. 74a — 2. 22p + M +0. 75= »0. 049
+ 0.879a— 2. OOp + M +0.54= 0.99
+ 0.117o*-l.»7p-|-M + 0.46= 1
— 0. 287o— 1. 69p + M + 0. 36= 0. 65
+ 0.876a— 1.64p 4- «« + 0.40= 1
— 0.095a — 1.57p-HW + 0.39= 0.75
+ 0.283a- 146p + M + 0.36=: 1
— 0.257a— 1.27p + M + 0.35= 0.67
+ 0.548a— 1.12^ + 69+0.34= 1
+ 0. 958a -1.04p + «* + 0.28= 1
+ 0.711a— 0.90p + M + 0.39= 1
— 1.700a— 0.77p + fifl + 0.31= 0.23
+ 0.080a — 0.61p + 50 + 0.20= 0.97
+15.870a— 0.33p+M~2.03= 0.006
—40.58a + 0. 34p + M+0. 32= V 0.0006
+ 0. 593a + 0.67p + M + 0.13:
+ 0.688a + 0.93p + M+0. 12 =
+ 0. 105a + 1. Olp + M + 0. 07:
+ 0. 842a + 1. 04p + 80 + 0. 01 :
+ 0.054a+l. Up + M— 0.00:
— 0. 756a + 1. 80p + M + 0. 19 :
— 0. 064a + 1
— 0. 686a + 1.
+ 0. 286a + 1
+ 0. 035a + 1
+ 0. 827a + 1.
+ 0.610a + 2.
47p+M— 0.04
5Qp+ £0 + 0.08:
,67p + M— 0. 05:
73p4.W_0.05:
QOp + 50 — 0.09:
Olp + 50 — 0.09:
1
1
0.74
0.90
1
0.45
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
+ 5.81a +2.20p + 50-0.54= 0.092
Not null equations,
[ +11.70]o + 0.17p -f 6.95 50+0.91 = 0
+ 0.17a [+43.87JP + 0.40 50 — 5.84=:0
+ 6.95a + 0.40p [+20. 94] 50 +3. 88=0
Besults,
50:
p
•—
8,
— 0.201
4.0.185
+ 0.043
APPENDIX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3367
Table 27.^-21»m« determinaiUmf Ann Arbor, Mich,, July SO, 1893.
[Prof. Asaph Hall, Jr., obserrer.]
Star.
sTJra. Min
cXTra. Min
ilOphiachi
V Hercnlis
^Draconis
f Serpentis
AHercalis
fk Hercnlis
^Draconis......
72 0phiachi
^Sagittarii
il Serpentis
X Draconis
«Lyr»
5lH.Cepli.L.C..
51H.Ck)ph.L.C..
^ AqniUe
# Aquil»
O^Seq. Cygni
«*Capriconii
aCygni
qCephei
82 YalpecnlB
rCygni
9 Aquaril
aEqnnlel
lH.Drao.L.C ..
IH. I>rac.L.C ..
a
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
J)
D
D
D
J)
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
^"^
8.
6—0.11
6+0.11
11 +0. 03
ir+0.03
111+0.03
111+0.04
11' +0.04
11+0.04
11 +0.04+0.07
11+0.05 +0.04
11, + 0.05 +0.02
111+0.05+0.04
11+0.06+0.15
11 +0. 06 +0. 07
Bb.
8.
-4). 82
+0.02
+0.01
+0.04
+0.05
+0.02
+ 0.06
+0.04
3—0.18+2.32
3+0.18—2.32
11
11
+0.07
+0.07
111+0.07
7+0.07
ll!+0 07
11 +0. 07
11+0.07
11+0.07
+0. 07
+0.07
+ 0.07
+0.07
11
11
11
11
—0.21
+0.21
+0.05
+0.06
+0.10
+0.04
+0.09
+0.14
+0.10
+0.14
+0.08
+0.09
+0.04
+0.06
+0.81
—0.81
0.
(C.+
abn.).
«.
—1.51
— L51
—0.21
—0.26
—0.33
—0.21
—0.29
—0.23
—0.33
—0.21
—0.22
—0.21
—0.69
—0.26
+4.20
+4.20
—0.21
—0.20
—0.29
—0.21
—0.27
—0.44
—0.29
—0.43
—0.23
-4). 27
—0.21
—0.21
+ 1.43
+1.43
Aa.
8.
—0.11
—0.11
+0.02
0.00
—0.01
+0.02
0.00
+0.01
—0.01
+0.01
+0.02
+0.02
—0.04
0.00
+0.37
+0.37
+0.01
+0.02
0.00
+0.02
0.00
—0.02
0.00
—0.02
+0.01
0.00
+0.02
+0.01
+0.13
+0.13
Rp.
».
—0.18
—0.18
—0.17
—0.16
—0.14
—0.13
—0.13
-0.12
—0.10
—0.09
— <».08
—0.07
—0.06
—0.05
-0.03
—0.03
+0.05
+0.07
+0.08
+0.08
Chronome-
ter time
of tranait
h, fit. t,
16 57 25. 88
16 57 24. 65
17 04 38. 47
17 11 43.07
17 28 24. 98
17 31 61. 60
17 36 50. 59
17 42 40. 01
17 64 ft. 32
18 02 40. 48
18 07 46. 19
18 16 10.40
18 23 24.49
18 33 42. 76
18 50 19. 26;
18 60 23. 90
19 60 27. 32
20 06 10. 94
20 10 39. 47
20 12 31. 18
+0.09! 20 18 47.00
+0.10 20 28 11.25
Right as-
cension.=a.
+0.12
+0.13
+0.13
+0. 14
+0.15
+0.16
+0.18
+0.18
20 38 10. 72
20 43 30. 77
20 60 23. 52
20 53 34. 58
21 04 09. 79
21 10 62. 12
21 22 05.58
21 22 07.20
Chron.
correc-
tion
A*.
I
k. tn. 8.
16 57 02. 07
17 04 16. 96
17 11 21. 51
17 28 03.41
17 31 30. 18
17 36 29. 12
17 42 18. 61
17 54 09. 80
18 02 19. 04
18 07 24. 72
18 15 48. 92
18 23 02. 67
18 33 21. 40
6 50 05. 41
19 60 06k 02
20 05 49. 69
20 10 18. 20
20 12 09. 94
20 18 25. 72
20 27 49. 82
20 37 49. 45
20 43 09. 37
20 50 02. 37
20 63 13. 39
21 03 48.73
21 10 31. 01
9 21 46. 56
—21.39
-21. 16
-21. 18
-21. 14
-21. 12
-21. 11
-21. 10
-21. 15
-21. 19
-21.21
-21. 26
-21. 18
-21. 12
-20. 71
ypv
(CO. —
ob.).
+.05
-21.20
—21. 19
—21. 16
-21. 17
-21. 19
—21. 21
—21. 20
—21. 12
—21. 14
—21. 15
—21.06
—21. 13
—21. 57
00
+.02
—.02
—.04
—.04
—.06
—.01
+.03
+.05
+.10
+.01
—.04
—.03
+.04
+.03
.00
+.01
+.03
+.03
+.04
—.03
— 02
—.01
—.10
—.03
+.09
Chronometer correction at 19.2 hoars : Chronometer time,
+0. 023.
Collimation==o,
8.
0.178
—0.197
—21.165; hourly rate, +0.080; asimatlu
Kean— 0. 188
3368 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Table 28. — Ohservaiian equationSf Ann Arhor, Mich., July 20, 1893.
[Epoch, 19.2 boars chronometer time. ^t=~- 21.00 + i$.]
— 4.74a — 2.22p-f «« + 0.68
=.(f
+
+
+
+
0.879a
0.1i7a
0. 287a
0. 87t)a
0.005a
0.283a
0. 257o
0.548a
0. doSa
0.7na
1.700a
0. 080a
-2.09p+5d4-0.31=:
-1.97p + fi» + 0.34 =
-1. e9p4-«tf + 0.29 =
- 1. 64p -I- fifl + 0. 23 =
-1.57p-HW + 0.24 =
-1.46p + «tf-h0.21 =
— 1.27p 4-^ + 0.26 =
— l.i2p + «d-|-0.27 =
— 1.04p + W + 0.27 =
— 0.90p + «fl + 0.31 =
— 0.77p + 6d+0.28 =
— 0.61p-+-i«-f 0.17 =
062
1
1
0.65
1
0.76
1
0.67
1
1
1
0.23
1
+ 15.87 a — 0.33p ^9 — 0.63= 0.005
- 0. 064a + 1. 47p + W -f 0. 08 :
— 0. 686a + 1. 56p -H M -f 0. 11 :
+ 0. 286a + 1. 67p + £« 0.00 =
-}- 0. 035a 4- 1. 73p + M 4- 0. 01 =
+ 0. 827a -f- 1. Wp + W — 0. 11 =
-I- 0. 610a + 2. Olp + W — 0. 04 =
+ 6. 81 a + 2. 20p + 69 + 0. 26= 0. 052
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
Xormal equations.
[-hll.41]a + 0.23p -f 6.98 ««-+- 0.87=0
+ 0.23a[+43.97]p + 0.38 M — 3.48 = 0
4- 6.98a 4- 0. 38 p [4- 21. 01] M 4. 8. 27 = 0
Eesults.
60=
a =
8,
— 0.165
4-0.080
4-0.023
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3369
Table 29. — Time determination, Ann Arbor, Mich,, July 26, 1893,
[Prof. Asaph Hall, Jr., observer.]
Star.
(Urn. Min
( Urs. Min
m Ophiuchi
ir Hercalis
^ Draconis
(SerpeDtis
f Herculis
fi Herculis
xDraconis
72 Ophiuchi
I*. Sagittarii
i| Serpentis
X I>racoiiis
aLyraa*
51 H. Cepb.L".C...
^ AquiliB
tf AqniliB
•> Seq. Cygni
vCyml
$ Cepnei
aCjgni
m Cephei
32 Vulpecul®
vCygni :....
V Aquarii
a Eqnnlei
1 H.DracL. C. ..
1 H. I>rac. L. C . . .
o
00
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
J)
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
3
2
11
11
11
11
11
h.
t.
0.00
o.»o
+0.03
+ 0.04
+0.04
+ 0.04
+ 0.04
11+0.04
8
11
+0.04
+0.04
Bb.
t.
0.00
0.00
+0.02
+ 0.04
+0.06
+ 0.02
+ 0.05
+0.04
+ 0.06
+0.03*
li:+0.a4+0.02
111+0.04
11; -h 0.04
11; +0.04
61+0.04
11
11
+0.05
i-0.05
8+0.05
11
II
+0.05
+0. Ob
6+0.05
11
11
11
11
11
5
5
f-0.05
+0. 05
+ 0.05
f0.05
+ 0.05
0.00
0.00
+ 0.03
+ 0.12)
+0.05
o.
(0.+
abn.).
f.
—1.49
—1.49
—0.21
—0.25
—0.33
—0.21
—0.29
—0.23
—0.33
—0.21
—0.22
—0.20
—0.08
—0.26
—0.58 +4.16
+0.04 —0.20
+ 0.03 —0.20
+0.07j —0.29
+0.06 —0.26
+ O.IO; —0.44
+0. 07
tO. 10
+ 0.05
+ 0.06
+0. 03
+0.04
0.00
0.00
—0.28
—0.42
—0.23
—0. 27
—0.21
—0.20
+ 1.42
+ 1.42
Aa.
Rp.
s.
Chronome-
ter time of
transit = t.
Right As-
cension = a.
Chron.
correc-
tion.
(CO.—
ob.).
s.
h. m. g.
h. fn. f.
#.
+ 3.90
—0.30
16 57 02. 83
16 67 01. 23
—3.71
^^
20
+3.90
—0.30
—0.28
16 57 02. 83
17 04 22. 79
—0.72
17 04 18. 93
—4.67
+.
03
—0.10
0.26
17 11 26.63
17 11 21.43
—4.63
01
+0.24
—0.22
17 28 08. 09
17 28 03. 30
—4.54
•.^
08
—0.72
—0.22
17 31 35. 96
17 31 30. 16
—4.67
+.
03
+ 0.08
-0.21
17 36 33. 92
17 36 29. 03
—4.62
10
—0.23
—0.19
17 42 23. 74
17 42 18. 56
—4.67
— .
07
+ 0.21
—0.17
17 54 14. 49
17 54 09.70
—4.66
06
-0.46
-0.15
18 02 24. 45
18 02 19.02
—4.65
+.
01
—0.79
—0.14
18 07 30. 46
18 07 24. 72
—4.61
03
0.58
—0.12
18 15 54.61 18 15 48.92
—4.821 +.
18
+ 1.40—0.10
18 23 06. 33 18 23 02. 44
—4.63
00
—0.07
-0.08
18 33 26. 38 18 33 21. 34
—4.68
+.
04
-13.07
—0.04
18 50 16. 66 6 50 07. 09
—0.04
— .
87
—0.40
+ 0.09
19 50 11. 33
19 50 06. 06
—4.72
+.
08
—0.57
+0.12
20 05 55. 03 20 05 49. 75
—4.66
+.
02
0.09
+0.13
20 10 22. 82
20 10 18. 22
—4.42
18
—0.04
+ 0.15
20 18 30. 41
20 18 25. 76
—4.56
_ ,
08
+0.62
+0.17
20 27 54. 071 20 27 49. 84
—4.68
+.
03
+0. 05
+0.20
20 37 64. 12 20 37 49. 51
-^.65
+ .
01
+ 0.56
+ 0.21
20 43 13. 74
20 43 09.42
-4.77
+.
09
—0.24
+ 0.22
20 60 07. 25
20 60 02. 44
—4.61
03
—0.03
+0.23
20 53 18. 15 20 53 13. 46
—4.68
+.
04
—0.68
+ 0.25
21 03 54. 08
21 03 48. 82
—4.65
+.
01
—0.50
+0.27
21 10 36. 17
21 10 31. 10
—4.68
t-
04
—4.78
+0.29
21 21 65. 12
9 21 46. 51
— ff.54
+.
21
—4.78
+0.29
21 21 56. 13
i
Chronometer oorrection at 19.2 hours: Chronometer time,— 4.643; hourly rate, +0.133; azimuth,
—0.822.
ColHmation = c»
s.
— 0.194
— 0. 178
Mean— 0.18S
3370 REPOET OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY,
- Table 30. — Observation equations, Ann Arbor, Mich,, July 36, 1893,
[Epoch, 19.2 hoars, dock time, Af = — 4*.0O + S0.]
+
+
+
+
4.74 a-
0.879a-
0.1l7a-
0.287a-
0. 876a •
0.095a
0.283a
0.257a-
0.548a-
0.958a-
0.711a-
l. 700a-
0.080a-
P
• 2. 22a + a^ — 3. 89 = V 0. 045
-2.09J+W + 1. 87= 1
-1.97p-ha«-f0. 99= 1
-1. fl9p + ««-f 0. 62= 0.85
.1.64p4-fi»+l. 61= 1
-1.67P 4- «<>-}- 0.65= 0.76
-1.4flp + 8«-f 0.09= 1
-1.27p4-«fl + 0.62= 0.64
-1. 12p + W + 1.25= 1.
-1.04p + «fl + l. 64= 1.
-O.OOp-f 8(>-f 1.52= 1.
.0.77p4-M— 0. 67= 0.23
■ 0.61p-f W-+-0. 83= 1.
■f 15. 87 a — 0. 33p + «• -f 9. 15— 0. 006
P
+ 0. 593a 4- 0. e7p 4- M + 1. ll = t? 1
+ 0.688a + 0.93p-f M+ 1.11= 1
-h 0. 105a 4- 1. Olp 4- M 4- 0. 38= 0. 70
4- 0. 054a 4- 1. 14p 4- «fl 4- 0. 45 = 1
— 0.76«a4-1.30p4-M — 0. 11= 0.45
—0. 064a 4. 1. 47p 4- W 4- 0. 40
—0. 686a 4- 1. 56p 4-30 — 0. 00
63 =
— u. Dooa 4- 1. oop -f- Off — V. uu
4- 0. 286a 4- L 67p 4- a« 4- 0. 63
4- 0. 035a 4- 1. 73p 4- BO f 0. 48
4- 0. 827a 4- 1. 90p 4- M + 1- 08
4- 0. 610a 4- 2. Olp 4- 89 4- 0. 91
4- 5. 81 a + 2. 20p 4- 89 4- 8- 03= 0. 062
0.90
0.48
1.
1.
1.
1.
Normal equatians.
[+9. 321a— 0.70p 4- 6.17 89 4-11.72 = 0
— 0.70a[4-42.62[p — 0.72 89— 6.70=0
4- 6. 17 a— 0. 72 p [4- 19. 90J 89 + 17. 97 = 0
Eeaults.
89=— 0.643
p= 4. 0.133
a=— 0.822
APPENDIX D D B— NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3371
Table 31.^ Time determination, Ann Arbor , Mich., Awfutt 6, XS$3,
[First Lieut. CbarlM S. Bich6, observer.]
Btor.
< Urs. Min
€ JJth. Min
If Ophiacbi
irBTerculia
fi Draconis
( Serpentia •
t Heronlis.......
ft. Hercullfl ,
y Draconis .
72 Ophiucbi .
^ Sagittarii.
i| Serpentia.
X Draconis .
a Lyrae
61 H. Cepb. L. C
fi Aqnilfl)
0 Aqail»
o * Seq . Cypii .
a* Capricorni. . .
y C.v^i ,
0 Cephei
aCjgni.
-q Cephei
82 Tulpecnlffi.
V Cygni
9 Aqnarii . . .
a Ekjunlei . . .
1 H. Drac. L.C...
1 H. Drac. L. C...
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Bef.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
h.
—0.09
+0.09
Bb.
».
—0.49
+0.49
11 +0.
11 +0.
11+0.
11 +0.
11+0.
11
+0.
06+0.03
06 +0. 07
U5I+0.08
05 +0. 03
05+0.07
05 +0. 06
O.
(c. +■
abn.).
11 +0.04+0.07
11 +0.04 +0.03
11 +0.04 +0.02
11 +0.04+0.03
11 +0.03+0.09
11+0.03+0.04
11
11
11
3
11
11 +0. 09
+0.01
+0.07
+ 0.08
+0.08
+0.08
+0.09
11
11
11
11
11
11
3
4
+0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
10
10
11
11
12
12
—0.20
+0.20
—0.07
+0.06
+0.06
+0.12
+0.05
+0.10
+0.19
+0.14
+0.21
+ 0.12
+0.14
+ 0.07
+0.10
+ 0.77
—0.77
t.
-1.23
—1.23
-0.17
—0.21
-0.27
—0.17
—0.24
—0.19
—0.17
—0.18
-0.17
-0.66
—0.21
+3.42
—0.17
—0.17
—0.24
-0.17
—0.22
—0.36
—0.23
—0.19
—0.22
—0.17
—0.17
+1.16
+ 1.16
Aa.
9.
+4.82
+4.82
—0.89
—0.12
+0.29
—0.89
^0.10
—0.29
Rfi.
Chronome-
ter time of
transit = t.
Right as-
cension = a.
Chron.
correc-
tion
f.
—0.08
—0.08
—0.08
—0.07
-0.06
—0.06
—0.06
—0.05
+0. 26 —0. 05
—0.56
—0.97
—0.72
—0.04
—0.04!
—0.03;
+ 1.73—0.03
—0.08—0.02
-16. 14'— 0. 01
—0.60
—0.70
-^.11
-<).8e
—0.05
+0.77
+0. 07
-t-0.70
—0.29
+ 0.01
+ 0.02
+ 0.03
+0.04
+ 0.04
+ 0.04
+0.05
+ 0.06
+0.06
—0.04; +0.0(5
—0.84+0.07
—0. 62 +0. 07
—5.91
—5.91
+0.08
+0.08
h. tn. B.
16 56 84. 56
16 56 33. 58
17 03 55. 92
17 10 59. 53
17 27 40. 84
17 31 09. 16
17 36 06. 87
17 41 56.77
17 53 47. 33
18 01 57. 61
18 07 03. 73
18 16 27. 66
18 22 38. 78
18 32 59. 46
18 50 00. 09
19 49 44. 72
20 05 28. 50
20 09 56. 05
20 11 48. 93
20 18 03. 75
20 27 27. 37
20 37 27. 51
20 42 47. 01
20 49 40. 72
20 52 51. 53
21 03 27. 65
21 10 09. 77
21 21 28. 14
21 21 29. 09
h. m. 8. t.
16 56 50.56+21.98
17 04 16. 84
17 11 21. 27
17 28 03. 05
17 31 80. 10
17 36 28. 84
17 42 18. 45 +22. 16
17 54 09. 49
18 02 18. 96
18 07 24. 69
+22.03
+ 22.07
+22.17
+ 22.03
+ 22.10
Vpv
(CO. —
ob.).
9.
+.02
+22.15
+22.09
1+22.13
6 50 10. 65
19 50 06. 11
20 05 49. 81
20 10 18. 23
20 12 10. 09
20 18 25. 79
20 27 49. 82
20 37 49. 56
20 43 09. 44
20 50 02. 53
20 53 13. 54
21 03 48. 95
21 10 31. 23
18 15 48.881+22.11
18 23 01.92+21.91
18 33 21.26+22.07
+23.36
+22.09
+22. 10
+22. 38;
^22.10
+ 22.17!
+ 21.81
+22.02
+21.81,
+22. 11!
+22. 07
+22. 17
4-22.081
+ .06
+.m
-.06
+.06
—.01
—.07
—.05
00
—.04
— 02
+ .09
+.02
—.10
.00
—.01
—.25
—.01
—.08
+ .19
+ .07
+.20
—.02
+ .02
—.08
+ .01
9 21 46.64+22.40' —.07
Chronometer correction at 19.2 hours: Chronometer time, +22.093; hourly rate, +0.036; azimuth,
— 1.017.
Collimation = 0.
8.
—0.123
-0.200
—0. 126
Mean- 0. 150
3370 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
- Table 30. — Observation equations, Ann Arbor, Mich., July 26, 1893,
[Epoch, 19.2 hours, clock time, Ae = >-4*.00 + B6.]
+
+
+
+
4.74 a-
0.879a-
0.1l7a-
0.287a-
0.876a
0.095a
0.283a
0.257a-
0.548a-
0.958a-
0.711a.
1. 700a -
0.a80a-
2. 22a + M — 3. 89 r= V 0. 045
.2.0«J+«» + l.e7==
• 1.97p + W + 0. 99=
•1. e9p + M-hO. 62 =
-1.64p + «»+l. 61 =
-1.67p4-W+0.65 =
-1.4Qp + £0 + O. 99=
-X. wap -f- OI7 -j- X. u«==
-0.90p-f«fl + 1.52=
.0.77p + 6» — 0. 67 =
-0.61p-f «ff+0. 83 =
+ 15.87 a — 0.83p + «« + 9.15==
1
1
0.66
1
0.75
1
0.64
1.
1.
1.
0.23
1.
0.006
-f 0. 593a + 0. 67p 4- W -h 1. 11 = t> 1
-|-0.688a-f 0.93p + «tf4-l.ll= 1
+ 0. lD5a + 1.01o-h«» + 0.38 "
-f 0. 054a -f- 1. 14p + «ff + 0. 45 =
— 0. 756a -f 1. 30p + W — 0. 11 =
0.70
1
0.45
— 0.064a + 1.
—0. 686a + 1.
-+- 0. 286a + 1.
-I- 0. 035a -f 1.
+ 0. 827a -h 1.
+ 0.610a + 2.
47p + W + 0. 40—
56p-f M — O. 00=
67p-|-«» + 0. 63—
0.90
0.48
«ip -y- ov -f- V. no
73p + 59 + 0. 48
90p + 69 + 1. 08
Olp + 59 + 0. 91
= 1.
1.
1.
1.
+ 5. 81 a + 2. 20o + 59 + 6. 03= 0. 063
Normal equations.
[+9.32]a— 0.70p + 6.17 59+11.72 = 0
— 0.70a[+42.62]p — 0.72 59— 6.70=0
+ 6. 17 a— 0.72p[+19.90J59 + 17.97=0
Results,
8.
59=— 0.643
p= + 0.133
a=— 0.82a
APPENDIX DDD NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3371
Table Zl.-^Time determinatiou, Ann Arbor, Mich,, August 6, 189S.
[First Lieut. Charles S. Bioh6, observer.]
Star.
c Urs. Min
c Urs. Min
If Opbinchi .
w Herculis .
^ Draconis .
( Serpentis.
( Hercnlis . .
fi Hercolia..
2 Draconis .
Ophiuchi .
fiSa^ttarii.
i| Serpentis.
X Draconis .
a Lyne
51 H. Ceph. L. G
fi Aqnilfls
0 Aq uil»
o » N?q . Cygni . .
a> Capricorni
Y Cypfni
B Cephei
aCygni
il Cephei
32TulpeculaB.
FCygnl
r Aqnarii ...
a Equolei . . .
1 H. Drao. L.C.
1 H. Drac. L. C.
g
Kef.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Eef.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
I
8
4
4
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
II
11
11
3
11
11
11
3
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
3
4
$.
—0.09
+0.09
Bh.
8.
—0.49
+0.49
4-0. 06! 4-0. 03
4-0.06 4-0.07
4-0. 05' 4-0. 08
4-0. 05 4-0. 03
4-0.05 4-0.07
4-0.05 4-0.05
a
(c. 4-
abn.).
4-0. 04'
+0.04
+0.04
+0. 04
+0.03
+0.03
+0.01
+0.07
-f0.08
+0,08
+0.08
+0.09
+0.09
+0.
4-0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
10
10
11
11
12
12
—0.20
+0.20
+ 0.07
+0.03
+0.02
+0.03
+0.09
+0.04
—0.07
+0.06
+0.06
+0.12
+ 0.05
+ 0.10
+0.19
+0.14
+0.21
+0.12
+ 0.14
+ 0.07
+ 0.10
+0.77
—0.77
i.
-1.23
—1.23
—0.17
—0.21
-0.27
—0.17
—0.24
-0.19
—0.27
—0.17
-0.18
—0.17
—0.56
-0.21
+3.42
—0.17
—0.17
—0.24
—0.17
—0.22
—0.36
—0.23
—0.85
—0.19
—0.22
—0.17
—0.17
+1.16
+1.16
Aa,
9.
+4.82
+4.82
-0.89
— 0
+ 0.29
—0.89
^0.10
—0.29
Rp.
Chronome-
t«r time of
transit = (.
Bight as-
oen8ion=a.
Chron.
correc-
tion
a.
—0.08
—0.08
12—0
—0.08
.07
—0.06
—0.06
—0.06
—0.05
+0. 26 —0. 05
—0. 56,-0. 04
—0.97—0.04
—0.72!— 0.03 i
+ 1.73—0.03
—0. 08 —0. 02
-16. 14 —0. 01
—0.60, +0.01
—0.70
—0.11
+ 0.02
+ 0.03
—0.86+0.04
—0.05+0.04
+0.77+0.04
+0.07
-^0.70
—0.29
+0.05
+0.06
+0.06
—0.04; + 0.06
—0.84+0.07
—0.62; +0.07
— 6.9l'+0.08
—5.91+0.08
h, fn. 8.
16 56 84. 56
16 56 33. 58
17 03 55. 92
17 10 59.53
17 27 40. 84
17 31 09. 16
17 36 06. 87
17 41 56. 77
17 53 47. 33
18 01 57. 61
18 07 03. 73
18 15 27. 66
18 22 38. 78
18 32 59. 46
18 50 00. 09
19 49 44. 72
20 05 28. 50
20 09 56. 05
20 11 48. 93
20 18 03. 75
20 27 27. 37
20 37 27. 51
20 42 47. 01
20 49 40. 72
20 52 51. 53
21 03 27. 65
21 10 09. 77
21 21 28. 14
21 21 29. 69
K. tn. 8.
16 56 59. 56 +21. 98
17 04 16. 84
17 11 21.27
17 28 03. 05
17 31 30. 10
17 36 28. 84
Vpv
(CO.—
ob.).
8.
+.02
+22.03
+22.07
+22.17
+22. 03
+22.10
17 42 18.45+22.16
17 54 09. 49
18 02 18. 96
18 07 24. 69
18 15 48. 88
18 23 01. 92
18 33 21. 26
6 50 10. 65
19 50 06.11
20 05 49. 81
20 10 18. 23
20 12 10. 09
20 18 25. 79
20 27 49. 82
20 37 49. 56
20 43 09. 44
20 50 02. 53
20 53 13. 54
21 03 48. 95
21 10 31. 23
+22.15
+22.09
+22.13
+22. 11
+21.91
+22.07
+23.36
+22.09
+22. 10
+22. 38
+.06
+.02
—.00
+ .06
—.01
—.07
—.05
00
-.04
—.02
+ .00
+ .02
—.10
.00
—.01
—.25
+ 22.10 —.01
+22.17. —.08
+21.81 +.19
+22.02
+21.81
+22. 11
+22.07
+22. 17
+ 22.08
9 21 46.64+22.40
+ .07
4 . 20
—.02
+ .02
—.08
+ .01
—.07
Cbronometer correction at 19.2 honrs: Chronometer time, +22.093; hourly rate, +0.036; azimuth,
— 1.017.
Collimation = o.
8.
—0.123
-0. 200
—0. 126
Kean— 0. 150
3372 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 32, -^Observation equations, Ann Arbor j Mich., August 6, 189S,
^
[Epoch, 19.2, chronometer time. At=-f 22.00-f W.]
— 4.74 a— 2.22p-f6tf- 4.72=t>0.049
+ 0. 879a— 2. 09p+W- 0. 94= 1
-h 0. 117a-l. 97p+«#4- 0. 12= 1
— 0. 287a— 1. 69p+6tf— 0. 40= 0. eS
-t- 0. 876a— 1. 64p4-6«+ 0.92= 1
— 0. 095a— 1. 57p-f M— 0. 14= 0. 76
+ 0.283a— 1.46p-|-M-f 0.18= 1
— 0. 257rt— 1. 27p+«ff- 0. 36- 0. 67
f 0.548a— 1.12p+««+ 0.51= 1
h 0.95^tt— 1. 04p-|-«fl!-i- 0.88
f 0. 711a— 0. 90p + «9-|- 0.64-
— 1.700a— 0.77p+8«— 1.61
-r O.OSOi— 0. 61p+6a+ 0.03=
1
1
0.
1
= 0.23
H-0. 593a+0. 67p4-M+0. 50=i; 1
+0.688a-f0.93p+W-f0.58= 1
+0.105a+1.01p+«#— 0.30= 0.74
+0.842a+1.04p+M+0.72= 0.76
-f0.054a + l. 14p-fM— 0.16= 1
—0. 756a + 1. 30p + 8#— 0. 62= 0. 45
-0.064a + 1.47p+«ff— 0.14= 1
— 0. 686a + 1.56p-f-M— 0.67= 0.48
+0. 286a 4-1. 67p+W+ 0.12= 1
+ 0. 035a + 1 . 73p + fi#— 0. 09= 1
+0. 827a + 1.90p+a» +0.60= 1
+0.610a+2.01p+««+0.47= 1
+ 5.81 af2.20p+M+5.43= 0.049
-16.87 a-0.33p+W + 14.79= 0.006
Normal tquations.
[+11.37]a - 0.02 p + 6.85 «tf+10.93=0
— 0.02 a [+43.68]p + 0.24 19— 1.62=0
+ 6.86 a +0.24 p[+20.82]a9+ 5.02=0
Results,
8.
«a=i:+ 0.093
p=+0. 036
—1. 017
APPENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3373
Table 33. — Time determinatiotiy Ann Arbor, Mich., August 7, 1S93,
[First Lieat. Charles S. Rioh6, obaerrer.]
Star.
0
o
< Urs. Min .
t Ura. Miu .
iiOBhiQchl .
w Uerculia..
/3 Dracoois .
i Serpen tia .
t Ilorculis . .
fi Herculls . .
y Draconia .
72 Ophinchi ,
^Sagittarli
1) Serpen tis .
X Draconis.
a Lyrffi .....
5lH.CepheiL.C.
SlH.CepheiL. C.
fi Aqailae D
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
1)
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
0 AqailsD
o*Seq. Oygni
a'Capricorni
y Cyjrni
• Cephei
Cyimi
rinii
ifCepnei
82yulpecalse.
I'CygTii
V Aqnarii
a Equnlei....
IH. Draconis L.C.
1 H . Draconis L.C .
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
4—0. 03
4+0.03
11 -hO.
llj+O.
U+O.
9+0.
11
11
10
11
11
11
11
11
02
02
03
03
Bb.
$.
—0.18
+0.18
+0.01
+ 0.03
+ 0.04
+0.01
+0.03] +0.04
+0.03' +0.03
+ 0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
I
31—0.
3+0.
03+0.05
03+0.03
03+0.02
03' + 0.02
03+0.10
04' +0.05
11
11
8
8
+0.04
+0.04
+0.04
+0. 04
11 +0.04
11+0.04
04 +-0. 53
04—0.53
+0.03
+0.03
+0.06
+ 0.02
+ 0.05
+0.07
+ 0.05
+ 0.07
11+0.04+0.04
11 +0. 04
11+0.04
11+0.04
11 +0.03
11
+0.03
4 —0. 03
5! +0. OJ
+ 0.05
+0.02
+0.03
+ 0.10
—0.10
C.
(C.+
abn.).
9.
—1.14
—1.14
-0.16
—0.19
—0.25
—0.16
—0. 22
—0.18
—0.25
—0.16
—0.17
—0.16
—0.52
—0.20
+3.19
+3.19
—0.16
—0.16
-0.22
—0.16
—0.20
—0.34
—0.22
—0.33
—0.17
—0.20
-0.16
—0.16
+ 1.09
+ 1.09
Aa.
Rp.
Chronome-
ter time of
tran8it=t.
i. I i.
+4.65—0.15
f 4. 65 —0.15
— 0.86J-0.14
—0.11—0.14
+0. 28 -0. 12
-0.86—0.11:
+0.09—0.11
-0. 28'— 0. 10
I
+0.25—0.09
—0.54—0.08
—0. 94 —0. 07|
—0. 70 —0. 06|
+ 1.67—0.05!
—0. 08 —0. 04'
Right as-
cension=a.
Chron.
correc-
tion
h. m. t. 9.
16 56 59.401+24.22
I
-15. 60 —0. 02
_]5. 60 —0. 02
—0. 58 +0. 02
—0. 67 +0. 05
—0.10+0.06
—0.83 .0.07
—0.05-0.08
+0. 74 ^ 0. 09
+0.06+0.10
+ 0.67 hO.ll
-0. 28 +0. 12
—0.03, +0.12
— O.8II+O.I3
—0.60: +0.14
h. m. 9.
16 56 32. 00
16 56 31. 63
17 03 54. 04
17 10 57. 63
17 27 38. 92
17 31 07. 29
17 36 04. 96
17 41 54.88
17 53 45. 47
18 01 65. 72
18 07 01. 82
18 15 25. 81
18 22 36. 67
18 32 57. 50
18 49 59. 27
18 50 00. 84
19 49 42. 84
20 05 26. 61
20 09 54. 19
20 11 46. 85
20 18 01. 89
20 27 25. 18
20 37 25. 56
20 42 44. 98
20 49 38. 79 20 50 02. 54
17 04 16. 83
17 11 21.25
17 28 03. 02
17 31 30. 09
17 36 28. 83
17 42 18.44
17 54 09. 47
18 02 18. 96
18 07 24. 69
18 15 48. 88
18 23 01. 88
18 33 21. 25
6 50 11. 07
Vpv
(CO.—
ob.).
8,
-.05
•f23.94
+24.03
+24. 15
+23.92
+24.07
+24.09
+ 24.04
+23.99
+24.03
+23.97
+24.01
+24.02
+23.70
-5.70
—5.70
20 52 49. 62
21 03 25. 78
21 10 07. 86
^0.15 21 21 27.37
+0.15 21 21 27.57
19 50 06. 11 +23. 96
20 05 49.81 +23.95
20 10 18.23 +24.24
20 12 10. 12 +24. 17
0 18 25.79+24.02
27 49. 81 +24. 07
20 37 49. 56 +24. 01
20 43 09.43+23.93
+ 24.04
+23.99
+24.01
+23.98
+23.67
20 53 13. 55
21 03 48.97
21 10 31.25
9 21 46.66
-f.04
—.05
—.14
+.06
—.08
—.11
-.05
—.01
—.05
+.01
-.01
-.04
+0.02
+0.2
+0.3
-.22
-.17
—.04
— .0«
—.03
+.08
—.06
—.01
—.03
—.00
+ .07
Chronometer correction at 19.2 hours : Chronometer time, + 23.983 ; hourly rate, + 0.069 ; azimuth,
— 0.981.
Collimaiion = c.
«.
— 0.158
— 0.149
— 0.111
Mean. — 0. 139
3374 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMT.
Table ^. — Ohservation equationSf Ann Arbor, Mich., August 7, 1S9S.
[Epoch, 19.2 hoars, chronometer time. A^= + 24.00 -f- B0.]
— 4.74 o — 2.22p + «a— 4.72 = t;0.049
+ 0.879O— 2.09P + M4- 1.0«= 1
+ 0. llTo — 1.97p + ««+ 0.2^= 1
— 0.287O — 1.69p + 6»— 0.31= 0.85
+ 0.87ea — 1.64p + ««+ 1.05= 0.97
— 0.095O — 1.57p-H6a— 0.05= 0.75
+ 0. 283a — 1. 46p + 6# + 0.29= 1
— 0.257a — 1.27p + M— 0.20= 0.66
+ 0.548a — 1.12P+M+ 0.63= 1
-I- 0. 958a — 1. 04p + W + 0.98= 1
+ 0.711a — 0.90p + «»-!- 0.79= 1
— 1.700O — 0.77p4-M— 1.63= 0.28
+ 0.080a — 0.01p -I- 8«-f- 0.10= 1
-hl5.87 a-0.33p-h«» + 15.92= 0.005
P
+ 0. 593a 4- 0. e7p 4- W + 0. 60 = « 1
-f 0.688a -f0.93p + W + 0.67= 1
+ 0. 105a -f- 1. Olp + «» — 0. 20= 0. 71
+ 0. 842a +1.04p-fW+ 0.59= 0.75
+ 0.054a + 1.14p-f 8^ — 0.05= 1
— 0.766a + 1.30p + M — 0.90= 0.45
—0.064a
— 0.686a
+ 1.47p4-M — 0.17=
.^ + 1.66p + W — 0.71-
+ 0. 286a -\- 1. 67p + 8» -f- 0. 12=
+ 0. 035a + 1 . 73p + M — 0. 08 =
+ 0. 827a + 1. 90p -i- «tf + 0. 67 =
+ 0. 610a 4- 2. Olp H- 59 + 0. 48 =
+ 5.81 a + 2.20p + M + 5.88= 0.052
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
Normal equations.
[+U.371a + 0.06p +6.82 W + 11.27 = 0
+ 0.06a[+43.66]p + 0.27 69— 2.95 = 0
+ 6.82a + 0.27p [+20.76]8«+ 7.03 = 0
Besults,
89 = — 0.017
p = + 0. 069
a=— 0.981
APPENDIX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3375
Table 35. — Time deierminationy Ann Arbor, Mich., August 8, 189Si
[First Lieut. Cluirlos S. Bioh«, obeerver.]
Star.
«UrB. Min
cUrs. Min
ifOnhiachi
«■ Hercalis
^I>ra<$ouis
- { S«rpentis
c Hercnlis
fiHerGulis
vDrficonis
72 Ophinchi
I*. Sagittarii
i| Seri>eiiti8
X Braconia
aLyrsB
61 H. Ceph. L.C.
61H. Ceph. L.C.
0 AquiliD
tfAquilaa
o* Seq. Cygni...
a'Caprioorni ...
• Cygni
dCepbei
aCygni
If Cephei
82 Vulpecals
vCygni
' V Aquarii
a Equulei
IH. I>rao. L.C .
1 H. Drao. L. C .
a
o
h.
IJZSO
Ref.
Dir
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
1)
D
D
D
Kef.
Dlr.
I $.
4—0.
4+0.
I
11+0.
11 +0.
11+0.
11+0.
11 +0.
11+0.
11+0.
11+0.
11+0.
11+0.
11+0.
11+0.
Bb.
0.
(0.+
abn.).
s.
15—0.84
15+0.84
06+0,03
06+0.07
06+0.09
06+0.03
05+0.08
05+0.06
051+0.08
05+0.04
U5|+0.02
05+0.03
04 +0. 13
04
—0.09
4+0.09
11+0.04
11+0.04
8;+0.04
11+0.03
11+0.03
11+0.03
11
11
+0.03
+ 0.03
11+0.03
11
11
11
+0.02
+0. 02
+0.02
5—0.03
5, +0.03
+0.06
+ 1.23
—1.23
+ 0.03
+0.03
+0.05
+ 0.02
+0.04
+ 0.06
+0.04
+0.06
+0.03
+ 0.03
+0.02
+0.02
+0. 12
—0.12
Aa.
$.
—1.01
—1.01
—0.14
—0. 17!
—0.22
—0.14
—0.20
—0.15
—0.22
—0.14
—0.16
—0.14
—0.46
—0.18
$.
Rp,
Chronome-
ter time of
tranBit=t.
+4.92—0.26
+4. 92—0. 26
—0.91-0.25
—0. 12'-^. 23
+0.30—0.20
—0. 91 —0. 19
+ 0.10—0.19
-0.29—0.17
+ 0.271—0.15
_0. 57;— 0. 13
_1.00|— 0.12
—0.74—0.11
+ 1.77—0.09
—0. 08;— 0. 07
h. m. 8,
16 56 80. 63
16 56 28.95
17 03 52. 02
17 10 55. 62
17 27 36. 92
17 31 05. 24
17 36 02. 81
17 41 52. 83
17 53 43. 40
18 01 53.66
18 06 59. 77
18 15 ^. 78
18 22 34. 51
18 32 55. 41
+ 2.82—16.49—0.041 18 49 57.04
+2.82—16.49—0.04 18 49 59.50
—0.14
—0.14
—0.20
—0.141
—0. 18
—0.30
!
—0.19
—0.29
—0.15
—0.18
—0.14
—0.14
-0.62+0.04 19 49 40.71
—0.72+0.08' 20 05 24.49
— 0.11+ 0.11 1 20 09 52.07
—0.87+0.12 20 11 44.87
—0.05+0.12 20 17 69.69
+ 0.79+0.13 20 27 23.03
+0. 07 +0. 15
+0.71+0.18
—0. .30 +0.20
—0.04+0.20
— 0.86+C.22
—0.63+0.24
20 37 23. 34
20 42 42. 78
20 49 36. 65
20 52 47. 44
21 03 23. 60
21 10 05. 73
+ 0.96 —6.04+0.26' 21 21 25.68
+0. 96 —6. 04+0. 26 21 21 25. 93
Riffht as-
cension =a
Chron.
eorreo-
tion
! A t.
h. fn. s. 9.
16 66 59. 26 +25. 82
ob.).
+.06
17 04 16.82+26.07 +.03
17 11 2L 24 +26. 07 +.03
17 28 03.01+26.12 —.02
17 31 30.08 -h 26. 05 +.05
17 36 28.80+26.20 —.09
17 42 18.43+26.15 —.05
17 54 09.44+26.06 +.03
18 02 18.95+26.09; +.01
18 07 24.68+26. 16| —.06
18 15 48.87+26.05 +.05
18 23 01.82+25.96, +.07
18 33 21.24+26.10! .00
I
6 50 11.50+26.94 —.07
19 50 06.11+26.09
20 05 49.81+26.07
20 10 18.22+26.30
20 12 10.10+26.10
20 18 25.79+26.17
20 27 49.80+26.09
20 37 49.56+26.15
20 43 09.43+25.99
20 50 02.54+26.11
20 53 13.55+26.10
21 03 48. 07 +26. 13
21 10 31.25+26.03
9 21 46.71+25.73
+.01
+ .03
—.17
.00
—.07
+.01
—.06
+ .08
—.01
.00
—.03
+ .07
+.09
$.
Chnmometer correction at 19.2 hours: Chronometer time, +26. 098
hourly rate, + 0. 118
azimuth, — 1. 089
Collimation = o.
«.
—0. 110
—0.127
—0.126
Mean, —0.121
3376 EEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Table 36.— Observation equations, Ann Arbor, Mich,, August 8, 189S,
[Epoch, 19.2 hoars, chronometer time. At=+28.00-f-d9.]
— 4. 74a —2. 22p-i-fifl— 4. 48=» 0. 049
+ 0.879flt— 2. OQp+M-l- 1.09= 1
+ 0.1l7a— 1.97p+M-i- 0.28= 1
— 0. 287(1—1. 69p+W— 0. 22= 0. 65
-f 0.876a-1.64p+«#4- 1.05= 1
— 0. 095a— 1. 57p+6»— 0. 11= 0. 75
+ 0. 283a— 1. 46p-f M+ 0. 31= 1
— 1.257a— 1.27p-f«»— 0.18= 0.67
+ 0.548<»— 1.12p+6»+ 0.61= 1
+ 0.958a— 1. Dip +M+ 0.90= 1
-I- 0.711a-0.90p+fi«+ 0.80= 1
— 1. 70tJa -0. 77p4-W— 1. 64= 0. 23
+ 0.080a— 0.61p4-W+ 0.05= 1
+15.87a —0. 33p + 6^4-15.59= 0.006
-fO. 593a+0. 67p+M+0. 49=9 1
+0.688a+0.93p+6#+0.57= 1
+0. 105a +1. Olp+M— 0. 30= 0. 71
+0. 842a+1.04p+««4-0. 65= 1
+0.054a-|-l. 14p+8»— 0.24= 1
—0. 756a4- 1. 30p + 5^—1. 01= 0. 45
—0. 064a -f- 1. 47p +«»— 0. 37= 1
— 0.686a + 1.56p+a»— 0.88= 0.48
-H0.286a+1.67p+atf— 0.01= 1
+0. 035a + 1. 73p + M—d. 26= 1
-f0.827oM.90p-f-M-|-0.51= 1
+0. 610a+2. Olp+59+0. 36= 1
+5. 81a -f 2. 20p4-««-|-6. 05= 0. 052
Nomial equations,
t+11.65]a+ 0.24 p -f 7.08 «tfH-11.38=0
-)- 0.24aL+43.91]p + 0.48 69— 4.98=0
+ 7.08a + 0.48p [-f 21.05]««+ 6.23=0
Results,
i.
£0=+ 0.098
P=4-Q. 118
o=— 1. 039
APPENDIX D D D— NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3377
Tablk 37. — Time tleterminaiion, Ann Arbor, Mich., August 9, 1893,
SUr.
e Ura. Min.
c Ura. Min.
lyOphinchi
wHorcalis.
/3 Draconia
« SerpentiM
f MercnliB.
fi Herculifl.
xDraconia. ■
720phiiicM..
lASagittarii.
ifSerpentis.
xDnu^ooiB..
a Lyne . . . . .
51 H. Ceph. L. C . .
51 H. Coph. L. C . .
^AqnilflD
0 Aquilie
o» Seq. Cygnl
«* Capricomi
yCygiii
tfCeiiliei
aCygni
H Cepbei
32 VnliMJcuhe.
vCygni
K Aquarii
aKquulei
IH. l>rac.L.C.
IH. Drac.L.C.
.2
Ref.
Dir.
1)
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
1)
Rof.
Dir.
D
D
D
1)
D
D
1)
I)
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
[First Lieut. Charles S. Rich6, obserrer.]
1-5
&.
Bb,
8.
4 —0. (>9l— 0. 49
3 -{-0.09
nUo.o2
n +0.02
11 fO.Ol
11 +0.01
11 +0.01
9 +0 01
r.
(c. +
abn.).
Aa.
Jtp.
T^O.49
+ 0.01 —0.12
-, 0. 02 —0. 14
+ 0.02 —0.18
i 0. 01 —0. 12
.4-0.01 —0.16
^0.01 —0.13
t. $
0.83 +5.17
-0.83 +5.17
g.
—0.20
—0.20
Chronoine-
tor time
of transit
11
Hi
11
11
Hi
11
4—0.02
3 h0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
to. 01
rO.Ol
11
11
8
111
11 +0.01
11 t 0.02
0.01
+ 0.01
11 ^0.02
11+0.02
11+0.02
11 j i0.02
11+0.03
11V0.03
5
6
-0.08
0.08
i 0. 01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-O.Ol
0.00
4 0.32
-0.32
0.00
0.00
f-0. 01
0.00
+ 0.02
+ 0.03
I 0.03
f0.04
1 0.02
+ 0.03
+ 0.02
,0.02
+ 0.33
-0.33
—0.18
-O.ll
—0.12
-0.11
—0.38
—0.14
12.31
t2.31
—0.11
—0.11
—0.16
-0.12
— 0. 15
—0.24
—0.16
—0.24
—0. 13
—0.15
—0.12
—0.11
+0.79
-HO. 79
—0. 96 —0. 19
—0. 13 —0. 18
+ 0.31—0.15
—0. 96 —0. 15
4 0.10—0.14
-0.31—0.13
+0.28—0.11
—0.60—0.10
—1. 05—0. 09
—0.78—0.08
f 1.85'— 0.07
—0.09-0.05
—17. 32 —0. 03
—17. 32 —0. 03
I
—0. 65 +0. 06
—0. 75 + 0. 08
—0. 11 +0. 09
—0.92+0.09
—0.06+0.10
+ 0.83
h. \n. 8.
16 50 27. 55
16 56 26.56
17 03 49. 80
17 10 53. 34
17 27 34. 61
17 31 03. 01
17 36 00. 60
17 41 50. 57
17 53 41. 14
18 01 51.48
18 06 57. 07
18 15 21. 58
18 22 32. 23
18 32 53. 18
18 49 58.01
18 49 58. 65
0.10
+ 0.07 }0.13
+ 0.75+0.14
— 0.3i:+0. 15
— 0.04 i-0. 16
—0.90
—0.67
+0.17
+ 0.18
—6.34+0.20
-6.34+0.20
19 49
20 05
20 09
20 11
20 17
20 27
20 37
20 42
20 49
20 52
21 03
21 10
Right as-
cension—a.
38.54
22.38
49.84
42.73
57.52
20. 80
21. 16'
40.48
34. 49
45.27
21.58
03.57
h. fn. 8.
10 56 59. 19
17 04 16.81
17 U 21.22
17 28 02. 97
17 31 30. 07
17 36 28. 79
17 42 18.41
17 54 09. 42
18 02 18. 94
18 07 24. 67
18 15 48.86
18 23 01. 76
18 33 21. 22
Chron
correc
tion.
At
8.
+ 2^7.99
Vpv
(CO.—
ob.).
.07
+28.27
+28.31
+28.36
+-28.28
+ 28.38
-+28.40
+ 28.28^
+ 28.27i
+ 28.26
+28.25
+ 28.14
+28.32
+.03
—.01
—.05
+ .02
—.07
-.10
+ .02
I .03
+.04
r . 05
i .08
—.02
6 60 11.92+28.63 —.03
19 50 06. 11
20 05 49. 81
20 10 18. 22
20 12 10. 10
+28.27
+28.21
+ 28.55
+28. 32
20 18 25.79^28.36
20 27 49.79+28.27
20 37 49. 56
+28. 33
20 43 09.42 +28.25
20 50 02. 55,t 28.33
20 53 13.551+28.28
21 03 48.98+28.23
21 10 31.20 +28.27
21 21 23. 31
21 21 23. 97
0 21 46. 73
1 .03
+ .09
--. 21
-.02
—.08
i .02
—.03
+ . 03
—.03
+ .02
:.07
+ .03
+ 28.44 —.03
Chronometer correction at 19.2 hours: Chronometer time, +28».3O0; hourly rate, +0.090; azimuth.
—1.091.
Collimation = o.
8.
-0.092
—0. 096
—0. 101
Mean— 0. 096
ENG94-
212
3378 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Table 38. — Ohaervation equations, Ann Arbor, Mich,, August 9, 189S.
[Ei>och, 19.2 hours, chronomoter time. A^= + 28.00 -f- 60,]
— 4.74a — 2.25^4-W— 4.96=t>0.04ft
+
+
+
0. 879a
0. H7a
0 287o
0.876a
0. 0d5a
0.283a
0.257a
0.548a
0. 958a
0.711a
1.700a
0.080a
- 2. 09p + «fl +
- 1. 97p + 60
-l.fi9p-i 6S —
■l.Up-\^6e+
-I..'i7p + M —
-1.4Qp-{-6e +
-1.27p +5tf —
- 1. 12p -t 60 -f
- 1. 04p + 60 +
■ 0. 90p +60 +
-o.np + 60 —
-0. 61p-ha# —
0.88:
0.00
0.52:
0.83:
0.34:
0.04:
0.45:
0 43
0.88
0.61
1.92
0.18:
+ 15. 87a — 0.33p + W + 16.72 =
1
1
0.65
1
0.75
0.97
0.67
1
1
1
0.23
1
0.006
— 0. 064a + 1.47p H- M — 0. 53:
- 0. 686a 4- 1. 66p -f 6# — 1. 14 :
+ 0. 286a + 1. 67p + 6tf — 0. 17
+ 0. 035a + 1. 73p + M — 0. 40:
+ 0. 827a + 1. 90ij -f 6tf -I- 0. 50:
+ 0. 610a + 2. Dip + j« + 0. 22
+ 5. 81a +2.20p + «« + 5.70= 0.054
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
Normal equations,
[ + 11.72]a + 0.27 p + 7.06 «• + 10. 64 = 0
+ 0. 27a [ + 43. 86] p | 0. 53 60— 3. 80 = 0
-H 7.06a +0.53 p[t 21.02] ««+ 1.35 = 0
Results.
60 =
p=
a=
8.
+ 0.300
+ 0.090
— 1.091
APPENDIX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3379
Tablr39. — Time deierminationj Ann Arbor ^ Mich.f August IS, 1S9S.
[First Lieut. Charles S. Riche, observer.]
Star.
i|Ophiachi
vHercnlis
^Draoonis
{ Serpen tis
t Heron lis
fiHerculis......
vDraconis
TZOphiuchi
|A$agittarii
If Serpen tis
xDraconis
aLyne
61 H. Cehp. L. C
51 H. Ceph. L. C
^Aqnile
SAqvdlsa
o* ^eq . Cygnl . . .
a'Capricomi
vCypii
dCt^phei
«Cygni
ifCepbei
32YuIpecnl»
i»Cygni
vAquarii
aEquulei
IH. Brae. L. C.
1 H. Drac. L. C ,
o
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ref.
Dir.
9
Bb.
C.
(c. 4-
abn.).
Aa.
Rp.
Chronome- jChron.
tertiraeofi Right as- correc-
transit j cension=a. tion.
(CO
ob.).
i. 8.
10 +0.02, +0.01
11 1+0.02 +0.02
11+0.02 +0.03
8;+0.02i+0.01
10+0.02+0.03
11+0.02+0.02
11 +0.02 f 0.03
11, +0.02^ + 0.02
11+0.02+0.02
lli+0. 021 + 0. 02
11
11
4
4
11
11
8
11
11
11
11
11
11
U
11
+ 0.02 +0.W
+0.02+0.03
«.
—0.14
—0.17
—0.23
—0.14
—0.20
—0.16
-0.22
—0.14
—0.15
—0.14
—0.47
—0.18
9. I S.
—0. 79—0. 21
—0. 10—0. 20
+ 0.26—0.17
—0. 79—0. 17
+ 0.09— 0.1 6i
A. in. t.
17 03 43. 19
17 10 46. 77
17 27 2«.04
17 30 56. 61
17 35 54. 05
h. m. 8. 8
17 04 16. 78 t-34. 72
17 11 21.18 1 34.84|
17 28 02.89 r 34. 961
17 31 30.04 +34.52
17 36 28.72 ! 34.91
-0. 25 —0. 15i 17 41 44. 03, 17 42 18. 37 f-34. 88
—0.04+0.581 +2.86
+0.04—0.58 +2.86
+0.02 +0.01
+0.02+0.01
+ 0.02+0.02
+0. 01 +0. 01
+0.01 +0.02
+0.01+0.03
11 +0. 01 +0. 02
01 +0.02
+0.
+ 0.
+0.
+0.
+0.
01
01
01
01
5, +0. 01
61—0. 01
+ 0.01
+ 0.01
+0.01
+0.01
—0.04
+0.04
—0.14
—0.14
—0. 20
—0.14
—0.18
—0.30
—0.20
-0.29
—0.16
-0.18
—0.14
—0.14
+0. 23 —0. 13
—0.49—0.11
—0.86—0.11
—0. 64 -0. 09
+ 1.52—0.08
—0.07—0.06
i
—14. 26,-0. 03
—14. 26—0. 031
■ I
—0.5.3+0.07,
-0.62+0.00]
—0.09+0.10'
—0.76+0.111
—0.05+0.; 2
+ 0.68+0.13
+0.06
+0. 62
-0.26
—0. 03
—0.74
-0.55
17 53 34, 51
18 01 44. 84
18 06 51. 04
18 15 14. 94
18 22 25. 61 1
18 32 46. 63
18 49 49. 48!
18 49 50. 64
I
19 49 31.91'
20 05 15. 78
20 09 43. 34
20 11 36. 12
20 17 51.041
20 27 14. 40
17 54 09.
18 02 18.
18 07 24.
18 15 48.
18 23 01.
18 33 21.
35 +34.93
91 +34.79
65 +34.71
84 +34
f34
+34
59
18
75
95
83
6 50 13.05 ; 34.42
19 50 06.11+34.79
20 05 49.82+34.70
20 10 18.20 +35.03
20 12 10.11 +34.77
20 18 25.78 i-34.83
20 27 49. 76, +34. 82
8.
+ .05
—.07
—.15
+ .24
—.12
-.11
—.13
—.02
I-.06
i.02
-.09
—.06
+ .03
+ 0. 15i 20 37 14.70 20 37 49.551+34.82 -.05
-.02
f.07
-.22
.00
-.06
-.03
+0.97 -5.21
+0. 97[ —6.21
+ 0.16
+ 0. 17i
+0. 18
iO.19
+ 0.21
+ 0.22
+ 0.22
20 42 34. 131
20 49 27. 99
20 52 38. 75
21 03 14.91'
21 09 57. 06|
21 21 16. 64,
21 21 16. 56
20 43 09.401^34.761 -pOl
20 50 02.55, 1-34.801 —.03
20 53 13.56+34.831 —.06
21 03 49.00+34.77: .00
21 10 31.28+34.69, +.08
9 21 46.88+34.30, +.11
Chronometer correction at 19.2 hours: Chronometer time, +34.768; hourly rate, +0.102; azimuth
-0.897.
Coll%mati(m=c.
8.
-0.122
—0.099
—0/149
Moan— 0. 123
3380 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Table 40. — Ohaervation equations, Ann Arbor j Mich., August IS, 189S.
9.
[Epoch, 19.2 hours, chronometer time. A< = 4- 34.00+ W.]
-f 0. 879o
+ 0. llTo
— 0. 287o
+ 0.878a
— 0.095a
+ 0. 283a
— 0. 257a
J0.&48a
0.958a
0. 711a
— 1. 700a
+ 0. 080a
2. OOp + M + 0. 28
1. 97p + M -. 0. 54
1. fl9p -+- «d — 1. 05
1. 64p + 69 + 0. 44
1. 57p -f 89 — 0. 84
1.46p + «« — 0.48
1, 27p -h M — 1. 03
1. 12p + 69 - 0. 19
1.04p + £9 + 0.26
0. 90p + 5tf — 0. 02
0. 77p 4- «« — 2. 39
0. 61p -f 69 — 0. 70
P
rO.99
1
0.65
0.9«
0.74
1
: 0.67
1
1
1
0.
1
= 0.23
-f 15. 87o — 0. 33p + 69-1- 13. 87= 0. 006
0. 593a
0.688a
0.105a
0.842a
0. 054a
0.756a
+ 0. 67p + 69
-h 0. 93p -f 69
+ 1. Olp + 69
+ 1. 04p -f 69
4- 1. 14p + 69
4- 1. 30p + 59
0. 33 = r 1
0.17= 1
1.04 =
0.12 =
0.90 =
1.63 =
0.71
1
1
0.45
— 0. 064a -f 1. 47p + M
— 0. 686a 4- 1. 56p + 69
+ 0. 286a 4- 1. 67p 4- *«
+ 0. 035a 4- 1. 73p -h 69
-f 0. 827a -f 1. 90p 4 M
+ 0. 610a + 2. Olp + 69
03
54
0.71
0.98
0.22
0.35
1
0.48
1
1
1
1
4- 5. 81a + 2. 20p 4- ^^ 4- 4. 69 = 0. 054
Normal equations,
[4- 10. 68]a - 0. 17 p + 7. 28 69 -I- 3. 94
— 0. 17 a [+43. 50]p + 0. 71 69 — 5. 16
+ 7.28 a 4- 0.71 p [+20.94]69 — 9.61
Besults,
0
0
0
P
4- 0. 768
+ 0.102
-0.897
Table 41. — Collimation Wiirdemann transit Xo. 1. Sault Ste. Marie. Mich,
[Clainii E, mean of wires.]
Date.
fi Uri*. ! « Frs.
Min. I Mill.
S Trs.
Mill.
Cephei.
8.
; 0. 352
^0.:W3
t.
1-0.273
0.131
1893. I «. I «.
July 10.. r^ 0.426 I 9.339
15-.|f 0.120 I (i:i25
19..' ; ,0.434 \ i 0. 318
20.. 1 0.20:{ I ' +0.272
2H..I U.292 1 irO.430
Aug. G :0.'M2 ; '^0.182
7.. I ! o.:un i i I h 0.461
8..: o.irn 1 140.163
n..i ! 0. 'JH7
12..' ,0.191
Means.
Observer.
^ 0.345 -;^.278
^0.306 U 0.364
0. 357
0. 293
rO. 166
-0.304
■ '■ 0.294
^0 263
i^ 0.384 '*[4-0.6901 L 0.271
(0.216 I i^0.2H6 +0.335
8.
f U. 348
r 0.230
i 0.344
^ 0. 286
0.311
0. 273
0.243 I r 0.329
■\ 0. 356 - 0, 236
+ 0.297
r 0.257
First Lieut. Charles
S. Rich6.
\ Prof. Asapb Hall, jr.
* Kejec'te<l.
CoHimrtiion Pietor and Martin's meridian circle, Ann Harbar, Mich,
[Tele8cop«Mliro<'t, mean of wires.]
Observer.
By collimators.
Date.
Fir«t
Seoontl
Third
Means.
1
1
reault.
result.
result.
8.
«.
8.
8.
JulvlO..
—0. 231
—0. 2:10
—0. 230
1 15
-0. 172
0. 210)
—0. 122
—0. 131
— C. 147
1 19..
-0. 174
20-.
—0. 17H ;
— n. 197
—0.188
26..
— 0. UU 1
—0 178
—0. 186
Aug, C.
-0. VS.l ,
—0. 200
-0. 126
-0. 150
—0. 15S
-0. 149
-0. Ill
-0. 139
»..
-0.110
—0. 127
—0. 126
—0. 121
9..
—0. 0<»2
— 0. IHHi ■
0. 101
—0. OIW
12..
- 0. 122
—0. (199
0.149 '
—0. 123
\
Prof. Asaph Hall, jr.
First Lieut. Charles S.
Kich^.
APPENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3381
Table 42. — Results of observations for time.
8AULT STE. MARIE, MICH.
I>a1e.
1893.
Julv 10.
15.
19.
20.
26.
Aujj. 6-
T
I -
s,
9.
12.
Enoch
clock
time.
hrg.
17.5
11. D
19.2
19.2
19.2
Clock cor-
rection .
r 12. 194
-11.232
flu. 019
f 10. 003
- 8.600
I
19.2
-r 7.241
19.2
-. 7.548
19.2
j 7.905
19.2
h 8.184
19.2
- 9.004
Hoiirlj'
rate.'
8.
,0.134
, 0. 022
• 0.039
-0.024
—0. 013
—0. 000
—0. 008
-0. 025
0.026
0.020
Azimuth.
—1. 876
-2.139
-1.083
—2.034
-rO. 18:j(lRt)
—0.647 (3d)
—0. 746
-0. 701
—0. 823
—0. 596
— 0. 288(l8t)
—0. 890 (3d)
—2.663
—1. 497
—0.077 (2d)
—0.958 (4th)
—1.062
—0.579 (2d)
Obnerver.
First Lieut. Charles S.
Kich^.
' Prof. Aaaph Hall, jr.
ANN ARBOR. MICH.
l>at<*
Epoch Chroiioiii-:
chrouotn- uter j Hourly
etcT correc- I rate,
time. tiou.
Azimuth.
1893.
firs.
8.
*.
8.
July 10..
■ 17 r.
—.52.619
-.0.094
r 0.113
' 15..
17.5
--36.858
-^0. 127 1
.0.032
19..;
19.2
-24. 201
,0. 135 !
,0.043
20..
19.2
—21. 165
0.'080 ,
fO. 02}
26 . . 1
19.2
— 4. 643
. 0. 133
—0. 822
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Prof. Asaph Hall, jr.
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\ First Lieut. Charles S.
I Rirh6.
3382 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
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3386 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Table 44. — Results for difference of longitude^ Sauli Ste. Marie and Ann Arbor , Mick,
[First Lieut. Charles S. Rich6 at Sault St«. Marie; Prof. Asaph Hall, jr., at Ann Arbor.]
Date.
Biflferenee of time.
Correc-
tion for
personal
equation.
Result for
difference
of longi-
tude.
Double
Wave and
armature
time.
Signals
from Sault
Ste. Marie.
Signals
from Ann
Arbor.
Mean.
1893.
July 10..
15..
19..
20..
26..
m. 8.
+ 2 27.900
+ 2 27.963
+ 2 28.073
+ 2 27.910
+ 2 27.758
m. »,
+2 27.797
+2 27.888
\2 27.984
+ 2 27.812
+2 27. 708
Mean
m. ».
+2 27.848
+ 2 27.926
+2 28. 028
+ 2 27.861
+ 2 27.733
t.
+0. 116
+0.116
+0. 116
+0.116
+0. 116
m. 8.
+ 2 27.964
+2 28.042
+ 2 28.144
+2 27.977
+2 27.849
8.
+ 0.103
+0.076
+0.089
+ 0.098
+ 0.050
+ 2 27.879
[Prof. Asaph Hall, jr., at Sault Ste. Marie; First Lieut. Charles S. Rich6 at Ann Arbor.]
Aug. 6.,
* 7.
8.
9.
12.
+2 29. 146
+ 2 28.117
+ 2 28. 132
+ 2 28.236
+2 28. 137
+2 28.060
+ 2 28.030
+ 2 28.063
-r2 28.121
i-2 28.061
Mean ...^
Sault Ste. Marie west of Ann
+2 28. 103
—0.116
+ 2 28.074
-0. 116
+ 2 28.098
-0.116
+ 2 28.179
—0.116
+ 2 28.099
—0.116
+2 28.111
Arbor.
Personal equation, Rich6
than Hall
observes earlier
+ 2 27.987
+ 2 27.958
+ 2 27.982
+2 28.063
+2 27. 98:1
+0.086
+ 0.087
+0.069
+ 0. 115
+0.076
+2 27.995
0.116
+0.084
Difforenoe of longitude, Sault Ste. Marie observatory, west pier, west of "Detroit" m. s. ».
observatory meridian circle at Ann Arbor, Mich. . .\ ^ 2 27. 995 ± 0. 096
The mean of the first five nights, July 10, 15, 19, 20, and 26, with First Lieat.
Charles S. Rich^, observer at Sault Ste. Marie, and Prof. Asaph Hall, jr., observer
at Ann Arbor, gives 2'" 27".879 for the difference of time between the two places.
The range iu five nights is 0*.295.
The mean of the second five nights, August 6, 7, 8, 9, and 12, with Prof. Asaph
Hall, jr., observer at Sault Ste. Marie, and First Lieut. Charles S. Rich^, observer
at Ann Arbor, gives 2™ 28'.111 for the difference of time with a range of 0*.105in the
five nights.
The mean of the ten nights' observed differences of time gives for the difference
of longitude, Sault Ste. Marie west of Ann Arbor 2™ 27'.995 ± 0*.036, with a range
of 0^.295 in the ten nights, and for personal equation, Lieut Kich^ observes earlier
than Prof. Hall 0». 116.
The signals from Sault Ste. Marie give a result for difference of longitude greater
by 0".0^4 on the average than the difference by signals from Ann Arbor. This differ-
ence, commonly called double the difference due to wave and armature time, is twice
the apparent time of progression of a signal between the two places, due to the
electro-static capacity of the telegraph wire, which is nearly iu proportion to its
length. The telegraph line between Sault Ste. Marie and Ann Arbor was continuous
without repeaters.
In a<ldition to the personal equation as derived from the results for difference of
longitude with the interchange of observers, there were also made two direct deter-
minations of the personal equation between First Lieut. Charles S. Richd and Prof.
Asaph Hall, jr., one on the night of July 31 with Wiirdemau transit No. 1 at SauU
Ste. Marie, and the other on the night of August 14 with the meridian circle at Ann
Arbor.
On July 31 the method of observation was for one observer to observe a star over
the f rst 3 wires and the other observer over the last 4. The observers interchanged
wires on half the stars observed. On August 14 one observer observed the star over
3 wires, the other observer over 5 wires, and then the first observer took the star
over the last 3 wires. On half the number of stars the observers interchanged wires.
The observations of each observer on a star were reduced to the mean of the wires
by means of the wire interval determined for each observer. The difference in the
time of transit for the two observers gives the result for personal equation.
On July 31 the mean of 35 stars of less declination than 60° gave for personal equa-
tion—
Rich6 observes earlier than Hall 0'.144.
On August 14 the mean of 34 stars gave —
Kiche observes earlier than Hall 0'.098.
APPENDIX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3387
The mean of the two niffhts ^Tes for personftl equation—
Rich<$ observes earlier tnan Hall 0".121.
This result compares well with the result O'.llG for personal equation as derived
from the difference of longitude with interchange of observers.
On the night of September 22 observations were made for the difference of longi-
tude between Sault Ste. Marie and the Naval Observatory at Washington, D. C.
Signals were successfully exchanged, but the observations were so broken by
clouds that the work was not reduced.
AZIMUTH.
Observations for the azimuth of the line Observatory Sault Ste. Marie to station
Aximath were made by Mr. £. E. Heskell, U. S. assistant engineer, on four nights,
March 2, 8, 14^ and 19, by comparing the direction of the line with the direction of
the st;)r Polaris near western elongation. A few pointings on 51 Cephei near western
elongation also were made on the night of March 19. The pointing to station Azi-
muth were made to a lamp accurately centered over the geodetic pomt. The length
of the line Observatory to station Azimuth is 5 miles.
In determining the azimuth the large theodolite. Troughton & Simms No. 1, with a
l4-iuch horizontal circle, was used, reading with turee microscopes. Pointings were
made to the star direct and to the image reflected from mercury. The mean of the
two readings is free of any error due to the axis of the pivots not being in a hori-
zontal plane. The striding level was read during the observations, but no use was
made of the readings in the reductions. The altitude of the light at station Azimuth
was about 38' above the horizon. A correction for level was made to the readings
on the mark deduced from the difference in the readings on the star direct and
reflected. This was always small, never amounting to more than 0".3.
The method of observation was as follows : First the telescope of the theodolite
was directed to the light on the distant station, bisecting it with the vertical wire,
and the horizontal circle read; the telescope was then directed to the image of the
star reflected from the mercury, and the time of bisection noted by the clock, and
the horizontal circle read again; the telescope was then directed to the star, the
time noted again, and the horizontal circle read. The observations were then
repeated in the reverse order on the star, the image, and the light. In the next set
the star was sighted on first^ then the image reflected from mercury, and then the
light; the observations were then repeated in the reverse order on the light, image,
an<l the star. The telescope was then reversed by turning the telescope in a vertical
plane around its pivot axis, the object glass passing through the nadir while the
telescope was slightly lifted from the wyes to permit of the motion, and then the
telescope revolved 180^ in a horizontal plane and the observations repeated as
described above. The observations thus made are for one position of the hori-
zontal circle. After these observations the circle was shifted by revolving the whole
instrimentby means of the revolving trivet on which it was mounted. Observations
were made in two positions of the circle every night.
(lock No. 256, Bond &. Son,, was used in noting the time of observation of the
star and its reflection from mercury.
The clock correction was determined by Wtlrdemanu transit No. 1 from the obser-
vation of 4 time stars and 2 slow stars, usually before the observations for azimuth
were begun. The transit was mounted on the same pier used for mounting the
thfodolite in observing for azimuth. The transit foot plates being firmly attached
to the stone pier, it was possible to always place the instrument very nearly in the
meridian without any special adjustment.
The obseryations ibr azimuth were reduced by finding the azimuth of the star at
elongation and applying a correction depending on the interval lietweeu the time of
elongation and the time of observation. The declinations and right ascensions used
were taken from the Berlin Jahrbuch.
The formula for azimuth at elongation is,
sin. Ac = sec. <p cos. 8,
in which,
Ae = azimuth of star at elongation.
(p = latitude of place.
d = declination of the star.
For correction to elongation the formula was used,
^ . 2 sin. i T
Correction = -|- o;.;~T77 tan. A„
in whice r is the interval in time from elongation to the time of observation. 'Hiis
was used for intervals not exceeding twenty-five minutes. For deriving the correc-
3388 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
tioDjTableVI iu ChauveneVB Astronomy, Vol. ii., was iiBed. For intervals exceeding
twenty-five minntes the rigorous formula for the azimuth was used,
tan A= ~~
cos. <p tan.d — sin. <p cos. t
in which,
A = the azimuth.
t = the hour angle of the star from the meridian.
<p = the latitude.
S = the declination of the star.
To the mean result for each night the correction for diurnal aberration -|-^''>3 was
applied.
In the table following the detaild of the results of the observations for azimnth
are given :
Azimnth at observatory, Sault Ste, Marie, Mich., K. E, Haskell, observer,
[Star, date, etc.: PolariH near wpRteni elongation. March 2. 1894, a = 1* IS* 5^.97 i=z88° 44' 50" 96-
A. = 178° 10' 48" .75.]
Tel.
ViHlon.
Time from
elongation.
i
m. F.
— :w 28. 7
36 20. 2
35 09. 2
33 59.7
30 51.7
29 44. 9
26 25. 7
25 18.5
18 44.0
17 23. 2
18 21.7
15 17.5
13 01.0
11 5«.^
8 44.7
- 7 32.5
+ 2 09.3
3 46.3
4 42.8
5 50.3
8 07.0
9 02. 8
11 55. 8
12 59. 3
19 04.6
20 17. 0
21 07.3
22 13. 3
24 32. 6
25 32. 5
28 16.5
■r 29 21.4
Reduc-
tion to
elonga-
tion.
Azimuth of
star.
178 12 21. 2
12 11.2
12 05. 9
12 00. 9
11 48. 2
11 44. 0
11 32.4
11 28.6
11 10.6
11 07.6
11 05.4
11 03. 3
10 59. 3
10 57. 6
10 53. 5
10 52. 3
10 49.0
10 49. 6
10 50. 1
10 50.9
10 52. 9
10 53. 8
10 57. 6
10 59. 3
11 11.4
11 14.4
11 16.6
11 19.5
11 26.3
11 29.4
11 38.6
11 41.9
Angle
between
star and
A\ azi-
mnth.
Azimnth of
star plus
the angle.
>
Correc-
tion for
level.
Means —
azimuth
of ^ axi-
muth.
D
T>
Reflected
Direct
+92.5
82.4
77.1
72.1
59.4
55.1
43.5
39.9
21.9
18.8
16.7
14.6
10.fi
8.9
4.8
3.6
0.3
0.9
1.4
2.2
4.1
5.1
8.9
10.5
22.7
26.6
27.8
30.8
37.5
40.6
49.8
+53.2
/ //
— 5 38.6
5 24.0
5 26.2
5 29.7
5 05.7
5 11.4
5 02.8
4 51.2
4 29.9
4 34.1
4 32.6
4 18.2
4 36.0
4 17.6
4 15.0
4 26.9
3 57.7
4 24.7
4 35.8
4 13.0
4 80.2
4 08.1
4 17.0
4 40.0
4 32.1
4 44.4
4 45.5
4 64.0
4 56.2
4 59.4
5 11.9
— 5 09.8
O / II
178 06 42. 6
47.2
39.7
31.2
42.5
32.6
29.6
37.4
40.7
33.5
32.8
45.1
23.3
40.0
38.5
25.4
51.3
24.9
14.3
37.9
22.6
45.7
40.6
19.3
39.3
30.0
31.0
25.5
30.1
30.0
26.6
32.1
1 1
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-fO.l
+0.1
+ 0.1
+0.1
+ 0.2
+0.2
4 0.2
+0.2
+0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.1
178 06 44.8
T)
Direct
35 4
D
D
Reflected
Direct
37 5
D
D
Reflected
Reflected
Direct
33.4
R
R
Reflected
Direct
37.2
R
Direct
39 L
R
R
R
R
R
lieflected
Direct
Reflected
Roflectetl
Direct
31.7
32.1
R
R
Reflected
Direct
38.3
R
Dire<'t
26.3
R
R
Reflected
Direct
31 2
R
R
R
Reflected
Reflected
Direct
30.2
D
D
Reflectetl
Direct
34.7
D
Direct
28.2
D
Reflected
Direct
ao 0
D
D
D
Reflected
Reflected ...
Direct
29.4
Mean
178 M 33 8
Correction for al
Azimuth at obst
)erration .
+-0.3
178 06 34 1
srvatory, Sa
alt 8tc. Ml
irie, to A &zii
nnth
APPENDIX D D D — NOUTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3389
Azimuth at observaioi'jff Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., E, E, Haskell, observer — CoDtinued.
[Star, date, etc. : Polarin near western elongation. March 8, 1894, a = 1" 18« 53*.09; i — . 88° 44' 40".41;
A. ^178° 10' 46" .96.]
Tel.
Vision.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
B
K
R
K
K
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
]>
Time from
elongation.
KimIuc-
tiou to
elonga-
Reflected
Direct . . .
Direct —
Reflected
Direct
Reflected
Reflected....*.
Direct
Keflected
Direct . . .
Direct . . .
Reflected
B I Direct . . .
R Reflected
R Reflected
R 1 Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Keflected
Keflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . -
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Keflected
Reflected
Direct . . -
tion.
m. 8.
35 36. 7
34 02. 7
32 57. 7
31 54.2
29 16.4
27 56.9
24 45.2
23 32.2
17 17.3
15 54.2
14 42. 2
13 26. 0
11 08.9
9 59. 7
7 04.4
- 5 49. 7
+ 5 33. 3
6 52.9
8 03. 1
9 20.8
12 10.7
13 17.4
16 28. \
17 38. 6
24 24. 2
26 02. 6
26 58. 8
27 54.1
30 38. 3
31 47. 7
35 43.3
-f36 55.6
+79.5
72.6
68.0
63.7
53.4
48.7
38.2
34.5
18.6
15.8
13.5
11.3
7.8
6.2
3.1
2.1
1.9
3.0
4.0
5.4
9.2
11.0
16.9
19.4
37.1
42.3
45.4
48.5
58.8
63.3
80.0
+ 85.5
Asimuth of {
8tar. I
178 12 05. 4
11 58.6
11 54.0
11 49.7
11 39. 4
11 34.6
11 24.2
11 20.5
11 04.6
11 01.7
10 59. 4
10 57. 2
10 53. 7
10 52. 2
10 49. 1
10 48. 1
10 47. 9
10 48. 9
10 50.0
10 51.4
10 55. 2
10 57. 0
11 02.9
11 05.4
11 23.1
11 28.2
11 31. 3 j
11 34.5 I
11 44. 7
11 49. 3 I
12 05. 9
12 11.4
Angle
between
Htar and
A azi-
muth.
5 35.5
5 08.3
5 04.8
5 23.4
4 41.9
5 02. 8
4 54.7
4 31.5
4 29.0
4 27.5
4 23.5
4 18.2
4 22.8
4 17.3
4 14.5
4 14.8
3 57.9
4 20.0
4 20.9
4 01.7
4 27.0
4 09.2
4 13.2
4 36.1
4 40.4
4 49.2
4 52.5
4 52. 2
5 09.4
5 11.1
5 20. 8
•5 27.7
Asimuth of
star pIuH
the angle.
Correc- '
tion for;
level. I
Means-
azimuth
oi A azi-
muth.
178 06 29. 9
50.3
49.2
26.3
57.5
31.8
29.5
49.0
35.6 j
36.0 I
39.0
30.9
34.9 I
34.6 '
33.3 i
50.0 I
28.9 '
29.1 ,
49.7
28.2
47.8
49.7
29.3
42.7
39.0
38.8
42.3
35.3
38.3
45. 1
43.7
»/ O "
0.2 178 06 39.9
— 0.2
I
I
— 0.2
— 0.2 I
i
I
0.0 ;
0.0 I
i
I
1
0.0
0.0
-t-0. 2
+0.2 !
I
i
+0.2
+0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 I
i
37.6
44.4
39.1
35.0
37.5
32.9
34.0
39.6
39.6
38.2
38.7
40.8
40 6
36.8
44.4
Mean
Correction for aberration ,
Azimuth at observatory, Sault Ste. Marie, to A azimuth
178 06 38. 7
+ 0.3
178 06 39. 0
(Star, date, etc. : Polaris near western elongation. March 14, 1894, o=l"» 18« 50».76; jj — 88° 44' 47".79;
A,=rl78o 10' 44".14.J
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
B
B
R
R
Reflected
Direct ...
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . -
Reflected
Reflected
Direct - . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Reflected
Direct...
Reflected
Direct . . .
Birect . . .
Reflected
— 32 15. 2
30 14. 6
29 13.0
28 09.4
25 27.2
24 17.3
20 10.0
19 07. 6
12 05. 2
10 48. 6
9 52.3
8 54.6
6 29.4
4 37.2
— 65.8
+ 14.6
5 04.8
6 09.8
7 08.3
8 29.5
65.2
57.3
53.1
49.4
40.4
36.8
25. 4
'22.8
9.1
7.3
5.8
5.0
2.6
1.3
0.0
0.0
1.6
2.4
3.2
4.5
178 11 49. 3
41.5
37.3
33.6
24 6
20.9
09.5
07.0
10 53. 2
51.4
60.0
49.1
46.8
45.5
44.2
44.1
45.8
46.5
47.3
47.6
5 18. 1
4 48.2
4 43.0
5 04.8
4 32.2
4 51.5
4 39.6
4 16.4
4 02.1
4 26.9
4 27.2
3 58.2
4 29.2
3 54.8
3 52. 0
4 22.8
3 54.6
4 21.3
4 18.1
3 58.1
178 06 31. 2
53.2
54.2
28.7
52.3
29.4
29.9
50.5
51.1
24.5
22.7
50.9
17.5
50.6
52.2
21.3
51.1
25.2
29.2
50.5
— 0. 2 178 06 42. 0
— 0.2 41.2
— 0.2
— 0.2 j
+0.2
+ 0.2
^0.3
+ 0.2
+0.2
+0.2
40.6
40.0
38.0
37.0
34.3
37.0
38.4
40.0
3390 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, V, S. ARMY.
Azimuth at observatory ^ Sault Ste. Marie-f Mich., E. E. Haskell ^ observer — Continued.
[Star, date, etc.: Polaris near weatem elongation. March 14, 1894, a=l^ 18* 5o«.76: 6=88° 44' 47".7»;
Ae = 178oi0'44".14.1
TeL
B
R
R
R
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Vision.
Direct...
Reflected
liellected
Direct...
Reflected
Direct...
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Reflected
Direct...
Redno-
Time from i tion to
elongation. I elonga-
tion.
m. a.
— 10 39.2
11 50. 5
14 24. 0
15 33. 5
22 20.9
23 24.1
24 25.8
25 16. G
27 39.9
29 01.3
31 53.2
+ 32 59.5
+ 7.1
8.8
12.9
15.1
31.2
34.2
37.2
39.8
47.7
52.6
63.7
+68.2
Azimuth of
star.
11
Angle
lietween
star and
Aaxi-
muth.
178 10 51. 2
52.9
57.1
59.2
15.3
18.3
21.4
24.0
31.9
36.8
47.8
52.3
■4 27.3
3 58.2
3 .57. 9
4 35.0
4 40.9
4 28. A
4 35. i^
4 45.4
4 42.8
4 59.9
5 06. 3
5 02.4
Azimuth of
star pins
the angle.
Correc
tion for
level.
' 178 06 23. 9
54.7
59.1
24.2
Mean
Correction for aberration
Azimuth at observatory, Sault Ste. Marie, to
azimuth.
34.4
49.9 ^
45.4
38.6
49.0
36.9
41.5
49.9
I
+0.2
+0.3
— O.I
0.0
— 0.1
— 0.1
Means —
azimut>h
of ^ a«i-
uinth
178 06 30. 5
41.9
42.1
42.0
42.0
45.6
178 06 40. 1
+ 0.3
178 06 40. 4
[Star, date, etc. Polaris near western elongation. March 19, 1894, 0=1" 18« 48" .61; 8=88^ 44' 46". 40;
A.— 178 3 10' 42". 25.]
D ; Reflected
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
R
R
R
R
B
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
D
D
D
D
Direct ...
Dirt'ct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Reflected
Direct . . -
Reflected
Direct . . .
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
l)ire<--t - . .
Direct ...
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Rcfl«*cted
Direct
— 19 52. 6
18 47.8
17 40.8
16 38. 7
13 53.9
12 26.3
9 13.8
7 56.8
— 0 53. 4
+ 0 11.3
1 04.2
2 07.4
4 48.8
5 49.5
9 22. 0
10 26. 2
12 50.3
13 48.4
14 22. 2
15 33. 5
18 08. 6
19 07.5
22 03. 2
23 03. 5
29 27. 3
30 21.1
31 20.8
32 15.3
34 10. 1
35 06. 6
38 04.1
+ 39 00.0
+ 24.7
22.1
19.5
17.3
12.1
9.7
5.3
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
1.
2.
5.
6.8
10.3
11.9
12.0
15.1
20.5
22.8
30.3
33.2
54.1
57.2
60.4
63.5
70.0
73.5
84.9
+88.8
I
178 11 07. 0
11 04. 4
11 01.8
10 59. 6
10 54.4
10 51.9
10 47. 6
10 46. 2
10 42. 3
10 42. 2
10 42.3
10 42. 5
10 43. 7
10 44.4
10 47. 8
10 49. 0
10 52. 6
10 54. 2
10 55.2
10 57.4
11 02. 8
11 05. 0
11 12.6
11 15.4
11 36.4
11 39. 5
U 42.6
11 45.8
11 52.3
11,65.7
12 07. 2
12 11.0
I
—4 37.9
4 03.4
4 07.0
4 33.0
3 57.7
4 24.7
4 18.8
3 42.1
4 00.4
4 07.1
4 00.3
4 01.7
4 10.0
4 09.0
4 07.3
4 07.7
4 13.2
4 00.2
4 17.4
4 19.0
1 24.3
4 25.5
4 28.3
4 36.1
4 54.2
4 52.0
4 53.9
5 04.5
5 03.5
5 15.7
5 37.6
— 5 28.3
Mean
Correction for aberration
Azimuth at observatory; Sault Ste. Marie, to A azimuth
178 06 29. 0
OV 00.9
06 54.8
06 26.6
06 56.6
06 27. 2
06 28.8
07 04.1
06 41.9
06 35.2
06 42. 0
06 40. 8
06 33.7
06 35. 4
06 40. 4
06 41.3
06 39.4
06 45.0
06 37.8
06 38.4
06 38.4
06 39.6
06 44.3
06 39.4
06 42.2
06 47.5
06 48.8
06 41.3
06 48.8
06 40.0
06 29.6
06 42.7
0.2 178 06 44.8
0.2 I 40.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
• 0.1
0.1
0.1
41.7
46.2
38.6
41.4
34.6
40.8
42.2
38.1
30.0
41.8
44.8
4&1
44.3
36.1
178 06 41.2
+ 0.3
178 06 41.5
APPENDIX^ D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3391
Azimuth at obaervatary, Sault Ste, Marie, Mich., E, E. Haskell, observer — Cootinued.
[Star, date etc. : 51 Cephei, near western elongation. Ikfarch 19, 1894. a = 6i> 50" 59.82*. 6 =%1^ 13'
14.16". A, = 175° 67' 37". 30.]
Tel.
Vision.
Time from
elongation.
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Ji
K
R
R
ReflfM^ted
Direct . . .
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct...
Retieote^l
Reflected
Direct . . .
Reflected
Direct . . .
Direct . . .
Reflected
VI. 9.
—25 38.6
23 59.9
22 17.6
20 42. 8
17 42. 1
15 45. 1
11 54.2
—10 48. 8
[+2 21.2
3 23.9
4 50. 8
[+8 55.4
Rednc- j
tion to Azimuth of
elonga- I star,
tion.
+91.1
79.8
68.8
59.5
43.4
34.4
19.6
16.2
0.8
1.8
• 3.3
+ 11.0
Anf^le
between
star and
moth.
175 59 08. 4
58 57.1
58 46. 1
58 36.8
58 30.7
68 11.7
57 56. 9
57 53.5
57 38.1
67 39.1
57 40. 6
57 48.3
2 07 23. 7
07 56. 2
08 00. 3
07 50. 3
08 34. 5
08 13. 6
08 41. 9
08 57.6
09 07.1
08 45.6
08 51.4
08 58.7
1
Azimnth of
star plus
the angle.
O « "
178 08 32. 1
06 53. 3
06 46.4
06 27. 1
07 05.2
06 25.3
06 38.8
06 51.1
06 45.2
06 24. 7
06 32.0
06 47. 0
Correc
tiou for
level.
Means —
azimnth
of A i^fsi-
muth.
II
O » »'
—0.2
178 06 37. 5
-0.2
36.6
-0.3
44.9
-0.1
44.9
+0.2
36.2
+ 0.1
39.6
Mean
Connection for aberration
Azimuth at observatory at Sanlt Ste. Marie to ^ azimuth
Mean adopted azimuth at observatory Sault Ste. Marie to ^ azimuth.
178 06 39.8
+ 0.3
178 06 40. 1
178 06 38. 7
For the various ni^fhta the mean resalts are as follows: The weighted mean in
obtained by weighting according to the number of results.
Azimuth of line Observatory Sault Ste, Marie to A Azifnuth,
1894.
Azimuth.
No. of
rei^uits.
Mar. 2
Polaris western eloniration
0 / "
178 06 34. 1
178 06 39. 0
178 06 40. 4
178 06 41.5
178 06 40. 2
16
Mar. 8
do
16
Mar. 14
do
16
Mar. 19
do-
16
Mar. 19
51 Cephei western elongation
6
Weighted mean
178 06 38. 87
The azimuth is reckoned from the south around by the west.
The result of the observations gives as the adopted azimuth for the line Observa-
tory Sault 8t«. Marie to station azimuth 178^ 06' 38.87".
LATITUDE STAR LIST.
A list of 106 pairs of latitude stars has been prepared, suitable for observations at
Sault Ste. Marie. It includes pairs of stars throughout the whole range of right
ascension from 0 to 24 hours, and is suited for the determination of latitude at any
time of the year. The list includes 81 stars from the Berlin Jahrbuch catalogue of
622 stars; 81 stars from Saft'ord's catalogue of 2,018 stars; 6 from the Northern
Boundary Survey catalogue of 500 stars; 24 from H. Romberg's catalogue of 5,634
stars observed at Pulkowa Observatory from the years 1874 to 1880, and 20 stars from
the Coast Survey catalogue of 2,179 stars, report of 1876. The various catalogues are
indicated by the abbreviations B. J., S., N. B., R., and C. S. The square brackets
around a B. J. star [ ] indicate it is a star for which the day places are not given
in the Berlin Jahrbuch. The star factors for such stars^ however, are given by which
the day places can be readily computed.
The following is the list oif latitude pairs. The settings given have a correction
for refraction applied :
3392 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. J^MY.
Latitude list for Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.
of
pair
1
2
6 1
7 I
i
i
8 1
I
I
9 i
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
B.J.
S.
N.B.
• S.
B.J.
B.J.
S.
B.J.
S.
S.
B.J.
S.
s.
B.J.
S.
N.B.
B.J.
N.B.
B.J.
B.J.
R.
R.
B.J.
R.
B.J.
R.
B.J.
B.J.
C.S.
B.J.
B.J.
C. S.
B.J.
B.J.
R.
R.J.
R.
R.
B.J.
C.S.
B.J.
B.J.
R.
R.
C.S.
C.S.
C.S.
B.J.
C.S.
C S.
B.J.
B.J.
c. s.
B.J.
Star.
[22 Andromedfl^],
1743 C
Mag-
ni-
tude.
1764 A
5.6
6.0
5.5
6.5
[x CassiopejB]
i Andromeda;
1816B
fji Androniedfe.
1862 C
1870 B.
fi Andromi^flB
1899 B 2d
1915 B..
vPcrsei.
1949 C.
40
aXrianguli.
45
V Andromedic.
[6 PermtiJ
563
572
1 1 Cassiopeie]
027
[ryPerseij
679
y Pereei . ,
^Per»ei»
289
2 H. Cainelop
[aPersei]
315
To Persei]
9 H. Camelop.
909 ,
[54Per8ei].
993.
1057
4 Camelop.
477
I Aiirigttt...
10 Camelop.
1136 iBt.
1146....
505
513
530
17 Camelop.
553
573
fv Atiripwl
r! All rig*.
004
22 H. Camelop.
Mean A.R.,
1895.
A. m . s.
0 04 51. 78
0 11 36.40
i
0 15 35.34
0 20 54. 49 I
Mean decli-
nation. 1895.
Zenith
distance.
Setting.
45 29 15.
47 21 46.
37 23 13.
50 03 36.
82 i S.
30 N.
02
10
S.
X.
0 / "
1 00 50
0 51 40
9 06 53
9 33 30
o /
0 56. 2 ^•
0 2.5.0
3. 6 1 47 05. 72 ■
3. 6 1 55 13. 70 j
2. 4 1 57 27. 14 '
6. 0 2 06 37. 21
6. 5 2 14 55. W
5. 8 t 2 17 26. 13
4. 1 I 2 20 24. 83 ',
5.9 2 34 32.83 :
3. 6 I 2 43 02. 20
6. 0 i 2 47 04. 98
3.0 2 57 11.41
var. 3 01 20. 10
4.9 3 12 10.00
4.6 3 20 33. 91 ,
4.8 3 23 10.24
5.5 3 25 10. IKJ I
I
4.0 3 37 43. 95
6.0 3 48 10.08
5. 0 3 55 42. 12 I
5.8 4 13 35.48 :
6.3 4 17 48.80 ]
6. 9 4 34 12. 28
.">. 8 4 39 15.28 !
5. 0 4 45 36. 00
3. 0 4 50 09. 33
4. 0 4 51 04. 67
6. 0 4 57 03. 93
7.0 4 59 14.51
5. 4 5 01 35. 00
5.7 ; 5 05 16.00
5. 8 5 14 32. 00
6.0 5 20 15.14
6. 8 5 27 56. 00
4.7 6 41 54.00
4. 0 5 44 12. 64
4. 1 5 50 52. 85
4. 9 5 57 45. 00
4. 6 : 6 07 10. 52 «
29 04 01.
63 52 59.
41 49 32.
50 34 40.
44 07 07.
49 31 48.
66 55 48.
26 36 35.
55 27 33.
37 54 34
53 '05 42.
40 33 03.
33 50 13.
59 34 27.
47 37 56.
45 42 02.
31 57 19.
60 48 03.
58 51 48.
34 18 46.
:» 43 03
59 19 10
56 34 12.
36 31 33.
32 59 58.
60 17 17.
58 49 30.
33 46 27
20 16 46
73 08 50.
29 27 40.
62 58 44.
54 21 30.
39 08 40.
30 07 02.
54 16 34.
23 16 08.
69 21 22.
95
S.
17 26 04
99 N. 17 22 54
17 24. 2
54
09
56
16
S.
N.
S.
N.
19 ' X.
52 S.
32
00
14
24
30
07
X.
S.
X.
s.
s.
X.
92 ' X.
55 S.
15
82
36
21
S.
X.
X.
S.
04 ! S.
46 X.
t
69 X.
35 S.
47
S.
78 ! X.
36
08
75
80
15
20
70
15
X^.
s.
X.
s.
s.
X.
4 40 34
4 04 34
2 22 58
3 01 42
20 25 43
19 5.3 30
8 57 28
8 35 32
6 35 36
5 57 04
12 39 53
13 04 21
1 07 50
1 48 03
14 32 47
14 17 58
12 21 42
12 U 20
12 47 03
12 49 04
10 04 07
9 58 .33
13 30 08
13 47 12
12 19 24
12 43 39
26 13 19
26 38 15
17 02 26
16 28 38
8 46.4
' 10 01.2
13 38.5
12 31.3
26 25.6
X. 7
S.
64 ; S.
31 i X.
15 S.
44 1 X.
7 51 25
7 21 26
7 23 03
7 46 28
23 13 58
22 51 16
7 36.3
S.
X.
4.3
3.3
0 27 01.89
0 33 42. 77
62 21 07. 49
30 17 11.25
X.
s.
15
16
51 01
12 55
16 01.7
X.
s.
6.0
4.0
0 39 18. 08
0 50 55. 54
54 38 46. 50
37 55 47. 52
X.
s.
8
8
08 40
34 18
8 22.3
X.
s.
6.7
6.0
0 59 44. 53
1 02 14. 51
62 12 00.60
31 27 05. 40
X.
s.
15
15
41 55
03 05
15 22.2
X.
s.
2.3
5.6
1 03 51. 14
1 13 28. 54
35 03 50. 32
57 40 47. 00
s.
X.
11
11
26 16
10 41
11 18.3
s.
X.
5.0
3.6
1 21 22. 20
1 31 32.75
44 51 52. 16
48 03 46. 16
s.
X.
1
1
38 14
35 40
1 37.0
s.
■X-
6.0
6.0
1 34 21. 59
1 45 28. 40
42 46 01. 50
50 16 27. 44
s.
X.
3
3
44 04
46 21
3 45. 1
X.
s.
4 22.5
S.
X.
2 42. 3
s.
X.
20 09.2
X.
X.
s.
6 13.2 ^-
12 51. 9 ^-
1 23. 1 ;^-
14 20. 1 ^•
12 16. 3 ^-
! 12 47. 8 ^
*^ a
s.
s.
X.
X.
s.
X.
s.
16 45. 2 -S-
X.
S-
7 34.6 ^
23 02. 2 4*
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3393
Latitude list for Sault Ste. MariCy Mich. — Continued.
No.
ol
pair.
28
I
1
20
30
31
32
33 I
34
35
36
37
38
30
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
46
40
60
51
52
53
54
Cata-
logue.
B.J.
B J.
B.J.
B.J.
C.S.
C.S.
C.S.
C.S.
B..T.
B.J.
R.
R.
X.B.
R.
C.S.
C.S.
B.J.
B.J.
R.
B.J.
B.J.
R.
B.J.
R.
B.J.
R.
B.J.
R.
R.
R.
B.J.
C.S.
R.
B.J.
B.J.
B.J.
Star.
^i^nrigse..
[i^Aarigfle]
tfGemiiiorum,
15 Lyncis . . . .
607
702
705
728
24 Lyncis
irGeminorQm.
1767
1787
132.
1866
787
' 791
rGr.1446].
0 Cancri . .
1967
[flr« Cancri m)
[pUre. M^.l
2030
a»Ur8. Mjy
2082
I
2155
vUrs. MiO
2199
2207
2232
^Leonia
914
2273
[37rr8."'Maj.]
35 H. Ure.MatJ.].
41 Leonis niiu.J..
C.S. i 952
C.S. 963
R.
B.J.
B.J.
R.
C.S.
R.
B.J.
S.
B.J.
S.
S.
s.
s.
B.J.
8.
S.
2400
vUrs. M(\j.
Gr. 1771...
2529 ,
1010
2615
f2 Can.Ven.l.
33 A
[74 Ur6. MivJ.]
61A
95 A..
108 A.
121 A
43 Comae.
157 A.
161 A.
Mag.
1 tude.
Mean A. R.,
1895.
Mean decli-
nation, 1895.
Zenith
distance.
Setting.
1
5.1
5.8
h. m. ».
6 10 48. 74
6 .39 10. 21
0 ' "
49 2a 27. 80
43 40 53. 50
X.
s.
0 • /'
2 50 22
2 49 12
° ' X.
2 49. 7 S.
3.3
4.7
6 45 52. 16
6 48 11. 14
34 05 15. 53
58 33 35.99
N.
12 24 51
12 03 30
S.
12 14.0 X.
5.7
6.0
7 08 05.00
7 13 41.00
47 25 39. 35
45 2S 19. 75
X.
s.
0 55 33
1 04 46
X.
100.2 s.
5.3
6.0
7 15 02. 00
7 28 15. 00
36 57 30. 10
55 59 11. 75
s.
X.
9 32 36
9 29 06
S.
9 30. 7 N.
5.1
5.3
7 34 07. 43
7 40 44. 26
58 57 20. 03
33 40 23. 47
X.
s.
12 27 14
12 49 43
12 38. 3 \
6.5
6.6
7 44 17.45
7 52 32. 54
33 29 52. 46
59 19 54. 58
s.
X.
13 00 14
12 49 49
S.
12 54.8 N.
5.0
6.2
8 02 22. 20
8 14 17. 61
68 46 59. 17
24 21 10. 22
X.
s.
22 16 53
22 08 56
22 12.5 ^:
5.8
5.4
8 23 27. 00
8 25 13. 00
27 16 39.90
65 30 09. 85
s.
X.
19 13 26
19 00 04
19 06. 4 n!
6.0
4.0
8 28 01. 85
8 38 43. 09
73 59 46. 94
18 32 24.29
X.
s.
27 29 41
27 57 42
27 43. 2 s."
6.7
5.8
8 44 43. 50
8 47 50. 34
62 21 17.62
30 58 36. 49
X.
s.
15 51 12
15 31 30
15 41. 1 ^'
5.0
5.0
8 53 04. 60
8 56 36. 02
68 02 18. 72
24 51 57. 78
X.
8.
21 32 12
21 38 08
X
21 34.8 s;
5.0
7.1
9 01 09. 33
9 15 04. 11
67 33 38. 07
25 36 43. 66
X.
s.
21 03 32
20 53 22
20 58. 1 ^'
3.0
5.8
9 25 50. 13
9 35 30.03
52 09 19. 95
40 14 10. 58
X.
s.
5 39 15
6 15 55
5 57.5 ^:
3.6
6.4
9 43 31.45
9 50 21.80
59 31 57. 27
32 52 53. 92
X.
s.
13 01 51
13 37 12
13 19.3 g;
5.0
4.4
9 52 38. 22
10 01 14. 28
57 18 50. 12
35 ^5 22. 92
X.
s.
10 48 44
10 44 43
10 46. 5 g;
3.0
5.8
10 10 51. 04
10 13 03.00
23 56 26. 17
69 16 30. 20
&.
22 33 39
22 46 24
22 39. 6 ^^
6.9
5.1
10 18 03.21
10 28 23. 86
34 43 29. 00
57 37 24. 23
s.
X.
11 46 37
11 07 18
11 26. 8 ^;
5.1
5.3
10 35 33. 10
10 37 42.42
69 37 30. 62
23 44 16.08
X.
s.
21 07 25
22 45 49
22 56. 2 ^;
•
5.9
5.1
10 46 15.00
10 54 58. 00
53 03 46. 70
39 46 31. 25
X.
s.
6 33 41
6 43 32
0 38. 5 ^*
6.5
3.3
10 55 54. 34
11 12 48.62
59 13 52. 62
33 40 02. 24
X.
s.
12 43 47
12 50 04
12 46. 7 ^*
6.1
6.6
11 16 36. 64
11 30 46. 40
64 54 18. 10
28 21 40.48
X.
s.
18 24 12
18 08 26
18 16.0 ^
5.5
5.5
11 49 19. 00
11 56 17.22
56 22 45. 80
36 37 46. 20
X.
s.
9 52 40
9 52 20
0 51. 5 ^•
5.9
5.6
12 10 51.92
12 18 55. 17
41 14 41. 18
52 08 37. 50
s.
X.
5 15 25
5 38 32
5 26.9 ^
6.6
5.6
12 25 03. 21
12 28 28. 70
58 59 00. 66
33 49 40. 70
X.
s.
12 28 55
12 40 25
12 34 5 ^
5.6
6.7
12 45 11.72
12 51 40. 81
38 05 16. 80
54 40 03. 28
s.
X.
8 24 49
8 09 57
8 17.2 S.
6.0
4.1
12 57 40. 82
13 06 58. 45
64 10 26. 80
28 24 37. 62
X.
s.
17 40 21
18 05 27
17 52. 6 g;
6.0
5.0
13 19 08. 25
13 21 01. 00
37 84 55.00
55 32 05. 84
s.
X.
8 55 10
9 01 59
8 58.4 J
XI.
ENa 94-
213
831)4: REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,
Latitude list for Sauli Ste. Marie, Mich. — Continued.
No.
ol
pair.
55
£8
67
58
59
eo
61
92
63
64
65
66
67
68
70
71
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
Cat a
B.J.
.>.
B.J.
S.
B.J.
B.J.
S.
B.J.
S.
S.
B.J.
R.
S.
s.
s.
B.J.
s.
B.J.
B.J.
S.
s.
B.J.
S.
B.J.
S.
s.
s.
s.
B.J.
s.
s.
B.J.
S.
S.
s.
s.
N.B.
B.J.
S.
B.J.
S.
B.J.
S.
S.
B.J.
B.J.
S.
s.
s.
s.
B.J.
S.
Star.
I ITH.Cftn. Ven
1 I93A
[i Draconis]
232 A
11 Bootis..
a Draconis
271 B...
B Bootis
300 A.
320 A.
Or. 2164
3319....
361A..-
363 A...
386A
( Draoonis . . .
405 A ,
[0Cor. Bor.]
470 A
[6r.2296] ..
479 A
9 Draconis..
500 B
606A
516 A
524A.iL....
11 Draconis..
549 A
553 B
[^Hercalis]
585 B
597 B
609 A
825 A
297
irHerculls..
643A
[yi Draookiis]
659A
[i^ Draconis]
687 A.
689 A.
oHercnlia
[38 Draconis]
786 A,
784 A.
789 B.
809C.
[c Lyrw a pr]
329 A
Mac^-
ni-
tude.
5.5
6.6
5.0
5.0
6.0
3.3
6.0
3.8
6.7
5.0
5.8
6.5
6.0
6.0
5.6
3.0
6.7
4.0
5.0
6.5
6.0
5.1
6.5
3.6
6.7
6.5
6.0
6.7
2.6
6.0
6.0
2.6
5.0
6.7
6.7
6.5
8.0
3.1
5.4
4.7
4.0
4.7
6.5
6.0
3.8
5.0
6.7
6.0
6.5
8.0
4.5
6.0
Mean A. R., Moau dfcli-
1895. natiou, 18'J5.
Zenith
distance.
h, tn. i.
13 30 00. 45
13 36 45. 40
13 48 21.92
13 51 46. 80
13 56 24.84
14 01 32. 77
14 12 08. 52
14 21 37. 32
14 31 23. 11
14 38 48. 45
14 48 46. 45
14 51 37. 96
15 02 21. 73
15 03 51. 78
15 17 36. 36
15 22 35. 57
15 25 52. 40
15 28 41. 62
15 34 03. 39
15 39 69. 17
15 51 68. 36
15 55 17. 76
15 57 01.90
15 59 55.41
16 06 59. 49
16 10 44. 66
16 15 30. 09
16 18 64.64
16 22 34. 42
16 29 23. 60
16 30 56. 39
16 37 19. 73
16 46 09.62
16 51 18. 02
16 57 26. 00
17 04 18. 74
17 05 48. 90
17 11 23.37
17 14 02. 99
17 30 06. 64
17 20 03. 79
17 30 11. 00
17 33 54. 39
17 35 59. 55
18 03 26. 79
18 13 17.46
18 15 53. 76
18 25 14. 49
18 28 49. 22
18 36 37. 00
18 40 51. 57
18 44 22. 26 I
O » ''
37 43 13.15 S.
55 12 45. 8-L j K.
66 14 30.93 ' K.
28 00 25. 10 S.
27 63 37. 81 , S.
64 52 39. 87 K.
40 13 53. 10 S.
62 20 10.07 N.
66 51 13. 90 ' N.
26 68 27. 82 S.
59 43 15. 35
32 43 28. 14
66 19 36.90
26 42 11. 64
N.
S.
S.
83 18 34. 04 S.
59 20 02. 43 X.
61 01 56. 30 N.
3142 48.72 S.
40 41 42. 77 S.
52 41 81.60 N.
38 lb 00. 34 S.
55 02 47.00 N.
83 87 12.42 S.
58 50 44. 66 N.
56 12 30. 90 N.
34 07 29.90 S.
60 00 33. 80 N.
32 34 41. 50 S.
61 45 06.87 N.
30 43 09. 43 S.
61 02 36. 10 N.
31 47 36. 41 S.
46 09 58.06 S.
46 42 32. 70 N.
66 50 33. 10 N.
36 04 17. 90 S.
56 64 05. 03 N.
36 65 38. 90 S.
37 24 05. 00 S.
56 15 21. 69 N.
87 14 32.66 S.
65 14 40. 22 N.
81 57 17. 14 N.
31 15 28. 50 S.
28 44 53. 00 S.
64 21 41.60 N.
68 43 04. 40 N.
23 47 46. 80 S.
30 28 31. 54 S.
62 25 48. 70 N.
39 33 37. 84 S.
62 62 21. 50 N.
8 46 53
8 42 40
18 44 25
18 20 41
18 36 28
18 22 84
6 16 13
6 50 03
19 21 08
19 31 38
13 13 10
13 46 38
19 49 31
19 47 54
13 11 32
12 49 56
14 31 50
14 47 17
6 48 23
6 11 26
8 15 06
8 32 40
12 62 64
12 20 89
11 42 34
12 22 86
13 30 27
13 55 24
15 15 00
16 46 67
14 32 28
14 42 30
0 20 06
0 12 27
10 20 27
10 25 48
9 23 50
9 34 27
9 06 01
8 45 16
9 16 33
8 44 34
15 27 11
15 14 38
17 45 13
17 51 36
22 12 58
22 42 19
16 01 34
15 55 43
6 56 29
6 82 16
Setting.
o »
8 44.6
S.
N.
18 36.7
N.
S.
18 29.2
S.
N.
6 03.0
S.
N.
19 26.0
S.
13 29.7
N.
S.
19 48.4
S.
13 00.5
S.
14 30.3
N.
S.
5 60.8
s.
N.
8 23.8
S.
N.
12 36.6
N.
12 02.4
N.
8.
13 42.7
N.
S.
15 80.7
N.
S.
14 37.3
S.
0 16.3
s.
N.
10 23.0
S.
9 29.1
N.
8.
8 56.5
S.
N.
8 59.9
S.
N.
15 20.6
N.
S.
17 48.1
S.
N.
22 27.2
N.
S.
15 68.4
S.
6 99.3
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3395
Latitude liat for Suuli Ste. Marie^ Mich. — Continued.
lofpie.
pair
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
fil
9£
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
toa
104
105
IWI
B.J.
B.J.
B.J.
S.
n.j.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
N. B.
s.
s.
s.
s. *
s.
B.J.
s.
B.J.
li.J.
s.
s.
B.J.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
B.J.
B.J.
B.J.
B.J.
S.
S.
S.
B. J.
S.
C. 8.
S.
B.J.
B.J.
S.
Star.
o I>ra4;onia
f c Lyrae] .
98SA....
& Draeonifl..
919 A
955 A.
96TA.
876 A. -
977 A...
1026B
1057C
1072A
101)7 A
1115 A
1I54A
1182C
403
1211B
1226 A
1233 A
1247 B
1256 A A
[fCygni]
1280 C ..
i Cygni.
fTCyeni],
1294 B....
1320 A...
^ Cephei.
13B9A.-.
1377 C...
1382 C
1399 B
1429 A.
1457 A.
1474 B .
14}>4B.
[SOCepbei],
1} Pegaal —
iCophei
/3 Pegasi .
1589 B
1609 B
1828 A....
4 Canslop.
1649
2138
1661 B
[x Androm],
Mas-
ni-
tude.
3.4-4.5
4.6
5.0
6.5
3.0
6.5
5.4
6.4
6.7
5.0
6.0
6.0
6.5
6.0
5.4
6.7
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.5
5.6
6.7
6.5
4.0
6.7
3.0
4.0
6.0
5.4
3.0
5.4
6.5
6.0
6.0
6.5
6.0
S.4
5.0
5.3
3.0
3.4
var.
41 H. Cephei.
1707 A
6.7
6.0
6.0
5.8
6.5
6.0
6.5
4.1
5.6
6.5
Mean A. K.,
1896.
h. m. s.
18 46 12. 19
18 49 39. 11
19 03 33. 32
19 09 41.43
19 12 31. 83
19 18 32. 85
19 27 52. 13
19 29 23. 55
19 38 39. 66
19 35 13. 65
19 40 02. 00
19 56 02. 00
20 00 21. 79
20 09 55. 69
20 12 13. 56
2U 26 31. 32
20 33 28.00
20 36 17. 50
20 41 08. 14
20 45 21. 67
20 49 31. 91
20 52 59. 72
20 55 08. 08
21 01 06. 72
21 07 14.00
21 08 28.01
21 10 35. 96
21 14 05. 80
21 25 11.48
21 27 18. 36
21 38 21. 89
21 42 06. 20
21 44 08. 00
21 48 27. 86
22 01 44. 12
22 09 29. 00
22 16 41. 10
22 25 09. 11
22 34 55. 47
22 38 04. 79
22 45 56. 46
22 58 41. 00
23 02 58. 92
23 12 19.68
23 16 47. 20
23 20 10. 36
23 28 13.00
23 30 24. 00
23 34 02. 75
23 35 14. 15
23 42 53. 21
23 55 01.33
Mean decli-
nation, 1805.
o « "
33 14 27. 40
59 15 36.07
35 56 08. 41
56 36 48. 10
67 28 36. 44
26 03 39. 12
34 13 46. 90
58 22 22. 60
63 12 02. 20
29 54 10. 70
47 39 38. 45
45 29 09.65
64 31 36. 34
28 22 35. 80
47 23 29.50
45 34 19. 56
37 57 49. 30
55 38 03. 61
46 54 57.00
45 43 27. 38
43 59 22. 54
48 47 28. 44
Zenith
diatanue.
Setting.
S.
N.
S.
N.
S.
8.
N.
N.
S.
N.
S.
N.
8.
N.
S.
8.
N.
N.
S.
8.
N.
SO 03 14.40 N.
43 30 31. 86 8.
62 52 01. 40
29 47 46.21
37 35 50. 32
65 21 24. 30
23 10 42. 60
70 05 58.88
50 42 36. 94
42 34 31. 10
38 09 37. 60
55 18 11.20
47 43 13.70
44 55 11. 10
46 00 26. 76
47 10 08. 60
63 02 18. 51
29 40 19. 35
65 38 52. 94
27 30 47.28
48 43 24. 90
44 35 33. 20
31 14 13. 40
61 42 22. 34
21 55 10.45
71 03 42. 35
49 53 25. 23
43 45 09. 00
67 13 24. 18
26 ao 07. 06
S.
8.
N.
8.
N.
N.
8.
S.
N.
N.
8.
8.
N.
N.
8.
N.
8.
N.
8.
8.
N.
8.
N.
N.
8.
N.
8.
13 15 38
12 45 30
10 33 58
10 06 42
20 58 31 I
aO 26 27
12 16 19
11 62 17
16 41 56
16 35 56
1 09 32
1 00 56
18 01 30
18 07 30
0 53 24
0 55 46
8 32 17
9 07 58
0 24 51
0 46 39
2 30 43
2 17 22
3 33 08
2 59 34
16 21 55
16 42 20
8 54 16
8 51 18
23 19 23
23 35 52
4 12 31
8 65 35
8 20 28
8 48 05
1 13 06
1 34 55
0 29 39
0 40 03
16 32 12
16 49 47
19 08 47
18 59 18
2 13 19 '
1 54 13
15 15 53 I
15 12 17
24 34 66
24 33 36
3 23 19
2 44 57
20 43 18
20 09 50
o /
13 00.3
N.
10 20.2
8.
20 42. 1
N.
8.
12 04.1
8.
16 88.6
N.
8.
1 05.2
N.
8.
18 04.2
N.
8.
0 54.6
N.
8.
8 50.0
8.
0 36.8
N.
S.
2 24.0
8.
N.
3 16.3
S.
16 31. 0
8.
8 52.6
S.
23 27. 2
8.
N.
4 04.0
N.
8.
8 34.2
8.
N.
I 24.0
N.
8.
0 34.8
S.
N.
16 40.7
N.
8.
19 03. 7
8.
2 03.8
N.
8.
15 13.8
8.
N.
24 33.8
8.
N.
3 04.1
8.
20 26. 3
N.
S.
3396 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
«
The list of latitude pairs has been prepared with a view to observiDg latitude from
time to time, for the purpose of detecting the change of latitude, if there is auy.
Recent determinations of latitude at various points over the surface of the earth by
skilled observers and the elaborate investigations of the older observations of latitade
and star declinations leave little doubt that there is a change of latitude with a period
of about one year, and the amplitude of which is about 0".6. Two places on the
earth^s surface, 180^ apart in longitude, show these small changes of latitude exactly
opposite in phase. At Greenwicn, for instance, when the latitude is at its greatest,
at Honolulu it is at its least value. This would indicate that the pole of the eart^
describes a circle around its mean position in the period of the latitude change.
If there is any such motion of the pole there would be a corresponding change in
the azimuth of a line on the earth's surface. The maximum change of azimuth will
occur between the time the pole is farthest east and farthest west of its mean poei-
tiou, which corresponds to the time of greatest deviation of latitude from its mean
position for a place 90^ distant in longitude from the place of the azimuth.
Suppose the mean position or the center of the circle described by the pole to be
at P on the surface of the earth aud its position at its farthest west of its mean poai-
tion as viewed from any other point 8 to be at P', then the change in the direction
of the meridian through S due to the change in the position of the pole will be the
angle P 8 P'.
The spherical triangle P 8 P', being right-angled at P', gives,
. ^«T., si"- I*P'
sin. PSP'=
siu. SP
Taking for the position of the point S Sanlt Ste. Marie, of which the latitute is
46^ 30' 06", 8 P is the co-latitude, P P' is half the change of the latitude, 0".3 for a
point 90^ distant in longitude and the corresponding change in direction of the
meridian is at 8ault Ste. Marie, 0".44. The greatest change ,in the azimuth of the
line will be twice the change in the direction of the meridian, or 0".88.
To determine such a small change in the azimuth requires a very precise method
of observation. The probable error of a very good measurement of a horizon-
tal angle is about ^0".5. The azimuth of a line determined in the usual way by
means of a horizontal circle would not be any more accurate.. The probable error of
a latitude determination by means of the zenith telescope is only -{-0".08. The
method of tracing the latitude change by observation of an azimuth would there-
fore not be of any great value as comparea with the direct determinations of the lati-
tude, unless some more accurate method of observing the azimuth can be devised
than the one ordinarily in use.
In the ordinary method of determining the azimuth, the error is due to the errors
of the circle used in observing the angle between the star and the mark, and the
error due to observation of the star at an altitude, where a correction for level has
to be applied for the inclination of the horizontal from observations with a strid-
ing level. The errors of graduation of the best circles are nearly of the same order
as the change of azimuth to be determined.
The observatory at Sanlt Ste. Marie is well adapted for precise determination of
azimuth. The stone pier for mounting the instrument is large and solid and well
isolated from the surface layers of the earth, so that no tremors are transmitted.
There is a concrete pier for holding a mercury dish, and the star can be observed
direct, and reflected from Mercury, dispensing with the use of a striding level.
A Azimuth is in the same vertical plane as Polaris at western elongation within 4',
and the angle between it and the star can be determined with a micrometer, dispens-
ing with the use of a horizontal circle.
The expression for the azimuth of a star at elongation is :
siu. A=sec. (p COS. <5.
A = azimuth of star.
<p= latitude of place.
5;= declination of star.
Supposing the azimuth and the latitude to vary and the declination of the star to
remain constant, then differentiating the equation with respect A aud <^ it becomes:
, . COS. 8 tan. <p ,
For a change of latitude oil" ot d q>=:\" the corresponding change of azimuth of
the star or d A is 0^.033. There is, therefore, very little change of azimuth for a varia-
tion of latitude at a place. The change in the azimuth occurs, however, for a change
of latitude at places 90^ in longitude east and west of the place. Supposing the
latitude to remain constant and the declination of the star to vary, then differenti-
ating the equation with respect to A and d there results :
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3397
, , — sec. (ps'in. (5 , ^
C08 A
For Polaris, S=S8<=^ 44' 55" and a variation of 1" in d or d S = 1", this gives d A =
1.45".
The standard stars used in observing azimuth, their azimuths at western elonga-
tion for Saalt 8te. Marie, their declinations and right ascensions are given in the
following table :
Azimuth of stars at Sault Ste. MaHcy Alich,
Star.
Polaria
51 H. C«phei
etTrs.Mln..
fiUni.Min..
A Urs. Min..
Decimation, iRi^ht ancen- ^jdere^^^j^^, ^^2^\!j,V*
1894. .ion. 1894. Z^^^^Z I elongation.
88 44 34
87 12 48
88 17 36
86 36 44
88 58 32
h.
m^
«.
1
20
00
6
60
45
12
14
21
18
06
30
19
29
13
h, m. r.
7 14 4*8
12 38 59
18 07 09
23 52 11
1 24 54
o //
178 10 24
175 57 00
177 31 13
175 04 30
178 30 42
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
First Lieut. Charles S. Riche,
Corps of Engineers J U, S. A.
Thomas Russell.
b. — report of mr. fred morle\, assistant engineer.
.United States Engineer Office,
Sault Ste. Marie, 2/tcA., December IS, 1893,
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the primary triangula-
tion planned in connection with the resurvey of the St. Marx s River, and which
extends from the old Mackinac base line on the south side of the Straits of Mack-
inac northward to a connection with the triangulation. system of the lake survey in
the eastern end of Lake Superior.
A system of triangulation for expanding from a possible 4-iirile base line on Batch-
ewana Island to the prim-jbry triangles, and forming at the same time a part of the
secondnry system, planned in Whitetish, Batchewana, and Goulais bays is also
included.
This work, assigned to me by your letter of instructions dated April 19, 1893, was
accomplished between April 17, when I reported for duty to General Poe in Detroit,
and November 15, when my leave of absence from the University of Michigan
expired.
Detail reports on all stations located and on the work in general having been fur-
nished from time to time as the work progressed, ns well as an annual report at the
close of June, it seems unnecessary at this time to present more than a summary on
the work as a whole.
In the early part of the secnson progress was delayed by the lateness of the spring
and consequent unfavorable weather, as well as by th<) lack of suitable help and
want of necessary instruments, and it was not until about the middle of June that
these drawbacks were mainly removed. Tlie use of only a small sailboat on the
secondary work in Whitefish "and adjacent bays was also a source of considerable
delay. From about the middle of October to the middle of November the atmos-
phere continued so unfavorable for seeing as to greatly delay the work during that
time.
South of Sault Ste. Marie much of the country back from the shore is quite acces-
sible by roads, and so well settled up and provided with means of travel that little
difficulty was experienced in securing accommodations and in getting from place to
place. One and sometimes two men, in addition to myself, made up the party on
this portion of the work.
North of Sault Ste. Marie the unsettled condition of the country made it neces-
sary to procure a tent and other camp outfit and carry with us provisions for
our subsistence. Journeys were made through the forests on foot. On two occa-
sions Indian gxiides were employed. Two and, for a part of the time, three men
were required in the reconnoissance of this section of country.
A field glass, a prismatic compass, a pocket sextant, creepers for climbing trees,
and sectional maps of the country and charts of the lakes were provided for my use.
A good aneroid barometer would frequently have been of service.
Mirrors were sometimes used in determining the intervisibility of stations by
reflecting sunlight between them. The required heights of stations were most fre-
quently determined by observations from tree tops.
3398 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
%
THE SOUTHBRN COXN'ECTIOX.
ThU is made on the old Mackinaw base-line situated on the south side of the
Straits of Mackinac and extending from McGnlpins Point southeast abont 4 miles.
The buried stones marking the ends of this base have been found. These stones do
not appear to have suffered the least change in position since they were set about
forty years ago. The geodetic points on their upper 6nrf;ices, marking the exact
.ends of the base, also appear in perfect condition, rso surface marks at the ends of
the base remain to indicate their location. The northwest end stone of the base is
abont IBf feet out in front of the front door of the McGulpin Point light-honse.
The southeast end stone is in the highway leading from Mackinac City to Cheboy-
gan^ and abont 2^ miles from the former placo, as indicated by the mile post on tho
Michigan Central Railroad, which runs parallel to the base along its southeast por-
tion.
A remeasurement of this base-line is recommended. The southeast end of it is now
occupied by a public highway, a portion of which is but little traveled. This half
presents no obstruction to measurement, and little, if any, to the interrisibility of
base ends. The northwest quarter of the base is occupied by a private road leading
to McGulpin Point light-house, is little traveled, offers no obstructions to measure-
ment, and can be cleared of obstructions to sight at small expense. The remaining
mile having been allowed to grow up again since it was firat cut out presents obstruc-
tions to measurement as well as to sight. This portion can, however, be reopened
at probably less than half the expense required in the lirst catting.
The system of quadrilaterals adopted in passing northward from the Mackinac
base, it will be seen, closely a^ees for a ways with the S3'stem formerly used in the
survey of tfie Straits of Mackinac. The geodetic points of the former stations on
Point St. Ignace, Rabbits Back Peak, and Mackinac Island, have been recovered,
but with the possibility of the last named having been slightly disturbed. These
points are to be reocenpied. Lack of time and unfavorable weather prevented my
visiting Boiling Spring Point, Point St. Martin, and Point Fuyard to look for former
stations on these points. There is little doubt but that the stations on the first two
named points can be recovered, and possibly on all three points. These stations, if
found, are to be reocenpied and, if not found, new stations in their immediate
vicinity are to be usecL A line from Mackinac Island to a station near the north*
east end of Bois Blanc Island being determined through the above series of stations^
the triangulation will be carried northward from this line to two inland stations,
and so on.
The average height of timber being about 80 feet, and the country comparatively
even, high stations are required at the two inland points and near the northeast end
of Bois Blanc Island to get above the timber and avoid cutting.
THE NORTHERN CONNECTION.
Of the old lake snrvey stations in the eastern end of Lake Superior, Mamainse,
situated abont 9 miles north of Batchewana Bay, was the last or most southerly
station. Gargantua, located on the east coast of the lake, about 42 miles iu>rth-
westerly of Mamainse. together with station Michipicoten, on the northwest side of
Michipicoten Island, lormed with Mamainse the vertices of the last triangle in the
lateral chain of triangles in this end of the lake.
At Mamainse "the geodetic point was marked by a nail driven into a stake about 2^
inches in diameter set about one foot below the ground surface.'' Thisstake wasfound,
and, though its top portion was rotted away so that the nail itself was not recov-
ered in place, the main portion of the stake was so well preserved that I feel confi-
dent that the place of the original geodetic point was recovered within less than half
an inch. The astronomical stone pdst in the vicinity is still in place.
At Gargantua "the brass point about one- fourth of an inch in diameter set in the
rock to mark the geodetic point '' was found in place and in perfect condition. The
"astronomical stone post'' near by is also undisturbed. This station is on a
hill only 431 feet above the lake, and unfortunately so situated that nothing can be
seen from it to the eastward of the line from it to Mamainse owing to the higher
hills but a short distance away on the easterly side of Gargantua Harbor. The line
Mamainse-Gar^antua could not, therefore, be used as at first anticipated as the direct
line of connection.
The new station Pantagruel was therefore located on the higher hUls about a mils
from the northeast shore of Gargantua Harbor, about 2 mUes eastward of station
Gargantua, and l^e recovery of Michipicoten station sought for.
At Michipicoten the geodetic point is recorded as being ''marked by a cross, eat
in the solid surface rock.'' The tripod is still standing, thongh apparently tilted
over southerly about 6 inches. I was unable to discover what appeared tome unmis-
takable maiu, as described above, of the geodetic point.
APPENDIX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3399
"The astronomioal stooe poet, nsed in 1809, bearing sonth 44^ 04' west and 120.25
feet distant from the geodetic poinf was found nndistnrbed and its center marked
by the intersection of three lines. These lines, though not cat yery deep, were
plain, especially if the rock stone post was wet.
I recommend that the " astronomical stone post'' be reoccapied and observation
made for true meridian whence knowing the azimnth and distance from the ''stone
poet" to the jzeodetic point the latter can be relocated. A careful examination of
the surface of the rock, at the point so located, with a magnifying glass, after hav-
ing thoroughly washed the rock with water, may lead to the discovery of the origi-
nal marks. If the original marks and consequently the geodetic point are found,
the line Michipicoten-Mamalnse is the line of connection to use. If no marks are
found, the relocation of the geodetic point by its recorded azimnth and distance
from the astronomical stone post is to be made, in which case Gargantua could be
reoccnpied, the angles of the triangle Michipicoten-Mamainse-Gargantua remeasured
at small expense, and the line Gargantna-Mamainse ctill used as the line of connec-
tion. It would be well to procure a copy of the original field notes pertaining to
the measurement of the distance and the determination of the azimuth between the
geodetic point and astronomical post.
The system of triangulation adopted in passing northward from the Mackinac
base-line to a connection with the lake survey triangulation in the eadtem end of
Lake Superior is as follows :
Quadrilateral.
Vertices.
I
A (west base), B (eaat bafte), C (Mackinac Island), D (St. limaoe).
II
C (Mackinac laland), D (St. Ignace), £ (Rabbits Back), I (Point St Martin).
C (l^a^-kinac Island), £ (Rabbits Baqk), H (Boiling Spring Point), I (Point
St. Martin).
TTT
The triangle C (Mackinac Island), D (St. Igna'^e), E (Rabbits Back) alone could
be used, as indeed was done in the former survey, in place of quadrilateral II. Side
C (Mackinac Island), I (Point St. Martin) could be computed from triangles in quad-
rilateral II and quadrilateral III omitted, or omitting quadrilateral Illand substi-
tuting for I (Point St. Martin) the common vertex of quadrilateral II, III, and IV,
— a station on the southeast side of Little St. Martin Island, the line from this new
station to C (Mackinac Island) wonld be computed through better formed triangles
innew qaadrilateralll, but less favorable triangles would result in new qua3.ri-
lateral IV. An auxiliary 4-foot station mijzht bo placed on the southwest side of
Little St. Martin Island to form a quadrSateral with D (St. Ignace), £ (Rabbits
Back), and C (Mackinac Island), from which a double computation of the line E
(Rabbits Back) — C (Mackinac Island), through good triangles, would result, in which
case quadrilateral III would be retained. None of these possible alterations com-
mend themselves to me as possessing sufficient advantages either in point of economy
-or greater accuracy to warrant a change from the system given.
Quadrilateral.
Vertices.
IV
I (Point St. Martin), L (Point Fayard), Bois Blanc Island, C (Mackinao
Island).
C (Mackinac Island), Bois Blanc Island, Lime Kiln, Daggett.
Daggett, Lime Kilo. Salter Hill, Duke.
V.
VI..'.
The above six quadrilaterals may be regarded as serving the purpose of connecting
the Mackinac base-line with the primary triangulation immediately involved in the
resurvey of the St. Marys Kiver, as well as completing, as they do, the triangulation
system around Lake Superior.
QnadrUateral.
Vertices.
vn
Dake. Salter Hill, Pbillips. Larke.
VIII
Salter Hill, Phillips, Kings Mountain, Iroqnois.
Iroquois, Kings Mountain, Mamainse, Whitefish.
IX
In planning the triangulation from the line Mamainse-Kmgs Mountain to the
northern connection a simple triangular system only has been contemplated. How-
ever, by reading the line Black Beaver Hill-Michipicoten the angles of the quad-
3400 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
rilateral Michipicoten, Mamainse, Black Beaver Hill, Pantagreal will be completely
read, and by reading the line East Sturgeon Mountain-Iroquois the angles of the
quaorilateral Mamainse, Iroquois, Kings Mountain-East Sturgeon Monntain will be
completely read. Possibly Whitefish can be seen from East Sturgeon Moon tain.
The triangle Mamalnse, Black Beaver Hill-East Sturgeon remains. It is probable
that the line East Sturgeon Moun tain-Pan tagruel can be read, though this was not
determined, in which case the whole system would be made (Quadrilateral. These
additional lines to be read are long and the resulting quadrilaterals not of good
form. It is doubtful if any material advantage would be gained in trying to make
the system quadrilateral.
Triangles.
X
XI....
XII...
xni.
(XIV)
Vertlcca.
Mamainse, Kinn Mountain, East Stnrseon Mountain.
Mamainse, East Sturgeon Mountain, Black Beaver Hill.
Mamainse, Black Beaver Hill, Pantagruel.
Mamainse, Pantagruel, Michipiooten.
(Provisionally Mamainse, Micuipicoten, Gargantua.)
The following quadrilateral and triaugles form a branch system from the main
chain to cover the lower portion of the St. Marys River:
Form.
Vertices.
Quadrilateral Salter Hill, Raber, Lime Kiln, Duke.
Triangle Salter Hill, Raber, Gaffney .
1)0 1 Salter Hill, Ga£Ptaey, Drummond.
Do : Salter Hill, Drummond, rhilli])8.
From the line Gaifney-Raber a reduction to the secondary system of triangles yet
to be planned in the lower portion of the river and among the islands in Potogan-
nissing Bay can be easily effected.
Secondary ai/stem in Whitefish and adjacent bays.
Form.
Quadrilateral
Do
Do
Do
Vertices.
Whitoflsb, Parisian Island, Kings Mountain, Mamainse.
Whitefish, Parisian Island, Ma^e Island (12), South North Sandy (14).
South North Sandy (14), Maple island (12), Rudder Head (9), Crawford <1).
South North Sandy (14), Ruader Head (9), West Batchewana (11). Crawford
(1).
Triangle Crawford (1), West Batchewana (11), Sand Point (3).
Hexagon West Batchewana (11), Sand Point (3). Harmonie River (4), Perry (5), Island
(6), South Shore (8), East liatchewana (center of hexagon) (10).'
Triangle : West Batchewana (11), Rudder Head (9), South Shon> (8).
By using the triangle South North Sandy (14), Maple Island (12), Crawford (1)
for the third quadrilateral above, the cutting on the line Maple Island (12)-Rudder
Head (9), which is considerable, is avoided. An 8-foot station would then be suffi-
cient for Rudder Head (9).
Form.
Vertices.
Triangle
l)o
Do
North North Sandv (16), Rudder Head (9), Crawford (1).
North North Sandy (15), Rudder Head (9), South Pancake (17).
North North Sandy (15), South Pancake (17), North Pancake (18).
Detached triangles.
Form.
Vertices.
Triansle
Rudder Head (9), Crawford (1). Small Island (16).
Do
Crawford (1), Sand Point (3), Carp Rfver (2).
East Batchewana (10), Rook Hill (7), Island (6).
Maple Island (12), South Sandy (13), Rudder Head (9).
Parisian Island, South North Sandy (14), Kara (19).
Do
Do
Do
APPENDIX D D D — NOBTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3401
By Bubstituting triangle Rock Hill (7), Island (6), Perry (5), for the third triangle
in the above list^ the cutting on the line East Batchewana (10)- Rock Hill (7) is
avoided.
In case the line Maple Island (12), Rudder Head (9) is omitted, as previously
suggested to avoid cutting, the fourth triangle above would be replaced by the
triangle South Sandy (13), Rudder Head (9), Crawford (1).
i
Form.
Vertices.
Onadrilatetal
WhitofiBb, West Shore (33). Iroquois, Parisian Island.
West Shore (38), Iroqaois, North Gros Cap (26), Parisian Island.
ynaaniaTerai... ..
Do
Parisian Island, Korth Gros Cap ,'26). Maple Point (25). Gonlais Point (20).
Xrianele
Goalais Point (20), Maple Point (25), Buchanan (21).
Bnchanan (21), Maple Point (25), Goulais River (24).
Maple Point (25), Goulais River (24), Mission (22).
Mission (22), Goulais River (24), North Bay (23).
I>o
Do
Do
Stations Maple Point (25) and Goulais River (24) are old stations recovered.
Form,
Qiuidrilat«Tal
Triangle
QTiadnlateral
Do
Triangle
Vertices.
West Shore (33), Iroquois, South Gros Cap (27), Parisian Island.
Whiteflsh, West Shore (33), Parsian Island.
West Shore (3d), Menekaunee (20), Salt Point (28), Parisian Island.
West Shore (33), Taqaamenon Island (32), Salt Point (28), Parisian Island.
Taquamenon Island (32), Menekaunee (29), Salt Point (28).
Taquamenon Island (32), Ransom (30), Menekaunee (29).
Do Emerson (13), Ransom (30), Menekaunee (29).
The following five points are designed to be located by intersection :
1. A point on the north end of Parisian Island (old station).
2. A point on the southwest end of Parisian Island (approx. old station).
3. A point on the east end of Iroquois Island.
4. A point on the mainland south of Iroquois Island.
5. A point near the mouth of Taquamenon River.
I wish to call attention to the fact that, owing to the commanding views to be had
from Mamainse, Kings Mountain and£ast Sturj^eon Mountain, a few of the secondary
stations can be well determined directly from them, and would suggest that advan-
tage be taken of this in each instance where it can be done without the use of a helio-
trope. Crawford (1), South North Sandy (14), and North Gros Cap (26) are examples
of points visible from two or more primary points.
.SITE FOR A BASE-LINE.
Batchewana Islatid furnishes a site for a 4-mile base-line over remarkably level
jground. This base-line would be about parallel to the east and west township line
on the island, and would be a little to the north of the latter. At the timo this site
was examined, July 23-24, it was quite dry. (See my monthly report for July.)
The triangnlation in liatchewana Bay has been planned with reference to this
baae. This system, while requiring but little cutting on the main laud, calls for a
considerable on the island, which is everywhere, though not heavily, wooded.
This base being situated near the northern end of the work, about 10 miles from
Mamainse station, would bo a base of verification for the entire work. However,
with a 4-mile base-line to begin with at the southern end of the work on the Straits
of Maekinac, and a 2-mile one midway, you may decide to omit this one.
If a base-line is not measured on the island, a change in the triangnlation system
given for fiatchewana Bay to the one outlined on map accompanying this report is
recommended, as it greatly reduces the amount of cutting required. Points on the
island and other points on the main shore can easily be located by adding tertiary
triangles. This system could also be used, even were a base measured, by connects
iDg the points marked 6 and 8 on the map with the oast and west ends of the base.
REDUCTION TO **SOO BASE."
The reduction from the main chain of quadrilaterals to the ''Soo Base'' line can
be effected in a variety of ways, as will be seen from the map* showing details of
*Not forwarded.
3402 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, If. S. ARMY.
reduction to the "Soo Ba«e" accompanying tbis report, and hence no particnlar
lino of reduction is here indicated.
In this connection it may be stated that station Korah, while serving ausefal pur-
pose in the above redaction, taken in connection with stations ** Soo" and St. Marie,
also ser\'e8 to locate the astronomical observatory of the survey at Banlt St«. Marie.
Station Azimuth is about 5 miles distant from the observatory and so nearly due
north of it as to be seen through the opening in the observatory building for the
meridian circle. Azimuth can therefore be directly determined at the observatory.
The foUowingstations were located by Mr. O. B. Wheeler, assistant engineer, the
previous year: East base, west base, '^Soo,'' St. Marie, Mirron, Larke, Rankin Moun-
tain.
BUILDING OF STATIONS.
At Michipicoten a new scaffolding was built around the old 9-foot tripod ^which
was strengthened by new braces. A road was also cut out from the mining plant on
the northwest shore to the station for the observing party in conveying the Instru-
ments to the station, distant about 2 miles from the shore.
At Gargantua a new 4-foot tripod was built and a road cut out from the shore to
the station.
At Drummond an ll-foot tripod and scaiTolding were built. The geodetic point
was also marked and three witness stones set. By preparing these stations for the
observer the expense of sending the construction party to these places, which ^would
have been comparatively large, has been avoided. Three 4-foot tripods for secondary
stations have also been built.
STATION HEIGHTS.
The mountainous character of the country north of Saolt Ste. Marie, especially on
the Canadian side, has reduced. the required elevation of stations in this section of
country to moderate heights and in some instances to a minimum. But south of
Sault Ste. Marie, where the ground is comparatively level and mostly covered with
tall timber, the necessary height-s of stations to avoid cutting have, in a number of
instances, been considerable, as will be seen from the following list :
Name of station.
Namo of citation.
A (veAt base)
B (east base)
C (Mackinac Island)
D (St. Iipiace) —
E (Rabbits Back)
H (Boihng SpriniJ Point)
I (Point St. Martin)
L (Point Fiu'ard)
Bois Blanc tsland
Dag£:ett
Lime Kiln
Duke
Salter Hill
Kaber
Gaflney
Dmnmiond
Phillips
Larke
Iroquois
Korali
Azimnth
Kankin Mountain
Kin^rs Mountain.
WhiteFish
Maraainse
East Sturgeon Mountain
Black Beaver Hill
Pantagruel
Michipicoten
(Gargantua)
Secondary stationt.
Crawford (1)
12 feet.
Do.
This station, re-
newed in 1886, is
in good condi-
tion.
8 feet.
4-foot trix)od.
16 fe«^t.
Do.
Do.
96 feet.
Do.
Do.
Do.
64 feet.
80 feet.
16 feet.
ll-foottrii>od.
32 feet.
64 feet.
32 feet.
4- foot tripod.
32 feet.
4-foot trix)od.
8- foot trii>od.
32 feet.
25 feet.
4- foot tripod.
8- foot tripod.
48 feet.
9-foot trix)od.
4>foot tripod.
4-foot tripod.
Height of station.
East Batchewana (10) . . . .
Went Bat«hewana (11)...
Maple Island (12) ,
South Sandy (13) ,
South North Sandy (14)
North North Siindy (15)
Small Island (16)
South Pancake (17)
North Pancake (18)
Kars(l9)
Goulais Point (20)
Buchanan (21)
Mission (22)
North Bay (23)
Goulais liiver (24)
Maple Point (25)
North Gros Cap (26)
South Gros Cap (27) ,
Salt Point (28)
Menekaunee (29)
Ransom (30)
Emerson (31) ,
Tacinamenon Island (32)
West Shore (33)
Parisian Island
Secondary ttations-^ConVd.
Carp River (2)
Sand Point (3)
Harmonic River (4) .
Perry (5)
Island (6)
Rock Hill (7)
South Shore (8)
Rudder Head (9) ..
4- foot tripod.
Do.
Do
Do.
Do.
Do.
12foot tripod.
Height best deter-
mined after Unas
are cut.
Do.
Do.
32 feet.
4-foot tripod.
12-foot tnpod.
4-foot tripod.
5-foot tripod
4-foot tripod.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
20-foot tripod.
8-foot tripod.
4-foot tripod.
Do.
Do.
Do.
32 feet.
When the word "tripod" does not follow the height given it is to be understood
to mean the height to platform of scaffolding.
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3403
SUMMARY OF WOKK DONIC.
Number
•
01<1 stations recovered 10
Primary stations located 20
Pfiiuary stations built 3
Seconflary stations located : 34
Secondary statioT^s bnilt 3
Points to'be located by intersection selected 5
Sit<^ for a 4-milc base-lino on Batchewana Island examined.
EXPENSE OF WORK DONE.
The total expense of the reconnolssance. Including the cost of stations bailt by
me, is as given below:
Salaries $2,318.40
Subsistenco 149.73
Rent of boats 163.00
Traveling: and personal expenses 377. 49
Outtit and material 61.00
3, 069. 62
Outfit returne<l ^ 33.00
Total 3,036.62
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Fred Morley,
Aaaiatant Engineer,
First Lieut. Charles S. Rich^,
Carps of Engineers, U, S, J,
c— report of mr. b. e. haskell, assistant engineer.
United States Engineer Office,
Sault Ste» Marie, Mich., June 30, 1894,
Sir : I have the honor to make the following report, in compliance with your ver-
bal instructions re(^ue6tiug me to make an investij^ation of the possibility of extend-
ing the primary triangulation of the resurvey of St. Marys River, to a direct con-
nection across the east end of Lake Superior with the line Gargantua-Mamainse of
the old lake survey work : of the possibility of locating Caribou Island from two or
more of the stations in the vicinity, and also the possibility of shortening up some
of the lines of the system of the river triangulation as planned last season with a
view to doing away with many of the long lines over which heliotropes would be
reqnired for targets.
For the purpose of making a thorough investigation of these matters I have spent
a part of the months of May and June in the field in reconnoissance work, and sub-
mit herewith, as the result of my investigation, a sketch* showing the system recom-
mended.
In regard to the possibility of a direct connection across the east end of the lake,
it depended upon finding i), hill a few miles to the westward of Whitefish Point that
would be high enough, with the extra refraction so common in this region, to per-
mit of seeing from it to A Gargantua (60 miles), on the north shore, which is 431
feet above the lake level. A hill was found in sec. 13, T. 50 N., R. 8 W., — ;just back of
Crisps Point, — that, by the barometers (mercurialand aneroid) from four independent
determinations, was found to be between 260 and 270 feet above the lake.
In the lake survey report for 1873 is given the coefficients of refraction for the
lines Vulcan-Saint Ignace, Vulcan-Tip Top, and Vulcan-Michipicoten of the old
lake superior triangulation, when they were observed, which are : 0.275, 0.315, and
0.343 respectively. A coefficient of refraction of 0.20 and the height of A Ofkr-
gantua, 431 feet, would see 32.8 miles, and a 100- foot station on the hill selected at
Crisps Point, making total height above the lake 360 feet, would see with the same
refraction 30 miles, and the sum of these two distances is 62.8 miles, showing the
line to be possible under less favorable conditions than existed when the observa-
tions above referred to were made.
Submitted with report of Lieut. Charles S. Rich<$.
3404 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
For further proof of the possibility of this line I made inquiry of several peop^®
living in the vicinity of Crisps Point if they had ever seen Caribou Island Lig»^
and found that durins the early spring it had been seen repeatedly from the bIi-^t^
at points not over 30 feet above the lake. I also made inquiry of Capt. L. D. Co»^^i
of the steamer City of Green Bay, plying between Sault Ste. Marie, Grand Mar^^i
and Caribou and Michipicoten islands, and he informed me that just a short t^'i™^
before (about May 1) he saw Caribou Island Light about 10 p. m. from tlie dec J^ ^^
his vessel while in Grand Marais Harbor. He was just leaving Grand Marai» ^^^
Caribou Island and saw the light, it remaining visible for the whole trip across, 'C:ti6
distance being 46 miles.
• In regard to determining the position of Caribou Island, the distance of Cari IXJU
Island Light from A Gargantua, is 42 miles, from A Mamainse 60 miles, and fz'oin
the proposed station at Crisps Point 50 miles. The height of the light itself 1^ "^O
feet above the lake, and with a coefficient of refraction of 0.20 would be vis i ble
13.2 miles, showing clearly from data given above that the line Caribou Island Li^b'^
Gargantua is possible.
A Mamainse is 1,250 feet above the lake, and under ordinary refraction would s«®
47 miles, which distance, added to 13.2 miles, the distance that Caribou Island Li#?^t
could be seen (with coefficient of refraction =0.20) would make 60.2 miles, leav^i^Sf
no question whatever about the intervisibility of these points.
With the height of 360 feet above the lake for the proposed station at Crisps PoiDt
and a coefficient of refraction of 0.30 this station would be visible 36.8 miles, and
with the same refraction Caribou Island Light would be visible 16.2 miles, showio^.
that the line Crisps Point-Caribou is possible. Hence the location of Caribou Isl^**.**
is reasonably certain by a single triangle, and within the possibilities by a qusulv^-
lateral, without building a station over 70 feet in height, and it maybe that the li^^^
itself will answer every purpose of a station.
In regard to shortening up some of the lines of the system of the river triangnl^
tion, I liave located four new'stations; namely, Fisher, Havilland, Pennefather, »i>d
Laird (see sketch), enabling us to abandon two that were a long distance inland on .
the Canadian side, and thereby change the system ^n such a manner as to materi»llJ
shorten several lines, bringing them down to a length over which targets can be ase^.
This change also facilitates connecting the primary system with the tertiary t^'*
angulation of the river below Sault Ste. Marie, as will be seen by glancing at tbo
sketch. Connection is made with one station on Hay Lake, two on Lake Geor^^i
one at the foot of Middle Neebish, and probably one at Ross', one on Winter Poin^
and one on Rocky Point when the river work is extended that far, thus completely
tying together the two systems from the " Soo " base to a point in the middle of M'*^
Lake.
The connection -with the proposed base on Batchewana Island is also very much bx^'
plitied, requiring but two stations to get from the main system to the base statioo^*
In regard to this proposed base it would seem advisable to make it the full len^^*^
of the island from east to west, placing the stations as close to the shore as is con-
sistent with safety, in order to nave as little cutting as possible in clearing lines oi
sight. • ,
With the exception of the station Crisp, at Crisps Point, there are none to boi*"
that are over 50 feet in height, and the majority of them much less than this, wbi*®
at a few only a tripod on which to mount the instrument — about 4 feet in heigbt"^
will be required.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. E. Haskeli^
AsBtstant Engineer.
First Lieut. Charles S. Rich£,
Corps of Engineers f V, S, A,
d. — report of mr, olkn e. balch, assistant engineer.
United States Engineer Office,
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., June 80^189'^' ^
Sir: I hare the honor to submit the following report concerning the buildiaft^ ^j.
stations, clearing lines of sight, etc. for triangulation, resurvey of St. Marys R*^,jii
during the year 1893, which work was assigned to me in your letter of in8tmc<>*^-^
dated April 26, 1893. ^t
In accordance with your letter of March 26, 1893, informing me of my appoint**'*^^^.
by Col. O. M. Poe, and requesting me to report for duty as soon after April 1 as t^f^g
sible, I reported to you at Sault Ste . Marie on April 26, and began work at once, be*
busy during the rest of the month making preparations for the work. ^
I made a requisition for and obtained an outfit suitable for building station^
A.PPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3405
•"t in height or less, as it was thought at that time that none would be needed higher
411 that. A party, consisting of 1 teamster and team, 2 carpenters, 4 lahorers, and
ook, was organized.
3nriug the first half of May the carpenters were employed in making camp chests,
>le8, etc. With the rest of the men lines of sight were cleared between stations
». Marie and Rankin Mountain; station Mirron and stations Rankin Mountain,
». Marie, East Base, and Larke. Station Mirron was also repaired and reference
*iie8 set.
Dn the 14tli of May the part}^ went into camp at Iroquois, where an obserWng sta-
ll with 40-foot tripod set 4 feet in the ground was erected on a wooded hill about
aile from the point where the old lake survey station w^ns located.
Although this station was considerably higher than the instructions (given me by
. Morley, who was doing the planning) called for, yet it was found necessary to
ar away all the timber on the summit of the hill north, east, and south of the
.tion.
I station was begun at Larke, but owing to delays for timber and on account of
ny weather it was not completed until well into June.
'"indiug that it was going to bo necessary for me to be away from the party at
les in order to make preparations for the next station, I asked for and obtained
rmission to engage a man who could take charge of the work during my absence.
. K. L. Ames was selcqted to fill this place, with a title of recorder. He reported
duty on June 7, and began work immediately.
stations were also built at East Base, Azimuth, Korah, and South Gros Cap dur-
^ June. The station Korah was formerly called '' Bare Rock."
Lt station Azimuth we were delayed a few days by the Canadians, who owned
ne adjacent land, not allowing us to cut timber either for a station or in clearing
cs of sight.
during July stations were erected at Duke, West Base, Rankin Mountain; and at
igs Mountain an 8-foo^ tripod was put up, so that, if it was decided that it was
ided, a target could be placed thereon.
it station Duke my instructions called for a station with platform 80 feet above
mnd. and, in accordance with them, I ordered timber for a station of that height,
on making an examination from a tree top at the place selected for the station I
md that it would require a station with platform 100 feet high, or else it would
necessary to cut 7 or 8 lines of sight varying in length from 1 to 5 miles. Accord-
;ly I ordered additional timber and erected a statiou of that height, which action
I approved upon my reporting it on my return to the city.
n building these large stations we worked at a great disadvantage on account of
b having an outfit strong enough for such work. Broken tackle at statiou Duke
ised us two days^ delay.
it West Base a 20- foot station was erected to enable the observer to see East Base
3r the top of the street csirs, as the line between these stations follows the street-
' track ior the greater part of the distance. After being occupied, this station
8 removed to Salt Point, in Whitetish Bay.
>nring August stations wero built at Phillips and Salters Hill, considerable cut-
g being done at both, as at neither did the height called for in my instructions
se the observer above the surrounding trees, liie roads to both of these stations
re very rough and hilly, the one to Phillips especially so.
Che stations above Sault Ste. Marie being badly needed at this time, I returned
sre with my party and made preparations for building the stations around White-
1 Bay. As these^ stations were for the most part small, and were scattered all
ing the shore and islands of Whitefish Bay, it was deemed advisable to engage a
r that could accommodate the entire party, and also carry prepared timber for most
the stations.
Timber was purchased here in the city and the party put to work framing stations
1 getting them ready to carry ashore and put up, so as not to keep a tug employed
Y longer than necessary. During this time I visited all the available tugs iu the
inity and obtained a number of offers, of which that of the tug MystiCf B. B. Moiles,
ster, was the most reasonable of all the tugs suitable for the work. She was
raged, with her crew, at $23 per day, the Government furnishing her coal.
}n September 6 the tug began work and taking on board supplies and timber for
stations we went to Whitefish Point, where we put up a station, with tripod 40
t high and set 6 feet in the ground, and also replaced the old astronomical post
ir the shore, which was badly decayed.
The fact that the station at Whitefish Point, including cost of timber and tug,
lile it was en route for the point and while building the station, was the cheapest
B built outside of Sault Ste. Marie, is a good argument in favor of framing the sta-
ns in the city and carrying them to their site when it is in an accessible locality,
e cost of finding and cutting timber and removing the bark has in almost every
IU exceeded the cost of sawed timber necessary for a station.
3406 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. §. ARMY.
The stormy weatlier that continned most of the month of September delayed hb
considerably, especially in landing on the rocky shores. The plan of work that we
followed was to land a party of 7 or 8 with camp oatiit at a point where one of the
larger stations was to bo built; and, with the rest of the party and tug, put np the
smaller stations till the larger station was completed, tJien return and move the
party and camp to the next point.
Tlie^ work was carried on in this manner till 14 stations had been finished and
another one begun, when the work was interrupted by the burning of the 3lystic on
September 27, with all the property, both Government and private, that was on
board at the time. Eight of the party were in camp on Maple Island at the time of
the fire with a large part of the outfit. The rest of the party were on shore with
me, about 2 miles from the tng.
The loss of the tug caused us to return to Sault Ste. Marie, and the Government
tng Myra was sent to Maple Island to bring back the rest of the party as soon as
they had finished that station.
During the time that we had the MystiOf Capt. Moiles assisted us in every way in
his power, sending as many of the tug^s crew a« he could spare to assist ns in land-
ing; and also at times to assist in clearing lines.
On October 3 Mr. R. L. Ames, my recorder, left to resume his college work at Ann
Arbor, having given the best of satisfaction m all his work.
On October 2 I started with the party to build a station on the site of the old
Lake Survey station Mamainse. We took passage on the steamer Telegram, which
landed ns on the north shore of Batchewana Bay, about 9 miles from the station and
near the old mining dock. As no horses could be obtained in that locality, we
pitched our camp on the shore and had all onr provisions carried out to ns while we
were building the station and cutting a trail back to the shore. Two Indians,
Tommy Robinson and Jim Narsaub, were engaged as guides and to carry provisions
for us.
We were delayed a few days after the work was finished through not being able
to get transportation to Sault Ste. Marie as soon as we wished.
It was decided upon our return that no more stations would be bnilt during the
season as the appropriation was running low, so our outfit was cleaned, repaired, and
stored away in the Government warehouse, and party disbanded.
In company with Mr. Thomas Russell I made a week's trip among some hills abont
30 miles south of Sault Ste. Marie to determine their height by barometrical readings
for Mr. Morley^s use in planning triangulation.
J closed the field for the season with, the building of an 18-foot station at South
Gros Cap in place of the 4- foot one already there, so as. to be able to read the line
South Gros Cap-Larke in both directions.
From the close of the field work to the close of the fiscal 3rear 1894 I have been
engaged in general office work, varied by occasional short trips to points connected
w^ith the triangulation, except for the months of March and April, during which I
was on duty connected with the improvement of the 20 and 21 root channel, such as
sounding through the ico, plotting notes, computing, etc.
The cost of building stations, clearing lines, etc., during the year has been as fol-
lows:
Salaries.... $3,427.71
Outfit and tools 279.13
Subsistence ,. ^ 907.91
Building materials 656.03
Transportation and contingences ^^. _. 753.46
Total 6,024.2S
The Government tug Myra has been utilized a number of times in transporting
the party and supplies to stations along the river, thereby saving ns fh>m consider-
able expense and delay.
The following table shows the approximate cost of the stations, cost per vertical
foot of height, and also of clearing lines and roads. In the column for height the
entire vertical height of the tripod is given. In determining the cost of the stations,
the cost of the outfit, hardware, etc., was divided among the stations in pn>portioo
to their height.
)
APPENMX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3407
Stations.
^itNiuoig
Larki-i >
^fUi^ JJjMie.... -
''^zimiith
Kor» 1]
Sou^h Groa Cap
Do
Dolce
J^eat. Baae
KJDfiCs Monntam
Hanlclii Mountaiii
fbillipa
Sal#«-.r«iHill
15 aii^tioiia in VVbitefish Bay
iTatta^inge
Sspmra to ttatitniM ImiU in 189i,
Cufc
^rtffflftM oa hand.
Total.
Feet.
40
70
33
40
4
4
18
1U8
20
10
4
40
74
204
30
24
57
6
Cost of
station.
$172. 12
533. 96
118.96
229.25
20.94
14.94
35.42
908.71
70.17
36.18
21.26
226.89
418.44
L, 387. 26
106.80
28.18
17.03
12.77
Cost per
foot.
$4.30
7.63
3.60
5.73
5.23
3.73
1.97
8.41
3.50
3.62
5.31
5.67
5.65
6.80
6. 56
Catting,
etc.
$64.04
6.37
52.72
169.23
10.42
26.23
10.50
12.67
15.00
176. 02
142. 20
170.63
307.09
208.73
10.50
146.55
Total.
$236.16
540.33
171.68
398.48
31.36
41.17
45.92
921.38
70.17
51.18
197.28
369.09
580.07
1, 694. 36
405.63
38.68
163.58
12.77
46.06
6,024.23
DESCRIPTIOIT OF STATIONS.
1
of ;
33
.^i«.— Is in the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of Sec. 33, T. 44 N., R.
'y Chippewa County, Mich. Height of station 108 feet (sill to top of tripod),
geodetic point consists of a |-inch hole between the letters U. S. cut in top
stone 6 by 6 by 24 inches, set aboi^t 4 feet below surface, with a 6-inch post with
^U center set over it for a surface mark. Two reference stones were set on aline
U^^—*et north of the section line between sections 33 and 28. These were common
g*^** ^ stones with crosses cut in top and letters U. S. on side facing station. Size of
25^^*® about 10 by 14 by 30 inches. The cross on the west stone bears N. 46° 30^ W.
fg^^ ^7 feet from the geodetic point. The cross on the east stone bears N. 55^^ E. 236.75
3^^^^ ^i from the geodetic point. Distance between reference stone, 344 feet. Center of
r^ ^nch pine stump S. 48° W. 59.5 feet. Fifteen-inch pine near the^ad N. 21^ E. 173
^^^ *»*flnfcifi Mountain, — Is on a projecting point of a range of mountains about 7 miles
]2?^*'thea8t of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and is north of the wagon road to Garden
4. ^ "^"er, and east of an old mining road up to the mountain. The geodetic point is a
.^ "^ch nail cemented into the rocK, with a triangle cut into the rock around it, also
j^ ^ letters U. S. Reference points are two crosses cut into the rock; (1) bearing
9Ci ^^^^ 15' W. 57!75 feet, (2) bearing 8. 25^ 30' W. 60.9 feet. These two crosses are
^^5 feet apart. A 16-inch pine tree E>ears N. 83° W. 445 feet from the geodetic point.
^^^-^tny* Mountain. — Is on the highest point of what is called Kings or Slate Moun-
.^ J^^> in the northern part of section 5, Vankoughnet township, Ontario. Only a tripod
placed there, as it was not certain that it would be needed. The hill is the most
'ininent one in sight northeast of Goulais Bay and north of Goulais River.
R-T^ ^MHps, — Is situated on the highest peak of a mountain about 9 miles east of Echo
j^^3^ station and about 10 miles*north of Stobie station, both on the Canadian Pacific
li^^^^tlroad, and about 1 mile north of a small lake on land owned by Mr. Husfh Phil-
•^.j^^^^. The station is supposed to be in lot 4 of the third concession of Coffin Addi-
h^^^, Ontario. Top of tripod is 36 feet above ground. Geodetic point is a |-inch
f^^^e between the letters U. S. in the top of a cut stone 6 by 6 by 24 inches and 3^
jj^^t below surface. A wooden post with nail in center set above stone for surface
t^^^^rk. Reference stones are four field bowlders with crosses and letters U. S. on
^^^^m. They are s©t in a square with sides 35.35 feet. The geodetic point is in the
^ct center of the square and 25 feet from the cross on each stone. Crosses are
w^^ l)roximately north, south, east, and west of the geodetic point. A 24-inch maple
^^rs S. 85^ 44' E., and is 64 feet distant.
^ ^alterB Hill. — Is on the northwest edge of a hill on St. Joseph Island, known as
g^-^^ters HiU, about half a mile south of the Hilton road and 3i miles from the west
-^^re of the island. Top of tripod about 70 feet above the ground. The geodetic
^^int is a |-inch hole between letters U. S. in top of cut stone 6 by 6 by 24 inohee,
^l^t: about 3 feet below surface, with a wooden post with nail center set above it for
^ Surface mark. Reference stones consist of four field stones left in their natural
3408 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AJSOIY.
beds, but with cross and letters U. S. cat on each. Bearings and distances to them
are as follows: (1) N. 3^ E. 60.72 feet; (2) S. 75^ 30' E. 32.4 feet; (3) S. 7° E. 60.9
feet; (4) S. 84^ W. 44.7 feet. Distance between crosses on reference stones (1 to 2)
74.2 feet; (2 to 3) 57.6 feet; (3 to 4) 76.3 feet: (4 to 1) 80.5 feet.
TThiiefiah. — This station is located on a small sand hill abt>at 560 feet southwest of
the center post of the Whitetish Point light tower. The tripod of the station is 40
I'eet high and set 5 feet in the sand. The geodetic point is a |-inch hole between the
letters IT. S. and the top of a stone 6 by 6 by 24 inches, set 6 feet below surface with
an oil barrel around it. Post with nail in center set over it for a surface mark.
Eefercncc stones are two cut stones 2 feet long with tops dressed to 4 inches and
letters U. S. cut on the side facing station. These are set in the ground at the foot
of the sand hill and with the bearings and distances as follows: (1) N. 12^ £. 120
feet; (2; S. 75^ W. 120 feet. Center post of steel light tower N. 56^ E. 660.8 feet.
Astronomical post S. 34^ E. 825.5 feet. Center of astronomical post to center post
of steel light tower 1,007.36 feet.
/'amia».— Is on the highest point of the ridge that runs along the west side of
Parisian Island. Top of tripod is 36 feet above ground. The geodetic point is a
I- inch hole between the letters U. S. and the top of a cut stone 6 by 6 by 24 inches
and set 2 feet below the surface. Two reference stones (common field stones), with
cross and letters U. S. cut on them, ar% set as follows: (1) Stone bears N. 18^ SC £.
24 feet; (2) N. 72° \V. 50 feet from the geodetic point.
yorih Gro8 Cap. — Is on the rock point that projects into Whitefish Bay and forms
the southern limitof Gonlais Bay. A 4-foot stai ion was put up here, setting on th^ solid
rock. Geodetic point is a i-inch hole drilled in thA rock with a triangle (6-inch
sides) cut around it. Reference marks are two crosses cut in the rock with letters
U. S. ne<ar them. (1) Cut in sloping face of rock, bears nearly east and^is 43.22 feet
from geodetic point; (2) bears 8. 60^ £. 70.75 feet from geodetic point, and is cut in
the vertical face of rock near a 6-inch oak tree.
Maple Island, — Is on the west shore of the island of the same name, about 40 feet
from the water's edge. The station is about 35 feet high. The geodetic point is a
well-shaped field stone about 6 by 5 by 24 inches, with a hole drilled in the top
between the letters U. 8. The stone is set with the top 6 inches below surface. But
one reference mark was made; a cross and letters U. S. were cut on a large bowlder
N. 6^ W. and 104.2 feet from the geodetic point. Corbay Point light bears N. 9° 33'
W. from the station.
Maple Point, — Is on a projecting point on the south shore of Goulais Bay. The
station consists of a 6-foot tripod set 2 feet in the ground. The geodetic point is the
original Lake Survey mark, a lead center between the letters U. S. on tne top of a
cut stone 6 by 6 inches by (length unknown), set with top about 1 foot below surface
and about 45 feet back from shore. Reference marks ai*e a cross cut on a large bowl-
der in the water about 15 feet from shore, bearing N. 47° W. 61.9 feet from the geo-
detic point, and an 8-inch birch tree bearing 8. 37^ 30' W. 36.55 feet.
Gotitaie River, — Is on the sandy shore a few hundred feet north of the middle month
of the Goulais River and about 60 feet from shore. Station is a wooden post 12
inches bv 8 feet, set with top about 42 inches above ground. This is the same point
occupied by the old Lake Survey post. A long-necked bottle is set below this post,
and is directly under the spot occupied by the center of the old post.
North Bay, — Is about 2 miles north of the Goulais River station and about 30 feet
from shore. The station consists of a 10-inch spruce tree cut olf about 4 feet above
ground and covered with a plank cap. A platform was built around the stump for
observer to stand on. The geodetic point is |-inch iron rod 6 inches long driven into
the stump. Reference points are crosses on two bowlders near waters edge. (1)
South 36.7 feet ; (2) southwest 34.8 feet.
Mhsion. — Is about 1 mile north of the Indian settlement on Goulais Bay and about
20 feet from the shore. The station is a poplar stump treated as at North Bay.
Reference points are crosses on two bowlders (rather small). (1) North 14.36 feet;
(2) southwest 39.2 feet.
Buchanan. — Is on the edge of a blulf at the shore on Buchanan Point, about one-
half mile west of the Indian settlement in Goulais Bay. The station is a 6-foot
tripod set 2 feet in the ground. The geodetic point is a |-inch hole between the let-
ters U. S. in top of a cut stone 6 by 6 by 24 inches set 18 inches under surface. Refer-
ence points are a 10- inch pine tree northeast 58.19 feet, and an 8-inch oalc tree north-
west 40.4 feet.
Goulais Point, — Is near the end of the point of land that separates Goulais Bav from
Whitefish Bay, about 30 feet from shore. The station is a 4-foot tripod set 8 inches
in the ground. The geodetic point is a |-inch hole between the letters U. S. cut in
the top of a stone 6 by 6 by 24 inches, and set 6 inches below the surface with a flat
stone above it.
Sand Point. — Is on the long sandy point that projects out from north shore of Batch-
ewana Bay toward the east eu<l of Batchewaua Island. The station is a 6-foot tripod
APPENDIX i:^ D D— NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3409
Bet about 2^ feet in the sand. The geodetic point is a cross cat on the top of a dressed
stone 4 by 4 by 24 inches, and set with top 6 inches above surface.
Crawford. — Is on the edge of a bluff near the shore, about one-fourth of a mile west
oi Crawford's landing, and about 1^ miles northeast of Corbay Point light. The sta-
tion is a 4-foot tripod. The geodetic point is a cross on a dressed stone 4 by 4 by 24
inches, set 6 inches above surface. Letters U. S. cut on side of stone.
South Parisian. — Is an 8-foot wooden post set 4^' feet in the ground as near as it was
f^ossible'% locate, where the old Lake Survey station was, on the south end of Parisian
sland. The remains of the old station were found, but I could find nothing of the
old geodetic point.
Salt Point.^Ja on the extremity of a point of land on the south shore of Whitefish
Bay, about 9 miles west of Iroquois Island and about 30 feet from shore ; 20- foot tripod
put up here : rest of station unfinished. The geodetic point is a f-inch hole between
the letters U. S. iu the top of a cut stone 6 by 6 by 2-4inches, set with top 3 inches
above surface of the ground.
Mamainae. — Is the same point that the old lake survey used, and is on the highest
peak in the vicinity, about 8 miles north of Batchewana Bay, and 8 miles east of
Af amainse Point. The station is set on solid rock and is 28 feet high. The geodetic
point is i-inch hole between the letters U. S., cut iu the flat top of a field stone,
about 2 feet long, and set down to the solid rock; with top 6 inches below surface.
Reference points are : (1) Center of top of old astronomical post southeast 68.44 feet ;
(2) cross and U. S. on rock just to left of line to astronomical post, 22.68 feet distant;
(3) cross and U. S. on rock nearly south 43.84 feet.
South Gro8 Cap. — Mentioned iu my report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893,
as "Gros Cap.'^ The station has been changed from a 4-foot one to an 18- foot one.
For descriptions of the rest of the stations built during 1893, see my annual report
for that year.
A set of silver prints, * from negatives taken during the progress of the work, is
submitted with this report.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Glen E. Balch,
Assistant Engineer.
First Lieut. Charles S. Rich^,
Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army.
e.~report of mr. e. e. haskell, assistant engineer.
United States Engineer Office,
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., June 16 , 1894.
Sir : I have the honor to make the following report upon the field work of the
angle reading and the reduction of the observations of the primary triangulation of
the resurvey of St. Marys River, Michigan.
NARRATIVE.
The field work of the angle reading began July 6 and lasted until November 29,
1893. During this time the party occupied 11 stations, made 20 measures each of 91
primary angles and 8 measures each of 67 secondary angles, in addition to setting
and frequently testing all of the targets used.
The interval from July 5 to 11 was employed in preparing and setting targets and
in collecting the necessary outfit for the party. July 12, tne instrument — Trough-
ton de.Simms theodolite No. 3 — was taken to west base and mounted and the angle
reading proper begun.
Owing to the close proximity of the first four stations of the system to Sault Ste.
Marie, the party did not go into camp until August 17, when they moved to A azi-
muth. From August 17 to November 20, or the date on which the occupancy of A
South Gros Cap was finished, the party lived in camp. On leaving South Gros Cap
for ^ Iroquois it was thought best, owing to tiio lateness of the season an^ the fact
that there was a heavy fall of snow on tne ground, to abandon camp and the party
live with the light- keeper at Point Iroquois. Accordingly, at the request of Assist-
ant Engineer David Molitor, my camp outfit and cook were turned over to him, he
being engaged in topographic work in the vicinity, walking to and fro from his own
tamp, which was some 4 miles farther to the eastward.
The party finished the angle reading at A Iroquois on November 28, and on the
next day moved everything to the office in Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., thus closing field
work for the season.
• Not forwarded.
ENa 94 214
3410 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMT.
With the exception of a short interval, when the services of a second observei's
attendant was required, owing to heliotrope work and to the necessity of packing
onr instruments for some distance, the party consisted of the observer, one recorder,
one observer's attendant, and, while living in camp, a cook — heliotropers when
reqnired.
Mr. J. A. Holwill was recorder from July 8 to September 18; Mr. Jacob Bainbridge,
observer's attendant from July 5 to September lo, and recorder from Sep^nber 19
to November 29: Mr. John M. Hogarth, second observer's attendant fromiRgnst 30
to September 18, and observer's attendant from September 19 to October 23; Mr.
Oliver McNeely, observer's attendant from November 11 to November 29, and Mr.
James Doran, cook for all of the season spent in camp. To each I desire to express
my thanks for efficient service rendered.
Beginning with the base stations of the " Soo" base the primary stations occupied
were : West base, east base, Soo, Ste. Marie, azimuth, Korah, Rankin Mountain, Mirron,
Larke, South Gros Cap, and Iroquois. For the relative position of these stations
and an idea of the primary system of the river, see sketch, p. 4350, of the Report of
theChief of Engineers, U. S. Army, for 1893.
The secondarv angles read from the primary stations were to stations of the river
trian^ulation of the improvement work, to light-houses, to church spires, and to all
prominent objects of a permanent character located in close proximity to the river.
The weather throughout the season was fairly good. From what I gather from
the reports of the U. S. Weather Observer at Sanlt St(«. Marie, Mich., the conditions
did not differ much from those of an average season, and up to the time when iinea
became so long as to require the ase of heliotropes — September 1 — very good
progress was made. From this time forward, however, the advancement was rather
slov7, a good reason for which will be found by examining the weather summary
for the months of September, October, and November, an extract from which is here
given.
Daring September there were 3 cloudless, 10 partly cloudy, and 17 cloudy days;
during October 1 cloudless. 7 partly cloudy, and 23 cloudy days; and during
November 1 cloudless, 6 partly cloudy, and 23 cloudy days; showing that during the
3 months there were 5 days when it was certain that a heliotrope could be used, 23
days when there was a possibility that it might be used, and 63 days when it was
certain that it could not be used.
METHODS.
In regard to the methods adopted in the field work it may be stated that, while
we have followed in a large measure those of previous work of this charact-er,
certain changes have been introduced with a view to lessening field work and also
reducing the labor of the final computations.
In this direction the number of measures made of each primary angle or the num-
ber of positions of the circle on which the angles were read, has been reduced from
what is common practice in this class of work, thus lessening the time required for
the occupancy of stations.
It was thought that this change could be introduced in safety, in view of the fact
that the instrument to be used (Troughton <& Simms theodolite No. 3) is one of a
high ^rade, with all of the refinements required for a first-class instrument, and it
is believed that the results which will be exhibited later will prove that this change
was warranted.
In mounting the instrument at stations and in setting of targets and heliotropes
no ecceutnc positions, with one exception, have been allowed, thus avoiding the
necessity of "reductions to center" and leaving the work so that at the end of every
day's observations, the observer could tell exactly the value of his results. The
exception noted wavS a target on the observatory which had to be eccentrically
mounted to be seen from "Soo," for one over the center fell behind a chimney of a
power house from which quantities of smoke were continually being emitted.
The usual precautions of having the instrument firmly mounted on a good sup-
port, of protecting it from the direct rays of the sun and from the wind, of seeing
that all of its parts worked freely and that it was kept in good adjustment, were
carefnlly attended to.
Meaauring primary anglea. — The programme followed throughout the work was to
read each angle independently. The instrument having been carefully adjusted
and leveled, the telescope was set on the left-hand target of any angle and the
micrometers read. It was then set on the right-hand target and the micrometers
again read, the difference between these readings being called a positive single
result. The whole operation was then repeated in reverse order, beginning with
the second target, giving a negative single resrilt. The mean of these two results
was called a coiubiniid result and is free from •* station twist."
The instrument was then double reversed; that is, had its telescope turned IH(P
n altitude and 180^ in azimuth, and a second combined result obtained. The mean
APPENDIX D DD NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES 3411
of the two combined results was then taken for a single result, which was free from
instrumental errors arising from imperfect adjustment for collimation, from ine-
quality in the heights of the wyes and from inequality of the diameters of the pivots.
The position of the circle on which these readings had been ma<le, or the reRiiltiug
angle, was designated as Position I. The circle was next shifted by means of the trivet
36(P
through an angle equal to ^ , where m is the number of equidistant microscopes
and fi the number of single results sought. In the present work m = 3 and n=5,
making the shift for the circle equal 12^. A reading of the angle as outlined above,
on this part of the circle, was designated Position 1% and gave a second single result.
The mean of the five single results obtained from the five positions of the circle, in
addition to the errors eliminated noticed above, was free from periodic errors of grad-
uation, or, more properly speaking, those periodic errors that can be eliminated by
the method of observing.
It will thus be seen that each angle was measured twenty times, giving ten pairs
of combined results or five single results.
At each station, all the angles around Mie horizon, between stations, taken two and
two completely closing the horizon, were read. When time and weather permitted,
the sum angles of triangles forming quadrilaterals v^ere also read, but were not con-
sidered as being absolutely necessary, but where read have been used in the adjust-
ment.
The limits set upon the observations were that the sum of the angles closing the
horizon shoTdd equal 36(P within a ^t ^"» ^^^^ that the sum of the three measured
angles of a triangle should equal 180^ within a :^ 3".
Measuring secandary angles. — In reading angles to locate secondary points, the
method followed has been to connect them with one or more of the primary sta-
tions by starting in with the first object on the left and reading around to each sec-
ondary and the selected primary objects in the order of their azimuth, finally closing
on the point of beginning. Then double reverse the instrument and read to all
objects in reverse order. The mean of the forward and backward measures of any
one angle of the first position of the circle was called a single result of Position I,
and was free from " station twist," and from errors of the instrument arising
f^om imperfect adjustment for collimation, from inequality in the heights of the
wyes, and from inequality in the diameters of the pivots.
The circle was next shifted by means of the trivet through 15^, », being marie
equal to four in the formula laid down under the primary work, and the readings
again made in the same order, giving Position 11.
The mean of the four single results obtained from the four positions of the circle,
in addition to what has already been mentioned as eliminated, was free from periodic
errors of graduation, or more pro^ierly those that can be eliminated by the method
of obsorviug.
So far as was possible each secondary point was read to from at least three primary
stations, thereby securing a check on the location of each.
Measuring scnifh distances. — At each station the zenith distance to all other stations
of the primary system visible was read, four sets being taken to each station. With
one exception no more than two sets were ever read to the same point on any one
^y. The time for them was limited to the interval between 8 a. m. and 4 p. m.
J^orm of target used. — The ibrm of tar«j:ot used was one that originated on the work
of the Mississippi River Commission in 1881 with the party of Assi-stant Engineer
•Join Eisemann, of which the writer was a member while doing thetriangulation of
•J© river between Keokuk, Iowa, and Grafton, 111. It is a phaseless one, and for
*hie Work has been made in sizes of 6, 8, 12, and 24 inches in diameter by 6 feet in
JP^h. To describe it briefly : A 6-inch target is made by taking one circulai «lisk
th ^' ^^ *"^ three circular disks of No. 24 sheet iron that are 7 inches in diameter;
^""♦^iigh the center of the disk of No. 10 punch a Vinch hole, for centering targ«'t;
«j *^*i| this hole as a center strike a circle with 3-inch radius, and then at the 90^
^^'**t"« of this circle punch ^-inch holes; using this disk as a pattern, punch holes
^ ^ii© other disks to correspond, omitting the center hole, which is not needed.
»^^-^^ the No. 10 disk for the bottom plate of the target, and in the holes at the 90-
tgj^*:*'t:e solder the ends of the rods of i -inch round iron that are 6 feet in length,
ij^^*^g care to get them at right angles to the plate. Next slip these rods throngli
jjj ^^spective holes of one of the other disks, forcing it down to a point 2 feet from
Ij^^, bottom, where it is secured by solder. In like manner secure the two remaining
j^^^^*^5^ at the 4 -foot point and the top of the target, respectively, when the frame is
--»^^T*lete.
15^^^ .^^se frames are then divided into three zones by stretching black and white
j^^ J*'?^* between the diagonals, the bottom and top zones being white with their planes
^^Jf * R:ht angles to each other, and the middle zone black with its plane in either
-j^^tion.
**V this method of construction the target frames are very true and substantial,
3412 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
bnt sizes larger than 12 inches in diameter need this modification : The disks made
from the No. 24 iron should be replaced by a cross made from No. 10 band iron that
is about li inches wide, for the reason that the large disks cast -too large a shadow
on the zones of cloth. Three-eighths inch round iron should be usedfor targets larger
than 12 inches in diameter.
The target when set is secured in place at the bottom by a nail through the center
hole, and otherwise by guy wires holding it plqmb.
By using care they can, as a rule, be so placed as to need no change of position to
be visible from all stations from which it is to be seen.
The first heliotropes used were camp-made alTairs and answered every purpose,
excepting the need of a telescope for picking up the direction of the distant station.
About October 1 four Wlirdemann heliotropes arrived from the engineer depot at Wil-
leis Point, and these were used for the remainder of the season. They answered
every purpose, but are more complicated than need be, requiring the services of a
more or less skilled operator for their manipulation.
Instrument. — The instrument used, as stated before, was Troughton & Simms the-
odolite No. 3, 14-inch circle. It was purchased in 1876 by the U. S. Lake Survey, and
its constants were carefully determined by Mr. R. 8. Woodward and will be found in
tht3 Report of the U. S. Lake Survey for 1879, Appendix No. 7 of Appendix M M. Mr.
Woodward made a careful determination of the value of the graduative space 359*^,
55' to 360^, and this space, has boon taken as the standard for all observations for
run.
On arriving at a new station the first leisure, after the instrument had been
mounted, was utilized in making readings for run, measuring the standard space 10
tim0s with the micrometer screw of each microscope.
Previous to taking the field I made a careful determination, by means of a level-
trier, of the value of one division of the striding and vertical circle level tubes, and,
as will be seen by a comparison with the values given by Mr. Woodward, the verti-
cal circle tube is undoubtedly the same one that was on the instrument when he
examined it. There is some doubt about the other. His value for one division of
the striding level for a space of about twelve divisions on either side of a central
position and at 60° F. was 0".898. My determination was for a larger space each
side of a centralposition, namely, about twenty divisions, and was made at a tem-
perature of 63^ F. and equals 0 ';763.
By Mr. Woodward's determination, the value of one division of the vertical circle
level tube for a space of twenty divisions either side of a central position and at a
temperature of 64° F. is 1".02*6. My determination was for a space of twenty-five
divisions either side of a central position, made at a temperature of 73-^, and eqnals
I'MIO.
RESULTS.
than 360°.
In the closing of triangles all fell within the limits on first trial. The greatest dis-
crepancy was 2'\98/ the smallest 0".21, and the mean l'^43. Of the 18 triangles used
in the reduced observations 7 closed large and 11 small.
Beginning with the base, the system of triangles, as far as the angles were meas<.
ured, form a series of quadrilaterals. So in making the reduction of the observations
it was thought best to adjust the system by quadrilaterals and thereby save a lar^
amount of the labor that would be required to make a rigid adjustment of the sys-
tem as a whole. I am of the opinion that a rigid adjustment could add but little, if
anything, to the results except, perhaps, ornamental and deceptive precision, for the
value of the work must lie in the observations themselves.
In reducing the work a local or station a<lju8tmoiit has first been made and these
values of the angles used in making the quadrilateral adjustment.
The results of the computations of the triangulation will be found in Table No. 1,
and the geographical positions of the primary stations in Table No. 2. The geograph-
ical positions of the secondary points observed from the primary stations will t>e
found in Table No. 3.
All the computations throughout the work have been made independently by Mr.
Thomas Russell and myself, and the results compared and made to check! leaving
the probability of an error very small indeed.
COST OF THK ANGLK READING.
The total expense of the angle party, including all salaries for the field season,
was $2,833.63, of which amount $26.47 is chargeable to expressage on and repairs of
instrameuts. $349.22 cost of cnnip outfit and the neccBsary tools, etc., leaving
$2^457.94 as the field expenses projier, or a co8t of $223.45 per station.
APPENDIX D D D-— NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3413
ADDENDUM.
As the primary triangulation ties in thetertiary.triangnlationof the river between
Little Rapids and Point Iroquois, tying directly to it at each end and at several of
the intermediate stations, and as many of these tertiary stations were used by the
topographers in the conrse of their season's work, we have, in accordance with your
suggestion, procured from Assistant Engineer Joseph Ripley, who executed this
work, his computations of the triangle sides — given m Table No. 4 — and have com-
puted the geographical positions of the stations, and they will be found in Table
No. 5.
The tertiary system must have been executed with great care, for Mr. Ripley's
length of the primary line, Iroqnois-South Gros Cap, on which it closes, agrees with
the primary value within 0.47 of a meter. His azimuth of this line also agrees with
the primary azimuth within 16".
These discrepancies have been distributed throughout the system, making it con-
form to the primary values, and it is the ad^iusted values that are given in the table.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. E. Haskell,
Aasiatant Engineer,
First Lieut. Charles S. Rich/:,
Corps of EngineerSy U. S, Army.
Table No. 1. — The primary triangulaiion.
Station 8,
8oo
West base.
Eant base .
St«. Marie.
WeHtbase.
East base .
Soo
Ste. Marie.
East base .
Observed
angles.
Correc-
tions.
56 23 36.42
95 44 44. 49
27 51 89. 22
59.13
+0.46
—0.20
4 0.62
49 22 41. 17 +0. 84
66 15 45. 46 —1. 23
74 21
33.58
00.21
38 53 30. 17
40 63 15. 75
102 13 12.80
58.72
36 53 30. 17
-f0.21
+0.24
+0.24
+0.83
-0.01
Soo
Ste. Marie 40 53 15. 75 : +0. 59
East base 1C2 13 12.80 I +0.73
58.72 ,
Mirron 33 01 26.71
Ste. Marie 64 27 20. 28
East base 82 31 10.03
57.02
Mirron 34 54 21.81
Soo 39 44 59.29
Ste. Marie , 105 20 36. 03
^ 57. 13
45 18 58. 67
46 21 49. 41
S8 19 13. 15
01.23
39 35 47. 10
89 36 54. 12
Rankin Mt.
Soo
Mirron
Korah
Kankin Mt....
Mirron I 50 47
Korah..
Soo ....
Mirron.
Korah.
Soo
Mirron
20.59
01.81
37 09 05. 03
105 19 00. 66
37 31 53. 18
59.47
37 09 05. 63
106 19 00. 66
37 31 53. 18
69.47
+0.*46
+ 1.62
+0.95
+ 0.70
+ 0.04
+2. 22
—0.87
+ 0.39
—0.52
+ 0.42
—0.73
-1.20
+1.32
—0.64
+0.07
+ 1.10
—0.70
+0.36
A^jasted
spherical an- Plane angles,
gies. I
56 23 35.88
95 44 44. 29
27 51 39. 84
49 22 42. 01
56 16 44. 23
74 21 33. 79
36 53 30. 41
40 53 15. 99
102 13 13.63
36 53 30. 16
40 53 16. 34
102 13 13.53
33 01 27. 17
64 27 21.90
82 31 10.98
34 54 22. 51
30 44 69. 33
105 20 38.25
45 18 57. 80
46 21 49. 80
88 19 12. 63
30 35 47. 52
89 36 53. 39
50 47 19. 39
37 09 06. 95
105 19 00. 02
37 31 53. 25
37 09 06. 73
106 18 69. 96
37 81 63. 64
«6 23 35. 88
95 44 44. 28
27 51 39. 84
49 22 42. 00
56 15 44. 22
74 21 33. 78
36 63 30. 40
40 63 16. 98
102 13 13. 62
36 53 80. 16
40 53 16. 33
102 13 13. 52
33 01 27. 16
64 27 21.89
82 31 10. 95
34 54 22.48
39 44 59. 31
105 20 38. 21
46 18 57. 73
46 21 49. 72
88 19 12. 55
39 35 47. 42
89 36 63. 29
50 47 19. 29
37 09 06. 88
105 18 59. 94
37 31 63. 18
37 09 06. 66
105 18 59. 88
37 31 63.46
Log. sin.
9. 9205702
9. 9978127
9.6696229
9. 8802562
9. 9199085
9. 9836135
9. 7783723
9. 6159624
9. 9900458
9. 7783716
9. 8159633
9. 9900459
9. 7363912
9. 9553293
9. 9962882
9. 7575746
9. 8057974
9.9842368
9. 8518674
9. 8595802
9. 9908134
9. 8043964
9.9990902
9. 8892007
9. 7809868
9. 9842935
9. 784 1 676
9. 7809862
9. 9842930
9. 7847683
Log. sides. \ Sides.
Metert.
3. 5052219
3.5824644
3. 2642746
3. 5052210
3. 5448742
3. 6085792
3. 5448742
3. 5824643
3. 7565477
3. 5448734
3. 5824651
3. 7565477
3. 6448734
3. 7638115
3. 8047704
3. 7565477
3. 80477a5
3. 0832099
3. 9832099
3. 9909227
4.1311559
3. 9909227
4. 1865166
4. 0757270
3.9832098
4. 18C5165
3. 9869805
3. 9832099
4. 1865173
3. 9869820
Meter».
8, 200. 530
8,823.629
1,795.869
3. 200. 630
3, 506. 503
4, 060. 600
3,506.603
3, 823. 528
5, 708. 888
3,606.496
3, 823. 535
5, 708. 838
3. 506. 496
5, 805. 124
6, 379. 262
5. 708. 838
6, 379. 263
9, 620. 760
9, 620. 769
9,793 157
13, 625. 679
9, 793. 167
16, 364. 431
11, 904. 660
9, 620. 769
15, 364. 431
9, 704. 604
9,620.769
15, 364. 459
9, 704. 700
3414 EKPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGIKEERS; U. 8. ARMY.
Table No. 1. — The primary iriangulaiion — Continued.
Stations.
Aeimuth
Soo
Mirron
Korah
Azimutli
Soo
Korali
Kankin Mt
Mirron
Larke
Korah
Rankin Mt
Larke
Korah
Mirron
Observatory...
Korah
Soo
Obflerratory. . .
Azimuth
Soo
Soo...
Korah
Azimuth
Larke
Korah
Kankin Mt....
Iroquois
Korah
Larke
Iroquois
KauKin Mt
Larke
South Gros Cap
Larke
Iroquois
Observed
angles.
Correc-
tions.
Of"
44 43 03. 20
80 24 01. 42
45 52 66. 68
0L30
84 22 50. 95
79 41 58. 77
15 54 59. 24
57.96
30 85 47. 10
89 36 54. 12
50 47 20. 59
0L81
43 11 52. 97
91 45 12. 04
45 02 53. 96
58.97
76 38 14. 98
52 09 24. 94
51 12 17. 21
67.18
Concluded.
6 34 34. 61
31 06 22. 02
Concluded.
3 22 48. 02
15 10 23. 66
15 54 50. 24
84 22 59. 95
79 41 58. 77
57.96
48 11 62. 97
01 45 12. 04
45 02 53. 06
58.07
31 34 30. 48
61 51 13. 03
86 34 06. 04
00.35
Concluded.
27 28 14. 24
120 45 57. 70
00 53 45. 25
24 15 25. 46
55 50 40. 54
00.25
—0.07
—1.01
+0.02
+1.45
+0.35
+0.31
+0.20
-0.74
-1.06
—0.10
+ 1.78
-0.10
+1.48
+ 1.40
+0.27
+0.71
—0.13
-0.75
—0.14
+0.01
+ 1.61
+0.48
—0.40
+1.56
+0.33
+ 0.08
+0.82
—0.10
+0.10
+ 1.63
+0.44
+0.30
—0.61
Adjusted
spherical an-
gles.
44 43 03. 13
80 24 00.41
45 52 56. 70
84 23 01.40
70 41 50. 12
15 54 59. 55
30 35 47.30
80 36 53. 38
60 47 10. 53
43 11 52. 78
01 45 13. 82
46 02 63. 77
76 38 16. 46
5^ 00 26. 43
51 12 17. 48
142 20 01. 01
6 34 36. 32
31 05 22. 70
161 26 48. 80
3 23 48. 17
15 10^.64
15 54 50. 25
84 23 01. 66
70 41 50. 25
43 11 52. 48
01 45 13. 60
45 02 64. 20
31 34 30. 56
61 51 14.25
86 34 06. 84
22 46 47. 03
27 28 14. 34
120 46 60. 33
00 53 45. 60
24 16 25. 76
65 50 48. 03
Plane angles.
Log. sin. I Log. sides. Sid«s
(/
44 43 03. 05
80 24 00. 33
45 62 56. 62
84 23 01.37
70 41 50. 10
15 64 60. 53
80 35 47. 20
80 36 53. 28
50 47 10. 43
43 11 62.66
01 45 13. 60
46 02 63.65
76 38 16. 33
52 00 26. 31
51 12 17. 36
142 20 01.90
6 34 35. 32
81 05 22. 78
161 26 48. 20
3 22 48. 17
15 10 23. 64
15 54 50. 23
84 23 01. 54
70 41 60. 23
48 11 52. 36
91 45 13. 47
45 02 64. 17
31 34 30. 35
61 51 14.03
86 34 06. 62
22 46 46. 80
27 28 14. II
120 45 59. 00
00 53 46. 56
24 15 26. 64
55 50 48. 80
0.8473332
0.0000762
0. 8560715
0. 0070102
0.9020440
9.4381257
0.8043961
0.0000002
0.8892000
0.8353860
0.0007065
0.8498508
0.0880811
0.6074611
9. 8017552
0.7860834
0.0680167
0.7120684
0. 5026810
8.7706482
0.4178665
0.4381236
0.0070102
0.0020441
0.8353862
0.0007066
0. 8408514
0.7190435
0.0453443
0. 0002207
0. 5876214
0.6630770
0. 8857335
0.0034807
0. 6136644
0. 0177802
MeUri.
3.0832000
4.1358520
3.0010482
3.0010482
3.0860820
3.4821637
3.0000232
4: 1865173
4. 0757280
4.0757280
4. 2401376
4.0001014
4. 1865173
4.0058973
4.0001014
3.0669620
8.2508153
3. 0138670
8.0010482
3.2508154
3. 0071337
8.4321616
8.00104^
8.0600821
4.0757262
4.2401366
4. 0001014
4. 0001914
4.3164922
4.3703686
Jfstor*.
9, 620. 769
13, 672. 626
9, 816. a09
0.816.809
9, 704. 700
2.704.978
0. 798. 168
15,364.459
11,904.960
11.904.960
17, 883. 516
12. 306. 110
15,364.460
12, 470. 856
12, 308. 110
9, 704. 700
1,818.927
8. 20L 004
9, 816. 809
1. 818. 927
8. 074. 835
2, 704. 964
9. 816. 309
9, 704. 700
11,904.912
17, 383. 760
12, 308. 110
12.808.110
20,724.890
23, 462. 194
4.2401366 17,383.760
4.3164022 20,724.890
4.6382487
4.3164022
3. 0366660
4.2407017
34. 534. 145
20,724.890
8. 643. 048
17. 409. 716
3416 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U, 8. ARMY.
Table No. 3. — Secondary points located from the primary system.
Stations.
Court-house flftg-
StAfT.
St. Mar>''s Cath-
olic church spire.
Canal Park flag-
staff.
Fort Brady flag-
staff.
No. 14 (river tri-
angle).
Catholic church
spire, Canatla.
In ternational
Hotel, Canada.
Indian Home flag-
stafl.
Point Anx Pins
light-house.
Kound Island
light-house.
No. 1.5 (river tri-
angle).
Point Iroquois
light-house.
Latitude.
o / /'
46 29 54.49
46 29 55. 22
46 30 07. 91
Longitude.
o ' "
84 20 35. 02
84 20 20. 61
84 20 53. 36
To stations.
46 29 36. 53 I 84 21 26. 38
46 29 44. 52
46 30 27. 74
84 17 43. 19
84 19 25. 45
46 30 48. 84 84 20 01. 06
46 30 02. 79
46 27 52. 29
46 26 36. 13
46 26 49. 96
46 29 04. 56
81 17 07. 69
84 28 14.66
84 30 48. 69
84 29 41.66
84 37 48. 56
Soo
West base
West base
Soo
East base
Korah .
KankinMoun '
tain.
Soo
Korah
Soo
Ste. Marie . .
East base.
West base
Soo
West base
East base
Soo
West base
East base
Ste. Marie
East base.
Korah . .
Larke ..
Iroquois
Larke
Kaukin Moun-
tain.
Irotiuois
South G r o A
Cap.
Larke
Irocjuois
. Larke ..
Korah . .
Iro<iuoi8
Distance.
Meters.
1, 601. 35
197. 10
220.19
l,79i.09
2, 983. 57
8.118.78
11.988.65
1, 842. 38
8. 836. 57
870. 96
5,471.85
1, 147. 85
3. 565. 97
3. 320. 62
1, 614. 39
2, 737. 5!d
3, 413. 42
3, 722. 36
1, 633. 36
2, 099. 17
2. 065. 58
13. 495. 80
6. 471. 75
14, 253. 56
9,911.40
26.087 17
11,411.42
11,930.49
8, 427. 87
12, 687. 13
18. 894. 81
21, 085. 62
2, 392. 84
Kemarks.
Of Chippewa Countv.
Mich.
In Sault Ste. Marie. Mich.
In Canal Park at Sault Ste.
Mane, Mich.
The iron flagstaff at New
Fort Brady.
A station of the river tn-
augulation.
In Sanlt Ste. Marie, On-
tario, Canada.
I)o.
On the Shingwauk Home
in Canada.
A station of the river tri-
angulation.
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3417
Table No. 4. — Tertiary triangulatione^ St. Marys Biverj Michigam, Little Rapids to
Point Iroquois,
Station.
A ^4
A 'East base Sault
Ste. Marie.
A 23
A 23.
A 21.
A 1*
A U.
A 21.
A 8--
59 35 11. 0
55 28 46. 0
64 56 03. 0
58 32 33. 2
91 43 47. 2
29 43 39. 6
80 25 31. 1
69 28 22. 2
30 06 06. 7
45 10 50. 6
92 38 06. 6
42 11 02.8
42 07 58. 3
68 31 55. 7
A 9 69 20 06.0
A 19
A »-.
21.
A
A 21
A 8..
A 9..
A
8.
6.
Angle.
42 24 09. 75
Side.
Meters.
A 9-
A 6-
A 2.
48 41 43.5 2,439.01
98 5141.0 3,208.01
33 26 35. 5 ' 1, 741. 77
A 6 1 41 45 57.5
A 2 1 34 03 35.4
A 7 104 10 2
7.1
A 7
A 2
A 3
A
A
A
7.
3.
5
87 15 48.5
35 23 09. 9
57 21 01. 6
34 51 38.5
42 00 23. 0
103 07 58. 5
I
D 2 1 74 12 07.8
A 3 1 23 30 33.0
82 17 19. 2
1, 675. 61
1, 408. 88
2, 439. 01
1,987.78
1. 152. 40
1, 675. 59
676. 38
791. 91
1. 152. 40
1.987.78
824.04
2,047.12
A R '■ 54 01 12.1 ( 2.047.12
D 2 i 74 02 45.7 I 2.432.30
A 3 1 51 56 02.2 i 1.991.60
I I
A R
O 2-
A P
A E
D 2.
A 1>
A K
85 19 32. 2
45 50 51.4
48 49 36. 4
Side.
Miles.
1, 329. 70
1,270.38
1, 396. 66
2,287.41 ;
2, 680. 28 1
1, 329. 70
2. 287. 41
2, 172. 43
1, 163. 43
2, 416. 23
3, 402. 74
2. 287. 41
1.741.77
2,416.23
2, 429. 31
A E 39 42 48.4 1,991.66
AR 883622.6 3.116.17
51 40 49. 0 2, 445. 56
73 23 48. 6 3, 116. 17
59 51 39.9 2.7.'>1.12
41 44 31.5 : 2,117.96
A O ,53 28 55. 6 2. 117. 96
A P 8* 03 3.3.3 ' 2,021.20
A B i 42 27 31.1 1,779.02
A C 58 49 36.9 2,621.20
A <> 91 40 29. 5 . 3, 062. 25
A E 29 29 5:1.6 1.508.14
3, 062. 25
2, 204. 47
2, 312. 72
0.826
0.789
0.868 !
1.421 !'
1.665 I
0.826 I
1.421 !
1.350 I
0.723 |,
1.501
2.114
1.421 i!
1.082
1.501
1.510
1.516
1.993 J
1.082 ;,
I'
1.041 I
0.875 i
1.516 I
!
1.235
0.716 ■'
1.041 I
0.420 ■
0.492 {
0.716 I
1.235
0.512 I
1.272 ;
1.272
1.511 ,
1.238
1.2.38
1.936 I
1.520 ;
1.936
1.709
1.316
1.316
1.629
1.105
1.629
1.903
0.937
1.903
1.370
1.437
Station.
Angle.
A N 90 24 43.1
O 1 33 40 47.0
C 55 54 29.9
A 12.
A C.
A N.
A
A
17
N
12 101 24 27.1
29 02 46. 0
68 18 46.9
82 38 27. 1
26 33 17.4
52 02 15. 5
Side.
Side.
Meters.
1, 508. 14
836. 55
1.249.27
836. 55
Miles.
0.937
0. 520
0.776
0.520
A 15 65 25 52.5
A 17 56 42 03.6
A 12 ; 67 52 03.9
A 10 ' 52 32 09.0
A
A
15.
12.
09 20 26. 7
58 01 24. 3
1,601.07 I
1,708.83 I
1.601.07 I
2,823.61 I
3, 510. 62 I
2. 823. 6H. !
2.594.96
2,629.13 ,
2, 594. 96 !
3.061.08 j
2,773.23
A L. H., Round j
Island I 69 52 09.1 2.773.23
,^ 15 i 79 48 34.1
^
A W ' 30 19 16.8
55 49 19.3
83 12 .')5.4
,^, 15 ! 40 57 45.3
A 11
A L.H., Round
Island
2.907.08 j
1, 491. 16 !
A 13 70 23 24.5
A L.H., Ronnd
Island 49 20 22.9
A 11 00 16 12.6
A
M
A
/'•**
10
A
15
\
ii'_i
I.
A
H
A
10
\
.'1-.
L
A
A
M.
I..
I
42 56 50. 0
38 08 00. 7
98 55 09. 3
37 59 22. 4
88 39 20. 6
53 21 17.0
97 00 47. 4
50 41 54.7
32 08 17.9
79 45 03. 9
64 36 12. 4
1,789.83 '
1, 181. 62
1,181.62
051.55
1.089.27
2,773.23 i
2.513.43 !
4,021.14 I
i
4,021.14 i
0.531.14 I
5,241.67 I
A L 35 38 43.7
A
A
/•\
A
A
B.
I..
M.
A I...
A B..
52 53 25. 3
56 33 59. 1
70 32 35. G
63 36 29. 7
26 06 16.4
90 18 13. 9
5,241.
4,088.
2, 810.
4, 088.
3, 752.
2. 421.
5, 241.
5, 485.
6, 197.
67 !
04
32 1
I
I
04
86
01
67
15
43
6,197.43
3. 044. 65
6. 919. 40
A Iroqnois 54 57 54. 5 i 6, 919. 40
I ' 78 50 50.6 I 8.293.89
6, 087. 83
A
46 05 14. 9
A South GrosCap 71 15 06.7
A Iroquois 28 02 49.4
A A 80 42 03.9
8.293.89
4,118.27
8, 643. 52
0.995
1.062
0.995
1.755
2.181
755
612
634
1.612
1.902
1.723
1.723
1.806
0.927
1.491.16 0.927
1.112
0.734
0.734
0.591
0.677
1.723
1 661
2.499
2.499
4.058
3. 257
3. 257
2.540
1.746
2.540
2. 3.32
1.504
3.257
3.416
3.851
3. 851
1.892
4.300
4.3(X»
5. 153
3. 783
5. 153
2.559
5.371
3418 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMT.
Table No. 5. — Geographical positiona of the stations of thei^rti4iry triangulation oftht
river hetween Little Rapids and Point Iroquois.
Stations.
A23
AH
A 21
A8.
A 19
A»-
A6
A7
A3
A5
A2
C2
AR
AE
AO
AD
AC
AN
A 12
A 17
A 15
AlO
Kound I B 1 n n d
light-house.
A 13
A n
AM
AI
Latitude.
46 29 03.72
46 29 44. 52
46 29 21.39
46 30 22. 63
46 29 51. 85
46 29 41. 60
46 30 36. 98
46 30 05. 36
46 29 34. 67
46 29 39. 71
46 30 34. 06
46 30 20. 56
46 29 23. 53
46 30 02. 19
46 28 37. 34
46 29 49. 96
46 28 37. 46
46 28 14.99
46 27 51.77
46 26 23. 53
46 26 49. 06
46 28 10. 13
46 26 36. 13
46 26 25. 69
46 26 01.04
46 26 02. 44
Longitude.
o » "
84 17 35.50
84 17 43. 19
84 18 35. 78
84 19 36. 12
84 20 07. 59 '
84 21 12.61
84 21 28. 15
84 22 15.78^
84 22 46. 52*
84 22 15. 66
84 23 22. 46
84 23 55.80
84 24 39.41
84 26 19. 49
84 26 23. 39
84 28 01. 33
84 27 34. 10
84 27 12.19
84 28 19. 28
84 27 44. 59
84 29 41. 66
84 30 40. 26
84 30 48. 69
84 29 59. 89
84 30 26. 63
64 31 17. 26
46 26 39. 58 84 35 16. 83
A L
AK
AH
A A
46 25 06. 34
46 25 25. 61
46 28 58. 83
46 30 10. 22
84 33 00. 89
84 35 54.40
84 31 47.65
84 33 26. 15
Azimuth.
112 59
172 34
116 03
57 30
115 39
145 46
58 23
35 13
100 31
21.71
32.71
03.35
30.15
58.09
04.79
27.61
43.21
25.91
215 13 20. 4
280 33
169 02
120 20
87 53
46 07
20.4
11.6
28.1
41.3
43.8
121 56 42. 1
157 19
214 40
81.52
179 49
76 41
29.7
31.3
54.5
15,
16,
2
7
69 36 22. 9
313 48
27 50
06.
52.
119 13 58.0
259 29
319 21
1 49
235 18
90 08
66 27
260 07
345 26
211 18
326 02
63 24
11 21
214 20
344 47
108 00
153 12
222 38
73 23
280 39
183 30
336 35
287 15
36 52
212 25
234 16
191 19
244 37
282 36
120 59
231 50
134 46
199 20
279 06
57.0
36.9
08.0
00.8
35.7
48.6
24.0
66.2
07.5
14.3
03.1
47.5
28.4
41.5
03.1
19
45.7
44.9
27.6
47.3
51.8
28.9
39.7
27
00.4
10.4
33.7
56.2
50.2
40
52.6
59.3
03.-2
353 12
03.
4
40 05
28.
8
316 22
31.
2
19 58 01.
0
m 0:1
10.0
140 45
19.8
I
To stations.
A21....
A 14 ... .
A8
A21...
A 19...
A8
A9
A19....
A6
8
A 21
A 6 .
A2
A 2.
A7.
A2.
A2.
A7.
AR
A7.
A3.
U2.
AR
AE,
D2.,
AP.
AO
AP.
AC ,
AN,
/»\ C ,
A E ,
AN.
A 12.
A 17,
AC,
A 17
A 15
AlO
A 12
Hound Island
light-house.
A12 ;.
A 10
All
A13
All
A15
A15
^ 10
AlO
AM
A Iroquois
AM
AI
^ T
/.. L
A
^ I
M
A P ''6 29 10. 14 ' 84 25 14. 82 ' 217 46 12. 4
AR
AI
A Iroquois
A South Gros Cap.
02
Distance.
Meters.
1, 396. 66
1, 270. 38
2.680.28
1, 329. 70
2, 172. 43
2, 287. 41
2, 416. 23
1, 163. 43
2, 429. 31
1,163.43
3, 402. 74
1,741.77
3. 208. 01
2,439.01
1, 408. 88
1,675.61
1,987.78
1,152.40
2, 432. 30
791.91
676. 38
824.04
2. 047. 12
1, 991. 6«i
2. 445. 56
3, 116, 17
2,117.96
2, 621. 20
1, 779. 02
1, 508. 14
1, 249. 27
2, 204. 47
2, 312. 72
3, 062. 25
836.55
1,601.07
3, 510. 62
1.708.8:J
2, 82:i. 61
2. 629. 13
2, 773. 23
2.594.96
1,491.16
3,061 08
2,907.08
1,181.62
1.089.27
951.55
1,789.83
2, 513. 43
4.021.14
6. 531. 14
5,241.67
6, 087. 83
2, 810. 32
4,088.04
2,421.01
3, 752. 86
5. 485. 15
6, 197. 43
3, OU. 65
6, 919. 40
8. 293. 89
4, lie. 27
2, 761. 12
Loga-
rithms.
3.1450899
3.1030336
3. 4281802
3. 1237525
3.3360465
3.3595438
3.3831380
d. 0657401
3.3854822
3. 0657401
3.5318283
3.2409908
3.5062357
3. 3872129
3. 1488748
3.22417S4
3.2983673
3. 0616017
3 3860172
2.8986754
2. 8301900
2.915M87
3. 311 1431
3.2992101
3.388370
3. 4936314
3. 32591M
3. 4185019
3.250180T
3. 1785417
3.096GS73
3.3433037
3.36I1230
3. 4860(10
2.9224934
3.»)44«4
3.5453«»
3.2S3e9«
3.450«MJ
3.4196110
3.4429005
3.41413A
3.1735244
3.48587<T
3.46345"
3. 0724:j0
3.o;m35i
2.97W335
3.232«n'
3.400207}
3.0043401
3!7iwj2
3 7«*«'
3 44«7g
3.01151**
3. "^^i,*^!
3.5743fl>
3.702J11*
3 4^'^''
3.*400g
3.014'!^
3.43950^
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3419
f. — ^report of mb. h. vox 8chox, assistant engineer.
United States Engineer Office,
SanH Ste. Marie , Mick., June SO, 1894.
Sir : I have the houor to submit herewith my annual report for the fiscal year,
fTom July 1, 1893, to June 30, 1894, consisting of two parts, viz:
Part I. Report on the topographical survey along Aiuericau shore of St. Marys
River from July, 1893, to December, 1893.
Part II. Report on mapping, charting, sketching, and office operations from
December, 1893, to June 30, 1894.
Part I.
bubject of survey.
The Bublect of the survey, as defined in your letter of instructions to me dated June
13 and July 15, 1893, was the southern shore of the St. Marys River, beginning at
Little Rapids, including the western side ot the new chaunel, tbeuce westerly to a
point beyond Point Iroquois, a^'terwards determined to be JSalt Point.
The Aorvey wae to extend from the shore line of the river back to the crest of the
first range of hills parallel thereto, and to include all Islands on the American shore.
Ail light-houses, range lights, buildings; all topographical features relating to the
eooditiona of the ground and improvements; all land survey, section and town lines,
and contours for every 20 feet elevation were to be located and plotted on a scale of
1 to 5,000, afterwards changed to 1 to 10,000.
character of territory.
The character of this territory presents all the varieties to be found in this lati-
tude. Almost the entire shore line on this reach is low and sandy or marshy, a rank
growth of timber and brush reaching to the water's edge for more than half of the
shore distance surveyed. Occasionally for short distances the shore line rises to a
sandy bluif not exceeding 20 feet in height, and for the last 3 miles east of Salt
Point outcroppings of a mineral formation are viHible on shore, becoming very
determined for about 1 mile, rising abruptly out of the water to a height of about 15
feet.
The range of hills coming from the south enters this territory about 1 mile south
of Little Rapids at an elevation of about 125 feet above the river level, then gra<lu-
ally approaches the west end of Sault Ste. Marie within one- third of a mile of the
river ahore at an elevation of about 115 feet, then bears south for a distance of
about 2^ miles and again approaches and touches the shore line at the Clay Banks at
a height of about 85 feet. Thence it bears west to a point south of Point Iroquois,
and uience north rapidly rising and culminating in the Iroquois formation at a
maximum altitude of about 440 feet above the river level at Little Rapids. From
here the hills gradually recede in a southwesterly direction to a considerable dis-
tance from shore, gradually decreasing in elevation.
The drainage of this hill range from Little Hapids to the Clay Banks issues in
three small creeks, and thence to its northward course to Iroquois is absorbed by
the Waiska River, a water course of considerable volume. The Iroquois range
proper drains into two small lakes at its Jbot which lie about 30 feet above the
liver and are without anv visible outflow. The reach from Iroquois to Salt Point
is broken by one creek only.
The country between shore and hills is low and mostly thickly covered with all
classes of timber and brush, tamarack, maple, and elm predominating. Occasionally
large areas of timber are burnt over, and some depressions of considerable extent are
B^ampy and marshy.
No land was found under cultivation after passing Sault 8to. Marie until the Waiska
filler is reached, where Superior, a settlement ot* about 100 people, is located, and
some farming is done. On a peninsula H miles north of this is tlie village of Bay
Mills, with about 400 inhabitants, and 1 mile farther north on the beach is thelmlian
■ettlement " Mission" with about 75 people. From this point west the character of
the country changes, the timber is frequently sprinkled with oak, and considerable
^f the land is under cultivation. With the exception of the sandstone near Salt
Ti**^' no mineral formatiou of any descri])tion was discovered.
The means of transportation through this territorv westerly are a dirt road ( Waiska
^*y road) leading from a point about 5 miles south of Sault Ste. Marie due west to
oQperior, whence it follows the shore to Mission; thence it leads upon the Irotjuois
P^teau, and due west for about 5 miles to Dollar Settlement, where it terminates.
*^^Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railroad touches this territory at Superior,
p^d thence pursues a northeasterly course to Sault Ste. Marie. The Minneapolis, St.
.^^1 and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad enters in the eastern part, leading first north and
^^^ northeasterly to Sault Ste. Marie.
A
3420 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
The whole territory is located iu Chippewa County, Mich., comprising Ts. N. 47,
1 E. ; N. 47, 1 W. ; N. 47, 2 W. ; N. 47, 3 W. ; N. 47, 4 W., and the northern half of N.
46, 2 W.
The principal meridian of Michigan passes through the western part of Sault Ste.
Marie, Mich.
METHODS.
The organization of the topographical party under my charge consisted of 1
recorder, at $70 per month ; 4 rodmen, at $50 per month, each ; 1 cook, at $50 per month.
The instruments used were the Buff & Berger transit No. 245, from July 12 to
August 14, exclusively. On August 8 the Buff &. Berger piano table No. 1, and on
August 14 the stadia rods for the same were received, and this instrument was then
used when and wherever it was practicable to do so ; but much of the weather being
stormy, and most of the territory being covered with a rank growth of brush, and
large areas being swampy, made it often advisable to use the lightest and simplest
field outfit to make reasonable progress possible, and in these cases a Fauth transit
was used.
The methods employed with the transit were of the usual practice in "travers-
ing;'' the plane table was used in much the same manner, as no sheets with coordi-
nated points located had been prepared for the reach under survey. A section of
shore line between reference points was first located, and from it traverse lines to
the range of hills were run. These latter had to be invariably chopped through the
timber or brush, while much of the shore had to be similarly cleared before the
instrumental work could b« done. A working programme being decided upon by the
chief, lines to bo cleared were chopped out by the rodmen under the direction of
recorder^ the chief running shore line or roads at the same time wifch transit and two
rodmen, or employing himself at plotting. When practicable the plane table was
used for detailed surveys, requiring then the entire party. The horizontal distances
were obtained by stadia readings always, and the elevations by the vertical angle.
Azimuth observations on Polaris were made during the progress of the survey.
The reconls of the survey were kept in field books, as customary in transit work,
and when the plane table was used a field sheet was constructed on the table as tbe
work progressed, notations in field book also being made of distances and vertical
angle readings.
NARRATIVE.
The topographical party was organized on July 1, 1893, took the field on July 12,
in camp at Little Rapids, moving on July 21 to shore near Aslimun Creek ; on AuguBt
10, to Point Louisa, Canada; on September 18, to Birch Point; on September 29, to
Waiska Bay ; on October 16, to Mission Hill ; on November 16, to Dollar Settlement;
and on November 25, returning to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, where it was dis-
banded.
The survey was begun at A East Base, tying, in it« progress, on 5 primary and I"
tertiary triangulation stations, and closing on the secondary station at Salt Poio^-
The levels were referred to B. M. "A", at Little Rapids, and checked on P. B. ^*
"4'^ of the precise level line located on west side of Waiska River.
RESULTS.
The field work of the season covered about 51.4 square miles of territory, re^'V^
ing in the location of about 48^ miles of shore line, 28f miles of hill range, 19 ^*Vi4
of railroads, 63f miles of roads, and all the details of conditions of ground ^^
improvements within this territory. v,e«tt
The office records of this work are in 6 field books and in 7 field sheets, all of i^ "^
on file at the engineer office at Savlt Ste. Marie, Mich.
The cost of the survey was for — ^
Instruments purchased ^^^^C ^
Camp outfit purchased ■... ^^^' 2
Salaries paid to members of party 2, 25^2»* ^
Subsistence of members of party *'^^'
Repairing camp outfit
Transportation of members of party
Total cost 3,36-s^'j
The cost per square mile of survey is found by charging the survey with,
amounts paid for —
Salaries, subsistence, transportation, and repairs of camp outfit ^>^I^U^
10 per cent of the cost of instruments ^^J^
50 per cent of the cost of camp outfit 14^^"^
' ^^ ^
Total cost of 51. 4 square miles of topographical survey 2, 94«^ "
Cost per square mile, $57.30.
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3421
RECOMMENDATIONS.
For future topographical surveys in this region I would respectfully recouimeDd
tbe following organization of topographical party :
One assistant engineer in charge.
Two recorders, to be men capable of running the plane table and to be fair drafts-
men.
Five rodmen, to be young men of sound physique^ who are preparing for the pro-
fession or have had previous experience as rodmen.
One head axman, to be capable to take charge of laborers and to understand the
use of reconnoitering instruments, and act as head rodman on a transit survey.
Two axmen, and at times such additional number of axmen as the work may require;
these men to bo woodsmen, preferably of the region the survey is operated in.
This ]»ttrty to be equipped with the following instrumental outfit:
Instruments. — One transit,! Y-level,2 plane tables, and such additional instruments
as are f »und of service in reconnoitering.
The methods to be employed I would recommend to be as follows : Plane table field
sheets of the reach to be surveyed during the season should be fully prepared before
the party takes the field, with all bench marks, tertiary, secondary, and primary tri-
2ingulatiou stations plotted thereon.
The assistant to plan the work for the two plane-table parties and for the advance
chopping of necessary traverse lines, and to locate by atlditioual triangulation aud
leveling such ailditional reference po in t-s and bench marks as it may be found desira-
ble to establish in order to have no such points originated by plane table alone.
The recorders to secure all needed topographical information by plane-table sur-
veys from these fixed and plotted points, always orienting the plane table by inter-
section or resection upon points plotted on the sheet. Lach plane-table party to
consist of t.he recorder in charge, 2 rodmen, and 1 axman, who is to carry the plane
table.
The head axman is to take charge of the chopping needed to clear lines for
survey on shore, hill range, roads, and traverse, with such additional axmen as
could be employed at intervals for short periods; at other times he would be avail-
able with the fifth rodman to form a transit or level crew for the assistant in charge.
He is also to take charge of the camp property and tools, aud of camp policing and
moving of camp.
The salary of such a party on the scale recommended for the coming season,
together with salary of 4 additional axmen employed for ten days during each
Uiouth, aud the subsistence on the ratio of last season's cost, would amount to a
total about 20 per cent less than the total cost of the two topographical parties last
Beason, while in my estimation such an organization would be capable of accomplish-
ing as much and probably more field work than the two parties did together during
tlie past season.
A not inconsiderable saving in time and expense could be secured, in ray opinion,
l»y arranging to have the cook and mess outfits of the entire party located on a flat-
^ bottomed scow, which could be easily moved at any time without necessitating the
X>acking and unpacking of all the utensils on the occasion of each move. More fre-
*^| uent moves of camp could be had and thereby walking to and from work reduced
^nd more time utilized in actual field work. With this arrangement it would be
perfectly practicable to have the head axman, with assistance of additional axmen,
^>^ove the entire camp and relocate same while the field parties were doing their
Customary field work.
Part II.
MAPPING. CHARTING, SKETCHING, ETC.
After completing the platting and inking of the last transit field work and con-
^v^ertiug field sheet No. 2 (Hig Point to iSolomons Point) from St. Marys River level
^ata, to New York tide level data, my office work during period from December, 1893,
"^-^ June 30, 1894, consisted, as outlined in your letter of instructions dated January
X€,1894, of-
First. Special drafting work required by you from time to time. Under this head
X constructed —
(1) A general map of primary triangiilation scheme of St. Marys River from line
^argantua-Mamainse to the Mackinac base, scale 1 : 380160;
(2) A similar plan of primarv and secondarv triangulation of same reach, scale
X : 380160 ;
(3) A sketch of conventional signs for topography and hydrography ;
. (4) An outline sketch of chart No. 3, St. Marys River survey, with scheme of sound-
"^ng lines for ice survey, scale 1 : 40000 ;
\
3422 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
(5) A Bimilar outline sketch of chart No. 2, St. Marys River survey, scale I'^^^^S^'.
(6) A general outline sketch of chart No. 1, St. Marys River survey, scale l:40O<^i
(7) A general outline sketch of a chart of Whitefish Bay, scale 1 : 80000. .
Second. The duplication of all field work done by the t opographicaL parties, wla-i^^
necessitated the tracing of sheets Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Canadian shore survey" •
Third. Tjie preparation of an accurate field plat of Sault Ste. Marie, Mioh., 9^^ ^
1 :5000 scale, which absorbed about two months of time devoted to the securing of ^?*^
available reliable data relating to streets, subdivisions, buildings, etc., from pul:>l-^c
records, previous surveys, existing maps, and from personal reconnoissance.
Fourth. The preparation of a scheme for the poly conic projection of the re^fc^^^h
covered by chart No. 3, on a 1 : 40000 scale, and of it-s subdivision into suitable ib^kb^-
form sheets showing both shores of river with hydrography on 1:10000 scale.
The general scheme and two of the sheets were completed. The first one, coversxmg
the readi from Big Point to Little Rapids and including Sanlt Ste. Marie, Micsla. ->
and Canada, with all the details previously secured, occupied about two mouther <3^
my time; the second sheet, covering the reach from Old Vessel Point, Canada,
Point aux Pins, was also completed.
Fifth. The preparation of a similar general and subdivision scheme for re<
covered by chart No. 2, of which the general plan only was completed.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. vox SCHON,
Aasiaiant Engii
First Lieut. Charles S. RichA,
Corps of Engineers f U. S. Army,
g. — report op mr. david molitor, assistant engineer.
United States Engineer Office,
Detroit, Mich., May 14, 189-^-
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following final report relating tooperatioim^^J
the survey party under my charge, July 10 to December 1, 1893, while resurveyin^
Canadian shore of St. Marys River, between the Shingwauk Home and North G^'
Cap.
NARRATIVE.
In accordance with the order of Col. O. M. Poe, Corps of Engineers, dated Detr^'* ■
July 10, 1893, I reported for duty at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., on July 12, 1893.
The remainder of the month of July was devoted to the preparation of camp cr***'
fit, office work, etc. ^
From August 1 to 3 I carried a line of levels from B. M. ** A" on the north wall *^
the '81 lock at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., across the international bridge and east ald^^
the Canadian shore to a point opposite Topsail Islands. .
On August 4 I was ordered to cut lines of sight for triangnlation work, front* _ ^'
Azimuth to A Soo, A Larke, and A Mirron. This was done by day's labor, and ^'
completed on August 11. ^
The plane tables with which the topographical work was to be done arriveil^ ^^
August 7, and I proceeded at once to grailuate the stadia rods for the two P*'^ * ^Tj
The party in charge of Assistant Engineer H. vou Schon being in the field, it "^^
deemed L^ore practicable for me to do this work. ^^^
My party was accordingly organized, and went into camp on the Canadian sho*^'
opposite Topsail Islands, on August 14, 1893.
The party consisted of the following members: ^^ti
John Conrick, recorder, in the service from July 12 to December 9, 1893; Clir*^\^^
R. Norton, rodman^ in the service from August 1 to September 13, 1893 ; Rich ^^-^,
Johnson, rodman, m the service from August 7 to December 1, 1893; Fred E. Le^^
rodman, in the service from August 10 to Beptember».S0, 1893; W. J. Steere, roditt^T^^
in the service from August 10 to December 1, 1893 ; Peter Biron, cook, in the sen^ -^
from August 10 to October 1, 1893.
Subsequent changes caused the following to be employed: -0,,
Peter Birou, rodman, in the service from October 1 to November 24, 1893; C^
Thompson, rodman, in the service -from September 19 to December 1, 1893; V^
Peter Biron, cook, in the service from October 1 to November 22, 1893.
The first camp, near Topsail Islands, was occupied until September 1, and an a^,^^^.
of about 5 square miles, including the greater portion of the town of Sanlt ^"^^Je
Marie, Ontario, waa covered. As may be inferred, this work contained considenw ^^
detail, which, together with a newly organized party, made the progress rather si
at first.
>PEXn)lX D D D — ^NORTHERN AND- NORTH WE STERN LAKES 3423
e second camp wao pitched on Dayignons Point, and was occupied until Sep-
»er 29, having moved camp with the tug Myra, An area of about 9 square miles
ifiarveyed from this camp, including the western portion of Sault Ste. Marie,
bxio, the Canadian canal grounds, Swedish settlement, and the country about
les west of the town. A line of levels was also carried from a bench mark
tthe Canadian Lock, previously established, to a bench mark on Dick Moores
-t.
le third camp was located between the Big and Little Carp rivers, about one-half
from shore. Moving from Davignons Point was done by team and wagon,
area covered from here was about 11 square miles.
>Te work was done from this camp than would ordinarily have been advisable.
Tor several reasons it was considered best to survey the Point aux Pins region
. here, and not to occupy this locality with a camp.
le more important reasons leading to this conclusion may be thus stated : Accord-
;o orders, the survey was to extend north as far as the bluffs, and this necessi-
l an inland camp. As there is only one road, which is very bad in places, leading
. Point aux Pins to the north, and as the bulk of the work was done at somedis-
e inland, it was thought best to complete the shore line and the lower portion
i^rshy country while oeing located at the Carp River camp, and then to move
a by wagon to the second line road, which was done October 23.
1 October 9 and 10 I continued the levels from* a benchmark on the baseline
, previously established, to about one-half mile east of Oros Cap, at the Indian
«ment.
L« plane table being the only instrument available up to October 12, was used
iisively previous to this time. The weather was becoming very disagreeable,
and rainy, so that the plane table was entirely abandoned as soon as a transit
placed at my disposal. Since October 12 the plane table was used only three
I, during exceptionally good weather, on shore line work.
le camp No. 4, on the second line road, was occupied from October 23 to Novem-
L4. During this time the party lived in a vacant house which they had rented,
reference to camping in tents. The plan was a good one, as there was much
. It kept the men in excellent health.
:M)at 13 square miles were covered from this camp, completing the stirvey to
bh Gros Cap.
"- this time continual snowstorms made the progress very slow, but the work was
krtheless continued to North Gros Cap, in compliance with the orders received.
I necessitated moving camp to South Gros Cap on November 14, and working as
weather permitted.
le larger portion of my camp outfit was moved to Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., via
It aux Pins^ in sleighs, and the party, took possession of Assistant Engineer
keirs camp, as Mr. Haskell was no longer in need of his outfit.
3e continued snow made the traveling very slow on the Gros Cap ridge, and as the
itry is thickly wooded there was much cutting to do, so that this work, covering
' about 2 square miles, was not completed until November 28.
essrs. John Conrick and C. E. Thompson walked to Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., to
>rt the completion of the work and that camp should be moved,
le first opportunity for the tng Myra to land at Gros Cap occurred on December 1,
n the remainder of the party and the outfit were brought back to Sault Ste.
le. The trip was very stormy, and one of the tents was blown overboard and
d not be recovered.
le plotted and inked field sheets, numbered 1 to 5, together with notebooks com-
ing the records of the survey, were filed in the office at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich,
le party was discharged and I returned to Detroit in obedience to a written order
I Col. O. M. Poe, reporting for duty in Detroit on December 3, 1893.
METHODS.
le plane table with stadia was used exclusively from August 14 to October 12, it
g the only good instrument provided for this work. From October 12 to com-
ion of the survey, November 29, a transit and stadia was used, with the exception
bree days. This transit had been used by AsHistaut Engineer E. £. Haskell on
triangulation work, aud became available just at the time the cold and wet fall
ther set in, and the plane table would necessarily have been discarded,
bile working with the plane table the various duties were distributed among the
ibers of the party as follows: The chief of party did the field plotting and took
station settings, directed the rodmon, aud planned the general course of the
k, besides looking up any doubtful matters. The recorder took the instrumtmt
itiogs for side shots, recording all readings in his notebook, while the chief
Id ])lot the readings and number the points as recorded, so that it was possible
lentify each plotted point in the notes.
3424 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U, S. ARMY.
Tliree rodmea did tho regular roddiug work aud the fourth carried the plane tah^*- 1 ^ .
Of the three regular rodinen the best man was selected as head rodman« the secoi^ »„J,.
best as side rodman, aud tho less competeut as rear rodman. The mau showiu^* ^'^^
least aptness was detailed to carry the instruments.
The tield platting was done in pencil and the sheets were executed in ink dutj"*^ V^
rainy weather and evenings. These field sheets formed a complete record oi* ** ?»
work, showing all fences, boundaries, shore line, waterways, dwellings, an*! **"
other topographical features of the ground, including 20-foot contour liiB-^^-
The notes, which contained only the data for tindiug the elevatious of the cout>o^r
points, were worked up at night by the recorder, and the elevations were t>l»*'i
written on the field sheet. When sufficient area had been covered in this man»**^
the contours were drawn. This method was found to be the most expedient wla^^
taking 20-foot contours on a scale of 1 : 10000.
It might be mentioned, however, that on very detailed work in mountaio.o'^"
country, where, say, 5-foot contours may be required and the work is platted oi^ *
large scale, it would be best to change the above programme and compute tho ^1«-
vatious with a slide rule while on tho ground aud draw the contours before lea^v^i^l?
a station. This method is necessarily much slower, aud though it was first adop'fc^^'
it was soon abandoned and the notes were worked up in camp.
A more4etailed account of the manner of doing plane-table work may not bo o*"
of place, and may be useful in fftture work on St. Mary's River.
The plane table was used much in the same manner as a transit in doln^ st»<l^^
work. A field sheet was cominouced by locating upon it one of the lines of the t^^*'
tiary triangulation system, for example, the course A A-AR» having previoi:*^^^
decided upon the area of country to be covered by such a sheet, so that the li**®
could be correctly drawn. This was usually done in camp. One of these statio**^'
as A A, was then occupied, orienting the table on the line A-B, and shots drawO._ ^^
all visible stations and prominent objects. The other station A ^^ 'w-as thenoccuj^i^*^
with the instrument oriented back on the line A-B, as before, and shots drawo- '^^
the same points as from the A A. This then located all the objects sighted, by inter^^^'
tion, assuming that the line A-B was correctly measured off on the field sh.^^*'
Such preliminary preparation forms a basis for checking all subsequent work: ^'^
the sheet, and also affords means to locate the position of the instrument w"l»^**
placed at any point in the field. _ -
The filling in of details on a sheet thus prepared was done precisely as it wo** *
have been with the transit and stadia, only that each point was platted immediftt?^*^
in the field and all details were drawn before leaving the ground. It was maii^ ^
practice to run polygonal lines between the points previously determined, t^l*** ^
checking both the original points, as determined by intersection, as also the pol^^
gon. In this way it was scarcely possible to introduce any error in the work.
The transit and stadia was used in the same manner as was done on the Mississi
River Commission survey, and the work was platted in camp and inked in the »«»
manner as the plane-table sheets.
RECOMMENDATION rIcGARDING METHODS TO BE FOLLOWED IN FUTURE WORlC -
The comparative utility of the plane table and transit depends entirely upon
character of the topography and the weather.
The plane table can be advantageously used only in open country and during
weather. Strong wind is a hindrance.
The transit can bo used in any countrj'' and in any weather in which men can wcf'
In open country, where there is much detailed topographical work, I should " ^^
that a party could cover about the same area, in the same time, with either in»^^^-,<t.-
meut; but the plane-table work would be platted, while the transit work would
In wooded country, or such localities where there would be comparatively fewi
shots, the transit has decided advantages, it being a much lighter instrument,
cially adapted to quick settings, and requiring no such care as is necessary to
vent the field sheet from becoming soiled or injured.
As may be supposed, my party was considerably delayed between August 14 _
October 12, the work being confined to weather which would not injure the pla^^-^^t
table sheets. I have estimated a loss of about twelve days between the dates jj^.-:p.j?
mentioned, on which transit work could have been done perfectly well ; but hav^ -^^
no other instrument, this time could not be utilized for tield work, and the men w^^^^^-
employed in the best possible manner preparing for future work. This time, th^
fore, was not an actual loss ; yet tho field work, which represented the real progr^^"'
was delayed.
This was the best part of the season, and between October 12 and November
there were only fourteen days which would have permitted the use of a plane tat^\^ -^
while with the transit only eight days were lost on account of severe ram and sn^^^
Btorms.
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3425
I't vould secDi, then, that a party ought certainly to be eqnippccl with a transit,
and, if practicable, to bo provided with a plane table to be used when opportunities
are ottered. .
I Bbould also recommend, if new transits bo purchased for future work, that these
l>oR8€ss some of the features of the Buff &. Berger plane table, that is, be provided
^'itli a teleseopo which can revolve on its optical axis, making 4he adjustment for
colliiiiatiou similnr to that of a Y*l6vel. The level should also be a detachable strid-
ing level as provided for the plane table. This will make the transit suitable even
for running accurate levels.
Tlie tangent screw for the horizontal movement of the plane table is a defective
mechanism, for it produces a lost motion in the screw and the ball and socket Joint.
Thia movement should be carefully avoided in future instruments. The only
perfect mechanism of this kind made up to this time is the movement which
MeHsre. Buff & Berger make for their transits.
It ^would be advantageous to have one or more of the stadia rods made to read 500
Dieters, instead of all to 400, as there is often great advantage in being able to read
long station distances.
It mi^ht also be suggested that the rates of pay of the jiarty be changed more m
Pfctportion to the duties imposed, and the following would seem a fair disposition to
fiiake :
~ I'er month.
Recorder $80
yoatlrodman 60
1 w-o side rodmen 50
«ear rodman $30 to 40
^<*ok 30 to 50
"^^ Ihe progress of the work is greatly dependent upon the efliciency of the head
roclrti^^j and recorder, these men should be carefully selected and should possess a
"I* Ivnowledgo of the work. The best men for this purpose are young engineer
•"^aeiits.
/^^'^Snbleto provide two recorders, both ol" whom should bo capable of doing instrn-
jjj^'^tjil wor.:. Such a party ought to be supplied with one rear and one head rod-
*^3^^ in addition to the above personnel. Both ii
^*^e field and each used to its best advantage.
j^^^ i n addition to the above ])er8onnel. Both instruments might then bo emplo}'ed
STATISTICS.
-if
^j^y *»i.«MMt of work done, — In attempting to state the amount of work done the only
,jj ^ "which conveys a reasonable impression is the area covered, yet this is very
j1^^^*^ 'tis factory, as the amount of work necessary to survey a square mile of country
rj^5~ ^ Vg very widely. 8o, for instance, the vicinity of Sault Sto. Marie, Ontario,
p^^ ^* i res vastly more detailed work than does the open marsh meadow on Point aux
A^«>
g*^ — ^ wuiiiu iimo Spent in the field was 109 days, of which 35.5-f-*"' — "-'-^ ''•".» '^ "^»«
a^^*^ t in actual field work. The time lost to field work =:109—&4.5=44.5 days, is
^^^ Unted for as follows :
J, Days.
Ho**^5}»y« i«
L,^ ^ ng camp o
X^ ^^ by rain while working witli the plaiu) table 14.5
**^ by rain and snow storms while using the transit 8
Total 44.5
^ '^^o*/ of work. — The following are the expenses incurred in equipping my j>arty and
^^^eying the above area on the Canadian shore of St. Marys River, between the
^J?Migwauk Home and North Gros Cap, between the dates July 1 and December 1,
ENG 94 215
3426 EBPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Inslruments ^ $305.00
CiiDip outfit 302.38
l*iovisioii8 369. 29
Labor, iDclading chief of party 1,899.98
Sundry expenses for traveling, etc 85. 36
•
Total 2,962 01
Of the amount thus expended the instruments and camp outfit are still available
for future work. Assuming a depreciation in value of the instruments of 10 per
cent and of the camp outfit of 50 per cent of the original cost, the following ivonld
represent the actual cost of the survey :
Instruments, 10 per cent of $305 $30.50
Camp outfit, 50 per cent of $302.38 151.19
Provisions, labor, and sundry expenses. .; 2, 354. 63
Total 2,536.32
$2 536 32
This gives the average cost per square mile of survey, .^' — =$63.41, including
all expenses incidental to the work. ^^
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
David Molitor,
Jasistani Engineer.
First Lieut. Charles S. Riciii^.,
Corpn of Enrjineere, U. S. A.
n. — report of mr. e. e. haskell, assistant exg1.\ee«.
United States Engineer Office,
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., April S8, 1894.
BiR : I have the honor to submit the following report upon the reduction of the
observations of the line of precise levels run by Messrs. £. J. Thomas and A. O.
Wheeler in June, 1892, between B. M. ''A" on the canal lock of 1881. at Sault Ste.
Mario, and the water gauge at Waiska Bay.
In my last annual report (p. 4359 of the Report of the Chief of Engineers, U. S.
A., for 1893) I made the statement that the elevation of the zero of the water gauge
at Waiska Bay should bo corrected by a minus 0.152 foot, tho difference in the eleva-
tion of B. M. ''F" and B. M. "A." From the final computations of the levels it
appears that Mr. Thomas must have had the elevation of B. M. "A" and called it B.
M. "F," so that there is no correction to the elevation of the zero of the gauge at
Waiska Bay as indicated iu my report. B. M. "F" is the only one mentioned in the
notes as the starting point for tnis line of levels, but the elevation of it or of the
bench mark used does not appear, which accounts for my being led astray in my first
interpret-ation of them.
In regard to the connection of this line of levels with the gauge at Waiska Bay
we ore dependent upon tho statement made in the field report, which is undoubtedly
correct, as to the elevation of its zero. In the notes there is no statement as to how
the connection was made.
In connection with the reduction of the observations I have determineil the con-
stants of the precise level, Kern No. 2, with which this lino was run and these new
values have been used iu the computations. These values are given below :
Wire interval between extreme wires equals 1«'.038 for a base of 100-f/-|-c where
/=0'".366and 0 = 0'". 177. Hence d, the distance, equals 96'».34 S-f 0".54 where a
equals any intercept on the rod.
The value of one division of the level tube of the striding level was determined
by means of a level trier, and found equal to 4". 801 ,
The inequality of the collars was determined by the striding level with the result
eye-end collar 0.53 of a division of tho level tube, or 2".544 larger than object-end
collar.
The observers were very careful indeed to make back and fore sights equal, so
that in the whole line of 14 miles of double lino run there is only two or three
stretches where any corrections appear. From my computations the zero of the
Waiska Bay gauge is 1.1497 meter8 = 3.7720 feet below B. M. "A," agreeing closely
with the value given in the field report of the work.
Thero were four P. B. M.'s determined, located at intervals along tho line, and the
elevation of these, together with the descriptions of them, are given below :
APPENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3427
£luvatiou above mean sea level of B. M. " A " on northwest ^vidc wall of canal lock
of 1881 =605.872 feet = 184.668 iKcters.
Elevation of P. B. M. No. 1 above enmo refoniicc = 642.007 feet = 195.682 meters.
Klcvation of P. B. M. No. 2 above hamo reference ;= 641.312 feet = 195.470 meters.
Elevation of P. B. M. No. 3 above same reference = 670.321 feet = 204.312 meters.
Klevation of P. B. M. No. 4 above same reference =r 648.027 feet = 197.517 meters.
Klovation of the zero of the Waiska Baj' gauge = 602.099 feet = 183.518 meters.
DESCniPTION OF nEKClI MARKS.
"P. B. M. No. 1 is tho top of a copper bolt Bet in the top of a large bowlder. The
bcwlder is 12 feet west from the center lino of the Dulnth, Sonth Shore and Atlantic
Railroad, and about 200y^rds north of the 3-milepost, and ismarked with the letters
XJ. S. B. M.y cut into the surface on tho cast side.
**P. B. M. No. 2 is tho top of a copper bolt in tho center of a stotie that is buried 4
feet deep. Tho stone is on tho west sido of tho Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic
Kailroaci, 30 feet west from tho center lino of the track and 45 feet noi-th of the 6-
mile post. A tamarac post, 6 inches in diameter, sets upon the stone, and projects
a'bout 16 inches above Ihe surface of tho ground.
•*P. B. M. No. 3 is on th(< west side of tho Dulnth, South Shoro and Atlantic Railroad,
21-5 feet north from tho9-milo post, and 31 feet west from center of railroad track.
It i.s tho top of a copper bolt set in a squaro stone that is buried about 4 feet deep.
A cedar post pets on tho stone and projects 16 inches above surface of ground.
**P. B. M. No. 4 is tho top of n copper bolt set in a stone that is about 18 inches
sqnare and buried 4 feet in the ground. The stone is 34^ feet north from the center
lino of tho Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railroad, and 192 feet west from the west
end of the railroad bridge across Waiska River, at Bay Mills station, almost due
north from the frog on tho branch line turning out to Waiska Bay. A cedar post 6
iuc-bes in diameter sets upon the stone and projects 2 feet above the ground. Tho
letters U. S. B, M. are carved in the south side of the post."
SLOPE OF THE RIVKR.
Tho Bay Mills gauge was read daily between 8 and 8:30 a. m. from June 6 to Sep-
tember 9, 1892, inclusive. The elevation of the mean reading from this series of
ol)servations, or the mean lake level for this period, equals 601.826 feet above mean
sea level. Tho gauge at the head of the canal at Sanit Sto. Marie is read daily at
noon. The elevation of the mean reading for the period given above is 601.412 feet
above mean sea level, making the slope of the river from the Bay Mills gauge to the
lioad of the canal 0.414 feet, or 0.037 feet per mile, tho distance between tho two
gauges lieing in tho most direct line by tho channel 11.3 miles. This determination
•of tiio elope for this reach is of course not as satisfactory as if the gauges had been
rend simultaneously, but can be considered a close approximation.
In view of the excellent opportunities offered at Point Iroquois Light-House for
c.stnblishingagiingoandthepossibility of having thelight-kecper read it daily for the
period of a year at least, I would respectfully recommend the continuing of this line
of precise levels from P. B. M. No. 4 to Point Iroquois Light-House. This distanceis
only 6^ miles ovrr a reasonably good road, representing not to exceed 4 days' work
for the ordinary leveling party. The angle party of the primary triangulation could
do this work at very small expense Avhile they aro tfccnpying ^ Iroquois, which is in
the vicinity.
Very res]>ec'tfully, your obedient servant,
E. E, Haskell,
AssiBtant /'Engineer.
First Lieut. Charles S. Riche,
Corps of Enginfei'8, U. S. Army.
3428 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
D D D 2.
reexamination of st. lawrence river.
' report of capt. smith s. leach, corps of engineers.
United States Engineer Office,
Burlington^ Yt,^ July i, 1S94,
General: I have the honor to transmit lierewith my animal report
on the reexamination of the St. Lawrence lliver under an aHotineut
from the appropriation for survey of Northern and Northwestern
Lakes, 189 \,
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Smith S. Leach,
Captaiuy Corps of Engineers.
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers^ V. 8. A,
An allotment of $4,275 was made May 2, 1893, and became available
on July 1 following. It was based on the estimated cost of a resurvey
of the main ship channel for a width of 2,000 feet from Lake Ontario
to the foot of the Brockville Narrows, at Morristown, a distance of 40
miles.
Owing to the very uneven conformation of the bed of this part of
the St. Lawrence the metho4 of isolated soundings heretofore einjiloyed
in all hydrographic surveys of a general character was inherently
defective, and several shoals not disclosed by the original survey had
been reported. It was desired to examine the part of the channel used
by deei)-draft vessels under such conditions as to leave no possibility
of points of rock which could be touched by vessels remaining undis-
covered. It was decided to emjiloy the method of continuous sweeping,
for many years in use in verifying the removal of rock to certain spec-
ified planes, but never before adapted to use on such a large scale.
The apparatus devised and the method of working it are described in
this report in a general way only, as the work remains unfinished and
some details will be modified in future.
A decked scow, GO by 15 feet, was anchored near mid-channel. Two
anchors, one backing the other, were used, and in placing the scow the
anchors were let go, the i)roper length of cable paid out, and the tug
made fast alongside, head downstream, and worked at full throttle until
the anchors held the strain without dragging. If they faUed to hold,
they were raised and thrown again a little to one side of their first
l)08ition.
At the stern of the scow the end of a three-eighth-inch steel wire
cable was made fast, and the cable was run out, with can buoys attached
at intervals of 250 feet, until 2,750 feet were in the water. Thif? part of
the cable was called the permanent radius, and was the shortest line
used until near the end of the season, when work was begun at 2,000
and finally at 1,700 feet Irom the scow. The last distance was found
inconveniently short for a full sweep of 2,000 feet, but that or even less
will do for narrow channels. At the lower end of this permanent radius
a thimble was i)laced in the cable, and a second cable, called the vari-
able radius, was made fast by a pair of sister hooks. The variable
APPENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3429
radius was arranged to take buoys every 175 feet, that being half the
length covered at each sweep. This length was selected in order that
the eyes permanently wired to the cable to receive the buoys might also
be the distance graduations, to avoid the i^ossibility of error.
The sweei) was comj)osed of a float or raft of cedar, in sections 20 feet
long, and of a line of 2-inch gas pipes of the same length, depending
from the float by wire cahles. The float sections were strongly and
flexibly connected, and the gas pipes were joined by toggles. The joints
of the pipe were vertically below those of the float, so that the whole
system consisted of a series of flexible i)arallelograms, each length of
pipe being always parallel to the corresponding sectio^i of the float.
Each of the suspending cables turned 90° over a pulley and was lashed
to a cable running the entire length of the float, called the " messenger."
By hauling on the *' messenger" all the suspending wires were lifted
equally and simultaneously, or in other words the line of gas pipe was
lilted parallel to its first position, but higher in the water.
Two sweeps were used, having 9 and 10 sections, or 180 and 200 feet
length. The tug was i)laced between them, the shorter one upstream,
and having the radius cable attached to its upper end. The axes of the
8weei)S were parallel with and that of the tug athwart the current.
Guy lines to bow and stern of the tug kept the system in the desired
position. The space under the boat was filled by a length of i)ipe
dropped over the bow and hanging from the gunwales, and which con-
nected the two sweeps, making a line of pipe 390 feet long up and down
stream and 21 feet below the low-water plane. At each swarth the
radius cable was lengthened 350 feet, so that there was a lap of 40 feet
to insure against gaps. By working the engine ahead or backward the
entire system was moved across the channel, running parallel to itself
and following the arc of a curve determined by the radius.
The indicating device was simple and very eflicient. At every sec-
ond suspending cable a stafi* w^as placed, submerged about 4 feet and
attached at its lower end by a si)ring-clip to the susi:)ending cable. It
was pivoted on the float in the plane of the cable and extended 6 feet
above the water with a flag at the top. It thus prolonged and made
visible the direction of the crable extending from the float to the pipe.
Itis plain that, if in moving across the channel the pipe met any obstruc-
tion, it would bo held fast while the float moved on, so that the sus-
pending wire, and consequently the staff's, would be inclined in the
direction of motion. The effect was very i^ronounced, the *' bowing"
of the staff's being i)lainly and instantly visible. The boat was stopped
in such cases and the messenger hauled in until the staff's resumed the
vertical position, which they did suddenly and with a movement not to
be mistaken. At that moment the messenger was stopped and the
position of a zero i)oint read on a scale which gave directly the dei)th
of the pipes below the datum plane. That depth was recorded as the
least depth on the shoal.
At the same time a buoy was dropi)ed on the highest point of the
shoal. At first the buoy was locat(Hl by transit intersections and quite
independently of the sweeping a])paratus. Observation of the accu-
racy with which the striking of knoAvn shoals could be predicted
inspired such confidence in the sweep as a position indicator that one
transit cut was abandoned, and locations were made by the arc
described by the point of the sweep where the shoal struck and one
transit observation. Under the latter method the transit station was
always chosen so as to rake the channel, thus making the lateral, or
most important coordinate, dei)end wholly on the transit.
3430 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
To check against any error from the dragging of tlio scow o^ucoor
during the sweeping a tell-tale biiov was anchored alongside the scow,
which showed any movement of the latter by casual observation.
Preparations were begun early in July, and the party reached the
point of beginning work at Sister Island on the 21st. After many
vexatious delays, tluo to storms, discourtesy of captains of vessels, the
novelty of the undertaking, and the incompetence of the crew of the
chartered tug the work was closed on September 19 at the head of
Brockvillo ISTarrows, 9^ miles from the i)oint of beginning. In this dis-
tance 14 new shoals were discovered, the positions of which were
reported immediately after the close of fieldwork.
Money statement .
July 1, 18i)3, amount aRotte;!, May 2, 1893 $4,275-00
Juno 30, 1894, amonut expeiuled during fiscnl year 4, 072. 57
July 1 , 1894, balauco unexpended 202. 43
July 1, 1894, returned to Troasnror, IF. S., January 29 $1G2. 43
July 1, 1894, returned to Treasurer, U. S 40. 00
202. 43
DDD 3.
ANNUAL WATER LEVELS OF THE NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN
LAKES.
Tridaily observations were made at Charlotte and at Oswe<;fo, N.
Y., on Lake Ontario, from. July 1, 1893, to Juno 30, 1894; at Erie
Harbor, Pa., Ashtabula and Cleveland, Ohio, and Monroe, Mich., o:i
Lake Erie ; at Milwaukee, Wis., on Lake Michigan ; and at Escanaba,
Mich., on Green Bay, from July 1 to December 10, 1893, and from
March 19 to June 30, 1894.
Daily observations were made at Saud Beach, Mich., on Lake
Huron,* and at Sault Ste. Marie and Marquette, Mich., on Lake
Superior, from July 1, 1893, to June 30, 1894.
Tlie accompanying table is a continuation of that published in the
Annual Eeport of the Chief of Engineers for 1893, Part vi., p. 4381 :
Monthhj vican of waicr lev dn for the several stations helow the planes of reference adopM
in lS7(u
Cliarlotto
Oswego
Erie
AHhtubulA
''levelaml
Alonruo
Milwaukee ; 3.39
Escnimba ' 3. 63
Rand Beach ' 3.50
Marquette ..' 2.84
Sault Sto. M.irio 2. 808
May.
June.
Feet.
Feet.
2.87
2.39
2.83
2.30
2.53
2.01
2.62
2.12
2.57
2.26
2,20
1.93
3.40
3.33
3.97
3.51
3.g3
3,53
2.61
2.3i
1 2.556
2,316
i
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3431
water level of lake erie.
report of lieut. col. jar ed a. smith, corps of engineers, for
the fiscal year ended june 30, 1894,
United States Engineer Office,
Cleveland J OhiOy July 9j 1894,
General : I have the honor to forward herewith record of water
levels on Lake Erie for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1804. The
records were taken at the light-house, Monroe, Mich., and in the harbors
at Cleveland and Ashtabula, Ohio, and Erie, Pa.
In connection with the record of water levels, I forward a report of
Mr. William T. Blunt, U. S. assistant engineer, upon the levels of
# 9 «
Lake Erie during the storm of October 14, 1803; also
copy of the map indicated in Mr. Bhint's report.
Yery respectfully, your obedient servant,
Jared a. Smith,
Lieut. CoLj Corps of Engineers,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers^ U. S. A,
water-level observations for lake ERIE FOR THE FISCAL
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
Monihlif mean tcaier levels for Monroe, Cleveland, Ashtahnla, and Eric harbors, exinessed
in ftet below the plane of reference adopted in 1870; that plane being the surface oj high
watej' of 1838 and ^.34 feet above the mean level, 1860 to 1875, inclusive.
18U3.
Harbors at —
July. An;;. Sept.
Feet.
Moirnio, Mich 1.86
Clevelaiifl, Ohio 2. 16
AHhtabula, Ohio 2.04
EricPn 1.90
Feet.
2. U
2. 50
2.50
2.45
Feet.
2.53
2.88
2.77
2.73
Oct. I Nov
Feet.
3.05
3.23
3.10
2.90
Feet.
3.55
3.G3
3.31
3.11
Dec
F*et.
3.51
3.55
3.31
3.11
Feet.
3.06
3.27
3.14
3.01
1891.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Jane.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet. Feet.
Feet.
3.11
3.07
2.50
2.20
1.98
3.39
3.30
2.90
2.57
2.2G
3. 25
3.23
2.03
2.62
2.12
3.20
3. 21
2.90
2.53
2.04
RKPORT OF MK. WILLIAM T. BLUNT, ASSISTANT ENGINEER.
Clevelakd, Ohio, June 20, 1894.
Sir: I havo tho honor to submit tho following report upon the variations in the
Hiirfaco of Lake Eric during the westerly gale of October 14, 1893:
preliminary and gicneral.
Tho extent of Lake Erie may be divided into three well-defined basins:
Tho west basin, west of the*** Islands," containing about 1,200 square miles, and
having a comparatively flat bottom at 5 to 6 fathoms when away from the imme-
tliate vicinity of the shore.
The main basin, between the ** Islands" on the west and the narrows at Erie and
Long Point on the east, containing about 6,700 square miles, and having a marked
shelving bottom deepening gradually to 14 fathoms.
3432 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
The east baain, east of the narrows, containing about 2,100 sqnare miles, and hav-
ing a deep depression of 30 fathoms just east from Long Point Island.
Between the main and east basins lies an extensive nat at 11 fathoms depth, with
only a narrow cut of 12 fathoms near the American shore.
Tho general axis of the lake lies east northeast and west southwest, while that of
the west basin makes a decided turn to west by north.
It is a well-known fact that a westerly wind lowers the water surface at the west
end of the lake and raises it at the enst end, while an easterly wind has the opposite
effect. Tho amount and extent of fall or rise varies with the force and extent of the
wind. A fresh local breeze will often change the level locally, while not afiecting
it materially in the open. A continued, general, and strong wind will have a gen-
eral eH^ct on the surface curve of the lake, lowering it considerably at the end
from which the wind blows and raising it somewhat less at the opposite end. The
variations due to this cause are most marked at the extreme ends of the lake,
notably at Toledo, Monroe, and Buffalo. At the mouth of Detroit River they
are tempered by the continuous supply from that river. At Toledo the record in
the past eight years show an extreme fall of 7^ feet and an extreme rise of 5 feet.
As my data are more complete for the west cud and for westerly storms, this report
will deal more fully with westerly gales and consequent fall at west end of lake
than with the opposite.
The variation in the shoal and inclosed west basin in a continued gale is much
greater than in the main basin. A high westerly wind for several hours will lower
the w^ater in the west basin 2 feet, as shown by gauge at West Sister Island, which
is well toward its center. This same wind will lower the water east of the islandB
only a few tenths.
This change of surface, due to heavy winds, has been many times remarked,
usually in a general way, but I have no knowledge of its ever having been dis-
cussed on the basis of deiluite data. It would seem that the questions involved
would not only be of great interest from a scientific standpoint, but would be of
vital interest to navigators as enabling them to correctly judge of depths and cur-
rents during a severe storm. My own observations at the west end of the lake for
the past eight years have convinced me that the subject should receive more than pass-
ing notice, and it is the purpose of this report to show a reason for that belief.
About once in each year, usually in April, a heavy noriheast storm occurs which
raises the water 5 feet at the west end of tho lake, and also once in each year,
usually in October, a heavy westerly gale lowers the water 7 to 1^ feet. These*^ two
storms are almost certain to come and to be attended by great loss of property and
life. Never until last fall have circumstances permitted mo to examine personally
or to investigate generally the conditions attending such storms.
CONDITIONS OCTOBER 14, 1893.
On the morning of this day, while the steamer Swansea was tied up without steam,
cleaning boiler, the wind freshened from northwest and all indications were for the
annual low water. As often happens in such cases, the day was full of drawbacks,
so that the boat could not leave the pier until 4 o'clock in the afternoon, at which
time the water in the river, 5 miles from its mouth, had receded to 7i feet below
mean level. A trip of unusual interest was then made to the bay. In the river, flats
were showing where a few days before we had found 8 feet of water. The banks of
the Straight Channel, where maps show 6 feet depth around Presque Isle, were 2 feet
out of water, and for 2 miles these banks showed above water perfectly straight as
if on a canal. Darkness came on as we reached the bay so that my intention of
photographing the view was frustrated. As we reached the main crib in the middle
of tlie bay we found the large Breymann dredge aground in the 17-foot channel and
a rellex current rushing back against the gale with such force that the steamer could
not be tni ned and had to remain there over night. By 9 o'clock the water had set
back to within 3 feet of its normal level, notwithstanding the gale continued.
It so happened that in many harbors we had inspectors at the time, but it also
unfortunately happened that none of them took special measuiements of the sta^eof
water, though I obtained from them, with the help of others, a very fair general idea
of it. The general level of the lake before and after the storm was 0.7 foot below
mean level of 1860-75 as used for our datum plane. This general level must of
course be used in discussing the effects of this storm. The variations from this level
at different points, together with notes showing their reliability, are given below:
APPENDIX D D D NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3433
Place.
A III hern tbnrg, inside
mouth of Detroit
River.
Mouroe
Toledo.
'West Sister Inland
Green Island
SaruluHky
Xotes.
Huron
Vermillion..
Black River.
Cleveland.
Fairport..
Aalitabula
Connoaut .
"Erie ...
Buffalo
Gauge maintaine<l by Gen. Poe; showed extreme at 4 p.
m., and nearly the same at 11 a. m. to 5 : 30 p. m.
Light-keeper measured at noon, — 6.2 feet, and thinks it
was about 0.6 to 1.0 foot lower in the afternoon.
Measured by writer at Adams street, 6 miles froni bay
Estimate at mouth of river, by api>earanoe of banks
Estimate by light-keeper at main crib in bay
Light keeper walked dry-shod around the X)icr, where
depth at mean level is about 6 feet.
Light-keeper saya SJ feet below usual; could have walkwl
around pier but for sea.
In8i>ector 8 estimate at pier, — 2.8 feet. Crib lightkeep<;r
took sounding in boat house; sounding afterward at
known stage gives —
Light-keeper says at least 3 feet below ordinary; others
same; could walk half way to light-house; soundings
Hhow —
Light-keeper estimateil 1 foot below bottom of ganj;e
Inspector rt entimate, 3 feet or more below mean level ;
others, 4 feet.
Regular gauge reading at 12 and 6 o'clock, each
All say very low; light-keeper thinks 8 to 10 inches be-
low former level.
Inspector's gauge : Noon, — 0.1 ; 6 p. m., — 1.3
Inspector's gauge : Noon, 3.4; 4 p.m., +3.4
Gauge reading furnished by Mnj. Ruffner as extreme
do
Time.
4 p. m .
Vari-
ation.
p. m
3 : 30 p.
5 p. m.
4 p.m.
p. m . .
m.
p. m
4 p.m.
p. ra
p.
p.
m
m
12 m..
0 p.m.
(12 m..
^ 4 p. in.
1 p. m..
10 a. m.
—5.0
—6.8
—6.8
—7.3
—6.8
—5.3
—5.3
—2.5
-2.8
—2.3
—2.8
-L2
— LO
—1.3
+ 3.4
2.6
5.3
It is also to bo noted that both Erie and Bnft'alo show a minimum gau^c of — 0.8
aiitl — 2.8, respectively, at 2 a. m., giving a range of 8.1 at Buffalo during this storm.
It '^vill further be notfd in the weather record below that at Buffalo the wind was
from the eastward until 2 a. m., and about the same at Erie.
A tracing accompanies this report showing a contour map of Lake Erie and a pro-
file of the water-surface curve along its south shore.
During this storm the weather conditions, as courteously furnished me by the var-
ious observers, were as follows:
Toledo. — Light easterly winds on 13th, rain in evening. Wind backed to north
and northwest about midnight, increasing in force, and blew from northwest con-
tinuously till 5 p. ni., 15th, when it became variable and dropped to 6-mile velocity.
Maximum velocity 38 miles northwest at 10:30 a. m., 14th; general velocity, 20 to 30
miles northwest; minimum barometer, 28.46, 2 a. m., 14tli.
Sandusky. — Easterly winds, 13th, light. Wind increa.sed and backed to northeast
in afternoon. High westerly winds from 2 p. m. to midnight, 14th, and continued till
evening, 15th, when shifted to northerly.
Cleveland. — Barometer, midni'^ht 13th, 28.33. At 7 p. m., 13th, increasing southeast
wind had backed to northeast 27 miles. At 8 p. m. backed to northwest and increased
to 32 miles; backed to southwest 35 miles and reached 46 miles west at 2 a. m., 14th,
and 48 southwest at 2 :40p. m., 14th. Minimum barometer 28.20 at 2 a. m., 14tli, then
rose steadily. Gale continued on 15th from southwest and northwest 41 miles max-
imum at 2 : 50 p. m.
Eric. — Wind southeast forenoon of 13th backed to northeast in afternoon. Barom-
eter fell rapidly. Windstorm began early in morning, maximum 34 miles south-
east at 4 : 15. Another windstorm began at 8 : 30 p. m. and reached maximum of 42
sotithwest at 10 : 40 a. m., 14th. High wind began 5 : 30 a. m.) velocity 30 to 35 miles,
maximum 42 sotithwest. Abated alter 2:30 p. m., 15th.
Buffalo. — From 5 p. m., 13th, to 2 a. m., 14th, barometer fell 1.05 reaching 27.89,
the lowest known here. Wind shifted from northeast to southwest i*t 3 a. m. and
blew a gale till after midnight, lUh, maximum 61 miles southwest at 4:10 p.m.,
13th. Gale continued till 4 p. m., 15th.
This storm is noted by the AVeather Bureau to have been a typical West India
cyclone, developing east of the West Indies. It was one of the exceptional cases,
when such a storm jiasses inland, the storm center being near ('harleston on morn-
ing of 13th with 60-milo velocity, immediately west of VVashijigton, evening of 1 3th,
38 to 48 miles velocity, thenco ])as.sing rapidly over Buffalo and being north of Lake
Ontario on morning of 14th. A very steep gradient existed on morning of 14th over
the whole country oa.st of Missouri River, which was not dissipated until even-
ing of 15th. Ordinarily all storms approach this region from tlie westward, so that
the gale does not commence i\t east end of the lake quite as early as at west end.
In this case, its whole fury struck Lake Erie over its entire lei^th at once. Its
3434 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
nuiisal coursu also produced the erratic pheuomenou of a "backiug" wind holding
steadily from one direction (see Toledo record) for forty hours. Many disastrooa
wrecks occurred, and it is worthy of note that Beveral of the worat were in tho
vicinity of the ^'Narrows," before mentioned, between Long Point and the American
Bhore near Erie and Dunkirk. The steamers Dean Bichmond and Wocokca and the
schoonerH C. B. Benson and Biverside were all lost during this storm, and all in the
same locality — at these "Narrows." Seven lives were lost with each of the schoon-
ers, which were considered to be seaworthy boat«, as both were in the grain trade.
Not a soul was saved from the Bichmond and but three from tho Wocokea.
CONCLUSIONS.
It will be observed that while few of tho heights are accurate, they carry sufficient
reliability to warrant a general discussion of the matter in tho light of this crude
data, and the hope that it will lead to the obtaining of more definite knowledge and
perhaps moro sound conclusions. A discussion of other points of interest than those
touched upon in this re]>ort, though tempting, is, I feel, iiardly justified by the data
now at hand.
It must also bo noted that all data wo have was recorded along tho south shoie of
tho lake and that tho times of record arc not coincident, though generally nearly bo.
Following now the profile of water and surface in connection with the above data,
wo find that in tho West Basin tho fall in tho funnel-shaped end, containing MonrtK-
and Toledo, was 6.8 feet; in the open it was 5.3 feet. In the main basin, immedi-
ately wo pass tl^ Island barrier, tho fall was but 2.6 feet for all points until Cleve-
land is reached at tho widest part of the lake. Hero we find a fall of but 1.2 feet,
and practically the same at Ashtabula. Between Ashtabula and Conneaut, a dis-
tance of 13 miles, wo meet a solid wall of water 4.7 feet high, there having been a
rise of 3.4 feet at Conneaut. At Erie the rise was 0.8 foot less than at Conneaut, ami
at Bufi'alo the highest point reached was 5.3 feet.
The question now at once arises, do these surface heights alon^ the south shore
correctly represent the heights of water in tho lakef Assuming it to bo so, that is,
that tho surface is level on each line normal to the shore, then the surplus water in
the eastern end of tho lake should be about equal to the deficiency in the west end.
Wo fipd tho line of no variation from tho normal stage before and after the storm to
have hern between Ashtabula and Conneaut. Tho area west of this lino is approxi-
mately 7,000 sqiaro miles, that cast of it, 3,000 square miles. In order to mako the
two quantities equal, the proportion of fall to rise should be as 3 to 7. The rocortl
of fall being more numerous, covering larger territory and to a fair extent agreeing
among themselves, we may assume a fall of 5.3 feet over 1,200 squaro miles, 2.6 feel
over 1,800 square miles, 1.2 feet over 4,000 square miles, to equal afall of 2.3 ieetovei
7,000 square miles ; which would give, if our assumption is correct, an average riwol
I of 2.3 feet = 5.4 over 3,000 squaro miles. This is not borne out by the data, as it is
as large as the maximum height at Buffalo, and twice as largo as that at Erie. To shox^
its absurdity, wo have really an average rise of perhaps 3.7 feet over 3,000 sqnaw
miles, which leaves unaccounted for a body of water amounting to 16,000,000,000 o
cubic feet, enough to supply tho ordinary outflow of Niagara for 20 hours. Thii
amount is beyond that already accounted for by the recorded rise at Buffalo, whicl
by itself would scarcely double the outflow even while it lasted. When wo conside
tho pressure which must have existed in connection with the change of elevation o
4.7 feet in 13 miles between Ashtabula and Conusant, and consider also tho immens
volume of water displaced west of them and not found to the eaetward, it suggest
the idea of an enormous eddy or swirl, more or less forcible, in that portion of th'
lake, the current setting down along the south shore and up along tho Cauadiai
side. Tho observations, though crude, seem to show conclusively that the surfac
of the lake is not level on the normal lines, but is much higher on the north shor*'
This is borne) out by the fact before mentioned that during tho height of tho gal
there is invariably a reflex current into the west pointof the lake, too strong to alloi
of tho belief that it is caused by the gravity of the " piled uj)" water overcoming th
force of the wind. It is a fact that most of the Lake Erie wrecks during a wrsterl,
gale are in the vicinity of the "Narrows." In an easterly gale, when these pecnlia
conditions do not exist, there is seldom a loss in that region.
Is it not possible that in these serious storms there are forces at work for destrn*
tion with which we are not familiar, and that a proper study would give the raeaa
for combatting them successfully ?
I beg leave to suggest that tho line of thought hero touched upon is importai:
enough to warrant further and more accurate study on the basis of definite dati
If tho conditions here suggested do actually exist, it will be of vast importance t
the navigation interests to know of them; and in order to gain tho information fc
a moro thorough and accurate discussion, I respectfully recommend that steps I
taken to have all light-kecx>crs on Lake Erie record the height of water three time
r>4
I
--^
^^l. . BSFQffC Amo
s. floojooo
£
APPENDIX D 1) D —NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES, 3435
daily, togethor wit'i ibo -wind directions and velocities, and to have special instruc-
tions issued that .hey shall n<»te any unusual conditions of weather or water. In
any prolonged and severe storm, particularly those of April and October, they shall
carefully note the extremes of water level and wind.
To be of any service iu a fnrtber consideration of this subject, the Canadian
authorities should bo requested, through the proper channels, to cooperate fully.
I am thoroughly impressed with the idea that such observations will boar fruit of
some importance at very slight exx>eu8e.
Very respectfully
Wm. T. Bixnt,
Aatii»tant Engineer.
Lieut. Col. Jarkd A. SiMiTH,
Corps of Engineers^ U. S, J.
water level of lake miciiican.
beport of ma j, james f. gregory, corps of exorxeers, for the
fiscal year ending june so, 1894.
United States Engineer Office,
Milwauikee, Wis.^ July 6", 1S94.
General: I have the honor to forwarti the accompanying plate* on
which is continued the water level curve on Lake Michigan for the fis-
cal year ending June 30, 1891, and to inclose a letter from Lieut. O. H.
McKinstry, Corps of Engineers, giving the monthly mean water levels
during the year.
• • • • • * •
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
James F. Gbegouy,
Major of Engineers,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engin^rsy V, S. A,
report of lieut. c. h. im kin8try, corps of kxgixejirs.
United States Engineer Office,
Milwaukee, Wis., July 6, 1S94,
Sir: I liavo the houor to transmit herewith the water-level curves* for Lake
Michigan for the year 1893-'i)4, from tridaily observations taken at Milwaukee,
Wis., and Escauaba, Mich , with monthly reports of observers.* Observations at
Milwaukee were taken continuously throughout the year; at Escaunba they were
discontinued from December 17, 1893, to March 18, 1894.
Following are the monthly means (feet and decimals below plane of reference)
'from which the curves were* plotted, the piano of reference being "high water of
1838."
StatinnH.
1893.
1894.
Juuo.
July. Aug.
Sept. Oct.
1
Nov.
I>ec.
4.48
at. 69
Jan.
4.47
Feb.
Mar. Apr.
Mav.
••
Milwaukee, "Wis
Escanaba, Micb
3. 39 3. 5r.
3.63 , 3.87
1
3.88
4.11
•
4.02
4.18
4.41
4.45
4.44
4.18 4.03
64. 34 4. 27
3.49
3.97
3.33
3.54
a To Decora! >er 16, inclusive.
b From March 19, inclusive.
The ** reduction to the plane of reference" at Milwaukee is — 0.61 foot; that is,
the zero of the gauge is 0.61 foot above the plane of reference. At Escanaba the
"reduction to the plane of reference" wns determined in 1877 to be — 0.76 foot
* Omitted.
3436 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
(Report of 1876, Vol. 11, p. 84; 1877, Vol. II, p. 1194), and tho monthly means from
that time until June, 1882, were corrected (reduced) by that amount. The observa-
tiouB from July, 1882, to June, 1887, were further reduced by 0.187 foot. (Report of
1887, p. 2417.) The observations from July, 1887, to June, 1892 (published in Report
of 1892, p. 3430), and tho observations for 1892-^93 wore reduced by 0.76 only. This
was plainly an oversight, and I would respectfully suggest the desirability of making
a further correction of — 0.187.
In July, 1893, the zero at Escauaba was tested by leveling from benchmarks in the
vicinity and was found to be 0.902 foot above the plane of reference. This correction
(0.902 foot) was used in reducing the observations of 1893-'94.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. H. McKlNSTIiY,
I\r8t Lieutenant of Engineers,
Maj. James F. Gregory,
Corps of Engineers y U, <S. A,
WATER LEVEL OF LAKE ONTARIO.
REPORT OF CAPT. DAN G. KiyGAfAX, CORPS OF EXGIXEERS, FOR THE
FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1894.
(For letter of transmittal see Appendix PP.)
Permanent gauges are established at Oswego Harbor and at Char-
lotte Harbor (at the mouth of the Genesee Kiver), and each has been
read three times per day during the year. They, show the lake level
to have been lower tbau usual at similar dates throughout the year.
OSWEaO GAUGE.
This gauge was established in 1837 by the United States Engineer at
Oswego at plane of extreme low water. The lake level has several times
since been at this plane, but never below it. The gauge is cut on the har-
bor face of the stone pier at the foot of West Third street, and is indi-
cated by an iron plate cut to feet and tenths and bolted beside it.
The zero of the gauge is referred to the top of an iron bolt in top ot
masonry of old Cxovernnient stone pier 0.5 foot from east face of pier,
3^ feet north of its intersection by the crib-work wharf, foot of the
United States reservation at the foot of West Third street, Oswego,
marked U. S. B. M. This bench mark is 7.75 feet above zero of gauge.
The zero of gauge, on plane of extreme low water, is 244.21 feet
above mean tide at New York. (See p. 609, Prof. Papers 24.)
Readings were taken daily at 7 a. m., 1 p. m., and 0 p. m. with obser-
vations of direction and force of Avind. The daily means were taken,
and a mean of three taken as a monthly mean.
Oswego monthly means above ejctrente low-tcater lereL
1893. 18i)4.
Feet.
July 2.98
An <j;uBt 2. 45
September 2.18
October 1 . G6
November 1. 25
December 1.13
#
Feet
January 1. i4
FobnuiTy 1. 62
Mareb 1. 92
April 1.97
May 2.15
June 2. 68
APPENDIX D D D — NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 3437
Oswego monthly means helow plane of reference for Lake Ontario water levels.
1894.
1893.
Feet.
July 2.00
August 2.53
September 2.80
October 3.32
November 3. 73
December 3. 85
Foot.
January 3. 54
February 3.36
March 3.06
April 3.01
May 2.83
Juno 2.30
CHARLOTTE GAUGE.
The gauge at Charlotte Harbor was established by the Lake Survey,
and is described in the Report of 1876 and iu Professional Papers No. 24.
The zero was lowered 4,5 feet in 1883 to coincide with the zero of the
Oswego gauge, at plane of extreme low water, and since that date all
readings have given heights above extreme low- water level.
The zero is referred to a bench mark on the upper side of the water
table of the old (now disused) light-house at Charlotte at the south-
southeast angle east of the south window, which bench mark is at
283.23 feet above mean tide at New York, and 39.02 feet above the zero
of the gauge, which zero is 244.21 feet above mean tide at New York.
The gauge is cut in feet and tenths in a wrought-iron plate, and is
bolted to an oak pile at the northeast angle of the west abutments of
the K., W. and O. K. E. drawbridge at Charlotte.
Headings are taken daily at 7 a. m., 1 p. m., and 7 p. m., with obser-
vation of direction and force of wind.
The daily means were taken and a mean of these as the monthly mean.
Charlotte monthly means above extreme low-water level.
1893.
Feet.
July 2.93
August 2.43
September 2. 07
October 1.63
November 1. 13
December 0. 94
1894.
Feet.
January 1. 29
February 1.51
March 1.88
April 1.95
May 2.12
June 2. 59
Charlotte monthly means below jtlane of reference for Lake Ontario water levels.
1893.
Feet.
Jaly 2.05
August 2. .55
September 2. 91
October 3. 35
November 3. 85
December 4. 04
1894.
Feet.
January 3. 69
February .3. 47
March 3.10
April...., 3.03
May 2.87
June t 2.39
APPENDIX E E E.
CONSTKUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF ROADS AND BRIDGES IN THE
YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.
r-eport of maj. william a. jones, corps of engixeers, officer
jn charge, for the fiscal year ending june 30, 1894,
United States Engineer Office,
St. Pauly Minn,y July lOy 1894.
General: I have tlio houor to submit herewith my report, in dapli-
cate, of operations for the improvement of Yellowstone National Park
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894.
Very res3)ect fully, your obedient servant,
W. A. Jones,
Major J Corps of EngineevH.
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Ungin^erSy U. 8, A.
The project for this work was adopted in 1883, when the control was
placed in the hands of officers of the Corps of Engineers, and cousists
in the construction and maintenance of about 225 miles of road, with
the necessary bridges, culverts, etc. The roads embraced in the
project commence at Gardiner, at the north boundary line of the Park,
thence to Mammoth Hot Springs; thence to upper Geyser Basin,
passing through Norris Geyser and Lower Geyser Basins; thence to
the outlet of Yellowstone Lake via Shoshone Lake and the west arm
of Y'^cllowstone Lake, crossing the Continental Divide of the Rocky
Mountains twice; thence to Yanceys via the Falls and Grand Canyon
of the Yellowstone Kiver; thence to Mammoth Hot Springs, complet-
ing the so-called belt road, with a circuit of about 145 miles. In addi-
tion, there arc projected a road from the west boundary line of the
Park, passing through Lower Geyser Basin and continued easterly to
intersect the road along the Yellowstone River to the Falls; a road
from Norris Geyser Basin to the Falls of the Yellowstone; a road from
Y'anceys to the east boundary line of the Park, and a number of short
branch rojids and trails from the above-named roads to objects of
interest off the main line of travel; in all, 225 miles of new road, about
20 large and 50 small bridges, with many culverts, etc. Estimated
cost, as revised in 1889 by my predecessor, $444,779.42.
The act of Congress approved March 3, 1891, changed the project of
the part of the belt line between Lower Geyser Basin and Yellowstone
3-139
n
3440 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,
Lake by requiring the road to be built " by the shortest practicab]
route" from Fountain Geyser to the Thumb of the Yellowstone Lab
This change did not materially affect the cost. 1
The act of Congress approved August 5, 1892, appropriated $45,O0H
and provided '* that $15,000 of this amount, or so much thereof as maf
be necessary, may be expended, in the discretion of the Secretary d
War, for the construction of a road from the Upper Geyser Basin toi
]X)int on Snake Elver where it crosses the southern boundary of tbe
Park."
Construing this act as the wish of Congress to modify the project bj
adding thereto some 33^ miles of projected road, the estimated cost of
my predecessor will be considerably increased.
A new estimate of the cost of completing the project was subnutted
January 25, 1894.
Total amount expended to June 30, 1893, including outstanding lia-
bUities, $379,779.42.
PROGRESS OF THE WORK.
At the commencement of work upon the project about 160 miles of
wagon track had been cleared, over which vehicles could, with difficulty,
reach the i)rincipal objects of interest in the Park.
This proj«^ct has now been carried forward to the point that good^
graded and well-drained, roads have been substantially completed over
the following lines:
(1) Prom the north entrance at Gardiner via Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris Basin U
Upper and Lower Geyser basins.
(2) From Norris Basin via the Grand Canyon to Yellowstone Lake outlet.
(3) From Upper Gevser Basin via the Thumb to Yellowstone Lake outlet.
Total, 127. 5 miies.
Besides this there have been abandoned the following short stretcha
for better locations :
MUM
At Norris 3
At Gibbon 2\
Marys Mountain road 22
At Fountain * U
In addition to the above-mentioned completed mileage, the following
mileage of wagon trail (line opened to admit the passage of vehicles, but
not graded and but slightly drained) has been in use and kept in toler
able repair :
MilM
Mammoth Hot Springs to east boundary 53
Lower Firehole to west boundary 33
Total mileage operated 215.5
In order that the whole situation may be presented in compact i^hape
1 will prelude a recital of the operations for the season of 1893 with a
general statement of conditions and project, taken from my report of
operations for the month of November, 1892.
A map is submitted herewith showing:
(1) The location of the various points of interest in the Park which are to be reached
by roads under the approved project.
(2) The various stages of completion of these roads.
(3) The work done during the present season.
(4) The work under the project which remains to be done.
• # * * * a •
14 PPENDIX E E E ROADS AND BRIDGES IN NATIONAL PARK. 3441
f For the part of this report here omitted, see rei)ort of the Chief of
[Engineers for the year 1893, pp. 4393-9543.]
SEASON OF 1893.
The following is a r^sum^, showing the operations for the season of
803:
In the month of April, having sufficient funds in hand for placing
he roads in readiness for the traffic which commences in June, I placed
small party at work upon repair in Gardiner Canyon. At this point
eavy slides from the mountain wall of the canyon come upon the road
n the spring, making the cost of mainteimnce excessive. At this time
he only portion of tbe system sufficiently free from snow to permit
perations was at this point.
. Beyond Golden Gate there was generally a depth of at least 5 feet of
8U0W.
About the middle of May I sent out Mr. Charles A. Hunt, United
States overseer, to take local charge of the work during the season,
with instructions to place repair parties upon the roads as rapidly as
the disappearing snows would permit.
In the meantime Mr. A. E. Burns, one of the watchmen, had been
dispatched upon a snowshoe expedition to cover the whole system of
roads, and report upon the conditions then existing. His report is as
follows:
With the exception of a few drifts there is hut very little snow hetween here and
Golden Giite. The grade around the hill approaching the trestle there is covered
with slide rock, hut no snow, as the wind sweeps it hare. At the upper end of the
trestle is a large drift, another much larger at the FalU ; the latter extends from the
bnmmit of the cliif on the west clear over the road, and falls for a distance of 50
feet. The first hridge on the flat is entirely huried, wii h the snow lying level away
np nhove the rails. Across the flat the snow is from 2 to 4 feet; on Indian Creek
bridge it is just 4 feet 6 inches, hut has hlown oif considerahly on Willow Creek
])ri(lge. All across the Willow Park the road lies under 4 to 5 feet of snow.
Vroin there on to Norris the snow is not deeper than usual at this season, 4 feet.
Much of the new road around Norris HiU is covered with drifts which will prohahly
leave the road hed very soft; hut ahout one-third of it is entirely hare, owingto the
warm ground. It appeared to me that the approaches to the new bridge at Noma
had settled to a considerable extent; if asmueh as I think, Vm afraid they will wash
out at high water; but in this I may bu mistaken, as it is hard to tell under so much
anow. From Norris to the Virginia Cascade the snow's depth will average about 4
feet; from there to the canyon, about 5 feet. The Gibbon River is a 11 open, so that I do
not ajiiirehend any danger to the road bidow the Upper Falls from the ice damming
up as last spring. I arranged with the care-taker at the Canyon Hotel to watch the
I
j 8U0W on the retaining wall round the road above the canyon, and to cut it off if it
t threatens the road at all. There is no ice at all in the rapids a
apids above the Upper Yel-
lowstone Falls; large snow banks are along the shores and on the larger rocks, but
the water, which is rising rapidly, is fast cutting it away. The bridge over the dry
draw at the foot of the Canyon Hill is supporting snow 2 feet above the top of thoside
rails. On the new road across Hayden Valley the snow is of course very deep, the
bridges over Alum and Trout creeks are covered level with the rails, and the grade
U]) from Trout Creek is one huge drift. On the Continental Divide the snow is so
deep that it is impossible for jue to form any idea of the roads there. Most of the
signboards we put up from Old Faithful to the West Thumb are under the snow,
at least I could only find two, and they were but a few inches above the snow.
SpringCreekis open most of its length, snow fell there heavily last fall, before there
was much frost, thus preventing the creeic freezing, and with the little warm weather
we have had, the snow over the creek has melted, leaving an open channel. This ii
very fortunate, as I believe the washouts there last spring were mostly caused by
ice dams, which are not likely to occur this time. Between the fire t bridge on the
Fireholo River (from Spring Creek) and the second the snow is from 20 to 30 feet
dtjep, making the river, which is open, look as though it is flowing through acanyon.
I don't think it will be ])ossib1e to get a team through there before July, unless it is
shoveled, or an exceptional i»oriod of warm weather arrives.
ENa 94 210
3442 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Around the Upper Basiu the snow is going rapidly, and there is hut little between
that point and the Fountain. From Lower Basin the snow lies from 3 to 5 feet deep,
bnt no very largo drifts. On Gibbon Meadows and Elk Park it is from 2 to 3 feet.
Based upon tho inforiQiitiou derived, I sent out a small party to
patrol on snowshoes the road across the Continental Diviile, to roj)air
the damages from melting snows in Spring Creek Canyon as fast as
they might occur, and otherwise keep me duly informed of anything
which might happen.
As a result of the foregoing arrangements, tho whole road system
was occupied by repair parties nearly as fast as tho snow disappeared,
and it was placed in a most excellent condition in time for the season's
traffic. The system adopted for keeping tho roads in repair worked
admirably; and as a distinct matter of fact, tho roads in the Yellow-
stone National Park, Irom the beginning to tho end of the season, were
never before kept in such thorough and satisfactory condition.
Particular attention is invited to the fact that these repair parties do
a great deal of work in the way of surfacing tho -Foads with gravel,
and in completing j)ortions of road which have been left unfinished
from former seasons.
A considerable i)ortion of tho roads was impassable from snow until
the middle of June, and the Continental Divide road was not passable
from the same canso until about the 1st of July.
During the first week m June Mr. Hunt, with the men in the office,
made a survey and location of a portion of the proposed road from
Mammoth Hot Springs to the Grand Canyon.
ROAD TO SOUTH BOUNDARY.
This work was executed by contract. In response to a public invita-
tion for proposals tho contract was awarded to Oscar Swanson, of Great
Falls, Mont., who commenced work about June 20, as sopn as the snow
permitted him to place his men in tho field. Ho executed hiscontract s it
isfactorily and opened the road for a distance of 15.5 miles south toward
the boundary. This portion of the line was carefully surveyed, and a
reconnaissance made at the close of the season to develop the quantity
of work remaining and required to open up the line to the wagon road
approach to the south boundary. The road can be oi)cned quickly and
at small expense.
BRICK- YARD HILL.
A very difficult piece of road in clay at this point was made over
again and surfaced with gravel. The material selected was not suitji-
ble, and this surfacing will have to be done again. A gravel suitable for
road covering should be of quartzy material and associated with sanl
and clay or loam sufficiently to fill the interstices of the hard material
and act as a matrix when it becomes packed.
NEW APPROPRIATION.
July 1, 1893, the new appropriation for $30,000 became available.
Preparation had been made for it by advertising for the delivery of
teams and material on that day. Also a site had been selected for a
sawmill which was to saw lumber for the season's work and for the large
wooden arch bridge above the Upper Falls of the Yellowstone River.
APPENDIX EEE ROADS AND BRIDGES IN NATIONAL PARK. 3443
SUPPLIES.
It Las beeu the invariable custom to i>urchase supplies and Lire teams
by publicly inviting proposals and purchasing from the lowest bidder,
making open market purchases oniy in cases of emergency.
The bids for teams were as follows:
Name and nddrcns of bidder.
H. J. Hoppe. Cinnabar, Mont
Chas. Cowell, Gardiner, Mont
A. L. Love, Li vin;;Btun. Mont
}L K. Klnmcr, Manmiolh HotSpiing;8. Wyo.
Oscnr Swanhon, ManiniothUot Sprintrs, VJ'yo
j. A. IIoHkinH & Co., Biitto Citv, Mont
ficorgo T. Yoiinir, Li vinpston, Mont
latrick Gillen, Helena, Mont
Tair,
Four,
Waeon,
l>er n.ay.
per day.
per day.
Cnits.
$2.10
$4.20
39
3.50
7.0U
75
3.40
«.80
25
2.20
5.15
35
3.38
0.70
50
2.49
4.98
20
2.60
5.20
25
2.00
50
Driver,
per day.
$1.33
1.
1.
«
1.
1.
3.
2.
60
35
50
50
50
50
50
The bids were lower than ever before on account of the financial dis-
turbance in the country.
WORKINa PARTIES.
Five parties were organized and x^laced in the field on tlie 1st of July :
(1) Olio at Norris to complete tlio new ca^*off road at that point.
(2) One at tbo Upper Falls of the Yellowstone Kiver to complete a very difficult
piece of road nlonj; the rocky face of the canyon.
(3) The sawmill and bridge crew at the Grand Canyon. This crew worked at log-
ging and running the sawmill for twenty-five days, and was then reorganized
to build the big wooden arch bridge above the Falls.
(4) One to proceed to the unfinished beach road on the lake, i)lacing the road in
thoroujjh repair, over which it marched on its way in.
(5) A general repair party.
BRIDGE.
About the middle of September the amount of funds set aside for
expenditure this season had been nearly expended, and all of the crews
were discLarged, except the bridge crew. This was held in hopes of
getting the bridge finished, but owing to severe Aveather and snow and
ice, which made it difficult and diingerous to work upon tlie lofty struc-
ture, it was deemed advisable to i)ostpone completion until next 3*ear.
The road above the Upper Falls was completed and the crew placed
upon the road from Grand Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs via
Yanceys.
The road at Norris was completed and the crew placed upon the nen
road at the Tonntain Hotel, which it opened to travel.
The road at tlfe beach was not completed, but it was carried forward
to such point that it can easily be completed in time for the bulk of next
season's traffic.
The repair party made efficient repairs over the road between Norris,
via the Grand Canyon and Lake, to the Thumb, and was merged with
crew at the beach.
SAWMILL.
The sawmill was kept in operation for sixteen and a half days, turn-
ing out an average of 5,800 feet, B. M., i)er day. An attempt was made
to get out drj*^ timbers for certain members of the bridge from standing
burnt trees. This involved much trouble and increased the cost of the
timber somewhat.
3444 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
BRIDGES.
A large trestle bridge was built near the Grand Canyon by the bri<lge
crew, but not quite completed.
The bridge over the Lamar Rivet having gone out with the sjiring
freshets a crew was sent in to rebuild it. This crew also did some repair
work on the road to cast boundary of the Park.
WORK ACCOMPLISHED.
Organization. — Six working parties, completely equipped for field
service with tents, tools, teams, and provisions, in local charge of Mr.
Charles A. Hunt, overseer, assisted by one timekeeper and two receivers
of material.
SUPPLY SYSTEM.
All supplies were assembled at Mammoth Hot Springs as a distribut-
ing depot. They were shipped in by rail to Cinnabar, Mont.^ and from
thence hauled 8 miles by wagon to the depot. From the depot the dis-
tribution was made by wagons to the working camps, in a systenmtic
and continuous manner. The distances hauled over by wagons were as
follows:*
To Norris 2S
To Fountain 48
To Grand Canyon 82
To Beach 64
# ♦ # * *• > >.
HL'MMARY.
New road completed miles . . 5. 4
New road opened to travel (nearly completed) do 16. 75
Earth excavation cubic yard&.. 32, 500
Kock excavation do 6, 350
Ketaining wall do 1, 005
Timber cleared and grubbed acres . . 63. 65
Large long span bridges (nearly) 2
BmtiJl bridffes (nearly) 9
Whole road system kept in good order and repair miles . . 212. 5
Well ])ainted cedar nule posts and sign boards placed over the whole of the belt
system of roa'ls except between Norris and Upper Basin.
"^ rermanent granite monuments set up at the lake outlet to mark the meridian and
astronomical point determined by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic ^>urvey.
KXPKNDITURKS.
Trial balance.
•
Labor $14, 769. 94
Team hire 7, 986. 4 1
Subsistence stores 3, 544. 54
Kailroad transportation 1, 817. 61
Material 2, 124. 22
Swanson's contract 5, 149. 85
Telegrams 29. 00
Miscellaneous -. 119 97
St. Paulollico 520.00
Total 36,06L54 *
Eng 53 3
1 y
APPENDIX E E E — ROADS AND BRIDGES IN NATIONAL PARK. 3445
KXPKNDKD UPON VARIOUS PORTIONS OF THE WORK.
Boad construction.
New road — •
To South Boundary ; $5,270.43
Near Norris 1,760.21
Near Foun tain 1, 856. 50
On lake shore (beach) 4, 911. 08
Above Upper Falls of the Yellowstone River 3, 737. 32
To Inspiration Point, being a part of the main belt line
from Grand Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs 1, 440. 37
$18, 975. 91
Large hridgcn.
Wooden-arch bridge at Upper Falls :
Foundation $361.29
Iron 1,184.98
Timber 2,566.24
Erection 3,956.76
Office and incidentals 1, 543. 18
9,612.45
Tre>tle near Lookout Point 256. 89
Crib work and round timber on Lamar River 846.96
10,716.30
General repairs.
Between Gardiner and Golden Gate ' 971. 57
Between Golden Gate and Brick-yard Hill 1, 122. 51
Between Brick-yard Hill and lake •. 2,025.20
Between Norris and Thumb via Fountain 2, 250. 05
6, 369. 33
36, 061. 54
New road 18,975.91
Bridges 10,716.31
Repairs 6,369.33
36, 061. 54
Maps are submitted as follows :
(1) Road map.
(2) Wooden-arch bridge. *
(3) Crib- work bridge over Lamar River.*
In the St. Paul office there has been completed a general relief mad
of the Park and the Forest Reserve, compiled from latest data. (Scale,
1 inch =s 2 miles.)
The subjoined report on the Park bridges is the result of a special
examination ordered by me, and is here entered for record.
FLOOD AND WASHOUTS, SPRING OF 1894.
During my inspectipns in April and May, 1894, I became aware of
an extraorninary volume of snow in the mountains that drain through
the Park, that fell largely during the months of February and March.
Early in May this snow had hardly commenced to move, and hence it
was apparent that it would go off very rapidly, creating unusual floods,
and 1 accordingly made such disposition as was possible to minimize
the damage. A patrol party on snowshoes was placed in Spring Creek
Canyon, and when the Hood came they were able to control lb com-
pletely, and no damage was done to the roadway through this weakest
point in our line. Another party was placed in Gardiner Canyon, and
another was put out w^here it could go either to Gibbon Canyon or Vir-
ginia Cascade and at the same time attend to repairs that were imme-
*Omittcd.
3446 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
diateiy required. Another party was sent to wateli the bridge over
Lamar liiver, which was in a very critical condition.
When the crash came it was far more severe tliau had been antici-
pated, and the mountain torrents, ah)ng the banks of which our roads
frequently run, rose to heights far above any previous record. In some
cases, where the banks of the torrents were the retaining walls of the
road, the latter was more or less submerged and the retaining Avail
carried away. In Gardiner Canyon bowlders of great size could be
seen rolling down the bed of the stream. Here the greatest damage
was done. About COO feet of retaining wall was carried away, and a
bridge located in a double bend caused the river to cut a new channel,
leaving the bridge along the bank on one side of it.
In Virginia Canyon the roadway was entirely submerged, causing a
damage that can bo entirely remedied in about ten days. In Gibbon
Canyon three washouts of the retaining wall occurred, which can be
repaired fully in ten or twelve days.
The bridges withstood the flood in a remarkable way. Several were
wholly or partly submerged In raging torrents which ran around their
extremities. The one over Lamar liiver spans a stream 156 feet in
widtli and the current, running at least 12 miles per hour, brought large
quantities of driftwood upon it. The watchman stationed here, with
such assistance as he could get from Soda Butte ranch, was kept at
work night and day cutting away this driftwood and letting it pass.
The water ran over the top of this bridge and around both ends of it.
The snmll rustic bridges across Blacktail Creek and East Gardiner
Kiver went out, but were replaced within a day.
Co '.sidering the great mileage of the Park road system and its fre
quent location in gorges and canyons alongside the mountain streams,
the damage done was comparatively slight. The passage of vehicles
was not suspended for more than a single day, and within ten days
travel was unimpeded over the whole road system; the Gardiner Can
yon bridge being replaced by alow stringer bridge and a ford. It may
safely be claimed that the damage was minimized by the precautions
taken.
Amount expended during fiscal year ending June 30, 1S9I, including
outstanding liabilities, $36,000.
AllSTRACT OK ALLOTMENTS ANI> APPROPRIATIONS.
JUoimenta.
Under tlio appropriations of —
1883 $23,570.03
1884 23,000.02
1885 23,209.37
Appropria Ho hb.
By act approved —
August 4, 1886 20,000.00
March 3, 1887 20,000.00
October 2, 1888 25,000.00
March 2, 1889 50,000.00
Au^rust 30, 1890 75,O<X).O0
March 3, 1891 75,000.00
AutrnstS, 1892 45,000.00
March 3, 1893 30,000.00
Total 409,779.42
APPENDIX EEE ROADS AND BRIDGES IN NATIONAL PARK. 3447
Money statement,
July 1, 1893, balance unexpended $38, 810. 56
Juno 30, 1894, aniount expended during fiscal year 37, 170. 41
July 1, 1894, balance unexpended 1, 6A0. 15
July 1, 1894, outstanding liabilities 1, 610. 15
Amount apiiropriated by act of August 18, 1894 30, 000. 00
Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 30, 000. 00
J Aniount (estimated) required for completion of existing project *130, 000. 00
> Amountthat can be profitably expended in fiscal yearendingJuuc30,1896 150, 000. 00
report of mr. ciiarlks a. hunt, overskkk.
United States Engineer Office,
Mammoth Hot Spi'ings, Wyo.y July :?5, 1S9,1.
Major: I have the honor to maKO the following report upon the condition and
character of bridges in Yellowstone National Park. The first bridge upon entering
the Park is at the crossing of the Gardiner Kiver.
I.4>cation of brfdu*^.
'Length.
At tho crofiflin^ of Gardiner
RWer, 1| miloH from the town
of GardiDcr.
Ov»*r drj' run, 23 niilea from
Gardiner.
OverGardinor River, J)J niik^s
from Gardiner.
At Golden G.ite. :J miles from
MnniTnotli Hot Springs-
Over small creek at top of
Golden (iatc Hill, 3J miles
from Mammoth Hot Springs.
Over small creek outlet of Swan
Lake, 4^ miles from Mam-
moth Hot Springs.
Over Indian Creek, or Gardi-
ner River, 7 miles from Mam-
moth Hot Springs.
Over Willow Creek, 7i miles
from Mammoth Hot Springs.
Oversmall creek emptving into
AVillow Creek, a little over 7^
miles from Mammoth Hot
Spriiura.
Over Willow Creek, leas than
10^ miles from Mammoth Hot
Springs.
Over Obsidian Creek, near Ob-
sidian Clifl', 11} miles from
Mammoth Hot Springs.
'Two bri<lgcs on old road at
Norris, (1).
(2)
Over <7iblK)M River at Norris.
1^$ miles from Mammoth Hot
Springs.
Ouo 8-foot, ono 16-foot, and
two 32-foot log bridges, built
in 1884 over small creeks, near
hot ftprings and about 1 mile
down Gibbon Canyon from
GSblmn Meadows. All in fair
condition.
Width.
Character.
Feet.
88
22
lOG
220
IG
Condition.
Ft. in.
14 4 I
07
16
16
30
30
20
30
Log bridge, except flooring;
3-span King truss.
Goo«l.
14 4
I
14 4 ;
14 4 I
14 4
Log: 1 span, with support in , Good, except needs
middle. i flooring.
3 span King truss ; log, except j Good,
tioor. !
Half- bent trestle, anchored
into cliff.
10 14 4
14 4
30'! 14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
Log or pole bridge, with plank
flooring.
1-log span, with plnnk floor.
Queen truss ; 45-f(iot span, np-
])roach of 22 feet.
Do.
l)o.
Do.
Do.
King truss (iood.
One long span ; plank floor. .
,do
King truss .
Do.
Do.
Do.
Log; King truss: i)lank floor.', Fair.
Log : log span ; plank floor ' Fair.
King truss ; pole floor \ (iood ; built 185)2.
According to estimate of 1889, which was too low.
3448 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Location of bridj^e
Over Gibbon River, nbout 2J
niilea nbove Gibbon Faila.
Over Gibbon Kivor, nbinit IJ
milcBabovo Gihlwn Fallo.
Over Gibbon liiver, about 1
niilo bcbiw Gibbon Falls.
Over Firehole River, nbout 1§
niilea toward old FIrohole
Hotel, from Excelsior Gey-
Rer on old road.
Over Firehole Wiver, a1>out 1
niilo from ExcelNior Geyser
toward Upper Basin.
Over Fireholo River, nbout 1
mile from Old Faithful
toward Fountain.
Over Firehole, about J mile
fn)m Old Faithful toward
West Thumb.
Over Fireholo River, about 21
miles from Old Faithful
toward West Thumb.
Over Fireholo River, nbout 3h
miles from Old Faithful
toward West Thumb, near
mouth of Spring Creek.
Over ravine, about OJ miles
frtmi Old Faithful toward
We.«it Thumb.
Over smnll run, about 1^ miles
from Junction of roads at
West Thumb toward Upper
BaMin.
(ver head of ravine, about }
mile from Junction of roads
at West Thumb toward
Upper Basin.
Atoutlutof creek, alM>ut2mlle8
from Junction of roads at
West Thumb to want Lake
Hotel.
Over creek, about 3i miles
from Junction of roads at
West Thumb toward Lake
Hotel.
Over creek, about 4 miles from
Thumb towanl Lake Hotel.
Over creek. about 91 miles from
Thumb toward Lake Hotel.
Over creek, about 101 miles
from Thumb towarct Lake
Hotel.
Over run, about ll|{nii]es from
Thumb toward Lake Hotel.
Over small run, about 14A miles
from Thumb toward Lake
Hotel.
0\ er small run, about 15} miles
from Thumb toward Lake
Hotel.
Over en*ek. about 16 miles from
Thumb towanl Lake Hoti^I.
Overoutletof creek into Bridge
Bay. about 16J miles from
West Thumb toward Lake
Hotel.
Over creek, alwmt IJ miles from
Lake Hotel toward Thumb.
Over creek, about J mile from
Lake Hotel toward West
Thumb.
Over small run, about i mile
from Lake Hotel toward
Thumb.
Over small run, al>out 500 feet
from I^ako Hotel.
Over creek, about J mile from
Lake Hotel toward canyon.
Over small creek, about 2*milea
from Lake Hot«l toward can-
yon .
Over small creek, about 2^ miles
from Lake Hotel toward can-
yon.
lA'<Ugth.
Width.
Feet.
84
Ft. in.
14 4
96
14 4
48
14 4
70
14 4
112
14 4
• 75
14 4
35
14 4
57
U 4
Character.
29
61
64
64
32
16
160
104
16
16
32
16
16
96
32
16
16
10
20
16
Queen truss made fnmi hewed
timber.
Trestle of sawed timber
Condition.
Good ; built 1884
Goo<l ; built 1889.
Logbridge with woollen pier.H ! (Jood: built 1892.
and abutments.
Two span ; King tnisM Good.
Low trestle of 7 bents.
(Tood ; hewod tim-
ber; built 188G.
Two spans with approach : (iood.
Queen truss ( } ood ; built 1892.
14 4 Double King truss of sawed
I timber.
14 4 King truss of saweil timl)er . .
14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
16 I 14 4
14 4
Log piers and abutments;
decked with sawed timber.
Log trestle with plank floor .
Do.
Do.
Good; built ia9L
Good ; needs li»nd
rails;' built l2i9l;
needs more ]»lank
1 on deck.
-do Good; needs hand
rails; built 1891.
Low trestle; sjiwcd timber..
Do.
One span; log abutments i Good; built 1891,
with i»lank floor.
.do
14 4 I Trestle, about 50 feet high.
14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
Trestle
Do.
Do.
Do.
One span; HawtHl timber ; Good; needs
abutments. hand rails.
do Good.
new
Twobcnt«; abutments sawed | Go<»d; needs now
timber. hand rails.
14 4 : One span: sawed timber
I abutments.
14 4 1 do
Do.
Good.
14 4 ! Trestle j GckkI; needs new
I baud rails.
14 4 [ Two spans and bent j»f Hawed ' Good,
timber; two abutments.
14 4
14 4
14 4
18
14 4
One span; sawed timber (iood: hand rails
; need repairing.
.do
Do.
One span with sawed timb<*r Good; built 1891.
abutments.
Log I »u.
do
Do.
APPENDIX E E E — ROADS AND BRIDGES IN NATIONAL PARK.
3449
L<ication of bridse
Over diy rnn, altont 1 mile from
rapidtt towsinl Lako Hotel;
ra;ii(U Itetween Mud Gt^yner
nntl Like.
Over Antelope Creek, between
Mi:<l (ieyser and canyon.
0^e^ Trout Creek, between
Mud (Jeysor and canyon.
Ov€'r .Sulphur Creek, about 5
niileH from canyon toward
Lake TTotel.
Over Alum Creek, about Ak
milcH from canyon toward
hike.
Over small run along Yellow-
Htnno Kivcr, about 3 mileH
from canyon toward lako.
Over dry run, about 2J milen
from canvou toward lako.
Cver Hniafl crei'k, about 21
ntilca from canyon toward
lake.
Over ( )tt©r Creek, about 2 miles
from C/inyou toward lake.
Over amall creek and ravine
at fork of road to Norrin and
lake, .'ibout 1 mile from can-
yon IIot4^1.
Cver small creek, about 1^
miles from C'anyou Hotel ou
new road by Ujiiwr Fa) 1a.
OverCrystall'alU.alwut |mile
from C'auyon Hotel.
Over Gibbon Kiver, about J
mi!c above \' irginia CaMcade.
Over Gibliou Kiver, about i
mile from Norris toward
canycm.
Over outlet of Bridpo Creek.
about ICJ mile.H from Weat
Thumb toward Lako Hot^d.
Lcu«tb. Width
Feet.
16
16
16
64
80
16
32
112
112
96
Character.
Condition.
Ft. in.
U 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
77
16
20
10
16 14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
14 4
Log
Go<m1; needM hand
ruiU; built IBHI.
One 8pan ; sawed timber Good ; built 1891
do
Trentle; sawetl timber.
Trestle; hewe«l timber, e\- j
eejJt tloor.
One hpan ; Hawed timber
14 4 I Two span .
14 4 Trestle . . ,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
14 4 Low tre.Htle.
Do.
14 4 Treatle, about 40 feet high .. . CuwA.
One span G<Mid; nee<l8 hand
rails: built 1892.
Queen t russ, 45 feet Good.
One span ; log abutments Do.
do Fair.
One span; Hawed timber abut- Good,
meuts. I
In conuection witli theso bridges I will state that there are a great number of
culverts, from 2 to 6 feet in len«^th, that do not appear in my report, as you bad
instrncted mo to report on bridges. I made no note of theso culverts in rejjard to
locaticm. There are but a few which need repairing, and I am having that done as
fast as wo can get to them. I would have reported on these culverts had I not been
ptiHhed for time, but if you wish report on them I will look them up.
Respectfully submitted.
Chah. a. Hunt,
U. ^'. Overseer.
Maj. W. A. JoXKS,
('orp» of Engimersj I\ S. A., St. Paul, Minn.
{
APPENDIX F F F.
EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS IN MILITARY DEPARTMENTS.
F F F I.
EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI.
ayyvjl uefout of capt, william l. marshall, coups of engl
neers. for the fiscal year exding june so, 1804.
Engineer Office,
Headquarters Department of the Missouri,
Chicago, III,, July 18, 189 L
Sir: 1 have the honor to submit the following report as engineer
oflBecT of this department for the year ending June 30, 1894:
Previous to August 26, 1893, the office was in charge of First Lieut.
Cassir.s E. Gillette, Corps of Engineers, and on the same day I was
assigned to duty iu accordance with paragraph 8, Special Orders No.
190, clatnl headquarters of the Army, 4.. G. O., Washington, IX O.,
August 19, 1893.
No field work has been done during the year.
The office force has consiiited of one general service clerk, Frederick
A. Petersen.
The office work has consisted in the preparation of maps, tracings,
reproductions, etc., for the use of the department commander and other
otiticers connected with the headquarters.
During the year there have been prepared 14 original drawings and
tracings, issued 11 maps, and 3 maps mounted and corrected to date.
In April of this year an order was issued from hea^lquarters of the
Army to have contour maps made of the posts of Forts Leavenworth,
Mackinac, Sill, Supply, and Wayne, under the direction of the engi-
neer officer of the department. In a letter of April 10, 1894, to the
adjutant-general at these hciulquarters, I recommended that the follow^
ing officers be instructed to make the necessary surveys and maps under
my direction : St^cond Lieut. James A. Ryan, Tenth Cavalry, for Fort
Leavenworth ; First Lieut. Woodbridge Geary, NineteentTi Infantry, for
Fort Mackinac; Second Lieut. John H. Parker, Thirteenth Infantry, for
Fort Sill; Second Lieut. H. L. Threlkeld, Thirteenth Infantry, for Fort
Supply; and Second Lieut. Truman O. Murphy, Nineteenth Infantry,
for Fort Wayne.
First Lieut. W. Geary, Nineteenth Infantry, and Second Lieut. T. O.
Murphy, Nineteenth Infantry, have re])orted to me, and I have furnished
them with the netjessary instruments and instructions for doing the field
work at their respective posts.
3451
3452 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Second Lieut. John H. Parker, Thirteenth Infantry, having previously
been directed by the commanding officer of Fort Sill to make a contour
map of that post, has prepared one which will answer the purpose, when
some corrections of the contour lines have been made in the western
fart of the mai>.
Second Lieut. F. H, Sargent, Seventh Infantry, was detailed to make
the map of Fort Leavenworth, and reports on the 29th ultimo that about
half the field work is finished.
Second Lieut. H. L. Threlkeld, Thirteenth Infantry, reports that he
finished the map of Fort Supply on the 29th ultimo. On the 2d instant
the map was sent to the chief quartermaster of the department, from
whose office it was forwarded to the Quartermaster-General of the Army
without reaching this office for examination.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. Marshall,
Captain, Corps of Engineers,
Engineer Officer Department of the Missouri,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers, V, 8. A,
F F F 2.
explorations and surveys in the departmenl of the columbia.
report of maj, tully m'crea, fifth united states artillery,
for the fiscal year endixa june. so, 1894,
Engineer Office,
Headquarters Department of the Columbia,
Vancouver Barracks, Wash.^ July 12 j 1894,
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations
of the engineer office. Headquarters Department of the Columbia, for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894.
field work.
Survey and levels for a system of sewers for the sanitary drainage
of the officers' quarters at the Vancouver barracks supply depot.
Survey and levels for the surface drainage of the low ground on the
southeast portion of the V^aucouver Barracks Military Eeservation
subject to overflow from high water in the Columbia River.
Survey and levels for the improvement of the grade of the skirmish
range at Vancouver barracks and the supervision of above work for
completion of the same.
Survey of the roads used by the public through and adjacent to the
Vancouver Barracks Military Reservation.
At Forts Townsend, Sherman, Walla Walla, and Spokane surveys
are being made to obtain the data necessary for the preparation of
contour maps for the use of the Quartermaster-General of the Army.
office work.
The office work has consisted in the preparation of maps, plans, trac-
ings, and blue i)rints for the use of the staff officers at these head-
quartersj the posts in the department, and troops in the field; the
APPEKDIX F F F EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS. 3453
revision of tlie department map, and the collection of information in
regard to the Indian and military reservations in the department.
General service clerk Charles A. Homan was sent to Olympia and
Seattle, Wash., for the purpose of consulting the land office records
there and to determine and report what portions of each, of the military
reservations in the Puget Sound country are covered by adverse title
or possession. He also obtained considerable information from the
office of the surveyor-general at Olympia in regard to the progress
of recent surveys in the State of Washington.
During the year there have been prepared 11 original maps and
plans, 13 tracings, 35 solar prints, 45 reservation and township plats,
412 maps mounted on linen, and 155 maps of the department issued.
In addition to the above, many reports on different subjects have been
made to the department commander and other miscellaneous work
done. ^
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
TULLY McCrea,
MajoVj Fifth Artillery^ Acting Engineer Officer,
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers^ U. 8. A,
F F F 3.
explorations and surveys in the department OF CALIFORNIA.
annual report of lieut, charles g. lyman, second cavalry,
a. d. c.y for the fiscal year ending june 30, 1894,
Engineer Office,
Headquarters Department of California,
San Francisco^ Cal.j July J26, 1894,
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the following report of
operations for the fiscal year ending Juue 30, 1894:
Since rendering my report for the last fiscal year I have been in charge
of this office, and C. Winstanley, general-service clerk, has been contin-
uously on duty as topographer and draftsman.
The office work has involved the preparation of original drawings;
tracing and blue-printing of maps, etc., for the use of these headquar-
ters and of posts in the department; the distribution of maps, and the
care and preservation of the surv^eying instruments in store.
Maps have been prepared and mounted to supply the difi'erent offices
at these headquarters and at the depot in this city.
Instruments have been furnished to the different posts, to troops in
the field, and to the quartermaster's department when required.
No field work of any importance, with the exception of the survey of
a road on the Presidio Reservation for the depot quartermaster, has
been entered into during the year.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Chas. G. Lyman,
Second lAeut.j Second Cavalry, A, D, C, in Charge of Offi>ce.
Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey,
Chief of Engineers, U. 8. A.
L Js^^W S
AFFECTING
THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS,
UNITED STATES ARMY
FIFTY-THIRl) CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION,
1893-'94.
luA^^WS
AB'FECTING
THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY.
Fifty-Thikd Congrkss, Second Session, 1893-'94.
PUBLIC ACTS.
^ 12. — An Act To amend an Act of Congress approved May Jauunry 22,
twelfth, eighteen hundred and ninety, granting to the Aransas Pass ^^*'
Harbor Company the right to improve Aransas Pass.
. Be it enaxiied by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress asHemhied^ ^'^^^* njfiiw"** ^***
the Aransas Pass Harbor Company, which is engaged in Timo for con-
the improvement of Aransas Pass under the provisions J^^indef. ^**^^
contained in an Act of Congress entitled ''An Act for the voi. 26," p.ioe.
im])roveuent of Aransas Pass," approved May twelfth,
eighteen hundred and ninety, is hereby relieved from the
conditions of said Act which require the construction of
said work to bo commenced within one vear from the
date of its ai)proval and to be diligently prosecuted by the
expenditure of at least three hundred thousand dollars per
annum thereafter, and to secure a navigable depth over
the outer bar of fifteen feet of water within three years
after the date of approval of said Act, and of twenty feet
within five years from said date; and the said company
is hereby authorized to continue and complete its work of
improvement as set forth in said Act: Provided^ That work rrovUo.
shall be resumed by the said Aransas Pass Harbor Com- ^Sk."""^*"*"" *"'
pany within six months from the date of approval of this
act, and shall be diligently prosecuted to completion, and
said (!ompany shall secure a navigable depth over the outer
bar of at least twenty feet of water within two years from
the date of approval of this act. And in the event of said Revocation on
company failing to resume said work within the said six ^**^"^*^'
months, or failing to diligently prosecute the same, or to
secure a navigable depth of twenty l^et of water over the
outer bar within the time require<l by this act, then Con-
gress may revoke the x)i ivileges herein granted in relation
to said improvement.
Sec 2. That the right of Congress to alter, amend, or Amendment,
repeal this act is hereby reserved.
Approved, January 22, 1894.
3457
ENG 04 217
3458 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEEK8, U- S. ARMY.
January 22, 1894. CHAP. 15. — Au Act To authorize the construction and maintenance
of a dam or dams across the Kansas River, within Shawnee Coirtity,
in tho State of Kansas.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Kanftas iiiver. of the United Statcs of America iu Congress assembled^ That
untirorizc.r'^^i n the Obicaf»o-Topeka Light, Heat, and I^ower Company, a
siiuwucc coun corporation organized under the laws of the State of llli
*^ nois, its successors and assigns, be, and they are hereby,
authorized and empowered to construct and maintain a
dam or dams across the Kansas Kiver, at any suitable
place or places within the county of Shawnee, in the State
rrovuoy. of Kausas: Provided^ That on notice by the Secretary of
lumovai, etc. War that said dam or dams are material obstructions to
navigation, said dam or dams shall be at once removed,
or suitable lock or locks provided by the owner or owners
thereof at his or their expense, so as not to interfere with
w^*socretory ^o'f ^ And lyroHded further j That if after due and
w*^r- sufficient notice in such case the owner or owners of said
dam or dams shall neglect or fail to provide suitable lock
or locks, or otherwise modify or remove said obstructions,
in such manner as the Secretary of War may direct, the
said Secretary is hereby authorized and directed to cause
suitable lock or locks to be provided, or said obstructions
to be removed or modified at the expense of the United
States, and to institute proceedings against the person or
Vox • of pci'sons or corporation owning or controlling said dam or
oxplnne."^ duuis for tlio Tccovcry of the expense thereof before the
circuit court of the United States in and for the district iu
which said dam or dams may be located.
coinmencemeut "^^Q,, 2. That thc dam or Jaius herein provided for shall
ana completion. , i«xi' ^xiixr* i
be connnenced within one year from tho date of approval
of this act and completed Avithin three years, under i>enjilty
of the forfeiture of the franchise herein granted.
^Amendment, Se^^ 3^ That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, January 22, 1804.
Januajy 22, 1894. qHAP. 18.— An Act To amend an Act approved SeptcniUcr fonrtli.
eighteen hundred and ninetj', authorizing the New Orleans, Natchez
and Fort Scott Railroad Comjiany to construct two briilgcs across IJotMif
River, in Louisiana.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Beprcsentatires
^Koenf Kivcr, o/ t/tc United Statcs of America in Congress assembled^ That
Tiinofori>ri(is the Act appiovod September fourth, eighteen hundred and
ingoNtciidod. ninety, entitled '*An Act to authorize the construction of
two bridges across Boeuf Iiiver, Louisiana," be, and is
hereby, amended so that the time within which tho actual
construction of said bridges may be commenced is hereby
extended for the period of one year from thc date of tti
approval of this Act.
Approved, January 22, 1804.
Vol. 2C. p. 423.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3459
^ 19. — An Act To authorize the Chattanoofi^a Western Railway January 27, 18W.
Company to constrnct a bridge across the Tennessee River near Chat-
tanooga. •
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled j That Chattanooga
the Chattanooga Western Railway Comi)any, a corporation w a y^^^ompany
created and organized nnder the laws of the State of Ten- may bridgo Ten
nessee, be, and is hereby, anthorized to construct and main- chiu tano^ga,
tain a bridge, and approaches thereto, over the Tennessee '^'*^""-
Kiver, at or near the city of Chattanooga, in the county of
Hamilton, State of Tennessee, which shall be so constructed
as to i)rovide for the passage of railway trains, locomo-
tives, passenger and freight cars on, over, and across the K«iiway bridgo.
same. And the right is also hereby given to the said
county of Hamilton to erect, or cause to be ere(;ted, on,
over, and above said railway bridge, using the latter as its
substructure, a public Jjridge to be used for the passage of
street cars, ^vagonS, and vehicles of all kinds, and for ani- biiih"wairo ™and
jnals and foot passengers. ^o"^ bridge.
Sec. 2. That any bridge built under this act and subject Lawful stmct-
toits limitations shall be a lawful structure, and shall be rout.*" '**"*
recognized aud known as a post route, and shall enjoy the
rights and privileges of other post-roads in the United
States. That no higher charge shall be made for the charges,
transmission over the same of the mail, troops, and muni-
tions of war of the United States, or for through railway
T)as8engers or freight passing over said bridge, than the
rate per mile for their transmission over the railroads
leading to said bridge, and equal privileges in the use of
said bridge shall bo granted to all telegrapli and telephone
companies, and the United States shall have the right of
way across said bridge for postal- telegraph purposes; that Postal teie-
the said bridge shall be constructed cither by draw, span, ^*""p^-
or otherwise, so that a free and unobstructed passageway rnobstracted
1 1 A 11 J. jyj. - ' 1.' • 1 • 2. navigation.
may be secured to all water craft navigatnig said river at
the point aforesaid : Pror/(Ze6?, That if said bridge author- Proviso.
7zed to be constructed under this act shall be constructed q,^^j„„ ^i^^^
as a drawbridge the draw shall be opened promptly upon i>«»^ns * »''»^-
reasonable signals for the passage of boats or vessels; and
whatever kind of bridge is constructed said corporation
shall maintain, at its own expense, from sunset to sunrise,
such lights or other signals on said bridge as the Light- Li-bt8,etc.
House Board shall prescribe.
Sec. 3. That all railroad companies desiring the use of ^^j^^p^^^Vj^ °*^^®'
said bridge shall have, and be entitled to, equal rights
and privileges relative to the passage of railway trains
over the same, and over the approaches thereto, upon such
basis or arrangement as maybe agreed upon by and between
sucli companies and the Chattanooga Western liailway
Company; and in case the owner or owaiers of said bridge, Disa-rcementu.
and the sev^eral railroad comi)anie8, or any one of them^
desiring such use, shall fail to agree upon the sum or sums
to bo paid, and upon rules and conditions to which each
shall conform in using said bridge, all matters at issue
between them shall be decided by the Secretary of War
3460 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Decision 1.^- See upon ^hc hearing of the allegations and proofs of the
parties.
stcretarj^ ^of Sbc, 4. That any bridge authorized to be constructed
\ii&ns%cJ'^^^^^ under this act shall be built and located under and subject
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
river as tlie Secretary of War shall prescribe. And to
secure tliat object the said company or corporation shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and
a])proval, a design and drawings of the bridge, and a map
of the location, giving, for the space of one mile below and
one mile above the proposed location, the topography of
the banks of the river, the shore lines art high and low
water, the direction and strength of the current at all
stages, and the soundings, accurately showing the bed of
the stream, the location of any other bridge or bridges,
and shall furnish such other inforiration as may be required
for a full and satisfactory understanding: of the subject,
and until the said plan and location of the bridge are
approved by the Secretary of War, the bridge shall not
changea. bc' built; and should any change be made in the plan of
said bridge during the progress of construction, so as to
prevent or remove all substantial obstruction to the navi-
gation of said river, such change shall be subject to the
Litigation. appioval of thc Secretary of War; and if any litigation
shall be had in regard to the location or construction of
said bridge, the same shall be in the circuit court of the
United States in whose territorial jurisdiction said bridge,
or any X'art thereof, is located.
^^Amendment, gj^o, 5, That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this
act is hereby expressly reserved; and any alterations or
changes that may be required by Congress in the bridge
constructed under this act, or its entire removal, shall be
made bv the (•or])oration owning or controlling the same,
Coramenccnient i •. " i-^ ^i -i} xi x x* i
and completion, at its owu expeiisc. luirtheiniore, it the construction ot
said bridge shall not be commenced within one and com-
pleted within three years after the passage of this act, all
privileges conferred hereby and this act shall become null
and void.
Approved, January 27, 1894.
January 27, 1804. CHAP. 22. — All Act To amend section tliirty-soveu hundred and
nine of tlie Revised Statutes, relating to contracts for supplies in the
Departments at Washington.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represent a fives oj
Ex"mt1l^* 1)"^ f^i^ United States of America in Congress assemhled^ That
iKirtiiHiitH. ^^^^ section thirty-seven hundred and nine of the Revised
p.7:in,iinTcmird!' Statutes is amended by adding tliereto the following:
A a V e r I i s ( And the advertisement for such proposals shall be made
Sep^'rtm'iutVt^ ^^^ the Exccutivc Department's, inchiding the Depart-
Lo on the Banio meiit of LaboF, the United States Fish Commission, the
Interstate Commerce Commission, the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, the Government Printing Office, the government
of the District of Columbia, and the superintendent of the
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3461
State, War, and Kavy building, except for paper and mate-
rials for use of the Government Printing (3i!ice, and mate-
rials used in the work of the Bureau of Engraving and
Printing, which shall continue to be advertised for and Time for open-
]mrchased fis now provided by law, on the same days and ing bids to be
shall each designate two o'clock post meridian of such ^^'^ '**°*'^"
days for the opening of all such proposals in each Depart-
ment and other Government establishment in the city
of Washington; and the Secretary of the Treasury shall
designate the day or days in each year for the opening of
such i>ropo8.ils and give due notice thereof to the other
Departments and Government establishments. Such pro-
posals shall be opened in the usual way and schedules
thereof duly prepared and, together with the statement of
the proposed action of each Department and Government
establishment thereon, shall be submitted to a board, con- submission to
sisting of one of the Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury ^^f** ^®'' ^pp"^**
and Interior Departments and one of the Assistant Post-
masters-General, Avho shall be designated by the heads of
said Departments and thePostmaster-General respectively,
at a meeting to be called by the official of the Treasury
Department, who shall be chairman thereof, and said
board shall carefully examine and compare all the pro-
posals so submitted and recommend tlie acceptance or
rejection of any or all of said proposals. And if any or
all of such proposals shall be rejected, advertisements for men^of r^UtS
proposals shall again be invited and proceeded with in the^'"^*'-
same manner.
Ai^proved, January 27, 1894.
CHAP. 24. — An Act Authorizing the Gulf, Beaumont and Kansas Fobniarj- 2, 1894.
City Railway Company to hridge the Neches and Sabine rivers iiv^the ;;
States of Texas and Louisiana.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United IStates of America in Congress assembled. That Gpif, Boamnont
the Gulf, Beaumont and Kansas City Railway Company, liaiiwny ('om-
its successors or assigns, be, and is hereby, authorized to J^^^^^ ™«>^^''"^e®
construct and maintain a railway bridge, and approaches Tex., ana sab?ne
thereto, over and across Neches lliver, in Texas; and alsoLa!^^' ^®^* "*^
a railway bridge, and approaches thereto, over and across
Sabine Kiver, in Texas and Louisiana, at such points as
may be selected bysaid railwaycompany subject to approval
by the Secretary of War for crossing said rivers witli its rail-
road line. Said bridges shall be constructed to provide for Railway,
the passage of railway trains and, if the Secretary of War Srigg": ^^'^ ^"^^
shall at any time so determine, may be used for the pas-
sage of wagons and vehicles of all kinds, for the transit
of animals, for foot passengers, for such reasonable rates
of toll as may be approved fiom time to time by the Secre- '^<'"»-
tary of War. That if the said bridges, or either of them,
over the said rivers shall be made with unbroken and con-
tinuous spans, there shall be at least one span of a height ^p*°"-
of not less than eighty feet above low water as understood
3462 KEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U, S. AR^Y.
at the point of location, measured to the lowest part of the
superstnictv.rc of said bridge; and said span shall have a
clear opening of at least two hundred feet between the
piers, measured at right angles to the current, and shall be
over the main channel of the river, and the bridge or bridges
shall be at right angles to and the piers parallel with tlic
current of the river. And if the bridges, or either of them
Draw ^^^^. ^lj^ ^j^j^ rivers shall be constructed as draw or pivot
bridges the draw span shall be over the main channel of
the river at accessible navigable points, and the openings
on each side of the pivot pier shall not be less than oik^
hundred feet in the clear unless otherwise expressly directed
by the Secretary of War, and if so directed shall be accord
ing to such directions; and the said opening shall be acces
Height of sible at nil stages of water, and the spans shall not be less
spans. than ten feet above extreme high water, as understood at
the point of location, to the lowest part of the superstnu-
turo of the bridge, and the piers and draw rests shall be
parallel with and the bridge or bridges at right angles to
the current of the river or rivers; and no riprap or otI>er
outside i:)rotection for imperfect foundations shall bo permit
ted to approach nearer than four feet to the surface of the
water at its extreme low stage, or otherwise to encroach
upon the channel ways pro\4ded for in this act; and all
Opening ciraw. ^nd cach of Said draws shall be opened promptly, upon
reasonable signal, for the passing of boats; and said com-
pany shall maintain at its own expense from sunset till
Lights, etc. sunrise, such, lights or other signals on said bridges as tlu'
Light-House Board may prescribe.
Lawful Htnict Sec 2. That any bridge built under this act and subject
uro^^nnd poat^ .^^ limitations shall be a lawful structure, and shall be
recognized and known as a post route, upon which also do
higher charge shall be made for the transmission over the
same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war of
the United States than the rate i>er mile paid for the trans-
portation over the railroad or public highways leading to
the said bridge; audit shall enjoy the rights and privileges
of other post roads in the United States.
tiJir" "'^^^^'^ Seo. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained
under the authority of this Act which shall at any time sub-
stiuitially or materially obstruct the free navigation of
said rivers, and if any bridge erected under such authority
shall, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, obstruct suck
Changes. iiavigatiou he is hereby authorized to cause such change or
alteration of said bridge or bridges to be made as will ehcsct-
ually obviate such obstruction ; and all such alterations shall
be made and all such obstructions be removed at the exjiense
of the owner or owners of said bridge. And in caseof any
Liti-Btion. litigation arising from any obstruction or alleged obstruc-
tion to the free navigation of said river, caused or alleged to
be caused by said bridge, the case may be brought in the
district court of the United States for the eastern district
of Texas, in whose jurisdiction any portion of said obstrnc-
Proviro. tion or bridge may be located: Provided j That nothing in
this Act shall be so construed as to repeal or modify any of
no? anbctcd.^'*''^*^^^ provisious of law now existing in reference to the pro-
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
tectioii of the navigation of rivers or to exenij)t said bridges
from tbe opeiation of the same.
Sec. 4. That all railway companies desiring the use of coSpai
said bridges, or either of them, shall have and be entitled
to equal rights and privileges relative to the passage of
railway trains over the same, and over the approaches
thereto, upon payment of a reasonable compensation for
such use.
Sec. o. That the bridges authorized to be constructed ^^r^^i
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject pian«. <
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
rivers as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to
secure that object said company or corporation shall submit
to the Secretary of War, for his examination and ai^proval, a
design and drawing of said bridge, and each of them, and a
map of the location, giving for the space of one mile above
and one mile below the proposed location the topography
of the banks of the river, the shore lines at high and low
water, the direction and strength of the currents at all
stages, and the soundings, accurately showing the bed of
the stream, the location of any other bridge or bridges,
and shall furnish such other information as may be required
for a full and satisfactory understanding of the subject;
and until the said plan and location of the bridge or bridges
are approved by the Secretary of War the bridge or bridges
shall not be commenced or built; and should any change be ciian
made in the plan of said bridges, or either of them, during
the progress of construction, such change shall be subject to
the approval of the Secretary of War. And the said struc-
ture shall be changed at the cost and expense of the owners
thereof from time to time, as the Secretary of War may
direct, so as to preserve the free and convenient navigation
of paid rivers, and the authority to erect and continue
any and all of said bridges shall be subject to revocation
by the Secretary of War whenever the public good, in his
judgment, so requires.
Sec. 6. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act ^t^™*^
is hereby expressly reserved.
Sec. 7. That this Act shall be null and void if actual con- com
struction of the bridge or bridges herein authorized bepietion
not commenced within one year and completed within three
years from the approval of this act.
Approved, February 2, 1894.
^ 30. — An Act Granting to the Des Moines Rapids Power Com- J'ebr
pnny the right to erect, construct, operate^ and maintain a wing dam, ^.^^' .
canal, and power station in the Mississippi Kiver in Hancock County,
Illinois.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Itepresentatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ ^^^^R^)fiff
the assent of Congress is hereby giveii to the Des Moines compa
Rapids Power Company, a corporation created and organ- };j'/^'J,\„"
ized under the laws of the State of Illinois, its successors cr. iii.
and assigns, to erect, construct, operate, and maintain a
3464 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
i'MMil alon^ the east bank of the Mississippi Eiver,. bet ween
iSauvoo and Hamilton, in Hancock County, in the State
of Illinois, to erect, construct, operate, and maintain a
power station thereon, and to project, erect, construct, oper-
ate, and maintain a wing dam five hundred feet into the
river from the head of said canal, and to make such other
improvements as may be necessary within said limit for the
development of water power and the generation, use, and
transmission therefrom of electric energy and power at, in,
and u})on the Des Moines liapids of the Mississippi River:
ProvUog. Provided. That the constructions hereby authorized do not
obstru^d. in any way interfere with the existing low-water channel
over the Des Moines Rapids, or with any interests of navi-
smietary ofgatiou: And provided further y That until the plans and
pia"u8,*otc^**^'™^^ locations of the works herein authorized, so far as they afiFect
the interests of navigation, have been approved by the Sec-
retary of War the canal shall not be commenced or built
conimenco- Sec. 2. That this act shall be null and void if actual con-
pietfon*"^ ^""^ struction of the works herein authorized be not commenced
within two years and completed within four years from the
date hereof.
Amendment, Sec. 3. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act
®'^' is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, February 24, 1894.
March 9. 1894. CHAP. 33.— An Act To authorize the construction of a bridge over
the Arkansas River at or near Van Buren, Arkansas.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
v^riiur'^n *i^,n! '^*^ United States of America in Congress assembled, That
way Company the Fort Smith and Van Buren Railway Company, a cor-
Ksas'Vinx' A^t poration organized and existing under the laws of the State
Van Buren, Ark. Qf ^i.]^ai^gj^g aiid being empoAveied by the terms of its
charter to construct its railway from a point on the north-
ern limits of the city of Fort Smith, Arkansas, to Van
Buren, Arkansas, the construction and operation of said
line of railway involving the construction of a bridge across
the Arkansas River at a point at or near the city of Van
Buren, be, and the said Fort Smith and Van Buren Rail-
way Company, its successors and assigns, are hereby,
authorized and empowered to construct said bridge across
Railway, wap. said rivcr, aud to maintain and operate the same as a
o II, a n (I f o o t . 1 ' 3 1 • 1 1«
bridcf,.. railway, passenger, and wagon bridge.
s. ri oiaiy «f ^y^, 2. That any bridge authorized to be constructed
W^ar to approve , .,. .. ixi a .j r-'ii-i
piau», etc. under this Act, whether constructed as a high bridge or
a drawbridge, shall be built and located under and sub-
ject to such regulations for the security of navigation of
said river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to
secure that object said company or corporation shall sub
mit to the Secretary of War a design and drawing of said
bridge to be erected for his examination and approval, and
a map of its location, and shall furnish such other informa-
tion as may be re(iuired for a full and satisfactory under-
standing of the subject; and until said plan and location
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3465
of said bridge are ai)proved by the Secretary of War
said bridge sball not be commenced or built; and should
any change be made in the plan of any bridge authorized changes,
to be constructed by this Act during the progress of the
work of construction, such change shall be subject to the
approval of the Secretary of War: Provided, That if the ^'•<'»**«-
bridge herein authorized be built a>3 a drawbridge, the ^^*^-
draw shall be opened promptly upon reasonable signal for
the passage of boats; and whatever kind of bridge is
built, the said company shall maintain thereon, from sun-
set to sunrise, such lights or other signals as the Light- ^.ighta.etc.
House Board shall prescribe. That all railway t<>"^pa- ra^iwa^^com^^
nies desiring to use said bridge shall have and be entitled nfen.^*^ compa-
to equal rights and privileges in the j)assage of the same,
and in the use of the machinery and fixtures thereof, and
of all approaches thereto, under and upon such terras find Terms.
conditions as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War
upon hearing the allegations and proofs of the parties, in
case they shall not agree.
Sec. 3. That any bridge built under this Act and subject ^ J'rlnd'*'"^^
to its limitations shall be a lawful structure and shall be route.
recognized and known as a post route, upon which no
higher charge shall be made for transmission over the sameof
the mails, the troops, and the munitionsof war of the United
States than the rate per milepaid for the transportation over
the railroad or public highways leading to tlie said bridge;
and it shall enjoy the rights and privileges of other i)ost
roads of the United States.
Sec. 4. That the rates of toll which shall be charged for ''^*»"'
vehicles and foot passengers over said bridge shall be the
same as those now established for like service by the laws
of Arkansas as expressed in section live thousand five hun-
dred and forty-six of Mansfield's Digest thereof, eighteen
hundred and eighty-four, page ten hundred and sixty-
eight.
Sko. 5. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act, ^^^^™«°dinont,
or any x>art thereof, whenever Congress shall consider it
necessary for the public interest, is hereby expressly
reserved, and any expenditure required by reason of such
legislation by Congress shall be made by the owners of
said bridge or the corporation or parties controlling and
using the same, without cost or damage to the United
States.
Sec. 6. That this act shall be null and void if actual con- ^^.^rrircom-
struction of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced piotion.
within one year and completed within three years from the
date of ai)proval of this Act.
Approved, March 9, 1894.
8466 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
March 12, 18.M CHAP. 37. — An Act Makiug appropriations to supply further
urgent deficiencies in the appropriations for the fiscal year cndiug June
thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, and for i>rior years, and
for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
urgont defici-o/f/te United States of America in Congress assembled^ Tliat
prilltTon8.^^'^° tlie following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropri
ated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise
appropriated, to supply deficiencies in the api>ropriations
, for the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety-four, and
for other objects hereinafter stated, namely:
W ai Depart WAR DEPARTMENT.
mciit.
Rcpaira o 1 ci For repairs to the old Ford's Theater building, in xiccord-
Forti'8 Theater. ^^^^^^ jyith. tlic recommeudationB of the board of engineer
officers submitted to Congress in House Executive Docu-
ment Numbered Sixty-one of this session, eleven thousand
nine hundred and fifty-eight dollars.
Q <^ * * * « «■
Approved, March 12, 1894.
March 14,1894. CHAP. 41.— An Act To amend "An Act authorizing the conRtroc-
tion of a bridge across the East Kiver, between the city of Now York
and Long Island,'' approved March third, eighteen hundred and
eighty-seven.
Be it enacted by the Senate aiul House of Representatires
k:y! ^^'^''''' of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
bH<fre^ V ^e^c^^^^'^ three of an Act entitled "An Act authorizing the
reductd™"^ ® constructiou of a bridge across the East River, between
the city of Xew York and Long Island," approved March
voi.24,p.46o. third, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, is hereby
amended so as to read jis follows:
Construction. Qeo. 3. That such bridge shall bo constructed at right
angles with the chaniiels of said river, the piers or abut
ments to be constructed on the land side of the harbor or
iioigbt. pierhead lines established by law. The lowest i>art of the
superstructure of such bridge, over the entire width of
waterways, shall not be less than one hundred and thirty-
five feet above mean high water of sirring tides.
Approved, March 14, 1894.
March 24. 1894. CHAP. 45. — An Act To amend an Act entitled "An Act authorizing
"the construction of a high wagon bridge at or near Sioux City.
Iowa," approved March second, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, as
amended by acts of April thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety,
and February seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-three.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Mrssmfr- p[vr. ^-^ '''^' ^'^''*^^'^^ ^'^^^•'»' of America in Cougrcss asscmblcdj That
nt^'si'o.ix c?ty, sectJoH scveii of an Act entitled ^'An Act authorizing the
^"'^■' construction of a high wagon bridge across the Missonri
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 3467
Kiv«r at or near Sioux City, Iowa," approved March second,
eighteen hundred and ei|?lity-nine, as amended by an Act voi. 25, p. 849;
entitled "An Act to amend an Act entitled <An Act author- ^^^^l'^^''''''^'
izing the construction of a high wagon bridge across the
Missouri River at or near Sioux City, Iowa,'" approved
April thirtieth, eighteen hundred. and ninety, and as
amended by an Act entitled *^An Act to amend an Act
authorizing the construction of a high wagon bridge across
the Missouri IMver ator near Sioux City, Iowa,'' approved
February seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, be
amended so as to read as follows:
"Sec. 7. That this Act shall be null and void if the con- „t'^^'^c^t[?Mi''ex^
struction of said bridge shall not be commenced within two teiuUii/"'
years after the date of approving this Act and be finished
on dr belbre March second, eighteen hundred and ninety-
six."
Ai^proved, March 24, 1894.
*. 46.— An Act To amend an act entitled "An act to authorize March 20, 1S9J.
the constrnction of abridge across the Missouri River at the most
accessible jioiut between the city of Kansas and the town of Sibley,
in tho county of Jackson and State of Missouri," approved March
third; c ightccn hundred and eighty-seveu.
Be it enacted by the JSenate and House of Representatives
of the United States of Amerieain Congress assembled^ ThatMlssolfd \i\\Tv
the act entitled "An act to authorize the construction of a^iP'®ami^ibio*^
bridge across tho Missouri lliv^er at the most accessible moJ ""* * *'^'
ix)int between the city of Kansas and the town of Sibley, amended.' ^* ^^^'
in the county of Jackson and State of Missouri,^ ap])roved
March third, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, be, and
the same hereby is, amended by striking out the following
words contained in the first section of said act, to wit:
"And free passage shall be accorded to wagons and vehicles ^^oo pasHage
of ail kinds, and for the transit of animals and for foot pas-
sengers."
Sec. 2. That the word "corporations" in the first section ^^^''^'''^ *"""'''^'
of the act hereinbefore named shall be changed to "cor-
X^oration."
Sec. 3. The construction of the bridge authorized to be^ J;;"^?^/^^^*'^;;:
constructed by the act approved Marph third, eighteen teudeii.
hundred and eighty seven, hereinbefore named, and of
which this act is amendatory, shall begin within three
years, and be completed within ten years from the date of
the approving this act, and unless these conditions be com-
plied with, this act and the act of which it is amendatory
shall be null and void.
Approved, March 29, 1894,
3468 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,
March 29, 18H4. CHAP. 47. — An Act For a charter for the Iowa and Nebraska Pon-
• — toon Bridge Company.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Hotise of Representatives
briSk^ ""dlitwTn^/ the United /States of America in CongresH assembled^ That
Bridge Company the lowa aiid Kebraska Pontoon Bridfte Coiuijany, acor-
ioun^^Ru^er^atporation duly organised and existing under and by virtue
Sioux City, Iowa, of tlio liiws of tlio State of lowa, its successors or assigns,
be, and is hereby, authorized to construct, erect, and main-
tain a pontoon wagon and foot bridge across the Missouri
Eiver between Iowa and Nebraska in or near the corporate
limits of Sioux City, in Woodbury County, and State of
Iowa.
Toll. Sec. 2. That the owners of said bridge may also have
and receive a reasonable compensation or tolls for the
transit over said bridge of all street cars, wagons, foot
passengers, animals, and for all other uses of said bridge
Re^^a'tioiiH '^^^ Specially enumerated: Provided^ That the Secretary
^^^egua »on^^£ Vs'^AV may at any time prescribe such rules, regulations,
and rate of toll for transit and transportation over said
bridge as may be deemed proper and reasonable.
Lawful struct- Sec. 3. Tluit auy bridge built under this Act and subject
ju^e^and poet^^ j^^ limitations shall be a lawful structure, and shall be
recognized and known as a post route, upon which, also, no
higher charge shall be made for the transmission over the
same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war of
the United States than the rate per mile paid for the trans-
portation over the railroads or public highways leading to
said bridge, and it shall enjoy the rights and privileges of
other post rotids in the United States; and an equal priv-
ilege in the use of said bridge shall be granted to all tele-
Postai tele- graph aud telephone companies, and the United States
grap ,ec. g]iall liavc the right of way across said bridge and its
ap])roaches for postal-telegraph purposes.
Draw, etc. Sec. 4. That Said bridge shall be constructed with a
suitable draw, giving not less than 400 feet clear channel
way for each navigable channel of the river, and such
other openings for tlie passage of rafts and logs as in the
Provito. opinion of the Secretary of War may be necessary : Pro-
opeuingdraw.^,.^^^^ That Said draws shall be opened to the full width
promptly upon reasonable signal to allow the passage of
boats and all floating craft.
x^^'S-^to^r Trove ^^^' ^^' That Said bridge shall be built and located under
piaiw,etc.^^"^^*^and subject to such regulations for the security of the
navigation of said river as the Secretary of War shall pre-
scribe; and to secure that object the said parties shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination aud
approval, a design and drawings of the bridge, and a map
of the location, giving, for the space of one mile above and
one mile below the proposed location, the topogiaphy of
the banks of the river, the shore lines at low and high
water, the direction and strength of the currents at all
stages, and the soundings, accurately showing the bed of
the stream, the location of any other bridge or bridges,
and shall furnish such information as may be re<]uired for
a full and satisfactory uiKlerstanding of the subject; and
LAWS AFFECTING COK^S OF ENGINEERS. 3469
until the said pltin and location of the bridge are approved
by the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be commenced
or built, and should any changes be made in the plan of changes,
said bridge during the progress of construction or after
completion, such changes shall be subject to the api)roval
of the Secretary of War; and the said bridge shall be con- Aids to navi-
structed with such aids to the passage of said bridge, in Ration,
the form of booms, dikes, piers, or other suitable and proper
structures for confining the flow of water to a i>ernianent
and easily navigated channel for a distance of not less
than one mile above the bridge location, and for the guid-
ing of rai ts, steamboats and other water craft safely through
the draw and raft spans, as the Secretary of War shall
prescribe and order to be constructed and maintained, at
the expense of the company owning said bridge; and the
said structure shall be at all times so kept and managed
as to offer reasonable and proper means for the passage of
vessels through said structure.
Sec. 6. That the said parties shall maintain at their own Lights, etc.
expense, from suni?et till sunrise, such lights or other sig-
nals on said bridge as the Light- House Board shall pre-
scribe.
Sec. 7. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Amendment^
Act, or any part thereof, at any time, by the Congress of ®^'
the United States, is hereby expressly reserved; and any
change in the construction or any alteration of said bridge
that may be directed at any time by Congress or the Sec-
retary of War shall be at the exi>ense of the owners of
said bridge or th« parties operating and controlling the
same.
Sec. 8. That if actual construction of the bridge herein commenoe-
authorized shall not be commenced within one year and pigj^on"**^ *^*'°*
completed within two years from the date of the approval
of this act the rights and x^rivileges hereby granted shall
cease and determine.
Sec. 9. All the rights granted by this act shall cease ^^^JpJ»^t?^*^\^®
whenever the Secretary of War sliall determine and givebridpe.
the notice hereinafter provided, that the high wagon bridge yoi^\1^' ^; ^J:
across the Missouri Itiver at or near Sioux City, Iowa, voi. 27, p. 434.
authorized by an Act approved March the second, eighteen
hundred and eighty nine, and amended April the thirtieth,
eighteen hundred and ninety, and Februcary the seventh,
eighteen hundred and ninety-three, is completed and open
for travel. And it shall be the duty of the Secretary of
War to give the owners of said i)ontoon bridge notice to„,^®^*^ **^ "*"
remove the same within twelve months from the date of
said notice, and if the company owning said bridge shall
neglect to make such removal within said time, it shall then
be his duty to cause the same to be removed at the expense
of said company.
Approved, March 29, 1894.
3470 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
March 29, 1894. CHAP. 49. — An Act To regulate the making of proi>erty returns by
officers of the Government.
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Eepresenta lives
Property r^oftlic United States of America in Congress assemblcdy That
™yp^j.^jf^. instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the
4attHc>fio88tobo Treasury Department returns of public property entrusted
TrcaSury*^ t^-^^ t^i® posscssiou of officcrs or agcuts, the Quartermaster-
countiug officers. General, the Commissary-General of Subsistence, tlie Sur-
geon-General, the Chief of Engineers, the Chief of Ord
nance, the Chief Signal Officer, the Paymaster General of
the Navy, the Commissioner of Indian Afl'airs, or other like
chief officers in any Department, by, through, or under
whom stores, supplies, and other public property are
received for distribution, or whose duty it is to receive or
examine returns of such property, shall certify to the
proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, for
debiting on the proper account, any charge against any
officer or agent intrusted with public property, arising
from any loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government
as to the property so intrusted to him.
(^ontonts of sec. 2. That said certificate shall set forth the condition
cct iticiitc
of such officer's or agent's property returns, that it includes
all charges made up to its date and not previously certi-
fied, that he has had a reasonable opportunity to be heard
and has not been relieved of responsibility; the effect of
such certificate, when received, shall be the same as if the
facts therein set forth had been ascertained by the account-
ing officers of the Treasury Department in accounting.
tn^lfH°"^t ^^ a • '^' ^^**^^ ^^^^ manner of making xnoperty returns to
atfectccL ^'' ^'^ or iu any administrative bureau or department, or of ascer-
taining liability for property, under existing laws and regu-
lations, shall not be affected by this Act, except as pro-
vided in section one; but in all cases arising as to such
pro]>erty so intrusted the officer or agent shall have an
opportunity to relievo himself from liability.
Regulations. Sec. 4. That the heads of the several Departments are
hereby empowered to make and enforce regulations to
carry out the provisions of this Act.
Kopcai. Skc. 5. That all laws or parts of laws inconsistent wilh
the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed.
Approved, March 29, 1894.
April 2, 18»4. CHAP. 51. — An Act To authorize the construction of a bridge over
the Monongahela River at Glenwood, Pennsylvania.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rejyresentatites
m\x\\^^\r\S'l^^'^ ^^*^ ^^^^^^^^ States of America in Congress a^isembledj T\\ikt
Company iVi .-fy tlic Glcuwood Highway Bridge Company, a corporation
hcio^tiSn'm^^^ ^^^y organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of
burg. Pa. ' Pennsylvania, its successors and assigns, be, and they aixj
hereby, authorized and empowered to construct, maintain,
and operate a bridge over the Mcmongahela River, from a
point on the north shore of said Monongahela Kiver at or
near where Second avenue in the Twenty- third ward of
the city of Pittsburg is crossed by the Pittsburg and Con*
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3471
nellsville Railroad, to a poiut directly across said river, on
the south shore thereof, about four hundred feet, more or
less, below the moiith of Streets Run (tnd above the foun-
dation of the old coal tipple at Hays Station, all within the
County of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania. That
said Glenwood Highway Bridge Corai)any shall not com-
mence the construction of its bridge, bridge piers, abut-
ments, causeway, and other works over or in said Monon-
galiela River until the location and plan of the same shall
have been submitted to and approved' by the Secretary
of War.
Sec. 2. That any bridge authorized to be constructed ^tc^iary of
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject pia^aj tu?'*™^**
to such regulations for the security of the navigation of
said river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to
secure that object the said company or corporation shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and
approval, a design and drawing of the bridge and a map
of the location, giving for the space of one-half m>le above
and one-half mile below the proposed location the high
and low water lines upon the banks of the river, the direc-
tion and strength of the currents at low and at high water,
with the soundings accurately showing the bed of the
stream, and the location of any other bridge or bridges,
such map to bo sufficiently in detail to enable the Secre-
tary of War to judge of the proper location of said bridge,
and shall furnish such other information as may be required
for a full and satisfactory understanding of the subject;
and until the s^id i)bin and location of the bridge are
approved by the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be
commenced or built; and should any change be made in
the i)lans of said bridge during the progress of its con-
struction, such changes shall be subject to the approval
of the Secretary of War: Provided^ That the channel span Provuo.
of said bridge shall be not less than five hundred feet in ^'^^an^^ei «pan-
length in the clear and the clear height of the superstruc-
ture shall not be less than fifty-three feet above the level
of the water at pool full in said river.
Sec. 3. That said bridge herein authorized to be con- unobstructed
structed shall be so kept and managed at all times as to ""''''^"^*®**'
afiord proper means and ways for the passage of vessels,
barges, or rafts, both by day and by night, and there shall
be displayed on said bridge by the owners thereof, from
sunset to sunrise, such lights and other signals as the Lights, otc.
Light-House Board may jirescribe; and such changes shall
be made from time to time in the structure of said bridge
as the Secretary of War may direct, at the expense of said
bridge comi)any, in order the more eftectually to preserve
the fre43 navigation of said river.
Sec. 4. That this Act shall be null and void if actual con- commencement
struction of the bridge herein authorized be not com- '^"'^ lompieiion.
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date of tlic approving this act.
Sec. 5. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Amendment,
Act is hereby cxi>ressly reserved. *^^*^*
Appioved, April 2, 1894.
3472 REPORT OF THL CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
April 2, 1894. CHAP. 52.— An Act Authorizing the Texarkaua ami Fort Smith
Railway Company to hridge the Calcasieu and Sabine rivers in the
States of Louisiana and Texas.
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representative
vT,^^^u"i??^oVf' <^f i^i(^ United States of America in Congress assembled. That
way coinpanv the Texarkaiia and Fort Smith liailway Company, its 8uc-
ISu^*1fl^^^, cessors or assigns, be, and is hereby, authorized to eon-
La, and sauiue struct and maintain a railway bridge, and approaches
^rver, a. an thereto, ovcr and across Calcasieuliivcr iu Louisiaua; and
also a railway bridge and approaches thereto, over and
across Sabine lliver in Louisiana and Texas, at such points
as may be selected by said railway comi)any for crossing
said rivers with its railroad line, said points selected to be
w5:oV ^and^^foot ®^^j^^* *^ *^® approval of the Secretary- of War. Said
bridgea. bridges shall be constructed to provide for the passage of
railway trains, and, at the option of said company, may be
used for the passage of wagons and vehicles of all kinds,
for the transit of animals, and for foot passengers, for such
Toll. reasonable rates of toll as may be ai)proved from time t )
High bridge«time by the Secretary of War. That if the said bridges
or either of them, over the said rivers shall be made with
unbroken and continuous spans, there shall be at least one
span of a height of not less than eighty feet above 1o\t
water as understood at the point of location, measured to
the lowest part of the superstructure of said bridge; and
said span shall have a clear opening of at least two hun-
dred feet between the piers, measured at right angles to
the (uirrent, and shall be over the main channel of the river,
and the bridge or bridges shall be at right angles to, and
Draw bridges, the piers parallel with, the current of the river. And if
the bridges, or either of them, over the said rivers shall be
constructed as draw or pivot bridges, the draw or pivot
pier shall be over the main channel of the river at an acces-
sible navigable i)oint, and the openings on each side of
the pivot pier shall not be less than one hundred feet in
the clear, unless otherwise expressly directed by the Secre-
tary of War, and if so directed shall be according to such
direction, and the said openings shall be accessible at all
stages of water, and the spans shall be not less than ten
feet above extreme high water, as understood at the point
of location, to the lowest i)art of the superstructure of the
bridge, and the piers and draw rests shall be parallel with,
and the bridge or bridges at right angles to, the current of
the river or rivers; and no riprap or other outside i)rotec-
tion for imperfect foundations shall be permitted to approach
nearer than four feet to the surface of the water at its
extreme low stage, or otherwise to encroiu^li upon the
openmgdraw. channel ways provided for in this act; and all and eacli of
said draws shall be opened promptly upon reasonable sig-
nal for the passing of boats; and whatever kind of bridges
shall be constructed said company shall maintain, at its own
Lights, etc. expense, from sunset till sunrise, such lights or other signals
on said bridges as the Light-House Board may prescribe.
Lawful struct. Sec. 2. That any bridge built under this act, and sub-
routes.*"' '^^^ ject to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3473
be recognized aud kuowu as a post route, upon which also
no lugher charge shall be made for the transmission over
the same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war
of the United States than the rate per mile paid for the
transportation over the railroad or public highways leadings
to the said bridge; and it shall enjoy the rights and privi-
leges of other post- roads in the United States.
Sec. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained ^.j^"®^^^*™*®*^
under the authority of this Act which shall at any time sub-
stantially or materially obstruct the free navigation of
said rivers ; and if any bridge erected under such authority
shall, in the oi)inion of the Secretary of War, obstruct such
navigation, he is hereby authorized to cause such change changes.
or alteration of such bridge or bridges to be made as will
etteetually obviate such obstruction; and all such altera-
tions shall be made and all such obstructions be removed
at the expense of the owner or owners of said bridge. And
in case of any litigation arising from any obstruction or Litigation,
alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said river,
caused or alleged to be caused by said bridge, the case
may be brought in the district court of the United States
for the western district of Louisiana, in whose jurisdiction
any i)ortion of said obstruction or bridge may be located:
Provided, That nothing in this Act shall be so construed as Proviso,
to repeal or modify any of the provisions of law now exist- nof affected.^^^'
ing in reference to the protection of the navigation of rivers
or to exempt said bridges from the operation ot the same.
Sec. 4. That all railway companies desiring the use of t^o by other
said bridges, or either of them, shall have and be entitled ^««'p*»^*^«-
to equal rights and privileges relative to the passage of
railway trains over the same, and over the approaches
thereto, upon paynient of a reasonable compensation for
such use.
Sec. 5. That the bridges authorized to be constructed warto^approve
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject i*******' ^^<^-
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
rivers as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to
secure that object the said company or corporation shall sub-
mit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and ap-
l)roval, a design and drawings of said bridges, and each of
them, and a map of the location, giving, for the space of
one mile above and one mile below the proposed location,
the topography of the banks of the river, the shore lines
at high and low water, the direction and strength of the
currents at all stages, aud the soundings, accurately show-
ing the bed of the stream, the location of any other bridge
or bridges, and shall furnish such other information as may
be required for a full and satisfactory understanding of the
subject; and until the said plan and location of the bridge
or bridges are approved by the Secretary of War the bridge
or bridges shall nut be built; and should any change be ^*»«^"^*-
madcin the plan of said bridges, or either of them, during
the i)rogress of construction, such change shall be subject
to approval of the Secretary of War. And the said struc-
tures shall be changed at the cost and expense of the own-
ers thereof, from time to time, as the Secretary of War may
KNG 94 218
3474 REPOliT OF THK CHIEF OF ENOINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
direct, so as to preserve tlie fieo and couveuieiit naviga-
tion of said rivers, and the authority to erect and continue
any and all of said bridges shall be subject to revocation
by the Secretary of War whenever the public good, in Ins
judgment, so requires.
^^Amendmout. gg^i^ c. That the right to alter, ame:id, or repeal this Act
is hereby expressly reserved.
piciiou. construction of the bridge or bridges herein authorized
be not commenced within one year and completed within
three years from the approval of this Act.
Approved, April 2, 1804.
AprU 5, 1894. CHAP. 56. — All Act Autboriziug tbo Texarkana and Fort Smith
Railway Com^mny to bridge Caddo Lake at or near Mooringsport,
Louisiana, and Cross Bayou, near 8brevoport, Louisiana.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of liepresentatives
TexATkauAand of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That
w'comVanv^ Tcxarkaua and Fort Smith llailway Company, its suc-
maybndge 0.1(1- cessors or assig:ns, be, and is hereby, authorized to cou-
iniispSrt!; L^.^ struct and maintain a railway bridge, and approaches
aud Cross Bayoa,|^]j(,p^|-n ovcr and across Caddo Lake, near Mooringsport,
Louisiana, and also a railway bridge, and approaches
thereto, over aud across Cross Bayou, near Shreveport^
Louisiana, at such x^oint as may be selected by said rail-
way company for crossing said bayou with its railroad line.
Said bridges shall bo constructed to i>rovide for the jiassage
llailway, wag- of railway trains, and, at the option of said coinx)any, may
bruig?a" ^''^^ ^e used for the passage of w agons and vehicles of all kinds,
for the transit of animals, and for foot i)assengers, for such
Toll. reasonable rates of toll as may be approved from time to
time by the Secretary of War. That the bridges over the
Drawbridges, said streams shall be constructed as drawor pivot bridges,
the draw or pivot pier shall be over the main channel of
the stream at an accessible navigable point, and the open-
ings on each side of the pivot x)ier sliall not be less than
one hundred feet iii the clear, unless otherwise expressly
directed by the Secretary of War, and if so directed shall
be according to such direction, and the said oi)enings shall
be accessible at all stages of water, and the spans shall be
not less than ten feet above extreme high water, as under-
stood at the point of location, to the lowest part of tbo
superstructure of the bridge, and the piers and draw resta
shall be parallel with, and the bridge or bridges at right
angles to, the current of the stream or streams, and no
riprap or other outside i)rotectioii for imperfect foundations
sliall be permitted to approach nearer than four feet to the
surface of the water at its extreme low stage, or otherwise
to encroach upon the channel ways provided for in this
() p o n 1 « «Art; and all and each of said draws shall be opened
promxitly u])on reasonable signals for the passage of bo:ltJ^;
and said coini)any sliall maintain, at its own expense, from
sunset till siinrise^ throughout the season of navigation,
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3475
Backlights or other signals on said bridges as the Liglit- i'>ei»t«, etc.
Hottse Board may prescribe. Lawful struct
Sec. 2. That any bridge built under this Act, and subject ure«^iuui* ^post
to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall be^""^'«-
recognized and known as a post-route, upon wliich also no
higher charge shall be made for the transmission over the
same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war of
the United States than the rate per mile paid for the trans-
l)ortatioii over the railroad or public highways leading to
the said bridge ; and it shall en joy the rights and privileges
of other post roads in the United States.
Sec. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or niaintained,,^\>^jjj;;;*^^^^
under the authority of this Act which shall at any time sub-
stantially or materially obstruct the free navigation of said
streams; and if any bridge erected under such authority
shall, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, obstruct such
mivigatiou, he is hereby authorized to cause such change
or alteration of said bridge or bridges to be made as will
effectually obviate such obstruction; and all such altera-
tions shall be made and all such obstructions be removed
at the exj)enwse of the owner or owners of said bridge. And
in case of any litigation arising from any obstruction or litigation.
alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said streams,
caused or alleged to be caused by said bridge, the case may
be brought in the district court of the United States for the
western district of Ijouisiana: Provided, That nothing in E^^j^iiucr laws
this Act shall be so construed as to repeal or modify any of not aflfecteci.
the provisions of law now existing in reference to the pro-
tection of the navigation of rivers or to exempt said bridges
from the operation of the same.
Sec. 4. That all railway comi)anies desiring the use of p^,^j,an^^8."^^*^^
said bridges, or either of them, shall have and be entitled
to equal rights and privileges relative to the passage of
railway trains over the same, and over the api)roaches
tlHireto, upon payment of a reasonable compensation for
such use.
Sec. 5. That the bridges authorized to be constructed ^^^aV'to*appro^•I
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject plana, etc.
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
streams as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to
secure that object the said company or corporation shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and
approval, a design and drawings of said bridges, and each
ol'^hem, and a map of the location, giving, for the space of
one-half mile above and one-half mile below the proposed
location, the topography of the banks of the streams, the
shore lines at high and low water, the direction and strength
of the currents at all stages, and the soundings accurately
showing the bed of the stream, the location of any other
bridge or bridges, and shall furnish such other information
as may be lequired for a full and satisfactory understand-
ing of the subject; and until the said plan and location of
the bridge or bridges are approved by the Secretai;y of
W^ar the bridge or bridges shall not be built; and should
any change be made in the plan of said bridges, or either ^^^^^so^-
of them, during the progress of construction, such change
3476 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
shall be subject to ai)])roval of the Secretary of War. And
the said structure shall be chaDged at the cost aud expense
of the owuers thereof, from time to time, as the Secretary
of War may direct, so as to preserve the free and conve-
nient navigation of said streams, and the authority to erect
and continue any aiid all of said bridges shall be subject to
revocation by the Secretary of War whenever the public
good, in his judgment, so requires.
Amendment, Sec. G. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
''*^' is hereby expressly reserved.
miM, t "iml" "com". ^^^- ''* ^^**^^ ^^"^ ^^^ ^^^*^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^'^^^^ ^^ actual COU-
piotiun. strnction of the bridge or bridges herein authorized be not
commenced within one year and completed within three
years from the approval of this Act.
Approved, April 5, 1894.
April 21, 1891. CHAP. 58. — Au Act Authorizing the Tezarkana and Fort Smith
— ' Railway Company to bridge the Sulphur River in the iState of Arkan-
sas or in the State of Texas.
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representativef
ToxBLTi^AiiaAmi of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
way c™mp?*n V the Tcxarkana and Fort Smith Railway Company, its suc-
mjiy bridge Sul- ccssors or assif^ns, be, and is hereby, authorized to con-
Ar". or Texl^^^' struct and maintain a railway bridge, and appro^vches
thereto, over and across Sulphur River in the State ot
Arkansas, or in the State of Texas, at such point as may
be selected by said railway company for crossing said river
with its railroad line, said point selected to be subject to the
approval of the Secretary of War. Said bridge shall be
liiiiiwav, wag constructed to provide for the passage of railway trains,
briii-e." ^"^''^^aiid, at the option of said company, may be used for the
I)a8sage of wagons Jind vehicles of all kinds, for the transit
of animals, and for foot passengers, for such reasonable
Toll. rates of toll as may be approved from time to time by
the Secretary of War. That if the said bridge shall be
High bridge, madc with uubrokcn and continuous spans, there shall be
at least one span of a height of not less than eighty feet
above low water, or fifty feet above highest water, as
undiM'stood at the point of location, measured to the lowest
part of the superstructure of said bridge; and said span
shall have a clear opening of at least one hundred aad
fifty foot between the piers, measured at right angles to
the current, and shall be over the main channel of the
river; and the bridge shall be at right angles to, and the
Drawbiid-o pj^^'s parallel with, the current of the river. And if the
raw in^o. i^j.-^i^.^ ^^,^^j. |.|j^, j,j^j^| river shall be constructed as a draw
or pivot bridge, the draw or pivot pier shall be over the
main channel of the river at an accessible navigable ])oint,
and the openings on each side of the pivot ])ier shall not
be less than one hundred feet in the clear, unless other-
wise expressly directed by the Secretary of War, and if
so directed shall be according to such direction, and
the said opening shall be accessible at all stages of
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3477
water, and the spans shall be not less than ten feet
above extreme high water, as understood at the point of
location, to the lowest part of the superstructure of the
bridge, and the piers and draw rests shall be i)arallel with,
and the bridge at right angles to, the current of the river;
and no riprap or other outside protection for imperfect
foundations shall be permitted to approach nearer than four
feet to the surface of the water at its extreme low stage, or
otherwise to encroach upon the channel ways provided for
in this Act; and the draw shall be opened i)romptly upon Opening draw,
reasonable signal for the passing of boats; and whatever
kind of bridge shall be constructed said company shall
maintain, at its own expense, from sunset till sunrise,
throughout the season of navigation, such lights or other Lights, etc.
signals on said bridge as the Light- llouse Board may pre-
scribe. •
Sec. 2, That the bridge built under this Act, and subjeirt Lawful struct-
to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall be"J'J^^|*"*^ p**"'
recognized and known as a post route, upon which also no
higlier charge shall be nuide for the transmission over the
same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war of
the United States than the rate per mile paid for the trans-
portation over the railroad or public highways leading to
the said bridge; and it shall enjoy the rights and privi-
leges of other post roads in the United States.
Sec. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained unobstructed
under the authority of this Act which shall at any time "^'^^s**^**"-
substantially or materially obstruct the free navigation of
said river; and if the bridge erected under such authority
shall, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, obstruct
such navigation, he is hereby authorized to cause such
change or alteration of said bridge to be made as will
eflectually obviate such obstruction; and all such altera-
tions shall be made and all such obstructions be removed
at the expense of the owner or owners of said bridge.
And in case of any litigation arising from any obstruction Litigation.
or alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said river,
caused or alleged to be caused by said bridge, the case
may be brought in the district court of the United States
for the State of Arkansas, in whose jurisdiction any por-
tion of said obstruction or bridge may be located : Pro tided ^ Proviso.
That nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to repeal
or nuKlify any of the provisions of law now existing in ref- Exiting laws
erence to the protection of the navigation of rivers or to "°^ *'^''*^^®^'
exenix)t said bridge fiom the operation of the same.
Sec. 4. That ail railway companies desiring the use of ^*^« Vy other
said bridge shall have and be entitled to equal rights and *'**"^^'*"**'''*
l)rivileges relative to the passage of railway trains over the
same, and over the approaches thereto, upon payment of
a reasonable compensation for such use.
Se(\ T). That the bridge authorized to be constructed Secret a ry of
under this A(;t shall be built and located under and subject piaug/etc.^^'^'''^
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe ; and to secure
that object the said company or corporation shall submit
to the Secretary of War, for his examination and api^roval,
3478 RKPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
a design and drawings of said bridge and a luai) of the loca-
tion, giving, for tlie space of one mile above and one mile
below the proposed location, the topography of the banks
of the river, the shore lines at high and low^ water, the
direction and strength of the currents at all stages, and
the soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream,
the location of any other bridge or bridge-j, and shall fur-
nish such other information as may be required for a full
and satisfactory understanding of the subject; and until
the said plan and location of the bridge are ax)proved by
the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be built; and
Changes. should any change be made in the plan of said bridjre
during the progress of construction, such change shall be
subject to tlic approval of the Secretary of War. And the
said structure shall be changed at the cost and expense of
• the owners thereof, from time to time, as the Secretary of
War may direct, so as to preserve the free and convenient
navigation of said river, and the authority to erect and
continue said bridge shall be subject to revocation by the
Secretary of War whenever the public good, in his judg-
ment, so requires.
Amouaraent. Sec. C. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
^^*^ is hereby expressly reserved.
Comnifncomeiit Sec. 7. That thls Act shall be null and void if actual coii-
aiui completion, structiou of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced
within one year and completed within three years from the
approval of this Act.
Am^roved, April 21, 1894.
April 21, 1894. CHAP. 59. — An Act To oxt«nrl the time authorizing; the Sniut LouiH
— and Birmingham Kailroad to build a hridge across Tenncs.seo Kiver
at Clifton, Tennessee.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Houhc of liepreneniatirc^
Bridge ncros 9 o///ie United States of America in Ooiiqr ess assembled. That
atTintm^ Tenn^ t^® Saint Louis and Birmingham Railway Company, beinj:
a corporation created and organized under the laws of tiie
State of Tennessee, and to which autliority was given by an
Vol 27 » 47 -^^^ *^^ Congress entitled "An Act to authorize building a
' ^* ' bridge over Tennessee River," approved June sixth, eight-
een hundred and niijety-two, is hereby given the right to
begin the construction of the bridge therein authorized
Time for con- accordiiig to the tcmis of said Act within twelve mouths
stnutiouextenri fjoni tlic approval of this Act, the said bridge to be coni-
*^* * pleted witliin three years from said date. It is hereby
further provided that if the construction of said bridge bo
not commenced and the structure completed within the
times hereinbefore mentioned, then this Act, and that
approved June sixth, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, to
which reference is hereinbefore made, shall be null and
void.
Aniennmen t. Sec. 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
*^*^ is hereby expressly reserved without any liability on the
part of the United States for any damages on account of
such alteration, amendment, ov repeal.
Approved, April 21, 1804.
k
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3479
60.— -An Act To authorize tho West BnuUlock Bridge Com- April 21, 1R94.
pany to construct a bridge oyer the ^Monougabela River from the ~
Dorougli of Raukin to MitHiu Township.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That y^^^^-'^'^'iock
it shall be lawful for the West Braddock Bridge Company, inoy1?ricfgo^K
a corporation organized under the laws of the Cominoii- '^^J'^^pj^j^J^^^^^
wealth of Pennsylvania, to construct and maintain a bridge ty, 'vc.^ ^
and approaches thereto over tho Monongahela lliver from
a point in the borough of Kaukin, in the county of Alle-
gheny, to a point in Mifflin Township, in the county of
Allegheny.
Sec. 2. That said bridge may be constructed to provide i^ « i i ^ o y,
, ., o .•^ ^ - wajrou, and loot
for the passage ot railway trams, street cars, wagons, and bridge.
vehicles of all kinds, for the transit of animals, foot pas-
sengers, and all kinds of commerce, travel, or communica-
tion, and said corporation may charge and receive reason-
able tolls therefor, subject to the approval of the Secretary
of War.
Sec. 3. That any bridge built under this Act and subject Lawful stmct-
to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall be route!*"* ^**"
recognized and known as a post-route, and it .shall enjoy
the rights and privileges of other post-roads in the United
States: Provided^ That the United States may construct Proviso.
a postal telegraph over said bridge without charge there- pj.aJJ5//*^ ^®'®'
for.
Sec. 4. That said bridge shall be built and located under socretarj- of
and subject to such regulations for the security of naviga- pkns.^otc.^^'**^^
tion of said river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe;
and to this end the said cori)oration shall submit to tho
Secretary of War for his examination and approval the
plans and drawings of said bridge, and a map of the pio-
l)osed location, giving, for the space of one mile each way,
the topography of the banks of the river and the shore
lines at high and low water, the direction and strength of
the current at all stages, and the soundings, accurately
showing the bed of the stream, the location of any other
bridge or bridges in the vicinity, and shall furnish such
other inlbrination as may be required for a full and satis-
factory understanding of the subject, and until the plan
and location of said bridge have been approved by the
Secretary of War, the bridge shall not be commenced or
built: Provided, That the channel si)an of said bridge shall ProvUo.
be in length not less than four hundred feet in the clear, channel opan.
Sec. 5. That all railroad companies desiring the use ^^\.^^^^^^^^lf^^^*^
any bridge constructed under this Act shall have and |L)e *^'"**'*" ^'
entitled to equal rights and privileges relative to the pas-
sage of railway trains or cars over the same and the
approaches thereto, upon payment of reasonable compen- Compensation.
sation for such use; and in case the owner or owners of
said bridge and the several railroad companies, or any of
theiu desiring such use, shall fail to agree upon the sum or
sums to be paid and upon rules and conditions to which
each shall conform in using said bridge, all matters at is.^ue
between them shall be dccM'ded by the Secrctnry (»f War
upon a hearing of the allegations and i)i oof of tlie parties.
3474 KEPOUT OF THK CHIEF OF EiVaiNEERS, U. S. ARMY.
direct, so as to preserve the free juicl conveuieut uaviga-
tion of said rivers, and the authority to erect and contimie
any and all of said bridges shall be subject to revocation
by the Secretary of War whenever the publit! good, in liw
judgment, so requires.
^ Amendmont, Sec. G. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
is herebv cxpresslv reserved.
pioiiou. (.construction of the bridge or bridges herein authorized
be not commenced within one year and completed within
three years from the approval of this Act.
Approved, April 2, 189i.
ApiU 5. 1894. CHAP. 56.— An Act AutboriziD^ tho Tcxarkana and Fort Smith
Railway Coin])aiiy to bridge Caddo Lako at or near Moofingsiwrt,
Louisiana, and Cross Bayou, near Sbrevoport, Louisiana.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represcntatires
ToxATktmnnnA of the United States of America in Congress assemhled^ That
way c"o\VpaM V t^i<i Tcxarkaua and Fort Smith Railway Company, its suc-
Ifo*\ake^ M - ^^^^^^^ ^^ assigns, be, and is hereby, authorized to cou-
iDKBport!; La'.^ struct and maintain a railway bridge, aiul approaches
shrov^^nria?' thereto, over and across Caddo Lake, near Mooringspoit
Louisiana, and also a railw^ay bridge, and approaches
thereto, over and across Cross Bayou, near Shreveport,
Louismna, at such point as may be selected by said rail
way company for crossing said bayou with its railroad hue.
Said bridges shall bo constructed to provide for the passage
rwaiiwav, wag- of railway trains, and, at the option of said company, may
bntigoJ!* ^*'**^ be used for the passage of wagons and vehicles of all kinds,
for the transit of animals, and for foot passengers, for such
Toll. reasonable rates of toll as may be approved from time to
time by the Secretary of War. That the bridges over the
Draw bnugt 8. Said streaius shall be constructed as draw or pivot bridges,
the draw^ or pivot pier shall be over the main channel of
the stream at an accessible navigable point, and the open-
ings on each side of the pivot pier shall not be less than
one hundred feet m the clear, unless otherwise expressly
directed by the Secretary of War, and if so directed shall
be according to such direction, and the said openings shall
be accessible at all stages of water, and the spans shall be
not less than ten feet above extreme high water, a^ under-
stood at the point of location, to the lowest part of the
superstructure of the bridge, and the piers and draw rests
shall be parallel with, and the bridge or bridges at right
angles to, the current of the stream or streams, and no
riprap or other outside protection for im])erfect foundations
shall be permitted to approach nearer tliau four feet to the
surface of the water at its extreme low stage, or otherwise
to encroach upon the channel ways provided for in this
dra>>V' " ^'Act; and all and each of said draws shall be opone(l
promptly ui)on reasonable signals for the i)assage of borit.s;
and said company shall maintain, at its own expense, from
suiKset till sunri.se. throughout the season of navigJition,
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OP ENGINEERS. i
Micli lights or otlier signals Oil siiiii bridges as tlio Light- ^■'s^"-
Honse Board may prescrihe. j ^^.^.^^j
8E('. 2. Tliat any bridge biiilt under this Act, and subject „,«" nmi
to its limitations, sliall be a hiwful structure, and shall be "•""•■
recognized and known as a jiost route, upon whicli also no
higher cliargo shall be made for tlic transmission over the
»atue of the mails, tlie tioojis, ami the munitions of war of
the United States than the rate per mile paidfor the trans-
{lortation over the railroad or public highways leading to
the said bridge; audit shall ci\|oy the rigbtH and privileges
of other post roads in the United States.
Sec. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained .J^fJJllJJ*;
under the authority of this Act which shall at any time sub-
stantially or materially obstruct the free navigatiou of said
streams; and if any bridge erected under such authority
shall, in the opinioTi of the Secretary of War, obstruct sucli
navigation, he is hereby authorized to cause such change
or alteration of said bridge or bridges to be made as will
effectually obviate such obstruction; and all such altera-
tions shall be made and all such obstructions be removed
at the exjicnse of the owner or owners of said bridge. And
in case of any litigation arising from any obstruction or LLtigmi
alleged obstrnctiou to the free navigation of said streams,
caused or alleged to be caused by said bridge, the ease may
be bronghtin the district court of the United States for the
western district of Ijouisiana: Provitled, That nothing in j^'j'^l'^
this Act shall be so construed as to repeal or modify any of noi nffo^n
the provisions of law now existing in reference to the pro-
tection of tlie navigation of rivers or to exempt said bridges
from the operation of the same.
Sec. 4. That all railway companies desiring the use of ,.„Ji,""„u^^
said bridges, or cither of them, shall have and be entitled
to equal rights and privileges relative to the passage of
railway trains over the same, and over the approaches
thereto, upon payment of a reasonable coiiipensatiou fur
such use.
Sec. 6. That the bridges authorized to be constructed wor ^u*u
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject v^»o»- <>'^
to such regulations fur the security of navigation of said
streams as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to
aet^ure that object the said company or coriwration shall
submit to tiio Secretary of War, for his examination and
approval, a design and drawings of said bridges, and each
ofihem, aud a map of the location, giving, for tins space of
one-half mile above and one-iiull'niilc below the proposed
location, the topography of tlie banlvs of the streams, the
sliorcliuesathigli and low water, tlie direction ami strength
of the currents at all stages, and the sunndiugs accurately
siiowing the bed of the stream, the location of any otiier
bridge or bridges, and shall furnish sucli other information
as may be retpiired for a full and satisfactory understaud-
iug of the subject; and until the said ])lan ami location of
the bridge or bridges are ap|'' ' v tlie Sei!r('tai;y of
"War the bri ' bridges sh built; and should
any cliane' in thej" luidgcM, or eitlier <''i'"'s«'
9ith6mtj rPQtf ''*"i such change
^
3476 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
shall be subject to approval of the Secretary of War. And
the said structure shall be changed at the cost and expense
of the owners thereof, from time to time, as the Secretary
of War may direct, so as to preserve the free and conve-
nient navigation of gaid streams, and the authority to erect
and continue any and all of said bridges shall be subject to
revocation by the Secretary of War whenever the public
good, in his. judgment, so requires.
Amendment, Sec. G. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
^^^' is hereby expressly reserved.
niiM. t "ilui** "com". ^^^- '^- '^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^''^^^ ^^ ^^"^^ '^"^^ ^'^^^^ '^ actual cou-
piVtiou* " struction of the bridge or bridges herein authorized be not
commenced within one year and completed within three
years from the approval of this Act.
Approved, April 5, 1894.
April 21. 1894. CHAP. 58. — Au Act Authori/jng the Tozarkan<'% and Fort Smith
_ Railway Compauy to bridge the Sulphur River in the iStato of Arkan-
sas or ill the State of Texas.
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives
Toxar^s^AJlaa,n^\ of the United Htatcs of America in Congress assembled^ That
wa? company til® Tcxarkana and Fort Smith Railway Company, its snc-
«Y>' ^'ri<i«e sul- cessors or assigns, be, and is hereby, authorized to con-
Ari" or Tex!*' '^' struct and maintain a railway bridge, and approaches
thereto, over and across Sulphur Kiver \\\ the Stat© ot
Arkansas, or in the State of Texas, at such point as may
be selected by said railway company for crossing said river
with its railroad line, said point selected to be subject to the
approval of the Secretary of War. Said bridge shall be
jiniiwav, wag coustructed to provide for the passage of railway trains,
briii-e." ^"**^and, at the option of said company, may be used for the
passage of wagons and vehicles of all kinds, for the transit
of animals, and for foot i)assengers, for such reasonable
Toll. rates of toll as may be approved from time to time by
the Secretary of War. That if the said bridge shall be
nigbbridKc. made with unbroken and continuous spans, there shall be
at least one span of a height of not less than eighty feet
above low water, or fifty feet above highest water, as
understood at the i)oint of location, measured to the lowest
l)art of tlie superstructure of said bridge; and said span
shall have a clear opening of at least one hundred aid
tifiy feet between the piers, measured at right angles to
the current, and shall be over the main channel of the
river; and the bridge shall be at right angles to, and the
, ., ])iers parallel with, the current of the river. And if the
" ' bridge over the said river shall be constructed as a draw
or pivot bridge, the draw or xiivot pier shall be over the
main channel of the river at an accessible navigable jmint,
and the openings on each side of the pivot ])ier shall Qot
be less than one hundred feet in the clear, unless other-
wise exi)ressly directed by the Secretary of War, and if
so directed shall be according to such direction, and
the said opening shall be accessible at all stages of
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINKERS. 3477
water, and the spans shall be not less than ten feet
above extreme high water, as understood at the point of
location, to the lowest part of the superstructure of the
bridge, and the piers and draw rests shall be parallel with,
and the bridge at right angles to, the current of the river;
and no riprap or other outside protection for imperfect
foundations shall be permitted to approach nearer than four
feet to the surface of the water at its extreme low stage, or
otherwise to encroach upon the channel ways provided for
in this Act; and the draw shall be opened ])romptly npon Opening draw.
reasonable signal for the passing of boats; and whatever
kind of bridge shall be constructed said company shall
maintain, at its own expense, from sunset till sunrise,
thronghout the season of navigation, such lights or other Light**, etc.
signals on said bridge as the Light-House Board may i)re-
sei ibe. •
Sec. 2. That the bridge built under this Act, and subject Lawful atruct-
to its limitations, shall be a lawfnl structure, and shall be°J^®^"°*^ p**"'
recognized and known as a post route, upon which also no
higher charge shall be made for the transmission over the
same of the nmils, the troops, and the munitions of war of
the United States than the rate per mile paid for the trans-
portation over the railroad or public highways leading to
the said bridge; and it shall enjoy the rights and privi-
leges of other post roads in the United States.
Sec. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained unobstructed
under the authority of this Act which shall at any time "*^'^8***°"'
substantially or materially obstruct the free navigation of
said river; and if the bridge erected under such authority
shall, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, obstruct
such navigation, he is hereby authorized to cause such
change or alteration of said bridge to be made as will
efl'ectually obviate such obstruction; and all such altera-
ticms shall be made and all such obstructions be removed
at the expense of the owner or owners of said bridge.
And in case of any litigation arising from any obstruction Litigation.
or alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said river,
caused or alleged to be caused by said bridge, the case
may be luought in the district court of the United States
for the State of Arkansas, in whose jurisdiction any por-
tion of said obstruction or bridge maybe located : Provided j Proviso.
That nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to repeal
or modil'y any of the provisions of law now existing in ref- Existing laws
erence to the protection of the navigation of rivers or to "®^ "^**^^®**'
exenix)t said bridge from the operation of the same.
Sec. 4. That all railway companies desiring the use of ^««^ i>y other
said bridge shall have and be entitled to equal rights and*^^"^^'*""**
pi ivileges relative to the i)assage of railway trains over the
same, and over the approaches thereto, upon payment of
a reasonable compensation for such use.
Se(\ ;■). That the bridge authorized to be constructed s«cie tar y of
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject piaua/etc.**'*^'*'*'
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe ; and to secure
that object tlie said company or corporation shall submit
to the Secretary of War, for his examination and ai)i)roval.
3478 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
a design and drawings of said bridge and a map of the loca-
tion, giving, for tlie space of one mile above and one mile
below the proposed location, the topography of the banks
of the river, the shore lines at high and low water, the
direction and strength of the currents at all stages, aud
the soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream,
the location of any other bridge or bridge-*, and shall fur-
nish such other information as may be required for a full
and satisfactory understanding of the subject; and until
the said plan and location of the bridge are approved by
the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be built; and
Changes. should any change be made in the plan of said bridfje
during the progress of construction, such change shall be
subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. And the
said structure sliall be changed at the cost and expense of
• the owners thereof, from time to time, as the Secretary of
War may direct, so as to preserve the free and convenient
navigation of said river, and the authority to erect and
continue said bridge shall be subject to revocation by the
Secretary of War whenever the public good, in his judg-
ment, so requires.
Amend raent. Seg. C. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
is hereby expressly reserved.
commpnccment Sec. 7. That this Act shall be null and void if actual con-
aiid completion, structiou of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced
within one year and completed within three j^ears from the
approval of this Act.
Airproved, April 21, 1894.
etc
April 21, 1894. CHAP. 59. — An Act To extend the time authorizing the S«aiiit Louia
--- jjmi Birmingham Railroad to build a bridge across Tennessee Kiver
at Clifton, Tennessee.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Houfse of Representativcft
Britigo across 0/ the Uiiitcd States of America in Congress assemhkd. That
nmXu* Tenn! the Saint Louis and Birmingham Railway Company, being
a corporation created and organized under the laws of the
State of Tennessee, and to which authority was given by an
^^j ^ ^ ^- Act of Congress entitled *^ An Act to authorize building ii
o . . , p i. |^j,jj^^ ^y^^, Tennessee River," approved June sixth, eight-
een hundred and ninety-two, is hereby given the right to
begin the construction of the bridge tlierein authorized
Time for cod- accordiiig to thc terms of said Act within twelve mouths
8tructionextenfi fi-oiii tlic approval of this Act, the said bridge to be coni-
• pleted within three years from said date. It is hereby
further provided that if the construction of said bridge he
not commenced and the structure completed within the
times hereinbefore mentioned, then this Act, and that
approved June sixth, eighteen hundred aud ninety-two, to
which reference is hereinbefore made, shall be null aud
void.
Amendment. Sec. 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
^^'^- is hereby expressly reserved without any liability on the
part of the United States for any damages on account of
such alteration, amendment, or repeal.
Approved, April 21, 1804.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3479
eo.— An Act To tmthorizc the AVest Braddock Bridge Com- April 21, 18M.
pany to construct n bridge oyer tho ^louougabela River from tlie
borough of Rankin to MiiHin Township.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Tliat^^siBraddock
it shall be lawful for the West Braddoek Bridge Coiniiiiiiy, maylfririgo^S
a corporation organized under the laws of the Coninion-^l""p^,^^^^^^i^'^r,
wealth of Pennsylvania, to construct and maintain a bridge ty, !\i.
and apx)roaches thereto over the Monongahela River from
a point in tho borough of Kaukin, in the county of Alle-
glieny, to a point in Miftlin Township, in tho county of
Allegheny.
Sec. 2. That said bridge may be constructed to provide i'- --^ i i ^ a y,
« ., X. 1 X • i. ^4. 1 wajrou, and loot
for the i)assage of railway trains, street cars, wagons, and biuigc.
vehicles of all kinds, for the transit of animals, foot pas-
sengers, and all kinds of commerce, travel, or coinmniiica-
tion, and said corporation may charge and receive reason-
able tolls therefor, subject to the approval of the Secretary
of War.
Sec. 3. That any bridge built under this Act and subject bawtui struct-
to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall be route!*"* ^°"'
recognized and known as a post- route, and it .shall enjoy
tho rights and privileges of other jmst-roads in the Unfted
States: rrovided^ That the United States may construct Proviso.
a postal telegraph over said bridge without charge there- grapi/"^ ^^^^
for.
Skc. 4. That said bridge shall be built and located under socntary of
and subject to such regulations for the security of naviga- J,ia"ns.^ctc.^^"^^*^
tion of said river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe;
and to this end the said corporation shall submit to the
Secretary of War for his examination and approval the
X)lans and drawings of said bridge, and a map of the pro-
l)osed location, giving, for the space of one mile each way,
the topography of tho banks of the river and the shore
lines at high and low water, the direction and strength of
the current at all stages, and the soundings, accurately
showing the bed of the stream, the location of any other
bridge or bridges in the vicinity, and shall furnish such
other inlbrmation as may bo required for a full and satis-
factory understanding of the subject, and until the plan
and location of said bridge have been approved by the
Secretary of War, the bridge shall not be commenced or
built: Provided J That the channel si)an of said bridge shall rrovUo.
be in length not less than four hundred feet in the clear. C'i»aniiei span.
Sec. 5. That all railroad comi)anie8 desiring the use o^\J;l,''y^,-i^^^^^^^'^
any bridge constructed under this Act shall have and j^^^/^^'"!''"' ^'*'
entitled to equal rights and privileges relative to the ])as-
sage of raihray trains or cars over the same and the
approaches thereto, upon payment of reasonable compen- c«miiHnsation.
satioii for such use; and in case the owner or owners of
said bridge and the several railroad companies, or any of
theiu desiring such use, shall fail to agree upon the sum or
sums to be paid and upon rules and conditions to which
each shall conform in using said bridge, all matters at issue
between them shall be decided by the Secretary (»f War
upon a hearing of the allegations and proof of the parties.
3478 REPORT OF THE CHIE*' OP RNGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
a design and drawings of said bridge and a luap of the loca-
tion, giving, for the space of one mile above and one mile
below the proposed location, the topography of the banks
of the river, the shore lines at high and low water, the
direction and strength of the currents at all stages, aud
the soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream,
the location of any other bridge or bridge -s, and shall fur-
nish such other information as may be required for a full
and satisfactory understanding of the subject; and until
the said plan and location of the bridge are approved by
the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be built; and
Changes. should any change be made iu the plan of said bridge
during the progress of construction, such change shall he
subject to tlie approval of the Secretary of War. And the
said structure shall be changed at the cost and expense of
• the owners thereof, from time to time, as the Secretary of
War may direct, so as to i)reserve the free aud convenient
navigation of said river, and the authority to ercj.'t and
continue said bridge shall be subject to revocation by the
Secretary of War whenever the public good, in his judg-
ment, so requires.
Amcndraeiit, Seg. C. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
^**^ is hereby expressly reserved,
corampnccment Sec. 7. That this Act shall be null and void if actual con-
and completion, gtructiou of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced
within one year and completed within three j'cars from the
approval of this Act.
Approved, April 21, 1894.
April 21, 1894. CHAP. 59. — An Act To extend the time authorizing the Saiut Louis
an(j^ Birmingham Railroad to build a bridge across Tennessee Kivcr
at Clifton, Tennessee.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of RepresentatircH
Bridge across o/f/ie United States of America in Conqress assembled^ That
ata^ftou!'Snn!the Saint Louis and Birmingham Railway Company, being
a corporation created and organized nnder the laws of the
State of Tennessee, and to which authority was given by an
^^^j 27 47 ^^^ ^^ Congress entitled "An Act to authorize building w
" bridge over Tennessee River," approved June sixth, eight-
een hundred and ninety-two, is hereby given the right to
begin the constructifm of the bridge therein authorized
Time lor con- according to the terms of said Act within twelve mouths
8tructionextenii fvQjji the ai)proval of this Act, the said bridge to be com-
• pleted within three years from said date. It is hereby
further provided that if the construction of said bridge be
not commenced and the structure completed within the
times hereinbefore mentioned, then this Act, and that
approved June sixth, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, to
which reference is hereinbefore made, shall be null and
void.
Amendment, Sec. 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
^^*^' is hereby expressly reserved without any liability on the
part of the United States for any damages on account of
such alteration, amendment, or repeal.
Approved, April 21, 1894.
I
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3479
60.— An Act To authorize tho West Braddock Bridge Com- April 21, 1804.
pany to construct a bridge over tlio Mouougaliela River from the
borough of Raukiu to Mifflin Township.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress asseinhledj Tliat^cstBraiidock
it shall be lawful for the West Braddock Bridge Company, niayirrid^g"o^Mo^
a corporation organized under the laws of tlie Coin moiV "^•j''^!^;^j^j^^»i^^^^
wealth of Pennsylvania, to construct and maintain a bridge u, rr!*^"^
and approaches thereto over the Monongahela Kiver from
a point in the borougli of Kankin, in the county of Alle
gheny, to a point in Mifflin Township, in the county of
Allegheny.
Sec. 2. That said bridge may be constructed to Provide ^^'^JJ^^^^^) JJj
for the passage of railway trains, street cars, wagons, and bridge!
vehicles of all kinds, for the transit of animals, foot pas-
sengers, and Jill kinds of commerce, travel, or communica-
tion, and said corporation may charge and receive reason-
able tolls therefor, subject to the approval of the Secretary
of War.
Sec. 3. That any bridge built under this Act and subject Lawful siruct-
to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall berdutc!*"^ ^^^^
recognized and known as a post- route, and it .shall enjoy
the rights and privileges of other post-roads in the Unfted
States: Provided^ That the United States may construct Proviso.
a postal telegraph over said bridge without charge there- prapiK**^ ^^^^
for.
Sec. 4. That said bridge shall be built and located under secretary of
and subject to such regulations for the security of naviga- pia^uVotc.^^^^*^
tion of said river as the Secretary of War shall i^rescribe;
and to this end the said corporation shall submit to the
Secretary of War for his examination and ai)proval the
plans and drawings of said bridge, and a map of the pro-
posed location, giving, for the space of one mile each way,
the topography of the banks of the river and the shore
lines at high and low water, the direction and strength of
the current at all stages, and the soundings, accurately
showing the bed of the stream, the location of any other
bridge or bridges in the vicinity, and shall furnisli such
other information as may be required for a full and satis-
factory understanding of the subject, and until the plan
and location of said bridge have been apjjroved by the
Secretary of War, the bridge shall not be commenced or
built: Provided, That the channel span of said bridge shall rrovUo.
be in length not less than four hundred ieet in the clear, chamiti opan.
Sec. 5. That all railroad companies desiring the use of /^'•^'-^y^'^^^"**^*^
any bridge constructed under this Act shall have and ][^^./^'"i"*"*^*
entitled to equal rights and privileges relative to the pas-
sage of raihray trains or cars over the same and tlie
approaches thereto, upon payment of reasonable compen- comiM-nsation.
satioii for such use; and in case the owner or owners of
said bridge and the several railroad companies, or any of
theiu desiring such use, shall fail to agree upon the sum or
sums to be paid and upon rules and conditions to which
each shall conform in using said bridge, all matters at issue
between them shall be decided by the Secretary of War
upon a hearing of the allegations and proof of the parties.
3180 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Unobstructed Sec. 6. That Said bridge herein authorized to be con-
navigation. striicted sliaH be so kept and nianaf^ed at all times as to
afi'ord proper means and ways for the ] massage ot vessels,
barges, or rafts both by day and by night, and there shall
bo displayed on said bridge by the owners thereof, from
Lights, etc. sunset to sunrise, such lights or other signals as the Liglit-
ciiaiiges. H<mse Board may prescribe; and such changes shall be
maile from time to time in the structure of saul bridge as
Congress may direct, at the expense of said bridge com-
l)any, in order the more effectually to preserve the free
navigation of said river.
Amend ra cut, isec. 7. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
®*^' is hereby expressly reserved, and the right to require any
changes in said structure or its entire removal at the
expense of the owners thereof, or the corporation of i)er-
sons controlling the same, whenever public interests require
it, is also reserved.
Commencement Sec. 8. That tliis Act shall be null and void if actual
and compieuon. t.Qj,j5truction of the bridge herein authorized be not com-
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date of the approval of this Act.
Approved, April 21, 1894.
April 21, 1804. CHAP. 61. — An Act To provide for further urgent deaciencies in the
appropriations for the service of the (government for the tisi-al year
eudiug June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, and for other
purposes.
urffpnt deft. Be if enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
pnatiou«. ''^^'''" <lf *^'« United States of America in Congress assembled, That
the following sums, or so much thereof as may be necessary,
be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, out of any money
in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the objects
hereinafter expressed, being for the service of the fiscal
year eighteen hundred and ninety-four, namely:
w,.r Depart. WAR DEPARTMENT.
nu'iit.
TmXr"'^^^'^^ That the appropriation of eleven thousand nine hundred
Appionriationand fiftveight dollars, made for the repair of the old Ford's
contnuiea. Thcatc'r building by the Act approved March twelfth, eight-
een hundred and ninety-four, is made available for ex])end-
ibure during the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety-
five.
Harbor ^''^^ Habkor OF New York: For prevention of obstructive
and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent
waters of New York City:
^^t( aiuer "Xim ^Qf pj|y of eiew aud maintenance of steamer Nimrod, two
thousand dollars.
« * • # . • •
Approved, April 21, 1894.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
3481
April 21, 1894.
High bridge.
Draw bridge.
CHAP. 62. — An Act Authorizing the Toxarkana and Fort Smith
Railway Company to bridge Little River, in the State of Arkansas. " "
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the FOTtlfmmr Ha^^
Texiirkana and Fort Smith Railway Coiiipany,its successors ^ay bom puny
or a^isigiis, be, and is hereby, authorized to construct and ue^ive^ft Mor-
niaintiun a railway bridge, and approaches thereto, over and r>» *'«^rrv. Ark.
across Little liiver, in the State of Arkansas, at or near
Morris Ferry. Said bridge shall be constructed \o pro-
vide for the passage of railway trains, and, at the option of Railway. wagon,
said company, may be used for the passage of wagons and "°'^ *^^^ bnuge.
vehicles of all kinds, for the transit of animals, and for
foot passengers for such reasonable rates of toll as may be
approved from time to time by the Secretary of War. That
if the said bridge shall be made with unbroken aud contin-
iu>u8 spans there shall be at least one span of a height of
not less than fifty feet above low water as understood at
the jjoint of location, measured to the lowest part of the
superstructure of said bridge; and said span shall have
a clear opening of at least two hundred and fifty feet
between the piers, measured at right angles to the current,
and shall be over the main chai-inel of the river, and the
bridge shall be at right angles to, and the piers parallel
w»ith, the current of the river. And if the bridge over the
said liver shall be constructed as a draw or pivot bridge
the draw or pivot pier shall be over the main channel of
the river at an accessible navigable point, and the openings
on each side of the pivot pier shall not be less than one
hundred and thirty feet in the dear, unless otherwise
expressly directed by the Secretary of War, and, if so
directed, shall be according to such direction, and the said
openings shall be accessible at all stages of water, and the
spans shall be not less than ten feet above extreme higli
water, as understood at the point of location, to the lowest
I)art of the snperstructure of the bridge, and the piers and
draw rests shall be parallel with and the bridge at right
angles to the current of the river; and no ripra]) or other
outside protection for imperfect foundations shall be per-
mitted to approach nearer than four feet to the surface
of, the water, at its extreme low stage, or otherwise to
encroach upon the channelways provided for in this Act;
and the draw shall be opened promptly u])on reasonable
signal for the i)assing of boats; and whatever kind of
bridge shall be constructed said company shall maintain,
at its own expense, from sunset till sunrise throughout
the season of navigation, such lights or other signals on
said bridge as the Light-House Board may prescribe.
Sec 2. That the bridge built under this Act, and subject
to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall be route
recognized and known as a post route, upon which also no
higher charge shall be made for the transmission over the
same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war of
the United States than the rate per mile paid for the trans-
poitation over the railroad or public highways leading to
Opening draw.
LightH. etc.
Lawful Htruct-
uro and post
i
3482 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF E:NGI^^':ERS, U. S. ARMY.
the saitl bridge; and it shall enjoy the rights and privileges
of other post-roads in the United States.
ruobRtructoti Sec. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained
navigation. ^^^^^, ^^^^ authority of this Act which shall at any time sub-
stantially or materially obstruct the free navigation of said
river ; and if the bridge erected under such authority shall,
in the opinion of tlie Secretary of War, obstruct such
navigation, he is hereby authorized to cause such change
or alteration of said bridge to be made as will effectually
obviate such obstruction; and all such alterations shall be
made and all such obstructions be removed at the expense
of the owner or owners of said bridge. And in case of any
Litigation. litigation arising from any obstruction or alleged obstruc-
tion to the free navigation of said river, caused or alleged
to be caused by said bridge, the case may be brought in
the district court of the United States for the State of
Arkansas^ in whose pirisdiction any portion of said obstruc-
Provuo. tion or bridge may be located: Provided^ That nothing in
this Act shall be so construed as to repeal or modify any of
Exifttinj; laws the provisious of law now existing in reference to the pro
not affected. tectiou of the iiavigatiou of rivers or to exempt said bridge
from the operation of the same. .
Use by other Sec. 4. That all railway companies desiring the use of
companies. g^^j^^ bridge sluill have and be entitled to equal rights and
privileges relative to the passage of railway trains over the
same, and over the approaches thereto, upon payment of a
reasonable compensation for such use.
Secretary of Sec. 5. That tlic bridge authorized to be constructed
pTans^otc.^^"*^^ under this Act shall be built and located under and subject
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to s n-ure
that object the said company or corporation shall submit
to the Secretary of War, for his examination and approval,
a design and drawings of said bridge and a map of the
location, giving for the space of one mile above and one
mile below the proposed location, the topography of the
banks of the river, the shore lines at high and low water,
the direction and strength of the currents at all stages,
and the soundings, accurately showing the bed of tlie
stream, the location of any other bridge or bridges, and
shall furnish such other information as may be required
for a full and satisfactory understanding of the subject;
and until the said plan and location of the bridge are
approved by the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be
Changes. built; aud .should any change be made in the i)lan of such
bridge during the progi^ess of construction, such change
shall be subject to the approval ot* the Secretary of War.
And the said structure shall be changed at the cost and
expense of the owners thereof, from time to time as the
Secretary of War may direct, so as to preserve the free and
convenient navigation of said river, and the authority to
erect and continue said bridge shall be subject to revoca-
tion by the Secretary of War, whenever the public good,
in his judgment, so requires. .
Ai: ( r.dnicnt . Seo. (). That thc right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
i."^ hereby expressly reserved.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3483
Sec. 7. That this Act shall be null and void if actual con- ConniuMicfiment
stvuction of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced ^*" <^on.piction.
within one year and completed within three years from the
approval of this Act.
Approved, April 21, 1894.
CHAP. 64. — An Act To authorize tlio ronstrnrii«m of i\ steel bridge April 24,1S94.
over the Saint Louis Kiv«»r, between the States ot'Wiscousiu and Miu-
iiesota.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Reprcsentafi res
of the United States of America in Cbnf/rcss assembled, That DuJuth ana
the Duluth and Superior Bridge Company, a corporation company "m!fy
organized under the laws of the State of Wisconsin, andhri<if:e smiit
its successors in interest be, and is hereby, authorized to J;"rs i»oiXw?";
construct and maintain and operateabridge and approaches *j^ ^^'^cb Pointi
thereto over the Saint Louis liiver, between the States of
Wisconsin and Minnesota, extending from the northerly
end of Conners Point, Wisconsin, to llices Point, opposite,
m the State of Minnesota. Said bridge shall be con-
structed to provide for the passage of street railway cars. Railway, wag-
steam cars, on double tracks permitting the passage of{;"j,|,*"*^ *^^*
trains in opposite directions at the same time, and for the
passage of wagons and vehicles of all kinds, and for the
transit of animals, and for foot passengers, under such
reasonable rules and regulations as may be prescribed by
said company or its successors in interest, and for such
reasonable rates of toll as may be agreed upon by the t..ii.
l)arties in interest and approved by the Secretary of War:
Provided, hoicever, That the right of passage over said Proviso.
bridge and approaclies shall at all times be free to the Fm^ passage.
employees and apparatus of the fire and police departments
of the cities of Duluth and Superior, when in actual service.
And in case of any litigation concerning any alleged Litigation.
obstruction to the free navigation of said river on account
of said bridge the cause shall be tried before the circuit
court of tlie United States in whose jurisdiction any por-
tion of said obstruction or bridge is located.
Sec. 2. That any bridge built under the provisions of „\!f°jJi^*u"*^^*^**
this Act shall be built and constrm^ted without material ""^^^'^ *""'
interference with the security and convenience of naviga-
tion on said river beyond what is necessary to carry into
effect the rights and privileges hereby granted, and shall
be at least twenty-oight feet in height in the clear above
high water mark, with rafting spans on either side of the
draw of not less than two liundred and fifty feet each;
and, in order to secure compliance with these conditions,
the said corporation shall submit to the Secretary of War a s»^crotary of
plan of the bridge and accessory works i)rovided for in this pUns. ctc.^*^'^**^ "^
Act, together M'ith a detailed map of the river for a distance
of one mile above and one mile below the proposed site of
said bridge, with such information as inay be required by
the Secretary of War for a full and satisfactory under-
standing of the subject; and the Secretary of War is hereby
authorized nnd directed, upon receiving such plan and map
•Ration.
3484 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
and other information and being satisfied that the bridge
built upon such phm and with such accessory works and
at sucli locality will conform to the prescribed condition of
* this Act, to notify the company that he approved the same;
and upon receiving such notification the said company
may i)roceed to the erection of said bridge, conforming
strictly to the approved plan and location; but until the
Secretary of War shall approve the plan and location of
said bridge and accessory works, and notify the company
of the same, the bridge shall not be built or commenced;
and should any change be made or become necessary in
the plan of the bridge or accessory works during the
chiniges. i)rogress of construction or after completion such change
shall likewise be subject to the approval and direction of
Proviso. the Secretary of War: Proxnded^ however, That if, in the
opinion of the Secretary of War, the interests of navigation
Fvodiu tion of permit it, it shall be within his discretion to reduce the
iKiKbt. requirement of height in the clear above high-water mark
from twenty-eight feet to twenty-six feet.
Aiii« to navi- Sec. 3. That the accessory works referred to in the pre-
ceding section shall be such booms, dikes, piers, or other
suitable and proper structures for confining the flow of
water to a permanent channel, and for the guiding of steam-
boats, rafts, and other water craft safely througii the draw
and rafting spans, as shall be required by the Secretary of
War; and in addition thereto, and before the construction
of the bridge to be built under this Act, the company or
persons owning or holding such bridge shall be required,
under the direction of the Secretary of War or such oflScer
Dredging re- as lic sluill designate, to dredge out to a minimum depth
umi. ^^ twenty-one feet the two triangular spaces above and
below the proposed site of the bridge included in the inte-
rior angles formed by the crossing of the two channels at
"the gate," to such an extent as to create a basin, the east-
erly and westerly limits of which shall be, respectively, at
not to exceed one thousand feet from the axis of the bridge,
and such basin shall be maintained by the said company
or persons owning and holding said bridge, at all times
thereafter, in a condition affording safe navigation to all
vessels drawing twenty feet of water.
Draw. Sec. 4. That the bridge built under this Act shall be
constructed as a jnvot drawbridge, with the draw over the
main channel of the river at an accessible and navigable
point, and with a span of not less than two hundred feet
in length in the clear on each side of the central or pivot
pier of the draw, measured at right angles to the axis of
Provisos. the channel: Provided^ That the said draw shall be opened
Opening draw. p^.Q^^^p^jy Q^j reasonable signal for the passage of boats,
vessels, and other water craft: And provided further^ That
said company or corporation shall maintain at its own
expense, from sunset to vsunrise through the season of nav-
Lights, etc. igatiou, such lights or othcr signals on said bridge as the
Light- House Board shall prescribe. Tlie su]>erstructure of
said bridge shall be constructed of iron and steel, and be
sufficiently supported by abutments and piers of solid
masonrv.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
3485
Sec. 5. That all street and other railway companies, u»« Vy '**^*>'
telegraph and telephone companies desiring tiie use of said ®®°^p*"*®**-
bridge shall have and be entitled to equal rights and
privileges relative to the passage of cars and stringing
wires over the same and over the approaches thereto upon
the payment of a reasonable compensation for such use; compeDaation.
and in case the owner or owners of said bridge and the
several street and other railway companies, or any of them,
desiring such use shall fail to agree on the sum or sums to
be paid, and on the rules and conditions to which each shall
conform in using said bridge, all matters at issue between
them shall be decided by the Secretary of War, upon hear-
ing the allegations and proofs of the parties in question.
And all owners and persons in charge of wagons and Pootand wagon
vehicles and animals of all kinds, and all foot passengers, p*'*^®^*-
shall have and be entitled to equal rights to passage and
transit over said bridge, and over the approaches thereto,
upon payment of a reasonable comj^ensation for such use,
such rate of compensation to be agreed upon by and between Compousauon.
the common councils of the cities of Superior and Duluth
and the owner or owniers of said bridge; and in case the
owner or owners of said bridge and the said common
councils fail to agree on the sum or sums to be paid 'all
matters of issue between them shall be decided by the
Secretary of War, upon hearing of tlie allegations and
jjroofs of the parties in question.
SiiC. G. That the company or i)ersons owning and holding saietoDuinth
such bridge shall, at any time after the completion thereof, JJ" wia^'autK?-
sell and transfer the same to the city of Duluth, in thei*©**-
connty of Saint Louis, in the State of Minnesota, and to
the city of Superior, in the county of Douglas, in the
State of Wisconsin, or to the said counties jointly, and sur-
render the entire control and management thereof, with
all the rights and privileges and franchises thereto apper-
taining, upon payment to such holders and owners of the
total amount expended up to the time of the transfer in
and about the construction, maintenance, and repairs of
said bridge and its approaches and ac(!essory works, as well
as expended in dredging the channel to and through the
draw of such bridge, with interest thereon at tlie rate of
seven per centum per annum, less the net income from the
tolls; in which event, and in case of the due consummation
of such transfer, the said counties or cities shall thence-
•torth be subject to all the obligations and conditions conditionB.
imposed by the provisions of this Act, and shjill assume
and pay at their maturity the unmatured obligations, if
any, of the said company or persons, not exceeding in
amount the purchase price of said bridge as herein ino-
vided, and the amount of such obligations so assumed, with
the accrued interest thereon, shall be deducted from the
amount of said purchase i)rice, and the remainder only
shall l)e paid to said company or i)ersons: Fro vided j That
said bridge and its approaches thereafter shall be made
free of tolls to wagons, teams, and foot passengers, and Freepa8»ago.
street-railway cars.
Proviso.
348€ KErOET OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S ARMY.
xawfai fttrnct^ Sec. 7. That the bridge ami accessory works constmcted
route*"* ^*** under this Act and according to its terms and limitations
shall be a lawful structure, and shall be recognized and
known as a post route upon which no higher charge shall
be made for the transmission over the same of the mails,
the troops, and munitions of war of the United States thaa
the rate per mile paid for the transportation over the rail-
roads or public highways leading to said bridge, and said
bridge shall enjoy the rights and privileges of •ther post
routes in the United 8ates, and the United States shall
Postal tele havc the right of way for postal telegraph purposes across
erap*»- said bridge.
Amendiueiit, Sec. 8. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
®^' is hereby expressly reserved; and the right to require any
changes in said structure, at the expense of the owners
thereof, whenever Congress shall decide that the pubhc
interests require it, is also expressly reserved.
commonccm*^nt Seo. 9. That tliis Act sliall bc null and void if actual
and compiouon. eoustruction of the bridge therein authorized be not com-
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date of the passage of this Act.
Approved, April 24, 1894.
May 1, 1894. CHAP. 67. — An Act To antborize tho Saint Louis River Bridge Com-
pany and the Dnlnth Transfer Kailway Coni]>any to construct, main-
tain, and operate a bridge over tbe Saint Lonis Kiver from a point at
or near Grassy Point, in tbe village of West Dnlutb, Minnesota, to tho
most available point opposite, in tbe State of Wisconsin.
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Reprcseniatives
Saint "LoniBof the United States of America in Congrcss assembled^ That
cimpan y^an d *^® Saint Lottis Kivcr Bridge Company, a corporation organ-
Diiiuth Transfer ized and cxisting under the laws of the State of Wisconsin,
pany^m^ay in-fd^^^ and tlic Duluth Transfer Kailw^ay Company, a corporation
er^° Minn^* ^nmi Created, Organized, and existing under and by virtue of the
wi8. "' " * laws of the State of Minnesota, and their respective suc-
cessors in interest be, and are hereby, authorized to con-
struct, maintain, and operate a bridge, with the approaches
thereto, over the Saint Louis Kiver, between the States of
Minnesota and Wisconsin, extending from or near Grassy
Point, West Duluth, in the State of Minnesota, to the most
available point opposite in the city of Superior, in the
county of Douglas, and State of Wisconsin. Said bridge .
shall bc constructed to provide for tho passage of cars, loco-
motives, and trains of railway companies and shall have
laid thereon and thereover raiJroad tracks for the more per-
fect connection of any railroads that are«or may be con-
structed to said bridge, or the place of its location, to the
end that interchange of traffic may be encouraged and inter-
state commerce promoted and facilitated; and the same
luiiway. tran;- sball bc SO built as to providc ibr and permit of the pas^^a.^'C
bridV*^ *^«"t thereover of the cars and rolling stock of street railway
"*^'" companies, wagons, carriages and vehicles of all kinds,
animals, foot passengers, and travelers under such reiisou-
able rules and reguhitions as may be prescribed by the said
■I
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 34&T
•
companies authorized hereby to construct the same, or their
successors in interest, and for such reasonable rates of toll tou.
as may be fixed by said companies, to be approved from
time to time by the Secretary of War: Provided^ hoicever. Proviso.
That said bridge and its approaches shall be made free of ^^^^ paasafre.
tolls to wagons, teams, foot passengers, and street railways
at the end of twenty years from the passage of this Act if
not made free before the end of said time.
Sec. 2. That the bridge to be built under this Act shall ^^^-^^
be constructed as a pivot drawbridge, with a draw over the
main channel of said river, at an accessible and naviga-
ble point, to be approved by the Secretary of War, and
with spans of not less than one hundred and seventy- five
feet in length in the clear on each side of the central or
pivot pier of the draw^; and also a fixed span with a length
of not less than one hundred and seventy-five feet to per-
mit the passage of rafts under said bridge; and said draw
shall be opened promptly, at reasonable signal, for the pas- opening draw.
sage of boats, vessels, and other water craft whose con-
struction shall be such as not to admit of their i)assage
under the draw of said bridge when closed, but in no case
shall unnecessary delay occur in the opening of said draw;
and there shall be maintained by such corporations, at
their own expense, from sunset to sunrise, such lights or Ligbt8, etc.
other signals upon said bridge as the Light-House Board
may {prescribe; and there shall also be maintained, at their
own exx>eiise, sheer booms or other proper protection to
guide rafts, boats, vessels, and water craft through said Aias to navi-
draw spans; and the said company or companies may do ^*^^**"
any dredging necessary for confining the flow of water to
a permanent channel or to the maintenance thereof at
navigable dei)ths.
Sec. 3. That the bridge and accessory works and Lawful struct-
improvements constructed under this Act and according to rJuto"° ^***
its terms and limitations shall be a lawful strxicture, and
said bridge shall be recognized and known as a post route
upon which no higher charge shall be made for the trans-
portation over the sameof tlie mails, troops, and munitions
of war of the United States than the rate per mile paid for
their transmission over railroads and public highways
leading to said bridge, and the United States shall have
the rig^lit of way for postal and telegraph purposes across
said bridge, free of charge.
Sec. 4. Tliat it shall be lawful for the said companies construction
hereby authorized to construct the said bridge to make
such contracts and agreements respecting the construction
and maintenance of said bridge as they may desire, not in
contravention of the provisions hereof, and may, it' they
so desire, contract and agree with each other as to their
ownership and control of the respective portions of said
biidgc, to the end, if they so desire, that the said railway
company may be invested with the ownership, control,
management, and maintenance of that portion thereof
devoted to railway traffic, and the said other company be
invested with the ownership, management, control, and
maintenance of the residue of said structure, or to the end
3488 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
•
that the best and most feasible method may be by said
companies devised for the ownership and maiiiteDance of
said structure; and it shall be lawful, in case the said
companies hereby authorized to construct said bridge shall
so desire, for them to enter into contract together, whereby
either of said companies may construct the same under
the authority hereby given, and enter into coutract
together as to the ownership, rights, and control of the
respective parties in interest; but nothing herein shall
relieve either of said companies or corporations from any
liability for a failure to comply with the provisions of this
Act.
Use by rail Sec. 5. That all railToad companies desiring to use that
'^^'^^'*"*^*°*®* portion of said bridge constructed for railroad purposes
shall have and be entitled to equal rights and privileges
in the passing over the same and in the use of the machin-
ery and fixtures thereof and of the approaches thereto for
^ * a reasonable compensation, to be paid to the owner or
owners thereof, and if the owner or owjiers of said bridge
and the several railroad companies, or either or any of
them desiring such use, shall fail to agree upon the sum
or sums to be paid, and the rules and conditions to which
each shall conform in using the same, all matters at issue
between them shall be decided by the Secretary of War
upon a hearing of the allegations and proofs of the par-
lies, of which hearing each party shall have due notice,
and the determination of the Secretary of War thereof
shall be binding upon the parties to such controversy.
Use by street Sfx. G. That all strcct railwfiy coiupauies desiriug to use
railways. ^^^^ portion of Said bridge constructed and applicable for
such use shall have and be entitled to equal rights and
privileges relative to the passage of their cars and rolling
stock thereover and over the approaches thereto upon the
Coraiwnsation. pjiymcnt of a rcasouable com])ensation for such use ; and in
case the owner or owners of said bridge or any i)ortion
thereof, and the street railway company or companies so
desiring to use the same, shall fail to agree upon the sum
or sums to be paid upon the rules and conditions to which
each shall conform in using the same, all matters at issue
between them shall be decided by the Secretary of War in
the manner provided in the last preceding section.
T ran af er of Sec. 7. That the compauy or persons owning and holding
hitil ^Tud" sui such bridge shall, at jiny time after the completion thereof,
porior. sell aiid transfer the same, or such portion thereof as is
not used for railway purposes, to the city of Duluth, in the
county of Saint Louis, in the State of Minnesota, and to the
city of Superior, in the (county of Douglas, in the State of
Wisconsin, or to the said counties Jointly, and surrender
the entire control and inanagement thereof, with all the
rights and privileges and franchises thereto appertaining,
upon payment to such holders and owners of the total
amount expended up to the time of the transfer in and
about the construction, maintenance, and repairs of said
bridge and its approaches and accessory works, as well as
expended in dredging the channel to and through thedraw
paTt\ffVrid-o!*^^*^"^^ bridge; and in case of the purchase of only a part
•^
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3489
•
of said bridge then the amount to be paid shall be appor-
tioned by agreement between the owners of said bridge,
and. the cities or counties purchasing it, or, in case of
disagreement, by the Secretary of War, with interest
thereon at the rate of seven per centum per annum, less
the net income from the tolls, in which event, and in case
of the due consummation of such transfer, the said coun-
ties or cities shall thenceforth be subject to all the obliga-
tions and conditions imposed by the provisions of this Act,
and shall assume and pay at their maturity the unmatured
obligations, if any, of the said company or persons, not
exceeding in amount the purchase price of said bridge as
herein provided ; and the amount of such obligations so
assumed, with the accrued interest thereon, shall be
deducted from the amount of said purchase price, and the
remainder only shall be paid to said company or persons:
Frovidedy That said bridge and its approaches thereafter ProvUo.
shall be made free of tolls to wagons, teams, and foot pas- ^®® pa««i«e.
sengcrs and street railway cars.
Sec. 8. That in order that any bridge built under the tio^* "'"^
authority of this Act may be constructed and built without
any material interference with the security and conven-
ience of navigation of said river, beyond what is necessary
to carry into effect the rights and privileges hereby granted,
and in order to secure compliance with the conditions
herein specified, the said corporation so constructing the
same shall, previous to commencing the work of construc-
tion of said bridge, submit the plans and location thereof,
with a detailed map of the river at the proposed site of
said bridge, and near thereto, exhibiting the depths and j. ^^
currents of said river, to the Secretary of War for hi8war^*appwve
approval, together with such further information concern- p^****' ®^*^-
ing said oridge and said river as may be deemed requisite
by him J and until he approves the plans and location of
said bridge it shall not be built. The Secretary of War,
upon receiving such map and plans, shall proceed with due
diligence to consider the same, and, upon being satisfied
that the same conform to the prescribed conditions of this
Act, shall notify said companies that ho approves the same,
and shall notify said companies of any changes or modifi-
cations necessary in order that the same be made to con-
form to said conditions; and the said companies, upon
receiving such notification, may proceed to erect the said
bridge in conformity with the approved plans and location
and the conditions herein prescribed; and no change shall
be made therein without the consent of the Secretary of
War and his approval thereof: Provided, Jioicever^Thsit the Proviso.
Secretary of War shall give, or cause to be given, to saidofp??nl?et2!^**"
corporations reasonable notice of the time and place of the
consideration of said plans and maps by him or by any
officer of his Department, and the said corporations shall
have a right to appear with their engineers and attorneys,
or either, before such officer, and be heard in behalf of sfiia
plans before him, as well as before any officer authorized
by him to report upon the same.
ENG 94 219
3490 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Litigation. Sec. 9. That in case of any litigation arising by reason of
any obstruction of the free navigation of said river, by
reason of said bridge, the cause may be tried before the
circuit court of the United States for the States of Minne-
sota or Wisconsin, and the said corporations herein author-
ized to construct said bridge, or either of them so construct-
ing the same, under the authority herein granted, their or
its successors and assigns, for the purpose of acquiring
necessary rights of way for the construction of necessary
abutments and approaches for said bridge, and the liu^
and tracks of railroad thereon, shall have the power to
acquire the same by purchase, gift, or conveyance, or by
Condemnation the excrciso of the powcr of eminent domain, and, for such
proceedings. latter purposo, may institute proceedings in the proper
court having jurisdiction in each or eitaer of said States
wherein the premises sought to be condemned are located,
or in the circuit court of the United States in the proper
district or division of either of said States, said proc^dings
to be conducted in all respects in conformity with the pro-
visions of law in such State or States, for the acquisition
by condemnation of private property, and appropriating
the same to public use, by corporations authorized to exer-
cise the power of eminent domain.
Commencement Sec. 10. That if such bridge hereby authorized to be
and completion, j^^q^. gj^^jj ^^^ ^ye commcuccd withiu one year and finished
within three years from the date hereof, the rights and
privileges hereby granted shall determine and cease.
Amendment, Qeo. 11. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this
® ^* Act is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, May 1, 1894.
M 7 ig94 CHAP. 69. — An Act To authorize the reconBtruciion of a bridge
^__I^1__ across the Niobrara River near the village of Niobrara, Nebraska, and
making an appropriation therefor.
Be it enacted by the Seriate and Home of Represeniatireg
Niobrara River, qf fji^ United States of America in Congress a^ssembledj That
fof fffilfriss; ^'or the purpose of reaching the Ponca and Yankton Sioux
n^t Niobrara; Indian rcscrvations, and for carrying supplies thereto, tlie
^ ^' Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorize<l and
directed without unnecessary delay to cause to be recon-
structed across the Niobrara River near the village of
Niobrara, Nebraska, the Government bridge recently
destroyed by floods. Said bridge shall be a substantial
wooden or iron bridge, with the necessary approaches, and
the sum of seven thousand dollars, or so much thereof as
may be necessary to reconstruct said bridge, is hereby
appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not other-
wise appropriated.
Contract. Sec. 2. That HO part of the appropriation made by this
act shall be paid out of the Treasury until a contract is
entered into with responsible parties, with good and suffi-
cient sureties, to be approved by the Secretary of War, for
the construction and completion of said bridge, including
the approaches, at a cost not exceeding the sum hereby
i
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3491
; appropriated. Said bridge, when reconstructed, shall be Frw bridge.
free to all travelers.
Sec. 3. That this act shall be in force from and after its Effect.
passage and approval.
Approved, May 7, 1894.
'. 70. — An Act To authorize the constmctiou of a bridge over May 7, 1894.
the Monongahela Rirer in the city of Pittsburg.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America hi Congress a^sembled^ ^^^* may^brid'^^' mo-
the city of Pittsburg, a municipal corporation created bynongaheifKiver!
and existidg under the laws of the Commonwealth of Penn-
sylvania, its successors and assigns, be, and they are
hereby, authorized and empowered to construct, maintain,
and ox>erate a bridge over the Monongahela Biver, from a
point on the south shore of said Monongahela Eiver at or
near Twenty-second street, in the Twenty-fifth ward of the
city of Pittsburg, to a point on Brady street directly across
said river, and on the north shore thereof and within the
said city of Pittsburg, county of Allegheny, and Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania. The said city of Pittsburg shall
not commence the construction of its bridge, bridge piers,
abutments, causeway, and other works over or in said
Monongahela Biver until the location and plan of the same
shall have been- submitted to and approved by the Secre-
tary of War.
Sec. 2. That any Act of Con gress or part of an Act incon- incons i « te n t
sistent herewith, so far as it affects the same, is hereby ^"''^ "'p*^"*®*^-
repealed.
Sec. 3. That ahy bridge authorized to be constructed secretary of
under this Act shall be located and built under and subject JSuM^^etc.'*''™'^*'
to such regulations for the security of the navigation of
said river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe ; and to
secure that object the said city of Pittsburg shall submit
to the Secretary of War, for his examination and approval,
a design, plan, and drawing of the bridge, and a map of
the location, giving for the space of one-half mile above and
one-hairmile below the proposed location the liigh and low
water lines upon the banks of the river, the direction and
strength of the currents at high and low water, with the
soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream, and
the location of any other bridge or bridges; such map to
be in sufficient detail to enable the said Secretary of War
to ^dge of the proper location of said bridge, and sliall
furnish such other information as may be required for a
full and satisfactory understanding of the subject; and
until the said plan and location of the bridge are approved ^^^^ ^
by the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be commenced *°^^" ,
or built; and should any change be made in the plans of
said bridge during the progress of its construction, such
changes shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary
of War. The channel span of said bridge shall not be less channel Hpan.
than five hundred feet in length in the clear and the super-
J
3492 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
structure shall not be less than fifty-three feet above the
level of the water at pool full in said river.
Aids to navi- Sec. 4. That the bridge herein authorized to be con-
gation. structed shall be so kept, managed, and inaintained as to
aftbrd proper means and ways for the passage of vessels,
barges, or rafts, by day and night, and there shall be kept
and displayed, by the owners thereof, from sunset to sun-
Lighu?, etc. rise, such liglits and other signals as the Light-House
Board may prescribe; and such changes shall be made
from time to time in the structure of said bridge as the
Secretary of War may direct, at the expense of the owners
of such bridge, in order the better to preserve free naviga-
tion of said river.
Commence- Seo. 5. That the bridge herein authorized shall be com-
mentandcompie ^enced by the said city of Pittsburg within one year and
completed within three years from the date hereof; other-
wise this act to be null and void.
Ameudment. Sec. G. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
•*«• is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, May 7, 189^1.
May 12, 1894. CHAP. 76. — All Act To antliorizo the construction of a bridge across
^— ' — - - tlie Mississippi River at Red Wing, Minnesota.
Roti wiug. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
bridge" Mia^iV^/^'*^ ?7m7^rf States of A vieri^^a in Congress assembled, That
eippi River. the city of Red Wing, in the State of Minnesota, a munic-
ipal corporation existing nnder the laws of the State of
Minnesota, is hereby authorized and empowered to erect,
establish, and maintain, or authorize the erection, estab-
Foot and wag lishmcnt, and maintenance of a foot and wagon bridge
on bridge. across the Mississippi River at a point suitable to the inter-
ests of navigation, from a point near Bluff street, in the
city of Red Wing, State of Minnesota, so as to connect
with the opposite shore of said river in the State of Wis-
Frco naviga cousin; that Said bridge shall not interfere with the free
**®°' navigation of said river beyond what is necessary in order
to carry into effect the rights and privileges hereby granted,
and in case of any litigation arising from any obstruction
or alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said river
the cause may be tried before the circuit court of the
United States in and for any district in which any por-
Toii tion of said bridge or obstruction touches. Said bridge
shall be constructed to i)rovide for the passage of wagons
and vehicles of all kinds, for the transit of animals, and for
foot passengers, for such reasonable rates of toll as may bo
fixed by the said city of Red Wing from time to time and
approved by the Secretary of War.
High bridge. Sec. 2. That any bridge built under the provisions of
• this Act shall be constructed as a high bridge, with a chan-
nel span giving a clear width of waterway of not less than
three hundred and eighty feet and a clear headroom of not
less than fifty-five feet above high-water mark, as under-
stood at the point of location, and the clear headroom
^
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3493
under other than cbauiiel spans may be reduced to ten feet
above liigli- water mark; and the piers of said bridge shall
be jjarallel with the current of the river.
Sec. 3. That any bridge constructed under this act and
according to its provisions and conditions shall be a lawful nre*\Sd*^1ISft
structure, over which may bo transmitted the mails, troops, '•®^*®-
and munitions of war of the United States free of charge;
and the United States shall have the right of way for Poaui tcu-
X)ostal telegraph purposes across said bridge. ^^^^'
Sec. 4. That the structure herein authorized shall be secretary of
built and located under and subject to such regulations for pi^Ss, etc?*^"*^*
the security of the navigation of said river as the Secretary
of War shall prescribe, and to secure that object the cor-
poration shall submit to the Secretary of War, for his exam-
ination and approval, a design and drawing of the bridge
and a map of the location, giving, for the space of one mile
above and one mile below the proposed location, the topog-
raphy of the banks of the river, the shore lines at high and
low water, the direction and strength of the current, and
the soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream,
tlie location of any other bridgeor bridges, and shall furnish ,
such other information as shall be required for a full and
satisfactory understanding of the subject; and until the
said plans and location of the bridge are decided by the
Secretary of War to be such as will not materially affect
the interest of navigation the bridge shall not be com-
menced or built; and should any change be made in the changes.
plan of said bridge during the progess of construction such
change shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary of
War; and the said structure shall at all times be so kept
and managed as to offer reasonable and proper means for
the passage of vessels through or under said structure;
and for the safety of vessels passing at night there shall
be displayed on said bridge, from the hours of sunset to
sunrise, such lights as may be prescribed by the Light- Lights. ct<r.
House Board; and the said structure shall be changed or
removed, at the cost and expense of the owners thereof,
from time to time, as Congress may direct, so as to preserve
the free and convenient navigation of said river; and the
authority to erect and continue said bridge shall be subject
to revocation and modification by law when the public
good shall, in the judgment of Congress, so require, with-
out any expense or charge to the United States.
Sec. 5. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Ameudmont,
Act is hereby expressly reserved.
Sec. G. That this Act shall be null and void if actual conunenco
construction of the bridge herein authorized be not com- pieuln?"** *^""*
menced within two years and completed within four years
from the date thereof.
Approved, May 12, 1894.
3494 REPOET OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
May 28, 1804. CHAP. 79. — An Act To amend the Act of June t\rent3'-Becond,
eighteen hundred and ninety-two, entitled "An Act to authorize the
construction of a hridge acroBb the Missouri River at the city of
Yankton, South Dakota/'
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
M?8»^im "River ^^^ United States of America in Congress assemhledj Thatsec-
«t Yankton, s. tiou six of the Act of June twenty-second, eighteen hun-
^A^>*i.27,p.56. dred and ninety- two, entitled "An Act to authorize the
construction of a bridge across the Missouri River at the
city of Yankton, South Dakota,^' is amended so as to read
as follows:
8t?J?t!on°'" ^'ex- " S^^- ^' '^^a^ *^is ^®* shall be null and void if actual
tended. coustructiou of the bridge herein authorized be not com-
menced within two years and completed within four years
from the twenty second day of June, eighteen hundred and
ninety-four."
Approved, May 28, 1894.
May 28, 1804. CHAP. 80. — An Act Authorizing the Texarkana and Shreveport
— ' Railroad Company to hridge Sulphur River, in the State of Arkansas.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
shrev^ort luu^ ^^ United States of America in Congress assembled^ That the
road^^ Company Tcxarkaua and Shreveport Railroad Company, its succes-
"i"*'..»^^^.® A^,"J sors or assigns, be, and is hereby, authorized to construct
and maintain a railway bridge and approaches thereto over
and across Sulphur River in the State of Arkansas, at or
near the point where the north and south line between sec-
tions twenty seven and twenty-eight in township eighteen
south, in range twenty-seven west, of the fifth principal
meridian intersects said river near the south boundary lioe
^*i"f^?b^d^°°' ^^ ®^^^ sections. Said bridge shall be constructed to pro-
anc oo n ge. ^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ passagc of railway trains and, at the option of
said company, may be used for the passage of wagons and
vehicles of all kinds, for the transit of animals, and for
foot passengers^ for such reasonable rates of toll as may
be approved from time to time by the Secretary of War.
Drawbridge. That Said bridge shall be a drawbridge with a draw over
the main channel of the river at an accessible navigable
point and with such clear width of opening and distance
above high -water mark as may be prescribed by the Sec-
retary of War, and, as nearly as practicable, said opening
shall be accessible at all stages of water, and the piers and
draw rest shall be parallel with and the bridge at rigbt
angles to the current of the river; and uo riprap or other
outside protection for imperfect foundations shall be per-
mitted to approach nearer than four feet to the surface of
the water at its extreme low stage, or otherwise to encroach
upon the channel- way provided for in this Act; and the said
Opening draw, draw shall bcopcned promptly, upon reasonable signal, for
the passing of boats; and said company shall maintain, at
its own expense, from sunset till sunrise, throughout the
Lighu, etc. season of navigation, such lights or other signals on sjiid
bridge as the Light-House Board may prescribe.
i
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3495
Sec. 2. That auy bridge built under this Act and sub- ^iro*^Ind'^™*^*t
ject to its limitations shall be a lawful structure, and shall ?^te.*^" ^^
be recognized and known as a post route, upon which^
also, no higher charge shall be made for the transmission
over the same of mails, the troops of and the munitions of
war of the United States than the rate per mile paid for
the transportation over the railroad or public highways
leading to said bridge; and it shall enjoy the rights and
privileges of other post roads in the United States.
Sec. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained ^^J^^ naviga
under the authority of this Act which shall at any time
substantially or materially obstruct the free navigation of
said river; and if any bridge erected under such authority
shall, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, obstruct such
navigation, he is hereby authorized to cause such change
or alteration of said bridge to be made as will efiectuaUy
obv'^iate such obstructions; and all such alterations shall
be made and all such obstructions be removed at the
expense of the owner or owners of said bridge. And in Litigation.
case of any litigation arisingfrom anyobstruction or alleged
obstruction to the free navigation of said river, caused or
alleged to becaused by said bridge, the casemay be brought
in the district court of the United States for the State of
Arkansas, in whose jurisdiction said obstruction or bridge
may bo located : Provided^ That nothing in this Act shall J'rovito.
be so constraed as to repeal or modify any of the provi- nof affw^wi.^*''*
sions of law now existing in reference to the protection of
the navigation of rivers, or to exempt said bridge from the
operation of the same.
Sec. 4. That all railway companies desiring the use of ^»® Vy ^^^^
said bridge shall have and be entitled to equal rights and *^**™p*'^**"-
privileges relative to the i)assage of railway trains over the
same, and over the approaches thereto, upon payment of a
reasonable compensation for such use ; and in case the Term
owner or owners of said bridge and the several railroad
companies, or auy of them, desiring such use shall fail to
agree upon the sum or sums to be paid, and upon rules and
conditions to which each shall conform in using said bridge,
all matters at issue between them shall be decided by the
Secretary of War upon a hearing of the allegations and
proof of the parties.
Sec. 5. That the bridge authorized to be constructed secretary of
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject ^ans.^et??*''^^^"
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe ; and to secure
that object the said company or corporation shall submit
to the Secretary of War, for his examination and apjuoval,
a design and drawing of said bridge and a map of the loca-
tion, giving, for the sjiace of one mile above and one mile
below the proposed location, the topography of the banks
of the river, the shore lines at high and low water, the
direction and strength of the currents at all stages, and the
soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream, the
location of any other bridge or bridges, and shall furnish
such other information as may be required for a full and
satisfactory understanding of the subject; and until the
3496 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY
said plan and location of the bridge are approved by tne
Secretary of War the bridge shall not be built; and should
Changes. any chaugc bo made in the plan of said bridge during the
progress of construction such change shall be subject to
approval of the Secretary of War. And the said structure
shall be changed at the cost and expense of the owners
thereof from time to time as the Secretary of War may
direct, so as to preserve the free and convenient navigation
of said river, and the authority to erect and continue said
bridge shall be subject to revocation by the Secretary of
War whenever the public good, in his judgment, so
requires.
Amemiments, Sec. C. That the right to alter, amend, or rei>eal this act
***^' is hereby expressly reserved.
niSit™aS*tf \lm ^^^' ^' ^^^^ ^^^^ act shall be null and void if actual con-
piotion*" *^**™ struction of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced
within one year and completed within three years from the
approval of this act.
Approved, May 28, 1894.
May 28, 1834. CHAP. 81. — Au Act To authorize the constrnction of a bridge across
the Missouri River at some point within one mile below and one mile
above the present limits of the city of Jeiferson, Missouri.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
BriSce^ndTran-^-^*'*^ C^nif^d States of America in Congress asse^nbled^ That
Kit Company may the Jeftcrsoii City Bridge and Transit Company, a corpora-
mxir. ^^^^^^^ tion duly organized and existing under the laws of the
State of Missouri, its successors and assigns, successors,
grantees, mortgagees, and successors in interest, be, and
are hereby, authorized to construct and maintain a bridge
and approaches thereto across the Missouri River at Jef-
ferson City, Missouri, between the counties of Cole and
Callaway, at some point at least one-third of a mile from any
other bridge, to be selected consistent with the interests
of navigation, within one mile above and one mile below
the present limits of the city of Jefferson, Missouri. Said
bridge shall be constructed to provide for the passage of
Wagon, iitrcet wagons and vehicles of all kinds, street-railway cars, motor
i^Jj^^.^' "°^ ^^* cars, animals, foot passengers, and for all road travel, for
such reasonable rates of toll and under such reasonable
rules and regulations as may be prescribed by such cor-
poration, its successors and assigns, and to be approved
ProviMo. trom time to time by the Secretary of War : Pro vided^ That
bridge™^^' ^*^ ' ^^^^^ bridge may be a combination railroad and wagon road
bridge, so constructed as to i)rovide for the passage of rail-
way trains, engines and cars, wagons and vehicles of all
kinds, foot and other passengers, animals and live stock, at
the option of the corporation by which it may bo built,
^^scc rotary of Seo. 2. That Said bridge shall not be built or commenced
piaM, etc?''^^^^ until the plans and specifications for its construction have
been submitted to the Secretary of War for his approval,
nor until he shall approve the plan and location of said
bridge; and if any change be made in the plan or construc-
tion of said bridge at any time such change shall be subject
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3497
to the approval of the Secretary of War; and any change iii
the construction or any alteration of said bridge that may
be directed at any time by Congress or the Secretary of
War shall be made at the expense and cost of the owners
thereof; that the said bridge shall be constructed without
interference with the security and convenience of naviga-
tion of said river bej'ond what is necessary to carry out
effectively the rights and privileges hereby granted, and
in order to secure tliat object, the said corporation shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and
approval, a design of and drawings for said bridge and a
map of the proposed location giving for the space of one
mile above and one mile below sucli proposed location, the
topography of the banks of the river with shore lines and
soundings, and such other information as may be required
for a full understanding of the subject; and until the said
plan and location of the bridge are approved by the Secre-
tary of War the construction of said bridge shall not be
commenced.
Sec. 3. That said bridge shall be made with unbroken
and continuous spans, and the spans thereof shall not be spans,
less than four hundred feet in length in the clear, and the
main spans shall be over the main channel of the river.
The lowest part of the superstructure of said bridge shall
bo at least lifty-five feet in the clear above the established
standard high water grade line, and the bridge shall be at
right angles to, and its piers parallel with the current of
the river; Provided^ That said company or corporation Proviso.
shall maintain at its own expense, from sunset to sunrise,
such lights or other signals on said bridge as the Light- Lighta.ete.
House Board shall prescribe.
Sec. 4. That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized ^ ^j;Jj^i^^"° •'
and directed, upon receiving such plan and other informa- "^^*"^^" *
tion and upon being satisfied that a bridge so built will
conform to the requirements of this Act, to notify the com-
pany or corporation authorized to build the same that he
approves of the same ; and upon receiving such notification
the said company or corporation may i)roceed to erect said
bridge, conforming strictly to the approved plan and loca-
tion, and should any change be made in the plan of the
bridge or accessory works during the progress of the work
thereon such change shall be subject likewise to the
approval of the Secretary of War.
Sec. 5. That any bridge built under this Act and subject ^La^^^l^stj-jct^-
to its limitations shall be a lawful structure, and shall be route!'" ^'***
recognized and known as a post route, upon which also no
higher charge shall be made for the transmission over the
same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war of
the United States than the rate per mile paid for the trans-
portation over the railroad or public highways leading to
the said bridge, and it shall enjoy the rights and privileges
of other post roads in the United States; and equal privi-
leges in the use of said bridge shall be granted to all tele-
graph and telephone companies, and ithe United States
shall have the right of way across said bridge and its ^^^^^^ ^^^^
approaches for postal telegraph purposes. graph"
3498 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
uao by street Sec. 6. That all street railroad companies desiring the
rai roa s. ^^^ ^^ ^^.^ bridge shall have and be entitled to equal rights
and privileges relative to the passage of street railroad
trains or cars over thasame and over the approaches thereto
componaation. upou the payment of a reasonable compensation for such
use, and in case the owner or owners of said bridge and
the several street railway companies, or any one of theui,
desiring such use fail to agree upon the sum or sums to he
paid, and upon the rules and conditions to which each shall
conform in using said bridge, all matters at issue between
them shall be decided by the Secretary of War, upou a hear-
ProvUoB. iug of the allegations and proofs of the parties: Provided^
roSu. ^^ ^^^ That should said bridge be built for the passage of railroad
trains, wagons, and foot passengers, street cars shall not
be allowed to cross thereon except at the option of the
bridge company. All railroad companies desiring the use
of said bridge, should the bridge so built be a combination
railroad and wagon-road bridge, shall have and be entitled
to equal rights and privileges relative to the passage of
railway trains or cars over the same and over the approaches
Comiiensation. thcrcto upou payment of a reasonable compensation for
such use ; and in case the owner or owners of said bridge and
the several railroad companies, or anyone of them, desiring
such passage should fail to agree upon the sum or sums to
be paid, and upon the rules and conditions to which each
shall conform in using such bridge, all matters at issue
between them shall be decided by the Secretary of War,
upou a hearing of the allegations and proof of the parties:
i>cciMou of Sec Provided further^ That nothing in this Act in regard to
rotary of War. charges for passeugcrs and freight across said bridge shall
govern the Secretary of War in determining any question
arising as to the sum or sums to be paid to the owners of
said bridge by said companies for the use of said bridge.
iiaVfA^Son^et^c^*^ ^®^* ^' ^^^^ Cougrcss shall have the power at any time
iiaxiga ion, e c. ^^ alter, amend, or repeal this Act, and the Secretary of
War, whenever he shall deem it necessary, may cause the
owners of said bridge to remove all material and substan-
tial obstructions to the navigation of said river by the con
structiou of said bridge and its accessory works, or to pre-
vent such obstruction; and the expense of altering said
bridge or removing such obstruction shall be at the expense
of the owners of the bridge.
comniencoraent Sec. 8. That this Act shall be null and void if construe-
nud completion. .. /• • i i_ 'j ^ n i. i_ i -.t •
tion of said bridge shall not be commenced within one year
and finished within three years from its passage.
Aiuendmeiit, Sec. 9. That the right to alter, amend, or rei>eal this
^'^'^ Act by Congress at any time is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, May 28, 1804.
^
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3499
*. 100. — An Act Authorizing the construction of a bridge over Juno 7, 1804.
the Monongahela River, at the foot of Dickson-^treet, iu the borough
of Homestead, in the State of Pennsylvania.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That BraiWock and
the Braddock and Homestead Bridge Company, a corpora- Br?dge cSipwiy
tion duly authorized under the laws of the Commonwealth may ^jri^ge mo-
of Pennsylvania, its successors and assigns, be, and theyputeburg.Pa!*'^*
hereby are, authorized and empowered to construct, main-
tain, and operate a bridge over the Monongahela Biver,
between a point at or near the foot of Dickson street, in
the borough of Homestead, Allegheny County, to a point
in the city of Pittsburg on the opposite side of said river,
all within the State of Pennsylvania.
Sec. 2. That said bridge may be constructed for the pas- Raiiwav, wag
sage of steam and electric motors and trains for passengers Jridg"
and freight, wagons and veliicles of all kinds, and for the
transit of animals and for foot passengers, for toll, the rates
of toll to be approved by the Secretary of War: Provided^ rrovuo.
That all companies desiring the use of said bridge shall coSpan^fs. °*^*''^
have and be entitled to equal rights and privileges relative
to the passage of trains or cars over the same and over the
approaches thereto, upon pa^'^ment of reasonable compen-
sation for such use; and in case of disagreement between
the owner of said bridge and said companies in regard to
the amount to be paid or the conditions to be ob'served all
matters at issue between them shall be decided by the Sec-
retary of War upon a hearing of the allegations and proofs
of the parties.
Sec. 3. That the said Braddock and Homestead Bridge commencoment.
Company, its successors and assigns, shall not begin the
construction of its bridge, piers, abutments, causeways,
and other works over, in, or on said river ui>til the location
and plan of the same shall have been submitted to and
approved by the Secretary of War.
Sec. 4. That any bridge authorized to be constructed w^To^ppro?e
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject plans, etc.
to such regulations for the security of the navigation of
said river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe, and to
secure that object the said company or corporation shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and
approval, a design and drawing of the bridge and a map
of the location, giving, for the space of one-half mile above
and one-half mile below the proix)sed location, the high and
low water lines upon the banks of the river, the direction
and strength of the currents at low and high water, with
the soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream,
and the location of any other bridge or bridges, such map
to be sufficiently in detail to enable the Secretary of War
to judge of the proper location of said bridge, and shall
furnish such other information as may be required for a
full and satisfactory understandingof the subject, and until
the said plan and location of the bridge are approved by
the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be commenced or
built; and should any change be made in the plans of said chang«w.
bridge during the progress of its construction such changes
3500 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AKMY.
shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary of War:
Proviso. Provided^ That the chauiiel span of said bridge shall not be
Channel span, j^gg than fivo huudrcd feet in length and shall be elevated
above i)ool full in said river at least fifty-three feet in the
clear.
Free navigation. Sec. 5. That Said bridge herein authorized to be con-
structed shall be so kept and mauaged at all times as to
afford proi)er means and ways for the passage of vessels,
barges, or rafts, both by day or by night; and there shall
be displayed ou said bridge by the owners thereof, from
LightH, etc. sunset to sunrise, such lights or other signals as the Light-
House Board may prescribe.
commenccmeut Sec. 6. That this Act shall bc null and void if actual
and completion, construction of the bridge herein authorized be not com-
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date hereof.
Amend men t, Seo. 7. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this
®**^- Act is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, June 7, 1894.
Juno 7, 1804. CHAP. 101. — An Act To authorize tho New York and New Jersey
~ Bridge Companies to construct and maintain a bridge across the Hod-
son Kiver between New York City and the State of New Jersey.
Be it efiocted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Sew York and of the United States of Ame^'ica in Congress assembled^ That
Bridge ^cJmpi *^^^ ^^^ York and New Jersey Bridge Companies, hereto-
nies may bridge forc iucorporatcd by the states of New York and New Jer-
Ncw York^cuy^' soy, aud cxisting under the laws of said States, are hereby
authorized to construct, operate, maintain, and rebuild, in
case of destruction, a bridge across the Hudson River
between New York City, in the county and State of New
York, and the State of New Jersey, subject to the laws of
said States, respectively, upon the following terms, limita-
tions, and conditions:
Location. First. That the location of said bridge shall be subject
to approval by the Secretary of War, upon such examina-
tions, hearings, and reports as he shall hereafter prescribe:
ProviMo. Provided y That it shall not be located below Fifty-ninth
Limit. street, New Y'ork City, nor above Sixty-ninth street, New
York City.
trSks ^ ^ ** '^ *^ Second. That the said companies may locate, construct,
^^ *** and maintain over such bridge and the approaches theretx)
Provisos. railroad tracks for the use of railroads : Provided^ That any
railroad on either side of said river shall be permitted to
Connections connect its tracks with the said bridge approaches, and
withapproachea. ^^^^^ ^^^^,^ ^^^^j ^..^l^^g ^f transit for its rolling stock, cars,
passengers, and freight upon equal and equitable terms,
and if a dispute as to the equality or equity of the terms
lo^JiuhoVitiei; ^^^^^^ arise it shall be submitted to and decided by the Sec
Approaches, rctary of War : Provided^ That the location of all approaches
of said bridge in the city of New York shall be approved
by the commissioners of the sinking fund of the city of
^J]p^™tJon o' New York: And provided further^ That no railroad or rail-
roads shall be operated ou the approa<;he8 of said bridge
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3501
companies iu the city of "New York, except on siicli ap-
proaches as shall have been approved by the sinking-fund
commissioners of the city of New York: Provided also^
That the term approaches as used in this Act shall be con- Definition of
strued to include only such portion of the roadbed and ""^p''®"*''**^"- '
superstructure, on either side of said bridge, as is neces-
sary to reach the grade of the bridge from the grade of
the streets at which said approaches begin to rise, in order
to bring the two elevations together upon and by a grade
of not less than twenty feet to the mile.
Third. That any bridge built under the authority of this conBtrucUon.
Act shall be constructed with such length of span and at
such elevation as the Secretary of War shall approve and
require: Provided^ however y That it shall afford, under any ^^^'^•'
conditions of load or temperature, a minimum clear head- height? *™ " °*
way above high water of spring tides of not less than one
hundred and fifty feet at the center of the span: and all
the plans and specifications, with the necessary drawings
of said bridge, shall be submitted to the Secretary of War secretary of
for his approval, and before such approval the construe- pi^n8,^ot *.^^"*^*
tion shall not be begun ; and should any change be made in
said plans during progress of construction, such changed
plans shall be submitted to said Secretary and approved
by him before made; and the President shall appoint a
board, consisting of five competent, disinterested, expert ^.^ .^^^ ^^^^
bridge engineers, of whom one shall be either the Chief of misawntrrep^ort
Engineers or any member of the Corps of Engineers of the ^^ *p*°' ^^^^
United States Army, and the others from civil life, who
shall, within thirty days after their appointment, meet
together and, after examination of the question, shall,
within sixty daj's after their first meeting, recommend
what length of span, not less than two thousand feet, '^'^^ i m u m
would be safe and practicable for a railroad bridge to be ®°*^
constructed over said river, and file such recommendation
with the Secretary of War, but it shall not be final or con-
clusive until it has received his written approval. In case
any vacancy shall occur in said board, the President shall
fill the same. The compensation and expenses of said compensation.
board of engineers shall be fixed by the Secretary of War
and paid by the said bridge companies, which said com-
panies shall deposit with the Secretary of War such sum
of money as he may designate and require for such pur-
pose: Provided^ alwai/s. That nothing herein contamed Time of tuing
shall be construed as i^reventing the said board of engi- "^^''
neers from meeting, investigating, and filing their recom-
mendation after the expiration of said time herein men-
tioned.
Fourth. The companies operating under this law shall Ligiits.eic.
maintain on the bridge, at their own expense, from sunset
to sunrise, such lights and signals as the United States
Light-House Board may prescribe.
Fifth. The said company or companies availing them- tou.
selves of the privileges of this Act shall not charge a higher
rate of toll than authorized by the laws of the State of
Kew York or New Jersey, and the mails and troops of the
^
3502 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
United States shaUbe transported free of cbargeover said
bridge.
Subject to in Sixtb. That said company or companies shall be sabject
mer^S^«w'*'°™ to the interstatecommcrce law, and to all amendments
Lawful struct- thereof,and when such bridge is constructed under the pro-
route/'"'^ ^'*'* visions of this Act it shall be a lawful mibtary and post
road and a lawful structure.
Accoptance. Sevcntli. That the said company or companies availing
SiSSVitirsecr^ themselves of the privileges of this Act shall file an accept-
tary of War. rj^^^^ ^f y^^^ tcrms with the Secretary of War, and shall sub-
rait to the Secretary of War, within one year after the pas-
sage of this Act, for examination and approval, drawings
showing plan and location of the bridge and its approaches;
tvomraeirceraent and the coustruction of Said bridge shall be commenced
au< conip tion. ^j^-jjjjj ^j^^ y^^^ after Said location and plans have been
approved of, as herein provided; and said company or com-
panies shall expend, within the first year after construction
has commenced, as herein required^ not less than two hun-
Yeariy expend- drcd and fifty thousaud dollars in money, and in each year
iturc. thereafter not less than one million of dollars in money in
the actual coustruction work of said bridge, which shall be
reported to the Secretary of War; and the said bridge
shall be completed within ten years from the commence-
ment of the construction of the same, as herein required;
and, unless the actual construction of said bridge shall be
commenced, proceeded with, and completed within the time
and according to the provisions herein provided, this Act
shall be null and void.
Amendment, The right to amcud, alter, modify, or repeal this Act is
hereby reserved.
Approved, Juno 7, 1894.
Ot(
Juue 8. 1891. CHAP. 102.— An Act To amend section eight of "An Act to anthor-
ize the construction of a bridge across .the Calomet River, " approved
March first, eighteen hundred and ninety-three.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Mepresentatires
Calumet rIvct! ^/ ^''^ United States of America in Congress assembledj That
Cook County, 111'. sectioD eight of "An Act to authorize the construction of a
Vol. 27, p. 515. i^ridge across the Calumet Eiver," approved March first,
eighteen hundred and ninety-three, be, and is hereby,
amended so that the time within which the actual con-
struction of said bridge may be commenced is hereby
Rt^\?ctfS'^ <'<;"- extended for the ])eriod of one year, and the time for the
temied/'*^ ^^ completion of said bridge is hereby extended for the period
of three years from the date of the apjjroval of this Act.
^ Amenamcii t, The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
is hereby reserved.
Approved, June 8, 181>4.
LAWS AFFECTING COEPS OF ENGINEERS, 31
CHAP. 103. — Au Act To aathorize the Missouri River Power Com- J"ne 8, u
paiiy of Moutana to construct a darn across the Misouri River.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives ^.
o/t/irC United States of America iii Congress a^sembledj That Powor^coln
the consent of the Government is hereby given to the Mis- "^^iK^Jr^
souri River Power Company of Montana, its successors or tana,
assigns, to construct across the Missouri River, at some
point at or near the southeast corner of Township Eleven
north, of RangeTwo west, Montana meridian, to be approved
by the Secretary of War, a dam, canal, and the* appurte-
nances thereof, for water power and other purposes, and in
connection therewith a footbridge or bridges for public use.
Said dam shall be constructed under the sux>ervision and
control of the Secretary of War, and before the same shall ^ySecretar
be commenced the plan 8 and specifications shall be approved pi^s, et*.^^
by the Secretary of War. The dam shall be furnished with
a suitable boom and log sluice, and the company, or its siuice, eu
successors and assigns, shall execute to the United States,
with sureties appro^'ed by the Secretary of War, a bond in
such sum as the Secretary may determine, conditioned to
indemnify the United States against all claims for damages
for overflow or otherwise caused by the construction of said
dam.
Sec. 2. That the United States shall be secured a free ^®^*®/""
right of way for constructions and approaches to said dam "**'• * ^'
for transferring boats and freight around the same, and a
free use of water power for operating such construction
works.
Sec. 3. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act Amen dm
is hereby expressly reserved, and the rights and privileges
hereby granted to said Missouri River Power Company
shall expire at the end of fifty years from and after the
approval of this Act.
Approved, June 8, 1894.
*. 105. — An Act To authorize the Pennsylvania and New Jer- Juneii. le
sey Railroad Companies, or either of them, to construct and maintain
a hridge over the Delaware River between the States of New Jersey
and Pennsylvania.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembkdy That ^^Jf^^K
the Pennsylvania and New Jerscj' Railroad Company, or- junr^oad
ganized under the authority of the State of Pennsylvania, fJ^Y^w^e^ i
and the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Railroad Company, Philadelphia
organized under the authority of the State of New Jersey,
or either of said companies, are hereby authorized to locate, bridge!^^"*''
build, maintain, equip, and operate a bridge and the
appurtenances and works connected therewith across the
Delaware River between a point in tlie city of Philadel-
phia and State of Pennsylvania above the foot of Rox-
borough street and wit;hin a distance of two miles from the
point at which the Fraukford Creek enters the said Dela-
ware River, and a point in the State of New Jersey above
3502 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, TJ. S. ARMY.
United States shall be transported free of charge over said
bridge.
Subject to in Sixth. That said company or companies shall be subject
merceuw.*'°'" to the interstatc-commerce law, and to all amendments
Lawful struct- thereof,and when such bridge is constructed under the pro-
route.''"'^ ^''^* visions of this Act it shall be a lawful military and post
road and a lawful structiu^e.
Acceptance^ Scventli. That the said company or companies availing
SiedVith'&Bcrc- thcmselves of the privileges of this Act shall file an accept-
tary of War. ^^^^^ Qf j^^^ tcrms with the Secretary of War, and shall sub-
rait to the Secretary of War, within one year after the pas-
sage of this Act, for examination and approval, drawings
showing plan and location of the bridge and its approaches;
coniraenceineut and the coustructiou of Said bridge shall be commenced
au(i conip etion. ^^jj.|j|jj ^^^ y^^j, after said location and plans have been
approved of, as herein provided ; and said company or com-
panies shall expend, within the first year after construction
has commenced, as herein required, not less than two hun-
Yeariyexi»end drcd and fifty thousaud dollars in money, and in each year
iturc. thereiifter not less than one million of dollars in money in
the actual construction work of said bridge, which shall be
reported to the Secretary of War; and the said bridge
shall be completed within ten years fi^om the commence-
ment of the construction of the same, as herein required;
and, unless the actual construction of said bridge shall be
commenced, proceeded with, and completed within the time
and according to the provisions herein provided, this Act
shall be null and void.
Amendment, The light to umeud, alter, modify, or repeal this Act is
®** hereby reserved.
Approved, June 7, 1894.
June 8. 1891. CHAP. 102.— An Act To amend section eight of "An Act to anihor-
ize the construction of a bridge across the Calumet Rirer/' approved
March first, eighteen hundred and ninety-three.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representative
ca?imet Kiver! ^f '^'^ United Stat€8 of America in Congress assembledj That
Cook County, lu! scction eight of "An Act to authorize the construction of a
Vol. 27, p. 515. i^rijjg^ across the Calumet Eiver,'* approved March first,
eighteen hundred and ninety-three, be, and is hereby,
amended so that the time within which the actual con-
struction of said bridge may be commenced is hereby
Time for con- extended for the period of one year, and the time for the
tended. * ' complctiou of Said bridge is hereby extended for the period
of three years from the date of the approval of this Act.
^ Amend men 1 , rJ^^Q right of Cougrcss to ultcr, amend, or rejieal this Act
is hereby reserved.
Approved, June 8, 181)4.
^
LAWS AFFECTING COEPB OF ENGINEERS. 3503
CHAP. IOS.^Aq Act To authorize the Miseonri River Power Com- Jime 8, 1894.
pauy of Moutana to construct a dara acroes the Misonri River.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America i7i Congress assembJedj That Power'comp^ny
the consent of the Government is hereby given to the Mis- ^^^s«f^^ wli
sonri JBiver Power Company of Montana, its successors or tana.
assi^is, to construct across the Missouri Eiver, at some
point at or near the southeast corner of Township Eleven
north, of RaugeTwo west, Montana meridian, to be approved
by the Secretary of War, a dam, canal, and the* appurte-
nances thereof, for water power and other purposes, and in
connection therewith a footbridge or bridges for public use.
Said dam shall be constructed under the supervision and
control of the Secretary of War, and before the same shall ^^secrotary of
be commenced theplans and specifications shall be approved pUna, et*^'*"*'^*
by the Secretary of War. The dam shall be furnished with
a suitable boom and log sluice, and the company, or its siuic«, etc.
successors awd assigns, shall execute to the United States,
with sureties approved by the Secretary of War, a bond in
sueh sum as the Secretary may determine, conditioned to
indemnify the United States against all claims for damages
for overflow or otherwise caused by the construction of said
dam.
Sec. 2. That the United States shall be secured a free ^Govemmont
right of way for constructions and approaches to said dam "*^' ® ^"
for transferring boats and freight around the same, and a
free use of water power for operating such construction
works.
Sec. 3. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act Amendment,
is hereby expressly reserved, and the rights and privileges ° ^'
hereby granted to said Missouri River Power Company
shall expire at the end of fifty years from and after the
approval of this Act.
Approved, June 8, 1894.
^ 105. — An Act To authorize the Pennsylvania and New Jer- JnneU. 1804.
sey Railroad Companies, or either of them, t-o construct and maintain
altridge over the Delaware River between the States of New Jersey
and Pennsylvania.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress a^sembUd^Th^t Pennsylvania
the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Kailroad Company, or- ifaii/J^dciJS^
ganized under the authority of the State of Pennsylvania, {^Xwa?e * lu vt?*
and the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Railroad Company, Philadelphia.
organized under the authority of the State of New Jersey,
or either of said companies, are hereby authorized to locate, uridgi"^"*'' ^^''
build, maintain, equip, and operate a bridge and the
appurtenances and works connected therewith across the
Delaware Eiver between a point in tlie city of Philadel-
phia and State of Pennsylvania above the foot of liox-
borough street and within a distance of two miles from the
point at which the Frankford Creek enters the said Dela-
ware Eiver, and a point in the State of New Jersey above
3504 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
the shore end of the Fishers Point Dyke and within two
miles from the i)oint where the Pensauken Creek enters the
said river, and to lay one or more tracks thereon for the
connection of railroads on either side of said river (and
may, at any time, at its or their option, also adapt and use
said bridge for ordinary travel) in order to facilitate inter-
state commerce and the transportation of persons and prop-
erty, and for postal, military, and other purposes. Said
Spans. bridge shall be constructed with a channel span of five
hundred feet in length, having a clear headroom at high
water of forty feet and a draw si>an with a clear waterway
of one hundred and twenty-five feet on each side of the
pier, the length of each of the remaining spans not to be
Proviso. less than three hundred feet: Provided, That said draw
Opening draw, ghall bc opcucd promptly upou reasonable signal for the
passage of vessels and boats,
wa? to^ap7ovo ^®^' ^' That the said company or companies shall, at
plans, etc. ^™^*^least three months previous to the erection of the said
bridge, submit to the Secretary of War a plan of the bridge,
with a detailed map showing the proposed site of the bridge
and the river for a distance of one mile above and one mile
below such site, with such other information as the Secre-
tary of War may require for a full and satisfactory under-
standing of the subject; and he shall thereupon approve
said plan or such modification thereof as he may deem nec-
essary for the security of navigation, and upon approval
thereof he shall so notify the said company, or companies,
which shall thereupon have the authority to proceed with
the construction of said bridge; but until the Secretary of
War approves the plan of said bridge the erection of the
same sliall not be commenced. And no change shall be
made in the plan during the progress of such work except
with the approval of the Secretary of War.
and**com*^°ctiSn"^ ^^^ ' ^' '^^^^ ^^ the compauy or companies shall fail to
comp c on. pp^g^^^ plaus to tUc Secretary of War for a period of more
than one year after the approval of this Act, or shall fail
to commence the construction of said bridge within two
years after the approval of the Secretary of War, or shall
fail to complete the same within seven years after such
approval, tlien, in either of said events, this Act sliall be
null and void.
uro* and 'po »V ^^^' *^- That thc Said bridge and the railroads thereover
road. constructed under the provisions of this act shall be a law-
ful structure, and shall be recognized and known as a post
ToiiH. road. Eeasonable tolls may be collected by said company
or companies for passage thereover, but no higher charge
shall be made for the transmission of the mails, troops,
and munitions of war of the United States than the rate
per mile paid for their transportation over the railroads or
Postal teio public highways leading to said bridge; and the United
^^^^ ' States shall have the right of way for postal telegraph
rrovh:o. purposes across the bridge: Provided, That all railroad
uho by oilur companies desiring the use of said bridge shall have and
companies. becntitlcd tocfiual rights and privileges relative to the pas
sage of railroad trains or cars over the same, and over the
approaches to the same, upon the payment of a reason.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3505
ablo coinpeusation for sucli use 5 and in case tlicowuer or compensation.
owners of said bridge and the several railroad companies,
or any one of them, desiring such use shall fail to agree
upon the sum or sums to be paid, and upon the rules and
conditions to which each shall conform in using said bridge,
•ill matters at issue between them shall be decided by the
Secretary of War upon a hearing of the allegations and
proofs of the parties.
Sec. 5. That the owner or owners of said bridge shall i^'gi»t«'Ctc-
maintain on the same, at their own expense, from sunset
to sunrise, such lights or signals as the United States
Light-House Board shall prescribe.
Sec. 6. That the right to alter, amend, or re])eal this Act Ameutimonu
is hereby expressly reserved. ''^^'
Approved, June 14, 1894.
CHAP. 107. — An Act To amend an Act to authorize constrnctiou of June I9, 1804.
a bridge at Burlington, Iowa, tipproved August sixtb, eighteen hun- ~~"
dred and eighty-eight, and amended by Act approved February
twenty- first, eighteen hundred and ninety.
Bridge across
Be it enacted by the ^Senate and House of Representatives
oftlie United States 0/ America in Congress assembled, That
the time for the commencement and completion of said MiMiMfppi*^*'!?!"
bridge authorized by said Act, entitled ''An Act to author- jj'^^^""*"^**^"'
ize the construction of a railroad, wagon, and foot-pas- vjf. 25, p. aeo;
senger bridge at Burlington, Iowa," approved August ^°^'^®''''^""
sixth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, and amended
by Act approved February twenty-first, eighteen hundred
and ninety, be, and are hereby, each extended two years Time for con-
from the passage of this act. " Htruction extcnd-
Approved, June 10, 1S94.
. 118. — An Act Making Labor Day a leg«l holiday. June28, 18W.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United Staten of America t» Congress assembled , That
the first Monday of September in each year, being the day Labor Day.
celebrated and known as Labor's Holiday, is hereby made
a legal public holiday, to all intents and purposes, in the j^^'Jjj^ * p"^*»<*
same manner as Christmas, the first day of January, the r. s.^r). c, sec
twenty-second day of February, the thirtieth day of May, ®^^' p- *^®'
and the fourth day of July are now made by law public
holidays.
Approved, June 1^8, 1894.
'. 120.— An Act To authorize the city of Hastings, Minnesota, Juno 29. 1894.
to construct and maintain a wagon bridge over the Mississippi River. "
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That
the city of Hastings, a municipal corporation existing Hastingn,
under the laws of th e State of Minnesota, be, and is hereby, j^j"" " ' mSsU
authorized to (♦onstruct and maintain, at a point suitable nippi Kiver.
3506 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
to the interest of navigatioD, a waggon or a eoinbined wagon
and foot bridge and approaches thereto across the Missis-
sippi Eiver from a point at or near the foot of Sibley street,
in the said city of Hastings, Minnesota, or at such other
point in said city as the city conncil thereof, with the
approval of the Secretary of War may direct, on the wej^
bank to a point at or near the graded road nearl}"^ opposite
Proviso. on the east bank: Provided^ That said bridge shall not
Free naviga interfere with the free navigation of said river, beyond
^***" what is necessary to carry into effect the rights and privi-
Litigation. Icgcs hereby granted ; and in case of any litigation arising
from any obstruction, or alleged obstruction, to the free
navigation of said river, or damage resulting from the
same, the cause may be tried before the circuit court of the
United States in'and for any district in which any portion
of said bridge or obstruction touches.
High bridge. Sec. 2. That any bridge built under this Act shall be
constructed as a high bridge with a channel span giving
a clear width of waterway of not less than three hundretl
feet and a clear head room of not less than fifty-five feet
above high- water mark, and the clear head room under
other than channel spans may be reduced to thirty-five
feet above high- water mark.
uro^'^rid^^^'s^ ^^^- ^- "^^^^ ^^y bridge constructed under this Act,
routo. according to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and
shall be known as a post route, and the same is hereby
declared to be a post route, upon which no charge shall be
made for the transmission over the same of the mails, the
troops, and the munitions of war of the United States;
and the United States shall have the right of way for
ToBt ai toic postal-telegraph purposes across said bridge. For the pas-
^^^ ' sage of all kinds of vehicles, for the transit of all kinds of
animals, and for the passage of foot passengers the said
Free passage, bridge shall bc frcc to the public.
Sec rotary of Sec. 4. That the structurc herein authorized shall be
^^»!etcy^^^'^^ built and located under and subject to such regulations
for the security of navigation of said river as the Secretary
of War shall prescribe; and to secure that object the said
city shall submit to the Secretary of War for examinatioa
and approval a design and drawing of the bridge and a
map of the location, giving the topography of the banks
of the river, the shore line at high and low water, and
the soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream,
and shall furnish such other information as shall be
required for a full and satisfactory understanding of the
subject; and until the said plan and location of the bridge
are decided by the Secretary of War to be such as will not
materially affect the interests of navigation, the bridge
Changes. ghall not be commenced or built. And should any change
be made in the plan of said bridge during the progress of
construction such changes shall be subject to the approval
of the Secretary of War. And the said bridge shall be
Aids to uavi- constructed with such aids to the passage of said bridge,
gation. ^^ ^jjg f'Qj.jjj Qf booms, dikes, piers, or other suitable and
proper structures for confining the flow of water to a per-
manent and easily navigated channel, and for the guidingof
I
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3507
rafts, steamboats, aud other water craft safely under said
bridge, as the Secretary of War shall prescribe and at any
time order to be constructed and maintained at the expense
of the city of Hastings; and the said structure shall be at
all times so kept and managed as to offer reasonable and
proper means for the passage of vessels and other water
craft under said structure; and for the safety of vessels
])assing at night there shall be displayed on said bridge,
from the hours of sunset to sunrise, such lights or other Lights, etc.
signals as may be prescribed by the Light-House Board.
And the said structure shall be changed or removed at the
cost and expense of the said city of Hastings, from time
to time, as Congress may direct^ so as to preserve the free
and convenient navigation of said river; and the authority
to erect and continue said bridge shall be subject to revo-
cation and modification by law when the public good shall,
in the judgment of Congress, so require, without any
expense or charge to the IJnited States.
Sec. 5. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act AmemimentB,
is hereby expressly reserved. **^*
Sec. 6, That this Act shall be null and void if actual commen ement
construction on the bridge herein authorized be not com- a^^^ completion.
menced within two years, and completed within three years
from date thereof.
Approved, June 29, 1894.
CHAP. 121. — An Act Granting certain rights over Limo Point mil- July 2, 1894.
itary reservation in the State of CaUfornia. ^
Be it encLcted by tfie Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That, J'*™®^***"^'""-
there is hereby granted to the citizens of the town or city ti«u, cai.
of Sausalito, Marin County, California, the right to occupy
and improve for the purposes of a road only for the use Rii?ht of wny
and benefit of the citizens of the United States, and for *^ ^*"**^''^
no other i)uri)08es whatever, a portion of the tract of land
owned by the United States in the State of California,
known as the Lime Point military reservation, upon the
following conditions and provisions, namely :
First. That no use of said land for the purposes of said ^^'J.^j» <« *»« ^p^
road shall be begun by the said citizens of Sausalito asso^cTotafy of
aforesaid until after general plans of said improvement ^^'*^-
shall have been submitted to the Secretary of War and
shall have been approved by him and the portion of said
tract of land owned by the United States to be used for
such stated purposes shall have been specially designated
by him, and that no changes of the natural surface of the
ground shall be made nor improvements of any sort begun
until the extent and plans of such proposed work shall
have been described in detail to the Secretary of War and
shall have received his approval.
Second. That the United States reserves the power to Ktguiation«.
make and enforce regulations concerning the occupation
and use of the i)ortiou of the Lime Point military roserva-
3508 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
tioii covered by this grant and concerning the use of the
road thereon.
Reversion. Third. That the United States reserves to itself the fee
in said tract and the right to resume immediate and entire
possession and use whenever the first of the above pro-
visions shall have been violated, and also to resume pos-
session of and occupy any portion thereof, or to suspend
the use of said road whenever, in the judgment of the
Secretary of War, the exigency arises that should require
such action for public defense or otherwise, or whenever
Congress may determine other disposition of said tract,
without any claim for compensation to said citizens of
Sausalito for improvement thereon or damage on account
thereof. \
Approved, July 2, 1894.
July 6, 1894. CHAP. 127. — An Act Aiitboriziug the Minneapolis Gas Light Com-
pany, of MiniieapoliK^ Minnesotc, to lay submerged gas pipes across
the Mississippi Kivcr at Minneapolis.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assemhledy That
Mi88is8ii»pithe consent of Con gress i s hereby granted to the Minneapolis
^^nTiineapoiis^S'S Light Compauy, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, to lay a
Gns Light Com submcrgcd gas maiu across the Mississippi liiver, under
Sfa"u unJcr?^"* the bcd thcrcof, to conduct gas from its gas works ou the
west side of said river to the east division of Minneapolis
oil the eiist side of said river, at some point between the
foot of the Falls of Saint Anthony and the Washington
avenue bridge across said river, the location and manner
of laying said gas maiu to be approved by the Secretary of
War before the work is commenced.
Approved, July C, 1894.
^
July 11, 1894. CHAP. 129.— An Act To amend an Act entitled '*An Act to authorize
the Oregon and Washington Bridge Company to construct and maiu-
tain a bridge across the Columbia Kiver, between the State of Oregon
and the State of Washington^ and to establish it as a post road.''
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That
Bridge across ii^xi Act to authorize the Oregon and Washington Bridge
LacamaR,waBh. Company to construct and maintain a bridge across the
v^°27, m» 19 87! ^^^^"^^'^ River, between the State of Oregon and the
' ' ' ' ' State of Washington, and to establish it as a post road,"
approved March twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and
ninety, be, and the same is hereby, re enacted and declared
to be and to have been in full force and effect from and
after March twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-
four. Section twelve of said Act, which provides that said
Act shall be null and void if actual construction of the
bridge therein authorized be not commenced within two
years and completed within four years from the date of
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3509
the approval thereof, shall be, aud the same is hereby, so
amended that the time within which said bridge is required
to bo commenced shall bo within two years from March Time for con
twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, aud theJended^*°° ^^
time Avithin which it is required that said bridge be com-
pleted shall be within four years from the twenty-fourth
day of March, eighteen hundred and ninety-four.
Approved, July 11, 1804.
'. 136. — An Act To authorize the constractiou of a wagon and July i6, 1894.
foot bridge across the South, or Main, Canadian River at or near the — - —
town of Noble, in Oklahoma Temtorj'.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That
the South Canadian Bridge Company, a corporation created ^j^^^^Jlj^^ ^*o,n-
by or under the laws of the Territory of Oklahoma, its ^^^y mtt^^^briSgo
successors or assignees, be, and is hereby, authorized to ^^^ N°*b le!
contruct, maintain, and operate a bridge or bridges for the oSaf'
passage of vehicles of all kinds, animals, and foot passen-
gers across the South, or Main, Canadian River at or near
the Town of Noble, and at any other point where said river
borders Oklahoma and Indian Territories, so as to connect
with the opposite shore of the said river in the Chickasaw
Nation, Indian Territory.
Sec. 2. That any bridge or bridges built under the pro- Lawful iitract>
visions of this Act shall be a lawful structure or structures, ioStea*" ^*°'^
and shall be recognized and known as a post route upon
which no higher charge slmll be made for the transmission
over the same of the mails, troops, aud munitions of war
of the United States passing over said bridge or bridges
than the rate per mile jjaid for the transportation over the
imblic highways leading to said bridge or bridges ; and eq ual
privileges in the use of said bridge shall be granted to all
telegraph companies ; and the United States shall have the Postal tcio
right of way across said bridges and approaches for postal- graph.
telegraph purposes: Provided^ That before the construc-
tion of any bridge herein authorized is commenced the said s^^etary of
company shall submit to the Secretary of War, for his ex AVar to approve
amination and approval, a design and drawing of such^^***'®**^
bridge and a mjip of the location, giving suflacient informa-
tion to enable the Secretary of War to fully and satisfac-
torily understand the subject, and unless the plan and loca-
tion of such bridge arc approved by the Secretary of War pj.^^jjj^^.j ^^.^^^
the structure shall not be built: Provided also^ That any '^®**"*^^s» *®"-
bridge constructed under authority of this Act shall at all
times be so kept and managed as to offer reasonable and
proper means for the passage of vessels and other water-
cratt through or under said structure; and for the safety
of vessels passing at night there shall be displayed'on such
bridge, from sunset to sunrise, such lights or other signals Ligbts.etc.
as maj' be prescribed by the Light-Houso Board.
Sec. 3. That said South Canadian Bridge Company shall toii.
have the right to charge and collect a reasonable rate of
3510 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY
toll, not exceeding the rate limited by the law of Oklahoma
Territory.
commoncement Sec. 4. That this Act shall be null and void if actual con-
andcompietioD. stmction of the bridges herein authorized be not com-
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date of approval hereof.
Amendnunt, Sec. 5. That Gougress hereby expressly reserves the
right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act.
Approved, July 16, 1894.
etc
July 23, 1894. CHAP. 148. — An Act Authorizing the construction of a bridge over
the Monongahela River at the foot of Main street, in the borough of
Bellevernon, in the State of Pennsylvania.
Bollevornon
Bridge Company
may Uridge Mo-
nongahela Biver,
Pa.
Vol. 27, p. 475.
Secretary of
"War to approve
plaiui, etc.
Kepcal.
Submiaaion
deaign, etc.
Change.
^
of
Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assemhledj That
the Bellevernon Bridge Company, a corporation duly
authorize under the laws of the Commonwealth of Penn-
sylvania, its successors and assigns, be, and they hereby
are, authorized and empowered to construct, maintain, and
operate a bridge over the Monongahela River between a
point at or near the foot of Main street, in the borough of
Bellevernon, Fayette County, to a point in Washington
County on the opposite side of said river, all within the
State of Pennsylvania.
Sec. 2. That the said Bellevernon Bridge Company, its
successors and assigns, shall not begin the construction of
its bridge, piers, abutments, causeways, and other works
over, in, or on said river until the location and plan of the
same shall have been submitted to and approved by the
Secretary of War.
Sec. 3. That any Act of Congress or part of an Act
inconsistent herewith, so far as it affects the same, is
hereby repealed.
S£0. 4. That any bridge authorized to be constructed
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject
to such regulations for the security of the navigation of
said river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe, and to
secure that object the said company or corporation shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and
approval, a design and drawing of the bridge and a map
of the location, giving, for the space of one-half mile above
and one-half mile below the proposed location, the high
and low water lines upon the banks of the river, the direc-
tion and strength of the currents at low and at high water,
with the soundings accurately showing the bed of the
stream, and the location of any other bridge or bridges,
such map to be sufficiently in detail to enable the Secretary
of War to judge of the proper location of said bridge, and
shall furnish such other information as may be required for
a full and satisfactory understanding of the subject, and
until the said plan and location of the bridge are approved
by the Secretary of War the bridge shall not be commenced
or built; and should any change be madem the plans of
said bridge during the progress of its construction, such
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3511
chauges shall bo subject to the approval of the Secretary pronao
of War: Provided^ That the channel span of said bridge c^hanuei span
shall be in length not less than three hundred and fifty feet
in the clear and shall be elevated at least fifty-four feet
above the surface of the river at pool full.
Sec. 5. That said bridge herein authorized to be con- gauolf. ^ "*^'
structed shall be so kept and managed at all times as to
afibrd proper means and ways for the passage of vessels,
barges, or rafts, both by day and by night; and there shall
be displayed on said bridge by the owners thereof, from
sunset to sunrise, such lights or other signals as the Light- Lights. etc.
House Board may prescribe; and such changes shall be
made from time to time in the structure of said bridge as
the Secretary of War may direct, at the expense of the
said bridge company, in order the more eflfectiially to pre-
serve the free navigation of said river.
Sec. G. That this Act shaU be null and void if actual Commonce
construction of the bridge lierein authorized be not com- uJn* ™'*'*"
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date hereof.
Sec. 7. That the right to alt^r, amend, or repeal this Act Amendment.
18 hereby expressly reserved. ®*^
Approved, July 23, 1804.
^ 153. — An Act To authorize the construction of a bridge j^iiy 23, 1994.
across the MlBsissippi River from a point within the limits of the city '■ ^
of Dubuque, in the State of Iowa, known as Eagle Point, to the
opposite bank of said river in the county of Grant and State of
Wisconsin.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Rouse of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress a^sembledj That Dnbuqne and
the Dubuque and Wisconsin Bridge Company, a corpora- ^idgeVom^n?
tion duly organized and incorporated under the laws of may "ridge mih-
the State of Iowa, its successors and assigns, be, and is DubJque. ^oSi.
hereby, authorized to construct and maintain, at a point
suitable to the interests of navigation, a bridge for the ^^.^ ©n and
passage of vehicles of all kinds, animals, and foot passen-footbrKigr. *°
gers across the Mississippi River from a point at or near
Eagle Point, in the city of Dubuque, in the State of Iowa,
to the opposite shore of said river in the county ot Grant, °^*****"
in the State of Wisconsin. That said bridge shall not be
built within two miles of any other bridge on said river,
following the course of the main channel. That the loca- secretary of
tion and plan, or manner of constructing said bridge, shall ^^'g^^tc^PP™^*
be subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, and
until decided by him to be such as will not materially
affect the interests of navigation, the said bridge shall not
be built. And there shall be submitted to the Secretary
of War, for his examination and approval, a design and
drawing of the proposed bridge and a map of the location,
giving, for the space of a mile above and below the pro-
posed location, the topography of the banks of the river,
the shore line at high and low water, the direction and
strength of the currents at all stages, and the soundings
3512 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY
accurately sbowiiig t!ie bed of the stream, the location of
any other bridge or bridges, and all other information
required, and should any change be made in the plan of
said bridge during the i)rogress of construction, such
change shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary
. of War; and the said structure shall at all times be so
gaUon, *° "*^* kept and managed, and provided with such guard fences,
sheer booms, and other structures, as to offer reasonable
and proper means for the passage of vessels and other
floating craft through or under said structure; and for the
safety of vessels passing at night there shall be displayed
on said bridge, from the hours of sunset to sunrise, such
Lighu,etc. ijgtiig j^g maybe prescribed by the Light- House Board;
and the said structure shall be changed or removed, at the
cost and expense of the owners thereof, from time to time,
as Congre^ may direct, so as to preserve the free and
convenient navigation of sai(^ river; and the authority to
erect and conti.iue said bridge shall be subject to revoca-
tion and modification by law when the public good, in the
judgment of Congress, so requires, without any expense or
Frco uavi^a^^^^^*^® ^^ ^^^ ^"^^^^ ^^^^®^" ^^^''^^ Said bridge shaU not
tiony*^** ""^ ""* interfere with the free navigation of said river beyond
. what is necessary in order to carry into effect tUe rights
J igatjon. ^^^^ privileges hereby granted; and in case of any litiga-
tion arising from any obstruction, or alleged obstruction,
to the free navigation of said river the cause may be tried
before the circuit court of the United States in and for
any district in which any portion of said bridge or obstruc-
tion is located.
Spans gjjc 2. That said bridge, between the Iowa shore and
the lowlands or islands on the Wisconsin side of the river,
shall be constructed with unbroken and continuous spans,
Channel span, and the uiaiu span shall be over the main navigable
channel of the river, and shall give a clear width of water-
way not less than three hundred and fifty feet, and shall
give clear headroom the full length of said span of not
less in any case than fifty-five feet above extreme high-
water mark, as understood at the point of location. The
remaining spans shall each give a clear width of waterway
not less than two hundred feet and a clear headroom not
less in any case than fifteen feet between extreme high-
water mark and the lower chords of the superstructure.
Said bridge shall be constructed at right angles to, and
its piers parallel with, the current of the river.
Toll. Sec. 3. That said Dubuque and Wisconsin Bridge Com-
pany shall have the right to charge and collect a reason-
able rate of toll for the passage across said bridge of
v^ehicles, animals, and foot passengers, and travelers, sub
ject to approval by the Secretary of War.
aiTcZvictuT^ ^"^EC. 4. That this Act shall be null and void if actual
construction of the bridge herein authorized be not com-
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date of the passage hereof.
u J'^Yn d^'V"*^ ^^^* '^' "^^^^ ^^^ bridge built under this Act, and subject
route.**" ^'"* to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall be
known and recognized as a post route, and it shall enjoy
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3513
ibe rights and privileges of other post roads in the United
States; and equal privileges in the use of said bridge shall
be granted to all telegraph and telephone companies;
and the United States shall have the right of way across
said bridge and its approaches for postal-telegraph pur-_^pj*"^^®^®"
poses.
Sec. G, That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act ^^ Amend m cut,
is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, July 23, 1894.
^ 162. — All Act To authorize the constractioii of a brulgo july2C, ihw.
across the Missouri River at or near the city of Lcxin^^toii, Missouri.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of tlie United States of America in Congress assembled, That BrMce amf Tee-
the Lexington Bridge and Terminal Comi>any, a corpora- JJJ^^^I^.^^^^^^
tion existing under the laws of the State of Missouri, its BouriRiVer. Lex-
assigns, grantees, successors, and legal representatives. *"^*^°'^**'
be, and is hereby, authorized to build, own, operate, ana
maintain a bridge and approaches thereto over the Missouri
River at or near the city of Lexington, in said State of
Missouri. Said bridge shall be constructed to provide foron^inyVoSt
the passage of railway trains, and, at the option of the brWgo.
persons by whom it may be built, may be used for the pas-
sage of wagons and vehicles of all kinds, for the transit of
animals, and for foot passengers for such reasonable rates
of toll as may be approved from time to time bythe Secre- I'ou.
tary of War; and in case of any litigation concerning any Litigation.
alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said river on
account of said bridge, the cause may be tried before the
circuit court of the United States in whose jurisdiction any
portion of said obstruction or bridge is located.
Sec. 2. That any bridge constructed under this Act and uro^^^Jj ^'^^"at"
according to its limitations shall be a lawful structure and roSte!*"* '*"*
shall be recognized and known as a post route, upon which,
also, no higher charge shall be made for the transmission
over the same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of
war of the United States than the rate per mile paid for their
transportation over the railroads or public highways leading
to said bridge; and the United States shall have the right
of way for postal telegraph and telephone purposes across i'os*«i *«^«
said bridge. ^^^^ '
Sec. 3. That said bridge shall be made with unbroken construction.
and continuous spans and shall not be of less elevation in
any case than lifty feet above higli-water mark, as under-
stood at the point of location, to the lowest member of the
bridge superstructure, nor shall the spans of said bridge
over the Avaterway of said river be less than four hundred
feet in length in the clear, and the piers of said bridge
shall be parallel Avith the current of said river, and the
bridge itself at right angles thereto: Frovidedj That in ProvUoM,
case the approach and passage under the channel span ofg^^fjon* ^^ °^'^**
said bridge be found at any time dangerous or difficult of
access by the river traffic, the owners of said bridge shall
3514 REPORT 'OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
construct at their own expense, such works of channel reg-
ulation and such aids to navigation as the Secretary of
War shall order, to render the approach and passage
reasonably safe and easy: Provided alsoj That the said
• company or corporation shall maintain, at its own expense,
Lights, etc. from suusct to suurisc, such lights or other signals on said
bridge as the Light- House Board shall prescribe.
uhc by railroad Seo. 4. That all ruilroad companies desiring the use of
conipauies. ^^^.^ bridge shall have and be entitled to equal rights and
privileges relative to the passage of railway trains over
the same, and over the approaches thereto, upon payment
of a reasonable compensation for its use; and in case the
Ttrms owner or owners of said bridge and the several railroad
companies, or any of them, desiring such use shall fail to
agree upon the sum or sums to be paid, and to rules and
conditions to which each shall conform in using such bridge,
all matters at issue between them shall be decided by the
Secretary of War upon a hearing of the allegations and the
proof of the parties.
Secretary of Sec. 5. That any bridge authorized to be constructed
pu"s.*etc?^™''' under this Act shall be built and located under and subject
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe ; and to secure
that object the company or corporation shall submit to the
Secretary of War, for his examination and approval, a
design and drawing of the bridge, and a map of the loca-
tion, giving for the space of one mile above and one mOe
below the proposed location, the topography of the banks
of the river, the shore lines at high and low water, the
direction and strength of the current at all stages, and the
soundings, accurately showing the bed of the stream, the
location of any other bridge or bridges, and shall furnish
such other inlbrmation as shall be required for a full and
satisfactory understanding of the subject; and until the
said plan and location of the bridge- are approved by the
Secretary of War the bridge shall not be built; and should
Changes. .^^jy chaugc bo made in the plan of said bridge during the
progress of construction, such change shall be subject to
anrZ?Sn°^ thc approval of the Secretary of War; and if said bridge
is not commenced within one year and completed within
three years from the pa.ssage of this Act, the rights and
privileges hereby granted shall be null and void.
Amenam e ii t . Sec. G. That thc right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
is hereby expressly reserved, and the right to require any
changes in the structure or its entire removal, at the
expense of the owners thereof, whenever Congress decides
that the public interest requires it, is also expressly reserved.
Approved, July 26, 1894.
etc
July 30, 1894. CHAP. 170. — An Act Granting the use of certain land to the town
- of Castino, Maine, for a public park.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatirei
Caatine.Me. of the United States of America in Congress a^sembledy That
there is hereby granted to the town of Gastine, in the State
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3515
of Maine, the right t-o occupy, improve, and control, for the fo^*»ubVc^*^*"k*^
purposes of a public park for the use and beneiit of the ^^ '*° ^^ ^^^ '
citizens of the United States, and for no other purpose
whatever, the tract of land owned by the United States
situated in the extreme southerly part of said town of Cas-
tine, containing three acres, more or less, and known as
the "Fort Madison lof -^said tract being more fully
described in the deed of Joseph and Phebe Perkins, con-
veying the said land to the President of the United States,
dated April first, eighteen hundred and nine, which deed
is recorded in the records of Hancock County, Maine, book
numbered twenty-seven, page one hundred and five — upon
the following conditions and provisions, namely:
First. That the said town of Gastine shall ascertain by
proper survey and accurately mark in a permanent man- Survey.
ner the boundaries of said tract of land according to the
description given in said deed; that no use of said land .
shall be begun by the said town until after general plans Approval by
of said improvement shall have been submitted to and wa^rf^**"^'^ ^^
approved by the Secretary of War.
Second. That said town of Castine shall have and exer- Protection.
cise power to make and enforce police regulations concerning
saidtractand shall properly protect all said property from
injury.
Third. That the United States reserves to itself the fee ^J^^ ®^' "•
in said tract and the right to resume immediate and entire *^^^
possession whenever either of the above provisions shall
have been violated, and also to resume possession and
occupy any portion thereof whenever, in the judgment of
the President, the exigency arises that should require the
use and appropriation of the same for public defense or
otherwise, or for such other disposition as Congress may
determine, without any claim for compensation to said town
for improvement thereon or damage on account therof.
Approved, July 30, 1894.
CHAP. 174. — An Act Making appropriatioDS for tho legislative, July 31, 18M.
executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal year —
ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That Legislative, ex-
the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropri- d??ua % xpenaes
ated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriations,
appropriated, in full compensation for the service of the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and
ninety- five, for the objects hereinafter expressed, namely:
• ••«•••
WAR DEPARTMENT. ^em*' ^^^*'^
• •*••••
Office of the Chief of EwaiNBERs: Chief clerk, Engineeroffice.
two thousand dollars; four clerks of class four,* two clerks
of class three; three clerks of class two; three clerks of
3516 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
class one; one clerk, at one thousand doHars; one assist-
ant messenger; and two laborers; in all, twenty-three
thousand two hundred and forty dollars.
Draasmen, etc. And the services of skilled draftsmen, civil engineers,
and such other services as the Secretary of War may deem
necessary, may be employed^ only in the office of the Chief
of Engineers to carry into effect the various appropriations
for rivers and harbors, fortifications, and surveys to be
Proviso. paid from such appropriations : Provided^ That the expend-
Limit. itures on this account for the fiscal year ending June
thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, shall not
exceed seventy-two thousand dollars; and that the Secre-
Report. ^^ry of War shall each year, in the annual estimates, report
to Congress the number of persons so emi)loyed and the
amount paid to each.
Pnbiic build PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.
iogs and grounds.
^^iork,^rae«scn Office of Public BuiLDiNas and Grounds : For one
ger, gar ener. ^.\q^\^^ Q^iib thousaud SIX hundred dollars; one messenger;
one public gardener, one thousand eight hundred dollars;
in all, four thousand two hundred and forty dollars.
OvtrsecM, etc. For ovcrscers, draftsman, foremen, mechanics, gardeners,
and laborers employed in the public grounds, twenty-eight
thousand dollars.
Watchmen. For day watchman in Franklin Square, six hundred and
sixty dollars.
For day watchman in Lafayette Square, six hundred and
sixty dollars.
For two day watchmen in Smithsonian Grounds, at six
hundred and sixty dollars each, one thousand three hun-
dred and twenty dollars.
For two night watchmen in Smithsonian Grounds, at
seven hundred and twenty dollars each, one thousand four
hundred and forty dollars.
For one day watchman at Judiciary Square and one
at Lincoln Squareand adjacent reservations, at six hun-
dred and sixty dollars each, one thousand three hundred
and twenty dollars.
For one night watchman at Judiciary Square, seven
hundred and twenty dollars.
For one day watchman at Iowa Circle; one at Thomas
Circle and neighboring reservations; one at Washington
Circle and neighboring reservations; one at Dupont Circle
and neighboring reservations; one at McPherson and Far-
ragut squares; one at Stanton Square and neighboring res-
ervations; two at Henry and Seaton squares and reserva-
tions east of Botanic Garden; one at Mount Vernon Square
and adjacent reservations; one for the greenhouses and
nursery ; one at grounds south of Executive Mansion, eleven
in all, at six hundred and sixty dollars each, seven thou-
sand two hundred and sixty dollars.
For one night watchman at Henry and Seaton squares
and reservations east of Botanic Garden, seven hundred
and twenty dollars.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3517
For one night watclimau at Garfield Park, seven liun-
dreil and twenty dollars.
For contingent and incidental expenses, five linndred Coutinpcntcx-
dollars. P«"''^«-
• * « * « • ' «
Approved, July 31, 1894.
*. 178. — An Act Making appropriations for fortifications and August l. f«94.
other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement — -
of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That Fortifications
the sams of money herein provided for be, and the same ^pp'^**^*"***®"*-
are hereby, appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treas-
ury not otherwise appropi^iated, to be available until
expended, namely;
GlTN AND MORTAR BATTERIES: For COUStrUCtioil Of gun Gnn and mor-
and mortar batteries, four hundred thousand dollars. *" battericA.
For construction of gun and mortar platforms, one hun-
dred thousand dollars.
Sites for fortifications and seacoast defenses: sites.
For the procurement of land, or right pertaining thereto,
needed for the site, location, construction, or prosecution
of works for fortifications and coast defenses, one hundred
and fifty thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be
necessary.
Preservation and repair of fortifications: For Prc»ervation,
the protection, preservation, and repair of fortifications for ® *''
which there may be no special appropriation available,
forty-five thousand dollars.
For construction of a sea-wall on the north shore of Sandy
Hook, New Jersey, seven thousand five hundred dollars.
For preparation of plans for fortifications, 1\\q thousand ^**^°*
dollars.
. Sewerage system at Fort Monroe, Virginia: For va^*^"^^ *'"'***'
one-half of the cost of construction of a sewerage system Sewerage.
for all buildings at Fort Monroe, Virginia, thirty-seven
thousand five hundred dollars : Provided^ That the owners '''•«'^*»»»
of hotels and of other nonmilitary buildings now at Fort
Monroe, Virginia, shall bear one-half of the expense of con- |,y",J|5[^|**JjJ'^^^j!^
struction of the said sewer, and the Secretary of War be, etc.
and he is hereby, authorized and directed to equitably and
justly apportion among, assess against, and collect from
the said owners and to expend in construction of the said
sewer the moiety of the estimated cost thereof; and the
Secretary of War is hereby further authorized to assess ^Sifagf.*^* ^"
upon vessels using the wharf at Fort Monroe, Virginia, one-
half of the actual cost of repairs rendered necessary by the
ordinary wear and tear of said wharf, and any damage done
to said wharf by any vessel shall be paid for by the owner
or owners of said vessel; and he is also authorized and charges for
-,. 2. t J* A' J. A' J. J.1 -1 iBtreel repairs,
directed from time to time to cause to be assessed upon and et\
collected from the owners of nonmilitary buildings situated
3518 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
within the limits of the Fort Monroe military reservation,
and from individuals or corporations engaged fn business
thereat, other than water navigation companies, one-half
of such sum or sums of money as he may deem just, rea-
sonable, and necessary for expenditure upon the repair and
operation of such roads, pavements, streets, lights, sewer-
age, and general police as, in the opinion of the Secretary
of War, should be constructed and maintained in order to
protect the interests of the United States and the interests,
health, and general welfare of the said noumilitary inter-
ests now established or that may hereafter be established
uuooi receipts, at Fort Monroo: Provided further j That all funds collected
as above provided, or that may be received from other inci-
dental sources from and after this date, be, and are hereby,
made special contingent funds, to be collected and expended
for the above purposes in accordance with rules and regu-
lations to be prescribed by the Secretary of War, who will
render annually to Congress a detailed account of all receipts
and expenditures.
er^hJ!*^*' *^"^ ^^^ ^^^y unexpended balance of the appropriation for
Vol. 25, p. 966. construction, complete, of a sewerage system at Fort Mon-
roe, made by the sundry civil appropriation Act approved
March second, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, is hereby
covered into the Treasury.
• «««•••
Purchases. BOABD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION: To enable
t4?8tH, e c. ^^^ Board to make all needful and proper purchases, exper-
iments, and tests to ascertain, with a view to their ntiliza-
tion by the Government, the most effective guns, small
arms, cartridges, projectiles, fuses, explosives^ torpedoes,
armor plates^ and other implements and engines of war,
and to purchase or cause to be manufactured under author-
ity of the Secretary of War, such guns, carriages, armor
l)lates, and other war materials and articles as may, in the
judgment of the Board, be necessary in the proper dis-
voi. 25, p. 480. charge of the duty devolved upon it by the Act approved
September twenty-second, eighteen hundred and eighty-
^civiiion mem- eight: to pay the salary of the civilian member of the
Vol. 26, p. 769. Board of Ordnance and Fortification provided by the Act
of February twenty- fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-
one, and for the necessary traveUng expenses of said mem
ber when traveling on duty as contemplated in said Actj
ExiHMiaea. for payment of the necessary expenses of the Board, includ-
ing a per diem allowance to each officer detailed to serve
thereon when employed on duty away from his permanent
station, of two dollars and fifty cents a day; and for the
test of experimental guns and carriages procured in accord-
ance with the recommendations of the Board of Ordnance
]ur\n\^ « ^^^^ Fortification, one hundred thousand dollars. Pro-
invcmions.' ^^^ vided^ That before any money shall be expended in tUo
construction or test of any gun, gun carriage, ammunition,
or implements under the supervision of the said Board,
the Board shall be satisfied, after due inquiry, that the
Government of the United States has a lawful right to
use the inventions involved in the construction of such
gun, gun carriage^ ammunition, or implements, or that the
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3519
construction or test is made at the request of a person
either having such lawful right or authorized to convey
the same to the Government,
That all material purchased under the foregoing provi- bo^orAmoricaS
sions of this act shall be of American manufacture, except manufacttire.
in cases when, in the judgment of the Secretary of War, Exception.
it is to the manifest interest of the United States to make
purchases in limited quantities abroad, which material
shall be admitted free of duty.
Approved August 1, 1894.
^ 195. — An Act To amend an Act entitled ''An Act antborizing Augnst 3, 1804.
the construction of a high wagon bridge across the Missouri River at
or near Sioux City, Iowa/' approved March second, eighteen hundred'
and eighty -nine, as amended by Acts of April thirtieth, eighteen hun-
dred and ninety, February seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-
three, and March twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four.
Be it enacted by the Seriate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That Bridg© acroea
section one of the Act entitled *'An Act authorizing the con- Jl'^siSux cVty'
struction of a high wagon bridge across the Missouri Ei ver lowa.
at or near Sioux City, lowa,^ approved March second,
eighteen hundred and eighty-niue, as amended by an Act
entitled "An Act to amend 'An Act authorizlDg the con- voi.25,p.w9.
struction of a high wagon bridge across the Missouri River voi. 26, p. 79
at or near Sioux City, Iowa, approved March second, eigh-
teen hundred and eighty-nine,"' which amendment was
approved April thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, and
as amended by an Act entitled "An Act to amend 'An Act voi. 27,p.4M.
authorizing the construction of a high wagon bridge across
the Missouri River at or near Sioux City, Iowa, and so
forth,'" whichamendment was approved February seventh,
eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and as amended by an
Act entitled "An Act to amend 'An Act authorizing the
construction of a high wagon bridge across the Missouri
River at or near Sioux City, Iowa, approved March second,
eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, as amended by Acts of
April thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, and February
seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety- three,'" which amend-
ment was approved March twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred
and ninety-four, be so amended that instead and in place
of the words "for such reasonable rates of toll as the city
of Sioux City, Iowa, may from time to time prescribe, sub-
ject to the approval of the Secretary of War," the said sec-
tion shall read "for such reasonable rates of toll as the ^loved^b-^^^ser
owner or owners of said bridge may from time to time pre- ie?ary of ^Va'r'^
scribe, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War."
Approved, August 3, 1894.
3520 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
AuguHt 4, 1894. CHAP. 206. — An Act Authorizing the Purcell Bridge and Transfer
— Company to construct and maintain a bridge over the bonth Canadian
River at or within one mile of the town of Xtoxington, county of
Cleveland, Territory of Oklahoma.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Purcell Bridge of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
c"mpany°?nny tl^® P^^rc^^l Bridge and TrausfcF Couipany, a corporatioii
bridge South ci created under tbe laws of the Territory of Oklahoma by
Lox'ington. okU Charter filed January fifteenth, anno Domini eight^ien hun-
dred and ninety-two, is authorized to construct and main
tain a bridge, and approaches thereto, over the South
Canadian River, at or within one mile of the town of Lex-
ington, ill the county of Cleveland, Territory of Oklahoma,
brTdgl?"* "^^^^^^ to be used for the passage of foot passengers, animals, and
Toii8. vehicles of all kinds, for reasonable rates of tolls, to be
approved from time to time by the Secretary of War.
connnoncement ggc. 2. That the right herein granted shall be void unless
competion. gj^i^ibri^jg^ jg ^Qj^uieiiced withiu oue year and completed
within three years from the passage of this act.
Lawful struct Sec. 3, That the bridge constructed under this act shall
ro'iJte*" ^*"*%e a lawful structure, and shall be known and recognized
as a post route, and the same is hereby declared to be a
post route upon which also no higher charge shall be made
for the transmission over the same of the mails, the troops,
and the munitions of war of the United States than other
persons pay for like transportation; and the United States
ra**?/*^ ^*^^®- shall have the right of way for the postal telegraph across
^^i^roktot. said bridge: Provided^ That before the construction of the
bridge herein authorized is commenced the said company
socretary of shall submit to the Secretary of War the plans and specifi-
pi^iiB.^etc*!^^™^*^ cations of said bridge, showing the proposed location and
structure contemplated, and that it shall be decided by the
Secretary that said bridge does not and will not obstruct
^^"^•»*"""^'^e*or impair the navigation of said South Canadian Kiver:
Provided also. That said bridge shall, at all times, be so
kex>t and managed as to offer reasonable and proper means
for the passage of vessels and other water craft through or
under said structure, and for the safety of vessels passing
at night there shall be displayed on said bridge, from the
LiKiit«, et.;. hours of sunset to sunrise, such lights or other signals as
maybe prescribed by the Light-Uouse Board: Provided
Ameiidmf^niR further J That Cougrcss reserves the right to alter, amend,
*^*^' or repeal this act at any time; and that if at any time navi-
gation of said river shall in any manner be obstructed or
impaired by said bridge, the Secretary of War shall have
authority, and it shall be his duty, to require the said com
Changes. pany to alter and change the said bridge, at its own expense,
in such manner as may be proper to secure free and com-
plete navigation without impediment; and if upon reason-
able notice to said company to make such changeor improve-
ments the said company fails to do so, the Secretary of
War shall have authority to make the same at the exx)ense
of said company, and all rights conferred by this act shall
be forfeited; and Congress shall have power to do any and
Free iiaviga all tliiugs ncccssaiy to secure the free navigation of said
river.
Approved, Augftst 4, 18^.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3521
212. — An Act To amend an Act to authorize the construe- Angu»t 4, 1884.
tion of a steel bridge over the S{i.int Louis River, between the States
of Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of Representatives ,, .,
of the United States of Ameriea in Congress assembled^ That st. Loms nwcr.
sections two and three of said Act be amended so as to
read as follows:
'' Sec. 2. That any bridge built under the provisions o^navr^a^i^n"^^*^*^
this Act shall be built and constructed without material"*^ ga on.
interference with the security and convenience of naviga
tion on said river beyond w^hat is necessary to carry into
efl'ect the rights and privileges hereby granted, and shall
be of such height in the clear above high-water mark as^^^<'*g^>*«>»«°^-
shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War, with rafting*^
spans on either side of the draw of not less than two hun-
dred and fifty feet each; and in order to secure compli-
ance with these conditions the said corporation shall sub- -vvL^r^JS^T^ ro?e
mit to the Secretary of War a plan of the bridge and acces- piaM. etc?'^™^*^
sory works provided for in this Act, together with a
detailed map of the river for a distance of one mile above
,and one mile below the proposed site of said bridge, with
such information as may be required by the Secretary of
War for a full and satisfactory understanding of the sub-
ject; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and
directed, upon receiving such plan and map anTl other
information, and being satisfied that the bridge built upon
such plan and with such accessory works and at such
locality will conform to the prescribed condition of this
Act. to notify the company that he approves the same; and
upon receiving such notification the said company may
proceed to the erection of said bridge, conforming strictly
to the approved plan and location; but until the Secretary
of War §hall approve the plan and location of said bridge
and accessory works, and notify the company of the same,
the bridge shall not be bijilt or commenced; and should
any change be made or become necessary in the plan of ^'^*°«^*-''-
the bridge or accessory works during the progress of con-
struction or after completion such change shall likewise be
subject to the approval and direction of the Secretary of
War.
'^Sec. 3. That the accessory works referred to in the^,^**^*^**""^*«*-
preceding section shall be such booms, dikes, piers, or
other suitable and proper structures for confining the flow
of water to a permanent channel, and for the guiding of
steamboats, rafts, and other water craft safely through the
draw and rafting spans, as shall be required by the Secre-
tary of War, and in addition thereto, and before the putting
in place of the draw si)ans of the bridge to be built under
this Act, the company or persons owning or holding such
bridge shall be required, under thedirection and supervision
of the Secretary of War, or of such officer as he shall desig- ^^^^^ ^.^
nate, to dredge out to a minimum depth of twenty-one ^^^ *'''"*^'
feet, the two triangular spaces above and below the pro-
posed site of the bridge, included in the interior angles
formed by the crossing of the two sliip channels at ''the
ENO 9-1 221
3522 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OP ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Maintenanceof gate," to sucli an extcut RS to Create a basin, the easterly
and westerly limits of which shall be, respectively, at not
less than one thousand feet from the axis of the bridge
and shall be parallel thereto."
Approved, August 4, 1894.
An^ust 6, 1894. CHAP. 228. — An Act Making appropriations for tho support of the
' Army for the fiscal year ending June tnirtieth, eighteen hundred and
ninety-five, and for other purposes.
Array
priatiuuH.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Souse of Bepresentutives of
appro- the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That the
following sums be, and they are hereby, appropriated, out
of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated,
for the support of the Army for the year ending June
thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five:
MISCELLANEOUS.
Public build- For additional pay to oflScer in charge of public build-
jDga.etc.D. c. .j^^g ^^^^ grouuds in Washington, District of Columbia,
one thofisand dollars.
Incidcntfll
pense».
ex
Mntorials.
Inatnimeuts.
Books.
Engineer depot at Willets Point, New York: Incidental
expenses of the depot, including fuel, lights, chemicals,
stationery, hardware; extra-duty pay to soldiers necessa-
rily employed for periods not less than ten days a« artifi-
cers on work in addition to and not strictly in line of
their military duties, such as carpenters, blacksmiths,
draftsmen, printers, lithographers, i)hotographers^ engine-
drivers, teamsters, wheelwrights, masons, machinists,
painters, overseers, laborers; repairs of and for materials
to repair public buildings, machinery, and unforeseen ex
penses, four thousand dollars.
For the purchase of materials for the instruction of engi-
neer troops at Willets Point in their special duties as sap
pers and miners, for land and submarine mines, and iwnto-
neers, torpedo drill, and signaling, three thousand iiYe
hundred dollars.
For purchase and repair of instruments to be issued to
officers of the Corps of Engineers, and to oittcers detailed
and on duty as Jicting engineer officers for use on public
works and surveys, two thousand dollars.
Library of the United States Engineer School: Pur-
chase and binding of professional works of recent date
treating of military and civil engineering and kindred sci-
entific subjects, five hundred dollars.
»
Approved, August G, 1804.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3523
CHAP. 231. — An Act To nmeiid an Act approTcd January twenty- Augnst 7, 1894.
sixth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, to authorize the construe-
tionof bridges across the Iliwassce, the Tennessee, and Clinch rivers,
in the State of Tennessee.
Be it enacted by the Scnaie and House of Mepresentatlves
of the United States of America in Congress a^semhledj That Bridg© across
the Act approved January twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred ^j^^*"^®^- ^®°'
and ninety-three, entitled *'An Act to authorise the con-cHifcu*'riTe?8,
struction of bridges across the Hiwassee, the Tennessee, '^'®°°-
and the Clinch rivers, in the State of Tennessee," be, and
is hereby, amended so that the time within which the Time for con-
actual construction of said bridges may be commenced is JeJiaed/**" ^*
hereby extended for the period of one year from the date voi.27,p.424.
of the approval of this Act-
Approved, August 7, 1894.
CHAP. 232. — An Act Making appropriations to provide for the August 7.1894.
expenses of the govecument of tlie District of Cohimbia for the liacal "" ——.
year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives ^/*,nJIu/'^*^^ ^^ ^"
the United States of Amerixja nt Congress assembled^ That atloni* «pi»«>pr»-
thehalf of the following sums named, respectively, is hereby
appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not other-
wise appropriated, and the other half out of the revenues of Hair fn>m dis
the District of Columbia, for the purposes following, being '"* *^ rev^uucs.
for the expenses of the government of the District of Colum-
bia for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun-
dred and ninety-five, namely:
GENERAL EXPENSES. JiVr'*^ "
FOR SALARIES AND CONTINGENT EXPENSES. Snlarie8, etc.
Fob Executive Office : * • * | one Engineer ^^J;'^^^"*^'" ® ^^'
Commissioner, one thousand seven hundred and sixty- ^Engineer com
eight dollars (to make salary five thousand dollars) ; misaioncr.
For Engineer's Office : * • • Provided^ That the Proviso.
last clause of section five of "An Act providing a perma- Engineer aaeiat
nent form of government for the District of Columbia," "°voi. 20. p. io7.
approved June eleventh, eighteen hundred and seventy-
eight, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: The
President of the United States may detail from the Engi-
neer Corps of the Array not more than three officers, junior Time author.
to the engineer officer belonging to the Board of Coniniis- *^*^*^
sioners of said District, to act as assistants to said Engi-
neer Commissioner in the discharge of the special duties
imposed upon him by the provisions of this Act.
Care of Bridges: * ♦ * For the repair of the ^aroof bruigcH.
Aqueduct bridge, fifty-one thousand and seventy dollars, ^'i"«*i"<^^t^"*iK«.
3524 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
said suiu jx) be expended by, and the work to be done
under the direction of, the Chief of Engineers of the
Army, by contract or otherwise, and by the purchase of
material in open market in order to prevent delay in the
Ijrosecution of the work. ^
vl\V^ ^''"*^^ Rock Creek Park: That the authorities in joint con-
trol of Rock Creek Park, as provided in section seven of
the Act of September twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred
fill '"^^^ ninety, establishing said park, are authorized to rent
hig8"eu;.%uihor or lease, for periods not exceeding one year at any one
***^<^- time, the buildings and arable ground therein, for such
rental as shall seem proper to said authorities, and deposit
the proceeds of such rents or leases with the collector of
taxes to the credit of the United States and said District
in equal parts.
*
Anu«'«i«ct. Washington Aqueduct.
^^Engimu,! ing. Yot engineering, maintenance, and -general repairs,
twenty thousand dollars.
^ Reccivinj; r» s Towards the improvement of the receiving (or Dalocarlia)
reservoir by the works required for cutting off the drainage
into it of polluted water and sewage from the surrounding
countrj'; for the purchase or condemnation of the smaU
amount of land required for the purpose, and the excava-
tion necessary at the head of the reservoir, fifty- two thou-
sand five hundred dollars, the work to be completed within
the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety-five at a cost
not to exceed ninety thousand dollars.
Conauit. For protecting the conduit at wasteweir numbered one,
near Great Falls, five thousand dollars.
Kria-*s. For repaving Griffith's Park and Cabin John bridges,
five thousand dollars.
Approved, August 7, 1804.
■>
AugiiHt 13, 1894 . CHAP. 280. — An Act For the protection of persons furnishing mate-
rials and labor for the construction of public works.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representutivei
Contractors on of the United States of America in Congress assembled j That
**'penai^bSnd to ^^^^^eafter any x)erson or persons entering into a formal con-
include Bcciirity tract with tlio United States for the construction of any
tcriau. '^'^°* '"* public buildiug, or the prosecution and completion of any
public work or for repairs upon any imblic building or pub-
lic work, shall be required before commencing such work
to execute the usual penal bond, with good and sufficient
sureties, with the additional obligations that such con-
tractor or contractors shall promptly make payments to
foHabOTormate' *^^ pcrsous Supplying him or them labor and materials in
rJaia^funnaUed.*' tho prosccutiou of tlic work provided for in such contract;
and any person or persons making application therefor,
and furnishing affidavit to the Department under the
direction of which said work is being, or has been, prose-
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3525
cutcd, that labor or materials for the prosecution of such
work has been supplied by him or them, and payment for
which has not been made, shall be furnished with a certi-
fied coi)y of said contract and bond, upon which said per-
son or i)ersons supi)lying such labor and materials shall
have J\ right of action, and shall be authorized to bring'
suit in the name of the United States for his or their use
and benefit against said contractor and sureties and to i^roiiuo.
prosecute the same to final judgment and execution: Pro- Expense
vided^ That such action and its prosecutions shall involve
the United States in no expense.
Sec. 2. Provided that in such case the court in which
such action is brought is authorized to require proper
security for costs in case judgment is for the defendant.
Approved, August 13, iS94.
(.'08t«.
CHAP. 283. — An Act To nnthorizo the ooustrnctioii of a wagon and August 13, 18M.
foot bridge across tho Chattaboocheo River at or near tho town of
Cohinibia, Alabama.
Be it enacted hy the Senate and Hotise of Representatii^es
of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That Bridge company
tho Columbia Bridge Company, a corporation created l>y lihoa^hef^iuvOT
or under the laws of tho State of Alabama, its successors Columbia, ali. '
or assignees, be, and is hereby, authorized to construct,
maintain, and operate a bridge for the passage of vehicles
of all kinds, animals, and foot passengers, across the Chat-
tahoochee River at or near the town of Columbia so as to
connect with Georgia on the opposite shore: Provided^ construction
That any bridge built under the provisions of this Act may
be built as a drjiwbridge, or with unbroken and continuous
spans: Provided afeo, That if said bridge shall bo built High bridge.
with unbroken and continuous spans, it shall give a clear
headroom of not less than fifty- five feet above high- water
mark as the same shall be fixe<l and determined by the
Secretary of War: And provided alsoj That if said bridge
shall be constructed as a draw^bridge, the same shall be T^rairbridge.
constructed as a pivot drawbridge, with a draw over tho
main channel of the river at an accessible and the best
navigable point, and with drawspans giving a clear w idth
of w^aterwjiy of not less than one hundred feet on each side
of the pivot pier; and said draw shall be opened promptly,
upon reasonable signal, for the passage of boats: Provided
further. That whatever kind of bridge is constructed the
owners thereof shall maintain thereon, at their own expense,
from sunset to sunrise, such lights or other signals as may T.ight«,etc.
be prescribed by the Light- House Board.
Seo. 2. That any bridge built under the provisions of Lawful struct-
this Act shall be a lawful structure, and shall be recognized J^^tc^"*^ ^^'^
and known as a post route, upon which no higher charge
shall be made for the transmission over the same of the
mails, troops, and munitions of war of the United States
passing over said bridge than the rate per mile paid for
the transportation over the public highways leading to
said bridge, and equal privileges in the use of said bridge
shall be granted to all the telegraph and telephone com-
3526 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
pauies; and the United States shall hj^ve the right of way
Postal tele- jicross Said bridge and approaches for postal-telegraph
^^^" purposes; and said bridge shall be so constructed and
F r e 0 naviga- operated as not to interfere with the navigation of said river.
^***°' Sec. 3. That said bridge company shall have the right to
Tc»ii. charge and collect a reasonable rate of toll, to be approved
by the Secretary of War, not exceeding the rate limited by
the law of Alabama.
war^t^a^^rove ^^^' ^' That the bridge authorized to be constructed
piaM, ctc*^^^**^^ under this Act shall be located and built under and subject
to such regulations for the security of the navigation of
• said river as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to
secure that object the said company or corporation shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and
approval, a design and drawings of the proposed bridge
and a map of the location, giving for the space of one-half
mile above and one-half mile below the proposed location
the topography of the banks of the river, the shore lines
at high and low water, the direction and strength of the
currents, and the soundings, accurately showing the bed
of the stream, and shall furnish such other information as
may be required for a full and satisfactory understanding;
of the subject; and until the said plan and location of the
bridge are approved by the Secretary of War no work uikmi
chaiigea. the bridge shall be commenced, and should any change be
made in the plan of said bridge during the progress of
coEgtruction such change shall be subject to the approval
of the Secretary of War.
comnienco. Sec. 5. That this Act shall bc uuU aud void if actual con-
piotion*"* ^°™ struction of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced
within one year and completed within three years from the
date of approval hereof.
^^Am«ndment, sec. 0. That Cougrcss hereby expressly reserves the
right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act.
Approved, August 13, 1894.
August 13, 1894. CHAP. 285. — An Act To authorize a bridge across the Perdido
^ River between the States of Florida and Alabama.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Bridge author- o/^ f/^g United States of America in Congress assembled^ That
aido K^*^er at the couuty authorities of the counties of £scambia, Florida,
Fia"imi A?a "^^' ^^^ Baldwin, Alabama, be, and are hereby, authorized U>
construct, in accordance with plans to be approved by tbc
Free bridge. Sctnctary of War, an iron or wooden bridge for free use by
the public at or near Holman's Ferry across the Perdido
lliver, between the States of Alaban^a and Florida, and to
jointly maintain and regulate the same under such rules
aud regulations as may be agreed upon between the said
counties.
conimencomcut Seo. 2. That Said bridge shall be begun within one year
and completion. j^j,j| completed witliiu three years from the date of the
approval of this Act.
Amend me lit, Sec. 3. Tlic right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act is
^^' hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, August 13, 1894.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3527
CHAP. 299. — An Act Makiug appropriations for the construction, Aagnst 17, 1894.
repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and liar-
bore, ai^d for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Seriate and House of Representatives Appropru-
of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That<»ons for river*
the following sums of money be, and are hereby, appro- ""** ^^""^^^r*
priated, to be paid out of any money iu the Treasury not
otherwise appropriated, to be immediately available, and
to be exi)ended under the direction of the Secretary of
War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers, for the
construction, completion, repair, and preservation of the
pnblic works hereinafter named:
Improving harbor at Camden, Maine:' Continuing ^'^'^^f*^
improvement, twelve thousand dollars. *™ '^"' ®'
Improving harbor at Rockland, Maine: Continuing Rockland, Mo.
improvement, thirty thousand dollars, of which one thou-
sand dollars may be exx>ended in completing a survey of
the same with a view of making it available for vessels of
a deeper draft.
Improving Mooseabec Bar, Maine: Continuing improve- Bar ^re'**^*^"
meut, six thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Ba4ik Cove, Portland Harbor, b^^i^covo; ^*
Maine : Continuing imx)rovement, twenty thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Belfast, Maine: Continuing ^^eifaHt, mo.
improvement, eight thousand dollars.
For construction of breakwater from Mount Desert to . ^^""^ Desert
Porcupine Island, Maine: Continuing improvement, teuiBiaud^^Me*
thonsand dollars, to be expended in accordance with the breakwater.
modified project recommended by the Secretary of War.
Improving harbor of refuge at Little Harbor, New Hamp- ^^^^^^ iiarbor.
shire : Continuing improvement, ten thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Burlington, Vermont: Continuing ^P"ri»ne^o°'
improvement, ten thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Boston, Massachusetts : Continuing Boston, Mass.
improvement, by deepening and widening the main chan-
nel to a depth of twenty-seven feet and a width of one
thousand feet, two hundred thousand dollars, of which
ten thousand dollars may, in the discretion of the Secre-
tary of War, be used in the further prosecution of the work
in Kantasket Beach channel.
Improving harbor at Lynn, Massachusetts : Continuing Lynn, Mass.
improvement, seven thousand five hundred dollars: Fro- Proviso.
vided^ That the whole or any portion of this appropriation
may be expended on the western channel, in the discretion westem cUan
of the Secretary of War.
Salem Harbor, Massachusetts: So much of the appro- ^^aiem, Mas-*.
Ijriation heretofore made, as may be necessary, shall be
used in making a survey of Salem Harbor, with a view ^^^^^^^j'.^ey^jfo''
widening the harbor channel to the mouth of South River IJeY^°*"^
to the width of five hundred feet, and giving a depth of ^01.27. p. so.
at least ten feet at mean low water, and from the mouth
of said river to Derby wharf, beginning with a width of
three hundred feet and gradually narrowing, so that there
shall be at said wharf a width of not less than one hun-
dred and sixty feet and a depth from said mouth to said
wharf of not less than ten feet at mean low water, and
3528 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
with a view of dredging the " Middle Ground," so called,
between " Haste Ledge" and '^ Aqua Vitae" so as to give
a depth of twenty-five feet at mean low water.
Nantucket. Improving harbor of refuge at Nantucket, Massachu-
^^^* chusetts: Continuing improvement, twenty-five thousand
dollars,
xewburyport, Improving harbor at Newburyport, Massachusetts : Cou-
"""* tinning improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Plymouth, Improving harbor sit Plymouth, Massachusetts: Com-
Ma»8. pleting improvement, and for repairs, one thousand five
hundred dollars.
Provincototnt. For maintenance of works in harbor at Provincetown,
^'^'*" Massachusetts, one thousand five hundred dollars.
scituatcMass. Improving harbor at Scituate, Massachusetts: Contin-
uing improvement, ten thousand dollars.
Hynnui8,Ma8s, Improviug harbor at Hyannis, Massachusetts: Contin-
uing improvement, three thousand five hundred dollars.
Vineyard Improving harbor at Vineyard Haven, Massachusetts:
Haven, Mase. Continuing improvement, seven thousand five hundred
dollars,
sondy Bay, Improving harbor of refuge at Sandy Bay, Cape Ann,
Capo Ann, MasH. Massachusetts : Continuing improvement, one hundred <ind
fifty thousand dollars.
Gloucester. Improving harbor at Gloucester, Massachusetts: Con-
Maas. tinning improvement, forty thousand dollars.
Now Bedfoni, Imi)roviug harbor at ifcw Bcdford, Massachusctts : Com-
^'^^' pleting improvement, seven thousand five hundred dollars,
including survey with a view to obtaining a larger area of
anchorage,
w a r c h a ni , Improving harbor at Wareham, Massachusetts : The Sec-
Rc'survcy. rctary of War is directed out of the appropriation on hand
to make a resurvey of said harbor with a view' to its further
needed improvement.
M 0 r r i nj a c Mcrrimac River, Massachusetts : The Secretary of War
^^Kesurve • ^^ dircctcd out of thc appropriation on hand to make a
esurvej. pesurvey of said river with a view of obtaining a depth up
to Haverhill equal to that over the bar at Newburyport
Marthas Vine Improving inner harbor at Marthas Vineyard, Massjv
ynrd.Mass. chusctts: Completing improvement, two thousand five hun-
dred dollars.
r^anapitsit Improving Canapitsit Channel, Massachusetts, between
ciiannci,MaH«. ^^^^ islands of Cuttyhunk and Neshawana: Completing
improvement, five thousand dollars.
^^Bioik Island, Improving liarbor at Block Island, llhodc Island : Com-
pleting improvement, two thousand five hundred dollars,
including dredging when necessary and a survey and esti-
mates of cost for further improvement of said harbor.
NewiH)rt, K. I. Improving harbor at Newport, Khode Island, including
the removal of Spindle Rock, liose Island: Continuing
improvement, seven thousand five hundred dollars.
pind°K i^"*^'^^* Entrance to Point Judith Pond, two thousand five hun-
dred dollars, which, together with the previous unexpended
appropriation, shall be used in improving former entrance
to said pond,
^^ridgeport, Improving liarbor at Bridgeport, Connecticut: Continu-
ing improvement, ten thousand dollars, of which, in the
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3529
^discretion of the Secretary of War, so much as may bo iiec-
*essary may be used iu deepening tlio cbaunel at the outer
bar, and iu making a new survey of the harbor. '
Improving harbor at Black Rock, Connecticut: Continu- Biavk Rock,
ing improvement, two thousand five hundred dollars. ^*'°°*
Constructing breakwaters at New Haven, Connecticut: -^^^ iiav*'"'
•Continuing construction, one hundred and twenty-five thou- xe°°'' ^*^" ^^^
sand dollars.
Improving harbor at New Haven, Connecticut: Continu- harbor,
ing improvement, ten thousand dollars.
Improving Stonington Harbor, Connecticut, by removing stonington,
a part of Noyes' Shoal and dredging in the inner harbor, ^^°"'
in accordance with the report of Captain W. H. Bixby, of
the Corps ot Engineers, dated June twelfth, eighteen hun-
dred and ninety-three, five thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Five-Mile Eiver, Connecticut: Con- Five-Miio uiv.
tinuing improvement, two thousand five hundred dollars. ®''^®°°'
Improving harbor at Duck Island, on Long Island Sound, ^"cit island,
Connecticut: Continuing improvement, thirty thousand
dollars.
Improving harbor at Stamford, Connecticut : Continuing ^^^j^» "» f o r d ,
irai)rovement, ten thousand dollars, not less than half of ^°°"
which shall be expended on the East Branch.
Improving harbor at Cos Cob and Mianius River, Con- 9*>« cob and
necticut: Continuing improvement, four thousand dollars, conn"" *^*^^'
including a survey of the lower part of the harbor with a
view of making a turning basin therein.
Improving Norwalk Harbor, Connecticut: Continuing xorwaik.
improvement, fifteen thousand dollars. So much of this^**"°*
appropriation as may be necessary may, in the discretion
of the Secretary of War, be expended between the freight
depot of the Danbury and Norwalk Kailroad Company on
the north and Jennings, so called^ on the south to remove r o m ov i n «
the flats known as Ferrys Point between the channel and^*^"*^'*^-
the established harbor line; and any unexpended balance,
after completion of the above, may be used for the improve-
ment of the sharp bend in the channel near Keysers Island
at the mouth of the harbor: Provided^ Thsit the United proviM.
States shall be subjected to no cost for any lands required ^^p«n«<^-
to make this improvement.
Improving harbor at Buftalo, New York: Continuing uwffaio, x. y.
improvement, seventy thousand dollars, of which five thou-
sand dollars may be used in making a survey and plan for
extending the outer breakwater from a point at or near the
present outer breakwater soutlieasterly to a point at or
near Stoney Point.
Improving harbor at Canarsie Bay, New York: Contin- canarsio Bay,
uing improvement, two thousand dollars. ^' ^ '
Improving harbor at Charlotte, New York: Continuing ^c^' a ^^otte.
improvement, fifteen thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Dunkirk, New York: Continuing i)unkirk,x.v.
improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Flushing Bay, New York: Contin- Flushing Bay,
uing improvement, four thousand dollars. ^' ^
Improving harbor at Glen Cove, New York: Continuing ^y<^n covo,
improvement, ten thousand dollars.
'^
3530 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
NewYorkUar Improving Bay Ridgo and Red Hook channels, Xcw
*Bay Ridgo^^^^^ Harbor, New York: Continuing improvement of Bay*
cbaunei. Rldgc Channel by dredging out and opening the same
from a point at its junction with the Gowanus Creek Chan
nel (near Twenty-eighth street), southerly therefrom along
and in front of Gowanus Bay and Bay Ridge to a point
where the said Bay Ridge Channel, so to be opened,
encounters a twenty-six-foot contour or depth of water, so
that the channel, so to be opened, shall bo of a UDiforin
depth of twenty-six feet and a width of eight hundred feet
(hmnei ^****^^t lo w watcr, aud continuing improvement of Re<l Hook
Channel from its junction with the Bay Ridge Channel
to its connection with the Battermilk Channel, to ohtain
a depth of twenty-six feet at mean low water and a width
of four hundred feet, one hundred and fifty thousand dol-
Provuo. lars: Provided^ That the Secretary of War may, in his dis
cretion, expend twenty thousand dollars of said appropria-
^' Z J^K* "V *^^^ ^^ improving Gowanus Creek Channel under the proj-
Creek Channel. ^^^ ^^ obtain twcuty-one feet depth of water.
^G>-eat^sodii8 Improviog harbor at Great Sodus Bay, New York : Con-
^'^ * tinning improvement, fifteen thousand dollars.
Little sodua Improving harbor at Little Sodus Bay, New York: Con-
Bay, N. Y. tijiuing imi)rovement, eight thousand dollars.
oj^'iicnsburg. Improving harbor at Ogdensburg, New York: Gon-
^^' tinning improvement, tw^enty thousand dollars.
08wcgo,N.Y. Improving harbor at Oswego, New York: Con tinning
improvement, thirty-seven thousand dollars, of which ten
thousand dollars shall be expended in repairing the brea€k
recently made in the breakwater; and not exceeding ten
thousand dollars of which may, in the discretion of tlie
Secretary of War, be used for removing rock to widen and
deepen the inner harbor near the mouth of the Oswego
River.
Rondout. N. Y. Improving harbor at Rondout, New* York: For mainte-
nance, five thousand dollars.
^KewYorkHar- Improving New York Harbor, New York: Continuing
improvement, seventy-five thousand dollars.
^saugeriies, Improviug liarbor at Sangerties, New York: For com-
pletion, five thousand dollars.
Port Chester, Improving harbor at Port Chester, New York: Contiuu
ing improvement, five thousand dollars.
Tonawanda. Improving Tonawanda Harbor and Niagara River, New
iiiVerN.^Y?"*^^ York: Continuing improvement, fifty thousand dollars.
NiagaraRivor, Improving Niagara River from Tonawanda to Port Day
with a view to obtaining a channel of twelve feet depth to
Schlosser's Dock by cutting through the shoal at the head
of Connor's Island as indicated in the report of the Chief
of Engineers for eighteen hundred aud ninety-three, page
three thousand one hundred and thirteen, ten thousand
propHat^d ^®*'*^* dollars; and the unexi)ended balance of the appropriation
Vol 27* p. 97. heretofore made in the River and Harbor Act of July thir-
teenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, for the improve-
ment of the Niagara River from l^onawanda to Port Day
is hereby re-appropriated for this purpose.
am/'New jer^t- Inii)roving chauucl between Staten Island and the New
chaimei. ^**^ Jcrscy shorc, New York and New Jerse}': Contimnng
improvement, six thousand dollars.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3531
Improving Arthur Kill, between Staten Island and New -^^^^^^^ ^^^^«
Jersey shore, New York and New Jersey : For completion,
four thousand five hundred dollars.
Improving harbor at Huntington, New York: Gontinu- j^?^."^^"^*®"'
ing improvement, two thousand dollars.
Improving Buttermilk Channel, New York Harbor : Con- (j^^nei if y*^^
tinning improvement, fifty thousand dollars. "*°^ '
Improving harbor at Port Jefferson Inlet, New Y^ork : j^^J^^]^* *^®^'*"**°'
Seven thousand five hundred dollars to be expended in
obtaining tw elve feet in depth at mean low water in Port
Jefferson Inlet and Harbor, in accordance with the plan
submitted in annual report of the Chief of Engineers for
eighteen hundred and eighty-nine.
Improving harbor at Pultneyville, New York: Continu- j^^r^itnt-yviii©.
ing improvement, one thousand five hundred dollars.
Improving harbor at Saeketts Harbor, New York : For bo??K y\* ^"'
completion, five thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Earitan Bay, New Jersey: Con-j^^^"*" ^^y-
tinning improvement, forty thousand dollars, one-half of
which, in the discretion of the Secretary of War, shall be
used in dredging bar between South Amboy and Great
Beds Light. This appropriation shall include a survey
between South Amboy and Great Beds Light, with a view
to deepening the channel to twenty-one feet at mean low
water.
Improving Keyport Harbor, New Jersey; Completing Kevport, n.j.
improvement, five thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Erie, Pennsylvania: Continuing *>*«.!*«•
improvement, ten thousand dollars.
Improving Delaware Breakwater, Delaware : Continuing Br^kw»ter * ^ *
improvement, fifty thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Wilmington, and Christiana liiver, j^*»mingt«n.
Delaware : Continuing improvement, twenty- five thousand
dollars, including a survey of the Christiana Eiver and
harbor, with a view of obtaining a depth of twenty-one
feet.
Improving harbor at Baltimore, Maryland: For main- Baltimore. Md.
teuance, fifty thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Norfolk and its approaches, Vir- ^'"»"*'«^>'' va.
ginia: Continuing improvement, one hundred thousand
dollars.
Improving Harbor at Winyaw Bay, South Carolina: winyaw Bay.
Continuing improvement, one hundred and ten thousand ''^'^
dollars.
Harbor of Savannah, Georgia: The Secretary of War is savannah. oa.
hereby directed to report whether the works projected for chorigr
the improvement of the harbor will, when completed, afford
safe anchorage for vessels lying in Tybee Roads; if not,
whether there is any necessity for so constructing them,
giving, if so, such changes in plans and estimates as may
be necessary. ,^^
Improving harbor at BrunswicJjn-jeorgia : For mainte- J*r'"«w»cit.fi»-
nance, ten thousand dollars.
Imi)roving the outer bar of Brunswick, Georgia, thirty outer bar.
thousand dollars, the whole of which shall be paid to C. P. p.^g^"!;^^!* ^*
Goodyear for depth of water heretofore obtained over said voi.27,p.28o.
outer bar. And the Secretary of War is hereby authorized
3532 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
to pay to said C. P. Goodyear, bis heirs or assigns, upon
procurement by the said Goodyear, his heirs or assigns, of
a practical channel over said outer bar at Brunswick at
least one hundred feet in width and of a minimum depth
of twenty-three feet at ordinary meanliigh tideon or before
November first, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, the sum
of thirty thousand dollars ; upon the procurement as afore-
said, on or before the first day of January, eighteen hun-
dred and ninety-seven, of a depth of water in said channel
over said outer bar of a minimum depth at ordinary mean
high tide of twenty-four feet, and of said width, forty
thousand dollars, to be paid in manner aforesaid; upon the
procurement as aforesaid, on or before January first, eight-
een hundred and ninety-eight, of a depth of water in said
channel oi^a minimum depth at ordinary mean high tide of
twenty- five feet, and of said width, fifty thousand dollars,
to be paid in manner aforesaid. And should the depth of
twenty-five feet at ordinary mean high tide in said channel
over said outer bar be procured as aforesaid and maintained
for two years thereafter for the width above named, twenty-
five thousand dollars in addition shall be paid in manner
aforesaid. The saidC. P. Goodyear, his heirs and assigns,
shall procure said work on said outer bar by the explosion
iJao of dyna- of dyuamitc on the bottom of said channel or sunk beneath
'"**®- tho bottom thereof, in his or their discretion, and not other-
wise, and shall use the necessary auxiliary means for
smoothing the bottom of the bar. The money necessary
to carry out the provisions of this item is hereby appropri-
ated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appro-
rrovuo. priated: Provided^ That no payments except the first, of
fromofficera.^^^^^^^^^y thousaud dollars, shall be made except upon a cer-
tificate of a majority of a board of officers, two of whom
shall be officers of the Engineer Corps, detailed for that
purpose by the Secretary of War, and the third shall be
the Chief of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, that the said
C. P. Goodyear, his heirs and assigns, have complied with
all the conditions as to any of the depths and widths named
or as to the maintenance of a depth of twenty-five feet
accomplished in accordance with the provisions of this
item.
cniHboiiund Inii)roving Cumberland Sound, Georgia: Continuing
Sound, Ga. improvement, one hundred and seventy thousand dollar?^.
Darien,r.a. Improvlug harbor at Darien, Georgia: Continuing im-
provement, twenty-five thousand dollars.
Apaiuciiicoia Improviug harbor at Apalachicola Bay and liivcr, Flor-
nay,iia. jq^^. Coutiuuing improvement, fifteen thousand dollars.
rciisaooJa.Fia. Improving harbor' at Pensacola, Florida: Continuing
improvement, one hundred thousand dollars; and the Sec-
retary of War may, if he deems it advisable, begin the im
provement recommended by the Board of Engineers ap-
pointed in January, i^iteen hundred and ninety-one, to
consider and report iipRi the improvement of said harbor.
Key wtHt.Fia. Improving entrance to harbor at Key West, Florida:
Continuing improvement, eighty thousand dollars.
Saint AuguM Improviug harbor at Saint Augustine, Florida: Contiuu-
tiue.iia. jjjg improvement, six thousand dollars.
h
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3533
Improving Charlotte Harbor and Pease Creek, Florida: cimriottc.Fia.
Continuing improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Harbor at Mobile, Alabama : The Secretary of War shall l^i^'^eys^^*'
cause a survey to be made to ascertain the cost of widen-
ing the channel of said harbor now in course of improve-
ment, to obtain a width of one hundred feet at the bottom,
with a proper slope therefor, and also a survey to ascertain
the best point for and the cost of a sufficient channel
between MobileBay and the Mississippi Sound for theproper
accommodation of commerce; and the expenses of said two rnymciit.
surveys shall be paid out of any appropriation made for
the improvement of the channel of Mobile Harbor.
The Secretary of War is authorized, at his discretion, to use cicariug ciian-
not exceeding ten thousand dollars of the amount appro-"*'
priated for the improvement of Mobile Harbor in keeping
the channel clear of timber, logs and other obstructions.
The Secretary of War is authorized, at his discretion, to Removing ob-
1 *'. i ' J. . 1 ti rx. structlons from
use such amount as may be necessary, not to exceed nfty MobUoandTom.
thousand dollars, of the amount appropriated for the ^*«^® ^^®"-
improvement of Mobile Harbor by the sundry civil bill for
the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred
and ninety-five, in removing shoals and other obstructions
in the Mobile and Tombigbee rivers, between the mouth
of Chickasabogue Creek and Nannahubba Blufi', so as to
secure a depth of sixteen feet at low water : Provided^ That Proviso.
if a contract has been entered into for the improvement of^^^^^^^^ *^**°"
corn-
said harbor, by the terms of which the amount to be so ap- pii«i with.
l)roi)riated for said fiscal year should be paid to a contractor
or contractors for work to bo done by him or them, then no
part of said appropriation shall be so diverted without the
consent of such contractor or contractors.
Improving mouth and passes of Calcasieu liiver, Louis- e/La^."*^*^" ^''^*
iana: Continuing improvement, ninety thousand dollars,
of which fifteen thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may
be necessary, shall be used on the inner bars.
Improving harbor at Vicksburg, Mississippi, not includ- y i.^k » burg,
ing work at Delta I*oint, Louisiana: Continuing improve-^"*"*
ment under the direction of the Secretary of \Var, forty
thousand dollars.
Improving and maintaining shij) channel in Calvcston ^^■^^^^■[^"^JJ^
Bay, Texas: Continuing improvement according to theneL** ^^^
existing project, fifty thousand dollars.
Improving channel in West Galveston Bay, Texas: Con- wost jjaives-
tinuing improvement according to existing project, fiye^**"^^*^' ^*^**
thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Sabine Pass, Texas: Continuing ,j,'^a^>"« !*»»«.
improvement, two hundred and seventy-five thousand dol-
lars.
Imi)roving harbor at Ashtabula, Ohio: Continuing iai- omo**/'*'^**"^"'
provement, seventy-five thousand dollars, including a sur-
vey to determine what improvement thereof should be made
with a view to making it a harbor of refuge and enlarging
its capacity for the purposes of commerce.
Improving harbor at the mouth of Black Biver, Ohio: b><^i^ J<iver,
Continuing improvement, ten thousand dollars. ^''***'
3534 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Clove land, Improving harbor at Cleveland, Obio: Continuing im-
"" provement, fifty tboasand dollars.
FainwTt, Ohio. Improving barbor at Fairport, Obio : Continuing improve-
' ment, twenty thousand dollars.
Huron, Ohio. Improviug* barbor at Huron, Ohio: Continuing improve-
ment, ten tbousand dollars.
ohio^* ^^^°'**"' Improving barbor at Port Clinton, Obio: Continuing
improvement, six tbousand dollars.
sn 11 dusky, Improviug barbor at Sandusky, Obio : Continuing im-
provement, thirty tbousand dollars, five tbousand dollars
of which may bo used in removing shoal at outer approacU
•to barbor; and the Secretary of War is authorized and
directed, in bis discretion, to cause a survey, if necessary
for the purpose, and an estimate to be made of the cost of
further necessary improvement of said harbor, including
the channel over said outer bar.
Toledo, Ohio. Improving barbor at Toledo, straight channel through
Maumee Bay, Obio: Continuing improvement, seventy
thousand dollars, a part of which may be used, in the dis-
cretion of the Secretary of War, in removing shoal in the
did channel and in extending the improvement up uhe
Maumee River.
Ohio'' " ° ® * " * • Improving Conneaut Harbor, Ohio : Continuing improve-
ment according to the existing plan, forty thousand dollars.
ycrmiiiion. Improviug harbor at Vermillion, Ohio : For maintenance
^^*"' and repairs, two thousand dollars.
^^MichiganCity, Improving outer harbor at Michigan City, Indiana:
Continuing improvement, twenty tbousand dollars.
Improving inner harbor at Michigan City, Indiana:
Continuing improvement, ten tbousand dollars.
Calumet, 111. Improving Calumct Harbor, Illinois: For maintenance
of existing works, fifteen thousand dollars, including sur-
vey with a view to such additional improvement as may be
required.
Chicago, 111. Improving harbor at Chicago, Illinois: Completing
improvement, eighty thousand dollars; and the Secretary
of War may, in his discretion, use twenty-five thousand
dollars of this sum in the improvement of Chicago River
up to the forks of said river.
waukegaii,Tii. Improving harbor at Waukegan, Illinois: Continuing
improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Charlevoix, Improving liarbor at Charlevoix and entrance to Pine
^*^'^' Lake, Michigan: Continuing improvement, eight tbousand
dollars.
Fraiikiort, Improviug barbor at Frankfort, Michigan: Continuing
^^^^' improvement, and repairs, fifty tbousand dollars.
MVcir"** "^'*'"' Improving harbor at Grand Haven, Michigan: Continu-
ing improvement, twenty-five thousand dollars.
Micii""'^ '^f«"»J8. Improving harbor of refuge at Grand Marais, Michigan:
Continuing improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
]vnrh °**^*'' ' Itnproving barbor at Manistee, Michigan: Continuing
improvements, and for repairs, twelve thousand dolhirs:
Proviso. Provided^ That no part of this sum shall be used in aid
hanki?,ltJ!*'"^'of the iuuer navigation until the city authorities, or private
owners, have taken proper steps to prevent erosion of the
banks and the washing of silt into the bed of the river.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3536
Improving harbor at Holland (Blauk Lake), Michigan: Hoiund.Mich.
Completing improvement, fifteen thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Monroe, Michigan: Continuing Mouroc,Mich.
improvement, and maintenance, five thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Muskegon, Michigan : Continuing ^J'^jj^**'® e®"-
improvement, thirty thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Ontonagon, Michigan: Continuing ontoiingon,
improvement, and for repairs, seven thousand dollars. ^*^
Improving harbor at Pentwater, Michigan : Continuing Pent water,
improvement, ^ve thousand dollars. ^^ '
Improving harbor at Sand Beach, Michigan: Continu- ^^ajid Beach,
ing improvement according to the existing project, twenty
thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Portage Lake, Michigan : Continu- j^?^'**"^^ i-ate,
ing improvement, twenty-five thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Saint Josei)h, Michigan : Continu- saiut .loaeph,
ing improvement, thirty thousand dollars. ^^^^'
Improving harbor at South Haven, Michigan : Continu- soutu Haven,
ing impro /ement, twenty thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at White Lake, Michigan: Continu- yhit« Lake,
ing improvement, five thousand dollars. ^^ *'
Improving harbor at Marquette, Michigan : Continuing Marquette,
improvement, thirty thousand dollars. ^*^^'
Improving harbor at Lndington, Michigan: Continuing I'wdingtou,
improvement, six thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Petoskey, Michigan : Ten thousand p e t o « k o y,
dollars, to be expended together with the unexpended ^voi 27. p <w.
appropriations for this harbor, according to the larger of
the two projects submitted in the report of December
twenty-first, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and printed
in the annual report for eighteen hundred and ninety,
pages twenty-six hundred and seventy-four and twenty-
six hundred and seventy-five.
Improving harbor at Saugatuck, Michigan : Continuing ^f^^"«**"®*^
improvement and for restraining works to prevent the
drifting of sand into the liarbor, twelve thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Menominee, Michigan and Wis-^JJj^®"^™^'®^
cousin : Continuing improvement, ten thousand dollars.
Improving Cheboygan Harbor, Michigan: The Secretary ^-^Jj®^"^^*"*
of War is hereby directed to expend the unexpended balance
on hand in dredging. He is also directed to make an esti- Drejcrinp.
mate of the amount required to deepen the present channel voi. 25, p! 405.
to a depth of eighteen feet.
Improving harbor at Ahnapee, Wisconsin: Continuing Ahnapce,wi».
improvement, five thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Green Bay, Wisconsin: Continu- Grc«n Bay,
ing improvement, twenty-five thousand dollars. ^^^*'
Improving harbor at Kenosha, Wisconsin : Continuing Kenosha, wis.
improvement, fifteen tliousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Kewaunee, W^isconsin: Continu- ^^,^^®^^'i"ee
ing improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Manitowoc, W'isconsin : Continuing m a n i to woe,
iminovemeut and maintenance, twenty thousand dollars. '^'
Improving harbor of refuge at Milwaukee, Wisconsin: V»i«»'»kce,
Continuing improvement, forty-five thousand dollars. Harbor of ref-
nco.
3536 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IT. S. ARMY.
Repairs, ctv. Improviiig liarboT at Milwaukee, Wisconsin : For repairs
of piers and dredging, seven thousand dollars, and includ-
ing survey of the harbor at South Milwaukee with a view
to the improvement thereof.
Port waahhig. Jmproving harbor at Port Washington, Wisconsin : Gon-
toD. IS. tinning improvement, five thousand dollars.
Racine, wi«. Jmpfoving harbor at Racine, Wisconsin: Continuing
improvement, twenty thousand dolhirs.
Superior aini Improving harbor at Superior Bay and Saint I^ouis Bay,
saiiitLouisbayB, ^y.g^^j^gjjj. Continuing improvement, fifty thousand dol-
lars, a portion of which may, in the discretion of the
Secretary of War, be used in dredging in Superior Bay
along the dock line between the Quebec channel and the
rroouo. main channel opposite the base of Connor's Point: Pro-
survoy. vided, That so much of said sum as may be necessary may
be used for the purpose of making a survey of said harbor
with a view of deepening it to twenty feet and niaking
estimates therefor.
^Sheboygan, Improving harbor at Sheboygan, Wisconsin: Continu-
ing improvement, twenty- five thousand dollars, of which
the snm of four hnndred and thirty-nine dollars and fifty-
six cents may be paid by the Secretary of War to the C.
DmiKiiig. Reiss Coal Company, of Sheboygan, Wisconsin, for dredg-
ing done by them in the harbor.
Asiiiand, Wis. Imi)roving harbor at Ashland, Wisconsin : Continuing
improvement, twenty-five thousand dollars,
wis^*'' ^*^**"' Improving harbor at Two Rivers, Wisconsin: Continuing
improvement, three thousand dollars.
sturgeon Bay, Improving harbor of refuge at Sturgeon Bay Canal, Wis-
^^ ^* cousin : For maintenance of channel and piers, five thousand
dollars.
0( onto. ww. Improving harbor at Oconto, Wisconsin : To maintain
Proviw. works, three thousand dollars: Provided, That so much of
Survey, etc. gjj|^ g^,j^ rj^^^ ^j^y ^^ ueccssary may be used for the jnirpose
of making a survey and submitting plans and estimates
for the improvement and confinement of the current in the
river to maintain a standard depth of water, and to obtain
a channel sixteen feet deep, and for extending the piers
and for the construction of a harbor sixteen feet deep in
Green Bay exterior to the river cliannel.
Duiuth, Minn. Improving harbor at Duluth, Minnesota, including
repairs to the canal, piers, the channel on the north shore
of Saint Louis Bay and the Saint Louis River, seventy-five
thousand dollars, of which an amount not to exceed twenty-
five thousand dollars, in the discretion of the Secretary of
War, may be expended in the channel of Saint Louis River
su?ve*^ above Grassy Point: Provided, That so much of said sum
^^'^^^' as may be necessary may be used for the purpose of mak-
ing a survey of said harbor with a view of deepening it to
two.iity feet and making estimates therefor. The Secretary
of War is authorized to negotiate with the city of Duluth
Donation ot for thc Unconditional donation of the laud needed for said
lands from city. ^r^Yn\\, caual cutrances, and piers, accompanied by vjication
of the abutting streets. In the event thc city refuses to
make an unconditional donation, but accompanies the
donation with the reservation of a right of way for a tun-
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3537
nel, the Secretary of War may accept such conditional
donation of the land; provided the said tunnel follows such
lines and grades as he may approve.
Improving harbor at Grand Marais, Minnesota : Continu- orana Marais,
ing improvement, three thousand dollars. ^^*°°'
Improving harbor at Agate Bay , Minnesota : Continuing ^^g«*o ^^ay-
improvement, thirty thousjind dollars.
Improving harbor at Oakland, California: Continuing oatiaun.cai.
improvement, one hundred thousand dollars, of which
twelve thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be nec-
essary, shall be used in opening the western end of the
tidal canal in said harbor to the depth of eight feet below
low tide.
Improving harbor at ISan Biego, California: Continuing saui>i«M;«.cai.
improvement, fifty thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at San Luis Obispo, California: Con- objgp", c^"*'
tinning improvement, forty thousand dollars.
Improving entrance and harbor at Coos Bay, Oregon : coosUay.orcg.
Continuing improvement, ninety- five thousand dollars;
and for the construction or purchase of a dredger, and
operating the same in removing obstructions from and
deepening the harbor of Coos Bay in front of Marshfield,
thirteen thousand dollars.
Improving harbor at Yaquina Bay, Oregon: ContinuinjJ ^^^^J*'""*'* ^'"^
improvement, fifty thousand dollars. ^'^^'
Improving Tillamook Bay, Oregon : Continuingimprove- Tiiinnu«)kEaj,
ment, sixteen thousand dollars. ^^^*^-
Improving Grays Harbor and Chehalis River, Washing- Grays Harbor,
ton: Continuing improvement, twenty-five thousand dol- Vvaaii. *" *'*^^^'
lars.
Improving Olympia Harbor, Washington : Continuing^v^aj/ '"'**"•
improvement, forty thousand dollars.
Improving Bagaduce River, Maine : Continuing improve- {{agad'uc c riv-
ment, five thousand dollars. or.j^il.
Improving Lubec Channel, Maine: Continuingimprove- jj^l'^jj^* ^-^^^
ment according to plan submitted by Colonel J, A. Smith,
December thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, five
thousand dollars; and the Secretary of War is hereby
authorized, in his discretion, to expend on this improve-
ment any unexpended balance of appropriations hitherto
made for the improvement of the Saint Croix River.
Improving Kennebec River, Maine: Continuingimprove- Kennebec riv-
ment, fifty thousand dollars.
Improving Narragaugus River, Maine: Continuing ini- -N'arr^nugus
provement, five thousand dollars. *^*'*^' ^'
Harraseeket River, Maine: To complete improvement, narrascckei
five thousand dollars. ^"^'' ^^
Improving Saco River, Maine, including breakwater: sa(oiavcr,^ro.
Continuing improvement, ten thousand dollars.
Improving Bellamy River, New Hampshire: Continuing Rviiamy River,
improvement, seven thousand five hundred dollars. ^ '^'
Improving Cocheco River, New Hampshire: Continuing cociuHoiiiver,
improvement, fifteen thousand dollars. ^■"'
Improving Otter Creek, Vermont: Continuing improve- /^ter oreck.
ment, five thousand dollars. ^ ^'
EN CI 94 ^222
3538 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
Powow River, Improviug Powow River, Massachusetts: Coutiuaing
^"*'** improvement, fifteen thousand dollars.
TnnntonKivcr, Improvittg Taiiutou Rlver, Massachusetts: Continuing
^"''** improvement, five thousand dollars.
TV (. y m o u t h Improving Wcymouth River, Massachusetts : Continuing
River, aw. improvement, five thousand dollars, of which two thousand
five hundred dollars shall be used in the improvement of
Weymouth Back River.
E««cx River. Improving Essex River, Massachusetts: Continuing
iiasa. improvement, five thousand dollars.
MvHtic ami Improving Mystic and Maiden rivers, Massachusetts:
Maiden rivers, Continuing improvement, ten thousand dollars.
r a w tucket Improving Pawtucket River, Rhode Island : Continuing
River. R. I. improvement, twenty-five thousand dollars.
Pawcatiick Improving Pawcatuck River, Rhode Island and Connec-
Conn'!' ^'" ^" *°* ticut : Continuing improvement according to original plan
for excavation of channel to a width of forty feet betweeu
the lower and upper wharves in the town of Westerly, arid
continuing the excavation of the channel to the fnll width
of one hundred feet, six thousand dollars.
Pro VI den CO Improving Providence River and IS'arragansett Bay,
IciTnay^R^?*" Rhode Island: Continuing improvement, seventeen thou-
sand five hundred dollars.
Green Jacket "Improving Grccn Jacket Shoal, Providence, Rhode
Shoal, R. I. Island : Continuing improvement, seven thousand five hun-
dred dollars,
counecticnt Improviug Couuecticut River below Hartford, Counecti-
Rivcr, Conn. ^^^^ . Continuing improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Housatonic Improving Housatonic River, Connecticut: Continuing
River, Conn, improvement, twenty-five thousand dollars.
Thames Rivor, Improviug Thamcs River, Connecticut: Continuing im-
'""" provement, twelve thousand five hundred dollars.
Mystic River, Improving Mystic River, Connecticut: Continuing im-
conn- provement, three thousand five hundred dollars.
snucatuck Improving Saugatuck River, Connecticut: For comple-
River. Conn. ^.^^^ ^^^^^ thousaud doUars.
Kewtown Improving Newtown Creek, New York: Continuing
Creek. N. Y. improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
^Harlem River. Improving HarlciQ River, New York: Continuing
improvement, one hundred and twenty- five thousand dol-
lars.
East River ami improviug East Rivcr and Hell Gate, New Y'ork: Con-
tmumg improvement, seventy-five thousand dollars.
Browns crt>€k, Improviug Browus Creek, Say ville, Long Island, New
^^- York: For maintenance, four thousand dollars.
East Chester Improving East Chester Creek, New York: Continuing
Creek, N. Y. improvement, twelve thousand dollars.
Great chnzy Improvlug Great Chazy River, New York: For comple-
River. N. Y. ^j^^^ ^^^^^ thousaud doUars.
Patchoguo Improving Patchogue River, New York: Continuing
River, N. Y. improvement, four thousand dollars.
Saint Law. Improving shoal between Sister Islands and Cross-Over
renco liivor.^igij^^ ^aiut Lawrcncc River, New York: Continumg
improvement, eight thousand dollars, to be expended for
imi)roving shoals between Sister Islands and Cross-Over
^
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3589
Light, and in the Saint Lawrence River between Ogdens-
burg and the foot of Lake Ontario.
Improving Passaic River, Kew Jersey: Continuing Pfwsajc River,
improvement, fifteen thousand dollars.
Improving Raritan River, 'New Jersey: Continuing ^.^j*"^*" ^^^^«»
improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Improving Shrewsbury River, New Jersey: Continuing jj.^.^»^row8 bury
improvement, five thousand dollars. ^^^^'
Improving South River, Kew Jersey: Continuing j^^J"*^^ ^'^»^'
improvement, five thousand dollars.
Improving Alloway Creek, Kew Jersey: Continuing AUowayCreek,
improvement, three thousand dollars.
Improving Elizabeth River, New Jersey: Continuing j^.^^y*^.**]*®^^
improvement, three thousand dollars. *^^'^'
Improving Mattawan Creek, New Jersey : For dredging, creok/N. j^ * °
three thousand dollars.
Improving Rancocas River, New Jersey: Continuing R » ncooas
imjiroyement, three thousand dollars. *^®'^' *
Improving Shoal Harbor and Compton Creek, New Jer- shoai Harbor
sey : Continuing improvement, three thousand dollars. creek, n°J^.***°
Improving Salem River, New Jersey: For completion, j^saJ«™ ^*^'®^.
one thousand seven hundred dollars.
Improving Goshen Creek, New Jersey: Continuing ^^^^j**^'**" ^^®^'
improvement, three thousand dollars.
Improving Allegheny River, Pennsylvania : Con tin uing ^^.^^y J,J '* ® ^ y
imprpvement, twelve thousand five hundred dollars. *^*^'^'
Improving Schuylkill River, Pennsylvania: Continuing jy^.^j^Jljj;^^*'^
improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Improving Frankford Creek, Pennsylvania, by straight- ^^^^^^ank ford
ening the same between the crossings of Tulip and Rox- '** '
borough streets, in the county of Philadelphia, two thou-
sand dollars.
Improving Delaware River, from Trenton to its mouth, vafaZd^^^^^^'
PennsylvaniaandNew Jersey: Continuing improvement,
one hundred and seventy thousand dollars, of which five
thousand dollars shall be expended in the improvement of
the channel over Perriwig Bar.
For continuing construction of dam at Herrs Island, j^^'"^^^*^*"'*
Allegheny River, Pennsylvania, forty thousand dollars.
Improving Monongahela River, West Virginia and Penn- ^ J^^e"r°^v^^vi*
sylvania: Continuing improvement, twenty thousand dol-and^Pa/
lars. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized and
directed to investigate and report to the next Congress the
sum of money necessary to acquire by purchase the locks ^^^^''^^^*^® °^
and dams on the Monongahela River, in Pennsylvania,
belonging to the Monongahela Navigation Company, as a
whole, and separately; and also to take testimony as to
the value of said improvements, and the commercial impor-
tance of free navigation of said river; and the Secretary
of War shall report thereon to Congress at its next suc-
ceeding session, to the end that Congress may determine
as to the exi)ediency of making the navigation of said river
free from tolls.
Improving Appoquinimink River, Delaware: Continuing jn/Jii'^?,^" dol
improvement, five thousand dollars.
3540 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Smyrna River, Improviiig Smyrna River, Delaware: Continuing im-
provement, five thousand dollars.
Murderkiii Improving Murderkill Eiver, Delaware: Gontinaiug im-
»iver, provement, six thousand five hundred dollars, of which
one thousand five hundred dollars, in the discretion of the
Secretary of War, may be used in removing the bar and
obstructions at the moutli of Saint Jones River.
Rh?er*£ei!*^**" Improving Mispillion River, Delaware: Continuing im-
provement, ten thousand dollars.
Waterway, Improving the inland waterway from Chincoteague Bay,
and Deiawaio Virginia, to Delaware Bay, at or near Lewes, Delaware^ to
^y be used from Delaware Bay to Indian River: Continuing
improvement, twenty-five thousand dollars.
River** lii^*^^*^ Improving Broad Creek River, Delaware: Continuing
improvement, five thousand dollars, of which so much as
may be necessary shall be used for removal of bar that
extends from the railroad bridge at Seaford toward the
mouth of Nanticoke River.
River yV ** " ^ Improving Choptank River, Maryland : Continuing im-
provement, two thousand dollars.
River *^Md**SSd Iii^proviug Susquchauiia River, Maryland and Pennsyl-
^xcT, . an ^jj^^Ijj^, -p^j. maintenance, four thousand dollars, to be ex-
pended above Havre de Grace, including survey from a
point one mile below the town of Havre de Grace to a
point one mile above Port Deposit, to ascertain what is
necessary to i^revent the accumulation of ice and ice gorges
in said river and the cost thereof.
chesur River, Improviug Chcstcr Rivcr, Marj'land : Continuing im-
^'^' i)rovement, one thousand five hundred dollars.
^Manokin River, Imi^roving Mauokiu Rivcr, Maryland: Continuing im-
provement, four thousand dollars.
Ri^rMd"*^'" Improving Wicoiuico River, Maryland: Continuing im-
provement, three thousand dollars.
River Md"^'^'^ ImproviugTja Trappe River, Maryland: Completing im-
»^«>'' » • provement, four thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars.
Rivl^ Mtr ^ * ^ Improving Warwick River, Maryland : Continuing
improvement, two thousand dollars.
Patapsto Improving Patapsco River and channel to Baltimore:
River, Md. Contiiiuiug improvement from main ship channel to Curtis
Bay, twelve thousand dollars.
Dt lawnre and That the President of the United States is hereby author-
caiah " ^' ® * ^^ ^^ ized to appoint a board, to consist of an officer of the Engi-
neer Corps of the United States Army, not below the rank
of lieutenant-colonel, an officer of the United States Navy,
not below the rank of captain, and two civilians, who,
together with tbe Chief of the Engineers of the United
States Army, shall examine and determine, from the sur-
veys heretofore made under tbe direction of the War Depart-
ment, the most feasible route for the construction of the
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. And in making such
roa?r^ctc"^*^^'*^ selection said board shall select a route which in its judg-
ment shall give the greatest facility to commerce and will
be best adapted for national defense. The said board shall
Report. report its conclusions to the Secretary of War, who shall
transmit the same to Congress at its next session ; and tbe
sum of five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated to pay
the expenses of the said board.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3541
Improving Potomac River, Washington, District ofjj^o*o™acKiver,
Columbia: Continuing improvement, one hundred and fifty
thousand dollars.
Improving Appomattox River, Virginia: Continuing ^r^ppomattox
improvement, five thousand dollars. ^*^' **
Improving Nansemond River, Virginia: Continuing Nanaemond
improvement, ten thousand dollars, including survey and^^*^^' ^^•
preparing estimate for the improvement of Kandua creek.
Improving James River, Virginia: Continuing improve- jamcs River,
inent, one hundred thousand dollars. ^*-
Improving Mattaponi River, Virginia: Continuing im- Mattaponi
])rovemeut, four thousand dollars, of which one thousand ^'^®^' ^*-
live hundred dollars shall be expended between Aylett's
and Guinea's bridges.
Improving Nomini Creek, Virginia: Continuing improve- Domini creek.
ment, five thousand dollars.
Improving Pamnnkey River, Virginia: Continuing im- Pamunkey
provement, two thousand dollars. ^*^®''' ^*'
Improving Rappahannock River, Virginia: Continuing ?^pp^w»nock
improvement, ten thousand dollars. *^^^' *'
Improving Urbanna Creek, Virginia: Coutinuiug im- urbannaCrcek,
provement, three thousand dollars. ^ *'
Improving York River, Virginia: Continuing improve- YorkKiver.va.
ment, twenty thousand dollars.
Improving Aquia Creek, Virginia: Continuing improve- Aquia croek,
ment, three thousand dollars. ^'*^-
Improving Oecoquan Creek, Virginia: Continuing im- occoquan
I)rovement, five thousand dollars. creek,Vft.
Protecting Jamestown Island from the encroachments of jamos River,
James River, ten thousand dollars, or so much thereof a'S/gi*™^®^***^"
may be necessary.
Improving Lower Machodoc Creek, Virginia : Continuing Lower Macho
improvement, three thousand dollars. ^^ ^^'^^^ ^«-
Improving Elk River, West Virginia: Continuing im- Eik River, w.
provement, two thousand dollars. ^ "■
Improving Guyandotte River, West Virginia: For main- ouyauciotte
tenance, two thousand dollars. ^'^®^* ^^- ^*-
Imi)roving Gauley River, West Virginia: Continuing oauiey River,
improvement, three thousand dollars. ^- '^*-
Imi)roving Roanoke River, North Carolina: Continuing RoanokeRiver,
improvement, thirty thousand dollars. ^•^•
Improving inland waterway between Beau&rt Harbor Waterway,
and New River, North Carolina : Continuing improvement, ^tvcr^N.^c.^*^
two thousand five hundred dollars.
Improving Trent River, North Carolina: Continuing Trent River,
improvement, four thousand dollars. ^- ^'
Improving North East (Cape Fear) River, North Caro- j^.^^^/^^^?""**
lina: Continuing imi3rovement, five thousand dollars.
Improving Pasquotank River, North Carolina: Com- j^i^,^^*^"^?*"^
pleting improvement, one thousand dollars.
Improving Cape Fear River, North Carolina, above Wil- ri vVr? n! c*^
mington: Continuing improvement, fourteen thousand dol- above wiiiiinR-
lars. ***°*
Improving Cape Fear River, North Carolina, from Wil- mingtoiT ^**
mington to its mouth: Continuing improvement, two hun-
dred thousand dollars.
3542 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY
Pamiico^nd Improving Pamlico and Tar Elvers, North Carolina, up
arrnera, . * |;q ^Qg^y jyfQ^nt . Continuing Improvement, ten thousand
dollars.
cre^k^N.a"*** Improving Contentnia Creek, Korth Carolina: Contin-
uing improvement, ten thousand dollars.
^Biack River, Improving Black Eiver, North Carolina: For mainte-
nance, two thousand dollars.
N.^c.^^^t^c^^* Improving Lumber River, North and South Carotina:
Continuing improvement, four thousand dollars.
^Neiise River, Improving Neuse River, North Carolina: Continuing
improvement, seven thousand dollars.
N^oik^vl." to Improving inland water route from Norfolk Harbor,
A 1 b o'mario Virginia, to Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, through
souud, N. c. Currituck Sound: Continuing improvement, ten thousand
dollars.
BhhTVan^, va^ "^^^ *^® survey of the waterways through the sounds of
and N. c. ' * North Carolina and for the survey of the Dismal Swamp
Canal, Virginia and North Carolina, with a view of obtain-
ing a depth of nine feet and the necessary width of a ship
canal, and for the survey of the rivers and water connec-
tions connecting said canal with the sounds of North
Carolina, five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as is
necessary.
F^iy Rhw^Nx;! Improving Lock woods Folly River, North Carolina : Con-
tinuing imx>rovement, ten thousand dollars.
Rivl^.lc.*'**^'' Improving Great Pedee River, South Carolina: Contin-
uing improvement, six thousand dollars.
^santee River, Improving Sautce River, South Carolina: Continuing
Improvement, forty thousand dollars, to be used in snag-
ging and in making new cut between Estherville and Minim
Creek, and in maintaining the Musquito Greek GhanneL
mJer *N* ™ and Improving Waccamaw River, North and South Carolina,
s.c. ' ' ' up to Lake Waccamaw: Continuing improvement, six
thousand dollars.
^wappoocut. Improving Wappoo Cut, South Carolina: Continuing
improvement, seven thousand dollars.
wateroo River, Improving Wateree River, South Carolina: For mainte-
nance, two thousand five hundred dollars.
RivcT^c ^ ^ ** Improving Congaree River, South Carolina: Continuing
improvement, four thousand dollars.
^ Mingo Creek, Improving Mingo Creek, South Carolina: For comple-
tion, four thousand doUars.
.^ittie Pedee Improving Little Pedee River, South Carolina: Contiuu-
"^^' ■ Ing improvement, four thousand dollars.
Beaufort River, Improving Beaufort River, South Carolina: Continuing
Improvement, five thousand dollars.
Aitamaha Improvlug Altamaha River, Georgia: Continuing im-
River. Ga. provemcut, tcu thousaud dollars.
Rive?"Ga*^and In^P^oviug Chattahoochec River, Georgia and Alabama:
Ain. ' Continuing improvement, thirty thousand dollars, of which
five thousand dollars are to be used on that portion of the
river between West Point and Franklin, and ten thousand
dollars in rebuilding snag boat.
Flint River, Ga. Improving* Flint River, Georgia: Continuing improve-
jnent, eight thousand dollars.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3543
Improving Ocmulgee River, Georgia: Continuing i^* pi^e^Tili^^**
provement, ten thousand dollars, of which five thousand ^*^''
dollars are to be expended between Macon and Hawkius-
ville and the like sum below Eawkinsville.
Improving Oconee River, Georgia: Continuing improve- o<^oneo River.
nient, ten thousand dollars, of which three thousand dollars
are to bo expended between Milledgeville and the Central
Railroad Bridge.
Improving Savannah River, between Savannah and Au- ^a'^'iSwe^r^*^*''
gusta: Continuing improvement, fifteen thousand dollars.
Improving Savannah River, above Augusta, Georgia: ^^^^^^^"'^ ^"-
Continuing improvement, six thousand dollars. ^"*' ^'
Improving Jekyl Creek, Georgia: Continuing improve- Jckyi cre«k,
ment, four thousand dollars. ^'*
Improving Coosa River, between Rome, Georgia, a^d ^'o«»a^^^'or,
the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad bridge,
m Alabama: Continuing improvement, one hundred and
ten thousand dollars.
Improving Coosa River between Wetumka, Alabama, coosa luver,
and the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad
bridge: Continuing improvement, one hundred and ten
thousand dollars.
Inside water route between Savannah, Georgia, and Fer- sa^SMhtoPer-
nandina, Florida: Continuing improvement, twenty thou- nonS^.
sand dollars.
Continuing improvement, Apalachicola River, Florida, Apaiacincoia
including the cut-off, Lees Slough and Lower Chipola River : ^*^^'' ^^*'
Five thousand dollars.
Improving Galoosahatchee River and Punta K-assa, j^{;*^^"j}*|J^2
Florida: For maintenance, two thousand dollars. Kasaa.Fia.
Improving Choctawhatchee River, Florida and Alabama: ^^^-^ ^* * ^
Continuing improvement, six thousand dollars: Providedj yi&. &mi aia. *
That no part of said sum shall be expended above Hollis ^«»*'**«
bridge until a draw, approved by the Secretary of War, is i>rawbridgo.
put in said bridge.
Improving Indian River, Florida, dredging channel from inti**'^ ^^l^er,
the channel of the Indian River through the Negro Cut to
the bar at the Indian River inlet, five thousand dollars,
and, in addition thereto, the Secretary of War is hereby
authorized to expend in making said improvement the
fifteen thousand dollars appropriated for the improvement
of Indian River by act approved July thirteenth, eighteen voi.27, p. 101.
hundred and ninety-two.
Improving Escambia and Conecuh rivers, Florida: Con- Escambia and
.• . ■ '^ , "x-i jJiii Conecuh rivers,
tmuing improvements, six thousand dollars. Fia.
Improving Manatee River, Florida: Continuing improve- ^Manatee River,
ment, three thousand dollars.
Improving Suwanee River, Florida : Continuing improve- suwanoe River,
ment, three thousand dollars. ^^^'
Improving Volusia Bar, Florida: For maintenance, one Voiu ai a Bar.
thousand dollars.
Improving Ocklawaha River, Florida: For maintenance, Rj^erHfa^^^*
three thousand dollars.
Improving Sarasota Baj'', Florida: Continuing improve- ^ai-aaota Bay,
ment, two thousand five hundred dollars.
3544 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
witioajoocbeo Improving Withlacoochee River, Florida: For iiiainte-
^'^ *^'^' nance, including a survey of the mouth of said river, eight
hundred dollars.
Aiabaniaiiiver, Improving Alabama River, Alabama: Continuing im-
^^■- provement, fifty thousand dollars.
Black Warrior Improving Black Warrior River, Alabama, from Tusca-
Rivcr, Ala. [oosa to Dauicls Creek : Continuing improvement, thirty-
seven thousand five hundred dollars; and the Secretary of
survf y. War shall cause a survey of said river to be made for its
further improvement to the Mulberry and Locust Fork, in
harmony as to width and depth of channel with the work
now being done between Tuscaloosa and Daniels Creek,
and the expense of said survey shall be paid out of this
appropriation,
wnrrior and Improvui g Warrior and Tombi gbco rivcrs, Alabama, from
er8?Ail "^' mouth of Tombigbee River to Tuscaloosa: Continuing im-
Distribution. provcment, one hundred and fifteen thousand dollars, of
which seventy-five thousand dollars are to be expended on
the Tombigbee River and forty thousand dollars on the
Warrior River ; and so much of said sums as may bo neces-
sary is authorized to be experided in acquiring, by purchase
or condemnation, under the laws of Alabama, the lands
needed in making such improvements.
'I'ombigboo Improving Tombigbee River from Fulton to Columbus:
Mills'!' "' "° Continuing improvement, four thousand dollars.
Improving Tombigbee River from Demopolis, Alabama,
• to Columbus, Mississippi : Continuing improvement, fifty
thousand dollars.
Improving Tombigbee River, from Walkers Bridge to
Fulton: Continuing improvement, one thousand dollars.
KivCT ^i5?8^»*'^*'^ Improving Big Sunflower River, Mississippi : Continuing
ncr, 188. improvement, five thousand dollars.
xoTiiibco Kiv- Improving Noxubee River, Mississippi: For mainte-
ci , Miss. nance, three thousand dollars.
vFyvr'^mnH^^'^ Improving PaseagouJa River, Mississippi: Continuing
improvement, thirteen thousand dollars, and so much of
said sum as may be necessary may be used for removal of
the bar in Horn Island Pass.
Pfcjiri uiv«^r, Improving Pearl River, Mississippi, between Edinburg
^''*** and Carthage: For maintenance, five hundred dollars.
Improving Pearl River, between Carthage and Jackson,
Mississippi: For completion, two thousand four hundred
dollars.
Improving Pearl River, Mississippi, below Jackson:
Continuing improvement, five thousand dollars, which, in
the discretion of the Secretary of War, may be expended
north of Columbia.
Taiiahnttiirc Improving Tallahatchee River, Mississippi: Continuing
River, Misfi. improvement, four thousand dollars.
MiiV"'''' ^''*^*' Improving Tchula Lake, Mississippi: Continuing im-
provement, three thousand dollars.
fAisH^^*^ ^^^'"^ Improving Yazoo River, Mississippi: Continuing im-
provement, twenty thousand dollars, of which so much as
may be necessary shall be expended in removing the bar at
Yazoo City and the bars at the upper and lower ends of
Tchula Lake, beginning with the bar at Yazoo City.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3545
Improving Chickasaliay Eiver, Mississippi, from thej^c^j.c^»»^»^ay
mouth up to railroad bridge, near Shubuta: Continuing ^^^^'
improvement, five thousand dollars.
Improving Leaf Eiver, Mississippi, from its mouth to Leaf River,
Bowie Creek: Continuing improvement, two thousand five^***'
hundred dollars.
Improving mouth of the Yazoo Eiver, Mississippi : Con- j^f **°/* ^^Yl'
tinning improvement, two hundred and twenty-five thou- ***' * °^^°
sand dollars, to be expended in accordance with plan of
Captain J. II. Willard, Corps of Engineers, as set out in
House Executive Document, numbered one hundred and
twenty-five, of the first session. Fifty-second Congress.
Improving Amite Eiver and Bayou Mancliac, Louisiana: Amite Rmnp,
For maintenance, two thousand five hundred dollars. *hac. S!^"
Improving Boeuf Eiver, Louisiana : Continuing improve- jj^^®^' ^ ^^^'*'''
ment, eight thousand dollars.
Improving Bayou Bartholomew, Louisiana and Arkan- „n||!JJ®"L "'^'nd
sas: Continuing improvement, five thousand dollars. ArkT'
Improving bayous D'Arbonne and Corney, Louisiana: Bayous DAr-
Continuing improvement, three thousand dollars, of which De?"La*°* ^**^
one thousand dollars shall be expended in removing obstruc-
tions from the Little D'Arbonnc.
Improving Tensas Eiver and Bayou Macon, Louisiana '\^^^^^ ^"JJ'"'
and Arkansas: Continuing improvement, five thousand 2Ji,La*S Ark!
dollars.
Improving Eed Eiver, Louisiana and Arkansas, from ^na^Uk^*^^' ^'^'
Fulton, Arkansas, to the Atchafalaya Eiver: Continuing
improvement according to the plan of Captain J. H. Wil-
lard, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, and for
completion of survey, one hundred and fifty thousand dol-
lars, of which fifteen thousand dollars, or^o much thereof
as may be necessary, shall be used in the further j)rosecu-
tion of the work at Alexandria, and five thousand dollars
for improving the Sulphur Eiver, a tributary of the Eed
Eiver.
Improving Tickfaw Eiver, Louisiana: For maintenance, Tiokfaw River,
one thousand dollars. ^"'
Improving Bayou Plaquemine, Louisiana: Continuing Bayou riarme
improvement, one hundred and ten thousand dollars, of *"^"^'^*'
which sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars may be
used, in the discretion of the Secretary of War, in removing
obstructions from Grand Eiver and Pigeon bayous, forming
part of the Bayou Plaquemine route.
Improving Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana: Continuing ^J^*^>^"y^ ^'**-
improvement and removing obstructions, forty thousand
dollars, and a dredge boat for use in said bayou is hereby
authorized to be constructed, the expense of same to be
paid out of this appropriation.
Improving Chefuncte Eiver and Bouge Falia, Louisiana: j..^,^^*' ^aSV^
For maintenance, one thousand dollars. Faifa^ Ln. **^"'*
Improving BougeChitto, Louisiana: Continuing improve- Bogno ciiitto,
ment, five thousand dollars. ^'**
Improving Mermentau Eiver and tributaries, Louisiana: Mprmontau
Continuing improvement, five thousand dollars. • ^^'^*'^' **** • ^"'*-
Improving channel, bay, and passes of Bayou Vermilion, , Bayou vermii-
Louisiana : Continuing improvement, five thousand dollars. **"'' ^'
3546 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Bayon Courta- Improving Bayoa Courtableau, Louisiana : Continaing
bicau, La. improvement, five thousand dollars.
Bayou Tet he, Improvin g Bayou Tech e, Louisian a : Continuing improve-
^'^' ment, six thousand dollars.
Buffalo Bayou. Improving Buffalo Bayou, Texas: Continuing improve-
^®*' ment, fifteen thousand dollars.
Trinity Kiver, Improving Trinity Eiver, Texas: Continuing improve-
^®* ment, including survey from Magnolia to the city of DaUas,
five thousand dollars.
fiii'on^Tcx*! * " Improving Cypress Bayou^ Texas: For dredging and
**'^°"' removing obstructions and straightening channel between
Jefferson, Texas, and Shreveport, Louisiana, ten thousand
dollars.
^Sabine River, Improving Sabine River, Texas: For completion, five
thousand dollars.
A rk a n B a 8 Improviug Arkausas River, Arkansas and Indian Terri-
{LTxe^'^^" "* tory : Continuing improvement, two hundred and fifty
thousand dollars, two-fifths of which amount shall be
expended from the mouth of the river to Little Rock, ajid
a portion of which, may in the discretion of the Secretary
of War, be used to prevent the further caving of the bank
near Red Fork, two-fifths from Little Rock to Fort Sinitb,
Provuo. and one-filth above Fort Smith : Provided^ That, in the
discretion of the Secretary of War, ten thousand dollars of
the amount hereby appropriated for said river may be used
Snag boats, etc. in rcmoviug obstructions and operating snag boats.
Saint Francis Improving Saint Francis River, Arkansas: Continuing
River. Ark. improvement, eighty- three thousand dollars, seventy five
thousand dollars of which to be expended by the Missis-
Prcvention of sippi Rivcr Commissiou for the prevention of a fonnatiou
RiVe^'cdmmi?!^*^ ^^* tlirouglj to the Saiut Francis River by the action
8i(Jn.^ "^ *^'"°* * of the overflow water from the Mississippi River, as recom-
mended in the report of Colonel Charles R. Snter, dated
May twenty-ninth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four.
Kiver '^ *'^ ° * '^ ^ Improviug Arkansas River : Removing obstructions and
swifcboata, etc. operating snag boats, twenty thousand dollars*
Black River, Improving Black River, Arkansas and Missouri: Con
Ark. and o. ^jiming improvement, nine thousand five hundred dollars.
White River, Improving White Rivcr, Ark ansas : Continuing improve-
^^^' ment, fifty-two thousand dollars, of which two thousand
dollars may, in the discretion of the Secretary of War, be
expended in removing obstructions in Cache River, and
eight thousand dollars in the rectification of the channel
of the White River at Batesville.
Ouachita and Improving Ouachita and Black rivers, Arkansas and
Ar*k.^and Laf ^*'' Louisiana : Continuing improvement, fifty thousand dollars;
and the Secretary of War is directed to submit, with bis
next report on the Ouachita River^ plans and estimates
for the improvement of said Ouachita River by locks and
dams, to give slackwater navigation as far above it3
mouth as in his judgment such improvement is practicable,
the cost of the same to be paid out of this appropriation.
^Rtod River, Improving Red River above Fulton, Arkansas: Con-
tinuing improvement three thousand five hundred dollars.
Current River. Improving Current River, Arkansas and Missouri: Con-
r . an o. tiuuiug improvement in accordance with the project sub-
IR
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3547
mitted by H. S. Tabor, captain of engineers, on December
eleventh, eighteen hundred and ninety, eight thousand
dollars, of which four thousand three hundred and fifty
dollars may be used in building a snag boat and rock barge.
Improving Clinch Eiver, Tennessee : Continuing improve- cunch River,
ment, two thousand five hundred dollars. '^®°°-
Improving Cumberland Eiver, Kentucky and Tennessee: ^Cumberland
Continuing improvement above Nashville, two hundred
thousand dollars, of which five thousand dollars may be
used, in the discretion of the Secretary of War, above the
town of Burnside.
Improving Cumberland Eiver below Nashville, Tennes-
see: Continuing improvement, thirty thousand dollars.
Improving French Broad and Little Pigeon rivers. Ten- ,^^2x15*?©^"***
nessee: Continuing improvement, seven thousand dollars, rivers, Teunf****
Improving Tennessee Eiver below Chattanooga, Ten- TonnesBo©
nessee: Continuing improvement, four hundred thousand ^bIuJw chatt»-
(loilars, of which twenty- five thousand dollars may, in the°<^^^Tenn.
discretion of the Secretary of War, be used in continuing »* '' " «"•
the work at Livingston Point, Kentucky, and ten thousand
dollars in imi^roving the river between Hobbs Island and
Guntersville, and one hundred thousand dollars below
Eiverton, of which last sum ninety-thousand dollars, or so
much thereof as may be necessary, shall be used in the
removal of snags and other obstructions to navigation
between Eiverton and the mouth of said Tennessee Eiver,
and the remainder of said sum of one hundred thousand
dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be used
in making a survey of said Tennessee Eiver below Eiverton
and submitting plans for its improvement.
Improving Tennessee Eiver above Chattanooga, Tennes- Above^chatto-
see, fifty thousand dollars, to be expended in accordance ^^^ ®*^'
with the project submitted by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry M.
Eobert, on February twenty- third, eighteen hundred and
ninety-three, and printed in House Executive Document
numbered two hundred and fifty-two, second session of
Fifty-second Congress.
Improving Obion Eiver, Tennessee, from its mouth to the xSS"" ^ ^'^ *'•
town of Obion on the Newport News and Mississippi Val-
ley Eailroad, in Obion County: Continuing improvement,
seven thousand five hundred dollars.
Improving Kentucky Eiver, Kentucky : Continuing ^^^ ^t u o k y
improvement, one hundred and thirty-five thousand dol- '^**'^' ^*
lars, of which ten thousand dollars shall be used in improv-
ing Eough Eiver, Kentucky.
Improving the Falls of the Ohio Eiver, Kentucky: ^on-^^j^^j^oj^^^®
tinning improvement, sixty thousand dollars. *** ^*'^' ^*
Improving Indiana Chute, FaUs of the Ohio Eiver, Ken- ^v"^^''"*^*'"**'
tucky: Continuing improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
Improving Eough Eiver, Kentucky : Continuing improve- ^^ough River,
ment, twelve thousand five hundred dollars. ^*
Improving Levisa Fork, Big Sandy Eiver, Kentucky iRj^eV^Ky.*"**^
For maintenance, two thousand five hundred dollars. Levisa Fork.
Improving Tag Fork, Big Sandy Eiver, Kentucky: For TugFwk.
maintenance, two thousand five hundred dollars.
3548 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
^Grecn Kivcr, Improving Green Eiver, Kentucky, above the month of
^' Big Barron Eiver: For lock number five, according to
report and recommendation of Major D. W, Lockwood,
Corps of Engineers, United States Army, submitted August
eleventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, twenty-five
thousand dollars.
Lock No. 2. Improving Green Eiver, Kentucky: For rebuilding lock
number two in accordance with the existing plans, one
hundred and five thousand dollars.
Big san<iy Improving Big Sandy Eiver, near Louisa, Kentucky:
^*^' ^ * For continuing construction of movable dam in accordance
with the existing plans, forty thousand dollars.
Muskingum Ico harbor at the mouth of the Muskingum Eiver, Ohio:
^ ico^iiarbor. etc. ^^^^ ^^^^ Completion of the ice harbor at the mouth of the
Muskingum Eiver in Ohio, and for the completion of the
lock machinery at Taylorsville, Ohio, the sum of thirteen
thousand dollars remaining to the credit of the Taylorsville
lock appropriation is hereby appropriated, and the Secre-
tary of War is authorized and directed to require the nec-
essary, changes to be made in the county bridge at Tay-
lorsville and in the bridge of the Baltimore and Ohio
Southwestern Eailway Conqiany at Marietta, Ohio, neces
sary to make said bridges conform to and accommodate
the commerce of said river and to the improvements made
therein by the United States, and to use for that pnrx)ose
so much of the funds for the care and maintenance of pub-
lic works as may be necessary to complete and i>erfect
such changes, requiring that the county commissioners of
Muskingum County and the managers of the railway line
aforesaid shall construct the superstructure of the draws
in said bridges, under the supervision and to the satisfac-
tion of the Secretary of War, and maintain the same in
good order to protect the' navigation of said river ; and a
survey shall be made of said river from Zanesville to
Dresden with a view to its improvement.
ing^L^iko^'Er'io '^^^^^ ^^® Secretary of War is hereby authorized and
and Ohio River, dircctcd to appoint a board of three engineers of the
eiS^Z^audn- Army, whose duty it shall be to survey the Miami and
port on. Erie Canal, the Ohio Canal and such branches thereof and
such river and stream channels as may in their judgment
form available portions of a continuous canal connecting
the waters of Lake Erie with the Ohio Eiver through the
State of Ohio, and to report as to the feasibility and
advisability of improving and widening such canal to
seventy feet at the water line, and deepening the same to
seven feet, and by construction of new locks not less than
one hundred and fifty feet in length and twenty-one feet
in width, with a capacity for vessels of at least two hun-
dred and eighty tons burden, and to report to the next
session of Congress with detailed plans and an estimate of
the cost of such improvement; and twenty thousand dol-
lars, or so much thereof as may be necessary for the cost
Proviso. of said survey, is hereby appropriated: Provided^ That
no^biudiSg*^"" nothing herein shall bo construed to commit the Govern-
ment to irroceed with the construction of said improve-
ment.
"I
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3549
Improving Ohio Eiver, Ohio: Continuing improvement, ohio River.
two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, of which twelve
thousand dollars shall be used in continuing the work at
Shawneetown; twenty-five thousand dollars, or so much suawueetown.
thereof as may be necessary, in preventing the cut-off
threatened at the peninsula near Evansvillo, Indiana; ^vansviiie,
eighteen thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars, or so
much thereof as may be necessary, in constructing an
additional ice pier at Middleport, Ohio, pursuant to the^^^'^'ii^^i^^'^
plans of the Chief of Engineers, and in enlarging and
improving the ice pier at Pomeroy, Ohio, and in construct-
ing an ice pier at or near Syracuse, Ohio, or at or near ice pie™.
Hartford, West Virginia, upon the plans heretofore
adopted for such piers in the Ohio River. The precise
points for the construction of said piers at said localities
shall be fixed by the Secretary of War so as to best accom-
modate the commerce of those sections of said river.
Improving Ohio River by the construction of a movable Ohio River,
dam at or below the mouth of Beaver River, Pennsylva- ^^^*^'^ ^""■
nia : Continuing improvement, seventy-five thousand dol-
lars.
Improving Saginaw River, Michigan: Continuing im- ^emaw River.
X)rovement, forty thousand dollars, of which sixteen thou- ^^ '
sand dollars, or such less sum as may be necessary, shall
be expended on the river above Bay City.
Improving Saint Clair Flats Ship Canal, Michigan: All Saint cuir
work pertaining to this canal is hereby declared to be em- Mid?. *°* '
braced within the project adopted by the Act approved ^^^^^^^^ ®^
July thirteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, and the ^ voi" 27, p. los.
Secretary of War is directed to perform the same in . '
accordance therewith.
Improving Black River, at Port Huron, Michigan : Con- •..V'^{^^ ^'*^^'**"'»
tinning improvement up to Washington avenue, four thou-
sand dollars.
Imijroving mouth of Black River, Michigan : Continuing
improvement, four thousand dollars.
Improving Clinton River, Michigan : Continuing improve- ciinton River,
ment, five thousand dollars. ^ ^^^'
Improving Rouge River, Michigan : Continuing improve- Rouge Rivor,
ment, five thousand dollars. ^^^^^''
Improving Detroit River, Michigan, by removal of shoals Detroit River,
from the city of Detroit to Lake Erie : Continuing improve- ^^*^**'
ment, thirty thousand dollars.
Improving Alpena Harbor, Michigan: Continuing -^^^p.^ "*»■-
improvement, four thousand dollars. *'^^' ^ '
Improving the w^ater communication across Keweenaw _w at or way.
Point, Lake Superior, from Keweenaw Bay to Lake to L^k^sITpcrio?.
Superior, in the State of Michigan, in accordance with the
existing project, one hundred and thirty thousand dollars.
Improving Saint Joseph River, Michigan : Continuing saint^ Joseph
improvement, five hundred dollars. ^*''''''' ^*'^'-
Improving Chippewa River, including Yellow Banks, jj.^,Jj[»^,P«^»
Wisconsin: Continuing improvement, including a survey *^*^^'
of the river for two miles south of the Dells Dam, ten
thousand dollars.
3550 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Fox River, Jmproviug Fox River, Wisconsiii: Gontiniiing improve-
ment, thirty-seven thousand five hundred dollars, of which
ttventy-flve hundred dollars, or so much thereof as may be
necessary, may be used for work in the harbor of Fond
dtt Lac, Wisconsin, and approaches thereto ; of which said
sum, two thousand five hundred dollars, or so much thereof
as shall be necessary, shall be used in the removal of the
bar that exists at the intersection of Fox River with Big
Lake Buttesdesmor ts, and five thousand dollars, or so much
thereof as may be necessary, may be used in erecting,
operating, and maintaining on the Menasha dam slash
boards to be so adjusted as to raise said dam one foot ia
Proviso. height: Provided^ however j That said dam shall not be
aismg am. j.g^jgg^ j^^ j^^ the judgment of the engineers or the Secretary
of War, there is any possibility of any damage whatsoever
being inflicted upon any private projyerty by flowage of
water or otherwise.
Sftint Croix Improving Saint CroixRiver, Wisconsin and Minnesota:
River. Wi8. and r^ j.- - - -i. ^ li_ i j n
Miiiu. Contmuing improvement, four thousand dollars.
Menomineo Improving Menominee River, Michigan and Wisconsin:
^^ivor, ic .an Continuing improvement, six thousand dollars.
ana*i!ifkeMi?ff Improving Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship
gSliciual *° Canal: Oontinuingimprovement, twenty thousand dollars.
R^i Kive'^. of Improving Red River of the North, Minnesota : Contin-
the North, Mmn.^^.jjg improvement, fifteen thousand dollars.
indTond'in '''*'^' Improving Wabash River, Indiana and Illinois, above
° ' *" Vincennes : Oontinuingimprovement, five thousand dollars.
Improving Wabash River, Indiana and Illinois, below
Vincennes : Continuing improvement, fifteen thousand dol-
lars.
White River, Improving W^hitc River, Indiana: Continuing improve-
^°^- ment, including a resurvey of said river, five thousand dol-
lars.
ind^a^^iif*^^'^' Lnproviug Caluuict River, Indiana and Illinois: Contin-
uing improvement, forty-five thousand dollars, of which
thirty-five thousand dollars is to be used below the forks
of the river and ten thousand dollars above the forks to
one-half mile east of Hammond.
^^iiiinoiB River, Improving Illinois River, Illinois: Continuing improve-
ment, thirty-five thousand dollars.
MiViiVgSiI'cra^rL For construction of the Illinois and Mississippi Canal:
Continuing construction, one hundred and ninety thousand
dollars.
p**aT? ^iwfilrod ^^ nauch of the Iowa River within the State of Iowa as
not n^avig^)i?y lics bctwecu the town of Toolsboro and the town of Wa-
pello, in the county of Louisa, shall not be deemed a nav-
igable river or public highway, but dams and bridges may
be constructed across it.
ana^MiMiswppi ^^^ examination and survey for the location of a canal
River. couuecting Lake Superior and the Mississippi River, ten
to w^e^t.^^^°** ^^o^isand dollars; and the engineers making said exami-
nation and survey shall report the most feasible route for
such canal, either by way of the Saint Croix, Ram, or
constr^'uction^l^P®^ Mississippi rivcrs: Provided^ That nothing herein
not binding. sliall be coustrucd to commit the Government to proceed
with the construction of said improvement.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3551
For care and maintenance of reservoirs at the head- ...^^'^^'s^^pp*
waters of the Mississippi Eiver, fifty-one thousand dollars,
and so much thereof as shall be required shall be expended
in completing connections with the reservoir dams; in com- Kcsorvoirs at
pleting Sandy Lake dam ; and any balance may be used for ^*'''<*^'^*«''8.
the construction of a reservoir and dam at Gull Lake, Min-
nesota: Provided, That the United States shall not be Provuo.
subject to any cost or expense for lands, mills, or other j^^^j^^^*^*' ^^^
property necessarily taken or injured for the last-named
reservoir and dam. The provisions of section four of an
act entitled *^An Act making appropriations for the con- Maintenance.
struction, repair, and preservation of certain public works voi.23,p.i47.
on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes," approved
July fifth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, are hereby
made applicable to said reservoirs so far as concerns their
care, preservation, and maintenance. For dredging the
channel at Quincy Bay, at Quincy, Illinois, the Secretary of Quiucy. in.
War is hereby authorized to set apart, out of any appro-
priations heretofore made, or which may be made, by this
Congress for continuing the improvement of the Mississippi
Eiver, from the mouth of the Missouri Kiver to Minneapolis,
the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, if, in his discretion, said
sum shall be necessary for that purpose. And out of said
appropriation he shall cause a survey to be made on the survey to pre-
west siae of the Mississippi Kiver, commencing at the mouth ^'**"* overflows.
of Flint Creek, in Des Moines County, State of Iowa, and
running along the west bank of the river to the mouth of
the Iowa Eiver, and along the east bank of the Missis-
sippi Eiver from the city of Warsaw to the city of Quincy,
with a view to improving the navigation by preventing the
water from overflowing the natural and artificial banks
along those parts of the river and deepening the channel.
Improving the Mississippi Eiver between the Chicago, p^'J°,*J M?nne^-
Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Eailroad bridge atapoiis.Minn.
Saint Paul to the Washington Avenue bridge at Minne-
axK)liS| fifty-one thousand dollars, which together with the
unexpnended balance standing to the credit of this improve-
ment shall be expended under the project or plan to extend
navigation from Saint Paul to the ilour mills at Minne-
apolis, estimated for by Major A. McKenzie as appears by
his report made to General Thomas L. Casey, Chief of
Engineers, United States Army, under date of March first,
eighteen hundred and ninety- four, by the construction of
lock and dam numbered two in the same project. ^^^^ unuor
For work in accordance with the plans and specifications m i s « i s h i p p i
of the Mississippi Eiver Commission: fitu.^^ commis
At the harbor of Greenville, Mississippi: Continuing Green viiio.
improvement, eighty thousand dollars. ^*'*^
At the harbor of New Madrid, Missouri: Continuing ^^'«^' >^n*i"d,
improvement, twenty thousand dollars.
At the harbor of New Orleans, Louisiana: Continuing -N'cw oriians.
improvement, one hundred and ten thousand dollars. ''*"
At the harbor of Natchez and Vidalia, Mississippi and ?jafcci»ez and
Louisiana: Continuing improvement, eighty thousand dol- and Va.' ' ***"
lars.
3552 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U; S. ARMY.
^ M o in p h i 8, ^t the harbor of Memphis, Tenuessee : Continuing
improvement, fifty thousand dollars, of which ten thousand
dollars may be used in dredging at the mouth of Wolf
River, in the discretion of the Secretary of War.
uno^"*?ii^^d ^^® Mississippi River Commission shall cause to be
baiaucc.^*^" ^ cxpcndcd ou the harbor at Hickman, Kentucky, the unex-
pended balance, of any appropriation heretofore made for
improving the harbor at that point.
Atchafaiaya ^t the head of the Atchafalaya and the mouth of Red
Anil xw^d nvors ^^ *'
La. ' River, Louisiana, for the rectification thereof: Continuing
improvement, seventy thousand dollars, of which two
thousand five hundred dollars may be used in improving
Bayou Des Glaises, in the parish of Avoyelles, and the
said Commission is directed to report to Congress in their
next regular report their views on the advisability of effect-
ing a separation between the Mississippi and Red rivers at
the present junction thereof and maintaining navigation
between the same through Bayou Plaquemine or by means
of a canal.
Saint Francis Improving Saint Francois River, in Missouri, ^ve thou-
sand dollars.
paaconatio Improving Gasconade River, Missouri: Continuing
oslgo "'River, improvcmcut, five thousand dollars; and improving Osage
^o- River, Missouri : Continuing improvement, forty-six thou-
sand dollars, to be expended by the Missoim River Com-
mission.
Missouri River Missouri Rivcr, from its mouth to the lower limits of
niSribnUon. Sioux City, Iowa: The Missouri River Commission is
authorized and directed to expend from the appropriations
for the improvement of said river seventy-five thousand
dollars in the rectification of the river at Omaha, Nebraska;
thirty- five thousand dollars at Atchison, Kansas; and
fifty thousand dollars at Saint Joseph and other localities
on the river in the State of Missouri where the Commis-
sion may deem such improvement necessary.
our? Oliver ^bo- luiproving Upper Missouri River between Stubbs' Ferry,
t^^en I?tubb?in Moutaua, and the lower limits of Sioux City, Iowa:
amiT&ioux^City; ^^® hundred and ten thousand dollars, of which ten thou-
lowa. sand dollars may be exi)ended in the i)rotection and com-
^istnbution. pici-io^^ ^( ^jj^ ^^^.^^ ^^ Qj^^^x City; forty thousand dollars
are to be expended in the rectification of the river at Pierre
and Fort Pierre; forty thousand dollars, in the discretion
of the Secretary of War, may be used for the protection
of Bismarck Harbor and the rectification of the river by
works to prevent the river from eroding the banks and cut-
ting a new channel at or near that point; twenty thousand
dollars shall be expended between the Great Falls of said
river, in Montana, and Stubbs' Ferry, in Montana.
and*Featho??iV" Improving Sacramento and Fejither Rivers, California:
era, cu. Continuing improvements, including treatment of the Yuba
River, near and above Marysville, and of the Bear River,
one hundred and fifteen thousand dollars ; of which ten
thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary,
shall bo expended in snagging and other work between
Tehama and Redding, on the Sacramento River; and, in
the discretion of the Secretary of War, ten thousand dol-
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3553
lars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be
expended in making a cut-off to avoid Shanghai bend on
Feather Eiver : Provided , That no money shall be expended Proviso.
in making said cut-off until the right of way therefor shall Right of way.
have been conveyed to the United States free of expense.
Improving San Joaquin River, California, including ^^.^^^ ^Jya^i^j^o
making cut-off at Twenty-one Mile Slough; and if, in the '^''''
discretion of the Secretary of War, it is deemed beneficial
to navigation by preventing deposit of sediment in Stock-
ton Channel, or otherwise, the making of a double cutoff Cut-off.etc.
beginning at Mormon Slough immediately above its junc-
tion with Stockton Channel, thence across the same, enter-
ing the San Joaquin River immediately below junction
therewith of Stockton Channel: Continuing improvement,
fifty thousand dollars, of which ten thousand dollars, or so
much thereof as may be necessary, shall be expended in
snagging and other work in aid of navigation on the San
Joaquin River, above the city of Stockton and in the Tuo-
lumne River and other tributaries of the former : Provided^ Proviso.
That no money shall be expended in making said double
cut- off until the right of way therefor shall have been con- Kig^t of way.
veyed to the United States free of charge.
Improving Petaluma Creek, California: Continuing ^^®^* »,^," "' »
improvement, fifteen thousand dollars. ^^ '
Improving Mokelumne River, California: Continuing Mokeiumne
improvement, two thousand five hundred dollars, including ^^^®^' *
sn aggin g as far as county bridge at Thornton's, on said river :
Provided, That no part of said sum shall be used until the Proviso.
drainage canal cut by private*parties near New Hope land- Dndnage canai.
ing shall have been closed.
Improving Napa River, California: Continuing improve- Napa Kivor,
ment, four thousand dollars. ^^^
Improving Upper Columbia River, including Snake River Columbia riv-
as far up as Asotin, Oregon and Washington : Continuing ^^•"pp®'*
improvement, five thousand dollars.
Imi)roving Columbia River from Rock Island Rapids to fn^M'^jFos^ter
Foster Creek Rapids: The Secretary of War may, in hiscr^^k.
discretion, expend the unexpended balance, eight thousand ^°®^ ******' ®**^*
two hundred and tea dollars and ninety-two cents, of the
appropriation heretofore made for the improvement of the
Columbia River between the head of Rock Island Rapids
and the foot of Priest Rapids, Washington, for the build-
ing of a snag boat for use on the Columbia River between
Rock Island Rapids and Foster Creek Rapids, and for such
other work as may be necessary for the improvement of
navigation of said river within the above-named limits.
Improving mouth of Columbia River, Oregon, and Wash- Month.
ington: Completing improvement, three hundred and
thirty eight tboiisand one hundred and eighty dollars.
Improving Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, at Boatraiiwa5 at
Three-Mile Rapids, and the construction and equii)nient idl^ ^* ®* *^"
of a boat railway from the foot of The Dalles Rajyids to the
head of Celilo Falls, said boat railway to be provided at
each terminus with hydraulic lifts, and other necessary
appliances,. for the purpose of raising and lowering the
boats on suitable cars to and from its tracks, the whole to
ENO 94 223 4
3554 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
be located, constructed, and equipped for the passage of
eight boats of six hundred tons each in each direction in
twelve hours, on the south side of the Columbia River,
substantially in accordance with the location and plans
submitted by the board of engineers, appointed by the
President in pursuance of the provision of the Act of
Vol. 27, p. 109. Congress approved July thirteenth, eighteen hundred and
ninety-two, and entitled ''An Act making appropriations
for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain
public works on rivers and harbors, and for other pur-
poses,'' with their report, which is contained in Senate
Executive Document Numbered Seven, Fifty-third Con-
Rlght* of way, ^^^^®> first scsslon, onc hundred thousand dollars: Pro-
etc., to be se' vided^ That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized
cured. ^^^ directed to proceed to acquire without unnecessary
delay by i)urcha8e or condemnation, in the manner and
according to the conditions now prescribed by law, the
necessary right of way for said boat railway and the right
to the use of lands required for terminal and other facili-
ties for said boat railway, and to expend so much of the
amount hereby appropriated as may be necessary for
that purpose.
lamTtto ^nd Improving Lower Willamette Eiver in front of and below
Columbia rivers, Portland, Oregou, and Columbia River below the Willani-
oreg. and wa«h. ^^^^ Eivcr in Orcgou and Washington: Continuing
improvement, fifty thousand dollars.
RWer.^oreg!**^* Improving Willamette Eiver above Portland, Oregon:
Continuing improvement, twenty-three thousand dollars,
of which eight thousand dollars, or so much thereof as
may be necessary, shall be used at Corvallis, and two
thousand dollars may, in the discretion of the Secretary of
War, be used in the removal of obstructions in Yam HiU
River up to McMinnville.
•rfo?eg?^ ^^^ Improving Coquille River, Oregon: Continuing improve-
ment, twenty thousand dollars.
ouYiie^lRiv^eri Improving Upper Coquille River, between Coquille City
Oreg. * and Myrtle Point, Oregon: Continuing improvement, five
thousand dollars.
^sjuBiaw River, Improving the mouth of Siuslaw River: Continuing
^*'^' improvement, twenty-five thousand dollars.
luSwf Rnrer.^** ^^^ RJ^iiffiog waters of the Columbia River, measuring
tidal and river volumes, one thousand dollars.
Riv?rTidaho.*^* Improving Upper Snake River, Idaho, between Seven
Devils mining district and Huntington bridge, twenty-five
thousand dollars.
Wmu"^* ^^^^^' Iniproving Cowlitz River, Washington : Continuing im-
provement, three thousand dollars.
eto!"wLh.**^°^' Improving Puget Sound and its tributary waters, Wash-
ington : Continuing improvement, fourteen thousand dol-
lars, which, together with the unexpended balance, may, in
the discretion of the Secretary of War, or so much thereof
as shall be necessary, be used for repairs to snag boat.
sioulh,"wMh! ^ . Improving Swinomish Slough, Washington: Continuing
improvement in accordance with existing plan, twenty-five
thousand dollars.
Waah!*^* ^^^®'' Improving Willapa River and Harbor, Washington : For
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENOTNEERS. 3555
completion, thirteen thousand three hundred and fifty dol-
lars: Provided, That m the discretion of the Secretary of PromMo.
War two thousand five hundred dollars of the amount at?aXn"* *'^*
hereby appropriated for said river and harbor may be used
in removing obstructions in North liiver.
For dredging Salmon Bay, and the improvement of the waterway.
waterway connecting the waters of Puget Sound, at Salmon ^kls^u^ion^auS
Bay, with lakes Union and Washington by enlarging the ^»*»^*>»&*»n
said waterway into a ship canal, with the necessary locks
and appliances in connection therewith, twenty-five thou-
sand dollars: Provided^ That no part of said amount shall Ki^ht'ofwayto
be expended on the improvement of the waterway connect- be secured frw.
ing the waters of Puget Sound with lakes Union and Wash-
ington until the entire right of way and a release from all
liability to adjacent property owners have been secured to
the United States free of cost and to the satisfaction of the
Secretiary of War.
For dredging Everett Harbor, including mouth of Snoho- Everett. wasb.
mish River, and Snohomish River from mouth to Lowell, in
the State of Washington, the sum of ten thousand dollars.
Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to ^ e w York
engage in fishing or dredging for shell fish in any of the Ff8lhiug,etc..iu
channels leading to and Irom the harbor of New York, ^^ Jo^i,Jdden '*°"^^*
to interfere in any way with the safe navigation of those
channels by ocean steamships and ships of deep draft.
Any person or persons violating the foregoing provisions Penalty for vio
of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, ^*^*°°*'
and on conviction thereof shall be punished by fine or
imprisonment, or both, such fine to be not more than two
hundred and fifty dollars nor less than fifty dollars, and
the imprisonment to be not more than six months nor less
than thirty days, either or both united, as the judge before
whom conviction is obtained shall decide.
It shall be the duty of the United States supervisor of Arreata.
the harbor to enforce this Act, and the deputy inspectors of
the said supervisor shall have authority to arrest and take
into custody, with or without process, any person or per-
sons who may commit any of the acts or offenses prohibited
by this Act: Provided, That no person shall be arrested ProttUog.
without process for any offense not committed in the pres- ^*^<^»«-
ence of the supervisor or his inspector or deputy inspectors,
or either of them : And provided further. That whenever
any such arrest is made the person or persons so arrested proceedings.
shall be brought forthwith bei'ore a commissioner, judge,
or court of the United States for examination of the offenses
alleged against him; and such commissioner, judge or court
shall proceed in respect thereto as authorized by law in case
of crimes against the United States.
Sec.3. Thatsection threeof the "Act to prevent obstruct- H^^boT. ^ '''^^
ive and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent Law prohibit-
waters of New York City, by dumping or otherwise, and to polls amS^!*
punish and prevent such offenses," approved June twenty- voi. 25, p. 200.
ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, shall be, and
hereby is, amended so as to read as follows:
"Sec. 3. That in all cases of receiving on board of any desr^n^e^^JiaiS
scows or boats such forbidden matter or substance as herein oi ^deposit.
3556 BEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S ARMY.
described, the owner or master, or person acting in snch
cajjacity on board of such scows or boats, before proceeding
to take or tow the same to the place of deposit, shall apply
for and obtain from the supervisor of the harbor appointed
permito. hereunder a permit defining the precise limits withm which
the discharge of such scows or boats may be made; and it
shall not be lawful for the owner or master, or person
acting in such capacity, of any tug oi towboat to tow or
move any scow or boat so loaded with such forbidden mat-
ter until such permit shall have been obtained; and every
person violating the foregoing provisions of this section
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction
Penalty for thereof Shall be punished by a tine of not more than one
Toa ing. thousand nor less than five hundred dollars, and in addi-
tion thereto the master of any tug or towboat so offending
shall have his license revoked, or suspended for a term to
be fixed by the judge before whom tried and convicted.
dhlcharffin '^at "^"^ ^^y deviation from such dumping or discharging
other pulfts^ ^ placc Specified in such permit shall be a misdemeanor, and
the owner and master, or person acting in the capacity of
master, of any scows or boats dumping or discharging such
forbidaen matter in any place other than that specified in
such permit shall be liable to punishment therefor as pro-
vided in section one of the said Act of June twenty-ninth,
Persons liable, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight; and the owner and
master, or person acting in the capacity of master, of any
tug or towboat towing such scows or boats shall be liable
to equal punishment with the owner and master, or person
acting in the capacity of master, of the scows or boats;
and, further, every scowman or other employee on board of
both scows and towboats shall be deemed to have knowl-
edge of the place of dumping specified in such permit, and
the owners and masters, or persons acting in the capacity
of masters, shall be liable to punishment, as aforesaid, for
any unlawful dumping, within the meaning of this Act or
of the said Act of June twenty-ninth, eighteen hundred
and eighty-eight, which may be caused by the negligence
or ignorance of such scowman or other employee; and,
further, neither defect in machinery nor avoidable acci-
dents to scows or towboats, nor unfavorable weather, nor
improper handling or moving ot scows or boats of any kind
whatsoever, shfill operate to release the owners and mas-
ters and employees of scows and towboats from the pen-
alties hereinbefore mentioned."
niSS!e\c%ain* Every scow or boat engaged in the transportation of
ed. ' " dredgings, earth, sand, mud, cellar dirt, garbage, or other
offensive material of any description shall have its name
or number and owner's name painted in letters and num-
bers at least foutteen inches long on both sides ot the
scow or boat; these names and numbers shall be kept dis-
tinctly legible at all times, and no scow or boat not so
marked shall be used to transport or dump any such
material.
of^??^to«*°* The supervisor of the harbor of New York, designated
Vol. 25. p. 210. as provided in section five of the said Act of June twenty-
ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, is authorized
t
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3557
and directed to appoint inspectors and deputy inspectors,
and, for the purpose of enforcing the provisions of this Act
and of the Act aforesaid, and of detecting and bringing to
punishment offenders against the same, the said supervisor
of the harbor and the inspectors and deputy inspectors so
appointed by him, shall have power and authority:
First. To arrest and take into custody, with or without 5^®*;
process, any person or persons who may commit any of "** *'
the acts or offenses prohibited by this section and by the
act of June twenty -ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty-
eight, aforesaid, or who may violate any of the provisions
of the same: Provided^ That no person shall be arrested Provisos.
without process for any offense not committed in the pres- ^'*»<^«-
ence of the supervisor or his inspectors or deputy inspect-
ors, or either of them : And provided further , That when- Cuatody of of-
ever any such arrest is made the person or persons so
arrested shall be brought forthwith before a commissioner,
judge, or court of the United States for examination of the
offenses alleged agai^ist him ; and such commissioner^ judge,
or court shall proceed in respect thereto as authorized by
law in case of crimes against the United States.
Second. To go on board of any scow, or towboat engaged ^^J^ * " ' * ° '
in unlawful dumping of prohibited material, or in moving
the same without a permit as required in this section of this
Act, and to seize and hold said boats until they are dis-
charged by action of the commissioner, judge, or court of
the United States before whom the offending persons are
brought.
Third. To arrest and take into custody any witness or cuatodyof^tp
witnesses to such unlawful dumping of prohibited material, "**"
the said witnesses to be released under proper bonds.
Fourth. To go on board of any towboat having in tow Accompanying
scows or boats loaded with such prohibited material, and ^^ ®***
accompany the same to the place of dumping, whenever
such action appears to be necessary to secure compliance
with the requirements of this Act and of the Act aforesaid.
Fifth. To enter gas and oil works and all other manufac- inspecting ga»,
turing works for the purpose of discovering the disposition ^^" ^°^^"
made of sludge, acid, or other injurious material, whenever
there is good reason to believe that such sludge, acid, or
other injurious material is allowed to run into the tidal
waters of the harbor in violation of section one of the afore-
said Act of June twenty-ninth, eighteen hundred and
eighty-eight.
Every person who, directly or indirectly, gives any sum Penalty for
of money or other bribe, present, or reward or makes any ^" "**' ^^^'
offer of the same to any inspector, deputy inspector, or
other employee of the office of the supervisor of the harbor
with intent to influence such inspector, deputy inspector,
or other employee to permit or overlook any violation of
the provisions of this section or of the said Act of June
twenty-ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, shall, on
conviction thereof, be fined not less than five hundred dol-
lars nor more than one thousand dollars, and be imprisoned
not less than six months nor more than one year.
3558 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERB, U. 8. ARMY.
Return of por- Eveiy permit issued in accordance with the provisiong
" ^' of this section of this Act which may not be taken up by
an inspector or deputy inspector shall be retui*ned within
forty-eight hours after issuance to the oflRce of the super-
imioraement. visor of the harbor; such permit shall bear an indorsement
by the master of the towboat, or the person acting in such
capacity, stating whether the permit has been used, and
if so the time and place of dumping. Any person viola-
Penaity. ting the provisious of this section shall be liable to a fine
of not more than five hundred dollars nor less than one
hundred dollars.
une of canals, Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of War
fIted*by^ocreto- ^o prescribe such rules and regulations for the use, admin-
ryof War. istratiou, and navigation of any or all canals and similtff
works of navigation that now are, or that hereafter may
be, owned, operated, or maintained by the United States
as in his judgment the public necessity may require.
Posting rules. Such rulcs and regulations shall be posted, in conspicu-
ous and appropriate places, for the information of the pub-
lic; and every person and every corporation which shall
knowingly and willfully violate such rules and regulations
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, on convic-
tion thereof in aiiy district court in the United States
within whose territorial jurisdiction such offense may have
been committed, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding
five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment (in the case of a
natural person) not exceeding six months, in the discretion
of the court.
Drawbridges. Sec. 5. That it shall bc the duty of all persons owning,
u^^^^^be^'pab^ Operating, and tending the drawbridges now built, or which
iished. may hereafter be built across the navigable rivers andother
waters of the United States, to open, or cause to be opened,
the draws of such bridges under such rules and regula-
tions as in the opinion of the Secretary of War the public
interests require to govern the opening of drawbridges for
the passage of vessels and other water crafts, and such
rules and regulations, when so made and published, shall
have the force of law. Every such person who shall will-
fully fail or refuse to open, or cause to be opened, the draw
of any such bridge for the passage of a boat or boats, or
who shall unreasonably delay the opening of said draw
after reasonable signal shall have been given, as provided
in such regulations, shall be deemed guilty of a misde-
meanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a
penaityforvio- fine of not more than two thousand dollars nor less than
lations. ^^^ thousaud dollars, or by imprisonment (m the case of a
natural person) for not exceeding one year, or by both such
Provisos. fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court: Pro-
Proceedings, rided. That the proper action to enforce the provisions
of this section may be commenced before any commis-
sioner, judge, or court of the United States,' and such com-
missioner, judge, or court shall proceed in respect thereto as
authorized by law in case of crimes against the United
States : Prorided further^ That whenever, m the opinion of
w^*^^*a^^mako*^'® Secretary of War, the public interests require it, he
ruks, etc^ *"" ** may make rules and reguLations to govern the opening of
drawbridges for the passage of vessels and other water
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3559
crafts, and Buch rules and regalations, when so made and
published, shall have the force of law, and any violation
thereof shall be punished as hereinbefore provided.
Sec. 6. That it shall not be lawful to place, discharge, nepoaiuofrcf.
or deposit, by any process or in any manner, ballast, refuse, riTbiewatOTsfor^
dirt, ashes, cinders, mud, sand, dredgings, sludge, acid, or^^*^«°-
any othermatter of any kind other than that flowing from
streets, sewers, and passing therefrom in a liquid state, in
the waters of any harbor or river of the United States,, for
the improvement of which money has been appropriated
by Congress, elsewhere than within the limits defined and inj„ie« to et-
permitted by the Secretary of War; neither shall it be law- ties, etc.. for^fd-
ful for any person or persons to move, destroy, or injure in ^®°"
any manner whatever any sea wall, bulkhead, j^tty, dike,
levee, wharf, pier, or other work built by the United States,
in whole or in part, for the preservation and improvement
of any of its navigable waters, or to prevent floods, or as
boundary marks, tide gauges, surveying stations, buoys,
or other established marks ; any and every such act is made
a misdemeanor, and every person knowingly engaged in or
who shall knowingly aid, abet, authorize, or instigate a
violation of this section shall, upon conviction, be punish-
able by fine or imprisonment, or both, such fine to be not Penaitiea.
less than two hundred and fifty dollars nor more than
twenty-five hundred dollars, and the imprisonment to be
not less than thirty days nor more than one year, either or
both united, as the judge before whom conviction is obtained
shall decide, one-half of said fine to be paid to the person
or persons giving information which shall lead to convic-
tion of this misdemeanor.
Sec. 7. That any and every master, pilot, and engineer, io^\*ti®Y'jur."
or person or persons acting in such capacity, respectively, ing'wori^s.'ttc^i
on board of any boat or vessel who may willfully injure or ^^Skld ^^°m\l
destroy any work of the United States contemplated in sec- pended.
tion six of this Act, or who shall knowingly engage in towing
any s(;ow, boat, or vessel loaded with any such prohibited
matter to any point or place of deposit or discharge in any
harbor contemplated in section six of this Act, elsewhere
than within the limits defined and permitted by the Sec-
retary of War, shall be deemed guilty of a violation of this
Act and shall, upon conviction, be punishable as herein-
before provided for offenses in violation of section six of
this Act, and shall also have his license revoked or sus-
pended for a term to be fixed by the judge before whom
tried and convicted.
Sec. 8. Any boat, vessel, scow or otlier craft used or ^ H^i .*?\^?»*
1 1 • • -I I.' j» j.\ • • If i.' ' Doatsi violating
employed in violating any of the provisions of sections six dopo8it,etc.,pro-
and seven of this Act shall be liable to the pecuniary pen- i»i»itioii8.
alites imposed 'thereby, and in addition thereto to the
amount of the damages done by said boat, vessel, scow, or
other craft, which latter sum shall be placed to the credit
of the appropriation for the improvement of the harbor in
which the damage occurred, and said boat, vessel, scow,
or other craft may be proceeded against summarily by way
of libel in any district court of the United States having
jurisdiction thereof.
J
3560 BEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
basin.
iMspiaoement gEC. 9. That Whenever the Secretary of War CTants to
of tide waters by . . . 1 j • i.
piers, etc. atiy persoii or persons permission to extend piers, wharves,
Compensating ^^[jj^jj^ajjg^ or Other works, or to make deposits in any
" " tidal harbor or river of the IJnited States beyond any har-
bor lines established under authority of the United States,
he shall cause to be ascertained the amount of tide water
displaced by any such structure or by any such deposits,
and he shall, if he deem it necessary, require the parties to
whom the permission is given to make compensation for
such displacement either by excavating in some part of
the harbor, including tide water channels between high
and low water mark, to such an extent as to create a basin
for as much tide water as may be displaced by such
structure or by such deposits, or in any other mode that
may be satisfactory to him: Provided^ That all sach
dredging or other improvement shall be carried on under
the direction of the Secretary of War, and shall in no wise
injure any existing channels.
examiiSionr^ ^^^' ^^' '^^^^ ^^^ Secretary of War is hereby directed
to cause preliminary examinations to be made at the fol
lowing localities, to wit :
Proviso.
Dredging.
Arkansas.
Arisona.
ARKANSAS.
Little River, from Fulton to White CliflFs.
Bayou Macon above Floyd.
Boueff River above Wallaces Landing.
Cache River to Riverside, with a view to low-water navi-
gation.
Upper White River, to determine the proper method of
improvement.
ARIZONA.
Colorado River above Yuma to the highest point of
navigation.
Connecticut. CONNECTICUT.
California.
Harbor of West Haven, and West River from the steam
railroad crossing to the main channel of Kew Haven Har-
bor.
Black Rock Harbor.
Greenwich Harbor.
Byram Harbor.
CALIFORNIA.
San Francisco Harbor, obstructions therein and in the
approaches thereto, as follows: Koonday Rocks, Mile
Rocks, the Sunken Rocks off* Fort Point, Anita Rock, near
Fort Point; Arch Rock, Shag Rock, Blossom Rock, Two
Mission Rocks, Invincible Rock, one-half mile southerly
from The Brothers light-house; Whiting Rock, one-eighth
of a mile north of Invincible Rock, and Fifteen Feet Bock,
a quarter of a mile west of said light-house, with a view
to their removal.
San Rafael Creek and Mendocino Harbor.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
3561
Georgiana River.
San Joaquin River, above the mouth of Stanislaus
River, with a view to improvement, including closure of
sloughs to a height sufficient to maintain current in main
channel during low- water period.
Feather River, above Marysville.
American River, with a view to prevention of sand
flowiiig into the Sacramento River, near the city of Sacra-
mento.
Harbor of El Moro.
Napa River, between North and South Vallejo, with a
view of improvement and confinement of current to keep
channel open.
Steamboat Channel, and from junction thereof with
Sacramento River to mouth of said river, with a view to
improvement, enlargement of navigable channel, and to
increase capacity for flood discharge.
Suisun Creek, with a view to improvement of channel.
DELAWARE.
Christiana River above Wilmington to Newport.
For a canal from Pocomoke River to Indian River.
Mouth of Broad Kiln River.
Mahon River.
MARYLAND.
Delaware.
Maryland.
Harbor at Claiborne, the west terminus of the Baltimore
and Eastern Shore Railroad.
Chapel Point Harbor, at the junction of the Potomac
and Port Tobacco rivers, with a view to the improvement
of said harbor and its approaches.
FLORIDA.
Florida.
Tampa Bay, from Port Tampa to the mouth of the bay.
Crystal River, at its mouth.
Carabelle bar and harbor.
Saint Johns River, at Orange Mills Flats, near Palatka,
and for the improvement of the channel of the Saint John's
River to Sandford and points above with a view to obtain-
ing sufficient water for sea going vessels.
Saint Lucia Inlet and River.
Withlacoochee River, from its mouth to head of navi-
gation.
Entrance to Biscayne Bay.
Anclote River.
Quincy Bay.
ILLINOIS.
KENTUCKY.
Illinois.
Kentucky.
For ice harbor, including lock and dam, at a point about
three miles from mouth of Licking River.
3562 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,
Louisiana.
LOUISIANA.
Maaaachusetts.
Maiue.
Bayou Teclie, from Saint Martinsville to Port Barre.
Bayou Bonfuca, in Saint Tainmany Parish.
Harbor at Baton Eouge.
Harbor at Bayou Sara.
Cliefunct^ River and Bogue Falia.
Tickfaw River and tributaries.
Bayou Dugdamona.
Bayou Castor.
Little River.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Manchester Harbor, from mouth of the river below the
Point of Rocks, with a view to a channel one hundred feet
wide and live feet deep, and removal of sand bar at mouth
of river and removal of sand bar and rocks at the Point
of Rocks.
Plymouth Harbor, with a view to the removal of the
obstructions known as "Splitting Knife" and "Middle
Ground," and the north and south sides of the excavated
channel in said harbor with a view to deepening and improv-
ing the same.
Onset Harbor.
Bass River.
Hyannis Harbor.
Chatham New Harbor.
Mount Hope Bay and harbor of Fall River.
By rams Cove Harbor.
MAINE.
Glen Cove Harbor.
Parkers Head harbor and channel.
Royals River, from the village of Yarmouth to Casco Bay,
Harbor of Cape Porpoise.
Missouri.
MISSOURI.
Michigan.
Saint Francis River, from the Sunk Lands to Greenville,
Missouri.
MICHIGAN.
I
Kalamazoo River, from its mouth to the city of Kala-
mazoo.
White Fish River, for a harbor at the mouth in Little
Badenock Bay.
Clinton River.
Shiawassee River, from Saginaw River to Bad River;
Bad River to village of Saint Charles; Flint River to head
of navigation.
Kawkawlin River.
Tittabawassee River, from Saginaw to the head of navi-
gation.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
3563
MINNESOTA.
Big Stone Lake, with a view to construction of reser-
voirs.
Minnesota River, with a view to protecting the banks
oi)po8ite the borough of Belle Plain, so as to prevent the
river from cutting through the narrow neck of land at that
point and with a view of protecting the banks at and near
the city of Mankato.
lied Lake River, with the view of improving Red Lake
River from Thief River Falls to the Red Lake.
Minnesota.
MISSISSIPPI.
Yallabusha River.
Noxubee River, from Macon to mouth of Hashuqua
Creek.
Bogue Phalia, edpecially at the point known as '*The
Nariows."
Bear Greek, from where it empties into the Yazoo, up
stream.
Big Sunflower River, with a view to its improvement as
high as Olarksdale by locks and dams.
The bar recently formed in Horn Island Pass.
Mississippi.
MONTANA.
Montana.
Flathead River, from Columbia Falls, in Montana, to its
mouth at Flathead Lake, and from its outlet on the south
at Flathead Lake to the Clarkes Fork of the Columbia
River.
Kootenai River, from Jennings, in Montana, to the inter-
national boundary, with a view of removing rocks and
obstructions in the canyon above -the town of Jennings.
Pend d- Oreille River, from Flathead Lake to Jocko
Station, Montana.
Tongue River, with a view of straightening its channel
along the eastern edge of the Fort Keogh military reser-
vation.
NEBRASKA.
Nebraska.
The Nebraska side of the Missouri River opposite Sioux
City, Iowa from a point in Nebraska where an extension
of the lower limits of Sioux City, Iowa, would intersect
the Nebraska side of the river and up the river to a point
in Nebraska opposite the mouth of Big Sioux River.
NEW YORK.
New York.
Echo Bay and New Rochelle Harbor.
Channel connecting Irondequoit Bay with Lake Ontario.
Port Chester.
Woodsburg Channel, in Hempstead Bay.
Car r is River.
West branch of Newton Creek, from Metropolitan Ave-
nue bridge to the head of navigation.
3564 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Harbor of Waddingtou.
Harbor of Green port.
Milton Harbor at Milton Point.
Gravesend Bay.
Dunkirk.
Cold Spring Harbor.-
Hempstead Harbor,
Peekskill.
North Caro
Mna.
New Jersey.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Core Sound, from mouth of North River to Beaufort
Harbor, and Cape Lookout Harbor of Eefuge, with a view
to improvement of navigation.
Drum Inlet, between Portsmouth and Gape Lookout
Tar River, from Washington to Greenville, with a view
to obtaining a depth of three feet.
South Creek, from mouth to head of navigation.
Turners Cut, a branch of Pasquotank River.
Scuppernong River.
NBW JERSEY.
Mantua Creek.
Buckshutem.
Gold Spring Inlet.
Bancocas River.
Inside of Absecon Inlet, near the southwesterly point of
Brigantine Beach, with a view to uniting the waters of
that part of the water bed known as the " main channel,"
now flowing under or along Bringantine Beach, with said
water bed now flowing under or along Rum Point, and
with the waters of Absecon Channel, so as to improve
and shorten steamboat or ferry navigation between the
termini of railroad transportation at Atlantic City and
Brigantine Beach.
Delaware River, between Trenton and Burlington, for
improvement of river and protection of banks.
Inlet at mouth of Shark River, for harbor of refuge.
Elizabeth River, to report upon the desirabihty of
placing locks in the mouth of s<aid river, and the cost of
same.
The Lumberton branch of the Rancocas River as fai' as
Lumberton.
Salem River from the mouth of said river as far as Salem
City.
Rahway River, to report upon the desirability of placmg
locks in the mouth of said river and the cost of same.
Ohio.
Oregon.
OHIO.
Ironton, with a view of protecting the Ohio River front
within the limits of the city.
OREGON.
Yaquina Bay Bar, for increased depth.
Tualiton River to Hillsboro, and to the head of naviga-
tion.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3565
Glatskanie River, from mouth to town of Olatskauie.
Umpqiia liiver, from Scottsburg to Elkton Eapids.
PENNS YL. V AN I A . Ponnsj 1 vania.
Clarion Kiver.
Tionesta River.
Busquehauua River between Nanticoke and Pittston.
RHODE ISLAND. KJjode Island.
Connanicut Island, with a view of cutting a channel
through the same.
Seaconnet Point.
Stone Bridge over Seaconnet River to ascertain the cost
of widening and deepening the passage at the draw of said
bridge to the same extent as prescribed in the recent order
of the Secretary of War, respecting the railroad bridge
across said river, and the Secretary of War is directed to
prepare and submit to Congress an estimate of the cost
of such work.
TENNESSEE. Tennwsee.
Wolf River, from its mouth to a point five miles above.
TEXAS. '^®^**-
Channel through Sabine Lake, from the mouth of the
Sabine and Neches rivers to the head of the pass from said
lake to the Gulf of Mexico.
Brazos River, from the city of Waco to the town of
Richmond.
Bar and Harbor at Brazos Santiago.
Colorado River from the mouth to the city of Wharton.
Guadalupe River from its mouth to the city Cuero.
VIRGINIA. Virginia.
Deep Creek branch of Elizabeth River, with a view of
obtaining a depth equal to that of the Lake Drummond
Canal, formerly the Dismal Swamp Canal, and the western
branch of the said Elizabeth River.
Harris Creek prong of Back River. #
Lyons Creek.
For internal waterway, extending from Franklin city
southward to Cape Charles. The chief obstructions exist
in what is known as Boggs Bay, Cat Creek, Kegotank Bay,
Weir Passage, and Burtons Bay.
Jacksons Creek, near mouth of Piankatank River.
Ware River.
Quantico Creek.
Great Wicomico River, from Cedar Point to Indian
Point.
Little Wicomico River, at its mouth.
Hunting Creek from its mouth to head of navigation.
3566 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
VormoTit. VERMONT.
Misaisquoi Kiver, particularly between the village of
Swautoii and the lake.
WisGonsln.
Waahlngton. WASHINGTON.
North River, from its mouth in Wallapa Bay, upward
twenty-five miles.
Quillayute Harbor and River.
Okana^on River, from mouth to head of navigation.
Bellingham Bay.
Clallam Bay, with a view to its improvement as a harbor
of refuge.
Lewis River, from La Center to its mouth, with a view
of deepening the channel and improving the navigation.
From Hood's Canal in Puget Sound to Korth Bay in
said sound, with a view of constructing a water way and
channel between the two bodies of water at the most prac-
ticable place, of sufficient depth to be navigable for all
classes of vessels.
WISCONSIN.
Mouth of Iron River, Lake Superior.
Flag Lake and mouth of Flag River.
La Cross Harbor, for removal and prevention of bar.
Oconto River, to obtain a chaunel sixteen feet deep and
one hundred and fifty feet wide.
Harbors of Superior, Wisconsin, and Duluth, Minnesota,
with a view of deeping said harbors and entrances thereto
to twenty feet.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Little Kanawha River, with a view of improvement by
locks and dams, including an estimate of the i^robable cost
to the Government of each lock and dam now in existence
on said river and not owned by the Government.
Guyandotto River, with a view of improvement by locks
and dams.
Big Coal River.
Little Coal River.
Elk River, with a view of locking and damming same.
Sec. 11. That the preliminary examinations ordered in
this act shall be made by the local engineer in charge of
the district, or an engineer detailed for the purpose; and
such local or detailed engineer and the division engineer
Kei>orttoChief of the locality shall report to the Chief of Engineers, first,
whether, m tlieir opinion, the harbor or river under exam-
ination is worthy of improvement by the General Govern-
ment, and shall state in such report fully and particularly
the facts and reasons on which they base such opinions,
including the present and prospective demands of com-
merce, and, second, if worthy of improvement by the Gen-
eral Government, what it will cost to survey the same,
with the view of submitting plan and estimate for its
^eat Virginia.
Making pre-
liniinnry exam-
inatiuiiM.
t
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
3567
improvement; and the Chief of Engineers shall submit to
the Secretary of War the reports of the local and division reS?*°of w»?*'
engineers, with his views thereon and his opinion of the ^
pnblic necessity or convenience to be subserved by the
proposed improvement; and all such reports of preliminary
t'xamihatious, with such recommendations as he may see
proper to mjike, shall be transmitted by the Secretary of Report to
War to the House of Representatives, and are hereby ^n^StivL^'^to
ordered to be printed when so made. pnnted.
Sec. 12. ThattheSecretaryof War is hereby directed, at ^u^^^yj •"*
his discretion, to cause surveys to be made and the cost of Sired™* **
improvement to be estimated at the following localities, to
wit:
CALIFORNIA.
California.
Old River Branch of San Joaquin River.
Crescent City Harbor.
CONNECTICUT.
Westport Harbor.
Norwalk Harbor.
Stonington Harbor.
DELAWARE.
Connecticut.
Delaware.
Nanticoke River, in Delaware.
FLORIDA. . Florida.
Canaveral Harbor.
Saint John's River from Jacksonville to the ocean. The
Secretary of War is hereby directed to prepare and submit
plans and estimates for continuing the work, with a view
to secure an increase of the depth of the channel to twenty-
four feet.
GEORGIA. Qeorgia.
Savannah River, between Spirit Island and the point
where the Charleston and Savannah Railroad crosses said
river. The Secretary of War is hereby directed to cause
the project to be prepared and an estimate of cost of im-
proveitaeut of this locality to be made.
IDAHO.
Idaho.
The Secretary of War is hereby directed to prepare and
submit plans and estimates for the improvement of the
Kootenai River, Idaho, as recommended by Captain
Symonds in the preliminary examination submitted by
him under date of October twelfth, eighteen hundred and
ninety-two.
INDIANA.
Indiana.
Harbor of Evansville.
3568 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
niinoin.
ILLINOIS.
Harbor of Elizabeth town.
Maine.
Maryland.
MasHAch ueettfl.
Michigan.
MAINE.
Georges River, from Tbomaston to moatb.
Carvers Harbor.
Macbias Eiver Gbauiiel, aud Sasanoa River, from Bath
to Bootbbay.
MARYLAND.
Pocomoke River, witb a view of uniting tbe waters of
said river witb tbe waters of Sinepuxent Bay, at a point
above Snow Hill, and of improving said river between
Snow Hill aud Sbad Landing.
Rock Hall Harbor.
Baltimore Harbor, to widen tbe sbip cbannel to one
thousand feet.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Chelsea River, from Grand Junction Railroad bridge to
Boston and Maine Railroad bridge.
East Boston Channel.
Tarpaulin Cove, Naushon Island.
Woods Holl, and Little Woods Holl Harbor.
MICHIGAN.
Belle River.
Sebewaing River.
Pine River, at Saint Clair City, Michigan. Tbe Secretary
of War is directed to cause the project to be prepared and
an estima te of tbe cost of the improvement of this locality
to be made.
New Jersey.
NEW JERSEY.
Cooper Creek.
Dennis Creek.
North Carolina.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Oregon.
North East (Cape Fear) River, from the old County
Ferry to Juniper Swamp, or Creek, a point about one mile
north of Hilton railroad bridge, with a view to obtaining
an increased depth of channel.
Alligator River.
Cape Fear River, above Fayetteville.
OREGON.
Coos River.
Yam Hill River, up to town of McMinnville, with a view
of improving the same by locks or dams or otherwise.
Columbia River, below Tongue Point, by way of the
southern cbannel in front of Astoria.
Willamette River, from Portland to Eugene.
Alsea River.
Nestucca River, jfrom town of Woods to the ocean.
J
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3669
Port Orford, with a view to improving the same for ship-
ping purposes and as a harbor of refuge, commencing at
Graveyard Point and by jetty, seawall, or other proper
construction extending southerly or southeasterly into the
ocean three hundred or more feet, if necessary, and suita-
ble for vessels of middle draft; and, secondly, if necessary,
by another jetty, sea wall, or other constructive work,
extending from the next high point or headland southwest-
erly four hundred or more feet, so as to accommodate ves-
sels of maximum draft.
PENNSYLVANIA. Pennsylvania.
Allegheny River, for lock and dam at or near Tarentum,
and lock and dam at the most practicable point for naviga-
tion between the proposed dam at Tarentum and Herrs
Island Dam.
Ohio Eiver, movable dams, numbered three, four, and
five.
RHODE ISLAND. ' Rhode IsUnd.
Wickfbrd Harbor, in Narragansett Bay.
Great Salt Pond, Block Island, with a view to making
harbor of refuge therein.
Pawcatuck River, with reference to its further improve-
ment from Westerly, Rhode Island, to Stonington, Con-
necticut.
SOUTH CAROLINA. Sooth CaroUna.
Steamboat Channel, seven feet deep at mean low water,
between Beaufort, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia.
TENNESSEE. Teuneasee.
Forked Deer River from Dyorsburg, Tennessee, to its
junction with the Obion River^ and thence to the Missis-
sippi River, so as to make said stream navigable all the
year.
TEXAS. ^«^"*-
Brazos River from the town of Velasco to the town of
Richmond.
For determining the causes of the erosion of the easterly
end of Galveston Island, and estimating the cost of works
to prevent the same.
VIRGINIA. Virginia.
Bar at the northwest entrance of Milfbrd Haven from
Piankatank River.
Mouth of Cranes Creek, a tidal estuary of Great Wicom-
ico River.
WASHINGTON. Washington.
Columbia River, from Rock Island Rapids to the Oka-
nogan River.
ENG 94 224
3570 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Nootsack Eiver.
Grays Harbor and its bar entrance, with a view to the
improvement of its channels.
Wisconsin. WISCONSIN.
Aloaez Bay,
Appronriation Sec. 13. For preliminary examinations, surveys, except
examl^a ti^ns^ ^^^re othcrwisc herein especially provided for, contin-
Burveys, etc. ' gcncics, cxpenscs conncctcd with inspection of bridges, the
service of notice required in such cases, the examination
of bridge sites and reports thereon, and for incidental
repairs for which there is no special appropriation for
rivers and harbors, one hundred and twenty-five thousand
Provisos. dollars: Provided, That no preliminary examinations, siir-
Restriction, vcy, projcct, or estimate for new works other than those
designated in this Act shall be made : A7id provided further j
Additional re- That after the regular or formal report on any examina-
ports forbidden. ^JQjj^ survcy, proJcct, or work under way or proposed is
submitted, no supplemental or additional report or esti-
mate, for the same fiscal year, shall be made unless ordered
No project an- by a rcsolutiou of Congress. The Government shall not
propSeJTfon^^® deemed to have entered upon any project for the
improvement of any waterway or harbor mentioned in this
Act until funds for the commencement of the proposed
work shall have been actually appropriated by law.
Received by the President, August 7, 1894.
[Note by the Department op State. — The foregoing
act having been presented to the President of the United
States for his approval, and not having been returned by
him to the house of Congress in which it originated within
the time prescribed by the Constitution of the United States,
has become a law without his approval.]
Augngt 18, CHAP. 301. — An Act Makine appropriations for snndry civil
t^^' expenses of the Government for the tisoal year ending Jane thirtieth,
eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other puq)08e8.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of Representatives of
exm^n«e« ap^m-ol ^^^ United States of America in Congress assanbled^ That
priations. the foUowiug sums be, and the same are hereby, appropri-
ated, for the objects hereinafter expressed, for the fiscal
year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-
five, namely:
War Depart- UNDER THE WAR DEPARTMENT.
ment.
« • # • » * •
groundBrS! c""* BUILDINOS AND GROUNDS IN AND ABOUND WASHINGTON.
and™care^^ *' ° * For the improvement and care of public grounds as fol-
lows:
For improvement of grounds north and south of Execu-
tive Mansion, five thousand dollars.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
3571
For ordinary care of greenhouses and nursery, two thou-
sand doHars.
For ordinary care of Lafayette Square, one thousand
dollars.
For ordinary care of Franklin Square, one thousand dol-
lars.
For ordinary care of Lincoln Square, one thousand dol-
lars.
For care and improvement of Monument grounds, two
thousand dollars.
For continuing improvement of reservation numbered ^^^ c*uai.ete,
seventeen and site of old canal northwest of same, three
thousand dollars: Provided, That no part thereof shall be ProvMo.
expended upon other than property belonging to the United
States.
For construction and repair of post-and-chain fences,
repair of high iron fences, and constructing stone coping
around reservations, one thousand five hundred dollars.
For manure, and hauling the same, four thousand dol-
lars.
For painting watchmen's lodges, iron fences, vases,
lamps, and lampposts, one thousand dollars.
For purchase and repair of seats, one thousand dollars.
For purchase and repair of tools, two thousand dollars.
For trees, tree and plant stakes, labels, lime, whitewash-
ing, and stock for nursery, trees and stock for nursery to be
purchased by contract or otherwise, as the Secretary of
War may determine, two thousand dollars.
For removing snow and ice, one thousand two hundred
dollars.
For flowerpots, twine, baskets, wire, splints, moss, and
lycopodium, one thousand dollars.
For care, construction, and repair of fountains, one thou-
sand five hundred dollars.
For abating nuisances, five hundred dollars. '
For improvement, care, and maintenance of various res-
ervations, ten thousand dollars.
For improvement, maintenance, and care of Smithsonian
Grounds, two thousand five hundred dollars.
For improvement, care, and maintenance of Judiciary
Square, two thousand five hundred dollars.
That under appropriations herein contained no contract Limit for con-
shall be made for making ol* repairing concrete or asphalt *^^®*®^*^®"**'"^'
pavements in Washington City at a liigher price than two
dollars and twenty-five cents per square yard for a quality
equal to the best laid in the District of Columbia prior to
July first, eighteen hundred and eighty- six, and with a
base of not less than six inches in thickness.
For replacing the old flagging pavement of the sidewalks
in the grounds north of the Executive Mansion by a grano-
lithic pavement, two thousand five hundred dollars.
Forrepairs and fuel at the Executive Mansion, as follows : Executive
For care, repair, and refurnishing the Executive Man- ^^pXi. fuel,
sion, twenty-five thousand dollars, U) be expended by con- etc.
tract or otherwise, as the President may determine.
3572 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
For fuel for the Executive Mansion, greenhouses, and
stable, three thousand dollars.
For care and necessary repair of greenhouses, four thou-
sand dollars.
For renewing the superstructure of one greenhouse con-
nected with the Executive Mansion, one thousand five hun-
dred dollars.
For repairs to conservatory. Executive Mansion, two
thousand dollars.
President Be *a- ^^^' portrait and frame for same of Honorable Benjamin
min^ian-ison!^" Harrisou, ex-Presideut of the United States, two thousand
five hundred dollars.
LightingExec LIGHTING THE EXECUTIVE MANSION AND PUBLIC
an^d ^^ilnc^^ROUNDS: For gas, pay of lamp-lighters, gas fitters, and
grounds. laborcrs ; purchase, erection, and repair of lamps and lamp-
posts; purchase of matches, and for repairs of all kinds ;
fuel and lights for office, office stables, watchmen's lodges,
and for the greenhouses a1 the nursery, fourteen thousand
dollars': Providedj That for each six foot burner not con-
Provuot. nected with a meter in the lamps on the public grounds
iamp!^"°""* ^^ ^^ more than twenty dollars and fifty cents shall be paid
per lamp for gas, including lighting, cleaning, and keeping
in repair the lamps, under any expenditure provided for in
this Act; and said lamps shall burn not less than three
thousand hours per annum; and authority is hereby given
to substitute other illuminating material for the same or
less price, and to use so much of the sum hereby appropri-
ated as may be necessary for that purpose : Provided j That
before any expenditures are made from the appropriations
herein provided for, the contracting gas company shall
Burners. cquip each lamp with a self-regulating burner and tip, so
combined and adjusted as to secure under all ordinary
variations of pressure and density a consumption of six
cubic feet of gas per hour.
Electric lights. For clcctric lights for three hundred and sixty-five nights
from seven posts, at thirty cents per light per night, seven
hundred and sixty-six dollars and fifty cents,
pi^es^^t^^^***^ Repair of water pipes : For repairing and extending
pe8,e 3. water i)ipes, purchase of apparatus for cleaning them, pur-
chase of hose, and cleaning the springs and repairing and
renewing the pipes of the same that supply the Capitol,
the Executive Mansion, and the building for the State,
War, and Navy Departments, -two thousand five hundred
fn^iti' tion^^^^^^®- ^^ovidedj That the Secretary of War and the
of wYt'r^ghte! Attorney-General are hereby authprized to investigate and
•^- ascertain what action has been taken by them or their pre-
decessors in office, or by any Secretary of the Interior.
Vol. 22, p. 168. under the Act of July fifteenth, eighteen hundred and
eighty-two, entitled *-An Act to increase the water supply
of the city of Washington," and under any previous Acts;
and also the existing claims, if any, of the State of Mary-
land, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, the Great
Falls Manufacturing Company, and any other owner of
land and water rights, or either, at the Great Falls; and
also, further, the cost of acquiring the title or titles to such
lands and water rights, or either, as may be necessary to
^
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3673
vest in the Government complete ownership of the water
rights and necessary lands, and to make a full report of
all the facts to Congress; and the sum of four thousand
dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby
appropriated for such investigation, examination, and
report.
Telegraph to connect the Capitol with the Telegraph,
Departments and Government Printing Office : Sento!andP?St
For care and repair of existing lines, one thousand two >ng odace.
hundred and fifty dollars.
Washington Monument: For the care and mainte- ^j^J^^^Jk*®"
nance of the Washington Monument, namely: For one careand mam-
custodian, at one hundred dollars per month; one steam *®°"**^®-
engineer, at eighty dollars per month; one assistant steam
engineer, at sixty dollars per mouth; one fireman, at fifty
dollars per month; one assistant fireman, at forty-five dol-
lars per month; one conductor of elevator car, at seventy-
five dollars per month; one attendant on floor, at sixty
dollars per month; one attendant on top floor, at sixty
dollars per month; three night and day watchmen, at
sixty dollars per month each; in all eight thousand five
hundred and twenty dollars.
For fuel, lights, oil, waste, packing, tools, matches, Expeneea.
paints, brushes, brooms, lanterns, rope, nails, screws, lead,
electric lights, heating apparatus, oil stoves for elevator
car and upper and lower floor, repairs to engines, boilers,
dynamos, elevator, and repairs of all kinds connected with
the monument and machinery, and purchase of all neces-
sary articles fox keeping the monument, machinery, ele-
vator, and electric-light plant in good order, three thousand
dollars.
For one new engine, complete, in position, to replace the J^ew engine.
old engine which runs the dynamo for the electric lights,
six hundred and fifty dollars.
engineer department. Engineer De-
partment.
For continuing improvement of harbor at Philadelphia, River and har-
Pennsylvania : Continuing improvement, removal of Smiths menta.™^^^^*
Island and Windmill Island, Pennsylvania, and Petty pPWi'»deiphia,
Island, New Jersey, and adjacent shoals, two hundred and
fifty thousand dollars.
For improving harbor at Galveston, Texas: Continuing Galveston.
improvement, six hundred thousand dollars,, one hundred '^®**
thousand dollars of which may be expended for dredging,
under the direction of the Secretary of War, by contract
or otherwise, as may be most economical and advantageous
to the United States.
For improving Hay Lake Channel, Saint Marys I^iver, ^^^ft^y ^j^*g>^^f
Michigan: Continuing improvement, one hundred andkarfH River,'
fifty thousand dollars. ^^*'^-
For improving Hudson River, New York : Continuing Hudson River,
improvement one hundred a»d forty-five thousand dollars. ^' ' .
For improving Mississippi River from the mouth of the j^i^^\.**^o„t^Pf
Ohio River to the landing on the west bank below the the oiio to Mm-
^ neapolis, Minn.
3574 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Waahing:ton avenue bridge, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Con-
tinuing improvement from the mouth of the Ohio River to
the mouth of the Missouri River, seven hundred and fifty-
eight thousand three hundred and thirty-three dollars
and thirty- three cents; continuing improvement from the
mouth of Missouri River to Minneapolis, eight hundred
and sixty-six thousand six hundred and sixty-six dollars
and sixty-seven cents; in all, one million six hundred and
twenty-five thousand dollars.
St. Marys Riv For improviiig Saint Marys River at the Falls, Michigan :
Mic*h. ^^^ ^^^^ Continuing improvement, three hundred thousand dollars.
Point Judith, For harbor of refuge at Point Judith, Rhode Island:
^- '• Continuing improvement, one hundred thousand dollars.
Charleston, For improviug harbor at Charleston, South Carolina,
^' ^' including Sullivan Island and Mount Pleasant Shore: Con-
tinuing improvement, four hundred and fifty thousand
dollars.
Savannah. Ga. For improving harbor at Savannah, Georgia: Continu-
ing improvement, nine hundred and seventy-five thousand
dollars.
Mobile, Ala. For improving harbor at Mobile, Alabama: Continuing
improvement, three hundred and ninety thousand dollars.
Rh^er^^comSFa* ^n^l^i* Mississippi Rivcr Commission: For improving
Jou! **™™"* Mississippi River from Head of the Passes to the mouth of
the Ohio River, including salaries, clerical, office, travel-
j^^^j^««***^pp4ng, and miscellaneous expenses of the Mississippi River
Commission, two million six hundred and sixty-five thou-
sand dollars.
MiHftoiiri River Uudcr Missouri River Commission : Forjmproving Mis-
M^^aoSS^Riv. souri Rivcr from its mouth to the south line of Sioux City,
«'"• Iowa, including salaries, clerical, office, traveling, and mis-
cellaneous expenses of the Missouri River Commission, sur-
veys, permanent bench marks and gauges, seven hundred
and fifty thousand dollars, fifty thousand dollars of which
may be used for removal of snags and other like obstruc-
tions in the Missouri River above Sioux City, Iowa, from
the south line thereof, to be expended under the direction
of the Secretary of War.
• , • • * • * •
objwU?^*"^''* MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS.
Survey of SURVEY OF NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES:
nortnem, etc., -w-n • j.- j • • i_^^ j» -a j
lakea. For printing and issuing charts for use of navigators and
electrotyping plates for cliart printing, two thousand dol-
- lars.
For surveys, additions to, and correcting engraved plates,
to be available until expended, twenty-five thousand dol-
lars.
Transporting TRANSPORTATION OF REPORTS AND MAPS TO FOREIGN
COUNTRIES: For the transportation of reports and maps
to foreign countries through the Smithsonian Institution,
one hundred dollars.
New York Har- HARBOR OF NewYork: For prevention of obstructive
^^' and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent
waters of New York City.
maps.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3575
For pay of inspectors and deputy inspectors, office force, inspectors, etc.
and expenses of office, fifteen thousand dollars ;
For pay of crew and maintenance of steamer Argus, stcamera.etc.
eight thousand dollars;'
For pay of crew and maintenance of steamer Nimrod,
eight thousand dollars.
For purchase or construction of one steam tug, forty-five
thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary,
In all, seventy-six thousand dollars.
UNDER LEGISLATIVE. Legislative.
BUILDING FOR THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Library of
CoDgress.
For continuing the construction of the building for the c on tinning
Library of Congress, and for each and every purpose con- ^^'*''*'°*^"®^'
nected with the same, seven hundred thousand dollars:
Provided^ That contracts may be entered into for any work Proviso.
or materials required for the construction of said building, tbonze?.*'** *"'
not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars, to be paid for
as appropriations may from time to time be made by law ;
and the officer in charge of said building is hereby directed
to report to Congress at its next session plans and esti- K«portontim-
mates of cost for a tunnel, with suitable conveying appara-
tus for the rapid transmission of books, papers, and mes-
sages at all times between the said building and the Senate
and House wings of the Capitol.
PUBLIC PRINTING AND BINDING. inrind'bia^ding^
and the heads of the Executive Departments, before trans-
mitting their annual reports to Congress, tlie printing of
which is chargeable to this appropriation, shall cause the
same to be carefully examined, and shall exclude there-
from all matter, including engravings, maps, drawings,
and illustrations, except such as they shall certify in their
letters transmitting such reports to be necessary and to
relate entirely to the transaction of public business;
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. printlnrSffice*
To enable the Chief of Engineers of the Army, under ^PJ^^te^^*
the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing, to repair ®**^*p®*'
the Government Printing Office, provide fire escapes, and
put said building in a safe and secure condition, and to
enable the Public Printer, under the direction of the Joint
Committee on Printing, to rent, if necessary, any buildings
for use of the printing office, seventy-five thousand dollars.
Approved, August 18, 1894.
3676 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARinr.'
Angnat 23, 1894. CHAP. 309. — An Act Extending the time for the completion of a rail-
road bridge over the Columbia River at or near Vancouver, in the
State of Washington.
Be it enacted by tlte Senate and House of Representatives
Brideo ACTOABofthe United States of America in Congress assembled^ That
v^l"™c o*u y'r/ ; *^® ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ completion of the bridge across the Columbia
Wash. ' Kiver at or near Vancouver, in the State of Washington,
Time of com undcr the Act of Congress approved August twenty-ninth,
^'vorM^p!3«9^ eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled '^An Act to authorize
the construction of a bridge across the Columbia River by
the Oregon Railway Extensions Company," be, and the same
is hereby, extended until the fifteenth day of April, eighteen
hundred and ninety-eight.
Approved, August 23, 1894.
Angnst 23, 1894. CHAP. 312. — An Act To authorize the construction of a bridge
across the Contentnea Creek, at Grifton, Lenoir County, North Caro-
lina, and to establish it as a post road.
Be it enacted by the Senate and Hovse of Representatives
ftDYwddonRai" ^/ '^'^ ^^"^^t^^ St atcs of America iu Gongr CSS assembled^ That
road Company it sliall bc lawful for the Kiustou Branch of the Wilmington
Smne* *^^creeki ^^^^ Wcldou Railroad Company, a corporation organized
Grifton, N. c ' uudcr the laws of the State of North Carolina, or its suc-
cessors or assigns, to construct a bridge across the Con-
tentnea Creek, at or near the town of Grifton, in the county
of Lenoir and State of North Carolina; that said bridge
Railway and may bc constructcd for railway, wagon, and postal service,
wagon bridge, ^j^-j^ siuglc or doublc track, for railway traffic, and shall be
constructed under the conditions and limitations herein-
after specified.
Tree navigation. Sec, 2. That Said bridge shall not interfere with the free
navigation of said river beyond what may be necessary to
carry into efiect the rights and privileges herein granted,
and in case of any litigajbion arising under the provisions
Litigation, ^f ^j^j^ ^^^ g^^^j^ litigation may be tried and determined by
the circuit court of the United States withm whose juris-
diction said bridge is located.
Draw. Sec. 3. That the bridge hereby authorized to be con-
structed must be constructed with a draw of such dimen-
sions and chara<)ter as shall be prescribed by the Secretary
of War.
nre^Ynd '^^^a^t ^^^' ^' "^^^^ *°y bridge constructed under this Act shall
ronto. be a lawful structure, and shall be known as a post road,
over which no higher charge shall be made for the trans-
mission of mails, troops, and munitions of war of the Gov-
ernment of the United States or for passenger or freight
passing over the same than the rate per mile charged for
their transportation over the railroad or public highways
leading to the said bridge, and equal privileges in the use
of said bridge shall be granted to all telegraph and tele-
phone companies. The United States shall also have the
Poatai telegraph, right of Way ovcr said bridge for postal-telegraph purposes.
fS
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3577
Sec. 5. That all railway companies desiring to use said u»® Vy o*^®'
bridge shall be entitled to equal rights and privileges jn ^'^^^p*'^*®*-
using the same, including the machinery and fixtures thereto
belonging, and also the approaches thereto, upon such terms Terms.
and conditions as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of
War upon hearing the allegations and x>roofs of the parties
in interest, in case they shall not be able to agree upon such
terms and conditions.
Sec. 0. That the said railway company, before entering secretary of
upon the construction of said bridge, shall submit to the JS^s.^etc*^^^^^**
Secretary of War plans and drawings of said structure,
together with a map of the location thereof, giving the
topography of the banks of the river, the shore lines at high
and low water, showing the bed of the river and the chan-
nel, with such other and further information as the Secre
tary of War may require; which said drawings and infor-
mation aforesaid shall be examined by him, and if he shall
approve the same lie shall so notify the said railway com-
pany of such approval, and thereupon said company may
proceed to the erection of said bridge. The Secretary of Alterations.
War may direct such alterations in such plans as he may
deem necessary to the better protection of navigation, and
such alterations shall be adopted by the said railway com-
pany. The said railway company may at any time make
any alterations deemed advisable to be made in said bridge,
but must first submit such proposed alterations to the Sec-
retary of War, and his approval shall be first had before
they shall be authorized or made.
Sec. 7. That the said bridge herein authorized to be con- Aids to navi.
structed shall be so kept and managed at all times as to 8***°°-
afford proper ways and means for the passage of vessels,
barges, or rafts under it both by day and night. There
shall be displayed on said bridge from sunset to sunrise
such lights and signals as maybe directed by the Light- Lights, ot«.
House Board, and such changes may be made from time to
time in the structure of said bridge as the Secretary of War
may direct, at the expense of said railway, in order the
more effectually to preserve the free navigation cf said
river, or the said structure shall be altogether removed, if,
in the judgment of the Secretary of War, the public good
may require such removal, and without expense or charge
to the United States.
Sec. 8. That this Act shall be null and void if actual con- commenoem3nt
struction of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced **°^ '^omrietion.
within thirty days and completed within ninety days from
the date of the approval of this Act.
Sec. 9. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act Af»»*j»»dment,
is hereby specially reserved. ***
Approved, August 23, 1894.
\
3578 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY.
August 23.1894. CHAP. 315. — An Act To repeal Honse Resolution nnmbered ono
— hundred and four, first session Fifty-first Congress, jp-antin^ to
Secretary of War a permit to license to use a pier at mouth of Chi-
cago liiver.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Chicago, III. of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That
piCT revoked! ^^ House Resolutloii numbered one hundred and four, first
session of the Fifty-first Congress, approved October first,
eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled "Joint Resolution
to permit the Secretary of War to grant a revocable license
to use a pier as petitioned by vessel owners of Chicago,
Illinois," be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and the
property mentioned in the said joint -esolution, to wit,
the south pier of the Chicago River, shall be excepted
Vol. 27, p. 321. from the provisions of an Act entitled "An Act authoriz-
ing the Secretary of War to lease public property in cer-
tain cases," approved July twenty-eighth, eighteen huii-
-dred and ninety-two, and said pier shall not be subject to
Exc^fuon. btt leased by the Secretary of War: Provided^ That noth-
ing herein contained shall be so construed as to abrogate
the permit already granted by the Secretary of War to the
Western Seamen's Friend Society for the use of a part of
the said pier.
Approved, August 23, 1894.
August 23, 1894. CHAP. 317.— An Act To amend an Act entitled "An Act to incor-
porate the Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway."
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represent at ires of
and*G^?1i^iSi8^''^ ?7«if€rf States of America in Congress assembled. That
Eioctno Railway the Act of Cougrcss entitled "An Act to incorporate the
^chSJter'amend- Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company,"
^ V 27 826 ^PP^ved July twenty-ninth, anno Domini eighteen hun
** ■ ' ^' ■ dred and ninety-two, be, and the same is hereby, amended
Chandra" water ^^^' ^- "^^^'^^ *^® strcct- railway companies mentioned iu
mainefeuT* *'this act, and hereafter all street-railway companies in the
District of Columbia, respectively, shall bear all the ex-
penses that may be incurred by the United States in mak-
ing and inspecting such changes to the water mains, fix-
tures, or apparatus of the Washington Aqueduct as may be
rendered necessary by the construction or extension of such
several roads; and the Secretary of War is hereby author-
ized and directed to make all regulations to carry into eft'ect
the provisions of this section.
^t^™®°^"®°^' Sec. 6. That Congress reserves the right at any time to
alter, amend, or repeal this act.
Approved, August 23, 1894.
i
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3579
CHAP. 318. — An Act To anthorize the Wasliin gton Alexandria and AngnRt23. 18M.
Mount Vernon Electric Railway Company to extend its line of road '
into and within the District of Columbia, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted hy the Senate and Hotise of Representatives
of the Vnited States of America in Congress assembled,, Tbat^^j^^jJ*^?s^^°l
the Washington, Alexandria and Mount Vernon Electric Mount vernon
Eailway Company, a body incorjmrated under the laws of ^^^^,^,Ip^ny^may
the State of Virginia, be, and is hereby, authorized to con- lay tracfa, etc:,
struct and lay down a double- track street railway, except ^* '
as hereinafter provided,
And the said Washin gton, Alexandria and Mount Vernon Ferry eiip.
Electric Railway Company is hereby authorized and empow-
ered to construct and maintain, after acquiring title to the
same, at the foot of Fourteenth street, a necessary landing
and slip for the operation of a ferryboat or transfer steamer,
said landing and slip to be constructed on plans approved
by the Secretary of War, and for the purpose of connection
to use an overhead wire for a distance of not exceeding Orerhoadwire.
four hundred feet, commencing at the extreme southern
end of the slip.
Sec. 8. That the said company shall, before commencing Deposit for ex-
work on said railroad on such street, deposit with the 5onretc5 ^°'^^'
Treasurer of the United States to the credit of the Wash-
ington Aqueduct such sum as the Secretary of War may
consider necessary to defray all the expenses that may be
incurred by the United States in connection with the inspec-
tion of the work of construction of said railroad on such
street, and in making good any damages done by said com-
pany, or its works, or by any of its contracting agents, to
any of said mains, fixtures, or apparatus, and in complet-
ing, as the Secretary of War may consider necessary, any
of the work that the said company may neglect or refuse
to complete, and that the Secretary of War may consider
necessary for the safety of said mains, fixtures, or appa-
ratus, and the said company shall also deposit as aforesaid
such further sums for said purposes at such times as the
Secretary of War may consider necessary: Provided^ That Provuot.
the said sum shall be disbursed like other moneys appro- ^^s^""®™®*^*-
priated for the Washington Aqueduct, and that whatever
shall remain of said deposits at the end of one year after
the completion of said railroad in such street shall bo
returned to said company on the order of the Secretary of ^^|*""» "^ *>*>•
War, with an account of its disbursement in detail: And
provided also. That disbursements of said deposits shall,
except in cases of emergency, be made only on the order
of the Secretary of War. The exercise of the rights by
this Act granted are to terminate at the pleasure of the^^^?^^'®j^^'^
Secretary of War in case of persistent neglect by said com-
pany, or by its successors, to make the deposits, or to com-
ply with any of the conditions, requirements, and regula-
tions aforesaid.
>-. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
3680 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
B^ctione Sec. 22. * * * Protnd6(7, That the limitations, reqnire-
6tc. ^ ^ **"*"' ments, and restrictions imposed by this Act upon the Wash-
ington, Alexandria and Mount Vernon Electric Bailway
Company shall apply to the Falls Church and Potomae
Railway Company; and the said Falls Church and Poto-
mac Eailway Company shall be subject, in case of any viola-
tion of the limitations, requirements, and restrictions afore-
said, to the same fines, penalties, and forfeiture of the privi-
leges and rights herein granted as the Washington, Alex-
andria and Mount Yernon Electric Railway Company is
subject to.
• «****•
Conditions, Sec. 24. That all the conditions, requirements, and obU-
SiaVg^a"^*"^ °° gations Imposed by the terms of this Act upon the Wash-
ington, Alexandria and Mount Vernon Electric Railway
Company shall be complied with by any and all the suc-
cessors to and assigns of said company.
Amendment, Sec. 25. That this Act may at any time be altered,
^^' amended, or repealed by the Congress of the United States.
Approved, August 23, 1894.
■>
August 23, 1894. CHAP. 320.— All Act To authorize the Saint Louis, AvoyeUes and
Southwestem Railway Company to bridgo Bayou Des Olaises and
Atchafalaya River in the State of Louisiana.
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of B^resentntires
St. LoniB. of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That
siuXwe\t*ornthe Saiut Louis, Avoyelles and Southwestern Eailway
^an^^ma%rid"e^^"^P^"y^' ^^^ successors or assigus, be, and is hereby,
Sayou^DcB G if ^ authorized to construct and maintain a railway bridge and
layaSuvtr^La?" approachcs thereto over and across Bayou Des Glaises, in
the parish of Avoyelles, State of Louisiana, and also a
railway bridge and approaches thereto over and across the
Atcfiafalaya Kiver, between Melville and the mouth of
Bed Eiver, in said State, at such point as may be selected
by said railway company for crossing said bayou and river
with its railroad line, subject to the approval of the Secre-
Railway, wagon, tary of War. Said bridges shall be constructed to pro-
and footbridges, yide for the passagc of railway trains, and, at the option
of said company, may be used for the passage of wagons
and vehicles of all kinds, for the transit of animals, and
Ton. for foot passengers, for such reasonable rates of toll as may
be approved from time to time by the Secretary of War.
That the bridges over said streams shall be constructed
Draw piers, as draw Or pivot bridges; the draw or pivot pier shall be
over the main channel of the stream at an accessible navi-
gable point, and the openings on each side of the pivot pier
shall not be less than one hundred feet in the clear, unless
otherwise expressly directed by the Secretary War, and if
so directed shall be according to such direction, and the
said openings shall be accessible at all stages of water,
and the spans shall be not less than ten feet above extreme
high water, as understood at the point of location, to the
lowest part of the superstructure of the bridge, and the
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3581
piers and draw rests sLal] be parallel witL, and the bridge
or bridges at right angles to, the current of the stream or
streams, and no riprap or other oatside protection for
imperfect foundations shall be permitted to approach
nearer than four feet to the surface of the water at its
extreme low stage, or otherwise to encroach upoji the
ciiannel ways provided for in this Act; and all and each
of said draws shall be opened promptly upon reasonable
signals for the passage of boats; and said company shall
maintain, at its own expense, from -sunset till sunrise,
throughout the season of navigation, such lights or other Lighu, vw.
signals on said bridges as the Light-House Board may
prescribe.
. Sec. 2. That any bridge built under this Act, and sub- Lawful stnict-
ject to its limitations, shall be a lawful structure, and shall route**" ^**
be recognized and known as a post route, upon which also
no higher charge shall be made for the transmission over
the same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war
of the United States than the rate per mile paid for the
transportation over the railroad or public highways lead-
ing to the said bridge; and it shall enjoy the.rights and
privileges of other x)ost roads in the United States.
Sec. 3. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained rreenavig*.
under the authority of this Act which shall at any time sub- ^^^'
stantially or materially obstruct the free navigation of said
streams; and if any bridge erected under such authority
shall, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, obstruct such chango#».
navigation he is hereby authorized to cause such change or
alteration of said bridge or bridges to be made as will effec-
tually obviate such obstruction; and all such alterations
shall be made and all such obstructions be removed at the
expense of the owner or owners of said bridge. And in
caseof any litigation arising from any obstruction or alleged litigation,
obstruction to the free navigation of said streams, caused
or alleged to be caused by said bridge, the case may be
brought in the district court of the United States for the
western district of Louisiana: Frovidedj That nothing in provuo.
this act shall be so construed as to repeal or modify any of Exieting lawi.
the provisions of law now existing in reference to the pro-
tection of the navigation of rivers or to exemi)t said bridges
from the operation of the-same.
Sec. 4. That all railway companies desiring the use of ^^^^'^^^^^ ®*^®'
said bridges, or either of them, shall have and be entitled
to equal rights and privileges relative to the passage of
railway trains over the same, and over the approaches
thereto, upon payment of a reasonable compensation for
such use.
Sec. 5. That the bridges authorized to be constructed waf ^^ap^re
under this Act shall be built and located under and subject plans, etc.
to such regulations for the security of navigation of said
streams as the Secretary of War shall prescribe; and to
secure that object the said company or corporation shall
submit to the Secretary of War, for his examination and
approval, a design and drawings of said bridges, and each
of them, and a map of the location, giving, for the space of
one- half mile above and one-half mile below the proposed
3582 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
location, the topograpliy of the banks of the streams, the
shore hues athigh and low water, the direction and strength
of the currents at all stages, and the soundings accurately
showing the bed of the stream, the location of any other
bridge or bridges, and shall furnish such other information
as may be required for a full and satisfactory understand-
ing of the subject; and until the vsaid plan and location of
the bridge or bridges are approved by the Secretary of
War the bridge or bridges shall not be built; and should
chang«M. any change be made in the plan of said bridges, or either
of them, during the progress of construction, such change
shall be subject to approval of the Secretary of War. And
the said structure shall be changed at the cost and expense
of the owners thereof, from time to time, as the Secretary
of War may direct, so as to preserve the free and conven-
ient navigation of said streams, and the authority to erect
and continue any and all of said bridges shall be subjectto
revocation by the Secretary of War whenever the pubhc
good, in his judgment, so requires.
Amenti men t, Sec. 6. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
is hereby expressly reserved.
niSit"an«f "com- ^^^* ^' ^^^^ ^^*^® ^^* ®^^^^ ^® ^^^^ *"^ ^^^^ ^^ aCtual COH-
pietion*° *'°" struction of tlie bridge or bridges hereiii authorized be not
commenced within one year and completed within three
years from the approval of this Act.
Approved, August 23, 1894.
etc.
August 27,1894 CHAP. 345.— An Act. To authorize the construction of a bridge
across the Saint Croix River between Wisconsin and Minnesota.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Oftcfoia. Wis., of the United States of America in Congress a^ssembledj That
Croix i^ver"^ the village of Osceola, Polk County, 'in the Stat-e of Wis-
consin, a municipal corporation existing under the laws of
the State of Wisconsin, is hereby authorized and empowered
to erect, establish, and maintain, or authorize the erection,
w H«oTi and establishment, and maintenance of a foot and wagon bridge
footbridge. acToss the Saint Groix Kiver at a point suitable to the
interests of navigation, from a point in section twenty-
seven, township thirty-three, range nineteen west, in Polk
County, Wisconsin, so as to connect with the opposite
shore of said river in the State of Minnesota; that said
ti^"^** '^*^'^* bridge shall not interfere with the free navigation of said
*'"' river beyond what is necessary in order to caiTy into effect
the rights and privileges hereby granted, and in case of
Litigation. ^y^y jitigatiou arising from any obstruction or allege<l
obstruction to the free navigation of said river the cause
may be tried before the circuit court of the United States
in and for any district in which any portion of said bridfrc
or obstruction is located. Said bridge shall be constructed
to provide for the passage of wagons and vehicles of all
kinds, for the transit of animals, and for foot passengers,
Toil for Huch reasonable rates of toll as may be fixed by the
said village of Osceola from time to time and approved by
the Secretary of War.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3583
Sec. 2. That the bridge under this act shall be con- Brawbridgre.
stnicted as a pivot drawbridge, with the draw over the
main channel of the river at an accessible and navigable
point, and with a low-water sx)an of not less than one
hundred and ten feet in length in the clear on each side of
the central or pivot pier of the draw, measnred at right
angles to the axis of the channel: Provided^ That the said ^^?^' ^
draw shall be ojjened proniptly on reasonable signal for ^®°"*^ ''*^-
the passage of boats, vessels, and other water craft whose
construction shall be such as not to admit of their passage
under said bridge.
Sec. 3. That any bridge constructed under this act and Lawful struct-
according to its provisions and conditions shall be a lawful ^^"
structure, over which may be transmitted the mails, troops,
and munitions of war of the United States free of charge;
and the United States shall have the right of way for
postal- telegraph puriwses across said bridge. graph. *
Sec. 4. That the structure herein authorized shall be w^*^ to*"approve
built and located under aud subject to such regulations for piMs, etc.
the security of the navigation of said river as the Secretary
of War shall prescribe, and to secure that object the cor-
poration named shall submit to the Secretary of War, for
his examination and approval, a design and drawing of the
bridge and a maj) of the location, giving, for the space of
one mile above and one mile below the proposed location,
the topography of the banks of the river, the shore lines at
high and low water, the direction and strength of the cur-
rent, and the soundings, accurately showing the bed of the
stream, and shall furnish such other information as shall
be required for a full and satisfactory understanding of the
subject; and until the said plans and location of the bridge
are decided by the Secretary of War to be such as will not
materially aft'ect the interest of navigation the bridge shall
not be commenced or built ; and should any change be made changes.
in the plan of said bridge during the progress of construc-
tion such change shall be subject to the approval of the
Secretary of War; and the said structure shall a tall times
be so kept and managed as to offer reasonable and proper
means for the passage of vessels through or under said
structure; and for tlie safety of vessels passing at night
there shall be displayed oh said bridge, from the houis of
sunset to sunrise, such lights as may be prescribed by the lights.
Light House Board; and tlie said structure shall be changed
or removed, at the cost and expense of the owners thereof,
from time to time, as Congress may direct, so as to preserve
the free and convenient navigation of said river; and the
authority to erect and continue said bridge shall besubject
to revocation and modification by law when the public good
shall, in the judgment of Congress, so require, without any
expense or charge to the United States.
Sec. 6. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act Amendment,
is hereby expressly reserved. * ®*^"
Sec. 6. That this act shall be null and void if actual commencemeni
construction of the bridge herein authorized be not com- *"^ *^^™p^®**®°'
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date thereof.
Approved, August 27, 1894.
3584 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,
Angnftt 27. 1894. CHAP. 350.-— An Act To authorize the Biloxi and Rack Bay Bridge
" Company to construct and maintain a bridge over that portion of the
Bay of Biloxi, in the State of Mississippi, known as Back Bay.
Be it enacted by the Senate and HotLse of Rcpresentatites
Ba^^iJriSceConv^/ ^'*'' ^^"^^i^^^ States of America in Congress assembledy That
panv may bridge the Eiloxi and Back Bay Bridge Company be, and is
Back Bay. hereby, authorized and empowered to construct, build, and
maintain a bridge over and across that part of Biloxi Bay,
in the State of Mississippi, known as Back Bay, so as to
Wagon, etc., connect the town of Biloxi, Mississippi, with the mainland
bridge north of it by wagon road and streetcar lines.
i^awfu^ struct^ Sec. 2. That any bridge built under this act shall be a
route*"* ^^* lawful structure, and United States mails and United
States troops and munitions of wai' shall be allowed to
pass over it free of charge.
Draw. Sec. 3. That said bridge shall be constructed with a
draw over the main channel of said bay of a sufficient
length to afford ample space to admit of the passage
through it of such vessels as can navigate said Back Bay,
and said draw shall be at right angles to the current of
o^)«?dn draw ^^^ ^'^^ ^* *^*^ poiut: Provided, That said draw shall be
i)eiiiiig raw. ^p^^^^^j promptly by said company, upon reasonable signal,
for the passage of boats; and said company shall maintain,
Lighu^etc. at its owu cxpcnsc, from sunset to sunrise, such lights
or other signals as the Light- House Board shall prescribe.
tio^'^^ "^'^^^^ Sec. 4. That no bridge shall be erected or maintained
under the authority of this act which shall at any time sub-
stantially or materially obstruct the free navigation of saiu
Back Bay. And if any bridge erected under such author-
ity shall, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, obstruct
such navigation, he is hereby authorized to cause such
Changes. change or alteration of said bridge to be made as will
effectually obviate such obstruction; all of such changes
or alterations shall be made at the expense of the owners
of said bridge. *
w^? toVppfove ^^^' ^' "^^^^ construction of the bridge shall not be
plans. commenced until a copy of the Coast Survey chart of said
Back Bay, with the proposed line of crossing and location
of draw marked upon it, and detailed plan showing width
of draw and character of proposed construction of bridge
and draw, shall have been submitted to and approved by
the Secretary of War.
mfnt linr com: ^EC. 6. That tMs Act shall be null and void if actual con-
pietion. struction of the bridge herein authorized be not com-
menced within one year and completed within three years
from the date hereof.
^^Ainendment, g^^^. r^ r^ij^t the right to alter, amcud, OF repeal this Act
is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, August 27, 1894.
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 3585
^ 351. — An Act To authorize the constructiou of a bridge August 27, 1804.
across the Osage Kiver, in the State of Missouri.
Be it enacted by the ^Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled j
That it shall be lawful for the Duluth, Springfield aud flSS^"lS,fP^j°ff
Gulf Eailroad Company, a corporation organized under the Kaiiroad com
laws of the State of Iowa, its successors or assigns, to S^ge Riverf^!
construct and maintain a bridge across the Osage Eiver at
some point on the river in the counties of Morgan or Cam-
den, and State of Missouri, the location to be subject to
the approval of the War Department; that said bridge
may be constructed for railway, wagon, and postal service, Railway and
with single or double tracks for railway traffic, and shall "^^^^ bridge.
be constructed under the conditions and limitations herein-
after specified.
Sec. 2. That said bridge shall not interfere with the free ^.^^ree naviga-
navigation of said river beyond what may be necessary to *°°"
cany into eft'ect the rights and privileges herein granted,
' and in case of any litigation arising under the provisions Litigation,
of this Act, such litigation may be tried and determined by
the circuit court of the United States within whose juris-
diction said bridge is located.
Sec. 3. That the bridge hereby authorized to be con- nigh bridge,
structed must be constructed as a high bridge, with
unbroken and continuous spans, having at least one chan-
nel span with not less than four hundred feet clear channel
way, and all other spans to have a clear channel way of
not less than three hundred feet, and all spans shall have
a clear head-rorom of not less than fifty feet above high-
water markf and the piers of said bridge shall be parallel
with the current of said river where said bridge may be
erected.
Sec. 4. That any bridge constructed under this Act shall u^'^i**™')!^
be a lawful structure and shall be a post road, over which rout©.
no higher charge shall b^ made for the transmission of
mails, troops, and munitions of war of the Government of
the United States, or for passengers or freight passing over
the same than the rate per mile charged for their trans-
portation over the railroad or public highways leading to
the said bridge; and equal privileges in the use of said
bridge shall be granted to all telegraph and telephone
companies. The United States shall have also the right Postaiteie-
of way over said bridge for postal-telegraph purposes. *^™^ *
Sec. 5. That all railway companies desiring to use said ^^^'»® by^ o^ber
bridge shall be entitled to equal rights and privileges in *^°"*^**^^®''-
using the same, including the machinery and fixtures
thereto belonging, and also the approaches thereto, upon
such terms and conditions as shall be prescribed by the Terms.
Secretary of War upon hearing the allegations and proofs
of the parties in interest, in case they shall not be able to
agree upon such terms and conditions.
Sec. 6. That the said railway company, before entering ^sec re tjiry^of
upon the construction of said bridge, shall submit to the plana, etc.^^"*^^
Secretary of War plans and drawings of said structure,
together with a map of the location thereof for one mile
ENG 94 225
3586 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
above and one mile below said location, giving the topog-
raphy of the banks of the river, the shore lines at high
and low water, the direction and strength of the current
of said river at all stages of the water, showing also the
bed of the river and the channel, with sach other and
further information as the Secretary of War may require,
which said drawings and other information aforesaid shall
be examined by him, and if he shall approve the same he
shall so notify the said railway company of such approval^
and thereupon said company may proceed to the erection
of said bridge. The Secretary of War may direct such
Alterations, alterations in such plans as he may deem necessary to Tbhe
better protection of navigation, and such alterations shall
be mfwie by the said railway company at its expense. The
said railway company may at any time make any altera-
tions deemed advisable to be made in said bridge, but
must first submit such proposed alterations to the Secre-
tary of War, and his approval shall be first had before
they shall be authorized or made.
^^Aidatonaviga Sec. 7. That the said bridge herein authorized to he
constructed shall be so kept and managed at all times as
to afford proper means and ways for the passage of ves
sels, barges, or rafts under it both by day and night.
There shall be displayed on said bridge, from sunset lo
Light«,etc. sunrise, such lights and signals as may be directed by the
Light House Board, and such changes may be made froni
time to time in the structure of said bridge as the Secretary
of War may direct, at the expense of said railway, in order
the more effectually to preserve the free navigation of said
river, or the said structure shall be altogether removed if, in
the judgment of the Secretary of War, the public good may
require such removal, and without expense or charge to the
United States.
Commence- Sec. 8. That this Act shall be null and void if actujil
men an( comp e- (.Qj^gtructiou of the bridge herein authorized be not com
nienced within one year and completed within three years
from the date of the approval of this AcL
^Amendment, Sec. 9. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this
Act is hereby expressly reserved.
Approved, August 27, 1894.
August 27, 1894- CHAP. 352. — An Act To authorize the constrnction of a bridge
across the Missouri River at De Witt, CarroU County, Missouri, and U>
establish it as a post road.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
ii^M "*n'(f ^i°Pf ^'''^ f/^ni7e(i States of America in Congress assembled^ That it
ilaiiToad Com shall bc lawful for the Duluth, Springfield and Gulf BiUl
SiiHHo??f^ Rive^r!^'^*^^ Company, a corporation organized under the laws of
i>e Witt, Mo. ' the State of Iowa, or its successors or assigns, to construct
a bridge across the Missouri River at a point opposite, or
as nearly opposite as may be, to the town of De Witt, in
the county of Carroll and State of Missouri; that said
bridge may be constructed for railway, wagon, and postal
LAWS AFFECTING CORPS OP ENGINEERS. 3587
service, with single or doable track, for railway traffic, and ^^JJJi^^JiJ'd \^'^
bLalJ be constructed under the conditions and limitations ^'^^^^ " '^^'
hereinafter specified.
Sec. 2. That said bridge shall not interfere with the free Free naviga*
navigation of said river beyond what may be necessary to**®°"
carry into effect the rights and privileges herein granted,
and m case of any litigation arising under the provisions Litigation
of this Act such litigation maybe tried and determined by
the circuit court of the United States within whose juris-
diction said bridge is located.
Sec. 3. That the bridge hereby authorized to be con- High bridge.
structed must be constructed as a high bridge, with
unbroken and continuous spans; all spans over tbe water-
way to have a clear channel way of not less than four liun*
dred feet and a clear headroom of not less than iifty-five feet
above high-water mark.
Sec. 4. That any bridge constructed under this Act shall „r^^d "^^^
be a lawful structure, and shall be known as a post road, route,
over which no higher charge shall be made for the trans-
mission of mails, troops, and munitions of war of the Gov-
ernment of the United States or for passenger or freight
passing over the same than the rate per mile charged for
their transportation over the railroad or public highways
leading to the said bridge, and equal privileges in the use
of said bridge shall be granted to all telegraph and tele-
phone companies. The United States shall also have the
right of way over said bridge for postal- telegraph purposes, ^fraph!*** **^^
Sec. 5. That all railway companies desiring to use said i^« ^y otiior
bridge shall be entitled to equal rights and privileges in ^^^"'v®"*'^'*-
using the same, including the machinery and fixtures
thereto belonging, and also the approaches thereto, upon
such terms and conditions as shall be prescribed by the Terms.
Secretary of War upon hearing the allegations and proofs
of the parties in interest, in case they shall not be able to
agree upon such terms and conditions.
Sec. 6, That the said railway company, before entering secretary of
upon the construction of said bridge, shall submit to the^^^^^JP^*"*''®
Secretary of War plans and drawings of said structure,
together with a map of the location thereof for one mile
above and one mile below said location, giving the topog-
raphy of the banks of the river, the shore lines at high
and low water, the direction and strength of the current
of said river at all stages of the water, showing also the ,
bed of the river and the channel, with such other and
further information as the Secretary of War may require;
which said drawings and information aforesaid shall be
examined by him, and if he shall approve the same he shall
so notify the said railway company of such approval, and
thereupon said company may proceed to the erection of
said bridge. The Secretary of War may direct such alter- Alteration*.
ations in such plans as he may deem necessary to the bet-
ter protection of navigation, and such alterations shall be
adoi)ted by the said railway company. The said railway
company may at any time make any alterations deemed
advisable to be made in said bridge, but must first submit
such proposed alterations to the Secretary of War, and
3588 REPORT OP THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY.
Ilis approval shall be first liad before they shall be author-
ized or made.
Aids to navi- Sec. 7. That the said bridge herein authorized to be
gation. constructed shall be so kept and managed, at all times, as
to afford proper ways and nieans for the passage of vessels,
barges, or rafts under it, both by day and night. There
shall be displayed on said bridge, from sunset to sunrise,
Lights, etc. such Hghts and signals as may be directed by the Light-
House Board, and such changes may be made, from time
to time, in the structure of said bridge as the Secretary of
War may direct, at the expense of said railway, in order
the more effectuaUy to preserve the free navigation of said
river, or the said structure shall be altogether removed, if,
in the judgment of the Secretary of War, the public good
may require such removal, and without expense or charge
to the United States.
Commence- Seo. 8. That this Act Shall bc uull and vold if actual coQ-
pietk)if " * *^"' struction of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced
within one year and completed within three years from the
date of the approval of this Act.
Amendment, Sec. 9. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this Act
is hereby specially reserved.
Approved, August 27, 1894.
RESOLUTIONS.
December 19, [No. 6.] Joint Resolution To authorize the Secretary of War to grant
^^^- permits for the use of the Monument grounds and reservations or
public spaces in the City of Washington, and for other purposes.
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of
p^hiifencam**/^^^ Z7witc<i States of America in Congress a^scmhledj That
luent!** oncamp- ^^^ Secretary of War is hereby authorized to grant per-
M^^™* m^e ?i*t "^its ^ ^^^ Executive Committee, Knights of Pythias, for
grounds and res- the uso of the Monumeul) grounds for temporary camp pur-
?nAij?uBt,?8w.' poses, and the reservations or public spaces along the line
of Pennsylvania Avenue for the erection of stands with
seats thereon on the occasion of the Pythian Conclave and
Encampment to be held in the City of Washington in
August, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, if, in his opin-
ion, such use will inflict no serious or permanent injury
* upon such grounds, reservations or public spaces; and the
District Commissioners are hereby authorized to designate
such streets, avenues and sidewalks in llie District as they
may deem necessary and proper for the purposes of the
occasion.
Approved, December 19, 1893.
LAWS AFFECTING C0BP8 OF ENGINEERS. 3589
[No. 23.] Joint Resolution Directing the Secretary of War to canse May 4, 1894.
an examination to be made to determine if there in probability and ■
danger of the Mississippi River cutting throueh the space dividing
such river from the Saint Francis River in the vicinity of Walnut
Bend, Arkansas. .
Resolved hy tke Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled^ That the MiBsieaippi
Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and Examination
directed to cause an examination to be made to determine j^*^*" 2^ *^»"J^
if there is probability and danger of the Mississippi Kiver danger "to'^sit!
cutting through the space dividing such river from the ^''*°®*® ^*^®'''
Saint Francis River in the vicinity of Walnut Bend, Arkan-
sas, some twenty miles above the mouth of the Saint Francis
Eiver, and if such danger exists, to cause to be made a
survey and estimate of the amount necessary to prevent
damage to the navigation of the Saint Francis Biver.
Approved, May 4, 1894.
[No. 33.] Joint Resolution Directing the Secretary of War to appoint jnne 29, ism.
a commission of engineers to examine and report upon the cost of deep ^
ening the harbors of Superior and Duluth and their entrances to a
uniform depth of twenty feet.
Resolved hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled^ That the Harbors of du-
Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, directed to appoint Jy*J^ *°* ^^^'^'
a commission, to consist of three engineers, to examine the commiBsion to
harbors of Superior and Duluth and the entrances thereto, dee^n ?n*g*e n^^
with a view of ascertaining the cost of deepening said har- trance.
bors and entrances to a uniform depth of twenty feet, and
to report their conclusions to the Secretary of War without
delay, to be by him transmitted to Congress.
'Approved, June 29, 1894.
PRIVATE ACTS.
CHAP. 115. — An Act To provide for the ad^justment and payment of jane 23, 18M.
the claim of Thomas Rhys Smith for work done and materials fur '■
nished for the breakwater at Bar Harbor, Maine.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Thoma* Rhya
I he Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and ^™**'*-
directed to examine and adjust the claim of Thomas Ehys ciaim for work.
Smith against the Government of the United States forJ^'^^^^^J
work done and materials furnished for the breakwater at ju8t«d.
Bar Harbor, Maine, under a contract between said Thomas
Rhys Smith and the United States, and determine what
amount of work was done and materials furnished there-
under, the amount paid on account thereof, and the balance
remaining unpaid, which balance he shall certify to the
proper accounting officers for payment in the manner pre-
sciibed by law ; and for the payment of said claim the sum Payment.
3590 REPORT OB* tHEl dHlEF OF ENGINElEiRS, U. S. ARMY.
•
of six thousand three hundred and ninety-one dollars and
twelve cents, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is
hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not
Provito. otherwise appropriated: Provided^ That before makinf>;
any payment the Secretary of War shall exact from said
iDdemnityThomas Bhys Smith a bond in the penal sum often thou-
^^^' ^s^>nd dollars, with sufficient sureties, to be approved by
him, conditioned to indemnify the CTnited States against
any lawful claim of any other party or parties.
Approved, June 23, 1894.
Aagn8t8,i8»4. CHAP. 240. — An Act To provide for the adjastment and payment
of the claim of the American Transportation Company for dredging
done at Fairport Harbor, in the State of Ohio.
Be it enacted by the Seriate and House of Representatires
rfk^B^ 'rtatfon ^/'^^ United States of Ainerica in Coitgress assembled^ That
compily. ^^° the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and
ci^m\orXldg^^i^®^^^^ ^ examine and adjust the claim of the American
ing Faijport Transportation Company against the Government of the
Harbor, Ohio. United States for dredging done at Fairport Harbor, in the
State of Ohio, under a contract between said American Trans-
portation Company and the United States, and determine
what amount of dredging was done thereunder, the amount
paid on account thereof, and the balance remaining unpaid,
which balance he shall certify to the proper accounting
officers for payment in the manner prescribed by law ; and
for the payment of said claim the sum of five thousand four
hundred and thirty-four dollars and eighteen cents, or so
much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby at)propriated,
out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropri-
ated.
Approved, August 8, 1894.
Angnet 17, 1804. CHAP. 298. —An Act To authorize the appointment of James Will-
iam Abert to the retired list of the Army.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
Aben**^'^^^*" ^^6 United States of America in Congress asse^nbledj That the
President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with
e? raiS^?^Aray ^^® advicc and consent of the Senate, to appoint James
retired list. William Abcrt to the Army of the United States, and to
place said Abert on the retired list thereof with the rank of
major of engineers.
Received by the President, August 6, 1894,
[Note by the Department of State. — The fore-
going act having been presented to the President of the
United States for his appro val,andnot having been returned
by him to the house of Congress in which it originated
within the time prescribed by the Constitution of the
United States, has become a law without his approval. J
^
LAWS AFFECTING COEPS OF ENGINEERS. 3591
. 324.— An Act For the relief of B. D. Greene. Anguet 23, 1894.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of tJie United States of America in Congress assembled^ That payiS^Sfaa
the Secretary of the Treasury is directed to pay, out ofbondgman'of
any money in the Treasury uot otherwise appropriated, to^®®^^®^*^*^'
B. D. Greene, bondsman of George B. Ward, who shall
file the proper vouchers for money advanced or labor and
materials furnished in and about the work of improvement
on the Rappahannock River during the year eighteen hun-
dred and eighty-nine, the sum of one thousand nine hun-
dred and sixteen dollars and ninety-seven cents, being the
amount due George E. Ward by the Government, which
said sum shall be paid to the said B. D. Greene.
Approved, August 23, 1894.
\ 354. — An Act Directing the issue of a duplicate of a lost AugTi8t27,l8»4.
check drawn by Captain W. H. Bixby, Engineers United States Army,
at Newport, Rhode Island, in favor of Messrs. Hughes Brothers and
Bangs.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,, That hh^iich Broth
Captain W. H. Bixby, Engineers United States Army, «Sj;S?ca^Xck
be, and is hereby, authorized and instructed to issue a *<*"»"« to-
duplicate of an original check under such regulations in
regard to its issue and payment as have been prescribed
by the Secretary of the Treasury for the issue of duplicate
checks under the provisions of section thirty-six hundred ^^^■^^^' ^^®*^'
and forty-six. Revised Statutes of the United States. Said^'
duplicate check to take the place of an original check
issued by said W. H. Bixby on September twenty-fifth,
eighteen hundred and ninety-three, upon the subtreasury
at New York, in favor of Hughes Brothers and Bangs, for
the sum of five thousand and eleven dollars and ninety-
three cents, and numbered two hundred and fifty-nine
thousand and one, beiug for services in August, eighteen
hundred and ninety-three, under their contract with the
United States for work at Point Judith, Rhode Island,
which check is alleged to have been lost in its transmission
through the United States mail.
Approved, August 27, 1894.
\
INDEX.
[The references in Roman are to part (or volume), and thoae in Arabic to page.]
A.
Acacia (schooner), removal of wreck of h^t ^^^
Agate Bay, Miun., improvement of harbor at i, 308 ; iv, 2011
Ahnapee and Western Railway Company, bridge of i, 428
Ahuapee Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 321 ; iv, 2064
Aitken, Kate V. (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 174 ; ii, 1128
Akers, Annie W, (schooner), removal of wreck of i|63, 614
Alabama River, Ala. :
Bridge near Montgomery, construction of i, 425
Improvement of I, 205; il, 1277
Alameda Harbor, Cal., establishment of harbor lines .' . i, 424 : iv, 2505
Albemarle Sound, N. C, improvement of waterway between Norfolk Haruor
and I, 151; u, 983
Allegheny River, Pa. :
Bridgeat Creighton, constrnction of I, 428
Bridge below Tareutam, construction of i, 428
Dam at Herr Island, construction of i, 292 ; ui, 1918
Improvement of i, 292; lu, 1913
Alloway Creek, N. J., improvement of i, 116; ii, 855
Alma (>^sel), removal ot wreck of i, 62, 609
Alpena Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 354 ; iv, 2241
Aitamaha River, Ga., improvement of i> 178; ii, 1169
Alxa (steam yacht), removal of wreck of i, 62,604
Amite River, La., improvement of i, 222 ; iii, 1354
Anacostia River, D. C., improvemi^nt of i, 138; li, 939
AndevBony Eliza (schooner), removal of wreck of i» 82, 712
• Anderson, G» W. (steamer), removal of wreck of i, 232 ; in, 1383
Ann, Cape, Mass., improvement of harbor of refuge ^t Sandy Bay i,'39, 536
Apalachicola Bay, Fla., improvement of. i, 196 ; ii, 1249
Apalachicola River, Fla., improvement of i, 197 ; ii, 1252
Appomattox River, Va., improvement of i, 149 ; u, 981
Appoquinimink River, Del. , improvement of i, 119 ; ii, 875
Aquia Creek, Va., improvement of 139; n,944
Arkansas River:
Bridge at Little Rock, Ark., constrnction of i, 425
Improvement of i,252; in, 1531
Removing obstructions in i, 251 ; in, 1529
Arthur Kill, N. Y. andN. J., improvement of i, 97, 798
Arthur, £ake. La., improvement of i, 227; ui, 1372
Ashland, Wis., improvement of harbor at i, 311 ; iv, 2023
Ashley River, S. C. :
Improvement of i, 172; ll, 1114
Removal of wreck in 1,174; ii, 1128
Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio :
Improvement of i, 376; iv,2420
Removal of wreck off i,378; iy,2426
Assateague Bay, Va. , removal of wreck off Popes Island li, 907
Assistants to the Chief of Engineers i, 444
Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad Company, bridge of i, 431
Atlantic Ocean, removal of wreck off Soutnampton, N. Y i, 82, 713
Augusta, Ga., .bridge across Savannah River near, protection of, etc i, 429
2 INDEX.
Back Covo, Portland, Mo., improvement of'channel in i, 31, 517
Bagaduco River, Me., improvement of i, 24, 498
Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad Company, bridge of i, 430
Baltimore Harbor, Md. :
Defense of i, 6, 14
Improvement of channel to i, 132 ; ii. 903
Improvement of channel to Curtis Bay i, 133; ii, 914
Sea walls at i, 14
Bar Harbor, Mo. construction of breakwater from Mount Desert to Porcupine
Island 1,23,496
Barbei'y G, (schooner), removal of wreck of iv, 2124
BarmorCf E, Jf, (steamer), removal of wreck of 1, 232 ; iii, 1383
Bamegat Light, N. J., removal of wreck oppobite i, 117 ; ir, 861
Barren River, Ky., operating and care of lock and dam on i, 302; iii, 1972
Bartholomew, Bayou, La. and Ark., improvement of 1, 242; in, 1471
Bass River, Mass., removal of wreck near i, 63, 620
Battalion of Engineers j, 17, 469
Batteries 1,5,11,12
Bay Ridge Channel, New York ilarbor, N Y., improvement of i, 91, 764
Bearsos Shoal, Mass., removal of wrecks on i, 63, 616, 617
Beaufort Harbor, N. C. :
Improvement tff i, 160; ii, 1031
Improvementof waterway between Newbem (on Nense River) and. i, 159; ii, 1030
Improvement of waterway between New River and i, 161 ; n, 1034
Beaufort River, S. C, improvement of i, 174; ii, 1125
Beaver River, Pa., dam in Ohio River below i, 287 ; in, 1870
Bedloes Island, K Y., sea wall at i, 14
Belfast Harbor, Me., improvement of f, 26, 503
Bellaire, Ohio, establishment of harbor lines in Ohio River i, 423 ; in. 1894
Bellamy River, N. H., improvement of - i . . . i, 34, 523
Benton Harbor, Mich., improvement of harbor at (St. Joseph Harbor) . i, 339 ; iv, 2192
Bergen County, N. J., construction of bridge across Passaio River at Passaic
by 1,428
Beinviud, Edith (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 152 ; ii, 987
Big Black River, Miss. :
Bridge at Hankinsons Ferry, construction of . . , i, 430
Improvementof 1,244; in, 1482
Big Hatchee River, Tenn., improvement of i, 249 ; ill, 1516
Big Pigeon Bayou, La., removal of wreck in i, 232 ; in, 1383
Big Sandy River. W. Va. and Ky. :
Improve mentiof - . i, 306; ni, 1992
Improvement of LeTisa Fork of, Ky i, 805 ; in, 2001
Improvementof Tug Fork of i, 306; in, 2002
Dig Sunflower River, Miss., improvement of i, 248 ; in, 1513
Bills for bridges, examination af i, 20
Biloxi Bay, Miss. , improvement of harbor at. . . .'. i, 216 ; n, 1325
Bilozi^Harbor, Miss., improvement of i,216; ii,1325
Black Lake Harbor, Mich., improvement of 1,343; iv,2206
Black River, Ark. and Mo., improvement of l, 254 ; in, 1555
Black River, La., improTement of h^^i in, 1455
Black River, Mich. :
Improvement'Of, at Port Huron i, 858; iv,2251
Improvement of mouth of i, 358 ; iv, 2253
Black River, N. C, improvement of i,163; 11,1042
Black River Harbor, Ohio, improvement of 1,374; iv,2405
Black Rook Harbor, Conn., improvement of i, 72, 663
Black Warrior River, Ala. :
Improvement of (below Tuscaloosa) i, 212; »i, 1311
Improvement of, between Tuscaloosa and Daniels Creek i, 211 ; ii, 1310
Block Island, R. I., improvement of harbor of refuge at i, 59, 597
Block Island Sound, R. I., removal of wreck in i, 82, 711
Blood River, La, improvementof i,221; in, 1352
Board of Engineers, The:
Members - - - i» 15
Members, additional duties of i, 16
Personal examinations ^ i, 16
Reports, summary of i, 15
Board on Fortifications or other Defenses ?. i i,4
INDEX. 3
B(Baf River, La., improvement of i, 243 ; iii, 1475
Bogne Chitto, La., improvement of i, 218 ; ii, 1331
Bogne Falia, La., improvement of i, 220 ; in, 1349
Booth Brothers (schooner), removal of wreck of i» 117 ; ii. 861
Boston, Mass., bridge across Chelsea Creek, by city of, reconstruction of . . i, 428
Boston Harbor, Mass. :
Defense of .• 1,5,6,7
Grovers Cliff, site for fortification i, 13
Improvement of.- i» 44, 549
Boy (Is Ferry, Tenn., construction of bridge across Holston River i, 427
Bradford, Mass., alteration of city bridge obstructing Merrimao River between
Haverhill and i,430
Brandy wine Creek, Del. , removal of wreck in .• i, 132 ; ii, 907
Brazoria County, Tex. :
Construction of bridge across Brazos River by i, 428
Construction of bridge across San Bernard River by i, 426
Brazos River, Tex., construction of bridge at Columbia i, 428
Brnzos Santiago, Tex., improvement of harbor at i, 237 ; in, 1413
Breakwaters built by the tlnited States, occupancy or injury of. . . i, 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
Breeze, Point, Schuylkill River, removal of wreck ,below i, 118 ; ii, 862
Bridosburg, Pa., removal of wreck in Delaware River at i, 117 ; ii, 861
Bridgeport Harbor, Conn., improvement of i, 71, 659
Bridges :
Construction of, across navigable waters i, 20, 424
Examination of bills of Congress for i, 20
Examination of plans and locations of pcoposed ly 20, 424
Obstructing navigation, action upon i, 20, 430
Brigantine Shoal, N. J., removal of wreck from i, 117 j ii, 861
Bristol County, Mass., construction of bridge across East Branch of West-
port River at Westport Point by i, 429
Broad Creek River, Del., improvement of i, 128 j ii, 897
Broadkiln River, Del., improvement of i, 123 ; ii, 883
Browns Creek, Say ville, N. Y. , improvement of i, 81, 708
Browns Ledge, Mass., removal of wreck near i, 63, 619
Brunswick Harbor, Ga. :
Improvement of '. 1,180; ii, 1187
Improvement of outer bar at i, 180; ii, 1193
Buffalo, N. Y. :
Improvement of channels in connecting waters of Great Lakes between
Chicago, Duluth, and i,361; iv,2261
Improvement of harbor at i, 380; iv, 2438
Buffalo Bayou, Tex. :
Bridge at Houston, construction of i, 428
Improvement of i, 237 ; in, 1409
Burlington Harbor, Vt., improvement of i, 390; iv, 2496
Buttermilk Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 90, 761
C.
Cable galleries i;6
Cache River, Ark., improvement of i, 254 ; in, 1554
Cahaba River, Ala., improvement of i, 209; ii, 1298
Calcasieu River, La., improvement of mouth and passes of i, 228 ; in, 1373
California:
Department of, report of engineer officer i, 443; vi, 3453
Hydraulic mining and mini^^g ddbris in i, 421 ; vi, 3169
California Ddbris Commission i, 421 ; \i, 3169
Caloosahatchee River, Fla. , improvement of i, 190 ; ii, 1233
Calumet Harbor, 111., improvement of i, 332 ; iv, 2138
Calumet River, 111. and Ind. :
Bridge at South Chicago, alteration of i. 430
Bridge at South Chicago, construction of 1, 425
Improvement of \ i, 333; iv, 2143
Cambridge, Md., construction of bridge across Cambridge Harbor at i, 429
Cambridge Harbor, Md. :
Construction of bridge across, at Cambridge i, 429
Improvement of i, 128; n, 895
Comden Harbor, Mo., improvement of i, 26, 505
Camden Harbor, N. J. :
Establishment of harbor lines i, 423 ; n, 864
Improvement of 1,108,110; n, 827,836
4 INDEX.
Canals, etc. :
Allegheny River, construction of dam at Herr Island, P&r i, 292 ; iii, 1918
Barren and Green rivers, Ky., operating and care of locks and dams
on 1,302; iii, 1972
Big Sandy River, construction of lock and dam near Louisa, Ky. i, 305; i:i, 1992
Chincotcagne Bay, construction of teihporary bridge across canal connect-
ing Delaware Bay and i, 430
Clubfoot and Harlowe Canal, improvement of waterway via i, 159; ii, 1030
Columbia River, Oreg., construction of Cascades Canal i, 415 ; i v, 2645
Coosa River, Ga. and Ala., operating and care of locks and dams on . i, 208 ; ii, 1297
Cumberland River, Tenn. and Ky., construction of locks an<l dams
on 1.278; in, 1804
Fox RivjCT and canal, Wis., construction of bridge across, at De Pcre i, 427
Fox River and canal, Wis., construction of bridge across, at Kaukauna i, 427
Fox River, Wis., construction of bridge across lock of canal at Little Chute, i, 429
Fox River, Wis., operating and care of locks and dams on i, 330 ; iv, 2111
Galena River, 111., operating and care of i, 263 ; in, 1691
Great Kanawha River, W. Va., construction of locks and dams on. i, 297 ; in, 1951
Great Kanawha River, W. Va., operating and care of locks and dams
on 1,299; in, 1962
Green River, Ky ., construction of Lock No. 5 1, 302 ; ill, 1971
Green River, Ky., reconstruction of Lock No. 2 at Rumsey i, 302 ; in, 1968
Green and Barren rivers, Ky., operating and care of locks and dams
on 1,302; in, 1972
Illinois and Mississippi Canal, 111., construction of i, 336 ; iv, 2162
Illinois River, 111., operating and care of La Grange and Kampsville locks
and dams i, 335; iv, 2159
Kentucky River, Ky., construction of locks and dams on i, 303; iii, 1980
Kentucky River, Ky., operating and care of looks and dams on., i, 304; in, 1983
Keweenaw Point, Mich., improvement of wat-erway from Lake Superior
to Keweenaw Bay i, 312; iv,2029
Keweenaw Point, Mich., operating and care of waterway from Lake
Superior to Keweenaw Bay i, 313 ; i v, 2029
Little Kanawha River, W. Va., operating and care of lock and dam
on 1,307; in,2C07
Mississippi River, construction of locks and dams between Minneapolis
and St. Paul, Minn ni, 1640, 1681
Mississippi River, operating and care of Des Moines Rapids Canal and drv
dock ? 1,263; in, 1684
Monougahela River, construction of locks and dams on i, 290 ; ui, 1903
Mouoiigahela River, operating and care of locks and dams Nos. 8 *
and 9 i, 291 ; in, 1908
Monougahela River, purchase of Lock and Dam No. 6 i, 291 ; in, 1911
Monongahela River, purchase of Lock and Dam No. 7 I, 291 ; ill, 1911
Muskingum River, Ohio, operating and caro of locksaud dams on i, 289 ; in, 1876
Ohio River, below Beaver River, Pa., construction of dam I, 287 ; ni, 1870
Ohio River, location of Dam No. 2 1,287
Ohio River, operating and care of Davis Island Dam i, 2RB7 ; in, 1867
Ohio River, operating and care of Louisville and Portland Canal 1,295; in, 1935
St. Clair Flats Canal.. Mich., improvement of r, 365 ; I v, 2371
St. Clair Flats Canal, Mich., operating and car^ of i,366; iv, 2373
St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich., operating and care of i, 363 ; iv, :S67
St. Marys Falls Canal. Mich., water levels 1,441; vi, 3319, 3430
Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship Gaattl, Wis., improvement
of 1,319; IV, 2056
Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, W^s., improvement of harbor
of refuge at eastern entrance i, 321 ; i v, 2062
Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, Wis., operating and care
of 1,320; IV, 2058
Tennessee River, operating and ciire of Muscle Shoals Canal 1, 284; in, 1828
Canapitsit Channel, Mass., improvement of i, 54, 584
Canarsie Bay, N. Y., improvement of 1, 96, 795
Caney Fork River, Tenn., improvement of i, 282; in, 1818
Cape Ann, Mass., improvement of harbor of refuge at Sandy Bay i, ^, 536
Cape Charles, Va., removal of wrecks off i, 152 ; ii, 987
Cape Cliarlcs City,Va., improvement of harbor and approaches at i, 131 ; n, 904
Cape Fear (North East) River, N. C, improvement of 1, 163 ; ii, 1040
Cape F'ear River, N. C. :
Improvement of, above Wilmington i, 164 ; n^ 1044
Improvement of, at and below Wilmington i, 164 ; ii, 1047
Removal of wrecks in and near month of i, 168; ii, 1066
^
INDEX. 5
Cape Hatteras, N. C, removal of wreck near i, 168 ; ii, 1065
Cape Lookout light-house, removal of wrecks near i, 168 ; ii, 1065
Carabelle, Tallahaasee and Georgia Kailroad Company, bridge of i, 431
Carriages, disappearing i> 5, 12
Cascades Canal, Columbia River, Oreg., construction of i, 415 ; iv, 2645
Casemates, mining i, 6
Cedar Bayou, Tex., improvement of i, 236 ; ill, 1405
Cedar Keys, Fla., improvement of harbor at t i, 194 ; ii, 1244
Cedar Ri vey Harbor, Mich., improvement of I, 315 ; iv, 2043
Champlain, Lake:
Breakwater at Ronse Point, N. Y i,390; iv,2492
Improvement of Narrows of i, 392 ; iv, 2499
Charles, Cape, Va. , removal of wrecks at V 152 ; ii, 987
Charles River, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, 44, 552
Charleston Harbor, S. C. :
Bridge obstructing cove at Sullivans Island, alteration of i, 431
Defense of 1, 6
Improvement of i, 172 ; ii, 1101
Removal of wreck in i, 174; if, 1128
Sullivans Island, site for fortification i, 13
Charlevoix Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 352; iv, 2233
Charlotte Harbor, Fla., improvement of i, 191 ; ii, 1236
Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 383 ; ii, 2455
Charts, Northern and Northwestern Lakes, correcting, printing, and issuing
of 1,438,440; vi, 3315
Chatham, Mass., removal of wreck near i, 62, 611
Chatham Bar, Mass., removal of wreck ftom !» 49, 568
Chatham Harbor, Mass. :
Improvement of i» 49, 566
Removal of wrecks off i, 49, 568
Chatham lights, Mass., removal of wreck near i, 63, 618
Chatham Roads (Old), Mass., removal of wreck in i, 63, 613
Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Ala. :
Improvement of 1, 200 ; ii, 1258
Improvement of, between West Point and Franklin, Ga i, 201 ; ii, 1261
Cheat River, W. Va., improvement of i, 291 ; ill, 1911
Cheboygan Harbor, Mien., improvement of 1, 353 ; iv, 2239
Chefuucte River, La., improvement of i, 220 ; ill, 1349
Chehalis River, Wash. :
Improvement of 1, 411 ; i v, 2604
Improvement of Grays Harbor and i, 410 ; iv, 2597
Chelsi'a Creek, Mass., reconstruction of bridge at Boston 1, 428
Chesapeake Bay, removal of wrecks in i, 132, 152 ; ii, 906, 987
Chester River, Md., improvement of, from Crumpton to Jones Lauding, i, 125 ; ii, 889
Chicago, 111. :
Bridge across Chicago River between Jackson and Van Buren streets, con-
struction of ♦. 1, 427
Bridge east of Wells street, across Chicago River, construction of 1, 428
Bridge east of Wells street bridge, across Chicago River, constmction of. 1,429
Bridge of city across Chicago River at Van Buren street, reconstruction of. i, 427
Improvement of channels in connecting waters of Great Lakes between
Duluth, Buffalo, and i,361; iv,2261
Improvement of harbor of 1, 331 ; iv, 2127
Chicago River, 111. :
Bridge across South Branch of, at Van Buren street, reconstruction of i, 427
Bridge across South Brandh of, between Jackson and Van Bnren streets,
construction of i, 427
Bridge east of Wells street bridge, Chicago, construction of i, 429
Bridge east of Wells street, Chicago, construction of 1, 428
Chicago (South), 111. :
Alteration of bridge across Calumet River i, 430
Construction of bridge across Calumet River i, 425
Chickahominy River, Va., improvement of i, 149 ; ii, 980
Chickasahay River, Miss., improvement of i, 215 ; ii, 1322
Chief of Engineers, Office of the i, 444
Chincoteagne Bay :
Bridge (temporary) across canal counecting Delaware Bay and, construc-
tion of 1,430
Improvement of inland waterway from Delaware Bay near Lewes to. i, 123 ; ii, 884
Chipola River, Fla., improvement of i, 197 ; ii, 125?
6 INDEX.
«
Chippewa River, Wis. :
Improvement of 1,266; iii, 1718
Reservoirs at sources of, surveys for lu, 1736
Chitto, Bogue, La., improvemeut ot 1,218; ii, 1331
ChoctAwbatcUee River, Fla. aud Ala., improvement of i,}i02; ii, 1263
Cliopt-ank River, Md., improvement of : i, 126; ii,891
Christiana River, Del. :
Improvement of Wilmington Harbor i, 118; u,870
Removal of wreck in ^ 132 ; ii, 906
Chnrchills Ferry, Texas, construction of bridge across San Bernard River i,426
Cincinnati, Ohio, examination and snrvey for ice harbors at mouths of Craw-
fish a^d Mill creeks i,2^9; in, 1890
Clark River, S. C, improvement of i, 170 ; ii, 1079
Clarke County, Wash., construction of bridge across East Fork of Lewis
River by i,428
Clarice f David (steamer), removal of wreck of i, 182 ; ii, 1209
Clendennin, W. Va., construction of bridge across Elk River 1, 429
Cleveland Harbor, Ohio, improvement of i, 375 ; iv, 2409
Clinch River, Tenn., improvement of i, 277 ; in, 1801
Clinton Harbor, Conn., improvement of i, ^, 640
Clinton River, Mich., improvement of i . . i, 359 ; iv, 22&4
Clubfoot and Harlowe Canal, N. C, improvemeut of waterway via. .. i, 159; ii, 1030
Clubfoot River, N. C, improvemeut of waterway via i, 159; ii, 1090
Cocheco River, N. H., improvement of i, 34, 524
Cot<, W, W, (steamer), removal of wreck of i, 145 ; ii, 971
Colorado River, at Yuma, Ariz., improvement of i, 3897; iv, 2521
Columbia, Department of the, report of engineer officer i, 443 ; vi, 3452
Columbia, Tex., construction of bridge across Brazos River at i, 428
Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash. :
Construction of Cascades Canal '. i, 415 ; iv, 2645
Examination for improvement between Three Mile Rapida and Celilo
Falls 1,418; iv,2664
Gauging 1,418; iv,2664
Improvement of, between Rock Island Rapids and Priest Rapids . i, 409 : i v, 2593
Improvement of, between Vancouver and Willamette River i, 414 ; i v, 2643
Improvement of mouth of i, 413; iv, 2631
Improvement of Snake River and upper part of i, 408 ; i v, 2590
Improvement of Willamette River and, below Portland i, 416; i v, 2654
Common Flats, Old Chatham Roads, Mass., removal of wreck on if 63, 613
Conipton Creek, N. J., improvement of ^ - * . i, 105, 818
Conecuh River, Ala., improvement of i, 204 ; ii, 1275
Congaree River, 8. C, improvement of i, 171 ; ii, 1092
Conneaut Harbor, Ohio, improvement of i, 377 ; iv, 2423
Connecticut River, Mass. and Conn. :
Improvement of i, 65, 630
Improvement of, above Hartford i, 65, 630
Improvement of, below Hartford - * * » i, 66, 632
Contentnia Creek, N. C. :
Bridge near Grifton, construction of i, 426
Improvement of i, 157 ; ii, 1022
Contingencies, examinations, and surveys of rivers and harbors, estimates for. 1, 419
Coos Bay and Harbor, Oreg., improvement of i, 403 ; iv, 2561
Coosa River, Ga. and Ala. :
Improvement of 1, 206 ; ii, 1285
Improvement of, between Rome, Ga., and East Tennessee, Virginia and
Georgia Railroad bridge 1, 207 ; ii, 1286
Improvemeut of, between Wetumpka, Ala., and East Tennessee, Virginia
and Georgia Railroad bridge 1, 2C8; ii, 1291
Operating and care of locks and dams on -. 1, 208; ii, 1297
Coquillo River, Oreg. :
Improvement of, at the entrance i, 402 ^ i v, 2553
Improvement of, between Coquille City and Myrtle Point 1*403; iv,2558
Comey, Bayou, La., improvement ^f * I, 242 ; ill, 1468
Corporatious, occupancy or injury of public structures by i, 20, 431; VI, 3189
Corps of Engineers :
Number of officers ** 1,3
Changes during the year. ...* * ** i, 3
Distribution of officers ». 1,3,444
Laws of Fifty-third Congress, second session, affecting the. . ..-...> vi, 3455
• Officers detached.--.. ...... ---^... ........ *..^.... *..» i,4
INDEX. 7
Cos Cob Harbor, Conn., improvement of i, 75, 681
Courtablemi, Bayoa, La., improvement of : i, 225 ; iii, 1365
tUow Bayou, Tex., construction of britlgo of Orange County across i, 426
Cowlitz River, Wash., improvement of i, 417; iv, 2662
CrawiisU Creek, Cincinnati, Ohio, oxamihatiou and survey for ice harbor at
monthof i, 289; in, 1890
Creighton Bridge Company, bridge of i, 428
Creighton, Pa., construction of bridge across Allegheny River i, 428
Cross-over Light, St. Lawrence River, N. Y., improvement of shoals
near i,389; iv,2489
Cumberland River, Tenn. andlCy. :
Construction of locks and dams on 19 278; in, 1804
Improvement of i, 278 ; ill, 1804
Improvement of, above Nashville, Tenn' i, 279 ; in, 18D7
Improvement of, below Nashville, Tenn i, 278 ; in, 1805
Cumberland Sound, Ga., improvement of i, 181 ; 11, 1200
Current River, Ark. and Mo., improvement of 1 I, 254
Currituck Sound, N. C, improvement of waterway through i» 151 ; n, 983
Curtis Bay, Md., improvement of channel to 1, 133 ; 11, 914
Cushings Island, Me., site for fortification i, 13
Cut-off, Apalachicola River, Fla. , improvement of i, 197 ; 11, 1252
Cuttyhunk, Mass., removal of wreck near i, 63, 619
D.
Dams and locks. See Canals.
D*Arbonne Bayou, La., impTOwment of i, 242 ; in, 1468
Darien Harbor, Ga., improvement of i, 177 ; n, 1166
Davids Island, N. Y., sea wall and embankment at i, 14
Davis Island Dam, Ohio River, operating and care of i, 287 ; in, 1867
Defenses. 5ee Fortifications.
De Guerre Point, Cal., construction of dam in Yuba River at i, 421 ; vi, 3174
Delaware Bay :
Bridge (temporary) across canal connecting Chincoteagne Bay and, con-
stmt^ion of i, 430
Ice harbor at head of, improvement of i, 112 ; 11, 849
Inland-waterway from Chincoteagne Bay, Va., tb, near Lewes, improve-
mentof i,l^; ii,884
Pier at Lewes, Del., construction of i, 113; 11, 850
Wreck, removal of 11, 862
Delaware Breakwater, Del., improvement of i, 114 ; 11, 852
T)elawaro River, N. J. and Pa. :
At Camden, N. J., improvement of 1, 108, 110; 11, 827, 836
At Philadelphia, Pa., improvement of 1, 108, 110 ; 11, 827, 836
Between Philadelphia and Camden, improvement of if 110 ; n, 836
Harbor lines at Philadelphia and Camden, establishment of 1, 423; 11, 864
Ico harbor at Marcus Hook, Pa., improvement of i, 112 ; n, 848
Improvement of 1, 108 ; ii, 827
MitHin, Fort, Pa., sale of Government land in vicinity of i, 461
Wrecks, removal of 1,117,118; n, 861, 862
De Pcre, Wis., construction of bridge across Fox River and canal by city of., i, 427
Depot, engineer "... i, 18, 474
Des Moines Rapids Canal and dry dock, Mississippi River, operating and
care of 1,263; in, 1684
Des Moines Rapids, Mississippi River, improvement of i, 263 ; in, 1683
Detroit River, Mich., improvement of i, 367 ; iv, 2376 '
Disappearing carriages -. I7 5, 12
District of Columbia :
Great Falls, Potomac River, use of water power for electric lighting. .. vi, 3256
Public buildings and grounds 1,435; vi.326o
Washington aqueduct .1, 432; vi, 3193
Washington monument i, 435; vi, 32(»7
Water supply of Washington, D. C, increasing i, 434 ; vi, 322*J
DiWsiou engineers i, 2x)
Divisions, engineer 1, 20
Dog River, Ala., construction of bridge across i, 420
Dorchester County, Md., construction of bridge across Cambridge Harbor at
Cambridge by I, 429
Poir, Mary E, H. G, (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 162 ; 11, 987
Duck Island Harbor, Conn., imjirovement of harbor of refuge at 1, 67, 638
{
8 INDEX.
Duluth, Minn.:
Improvement of channels in connecting waters of Great Lakes between
Buffalo, Chicago, and 1,361; iv,2261
Improvement ot narbor at * I, 309 ; iv, 2014
Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 379 ; iv, 2434
J )unnellon, Fla., construction of bridge across Withlacoochee River i, 429
E.
Eaglo Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 312 ; iv, 2028
East Chester Creek, N. Y., improvement of 1, 77, 688
East Liverpool Bridge Company, bridge of i, 425
East Liverpool, Ohio, construction of bridge across Ohio River i, 425
East River, N. Y. :
Improvement of i, 87. 751
Removal of wrecks off Sunken Meadow i, 95, 785, 786
Eastern Branch of Potomac River. See Anacostia River.
Edgartown, Marthas Vineyard, Mass., improvement of inner harbor at i, 51, 576
Edisto River, S. C, improvement of i, 173 ; ii, 1119
Elizabeth River, N. J. :
Improvement of 1, 100, 804
Removal of wrecks in 1, 108, 823
Elizabeth River, Va., bridge across Western Branch of, betweeu West Norfolk
and Port Norfolk, construction of i, 429
Elk River, Md., improvement of i, 124 ; ii, 888
Elk River, W. Va. :
Bridge at Clendennln, constniction of 1, 429
Improvement of. i, 299 ; iii, 1963
Embankments i, 14
Emplacements for guns and mortars i* 5, 11
Enchantress (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 168 ; ii, 1065
Engineer depot 1, 18, 474
Engineer divisions 1, 20
Engineer School, United States i, 17, 468
Engineers, battalion of it 17, 469
Engineers, Corps of. See Corps of EngineerSi
Engineers, division 1,20
Engineers, Office of the Chief of i, 444
Engineers, The Board of:
Members 1, 15
Members, a(Mitional duties of , i, 16
Personal examinations i, 16
Reports, summary of i, 15
Enterprise (canal boat), removal of wreck of i, 118 ; ii, 862
Erie Harbor, Pa. :
Improvement of i, 378 ; i v, 2427
Preservation of Presque Isle Peninsula 1, 379 ; I v, 2433
Erie, Lake :
See also Northern and Northwestern Lakes.
Removal of wreck off Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio 1, 378 ; iv, 2426
Water levels i,441: vi, 3430, 3431
Escambia River, Fla., improvement of i, 2(>4 ; ii, 1275
Essex River, Mass., improvement of I, ^, 536
Estimates :
California Debris Commission vi, 3175
Engineer depot i, 19
Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors i, 419
l'*ortiii cations 1, 5, 15
Great Falls, Potomac River, erection of fish ways at 1, 435
Maps, publication of 1, 443
Mississippi River Commission i, 421
Mi8s<»uri River Commission i, 421
New York Harbor, supervision of 1, 420
Northern and Northwestern Lakes i, 441
Public buildings and grounds, and Washington monument, District of
Columbia i,437
Rivers and harbors 1, 19
Surveys and reconnaissances and publication of maps 1,443
Washington aqueduct 1,434
Washington, D. C, increasing water supply of 1,435
Yellowstone National Park, roads and bridges in i, 442
INDEX. 9
Everett Harbor, Wash. :
Establishment of harbor lines i, 424 ; iv, 2627
Improvement of iv, 2623
Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors, estimates for. i, 413
Explorations, reconnaissances, and surveys in military departments., i, 449; vi, 3451
F.
Fairleo Creek, Md., improvement of i, 125 ; ii, 888
Fairport Harbor, Ohio, improvement of i, 376 ; i v, 2414
Falia, Bogiie, Fla., imjirovemeut of i, 220; ui, 1349
Falls of Ohio River :
Improvement of, Louisville, Ky i, 293; ill, 1929
Improvement of Indiana Chute i, 295; ill, J933
Fai-nsworth, G. M, (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 63, 613
Faulkners Island, Long Island Sound, removal of wreck near i, 82, 712
Feather Kiver, Cal. :
Improvement of 1,399; iv,2533
Improvement of, and tributaries i, 421 ; vi, 3174
Fernandina, Fla., improvement of inside route between Savannah, Ga.,
and 1,182; ii, 1206
Fishing Creek, N. C, improvement of i, 156 ; ii, 1018
Fish ways at Great Falls of Potomac River, erection of i, 435 ; vi, 3J^4
Five Mile River Harbor, Conn., improvement of 1, 74, 674
Flint River, Ga., improvement of i, 198 ; ii, 1255
Flood Rock (U. S. dredge), removal of wreck of 1, 95, 785
Flushing Bay., N. Y., improvement of 1, 80, 703
Forked Deer River, Tenn., improvement of i, 250 ; ill, 1519
Fort Point Channel, Mass. See Boston Harbor.
Fortifications:
Allotments 1,6, 12
Appropriations i, 5
Board .on, or other defenses 1, 4
Estimates *. i, 5, 15
Preservation and repair of 1, 12
Projects 1, 5
Sites for, acquisition of i, 13
Fourche Le Fevro River, Ark., improvement of i, 252 ; iii, 1544
Fowl River, Ala., construction of bridge across 1,426
Fox River, Wis. :
Bridge at De Pere, construction of 1,427
Bridge at Kaukauna across river and canal, construction of i, 427
Improvement of i, 329 ; iv, 2103
Operating and care of locks and dams on i, 330 ; iv, 2111
Frankfort Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 351 ; I v, 2230
Franklin (schooner), removal of wreck of 1, 63, 616
French Broad River, Tenn., improvement of I, 276 ; iii, 1797
Galena River, 111., operating and care of i, 263 ; iii, 1691
Galleries, cable i, 6
Galveston Bay, Tex. :
Improvement of channel in West Galveston Bay i, 235 ; iii, 1399
Improvement of ship channel in i, 234 ; iii, 1396
Galveston Harbor, Tex., improvement of entrance to i, 233 ; in, 1389
Gasconade River, Mo., improvement of i, 259; ill, 1617
Gauley River, W. Va., improvement of i, 300; in, 1964
Gedney Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., removal of wreck in i, 95, 785
General Grant (canal boat), removal of wreck of i, 117, ii, 861
Genesee River, N. Y. See Charlotte Harbor.
George, Lake, Fla., improvement of Volusia Bar at head of i, 186 ; ii, 1220
Georgetown Harbor, S. C, improvement of i, 166 ; n, 1057
Georgia, improvement of inside waterway along coast of i, 182; n, 1206
Gila River, Ariz., improvement of) at Yuma 1,397; iv, 2521
Gills Landing, Wis., construction of bridge across Wolf River i, 427
Glen Cove Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 79, 700
Gloucester Harbor, Mass., improvement of : 1, 40, 539
Gonsoulin, Adrien, bridge of -. i, 429
Goodyear, C. P., improvement of outer bar at Brunswick, Ga., by.. . i, 180; ii, 1193
10 INDEX*
Goshen Creek, N. J., improycmciit of if 117 ; ii, ^59
Govornors Island, N. Y., sea wall and embankment at ^ . : . i, 14
Gowanns Baj', N. Y., improvement of j, 91, 764
Gowanns Creek Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improTement of i, 91, 764
Grand Haven Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 343; iv, 220S
Gran«l Lake, La., improvement of i, 227 ; iii, 1372
Grand Marais, Mich., improvement of harbor of refuge at i, 314 ; iv, 2037
Grand Marais, Minn., improvement of harbor at i, 308 ; iv, 2009
Grand River, La. : .
Improvement of : i»224; ill, 1361
Removal of wreck in i, 232; m, 1383
Grand River, Ohio. See Fairport Harbor.
Granty General (canal boat), removal of wreck of 1, 117 ; ii, 861
Grays Harbor, Wash., improvement of 1, 410 ; iv, ^97
Great Chazy River, N. Y., improvement of i, 390 ; iv, 2493
Great Falls, Potomac River:
Erection of fishways at i»435; vi,3234
Use of water power of, for electric lighting vi, 3256
Great Kanawha River, W. Va. :
Improvement of i, 297 ; iii, 1951
0]»crating and care of locks and dams on 1, 299; iii. 1962
Great Lakes :
See also Northern and Northwestern Lakes.
Improvement of channels in connecting waters of, between Chicago,
Duluth,and BuflTalo.... i,361; iv.2261
Raft-towing on, and connecting waters i, 368 ; iv, 2378
Great Pedeo River, S. C.^ improvement of i, 170; H, 1076
Great Sodns Bay, N. Y., improvement of harbor at i, 385 ; iv, 2464
Green liay. Wis., water levels i, 441 ; vi, 3430
Green Bay Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 318; iv, 2053
Green f George G, (schooner), removal of .wreck of i, 168 ; n, 1065
Green Jacket Shoal, Providence River, R. I., removal of i, 57, 592
Gyeen River, Ky. :
Improvement of, above mouth of Big Barren River (Lock No. 5). ;,302; iii, 1971
Operating and care of locks and dams on ^ i, 302; in, 1972
Reconstructiou of Lock No. 2, at Rumsey i, 302 ; iii, 1968
Gn enport Harbor, N. Y. :
Establishment of harbor lines i, 422, 716
Im]>rovcment of i, 78, 692
Griftoii, N. C, constrnction of bridge across Contentnia Creek near i, 426
Grossopoint Channel, Mich., improvement of i, 366 ; iv, 2376
Grovcrs Clift*, Mass., site for fortification i, 13
Gun batteries 1,5,11,12
Gun emplacements i, 5
Gnn platforms ^ i, 12
Guyandotte River, W. Va., improvement of J, 306; in, 2004
H.
Hampton Roads, Va., defense of i, 6, 10
Handkerchief light-ship, Mass., removal of wreck near i, 62, 612
Handkerchief Shoal, Mass., removal of wreck in slough of i, 62, 608
Hankinsoiis Ferry, Miss., construction of bridge across Big Black River i, 430
Harbor 1 ines, establishment of * i, 20, 422
Alameda Harbor, Cal i, 424 ; iv, 2505
Delaware River, Pa. and N. J 1,423; n,864
Everett Harbor, Wash i,424; iv.2627
Green port Harbor, N. Y 1,422,716
Harlem .River, N.Y 1,422,786
Missouri River, Kans. and Mo 1, 423 ; vi, 3159
Napa River, Cal 1,424; iv,2522
Niagara River, N. Y 1,424; iv,2452
Oakland Harbor, Cal 1.424; iv, 2503, 2506
Oconto Harbor, Wis I,v424; iv,2124
Ohio River, Ohio i,423; in, 1894
Patchogne River, N. Y 1,422,719
St..Joseph Harbor,Mich i,424: iv.2258
San Francisco Bay, Cal i,424; iv,2505,2506
Shrewsbury River. N. J . . . . . .' , i, 423. 823
Superior Bay, Wis : 1,423; iv,2039
Westchester Creek, N.Y 1,423,790
INDEX. 1 1
«
Harbors nnd rivers, ^e Rivers and barbors.
Harlem River, N. Y. :
Improvement of , - . - . , * . i, 86, 741
Modiiicntiou of barbor lines i, 422, 786
Harlowo and Clubfoot Canal. N. C, improvement of waterway via. .. 1, 159; ii, 1030
Harlowo River, N. C, improvement of waterway via i, 159 ; ii, 1030
Harrasceket River, Me., improvement of 1, 29, 512
Hartford, Conn. : •
Improvement of Connecticut River above h^* ^30-
Improvement of Connecticut River below 1, 66, 632
Hattcras, Cape, N. C, removal of wreck near i, 168 ; ii, 1065
Haverhill, Mass., alteration of city bridge obstructing Merriroac River between
Bradford and i,430
Havre do Grace, Md., improvement of Susquehanna River in vicinity of, i, 124; ii, 886
Hoy Lake Channel, St. Marys River, Mich., improvement of i, 364; iv, 2367
Hell Gate, East River, N. Y., improvement off i, 87, 751
Hempstead, N. Y., construction of bridge actosa Nortons Creek by town of i, 427
Henlopen City, Del., construction of temporary bridge near, across canal
conpoctiug Chiucoteague and Delaware baj^s i, 430
Herr Island, Pa., construction of dam in Allegheny River at i, 292 ; iii, 1918
Hillsborough River, Fla., construction of bridge at Tampa i, 426
Milton^ J, U. (canal boat), removal of wreck of i, 132 ; ii, 906
Hingham Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, 46, 557
Hiwassee River, Tenn., improvement of i, 275 ; iii, 1795
Holland (Black Lake) Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 343 ; iv, 2206
Holston River, Tenn., construction of bridge at Boyds Ferry, near Knoxville.. i, 427
HopkinSf L. F, (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 63, 620
Horseshoe, the, Chesapeake Bay, removal of wreck on i, 152 ; ii, 987
Honsatonic Hiver, Conn., improvement of 1, 71, 654
Houston, Tex., construction of bridge across Buffalo Bayou by city of i, 428
Hudson (barge), removal of wreck of ii, 907
Hudson River, N. Y., improvement of i, 83, 723
Humboldt Harbor and Bay, Cal., improvement of i, 401 ; iv, 2540
Huntington Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 79, 698
Huron Harbor, Ohio, improvement of i, 372 ; 'v, 2400
Huron, Lake:.
See aUo Northern and Northwestern Lakes. >
Harbor of refuge at Sand Beach, Mich i, 356: iv, 2247
Water levels i,441; vi, 3319, 3430
Hyannis, Mass., improvement of harbor of refuge at i, 50, 571
Hyannis Harbor, Mass., removal of wrecks in i, 63, 614, 615, 616
Hydraulic mining in California « i, 421 ; vi, 3196
»
I.
Illinois and Mississippi Canal, 111., construction of i, .336 ; iv, 2162^
niinois River, 111. :
Impro%'ement of i, 334 ; i v, 2159
Ox>eratiug and care of La Grange and Kampsville locks and dams . i, 335 ; \\% 2159
Indian River, Fla., improvement ot 1, 188 ; ii, 1226
Indiana Chute, Falls of Ohio River, improvement of i, 295 ; lu, 1933
Individuals, occupancy or injury of public structures by i» 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
Inj nry to structures built by the United States i, 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
Inland waterways. See Waterways.
Inside routes, waterways, etc. See Waterways.
Ipswich River, Mass., improvement of i, 38, 534
J.
Jamaica Bay, N. Y., improvement of, i, 93, 779
James River, Va., improvement of 1, 133 ; ii, 915
Jeffreys Pi>int Channel, Mass. See Boston Harbor. •
Joky 1 Creek, Ga., improvement of i, 181 ; ii, 1197
Judith, Point, R. I., improvement of harbor of refuge at i, 58, 596
Julia (vessel), removal of wreck of i, 62, 610
Juliette (vessel), removal of wreck of 1,62,610
K.
Kampsville lock and dam, Illinois River, 111., operating and care of., i, 335; iv, 2159
Kanawha County, W. Va., conatntction of bridge across Elk River at Clen-
dcnuin by 1, 429
1 2 INDEX,
Kansas City, Kans., efltablishmfliit af harbor lines i, 423 ; vi, 3159
Kansas City, Mo., establishment of harbor lines 1, 423 ; vi, 3159
Kaskaskia River, III., improvement of 1, 260 ; ill, 1624
Kaukauua, Wis.:
Construction of bridge across Fox River and canal by city of i, 427
Construction of bridge across lock of canal at Little Chute by city of i, 429
EeUeijy John P. (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 62, 612
Kennebec River, Me., improvement of i, 28, 508
Kenosha Harbor, Wis., improvement of I, 327 ; iv, 2097
Kensington Rapid Transit Bridge Company, bridge of i, 428
Kent Island, Chesapeake Bay, removal of wreck off i, 132 ; ii, 906
Kent (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 117; ii,861
Kentucky River, Ky. :
Improvement of i, 303 ; iii, 1980
Operating and care of locks and dams on i, 304; iii, 1983
Kewaunee Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 322 ; iv, 2066
Keweenaw Bay, Mich., waterway across Keweenaw Point from Lake Sunerior
to:
Improvement of i, 312 ; iv, 2029
Operating and care of i, 313; iv,2029
Keweenaw Point, Mich., waterway across:
Improvement of i, 312; iy,2029
Operating and care of i, 313 ; i v, 2029
Key West Harbor, Fla., improvement of northwest entrance^ l, 189; ii, 1290
Keyport Harbor, N. J., improvement of... i, 104,815
Kingston Harbor, Mass.^ improvement of i, 47, 562
Klaskiiine River, Oreg., improvement of i, 418 ; i v, 2663
Knox County, Tenn., construction of bridge across Holston River by i, 427
Knoxville, Teun., construction of bridge across Holston River near i, 427
La Center, Wash., construction of bridge across East Fork of Lewis River.... ],49B
Lafourche, Bayou, La., improvement of 1, 223 ; ill, 1^
La Grange lock and dam, Illinois River, 111., operating and care of. .. i, 335; iv, 2160
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Company, bridge of i, 425
Lake Street Elevated Railroad Company, bridge of i, 43B
Lakes, Great. See Great Lakes and Northern and Northwestern Lakes.
Lakes, Northern and Northwestern. See Northern and Northwestern Lakes.
Larchmont Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 77, 686
La Trappe River, Md., improvement of i, 126; u, 892
Laws of Fifty-third Congress, second session, affecting^Corps of Engineers, vi, 3455
Lea, Charles (tugboat), removal of wreck of .' i, 132 ; ii, 906
Leaf River, Miss., improvement of i, 216 ; n, l^S
Leon (tug), removal of wreck of i, 182 ; ii, 1209
Levisa Fork of Big Sandy River, Ky., improvement of i, 305 ; iii, 2001
Lewes, Del. :
Construction of pier at i, 113; ii, 850
Improvement uf inland waterway from Chincoteagne Bay, Va., to Delaware
Bay near i, 123; ii, 884
Lewis River, Wash., construction of bridge at La Center.- across East Fork of. . i, 498
Licking River, Ky., improvement of, between Farmers And West Lib-
erty 1, 304; III, 1992
Little Chute, Wis., construction of bridge across lock of canal at i, ^i9
Little Harbor. N. H. , improvement of harbor of refuge at i, 35, 527
Little Kanawna River, W. Va. :
Improvement of 1,307; III, 2066
Operating and care of lock and dam on 1, 307 ; ill, 2007
Little Pedeo River, 8. C, improvement of 1, 169; 11,1074
Little Pigeon River, Tenn., improvement of i»277; ill, 1880
Little Rock, Ark., construction of bridge across Arkansas River i, 485
Little Rock Bridge and Terminal Railwav Company, bridge of 1, 425
Little Sodus Bay, N. Y., improvement of harbor at i, 386 ; i v, 2470
Liverpool (East), Ohio, qonstruction of bridge across Ohio River i, ^5
Livingston Point, Ky ., preservation of i, 275 ; ui, 1?I2
Locks nnd dams. See Canals.
Lockwoods Folly River, N. C, improvement of i, 166; ii, 1056
Logstown, Pa., removal of wrecks in Ohio River at i, 289; ui, 1889
INDEX. 13
Long {aland, channel between Nixs Mate and. See Boston Harbor, Mass.
Lonjy; Island Souml, removal of wrecks iu i, 82, 712, 714
Lon^ Sand Shoal, Lon<; Island Sound, removal of wreck near i, 82, 714
Lookout, Cape, light- house, removal of wrecks near 1, 168 ; ii, 1065
Loreauville, La. , construction of bridge across Bayou Teche near i, 429
Louisa, Ky., construction of lock and dam in Big Sandy River near., i, 305; iii, 1992
Louisville and Portland Canal, Ohio River, operating and care of i, 295; iii, 1935
Louisville, Ky., Falls of Ohio River at:
Improvement of i, 293; in, 1929
Improvement of Indiana Chute 1, 295 ; in, 1933
Operating and care of Louisville and Portland Canal i, 295: in, 1935
Lower Chipola Ri ver, Fla., improvement of 1, 197 ; ii, 1252
Lower Machodoo Creek, Va. , improvement of i, 141 ; ii, 950
Lubee Channel, Me., improvement of i, 21, 491
Ludington Harbor, Mich., improvement of 1, 348 ; i v, 2220
Lulu (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 152 ; ii, 987
Lumber River, N. C. and S. C, improvement of i, 169; il, 1071
Lynn -Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, 42, 545
M.
McClary , Fort, reservation, Me. , site for fortification i, 13
Mclleiify, Fort, Md., sea wall at 1, 14
Mclntyre, Fla., alteration of bridge obstructing Ocklochonee River i, 431
Machodoc (Lower) Creek, Va., improvement of i, 141; ii, 950
Mackeys Creek, N. C, improvement of i, 155 ; ii, 995
Mac'ou, Bayou, La., improvement of i, 244 ; in, 1479
MaMen River, Mass., imjirovement of r i» 43, 547
Maniraquan River, N. J., improvement of i, 107, 822
Manatee River, Fla., improvement of 1, 192 ; ii, 1238
Manohnc, Bayou, La., improvement of 1, 222 ; in, 1354
•'Manchester Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, 41, 542
Manistee, Mich., construction of bridge across Manistee River by cit}' of i, 427
Manistee Harbor, Mich., improvement of I, 348 ; i v, 2223
Manistee River, Mich., construction of bridge at Manistee i, 427
Manistique, Mich., improvement of harbor at i, 315 ; i v, 2042
Manitowoc Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 323 ; i v, 2072
Manokin River, Md., improvement of i, 130; ir, 901
Maps, military and other i, 443
Marcus Hook, Pa., improvement of ice harbor at ". . i, 112 ; ii, 848
Marquette, Mich., improvement of harbor at i, 313 ; iv, 2035
Marthas Vineyard, Mass. :
Improvement of inner harbor at Edgartown i, 51, 576
Removal of wreck near i, 63, 619
Martins Ferry, Ohio, establishment of harbor lines in Ohio River i, 423; in, 1894
Maryland (steamer), removal of wreck of i* 118 ; ii, 862
Mattaponi River, Va., improvement of 1, 144 ; n, 966
Mattawan Creek, N. J., improvement of i, 104, 816
Maumee Bay, Ohio. See Toledo Harbor.
Maumee River, Ohio. See Toledo Harbor..
Maurice River Cove, Delaware Bay, removal of wreck in ... : ii, 862
Menominee Harbor, Mich, and Wis., improvement of i, 316 ; i v, 2045
Menominee River, Mich, and Wis., improvement of i, 316 ; iv, 2047
Mernicntau River and tributaries. La., improvement of i, 227 ; in, 1372
Merrimac River, Mass. :
Bridge between Haverhill and Bradford obstructing, alteration of i. 430
Improvement of i, 37, 532
Meseer, Laura E. (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 63, 617
Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad Company, bridge of i, 427
Mianns River, Conn., improvement of i, 75, 681
Michigan City Harbor, Ind., improvement of i, 337 ; i v, 2188
Michigan, Lake:
See also Northern and Northwestern lakes.
Dredging harbors on east coast of iv, 2237
Water levels 1,441; vi, 3430, 3435
MiddleCvronnd (Outer), Chesapeake Bay, removal of wreck on i, 152 ; ii, 987
MifHin, Fort, Pa., sale of Government land on Delaware River in vicinity of. i, 461
Milford Harbor, Conn., improvement of i, 70, 650
Military and other maps i, 443
1 2 INDEX.
Kansas City , Kans., establishment of harbor lines i, 423 ; vi, 3159
Kansas City, Mo., establishment of harbor lines i, 423 ; vi, 3159
Kaskaskia River, III., improvement of i, 260; ill, 1624
Kaukauua, Wis.:
Construction of bridge across Fox River and canal by city of i, 427
Construction of bridge across lock of canal at Little Chute by city of i, 429
Kehei/f John P. (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 62, 612
Kennebec River, Me., improvement of i, 28, 508
Kenosha Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 327 ; i v, 2097
Kensington Rapid Transit Bridge Company, bridge of i, 428
Ken t Island, Chesapeake Bay, removal of wreck off i, 132 ; ii, 906
Kent (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 117; ii,861
Kentucky River, Ky. :
Improvement of i, 303 ; iii, 1980
Operating and care of locks and dams on i, 304 ; iii, 1983
Kewaunee Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 322 ; iv, 2066
Keweenaw Bay, Mich., waterway across 'Keweenaw Point from Lake Superior
to:
Improvement of i, 312; iv, 2029
Operating and care of i, 313 ; i v, 2029
Keweenaw Point, Mich., waterway across:
Improvement of i, 312 ; ly, 2029
Operating and care of i,313; iv,2029
Key West Harbor, Fla., improvement of northwest entrance, i, 189; ii, 1290
Keyport Harbor, N. J., improvement of . . - i, 104, 815
Kingston Harbor, Mass.^ improvement of I9 47, 562
Klaskuine River, Oreg., improvement of i, 418; iv, 2663
Knox County, Tenn., construction of bridge across Holston River by i, 427
Knoxville, Tenn., construction of bridge across Holston River near i, 427
La Center^ Wash., construction of bridge across East Fork of Lewis River i,426
Lafourche, Bayou, La., improvement of 1^223; in, 1356
La Grange lock and dam, Illinois River, lU., operating and care of. . . i, 335; iv, 21fi0
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Company, bridge of i, 425
Lake Street Elevated Railroad Company, bridge of i, 43B
Lakes, Great. See Great Lakes and Northern and Northwestern Lakes.
Lakes, Northern and Northwestern. See Northern and Northwestern Lakes.
Larchmont Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 77, 686
La Trappe River, Md., improvement of i, 126 ; 11, 892
Laws of Fifty-third Congress, second session, affecting^Corps of Engineers, vi, 3455
Lea, Charles (tugboat), removal of wreck of i, 132 ; 11, 906
Leaf River, Miss., improvement of i, 216 ; u, 138$
Leon (tug), removal of wreck of i, 182 ; 11, 1209
Levisa Fork of Big Sandy River, Ky., improvement of i, 305 ; in, 2001
Lewes, Del. :
Construction of pier at 1, 113 ; ii, 850
Improvement of inland waterway from Chincoteagne Bay, Ya., to Delaware
Bay near 1, 123; ii, 884
Lewis River, Wash., construction of bridge at La Center, across East Fork of. . i, 428
Licking River, Ky., improvement of, between Farmers and West Lib-
erty 1,904; 111,1992
Little Chute, Wis., construction of bridge across lock of canal at i, 429
Little Harbor, N. H. , improvement of harbor of refuge at 1, 35, 527
Little Kanawha River, W. Va. :
Improvement of 1, 307 ; in, 2066
Operating and care of lock and dam on 1, 307 ; in, 2007
Little Pedee River, S. C, improvement of 1,169; 11, 1074
Little Pigeon River, Tenn., improvement of i» 277; in, 1880
Little Rock, Ark., construction of bridge across Arkansas River i, 425
Little Rock Bridge and Terminal Railway Company, bridge of i, 425
Little Sodus Bay, N. Y., improvement of harbor at 1,386; 1 v. 2470
Liverpool (East), Ohio, Qonstruction of bridge across Ohio River i, 4S6
Livingston Point, Ky ., preservation of l, 275 ; ni, l?te
Locks and dams. Ses Canals.
Lockwoods Folly River, N. C, improvement of i, 166; n, 1066
Logstown, Pa., removal of wrecks in Ohio River at i, 2^ ; in, 1889
INDEX. 13
Long island, cfaannel between Nixs Mate and. See Boston Harbor^ Mass.
Long Island Sound, removal of wrecks in i, 82, 712, 714
Long Sand Shoal, Long Island Sound, removal of wreck near i, 82, 714
Lookout, Cape, light- house, removal of wrecks near 1, 168 ; ii, 1065
Loreauville, La., construction of bridge across Bayou Teche near 1, 429
Louisa, Ky., construction of lock and dam in Big Sandy River near., i, 305; iii, 1992
Louisville and Portland Canal, Ohio River, operating and care of i, 295 ; ill, 1935
Louisville, Ky., Falls of Ohio River at:
Improvement of i, 293 ; in, 1929
Improvement of Indiana Chute i, 295; in, 1933
Operating and care of Louisville and Portland Canal i, 295; in, 1935
Lower Chipola River, Fla., improvement of i, 197 ; ii, 1252
Lower Machodoc Creek, Va. , improvement of i, 141 ; ii, 950
Lubco Channel, Me., improvement of i, 21, 491
Ludiugton Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 348 ; i v, 2220
Lulu (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 152 ; ii, 987
Lumber River, N. C. and S. C, improvement of i, 169 ; il, 1071
Lynn -Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, 42, 545
M.
McClary , Fort, reservation, Me. , site for fortification i, 13
McHeiiry, Fort, Md., sea wall at 1, 14
Mcluty re, Fla., alteration of bridge obstructing Ocklochonee River i, 431
Machodoc (Lower) Creek, Va., improvement of i, 141 ; ii, 950
Mackeys Creek, N. C, improveiuent of i, 155 ; ii, 995
Macon, Bayou, La., improvement of i, 244 ; in, 1479
Makleu River, Mass., improvement of , i, 43, 547
Mau:niquan River, N. J., improvement of 1, 107, 822
Manatee River, pia., improvement of i, 192 ; ii, 1238
Mauohnc, Bayou, La., improvement of i, 222; ni, 1354
"Manchester Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, 41, 542
Manistee, Mich., construction of bridge across Manistee River by cit}' of i, 427
Manistee Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 348 ; iv, 2223
Manistee River, Mich., construction of bridge at Manistee i, 427
Mantstique, Mich., Improvement of harbor at i, 315 ; i v, 2042
Manitowoc Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 323 ; iv, 2072
Manokin River, Md., improvement of i, 130; ii, 901
Maps, military and other i, 443
Marcus Hook, Pa., improvement of ice harbor at i, 112 ; ii, 848
Marquette, Mich., improvement of harbor at i, 313 ; iv, 2035
Mtirtbas Vineyard, Muss. :
Improvement of inner harbor at Edgartown i, 51, 576
Removal of wreck near ^> 63, 619
Martins Ferry, Ohio, establishment of harbor lines in Ohio River i, 423; in, 1894
Maryland (steamer), removal of wreck of i» 118 ; ii, 862
Mattaponi River, Va., improvement of i, 144 ; n, 966
Mattawan Creek, N. J., improvement of i, 104, 816
Maumee Bay, Ohio. See Toledo Harbor.
Maumee River, Ohio. See Toledo Harbor.,
Maurice River Cove, Delaware Bay, removal of wreck in ii, 862
Menominee Harbor, Mich, and Wis., improvement of i, 316 ; i v, 2045
Menominee River, Mich, and Wis., improvement of i, 316 ; iv, 2047
Mei'mentau River and tributaries, La., improvement of i, 227 ; in, 1372
Merrinmc River, Mass. :
Bridge between Haverhill and Bradford obstructing, alteration of i. 430
Improvement of i, 37, 532
MesecTy Laura E. (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 63, 617
Metroxiolitan West Side Elevated Railroad Company, bridge of i, 427
Mianus River, Conn., improvement of i, 75, 681
Michigan City Harbor, Ind., improvement of i, 337 ; iv, 2188
Michigan, Lake:
Sve also Northern and Northwestern lakes.
Dredging harbors on east coast of iv, 2237
Water levels i,441; vi, 3430, 3435
Mid die- Ground (Outer), Clresapeake Bay, remijval of wreck on i, 152 ; ii, 987
Mifflin, Fort, Pa., sale of Government land on Delaware River in vicinity of. i, 461
Milford Harbor, Conn., improvement of i, 70, 650
Military and other maps i, 443
14 I^DEX.
Military departments, surveys, reconnaissances, and ezplorationB in.. i,443; vi, 3451
Mill Croek, Ciuciiinati, Obio, examination and survey for ice harbor at mouth
of 1,289; m,1890
Milton (barge), removal of wreck of 1,95,786
Milwaukee, Wis. :
Improvement of harbor at ^ i,326; iv,2091
Improvement of harbor of refuge at Milwaukee Bay 1, 325 ; iv, 2(Kl
Milwaukeo Ba^, Wis., improvement of harbor of refuge at i, 325; iv, 2081
Mines, submarine ■. i,6
Mingo Creek, S. C, improvement of i, 170; ir, 1081
Mining casemates i,6
Mining, hydraulic, in California. i,421; vi,3ie9
Minnesota River, Minn., improvement of i, 267 ; iii, 1725
MispilHon Bivor, Del. :
Improvement of w i, 122; ii, 881
Removal of wreck in 1, 132; ii, 906
Mississippi River :
Bridge at Red Wing, Minn., construction of.- i,425
Bridge at South St. Paul, Minn., construction of i, 425
Des Moines Rapids, improvement of i, 263; iii, 1683
Des Moines Rapids Canal and dry dock, operating and care of., i, 263; iii, 16^
Falls of St. Anthony, Minn., improvement above i, 264 ; iii, 1693
Gauging, and tributaries i,250; iii, 1523
Gauging, at St. Paul, Minn i,269; iii,1732
Minneapolis to Missouri River, imjirovement from i, 263; iii, 1639
Minneapolis to St. Paul, construction of looks and dams from iii, 1640, 1681
Ohio River, improvement, surveys, etc., below i, 420 ; v, 2G97
Ohio and Missouri rivers, improvement between i, 256 ; iii, 1577
Plaquemine, Bayou, La., prevention of caving at month of i, 232 ; ui, 1385
Qnincy Bay, 111., improvement of 1,262; iii, 1639
Reservoirs at headwaters of i, 264 ; lu, 1696
Reservoirs at sources of, surveys for iii, 1736
St. Louis, Mo., improvement at i, 258 ; iii, 1615
Snag boats and dredge boats on upper river, operating i, 261 ; iii, 1627
Snags and wrecks injower river, removing T, 256 ; iii, 1567
South Pass, inspection of improvement of i« 20, 219 ; iii, 1333
Walnut Bend, Ark., examination for prevention of cut into St. Francis
River i, 225; in, 1560
Mississippi River Commission i, 420^ v, 2697
Mississippi Sound, removal of wreck in i, 232; lu, 1384
Missouri, Department of the, report of engineer officer i, 443 ; vi, 3451
Missouri River :
Bridge at Yankton, S. Dak., construction of i, 425
Establishment of harbor lines at Kansas City I, 423 ; vi, 3159
Examination of, between Three Forks and Canyon Ferry, Mont., to deter-
mine availability of water power i, 272 ; iii, 1775
Improvement of, above Sioux City, Iowa i, 270 ; iii, 1739
Improvement of, etc., below Sioux City, Iowa i, 421 ; vi, 3075
Removing snags above Sioux City, Iowa l, 271 ; in, 1772
Missouri River Commission i, 421; vu3075
Mitchell J Katie (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 63, 616
Mobile, Ala., alteration of bridge across Three Mile Creek«near i, 430
Mobile and Birmingham Railway Company, bridge of i, 430
Mobile and Dauphin Island Railroad and Harbor Company, bridges of i, 426
Mobile Harbor, Ala., improvement of \ i, 210; ii, 1301
Mobile River, Ala., removal of wreck in ..---. 1,219; ii, 1332
Mokelumuo River, Cal., improvement of i, 399 ; i v, 2531
Monomoy Beach, Mass. , removal of wreck near ,. i, 63, 618
Mononioy life-saving station, Mass., removal of wreck near i, 62, 607
Monomoy Point, Mass., removal of wrecks at and near i, 62, 63, 606, 608
Monomoy Point light-house, Mass., removal of wrecks near i, 63, 616, 617
Monon<;ahcla River, W. Va. and Pa.:
Bridge at Pittsburg, Pa., construction of 1.426
Construction of locks and dams on 1,290; in, 1903
Improvement of i, 290; in, 1903
Operating and care of locks and dams Nos. 8 and 9 i, 291 ; ui, 1908
Purchase of Lock and Dam No. 6 i, 291; in, 1911
Purchase of Lock and Dam No. 7 1,291; in, 1911
Monroe, Fort, Va., water supply at i, 14
Monroe Harbor, Mich i,368; iv,2383
INDEX. 15
Monroe^ Loring (canal boat), removal of ivreck of i, 1S2 ; ii, 907
Montgoracflry, Ala., cooAtruction of bridge across Alabama River near i, 425
Montgomery Bridi^e Company, bridge of i, 425
Moon, JV. H, <dredge), removal of wi-eck of i,232; iii, 1383
Moosabec Bar, Me., improvement of , i, 21, 492
Morristown, N. Y., construction of bridge across SL Laurence River i, 425
Mortar batteries i,5, 11, 12
Mortar platibrms i, 12
Mount Calvert, Md., construction of bridge across Patuxent River i, 428
Mount Desert, Mo., construction of breakwater from Porcupine Island to. . . i, 2S, 496
Mount Plexisant and Sea view Railroad Company, bridge of i, 431
Mount Pleasant shore, Charleston Harbor, S. C, improvement of T, 172; ii, 1101
MouMt Vernon (schooner), removal of wreck of, in Maurico River Cove, Dela-
ware Bay 11,862
Mount Femon (schooner), removal of wreck of, in Jioot River, Wis.. i,330; iv, 2124
Murdcrkill River, Del., improvement of , r, 121 ; ir, 879
, Muscle Shoals Canal, Tennessee River, Ala., operating and care of i, 2^ ; in, 1828
Muskegon Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 345 ; iv, 2211
Muskingum River, Ohio :
Construction of ice harbor at mouth of i,*288 ; in, 1874
Improvement of i, 288 ; in, 1875
Operating and care of locks and dams on i, 289 ; in, 1876
Mystic River, Conn., improvement of 1, 64, 622
Mystic River, Mass., improvement of i, 43, 547
N. and TT. No* 4 (barge), removal of wreck of i, 62, 612
Nansemond River, Va., improvement of i, 148 ; ii, 978
Nautaskct Beach Channel, Mass. See Boston Harbor.
Nantucket, Mass., improvement of harbor of refuge at i, 50, 573
Nantucket Sound, Mass., removal of wrecks in and near i, 62, 63, 604, 612, 620
Napa, Cal., establishment of harbor lines i, 424 ; I v, 2522
Napa River, Cal. :
Establishment of harbor lines at Napa i, 424 ; i v, 2522
Improvement of ^ i, 393; iv, 2507
Narragansett Bay, R.I:
Defense of 1,6,7
Improvenmnt of : i, 56, 589
Narraguagus River, Me., improvement of i, 22, 494
Narrows of Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt., improvement of i, 392 ; iv, 2499
Natalbany River, La., improvement of i, 221 ; in, 1352
Nautilus Shoal, Chesapeake Bay, removal of wreck on i, 152 ; n, 987
Navigable waters, construction of bridges across ^ ly 20, 424
Navigation, bridges obstructing, action upon i, 20, 430
Neches River, Tex., improvement of i, 232 ; in, 1381
Nehaleni Bay, Oreg., improvement of entrance to i, 407 ; iv, 2588
Neuiio River, N. C:
Improvement of i, 159 ; ii, 1027
Iniprovemont of waterway between Beaufort Harbor and i, 159; n, 1030
New Bedford Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, 53, 582
New Castle, Del., improvement of ice harbor at i» 119 ; u, 873
New Haven Harbor, Conn. :
Construction of breakwaters in , i, 69, 646
Improvement of : . . i, 68, 642
Removal of wreck in i, 82, 712
New Jersey, channel between Staten Island and, improvement of !> 9S, 799
New River, N. C. :
Improvement of 1.. i,162; n, 1037
Improvement of waterway between Beaufort Harbor and i>161; li, 1034
Improvement of waterway between S wansboro and i, 161 ; n, 1037
New River, Va. and W. Va., improvement of i, 301 ; in, 1965
New York Central and Hudson Kiver Railroad Company, bridge of 1, 430
New York HarlK>r, N. Y. :
Arthur Kill, improvement of i, 97, 798
Bay Ridge Channel, improvement of i, 91, 764
Bcdlocs Island, sea wall at i, 14
Buttermilk Channel, improvement of 1, 90, 761
Ohannol bet^x^eeu Staten Island and New Jersey, improvement of ...... i, 98, 79^
Davids Island, sea wall and embankment at i, 14'
\
16 INDEX.
New York Harbor, N. Y. — Continned.
Defense of 1,5,6,7,447,449
East River and Hell Gate, improvement of it 87, 751
Governors Island, seawall and embankmeut at 1,14
Gowanus Bay, improvement of 1,91,764
GowanuH Creek Channel, improvement of 1,91,764
Harbor lines in Harlem Kiver, modification of i, 4^, 786
Harlem River, improvement of 1,66^ 741
Harlem River, modification of harbor lines in i, 422, 786
Improvement of 1,92, 770
Red Hook Channel, improvement of i, 91, 764
Sea walls and embankments 1,14
Supervision of i,420; it, 2681
Wrecks, removal of 1,95,785,786
Newborn, N. C. :
Bridge obstructing Trent River^ alteration of 1,431
Improvement of waterway between Beaufort Harbor and i, 159; ii, 1030
Newburyport Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, ^ 539
Newport Harbor, R. I., improvement of ^57, 593
Newport Ri^er, N. C, improvement of waterway via i, 159; n, 1030
Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement of 1,89, 757
Niagara Falls, N. Y., improvement of Niagara River to i, 381 ; iv, 2447
Niagara River, N. Y. :
Establishment of harbor lines at Squaw Island i, 424 ; i v, 2452
Improvement of, from Tonawanda to Port Day (Niagara Falls) . . i, 381 ; iv, 2447
Improvement of Tonawanda Harbor and i, 381 ; iv, 2444
Nixs Mate, channel between Long Island and. See Boston Harbor, Mass.
Nomini Creek, Va., improvement of i, 140; ii, 948
Nooksack River, Wash., improvement of (Puget Sound and tributaries) . i, 412 ; iv, 2619
Norfolk Harbor, Va. :
Improvement of, and approaches i, 146 ; ii, 973
Improvement of approach to, between Lambert Point and Fort Nor-
folk 1,147; 11,977
Improvement of waterway between Albemarle Sound and i, 151 ; ii, 983
Norfolk, Va., improvement of approach to U. S. navy-yard at i, 147; ii, 977
Norfolk (West), Va., construction of bridge across Western Branch of Eliza-
beth River 1,429
North East (Cape Fear) River, N. C, improvement of i, 163 ; ii, 1040
North Landing River, Va. and N. C, improvement of i, 152 ; ii, 986
Northern and Northwestern Lakes :
Charts, correcting, printing, and issuing of i, 438, 440 ; vi, 3315
Estimates 1, 441
Improvement of channels in connecting waters of i, 361 ; it, 2261
Raft-towing on, and connecting waters 1, 368; iv, 2378
Surveys i,437; vi,3315
Water levels i,441; vi, 3319, 3430
Northwestern Elevated Railroad Company, bridge of 1, 428
Nortons Creek, N. Y., construction of bridge at Hempstead 1, 427
Noxubee River, Miss., improvement of i>^14; u, 1318
O.
Oak Orchard Harbor, N. Y., improvement of , i,383; iv,2451
Oakland Harbor, Cal. :
Establishment of harbor lines i,424; iv,2505,2506
Improvement of i, 392; iv,2501
Obion River, Tenn., improvement of i, 273; iii, 1785
Obstructions to navigation, action upon bridges constituting 1, 20, 430
Occoquan Creek, Va., improvement of i, 138 ; ii, 941
Occupancy of structures built by the United States i, 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
Ocean Traveller (schooner), remoVal of wreck of i, 62, 606.
Ockl aw aha River, Fla., improvement of J, 187; ii, 1221
Ocklochonee River, Fla., alteration of bridge obstructing, at Mclntyre i, 431
Ocmnlgee River, Ga., improvement of i, 179 ; il, 1181
Oconee River, Ga., improvement of i, 179; ii, 1175
Oconto Harbor, Wis. :
Modification of harbor lines 1,424; iv,2124
Improvement of l>317; iv,2049
Ocracoke Inlet, N. C, improvement of 1, 165; ii.
INDEX. 1 7
Office of the Chief of Engineers i, 444
Officers of Corps of Engineers. See Corps of Engineers.
Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 389 ; iv, 2491
OhioKiver:
Beaver River, Pa., construction of dam below i, 287 ; iii, 1870
Bridge at East Liverpool, Ohio, construction of i, 425
Dam No. 2, location of h 287
Davis Island Dum, operating and care of 1, 287 ; ill, 1867
Falls of, Louisville, Ivy., improvement of i, 293 ; in, 1929
Harbor lines between Martins Ferry and Bellairc, Ohio, establishmf'nt
of 1, 423 ; in, 1894
Ice harbor at mouth of Muskingum Kiver, construction uf i, 288; in, 1874
Ice harbors at mouths of Crawfish and Mill creeks, Cincinnati, Ohio,
exjimination and survey for i, 289 ; in, 1890
Improvement of i, 285 ; in, 1836
Indiana Chute, improvement of 1, 295 ; in, 1933
Louisville and Portland Canal, operating and care of • i, 295 ; in, 1935
Snagboat on, operating i, 287 ; in, 1864
Wrecks in, removal of i, 289 ; in, 1889
Olcott Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 382; iv, 2450
Old Chatham Roads, Mass., removal of wreck in i, 63, 613
Olympia. Wash., improvement of harbor at 1, 411 ; iv, 2606
Onancock Harbor, Va., improvement of i, 130; ii, 902
Ontario, Lake:
See also Northern and Northwestern Lakes.
Water levels 1,441; vi,3430,3436
Ontonagon, Mich., improvement of harbor at i»311; iv, 2026
Orange (^ounty, Tex., construction of bridge across Cow Bayou by i, 426
Osage River, Mo,, improvement of i, 260 ; in, 1620
Oswego Harbor, N. Y., improvement of 1, 386; iv, 2476
Otter Creek, Vt., improvement of I, 391; iv, 2497
Ouachita River, Ark. and La., improvement of i, 241 ; in, 1455
Outer Middle Ground, Chesapeake Bay, removal of wreck on i, 152 ; ii, 987
P.
Padncah, Ky., preservation of Livingston Point, near i, 276; in, 1792
Pamlico River, N. C, improvement of 1, 156 ; ii, 1019
Pamunkey River, Va., improvement of i, 145 ; n, 968
Panther (steamer), removal of wreck of I» 82, 713
Parkers River, MaSvS. , remoyal of wreck near i, 63, 620
Pa.scagoula River, Miss., improvement of 1, 215 ; n, 1319
Pasquotank River, N. C, improvement of 1, 154 ; ii, 994
Passaic County, N. J., construction of bridge across Passaic River atPassaic by. i, 428
Passaic, N. J., construction of bridge across Passaic River i, 428
Passaic River, N. J. :
Above New ark. improvement of l, 100, 802
Below Newark, improvement of i, 99, 801
Bridge at Passaic, construction of i, 428
Improvement of 1, 99, 801
Patapsco River, Md. :
Improvement of, and channel to Baltimore i, 132 ; n, 909
Improvement of channel to Curtis Bay *. i, 133 ; n, 914
Patchogue River, N. Y. :
Establishment of harbor lines i, 422, 719
Improvement of 1,81,705
Patuxcnt River, Md. :
Bridge at Mount Calvert, construction of i, 428
Improveuien t of i, 141 ; ii, 953
Paw^catuck Hi ver. R. I. and Conn., improvement of i, 60, 600
Pawtucket River, R. I. :
Improvement of i, 55, 587
Removal of wreck in 1,63,620
Pawtucket, R. I., removal of wreck at i, 63, 620
Pearl River, Miss., improvement of:
Below Jackson I, 217 ; ii, 1326
Between Jackson and Carthage i, 217 ; n, 1328
Between Carthage and Edinburg i, 218 ; ii, 1329
Pease Creek, Fla., improvement of 1, 191 ; ii, 1236
ENG 94 2
18* INDEX.
Pelican (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 378 ; iv, 2426
Penny pack Creek, Pa.^ construction of bridge across, at Philadelphia i, 429
Penobscot River, Me., improvement of i, 24, 499
Pensacola Harbor, Fla. :
Defense of i, 6, 10, 11
Improvement of 1,203; ii, 1268
Pensaukeo Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 318 ; iv, 2052
Pentwater Harbor, Mich., improvement of 1, 347 ; iv, 2218
Petit (steamer), removal of wreck of i, 49, 568
Pn-vei'ef Jsa H, (schooner) , removal of wreck of i, 63, 618
Petalnma Creek, Cal., improvement of 1,400; iv,2538
Petit Jean River, Ark., improvement of i, 253 ; iii, 1546
Petoskey Harbor, Mich., improvement of 1, 353; iv, 2235
Philadelphia, Pa., construction of bridge across Pennypack Creek by city of. . i, 429
Philadelphia Harbor, Pa. :
Establishment of harbor lines 1^423; 11,864
Defense of 1,6,9,11
Improvementof 1,108,110; 11,827,836
Mifflin, Fort, sale of Governnj iii I.-ind in vicinity of 1,461
Piers built by the United States, <x<!upancy or injury of i, 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
Pigeon bayous, La., improvement of i»224; iii, 1361
Pittsburg, Pa. :
Bridge across Mononguhela River, construction of, by city of 1, 426
Davis Island Dam, Ohio River, near, operating and care of i? 287; iii, 1867
Herr Island Dam, Allegheny River, near, construction of i, 292; iii, 1918
Wrecks in Ohio River below, removal of i, 289 ; iii, 1889
Plaqneminc, Bayou, La. :
Improvement of 1^224; in, 1361
Prevention of caving at mouth of i,232; iii,1385
Platforms, gun and mortar i, 12
Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 390; iv, 2495
Plymouth Harbor, Mass.. improvement of i, 47, 560
Point Breeze, Schuylkill River, removal of wreck below i, 118 ; ii, 862
Point Judith, R. I., improvement of harbor of refuge at T, 58, 596
Point San Pablo, Cal., establishment of harbor lines in San Francisco
Bay at 1,^24; iv.2505
Pollock Rip Channel, Mass., removal of wreck in i, 62, 604
Pontchartrain, Lake, La., removal of wreck in 1,232; in, 1383
Pontehatoula River, La., improvement of i, 221 ; in, 1352
Popes Island, Va., removal of wreck off il, 907
Porcupine Island, Me., construction of breakwat. r from Mount Desert to. . i, 23, 49J
Port Chestt r Harbor, N. Y., improvement of 1, 76JWi#
Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio, improvement of * 1, 370 ; I v, 2394
Pox*t Day, N. Y., improvement of Niagara River to i, 381 ; iv, 2447
Port Huron, Mich., improvement of Black River at i, 358 ; iv, 2251
Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 78, 694
Port Norfolk, Va., construction of bridge across Western L.anch of Elizabeth
River 1,429
Port Royal and Augusta Railway Company, bridge of i, 429
Port Washiuffton Harbor, W^is., improvement of 1, 325 ; I v, 2079
Portage Lake and Lake Superior ship canals, Mich:
Imi>rovemcut of 1,312; iv,2029
Operating and care of 1, 313 j iv, 2029
Portage I^ake, Houghton County, Mich., waterway across Keweenaw Point via :
Improvement of * i,312; iv,2029
Operating and care of 1,313; iv,2029
Portage Lake, Manistee County, Mieb., improvement of harbor of refuge
at 1,350; iv,2228
Portngft River, Houghton County, Mich., waterway across Keweenaw Point via :
Improvement of I, 312 ; i v, 2029
Operating and care of i, 313 ; iv, 2029
Portland Harbor, Me. :
Cushings Island, site for fortification i, 13
Defense of i, 6
Improvement of 1,30,514
Improvement of channel in Rack Cove i, 31, 517
Portland, Oreg. :
Defense of harbor at 1, 5
Willamette River above, improvement of 1, 417 ; IV, 2659
Willamette River below^, improvementof 1*416; IV, 2654
INDEX. 19
Potomac River :
Eastern Branch of (Anacostia River), improvement of i, 138 ; ii, 939
Great Falls, erection of fisli ways at i,435; vi, 3224
G reat Falls, use of water power for electric lighting vi, 3256
Washington, D. C, improvement at i, 135 ; ii, 925
Wreck in Washington Channel, removal of i, 145 ; ii, 971
Pot sburg Creek, Fla., alteration of bridge obstructing i, 431
I'owow River, Mass., improvement of i, 37, 533
Presquo Islo Peninsula, Erie Harbor, Pa., preservation of i, 379 ; iv, 2433
Presqu' lie, Mich., removal of wreck in harbor of i, 361; iv, 2257
Providence River, R. I. :
Improvement of i»56, 589
RMMoval of Green Jacket Shoal i, 57, 592
Removal of wreck in i, 62, 612
Provincotown Harbor, Mass. :
Improvement of i, 48, 564
Removal of wreck in i, 49, 568
Public buildings and grounds, District of Columbia i, 435, vi, 3265
Public works of the United States, occupancy or injury of i, 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
Piiget Sound:
Defense of i, 5
Improvement of, and tributaries, Washington i, 412 ; i v, 2619
Pultneyville Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 384 ; iv, 2460
«
Quincy Bay, III. See Mississippi River improvement between Minneapolis and
mouth of Missouri River.
Racine Harbor, Wis. :
Improvement of i, 326; iv, 2094
Removal of wrecks in Root River i, 330 ; i v, 2124
Raft-lowing on the Great Lakes and connecting waters i, 368 ; iv, 2378
Rah way River, N. J., improvement of 1, 101, 807
Rancocas River, N. J., improvement of i, 115 ; ii, 854
Rappahannock River, Va., improvement of i, 142 ; ii, 954
Raritan Bay, N. J., improvement of i, 94, 780
Raritan River, N. J., improvement of i, 102, 808
Raymonds Lizzie (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 82, 714
Jiaymovdf Slephcn (schooner ),*removal of wreck of i» 63, 615
Reconnaissances, explorations, and surveys in military departments i, 443; vi, 3451
Red Hook Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 91, 764
Red River, La. and Ark. :
Improvement of i, 238 ; ill, 14 15
Improvement of, above Fulton, Ark i, 240 ; iii, 1452
Red River of the North, Minn, and N. Dak., improvement of i, 268; iii, 1728
Red Wing, Minn., construction of bridge across Mississippi River by city of i, 425
Redwood Creek, Cal., improvement of j, 394 ; J v, i2509
Rivers and harbors:
Estimates for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of i, 419
Estimates for improvement of j, 19
Improvement of i, 19
Roanoke River, N. C, improvement of i, 153 ; ii, 989
Rockland Harbor, Me., improvement of i, 27, 506
liogers (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 62, 608
JRokeSf NcUie 1\ (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 62, 607
Rondout Harbor, N. Y. , improvement of i, 84, 736
Root River, Wis., removal of wrecks at Racine i, 330; i v, 2124
Rouge River, Mich. :
improvcmcn t of r, 360 ; i v, 2255
Turning basin in i 1,361; iv, 2257
Rough River, Ky., improvement of i, 303; iii, 1978
Rouse Point, Lake Champlain, N. Y., breakwater at i, 390; iv, 2492
Rumsey, Ky., reconstruction of Lock No. 2, Green River, at i, 302; iii, 1968
20 INDEX.
s.
Sabine Pass, Tex., improvement of harbor at i, 230 ; iii, 1376
Sabine River, Tex., improvement of .- « 1, 231 ; m, 1379
Sacketts Harbor, N. Y. , improvement of harbor at i, 388 ; iv^, 2486
Saco River, Me., improvement of i> 32, 519
Sacramento River, Cal :
Improvement of i, 399 ; iv, 2533
Improvement of, and tributaries 1, 421 ; vi, 3174
Saginaw River, Mich., improvement of i, 355 ; iv, 2243
Saint Aii<^u8tiue Harbor, Fla., improvement of i, 187 ; u, 1223
Saint Clair Flat« Canal^ Mich. :
Improvement of i, 365 ;^v, 2371
Operating; and care of I, 366 ; i v. 2373
S.'iint Croix River, Me., improvement of i, 20, 489
Saint Croix River, Wis. and Minn. :
Improvement of i, 266; iii, 1721
Reservoirs at sources of, surveys for ill, 1736
Saint Francis River, Mo. and Ark. :
Examination of Walnut Bend, Mississippi River, for prevention of cnt
into the i,225; ill, 1560
Improvement of, in Arkansas i, 255 ; ill, 1557
Improvement of, in Missouri i, 255 ; in, 1564
Saint Georges Creek, Md., removal of wreck in h^^y h, 970
Saint Georo:e8 River, Md., removal of wreck in 1, 145 ; u, 970
Saint Johns County, Fla., bridge of i, 431
Saint Johns River, Fla. :
Improvement of (from Jacksonville to the ocean) i, 182 ; ii, 1211
Improvement of upper river i, 185 ; ii. 1218
Improvement of VoluHia Bar 1, 180 ; ii, 1220
Saint Joscpli Harbor, Mich. :
Establishment of harbor line i, 424 ; i v, 2258
Improvement of i, 339 ; iv, 2192
Saint .loseph River, Mich., improvement of i, 340; iv, 2197
Saint Lawrence Railway Company, bridge of i,425
Saint Lawrence River. N. Y. :
Bridge at Morristowu, construction of i, 425
Improvement of shoals between Sister Islands and Cross-over Light i, 389 ; iv, 2489
Reexamination of i, 440; vi, 3428
Saint Louis Bay, Wis., improvement of i, 310 ; i v, 2019
Saint Louis Harbor, Mo., improvement of I, 258 ; ill, 1615
Saint Marys Falls Canal, Mich. :
Operating and care of i, 363 ; i v, 2267
Water levels at Sault Ste. Marie i, 441 ; vi, 3319, 3430
Saint Marys River, Mich. :
ImproVement of, at the falls i, 363 ; iv, 2287
Improvement of Hav Lake Cbannel i, 364 ; iv, 2367
Operating and care of St. Marys Falls Canal 1,363; iv,2267
Resurvey of, from Wbitefish Bay to Detour light-house i, 439 ; vi, 3317
Water levels 1,441; vi. 3319, 3430
Saint Paul, Minn., gauging Mississippi River at i,2G9; in, 1732
Saint Paul (South), Minn., construction of bridge across Mississippi River ... i, 425
ISalem Harbor, Mass., improvement of 1,41,543
Salem River, N. J. :
Improvement of j, 116; li, 857
Removal of wreck in Delaware River at entrance to i, 118 ; ii, 862
Salkahatcliio River, S. C, improvement of i, 173 ; ii, 1121
San Bernard River, Tex., construction of bridge at Churchills Ferry i, 426
San Diego, Cal., defense of i, 5
San Diego Harbor, Cal., improvement of i, 396; I v, 2514
San Frfincisco Bay, Cal. :
Defense of San Francisco Harbor i, 5, 6, 10, 465
Establishment of liarbor lines i, 424; iv, 2505, 2506
Improvement of Oakland Harbor i, 392 ; i v, 2501
San Francisco Harbor, Cal. :
Defense of 1,5,6,10,465
EstAblishincut of harbor lines 1, 424 ; iv, 2505
San .loacpiin River, Cal.:
Improvement of I, 398 ; iv, 2527
Improvement of, and tributaries 1, 421 ; vi, 3174
INDEX. 21
San Luis Obispo Harbor, Cal., improvement of I, 394 ; i v, 2509
San Pablo, Point, Cal., establishment of harbor lines in San Francisco Bay
at I, 424; IV, 2505
Sand IJeacli, Lake Huron, Mich;, improvement of harbor of refuge at. i, 356 ; iv, 2247
Sandusky Harbor, Ohio, improvement of i, 371 ; i v, 2396
Sandusky River, Ohio, improvement of 1, 372 ; IV, 2398
Sandy Bay, Cape Ann, Mass., improvement of harbor of refuge at.. i, 39, 536
Santco River, S. C, improvement of 1, 170; ii, 1084
Sarasota Bay, Fla., improvement of i, 191 ; ii, 1237
Saugatuck Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 341 ; iv, 2201
Sangatuck River, Conn., improvement of 1,73,667
Saugerties Harbor, N. Y., improvement of :. . i, 84, 734
Savannah, Florida and Western Railway Company, bridge of 1, 426
Savannah, Ga., improvement of iusicle route between Fernandina, ^''la.,
and 1,182; ii, 1206
Savannah Harbor, Ga. :
Defense of i, 6, 10
Improvement of i, 174 ; ii, 1129
Removal of wrecks in : i, 182 ; ii, 1209
Savannah River, Ga. :
Bridge near Augusta, protection of, etc 1, 429
Improvement of, above Augusta i, 177 ; ii, 1164
Improvement of, between Augusta and Savannah i, 176 ; ii, 1158
Improvement of Savannah Harbor i, 174 ; ii, 1129
Removal of wrecks in Savannah Harbor i, 182 ; ii, 1209
Say ville, N, Y., improvement of Browns Creek 1, 81, 708
Schuylkill River, Pa. :
Improvement of i ^^^ » ^^f ^^
Removal of wreck in ^ 118 ; ii, 862
Sale of Government land at mouth of, in vicinity of Fort MifHin i, 461
Scituato Harbor, Ma^s., improvement of i, 46, 558
Sea Bright, N. .1., establishment of harbor lines in Shrewsbury River near i, 423, 823
Sea-roast defenses. Ste Fortifications.
Sea Shore Road Company, bridge of 1, 428
Sea walls i, 14
Shavnou, 11. H, (vessel), removal of w^reck of ^ i, 62, 609
Shel)oygau Harbor, Wis., improvement of i, 324 ; iv, 2075
Slicepsliejid Bay, N. Y., improvement of i, 96, 796
Ship Island Harbor, Mississippi Sound, removal of wreck in i, 232; iii, 1384
Shoal Harbor, N. .!., improvement of i, 105, 818
Shovel fill Shoal, Mass. , removal of wreck on i, 62, 606
Shrewsbury River, N. J. :
Establishment of harbor lines near Sea Bright i, 423, 823
Improvement of i, 106, 819
Silver Springs, Ocala and Gulf Railroad Company, bridge of 1, 429
Sister Islands, St. Lawrence River, N. Y., improvement of shoals near, i, 389; iv, 2489
Siuslaw River, Oreg., improvement of mouth of i, 405 ; iv, 2573
Skagit River, Wash., improvement of (Puget Sound and tributaries), i, 412; iv, 2619
Skamokawa Creek, Wash., construction of bridge across i, 429
Smith Island, Delaware River, removal of wreck above i, 117 ; ii, 861
Smyrna River, Del., improvement of i, 120; ii, 876
Snake River, Wash, and Idaho:
lm])rovement of, between Huntington Bridge and Seven Devils mining
district , i,407; iv,2589
Improvement of Upi>er Columbia River and i, 408 ; iv, 2590
Snohomish County, Wash., construction of bridge across Stillaquamish River
by 1,429
Snohomish River, Wash., improvement of (Puget Sound and tribu-
taries) 1,412; IV, 2619
Snoqualmie River, Wash., improvement of (Puget Sound and tribu-
taries) 1,412: IV, 2619
South Chicago, III. :
Alteration of bridge across Calumet River i, 430
Construction of bridge across Calumet River I, 425
South Haven Harbor, Mich., improvement of 1,341; iv, 2198
South Pass, Mississippi River, in.spection of improvement of i, 20, 219 ; iii, 1333
South River, N. .1., imjiroveraent of i, 103, 813
South St. Paul Belt Railroad Company, bridge of 1,425
South St. Paul, Minn., construction of bridge across Mississippi River i,425
Southampton, N. Y., removal of wreck off i, 82, 713
22 INDEX.
Spiiyten Duy vil Creek, N. Y., reconstruct ion of bridge across 1, 430
Squun River, N.J. See Manasquan River.
Scjnaw Island, N. Y., establishment of harbor lines i, 424 ; iv, 2453
Stamford Harbor, Conn., improvement of 1, 75, 677
Staten Island and New Jersey, improvement of channel between i, 98, 799
Steele Bayou, Mis§., improvement of I; 248; iii, 1511
StillagUcimish River, Wash. :
Improvement of (Puget Sound and tributaries) i> 412 ; i v, 2619
(Construction of bridge across i, 429
Stillaqnamish River, Wash. See Stillagnamish River.
Ston ington. Conn., improvement of harbor of refuge at i, 61, 602
Structures Duilt by the United States, occupancy or injury of i, 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
Sturgeon Bay, Wis. , construction of bridge across i, 428
Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, Wis. :
Improvement of , ^ i, 319 ; i v, 2056
Improvement of harbor of refuge at eastern entrance I, 321 ; i v, 2062
Operating and care of i, 320; iv, 2058
Submarine mines 1, 6
Sullivans Island, S. C. :
Bridge obstructing cove at, alteration of i, 431
Improvement of i, 172 ; ii, 1101
Site for fortitication i, 13
Sumpawanus Inlet, N. Y., improvement of 1, 05, 794
Sunken Meadow, East River, N. Y., removal of wrecks oft' i, 95, 785, 786
Superior Bay, Wis. :
Improvement of i, 310 ; i v, 2019
Modification of harbor lines i, 423 ; iv, 2039
Superior, I^ake:
See also Northern and Northwestern Lakes.
Improvement of waterway across Keweenaw Point from Keweenaw
Bay 1,312; iv,2029
Operating and care of waterway acioss Keweenaw Point from Keweenaw
Bay 1,313; iv,2039
Water levels i, 441 ; vi, 3430
Supervisor of the harbor of New York i, 420 : iv, 2681
Surveys, examinations, and contingencies of rivers and harbors, estimates for. i, 419
Surveys, reconnaissances, and explorations in military departments . i, 443; vi, 3451
Susquehanna River, vicinity of Havre de Grace, Md., improyement of. 1, 124; ii, 886
Sussex County, Del., construction of temporary bridge across canal connect-
ing Chiiicotcague and Delaware bays by I, 430
Suwnnco River, Fla., improvement of 1,1%; ii, 1246
Swansboro, N. C, imnrovement of waterway between New River and. i, 161 ; ii, 1037
Swash Channel, Charleston Harbor, 8. C, removal of wreck in i, 174; ii, 1128
Swinomish Slough, Wash., improvement of i, 412 ; iv, 2611
T.
Tacoma, Wash., construction of bridge across ship channel by city of i, 426
Talisman (tug), removal of wreck of i> 95, 785
Tallahatcheo River, Miss. , improvement of 1, 247 ; iii, 1508
Tampa, Fla., construction ^of bridge across Hillsborough River i, 426
Tampa Bay, Fla., improvement ol i, 193 ; ii, 1241
Tar River, N. C, improvement of 1, 156 ; n, 1019
Tarentum, Pa., construction of bridge across Allegheny River below i, 428
Taunton River, Mass., improvement of i, 54, 586
Tchefnucte River, La., improv«^ment of I722O; iii, 1349
Tchula Lake, Miss., improvement of i, 247 ; ill, 1506
Teclie, Bayou, La. :
Bi iilgo near Loreauville, construction of 1, 429
Improvement of i, 226; ill, 1368
Tennessee River:
Iiiiprovement of i^STS; ill, 1787
Improvement of, above Chattanooga, Tenn i, 273 ; iii, 1787
Improvement of, at Livingston Point, Ky h^^j iw» 1792
Imx)rovement of, below Bee Tree Shoals, Ala 1, 274 ; iii, 1790
Improvement of, between Chattanooga, Tenn., and foot of Bee
Tree Shoals, Ala i,282; ill, 1821
Operating and care of Mwscle SUoals Canal, Ala i, 284 ; iii, 1828
Tensas River, La., improyemewt oi 1,244; m, 1479
Tcrrebonno, Bayou, L.a., \mpTOve\\\c^\. o^ - VK^N vw^l360
INDEX. 23
Jliamcs Rivor, Conn., improvcniont of i, 64, G24
Thowan, iSamncl W, Cechoonor), removal of wreck of i, 145 ; ii, 970
Three Mile Creek, Ala., alteration of bridge near Mobile i, 41)0
Thunder Hay Harbor, Midi., iini>rovemcut of i, 354 ; iv, 2241
Thunder Hay River, Mich., improvement of i, 354 ; i v, 2241
Tickfaw River, La., and tributaries, improvemout of i, 221 ; in, 1352
Ticondcroga River, N. Y., improvement of i, 391 ; i v, 2498
Tillamook Bay and Bar, Oreg., improvement of i, 406 ; i v, 2585
Toledo Harbor, Ohio, improvement of i, 369 ; i v, 2385
Tombigbeo River, Ala. and Miss., improvement of i, 212; ii, 1311
Below Demopolis, Ala i,212; if, 1313
Between Demopolis, Ala., and Columbus, Miss i»213; ii, 1315
Between Columbus and Fulton, Miss i, 213 ; ii, 1316
Between Fulton and Walkers Bridge, Miss i, 214 ; ii, 1317
Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i, 381 ; i v, 244*4
Tradewatcr River, Ky., improvement of I, 301 ; in, 1967
Trent River, N. C. :
Bridge obstructing, at Newbem, alteration of i, 431
Improvement of i, 158 ; ii, 1025
Trinity River, Tex. , improvement of i, 235 ; in, 1401
Tug Fork of Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky., improvement of i, 306; in, 2002
Two Rivers Harbor, AVis., improvement of i, 323 ; iv, 2069
U.
Umpqua River, Oreg., improvement of 1, 404 ; i v, ^569
Undine ( bark ), removal of wrecfc of i, 182 ; 1 1, 1209
United States p:ngineer School i, 17, 4(«i
United Stat-os structures, occupancy or injury of if 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
Urbana Creek, Va., improvement of i, 143; n, 9.39
Use of structures built by the United States 1, 20, 431 ; vi, 3189
V.
Vancouver, Wash.^ :(mprovement of Columbia River near i, 414; iv, 2643
Vermillion, Bayou, bay, and passes. La., improvement of i, 227 ; in, 1370
Vermillion Harbor, Ohio, improvement of i, 373 ; i v, 2403
Vineyard Haven, Mass. :
Improvement of harbor at i. 52, .578
Removal of wrecks in i, 62, 609
Vineyard Haven Harbor, Mass. :
Improvement of i, 52, 578
Removal of wrecks in i, 62, 609
Volusia Bar, Fla., improvement of .'. i, 186; n, 1220
W.
\Va]>ash River, Ind. and 111. :
Improvement of i, 296 ; in, 194:4
Improvement of, above Vincennes, Ind i, 296 ; in, 1946
Improvement of, below 'Vincennes, Ind i, 296 ; in, 1943
Waccamaw River, N. C. and S. C, improvement of i, 168 ; n, 1067
Wahkiakum County, Wash., construction of bridge across Skamokawa Creek
by 1,429
Walnut Bend, Mississippi River, examination for prevention of cut into St.
Francis River 1,225; in, 1560
Wappinger Creek, N. Y., improvement of i, 85, 740
Wappoo Cut, S. C, improvement of i, 173 ; ii, 1116
Wareham Harbor, Mass., improvement of i, 52, 580
Warren County, Miss., construction of bridge across Big Black River by i, 430
Warrior River, Ala. :
Improvement of (below Tuscaloosa) I, 212 ; n, 1311
Improvement of, between Tuscaloosa and Daniels Creek i, 211 ; ii, 1310
Warwick River, Md., improvement of i, 127 ; n, 894
W.ishington, 1). C. :
Anacostia River, improvement of 1, 1£8 ; ii, 939
Defense of i, 6, 10
Great Falls, Potomtic River, use of water power for electric lighting .. . vi, 3256
Potomac River at, improvement of 1, 135 ; ii, 925
Public buildings and grounds ^^^*^% ^x^'^Sl^i
Wnshington a<]ueduct V^^N "^V'^'^^^
24 INDEZ.
Washington, D. C. — Continued.
Washington inonumout I, 435 ; vi, 3267'
Water supply, increasing i, 434 ; vi, 3222
Washington and Chesapeake Beach Railway Company, bridge of i, 428
Washington aqueduct, Washington, D. C i, 432 ; vi, 3193
Washington Bayou, Miss., improveiuent of i, 248 ; in, 1511
Wash ington monument, Washington, I). C i, 435 ; vi, 3267
Watereo River, S. C, improvement of i, 171 ; ii, 1089
Waterways :
Between Beaufort Harbor and Newhern (on Neuse River), N. C .. i, 159; ir, 1030
Between Beaufort Harbor and New River i, IGl ; ii, 1034
Between Chincotea^ue Bay, Va., and Delaware Bay, near Lewes, Del.,
construction of bridge across canal connecting * i, 430
Between Chiucoteague Bay, Va., and Delaware Bay, near Lewes, rd.,
improvement of i, 123; ii, 884
Between New River and Swansboro 1, 161 ; ii, 1037
Between Norfolk Harbor, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C i, 151; ii, 983
Between Savannah, Ga., and Feniandina, Fla i, 182 ; ii, 1206
From Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, across Keweenaw Point, improve-
ment of 1,312; IV, 2029
From Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, across Keweenaw Point, operat-
ing and care of 1,313; IV, 2029
Waukcgan Harbor, 111., improvement of i, 328 ; iv, 2100
Wcllticot Harbor, Mass., improvement of 1,48,563
West Galveston Bay, Tex., improvement of I, 235 ; ill, 1399
West Norfolk, Va., construction of bridge across Western Branch of Elizabeth
River 1,429
Wrst Norfolk and Port Norfolk Drawbridge Com)>any, bridge of i, 429
Westchester Creek, N. Y., establishment of harbor lines i, 423, 790
Wcstport Point, Mass., construction of bridge across East Branch of Westport
River i,429
Westport River, Mass., construction of bridge across East Branch of, at
Wcstport Point i, 429
Weymouth River, Mass. , improvement of i, ^5, 556
)lhife, Harry (schooner), removal of wreck of h-^-^r '*^^
White Lake Harbor, Mich., improvement of i, 346; iv, 2215
White River, Ark., improvement of i, 253 ; iii, 1547
White River, lud., im])rovement of if 297; iii, 1948
Whitehall Harbor, N. Y., improvement of i,392; iv,2499
Wicomico River, Md., improvement of i, 129; ii, 899
Wildfire (schooner), removal of wreck of i, 49, 568
Willamette River, Oreg. :
Defense of Portland i, 5
Improvement of, above Portland i, 417 ; I v, 2659
Improvement of, below Portland i, 416 ; i v, 2654
Willapu River and Harbor, Wash., improvement of 1, 409 ; iv, 2595
Willets Point, N. Y. :
Engineer Depot i» 18, 474
Post of 1,17,467
Wilmington and Weldon Railroad Company, bridge of 1, 426
Wilmington Harbor, Cal., improvement of i, 395; iv, 2511
Wilmington Harbor, Del., improvement of i, 118; ii, 870
W^ilmington Harbor, N. C. :
Defense of i, 6
Improvement of Cape Fear River above i, 164 ; li, 1044
Improvement of Cape Fear River at and below 1, 164 ; ii, 1047
Removal of wreck in l, 168 ; li, 1065
Wilson Harbor, N.Y., improvement of 1,382; iv,2448
Wilsons Point Harbor, Conn., improvement of i, 73, twl
Winthrop Harbor, Mass., improvement of i» 43, 547
Winyaw Bny, S. C, improvement of 1. 167 ; li, 105M
Wisconsin Central Rnilroad Company, bridge of i, 427
Wisconsin River, Wis., surveys for reservoirs at sources of :.. Ill, I7i'»
Withlacoochee River, Fla.:
Bridge at Dunnellon, construction of i. 42.1
Improvement of 1, 193 ; ii, 124*2
Wolf River, Wis., construction of bridge j« t Gills Landing 1, 427
Wrecks, removal of i, 19
Ashlev River, S.C M74; n, 11^
Ashtabula Harbor, OUlo V^I^V iv,2426
INDEX. 25
Wrecks, removal of— Continued.
Baniegat Light. N. J., opposite i»117; ii, 861
Big Pigeon Bayon,La i,232; in, 1383
Block Island Sound, R.I 1,82,711
Brandy wine Creek, Del i,132; ii, 907
Bridesburg, Pa i|117; ii,861
Brigantiue Shoal, N. J 1,117; ii,861
Browns Led^e, Ma^s., near i. 63, 619
Capo Fear River, N. C., in and near mouth of 1, 168 ; ii, 1065
Cliarles, Cape, Va., at : i, 152 ; ii, 987
Charleston Harbor, S. C i,174; ii, 1128
Chatham, Mass., near ^^'^t 611
Chatham Bar, Mass ^l9,.568
Chatham Harbor, Mass i, 49, 568
Chatham Roads (Old), Mass 1,63,613
Chesaj.eake Bay 1,132,152; 11,906,987
Christiana River, Del 1,132; ii, 906
Delaware Bav, iu ii, 862
Delaware River, Pa. and N. J i, 117, 118 ; h, 861, 862
East River, N. Y 1,95,785,786
Elizabeth River, N.J 1,108,823
Faulkners Island, Long Island Sound, near i, 82, 712
Geduey Channel, New York Harbor i, 95, 785
Grand River, La i,232; in, 1383
Handkerchief light-ship, Mass., near i, 62, 612
Hatteras, Cape, N. C, near 1. 168; ii, 1065
Hyaiinis Harbor, Maas 1,63,614,615,616
Kent Island, Chesapeake Bay, off i, 132 ; n, 906
Logstown, Pa i, 289; in, 1889
Long Island Sound, in 1,82,712,714
Long Sand Shoal, Long Island Sound, near i, 82, 714
Lookout, Cape, light-house, near i, 168 ; n, 1065
Maurice River Cove, Delaware Bay, in ii, 862
Mispillion River, Del 1,132; ii,906
Mobile River, Ala i,219; ii, 1332
Monomoy Beach, Mass. , near i, 63, 618
Monomoy life-saving station, Mass., near i, 62, 607
Monomoy Point, Mass., at and near I, 62,63,606,608
Monomoy Point light-house, near i» 63, 616, 617
Nantucket Sound, Mass., in and near i, 62, 63, 604, 612, 620
Nautilus Shoal, Chesapeake Bay, on i, 152; ii, 987
New Haven Harbor, Conn *. 1, 82, 712
New York Harbor, N. Y 1,95,785,786
Ohio River below Pittsburg 1,289; ni, 1889
Outer Mi<ldle Ground, Chesapeake Bay, on i, 152; ii, 987
Parkers River, Msiss., near 1, 63, 620
Pawtucket, R. I 1,63,620
Pittsburg, Pa., below i,289; in, 1889
Point Breeze, Schuylkill River, below 1, 118 ; n, 862
Pollock Rip Channel, Mass i, 62, 604
Pontchartrain, Lake, La i, 232 ; in, 1383
Popes Lslnnd, Va., off ii, 907
Potomac River, 1). C i, 145 ; n, 971
Presqu'Ilo Harbor, Mich i,.361; iv,2257
Providence River, R.I i, 62, 612
Provincotown Harbor, Mass ■. i, 49, 568
Root River, Racine, Wis i,330; iv,2124
St. Georges Creek, Md i,145; ii,970
St. Georges River, Md 1, 145 ; n, 970
Savannah Harbor, Ga i, 182 ; ii, 1209
Schuylkill River, Pa., below Point Breeze i, 118 ; ii, 862
Sliip Island Harbor, Mississippi Sound I, 232 ; in, 1384
Smith Island, Delaware River, above i, 117 ; n, 861
Southampton, N. Y., off i, 82, 713
Sunken Meadow, East River, N. Y., off 1,95,785,786
Vineyard Haven Harbor, Mass * j, 62, 609
Y.
Yamhill River, Greg., improvement of \,NXa\ vs ^^^S:R?s.
Yankton^ S, Dnk., construction of bridge acro%a "b(L\ftfto\it\ "^V^ct V'Nas*
ENa 94 3
26 INDEX.
Yankton Bridge Company, bridge of i, 425
Yaquina Bay, Oreg., improvement of I, 405 ; i v, 2576
Yazoo River, Miss. :
Improvement of i, 245 ; iii, 1483
Improvement of mouth of i, 246 ; in, 1488
Yellow Banks, Wis., improvement of i,266; iii, 1718
Yellowstone National Park, construction and improvement of roads and
bridges in 1,^41; vi, 3439
Yellowstone River, Mont, and N. Dak., improvement of i, 272 ; iii, 1784
York Harbor, Me., improvement of .'. 1, 33, 522
York River, Va., improvement of i, 143; ii, 961
Youii^i^ay, Oreg., construction of bridge across i, 428
YoiiuProiver, Oreg., improvement of i, 418 ; iv, 2663
Yuba River, Cal., improvement of h^^^i vr, 3174
Ynma, Ariz., improvemcmt of Colorado and Gila rivers at i, 397 ; iv, 2521
Z.
Zuuiuga Shoal, San Diego Harbor, Cal i, 396; iv, 2514
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